^iSlRT -*-.. -^^ Ex Libris C. K. OGDEN THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES THE CIRCLES of GOMER, &c. y THE CIRCLES of GOMER OR, AN ESSAY TOWARDS AN Inveftigaticn and Introduflion of the E N G L I S H, as an UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE, upon the firft Principles of Speech, according to its Hieroglyfic Signs, Argrafic, Archetypes, and fupcrior Pretenfions to Originality -, a retrieval of original Knowledge ; and a re-union of Nations and Opinions on the like Principles, as well as the Evi dence of ancient Writers j W I T H A N ENGLISH GRAMMAR, Some Illuftrations of the Subjecls of the Author's late lilfays, and other intcrefling Difcovcrie:^. By Pv O W. J O N E S, EsQ^ LONDON, Sv'd bv S. Crowdf.r, in Piiter-noftcr Piow; Richardson^, ;\ncl ITkquhart, at the lloyal Exchanjjc ; P. Kl.MiLtv, in the Stiaiid; and J. Alimon, in 1 iccadilly. 1771. ■"!FT" .T H E t r CIRCLES of GOMER. BALL ABA or Apelby, and Abalr^ a vale and town on the river Eden, W-mor. another of the Troglo- dites by the Red Sea, and the name of feveral other places in Ire. and Wales, fignify the water place or vale part ; and in a fccondary fenfe, as rivers, feas, ami u'aters, were the ulual limits and extents of provinces and diilricls, the lov/cfl and farthell place ; alfo Bala, inflects into fule ur vale, and afal, apple, or the vale produce, fo named after the place of its growth, like the wines of Oporto, Champaign, liurgundy, Pdountain, liheniih, and others. 7 hename liela- tucudro, infcribed on coins fonnd here, fignifies the keeper or warden of the fartheil iule cr confines water ; as dees Kirkby '1 hor, utualed on the lame river, mean the confines or water- gate part ; and the infcrlption '1 hur gut Luetis, on another linall fdver coin there iouiid, and iuppofecl to be the Saxon deity Thor, to vhom our ihuvul.iv was dedicated, Thor gate let, or llie water- gate let, or its keeper; it being probably a payment ol: toll or (.iuiy to him lor the libertv of pafling and repalling h;.^ g^ite on lair and ma: kcl-ckiys ; and to wliom, on the expuliirni ot the Druid?; and lJr:t:rins into the northern c.-'LiiUries, llie lup.'iuitl^aib llonian, or the liill more I'agan Godii-Dane, migiu: let \\\-^ tlii;. idol ; it having beCi) ;i!i uiuai pradiee amon^d didi' a:ic:v_l;ni'o the Cd'eek,; tod^liy tii^ir noble ane";l(H'. the Lidtes, \vii >, a-j n'l-iteinp^yei. Iiil", mmt nave llricfly ad];v,rL-d t') tlie v.-oiildp of i^ie ciil Co;', like the url* p^iti iarchs ; and tliougli n> ieeli C',.::;e in;vi ii.ii'':; ; La-, e biiji dik:overcd, the Ronia.ns ]i,n\,' kti:p mar.'., v. im a vie a" oi tiad.utir.g the I3raj;i!cal r'd;;den, ;;nd f^cluei!);'- th,: p;':.i;;e trom th^ir rreat altachmeni to it, Abana, a river o[ C^eio e>yria, the iucloieing is fpring [ * I fpriug part. Abantes, or Trinobantes, of Ionia, Greece, and Britain, the inclofing fpring water fides, parts, bottoms, vales, or dwellings. Abaris, or Abas, a Scythian poet, who dwelt in Greece, the water part fide, a bard, or the rcgiiler or re- corder of the Druids, Abbots, or Barons in Britain, at their cells, leets, or palaces on tlie bountlary water part, like Abrlias the fleward of Ahab and Abdon of the Judges of Ifrael. Abdcra of Spain, the fpring water part. Abeda or BcJc N-hum. the fpring water part ftation orbed. Abel, a part from, or fun of the water place or light. Aber, the name of mn.ny places in England, Scotland, and Ireland, at the mouths, confluence, or difernboguement of rivers ; in its pri- mary fcnfe fignifics the fpring waiter part ; fecondly, as the w.iter places and harbors of feamen, an haven or harbor ; and thirdly, from the nature of the fcituation, a confluence of water. Abcrbroth, Scot, the ferry or port water part or har- bor. Aber Conwy, N- Wales, the confines or inclofeing fpring water part or harbour. Aberdeen, Scot, the harbor on the divifion fpring water. Aberduglethi, or Milford haven, S. Wales, the haven of the two fide fpring water places, or of the two fwords, as both cletheu and fword in their primary fenfe fignify the fpring water part, whofe hieroglyphic is the male part of propagation or generation. Aberford, or Aber- forth, near the Roman road and river Cock, Yorkf. the Avater part Avay or ford. Aberfraw, N- Wales, the fpring water part harbor, or haven. Abergaveny, or Gobanium on the Wye and Goveny, S-Wales,on the confines or inclofeing fpring Avater parts. Aberguain, S-Wa'es, the inclofeing fpring water part or harbor. AberMeneu, N-Wales, the edge or furrounding water part, and as the edge of any thing is narrow, the narrow Avater part. Abernethy, near the conflux of the Ern and lay, Scot. the fide inclofing water part. Abington, or Abandon on the Oufe, Berks, the inclofeing or confine? fpring Avatcr part ; and, as abbeys, cells, convents, raonaileries, priories, and churches derive their names from their being fcituatod on the fca or river fides, the abbey town. Abingcr, Surry, the in- clofing fpring water part, border, or head. Aborigcnc;, or Pelaigians of Italy and other places, Vv'lio, according to Virgil and others, dwelt on the tops of mountains and other high places before the draining of the flat countries by rivers and other drains by Hercules, fignify the Phrygi.in or tlic farthcit or lowermofi: water confir.es or bor'.icrs. Abotfburv, Dorfct, in its virion i mear.ings, like the city Abotis in Egypt, figniiics the farrc mding wattr fide, fpring part, habitation, burrough, or arj -.ibbot'jburruw or rcfidcnce ; and from the dccreafe cf fprin,c;s, incrcafing [3 1 increafing t\ie fea, and their junclion, came abate, abet, and abut. Abone, Aboyn, Aboy, Aubon, Aufon, or Avon, ap- pellative or common names of rivers in Som. Wilts. N-ham. Dorfct, SufF. Norf. War. Gloc. and moft other parts of England and Ireland, fignify the furrounding or inclofeing, or fide fpring water part or fountain. Abravanus or Abervan, Scot, the fpring water part, port, or haven. Abrcvicum or Berwick on the Tweed, the fpring water part, harbor, llrcet, or fortification, Abretana, and Abretanus In Myfia, and one of Jupiter's names, at the water part fide or coalt. Abus, Hum- ber or Chumber, Yorkf. the fpring water lower or fea-fide part, or an a;lluarle ; it being fo called from Abia the daughter of Hercules, or a Cumbrian colony, which opened and fettled on that river. To thefe names of places and perfons, which are the primary and moll: perfect models of all common names of things, the Engllui dialcdl: owes its origin ; as in the following names, viz. Abaft, the fpring part off the fide ; Abafe and Abafh, the fpring part low, which the reverfing the letter b hieroglyfically exprelTes ; Abate, the fpring part at the fide or fea ; Abba, the fpring part, as Mama is the furrounding water part ; Abbey, the fpring water part or abode; Abbreviate, the fpring water part at the fide water ; Abdicate, from the fide or confines keeping; Abed, Abet, and Abide, at the fpring part fide; Aberring, from the inclofeing water part ; Abhor, the fpring part behind the border or from the border ; Able, the fpring water place ; Aboard, on the fide furrounding or Inclofeing water part or fea vefTel ; Abode, the furrounding water part fide; Abolilh, the furrounding fpring water place low or lefiened ; Abominate, at the furrounding water part edge ; Above, the furrounding water part fpring or fourcc; Abound, the furrounding fpring on the fides ; About, the furrountling fpring water fide; Abrcalt, the water part lower fides; Abridge, the water part edge ; Abroach, at the furrounding water part action ; Abroad, from the road, ncighbourh'iod, country, or furrounding water part ; Abrogate, iVoni being demauvled ; Abrupt, the fpring water part up to the furia^c ; Abcels, Abfeind, Ablcond, and Ablence, the part below the lower or fide confines; Abfolvc and Abfolute, the part below or at the fide of the furrounding fpring water place ; Abforb, the part below the orb or border part ; Ablbain, the part below the incloielng coaft ; Abflract, the part below the water con- iincs fide; Abfurd, the part below the Ipring fide; Abufe, frv)!n ule, or from the fpring part fide ; Abut, the fpring part fitie-, which abut ; Abyfi,, tlie lower p..i"L. B 2 Ac [ 4 ] Ac, Auc, or Aqua Srli.i, Bath, Eoctli, Badon, or Ackmnn- cVieRer, Som. tlie iu'c or hot fp;ing water p?.rt, and the confines water part city j and from Tick iitople'.s attending, there, tiie Ackc, or Sick Man's City ; Bocth and Aqua boli.s being botli exprciTive of the furrouiiding li^htpart as veil as the furround- ina water part. y\ca, Acabe, AeaLene, or Acabis, in iviefopo- tamla, r»,:acedionia, E-vpt, Lybia, and Spain, the water c-.n- fuie;-, the warer confines part, end, or fide, or the lovrer v.'ater fide. Acliaia in Greece, the inciofed, or water incioled pare or fiekis. A.chelandia or AucJand, Dur. tlie fpring water fide bank, land, or pofi"Liiions. Acheron or Acherun; a river of Greece, the inelofing fpring water or river. Acnxda: or Hcmoc;-j ifianus near tlie Orcades in the (merman ocean, the iurroundin ■ water or fca parts or ifiands. Acquitania and lacce- tahia, a part of Gau! and Spain, on the confines water fie.c, or coafl:, O! below the confine- or inelofting water, r.c'cium in Epirtis, the confines water fide. Aclon, and Aclon Bu/nel, GiCC. zmd Salop, the water or fpriiig waier place fide town. Acken:an Streer, the Wicei fprin;; water confirics, Vra>;eing and Ak>:in^^ ■■;t::::,t. Hcr.ce Accede and Accch, the con- fines \'.^a''.er fidi- , or banks , Accelerate, the running water piace ; A,'. C';y f; at the confines v. aur part; Acciaent, belov/ or und tr tht confines water ficie ; Accontranv, en the fasi.c furrouiiding Avatcr part; Aecompt, it. contents; /record, at the wt'ter horde;-; Accofi;, the water cct-fincs lower fide, or coafi. ; A come; the iprinp water conune;, era place or rrowth ; /.eeu''-^, ItfioiV the Avater h(.rder ; Aeente, below the cen- fiites Ip; in^; ; Arceihie, its linnts aitd dontinion ; Ace, t'le jpring w'ter iu'i' ; Ael^e ; Acre, tiic ineioteinvT or divnhitg herder, (y tlic wa'cr inelo'eing part, vAfi.'h might have been 4. perehe^ hreaU and 40 in lengt'i, \. iih lUiheient d'^pth, al- lotted on the fitd' divifion of countri.s, : ;.• draii.htr, l:,.nking, inpnc'ling, ted c'cfending lo much , t the he;\;; : , i Acr and ^AOlic^ii, li e lonfi.tes water iide, Aet:ate and .^icule, the con- fine: tArh;g fide or eiige. AoAta o; Adhant, t!ie divided or created rart, n^nn, hcn^e or hento. Ad anann or Ad aticant, itear Gantalodunni-ii or IJahietr in hfiex, oit ttic Cidc ineioihiitg fip-iiig vv.tter pari. A;:are Ire. tite fi'ie er cu\ifion water pnrt. Ac^Iingta or Athahiey, Som. the fide iitelofeing w;'t^r jtlace, vale, or bedd- ing. Adt:ling, a tide or nobility, and of the eidicit Ion or Iteir apparent ol h,n gland, fi, ,nifies ;i hciucr of the borders, itanid or h';t,Ja:td, i.oiii v.dicnce nobility and Jo\'ereig;;tv keir; to he derived. Aderuuri;, V/iits, on the f[^ring water p.ot iide. Adco; ll-tdoJ, 0; Uioj the lj-,ver part, heil, or its piinee, \\I-o [ 5 3 •Is fuppofed to be Pluto king of Spain. Adgebrin or Yveiin, N-hum, on the confines water part or fpring edge. Adington or Haddington, Wilts, N-ham, Surry, and Scot, the in- clofing water fide town. Adficld or Hatfeld, Herts, and Yorki". the fide dweiling-place, field, or vilbgc, which pt.T- haps was at firfl: the acre. Adminius, the fon of Ciinobeiin., and chieftain of the Trinobantes, at the iurrounding vvater fide or edge. Adriaticum or Adrianum, a fca bctv/ixt Italy and Dahnatia, the fide furrounding water par*: or fca. iVdros or Bardfey lilands, N- Wales, the fide furrcanding vratcr parts. Adurni portus or .Kderington, Suil'. the iidc incloteir.g or con- fines water port or town Adwick in the Street, the fide fprii'.g couiines, fcrcet, fortification, or vilingc, v/hich Adwick fully exprefles, without tl:e addition of in the Itreet. Hence, as a the earth is divided from e the water by d the fide, Add, Addition, and Adequate fignify the fide or ecjual divifion ; Addle, the fide water place, which is at the water edge, and under it is barren ; Adding, the inclofcing water place fide, holder, or nobleman ; Adrefs, below the lide water part ; Adept, at the fide watc:' part ; Adhere, the fide water part, or r,t the fides ; Aidijoin, the fide inclofeing circle ; Admiral, on the fide lurr(5\!nding water or fea ; Axdmfivc, tlie lidc furround- ing lights ; Aih'iut, at or to the furrour.di:\r; iidc cr border; Admoni(h, at the lower furrounding v.'Pter part or lea fide cell or monaib.:;rv, v/here people were ufualiy admo^fifhed ; Ado, the fitle circle or either f ;rt ; Adolefccf.ce, the circle fide below the confines Vv-atcr place; Adore, the border fid.e, whi':Ii were the places of adoration -, Adorn, inelcfcin.g die fiirround- ing fide ; Adrift, fiowing at the fichj water part or fea ; Adry, at the fea water ; Advanc*:, the lide lower y.Mt; Ativaniagc, tl:e fide ]5art taidng ; Advent, the fide fpriuginto; Adverb, the fide or added tpring part; Adverfe, bc::;v/ the fide fpririg water ; Advert, at the i\dc ipring of e:enerati-^ii, nriiii'ion, Ineecii, hcarir.g, lecing, t'^c. Adviie, a,;: ihe h)v,-er or lelh r i^iring ; Achdt, ,:t thj Ipring part on the fide ; Adulterer, at the ipring pait on the fide ni;. a or married perf'n ; y\d;!::fbrate, the Udc ierroiinding part; Advocate, a: t'"e iide i.ii.ei; or calling fi-)ri:ig part; jicivc^wfan, the calling hde or di. ilion; Adrilt, t;;e ntie ipring at tlu; lo^\-eit. /V.^ and /hacu,'-, a water part or ifi;;','d, andi a.n iih^Tid chieUain. yl-.budix-, y'l i)oda', or the I.d^ii-is, th.; waicr iurronnding parts or hai-itatioirs. yl"'(i;r, iUdid, er Ihjr- gundi cu (.hiilia Narlionenic';, who prohahh :r,:de t::::r nn^ra- i-ioii from the Mediterranean iea on the Ir^nk- ;.■: ;he iliiefi:!;, the upper tpring parts, dwi^iiincs, or dv.eiiirj. /' ;.^.': n, fcii ^ rf [ 6 ] of Titan and Terra, -whom (tocIs Briarcus, r.nd w.cn JEgcoVy named according to Homer, fignifies on the water fide or edge, or tlie Wcdcrn or inclodng water confines. yEgypt, the edge, or confines water part or firft inhabited country. /^'A-,vzrd 2nd Z'^lfred, or iElfrith, the v/atcr place iide, ford, or \v2rdei5. iSthiopia, fouthward of ^%ypt in Africa, the f.de or faiihefl water part, ^tona, Berks, on the water fide town, or the incjofeing border water part. Hence ^^ra, the upon or furrounding part ; Aerial and j^therial, on the fide or furrounding fpring or water. /Etna, for vEtan, tiie fire. Affran'ia, a fhamelefs woman, the inclofting water parts. Aifric^i the water part, or hot confines or country. AfFrim, the Avater part run, or border. AfFrodifius, leiiening the hde, furrounding or inclofeing water. Hence Afar, the water part ; .'Affable, the water place part ; Afr'air, the cjrth part, or on the (.art ; Aff?(El, the water part at ; Afiiancc, the the part on tlie fide j Affirm, on the furrounding part ; Ailix, the part to the confines water ; A:3iicl, the part fro!n fiowing; ArTord, the wav, ford, or furrounding water part fide ; Afrrav, on the water part a£lion ; Aflrij;ht, the part on the confines water fide ; Affront, the front, or the water part on the fide ~, AiFay and Afi^y, the parts fpringing, growiui^, or acting together ; Afloat, the furrounding water place part or at the flood ; afoot, the paw or part at the furiace ; Aiorc, on the furrounding water ; After, ofl'the water fide or part. Agag, the inclofeing or confines water chief. A;iar, the inclofeing Avatcr. Agaihyrfi, or Picii Agathyvfi on the borders of Scythia, the confines or inclofeing water lower fide or upper part. Agelocum or Littleburgh, Line, the furrounding water place, confines, or edse, or a burrow on the fide water pi:.ce. Agefilaus or Pluto, on the lower confines place. Aglaus, the fpring water place edge, or confines. Agrippa, Italy, the border water part. Agvlleus, the fon of Hercules, who drained the midland countries and founded the Gauiifii nations, the fpring uetcr place confines. Hetice Again, on the in- ciofeing water edge ; Ag:.fin;l:, on the inclofeing water lower fide ; Age, the inclofeing water ac^liion, oge, or circle ; Agent, on the ineloleing v/ater i:C\c ; Auitale, the coniines water fide part or Its aclion ; Ago, the ci.cle or aclion trom ; Agrarian, inclofeing or dividing the countries or boi'.ndarie-: ; A:>ree, inclofeing tlie water confines ; Ague, the fpring water confines. Ah and eh, the a znd e found as intcrieca.irib. A}T5RiDGF, F.fi'ex, the fpring or flowing water part cd :c, or bridge. A'-.h or Aix, Anuitan and Germany, tae ip.ing '-> * ' . r u c 1 [ 7 J or flowing water confines. Aidon or Haidonj Yorkf. and N-hum, the fpiing, or high fpring water iide or town. AzHbury, Ford, and Ham, Bucks, Kent and Norf. the fpring or flowing water place fide burrow, ford, vale, or dweilin;;- place. Aire, Scot, the fpring or flowing water. Hence Aid^ the fide flood or fpring ; Ail, from flowing j Aim, the fur- rounding flood or water edge ; Air, the flowing fpring or lire ; Aiile, the ifle or fide flood or water place j Ait or Eyght, the fide flowing fpring water part. Alemanni of Germany, the fpring water place fides, alleys, GauliPn, or vale parts ; and, in a fecondary fenfe, the hilly parts or banks which inclofe water places, like the hills and dales of Scotland, which are tlience named Almond. Thofe of Germany are by hiftorinns fiippofed to be a motiev race of Sueves, Gauls, and others, who, in the bezinning of the third centurv, feated themfelves betwixt the Danube, Upper Rhine, and Meyne. Alani, Glani or Clani, Alaun, Alen, Aln, Alone, and Alway, Corn. Dorfet, Hants, War. N-ham, Lane. Cumb. N-hum. Scot. Brittany, and the banks of the Danube, the inclofeing fpring water place, banks, or vales, or the Britifli Glyns, Glens, or Clans ; thofe of Ger- many being probably a branch of the Cymmeri, Cumberi, Umbri or Chumberi, and Cumata or Comata, who inhabited almoft all the vales and inland parts of Europe. Alaw, N-Wales, the fpring water place or river. Alaric, the upper country chief, or king. Albany, Alben, Albion, or Scot- land, the upper weftern water place or ifland, as is Britain the lower water part, and the high or hilJy ends or banks in a fecondary fenfe. Alba-land or Alba Ecclcfia, N-hum. the fpring water place bank fide, church, or pofleiTions ; the Englifli land being compofed of Ian, a water bank or church- yard, and t or d, the fides and pofleflions. St. Alban's, Wer- linga or Watlinga ceafier, or Verulam, or hn, Herts, the fpring water place confines or banks. Albenich, Scot, the the upper liill or high land. Albemare, the high or upper mere part. Ali>righton, Salop, on the confines water p;irt town. Albury ami Akhcfier, Surry, Oxon, and War. on the fpring v.'ater place, dwelling, burrow, or city. Alenicna, tlie n;other ot Hercules by Jupiter, the furrounding water place or fea confines, ports, or havens. Alcuin, on the confines fpring water place. Aklbnrrow, Suii". the water place fide burrow. Aldenliarn ar.d Aldcnburgh, Herts and Weftphalia, a burrow or vale on the water place fide. Alderley, Gloc. a place or p.iiace on the water part. AKlerman, a man on the waler p.irt. AlJ':nnaiK:\, Berks, a tO',v:i on the middle or furround- ing ing water part. Aldcrninifler "Were, a flatlon or mona/lery on the fiue water part. Alderr.cy or Ri.iuna Illand, a part in the high water or lea. Aldingham, Lane, a vale on the con- fines water iicle. AlJport, Lane, the fide water place, port, or the old port. Aldwin, on the fule fpring water place. AlvcLum or Dundee, Scot, on the Hue or divifion fpring water place. Alerton, Yorkf. the fpring water place town. Alfcrd, Chef, the fpring water place, ford, or way, or the high- way. Alfred, on ttvc vvater place fide, or Britain. Alfreton, Der. on the Avaier part town. Alice, the fide water place. Alington, Kent, on the inclofeing- water place or bank town. Allcndorf, on t];e Upper Pxhine, the water bank, or border gate part. Allobrigcs, of the Viennois, Savoy, and other parts tif Narbon Gaul, v/hofe capital v/as Vienna on the Ilhofne, and who fecm to be of the fame origin as the Venta Belgarum of Gaul and Britain, fignifies the furrounding fpring water place, vale, alley, Gaulifn upper v/ater parts, or Phrygian confines. Alnvvdck, N-hum. the inelofcing fpring water place, ftreet, or fortification. Aloa, Scot, on the furrounding water place or fja. Alon, Cumb. the iriclofeiiig water bank or lane. Alpes of Italy, above the low parts, or the hiil parts, Alresford, Hants, a ford or uay on th,e fide water place. Alficn Moor on the Tine, Cumb. a nicor belov/ the confines fpring fide. Alt and Altena, Lane, and on the Elbe, the fpring water place fide, bank, or hill. Alterynls, Heref. on the inelofcing water part or ifland. iVlvingharn, Line, on tiie confines water place vale, or dwellin^-piace. Ahven, N-Wales, the high inelofcing fpring v/atei place. licnce Alack, from being high ; Aiacritv, en tliC confinco v, atcr place, or on the wing ; Aliirm, on the furrounilir.::; parts ; Albeit, on the fide part ; Alchynry, the high art ; Alcoran, on the high borders; Alcove, a cc/ering upon ; Ailder, on ti'.e water part ; Alderman, on tlie water part man; Ale, the ioring w.iter ; Alert, at the fpring \\'ater phice ; Algebra, on the confines water parts ; A.lgid. on the confines water place f:de ; Alien, an ally one or i.i another alley, fireet, or C(K;n;ry ; Alike, the vratcr r]:.:i f-'^5, or fiiadow ; Alive, on the f!ov.-mg fprJr.g ; All or 0:1, th:e furrcu;;ding or cijele v/aier rl.icc i Allay, on the by cr fiat ; AY •as aiiirrniiig on tlie water ci-. orJcJ ; yVl]cg::n:.,_ U^.ln; wat/r c'-:;fne;; ^Mkinj.:;:, All.y? 0:1 the wa^r placL:; Com.Mc-, v;.._r a;: ■) ; Ah.-i! ancient patiiiaf.ry, f.;m the l.c ige,_ on the wa ter phv :e edge ; ,e before a purg: Uir>n 1: >y water ;■ v/Ith.in the aiii - } 5 - i- r^eU, or C! A ; 1 thie high lis.'] lliaru:e, the bei: n iji: ;g en l ng iah ; :!:c lume \ 1, a hchiing a i V^lili ulod, a V, ■aeri'.i_:e ,.e;ne-;r r of tliC ■ ; Ahot, Oli [ 9 ] on the furrounding water place fide ; Allow and Law, on or the cuftom of the alley; Ally, on the fame alley; Almanac, on the furrounding water place or moon aclion ; Almoft, the furrounding water place or fea loweft fide; Alms, the fur- rounding water place fide or palace; Aloes, the high age or lower or pad circle; Alone, all one; Along, the inclofing water place; Aloof, the furrounding water place part ; Alpha and Alphahet, on parts and healts; Already, on the water part fide; Always, on the fpring; Aliter or Alter, the alley or Gaulifh pofiellions, which were different from the llomans, and Alitera or Ceres, the goddefs or chief of the corn. Amanus, Amonus of Afia, Spain and other parts, the fur- roundino; parts, water parts or mountains. Ambarri or Am- brones of Gaul, on the furroundingwater parts or fea fide, Am- berlev, Sufi', the furrounding water part place or the amber place. Ambiorix, the furrounding water part chieftan or king. Ambog- lana or Amblefide, W-mor. the furrounding water part fides or banks. Ambrcfbury Wilts, the furrounding water part fide burroAV. Ambry, Heref. the furrounding or boundary water part. Amcrfliam or Agmondeftiam Bucks, the furround- ing water fide or edge vale. Atnifia or Embden Germany, the lower furrounding water part fide or vale. Amond or Au- mund Scot, the hill furrounding water or fpring fide. Am- phitrite the vvife of Neptune, the furrounding water part or fea. Ampthill Bed. the furrounding water part fide hill. Hence Amain, the main fea; Amafs, the furrounding or in- clofing fides part?, or countries; Amber, from its being found on the fea fide; Ambient, encompafling or furrounding the parts on the fides ; Ambit, circuit or the fide furrounding part; Ambition, on the fide furrounding part; Ambulation, on the furrounding fpring water placefide, A.mbulli, the furrounding fpring part fide ; Amen, for or within the bounds or heaven; Amenable, within the furrounding water place ; Amend, for or about the eml or infide; Amerce, the furrounding water fide; Amifs, below or at the fide of the furrounding water part; Amity, for tlic fide or the furrounding water fide; Among, within tlic iurrounding water circle; Amongli, with- in th;i furrounding water circle lower fide; Amour, for man or furrounding water circi',- ; Amouiit, the tliin^;:s in the fur- rounding circle; Amphibious, the two lides or furrounding parts or boundarys, which belong to neither difbiti:; Ample, the furrounding v.'v'ter placo ; Amputate, the furrounding fpring part at the fide ; Amufe, the furrounding fpring fide. An ALE or Longford Ire. the incloieing fpring water place or the water bank way or ford. Anas and Auabis Sp^in, the C lower [ 10 J lower inclofeing rpring part. Anacreon, the inclofemg Tpring water one. Ancalites or Hcnly Oxen, the inclofeing fpring or ancient water or dwelling place. Ancafler or Crococalana Line the inclofeing fpring city or the border water bank. An- dates the goddefs of vicStory, the inclofeing fpring water part fide. Anderida or Ncwenden Kent, the part on the water part or the vale or foreR on the inclofeing fpring. Andernefs J.anc. a promontory on the water part. Andover Hants, on the boundary river. Andradfwald SufT. on the water part fides wild or wood. Andraftes, on the water part lower fide. Ancflie, AuniHe, Anfly or Hanfly Herts and Yorkf. the in- clofeing fpring fide or pofTefiion or the ancient pofleflions be- longing to the river warden for the fupport and defence ot the boundary. Anglefey or Mon. N- Wales, the Angles ifland or on the furrounding weftern water ; it being an ifland of the Eaft Angles or Wenta Ifccnorum, who made their weflward mi- grations thither, thro' the inland countries of the Anoli Medi- teranei, the midland Angles or the country of the Cornavii. Angloen Germany, the inclofeing water place corner. Ham- bleor Homlea the furrounding fpring water or home place. Homlca fays Bede runs thro' the country of the Jutes, the Ken- t.ifli men, and the Ifle of Wight, and falls into the Solente, the lea fide water place or bank on the Hampiliire coaft; and the Angles country is that called Angulus fcituated between the Jutes or Kentiih men and the Saxons or Sufibx Surry and Ef- fexmen. Then fays Camden if the right meaning of Engel- bert and Engelhard were difcovercd it would help us to that of England and Angli. The meaning of thefe names feems to be Engli Britain, or Englifh water parts or pofielnons, as is England, Englifh land and Angli, Engli or rather its firft de- nomination Ingli, a place inclofed or confined by water or an ifland, diflerent from Angles or corner ifland or the Ifceni con- lines water place, as being funounded only by a part of the Thames on the Efiex fide, and the Angles fea coaft according to the original meaning of the radical in the Welfli as well as the Englilh dialcft of the Celtic, and what other people or country can be underltood from this defcription mufl be diffi- cult to find out ; for as to Angulus, there being then neither people or country of that denomination, befidesthofe of Eng- land it feems to be a Latin name of Bede's own coining agree- able to his general plan of introducing a new fort of grammati- cal language ditTerent from all the vulgar dialedls of Britain, and perhaps of any other country, but was the text fet right it feems probable that this well meaning leading hiftorian would anpear tomeanno Other than theAnglcs of Britain. Efpcciallvfince ^ Bede [ " ] Bede and other hiftorians confider the Angles and Saxons as dif- tinct nations. Angre Chipping Eff". the corner or angles confines water parts. Angus Scot, the incloleing water confines Antia Italy, the fide fpring. Ankam or Ad Anfam and Anker Kil. Norf. War. the furrounding or inclofeing fpring water confinc:i or border. Aniaby Yorkf. the inclofeirig fprln i; Avater place or an- cient part or habitation. Annan and Annandale Scot, the inclofe- ing fpring or ancient vale or dwelling place. Anticaria Spain, on the fide borders. Antiv?efteum, Penwith, Rolerium or Lands end Corn, on the lower water or weftern fide coalt, the wa- •;r fide end or on the furrounding water place part, a Roman name compofed of anti, and the tn.'liili name weft or we-ef-tu, the water lower fide in the diuletl of the Veneti or Wenta, who were fome of the firft pofi'eflbrs of Britain, and from whom , the prefent Englifii language feenis moftly to derive its origin, as appears on examination of the conjugating verbs, particles of conltruftion, the names of perfons and places, and manner of compounding both. Antona or Northampton, the inclofeing fpring town. Antport or Hanton port Hants, the inclofeing fpring fidepoit. Antrim Ire. th^ inclofeing fpring fide bor- der or rim. Antwerp, the inclofeing fprin/, fide water part. Anubis, an -Egyptian god of the fiiapc of a dog, the inclofe- ing fpring water part Hence the Gi-cek Ana, from tlic in- clofeing fpring or without; Anarchy, irom the inclofeing fpring water confines or fides ; Analogy, the inclofeing fpring water place fides, which are alike; Analyfis, from the fpring water place fides, which are proportionally feparated ; Anathe- ma, from or without the furrounding fide or border; AnatomV) feparating the furrounding border or body; Anchor, a fiiut on the border water, the letter T or a river running into die fca; Anchoret, on the inclofeing water fide fhut j Ancient, on the inclofeing fpring upper fide ; And, the inclofeing flaring di- xifion; Anew, in the fpring; Angle, a corner or confines water place, as a part of ingle or onglc, a lurroundcd v\ater place; Animal, the furrounding fpring place one. Anker, the water inclofeing or (hut one; Ankic, the leg (}:iut or joint; Annals, on the inclofeing Ipiing; Annex, the inclofeing fpring water confines; /Annihilate, without an illation of fpring; Annoy, on the fpring circle; Anoint, the fpring in the furrounding or fide circle; Anno Dom. the lurrouiuiiug circle of our Lord; Anon, on the fpring; Another, the in- clofeing fpring fide water ; Ant, the incloleing fpring iide, or ante betore, as takcing time by the forelock; Anti(.[uarv, v.n ancientry man ; Antitype, the previoufly divided part; Anti- pathy, on the inclofeing fpring part fide, which u cppofitc to C 2 the [ 12 1 tlic Other fide part; Anvil, the inclofeing fprlng on the water place or fen from the knocking and dadiing thereon ; Anxiety, inclofed, confined, or Ifraitened on the fides ; Any, the in- clofeing fpring or within it. Apelby W mor. the water place or fartheft part or habita- tion. Apenines Italy, the high inclofeing ends or part?. Apewood or Abbots wood Salop, the fpring water part fide, wood or dwelling place. Apelderham Surry, a vale or home on the farthell water part. Apiacuni or pap caflle Cumb. the furrounding water part cafhle. Apiedor, /\pletrce or Apul- dre Kent, the water place vale or farthefl fide, j>ntcor mouth, and appletree as growing therein. Appleton or Nun-Appleton Yorkf. a water place or inclofeing fpring water place town. Apolonia, Ceres or Babelonia, Syria, Chaldea, Afia Minor, Greece, Macedonia, and Italy, the inclofeing water place fides, banks, lanes or loncs and lands or lane fides ; the inland men having made their migrations from Syria weftward in ftreets on the river banks. Apfeley Gife Salop, the lower fpring water place confines fide. Apthorp N-ham. the fide or confines part water gate. Hence Ap being here a part of or from the earth ; Apace is the water part as moving and feparated from the earth; Apart, the fide Avater part; Apathy, from the fide or fule part J Ape, a part or fon ; Apoflate, from the flate or ftation ; Appal, from the water place ; Apparel, the part upon ; Apparition, on the water part fide or a fnadovv; Appeal, from the part higher; Appertain, on the water part or feacoaft; Appetite, at the fide part; Apple, the water place or vale part; Apply, the apple; Appoint and Appofite, on the fur- rounding water fide part or put; Apprize, from the lower or fide water part; Approach, the furrounding water part meeting together; April, the light flowing water part; Apron, on the ■water part; Apt, the fide part, as fit or pit is the infide part, which is fitting. Ar and Ararat, the earth, country or unon and on the earth fide. Arabia, the earth dwelling place or the high country part, which, as the bottoms remained covered with water or bog ry and undr.iincd for niaiiy centuries after the deluje, became the firfl inhabited parts, as appears by the ridges, flatts and inclo- fures on the tops of mountains and hills, and on the mountain of Ararat Noah's ark relied, when the plains of Babylon and Ararat or Armenia were probably imdcr water. Araris a ri- yer of Gaul, the lower, flower or fide country water. Araxes a river of Armenia, the upper confines fiJc water. Arbciae or Jerby Cumb. the water part or habitation. i\.rbon in Suabia, pn the upper inclofeing water part. Area EfT. the fhut or con- finea [ '3 1 fines water. Archeus, the firft fpring or the firfl: principle or anima mundi of the chymifts, which feems to have feme cor- refpondence with the fpriugs of language. Archipelago, the chief iucJofeing water place. Archon, on the water part country. Ardert Ardes and Ardeth Ire. on the fide water part. Arden or Dean Gioc. Wnr. on the inclofeing water part, vale, foreft or wood. Ardmanoch Scot, on the fur- rounding water or Gcrnran fea fide part or country. Ardmor Ire. on the furrounding water or fea fide. Ardoch Scot, on the border v>'ater lide. Ardudwl N-Wales and Scot, on the divifion fpring water part fide. Ardulph, on the fpring water place fide Arduihie Scot, on the fpring part fide. Are or Arus Yorkf the fpring water or river. Areopagus, on the water part confines, fides, flreets, towns or cantons. Are- comici of Caul, the river upper confines or commots. Argen- tacoxus, on the Kentifli or inclofeing water confines or coafts chieftan. Arguile or Arguithel Scot, on the inclofeing fpring water place confines or fides. Argila Ire. on the fide water. Argo, on the fea confines. Aricia or Ariua a town of Italy and the wife of Ilippolitus, the lower country or the female. Aficonium, Archcnhcld or Kenchefter Heref. on the boun- dary or inclofing water confines, dwelling place or city. Arith, Erith or Meneg Corn. Camb. Kent, on the water fide or furrounding wa!;cr edge, and in a fecondary fenfe, a free paflage thro' a water or a ford. Arklow Ire. on the inclofe- ing water place. Arkley Yorkf. on the inclofeing water fide. Arlech or Harlech N-Wales, on the water place confines or rock.s. virlington, Ilarlington or Argenton Mid. Eff. Herts, on the confines or inclofeinsr water town. Armagh Ire. on the furrounding water confines. ArmanthwayteCunib. on the furrounding water or fea fide fpring Avater part, .haven or har- bor. Armc an iflaiid in the Britifli fea, on the furrounding water, as an arm on the body or furrounding part or of the fea. Armenia, the furrounding or high country or rocky parts. Armorice or Armorifa of Gaul, on the lower fea, the (ieiman being deemed the upper. A-rnus Italy, the inclofeing fpring water. Arctria or Lretria Greece, the fide or furrounding v/ater part. Arphaxad or Ch^ildea, on the cliviiicn (jr inclofe- ing water upper part. Arpina Greece, on the ineloicing part. Arran or Clota Scot. Ire. on the inclofeing water p^rt. Ar- ras G:ud, the lower or lower country. Ariol Scot, on the furr( un iing fpring water place. Arrow War. the furround- ing Ipring water. Ariha Itcdy, the fide or lower water. Ar- tabri Spain, on tlic water part coaft. Arthur, on the fide fpring water or river bcvcra. Arverni or Arwenii of Gaul, on [ H ] on t"hc inclofeing fprings or rirers- Anercgus or Arivogas GIoc. the inclofeing fpring water or river Severn confines or chicftan. Aran and Aruns a river cf SuIT and a foofhfayer of Italy, the inclofeing fpring or river fide. Arundcle, the Arun vale. Arvonia the infletlion of Armenia or Segont N- Wales, on the furrounding welLern water fide or the lower inclofeing water fide. Arufpex Augur or Aufptx a llonufli prieft, on the river fide part, the ufual places of meditation. Arwenack Corn, on the inclofeing fpring water confines or haven. Arwerton SufF. on the fpring water or livcr tov;n. Arwyfcll N-Wales, on the lower fpring fide u-atcr place. Jjence Arable, the earth dwelling piacc or poffefltd place ; Arbour, on the furrounding fpring water part; Arc or Arch, a covering, ihut, inclofeing, the chief or foremcfi; part; Ar- dent, on the inclofeing water part fide; Are, the (.arth and water, as Am is the furrounding earth; Area, the incloleing water or mote ufually furrounding dwelling places; Aienofe, the inclofeing water place fide or land; Arife, the lower fpring water; Arm, on the furrounding water or body part; Army, the body ; Around, on the inclofeing fpring fide; Arow and Arrow, on the fpring; Arrive, on the river; Arfe, the fide, the lower or feat part; Art, on the parts or things; Article, the inclofeing warer part fide fnuts, or joints ; Artery, the •water parts ; Arithmetic or number, on the lurrounding water parts; /Artillery, on the water place fide. Asaph N-AVales, the fea or lower water part. Afchafi'en- burgh on the lower Rhine, a burrow on the inclofeing water part Afcot Bucks, the lower furrounding water fide or wood. Aferby Line, the lov^er or fide water part or habitation. Afli- burn Afliburnham, and Adiburton Der. 8ufl". Devon, Berks, on the lower or fidefprinj; part, vale or town. A.fcalon a city of Palefline, the lower inclofeing water bank, lane or flreet» Afhdown, don or ton, Lane Yorkf. ElT. O.von, the lox'cr border or town. Alhele and Afhley Norf. the fide or lower water place. Aihelwell Thorpe Norf. the lower fpring -^ atcr place gate part. Alheridge Bucks, the lower ridge, hill or high confines or edge. Aihford-fted-v.'ell and wood Kent, Surry, N-ham, StafF. the lower ford or way, fliation, fpring water or dwelling place and wood. Afia or Acia, the chiei or firfl country or cities. AfJc and Afkcn Yorkf. a Saxon or the lower inclofeing water. Afkeadnith Sect, tl'^e lower wa- ter on the fide part. Afkerton Cumib. the lower c(/)ifines v/a- ter town. Allakton Nott. the lower w^ter place cor.fines town Afplev Goviix or Guife Bedf. the lower or fide ipring water place part. AlTsnlhire Scot, the incloiting fide or low- er [ r5 1 CT confines fliire. Afton, on the lower border or the lower to^vn. Aflalby Oxon, the lower fide water place part or a- bode. Afturia Spain, the lower water fide or country. Aft- \v8ll N-ham, the lower fide fpring water place. Hence As, the fides or lower parts ; Afcent, the lower water on the fide; Afcertain, the lower water border fide inclofeing; Afli, the lower, oak being the higher; Allies, the lower fide; Afhore^ the fiirrounding water part fide ; Afide, the fide or lower part ; Alk, the lower water confines; Aflant or Aflope, a low part on the fiile ; Afleep, the low part; Afpen, the head low; Afpire, the low part high ; Afs, the loweft bead or below the fide, as horfe is the higheft, or the high on the fide or feat ; AlTay, the low up or in action or fpring ; Aflent, the lov/er within the fide; Afi'ert, the lower water fide; AUcfsand Affize, the lower fide fct ibr the fupport and defence of the border or country; Affign, within the border; Afibciatc, at the lower confines water fide ; AlTuage, the lower fpring edge; Afliime, the low for the fide fpring; Afiurance, on the inclofeing fpring water fide, where there is fecurity ; Afthma, the furrounding fide low; Aftern, the inclofeing water lower fide; Afunder, the inclofeing fpring water fides. Atcourt France, at the furrounding fpring water fide. Aterith Camb. Ire. the water fide, way or ford. Aterton or Atherton War. Dur, the water lidc town. Athanaton, Tlianet or Tanet Kent, N- Wales, on the lower fide fpring. Athel- ny, Atheny and Etheling Som. Norf. the inclofeing fpring water place fide. Athens, the inclofeing water fide or below the water fide. Athie, Athlon and Athol, Scot. Ire. the fide fpring, the fide fpring bank and the fide fpring water place. Atilburrow Norf. the fide water place burrow. Atlas a moun- tain of Mauritania, on the lower water place or the tall. At- lantis ifland, at the lower water bank fide or ifland, which according to the defcription of it by the ancients, if it be not funk feems to be the weft of England, which they fuppoled to be an ifland feparated from the refl of this ifland. Atton or Auton Yorkf. Scot, the fpring fide town. Atifcoti a people o£ Britanny, at the lower water confines. Atticoti Scot, at the lower water confines fide or wood. Atr?e near the Euphi-atss^ at the fide water. Attrebati Berks, France, at the fide water part fide. Atfcar Yorkf at the lower border water or rock fide. Hence Athirft, at the lower water fide; Atiicletic, at the inclofeing water place fide ; Athwart, the fpring water fide which is acrois the fea fide ; Atilt, at the water place fide; Atom, the all furrounding parts or bodies ; Atone, the border inclofeing; Atop, the covciin* part; Atrocity, the furround- ing [ j6 ] ing water part lower fide j Attach and Attack, at the inclofc- ing water fide; Attain, the infide or coa{t •, Attend, at the end or inclofeing fide; Attcft, at the lower fpring fide; At- tire, upon the fide; Attitude, the fpring part fide; Attorney, on the border one ; Attracl and Attrition, at the confines wa- ter part. AvALONiA or Gladon Soni, on the fpring water place fide, bank or vale. Aubley and Aubery Wilts, the fpring water place. Audry or Audre Canib. the fpring water part. Avenniore Ire. the p;reat inclofeing fpring or river. Alvcn- ton or Alvington GIoc. on the inclofeing fpring water place town. Averham Nott. the river vate. AufonorAvon, an appellative of a river as appears under Aboyne. Augufla or London, the inclofeing fpring water fide coaft, ftreet or lane town. Augufloritum in France, the inclofeing fpring border way or ford. Aukland Dur. the inclofeing fpring water bank fide, land or water land. Aula, Aulau and Aulery of Tar- fus, Germany and France, the fpring water place fide bank, haven or hall. Auldby Yorkf. the fpring water place fide or an old part or habitation. Aularton Nott. a town on the fpring water place, Aulrc 8om. the fpring water place. Aulton, the fpring water place or old town. Aulfric or Al- fredfwic of the Wiccians in Wore, the fpring water confines or Wiccian Avater part fide. Aunlby Line, the inclofeing fpring fide part or habitation. Aufcley War. the fide fpring water place. Aufoba ire. the furrounding fpring part or a- bode. Auteri Ire. the fpring water fides. Auft, Auflin or Augufl, the fpring lower fide. Au or Aw, Awn and Aw- tanburgb Scot. J re. Hunt, the fpring, the inclofeing fpring, and a burrow below the fpring. Hence Avail, on the fpring; Avant, the inclofeing fpring fide ; Auelion, on the fpring water fide; Audacity, the fpring water part confines or chief- eft fide ; Audible, the fide fpring place of hearing ; Average, the inclofeing fpring edge, or a payinent made in Brittany and other parts of Gaul for fupporting and defending the boundary rivers; Avenge, the inclofeinadmanton or Badminller Qloc. the incloiing iprin.:; water part fide, abodg or town. Hence Bad, iVulge v.nd Badger, th;. fp^i^'ig P^rt ficlion at the meres and bail .cr^ piace of refort : Bafile, thq fpring otf the water place or fca. jBAgiNGTO^ War. a town on the inclofing Spring wateif D part, r .8 ] part. Bagmcre Chef, the Inclofing fpring water part lake. Hence Bag, the inclofing part ; Baggage, an aged bag ; Bag- nio, the inclofing fpring water part inn- Bainham Gloc. the inclofing fpring part vale or home. Baint, Baintbridgc and Bainton Yorkf. Devon, the inclofing fpring water part fide, bridge or town. Hence Bail, on the boundary place i Bait, the fpring fide part ; Bain, the fpring part within. Bake WELL Der. the inclofing fpring water dwelling place. Hence Bake, Baker and Bakeboufe, as the place of inclofing or putting water and meal together. Bala, Baladeilin or Fale N-Wales, the fpring water place, rale or village, and a village at the lake fide. Bala Curi and Bala Monin Jre. a vale, dwelling place or village on the fpring or fea borders. Baldock Herts, the border water place or vale confines Balin Tobar Ire. the border part v.'ater place fide or bank. Ealmerinock Scot, the fpring water vale or dwelling place meres on the fea. Balrodie, Baltarbet, Baltic and Bal- venie Ire. Scot. Germany, a vale or village on the water part or boundary part, the upper water place, and the fpring water places. Hence Bailif and Bailiwic, on the village or boun- dary water place; Balance, the fpring water place fides or banks which are equal; Balcony, a part on the confines water place; Bald, the water place fide, which is moftly barren: I'ale, the water part place; Ball, the all furrounding part; Ballad, the village fong; Balm, the furrounding vale place. Ban, Bana, Bany or Bean Line. Wales, Scot. Ire. the inclofing fpring water. Banatia Scot, the inclofing fpring fides. Banbury Oxon. the inclofing fpring part or burrow. Bangor, Banchor or Bonium N-Wales, on the inclofing fpring water part border, choir or monaftery. Banf Scot, the inclo- fing fpring water part. Bankyr or Bunks Scot, the inclofing fpring water bank fide or border. Banna Venna, Banomana or Weedon on the ilrcet N-ham Ire on the inclofmg fpring wa- ter fide part, ftreet or town, it being the ftrect along which the Veneti, Wenta or Vcnedota: made their migrations from eafl to weft, and thence the h:li\\ and Saxons called their coun- try Ban, Ben, Van, Wen, or a part inclofed by water, as well as Totidan and Trivolac, a country on the border or covering water fide or furrounded by water. Banockburn and Banwell Scot, and Som. the inclofin?; fpring water or dwelling place. Hence ijan, Bane and Bauifli, on, under or below tlic inclo- fing or boundary fpring part ; Band and Bandv, the fide in- cloiiug fpring part; Bang and Bank, the inclofinj; i]Ting part fides or ac\ion j Banner, oil the inclofing 'prlng nut or a river 2 vane ; [ J9 1 vane; Banjan, the upper inclofure; Bannock, tlie fprin^ in- clofnig or baking breaci ; Banquet, at the fide ot the confines fpring water; Banter, the inclofing fpring water; Bantling, the inclofing water place fpring part; Baptiim, the babe below the furrounding water part. Baram Kent, the furrounding water. Barbacan Midd. the water inclofing or bar fliutting part. Barbury-den-ford Wilts, Line. N-Wales, Yorkl". War. the fpring water part or bar bur- row, vale and ford or way. Barking or Berking Eff. N-Wales, the inclofing fpring water or bar part. Barkley, Som. Gloc. Lcic. the inclofing fpring water or bar place. Barkfhire, Ber- cheria or Attrebati, the fpring water border or bar fide (hire. Barnet Midd. the bank, hill or inclofing bar on the fide. Barn- well Camb. N-ham. Ire. the inclofing fpring water part or bar dwelling place. Barodon or Bariden Norf Rut. N-ham. at the furrounding fpring water part or bar fide. Barray or Bar- rey Leic. Wales, Scot, on the water or bar part. Barfa, the fea water part. Barton a parifh in W mor. on the fpring water part or bar fide, farm or barton. Hence Bar, the water part or fpring water part; Barb the bar part; Barbarous, the bar part below or at its fide, as fliut like cattle or wild beafts out of the community ot rational beings; Barbel, the bar wa- ter place; Bard, the bar fide, who was originally the baron or patriarch but afterwards became the Druids recorder; Bare and Baren, on the water part, which is always bare; Barely, the water part, bar or mere place; Bargain, the bargain; Barge and Bark, the fea bar or river vefl'el ; Barley, on a bar- ren place ; Barm, covering or furrounding the fpring water part; Barn, the lliut part; Barnacle, on the inclofing water place confines; Baron and Barony, on the inclofing water part or bar ; Barrifter, belov>r the bar lide ; Barter on the water part fide, where the fairs and markets were held Baronies fccm to derive their origin from the firlt divifion of huid by rivers and banks, which mud be very ancient, and Barton fecms to be a lefler divifion of baronies into farms. Bas Scot, an ifland, Iklc or a lov/ water part. Bafcpnie Ire. an ifland, low or ihallow water ]i]jce. Balliam Norf. tiie water part fide vale or home. Bafin^ltoke Hants, the lower confines water part flaiion or feat. Baiingwerk N-Waks, the lower fpring water confmi'S. Haile or Blellium Hcref the uAs. or low fpring v.-ater place. Baltcinig Scot, a low rurt at the fea fide. Baltitania Spain, the coalt on the lower wMcv part f.de. Hence Bale and Bafhful, a low part; Bafiiaw, the fprin^; iidepart; Bafis and Bafs, the lower jart; Bailard, a b.ifc fide D 2 ijni:ig [ 20 1 fprhigpart; feade, the lower fide part j Baftion, on the l6\vef fide part. Batavia, Batavodorum or Holland, the fide fpring xvatcf part way, ftreet or gate on the high furrounding fpring Avatef place hank fide or land. Baterfea Surry, the fide fpring watei" pdrt or ifland. Bath, Batherton, Bathgate and Bathftone Som. Chef Scot, the fide fpring water part fide gate or town fiencc Bat, Bate, Batement, Bath, Bating, Battery, and Battle, the fide fpring part. Bavaria or Boiaria In High Germany, on the furrounding fpring water part or the country of the Boii, a Gaulifh nation fettled on the D?.nube. Bavoid caflle Kent, the fpring water part fide caflle. Bauli Italy, the fpring water place Bawd* ley haven SufF the fpring water part at the fea or an haven^ Baw or Bew caftle Scot, the water fprings or quick fands caflle, Hertce Bavin, an inclofcd fpring part of wood ; Bawble, the \vater place fpring part) bubble or water bladder ; Bawd, th« fide fpring part of the game; Bawl, the high or call fpring part 5 Bay, the fprirtg water part, a fpring part or fea at the fpring part and its colour. Beachy SufT. the fpring water part confines. Beamfleet EfT. the furrounding fpring water part flood. Beaumarea N-Waics, the fea fide fpring water parts or quick fand marfh. Bcaulieu Hants, the wood fpring part on the river place. Beau- mannor park I.eic. the manor or border fpring water part. Beaudlev or Beawdley Wore, the fpring water part fide place, Bebba N-hum. the ebbing water part. Hence Be, the fpring part of things or life; Beach and fJeak. the fpring water part confines; Beacon, on the beach; Beadle, on the fpring water fide ; Beam, the furrounding fpring parts of light, water, fcales or ipringing timber; Bean, an incioftd or fhut fpring part; }5ear, on the fpring; Beard, on the fide fprings, Beaf!, the lower fpring of animals; Beat, the fpring part at the fea or fide; Beau, a fpring part man; Beaver, the fpring water part ; Beauty, the fpring or fpring water fide part Bec, Beck or Beg, the confines fpring Avnter part. Becket- hi!l, the confines fpring water paitfide or hill. Beckford, the fpring water part ford or way. Beckcnfgill LanC. the confines fpring fide v/ater place. Hence Become, the furrounding wa^' ter confines or common fpring part ; Becaufe, hv or to be the ronfines water part nfe; hecliance, bycliance; f'icck, Beckon and Beg, from beak and beacon ; Begin, the fpring aclingin; Beget, the fpring part at the water confines or fea fide. l^i'DAL Yorkf on the fpring water place fide, iicde a vc* r.crablc Engljlh hiflurian, who flourifhed in 694, tlic fpring part t at ] part fide, att abode Qt atbot. Bederic atid Betonx, ttic icing*s abode. Beddington Surry, the fide fpring part or bedding lown. Bedford, Lettidur or Lifwider, the fprilig fide part way or ford, place or palace. Bedtford Devon, the fpring part fide ford way or abodCi Beddingfield 8ufF the inclofing fpring Water part fide dwelling place. Bedwin WiltS) the inclofing fpring water part fide, abode or bed. Hence Bed, the fpring part fide or an abode ; Bedawb or Bedaggle, the bed or fpring part at the Confines water place; Bedewj the fpring part fide wateri Bees Cumb. the fpring water part fide, cell or dwelling place. Beechworth Surry, the fide fpring Avater part confines or by the beech or fpring water part bank. Hence Bees, the fmall inclofing fpring part or beings; Beech, the fpring confines parts ; Beet, the bee at or at the fpring part ; Beeves or Beuves, the fpring part fide parts or animals; Befall, the fpring part on the water place; Befit, the fpring part pit 5 Before, the fpring part On the hirrounding water part -, Befriend, the l^^ring water part on the fide; Behalf, the fpring part half ; Behave, the fpring part haven or fiielter; Behead, the fpring part head} Behind, to be on the fpring on the fide; beheld, to be on the high water place fide; Behoof, of the fpring parrs or profits; Being) fpringing or living. Belishanon Ire. on the lower inclofing fjv.ino; water place. Belerium, Antivaifteum or Helenuni, the iitmoil; promon- tory of Corrit\'a}, on the farthcft or the fids^ water place. Be- lefmc, iiclifliama or Bhibel Lane, the lo^efl or farthefi fur- rounding water place or river. Belgae, Belke or INIorini of France, Hants, Wilts, Som. Ire. the water pjace or farthcfl: water confines nn tlie inclofing v«'ater vale or low country, the Beli^ae being a branch ot the Cumbri Gaili or dwellers in vales ftnd the radical b in bale or bele by its infle'ar. the fpring wa- ter part ioidi or way, hi!l, vale or home ftation and water con- fines vale or dwelling place. Bergos or Bergx, the iurrounding or fea water part. Bernard Cafiie Dur. on the inclofing or ipi ing water pr^rt fide caflle. Bcrnieia, on the incloling fpring water part upper confines, as deira, is this fide of the divifion water or Tyne ; the former kingdom in the time of the Saxons exten- te.nding from the l^yne to the frith of Kdinburgh and the latter [ 23 ] Jntter from the Tyne to the Humbcr. Beridale Scot, the fpnng water part vale. Bernfwale Scot, the inclofing Tpring water part vale. Berigonium or Bargeny Scot, on the Spring water part confines. Berybank Staff, the river bank. Beryficld Bucks, the river dwelling place. Berfelin Staff, the river fide bank. Berllaple Devon, the river ftation place Bertha or Perth Scot. the river fide part or grove. Berton Staff, the river fide town. Berubium or Bcru vScot. N-Wales, the fpring water part or abode. Berwick, Borcovicus or Aberwic N hum. the fpring water part confines, ftreet, fortification or harbour; and in ancient charters Ecrwic was a law term, by which the privi- leges of the border waters belon>iing to townfliips were con- veyed or granted. Bery Pomery Devon, the fpring water part on the furrounding water or fea part. Hence Berry, on the water part, as belonging to the Britons, as apples did to the dwellers in vales or the Gauls from whence they were deno- minated by the Gauls a vale or a fale. the infieclion of apple. Besile Hants, the fpring v.-atcr fide or lower place. Befon Spain, the furrounding fpring fide or lower part. Befoicus an ifland of Bithynia, the lower or ifland water part. Hence Be- (idc, the fpring part or by the fide; Bcfiege, the fpring part edge; Befmear, the fpring fide furrounding water part; Be- fot, the furrounding fpring part i\dc; Befl, the fpring part lower fide; Beliir, the fpring part lower fic'e water. Beth AM W-mor. the fpring part or river fide vale or home. Bethlem Midd. on the furrounding fpring water place fide. Bethefiey GIoc- the fide fpring part lower place. I3ethmefley Yorkf the fide fpring part ndddle v/ater place. Betorix, Be- terice or St. Edmundlhury Suff. tlie upper border fpring part. Betus N- Wales, tlu; fpring part iide, h.oufe or abode. Hence Bet, the fide fpring, BcthraJ, on the fide fpring water part; Betray, from thj fide ipring part ; Dt-tter, tlie fide fpring part water; Between and Betwixt the wuicr within the fpring part fides. Bku or B'.'.cth cafilc Cnmb. the fpring part fide caftle. Bevercy Vv'orc. tlie coTiiint^ IjMiM;^ water part. I*everlcy Yorkf. the fpring v.-atcr pa; : place. ?5cvcrilon Gloc. the fpring water part fide towr,. iicvcr> caPde Lev:, tlie fpring water fide caille. * Bevis tower Sm^ thi; rJvcr fiile tower. Hewdley Wore, the fpiii'g ["-irL fide or (Iv.'cilia;^ plnrc. Bewared, an ex- chanoeof w.ircs !>ctv.-ixt tlie Sr.:::p.;- a::d Hrito:v;, on the fpring: w:itcr part iidc. Hence Bevj], tb_' fpring water pr:ce: Be- veraj.;e, the f,? ring w;'.tT part e !gc ; Ley'v, the l;>r!r.g pni'iis or bv'itig- ; I'cwuii, the Inrii i^ laitv/.iler i l-:cc; IjCV.Mri.', on the ij^riiig water pa.t; Bev/ito!^., tl:c f rivj ct.'U.Oncs tart edge: l.iv, ell IS -hun% [ ^5 ] K-huiTi. die faring water dwelling place. Blxbrond, Oxori, the f 'ring water part coniines on the hill fide. Hence Bit, hite^ Bitter and Hittern, the fide spring water i.art, which fe, aratcs and mixes witli the fea. Hi.A; KAMoRE, Blackburn, Blacklow, Blackmere, Black Moui]::un, tlacknefs, Ijlackney and Bjacktaii-point Yorkf. l^orfct. Lane. AVar. Siiloji, 8 AVales, Scot. France, Norf. Jj.fTex, the inclofing water, i. ring water, low or black moore, neighbourhood, vale, nicie or boundary, mountain, promon- tory, conhnes or coaft rcibn Bladin hills Ire. tbeinclofing Ipring water place (Ide I)iils. Hlaen Leveny N- Wales, the incioiing f.;ring water place. Hlandibrd Dorfet, the inc'ofing 1 ring hvle ford or way. Blank CalUe S-Walcs, the inclofing f ring water place coniines or water bank caflle. Blankeney or Biankveney Line Gloc a part 0!i tlie inclofing fpring water place (jlath Staff the ibie f .lin r place. Blatherwic N-ham. the fide fpring water |,lacc conbncp, llreet or fortifiecl part, J-Jlatuni, BuLium or Huln;f;> Cumb. the llde water place bulge, jut or promontory. Hence Black, a fiiut or low place; Black- maile, the middle or border fpring water place confines or a payment made to the border keeper in Dur. N-hum. Cumb. and W-mor; Bladder, the fide fpring water place part; Blade, the fpring plice fide; Blanch and blank, on the fpring water place coniines or bank; Blafl tlie fpring water place lower fide; Blaze, the f de fjiring water place. Blechingoon' Oxon. tlie inclofing fprbig vrater place town. Blencarn, Blencov.' and Blenkeniop W mor. and Cumb. on the inclofing Ipring water place confines, bank or bill and fouth part. Jjlellium, Mean or old town Heref t!ie fide fpring water place, the i.nclohng fpring water place or old i^wu. Bletfo or Bletniibo i^edt'. the iurr^junding fp'ing wa- t:*r place fide. Bletlien Clolib., Caer BallaJur or oath. Soni. on the fide fpring lA-.itc!- place I'hut or tiie city of Pallas or Mi- r.erva a tutel «.r dciry ot tiie Jprings. /\s to the ancient tradition that tlioie Ipiln^s weri' ili:c;;vered by a Briliih king of this il;i!;ie, it mult aiiude to llercuies tlie t-lcanfer ofthei^ugeau ibible by drawing thro' it the river Alpheu^., wh.ofe image wv.s I'.umd on the walls there, iience blcuclu Bleak, lilen- and i.']t.at, the fpring vvatei- place conf.ncii; Bicmilb, below the furrounding fpiing wr.rer ;:l '.ce ; Blend, tlie spring water jdace in the fuie; tdelo, tlic ipiing f owing on the lov/er place > Blew, the water place fpiing. BLisVv'oiiTf-i N-ham. by the fjovv-ing fide water fpring. Biitli Sutf. Noit War .S;a!;'. N'-huni the lide foving fpring part. l.UiJiheld and TJith Buriow i'laiK. and 6v.il'. the fdo i- iluwing flowing fprmj part clweHinw place or burrow. Hence BfnuTy without the internal fpring of light; Blifs, the light fpring flowing on the lower parts ; Biiftcr, the water part below or at; the fule of the fpring water place; lilith, the fide flowing fpring part. Bloodgate near I5rancaft.er Norf. the furrounding water place fit'e or flood gate or way. As to the herb ebulum found here, and fuppofed to have been callctl Danes blood from forne great flaughter of the Danes in this place, it, like various other conjeclures lounded merely en a wrong derivation of namc«, fecms to be a very great miftake ; for Dan's blood in the Anglo Britiih language fignifies at the ilood fide, i^dorehcath Stafl". a heath on the furroimding fprinu water place. Hence Bloat, the furrounding fpring water place fide; jjiock and Blockade, the furrounding fpring water place iliut; Blood, the fide fur- rounding fpring water place; Bloom, Blow and liloffom, the flowing ipring water place around; Blot, the furrounding wa- ter place or fpot. Blundel and Blunt, the inc'ofing fpring Avater place fide or vale. Hence Blubber, fpringinii up the w.iter part , Blue, the fpring of light part ; Blulf, the fpring water place huil'; Blunder, the fpring w.iter place under; Blunt the fprins; wa- ter p'ace unto; Blur, the fpring water p'ac?; Blui'h, the fpring water place low; Blulkr, on the fpring water place fide part. BoADicHA or Bonduca queen of thelfcenr, the Kentlfli fide or Ifceni furrounding water part or habitation. Boekin?, Kent, the Kentifl) inclofing water confines. Hence Bo, the circle or furrounding water part; Boar, on the furrounding- water part; Board, on the furrounding water part fide; Boafl, iit the furrounding water part fide; Boat, at the furrounding water part; Bob, the furroundin;:; water part ipring part. Bod or Bodiam Suff. Oxon. Gloc Wales, the furrounding water part fide, abode or llation. Bodincomaeus Ita'y, the furrounding water part in the vale. Bodionti in France, on the furrounding water part fide or vale. Bodotria Scot, the furrounding water part fide border port or haven. Bodmin Corn, the furrounding water part edge or the mining habita- tion. Bodowen, Boduacus, Bodovvir, Bodvari and Boduni or Wicci, Wales, France, Oxon. Gloc. the furrounding fpring water part, fea or marfli fide, abode or ftation. Bo^.ehi:t Scot, the furrounding water confines at the hid fiiie. Hence Body, the furrounding part either of man or a country ; Bog, the furrounding water part conuncs; Boil, the furrounding water part h'jt Hood. 7 Bold [2/] B^oLD Lane, on the furrcunding water part fule. Rolebec Bucks, on the furrounding water place spring water part. Bo en or Bo'in France, Chef, the furroundinT water jnut or i\-d bank Bo tcby and Bolton N-hum. Yorkf. and Bold and Uo't, on the furrounding water pait iide and town. Bom ARii Italy, on the lea furrounding water parts. Bo- hemia, the high furrounding water part edge or fide. Hence Bomb, the furrounding water part fpring part, as a river dif- charging into thefea. BoNBURY or Yv^odenfliurg Wilts, a dwelling or burrow on the furrounding water part. L'ongey Suff. the conhnes on the furrounding water part. Bonvillc or Fionwed Heref. a ipring water dwelling place on the iurrounding water part, iionium or Bangor und Bonn N-Wales, Germany, on the furrounding water part. Hence Bo/id, the iurrouiuling or inclofing water part on tlic fide ; Bene, in the furrounding part; Bonny, a fpring in the Kirrounding parts; Bonfire, a lire in the furrounding parts. BoRDARCorn. on th.e furroundin.g water part or fea fide or border, iiordarii, the borderers, or thofe who defended them under the borrow holder or licad burrow. Boreum or Venic- nium, the Ipring on the Iurrounding water or fca part or a lia- vcn. BorC'lloncfs Scot, a town on the lower furrounding wa- ter part or border. Jiorth ami Borthwic N-Wa!es, Scot, on the furrounding water part fide, port, flreet or fortification. PJorvvic or Borovicus N-hum. a itreet, fortification or haven on thefea fide at the river iTiOulh. Near here at Pont Eland, or the fiu-rounding fpring part bank fide or land, the P^omans according to their ufual pri-clice of placing thofe of the fouth- erii part;, over the north and. tliole of the north over the fcMuh parts, fiationed a coh.ort 'A' tlie Cornavii, as they did the Dal- matian horfo which had been railed here amongft the Tvne Meataf, at Bruneafier in Norfolk under the count of the Saxc-n lliore, and Irom whom the dales, vale dwellers or Cumberi of England, 8cr,tland and Wales in a great meafure derive their origin; the notion of the PvOinans drawiiig thofe levies from the continent being entirely gioundlef-, lince the peojde ap- pear to be the oiigiii.d j-Lniler-; c{' liril.iin. 1 leuce Book, Boom, Boot and jjotii, a.s b( ing parts fi;rroun(iii;',>; cr cover- ing -, i^ir.'.er, tivj iiuroimding v. atcr p-.irt Ui'c ; i'lcre, the firing to the i\ii-rovnidin;r wiiter part or fci't; J.orea!, tiie imper bortler; [*orn, in tlie bonier; Borough, tiiC bordjr lp;in'j ecn- Imes or dv.'elliiu: jshice. I'oscHAJN' ^coc. the furrounding wa.i-er j^^.rt or iVa fide conlinc.) or inclofing p.un. Hofchani, Beiltoo, Boliieriion, I^ 2 Bol- [ 28 ] Bofphorus, BoHack and HofAorth Sufi". Line. Wa'es, Chef. Leic. the furroiintiing uuicr pert or fca fn'e vaie, town, lower \vay, ftation and fide Ipririg water or river. Hence iJofcage, Bolbai and Boibii, as being on or about the iea fide. BoTHWEi.L Scot, the furrounding water part fide fpring or dwelling place. Botha! cnftle N-hum. or Glanaventa, a e-idle on the iurrounding water fide or the fpring water bankc cr coafts; where the Romans placed a garriion of the Morini, Yeneti or Venta Belgarum. Hotoiph or Botle a town I'eated on both fides the river Witham in Norfolk, and Bottlebridee Hunt, a part, dwelling or bridge on the furrounding water part fides, or an abode. Botontines N-bam. an abode on or the border or inclofing water fide. Hence Botany, on the fur- rounding water part fide; Botch, the furrounding water part fide edge; Both, the furrounding water part fides; Bottle, on the furrounding w^ater part fide or the abode place; Boticai^ about the furrounding water part fide. BovERTON, Bovium or Cowbridge S-\Vales, the fpring furrounding water part town or inclofing fpring water part edge or bridge. Bovinda, Boandus, Buvinda or Boyne Ire. ^ part or country on the furrounding fpring water edge or fide. Bowes and Bowland Yorkf. Lane, the furrounding fpring wa- ter part fide, bank and bankfide or land. Boxhill andBoxley Surry, Kent, the furrounding water part bill or place. Bovle Ire. the iurroundinir water part place. Hence Bouge, Bouch, Bounce, Bound anvi Bounty, as fpringing beyond the furround- ing or body part; Boufe, the furrounding fpring fide; Bow, the furrounding fpring part; Bowels, below the furrounding part or body; Bower and Bowl, on the furrounding 1. ring part ; Box, the furrounding water confines part or man ; Boy, the furrounding fpring water part. Brabant a dutchy of the Low Countries, the water part fide, a bottom or low country. Brachium or Brachy and Brachley Yorkf S-Wales, N-ham. the water part confines or jnclofing place. Bradburn Der. the inclofing fpring water fide or country. Bradenham Bucks, a vale below^ the water part fide. Bradeuflon or Briteudun Wilts, a town below the fide w^ater part. Bradford-gate-ing-ley-llon and Waniin, Wilts, Yorkf. Leic. Hants, Gloc. S-^Vales, the water part fide or fide water part ford, gate, confines, place, town in- clofing fpring fide. Brae of Mar Scot, the couritry cf JNJar, or the furrounding water or fea fide. Brage, Brigx or Brough- ton Hants, Yorkf the inclofing water confines j^aits or coun- tries Braibrooke N-ham. the water part, rotten or broken jbrooke. Braich y ddinas Vv'ales, the part above the cmv. Braid [ 29 ] Braid Albcu Scot, the country along or at the Cule of the hilly ends. Brakcnbec and Brakenfey Yorkf. vScot the brookc and fea confines water part. Bramhope, Bramiflt and Bramton Yorkf. N-hum. the furrounding water part fprinc; part, fide or town. B'an, Bren, Breany or BrynNorf. N-Wales, Ire. on the incloflng water part, hill, cell, baron, judge or king. Biancaller or lifanodunum the inclofing water pa.t hill, for- tification or city. Brandenbirgh in Germany, a burrow be- low the inclofing water part. Brandon bJalo:), on or above the inclofing water part fide. Brandrith or Galaber W-mor. the incloling or fpring water pkcc fo.d or haven. B'anos^enium or Worcelier, the inclofing water part confines or hill. Branf- ford on Watling-ftreet Lcic. the inclofing water part fide way or fod. Branfpeth caftle Dur. a cafi:le on the inclofing water or hill pa't. Branten, Branxton and Braunton Salop, Norf. Devon, a town below the inclofing water part. Bratton, SufF- a town at the water part fide. Brawerdin Devon, on the fpring water part fide. Bray or Brey Ire. Berks, the fpring water part. Hence B.ace, the Avater part fimt; Brackifii, the fpring water part lower confines ; B'ad, the water part fide; Brag, the water part confines; Braid, the fide water part; Brain, the infideor internal pait or water part; Brake and Bramble, the water confines or furrounding part?; Bran, the inclofing part; Branch, the inclofing water part confines or divifions ; Brauil, the inclofing water part or fide mere, which is a mark of the boundaiy; Brafs, the Icfiei water pa t; Brave, the fp'inj water part or part; brawl, on the f.^ing water i art ; Brawn, the animal inclofing or fide pa;t; Bray, the fpring water part. Brechim and Brechinoc or Lovcntium Scot. S-Walcs, the inclofing fpring water part confines or the Vcncti or \'^cnedotiau furrounding water place confines or the Yenta Silurum. Breede and Brceden Sull". W^ilts, the fpring water part fide, dt:n or vale. Breich .Scot, the upper fpring water part. Brem- ber Sufi", the furi-ounding fpring water part. Bremeifium or r)ranipton X-huni. the furromuling Ipring water part town. Bremelonacum or Overburrow l-^anc the furrounding fpring water town or burrow. Bredaincuni Mare, the Biitifii fea, anil ikedan or Brvdan fcenis to be the proper nanie ol Bri- tain. I'remcn in Gcrmanv, on the furrounding fpring water part. Brcinicl'.,mi or Birmingham War. the lurrounding Ipring water part confnies \.ile or dwelling pl :ce. Brendam iScor. Ire. belf)\v the inelofuig inring watrr part. Brennus king ot the \'ciieti oi" Ciaul, vvlio conquered manv nations aiul ranlacked Home, a judge, chieltan or king from his guanling the [ 30 1 the confines and determining difputes on a hill. Brent, Brent- knoU-marfh tor-wood EfT. Midd. 8om. Devon, the fpring wa- ter part on the fide, border hill, marfli, town or wood. Bre- flaw Germany, the fpring water part fide place. Bretagn, Britain, Bredan or Brydan, the inclofing lower or fide water part coaft. Bretenham or Combfetonium SulF. a vale below the water part fide. Breton Italy, on the water part fide. Betwell or Bretevil Berks, the water part fide fpring or dwel- ling place. Breulais caiUe Gloc. the fpsing water place fide caftle. Breva or Brivse, the fpring water parts. Brewood Staff, the fpring water part fide or wood. Hence Breach, Breech and Break, the confines or inc!ofing water part ; Bread, at the water part ; Breadth, the water part at the fides or from fide to fide ; Brcafl, at the water part fide ; Breath or Breeze, at the water part fide or wind ; Breed, at the fpring part; Breviate, the fide fpring water parts j Brew, the fpring water part. Briareus a Titan fo called by the gods but amongd men ^ligeon, the lower country fpring water parts or fides. Bridc- kirk and Bridfalle Cumb. Yorkf. the fide fpring water part together with the fea border and the fpring water lower part. Bridge-ford-north-water Starry, Salop, iSom. the ford, north and ipring water part, confines or bridge. Bridlington and Bridport Yorkf. Dorfet, the confines or Hde water place town or port. Brigantes, Birgantcs or Blani of Dcira or ]3ur. Yorkf. W-mor. Lane. Cumb. and of Pontieu in France, Spain and Ireland, the inclofing water part or Kentifii confines or coafts, who feem to be a mixture of Cumberi and other Bri- tons. Brigantium or York, the inclofing water part fide or city of the Brigantes. Brigcafi:erton, Brightfiow and Bright- helmft:ed Rut. Gloe. SuiT. the confines water part fortified town, ftation and fea ftation. Brill or Bury hill Bucks, the fpring water part place or hill. Brim, the water part rim or edge. Brinklow War. the fpring water place brink or edge. BrifUeton Som. a town on the lower water part fide. Briitol or Brifiiow Som. the lower water border or ftation place. Bri- tanhuis, faid to be a watch tower built by the emperor Clau- dius on the fea coaft of Gaul, the fide fpring houfe or dwel- ling place below the water part fide. Brittain, Bcritan, lire- tan, Bredan or Brydan, the inclofing, lower or the fide water part coaft or country or on the lower or water part fide or coait. A name given to this ifiaml, or tli;it part of it which lies oppo- fite to the French coall, by its firlt Celtic planters, after vlioir ufual manner of naming countries by the naiurc oi the fitua- tion, as appears by fuch of them as are here defined. As a fpecimen ^ . f 3' 1 fpecimen of our belnjr grofsly mifled from the truth by ouf antiquaries and etynioloj^ifts, we preiume here to fubmit Mr. Camden's explication of the name of our country to the confi- dcration of the public. He labours hard to derive the name of our illand from its painted inhabitants, and endeavours to flievr that all countries were denominated by the names of its inha- bitants; as Media, Periia, Saxonv, England, Scotland, Bel- gium and ibme others, and that the liritons were accuftomed to paint their bodies ; for fays he, almofl all the ancient Eri- tiflt names partook fomcwhat of a colour, as Cogidunus, Ar- gentacoxus and Scgonax of the red; Mandubratius, Cartif- nvaziJua, Togodunnuis and Bonduca of the black; Venutius :md Imanucntius of the white ; Vellocatus, Carvillus and Suella of the wateriih colour; Cunirjlafas of the blue; Cunge- torix and Arviragus of the golden colour; Prafutagus and Ca- raclai-us from a lively or briik colour; and Adminius trom the vermilion, beiidcs other currcr.t hritifh names, as, Gwin, white; Coch, red; Luid, brown; and J)u, black. The an- cient Britons, fays he, who were thus accuftomed to paint their bodies, in order to diflinguilb thcnifeives from their ancfitors the Ciauls, named tiieir country Jnlih-tan, the country of the painted men, as other nations were aecultomed to do, accor- tling to ttieir natures, inclinations, culloms and employments; as, the lonians from Javan their founder, tlie Ifraelites from lirael, the Chananites from Chanan the fon Ol Cham, the Iberi as being miners according to the Hebrevt' derivation, liie Heneti as being wanderers, the Nomades as being buued about cattle, tlie (jcrmans as being warlike, the Franks as tlicy were free, the Panonians from their pannas or long fleeve cloth coats, th'; ylvLJiiopinns from their blacknefs, and the Albans (vom llvAc w'lile hair. And that the Greeks, who traded here tor tin, added tania to Ih'ith, as being cxpreihve of a region, as in" Mauritania, l-ulifania, I urditania and Ha(H- tntiia, the country of the rviruni, J>uii:s, Turdi and tialli, like Dcinuark, a ccjnipound of the Dauilh and the Gcrn^.ai\ word Tvlarch, a bound, iiy or limit. Our autb.or's conjcclurca ix-iug thus wholly groun;!cd on the d^'iiviiions of names, our rc- terring the reader to lliv'ii' e\u.i(.,-ti;..n,s in their proper places iniglit fuihee for his conlut.uiLM!, iLiee tlu'v elearlv dil'provc all that he has ad\ance:.i, an.! '.hew that couiitries and pi.u t:s were iull named a;:er ihL'ir n.ituie, t :; LiHp.iiance-; a:;d ii(.'jatii.)ti, and thence i, aliens and perie;,;- ; ?\iA that llii^ acciiltoaicd vj vaiy :r t;.:;i:.'ie C 32 ] the original into their own diale61s, as was the cafe with Den- mark, which at fird in the time of the Cimbri wert by the name of Cimbrica Cherfonefus, the Chimbrian promon- tory; afterwards Wetallahccd, a compound of Engiifli and Welfh, fignifying water all along; llnce Jutland or Gutland, the water confines or Goth pofleihons ; and now Dania or Ta- nia, the inclofing or lower water part, of the fame fignificati- on as Tan in Britain and not a region; and Brith is a ruifet colour or an intire natural mixture of red and white with black, different from the colour of glaftum, and neither of which could be a very proper colou'- lor painting on fome of the ancient liri- ti(h canvafs, but all that can be polhbly imagined in this ref- pe£l feems to be, that the fandy Pids of Scotland, to whom the cuftom of painting has been chiefly imputed by the general run of hiftorians, ami wliom the Romans confulered as a dif- ferent nation from the Britifi-i, miglit, in order to appear the more amiable to fome of the fouthcrn inhabitants, ilain their fkins or ikin garm.cnts with i:ljflum. It may be alfo infifteJ from Polybius, Civlar, Diodorus, I'acitus and others, that a confiderable part of Armorican Gaul went by the name of Brittany in their days, without any mention made of their painting their bodies; and that C;.tfar, the firft broachcr of this (lory as well as invader of the country, who could have but a very imperfecf notion of the cuftoms, manners or lan- guages of the Britons, mud have been milled as well as Mr. Camden, by miftaking the meaning of thofe fuppoltd names of colours; or m.aliciouily forged the Ilory v.dth a view oi pal- liating his unjufl; invanon of the country, like many other Ro- man forgeries as to the culioms and manners of the chief Celtic nation, very unlike their other cniloms ; as, that the Britons, inftead of animsl compenfations, fic.ificcd in their wicker bailcet, innocent men and not beidfs, or ticlinquents againfl the Druid religion ; that they were accuftomed to pro- mifcuous concubinage, as having in thofe days of fimplicity no apartments in their houfes, anymore than many of the prefent Britons, who are not thereiorc to be ciiarged wiih lb heinous a crime; that they went naked, as they ufually flripped, like the Gauls, when they engaged in battle or were employed at their daily labour; or that th(.;v were cloathed only in the Ikins of beads, though tlu-ir o'.vn J!i!l.orians iniorm us that the nioil rlienified wore line lou;^ g;irmcr.r,-;, giidies, and golden rings, b'^acelets and other crnann-nts; nv.d that they fed on hunran fledt, when they abltained trcnv. that of animals, and as tliey nrofeiled Druidifm, ly.uU have beeii p o'lilnted the ui'e oi ani- Tiul food. But if we compare ih.oie accounts with the prin- ciple* [ 33 ] ciples and practice of the Djuids, in other refpe^s, as their notions in jJiyijcs and rtietai. hy'lcs, the immortality and tranf- migration of Ipirits, in a future; ftate of rewards and puniih- ments, aflronomy, gcogra. hv, languages, and vaiious other blanches of the arts and fciences, vvc can give but little credit to thofe traducers of the llritilh antiquities and in\aders of the country. Befides, as the Rom.an hiitorians confidered the Britons and Pitts as diftinci: nations, and they charge only the Pidls with the culloni of painting, it feems mote probable that our ifland would have been named Piclland than Britain, or Britland or the painted country, but fo far is it irom being true that countries have been named from the complexion of the inhabitants, or their cuftom of painting, or any other cufloms, that thofe cuftoms and qualities all boiiow their names from thofe of the countries, as appea:s by their definitions in this woik. It may not perhaps be improper here once for all to ob' ferve, with refpe£l to the inveftigation of the origin of nations from their names of perfons and places, that all names being originally ajpehative, and ferving to defcribe rather than to denominate a ocople, they as fuch can aft'ord no fort of aflifl- ance therein, but as diltin^l geneiical names O' 'adicals, in- vadably made ufe of by diifeient clans and nations, and em- ployed as the models and ground wo k ot their reipeclive dia- lers, they ferve to defc;ibe and diPLinguifli the. fevcal nations and tribes of every colony and country. Hence, for inftance, we are iurniihcd with fufhcient tiaces of the ') itan, Phrygian, and Kritifh migrations aloni: the Mediterranean, bpanilh, Ar- morican, and German lea coails. And of their being' thofe "whom Bochart and fome others fuppofed to be Greeks and Phoenicians; and for difcovermg that they nuide their migra- tions through thofe feveral countries into i^ritain not long af- ter the deluge; leaving colonies in their way for plantation and cultivation on the fea banks, promontories, and tops of moun- tains, in the days of Jupiter, Pluto, and Mercury, before the vales, flats, and midland countries were drained by rivers, cuts, and banks, -and liad recovered the ill effedls oi- the deluge and were fit for cultivation ; fo as to e.iable any to inhabit the vales, plains, viikges, and cities, or to fucceed in their fuc- ceffive inland migrations; as appears by the ridges, trees, flats and inclofures on the to^i-s of mountains, and trees, bogs, ihcUs and filh bones in midland parts of the earth. In the fame manner we may fee this firfh weftward migration fucceeded by another of the Celtes, Iberi, Celtiberi, Silures, Guiihels, Ca- ledonians, Gciions, Greeks, and Germans, the planters of F groves. [ 34 ] groves, trees nnd vineyards , that the fuTt inlan-l ir.ii^raiiorrS "Vvcre of the Commatas or dv,-eiicrs in vales oi' villages, vho, retaining the fame vicinity, (iurcctl forwards in ii:r(.rts cr aJIeyis along the fide of rivers, v/hich thev had made, aTid, v/cre thence narried GaHia Commata or the Gaulidi Conirrots or Cantons; and that all thofe on their arrival in ancient Celtic;; toalcfced with the Briges, Ibcri and Britons of the lea firiges, Allo- brigj^, i 1 jreuies and Mereur I'eutator Gomer, Pluto, Mer- cury, .mill tho e colonies, fa; pofed by ISIr. Bochart to be i-'ha;i:i.;an3, fetded in diiferenc (.'arts of Eurone, cxcc]it one on the [ 3 J 1 the river Bxtica in Spain. See CallimachuS) Dion. Halicar. Po- lybiiis, Juftin, C?zl'zr, Diodorus, Tacitus, Berofus, Jofephus, 'iV.etzes, Strabo, Solinus, Servius, Florus, Silius, Varro, StCjihanus, Elian, Ifidore, Oca Scarlenfes, Rbenanus, Fabri- tius, tbe commentators on Jcrerniab tbe fifth chap. Cluver and other moderns. Hence Hrihe, the water part fpring part; Bride, the iide water part; Bridge, the fide water part edge ; Bridie, on the fule fpring water part ; Brief, the fprinz water part part; Brier, on the water part; Hriiiht and Brilliant, .on the water part Hde-, Brin and Brink, the water part rim, edge or confines ; ISring, the fpring part to the confines water part; Brine, the inclofing water part ; Bridle, on the water covering fide ; Brittle, on the water part fide, as an earthen veffel, which is brittle and liable to cracks and iplits. Broadvvatkr Sufi". Ire. tl:c farrounding water part fide or country or broadwater. Broadwcll and Broadflear Som. Kent, the farrounding water part fide dwelling or country. Brocard caftle S;dop, the furrounding water part guard caftle. Brochty-cra>i; Scot, the furrounvn. Bro'.aifover VVar. over i,;C boivler ri'i'i.:r. I'rovonacum, Brocovini-'j Bro- coniacum c>r Broi;:;iiam V/ n-.or. tb.e border fr.ring water part vale or dwelling place. Hence I'n'oa'.h, from the furroumiine water part {T l^ordcr ; Inroad, iiie furmunciing u;:tor p;M-t fide or country; Bioc.ige, ihc l\irrc;:n.]ing water part edge; ]'rock, the fiaroumling w..tcr part connncp, v»'IxM-e the badger ufually fi'ei|i!eius ; nr';il. the furr'nuuli'ig v.iter place lic;'-! ; Brcodj »he Inrrcnniding pint i'de or !)rook, v, l.ere fifhes breed; Brook, ■; i:;ioom, a- i-nd") *i— ■■'■I- '•ndin'^ water the hn-rou-i!: lin; >; w; iter p..rc con fines (r( :,\,, \\ Ivnit the u;i rroi \iV\'' ing •.-.aver n.i rt (>r cc/. \y.: r(.'.Mi'.!ir>r \v. ;;(;r na rt' fi..ie; B',- ;h:-l, ...•i l'... ' ; p..ri;;decr; nei; ,;!;!; >nr as dv.-e' n , , I'ri or ; iiinebeuU- wa • ■.';'• h:o[hc:W.n:l ':r ; ;,.;,_; .■u [ 36 ] of the furrouiT-ling water part; Brow, the furrounding water partfpring; Browfe, the lurrounding water parts or country ihiall fprings. Bruce, the Cidc Spring water part. Brudenel, a place on the fide ipring water part. Bruen abbey Oxon. the incloling fpring water part abbey. Bruges in the Low Countries, the lower confines fpring water part. Bruittou Som. the fide fpring water part town ; it being the border, as well as the pl^e of refidence of the Moions,the wellern feamen or Cornifli- men. Brumford N-hum. the furrounding or middle fpring Water part ford or way. Brumham Wilts, a vale on the middle or divifion fpring water part. Brun Albcn, Brunfwic, Brung- wen and Brunlefk Scot. Germany and N-Wales, the inclohng water part hill, fide flreet or iortification and moted or palace part. Hence Bruife, the fide fpring part; Bruit, along the fide fpring; Brumal, on the furrounding fpiing part ; h'runt, at the inclofing fpring part; Brufii, the inclohng fpriiig part fide; Brute, the animal fpring part. BuALT or Bulleum Silurum S- Wales, the fpring water part fide, hill or dwelling place. Bubwith Yorkf up the lide fpring part or dwelling place Buchan or Buquhan Scc-t. on the inclofing fpring water part- Buckenham Bucks, and Norf. a vale on the inclofing fpring water part. Buckhurft Suff. the confines fpring water part toreft. Bucllon Dev. the fide ipring water part town. Buda in Panonia or Hungary on the Da- nube, the fpring water or dwelling part. Budley Devon, the fpring water fide place or dwelling place. Huers Suif. the fpring water part fide- Bucth Cumb. the fide fpring part. Bugden Hunt, the confines Ipring fide, den or vale. Bulev W-mor. the fpring water part place or habitation. Bulkky Chef, the fpring water place fhut place or dwelling place. Bullcn or Boulogn in France, the fpring water place bank. Bullcy Nott. the fpring water part place or dwelling place. Bullingtlon Hants, a town on the confines fpring water place. Bulmer N-hum. the mere fpring water place Bulnefs Cumb. the flaring water place on the promontory. Bulvevhith Sufi", the fpring water plr.ce pall'-ige or fcrd. Bumilcd ElT. the fur- rounding fpring w.itcr }Kut itViion. Bunbury Chef ih'^ inclo- fin"" fpiiiig p^rt burrow. Ijur.ratv on the Shannon Ire on the inclofing fpring part luie. Burctlter Oxon a city on [he Spring w.itcr part. Burford Oxon. anil Salop, tiu; lord or way on ti:e fpriui:, v.-ater part. Burgh, Byrig, Burrium, iiurv or \'ertara 1-Iauls, Surrv, SufT. Dcr. 'Vorkf. VV-n-.or. ;'.nd (jcrmanv, on the Ipi'ii':^ p-i't conu::cs or dwelling p'acc Burghale Ycrkf. tho Ipring water part coniiues, ihijl ur uw^llnig phxc. Bi!!;j,h- Icy, [ 37 ] ley, Burley or Burleigh Rut. N-hum. the fpring water part confines, lliut or dwelling place. Burgltcd ElT. the inclofing fpring water part or burrow flation. Burgundi France, on the inclofiui^ Spring water parts confines, fides or burrows ; who are fuppofed to be of the Vandal or vale race, but not the Go- thic poOeflbrs of the fea coafts. Burghwafh SuiT. the fpring water fide burrow or dwelling place. Burian or Berion Corn, on the fpring part or dwelling. Burn or Bourn Dorfet, Gloc. Line, the inclofing fpring part neighbourhood or country. Burnel Salop, on the inclofing fpring water place or dwelling. Buniham Bucks, Norf. a vale or home on the inclofing fpring water part. Burnhop Dur. the fpringiiig up water part. Burnfal Yorkf. the inclofing fpring water fide place. Burnt Pclham Herts, the inclofing fprin part; Bunler, the inclofing fpring part lidc water part; Buoy, the fiHrou;)*!;ng water fpring part; Bur, the fpring part; Burden, on ti:c ipring part fide; Bur- [ .38 ] gage, the burrow pledge; Burgbotc, a boot or recompenc** for guarding the borders; Burn, the incloiing fpring water part ; Burie, on the fpring water part fide ; Burll, below the fpring water part fide; Bury, on the fpring water part; Bufli, the fpring water part fide; Bufhel, on the fpring water part fide; Bufs, the fpring parts fides; Buitle, on the fpring fide part; Bufy, the fpring fide part; But, at the fpring part or the fide fpring part ; Butcher, the animal fpring part inclofer j Butler, the man on the butt; Butment, the boundary lide part; Butter, at the fpring water part; Buttock, the fpring part fide covering water part; Button, on the fide covering part; Buxom or Bucgom, the furrounding fpring water part fliut; Buy, tb.c fpring parrs ; By, the part or fpring part. Cabal I or Vellai a town of [.anguedoc on tire Rholne in Narboime Gaul, the incioung f ring water place or vale. Cabala, a mvllerious ufe of letters amongll the Jews, fonie- what refcrnbling the hierog'yphics ot Mcrcuiius Trifmegiflus and the reft of the Caberi, i'o named from the letters p or band c with their fpringing letters which arc cxpreffivc or and de- riving their origin from the fea and river divifions of countries and the parts ot genenuion, which ikrw like rivers into the fea. Caberi or Cabiri, the iuclofing Ipriiig water parts or the lea coaft coafcers or keepers who were Phrygians, th.e anccftors of the Britons and the defecnda:its of Comer, ar.d 'aid to be four in number, namely Ceres or Cybeli and Proferpiiie her daugh- ter by Jupiter, Pluto or Dis and Mercury or Cafmillus, who were probably as many colonies of Phrygians and 8amothra- cians that came by fea into Gaul and Spain. Hence Calral, Cabbage, Cabin, Cabinet, and Cable, an inclofcd or lecrct part or place ; as Cackle is, from being clofe or fccret. Cadbery or Cathbregion Som. the Avater part c\ Britifi-i inclofures, borders or confines or the wcfterri water j^art cnn- iines or garrifon ; it being the Camalct, leet or palace ol kiug Arthur and other Britifli princes. Cai.ier Scot, the iiiclofing or ftation water part. Cadi of the Turks, tlic k».eperor jiu!,:o of a town or diftricl, Cadleys N-Walcs, ire. at the iiiclcifing Avater place fide place palace or leet. Catirnus ot iyre, t!ic iur- rounding water confines keeper or Ciiiciinn. C\uiuccus the rod or fceptre of Mercury, a Ivmbo! of h.is bc-i:ig the .icivuder and keeper of men and countries by n'.L'res, v.-:i!ior.t go;r.g to war. Cadwellon of Wales, the incloiing fpring w.iicr pi ;ic bank guardian. Henc: Cadence, from the l;dl oi water: Ca- det, a centinel or keeper. Cai^k England, Wales, Scot. Ire. an incloiing water p'vr. 6 [ 39 ] or a city or part {hut by v.'ater, Avails or political clivifioiip, zs {hires or ^hacrs. Caer-Caradock-daf or dif-gae-guidi or Inch- kcith-lavcrock or Carbantoricum-Marthen-Narvon-Palladur- Voran, Moran or Giaiiaventa, AValcs, Salop, Scot. Som, N-hum. the city of the border Avater or Severn, the ildc flood part, inclofed part, the fide or inclofmg fpring part, the con- fines or incloling fpring water place, on the lea lidc, on the fea, of Pallas or Minerva on the edge fpring water place or pa- lace, and the furrounding water part bank. Hence tlie namea of the radical Car, a contraflion of Caer. CffiSAREA or Jerfcy, a Bririfii Illand and towns of Cappa- docia an.d other places, a city or part on the fide water. Csefaro- magus or ChclTord Eif. France, a city, ftreet or way on the fide furroundinj; water, and not the city of Cccfar any more than Drufomagus is the city of Drufr.s, but the boundary water part gate See for the names of this radical under Cas, and Cag, Cage and Cake hgnify, the inclofmg hdes or fnuts or a thing in'.Iofcd or fhut on all fides. Caisho, C.iTi, and Caiiiflioberv Herts the inclcfing or fide fpring water part. Caius Bcriciis, a Ihitilh chioitain, the inclo- {iiig w.iter part or Britiih chief, rience Cajole, Caiffon and CaitilF, as furrounding, incloung or cieceiving a perlon or a thing. Calais orPortus Icius or Ifcius in Bel.iic Gaul, the lower or ifland confmes water place or part. Calaterium Nemus Yorkf. the inclofmg water place covert or Ccitic grove or forefb, or fui.li places as were ufually left wild and uncultivated on the borders ot countries Calcaria or 1 adr;iilcr Yorkf a cltv on the inclofmg water place. Caldecot on the Severn fide S- Wales, the inclofmg water place fide coail. Calder Yorkf. the inclo- fmg water part. Caklev iiland in the Severn fea, the inclofing water place fide. Caliillreani Scot, the inclofing v/ater place fide ftream. Caldwell Yorkf. the inclofing water place fide fpring or dwelling phice. Calebeg or Callebec Ire the inclo- fing water place brook. Caletlon War. the inclofing water place town. Caledonia Scot, on the inclofing water places, fides, b/anks or liilks, or hills and dales or clan country; the genuine Caled{Mi Scots being the fair complexioned Gauls mentioned by Diodorus, who made many migrations and re-niigra.tions to and from Denmark, aiul from whom the Kelleys, Shelleys, &c. Callan, Cikm and Calnc Wilts, Wales, Ire. the inclo- fing uater place bank or fide. Callendar Scot, on the inclo- fing water place bank fitle. Calliope one ot' the mufes and mother of Orpheus, the inclofing water place circle part. Calr fjiot caille Har/.s, the inclofing water place fide flnit or cafile. Calthorp Callborp Suff. the inclofi ng water part gate. Hence Calaih, the lefi'er fhut; Calculate, at the inclofing fpring water place fide> Caldron, on the inclonng v/ater place fide; Calender, and Calends, on the inclofing water place bank fide , Calf^ the fliut or fide part; Calid, the fide inclofing water place; Call and Calling, on the inclofing water place or mouth ; Callous, the inclofing fpring water place; Calm, about the inclofing water place; Calumny, calling on the furrounding ■water part; Calx, dn the inclofing Avater confines, which was the ulual places for all forts of 'flones before the rocks were broken and fi:ripped of their coats, and from whence all the names of Hones feem to be derived. See Cla. Cam, Camb, Cam1>o, Cham and Camoodunum Corn. GIoc. Camb. Yorkf. Vindelicia, the furrounding water part, the crooked part, the ham. home or vale pait. Camalet, Cha- melot or Hamlet 8om. Eff. Scot the furrounding water place fide, leet or palace ; from their being the feat of Cunubclin, Arthur, and other guardians of the boundaries or chieftains, and in a fecondary fcnle, the place of war or the military town, as were Camulon in Scotland, Camuledun in Kflex, and Cha- malot in Somerfetfliire Cambeck Cumb. the furrounding water part brook. Camblan a river of Cornwal, where Arthur and Modred had an engagement, the furrounding water part bank. Camboritum, Cantebrige or Cambridge and Gloc. the furrounding or inclofing water part fide edge, bridge or ferry. Camden Gloc. the furrounding water fide, vale or town. Camelford, the furrounding water place ford or way. Camalen or ford Gam Helen N-Wales, the furrounding water part bank or hill way. Camerium a city of Umbria or Chum- bria in Italy, on the furrounding water banks or hills. Ca- mifham Herts, the furrounding water fide vale. Hence Ca- mel, crooked or (hut upon; Camifade, inclofing the fide; Camlet, furrounding the fide ; Camp, a part furrounding or inclofing ; Campaign, in the camp. See Chain, Gam, Kam and Sham. Can W-mor. the inclofing water. Candale or Kendale, the inclofing water vale or dale. Cane or Canock wood Staff, the inclofing water confines wood. Cancficld Lane, the in- clofing water dwelling place Candida Cafa Scot, the inclo- fing water fide part ot the lower coniine,"^. Canlord Dorfet, the inclofing water ford or way. Caniiani, Cangi or Langanum Som. Suff. Chef. Wales, the inclofing water part or bank, which like the other names of places being appellative, occa- fioned the doubts about Oftorius's march againfl the Cangi. Canings, Canington and Canflium Som. the inclofing or bor- der f 41 ] dcr water vale, town or hundreds, the extenfivc woods and commons in thcfe parts of Wihs, C anoc, Gcdney moore, Cad- bery, and Pting wood, being probably the boundary betwixt the weilern and Belgic Britons and the cania'eis ainl leet places being fituatcd along the frontiers. Canonium or Chelmsford Efl". on the inclofing water ford or town. Cantaberi Spain, Kent, Camb Ire and Brigantes of Yorkf.&c on the incloiing water part or foremoft coafts, the firfl: pofiiLlhcns or Thrygian poffciTions. Canterbury Kent, the Kentilli or llrll burrow. Cantire Scot, the inclofing water or foremoft poiiHlions or country. Can- tium or Kent, the inclofing water fide or foremoft land or coad. Cantre, Chantred, and Hundred, the fide incloiing parts, wa- ter parts or poffeinons, or the polfcfnons of 100 freeholders, houfeholders or farmers, fituatcd Avithin a diftrict of canton- ment orcommot of four fides towards the fca. and ri\i:Ts, which were politically fubdivided into tythinjs of 10 iiccholds or houfeholds each, with proper cells, convents, monaiterics, priories, cloifters, leets, druids, bards, barons, lord^, abbots, monks, priors, prebends, canons, and pi iefts, ior the purpofes of religion and government, and whofe names are cxprellive of their ficuations, as moiiafleries cells and m^onks on the fca fide, priors and prebends at the fpring head, and con\c;iis, cloifters and canons on the river fides, and fo their flails and feat:-, in the convents or cathedrals feem to have? been difpofed, and thence the diilribution of the people into famdlics, tribes and c!:>ns, and perhaps of the Iloman legions into cohorts, centuries, and decuriesj the decury being tlie fame as thevything, the hun- dred as the century, the cohort as a whole canton, and the le- gion as four cantons, or a province of an huiulred townftiips each. From this divifion ot countries our nur.ibers or method of reckoning feems to derive their origin; as, Un, or One, the inclofing fpring; Dau, or Two, the fpring divifion or di- vided fides; I'ri, or three, the boundary fjiring, its bank: and bank lidc or poflefiions, Avhich in the VN'clfti is tri or tirj Pedour, or Four, the furrounding v/ater part or border of four fides; Pimpe, or Five, the dweiiing or inelofed part, iarm, fiei ot one poilefibr, or freeholder ; orvll];iPc; Six, the fca fide or confines; Seven, the (landing or reiiing part, or a haven; Eight, an idiuid, or a part fiirround.ed l;y water, or an octo; Nine, the rain or clouds; Ten, the in.gb co-, ering, the (ky, and fair weather, u hc.lc modv^ls w^irc tl:e diviiion or creation of the univerfe, Fden, .md other p.. ts of tiie globe, which numbers and letters feem t) ex]i!ain. Canvev or Cou- venos llland, Eil'. the inclofing or confines fpring, or con- fines water part. Hence our conjugating verb Can, as getting G wii.hi -1 i: 42 ] wltliin, the Inclofing part ; CanrJ, the inclofing water place, from its being the boundaries ot countries ; L aiiccl, its de- ftn.i£tion; Candid and Candidate, at the incioilng water or border r.;l>' or divifion; Cann, the inc.ori'.' or (hutting the water i". : C'anou. cr, the incioilng w::tc: , ;!■: thence Cannon, a large gun; Canton, on the inclofing \/arer lide diviiion of one hun.'.red towns, pofieihons, or townfliips- See Chan, Gan, Han, Kan, and Shan, the fpringing radicals of Can. Cap EL, ^Vales, on the inclofing water place, or an inclofed place, or a chapel, which at fni1 we-e an inclofure without a cove;ing. Capitania, lialy, on the nde, or below the inclo- fing part, cape, or h.cad land. Hence Cap, the incloiing or covering part; Capable, the inc'ciing part able; Cape, the covering part; Caper, the covering water part; Capitulate, CHI the covering or border place fide ; Captain or Capture, on the border partiide; Capuciiin, the head covering; Chap, the inclofing vv'ater part or a chink-, Chr.pel, on the inclofin.: -'va-. ter part; Chapman, the inclofing water part man or factor on the border water part, where goods, cattle, and v.'arcs VvX're exchanged or fold; Chapter, on the inclofing v/ater part fide. See the other fpringing radicals of C. Caratacu^ or Caracioc, tiie Sihn'ian chief, on the fide water or Sev'^rn co.\[l chicitr.n, or pJuriurn gentium imperator, as he fi;"''S in his ipeceh bclore Clodius ; he being lo as guar- dian of the Sev'ern border, ai:d commander in cliicf of other gentes or tribes, though nattiral 'or^i perhaps on'v of his own c!an. Carbantoricum or Laverock, ^'eot. thie inclofing fpring vvfater place or border vale citv. Carbrcv, ire. the water part confines or city. Cardigan, 8-V>'a^es, the inck'rmg v/ater fide citv. Caren, or Carn, Corii. and V/aies, oti thj inclofing water, or a rock or hid ; as Carn-ia:hon, tlic hill of thieves ; Carneth, a heap of floncs; iCarn ar dy ben, a heap of ftoncs on thy head. Carenton, Som a town on the incloiing water, v/nere Carentocu=; and Decombes are laid to have ]an>ie;i from South Wales. Careforooke, MajUs, on the inclofing v/ater fide brook. Carefdike, Line, on the inclofing v/ater fide ilike. Carefweh, Stafi'. on the inclofing water fide lprini>: or dwelling yilaee. Carcw, S-Wa'es, on the inclofing fpring. Carliujtord, Ici'. the inclofing water place, ford, or v.av. Ca lide, LuL'ubal- jium or Lu.'uval lum, Cernb. t;-.e inclofing water ]">lace iile, or a va'c o;i the inclofing ipring wat^r place. Cnrr, L^orfet, on th.e inclofinri water. C:irram ar;J. C.;rrow, K-hum. on ihe furrounc'.ini border \v'atcr or iprmg. Carrier, Scot, the up- per border l\dc Carriden, Scot. N-"'\\'alcs, ihe border vale. Carthage or Carthago, tlie inclofing water fide edge, cun-M-'S, or city. CarLitmandua or CortifmanJua, the border belov. die fiuc [ 43 ] fide of ManHua or Idumanum, a harbour or capital manfiofl o£ thelfceni; fhe being chief of the Coritani. Carthmelj LanC» on the furrounding water place or fea confines. CarviUus, a Kentifli chieftan, on the inclofing fpring water -place warden or chief. Hence Car, Cart, Chariot, Carver, Cargo, and Carry, on the inclofing water; Cardinal, on the inclofing wa- ter fide; Care and Charge, on the inclofing water part confines or edge; Carnal, the upper inclofing place or frefh ; Carols on the inclofing water or country, Carve, the inclofing fpring part; Character, the inclofing or boundary water part fide; Charm, the furrounding water part; Chart, the inclofing wa^ ter part fide, or a delineation of coafts; Charter, oh the in- clofing water fide; Carue, Carua2;e, Thong, Hilda, Hida, Soc and Soccage, the inclofing fpring, or furrounding wa- ter fide or edge; fuch was the portion of land that was allotted by Vortigern for the defence of the borders to Hcngift, which he inclofed with the n:our and carue, thong and hide, fignify a boundary river. Cashalton', Surry, a town on the fide or lower inclofing v/ater. Cafmillus, or Mercury, on the furrounding water or fea lower borders. Cafiandrca, Sufi". G ccce, the lower in- clofing water part confines. Cafi~el, Germany, the fide, lower or lefler water confines or city. Caflli, the ifiand or Ifceni confines or inclofing water; Cafiibeline, the Cafiii or Ifceni water place bank keeper, warden, or warrior. Caffil, Ire. the lower inclofing water place. Cafiiterides, the lower in- clofing water part fides or idands, or the weflern iflands, but no particular iflands ; nor did the ancients mean any fuch, hut fome iflands in the Atlantic, from whence the tin was brought, and according to Dlodorus, who mull have known f om whence the tin was conveyed inio Gaul, and thence by land to Mar- fcilles, where the Phoenicians had it, it rnuft have been fliip- ped on board by the Veneu" at the Iflc of Wight, and it feems probable that the tin ore was at firll found along our weflern fea fliores, without digging for it. Caller, Ccaller, Chclter, or Venta Ifcenorum, Norf the fide Avater part inclofure, for- tification, c?.llle, or city of the Veneti or Britons of Gaul, in the country of the Ifceni or Saxons, the defcendants of the Kenl or Kcntifh, and from which commixture came the Bri- gantes of Yorkfiiire, and other parts of England and Ireland, the Aborigines of England, according to Casfar, and accord- ing to Pliny, of the fame origin as the Britons and Pontes of Gaul, and part of the Pontic or Wapontic province, was at firfl within their limits in Britain; though the Logrian pro- vince of the Coritani afterwards extended itfeif pretty far into G 2 their [ 44 J their limits. Calleriey, Wilts, tlie lower inclofing water fide, place, or the caiHe place. Caltor -and Pollux, the lower con- fines border, and the upper furrounding light part or fky. Caflle Alhlcy, Colwen-comb-corndocken-dinas- ilun-fteed- thorpe, N-ham. Wales, Wiits, Scot. Ire. Cumb. Bedf. an inclofure, fortification, or caflle on tlie lower part, on the in- clofing fpring fide, in the vale part, on the top of a hill, of the city, of tiie hiil or town, of the fide or ftation part, and water gate part. Caftrum Alatum, Dun Eaden, and Edenburrow, 6cot. on the vale fide callle or city, the water vale hill or town, and the vale or lo .viand burrow. Hence Cafcade, Cafe, Cafe- nient, Calk, Cafibck, and Caflle, as being places and things inclofed, and Caftellan, and Caflleward, the keeper of a bor- der caftlc, and a couipenfation or payment aflefied tor watching and defending the borders and border caftlc. And many names fpringing, derivative, or infleclinj from C, may be ilcen under Ch, G, H, K, Sh. Catericton'ium, or Catetiek, Yorkf. on the inclofing fpring water, upper, or Piichmond border, and from the great fall of water there in the river Swale, a cataract. Carierloch, Ire. the inclofed water place confines part. Catefby, N-ham. the lower inclofing water fnle part or habitation. Cathnefs, Scot, the inclofing water fide promontory or lower part. Catlidge or Kirtlini>, Camb. the inclofing v/ater fide ed;ie or border. Catmofe, Pmt. the inclofing water or border's fur- rounding fide. Cacrelhal, Surrv, on the lower inclofing wa- ter fide. Cutti and Cattieuchlani of Germany, Herts, Bucks, Bed. &c. the inclofing fide, or fpring water fide banks, or the keepers of fuch, thole of Germany and Britain beinj probably on the Watling-ftreet, and fuch another llreet near the Pvhine. Thefe pco,.Je and the Coiitani feen.i to have nngrated into North Wales, and from thence to Dunbritlon in Scotland, ami are probably the Htratclwyd Britons, Nvn.uites, c>;c. as the names on Watling-ihreet and other parts ot tlie country leem to indicate. Cattihill, near Watling-ftreet, StalT. the fide in- clofing, or Latti hill. Cattimarus, Germany, the mere or furrounding water fide keeper. Cattiveilan, the inclofing fpring fide keeper. Catus Uecianus, t!ie procurator, put to tiight by Buadicea, the boundary vvuter keeper. Hence Cat, ihe keeper, or houfe- keeper ; Catacombs, the keeping rnellb or cells; Catalogue, keeping or containing the dilcouile ; Catch, inciofing at the fides; Cater, on the ineloling water fide; Ca- thedral, on the incloling water part iide; Cattle, at the inclo- fing water fn]c or vale place-, Catliolic, us being general ot t'jtnmon to all countries, or the whole world. Cat LI, [ 45 ] Cauct, or Meath of Ireland, Frizcland, and Weflinhalia, the inclofing Ipring water confines or fide. Caude, or Caude- bec, Cumb. the inclofing fpring water | ait or brook. Cavel, or Gavel, Corn. Kent, Wales, an inclofed water place a boundary fet out or a holding. Caversfidd, Bucks, the in- clofuig fpring fide, vale, or home. Caiin, or Cavan, Som. Ire. Spain, Mauritania, and Cilicia, on the inclofing fpring water hde or inclofure. Caurfe caflle, Salop, the inclofing fpring water lide caftle. Cawood, Yorkf. the inclofing fpring water fide or wood, or an incloicd or covert wood. Caxton, Camb. the inclofing" water confines town. Cayhill, Wilts, the inclofing water high place or hill. Hence Cave, Cavity, and Cavern, a fhut or inclofed part; Caveat, at the cave, fliut, or flan d; Gaul, fliut upon ; Caufey, the Inclofing fpring fide i Caution, on the inclofing fpring fide. Ceada, or Cecia, the inclofing water parts or fnuts. Ced- valia, and Cadv. allan, the inclofing fpring water place banks, or their keepers, both in the Saxon and the other Britifh dia- lects, which, as to the names of places and perfons, are funda- nientally the fame; for thofe who, on the removal of the Ro- man empire from this ifland, afi'umed its dominion, being niofi;ly the families in power under the Romans, joined by o- tiicrs, who had been forced from hence to tl:e continent and Ireland by the Romans, took to the names of the places they pofieiled, or thofe of their offices, which, according to their definitions in this and a former elTay, appear to be orie;inai Britifli, Cornifli, Belgic, Logrian, VVellh, Northumbrian, Lrfe, Lingua Romana, and other Britifli names, and not that gramatical dialctl compofcd and attempted to be introduced by tltde and other Saxon writers. Ceka;, Celd, Cell, Kcllev, Shelley, Calle, Callcuc, Salene, Calledonia, and Clana, are the various ways of expreffing the inclofing water place fide, confines, banks, cells, groves, covert place, and the habita- tions of druids, hermits, monks, and other reclufe perfons in the earlier ages, in Afia Minor, Greece, Italy, Spain, Gaul. Britain, Ireland, and other parts. Celtiberia and Celtica, cu thelber in Spain, the fpiing water part, inclofing water place, or the Phrygian cells or harbours Celuica, or Montrofs, Scot, the incjofing water place at the fpring confines, cells or har- bours. Cenimagni, and Cenomania, of Suffolk arid the refl. or the Ifceni country, Lombardy, and Gallia Celtica, ti;e fur- rounding water inciofing (jr foremoll part. Cenio ar.d Cenio- nis Oltium, Corn the inclofing water, or lower incloGug water mouth, haven, or gate. Ceiberus, the three h.adcd dog, laid to have been bound in chains, and thrown out cf hcli bv t 46 1 by Hercules, die lower border water parts, or countries of the Titans, which Hercules drained, by drawing rivers through them. Cerdick, Cerdicford, and Sancis, Hants, Norf. the inclofing water or fea fide confines, v.-ay, lands, or the names "which a Saxon chieftain affumcd therefrom. Ceres or ifis, the lower Avater borders. Cernes, or Cerones iflands of Scot. the lower inclofing water fide or borders. Hence Ceafe, the inclofing water or fea fide or haven; Ceil, an inclofure upon; Celebrate, at the cell water part; Celt, Celery, and Cellar, the cell or a low Inclofed place, or at the water place fide, which is low; Cement, the furrounding water on the fides, ■which joins together the parts of a country ; Cenfor, on the in- clofing water fide man, who had the power of taxing among the Gauls, as well as the Romans; Centre, th.: fide inclofed part; Centurion, on the inclofed fide; Century, the inclofing fide; Cerate, inclofing or fliutting at the fides; Ceremony, on the furrounding water part or fea border; Certain, on the inclofing water fide; Ccfiment, CelTation, Cefiion, and ^.efilon, on the inclofing water fide or country- Chad, Chadfnunt, or well, War. Salop, the inclofinpf ■water fide, hiuh fpring, well or dwelling p;:!ce. Chaldrea, ot Affyria, the inclofing water place fide, upper part or country. Chalgrave, Oxon. the inclofing water place v.-ardcn. Cham- ber, Chef, the furrounding fpring water part, hut, ihut, cell, or other inclofure. Chanan, on the inclofiiig water end, or upper part. Charing crofs, the inclofing water border crols, or the carrying crofs, from its being the place of importation and fale of merchandifes imported from the Thames. Charl- cot. War. the inclofing water place confines, coaft, or wood, Charleton, Wore, the inclofing water pir.cc town. Charmouth. Dorfet, the inclofing vvater part mouth. Charn wood, Leic. the inclofing water or confines part wood. Charon, the ferry- man of hell, on the inclofing or border water. Chaltleton, Oxon, on the lower inelofin.g water place town or caft'e. Chatham, Kent, the inclofing water fide vu e, h.ome, or iliut. Chatfworth, Der. by the inclofing water fide lower fide- Hence Chace and Chafe, the inclofing water fit'e; Chafl', the inclofing or fliell part; Chain, the incloiing water ; Chalk, the inclofing water place confines, v\'hcre the ilor.ci were fn-'i met with ; Challenge, and Calling, the inciciing water place or borders; Chamber, the furrounding pai: or water part; Champain, the furrounding parts or country inhabited; Cham- pion, on the furrounding water or borders, which were men of chivalry or knights; Chance, on the inclofing water fide; Chancel, the inclofing cell ; Chancellor, the inclofing cell man ; t 47 1 tnan ; Change, the inclofinpj water confines, where goods were exchanged and altered in their property; Channel, the inclo- fing water loweft or deepcft place; Chant, on the inclofing warerf.de or chauntry; Chaos, inclofed on all fides; Chap, and Chaps, the incloilng or divided part ; Chapel, on the in- clofing water place; Char, on the inclofing water or carrying; Charm, on the fiirrounding water part ; Chaft, the inclofing water fide low; Chat, at the inclofing water part or mouth; Chaw, or Chew, the inclofing waier part or mouth fpring. Chebsey, Staff- the inclofine water part fide, lower part or Ifland. Checkley, Staff, a place on the inclofing water place. Chedcflcy, Wore, the inclofing water place fide lower place. Chelnaer, JLff. the inclofing water place mere, it being the boundary or the Trinobantes. Chelmsford, its ford, way, or ftreet. Chelfey, Midd. the inclofing water place fide lower place or iflantl. Chemleigh, the inclofing water furrounded place, as an ifland or headland. Chcpfiow or Cafwent, South Wales, _the lower inclofing fpring fide or ftation on the Verieti Jower confines. Cherdfltry Hucks, a p!ace below the border water fide. Cheren or Cornwal, on the in.clofing water place. Chcrford, Devon, the border way or ford. Chertfey, Surry, the inclofing water fide or ifland. Cherwcll, Gloc. the in- clofing fpring water or dwelling place. Chefliam Bois, Bucks, the inclofing water fide vale wood. Cheftcr-field-ton in the ftreet in the wall, Bedf. Der. N-ham. War. Dur. N-hurn. the inclofing water fide fcrtiucation, inclofed, or city dwel- ling place, town, in the ftreet, and on the wall or fpring water place. Chefwerden, L'hef. the city or inclofing fpring water fide vale, den, or forcfl. Chettclhamoton, Devon, on the inclofing water fide vale part town. Chettlinghani or Chil- lingham, Ndiuni. the inclofing watrr place confines vale, Chevin and Cheviot, Stall'. Yorkf Wales, Ire. the high in- clofing fpring fide, hills or ritigcs, which were fuppofed to have fprung up like Marchey hill, Heref. Chevy Chafe, N-hum. the inclofing fpring water fide, confines, or chafe. Cheyneys, Bucks, on the inclofing water fide, h'ence Cheap, the inclofing water part, where things were cheap at firft hand; Cheat, the inclofing water fide; Check, the inclofing water confines; Checks, the inclofing v/atcr iides ; Cheer, on the cheeks or inclofnig water fides; Cherub, the upper bor-» ders ; Cheft, fides inclofing the lower ; Chevalier, on the in- clofing fpring water j lace man ; Chevaux de frife, inclofing the Wile parts. Chkhhster, Suff. the inclofing water or key city. Chick- fand, Bedf. the inclofing water confines lower fide. Chidley or [ 48 3 or Chudleiglij Devon, ihe inclofinj fide or joint place. Child- tvit, the inclosing v/atci- place fide fpiii.:. Clii ham, Kent, the inctofing \s kter place vale. Chiitern, the fide or iuclofing high land; th.: Cni tern bills being probably the boundary be- twixt the Caitieuchlara and the J3odnni. ChinJigh, Devon, the furrounding water place edge or confincb. Chipches, N-hum. the inclofing water part key or lower cr-ie. Chipen- ham, Wilts, the vale or dwelling place on the- jriclofing w-ater part. Chipen Sodbury, Gloc. an inclofing water part on the jurrounding Spring water part. Chirbury, Salop, the border fpring water or dwelling part. Chi;k, N-Wales, the border water gate or fhut. Hence Chicken, on the inclofing water Ihnt; Lhiid, the inclofing water flowing divifion, or upper race; Chill, on the inclofing w-ater place; Chine, the fur- rounding borders or country ; Chimin and ChiminaiiC, the inclofing water edge or way, and toll paid for a way through the king's foreft lying along the boundaries, which belonged to no private perfon, but were left as commons on the limits of countries; Chine, inclofing or fhutting in; Clunk, inclo- fing in the confines; Chip, the inclofed water parts, or the jelTer divifions of countries into farms; Chirographer, on the border or country writer; Chifel, tlij IciT-^r inclofing water place; Chit, the firft pnrt or divifion ; Chivalry and ^occage, to which all the ancient Englifn tenures have been reduced, fubject to d inherent fervices due to the crov.r- on the inclofing fpring Waaler place, and ihc f.u"iGundin2 wa!:cr part edge or con- fines^ or its engagement, attio'i or fervice for the defence of the country, by and p^^ainfithe Saxons and others. Cholmon'Dley, Chef, the iiirroundiiig water part C}(\ef inclofing water place or a ale. Chopv.'cl', Dur. the inclofin^^ water part fpring or ciwering place. Chorley, Lane, the in- clofing water border }'lacc. Her.ce Clioice, t'^e ciicle fule ; Choke, the furrounding v.^ucr lluit; Cholcr, on the furround- ing water place ; Ciiop, the in.clofing v;ater fpiing part ; Cho- ral, on the border waicr; Chord, the border water fide; Cho- rograpiicr, an engraver or wriLcr on tlie borders oi coun- ties. ChuR, Som. the inclofing fi-;ring. Churn, Wilis, the in- cloiJnG: bo'der water. Cl'iute, Hants, the inclofing fpring fitle. Hence Chub, an ineloled or iluit head or upper pa.t; Chufiy, A ihut rjart; Chum, joiiitiy fnrrouiided; Church, the inc'o- {\n" fn in'jj water conimes ormeetiu'r; Churl, on the inclofing fprinz water place, or an earle; Churn, the inclofing fp'"ing water place ; Chyle, the firfi: fiow-ing or fijring v.atcr. Ciif.Ak'fH, Corn, the inclofing water place fide injiofures. I ^ CU f 49 ] Cllumum, N-hum. on the inclofmg Spring water p'ace fide. Cimen, Suff". the furrounding water or fea edge. Cirencefter, Durocornovium, or Corinium, GIoc. a city on the inclofing water or border. Cislbury, Suff. the lefler or fide inclofing fpring part. Hence Cider, the inclofing chief or joint fprin^; water part; Cindlure, the inclofing fpring water part-, Cingle, the inclofing water place; Cion, the fiirll in ; Circle, the in- clofed water place border ; Circuit, the inclofing fpring border fide; Circumambient, about the furrounding fpring border part on the fide; City, the inclofing water or joint fide or pof- I'eflion; Civil, a joint dwelling. Clackmanan, Scot, on the inclofing water place confines part, haven, or harbour. ClaCfon, Efl'. the inclofing water place confines town. Clan-car-don-Gibon, Ire. Surry, the inclofing water place fide or bank city poflelFions, o'- c'an town, or weftern boundary. Clapham, 8urry, the inclofing water place part, vale or home. Clare, Suff. Ire. on the inclofing water place. Clauth, Wales, the inclofing fpring water place fide bank, fence or inclofure. Claufentum, 1 rifanton, or Southampton, Hants, on the lower inclofing fpring water lide, a town on the lower fide water part, and the fpring fide or fouthern vale town. Claxton, Dur, the inclofing water place confines town. Clay, Norf. Salop, the inclofing or iuut wa- ter place. Claybfooke, I^eic. the inclofing water place brook. Claycefler, Leogora or Leicefler, tlic inclofing vv^utcr place city or borders. This was the metropolis oi the kIngdo;n of Leogora, originally comprehending the limits of l^ciccller, Ijincoln, Nottingham, Derby, ancl Stanford, and Icuralc'l bv the German Fife Burgenfes, and to which the limits of York and Chelter were afterwards added by the Seven fjurgenfes, a mixture of the German, Diuiidi, and lioman, am.! they held a parliament of their own, without anv connection with Lon- don, which in thofe days was a free town. Hence Clack, the inclofing water place confines or atticn, or the mouth action; Clad, inclofing the fide ; Claim, the inclofing water place bor- der or rim; Clamm, about the incIo(ing water jilaee. Clan, on the inclofing water place; Clank, the m;)utli acHon ; Clap and Clapper, the incloiiiig water place p.'.rt ; Clarencieux, the chief one of the inclofing water pl;iee; Claih, bc'cw or at the fide of the inclofing water place; Clalp, tl;e hiclofmg wa- ter place fide part ; Clafs, below the inc'oiing water place fide; Clatter, at the mouth or border part; Clanfe, the iiiclo(ing ipring fide; Clafure, the inclofiiig fpririg fide fpring, v/hicii confined and divided the country into faruis or klicr JOll■K■n^•, li ci^w. [ 50 ] Claw, an animal (hut; Clay, the water inclofmg or covering part. Clent, StafF, the inclofing water fide or bank. Clethen, S -Wales, the fide divifion or inclofing fpring water place. Hence Clean, Cleanfe, and Clear, on the inclofing water place; Cleave, the inclofing water place part; Clement, the inclofing water place fide part. Clench, the inclofing water fhut; Clergy and Clerk, on the inclofing water confines; Clear, the inclofing on the fpring; Clew, the inclofing fpring. Clif and Clifton, Kent, Wore. Nott. tlie inclofing water place part and town. Clinton or Clinton, Line. Nott. War. t?tafi^ VVales, Ire. a town on the inclofing water place or the vale town. Clift and Clipfby, Devon, the inclofing water lovwxr fide or part. Clithero, I-.anc. on the inclofing water fide. Cliveland, Yorkf. the inclofing fpring water place or bank fide. Hence Click, the inclofing water place or mouth action; Client, on the inclofing water place fide; Cliff, the inclofing water place high part; Climate, inclofing the fur- rounding (ides ; Climb, the inclofing water place bank part; Clinch, inclofing a fliut ; Clip, the inclofing water place part. Clogher, Ire. on the circle inclofing or inclofed water place or lake confines. Clomel or Clonmel, Ire. the mfiddle inclofing water place or bank. Clon or Clan-fert-lolan, Ire. on the inclofing water place fide part or bank. Clovelly, Devon, the inclofing water place, fpring or dwelling place. Cloves- boo, Kent, the inclofing high fpring water place fide. Clow- crofs, Camb. N-ham. Line, the inclofing fpring water place croiTing, crofs or pafilige. Hence Cloak and Cloth, covering the fides; Clod and Clot, inclofed round or on all fides; Clog, inclofed or fliut fides ; Cloifi;er, the inclofing water place fide part; Clofe, the inclofing fpring water place or fliut fides ; Cloud, the furrounding fpring water inclofing or fliutting the fides; Clover, the inclofed or lb ut fprings; Clout, a man fide inclofing or covering; Ciown, a man on the inclofing water place; Cloy, the inclofed or fiuit water place. Cl'J.v, Colun or Colnwy, Salop, on the inclofed fpring water place or vale. Clynog, N-Wales, the fea fide vale. Civrheren, Scot. Wales, the high inclofing water part. Hence CIul), the inclofing water place fpring part, which join and blub; Cluck, the inclofing ipidng water place or throat action; Clumfey, the inclofing fpring \\'atcr place about the fides ; Clu'ilcr, the inclofing fpring water place fide part. Coi.'^E, Devon, the covering fpiing v,\'.icr part. Coberley, Glue. [ 51 1 Gloc. the covering fpring water part place. Cobham, Surry, the covering fpring water part vale or dwelling place. Hence Coach, a covering fides or fluit; Coal, on the iiiclofmg fpring Avater place; Coarfe, on the covering water or fea lide; Coat, covering the fides; Coax, the covering water confines fide ; Cobble, the covering Ipring water part place; Cob or Spider, the covering or web ipring part. CocciUM, Cocar, Cock, Cockley and Cocker, Lane. Yorkf. Camb. the fpring water on or together on the furronnd- ing water confines. Cockcrland, Lane, the cocker land. Hence Cock, the covering fpring or animal; Cockle, tlifi covering water fpring place ; Cockney, on the covering fprii;g water. CoDENOR, Der. the covering water fide on the border, or ?<. wood on the border. Coderidge, Wore, the covering fpring water part edge, fortl or bridge. Codington, Chef, a town on the inclofing fide or fliut. Hence Cod, the covering water or fea part or divifion, or the fide water covering ; Coerce, lower- ing the water coverings ; Cocxift, together at the fide water con- fines; Coffer and Coflin, the covering or fliut part. CoGiDUNUS, chieitan of the Regni, the covering water confines man. Hence Cog, a covering a£lion ; Cogent and Cognition, a covering atlion on the fide ; Cohabit, at the co- vering; water place fpring part fide or dwelling; Cohere, on the inclofing water; Coiiort, on the furrounding v.ater border fide. CoiTFALA, Corn, the covering water fide, fpring water place or vale. Hence Coif, the covering part ; Coin, on tlu: inclofure or covering; Cuit, a covering or Hat fide; Coitiiin, on the covering fide. Col, Cole or Colic, Herts, I'ucks, Scot, the inc'ofiiig wa~ ter place. Colebrookc, Bucks, the inclofing water place brook. Co'ecefter, Colcchefter and Colonia, Lfi". N lunr.. Germany, Italy, on the inclofing fpring water place, bank or cily. Colef- hull. War. Wales, the inclofing fpring water place iii 1. Lo\- ham, Midd. the inclofin^r ipring water place wAc. Collin;:;- iiam, Nott. the long inclofing fpring water place \aie. Col- lerford and Colierton, N-huni. the incloiin;.^ \s aier place wa.v or ford and town. Collive{t"on, N-liam. the inc oiing v ater place fide town. Colra.in or Londonderry, ire. a couurry on the inclofing fpring water place, and the Ipring water part, bank or lane town. Columh and Columbrun, Corn. Devon, the inclofing fpring water furrounding^ parts vale or town. Cohval, S-\Vales, the vale, or Whales inclofing fpring water place. Colyhurll, Lane, the inclofing Ipring Avater piace lo- n 2 ref;. [ 52 1 reH:. Hence Colation, on the inclofmg water place fide; Cold, the inclofingor ihiut water place fide or divifion; Colo, a (hut place or part; Collar, inclofing upon; Collateral, on the inc!ofing fpring water place fides; Colleague, on the in- clofmg fpring water place confines ; Collect, at the fpring wa- ter place confines. College, the inclofing fpring water place edge; Colon, the inclofing water place within; Colony, on the inclofing fpring water place; Colt, the inclofing fpring \vat€fi- place fide or divifion ; Column, in the furrounding in- c.ofure. CoMRR, Cum or Comata, Devon, Wales, and France, the fpring inclofing parts, vales, valleys, and other places of habitation from \V?a'. to Corn. Comius of Arras, the count of y^rras. Combe Martin, Devon, a vale on the fca fide. Combe Neville, Surry, a vale on the fpring water p'ace, or a mere v^ale dwelling place. Combrctonium, or Bretenham, Eff. the water part iidc vale. Compton, Oxon. War. the vale part town. Hence Comb, the furrounding part and vale, which was divided into fmall diftrlcts, like the teeth of a comb; Com- bat, the fpring part at the furrounding water; Combine, the fpring part in the furrounding water part; Come, to coomb or be at home or in the commot; Comfoit, the furrounding wa- ter part way or ford; Comity, the furrounding water part fide ; Command, on the furrounding water part fide; Commence, on the furrounding water part lower fide; Commarchio, the furrounding water part mere confines, market or marking ; Commerce, the furrounding water part mere fide, the ufual market p'ace; Committee, the furrounding water fide divi- fion ; Common, the part on the furrounding water parts, which were left uncultivated; Companion, one on the furrounding water part; Compare, the furrounding water parts, whofe fides are alike; Compound, the furrounding water pa-t pound; Comptro'l, the furrounding water part fide roll, court roll, roil rick, or tlie kin.Kiom's roll. CoNCANi, Cangani, Conaught, Cangi and Kendale, .Suff. W-nior. Ire. on tlic iuciofing water part confnies or vale. Condate, or Cor.gleton, Ciief. the inclofing water part fide or town. Condercuni, Diir. the inclofing fpring water part vale. Coinlovcr, Salop, tiie inclofing v»-atcr fide fpring. Coner, Ire. on tlie incloiing water. Congcrft^m-y, Som. the inclofing wa- ter border fpring or cKvciling part or burrow. Congham, Norf. the inc!f)fing water confines vale. Conilah, Ire. the inclofing water place. Coniiigfton and Conifide, Lane, a town or ii-ie oil the inc'ofing water. Connifburrow, Yorkf the in- clofing v/atcr fid;; barrow. Clonnel, Scot, the i^Klofing wa- ter [ 53 ] ter place. Conwy, Conovius, Convenos, and Convey, Eff. N- Wales, the inclofing water fpiing or dwelling place. Hence Con, on the inclofing water; Concatenate, the inclofing wa- ter (liuts below the fide; Conceal, the inclofing water fiiiit place or lower place. Concede; the inclofing water part lower iide, or to yield; Concern, on the inclofing water border; Conch or Shell, the inclofing water fliut; Conciliate, at the inclofing water place confines ; Concord, the inclofing water border fide ; Concur, the inclofing water current ; Conduft, at the inclofing fpring part confines; Confederate, in- clofing the water part and the fpring water part; Conflux, the inclofing fpring water parts flowing together; Confent, the inclofing water on the lower fide; Confign, the inclofing wa- ter fign or mark; Conful, on the inclofing fpring fide; Con- tain, the coaft within the inclofing water; Contend, the in- clofing water fide end, where the river contends with the fea; Continent, the infide of the inclofing water; Contour, the in- clofing water border or outline; Contract, the inclofing fpring water fide roll, or regiller of the feveral pofleffions or portions of land within the country; Controvert, turning the inclofing fpring water border; Convey, the inclofing fpring water con- fines or way ; Conftable, the inclofing fpring water confines ftation place. CoPELAND, Cumb- the inclofing water part bank fide or Tand. Coptal, ElT. on the inclofing water part fide or coafl. Copti of Egypt, the inclofing water part fide. Coquet, N-hum. the inclofing water at the fpring confines. Hence Coop, fhut up; Coot, at the inclofing water; Cope, a covering part; Copious, the covering fpring part ; Copfe, the lefler inclofing or covered part or covert; Copulate, the fpiing part at the in- clofing water place; Copy, the inclofing water part, which is a copy of the human parts. Corby, Cunib the inclofing water or border part or habi- tation. Coria Danmoniorum, Corn. Scot, the borders of the Danmonii, or fea iidc inhabitants. Corbcrley, Gloc. the bor- der Ipring water part place. Corbet, Salop, the inclofing or border Ipring watcj" part. Cord.i, Scot, the inclofing water or border part. Corfe-Caflle, Dorict, the border water part caitle. Coriondi, Woilix, or Corkc, Ire. on the inclofing fpring waters, or borders, fides or poileflions. Corit.uii, of Leic. Der. Nott Line, and parts of Rut. StatF. N-ham. the inclofing fpring water fides, coails, or borders, or the fpring- inii borders, as having quitted their ancient clan boniers to ex- tend their borders along the nvcv fides or in vales. 'I'hefe arc genuine anccilors of tlic prcfcut EngUih. Cornavii or Cor- nabii [ 54 3 nabii of Wn.r. Wore. Staff. Sniop, and Chef, the inclofing fpring water dweUinj^j parts or horders. Cornhill, and Corn- don, Chef. N -Wales, a hill on the inclofing water or border. Cornwall, Cornovaiile, Coniubia, or Danmonium, the part or dwelling; place on theiricloiingor furrouivJing Avater or bor- dered. Corfica, the inci.-fin-^ water lower confines iflaud. Cortiani, Yorkf. on the incloiin;^ water fide or border. Corve, Salop, the inclohng r-)rin.>- w.^.tcr or border pert, Corveftiam, and Corvefdale, the border water vaie. Cory Llalet. Sum. the furrounding water place iid-^. borders. Hence Corai, on the water place border-, Cord, the inclofmg part-, Core, the in- clofjng fpring water; Corke, the fir ft inclofure or city, or on the water border ; Cnribantes, the prieus of Cybe'e, the chiefs of the bottom or vale borders ; Corn, on theincloiures; Corn- age, on the border edge, Avhich the tenants were obliged to defend, but not by blowing of a horn, for Horn is from Chorn in Cornagej Cornucopia, the inclofuig fnring water conRnes part, which refembled a horn ; Cor^^s, the inclofing water part fide-, Corrode, the border water fide; Corrupt, the inclofing water fpringing part or the {idc, Corfair, en the fide inclofmg water. CosHAM, Wilts, the furrounding water f.de vale. Coflini, or Corini, Corn, on the lower inclofing water fide. Cof- ton, Som. the inclofing water Tide town, or on the coait Hence Cofmographer, the furrounding or lea inclofing lide writing ; Ccft, at the inclofing water fule. Cotes, Leie. tiie inclofing water fides, coaOs, or pof- fcihons. Cotcrave, Chef, the incloiin'j- water fide warden. Cotenham, Camb. Yoi-V;!". ;i vale on the inclci^ng v.'ater fide. Co^^fsvold, Cloc. tiie ineiofing water i^cle wood or V, ijc'o. Co- tus, the inclohng v/atcr lower h;^e chicftrdn. Hence Cc-l and Cottage, the f^irroundi-.ig water f.de edge, or an incloiurc co- vered on all (^d"S in a lecond:?rv ienle. Cov.^:ntry, Vv'ar. a tov-n on ti;e inclofrig fprin':^ water confines, or of the \''cn' ti or V'.'enta, an.' the eo;!vc:ir. meeting »own, Coverham, Yc/ki. t'sc ine'ooni;; lrr::ig v.-atcr vale. Covert, SufT the ii;c!ohi'g fpring water ii>'e. Congli* n, \V;iv. the inclofing 1\:r;nc wat^^r ceinint^ to>vn. C.niiues Palatine of Chef\ i^anc. Du-r tl^c remains or ihc anciem earl- doms, or provinces inclo'- d ^:,v v.'ater b.'.uee.v.ies, v/r:^''! \h^ Romans made f>!ncial fi>^ [U? d'-uncj o'i tliO kingdom le/dnfi: the Irifh, Wcddi, and e-ve'--^. Covvl)ridge cy 1)0\ iai-, S-"\\ .nn>, •the furrounding Ipring v.enr i"':n': tr;ir.f. '.t'.di Cowont ; e.\ ',. jwny or Cowv, JNIidd. Surrv. Sv;.;. ii.e meiol^ne; Ipring w/fjr w.iy. Cowdry, Sufi", the in-J. i.r;; io'ingwu.er p"vt, town "r {"ea- kdie::3. [ 55 ] feffions. Cowel, Scot, the iiiclofing fpring water place, Cowcs, Ifle of Wight, the lower water fide. Cowholm, Norf. the inclofing water place ifland, or furrounded dwelling place. Cowick, Yorkf. the inclofing fpring water flreet, fluit or fort. Cowling, Kent, the inclofing water place bank. Cowlidge, Camb. the inclofing Avater place edge, it being on the limits of the Eaft Angles. Cowlock, Ire. the inclofing fpring water place, (hut or lock. CoAvncy, Camb. the inclofing fpring water confines. Coyne, Ire. on the inclofing fpring water. Coytnefs, Der. the furrounding fpring water fides. Hence Couch, the inclofing fpring water confines -, Cove and Cover, the fprin? water covering or confines; Covenant, on the in- clofing fpring water fide. Covet, at the inclofin:^ fprino 5 Co- rey, a covering; Cough, the inclofing w^ter IpriRglnj up ; Could or Should, at the furrounding fprins water place; Coun- ceK the inclofing fpring water place cell ; County, Country, or Comty, the inclofing fpring wrtcr place fide or canton ; Couple, the inclofing fpring water ni;\cc or fides ; Courage, the inclofing fpring water edge or r:''li.,ii; Courie, tne inclofing fpring water to the lower fide; Court, the inclofing ipring wa- ter fi'de, where the courts leet and oaroti w::re helil, and the rolls and regifters of the pofieffions kept; Coufin, on the inclofing fpring lower fide; Cow, the inclofing wr.rrr 'nring or animal; Coward, the cow warden, or one witliCut: a l-v.in;{ ; Cowilip;, the inclofing fpring water place fide p.-'.ri:: Coxcomb, the inclo- fing Avater confines vale part; Coy, cov< ring. Cr^cca, Crcach, Creake, Crekc, Cici'h^. Crccanford, or Thorpe GrekInde,Wilts,Kent,N-harnNorf.i)er.ycrkf.W-r,^.or. the inclofing water borders, lliuts or creckes, or the Germun or Logrian confines, countrie;, ways, Ibce!:-, fords, and wa- ter gate;; and at Crcccanford E^lv-jlvvolJ pnm-d the 'I'hame.s iiuo Bredan, orBrc;.'.!!, vauI, bjir.g joined b. r.anes, dcflroy- et! it, accordin >; t.) bl.jnry ot Ir 'Min^^'W. Ci'. AMONi), Scot, the h:rr(juiuiii.g w.iter fi-ie b-rc'ers. Cran- burn or brooke, Kc!;', Dorlcr, (dc)C, (;n ti e z; in;;; {'art or brooke inclo;! ng Inirdcrs . C:a'\!;, Yoiki" ti-e ireijling Ip^iiig borders. Cr;i\vtU';;dal'.-\, ,aiih, \v -!no:-. ti:o bortier^ heknv the iprii!;; water llde v :Ie. C:.i\v!i';'j l-'y::-l. th'- inclofing or bor- dci" fpring 'A'atv-r v.t v r,r 'o,d. C:.\;;;i, i'lie'sS, Lii^e. theiu- clofing \v;ircr {id- r ; v:: ;ie. C: Wf i h.'l". l];c :i)':.v:]r'Z -pring v.;\\^:-. Crcytord, ki-nc , :].' i:: ^.'i.ig \reter "'^^r'e:- \::\\' or iijyA. 1 iciicc Ci ,.'■', ;t!i \ui:\oiiv ■ \, ^.■'r ;: ri ; C;:-' , th'/ bor- «icr vN:Ucr coufiiK;^ i. i:::iie, ;'>c fill.:; i^^.iv: '-m : i ' m-.; ; Crag, the iiK'Iciiiiu'' water c^^r.'A ;■;;,; Ci.; .1, ti.,- i"-: ...i; li-.g kr-rc'er, as :; vl\ry c;-.;nis tli: le.^ ; Cr;':ic, or. tlic •'. ,'l--'i befJcr; C;:'-^nv, [ 56 ] in the inclofing Water fide ; Crape, the border water part j Crafh, the border water fide; Crave, the fpring border; Craw, the animal inclofure fliut or bag , Crawl, on the Craw; Creak, and Creeke, the inclofing water border; Cream, about the inclofing Avater; Create, dividing the borders; Credit, at the border fide; Creft, covering the lower fide; Crib, the inclo- fing part; Crier, on the inclofing water border, where goods were fold; Crime, inclofing the high furrounding border; Crinkle, the inclofing water confines place ; Crifp, the upper border fide part ; Criterion, on the inclofing water part or bor- der mark; Critic, the border fide aQion. Croc, Croke, Crockhern and Crockern Tor, Chef. W-mor. Som. the water border, and the water border high part or tower. Crococalana, AncaHer, or Collingham, Line, the inclofing border water bank, the inclofing fpring caflle, and the inclofing water confines vale. Croft caftle, Heref. the border part fide caftle. Croeun, Line, on the border fpring. Cromarty, Scot, the fea fide borders. Cromer, Line. Scot, the furrounding water or fea border. Crofby, Lane. Cumb. the border water fide part or habitation. Crouch bay, Efl". the upper border water bay. Crowherft:, Suff. the foreft border. Crowther and Crowland, Line. Yorkf. the border water bank fide or land. Croxden, Staff, the border water confines vale or foreft. Croyden, Surry, the border den vale or forefl. Cruiclton, Scot, the upper border fide town. Hence Croak and Crock, the water border; Crocodile, on the border water fide place; Croft, the border part iide; Crony, on the border one; Crook, the fea or water border; Crop, the border part; Crofier, on the border fide; Crofs, below the border lide; Crow, the border fpring or animal; Crowd, the fpring water border fide; Crown, on the fpring water border ; Crude, the fpring water confines fide; Cruife, below the border; Crump, the furrounding border part; Crulh, the lower fide or border; Crult, the lower fide part ; Cry, the flowing water. CucKAMSi.EY, Berks, the furrounding fpring confluence water place. Cuckficld, Sufi', the inclofing fpring conijuenee water dwelling place. Cuckmer haven, SulT. the inclofing fpring water mecLiijg tlic lea haven. Cucknev manor, Nott. the fpring water cuniiuence manor. Cudington and Cudling- ton, Surry and Oxon. a town on the inclofing Ipring water fide. Culchit or Cilktth, and Culfurth, Lane. buff, the in- clofing faring water conHucnce fide, ways or fords. Cum and Cumberland, the furrounding fpring water parts, bank fides, or pofieffions, or the pofiefiions of the Cumberi. Cumber- mere, Chef the furrounding fpiing water part mere or lake, Of [ 57 ] or the Cumberi meres; Cumbernland or Cumbernald, Scot* the furrounding fpring water part, high land or ground* Cumerford Wilts, the furrounding fpring water part, or Cu» meri ford or way. Cunethio or Marlbro, Wilts, the inclofmg fpring water fide, or the mere water place border. Cunj' glaflus, the inclofuig fpring water place fide or chieftain, ^nd though Glafs in a remote fenfe fignifies green, yet no names of perfons derive their origin from colours, but the names of perfons and colours come from the names of places. Cun* ningham and Cunington, Scot. Hunt, the inclofmg fpring water confines vale and town. Cunobeline, chieftain of the Trinobantes, chief of the inclofmg fpring water place or Thames. Cungetorix, the inclofmg fpring water border fp'- vereign. Cupre or Cupers, the inclofmg fpring water part fide. Curia or Curra Ottadinorum, N-hum. the borders of the Tyne coafis, or the poilefTions of the Cumberi. Curetes» or the Idaei Daclyli of Phrygia rmd Corybantes, on the lower borders, the high parts on the water parts fides, and the lower or bottom borders, or their guardians. Curraghmore, lie. the fea borders. Curlew mountains. Ire. the border fpring water place mountains. Curwen or Cuhvent, Cumb. on the fpring water place border. Hence Cub, the inclofingor firft fpripg of animal part; Cube, equal parts; Cuckold, a joint holdini? j Cud, the fide inclofmg fpring; Cuddle, on the fuie inclofmg fpring ; Cue, the inclofmg fpring ; Cull, on the inclofmg fpring v/ater place; Cmnbcr, the furrounding fpring water part; Cumulate, extending the common or boundaries ; Cun- ning, on the inclofmg fpring confines; Cup, the inclofing fpring water p.^rt; Cupid, the inclofing fpring pait fide; Cur, a running dog; Curate, the inclofing fpring fide ; Curb, from running ; Curd, without running ; Curl, th^ inclofing fpring water place ; Curfe, below or the lower border. Curt, the border fide; Cufi-om, the inclofing fpring fide dominion; Cutj the inclofing fpiing divifion; Cycle, on the round of fpring or high light. CvMBKi, Chun;bri or Un-ibri, Gonieri, GalHa Comata, and Celtes, fignify tlic vlj-auHih or vale Britains, the dclccuv dants of Gomcr and. his tluee fons, Alkenas, l-tipliath, and Togarmah, wliofe iiAl fi'tticincnts were v. itliin the la;iv:T''s iir mits in Cappatlocia, C^a.aua, Paphlagonia, Ponius, liithyniij Mvila, Ph yKi-'-) and Tioas, on llie iLUxIne L:\ coaiLs Ar.d being pofll:fil;d of the Phrygian letters, and thv- u1c ol (iiipping^ or the wings oi MLicury, they were from tlicnto conducted by the Caberi, tjfNvliuai Gomer or Mercury itcni,! lo have b„VTi onp, into tlv.; molt wdicm paru; ot i-urope, aijiig ilie Adriaiic 1 ^ni [ 58 ] and Mediteranean coafl; planting, draining, cultivating, di- viding, and diltributins; the count' ies along the fea coalts, as they proceeded by the directions of the Caberi, and the form of the Caballa or Phrygian letters. Hiltorians, it is true, with- out conlidcring that there could have been at mod but five na- tions concerned in the plantation of Europe, namely Magog, Mefech, and Tubal, which the fcript«re places as one nation in RulTia and other northern countries, Maadai in Media, Ty- ras in Thrace, Javan in Greece and Afia INIinor, and Gomcr and his fons of courie in the other parts of Europe, and that the foundation for any diftinction of nations betwixt thofe people muft have chiefly arifen from tlie dilFefent nature of countries, climates, employments, cufioms and manners of the people, have difagreed as to the origin of thcfe, as well as moll other European nations, by rcafon of their meeting with fome of every fort of the Japhetan race almofl in every country of Europe, though Gcmer and his ions were certainly the firit planters of the fouthern and weflern parts. But it being very immaterial from which of the fons of Japhet we derive our oririn, or whether we made our firlt migrations from Alia weilward with the fun, or through the northern countries, it, upon the whole, we appear to be of the Japhetan or GeniiiC race, dedincd by providence to the polTe.Tion of Europe, or the ifles of the Gentiles, we need only obferve in general trom hif- torians, that the Cumbri-Galli-Celtes appear to be origi)ialiy but one nation, under the government of the Caheri or Druids, which extended over a confulerable part of Italy, and all bpain, Cxaul, Germanv, and Denmark, uirh the BririlTi and other European iflands, and that from them, except as to Javan and thtJ Turkifli ufurpation, thofe nations which have been fince formed within their limits are derivable. It may not however be improper here to obferve, as to tlie feveral routes from Aha into thefe parts, that they fecm to h'dvc been prefixed accordin^^ to the order in which Gouier and his Ions were at iirll ieated alonii; the Euxin'e fea, by the diviiioii or dillribution of provi- dence; as for inftance, logarmah, %\ho was placed next to Magog in Afi.i, being the lalt that quitted that couiitry, and of courfe, the lafl polTellor in everv cenntrv in Europe, muff con- fcquently have been featcd next Ma.^^og in (iernimy, according to the regular mode ot migration and dilUihution ot countries. For the urdei ;!ud courie oi iiiigralicr.s :\nd piant.:tions oi Europe, bv Gomer and his bands, was lirf!; by GoOiCr himrcii', u^ith his own immediate tribes, do'A'n the i\lc(.iiter:anc,Ki lea into Italy, Spjia, Gaul, Germany, and Britiun; ietrling colonies as he went m 3ach country, and feLLii;g out pollciiiuni ior his ions Aikcnas [ 59 -i Afktnas and To.garmah, who 'vcre to follow liim. On Co- mer's quitting ATia, hisfon Alkenas fucceeded him in his pof- feflions there-, and after a length of time he left tliem to Riph- ath, and removed to thofe which had heen alloted him b\ his father in Europe. Riphnth being by thofe removals in pofTcirion of the frontier countries, made a gradual migration from thence into the vacant pofiV (lions along the Adriatic and the Danube, leaving his Afiatic ftaticn wholly to Togarmah, vho, after fome comnnixture with the race of Javan, and luunding a part of ihe Greek nations, at lad purfued his father's courfe of mi- gration, and fettled colonies in Magna Grecia and other coun- tries which his father had allotted to him in Europe. When anv people became fo enlarged as to want room, they fwarmed forwards in the lame regular order into the vacant pofiellions fet out for them in the next country by their father, who was the firlt pofleflbr thereof by the gift of providence; as for inilance, Gomcr with his followers poHcflid in Caul the countiies be- tween the Loire and Rhine; leaving Vafcones or Gafcoigne and part of Spain for Aikenas, and beyond the Rhine, oppo- fite to the country of the Coritani of Britain, to his fon To- garmah ; and in Britain Comer fccms to haue poilefled Dover, and to h.n'e extended his limits on the fea coafts irom the country of the Coritani to the borders of th<' Durotriges, and weftward on Watling St cet or the Iter Cymborum into North Wales, and from thencj on the fame ftrcet running along the weftern fide of the iiland to Duni.'arrnn in Scotland. Togarmah with his Greeks took pofiC'':;-n of the coTJUtry of the Coritani, and Af- kenasof the v\eu.'rn pat,^ (!i the il!;uid, Vx'hich from its fii nation Wi:s fird diliinguili-.cd by the n.ime of nntain. A lo'tot coa- lition having h.iup<--r.c;l bctw<\n ihj liritons or A(lceni^cs, the lower confines men ;. nl the Comerites, thev p omiicvoufiy fent colonies into Yoikihire and Diiriiam, which extencicd on the eaftern coafts as far as the Firth of Forth, and from their being a commixture of KentilF. and i)ritiiii came to be called Britiantes ; from th.;ir fituaiion on the Fyne, (Jttadmi, andlNicatce; from their dwelling iv cells, vaUs, and lowlands on the fea fide, Selgovae ; a'U tioni then- fivuation on the inclofmg borders Ga- deni. Nortliwarii of this Firth I ogarmah took polleliion of and extended it to i\b;.'r('ccn, trom thence to the Orkneys were co- lonized by the Cadeni and the reft of the Brig;mtes. In the mean while logarnvah wiih his Creeks weie bufily employed in extending their Coritani borders on the weft, Jiorth, and fouth, infomuch as nearly to divide the iiland in the miiift, fo as to form three kingdoms oi it, correfponding with the ftory of Brutus dividing the kingdom between his three fons Locrine, 1 2 Alaanact [ 6o ] Albi^na^, and Csmber, and c^liiiig them T.ojrria, All-»;in!-i» and Cambria, after their name.s, -anti marrying Locrine to GuenHoiena or the Vencti ofWr^ciir.;^ flreer, wherehv Toi!,ar- mah or I^ocrine became poiieiled of tlioie couiurit-s j icriving; the refl to his brothers Beiiiius anJ iVennus, or &.c liritons and Hel^se. But this marriage was probably fom.ewhat of the fame fort as that in (Jaul betwUt Gc.mer or lieruu.'cN, the upper houfej and the daughter of Alefip, the lower snd the cleanfing of the Augean Itabie, and driving Geiion cr Por^ garniah with his Ccti^s out of .'^psiii, info thofc parts vhirh had been allotted him in Germany, oppcfite to thofe of the Cori- tani in Britain. And this coalition of 'logariiiah and the Greeks feems to have been the chief foim(:ation of our divifions in ancient Celtica, and the deilruttion of tiic Trojans and o- ther Gaulifh Gomerian naiions, the elder and governing houfes of Japhet, by the Greeks and Romans, aihfted by the I'ogar- mans and his Greeks, and becomi.ng nialtcrs oi that part of this ifland, which the Welch call i.')ger, the German vale connnee, where many of thofe Greeks and Roman iamiiies, as ■well as Togarmans remain to this day. Dabron'Aj Ire. a country or hilly parts on the divifion fpring water part. Hence Dab and Dabble, the fprir.g water part or place. Dacia, on the Danube, the divifion f ring water part confines. Dacre or Dacore, Cumb the divifion fpring water border. Daftyli, Curecesor Corybantes, rhe divifion fpring water fide place^ family or guar'.lians. Hence Dace, the di- vifion fpring water; Dadlvle, of one long and two fliort icet or meafure in mufick or dancing; Dad, the fide fpring divifion ; Daggle, the divifion fprinir water place; J^.diuy, the inciofing fpring v/at^r part fide ; Dairy, on the fpring waier j arc; Daily, the f ring fide. Dale or Do!, Scot. Wales, and North of England, the di- vifion fpring water place, vale, or holding. D.'1-aley-boge-by- main-iniiton-keith-matia-rca or reudin, Salop, hcot. Leic. Cumb. SulT. the fpring water ; lace divifions, holding^--, or vale, alley, border, dwelling part, incloiVd or narrow part, confines town, water fide, furrounding wutcr fide, or river fide or Cjaujifli pofi'ciTions nr pofielTor.s. I'ede c(>?;fideis the Da'rcudin, l!ie holders or poffenors of the vaks, on the liver fiiies, as a third nation of -cot- from Ireland. But the Welfli look r.pon -yl iht Alcwyd Britons as far ^s Dunbarton, to be froii- the Cuinberi, and Bede admit" the iowh-nd Scots to be o; an Kn- gl;ih origin, and to me they feem to be a branch of the Cum- b beri [ 61 ] beri orWenta Sllurum and Belgarum, who went rrcm Kcttt along Watling ftreet, or the iter Cymbrorum firil into Wales, aad from thence along the fame ftreet, which ran on the wef- tern fide of the ifiand to Dunbarton or Britten. And no other ancient hiftorian mentioned any fuch colony, and the name ^cot is a mere local appellative, fignifying the lower \v?.tcr con- fines or wood fide, and ancient writers meant no other than the Cumberi or Alcwyd Britons, and Novantes or Wenta or vale dwellers ; but vvas it true that thcfe people came from Ireland, their anceftors muft have been before in Britain, and defcen- ded from fome of our Britons. Mence Dale, a part or hold- ing; Dalliance, on the fpring water place fide; l)ally, on the fpring water place. Dam Nil, Scot, on the furrounding fpring water part or vale. Dam and Damgarten, the furrounding or about the fpring water or confines water part fide. Hence Dam and Dame, the furrounding fprinz water part without flowing; Damage, the furrounding fpring water part edge; Damallc, the furrounding fpring water part below its confines ; Damn, on the furrounding fpring water part which was deemed the greateft flavery ; Damp, the furrou'.iding fpring water part; Damlel, the lower or leller furrounding fpring water part. Dan, Dania, Danum, Chefler, Denmark, and Doncafter, at the fide of or below the di\ ifion fpring part or city. Dan- bury-by-denis-efend or Dacorum-monium-monith-tfey-trey or Wcntrey-ubc, Eff. Yorkf. Devon, Herts, Corn. Wales, Wilts, N-ham. on, below, or at the fide of the divifion fpring water burrow, dwelling part, lower vale, border, furrounding wa- ter or fea, mountain, lower fide, water part or Veneti water part town and divifion fpring water part. Hence Dance, on the fpring fide, or under the fpring of mufiek; Dandle, on the fpring divifion water place fide; Danger, below the inclofing water place ; Dangle, on the divifion fpring water place ; Dank, on the divifion water confines. Daphnis, the fon of Mercury, who plighted his faith to a nymph, the divifion fpring water part in the fide or lower part. Hence D<.pper, the faring water part; Dapple, the apple di- vifion. Daf dan or Troy, on the water part fide. Darent or Trent, Nott. the fideor divifion water part. Dar-ioritum-king-kifi:on- ley, Kent, Surry, Staff Dcr. the divifion fpring water part ford, confines, place fide town or dwelling place. Darnii or Antrim, Ire. on the divifion water part fide, rim or border. Hence Darin J, on the inclofing water part or border ; Dark, ilie divifion water part confines, which were covered with wood [ 62 ] ■^'cods nnd rhirketj; Parhn;,,', the iiiclofjn? fpring 'A-nterpI.tcet Dnrt, ihc fide Ipring water part; Daili, the fpring part Jow j Da'e, the Airing p^irt or fide. DavF-NPort. Chef, the gate or port on the ditinon fpring water part. Daubeny, Surry, the divifioi) fprir^^ water part end. l^auphin.or i^olfin, Fraiiec, on the (Hvifion fpring v.'a- tcr part or vale llde, cd^e or head, or a chief holder, lit^e the Englifh Adding. Daurona or Cork, Ire. on the divifion fpring water part border or coiifines. Dawtrey, Surry, the divifion fpring v.-^ter part or touT!. Hence Daub, the divifiori fpring water part-, Daughter, the divifion fpring incloilng water part ; Dawn, on the fpring; Day, the divifion or f))ring divifioji Dea or Dee, N-\V;des, Chef. Scot, the fide or divifion water. Deal, Kent, the fide or diviiion water place. Dean forcfh, Gloc. on the fi;le or diviiion water fcrciL Hence Deacon, on the fide or divifion uater confines; Dead, Death, 2nd Deaf, without fpring; Deal, the fide water'place, the ufual place of exchanging goods; Dear, the divifion or fide water part; Dearth, the divifion water part iide or afide. Desfnt, Surf, on the di\Tfion or fide fpring part. Deben- ham, a vale on the fide fpring part. Hence Debar, the fide fprin i water part or bar; Debark, the lulc fpring water part confines; Debafe, below the fide fpring part; Debate, at the fide Ipring part ; Debauch, the in^c Ipring water part eoi.fines; Debt, the divifion water part, or a payment for the dcteiice of the borders or country. Dece.talus, an appellative of oiT.cc amcngft the Daci, the fpring water place covering border or keeper, as does CaiTibel- lan fignity, the fpring water place or bank keeper; IklJinus, on the fpring water place or bank; Cattiniarus, tlic furround- ing water part or ir.eres keeper; 'lY^utomanis and 1 eutobrchus, the fide Ipring meres or herder keeper; an;l LaiR O!" C^cfh, th.e lower or lefier confines keepers or iervants. Deconibes or De- cumanus, a fuppofed laiiit of Someriet, the fide I'pi'in;: water confn:s pnrt, haven or vale. He i > faid to have landed with one Carentoeus a Hriton, at Carentcui in this county, from South Vv'ales, probably nlhidi ng t(> iou^^ cclonies of the Cum- beri or ^'e^ra Siluruni letrling here. 1 lence Decade, divining the ir.clofing water part; iJ)ecadenev, the lali ol its water; Decaloc;ue. the ten laws ; Decar.^p, wirh'^iit th'^ iiulofipji wa- ter part or camp; Deca;n, dividiiiL' the inelof ng water part on th.e fde; Decav, Vi'i':";c;;t incl^'n^ v/at'-r (ir ccerin ; De- ceit, without fight ; Deck, the <;de coverii^;,^ ; D/ceree, divid- ing the inclofiu'J water yvi"^ or horeeis. Demsters, the iud;e3 or nh'giilrates of the IflecfMan, the [ 63 ] . _ the ifland divifion fpring water paits or diftrj^ls, or the dividers or deereers thereof. Deepdalc-dcn-ham-ing, Surry, Nurf. the divifion fpring; Wnter vale, or a deep or dark vale or den in a fe- condary fenfe Hence Deed, the divifion part; Deep, the fide water part; Deer, on the fide fpring; Deface, dividing the fide part; Defed, M'ithout effect; Defence, the fide or divi- fion fence ; Defi.ic, dividing the border ; Degree, the confines' or furrounding water divifion. Df.ira or Deirhmd, that part of the kingdom of Northum- land as hiy fourh of the Tvue, connprchcndiiig Lane. W-mor. Cumh. fouth of the iitlc water country ; Bernicia, the other part of that kingdom, taking in all the other fide of that river to the Frith of Kdenbuirov, fignifving on the inclofing fpring water upper part. Hence 1. eject, and Deign, as from an high part low, like tlie funs ravs on the earth, or from nouh co feuth. DhLC.oviTiA or Wighton Yoikf. the inclofing fpring fide vale or town. L'clta, a citv of Syria, and an ifland ot che Nile, the divifion fprin;^ water place fides or poiieiuons. Delvin, Ire. the divifion water or vaie edge. Hence, Delay, the di' vifion Ipring water place which occafioned delay; Dele,\nes having nniiie ule of the fame names as tile iiritains and. C imhri^ aP'i ,;reording to tiie leniun, Mur. oi Corn- wal fide, deep part or vale. Dcrdburrow, Yorkf tl,^ f.J.c or divifion f.ring lide buirow. Hence Deuce, thedivi;ior, fpring fides ; Deveft, the diviuon fpring hjwer iidc or ui;eo\viing; Deviate, from the fpring fide; Device, the diviiiua fpring fidci [ 65 ] jfide; Devil, the divifion fpring p]ace; Dcvife, the dividing the fides or pofleffions; Devote or Demote, at the furrounding water part fide, places of devotion being furrounded with water ormoted; Devolve, the rolling of pofleffions; Dew, the fide, furface covering, or dilated or divided fpring water; Dexterous, the inclofing water part divifion. Diana, faid to be the chaftc goddcfs of hunting, whofc temple was in Bithynia, the inclofing fpring water divifion or fide, or the fpring water inclofurcs or borders. DicSlum, Digan- wy, or Ganoc, N-Wales, the divifion or inclofing water fide ; Dicul or Culdec, the inclofing fpring water fides, divifions or dividers. Digby, Rut. Line, the iide or divifion water part or habitation. Dillon, Ire. the divifion or fide water place bank or lane. Dilfton, N-hum. the fide or divifion water place fide town. Din, Dinan, or Dinas, Salop, Wales, Scot, the inclofing or inclofed fide or city. Dinder, Flcrcf. the inclo- fing water part fide or hill. Dingle, or Smcrv/ic, Ire. the in- clofing or lefTer furrounding water place fide or ftreet. Ding- wal, the inclofing fpring water place fide. Dinnet head, at the inclofins fide head. Dis or Difs, Norf the lower fide. Difert, N-Wales, the lower water part fide. Ditch or Diche Marfh, Yorkf. the mere ditch or inclofing fide or part. Dit- ton, or Dichton, Surry, Camb. be'ow on the divifion water fide. Divitiacus, chieftain of the Suefilon.cs of Belgic Gaul, the inclofing fpring water fiac or Seine chieftain. Divodurum, the fide fpring water part gate. Divona, the fpring divifion or fource. Hence Dial, dividing place; Dialogue, di\i{ling difcourfc; Diaper, dividin:;; the parts ; Dice, dividing the fides; Dictator, at the ii^.clofinr; water fide nv.ni; Die, from or out of fpring or without; Dig andDir'', the divi'.iiu;^ fide water; Dilaccrate, dividing tlic water place at the incloii,!:; water part or border; Dilate, dividing the fi;' : pLice or part;.. Dim, without the furrountliug fpring ; Din, c i the fiile Ipi ing or car ; Dip, the fitlc fpring part; Dire, ihc i!iviu;:n or dai k water; Direcl:, the divificn water confines or biMd.jr fide or pofleffions; Dirt, at tiie water part fide; Diiab'e, Vv-ithoiit, below or at the h^wcr fide of the fprii)g, or ^^ ate; {"i-'ing place, or under the liilc or groujid ; Diiclaini, v,;tIior't or i~e;ov,- tiic inclofing water place lide; Difiu-m, without trie :vnis; i^is or- diOi, the l(j\ver o. under ii.le, or a p-.-.rt privative or\\ithout f[)ring; Difk, a fide or part fiuit, flat nr ci-ikcncd ; Dilcct, dividing the ind'Hi!;;-; or I'li'rcnux'ing 'iee^ or parts; Diiianr, the fide below ilio lide or hoid-.r; Idiid, iho fnie iajwing part; Hifiricl, the fu]c', or lolllr i:^Ioi.ei.; ^v;la■l• y.art fiaes or poflellions; Dif'.inion, dividing or iwp.a".,'ir:' a;i -aiiivU ; Dil- K uie. [ 66 ] life, without life ; Ditch, the fide inclofing water; Due, the fide fpring or unfeen; Divers and Divert, the fide fpring, or fpring water divifions; Diveft, the fide fpring lower fide; Di- vide, the fide fpring divifion; Divine, on the lower or future fpring divifion; Divorce, the border fpring fide divifion ; Di- urnal, on the furrounding fpring divifion; Dizen, inclofing the lower fide. DoBHAM, Yorkf. the furrounding fpring water part or border, vale or home. Dobuni or Boduni, Gloc. Oxon. tlic inclofing fpring water part borders. Dotlan, Scot, below or on the boundary water fide. Dodbrooke, Devon, the border fide brook. Dodington, Chef, a town on the boundary fpring water fide, Dol-gc!ley-Avyddelen-zel, N-Wales, Scot, the cell, fpring fide bank or low vale. Donegal or Tir Connel, Ire. on the vale or Gaulifli borders, or the corner or inclofed water place. Done-main-maws, Ire, on the fea or fpring fide boundary or border. Dore, Dor-chefter-dan-manchefter-mcr- nford, Heref. Dorfet, Oxon. Hunt. Bucks, the furrounding water part or border fide, gate, j)ort, lower part, city, city part, and ford or way. Dove, Staff. Dcr. the boundary fpring. Dover, Dorober, or Dubris, Kent, the fpring wa- ter part on the boundary water, a harbour, haven, port or water gate. Dounamvenny, Gloc. the parts about the furrounding fpring water. Dow-ard-bridge-nham or Dunum, Yorkf. Heref. N-ham. Sufi'. Norf. Ire. the furrounding fpring or ri- ver part, fide, bridge, or vale. Hence Do and Done, inclo- fing or dividing the fide or boundary, and the boundary in- clofed ; Dock, a fnut or inclofed water part; Dog and Doge, the boundary or country chief; Dogma, over the country chief do6lrine; Dolphin, the chief holder; Domain, the houfe or lands inclofure, or the chief furror.nditig border, or v^'hat is in- cluded within a man's own borders, as of his own original right, without the gift of another ; Domefday, the divifion of the kingdom ; Don, on the boundary; Door, from the bor- der; Dorn's Pence, on the furrou:iding water part gate j-ience, or a coinage of brafs and filver, for the difeharge of portage at Dorchciler, which was commonly ca'led king Dron's jience ; Dot, tlie furrounding part ; Double, the fpring diviiiun water place; Doubt, the fpring divifion pp.rt ; Dove, a tame or un- der covering animal; Dower, tiie border divifion ; Dow;i, on the inclofing fpring v/atcr, which is low or down; Doxy, the boundarv water confines or companion. Draicot, Staff, the inclofing water y?.rt fide or wood, as beinj; on the border fitle. Drditton, Salop, tlie water part fide i;ov>'n. Dramorc, Ire. the fea or furrounding water part or r 67 ] or moor, if it happened to be a moor as was commonly the cafe on the borders. Hence Drab or Draff, a divided Ipring water part; Draft, a divided water part fide; Drag, Draw, Dray, and Drake, the fide water part confines; Dram, the furrounding water part; Dreadfnl, the fide water part full ; Dream, the fide furrounding parts ; Drear, on the fide parts ; Drain, the Inclofing water part; Drefs, inclofing the lower part or covering. Driby, Line, the fide water part or habitation. Drifheld, Yorkf. the fide water part dwelling place. Drighlington, Yorkf- a town on the inclofing water part fide. Drinien, Scot. on the fide water part border. Drimlar, Scot, a place on border fide. Dripooie, Yorkf. the fide water part poole, lake, or furrounded water place. Hence Dribble, the fide water part llowing place; Drink, inclofing the water; Drip, the high water part; Drive, the fpring water part; Drivel, the fide fpring flowing part; Drizzle, the fide water part place, which are the properties and accidents of water places. Drogheda, Ire. along the furrounding water part. Droit- wich. Wore, tlie furrounding water part fide confines or fl-reet. Hence Droll, on the furrounding water place ; Drone, on the furrounding water part; Drop, a furrounding water part; Drofs, the furrounding water part fide; Drought, the furrounding water part iluit; Drown, in the furrounding wa- ter part; Drowfy, at tlie fide of the furrounding fpring water part. Dru IDES and Dryades their nymphs, the divifion fpring water part fides or dividers, or the chicrtains or heads of cians ; As the llory told by Parthenius, of a chieftain of the Cavares on the bank of the Khofncs ficrificing the wife of Xanthus, for her criminality towards her hufband, winch no boJv but a druld could do, feems to confirm. Drurn-albiu-bougli-lanrig-ond, Scot. Cumb. the furrounding fpring water on the hill parts, confines part, water bank, and on the iule or moun.tain as it happened. Drury, Norf. on the fpring water part. Drufo- magus, Gaul, the furrounding d.ivifion, or nndillc fpring wa- ter confines gate. Drylton, ^e.^t. a town on the iprinfj water part. Dryiloke, Leic. the without water fide llation. Jiencc Drub, the fpring water part, which beats at^iinll: the fea ; Drudge, the fide fpring water part edge; D'hd-, ihc fur- rounding water, iea or founding p-.iit; Dry, wed };..it vviiiiout water. DUBLIV, Dulin, Eblana, or Bala Clei.;h, Ire. tlic divifion fpring water place, \'Oolc or vale, wideh th.e Irifh rcn.lcr a town of hurdleSj a^ liaviiig its foundalioa oi huidl:;, but nioft K 2 lively [ 68 ] likely from its bcini^ o iginnlly bui't of hurdles, watlcs, or wickers, like Hen. II. palace there built of Watles, after the manner of the country, ^Vicklow and Tu Gwin, the princes palace in Wales. Duck, the fpring viatcr part confines. Dudden, Lane, the divifion fpring fide den or vale. Dudley, Stafl". the divifion fpring fide place or dwelling place Dug- dale, the divifion fpring water confines vale. iJuylas, Lane. Scot, the divifion fpring water confines place, or green idace. Dui, Wales, the divifion f.n'ing or its fides. Duhs'ich, Surry, the divifion fpring v/ater place confines, ftreet or fortified part. Dum-barton or britton-bliuie-norix-frife-na, Scot. Gaul, the furrounding part, bar or Britiih town, bank, chieftain, fide or lower part, and a part, i^-un or Dunun, on the divifion fririg bank, hill or town, Dun-bar-barton-canon-dalk-dafs-dcc- eaden - efly - evet - ferniling - gar\ an glas hili-keld-keran-ketcn- kirk-loch-macus or magu; -riiow-ing-etyr-robin-fcot-fany-.'la- burgh-ftafag-ftablc-ftaville-iier-v.'ir.iiden, Scot. lie. Yorkf. Corn. "Wilts, Flanders, LiV Imj;!:-, SuiT. Leic N-hum. Bedf. Devon, on the divifion in i.Mg p^irt cr bar, b:'r town, bonier, water place confine", kiV,-":- i.-if cr fide, fide, water den. vale or town, lower fide, ab;>:^ej iL:r: icundiiig v,-ater part bank, '.va'cr part confines, conlijie- pi'cej b.ill, incl.'fing Vv'ater place or coll fide, border or wat:::i- borc'c^r, confines, tov-n, lake, chieftain, fortified hili, incloiure, v.-atcr ficie, border part, the lower incloung water or iea fie: .', oi: tl-;e fea or lov.'er l;de ila- tion burrow, wriler past ib;;!;;]!, b.iuk or hill Iratir )! p'ace, inns or {tables, ^rtiou dwebinLr f^'iac: or village, I: ie water part, ftreet inelofed or fortified, "ud inclofirg uater i'dc vale. Du}-ilin, Sent, the d:vii;On Ipriiig -»art bank. Dur-dcn oco, Ocobrivce, Wcruncr or lledoorn hanvinciTe-N'r.aria or Dor- cheftcr, Obernium or Can.terbury-ouievis, L^orii-ord or Ro- chcficer, ocafes-ocotcruni-olenuni or Lenivn'i-onponte or Gor- mancheRcr-Otrig'.e, Dorot:i;?;e or Dcnet, f;ercfi ^\'ales, Herts, Dnr. Scot. Dorfet, Kent, JIuiit. t.-.j tli\irrn fi^iii'g v.atervaie or fide, mere-, borders or \'"eneti mere;, ^ale, in the lower fide, on the fea or h.aven, dwelling part or KLntiih dwelling part, way, ford, eitv or incloied place, lower fi'ie, inclofing border, bank, i'nrrcniuling fitles, parts or of the AVa- pontacbe, and on tlie v. .;ter part or Is .^ lii'e or g.i^: part. Dutch, Teutcii, o: Tuileo, the fide or di', !:b^n lower confines or cuntry, it-> pn.fep.t Fiebjic or Kat.nian in.nabi'r'.nts being alwavj leaied on ttie Rhine. Du''';n, Chcfi tiie di\iiion Sprint: f: \'^ town. Dvvi, ^Vale,:, t';e diMlion l]:ir:ng ;\arcr. Dynevo-, a cafilc on the ti^p of a intl lait irom C.irniarthen, f.ipnolvd to Ivavc been, the thief icudeiice of the princes of ...1, [ 69 ] South Wales, a hill or fortified place, or city on the furround- ing water part. Hence Dual, the divifion ipring water place; Dub, the divifion fpring part; Dubious, dividing the ipring part; Ducal, on the divifion fpnng confines; Due, from the divifion fpring ; Dug, the fide fpring water fhut; Dull, on the divifion fpring water place ; Dumb, furrounding the di- vifion fpring part; Dun, the divifion fpring one or man; Dupe, dividing the f ring part; Dur, the divifion fpring, or the fpring water ; Dufi:, the lower fide divifions; Duty, the divifion fpring fide; Dwell, on the divifion fpring water place ; Dye, without fpring ; Dynafi:y, the government di- vifion. Eadburg, Kent, the water fide fpring or dwelling part or burrow. Ealandon, War. on the wacer bank or lane fide or land. Earles-dike-crofs-town, Yorkf. ^cot. the inclofing wa- ter place, or carles dike, crofs and town. Thirlftan, the in- clofing water fide or carles town. Earles Coin, on the carles incloiing fpring water place. Earles dike, near Bridlington, \. 'as made by the carles of Holdernpfs, as a boundary betwixt i'.!c Gabrantovici or Brigantes and the Pontes, Wapontaches» or Coritani, where the earl prefided, as did the lord over the Lair Merncy in Efi^ex, till they were made merely official, by Alfred's veiling their power in a vifcount or (lierilT of his own aprointment, and the lords power of courfe in himfelf. Earle feemstobe a tranfpofition of Lares, Lars, Lards or Lords, the fons of Lara by Mercury, fignifying over the fpring water places, or the river boundaries, or the heads of the Tufcan clans or tribes, like the bards, barons, or knights amongft the Britons, and alderman over the fea- faring and mercantile parts. Eall Angiia, the fea or water fide corner or angle, or the eafl:ern corner from its fituation in a fecondary fenfe. Eafl- bourn, Sufi", the l"ca fide neiglibourhood. Eafler, at the fea fide Icafoa. Ealtcrford, or Eaft Sturlord, Eil". the water iidc ford or way. Eaflcrling, or Sterling, Scot, the lowland in- clofing water part or confines. Kaftonefs, Sufi", the lower water fide border promontoiy. Kafl Mean "V^ari, Hants, on the fea fitie middle or divifion fpring water place, as Welt Mean is ;'nc inclofing fpring lower fide part. Eator., Be:ks, on the border water. Eaugh, Ire. the confined fpring water. Eay, SulT. the water. Hence Each and Eager, the water or river fitics or confines; Ear, on the fpring; Earldom, the carles limits; Early, the fpring water place; Earn, on the ipring; l'.;irnelL, on the Ipring lower fide ; Earth, the v/ater lides, divifions, par'.o or pollefiiouij; Evile, the w^uer fitle, lowcii. [ 70 ] loweft place, or on the fide; Eaft, the lower water or feafide; Eat, at thefpring water J Eaves, the fide water part. Ebba, or Ebbes fleet, Kent, the flowing fpring water part or ilood. Ebburton, GIoc. the flowing Ipring water part town. Ebchefler, Dur. the fpring water part city. Ebercur- ney, a monattcry on the Tyne, whereof Trumwyn was abbot according to Bede, on the border fpring water part. Eblana, Ire. the faring water part bank or vale. Eboracum, or York, the border fpring water part confines or city. Eburovices, on the river Ure, at Eureux in Normandy, the fpring water part confines or ftreets. Eburones, near the Ourt in the Nether- lands, on the fp'ing water parts or the burrows. Hence [■ bb, the flowing water part; Ebriety, the fiowing water part fide; Ebniition, on the flowing fpring water part fide. EccLESHALL, Stall", on the inclofin^; water place, or a ball thereon. Hence Eccentric, the inciofing water part con- fines, wdiich is from the center; Ecclefiaftic, the inciofing water fide confines or covering ; Eclat, at the inclofirig water place; Eclipfe, the feeing part inclofed or fhut; Eclogue, the country difcourfe. Economy, the fhutting the furrounding parts; Extacy, the lower inciofing water fide confines. Edelingham, N-hum. the inciofing water placeor hold- ing vale or home; and Adeling, or Edeling, the heir appa- rent, he was fo called from his being the holder or defender of thofc boundaries, or of England, or Ing-land, the kingdom ]and or boundaries, or Ci-ing or Kyngdom, the limits of the Ing, Kingdom or England chief. EDENorEaden, and Eden-burrow, W-mor. Scot. Syria, Cilicia, and ether parts on the I\Iediterranean coafts, and tlse garden of Adam, the inciofing divifion of earth and water, the divifion fpring water parts, or the vale and the vale burrow. Edern, N-Wales, on the water part. Ederingion, Sufi", a town on the inciofing water part. Ldgcomb, Com. the water edge vale. Edge hill, War. tlie bortlcr w;;tcr or edge hill. Edgcware, or Edgwor'ih, Pvjidd. the ficic Ipring v.'atcr or bor- der edge. Edington, or Eathandun, Wilts, the inciofing water fide or edge town. Eden, in Phrvgia and Thrace, on the divifion fpring water part or vale. Hence 1 d 'y, the double or divided water fpring-. Edge, the water fide or confines; EKiity, tlie water fide part; Edition, on the w.itcr fide; Edu- e.i'e, at the divifion fpring confines, the fc;it of learning. Moitcfthe many attempts made towards a difeoverv oi the u- ti.ation of the paradifal garden, fix it in the neigliboiirlicod of the r.icdiierraneav.. To mc it feems probable tf.at ic ILod op- ^■.;fite t!:e Nile, in the jNlLuiterranen vulc, whiih has been iince 4 tG^e:cli [ 7' 1 covered by that fea, as have been many others by the fens and gulphs that were all formed by deluges, except the ocean -which furrounded the contuients of Afia, Europe, and Africa. For the prophet Ezekiel, where he fpeaks of the merchanis of Eden trading to Tyre, probably meant thofe of the Mediterranean fea ; and Moles, in faying that the garden of Eden was planted caflward of Eden, and flocked with all forts and kinds of trees, vegetables, and animals, muft mean a more extenuvc fpot than has hitherto been affigned, for a garden that was to pro- duce, fupport, and ferve for the increafe of fo many things, and had the Euphrates, the elevated and divided Nile, and two more large rivers for the watering or overflowing of it. But it feems mofl: probable that Eden or the vale was the ground now covered by the Mediterranean fea, and that the river which went out of P'den to water or overflow the garden, that was parted and had four heads or fources, were the Tanais, the Nile, and the Euphrates, above and below the garden, which eaflward of the garden was lb called, as beir.gtliC fpring part fide, and after it paft the garden weflward towards the fea Hiddekel, the vale length water to the fea; and the Pifon c;- compafllng the land of Havilah, fignifies on the lov/cr or fun fetting part or Europe, the border of the upper or eaflern dwelling place, as does Gihon which encomnalfed the land of TI'vthiopIa, or the fun ilde part fignify, inclofing the fun fide, or dividing Africa from Afia; and aniber, gum, aga, an(? gold have been found in the northern pats, not far from the Tanais. And if the deluge did not form thofe feas, and divert the courfe of the 1 anais and Euphrates, though it is faid than the Euphrates once went a different courfe, the Tanais rni^ht mean the Euxineand other feas to the MeditrrraiK'nn, wlu^re might be the borders of tiic garden, but it iccn\s uiore proh.abiC that the Nile joining tlie Tanais, was its 'ov/cr or vv-ffceru Ixn- der, that the Eu;,hratcs runniiig from the cnil: (!iv;(icaglcynne, and Ing-le-ilh, even in the time of the Heptarchy, the water inclofing, Angles or Ifle land, Kingdom or Ki-ing or Kyngdome ; Angles being n tranflation of Ifceni, the corner Iflaiul ; as is Anglefea, the fea Illandandlng in the Ancient Britifli dialecl of the Celtic an appellative exprefTive for a part wholly inclofed by water or otherwife, as are Ang and Eng of Ji corner fo inclofed, and Ong of a place wholly covered by wa- ter or otherwife, as appears under Ang, Eng, Ing, and Ong. Elence Enable, inclofing the fpring water place ; Enchant, on the inclofing water fide ; Enclofe, a locking or fliutting in the fide water place •■, Encounter and Encourage, on the border edge or fide ; Encroach, on the border confines ; Encumber, on the furrounding fpring water part ; End, the inclofing fide ; Endlefs, the place below the inclofing fide ; Endorfe, below the inclofing fide border ; Endow, the inclofing fide fpring circle or border ; Endue, the infidc fpring ; Endure, the inclofing fide fpring; Endwifc, the iiiclofing fide fpring from below ; Enemy, the furrounding one; EnfeoiT, inclofing a part off j Enfilade, an inclofed fide place part ; Enforce, in or on the furrounding water part fide ; Eniranchife, within the inclofing water part confines fide; Engage, the inclofing water edge ; Engliih, the water inclofing place or llland ifiue ; Engrave, the Avater inclofing border p.uts, the prototype of engraving, v/riting, and engrofiing ; Enjoy, in the circle ; Enlarge, in- clofing the place on the confines; f^nough, the fpring water circle inclofed ; Enrol, on the border waccr place ; Enfign, the fign one ; Enfue, on the fpring ; Entail, ou the fide place or race; Entangle, on the fide Angle; Enter, in the ildc water part ; Entice, the lower or female fide ; Entire, the inclofing water fide ; Entity, a part or fpring within the fides or covering ; Eniry, in the fide water part ; Envy, in the way ; Envoy, on the way. EpfDAMN'i;M, Dyrrhaclum or Durazzo in Macedonia, on the furrounding water dam or iloppcd up part. Epidium oi Epidion, one of the Hebrides, or weftera Hies of Scotland, the weflern water fide p:irt. Epping Eoreif, P^fi". the inclofing part foreft. Epfom or Eblham, Surry, the fpring water part fide vale or dwelling part. Hence Epact, bcfides the inclofing fide ; Epic, on the rcnfines or country part -, Epilogue, an after dif- courfe ; [ 75 ] coui fe ; EpifoJc, the part below the ode ; Epiftle, tlie part below the flile ; Epitaph, befide the covering part ; Epithet, the part at the fide; Epitome, the furrouiuling borders part j Epocha, the furrounding part fhut. Eraugh, Ire. the water inclofed country or promontory, Erdburrow, Leic. the fid"; water burrow. Erdefwick, StaH". the fide water, ftreet, fortification, or city. Erdini or Ferma- nagh, Ire. on the fide or furrounding water parts confines. Erdeley, Hercf. the lower fide water place. Erebus, a river of hell, the fpring water part. Erefby, Line, the iide water part or habitation. Eridge, Sufl". the water edge or ford. Erlllon, Scot, the Avater place fide or carles town. Erm- ing or P>min Street, through Camb. Hunt. Norf. Suff. on the furrounding water fide or edge ftreet ; or as it went from Southampton to Monmouth or St. David's, or from the fouth to Carlifle ; it may, in a remoter fenfe, fignify the mine ftreet, as mines and ores were originally found along the fea coafts, from whence their names arc derived. Ern, Scot, the in- clofing high or difmai water. Ero and Leander, the fea and river. Eryth or Ervthcia, Kent, Camb. Ionia, the water fide way, paflage or ford. Erwafli, Nott. the water wafli or low fpring waters. Erwy Forth or Erw'r Forth, N-Wales, the fpring water gate paifage part or port. ELence Era and Ere, the fpring or fpring water courfe ; Eretl, fpringing up the fides or parts ; Eremite or Hermit, at the water border fide ; Err, on the water ; Errand and Errant, on the inclofing water fide; Erft, the fpring iower fide; Erudition, on the fpring water fide part ; Eruption, the water up the fide or fur face. EscouRT, Wilts, the lower inclofing water or border fide or court. Efcricke, Yorkf the lower inclofing water or border fidcj or creek. Efcuage, the lower inclofing fpring edge ; Elquire or lower horfeman or knight. Elk and Eflex, Scot. Cumb. EfiT. the inclofing water fide. Efchequer or Scaccarium, over the tax or efcuage. Efcheate, below the inclofing water fide. Efijngton, N-hum. the inclofing water place fide town. Eflcnden or Efton, Rut. vale, home or town on the fide. Ef- trey, below the fide water. Hence Efcape, below the fiiut part ; Efchar, on the loAvcr covering or border ; Efcort, the lower border fide ; Efpeclal, on the lower confines part ; Efpy, the lower or fide part ; Efi^ay, the lefler or lower attempt ; El- fence, below the feen -, Eftrange, below the inclofing water part fide ; Ellerling, the lowland inclofing water place, or a coin thereof called in contradiftinO:ion of the highlands ; Eftoppels, below the border water parts or out of poflefilon ; L 2 Eftovers. [ 76 ] Ei^overs, fprlng? of wood below the borders, which belonged to the prince or lord ; Kfiuary, water lower fide. Etcce'i um Oi- Wall, Stafi~. the border v.'v.ter fide or the wall. Ktrnri:i or Tui"c;n, Itaiy, en tiie iide or lower water. Hence Ete'nal, on the iurrounding Ipring fide ; Ether, the covering or i]:y water ; Ethic, on th.e pofieiTion or country ; Etymolo- gy, a difcourfe en the iurrounding fprin^s or words, which are the jpriiigs of truth. Etymology no longer flands on (o prc- caricui a looting as analogy or mere conjectures, but is re- duced to as much certainty as any other icience, and may, per- haps, icrv:^ as the critcrioii of truth. EvA.VDER, an /Orcadian, who drove the Aborigines out of It-dy, and built a tov/r. v/herc Rom^e no.v Hands, the inclofmg I'pring water pa: t or tlie Tiber. Eveniade, r)xon,the inclofing Spring water pl?.ce fide or country, Eui:.- and Eubcea, Scot. G'ceee, the inclofing f.ring water part. Evcilh.otor Eve-fliot, Dorfet, the (hut fpring v.-ater pi i-.e. E'/el and Evel mouth j Som, the fpring v/ater place or mouth. Everley and Eburlcgh, Wilts, the fpring water part place or d '.veiling place, Everf- don, Herts, the ip;ing v.'ater fide town. ' Eyefham or Eulham, Wore, the fpring fide or fide fpring vaie. Eumer, Yorki". the furrounding water or mere Ipring. Euphrates, a river, rifing in Armenia, the fpring water part fide. Eure, Euer or Wcr, Bucks, the fpring v/ater. EufJalc, Scot, the fpring fide vale. Eufdon, Suff. the fpring fide town. Euxiiie fea, the inclofing v.'ater or fpring v/ater. Ewe and Ewel, Devon, Kent, Nor- mandy, the fpring or fpring water place, Ev^^elme, Oxon. the furrounding fpring yyater place. Ewias, Heref the fprinj^ or Wey fide or valley. Hence Evacuate, from the inc.ofing fpring water fide; Evade, from the fpring fide; Evaixirate, a fpring from the border fide ; Eve or V'igil, the fpringina; iiiT fide; Evcii, the eve or fpring in or finit ; Even, the fpring in the ficles or pofleilions ; Ever and EAcrv, tiiC i'pring ; Eugh, the high fpring or a tree ; E^■il, the fprmj; water place ; Eu!o:;y, the luirOunding fpring water place confines or dif- courfe; Eunuch, one without the animal fprin.r ; Euphony, the furrounding Ipring part ; Ev,-c, the fpring or animal or the animal ; Ewer, the ipring water ; F.M'aye, the fprin-; water edge or eonnne^, or a toil paid for tlic liberty of a paifage or waterage. Ex, Ecc, Ec?, Devon, the fide or lower water. Excefter, Exceter, or Ecreter, the fide or lower water part confines, inclofed io tific.ition or city. I'~xminller, the iide water mo- riafi/^ry. Exmorc, the fide water more or furrounding pai.,;. Hence Exadt, the inclofing water or border a6t ; Exalt, on the 4. fide [ 77 ] fide water i Examine, the ficle water edge or confines ; Ex- ample, the furrounding fide water place, as a model or pattern ; Exalperate, at the lower fide water part ; Except, out of the fide water part ; Exchange, the fide water conlnies or fliut ; Excife, the fide water lower confines; Exile, cut of or from the fide water place ; Exift, out of the lower fide or furface j Exit, outfide ; Exotic, out of the inclofing ilde or country; Expanfe, out at the inclofing part fides or extended ; Expel, out of the coniincs water place ; Expert, at the fide water fpring parti Expofe, below the fide water part; Ex,.refs, the fide fpring wator pa;t below or at the fca i\de, or the fpring out at the fca fide ; P.xtend or Extent, out on the fides; Ex- ternal, on the inclofing water part outfide ; Extreme, the furrounding water outfiile. Eya or E\e, ElT. Sufl^. the fpring or fpring water. Ey- mouih-fteney-nfham-thorp, Scot. Suif. Line. Bucks, the fpring water mouth, lower fide, inclofing fide vale or water gate. Hence Eye, the fpring of fight ; Eyre, over the fpring cither of wood or water. Fabf.ria, an illand jn the German fea, the furrounding water part part. Fabaris, Italy, the fide or lower fpring wa- ter p.rt. Eair-forland, Ire. the fpring water part foreland. Fair-ford, Gloc. the fpring water part ford or way. Faken- ham, Norf. a vale on the inclofing fpring water part. Faleria, Tufcany, on the fpring water place or vale part. Falkirk, Scot, the fpring water place or vale border, flnit, in.clofure, fortiiication, meeting place, church or city. Falkland, Scot. tiiC Incloiing fpring water place, bank fide or land Falkefley, Staff, the inclofing fpring water place, fide place, leet or palace. Falmouth, Corn, the fpring water place mouth. Fanelham, Germany, the inclofing fpring water place vale. Fanum, Germany, Italy, Greece, the inclofing fpring part or a temple. Fare, Farendon, and Farley, Staff. Berks, Som. the fpring water part, a town on the fpring water part, and the fpring water part place. Farmington, Ciloc. a town on the furround- ing fpring water part edge Earn, and Farnham, N-hum. SuiT. Bucks, Surry, the inclofing fpring water part or vale. Fallcaflle, the lower or fpring water part fide caftle. Fau- burn, Ell", a dwelling on the ipring part. Faunus the fon of Fieus, and father of Latinus, the third king of the Aborigines ot Italy, and Fauna, an Italian goddefs, the inclofing fpring part. Fawey, and Fawfeley, Corn. N-ham. the fpring water part, and the fpring water part fide place. Fax, Yorkf. the inclofing fpring water part. Hence Fable, on the fpring wa- ter place; labrickj an yiclofing or brick part; Face, the fide pait ; [ 78 ] part ; Factor, the inc'ofing fide or acling nan ; Fail, from flowing or fpringing; Faiiir, the incIoHng i'pring part fide, or off iiu infidej Fair, the faring part ; Fahe, belov/ or at the fide of the fprnig water phice ; Fame,*the furrounding fpring part; Family, the fiirrcninding fpring place or race; Fan, on the fpring part, Fane, Fanatick, and Fancy, the fan or fpring of wind part; Far, on the fpring water part; Farther, on the fpring water part fide; Fartheft, below or at tl:c fide of the fpring water part fide; Fare, on the fpring water part; Fare- wcl, dwell on the fpring or growth; Farm, the furrounding fpring water or inclcfed part; Farthing, Fcrling, Fardingder.;, Fardel, Farundel, Qu^adrantata, or a rocd, the fpring v.a'.cr part parting inclofure, divifion, holding or rent ; of which two made an oblota, halfpenny, or two roods, and two of thefe made a denariata, an acre or a pennv; 12 pence, or acres, made a (hilling, or folldala; 20 {hillings, or 240 pence cr acres made a librata terra, or rent; 40 fiii lings, or 480 pence made a military fee, maenols, or manors; 12 manors and 2 villes made a commot, and 2 comniots made a canton, bur- rough, flreet, or ico pofieifions, military fees, or freclioldi each, according to fome admenfurations, but others make it fomcwhat more, befides waftcs and commons, which were di- vided into townPnips, tythings, or tens, and thofe again fub- divided into villages, farms, and cottages. There were a!fo farthings, halfpennies, and pen)iies of gold, anfwering the Oji;ar- tcr, half, and a whole noble, or 6 fliillings and eight pcjice ; Fafl, a part below a covering; Fat, at the fide part ; Fatal, on the fpring fide part; Farther, the fide or divifion fpring" part; Faufet, the fide fpring water part; Favour, the border fpring part; Fawn, the inclofing fpring part. Feck EN HAM, Wore, the vale or foreft on the inclofing fpring water part. Felden, War. the fpring v/ater place fide, fen or vale. Fells, Lane, the low fpring v/atcr places or fens. Felciing, N-ham. the inclofing fpring water place fide. Feld and Feltwcll, Norf. the fyriug water place fide or dwelling. Fern Dltton, Camb. a fen on the fide part. Fenten Gollan, Corn, a fen below the inclofin^^ water bank. Fenwick, N-hum. the inclofing fpring part confines, flreet, or fortified part. Ferbille, Ire. the fpring water part dwelling place or village. Ferden, Germany, on the fpring water part iidc. Feringham, SuiT. the inclofing fpring water part vaie. Fermanagh, Ire. the inclofcd water or lake parts. Fermoy, Ire. the fea or fur- rounding water part. Ferncby, Lar,c. the inclofing fpring water part or habitation. Fertulogh, Ire. the lake fide water part. Fcitiniog, N-Walcs, the fpring part udc below the fea. Fcfcenium, [ 79 ] Fefcenlum, Tufcany, the lower inclofing or confines water part- Fetherflon, and Fetherftonhaugh, Stafl". Cumb. the high fpring water fide town. Fetiplace, horn. Berks, the fide fpring part place. Feverfham, Kent, the fpring water part fide vale. Fewcs, Ire. the fp'ing water parts, fides, fens, or woods. Hence Fealty, the fpring water place fide, or the country defence; Fear, on the water part; Feall, the water part lower fide; Feat, at the fpring water part; Feather, the fide fpring part; Feature, on the fpring water part fide, or the fliadiow in the water; February, on the fprina; part; Feculent, the fpring water confines bank fide; Fecui;ditv, on the fpring Avatcr confines fide; Federal, on the fide fpring water part or border; Fee, OiF anoth-irs fprinL"; part or border, allodium being a member of the ancient poJcifons; Feed, of the fpring partdivifion; Feel, on the fide fpring part; Fell, on the fpring v.'ater place; Felicity, the fpring water place confines fidej Felon, or Fe-cloin, the removing below the borders or ravifhing, contrary to Fealty and ciigairement of frank pledge; Female, the furroundi'iig fpring part; Ftn, an inclofed or fluit fpring water part ; F.ikx-, a file inelofing part ; Fend, a fide inclofing part; Feed, or Feoi", tlie furrounding ip^ing water partdivi- fion; Ferine, and Ferocious, in the foreft; Ferment, the fur- rounding on the fides ; Ferry, on the Ipring water part; Fer- tile, the fpring water part fide place; Fervent, and Fervid, at the fide fpring water part. Fii "E, or Five, Scot, the fpring water or dwelling parts, manors, or divifions. File, or Filev, Yorkf Lane, the fpring v/alcr part or dv/elling place- Finborrow, Chef, the inclo- fi!ig f[")ring, edee, or border burrow. Finehale, or Finkley, J)ur. the inclofing fpring part confines place. Finchinfield, Elf. the inclofing fpring water part dwelling place. Fingale, Ire. the inclofing fpring water vale, GauliOi place, Welfh, Fnglifh, and the flrangers place; the Irlfii, v, ho were of the ancient Britifli or fea coafting race, confidercd the whole Eng- lilh and Gauls, or dwellers in vales, as ftrangns, as did the old Uriions of Scotland and Englan.d, the Novantes and Tri- nfjhantes, or bulloniacx, who were of the Caulifh race, and dwellers on the fpring fides. Finerfin, Scot, the inclofing fpring water part rim or border. Firih of Forth, Scot, the fide ipring water part, ford, way, or pafiage. Fifcard, S-Wales, the Ipring or dwelling part below the inclofing water fide. Fiilipoole-ftreet, Herts, the ftreet or dwelling part below the pool, or furrounding water j)lace. Hence Fib, from the fpring or truth; Fibre, the fpring of life part; Fickle, the upper fpring place; Fiddle, the fide ffring place; Fief, the fpring dwelling [ 8o ] dwelling or living part ; Field, the fpring water place fide or dwelling part; Fiend, the inclofing fpring fide; Fierce, the fpring water part conlincs or foreft ; P'ifteen, the dwelling part and the inclofing fules and covering, or the fky or a fide every way, Fifth, the dwellinjr part divifions; Fifty, five inclofing fides or tyes; Fig, the fpring part fliiit or bag; Figure, the inclofing fpring water part, fide or border, or the fimple parts, divifions or fides of forms, fyftcms, or modes of things or names in their combined and multiform appearances or exiflcnces, or certain longitudinal fides, figures, or fibres, forming more palpable bodies, as an aiTemblage of figures called a printer'^ iorrn, the iorum, a iiM-mula, ibrmedon, form of a writ, and forma pauperis, notfirum, firmula, iirmcdon, figure of a writ, or of a poor luitor's proceeding in a law court, aifo the dif- tinclions obferved through all our defirdtioivs bctwixr the O and I, but their phyfical meaning mull be left to the farther dilculTion of phyfiologiits, whofe attempts have hitherto proved fruitlefs ; the names make no diflinclions betwixt the qualities of fi.gures and forms, but as they merely allc'cl the fenfes by the different configuration of parts, as effenccs feem to be uiidc- linable; File, the fprijig water part place; hill and Fillv, on the fpring water part place ; Film, furrounding the fpring wa- ter place; Filter, and Filth, the fpring water place fide; Fin, the furrounding edge fpring part; Finger, the border fp-ing pait; Finidi, the lower edge; Fir, the high fpring; Fiie, the high fpring; Fiini, the furrounding fpring part; Firma- ment, the high furrounding fpring part fides orcoveiing part; Firffc, the high fpring part to the lower fides or poffelfions ; Fifli, the lower fpring parts or heirs; Fit, the fide fpring part; Five, the fpring dwelling part or the manor; Fix, the ipring part inclofed. Fladrury, "Wore, the fide fpiing water place dwelling part or burrow. Flainborough, Yorkf. the furrounding water place burrow or neighbourhood. Flamiled, Herts, Kent, the furrounding fpring v»ater place fide or ftation. Flanders, on theinclofina; fpring water place fide, bank, bank fide or land. Flatholm ifland, in the Severn, the fide fpring water place ifland. Flavia Cviefarienfis, the fpring water place way or fli cet ofthelfceni. Flavia vEduorum, the fpring water place wr.y, or llreet of the migration of the iF^dui, a clear admiffioa of the Romans themielves, that the principal ftreets were the works of the Britons, nor have they ever pretended to any more than to the repairs of them. Fleet, Lond. Sect, the fpring or flowing water place fide. Flegg, Norf. the inclofin:: wa- ter place confines, Flintnure, or Teyengle, the inclofing , water r 8t ] water place or Englidi fide, fiiire, and accidentally the fhire 6^ flintftones. Floddon, N-hum. the fide ipring water or flood place town. Flora, the goddefs of flowers, on the furrounding fpring water place or flowers. Florius, a river of Spain, the furrounding I'pring water place Fuel, Som. the flowing fpi'ing water place. Hence Flaby, by the fpring water place; Flag, the fpring water place confines or fca fide, where the fpi ing ceafes, and the firft ftones were found ; Flame, the furrounding fpring of light; Flank, the inclofing fpring water place fide; Flannel, the inclofing or covering fpring of wool ; Flap, the flowing fpring water place part ; Flafhy, the fide fpring water place ; Flalk, the fide fpring water place fhut ; Flat, the fpring water place fidc; Flatter, on the fpring water place fide j Flatulent, the fpring water place lidc bank ; Fhivour, the fpring water place border; Flaw and Flow, the inclofing fpring water place; Flax, the covering fpring part; Flay, the fpring place of growth, Flea, the flowing water place or race; Fleet, at the fpring water place ; Flefli, below the fpring place; Flexure, the border fpring water place; Fling, the inclofing luring wa- ter place ; Flirt, on the ipi ing water place or flov/ing fide; Flitch, the inclofing fide place; Float, at the inclofing fpring. water place; Flock, gathering or inclofing fpring water place fide, or its lock part ; Flook, a Ihut or hook on the flood ; Floor, on the inclofing fpring vviitcr place; Flounce, on the inclofing fpring water place or flowing hdc; Flounder, flowing under or below the water; Flue, the flowing place of fmoke or other fluid; Fluid, the Sowing diviuons; Flufh, below the fpring water [dace ; Flufler, on (he fide of the fpving water place; Flute, the fide fpring v/ater place; Flux, the fide fpring water place confines or aciion ; Fly, the high or flowing fpring. Foley and Foliambs, Wore. Der. the circle or furrounding fpring place, lolkingiram. Line, a vale on the furrounding water place confines. Folkflone, Kent, on the furrounding water place fide or border, cr a trnvn thereon. Ford, Devon, N-lium. the border fprirg vAater litie or way, or a ford. For- dic or Fordwic, Kent, tlie up -er way, ftreet or lord. Fcrdcn, Scot on the border water li>le, er a vale thereon. Forcd, as that ofWindfor, the iurrouneiiia l}:r;r;g water pirt lower fide, or below the fame, or pla.ees uinr.liv left uninhabied on the borders i)f countries, to prevent any iudden flJ- TOiflies that mvill have otherwifc happened. Foriar, or (Jnl,. ., Scot the bor- der or fpring water circle ]vart, cr a high w ly in a fccondary fenfe. Formby, Lane '.lie iiirrounding fj^ring water part or '-.a- bitation. Foruefs; Lanw.uic furrourniliig ipring water ^ art l-■^■'e^ M lidC [ «2 ] fide or promontory. Fofs dike or ditch, one of the four prin- cipal high ways leading from Lincohi through Caftle, by Kew- wark in Nottinghamfliire, Leicefter, Sharnford, Stretton on Dunfmore, and Stretton Super-ftbfs in Warwickfhire, Leming- ton, Stow on the Would on the confines of Wilts^and Glo- ceflerfhire, to Cirenceller, upon which the Coritani extended their limits weflward fignilics. the border or furrounding water part fide, dike, or ditch. Fotheringhay, N-ham. the high in- clofing fpring water part, or the fodering mead. Fouldon, Scot, on the border fpring water place, or a town thereon. Foulis, Scot, the border fpring water place fide. Foulnefs; Yorkf. the border fpring water place promontory. Fourman- teen, Scot, the furrounding fpring water divifion part. Fowy or Foy, Corn, the border Ipring part. Foymore, the border fpring part more. Hence Foam, at the circle fpring part ; Fodder, on the circle fpring part fide; Foe, the circle fpring or border part; Foc^j the circle fpring part confines ; Foible, the circle fpring fiom flowing part*, Foil, the circle fpring from flowing; Foilt, the fide below the circle fpring part; Fold, the circle fpring water place fide; Foliage, the circle fpring water place etlge; Folk, the ciicle fp' ing water place confines; Folkmotc, the circle fpring water place confines meeting, or a general meeting of the folks or inhabitants there- of; Folklantl, the circle fpring water place or comm.on people's land or copy hold; Ft.llow, the circle fpring water place from the fpring place or low; Folly, on the circle fpiing water place; Foment, attiie circle l(.ring edge; Fond, on the circle fpring fide ; Fonr> the circle fpring hc<\A or upper put; Food, at the circle fpring part fide; Foot, the border fpring part; For, the circle furrounding fpring rart; 1^'orage, the furround- ing fpring part edge ; Forbear, the f;>ring part from being upon; Forbid, from the fpring w.itcr p,;rt fide; Force, the fur- rounding fpring water fide or lower part, or at its entrance in- to the lea ; Ford, the furroun.iing ipi inL"; u atcr i^art hde or wav \ ¥(nt, the furrounding fpring water part, whicli is the faremoft part; Foreign, on tiie border water confine'.; Foremofl, the furrounfling v.'ater lowcft fide border; torilt, below the bor- der fide, as the llercynian below the Germuii holders, exten- diiip' from Allatia and Switzerland to Tranlylvania ; Foifeit, the border part, v, hi^re i'lu:.^ ..nd dulics were payable; Forlorn, before tiiC inclufing w.it'.'r ;:',-.!. e; Form, tlie furrounding fpring AS'. iter p.i its; P'ormcrly, the fea furrounding water part place, as it was our tojaier rciidence, or as it iirit fnrrounded the whole ctrih; l"orfake, below the lurrounding fpring water part con- i\aca\ Fort, the iinrcundinj! fpriiig water part fide or inclofure; Fortune, [ 83 ] Fortune, on the hortler fide; FortVj four ties in, fides, borders or tens; F^orward, townuls the border ; Fofle, the circle fprlnij; fide ; Fofler, the circle fpring fide water part ; Foul and Fowl, the circle fpnng water place; Found, on the circle ipring fide ; Four, the circle or furrounding fpring water pa-^t of four fides, or the borders ; Fourth, the lour fides or boulers Framlingham, Sufi', a vale on the furroundin» water part place. Frankfort on the Maine, the inclofing fpring water })art confines fo t; Frankley, Wore, the inclofing fpring wa- ter part confines place, or dwelling place, the Franks being in poilefhon of this part in the time of the Romans. Franks, Germany, the inclofing water part lower confines, or a free coujitty or nation, as bein;' fituated on the fea and Rhine lower lide or couft-, ani. :onfirting oi the Frifii, Sciamb i, Salii, and Amhvari, of thaL ngnification, and gI' the Chamavi, Brufteri, Chauci, and Catti, fo dirLinguifli jd by their being keepers of the FVcnch borders, but they fecni to be a mixture of Cum- bri, GauLs, and Fhry iians. Fraumouth, Dorfct, the fpring water part cr river niou'Lh. Frefton, Line, the low'^r or fide water p:rt tov/n. Fiiiburn, Kent, th.- part at the fide or be- low the inclofing fpring part. Frifmerk, Yorkf. the part be- low the funounding Abater or fea j^nfinet), or the meres. Frith, Wales, the free or undividecf part, or liberty. Frode- fhani. Chef- the border water loA'cr fide vaic or dwelling i lace. Frome and I'rometon, Wilts, Soni. the furrounding fpring water part or tov>-n. .'''rofwell, Kfl' the furrounding fpring water j^art fide Ipring or dwelling place. Hence Fraction, the fide or confines water parts, which had broke or divided from each other; Frail, the water part place; FVame, the furrounding water part, as waters divide the earth into parts fo as to form coinitries; Frank, on the inclofing or fpring wa- ter part confines; Fraternal, on the fame inclofing fpring water part fide; Fraud, dividing or leflening the border or fpring water part fide; Fraught, at the inclofing fpring water p\rt confines; Freak, the fpring water part confines or border ; Free, the fpring water part; Freedom, the Ipring water parts, limits, or doniiirion, which was that ot the tribes or bands of Gomer, whofe iupreme power was in the witen gemot and foikmot, and from whofe junction our parliaments; Freehold, the free or flowing poflelFions; Fieeze, the fpring water pait lowering or ftanding; F'rcquent, the inclofing f.ring water part going; F'refli, the lefler fpring water part; F'ret, the fide Ipring water part ; Friar, on the fpring water part ; Friday, the fpring water pArt fide divifion ; Fridbur^h or Frank pledge, M 2 free [ §4 3 £ree en tKe jr.clofing water place confines or edge, or tVic (e- airity giv^r. by the tieceiia or tythiiig men, to anfwer for each other for their fo(thtO!Tiir;g ?.t the view of frank-pledge, on their cbt,;ining the liLerty of goirig bcyoiiJ the boundaries*, Friend, on the fnie fpring water part; Fri.id, the fpring wa- ter part tOf;eihcr or lljut; Fii'.i^e, the inclohng part -, Fiilk, the fpring water part at tlie irjcloHnif Avater fide; Fiith, the fide fpring water p, rt cr p.^lTciTC.. hrizle, the fpring v/ater part fide place; Fro and hrorn, the f;irroinuiing fpring water part or the border; F/ock. the furrounding { ait covering; Frog, furrounding the water parts ; Front, on the border fide; Froit, the fpring wpter part at lowering; Froth, the furrounding water fide; Fnig.d, incloling or fliutting up the fpring water part; Fruit, the fide cr furlace fpring parts; Fry, the fpring water parts. FuLB04jRN, Camb. tiie fpripg water place neighbourhood. Fulham or Fullan, Midd. the Ipriiig v^ater place bank or vale. Furle, SulT. the fpring water part or dwelling place. Furey, Ire. the fpring water part. FurQiam, Yorkf. the fpring wa- ter part fide vale, Furii, the fpring water parts. Furnival, Yorkf. the incloling fpring water part vale Hence Full, the fpring water part place; Fumble, about t!ie fpring water part place; Fume, the furroundinii fpring p;irt; Fun, the fprinu; part in; Fund, the fpring part irtf;de; F'.UKral, on tlic fpring water part; Funk, on the fpring part ccnuncs; Funel, in the fpring water place; Fur on the fpring parr ; Furlong, the fpring wa- ter place bank or length; Fn;:iace, tiic fpring part in the fide; Further, the fpring part fide water; Furv, the fprir.g water or fire part; FufTe, the fide fpring, Fuity, at the ipring fide; Future the fpring part to the fide. Gabraxto'v'Icorum Portus or Si:u!<', Yorkf. the port, bay, wick, or Itrcct of the water part coaiters, lirigantes, or Kentiihi Briges or Briton?;, or of the Cymbiian fca. Gabro- centum or Gatefhead, Dur. the Brigantcs lower fide or gate. Gadeni or Ladeni of 'Feiiidale, Twecdiale, Merch, and Lo- thian, or Ivodeneinm, feated between the niOuih of the Tweed and the Firth of P^orth, or EdenburrovN-, .Scot, the inclofing water fide or vale, or t'.ie country below the wa:er fide Gades, Spain, the lower water fide or confines. Gaer, the infiecUon of Caer and Gaorvechan, N-V/ale.s, an inclofed place or C!tv,and a city on tiie fpring water and alitt'e city. Gael, Ar(ja:!, or Argvlc, the fping water place, v;de or C>aulifli country potiellio;': or bo.-dLrs. G.iiTLliord, o Camelionl, Corn the hirrounding fpring water place way, it.ctt or lord; 6 t 85 1 and gnbei, gaffel, or gavel in a fecondary fenfe, (ignifies fuch a holding or its rent. Gainefburrow, Line, the inclofing wa- ter fide burrow. Galanthis, Alcmenas waiting maid, the In- clofing water place fide, bank, or haven. Gallana or Walwic, W-mor. N-hum. the inclofing fpring water place bank, ftreet, or fortification. Gallovidia, Galloway, or Galwallia, Scot. Ire. the Gaulifh or Welfli way, ftreets or vales, on Watling- ftreet, from North Wales to Dunbarton in Scotland, and in Maio, Longford, ?.nd Gallway in Ireland, a proof of the Wclfh and Englifli, and the other Irifli and Britons being of the fame origin. Gallena or Wallingford, Berks, the inclofing water place, way, ford, or Watling-ftreet. GalloglafTcs, Ire. the Gaulifh inclofing water place guardians. Gallow-dale, Line, the inclofing water place, or Gaulifli vale. Gj'ltrcs, or Cale- terium Nemus, Yorkf. the inclofing fpring water place, a Gaulifh, Celtic, or Caledonian grove or foreftj Gale being the infle£ticn of the Britlfh Kelley, or Calli, the origin of the Greek Keletes, the Roman Galli, the Irifli or Scots Gael, and the Englifh Celtes; and thence vale and wales in this rcfpeft, though vale in a more primary fenfe comes from bale and fale. Gallicia, Lufitania, or Portugal, the inclofing fpring water place, or Gaulifh fides, confines or port. Galtiim, Ire. the inclofing fpring water place or Gaul- ifli rim or Trim borders Gallia Togata or Lombardy, Brac- cata or Narbon, Provence, and Dauphiny, and Commata or Belgica, Celtica, and Aquitanlca, the inclofing fpring water place or vale on the borders, upper fpring water parts and ccm- mots. Gallacum or Whelp caltle, W-mor. the inclofing fpring water place part or vale. Galli, Carberi, or Corybantes, the prieits of the Phrvgian Cybele, on or the guardians of the in- clofing fpiing water places or borders, Cybele being the fpring water place inclofure or their chief. Hence Gable, the in- clofing or border v/ater place, which flopcd, and was a gab- bling; place from the great concourfe of different people ; Gabion, on the inclofing water part; Gad, the inclofing wa- ter fide, where fiirs and publick m.eetings were held j Gaffer, an holder j Gaflles, holds-, (lage, the inclofing water edijc, which confined, pltdj'cd, or place edged; Gain, the inclo- fing water or border, which muft be a gain, or a gain at the market held thereat; Gale, the water place fpring; Galiot, at the inclofing water place fide ; Gall, the inclofed fpring or powerful water place ; Gallant, the inclofing water place bank lide ; Galley, on the inclofing water place. Gam, the inliecrion of Cam, Wales, the furrounding water. Gamlinghay, Camb. the cam or furrounding water high bank. Gangani, Concani, or Conajjht, Ire. the inclofing fpring water confine?, [ s^ ] confines, proWbly the defcendants of the Britlih Cangii, CaK- gani, Kciitiflimen cr Sa-.:on3. Ganoe or Conwy, N-VVales, the inclofmg fpring water on the fea confines. Gannodurura, the inclollng fpring water part Garienis, Suff. the inclofiag water on the lower fide. Garienonum or Yerinouth, the Yar or Garien mouth. Garioch, icot. the up}x;r borders. Gam- fey, an iflandj in the inclofing water if.and. Gargrave, the in- clofmg or border water v/arden. Garth and Garthuni, Wales, Yorkf. the inclofing water fide or an inclofure. Gafwood, Norf. the lower inclofing fpring fule or wood. Gatefliead, Gabrocentum, or P:indion, the inclofing water fide head, gate, gatehoufe or townfend. Gatton, Surry, the inclofing v/ater iide gate or town. Gavel-Gabel or Gaftl-kind, Kent, Wales, a joint inclofing fpring water place or a holding in kind. Gaunlefs, Dur. the lov.er cr leiler inclofing fpring water. Gaufenna, on the lower in:Iof:ng fpring water. Gawthorp, Yorkf. the inclofing f;^ring water j ate. Hence Gambler, oa the furrounding water or a crooked place or player ; Game, the fuiTOuriding water confines ; Gamuicn, the furrounding crook- ed part ; Gander, nn the inclofing water part fide j Gang and Gangway, the inclofing vva.er confines and way ; Gantlet, the inclofing water fide iei, Icet or hindrance ; Gaol, an inclofed place or fhut; Gap, the part or divifion of an inclofure ; Grab, the covering part ; Garden and Garth, on the inclofing water Ede or inclofed parts or fides ; Garand, the inclofing water bank fide or the land borders, borderers or gargi-aves ; Garment, Garner, Garret, Garrifon, and Garter, covering and inclofing parts; Garthman, the wear man ; Gafii, the fide inclofing; Gafp, the fide part fliut ; Gate, the fide inclofing ; Gather, on the fide inclofing; Gaudy, the inclofing fide; Gauge, the in- clofing fpring water confines; Gavelnian, an holder, under- bolder or tenant; Gaufe, the lefier covering; Gay, the in- clofing water ; Gaze, below the inclofing water fide. Geddington', N-ham. on the inclofing water fide town. Gedney Moor, the inclofing water fide moor. Gemingham, Norf. on the furrounding water confines vale, where the foe- cages, furrounding water edge or Saxon tenure, in paving with day's labour inflead of moncvj was kept up according to Spel- inan. Geneu, Corn. Wales, the inclofing ipring water mouth. Genevil, Ire. the inclofing fpring water mouth dwcl- Tmg place or vilhige. Genevifii, the inclofing fpring mouth fide or dwelling place. Genlfia, Gloc. ti.e lower or fide in- clofing water or the Severn Genoua, an einpory of Italy, the inclofing fpring mouth. Genunia, Gueneth, Venedotia, Or- davices, or North Wales, the inclofing ^pi'^^^g water fides, llreecg. [ 87 ] flrfiets, vaks or borders or the Veneti or wenta Inclofing her- ders ; Geiion of Spain and Cerberus, tiie weitern water bor- ders, or Italy, Spain, and Gaul, \rl)ich were in the polTeflion of the Germans or Ger-mons, and Greeks and Phrygians, and from whence Hercules, as from hell or the undrained lower country, brought the three headed dog Cerberus, to a place where he fa-.v the light, and vomited or difeharged it.s waters into the fea, and this thiee headed nation leems to be the foundation of the Gaulifli, German and Celtic. German, Corn, the inclofing or border water part or haven. Gerno, Norf. the inclofing water. Gerard, on the inclofing water fide. Gervii, the inclofing fpring water dwellings. 1 he an- cient Germans feem to be comprehended in the Allemanni,,, the alley, galley, or Gaulifh parts or men; Boii, the Po or border fpring water; Biigians, Frifians, Prufii.nis, or Bri- tons, on the water or fpring water parts or fides ; Cymberi, Marcommani, or Gomerimanni, Veneti, Vandales, Vindili, or Werni, dwellers in vales, or on the river fides ; Danes, 09 the water part ; Germans, Ger-m^ons, or Hermeones, Her- manduri or Germanduri and Suevi, the fea borderers and fpring fide dwellings ; Gothoncs, Gcpid;e, and Dacians, the inclofing water fide or the Danube ; Plunns and Burghuiidi, on the high inclofing fpring water fide or confines part, or the dwelling parts on the Danube; Helveti, the hill dwellings or f oflefFions ; Langobards, the fea bank fides or countries ; Saxons, the lower inclofing water or fea confines; Tcutones or Deutons, on the border fpring fide dwellings ; and Volcce , Te£lofages or Belga;, the u,!per border vale confines. Thofe may be reduced to the Cumberi, or Gaulifh or Britifli race, the Dacians, Frifians, Germans, ajul Teutones; and thcfe again to the Dacians, Cumberi, and fea (icrmans, the reft of the German names being mere local appellatives. As to the original of the Gernv.i'i.s, fi.-me bring them from Afkcnas, the fonofGomef, which ivs to the Cymbii, Frifiajis, and fome other branches fccms to be true, but the old fcd Germans were, a mixture of the Lacedemonians, and other Greeks and To- germans, and the prefent Germany contains fome of every people of Gaul and the Biitii'h iilands ; as do thofj of the German people; though, to gratify vanity, and the Roman policy of promoting diviuo:\T, great pains have been tuken to darken the genuine origin of thofe people. Hence Gear, a cove;ing upon; Geld or Yield, tlie inelofiug fpring water place fides, which yields a rent or tribute as v-cl as growth ; Geiiv, an jnclofed or ihut water place; Gender, on the ir.elofin^ water fide ; Genealogy, a difeourfe on the iuc'-uiiiJi water confmes or [88 ] or race; General, on the Inclofing water place; Generate, at the inclofing water; Genna or Gehenna, the mouth, fink, fwallow, or hell ; Gentility, on the inclofing water fide part or property; Genuine, within the inclofing fpring; Geography and Geometry, the earth or furrounding parts writing and meafuring ; German, the inclofing or border water part; Ger- inmate, at the border edge; Get, inclofing the fides. Giddy Hall, Eff. a hall at the inclofing water fide. Gilefland or Geltflondc, Cumb. the inclofing water place be- low the bank fide or land. Gilling, Yorkf. the inclofing wa- ter place confines or dwellings, Gillingham, Kent, the in- clofing water place vale or foreft. Gilfhaughlen, W-mor. the inclofing fpring water place bank. Gilpen, Cumb. the in- clofing fpring water place end or head. Gingrave, the fur- rounding water or border warden. Ging, Ing, and Ingerflon, EfT. the inclofing water confines or toun. Gingrave, the in- clofing water warden. Menas-Inge, the inclofing water lower part. Marget inar, the mere gate confines. Gipfeys or Vip- fcys, Yorkf the fpring rifing up from below. Girvv^y or Jar- row, Dur. the inclofing fpring water, border or dwelling place. Girnego, Scot, on the fea border. Gifburgh, Yorkf. the inclofing water fide fpring part confines or burrow. Gues, Gloc. the lower or fide fpring water confines. Hence Giant, on the inclofing water or border fide, or the guardians of the borders, like the giants, Abarim, Avim, Captorim, Fhiliftin, and Rimmon, who were guardians of the rims or borders in the land of Canaan; Gibberiili, on the border fide; Gitldy, at the inclofing water part, or fwimming in the head; Gift, the inclofing fpring water part to or at the border ; Gild, in- clofing the fides ; Gim, the covering; Gimlet, to the water place covering ; Gin, inclofing; Gingle, the inclofing water place confines ; Gipfey, below the fide water part ; Gird and Girdle, furroundiMg the fides; Glrlc, the inclofing fpring water place ; Gus, Goofe, or Geefe, the inclofing fpring fides. Gladmouth, Kent, the divifion fpring water place mouth. Glamorgan or Glanmorgan, S-Wales, the fea inclofing water place confines, bank fide, or country. Glamys, Scot, the inclofing water place fide or country. Glan or Clancatting, Scot, the border water keeping clans, like the Catti on the Rhine. Glancolkin, Ire. the inclofing water place confines bank. Glandilagh, S-Wales, Ire. the divifion or boundary water place bank, land or country. Glandford bridge, Line. the inclofing water bank way or ford bridge. Glanjorcs, Ire. the inclofing water place Ihore. Glan lyn, Wales, the hike bank. [ Sg ] tiaiik. Giaiiuvchta, Glenwelt, or Caervoran, N-lium. the iti- tlcfiiig fpring water or Vencti parts or banks. Glafcow, Glaf- ton, Giaflen, d^ifnith, Glafienbury, Avalon, and Petra ad Glottam, Corn. Som. Lane. Scot. ire. the inclofmg fpring water place luiej bank, valcj burrow or town, and in a fe- condary Tcnfe, a green place at, the river fides, famous for faints and religion. Gledmore, Midd. the inclofinsj; water place fide moore. Glan, GlcrJ, or GUn, Norf. Line. N-humi Scot. Wales, Ire. the inclofaig fpring water place fide, bank or va^e, or the lans, lands, lanes, alleys or flreets of the Gaul- i(h migrations. Glenca-n, Scot, on the ihclofing water bor- der. Glend'.de, N-hum. on the inclofing water border vale. Glendour, N-Wales, the divifion water part bank or vale. Glocefter, Glevum, Clevum, Gleancefler, or Gloui, the in- clofing fpring water place, lock, key, or city. Glotta or Cluidj Scot. N- Wales, the inclofing fpring water place fide or coaft. Hence Glacis, the inclofing water place fide or flope 5 Glad, the inclofing water p'ace fidej Glance, the fide of the fight ; Gland, the fide divifion; Glanders, the gland water ; Glare Dr Glair, an inclofed light ; Glafs, the fpring water place fid(3 or green like grafs 5 Gleam, the furrounding light ; Glean, to c!ean j Glebe, the inclofing fpring part ; Gleet, the inclo- fing water place fide -, Glib, the flowing water or wet part ; Glide, the inclofing water fide ; Glimmer, a dead furround- ing light ; Glimpfe, the furrounding light part low ; Glitter, the light upon or ftriking upoii a part or water part} Globe, the furrounding place or water place or circle part ; Gloom, the furrounding light (hut ; Glory, on the tircle water part or country, where glory may be acquired ; Glofs, the inclofing water place fide, confines, key or fight ; Glove, a covering part; Glout, the light fliut out ; Glow, the furrounding litht I'pring; Glue, the inclofing lj:)riiig ; Glut, the inclofing fpring fide. GobaKium, or Abergaveny, S- Wales, the inclofing or border fp.'ing water parts. Goccium, by the infledlion of Coccium, Lane, the inclofing water confines or city. Go- dalmin, .Surry, the inclofing v.^atcr edge vale. Goderick, Heref. the upper border or inclofing water part. Godman- ham, Yorkf. the inclofing water fide part Vale. Godoltcn or Godolphin, Corn, the fea vale confines or edge. Godfhill, Hants, the inclofing water fide hill. Godflow, Oxon. the in- clofing water fide ftation. Godv.'ick, Norf. the inclofing wa-" ter fide wick, ftreet or fortification. Gogarth, N-Wales, the fea inclofing water part or promontory. Gogmagog hills, Camb. the furrounding water, Magog or great hills. God- N manchefter t 90 j' nianchf flcr or Duriofiponte, Kimt tliC Pontes or "V'/.'ponta- chcs iidc -ucr piirt. Gonihil!, Suff, the inciofing Avatcr 1k!c ]";i'l. tic \:i;wi:i's ticlcis, ^'iicici. tl::c fv'icls or dwciling piacc ;it tiic ir.clc'ini.i v\atcriu:c. CJoo.i/.'ii; '.a:uls, Kcrrt, tl;c inclofing {y.vi-.'z varcr at thi; lea hdt lands. Gojdcii, Corn. Jicrcf. the in'jK^'.ing v.-.-.ter phu'c inic or vale, or the golden \a]c. Goaier bv the inir;r.T,i(;n oi Comer, the Tea or luie fuirour.ding water r-.r.f;;ie.s. ( jorarniier'.", Jkr;,, the liirioun(iijig Ipring water }•)••:: t 'vjrdor. (jorleiton, tuli'. the incloling vv.'.tcr p,l<.ce iklc town. C>olTe:or;!, K-hum. the inclofir;:: Jr''J''g v.-ater luic i(;rd or v/av. G(;;h;a or CiOthiand, an.iiiand in tlie I'altie, t!;c v.-r.ter lurrou:id;:ig jx;rls or poihdTic ny, or fea eoaflers del^ ce'Hleci irom ti.e Daeians and 'die Greeks of the goh.ien fleece, (jovcnnv. 8 \>. ales, the inelsdiig l'i)ring water pa' ts. Cjowle, 'i i^rkr. ti^e ineloiiiig rj)rhig \vaLer )dace. Gowiy or Gowcr, Sect N-Wale;, on the ineloiing ipri)ig vra.ler. Mence Go, th.e. ciic'e orjnchdntg waiter and :";at, \vh;e!i goes; Goad, the go at ; Cvaal) th.e go place ; Cioh, the go part, Gobble, ou tht go p:nt ; Godi or iJoge, t'le governor ot the world ; Gold, the iun divihon ; C^jodi, the ij-ielchng water I; Je ; Gore, the going o[- ruMni.'ig water or a ir.ore ; Gorge, th.e goi'og water confnes ; (joravand;/'-, the goijig water part lovv'er lide ; (■rovcrn, on ti'.e inclohrig Ipruig v/atcr coninies or country ; GcV-v), a c;)\'ering upon. Gk:\dix u s or rdars, on the iln rounding water or fea fide. Gi.'.mpiiv. or CJratdbam, Scot, the high border parts. Gram- pomid. or GraPidi-Lint, Com on t'le inclofing fpring pa't fide boi'dcr. (jr;ulon, ^,-ha^l. l;ve bordi:r part or wardeii tovv'n. Grant, Ca:nh. c;i the hde water })art or border. Graii'.hain, I.inc. thie grant v.iie CTian'.h, .)rpe» Cimib. t'ic iide incloiing water C'te. C^ra\-e:e!id, Kent, tne inehduu'^ ^i''''"t; water jxirt or wai-de:-'^ end Grenvil-ehefler-hiih-holnic-wkh-hau-h- h;vr-!'led, Corn S-om. Ndnini. Iver.t, VV-ivior. Lane. .Secjt. iSnii. cm the border or melohng water \iihige or dwelling ])laee, cltv, j-:'.'^ 'ge p.nt, iflaiid, 'wie^, (licet or lurt ';i .'.lion, Idgii 'j\an;: waiei eennnes, lerin;:; water place and liation. Grethn-'a, ivu.-. the h','rder w.i'er i;t!e ^aie. Gretland, Ycrkf. the border water fide Ij.aih. iide, hn;d or ccnitry. Cjrey, Cnnd). llie io'J ""hng \.arxr eoniines or border, or its wa'den. (jrihia or (T'idith, [hr inelohxig v.-aier n.nt, or border lide or Cvlge, oriti uanden. Grini!by, Inne. d;e furrounding border ii'.'e pa; t e.r nahit.'.tion. (k inis-c:ar-ltinddl:, Yorkf. the border \vater fide eitx , tov.ii or hill. Gronilech, N-V/ales, th.e lur- ro'e.nding bi^rder v.-ater place confines or loeks. Cjron, Camb. the \'rater inelollng bo iler^^j dams or len.-.. Cj.'ooby, Leic. the C 9' ] the border part or liabitoticn. Ilcnce Grace, the i^i'.lofing water confines or border fide ; Gradation, on tlie iiicloliiig wa- ter fides or the clep;rce;; ; Graduate, at the inclolin,:; wnter or border fide; Graft, tlic border part lide; Cyrain, m the in- doling water ; Cjraramar, en the lurrounding border j-arts ; Gr.ind, on the incloiing water or border lide; Grange, th.s iiielofiiig water confiiies or edge ; Grant, on the border iide j (jrapple, the inelohng A"ater part place-, (Jraip, the ineloliug water lower part; Cjrv.r>-:, thie lo\ver border !;de or luriaee j Cinite, the inclo!ing water Tides; Gratis, below the iaelormg water (ides or the commons ; Cjrave, tlie border wnter pare, which were the ufiial burying places; Giavd, oti liie inclo- fing water place; Gray, the border water ; Greafe, inclofing the fides; Cireat, at the inclofing water confines or border; (rreelan, on the inclofing vv-ater, or water inehifed confines or iflanders ; Greedy, the inclofing water fide or divifion ; Green, on the Inclofing water or the grafs -, Greet, incjonng the fides n (irim, the border man or giant ; Grimace, hisadlion; Grin, tl;c inclofing water part in ; Grind, on the inclofing water part fide; Gripe, inclofing part ; Griilly, the inclofing Avater fide place; Ciroat, at the border; Grocer, the border fide man ; Groin, inclofing the border ; Grot's, the border fide ; Grot, a furrounding part; Grove, a covered poi't ; Ground, on the border fide ; Gioup, the border or land part ; Grow, the bor- der or ground i'pring ; Growth, the ground fpring parts or di- vifions; Grub, the ground fipringing u]) ; Cyrudgc, the iu- Ciofing water edge ; (jrunablc, the lurrounding water place. (jCiDi or Guith, Scot. V.^ules, Hants, the fide or divifion fpring water. Guenta, Venta, or Wenta, or rr.th.er Ken.ta lielgarum, Ifccnorum, and Silurum, the inclofing Ipiing wa- fer confines, or the fiird Vencti pofi^eifions oi" the Belga:, Ifeeni, a;id Silures. Guilford, Surry, the inclofing fpring water place, ford or way. Guis or Gwis, Wales, the fide Spring Avatcr. Guifcard, the fide fpring water guard Gumrock, Scot, the furrounding fpring water vale. Gurmon, the border o\- man on the furrounding water or fea, or a German. Cnnthlac, the fide or fepaiation fpring water place confines, Guti, (Joti, (ixte, Jutas, or Goths, oj^e of the people who came here from Germany, the fea or river fides, (juy-cliif. War. the inclofing fpring cliff. Gwydrin, W^ales, on the fide fprln'.! water part. Gwyneth, Venedotia, or N-Wales, the inclofing fpring fides, vale, or Veneti boundary or borders. Gwithil Pitliad, or Calledonia, on the inclofing fpring fides, upper parts or hills. Hence Guard, on the inclofing fpring fide, Gudgeon, the Tpring edge one ; Guei's, below the fpring ; N 2 Giiellj [ 92 ] Gueft, below the inclofing fntin? fide, or under one's rpof of fhelier j Guide, the inclofmg fp:infi fide; Cjuild ?,nd Guilt, the inclofing fpring water place fide or yielding; Guife, be- low the covering ; Gulf, aninclofmg or inclofed water part; Gull, on the water place confines; (jum, the furrounding ipring confines; Gun, tlje incIoHng fprjng •, Gufli, the f 'ring water fide; Guft, the Icfl'er inclofing fpring divifion or fide; Gut, the inclofing' parts; Gutter, the inclofing \\atcr part; Guttle, on the gut. Habitancut,: or rxifingham, N-hum, an abode or Ration at the inclofing ipring water place or vale 'fide. Hache, Wilts, the inclofing fpring water or a cut. Hackingtcn, Kent, a town on the 'inclofing water confines. Hacomb, Devon, the inclofing water vale. Hackney, Midd.' the inclofing water confines, theiifual place of trafhck. Haddon-ley-ington, Dcr. SufF. Wilts, Oxon. N-hani. Scot, the inclofing fpring water fid'e town, place or palace. Haia, Hagse, Haigh or Chaia, Surry, Lane. W-mor. the inclofed water parts or other in- clofures. Hailc, Corn, the high or inclofing fiood fait water place. "Hailwcflon, Hunt, the inclofing fait fpring water fide town. Hairholme, or Hairum for Chairum, the ifland or wa- ter furro^riding part. ' Hale and Hales, Gloc. the high or in- clofing fpring ialt water part. Halefworth, SufF. its fide. fpring cr dwislling place. Haliburton, Scot, the fait fpring water part town. Halifax, Yorkf. the hilly fpring water confines ^art. Haling, Kent, the high or inclofing fprin? water place. Hall, Corn, on the high Avater place. Halton and Halyfton, N-hilm. the high water place fide town. Ham for Cham, the infleclicn of Cam, and Hamden for Chamden, Bucks, tlie furrounding water confines vale, and when vales became the ufual places of refidence, a home in a fecondary fenfe. Hamp- fled, INlidd. Herts, the vale or home part fide or fbtion. Harnble or Homlca, Hants, the furrounding fpring water place vale or home. Hameldon, Dorfet, the furrounding fpring wa- ter place fide or hill. Hampton or Hanton, Midd. iS-ham. Heref. the furrounding or inclofing fpring water (art town. Hanford-bridge-mcre-ovcr-well-worth, Devon, Salop, Chef. I'^-Waies, Germany, Oxon. Midd, the high ancient or in- clofing fpring water place, way, or ford, bridge, ferry, fp'ing blacej, and fide fpring or dwelling. Hans, the lower inclofing fpring or "ancient confines. Harbottlc-bury-ham-dwickc- l^eld-ville- ingworth -iech - Ifey-nham-pctre-row-tlepole-w ick- wood, N-hum.' Leic. N-Walcs, Kent, Yo.-kf. Dcr. Gloc. Jili(ld. N-ham. Wilts, Som. Dur. ElT. the high water or in- '■"■'■ Cicfiny I 93 ] clofing rpring water fide dwelling place, burrow, fide valej fide ftreet or fortification, dwelling (lace, village, inclormg fpring fide, upper place confines or rocks, place fide, on the vale, fide part or rocks, fpring border, place iide poole, ftrect or fortification, and fide or wood. But H became a radical by dropping the C, from Ch theinfleflory of the radical C, which has been alfo varied into ^h, w hereby a new for* of dialed: has been framed from the Celtic, as from Car or Char into Har and Share. Hailinbury, Eff. the lower inclpfing fpring wa- ter place dwelling or burrow. Hailings, Sufi", on the lowei water confines. Haflewood, the lower or leiler fpring watei or wood place. Hatfield, Yorkf. Herts, £lT the high or in- clofing fpring fide dwelling place. Hatherel, 8-\Vales, the hill inclofing water place, flather. Line. Chef, the high fide fpring water part. Havant, Hants, the inclofing fpring water or haven part. Haverford or Milford, S-Wales, the inclofing fpring, haven, or furrounding water place, ford or way. Ha- vering, Efl^. the high or inclofing fpring water confines. Haw, Devon, the inclofing fpnng. Hawghley, Suff". the inclofing fpring water confines place. Hawick, Scot, the inclofing fpring water confines, llreet or fortification. Hawfted, EfT. the inclofing fpring ftation. Hay for Chay, Cay or Cae, the high or inclofing fpring confines. Hay ward, warden of the inclofures. Hence Habit and Habitation, on the inclofing fprin'g water part fide; Hack, Hackney, Hag, and Hagole, the inclofing water place confines, or a cut; Elail, the inciofed or fhut flowing water or rain-. Hair, the covering fprings; Halbert, the high or inclofing fpring water part fide; Halcyon, on the water place confines; Hale and Hall, on the high fpring water place ; Half, the inclofing fpring water place part ; Halloo, on the high fpring of calling ; Halo or Hailo, the fun's circle; Halt, the inclofing fpring water place fide; Halter, on its fide; Ham, Cham or Thigh, furrounding the water fides or confines; Hamlet, the furrounding fprinii water place fide, houfe, pofTefTions or leet ; Hammer, the great ham, from its refemblance to a man's thigh, leg and foot; Hamper, the furrounding part ; Hanaper, the inclofing or fhut up part; Hand, the higher fpring inclofing part or end; Hanker, on the inclofing fpring water confines; Hap and Elappy, the high or inclofing fpring part; Harangue, on the inclofing fpring confines; Harafs, the inclofing Ipring lower fide; Harbinger, the inclofing fpring end man; Harbor, the inclofing fpring fea or border pait; Hard, the high water fide, which is com- monly rocky; Haim for Charm, and Harmony, on the fur- rounding water confines; Harnefs, inclofing or covering on the [ 94 ] the lower pi ;-'-ce; FLirp, the high fpriiig part; Harrow, on the iprung up ground, Plow being a part fnrung up; Hart, the inc'Dlnij; fpring Avater parr.-, Harvclt or Ch;n\vcfl:, the fpring below or under covering 5 Hafli, fmall parts; Hafp, the Idler fhut part ; Hat or Chat, tiu; up; er covering-, Fhuch, at tlie covering; Haven, the inclofhig fpring Avater confuiffs; Have, the inclofing fpring part ; fiaughty, tlie incloting fpring wa- ter upper fuic or policilion ; Haul, the liigh or fpring w.itcr pkrce; Haum, the furrounding fairings; Haunch, the inclo- fing fpring uater place coninics; llav.nt, the harbour, as a place of refort; Havoek, a hi.li fea fpring; Haw, the higli fpring ; Hawk, the high coninics fpring ; Hay, the hich fp: ings ; Haze and Hazard, lor Chace and Clv.-cc hard, on the iuciufng water or border lower fide, or on the eh.xc. Hea, the high water or fca. Hcadon-fcnfcIu-]y-rthy-th-vv, Yorkf. N-hum. StatT. W-nior. Devon, the high water or fca town, field or dwelling place part, place, on the fide, fide or heath or dwelling. Hebrides or Hebudcs iflands, W-Scot. the high water part lower or weftem fides, paits or iilands. Heckham, Norf. the high water confines vale. Heddington for Chedington, Wilts, Oxon. the high or inclofing fpring water fide town. Heil and Heiliton, Corn. Dor. the high or lalt water place fide town. Hcitelbury, Wilts, the high water lower fide fpring dwelling part or burrow. Hclaugh, Yorkf. the high water place confines. Helbcck, Yorkf. Cumb. the flilt water place brooke. Hcllens, the fait Avator place bank. Hellan, Scot, the fait Avater place bank. Hcming ford and ton, Suff. Yorkf. the inclofing water edge, ford, Avay or town. Keneti, Cheneti, Guer;cti, A'cneti, Venedi, Wenta and Vc- nedotia, Italy, Gaul, Crniany, and the Britiih iilands, the high, ancient or incloiin^; Ipring Avater fide or vale poflcfiions or polTeiTors. Henbury-tion ham-ley-ton, Gloc. Miiid. Norf. Wore. War. Oxon. the high ancient or inclolincr fpring bur- row, tOAvn, vale or home, or place, but the original radix is Cen, which has been varied to Chen, (icn, fjen. Ken, and Shcn. Heortnefs or Hcortu, for Chcortu, Hur. the hii:h Ava- ter border lower fide or promontory. Hep and Shap, for Chep, W-mor. the high incloimg Avatcr pait. Hepbury, on the high water fpring or dwelling part. Hcraclea or Cheraclea, Her- cules pillars, Spain and INlacedonia, the inclofing fp. inj' Av.iter place lower borders. Hercules promontories, rotks, ifiands, ports, tOAvers, altars, Avay, ha\en, and grove, in I^.I.inritania, Galatia, Britain, Carmania, Sicily, Sardinia, Italy, aiul Germany, the inclofing ipring Avater place or vale lower bor- ders or havens, and the migrations and coalitior.3 of Greeks, Gernian»j [ 95 ] . _ . permans, Phrygians, Gauls, Celtes, and Cumbsri along the {i:me. For Hercules is laid to be the fon of Jupiter, a Titan, by A'cmcna, of tlie Greek and German race, along the wef- tcrn fpring water parts or havens^ whereof Hercules Avas guar- dian; and to have married the daughter of Alefia, the lower water places or Celtes, and begat Galates, the founder of the Gauls, or in other words mixed witli the Celtes, and founded the Gaulilh nations. His clcanrmg the Augean ftable, con- taining 30000 oxen, alludes to his opening, draining, dividing, and fouiuling, or bounding by rivers, fo many diilritls of the Cumbri or dwellers in vales His driving Ge:ion, the wef- tern water borders, or borilerers, with his cattle out of Spain, alludes to his fending colonies from thence into Germany. His binding in 100 chains, and throwing out of hell, the three-headed dog Cerberus, leems to refer to his draining, di- viding, and bounding the countries of the Titans, bv rivers in Spain or Tartefa, then undrained, and deemed as the mofl wellern country where the fun appeared to fct, to be hell by fomc of the ancients. Thefe alfo feem to be the 100 headed and 50 bellied monfter of Homer, named by the gods Bri- areus, Phrygians and Titans, and by men /iLgeon, Greeks and Gernians, who fining at Jupiter at once 100 rocks, fea banks, or promontories, which, on the retreat oi the deluge, had formed along the fea coafls, preventing the difcharge of theland water into the fea, which Hercules removed. And thefe Herculean colonies probably were the foundation of the ftory of the Trojan Brutus. Hercules Midacritus, the Hercules of the Meditera- nean Crete, who in dioging of the fea and river banks found tin o'-e. Hereford or Cherfortl, the border water way or ford. Herlaxton-tfortl-thy-tlebury-tland-ton-ty, Herts, Hunt. Wore. ])evon, the border water place conhnes town, fide ford or way, (ule or poflefhons, fale place burrow, and fide land, town or ])olleilions. Heiperlcles, Chelperides, or Calhterides, and as loaie iuppofe the ^cidy illands, the lower water parts or bor- der illands, but none in particular from whence the Greeks arbarary name of tin. Helpcria, or Spain, on the lower in- cloliag water part or border. Heflel, Yorkf. below tlie border w.-'er [ilacc. Hcilon, Miild. on the lov.-cr border part. Hethy or Clicihy, one of the Orca'les, thic inclohng water fide. He- veringliam, SulF. the inclohii'/ ipring water confines vale. Ilcvvet, llie tilgh or indohng ipvinglide. Hexham, N-hum. tlic high oi- iiiclofn^g fj:ring water confines vale. Heyford, Cxon. the hi.'h v.'iy on the inclofnig fpring water part. Ake- man flrect, t>n tlie warring town. Hey or Chey, Lane, the high or .ucloii;;^ fp'hicj. Hence Head or Chead, the top or 4 covering [ 9< J Covering part ; Head borrow, the head of the fpring ivater bor- der; Heal, fpringin^ up; Heap, high part*, Hear, the ear fpring; Heart or Chearit, the inclofing fpiing water part; Heat, the high fpring; Heath, the high water fide -, Heathen, -the heath or water Hdc men, or the Gothi Danes,; Heave, foringinii; up; Heaven, the high water parts or clouds; Hedge, the high edge ; Heed, the high fide for the defence of the country, Height, the hi^.h fide; Heir, the male border fpring; Hcirefs, the Teni-ile border fpring; Hell, the low watei place or the bottom cf the fea, as heaven was in the clouds; Helm, over the fea; Help, the fpring water place part; Hem, the furrounding fpring ored^e; Hemp, the furrounding fpring or covering part; Hen, the ancient or inclofing fpring or cover- ing one ; Hence, the inclofing or ancient fpring fide ; Hence- forth, from the fide of the inclofing fpring; Henceforward, from the inclofing fpring fide below ; Heptarchy, the (cwen governments, or inclofing water confines or countries; He- ralii, on the border water fide, or a challenger; Herb, the fpring part: Herd, the fpring fide; He-e, the fpring on; Hereafter, after the fpiing upon; Herefy, below the bounds ; Hcriot, the circle fide or border fprings ; Heritage, the heir;> borders; Hermit, the funounding fpring water fide; Hermi- tage, a hermit's flint or cell ; Hero, tlie border water man ; Herring; the inc'ofing water border; Hcfitate, at the inclo- fing fpring or border fide; Meterodox, from the inclofing fpring border; Hew, an high fpring, or the noife ufually made at the tinic of hewing ; Hey, an high fpring. HlERoN, a promontory cf Ireland, on the higher In clofing water or the longefl:, fartheft or holy one. Hierytha, Devon, the high or inclofin;i water or fartheft border. Higham Ferrers^ N-ham. the inclofing fpring vale lower part. Higlnvorth, Wilts, the high or inclofing fpring water fide. Hill, high on the fpring water place, a bank, an high place or a hill. Hilderlliam, Canib. the high or inclofing water part fide vale, ililfliaw, Yorkf. the fpring lide high place. Hinchingbrooke, Hunt, a brooke on the inclofing water confines. Hinckley, Iielc. the inclofing fpring water place or palace. Hinder]l:el, Yorkf the incloiing fpring water part cell, fliut or caitie> Hingcfton, Camb. the inclofing fpring water or ditch fide tov.'n, as the borders of the eai'l angles. Hirta or Hirth, Scot, the high water fide or far part. Plithe, Hyth or Hyde JCent, Hants, Yorkf the fide or paffage part or port or the length at the fide fprins;. Hence Hickup, fpringin;^ up ; Hide, the fide covering ; Hierarchy, the higher government ; Hieroglyfic, the high facrcd or iiiclolnij fpring water border fculpture ; Hig^je, r 97 ] Higgle, on the Inclofing fpring water place ; High, the high or incloling water confines ; Hind, the inclofing fpring, a ditch or ditcher ; Hinder, the ditch water part ; Hindmoft, the fur- rounding ditch lower fide; Hinge, the inclofing fpring edge J Hint, the edge part ; Hip, tlie fpring upper part -, Hire, on the fprinij; or ftay ; His, the male or he iide, divifion or things ; Hiflory, on the border fides ; Hit, fpring at ; Hither^ on the; fide or fpring on the fde ; Hitherto, to the fpring on the fide ; Hive, the incloling fpring or fwann part : but all thcfe radicals had originally c before the h. Hockley, Bucks, the high furrounding fpring water con- fines place or a wet or miry place. Hodde, Dor. the inclofing fpring fide part. Hodni, 8-Wales, on the inclofing fpring part. Hole Haven, "E.^. the inc'ofmg fpring water place haven. Hoibourn, London, Scot. 0)i the incloling fpring water place or hiily parts or country. HoldernelTe, Yorkf. the inclofing fpring water on the lower fide or promontory. Holefliot, Hants, the inclofing fpring water place (hut. Holgrave, the inclofing fpring water p!ace warden. Holland Lane, Elf. Line. Nott. the inclofing fpring water place bank fide or country. Holme^ Cunib. Liitc. Nott, Herts, thelnciofing fpring water furround** ed place or a river ifland. Holmcfdale or Cholmefdale, Surry, its va'e. Hok, Wore. Norf N- Wales, the inciofmg fpring water place fide or w^ood. Holy Head, N-Wales, the high or inclofing water place head. Hoo, Kent, the high or inclofing fpring part. Hooke, Ire the inclofing fpring water confines or ^ fhut. Hope, N-Walcs, the high incloling fpring water part. Horefci or Horeftii for Coreiti, Scot, the lower inclofing fpring water or Eflc lower confines, or the lower borders, the CJalle- dones being a general name of the highlands, though they were divided ir»t;o Deu-calledones and Vefluriones. Horiicbv, Yorkf a part or habitation on the inclofing fpripg water or border. Home caltle. Line, a caftlc on the incloling fpring water or horde;'. Honiicy, Yorkf. the incloling fpring v;-ater ot border place. Horfliani, Sufi". Norf. the border fide vale. Hor- ton or Halifax, N-huni. Yorkf the high or inclofing fpring water or border town. Horited, Kent, if.c hi2,h or inclofing fpring water fide or border llatiun. iioughton, Norf. the hi'^^h or incloGng- fpring water conf !ies town. Houn^ov/, Midd. the incloling fjjfing fide water place. Houth, Ire. the incJofino" [pring \va!vT fide. Houburn, Scot, on the high incloling fpring w;iter pa;t. Hovvdcn, 'lorkf. thti high ii-'/rlunng fpring v:de. 1Iov\'[mI, W-mor. the high iiicloiiiig Ip'Ing water cr river f !e. Howlcy, Yorkf, the high ir,cioniig fpring water plate. Ho.v and Hu.xon, Sufi", the high ir.c!ofin^ fpring water ^^ ttcufinu*. [ 9S 1 Confines. Hence Hoar and Hoary, tlie (liut fpring; Hoar;1, the fliut up fprings-, Hobble, the iprings Hiut up place-, Hob- goblin, the inclofing fprina; water confines bank; Heck and Hog the inclofint!; fpring water place, or wet or niiry confines, and a hock of bacon; Hod, a fliut or clavparf, Hoifl, high or fpring up from below; Hold, the inclofir.g water place fides; Hole, the inclofing v/atcr place; Holy, the inclofing water place, as the place of religious worPiiip; Home or Chome, the corrimotor furroundii^.g water part fide; Honrai'C or Chomage, an engagement to deferid tlie h-orders and obferve the frank pledge, on being mads free of the coir.mot in rcfpeft of pof- felFions therein; Homicide, flavin 2; a man without malice; Honcfly, the inclofing fpring fide lye or bond; Honey, in the inclofing fpring; Honour, the whijle inclofing fpring or bor- der part, manor beinj; but a part ol the circle or border; Hood, the Itigh fide covering ; Hoof, the foot covering; Hook, an inclofed confiiies or edge; H(to;->, a covering part; Hop, a fhut part or a part flrut ; F::opc, the hi-h fpring part; Horizon, the covering on the lower fide; Horn, on the high inclofure, covering or top; Hofe, the lower covering; Hoft, at the fide covering ; Hot, the Ifigh fide ; Hovel, a fmall covering or cottage; Hound (Icrris, Morog, Morran and Morthe, the furroundin'^ wp.ter cr fea fide bank, or confines circle or offspring, and O and Mac Murray, Murgh and Mahon, the furrounciing fpring v.ater confines circle, offspring or great race. Mac Nemar, on the fea circle cr offspring ; and O Neale, Nel or Ncile and Nolan, the fpring inclofing water place or bank, circle or orfsnriiu";. iM<^Ofpac, the fea confines part circle or offspring, and M'^Ov.-ini, the fpring border circ'e or off- fpring. M'^Pherfoiij 0!i tlic water part fide circle or offspring, and M'^PhcIim and O rha'y, the Ijiring water place rim or vale circle or offspring. () Qiiin or Guin, the inclofing fpring water place circle or cff:;prtng. O Felan, Ricard, Reaiy or Rei!y and Rork, tlie inclofing fpring water place fide circle or olfspiing. M^ShagliUjSurley, r.nd Swinev, the fide or inclofing fpiing water circle oroffspiliig. And O-wen and M'^Willian), the inclofing and furrounciing fpring water place circle and oifspung. Other nations have been accuffomed to the like diilindlions by ap or ab, ac, ben, fitz, v:niand fon, and even the names of the patriarch-; aie compounds of Ab-haram, from or the ion of Haram, H.i-ac, tiie lo>ver c^'Untry race or oflspring, ;wid J-ac-ob, the ion or ov iVom the otl'sprinw or race, and the like particles are incorporated in niolf ot the Knglilh names. The Irifii writers, it is ti'jc, derive the original of their natioii from fix dificrcnt f)urccs, nr.melv, No:di's grand daughter, Ca.-farea by name ; Kartholan, a L-cythiimj Nen'.etha, th.e fon of Aguonan, anotlicr Scythian ; Dci.j, vvdtli the Greeks; Gaothel ;ind his wife .Scota ; and L'iberus or Hermion and Ever or Liiinctii the Tons of IMi -jh'js ou'; of Sjjain. But, however pro- bable froin the Cantabriua vocablci to be met witii in the Iriih r 104 ] languTige, which do not occur in the WchTi, It may be thst fome Spani(h, ScottiHi, Saxon, or Scythian colonies palled from thence by fea into Ireland wijhout any great intercourfe with the Britons of this ifland, it is ftill evident that thofe very colo- nies mufl have been of the fame origin as the old feaBritonSj Greeks, and Germans of Spain, Amorice, and Britain, though not wholly of the Cymhri, GauUlh, or Engiilh race, the inha- bitants of vales, inland countries and cities, who were the original polTcflbrs and planters of the molt confiderable inland parts of both iflands, and whofe dialecls, as well as people, are in- corporated with the Iiilli, and into one or the other of thefe two, thofc hx diflinclions of the Irifli writers feem to be reducible ; for Ciefarea means nothing more than the lower water country, the illand or Ireland : fo that that colony might be fiom the Ifceni or Ireni of Britain j Uiberns and Hermion, the lower or weflern fea parts, or the Mouniler men from Cornwal and Wales; BaithoKni and Nemetha, the water parts or river bank coaileis, as having coafted with the Britons, Calledonians, and Gauls, of our iiland from Arniorica; and iJela with the Greeks or Gaothel and his wife Seota, a mixture of the former with the Cymberi-Gauls or iingliih, inhabitants of the vales, to whom the VVelfh have given the appellation of Guidels, Cuiiielglas, Guiciel Ficliad and Verduns, all fignifying dwel- lers in vales or hills and dalcj ; dnd lorne Danes and Nor- mans have fettled among ihcm. The names of the Irifli Pentarchy exprefs nothing more ih.an tlicir lituation, and thofe of the people are nearly the fame as the Englilh, without the Irifh prcilxtures, and they niay perhaps ferve to illuftratc z draft of ancient Britain in its inuuicy. Hence Jog, Join, and Joke, the incioling circle ; Jointuie, tlie inclofing circle land ; Journey, on the inclofmg water circle ; Joy, the cirCiC or the fun ; Ire, the hrc ; iron, the lire one ; Irony, from the truth ; Irradiate, the rays at ; Irrational, from rational ; Irruption, the fpringing up on the fide. IsANiUM, a promontory of lie. on tlve C:dc or lower part* Ifanavaria, N-^Valcs, the iowe'l in ih^ ma'-lli part. Ifca, iJc- von, the lower iueloilng water. Ifca, Dar.mouiorum, the lower inclollng \v.;tc:r ot the Danmor.ii or v/cftern lea fuic,^ Ifis, the lower liccnl or iiland (ide. liic, the nJe or lower water place or an ifiand. liL-Ivain, Gariili the v.%ucr pI.Ke i'ldc or Ifland vale, lilcworth, iNlidd. tir.- nde fprin j v\';:*er idand or by tlie iiland. Llip, Oxon, the fide or lower fnrin^ water pl.v.e pait. lifer or Danube, the lower iule or di\!non w;iter jnirc. lUirium Bri^.antium or Aldbu'row, Yo^kf. tlie fule lov.-er fpr-n^ v;..rer oi the Bri^antes. Itidien, Hants, the ui- tloiiiiG: [ 105 ] clofing water or Kentilli fide. Itenc or Iden, Bucks, the fide or boundary foreft or vale. Ithaiichefter or Othona, Ell', a city at thefide water. Itium or Tortus Itius, Iftius, Iclius or Calais in Belgic Gaul, or Flanders, the lower, fide or ifland water place confines or port. Ivel, Dorfet, the fpring water place or the well. Ivelchcfter, Som. the fpring water place city. Iverton, N-hum. the fpring water town. Ives, Hunt, the fpring fide. Julia Strata, the Ipring water place or Severn ftreet. Juno, on the furrounding fpring. Jupiter, on tlie fui rounding fpring part. Jura, an Uland, the ipring fide water country. Jula, the water or fpring water fide. Judea, the M'ater part or fpring water part fide. Hence Iffuc, the flowing fpring from below or the fide ; Iftmub, below the furrounding iide ; It, the fide, part, pofi"efilon or pro- perty ; Itch, the fide ake ; Item, the furrounding fide; Itinera- ry, on the Inclofing fide ; Jubilee, the fpring water place ; Judge, the fpring edge ; Jug, the fpring confines or fiiut ; Juggle, a fhut on the fj^rlng of light ; Juice, the fpring fide ; July, the fpring of light ; Jumble, the furrounding fpring place -, Juuip, the fpringing about part ; Jundlion, the fide Ipring water inclofing ; June, the fp'ing in or the high fpring ; Jury, the fpring of truth ; Jufl, the ipring fide part or property; Jut, the fpring fide; Juvenile, on the fpring part. Kae, a part inclofed by water or a field. Kaer, an inclofed place, dwelling or city by walls ditches or po!itical union. Kantre, Yv^ales, an hundred towns or tythlngs of ten freeholds each, the firil Celtic divifion of countries and models of go- vernment in commots or cantons. Karn, V.'ales, on the in- clofing v/ater, a Lan.v or an hill. Karneth, Wa'cs, an inclc- fure Oi fortincailon on a hill. Kaftcil, Calter, or Caftle, Wales and England, an inclofurc or furtificatlon on the fide water p'acc. Keeps, Yorkf. the inclofing water part fide. Kelian, N-Waleo, thf inclci.'.ng water place bank. Kcllcy, Wales, Ire. on the ii'.chjfing waior place, a cell, a co\crcd place or grove. Kclhop, l)n\-. the inclofing water place high fpriuLi; part. Kelfay and :i.- . .^ !.:iic. Scot, the inclofing water place or iea fide or CO 1. iven.ics, Wales, the inclofing water pk'ce fur- rounding fide or champain country, ivcniiburrow and Kempf- ford, Uloc. the furrounding water part fide burrow and ford or way. Kemiey, \\ ore. the furroundin.i water liile. Kemf- ley, Kent, the ii;rroune:ag-f!os-kcn- keny-keran ley-aley or lalo-air-lin or lan-m.ainam-jnore or murrynfey-pec-ton, Scot. Yorkf. Ire. V/ales. N-ham. Hcref. Dur. the fitic or inclofing water place vale confirics part, vale^ divifion water, or water part, iunounding fprii:g part, place or bank, on the water part cdj:;c, flood fide, confines, on the border, place, alley, country, bank, furroundin' part, fea or r ver, on the fea, coniines part or town, anil Chilton and Hilton by dropping the C. Fv.i)ne, Line. Der. l^-W^ales, the furround- Ing water or fea confines bank or key. Kimboltonf Hunt, the furrounding water bolt town. Kin^Lary, CjIoc. tlie in- clofing water fide or border b,;r. Kincairn, Sect, en tlie in- clofing; or foremoft border. Kin or King card n-dcrt- ■;! et- erfley-fare-liorn-lofre-rofs-ton orfLor.-tor-tbury-v.xil, Scot Chef. Yorkf. Heref. Stafi: Surry, War. Wales, Bcikf. the Inclofing water border fide, part town, fide, fide place, Hr, high fpring,, 7 jower [ 107 ] lower or fide plp.ce, border fide or morafs, town, to^ver bor- der or country, dwcHing part or burrow and fprin[; or duel- ling place. Kirby Thor, W-mor. the ijic'ofing Avater pait or border gate or Thor's border pa t. Klrkby-ham-intiloch-ky- by Thor-cowbrigbt-ton-bfio;), Eff. Leic. War Yorkf. Lane. Line. W-mor. the inclofing water or border conlincs part or habitation, vale or home, on the lake fide, place, pate part, fpring water part confines, town and lower place town. Kir- fop, Cumb. the border lower j art. Kirtiing or Catiidge, Camb. the inclofing water place border. Hence Kid, kidney the twins; Kilderkin, en the water part fide veilcils ^ Kill, fhutting the flood of life; Kiin, on die lire Ihut ; Kiu'bo, the fur ound ng water part ; Km, in beni.:, generafng or inhabit- ing together ; Kind, the kin fide , Kuul e, generating fire ; Kini', fioni Ki-m'j, chief of the meiofing water or Lngiiih confines, and not ftom Cyni;;ge, as per Camden; Kingdom, the limits, borders or dominion of a king-, Kirk, the inclofing water confines, meet ng or eh inch ; Kifs, the fides or the li.erand fex together; Kit, Kiteiitn., Kitten, from being to- gedier, at the fide or the common inhabited pa:t. K\AP])AL£, .^cot. the inclofing v.ater part vale. Knap- toft, an inclofing water part or covering border part fide. Knarelburrow, Yorkfi on or above the inclofing water part fide burrow. Knath, L nc. the inclofing water fide. Kneb- worth, Herts, the inclofing water part fide fprng or dwelling part. Kington, Kn veton or Kineton, l)er. War. S-\\^aies, the inelofini water fide or gate town. Knock Fergus, Ire. on the inclofing water confines hank or rock. Knocking, !Salop, the inclofing water confirics or r(;ek. Knoll, Kent, on the inclofing water high place or an hill. Kottingley, Yorkf. a place on the inciofing water fide. JCnotsford, Chef, the border meeting ways, licn.ce Kirap, a fweiling part ; Knap- lack, a fwclling part fack ; Knave, a covering part; Knead, flnit or inclofed ; Knee, a ioint or fiiut ; Kneel, on the knee ; Knel, the knee, flnit or kirk calling; Knife, the edge thing ; Knight, at the inclofing water coniines and an hoileman :n a fecondary fcnfe ; Knit, inclofing fides; Knel', alhut part ; Knock,. Knot, Knuckle, a fwclling, ihutting or ip.clofir.e. Jvo^wix or Col wen, Wales, on the inclofing f'lring water place confines or a colony of the Veneti, Vv'ent;-, \\iied(-ri.'ns, or dwellers on the ipring water fiules or in vales. Jvonfiolen, Confcolen or Pvoll rick, Oxon, the inclofing fpring water place border, bank, pillar or kingdom, roll (jf the fcvcrai diiiricr^ therein, which alfo ferved for mere Hones and the temples (,j the god 'i'crmi;ius, and of which there were mnnv ; a,> tl ^^ r 2 [ >o8 ] ricl: near Oxford, Stonehcrige on Saiifburv Phin, and Weft Kenet, Wilts, thofe at Wells, Burroughbndje, and Sterln?-- fhire, and in many other parts of Wales, Scotland, Ireland and France, and thofe erc£lcd by Jricob and Laban ar.d other pa- triarchs, and the Roinans. Kraig Kerv.in, N- Wales, the high borders on the inclofing fpring water. Kromlech, N-Wales, the furrounding water or border (lone. Krygfrin, N-Wales, the hill borders or ftone heaps. Krvg y dyrn, S-Wales, the inclofing Ipring water part or kingdom border or mere ftones. Kuldees, Scot, the inclofing water place fide, cells and cell- men. Kum or Combe, AVales and V/efl of England, the fur- rounding fpring Avater parts or vales. ICummod or Commot, Wales, the vale refidcnce or dwelling place. Kydweli, S-Wales, the inclofing fpring water place fide or a joint dwel- ling place. Kyn, Wa'es, the inclofing water place confines or chieftain. Kynet, Wilts, the inclofing water place confines fide. Kynta, Kynt or Kent, the inclofing water or foremoft coaft. Kynwy or Conwy, N-Walcs, the inclofing fpring water confines. Kyle or Kylan, Wales and Scot, the in- clofing or foremoil water place or bank. Laeerus Durus, Kent, Ire. the fpring water place part gate. Lac, Lane. Wales, a lake or an inclofcd vrater place. Lacock, Wilts, the inclofing fpring water place confines, fliut or caftle. Laclodorum, Laclovodum, or Stony Stratford, Bucks, tlv: inclofing fpring wrier place gate, flation or ftreet. Ladan, 1-v.iko, on the fide fpring water i-lnce. Ladfleni, Scot. on the fide fp'ing water place or vale. Lade or Ladian, Wilts, on the water place fide or country. Langham, Surry, the in- clofing fpring water place or home. Lairc Merney, Efi". on the mere fpring water place- Laird, Scot m or over the fide fprin;; water place or boider. Lais, an hark>t of Corinth, the fide f(-ring water place. Lalam, IMidd. tlie furrounding fpring water place, place or palace. Lamb'^y, a Britifa ifland, the furrounding water place pait Lambeth or Lanbeth, Surry, the furrounding or inclofing fpring water place pait fide, bank, lane, flreet, or the Sullonir.ca; or Watling ftreet. Lamburn, Berks, on the furrounding fpring water place part or abode. Lamer moor, Scot, on the furrounding fpiing water place moor. Lamerton or Lamberton, Devon, Scot, a town there- on. Lan, Lang, Lon, Clan or Glan, the inclofing water place, bank, lane, ftreet, vale, yard, church vard, church or village. Lanbadern, S-Wales, a bank, church, or village on the water part. Lan-beris-boidy bren-cafter-ham-daf-derden- dev.'i brevi-elwy-edern-ercoPL-erick-ganum or lyn-ger-gcrfcrt- gerfton- [ 109 ] gerfton-glll-liall-ley-'ho-port-rKle-ton or thony-hea.h-hiclrock- idan-ruft-villing-weuog-witliam-yken, \Yales, Lane. Dur. Suff. Salop, Cumb. Scot. Nott. Efl". Wilts, W-mor. Herts, N-hum. 8om. Gloc. Heref. Camb. Corn, the bank, yard, church, or village of the fpring water part iiJe, border ipring water fide, the fpring water part or hill, caftle or city, vale or home, divifion fpring part, Ipring water part fide o/ valtr, di- vifion fpring water part, Ipring water place, on the wa:or part, water coaft, confines water, inclofing water, border, border fort, border fide town, inclofing water place, high water place, water place, high fpring, of the water or port, fiile, town, heath, along the rock, the divifion water part, the river lower fide, the inclofing fpring water place, fpring on the fea, vale fpring fide, aiid inclofcd water or lake. Lara, the mother of the two Lares the iield gods by IMercury, on the fpring water place. Lares, the fide fpring water place. Largi, N-hum. the fpring water place confines or country. Latham, Lane. the fpring water place fide vale. Latimer, Bucks, the fur- rounding water or me; e fide place. Latium, or Italy, the bor- der place coad. Latobrig-;, Switzerland, the Italian fpring water part confines or borders. Lava:i, N -Wales, tlie fpring water place part. Lavatrre or Bovres, Yorkf. en the ffn-ing water place fide. Lau.den or Lotliien, Sc. •.. on the inclofing fpring water place fide. I.aiuier and Lauderdale, Scot, the inclofing fpring v.-ater part vale. Laughton, Sufi". Line, the inclofing fpring water confines town. Lavington, Wilts, the inclofing fpring water place tovrn. L;-nxion or 1 :inccfi:-)n. Corn, a town on the inclofing water place or bank. Laxton, N-ham. the fpring water pl.ice confines t(nvn. Layton a;- a Laywell, Yorkf. Lff. the fpring vrater place to\vn or dwciiin .. Hence Labor, on the border fpring water ; Lace, the fitie fpring water place; Lacerate, the fide fpring water place di\ir.on; Lack, the fpring water place fhut; Laconic, a clofe or ll-.ut fpring of call or fpecch ; Lad, at the fpring, or the faring fide ; Ladder, Lade, Ladle, and Lady, as being at the the fide water or dwelling place; Lag, the fioring fhu:; I^aird, or Lord, on the inclofing water p!acc fide; L.ity, the country folks; Lake, a fluit w.iter place; Lamb, the farro.p.'A'.ing fpring part; Lame, a Ihut upon; Lament, t'.o furromi-'ving fpring water part fide; Limmas, tliC furroun'dir.g Ipiing low- ering, or at mais on the finl ot Au.ui:; lyai.io, loii rounding the light part; Lance, on the water pi. xe courMie;; ; Laiicct, on the fpring water place fide; Land, on tiie w.iicr p.';; ; or bank fide or divifion; Lane, ou the fpring v.-.lcr i-)!ace ba^o: fide; Language or Linguage, the flowing ipring of rl>.' \<:;.e > X tongue; Languilli, the llowing fpring low; Lank, the v/a- tcr [ no ] terbanK-j Lnntern, on the water fide bank; Lnp, the water place J ait; iapfc b. ;.,\v the water f.Jace part ; i.arboard, the icv.e" bcurci; l^arccir;, on the jnclofinjr water pjace; Large, on the v.'ater place comir.cs; I-arum, on thj iurroundint^ wa- ter pb;cc ; Laih, Lafs, and Lafl, the Icfj'e- or lower fpiing wa- ter p'iac;- ; La'ch, th.c i'pring M-atcr place fine; i ,itc, Latent, and Lateral, the fpriirx water place fide; Lath and j^athe, the divifion fprinp: water place or ildes ot three or lour hundreds, or wapontachL.^ ; Lat!-, xve or Trithii'i^ireve, the lath warden; Lather, i atitiuie, and Lattice, on thelpiing water place bde ; Laud, tire high ipring P'-^'-j ba'igh, ip:i;:ging; up; Laviib, leirening the Iprin^ water place; Launch, on the Iprin'j, water place confines; Laur.drcls, on the fpriiig v. ater place fide; Laura, on the fpring water place or a ceil ; Law, on the b.ring water place; Lawn, on the f ring water place; Lax, the fp'ing water place confines; l.r-v, the ipring place or ground ; Lazzi, Frilingi, and Lihiingi, the Saxou divilion of the people into the common or lo.ver i^eople or labourers, the freemen and noblemen, or the lower fervants or vaffaJs, the free or water bank holders, and the vale holders or poffeiTors. Lea, Herts, the fnring water place. Leach and Leake, Bucks, the inclonr.g f;;rir.g v.-ater place Leam, N-ham, the furrounding fpring water place. Lamlnglon, Vfar. the fur- rountling ipring water place corifmes town.. Lcandcr and He- ro, lupp;iled to be two lovers of Greece, the Ipring water place on the water part, and the lea v/ater or a river difcharging it- fcif ir:to tin- lea, or their finiilar hero^iyphlck parts. Lecal, Ire. the inelofmL?: or incloied l/rin-^ water place. Lechlade, Gioc. the inclobng iprinn: water place bd.e or ccun.trv. Lech- liam AViJts, the inclobng fpring water place vale, home or tlv/elling place. Lechamlted; B.^eks, the inclofmg ipring wa- ter place vale, feat, or Itation. Leckingbeld, Yoikb the in- cloung fpring writer p^ace confines dwelling place or field. 1/edbiiry, He.eb thebdefp.ing Awater or dv,eh'ing part. Le- tliard, .^om- Wilts, tl^c part or fide on the file fpring watfr place. Ledfton, Yorkf. the fide ipring -water pla.ce fide town. Le, Lee, Ley, Lees, Ixir, Leeds, and Letb.e, Leic. Chei'. Wales, Lfl" Kent, Yorkf Greece, the fpring wa\'r place fide, lioui'c, Icct, or palace. Lecfwcod, N-AVaIe>, the filing wa- ter place fide wood, f-eerpolc or Lever.-^ole, Laiic. the ipring furiouiuling water or poole place. Legculium, bcgetium, Jvirkby, Lontcfacl, or Caflleibrth, Yorkf the inclofng fpring water piac or border fule fliUt, lortif cation, broken ri\ers or wapfJMtaches, or caflle way l^eon or C'aer Lron, Vfa'es and Cheiier, a ciiy on the iuclofmg fpring water [bacc cr a colony. Lcgra, [ HI ] Lcgra, a river at Lcicellcr, the Inclofiag or border fprmg water place, or the vale border water. Leibourn, Kent, the fpring water place neighbourhood. Leicelter, Legiceflcr, Lcogora, or Loegora, the fpring water place confines, borders or vales, or the city of the vale inhabitants, Avho divided their countries by rivers into wapontaches or hundreds, under the direction and government of the earl and baron, after the man- ner of the Gauls, Cumberi, and Englifli, but the Britons were moftly fea coafters, T.eider, Leiger, Leigh, and Leiic, Yorkf. Staff, Wore. Scot. France, the inclofms: fpring vater place. Leinfter or Langenia, Ire. the inclofing fpring Avater place fide divifion or country. Leith, Scot, the fide water place. Lei- ton or Durolitum, EfT. the fide water place gate or town,. Lclanonius, Scot, on the fpring water place bank. Lemanis Portus, Limen, or Lime, the water place fide, pert or haven. Lemington, War. the furrounding water p';^c eon fires tov.n. Lemfter or Leominfler, Heref. the furrum. ' iig fpring water place edge, ftation, minfler or monaftery. Len or Lyn, Norf, on the inclofing or inelofcd fpring water place, bank or pool. Len-ham-ox-ton, Kent, Scot. Nott. the inc''^nng v/atcr place- vale town or upper bank. Leod and Natan Lead, Ilant--, oi\ the f[)ring Avater place fide diftricls, dlvifions, families or tribes. Leonards foreft, Sufl'. a forelt on the inclofing fpring 'Aater place fide. LefKcrd, Corn, the lower fpring water :da.'c bor- der. Lelley, Scot, the lower water place or the iwa'id. Les- tofFe-torrnin-wilhiel or uzella, SufF. Corn, the lower vratei' place border part, edge or fpring water place, Lcih'jfowy Corn, a water place below the border. Letrini., Ire. tivj wa- ter place fide, rim or border. i>tttidur, IJedanford or Bed- ford, the fide ffiring water place, gate way, ford, f^uion or habitation. Leucarum or I.odior, S-V/alcs, the boidcr f'rin?- water pi, ice. Leucopibia or VVhithern, .'^c;t. the inclofriig faring water place dv/elling parts. Levels, Yorkf. on i^ff Vv'-ater jdaces. Lcvcn, Cumb. N-Waic.'i, on tlie f ring water place or marflics. Leventhorp, Heri ;, the iaclofi!!':; faring water place gate. Levin and i^evington, Scot, the ir.clDling fpring water place confines tovvii. Lewes, SuO'. the fp'ing water I lace fide Lexington, Nott. a t!)v.'n on the w, iter :'l'iee confines. Leyburn, W-mor, the f ring water place nei^h- bourhcod, Leydcn, on the water plr.ce iide. i.cyinouth,, Lff. the fpring water place n:cuth. he^'^n, Bed. the fpring Avatcr place fide town. licnee Lead, the warer phiee f de ; Leader, on the water place fde ; Leaf, ofl' the phiee-, League, the warer place confines together; j^cak, tliC vw-;uer place cou- iinej; Lean, the inclofing water place; L cap, the water piaae [ 112 ] part; Learn, on the inclofmg water place- Lcafe 2nd Leaflij the fpring water place fides or divifions ; Lcaft, the fprint^ wa- ter place lower fide; Lea'iher, on the fpring water p^ace fide; Leave, from the fpring waicr ] 'ace; Lechery, on the inclo- fmg or border water plac:'; Lecture, on the inclofing Avater place fide; Led, the water place fide; Ledger, on the water place edge or confines; Lee, the place next tlie water oppo- fite to the wind; Leech, t'le fpring water place edge; Leer, en the lee; Lees, below the water place; Leet, the fpring water place fide, houfe, court, or palace ; Leward, towards the v/ater place ; Left, the place off the fpring fide; Leg, the fpring place; Legg, the fpring water place confines; Legate and Legacy, at the water place confines ; Legal, as inclofed within the borders; Legitimate, Avithin the furrounding Ava- ter place borders; Legion, on the inclofing water place ; Le- giflator, lord of the inclofed water place or border ; Leifure, below the fpring Avater place ; Len or Fanelhen, in German, the inclofing fpring Avater place bank, or the fee of a baron ; Lerlen, church lands; Len Epifcopi, bifliop's land, land being a compound of len or Ian, the Avater bank, and d a fide, part or divifion ; Lend or Lent, the inclofing fpring water place fide or diviuon; Length, the inclofing Avater place fide; Lenitive, like Av, iter; Leonine, the fpringing one; Leopard, the lion part ; Lefs, the fide fpring Avater place ; Let, the fide fpring Avater place, which hinders or fufi'ers; Letter, on the Avater place fide; Levant, on the fpring rifing or eaflern fide; Le- vel, on the fpring Avater place ; Lever, on the fpring water place ; Levity, a fpringing property ; Lewd, at the fpring water place. LiBNius or Lifley, Ire, the Inclofing fpring Avater place. Lichfield, Stafi". the inclofing fpring Avater place dwelling, or a ftony field in a fccondary fenfe. Lickey hill, Wore, the in- clofing fpring Avater place liil!. Lid, Kent, London, Sufi. Camb. Scot. Cumb. Devon, the fide fpring Avatcr. Lidef- dale-ford-fton-gate, the lid fide vale, lord or way, fide toAvn or gate. Liga or Ligon, an ifland, in the inclofing Avater place. Llguria, Italy, the water place border. I^ilbourn, N-ham. tlic fpring w.ucr place neighbourhood or abode. Lii- Icfliull, Salop, on the fpring Water fide high place. Liling- flcn, Bucks, the inclcfing fprir.g uater place fide town. Liir.c, Kent, Dorfet, the furrounding fpring Avatcr place. Linicrick, Ire. on the furrounding fpring Avatcr place confines. Lining, Kent, on the furrounding water place confines. L;nc;i, S- Wales, on tlic furrounding Avatcr place, or the Avatcr place e;'i:e. Linn., Line. NoU. the inclofing fpring Avater place bank [ I'o ] bank or a lake. Lindley, Leic. the inclofing fpring water place fide place. Lindum or Lincoln, the inclofing fpring water place fide town or bank. Lin-dham-Isfarne-fey-goues- ftock-lithguo-ternum, Yorkf. Dur. Line. France, Cumb. Scot. Italy, the inclofing fpring water place or water bank vale, lower fide part, fea, confines, lower border, fea fide or lake. Lifia or Lis, the lower or ifland water place. Lifmore, Ire. the fea fide water place. Liffa, Spain, the lower water place. Lithhill, Surry, the fpring water place fide hill. Littleburrow, Agelocum, or Segelocum, Nott. the furrounding fpring wa- ter place burrow. Littlecot, Wilts, the flowing fpring at the water place confines. Littus Altum, Scot, the high water place fide. Littleton, Wilts, Mid. N-ham. Der. a town on the flowing fpring water place. Liver, Corn, the llowing fpring water. Hence Liar, from the fpring of truth ; Libel, a calling part from the fpring of truth ; Liberty, the fpring or llowing of the water part fide, border o*r property; Lice, the water place fide, or the fmall multitude ; Licence, on the fpring water place confines ; Lick, the fpring water place con- fines j Lid, the fpring water place fide or a covering; Lie, from the fpring of light ; Liege, the fpring water place or bor- der edge or chief; Lien, on the fpring water place ; Life, the flowing fpring water part; Life, fpring up the fide; Light, the fpring of fire property ; Ligation, the inclollng fpring wa- ter place on the fide ; Like, the fpring water place confines ; Limb, the furrounding fpring water place part ; Limit, at the furrounding fpring water place ; Limn, on the furrounding fpring water place or the Ihadow ; Limpid, the furrounding fpring water place fide; Line, the inclofing fpring water phice; Lineage, the inclofing fpring water place edge or race ; Link, the inclofing fpring water place confines; Lip, the flowing part; Liquitl, the flowing water part ; Lifp, the lip low part ; iyift, the fpring vv^atcr place lower or under fide; Litigate, at the fide fpring v/ater place confines ; Litter, on the water place fide; Little, the fpring water place at the fide water place i Live, the flowing fpring; Liver, the flowing fpring water. LoBRiM Hills of Phrygia, the circle or border fpring Avater place banks or hills. Lochor, Loghor, or Leucarum, S- Wales, the bonier fpring water place. Logi;i, Loch, or J^ough, Scot, the inclofed water place or a lake. Loghty, Ire. the lake lide. Loder, VV-mor. Cumb. the circle fpring water part. Lodge- Iviue, Der. the circle fpring water place edge lane. Ledge on on the wolds, the border fpring water place on the v»-ilds. Lollham bridge. N-hani. a bridge on the furrounding water place, Lon, Lane, Long, and Lun, Lane. Wules, on the Q^ circle r "4 ] circle fpring water place, bank, lane, flreet, yard or church. London, Londres, Longden, or Longborth, the inclofing fpring water place fide port or town, or the bank, lane or long town, as reaching through moft parts of Middlefex and Eflex, on the Thames fide, and an empory, key, port or ancient mar- ket or bans, under the government of a mayor and aldermen, or thcfurrounding water or river border man, and his watermen. Loni:-ford-obard-lcat-ditcli-us-fdale, Der. Germany, Wilts, Midd. Scot, Lane, the inclofing fpring water place confines or bank, way or ford, the water part fide or bards, fide water place, ditch, confines or vale. Loo or Loon, Scot, the circle fpring water place or its bank. Loopole, Corn, the circle fpring water place lake. Loofe andLoofeley, Kent, the circle fpring water place fide. Lophamford, Sufi^. the circle fpnng water place vale, way or ford. Lorn, Sect, on the circle fpring water place. Lofils or Lothian, Scot, the circle fj-'ring water fide. Loventium, Wales, the circle or border fpiii-g water place fide, or the Wenta or Veneti coafts. Lough-aw-burrow- fin-lomond-ncfs-rian, Scot. Leic. Ire. the inclofed fping wa- ter place or lake fpring, burrow, on the edge or confines, on the furrounding water place fide or mountain, promontory or river. Louth, Line. Ire. the circle fpring water place. Low- ther or Lowland, on the circle fpring water place fide or bank, fide or poflefilons. Loxa, Scot, the circle water place con- fines. Hence Load, at the circle water place fide ; Loam, about the fpring water place; Loan, on the circle or border water place ; Loath, at the circle water place fide; Loch, a fhut water place or lake ; Lodge, the circle Avater place edge or harbour; Lofty, the circle fpring water place fide; Log, a fhut place; Loin, the inclofing place; Loiter, the circle fpring water place fide; Loll, on the circle water place; Lone, the place of one, or the circle fpring water place -, Long, the circle or border fpring water place confines; Loop, apart from the circle fpring water place; Loofe, the circle fpring water place fide ; Lop, a part of the circle or border water place ; Lord, on the circle water place fide or pofleffor ; Lofe, the circle fpring water place fide ; Lot, the border fpring water place divifion; Lotion, on the water place; Loud, the border water place fide; Love, the circle fpring water part; Lough, a fhut water place or a lake ; Low, the fpring water place or well ; Lower, the circle fpring or flowing water place ; Lowcrmoft; the river at the fea fide ; Loyal, on the circle fpring or border water place. LucENi or Kerry, Ire. the inclofing or border water place, or the foremolt water coaft or coafters. Ludgate, London, the [ "5 ] the flood or fpring water place fide gate. Ludham or Lud- ivall, Norf. the fpring water place fide vale. Ludlow, Salop, the fpring water place fide place. LufFenham, Leic. a vale on the fpring water place. Luguballium or CarliHe, the in- clofing fpring water place, vale or dwelling place. Lullinj^fton, Kent, the inclofing fpring water place fide town. Lumley, Dur. the furrounding fpring water place. Lundenwic, Kent, a wick, flreet, or fortification, at the fide of, or below the in- clofing fpring water place, or London flreet in a fecondary fenfe. Lufitania or Portugal, below or at the fide of the lower water place. Lutterworth, Leic. the fide fpring water or vil- lage on the fide fprin;^ water part. Lutetia, Lucotetia, or Pa- ris, the fide or inclofing fpring water place, part, fide or city. Lundoris, N-Wales, the inclofing fpring water place, or the pool water part fide or grove. Luton, Bedf. on the border fpring water place. Luthing, SufF. on the incloimg f[)ring water place. Lydia, the fpring water place fides or diftricls. Lydington, Rut. a town on the inclofing fpring water place fide. Hence Lubricous, the fpring water place confines; Lu^ cid, the fpring of light fide; Luck, the water place confines ; Lucre, the fpring water place border; Luculent, the fpring water place bank fide; Lug, the fpring water place confines; Luggage, the fpring water place edge ; Lukewarm, the furround- ing fpring water place; Lumber and Lump, the furrounding fpring water place part; Lurch, on the fprino water place confines; Lure, on the fpring water place; Lurk, on the fpring water place confines; Luft and Lufly, at the fpring water place fide; Lute and Lutulent, the fpring water place fide or bank fide; Luxation, disjointing like the fide fpring water place; Luxuriant, Luxurious, and Luxury, on the fpring water place confines; Lye, from the fp'ing of truth; Lymp, the furrounding fpring water part; Lyre, on the fpring water place, or Mercury's harp of four or {tven firings, or rather his divifion of countries by rivers. Mac, the middle, divifion or furrounding water confines, or an offspring or fon as the growth of the country, or of a mother, the country of man. Macclesfield, Chef the middle or divifion water place fide dwelling place. Machun!eth or Maglona, N-wales, the middle or divifion water place bank. Macolicum or Male, Ire. the middle or divifion water place fide or lake. Macon or Magon, Nhum. on the midtl e confines water. Magdalea, Staff, the middle divifion or great water vale. Maghertiernan, Ire. on the middle water fide Ma^cs or Magi, i3- Wales, the furrounding or divifion water confines 0^2 or [ "6 ] or chief, Magintum, Magiovinium, or Dunlliable, Bedf. on the middle water fide or ed^c. Magna, N-hum. on the mid- dle or divilion water confines or city. IVIaglocun, a chieftain on middle or divifion water place, or the Severn chieftain. Hence Mac, a fon, or the offsfpiing of his mother country; Macaroon, a cl:ild cake-, Mace, at the divifion water fide; Macerate, to fleep in water; Machine and Make, the inclofing water wedge; Mackerel, the race of the furrounding water; Macrocofm, the furrounding border of the world ; Macula, a fpot on the furrounding fpring water place; Maggot, fur- rounded like an ingot in a mould or mouldy cheefe; Magic, the a£lion of the Magi, whole names like the Druids, ligni- fics the divifion or middle water fide, their ufual refidence; Magillrate, the Magi at the water fide; Magnet, at the female ■water confines; Magpie, the great bill; Magnitude, in the furrounding water fide. Madus, Madoc, andMedway, Kent, N-Wales, the middle divifion or boundary water. Hence Mad, or divifion ; Ma- drigal, or a calling at the divfion water part fide, or paf- toral. Maidf-n Cafllc, W-mor. Yorkf. Dorfet, the middle or divilion water fide caflle. Maidenhead or heed, Berks, the middle or along the middle water fide. Maidenway, W-mor. on the middle water way or flrect. Maidilon or Va^niacx, Kent, the middle fpring fide town. Mailor or Mailrofs, Scot. Ire. N-^Vales, the midclle or divifion water place fide. Maio, Ire. the middle or divifion fpring part. Maire, Ire. the middle or furrounding water. Maitland, Scot, the middle or fur- rounding fpring bank fide or land, or an cxtenfive country. Hence Maiden and Maidenhead, the middle fpring or fpring head; May, the middle fpring; Mayor, Major, the middle fpring man, as the mayor of London over tlie Thames; Mail, the furrounding water place; Maim, divitiing the j'pring hor- de.'; ri'Iain, the high furroundin:-.:: water part; Mainprize, with- in the fiirrour.dingv.-ater part fide ; Maintain, on tlie lurround- ing coail; Maize, the lart;c corn or chaff; Make, the lurround- ing water confines or aeuon. Malc or Macolicum, Ire. ihe middle or divifion water pbce or laice. Mahion, Mc;'.ldun, or Cam;ilodinir.m, EiY. a tC'V/n on the tiiiddle or furr(Hn-!ding water place fide. Maleos, one of the wcilern iflajids of Scotland, the middle or divifion water pl.icc. dialling, Suif. the inelofed water place or an iflr.nd. iVialmibury or Ingelborn, Wilts, the furrounding or inciefed v/atcr place, or an idand or an Englifii burrow. Mal- p<,s, CLtf. the middle water place lower part. Malvern hills. Wore. [ 1^7 ] Worc^ hills on the middle or divifioii fpring -water place. Malwood caftle, Hants, the middle or divifion water place, fpring fide, or wood caftle. Hence Mai or Male, the middle divifion or furrounding water place, either animal or territo;" rial; A'lalediftion, commanding out of the borders; Malefac- tor and Malice, a doer befide the middle water place; Mall, an alley or place on or along the middle or divifion water place; Malt, the middle water fide, the ufual place of malting. Mamignot, Kent, on the furrounding water fide. Mam- fter hill, Der. a hill on the furrounding fpring. Hence Mam and A4amma, as furrounding, or the country of a child; Ma- millary, the mother's flowing water part; Mamon, an amaffing or great furrounding water man. Man, an ifland, in the furrounding, middle, or divifion water part. Mancunium or Mancheftcr, Lane, the part or manfion on the inclofing fpring fide. ManduefTedun, Manvef- fedum, or Mancefter, War. the part on the lower fpring fide. Mandubratius, a chieftain of the Trinobantes, the divifion fpring water part fide, port, haven, or manfion, or the Idu- manum chieftain. Manod mountain, N-Wales, the manfion or inhabited mountain. Mansfield, Nott. the furrounding part dwelling. Manober caftle, S -Wales, the water part fpring or haven caftle. Manor, the circle or furrounding wa- ter part or manfion. Hence Man, in the middle fcale of ex- iftences, or on the middle or divifion water place or parts ; Manacles, the part fhut or inclofed, or the hands in a re- moter fenfc ; Alanage, m.an adling ; Mancipate, m^an keep- ing; Manciple, man keeping place ; Mandarin, on the water part, or diftrift m^an; Mandate, Mandrake, A'lanes, as fre- quenting the river fides ; A'langer, the inclofing border, or the hay or eating part; Mangle, fmall or divided parts; Many, the furrounding parts ; Manifeft, the funounding parts feen; A'lanna, the fmalleft parts ; Manner, the manner or the fur- rounding circle; Manfion, on tlie furrounding water fide or refidcnce; Mantle, a covering ; Alanurc, ufing the part; Ala- numiflion, below the furrounding border pait. Mapleton, Oxon, the furrounding water place town. Hence Map, the furrounding part. Mar or Marr, Scot, the country on the middle or divifion water part or the mid-land cr country. Marciintoniby, W-mor. the inclofing water mere or lake fide part, habitation or canton. Marches or Mers, Scot. Cumb. Gloc. Wore. N-thum. Shrop. Chcl. the middle water confines or fhuts, mews or limits. Marden and Marcley, Heref. the mere fide, place, furcft, vale or town. Margan, S- Wales, the middle, or funounding 8 water [ >t» ] water or fea confines. Mar^idunum or Marketoverton, Rut. on the inclofing fprinfj or middle confines part gate or town. Maridiinum or Carmarthen, S-"VVales, on the middle water or mere fpring part, town or city. Markgrave, the warden or overfeer of the marches. Market or Margat, Kent, LfT. Herts, Devon, the mere or fea gate or market place. A-larlburrow, Wilts, the mere, middle or divifion water place burrow. Marnhi!!, Dorfet, an hill on the mere or middle water. Marick, Yorkf. the upper or Richmond mere or funounding water. Marlow, Bucks, the mere fpring water place. Mart- ley, Wore, the mere fide place. Marton or Marcafton, Der. on or a town on the mere fide. Hence Mar and Marcid, a lake fi:anding water and moifture; March, a month, the mere or fpring divifion ; Marches, borders, or limits ; Mare or March, the mere keeping comp.;nion of the knight or mere keeper like a dog and cat ; Marefchal or Marfhai, on the mere fide* Margin, Margrave, Marinate, Marine, Mark, Market and Markfman, the mere confines or warden ; Marl, the mere place, where marl or fat clay was found ; Marline, the fea line; Marquis or Marchuis, the chief of the mere fide ; Mar- quifate, his feniory ; Marry, joining the meres or parts ; Marfii, the mere or fea fide; Mart, the mere or fea fide j Martial, on the mere fide ; Martingal, the fretful horfe tye ; Martinmas, the fpring or mere drawing in mas, month or di- vifion ; Martyr and Marvel, or the faint-like l:fe of a marquis, dedicated for the defence of the meres or boundaries of his country. Maserfield or Ofweftry, Salop, the middle or divifion ■water fide dwelling place or the weft:ern confines town. Mafliam and Mafic, Yorkf. the middle or divifion water fide or vale. Hence Mafculine, on or upon the middle fpring water place or bank ; Mafh, at the water fide ; Mafic, the mere (hut; Mafs, the fide or contents of the mere or limits; Mafter, the mere lower fide lord ; Mallift", the mere fide thief. Mathravel, N-Walcs, the middle or divifion fpring water place fide or country. Matifco, Gaul, the middle confines water fide. Hence Mat, as its ruflies grow at the water fide ; Match, joining the confines ; Mate, a companion or being at the fame confines ; Matter, the furrounding parts or bodies ; ISIatrimony, the fame furrounding part or body ; Ivlatrofs, the leaft over the boundaries ; Matrefs, the lower; Mature, ufing the mat or covering. Mauley or Malo lacu, Sufi", the furrounding fpring water place ditch or lake or a bad ditch. Mauitby, Is'orf. by the furrounding r "9 ] furrounding fpring water places or fea fides. Maumbury, Dorfet, the furrounding fpring burrows. Mauritania, on thq furrounding water or fea fide or coafl. St. Maure, on the fea fide or lower coaft. Hence Maul, on the furrounding fpring water place ; Maudlin, on its bank or edge ; Maw, the furrounding fpring part ; Mawkifh and Mawks, the lefier furrounding fpring fhut. Maxey C.iillc, N-hamp. the middle or divifion water flmt or cafllc. Maxtock Caillc, War. the middle water border fhut or caft.'c. Maxwell, Scot, the middle water fliut fpring or dwelling p'r.cc. ricncc Maxillary, as furrounding and maxim as evident aa the furrounding parts or felf-cvident. Me AGILE, Scot, the middle water place fide. Meales, Norf. the middle water place fide or banks. Mcanborow and Meanvari, the middle fpring water on the fea \ art or neigh- bourhood. Mearnes, Scot, on the m,idd!e or furrounding water fide. Meatsc, Mccatac, Meth or Boyne, N-hum. S-Wales, Ire. the middle or furrounding water fide or a champaign or lowland country. Meaux, Yorkf the middle or fur- rounding water confines or fhut. Hence Mead or Meadow and Meat ; Meager, the furroundini; water |or fea confines ; Mean, low or on the middle water •, Meafure, the middle water fide ufage. Mechlin, in the low countries, the furrounding water confines bank. Mecklenburgh, in lower Saxony, the fur- rounding water bank burgh. Hence Mechanic, a craftfuian or maker of crafts or fmall fhips at the water fide •, Meckc or gentle and make. Meden or Newport, Hants, the middle or divifion v.'ater fide or a port on the fpring Avater part. Medefwcll and Medcf- hamfted, N-ham. the middle or divifion water fide well and vale ibation. Media, in Afia and Thrace, the middle or divifion water fide or poOeffions. INTcdiolanum, Milling or Meifod, Gaul and N-Walcs, the middle Avater confines, bank or village ; the meaning of names thus varying Avith the na- ture and fituation of places. Medley, Yorkf. the middle or- divifion water fide place or palace. Med way, Kent, the middle' Avatcr. Medona, Ire. the middle or inclofing fpring. Medop, Scot, the middle border part. Hence Medal, from its being made of metal, Avhich fee ; Ivleddlc or Interpofc, Mediate, Medicine, Mediocrity, Mctlitatc, Medium, Medlar, Medley, Medullar, Meet, Meeiing. Melborn, Cam. ])cr. on the fpring middle or divifion water place, dwelling or neighbourhood. Mclcomb, J dorfet, Dur. the middle Avatcr place vulc. Melerftorm, Scot, the; Hiiddle [ I20 1 middle or furrounding vvat«- place or fea fide town. Melfield, N-hum. a dwelling on the middle divifion or furrounding water place. Melford, SufF. the middle water place ford or way. Melienith, Wales, on the middle or divifion fide. Melton or Middleton, Dorfet, Leic. the middle water place town. Melifont, Ire. the middle water place river fide or bridge. Melwood, Line, the middle or divifion water place fpring fide or wood. Hence Melancholy, on the middle water place bank confines ; Meliorate, at the border water place and the Welfh melion, trefoil or on the boundary water place ; Mellow and Melt, or in the other language thefe names may come from the fun or circumambient light. Mena, Mene-ing, Meneg, Meneu and Meney, Corn. EfT. Wales, on the middle, inclofing or furrounding water part, edge or boundary or narrow water part. Menapia, Menavia and Menevia, Ire. Wales, a part inclofed by or on the furrounding water or on the inclofing water fide or edge. Mendip, Som. the edge or border fide part or hills, as the limits of the old Britons. Mendlefham, SufF. a vale or home at the fpring water place fide on the furrounding water or fea part. Menlersford, Berks, the water place fide ford or way on the furrounding or divifion water part. Menill, Dur. on the furrounding water place or the water place edge. Menteith, Scot, the in- clofing water fide or edge. Hence Member, the fpring on the trunk, fliut or furrounding part ; Men or Man, as being therein ; Menace, the border adlion ; Mend, dividing the border j Menial, on the border ; Menfes, the divifion of the boundary, and in a fecondary fenfc the divifion of the fun's round by that of the moon ; Menfuration or Meafuration, which fee ; Mental and Mention, on and from the mind. Mer or Mere, Som. Wilts, the midille divifion or furround- ing water or as fuch the fea, meres or boundaries, and alfo an inclofed water place or lake. Merbury, Chef, the middle or mere fpring part. Mercia or the counties of Glocefi:er, Here- ford, Worceller, Warwick, Leiccfter, Piutland, N-hampton, Huntingdon, Lincoln, Bedford, Buckingham, Oxford, Stafford, Derby, Salop, Nottingham, Cheitcr and part of Hertford, the middle, mere or fja confines or the marchers. Merdon or Merton, Wilts, Surry, Kent, Lane, the middle, divifion or fur- rounding water, mere or lake town. Mercury, the fea border ; Meregate, Kent, the fea gate or port. Mercworth, Kent, the middle water fide fpring water or dwelling place. INIerifield and Merival, Wilts, War. the mere dwelling place or village. Merkln, Corn, the fea confines. IMcrlin, Wales, Scot, the fea bank, and in a fecondary fcnfe, the poffefibrs of the fea banks [ "^> ] bank and the fea race or line. Mcrnis, Mernicones or Vcrni- cones or Ve6luriones, Scot, on the inclofing \vater or fea fule, confines or polTeflions and poflelTors. Merfey, Efl'. Lan. Chef, the lower middle water or mere. Mertanbrooke, Der. the middle water or mere fide brook. Mervinia or Merion, N-Wales, the furrounding or fnrrounded water part edge, mere or lake or the weftern meres or limits- Merwald, Heref. the mere water place fide, bank or wall. Hence Mercer and Merchant, as trading and marketing were carried on by fea and at the fea fide ; Mercury, the furrounding water or fea borders of Europe, along which the Phrygians, Britons, Greeks, Germans, and the other Titans, made their firft migrations and poflefled all the fea coafts from Cireece to Livonia ; Meretri- cious, the middle water part confines ; Mercy, the middle water confines ; Merely, the middle water place ; Merry, the middle water part ; Merrythought ; Meridian or mid-day ; Merit, the mere right ; Merfion, in the furrounding water fide, where infants and crim.inals were dipped for original fin and aftual tranfgrcfiions. Mese, Gaul, the furrounding water or fea fide; Mefliha, Gaul, the furrounding water or fide 5;Iace. Meflapia, Italy, the lower inclofing or divifion part or champaign country. Mef- burgum, ^jpain, the divifion fpring Avater part confines, dwel- ling or burrow. Hence Mefentery, the middle inclofing part; Mefh, the fide divifion ; Mefs, a part or divifion of food or other thing ; MeiTage, acting or going to the lover border ; Mcfluage, an inclofure on the middle or divifion fpring fide. Metaris iEfturarium or Meltraeth, Norf. Wales, the furrounding water fide or place lower land, fands or wafhcs. Meth, Ire. the middle fpring fide or ciiampaign country. Mettingham, SufF. the middle or furrounding water fide, ifland or ingles vale. Hence Met, the fide furrounding water ; Metal, from its being foft like water, and found at the fea fide ; Metamorphofc, the furrounding fea coafl: below the water part or a fofic ; Metaphor, for the furrounding coaft or part ; Mete and Metre, a meafure like the middle water fide; Me- thod, the funounding water borders fide or a country within the fame ; Metropolis, the furrounding water part fide place or city, or as fuch the mother city in a fecondary fenfe ; Mettle, at the middle water place ; Mere, fimt up or inclofing fpring; Mcxburgh, Yorkf. the fui rounding water confines burrow, Michel Grove, Sufi", the furrounding water place confines grovcj or as the boundary woods were ufually very large, a ^^ ijrcat [ 122 ] ^reat high wooil. Micnclharrij its vale or dwelling phti. IVIichelncy, Jiom in the furrounding water place or an ifland in the divifion water p. ace. Micklcwood, Gloc. the furround- ing water place or g!cat wood. Mickneint, N-Wales, the h'gh furrounding parts above the bottom. Mickelbar, Yorkf. tlie middle or incloTing water place part, bar or gate. Mikef- grtte, IJedf. the middle or furrounding Avater ndt gate. Hence MichaelmaSj the middlemas j Mickle or great j ISlicrocofm, the little circle world. MibDLEHAM, Yorkf the middle or funounding water place vale. Middleton, the middle town. Middlefex, the fniddle fide water c nfmcs. Middlewich, Chef, the middle or div non water confines fliut or inclofure. Middlehuril, Suff. the furrounding or middle water fide forefl or wood. Hence Mid, Middle and MidriiT, the middle divifion part i IMidwife, the fide divifion wife ; Midas, a king or chief of the middle or Mediterranean fide or lower water part. Mii.be RY and Miibarrov,', Dorfet, Wilts, the middle or fur- rounding water part or barrow, and in a fecondary fenfe, as battles were ufua'ly fought on the confines parts, the military harrow. iMllford or Havcrford, S- Wales, the furrounding ■water place way or harbour. r-.ijdM'.r., Cluv.o. on the furround- ing water place or fea fide. P.Ililhorpc, W-uior. the furround- ing water place or fea i^atc part. ?.1illon or iVli'ddltton, Kent, Norf. Ndiuin, the furrounding water place lidc or n-liddle town. Hence Milch, Mild and Milk, the ilowing water ; Mill, from its fituation on the middle vvater place ; Mile, from the length of the inclofing water p'ace ; Millenium, the funound- ing water place or fea bank j Milt, at the water place fide. MiME.iA and Mims, Herts, on the middle or iurrounding watc. Hence Aiiniick and INIi'ck, acting the edge of the li's, mouth, cheeks and feature by way of giin-iace. lMiS:c>nNGH.A MPTuN, Gloc. the confines water edge vale p:i't town. xJiidvevit, Corn, on the fp-'irig fide or dwelling place at the high iurrounding water. Miniabrych, Scot, the upper br rder;: or confines cd'^t. Minfter, the fide water J^^art ed^e. Miinfui;, i\.....i'. the nnrounding water bank or fcA fivie or edge. H<:T:ce .Mi;..::. ; y. making th.e edie of the mouth O'^ other etige at or lh(:'ti:in-.>;,.; one \ Pdincc, Infide the mouth ; Mind, wiiuin ti;c lu;roundi:.g p.'.it iv,an (r me; Mine, in me or my co-'.hne" ; Mine, m tlve fitrroei^ding water part, wh.ere it was fird found; Min,!e, v.'ithin the ;r.a"ie ceitimes v/ateS' place . r.'itiim, the v.-ater rim (.;'ge ; INIir.ion or ?,Iinx, on the i;ps i:dgt or fronnncs ; Minilhj lefiening the eege or border • Mnniier, [ 1^3 ] ]^Hulfler or Menirrc, the border water fide ar edge i. .Minor^ the circle edge ; MInta;:c, ou the furioundlng water coad; Minuet, fpriiiging. round or about ; Miuute, the ipring water fide. jMirobriga, Portugal, the furrounding water part confines. Hence mire, the furrounding water pans ; Mirror, from the furrounding water ; Mirth, the furrounding water fide or part. MissENDEN and Mifterton, Bucks, Leic. a town or vale on the middle or confines water fide. Millcnhead or Notium, Ire. a head or promontory on the lower furrounding water. Hence Mis, below or a^ the fide of the rnere or mark ; Mif- behave, to behave below the mark or amifs; Mifchance, a chance at the fide of the mark ; Mifer, one below the mark ; Misfortune, Mifliap, Mifreckon, Mifrule, mifs or below the mark ; Miflile, or the furrounding water fide place ; Mifllon, on the furrounding water fide place, to which place the, ancient legations moflly extended ; IVlift and Mifty, below the water fide ; Miftakc, mifs fliutting the bounds or limits of the coaft j Miftletoe, the border water place mark. MiTFORD, N-hum. the furrounding water or fea fide ford, ■^vay or port. Mitton, Yorkf the furrounding water fide town. Mitylene, in the ifland Lcfbos, the furrounding water place part or bank. Hence Mite, the border fide ; Mitigate, the border fide get ; Mitre, on the border fide. MrxoN, Hants, on the furrounding water confineSj a^> ihinglcs is below the ifland. Hence Mix, in the furrounding water confines- Here an ifland is called Ingles, which wa^ the firft Saxon Name of England. But fee Ing and other places^ which prove that the vSaxon name' England fignifics the ifland or Angles country, and that by An^le^ v/as meant the Ifceni ifland. MoDBFRRY, Devon, the furrounding water or fea fide har- bour or dwelling part. Modona or Slane, Ire. on the fur- rounding water or fea fide, or on the water bank fide. Hence iVTede, at the fide of pr wit'nin the furrounding water or th? manner of what is contained in the limits ot' a njanor or other furrounding parts ; A'lodcl, en the mode ; IModeratCj at the furrounding water part ; Modeft, the furrounding water part lower fide ; Modem, on or the government of the furrounding water part i Aioiliiy, Mouiili, Alodulate, and Modus. MoF.L and Mold, N-Wa'es, on the furrou:iding water placfj fide or an hill or barren place. ?>]o!e, fiurry, an inclofed qr (luit v/ater place. IMolefev, Surrv, the furrounding waer 'ohci ' a 2 ' ■ ..• ^.. [ 124 ] fule. Hence Moiety, the furrounding water part two fides ; Moid and Mole, a fhut water place ; Moleft, the mole lower fide ; Mollify, to infufe in the furrounding water place ; Molten, on the furrounding water place fide. MoN, Mona, Moion, Manau, Anglefey and Man iflands, In the weftern fea, in the furrounding water, the weftern fur- rounding water or the water part. Monaghan, Ire. on the furrounding water confines. Monk Coningfton, Lanc- the furrounding water confines fide town. Monmouth or Went- fet, a feat or flation on the fpring fide or coafl: on the fur- rounding warer mouth. Monwy, the furrounding fpring water. Mount Edgecomb, Corn, on the furrounding water fide or mount edge vale. IVIontgomery, or Baldwin, N- Wales, the furrounding water fide or mount or a vale or dwelling place on the fpring fide. Mountfore, Leic. the furrounding water fide or mount lower border. Montrofs or Celurca, Scot, the furrounding fpring water confines fide, morafs or cell. Hence Monarch, a chief, on the furrounding water part ; Monallery, on the furrounding water part fide. Mon- day, the furrounding water part or moon divifion ; Money, the mine, as being firft found on the furrounding water or fea fide ; Mongrel or Mungrel, the furrounding water race ; Mon, man or in the furrounding water place circle or raidfl: ; Monkey, man dog ; Monody, a man ode ; Monofyllable, one compound or labial found ; Month, the moon divifion j Moon, high water circle or orb. Morel AND, Staff, the furrounding water bank fide, pof- feffions, more, marfiies and commons ufually left unculti- vated on the boundary fides. Moravin, Scot, the furrounding water or fea fide, marfli or Forcfl;. Morefby or Morbium, Cumb. the furrounding water or fea fide part, habitation or ftation. Morelcy, Devon, N-huni. the furrounding water or fea place or palace. Morcman, Devon, the furrounding water or fea part. Morganium, vS-Wales, on the furrounding water or fea confines. Moricambe, Cumb. the furrounding water or fc;a crooked part or bay. Aioridunum or Seaton, Devon, a town on the furruunding water or fea part. Morini, on the fea or furroundine water part or the fea coafters of liclgic Gaul, or Flanders cf the fame r;;ce as the Britons of our ilTand. Morilton, Scot, a town on the fea fide. Mort, Devon, the fea fide. Alorpeth, N-hum. the fea part or fide part. Morva byclian, N-Wales, the little furrounding water part cr ir.arfh. iVIorweritl-. on the Irifh fea, the fide, lower Or weitem furrounding water or fea. Morwick, N-hum. the .fea. coanncs fhut ftrcet or ioitiritd place. Hence Moral, on the r 125 1 the furrounding water place circle or country ; Morafs, the fea or furrouiTding water fide or lower part ; Morbid, a fea livelihood or food ; More, the fea or furrounding water i Moreover, over the furrounding water part ; Morn and Morning, the furrounding fire or fun in 5 Morofe, the mouth loworfhut; Morphew, the fea fpring part or fcurf ; Morfel, the mouth fhut upon ; Mortal, the fea coaft place or vale; Mortar, on the furrounding water part fide or ftriking the fame. MosELEY, Lane, the furrounding water place fide. Moften, N-Wales, Lydia, on the furrounding water fide. Hence Mofs, on the furrounding water fide ; Mod, the furrounding water lower fide. Mole, Cumb. the fide furrounding water. Motindon, Kent, the part on the fide furrounding water. Motwy, Moth- wy or Mothwick, Salop, N-Wales, the furrounding or in- clofing fpring fide or confines. Hence Mote, Moth and Mother, as furrounding or being inclofed j Motion, tl>e furrounding property either of water or fire ; Motley, in the fame inclofed place -, Motto, covering the border. MuccLEsFORD, Berks, the furrounding water place fide or ford. Mountfbay, Corn, the furrounding water lower fide bay. Mounfter, Ire. the furrounding lower fide part or pro- vince. Moufehole or Port Inis, Corn, the furrounding water ifland or water place. Mounog or Maunog, Wales, the furrounding water or fpring part, marfli or turbery. Mu- chelney, Som in the furrounding water place. Hence Move, the furrounding fpring of fire or water ; Mould and Moult, the furrounding water p'ace fide or parts j Mounch or Munch, chewing in the mouth -, Mount, the furrounding fpring fide bank or hill ; Mountain, the high mount ; Mourn, furround- ing the urn ; Mouth, the furrounding or fea at the inclofing fpring part *, Moufe, the little furrounding animals ; Mow, the furrounding fprings ; Aluch, the furrounding fpring or water confines ; Mucilage, the furrounding water place fide or edge 5 Muck, Mud, Mug and Muggy, as being at the water place fide •, Mue, MuiTand Muffle, as being covered. MuL or IVlula, Scot, the furrounding or divifion fpring water place. Mulucha, a river of Mauritania, the upper fur- rounding fpring water place. Hence Mulatto, at the Mulucha border, or a tawney moor j Mulberry, a black berry ; Mulct, at the furrounding fpring water place fide ; Mule, on the fur- rounding fpring water place or the dumb race ; Multitude, along the iu'rounding fpring or dumb ; Mumble, Mummery, Muu'imy, Mumper. Mu N'DEN I 126 ] MuNDEN Furnival, Herts, the furrounding fpring water part fide den or vale or a vale on the fprhig part. Mundeflevj or Mondefley, Norf. the lower furrounding water place or fea fide. Munow, Hercf. the lur.'-ounding fpring water. Hence Mundane, the part or country on the furrounding fpring ; Municipal, Munificence, Muniment and Munition, as be- longing to the furrounding water part or country ; Mundbrech, the mound, ditch or a Jair breach. MuRDOCK. Scot, the furrounding fpring confines water. Murray, Scot, on the furrounding fpring water Murtlake, Scot, the furrounding fpring water fide lake. Hence Mural-, on the furrounding fpring water, a wall or fhut place -, Mur- der, a killing by fecret flriking ; A^urmur, a foft furrounding fpring ; Murray, the furrounding fpring or a dark red ; Muriion or a helmet, as covering the furrounding fpring water. MusKERRY, Kerry, Ire. the furrounding fpring water coa- iines fide or borders. Mufgrave or Mofgrave, Cumb. the furrounding fpring water or fea fide warden. Muffelburgh, Scot, the furrounding fpring water place burrow. Hence Mufch, the furrounding fpring place or race ; Mufe, the fpring or river fide or the mouth iliut ; Mufic, Mufinoom, Mulk,, Muflcct, Muftard, Mpfter and Mufty, from their various fprings ; Mute, the mouth fhut ; A'lutilate, the fpring fide place divided or deprived ; Alutiny, below the border fpring j Mutton, Mutual and Muzzle, on the mouth. My NWY, Wales, the edge fpring. Myntc Hill. Scot, th? border edge hill. Myrwy or Thanet, Kent, the border or jnclofmg water fpring. Plence Myriad, the inclonng water or fea fide ; Myrmidon, on the inclofing water or fea fide ; Myflery, at the border water part ; Mythology, a difcourfe oa or the doctrine of the furrounding fpring borders or (tables. Naas, Ire. in the lower part. Nabeus, Scot, the inclo- fing water part fide. Nablia, Germany, the inclofing water place or vale. Hence, Nab, inc.'ofing part, or in a prifon ; Naam, in an iuclofed place, impound, or within the borders trefpaflaig. Nadder, Wilts, the inclorcd, unfcen, or hidden fpring water part. Hence Nadir, the unfcen part, or point in the heavens oppofite to th_e ?enith, or point over our head. Nagn'ata, Ire. the coafi: on tlic inclofing water. Nailburne or Vipfcys, Yorkf the flood unfcen, or fpring up water from below. Hence Nail, inclclcd in a pla^c or Vinfcen. 6 Nan 7 [ ^^7 ] IvTant or Nampt, Wales, Chef, a narrow or unextenfiv^ tale. Nantuates, in Helvetia, the bottom or narrow vale dwellings or dwellers. Namptwich or Helath wen, Chef, the bottom fait fpring. Nappa, Yorkf. the inclofing, confined or narrow water part. Hence Name, on the furrounding part \ Nap, an inclofed or fnut part, as the eye in fleep, and the joint of the neck. Nar, a river of Italy, the inclofing water. Narbone of old Gaul, on the inclofing or upper water part^ country or boundaries. Narburgh, Norf. the inclofing fpring water part ccnfines part or burrow. Nardin or Narone, on the inclofing water fide. Narona, a river of Dalmatia, the inclofing or nar- f'owing water. Hence Narrow, the inclofing fpring water con- fined by its banks, and its banks by hills, fo as to form a bot- tom or dingle. Naseby, N-ham. in the lower or fide part or habitation. Nafh point, S-Wales, in the lower point or promontory. Henre Nafal and Nafty, the nofe being prominent, and one of the moll nally or dirty parts of the animal body, which cor- refponds with the other parts of nature. NATAN-Leod, the inclofing water or fea fide places, people or tribes, or the Britifh poA'cfiions and inhabitants along the fea coafts, from Hants to the Severn fca, and thenre through SoXith Wales. Natifo, a river of the Veneti in Cifalpine or Italian Gaul, the lower fide inclofing water. Hence Natal, within the inclofing water place or nation j Nature, the inter- nal fpring of fides or things, as qualities are the like fprings of action in things and quantities, the paits of extenfion in motion txud reft. N.AVAN, Ire. the inclofing water part. Nauphlia, in Greece, on or the inclofing water place, or a fea port. Na- worth caftle, Cumb. a caftle on the fide or inclofing water. Hence Naval, Nautical, and Navy, as inclofures Or Ihutson the water. Neath, Ned, or Nidum, S- Wales, o\\ or along the in- tlofing water or fea fide or coaft. Neapolis, in Italy, Thrace, and Africa, a place or city on the inclofing Water fide. Ne- tirda near Baby on, on the water fide part. Hence Neap, the water part in ; Nenr, on the water, as far is from the water; Neat, on the water fide. Nebworth, Herts, on the fide fpring water part. Ne- brifia, Spain, on the lower water part. Nebrodes Montes, in SicilV) on the water part, or water neighbourhood fides. Hence Neb, the bill of a bird, or the mouth of a river opening to the fea. Nectan, r >28 ] Nectan, Devon, on or below the v/ater fide. Neclum» Sicily, in the water fide, or a neck ol'laiul. Hence Neck of an animal J Ne6lar, as being at full culiivated on the pro- montories of Hercules, before the draining of tlic flat coun- tries. Needham, SufT. the inclofing water fide, or on the water fide vale or home. Needles, Hants, inclofed or unfeen places in the water or fide water part. Needwood, Staff, the inclo- fing or inclofed, or covering or covert water fide wood. Hence Need, not in, {een or exifting; Needle, in an unfeen or in- clofed place, inclofed parts or things unfeen being as not ex- ifling. Neil F, Ire. on the water place. Neirburrow, Norf. a burrow on the inclofing water. Neirford, Norf. a way or ford on or near the water. Hence Neigh, near or on the confines water; Neighing, nigh the inclofing water place; Neighbour, the oppofita fide of the boundary river ; Neither, the inclofing water, as belonging to neither fide; Neif, the inclofing water part. Nemus Calaterium, Yorkf. the inclofing water part fide, or Celtic grove or foreft. Nen or Aufon, N-ham. the high Inclofing fpring. Nen- field, Sufi", the high incloling fpring water dwelling place. Neor or Neure, Jrc. the inclofing or border fpring water. Neomagus, Surry and Gaul, on the middle fpring water bor- der or confines. Neot, Corn, on the circle water fide or abode. Hence Neoterick, modern, or on the fpring fide. Neptune, on the fide inclofing water or fea part. ' His being faid to have built the walls of Troy, alludes to the ex- tenfion of its colonies to the utmofl limits of the ocean. Hence Nephew, a fpring within the fame inclofing pait. Nkrvii, Cumb. N-Wales, the inclofrng water fp'ing dwelling place or dwellers, where the Rom;in cohorts weic placed ancl had their names, as had the Ncrvii of Gaul, from their inhabiting the bank of the livcr Maes in Flanders. Hence Nerve, as inclofing the fpring of life. Nesse, Kent, Salop, EfT. Scot, in the lower fide, or a promontory. Nefiiides iflands, belonging to the \'eneti of Litiie Uiita;'."!, in the fide or lower water p;;it or ifland.s. Hence NcR, NclUc, tiie jnclofure or harbour oi a bird, which were or;:,MT!;i'ly in li'^lcs in rocks on the fea fide, and unfeen. Nf.ti.ev, Tluits, on the inclofing wjter fide place. Netle- frcart, on f'; the incloiing water lide p'ace ftation Ncther- bjj Ci.;r.b, en tlic water iidc parlor .»bode. Ncthcvlunds, on the [ 129 ] the water bank fide or country. Hence Net, inclonng or on the fides i Nether, the lower on incJofing or water iidej Ne- thcrmoft, on the furrounding water Jo iver fide j Nettle, on the fide fpring. NeverNj S-Wales, the fpring on the inclofing water or fea. Nevile, a dwelling place or village on the inclofini.'; fpring water, or a mere, village, or town, which were at firfl along the fea fide. Nevin and Navan, N- Wales, Ire. the inciofing water or fea part or edge. Newak, Nott. the in- clofing fpring water confines, an inclolure or building on the fide water part, or a new building. Newborrow, Newburgh, or Ne'A'bury, Berks, Yorkf. N-V/ales, a burrow on the in- ciofing fpring water part, or a new burrow or dwelling place. Newbottle, .Scot, the inciofing fpring fide dwelling place. Newenden, Kent, the inciofing fpring fide wood, den, or foreft. Newnham, Devon, War. a vale or home on the in- ciofing fpring. Newland, Gloc. the inciofing fpring bank fide or land. Newfled, a llation on the inciofing fpring. Newport, Bucks, a part or port on the inciofing fpring, NcA-ton, Line, Wales, a town, on the inciofing fpring or a new town. Newmarket, the new mere gate. I'^^w i^v'liins, Scot, the inciofing fpring on the fea fide. licnce New, in the fpring; Never, no fpring, or the fpring inc'iofed, as Ever is the fpring j Neuter, the inciofing fpring water part, whofe fides are neuter; Newel, the fpringing pkice. NiD or Nidum, ¥/ales, Scot. Yorkf. the fide water incio- fing, inclofed, or unfeen. Nidcrdalc, Yorkf the Nid water vale. Nidifdale, Scot, the nid fide vale. Nidrcy cafi.le, Scot, the inciofing water part or fide caflle. Hence Nib or Nip, a pin or part in or ijiclofed; Nich and Nick, an inclofed fide; Niece, in the fame iide or confines; Nigh, on the fnne in- clofmg water confines •, Night, the fire o,- light inclofed di- vifion or fide ; Nightingale, the caller in the night; Nilung, no fpring of internal light, as willing is the fpring of internal light; Nimble, on the inciofing border water place; Nine, the high inciofing fide 01 rain ; Nit, not feen; No, not on or in, as On is a contraClion of io-in, the fun in, and None of no in and Noon, tlic fun in; Nivi Coiini, Wales, the hiils on the inciofing fprings and vales, or the inhalntimts i!icreof. NocTAN,Linc on the inciofing water fi^ie. licnce Noble, on the inciofing water place, and Nobility or Bunility tranfpofcd; Nobody, not in the furround.ing water j-a;t ; Ned, (];\idi:v)- or marking the furro'jnding w.:tjr p.irt or border; Nu^en, a wa- ter ftiut one -, Nolle, the funoimding water {id, on the circle fpring place ; Obligate, the circle [ilace gate ; Oblige, the circle place edge or bounds, or bound to the circle place; Oblique, from ilrait; Obliterate, from li- terate; Oblivion, a food on the circle part; Obfcure, the cir- cle fide border; Obferve, the boundary mark, or the circle fide water part ; Obfoiete, the circle part from a fide water place; Obftacle, the circle part Handing water pla'-e; Obfti- nate, Obftrucl, and Obtain, within the circle part coall ; Ob- trude, through the circle part iidc ; Obriiie, the circle part lower fide; Obviate, the circle part fpring ndc, or a way along the fame. Ocellua:, Kiinfcy, or Holdcrncfs, Yo kf. the fea or fait water pa't, promontory, or cell. Ocit.i!!;.!, at the fea fide. Occtis, Okctis, or the Orradcs of Scotlaiul, [.C/ilcilions at the fide or below the furrounding water or lea ficic. Ochcnture, Oxou. on the inclnlir.g f;:rlng v;arer i\dc. Ocide iiolc, Som. the high i'pring water hole. O ke, Devon, Ik-rks, the inclo- fing water. Ockehampton and 01;cba:n, Devori ;.nk. Oiflerhihs, Herts, the funoirivling v/arer part fide lulls. Oifici'lev, Midd. the furrounding w,\rt.r j'ait fide p'aee, or dwc.li'.ig place. Oiretu.ni, Italy, tiu; h:ri\nnuii:ig v,-;;:er fide, yicrcc Oil, tl:e fiowii^g \v;.ccr; Oint, t]:e v- atcTc-n the fides, which anoiiUs the fide^i of rivers in its eourle; Oyer, on the linioaiidinLr [ 133 ] fufreuncling water; Oyes, the furrounding water fide; Oy- fters, as ufiially found at the furrounding water. Olanige, Olantigh, Olaniage, Oleaneag, or Olenacum, Kent, GIoc. Cumb. on the furrounding, inclofing, or divi- fion water bank or confines. Old-ford-ham-ftreet-wark-wyke, the furrounding water place fide, way or ford, vale or dwel- ling place, ilrcct or water fide part, and river confines or city, and as places on the water fides were ancient dwelling places, an old ford, &c. Oleron, a French iiland, on the furround- ing water place. OHcana or llkeley, Yorkf. the furrounding water place confines or inclofures. Oliphant, Scot, the fur- rounding water place bottom. Oliver, the furrounding water place fpring. Hence Old, Oligarchy, Olio, and Olitory. Ombrios, an iiland in the Atlantic, the lower furrounding water part. Omphalium, in Greece, a place on the furround- ing water. Omer, Homer, Comer, or Chomer, the fea fur- rounding water part. Homebury hill, Surry, the furrounding fpring water part hill. Hence Ombre and Omega, as the cir- cle of all parts ; Omelet, a pancake from its roundnefs ; Omit, at the fide or out of the furrounding water ; Omnipotent, a power furrounding all parts or things. On, No, Or, and Hcliopolis, jEgypt, on the furrounding water or border, or lo-n, the city of the fun, or furrounding circle, the Temple of Apollo being here fituatcd. Onseum, in Dalmatia, on the furrounding water part. Oneal, Ire. ofi the circle or furrounding water part. Onoba, Spain, the fur- rounding water part. Onflow, Salop, below or on the fur- rounding water fide fpring water place, or a low or flow fur- rounding water. Hence On, from the motion of the water, or fun; One, the circle; Onerate, at the circle water, the ufuai place of lading; Onion, a round one; Only, the fur- rounding water place; Onward, the furrounding Spring water part ; Ooze, the furrounding fpring water part fide. Orby, Chef, the border part or abode. Orcades, Orcas, or Orkney, Scot, the inclofing water border. Ordovices, Or- doluce, Vencdotia, or North Wales, the furrounding fpring or water parts, bordci-, fides, confines, ftreets, or cities, or the borders of the Vcncti or Wenta, who, according to An- gc'us Capcllus, Polydore Virgil, and Dr. Caius, once were tlie inhabitants nt" Nerwich, and if the pedigrees of fome of the North Wales people are right, many of thofe families derive their origin tioni that ccnuitry. Ord, Scot, the furrounding water fide. Ore, SuiT. the fiirrounding fpring water. Orc- iord, its lord. Orewocxl, Co-n. the furrounding Avater weed. Ormclby, Norf. by the furrounding border fide. Ormflon, Scot. [ '34 ] Scot, the furrounding border fide town. Ormond or Orwown, Ire. the border on the Tea or furrounding water. Orry, Ire. on the border water. Orton, Hunt. W-mor. the border to-A'n. Orwei, Suli". the border fpring water place. Hence Oraibn ?.nd Oration, on the border fide; Oral, on the mouth ; Orange, around iliut part; Orb, the water circ e part, the fea being fuppofed to I'urround our globe; Orchard, an in- clofed part or yard ; Ordain, on the border part ; Ordeal, on the border water or avenging part; Order and Ordinance, on the border fide or poiTeihonsj Ore, on the furrounding water, 4t being formerly found along the water fide; Orient, the up- per i'idti border; Origin, the border water fire in; Original, on the border water fire in; Orphan, on the iiiclofing water or border part ; Orrery, on the world -, Orts, irom the fides ; Orthodox, the furrounding bolder doctrine; Orthographer, the furrounding border writer or engraver; Ora, a Saxon coin mentioned in Domefday, valued at lixteen pence, on the bor- der. OsCA, the furrounding water confines. Ofiiorn, on the furrounding water fide or fea fon. Ofgodby, the fea confines part or habitation. Oflan, the fea bank. OfToiy, Ire. the furrounding water lower border. Ofia:i or Ofliones, Corn, the furrounding water lov/er, or weflern fide, wefi; being a cor- rupt deviation from cell. Oflidamnii, Corn, on the weflern furrounding part. Ofwald fireet, the furrounding water place fide ftreet. Ofweflre, Salop, the wefl:ern furrounding water or border town. Ofwy, the furrounding fpring water fide, haven, or houfe. Hence Oicitant, opening the mouth or fur- rounding part; Ollenfive, Ibewing the lurrounding parts; Odler, on ihe furrounding water place fide, fhuts, or houfe; Ofi:rich, on the furrounding water part fide confines. (Jti-.i. ANDS, Sur;y, the furrt-unding water fide bank or land. Othona or Ithancefter, Kii". on the furrounding water fide. Otford or Otanford, Kent, the furrounding water fide way or ford. Otiey, Yorkf. the furrounding water fide place. Otmore, Oxon. the furrounding water fide moore. Otladini or Meat.ilv, a part inclofedor fhut in the wifcr H( iice Pace, the lowjr or Iclfer part or foot; Pack, a ihut or incloled part or th.iiig ; Paction, a thing clofed. Padstow, Corn. t!ie part or n.ation at the boundary vrr.icr fide. Padus, Italy, the iitlc fp:ing water part. Hence P.id, the Wdc part ; Padar, the afidc part ; Paddie, the lide put at the water place; l-'addock, a part at the water lidc or con- fines. PvTN'suT, Chef, the pa't on the river fide. Pxo-\cs., of Panonia, the weiiern parts or ends. Hence Pa:an, the wjf- tern long. Paganel or Payncl, Buck*;, the part on the inclofing wa- ter r 136 1 ter place, or a flreet, town, or burrow, which were fituatcd along the border rivers. Pa^je, Greece, incJoling water part. Hence Pagan, Painim, or Heathen, on the furrounding or border water part, the ufual dwelling places of pagans and pa- pods j Page, from his palling along the llrects and pageantry; Pail, the water place thing; Pain, the part in; Paint, the part on the fide or furface; Pair, the water part fides or the limits ; Pagus, a ftreet along the bo; tier river conhncs, as Berkfliire on the river Thames Palatine Counties, on the fide of the water place, Icet, or palace counties. Palladia or Touloufe of Gaul, the border wa- ter place fide. Palantia, in Spain, the water place bank fide. Palus, a marfli or the water place fides. Hence Pale, Palace, Palatinate, Palifade, Palliate, Pall Mall, Palm, and Palf- grave, from their fituation on or along the fide, covering or bor- der water places; Palate, the covering of the mouth; Pale co- lour, the water place colour; Paify, fide place; Paltry, a dry water place. Pamber Forefi, Hants, the furrounding water part foreft. Famlfus, a river of Macedonia, the lower furrounding fpring part. PIcnce Pamper, the paunch or iurrounding part; Pam- phlet, the fugitive furrounding or covered part. Pancr ASH, Midd, a part or bottom ou the lower water fide. Panonia, or Hungary, the Ionian or wcitern end or part. Pant, EiV. Wales, a part or bottom on the water fide. Pan- ton, Paunton, or Ad Pontem, Line, a town on the fpring water part, or a wapontache town. Pan wen, Wales, a part on the incloilng fpring or on the fpring end. Plence Pan, an Inclollng part or a vell'cl ; Panacea, as containing all medicines ; Pancake, Panado, Pane, a part put in ; Panel, on the inclofing water part or country; Panner, a thing inclofing; Pant, a conduii of water, or to pant; Pantile, a tile with a bottom and fides, or a hollow tile; Paiitrv, the inclofing water part fide. Par, ihc water part. Pafliam, Sufr. the vnle water part. Parifii, Yorki". the leficr or lower divifion or riding. Parret, Som. the fide water part. Hence Par, the water part or place ; Paradife, below the water part fide; Parallel, the water part place or fides ; Paramount, the water part mount or bank; Parapet, on the water part fide part; Parcel, the water pa^t confines place; Parcencry, togctiicr on tiie inclofing water part; Parch, the upper pait ; Pardon, on the water part fide, or admitted therein from banilhmcnt; P;irt, the part upon, or the upper part; Parent, thepaitor head onthehoufe; Pariili, the lellcr pari, or diflricl ; Park, an inclofed part ; Parley and J Parliament, Parliament, the tallcing part or iioufe; Par'cti', tlie pa t oti the floor; Part, Partition, and Party, fide or divifiun pan of a country; Parlon, on the pariili ; Purfunage, the parlbn's con- fines ; Patron, on the {ide or border water patt. Pasha M, Bucks, the vale lower part or end. Pafnclcy or Paifley, Scot, the lower or lefTer v.'ater place. Pafielew, Salop, the lower fpring water place. Pafton> No-f.on the lower border pait or town. Hence Pafs, the leiTer pa t ; Pafiage and Pafhon, a being ftraiccned; PaiTive, the lower pa.t; PaituiC, thclower part fideor couiu y. ^'ATERN, S-Walcs, on the water part fide. Patefliul, N-iiam. the part below the water place fide. Patrington or PrKtorium, Yorkf. a town on the inclofing or frontier v.'ater part. Hence Pat, the part at ; Patch, the covering part; Pa- tent, on the inclofing part; Path, the fide part, which were at fufl along the water fide ; Patient or Pafient on the lower part; Patriarch, the chief over a country or family; Patri- mony, the father's part or limits; Patiiot, at or on the country part; Patro!, the path roll or rounds ; Pat'on the country part one; Pattern, aichetype or fpecimen, the inclofed or fide wa- ter parts, which were the firll patterns of things, and of which letters are types or reprefentations. Paui.ton, Corn, the lp:ing water place town. Pavcley, Wilts, the fpring water place pa t. Paunton, Line, a town on tfie fpring water part. Pawlet, the fping water place fide. Pawton, Coin, the fpring na-t town. Paynfwic, Gloc. the part on the Inclofing fpiina, iido, ibect, or the VViccian flreets or cities. PL.nce Pave aud I'aufe, the low pa-.t; Paw, the fpring part; Pawn, iu the f^jring part or hand; Pay, the part or fhare. Peakirk, N liam. the inclofing water part border or tneeting. Peake or Pike, Der. the hi h (ait. Peas, Kent, Suff. the lower part. Peasfalong, on the low water vale. Hence Peace and Peas, or a low pa tor thing; Peak, th.c iiiidi (art; Pear, a watery thinj^f ; Pcalunt, the lower pat in the houx' or pofleiuoDS; Peat, the water pait fide, or at the water or wet p?,rt. Pebidiog or Pchidiog, S-Walcs, and Peibl'^s, Scot, the ebbinG: or flov/ing water pa.t, or along the fea fide. Hence Pebble, on the ebbing water place part. Peche, the incloilng water pa't. Pecher.court, Prance, on the inclofing Avater pait fide, border, or court. Hence Peccant on tlie inclofing water part lule; Peck ^nui i'eclo;al, a (hut part or veflel; Peculiar, on the inclofing fpring water T place: [ '38 ] plac^-, Peculator, from the inclofing fp i.ng water place Tulc or country. Pedered or Pedred, Som. the fide or lov.-cr fpring wster pait. i^edde;ton, the fide or lower Tp ing water part town. Fed wa dill. Line. ht:Iov/ the faring water lide pait. Pechun, Italy, on the fpring fide part. Hence Ped.]gi)guc, Pedant, and Pcddl.i:, the lower or under pa'tuKMi; i-cdtJ'tvd, the foot or Jov.'cr p-.Mt or fiad ; Pecii^^rrce, tt'C lower race ['a' t; Peel, the uppe; phiCCi Pec;, the water part; i-'"'^"}^-, the incloiing water part. Pernor Prll, Con. the water pj/^cc o-- fartlvjff: pa-t. Pel- hani, He.'ts, the water place or ia 'dielt vale, as water places were the hniits or houiularies cf cci^ntries. Pella and Pelade- n;a, G'eece, tlie warcr plae*" or faah-il corirnes. licTicc Pel- licle, the inclofing p'aec ; 1 ei!a.et, fliut up ; l^'entluiidc or i'*entice, penury ; Pen- tagrn, f.vc angles. i-i.(;Pi.K.-- MA-M, Ken!", the ''pri:-g v.-ater pbcr !"idc or country va^c. iiLiiee People, e\ .-ry eountry place or p"opie. 4 Perclei'idge, I 139 ] Percebridgf, Dur. tht; inclohng water part bridge- Percy, N-hum. the water p;'.rt confuics or cliieltain. Pcnth, Cuiiib. the water part ude or lord. Perot, the water part fide. Perflrore, Wore, the water part lower iide or (Lore. PerGa, the water part fides or diviiioiu Perth, Seot. die water part inle or a giove. I eryn, Corn, on or in tl:e water part- Menee Peradvcnture, Perhaps, and Perchance, the hic;h inclonng water part ; Peran-:bulation, at the iide of the lurroumiini water part J Perch, the inc!orin[i- water or a fnut or Ihelter part or a poiC o: (ixteen i'eet and an h,;df in length of which forty iu length and four in brcaiith livade an acre or the border diviiion. Percurr.on, fpringinfj; tiie part ; PerdiLioji, on the water part Cidt; Peregrine, by tlie ir.ciofin:/, w:uer ])ai t bc»iders ; Perlecl, the water pait efi'ecled ; I'erlorate and Perforce, to the water part border or iide ; Perform, the furrounding part •, Perfume, the furrounding inning part ; Peril, on the watei part ; Period, the circle or funounding part or w,Kcr p;irt ; Peiiih, below the water part J Perjury, trom t!ic oaili pa.t; Periwig, the covering part ; Permit, the lurrounding w.iter prn't ; Perpetual, a part always on the ipring ; Peny, the water part ; Pe.ievere, the divided or Pvered water pa;:; Pcihit, ihindiig at the water part fide ; Perfon, on the water part fi^lc; Perfuade, at the fpring water part ; Pert and Prig, at the iide or mouth part j Perufe, at: the fidQ or below th.e fpring water part ; Pert, the part below the fide ; Perdings, the tiiKiiing holders, or the dregs ol the pco;re, whole fartlnn-,:; b.c^iding was allotted him as a payment ior tlieir laboar, on the ine.ouiig water part. PtTERHURRow, N-hamp, the water p.irt bu! row. Petroc, Corn. Wales, the furrounding water or fea part. Peluaria, Parifiorum, Huldby or Beverley, Yorkf. the fpring w;iter parts, tlivilious or dillricl.s of the Parilii. l^etworth, Sull". the fide fpring water or (.lv.'ellir;g jrart. llcn::e I'et, Pettifn, Petu- lant and Petition, the han.d, foot or part at or to ; Petit and Petty, the fule or diviiion part, which is in-all. pEVExsrv, SuiT the fpring put on the fea or a haven* Fever, Chief, th.e fpring })ail. Peyton, 8uiF. the town part. Mence lY'w, the fpiin_c pare inclofurc, or an abode by the fpriiig part where the firll pews were let up. Piii.Li-. M-ge-modona, he. 'die h;gh I'ui rounding mountam parts. Pheliius, a mountain of Attica, tlie hii:h part. HciKe PhariUucal arid I'haro-, Irom their Idgh a'pncaraiiLC. PjCivtoRi), Salop, the upper or higii pa.rt or peak ford or way. Pickering, "i Orkf. the peake or high confines part. P:ckworth, Pine, the ujiper fide fpring water part or dwelling place. PiCtiaud, Picbvia, Plicii or Caliedoa:a, Scotland, the 1' 2 upper, [ MO ] tipper, hi^h or hill iiulofing fpring part fide, bnds or py. Pitana, Greece, the part beiow, at the liue o; on the coait. Pithiuni, Greece, the upper iuie part. IJence Pit, a hole ; Pitch, in a fecoiiclary fenle, from the bitumen of pitch ; Pith, Pittance, and Pity, the iniali pa.'t ; Pivot, tlie pin ol a round or turnng thing Pl AlsY, Eff. the nde or lower water place, it hein'r Htuated on the river Chclmer, which dilcharges itlelt into Idumanuin or black water, and leems to be the boundary bet'.vixt the Trmo- bantes and Ifeeni, who made tlieir mi, ration out ot Kent along the lea coafh of i'-lll'jx ; and perhaps in a fccrjudary fenle, a pleafant ph;ce, but pleaiantnc'.s i^ not ex})rel!!b!e b) the primarv meaning ot nariies any mo'C than taftes, founds and other qualities. Pianuiia, Caul, tlie lower or fide water place. Placetuia, Italy and S ain, on the inclollivj; water pi.ice fuie, Plini, Devon, the rim or boundary water p'ace. Phn^outh and Plimton, Devon, ^the Plini niouiii and town. Pliinlinion or i^inilimon, N-'vVales, the boundary or live fieod n::;untain. Plumpton, Lane, the fpri:"i2; boicler part town. Kcnce Place, the fide w atcr pl.;ce ; Plain, on tl^' water place ; Pla iter, a th:ng on a lower part ; Plait, a part at the Ikle ; P. an, on the water place ; Plant and Plantation, on the v,-.iter p'ace fide ; Piafh, a hnall w;Uer p'ace ; Plat or Plot, a broad part or a part at the water fide or border and platter ; Play or Pleas, the water place fide where the courts leet and baron were held; Pieafe, at the water p'ace fide ; Pledge and Piiglu, the Wc-ter place etlge or iule or the givmg furety oi fiank pledge ; l^ieiUy, on the water place fide; l^levin, the boundary plea ; Plough, a p'ace atling up thing ; Plumage and Plumy, the fpringingup things ; Plump and Plum, fpring round the part; Plunge, fhut in the water place ; Pluvious, fpringing up water part. Po or Padus, Italy, the furrounding fpring water part. Pole or ]\;ole. Corn. Dorfct, Chef". AVales, furrounded water place. Poilac, Scot, a poole, lake or furrounded water place. Pollefworth, War. by the furroundiu:! water place. Poltimerc, Devon, the furroundiiig water place fide or mere. I'olton, Corn, the furroutiding water place town. Pomerv, Devon, the fea furrounding part. Pomona, an liland, in the fea fur- rounded part , Pont or Colbrooke, Bucks, the futroundinof water part fide hrooke. Punteiand or Pontxlii, N-hum. the furrounding water fide bank fide or land. Pontefratl, Yorkf. the broken rivers or border water ])aits. I'orloek, Weced port or Watchet, iSom. the water part key, lock or port. Portland, Dorle^-the furrounding water part bank fide or country. Port- molloch, [ H^ ] moUocli, Scftt. the great lock or lock part. Poulcford, Chef. the furroumling water place lord or way. Port, the furrouud- ing water pait fuie. Poitgrevc or Pcrirevc, the furroundiiif Avater part fide or port warden. Portfey, ] lant?, the rurrouiui- ing water part iidc, or port illand. Potlholn-.e, Hur,t. the fur- roundiu}:; water part fuie iuand Portlkeweth, S-"S\'ales, the furrounding water part fide or port at the IciTtr fpring water fuie. Portllade, SulF. the furrouriding water part fide or port country. Portus Adurni c:r KdL-riutiton, Sull". on the water part port or watering port or the inciofing water part town. Portfmouth, tlants, the port or iurrouiKling water part fide mouth. Portus Pvutulen'.;.. or Kutupi.e, litnc, the n\er lide bank or ford part port or lurroiuuhng water part fide. Portus Lemanis, Kenc, the lower wacer place part, haven or port. Potheridge, Devon, the iurroi:-.:ic:i:,g uatcr fide edge, ridge or promontory. lYntei fleet, Yorki". the furrounding £ooJ water part. I'otton, iiedf. the lui rounding v/ater part fide town. Pouderham Caftle, Devon, the furrounding water part vale cafle. 'Pouderbach Caftle, iSalop, tlie fmali or brook fur - rounding water part cafl:!e Hence Poach, Pock, Pocket, Po- culent, Poke and Poker, the furrounding part or water part, a£l';on or iliut ; Pod, furrounding the part or fuie ; Poem, on the furrounding parts; Poignant, Point, Poifon and Po fe, on the furrounding part fide or edge; and thence the point or edge of a weapon ; Pole, the furrounding water place part ; Police, Policy, Polifh, Polite and Polity, the furrounding water place fide leet or palace ; Poll, the ficad or high furrounding water place ; Pollute, ufing the furrounding water place; Polyglot and Polygon, on the funouniiing water place or many tongues and angles ; Pommel, a hand, the foot or other part on the furrounding water place ; Pomp, on the lurrour.d- ing part ; Pond, n water part incloicd on th.e fide ; i^onder and Ponderous, inclofed or Ihut parts ; Pontage, going over a border riVer or bridge ; Pont.lTand Pontop, on tlie furrounding water top or a floating briiUe or terry boat ; Pool, an inclofctl water place; F'oop and Pop, the hind part ; Pcpc, a general bifhop or fatlicr ; Populace, every country or people ; Porch, the fore inciofure ; Pork, the qudl or briflle furrounding or fat pa-t y Pore, on the furrounding water part and port and ii^ derivatives ; Portion, on the furroundiu'/ water part fide ; Voic, the furrounding water part fide or the head low or do^AU ; P'oi- icuy the furrounding or iiiclofed fuie pavt ; Pofl, the furround- ing part or border lower fide, niter or beiiir.d; Pot. a fide lur- rounding water part ; Potent, and its other derivations, on the fide furrounding watci- part ; Pouehj an incloicd or fluit part j Poultry, C '43 1 Poulty, on the inclofing Spring or fowl tribe ; Pounce, a fur- rounding part inclofecl; Poundage, the inclofing water part or poundeilge or pontage, the furrounding water part; Pout, the part out ; Powder and Power, the furrounding fpring part. Presidium or Warwick, War. Corfica, the border water part Hde Itation, garrifon, out guard, prx-tentune or water part below at the fide cf the country. Prietoriuni or Partrington, Yorkf. Scot. Italy, the inclofing winter part or border town. Prx'torium Metobilga, Spain, the fea water part confines pr3e- torium. Przefutagus, king of ihc Ifccni and iionduica's huf- band, the lower border fpring water part coaft chieftain or guardian of the firfl or loweft river bordjrs Pregacr, Corn. on the inclofing water part. Prendergaft or Clan JNloris, lie, on the inclofing water part fide or fea coaft. Prenvcl or Bren- %va]I, .S- Wales, the high or hill inclcfing water place or vale. Pre^lu't, Wiks, the inclofing or ihut water part. Prcftan or Preftean, S-Wales, on the lower inc'ofng water part fide, ftation or pra-fuliuni. Hreftholm. N-Wales, tlie lower water part fide illand. Prcnon, I.anc. Scot. tfiC lower water part fide or (lition town or a prxfidinm. Prinkueith, Gloc. on the hill inclofing water fide Prittlcel, Efl". the water part at tiie fpring place or the priors dwelling trom their fituation therecHi. Procolitia, Protolitia or Pruiiliow, N-hum. the lirft inclofing water phK-e or river fide ftation. Proni-hill, Kent, the furrounding wat-er part bank or hill. Pryfetes Flodan, Suff. the fpriitg w.;tcr part on the flood iv.irt. Hence PracTlice, the fpring water p u-t lower fide aclion ( r a river at the fea fide; Pj-.eeipe, the iiiclofing water confines part or keep; Praife, a thing nn the wiiicr iid.c or found ; Prank, on the water part confines ; Prate and i'rattle, a thing at the water fid.e or place ; PiiMlty, the ''ring v/iiier part I'ulc or property; Pray, a p;irt fprin.'inj; r.'" var;!s ; P; raeli, a praying at^ion ; Prehend, the fpring rti;l c- upp::r ide part ; Pr^'cede, the fore fide; Precept, the k::(,ing iviri; ; .'rcciact, the inclofing water part Cvlc ; Pri -l-^ic;, the p.Mt above the low pjtt and its deri- vatives-, Prccif', over nrifed ; Prcdciti-ic, before the part or fide, that i; in ; |-'rc;-v.-(% t':ic fi l or ture fide part: Prefecl, the firft on the v.-atcr part f.de , i'rtfer, by th" water part; Pregnant, on tile inclofing ij"r';::g v/atvr part confines ; Prelate, the w^ater part place '.]■.] -, Prdiininarv, on the water part limite or edge ; Prelude, be.' -re the hi;-.h fpring flood fidt ; Premature, before its fpringing to t! e fide or cxiitcnce ; Premier, the middle or divifi:)!! water ])ait man and its derivatives; PreTltice, the lower or water part fide or in the houfe ; Preparation, the fore part at tiie iide ; Prepufition, putting before ; Prerogative, the water [ H4 3 water nde bordfr or cl;c:e partpropcty; Pi cfigc, fore faying- an action ; Prefbyter, a piicll:, or by the water part fide one ; Pr^j'criptioii, on the water part border fide or eountry ; Prcfent, fent beiore ; Prefcive, to kc.p ; J^refide, the water part fide or gar lion; Pref^, lowering or ielTening the water part; PrjtCxTce, the p -rt below the ficie ur (igat ; Pre:');-, the water part bord.er man, a judge or ru'cr , Pretty, at the water part ficie ; Prevail, the fpiing water pnrt flowiiij, ; Prevarierite, Ihutting the fpring water pair ; J'revent, the iide on the fpring water part ; Prey, en the water part fide ; Price or Prize, the water part fide, where lhi;igs we e appraife.I and fold ; Piide, the firll divifiori oi- property ; Pride-gavel or Lamprid, tlie furrounding water part fuie or holding ; Pii)ii, I'rime and Primate, the firlT: or water part rim or bor<}er, and its derivatives ; Prince, on the inclofing water chieftain, with its dc;ivative^; Print, a thing on the fide; Prior, the circ'e water i.a:t ; Prifm, the f;de furrounding nre part or fun below ; Prifun, on the iide part ; P.irhee, pray iliee ; Private, privy at, or at the fpring water pai t and their deri\atiuins ; Probe, Probate and Proof, the fur- rounding water ; art and their various derivati\es ; Procefs and Proclaim, on the inclohng water fide; Proclor and Procurer, the inclofing ipiing water pa t or (ieputv aclor ; Pfodipal, the furroundiiig vvacer purt of the Gaulifn or alley fule ; Prodition or treaion, on the turrounding fpiiirj Avater lower fide ; Pro- fane, the pai t in the iurrounding water part ; Prolci?, the p;;rt at the liile c; the jv;: rounding water pat, wiiieh mult be thrcugli every part of the country; Profit, the fde iurround- ing water part ; Prof igate, flying the furrounding water part gate -, Profund, the Iide or country inclofmg fpring v» atcr pa'-t ; JProfufe, the ineiof ng fpiin Propofe or rropcfiie, felting the furrounding w atcr [ H5 ] '.rater part uitch ; Propt, the fur.oiiJuJr.ig water rlrxc i\.\c up » Protcribe, below the I'urroujidin^; v.-ater lor'.ier rnrt ; i''jate» the fur.'ouuding water part, udc, as vcrfe ii the ipii;::; v/nte" fide ; i'roi'jcuLC, dividh)g th.e lurrcuiidinv^ f iirij^ w-lCV pail, a5 fue or iilue is f\r;n;Tin-v iroiii bclov, ; Prcl;-cd.t, the f^.ie wate^ f art be'o V ihe luriounding \v:U-,-r p.i t; Profjer, by the iw:'' roav.o.lnr water r:irt nde ; I'roiliu'te, ihe Am :ei:i;diu^ \satef' pait hde at c[:e :i:ie or towa;;!'; Prc-od, cevcrh-.: ilic l\:r.cund" ini; water j-art , Proteri, the iiin'cun.iii'i^ wiier jntt uht ; Pro- thonntarv, the iurro .ndiiiq water ; a tor isrli: no*;ary or r'';^jl:er; Protracl, the Ihr oiuKhr;^ water pait ; ahao^^- ; Proud, tl^e iwv- rotiiidiiig water (art ip: ini^in^i; or fir wing; pe't; iVo-.;de, the furroundi:;;^ water pat duelling part 5 Pi-ny'inrc. on ine iur- rouiidi.ig water part iide or ed,;e ; iiOvohe, :he ler;ouridin;^ water part niockj Provoft, the funot::! iing watar pa:t nic It or ciiicitain ; Prexv, ior t^.e chief; Prude and ih'udent, iro:n riule ; PiUne, i:oni fpringing : Prurient, a tiiiiig hai::g uii the fpiiii^ or itehin:; PuCKhRiDGE cr Puekeric]}; ITert-^ the fi'''h:g water iipper or lord part. Puckleehtirch, Glee, the Ipiltjj v.-?t<:r y.uXi p'ace cha'ch. Pudeierd, Devon, the i. rhig lide uay or Jord. ri:d;^y. K-hu;n. the iprin-!; [art at the lea Peleiii. Ottcn. the ipriu'T part bank. Pulion, Vniti,, a town onthef, :inj; [art- Purbec!;, Oorlet, the fpriiig vra.ter part b 00k e. Put herd or Pyiiiord, Surrv, ti;e Ipriua, water i.a',rt -way or fordl on th.e river \Vey hue. Puihy, Beik^^ the ip in,_r [airt hde. r-j.-lndl, Oxon, iJuia tha 1, ring j a^t hde had. Puteoh, Paly, the hning part at the wuier [dae^ or ica ihlc. Putriav, Su ry, on the i':dc Ipring part. 1 h-nce ihd:.erty, behde tiie iprinj part. PubeP- cent, ti.e 6' ^ " ' ne uaan; rv in- clofing fprmg plae:; ; PutuPr, the ^prieL; lide part ; Pudding, the ineiahng water tide ipiin : pari ; 1 edd e. a water [lace at the ipnng part: i'lni", tl;e if' nig part eii', Puny, on the Ipring part ; ."unhh, on the fpring rlvte ; 1 enk, en the ineiofin / Ipring w-aier part eLnhites ; I'un, en tlie i. :iu.: j:a:t ; Pup, Ipririg up; Puupet, a Iprin. in,'- Uj) Piing 3 Purerafe, tlielpiini water pa;t ineh)lere ; Pure, on the Ipiing p.n t ; Purge, tlie ipring water part cdgj cr aelijn ; i'uile, thej f,jring water place ; Purlieu, over tiie fpri::g jdaee ; Purdn, th| fpdiig jeart or covering lines; i'urple, tlie fprlng light part; Purport, the open n^r o£ ?. ditcounie Oi Ipring part ; i'urr, on the fpring part ; Purfe, the ip'. ntg uater part fide •, Purfue, tl'.e ip;ing A\aterpart ilTue ; PurtenaaLO, on the iidc below the ipriiig w r.ter part ; Pus, a thing fpriaging from below ; PuHi, Puh , ;^uflule r.nd Put, the Iprtiig part at or to, -as to th.e lea or anv ctlicr hicloicd water U ' pkc'.'. r 146 ] p'ace, either nnimil o^ merely earthen ; Putative, Putty and Puzz'-, tli.^ frin ' pa^t !o ■' ; Pvrc, the fprir.-" water or fire purt, or ;:i a ieeon^/ary icu''c, a l(i;n; part ; Py amid, the boun- dary pvr':r, cr rl-, j nai-ne o; fjie tc ininarir,'? in ^i i tint , hiero- g'yp!-,icaiiy'.icr;'/"r>,' ihc i-.r.its cf a iungilcm, and regilterini; its an-iquitie-, a.-, wc i as fervinz tor cemeteries vi the prieds And i?;inc;> of die tV n, ?:ul dcn':^ir!na!ed hieroglv diics from the fecret oc i:,i :.:<:■ 'luplu es th^Tccn ; but thole en the Ihitiflj coiunms ami r" 1 ,; -, v/'j;c p G;:>ab!y eraftd by tl'e T-omans or effaced bv ti'-,i.. ; ror t!;e Di utdi;, as .:■(][ as u\l ether Pythcigo- rean,. leem br di.ir lan^iia /C ami doi?i:;;ncs t d h.;vc been once podcfled of the niylb'ri.s of U:e i<;cred cliaraciers, as appears by thcfe r.'- Apis and trie i:p;'pt:ia;i pv andd;;, the Paphian Venus, Bal i^'eor oi [-'rij-pus cf the Canr.nites, ilie Jaggcrnaut Black (lone cr goci I'rama of the Genteob, and the \'enus U- rania ot' the i'crhans. PtAEV, Dur. an habitation on the v/atcr cr river pastor the abbv. Piabble, the country place or race. Ptabe, Hun>;aiy, the river part. Fiabliet, the p; ound rprinjing part. P(.ACLivE or P\.icip.ia, an iiiand of 8cot. fart in, the in- clcfing water place cr rar;onnded by water, blenee Raee, as proceeding from, if",ti;n_^ o: flo-A'Tng like the fpring v. ater .art ; Rack, the water part fiiut ; Kackrent. the water pa:: Ihut or border rent; R d--e, the !?gtherin? part. R-i.DiiURN'F, iJe: on the fpring water or brooke fide part or coiintry. P.adeh-t, ialop, the clifF fide part or country. lladanild, the middle or boundary fide part or countrt. P^ad- nor, S-Wales, on the border fjde part or country. Pvadwinter, E;T t!'e country at tlie bring lidn;^ j.art. tleiice Radiant, on the wa-er part hde. or in the ether !an:j.i:age, tl^io fire liiviiion or (la^tieles on the low^^r parts , R:;diih and ju-dl^, the lower ■{ide or i:rou;ul part ; Rait, the re; e or water [^a:t lie. PtAGL Av or Kardand, S-Vvhde,'-', the water part bank, bank. fide or land. Ivage, ISott. the inelo'ing water part. Hence Rag and P.a.:et, tiie divided parts or a firey or hot aclion ; ria.,out, an iiot geOo. PvAiN, Ed", ti"!-- iinaonndin'- v.-ater part or n coi'ntry on the water part. Rahtdir CJ u v, S-\V:dc.', the Wye or Ipring iiigh or roa! in 'i water rart. i--ak~gh or Raiei-h, Corn. Devon, the ip.ciofing water p'ace. }. ictiee Rail, the divilion or inclofetl p'ace ; ilaiinent, liie eo-.eiti' part; Pain, the inclofin^i or high \«.rer pa:t ; Paiht, t'l.; water part from below ; Ptaiiy and iUhciV, en the water place, Ram&bury, [ H7 1 Ramsbury, Wilt5, ihc fun ounding w-tcr part fiJc burrow, Ramfden, Oxon, on the fu- ouncliu.!. vv-.iter pirt fide or vale. Jlamfcy, Hunt. iScot. S-Av'^alcs, the riinounding v a^cr or lea pa.t. Ramfgate, Kent, tiic fu.iounding ica j a t gitq. I'vainf- gravc, the furroundin^ wd-xr pa t warden. ii<.i:icc K.un, the covering part; Rambic, the fui rounv'ir.^^ AvacL*r [:-dn jJace ; Ramme , the furroundinL^ uater pat larr. j llaiiiii]!- Rarxip and Rani/antj the iur'cup.aiiig orcoveiuT pa t. Randals Ti-enc'lies, Scot, th.^ i"ic!,->r;og waler pa t vale trench.es. R-ar-dava a or Ranfrew, S>.oi. the in^lcfir:;^ water pa't or ancient ncl W.iou hood. M.\:cc llan, t;;e inclonr.g water rarti^ ; Ranc'u, Rancid, Rank, •.V.:n 1" and Ran.tonr, {.lie it^c'orin: water pa't hde or bo V.c ; Kand, t\:c incjofin-.' water part fr.lc ; Ran;;:, the inclofn : v.\uc: •Uit C'.p.finec ; ilanforne, tiie iiicionn'i; w.^rcr pa.t oi conHneiit Uuri ; Rant, conbrernent pa; tor ;':o e ty ; Rale, the part over the lowe. ; Ra.l:d. tlie feriiaie eu'L Rat^, Piagce or RcJiby, Leie. ilie water part ccafi:, con- fines or habi ation. Ratiicornire, J re. the Vvater rart (idc vale. Rathdown, {;e. the water pa't fide dow,-, plubi v low part. Rat-ev, Radiey or Ivoiclci, Wa'. the water pa.t bcie i lace or palace. Ratodibius, S-\Vales, the w-uer p t bo dc or i'o'ds below tire ' ei\i fide. Ra'a, ^cC^.t. ihe [:dc o>- couK^■y v/aler part. FL^nee Kat, Rate and Rathe", tlie wa.ter fide pai l j R^•^ t:o and Rational, accountable, and Rattle, i:s a,,'pe: taining to the fide water ra ts, Ravhnc. LAS, Curnb. llic river ndc place, cr in a feccinc'ary {c\^(c, the ii\^r fide g een part Ra^cnfijirn, Kent, ihe i iver fide brooke. Ravvntere, 'i crk. c^n the liver fide. Raviaifwath, Yorkf. the ri\er fic'.e water. Radius, .Scut. the fitle farin^r v^ate.' j>art. Rannfcn. L-ic. a 'own or, the fpiing warcr pait. Rawdon, Yorkf. en the ip;iitK v a'e; f:;rc o: town. Rawdikcs, the fpiing watei dike?. Raylajn', (Jdoc. lliC i /ring water pait bank fide or high land, ib.atce Ravaj;e, ti/c J', ring edge or flowing; a aitd Raviih. f; ri'.'^dn.!; the fe- ntale or the iemale 1. .;;:;,: 3 it.. ■a, i n i!!,:; fp; int; o; j'dcy 'aitf Ray, a fire ;;art 's pa.ticle : Razor and Razuic, tl;c u_ purpart iforn the lo^cr. Rf.a, Rihea, Riiy or Rian, Rerkf. Yoikf N-luun. Vv''a;es, Ire. the water or flowing wate; pa^t or or.e. lUad ni:, Rcrks, on the inclofuij water i arr o; river fide. R Cailtqi:i:e, N limn. tlie ri\er i.de holders. Rcatati, the water vane. Hence Rcaclt, the ;iver co:.'-nes ; Ra;;d, ihc :ivcr or fiov.dn^ divifions cr rartti j Ready, at the ii'.er fide ; Rt^l, on the iivcror vrater U 2 place. [ ';8 1 p'acc or a coiin'it; Fe.i'rri, [\.^, Murour.r.'i"!^ river or w^ter ^^]-\zc ; ]'.r\.v. c;u t,;e ■iv:.r o; Cowing or ir i--;- wato' ; RC'^ic.n, a reckon::^, C;; cu tl,c ri' :;;• fide, v. beic ;.:,illcrs or accounts 3iul : fiV':ii:!):cTit.'] V' -'::; cli- n,'- \vcickc;t. .'O at th^' courts leet aii'l l.;r"n ; Ivc, ;''■; ; i.!;:i>' vjter ; ^rc. Il'^noe Receive, i'^e- cenr, ]'cc:l, I cc,:c;i. Rcc;i;:C, RccluiV- [!ec'rd, Rectify snd Feci; r, iis c ;!.;;:: cs ;:::(! p-crcrties ri; ;-c;;::i'"i!:c tn ;he hotriLa'y ri\ei or \\'?Ac- ; ?)'", ■\\hiLl! have been ^Rc ,v' v rxrRired. R <:i^ 'iiiK X. Met-, Ui? vi'tc p?rt cr ; ivcr i' He Tif^i'^hrnoiirhccd. Hp:'S:'R.e; H:-'n'^, ti.e ;iver iRle brnh e J ' ^ ;'c'=:,;:k, Rx! the river •"■;c incRr;;re. Rcdehnn-, Nori'. the \>:;rc'r| nr: cr ii\\:r iiae Vah:, h?;;;e or cweiiin-.^ p. nee. Redhivad, hicj't. tre .;ver or \yr:irr p-:*; f,-_\ - hcA.l Of proiTx:'' Lorv. Re-Iweii, '■ fi". the \\arer parr ^>ie fpriiv-or dn-rhing p::-re, R^:chv;::vr. Y(;rkr. the river t!t ihe R-,1 ]\\vi. Kcd[l^?:^]:A cr D.ure\;(i;n, Scot. t!:e river, ^^^ter ra; t or ;"p,R; T ii-e vale r,r on the rive;- rC.c cr ve'e hohics. Heae^ Re,i, or ratii^r. Roni ii-cd, the fire p;irt; Red;iiricn, en il'e water p^irc iuie cr th:; rciern ci ihc Cioc ; Reci(dent, nt the ip^R'ig or r:\Tr :iv!e h:t:R; or vtde j V.cCucc, Rlitn the the rjTriiig water part : Reciimc'ant, tlie flowini: at the fpring Avater i;;ie ; Reeo, the river fide ; Reeve, the river part wzv- cen ; IxiRne, in the river part: RtalccR the fiowing water !Riee_ iide ; Ref ucnt^^ a^ hoe/ir- baeh of ti.e \; at^r , Rcfreio, the ri\er p^rt :aae ; R^fupe, tae iprin^; vater p,.rt con'OiC': ; Refuie, he;o;s" or ahde the :p-i;:^ water ia:t; Rclute, v.it}iout thcRvia-rait cr trutiu R.cr:!,']R:::ea!n, Rhe^jnorn, Rc-ioieoa, Rhh- or Rhing, Puri"-, Gerre.av ■;, Ii\dct!!n, Reaiy and \'> a C;, tk,e in loilng di.i::;e; '■■r R.;iiuh;rv ;.ater confines oi' on tiie Hnne. E.(;in- fa.-, S,-,:. •:;eJneief•,-^van:r part neiphhonrhoed. Rehi- i ;a'.T, tR: ina:(-;i:;;7 A'-aer; ; ar: warden. Ran r re^.ain, wdthin ;';.'.ii \o\.'^ \Vrf"cr pa t; iR\;.d, on the in. i..f!:;e v. a:cr con- f;:;:., ;.r a hn:e :..)e-i 5 '^'.-r-^S, t!ie Avatcr part guard ; Rc'cncy, r-- ent, reeine :t aini rapni>:, '.' ; Rtjoin. the rain water rftrunui:': to tbeir foiir^er l.ody \ i cjoKc, tiiC fun's light or iire below 5 Re r^ple, bclov !r;e ipiiti^T wjiter pl-uc ; J'claie, en ihc V. ater part nde ; R;^!e::ic -md Pciii;quilli, be'ow the in- ciofmu ivutcr pa t pia.e o bank; Rclitk,--, tbiC fiC'..-in_.r water part confines, va he c thirp'S r.rc Ictt ait tix ebb ; Relieve, the fiocd water part; Rebib, the llood water part fule ; Re'ijiion, on the flood .^ater . b'ice refines, the uiual places ot relii^ious worfliip ; Rely. 0:1 t!-,c v, ?.tcr I'lavt. Rfv.ny Oi" Rer-,!jey, ^-uJcx^ c;« tb.e furrounding water pnrt. Tlemi or KcinjS, 01 bei^ic G<-;ul, ihc hnTouiidiiig water part, blence Keniuin and Rer'nidris, on the Ibrroinndng water part, o rhe reliek-- ot the lea ; Reiiiarb, the water part rn.irk ; Kcnae.iy, the n:cde or ndddle water part ; Rcniote, the fin j;.,'., ,...,^a. ,^.,.-- r. I.. i.'„.v-,v„., th,. •T,,,-^^,, ,.,,!."„., <;.,.;.,,. ,„.,*, pa.rt fide, blcire Rcnard, on the ^vatcr p:u"t fide guve-nor, or a it:-: in a fer-ondary icvXc as pof- feihni: the properties or qualities oi a [;evei;;or, and aifo the \irtucs of too ir.aiiy of t'lem accord nr: to ti\e old Rngiina ndageoi Icttin;:^ tb.e fox to ':ecp d.e ^eeic ; Rcncnnter, on the jnclofinti water part to.iether: h'cnt'er the ined'iint; '.vater part ■"vldeh divides tl:e ecve.titry ; Rendition, the infde of the inelo- llng water part 5 Re.v;gade, loavi.'-.g tlie in:.!obr;g water ;.artf Renew, the water part in a f ri::;,; ■■ Keiiitet, tb,e " ater part in the inf.de ; Rent, the inch I'lng water part tii; ifion or portion. IlF.pFNDt; Nui/i or Reptoii. Dor. a town on the fprinf water part fide or end. blcppon in b'ur.Krania, the watei pa;t end. Rcogli, or "V/exfcrd, Ire. t'o.e v. ate: part eoidines or the fpring fide way or ford. Hence Repair, 'n.c fpiina water j-art pair or fidci ; Repaft, the water parr pa;s or S^-A't pa't ; Repay, the water part part; Rjcpeal and Re, el, drive back tl^.e water part; Repeat, the water part at ; I>epent, the v.-ater part Q\\, Ha'^t'? dij i'lCi. .••!.'■; w.iicr fide or divifion wood. Rin.;rom, I;-.'. bj;wee:i i'\:. v^■■ -;-:n'';ng water. Rin- rjy, AV:u;", the i;u-i ::!-:;i' or d:"':.;! v....<;r or;: t. Hence K ::id :>n : Rni^, tii^ i.K'lohn? iv-it; i\i:''\ o-l the river fide j Ri^)': ,- divifion of the furrui:.:rdn:v v : fide. ivii'i. V, S-; iV, '..■',;[. np t.-: j d. , 1; ;n v: : ;r »:' river place. Ki;-;:^:!, Yo. ' ;'• n a t'^e c;;\:!:on wr'ter p r'. tience Rip, z di .:.'v_-i -:-.:*: J Hij ^^ a ;M;t::pi Rip^iej ihe ri-er or wafiiing \v.;;j: ! 1- :^ . :■. r^Fi,;' i', l"^0"b. Yotk. T;: fo^ving water phc- I^^in? or river fi ij '" i:s ri.:n .; :^ .n!:. kilei.; •, L'^eri, oj the inel.fi.i • :)'•.:; ildc. ]'l;. : .d'.ai.a ar. d:v.::ri;d';, '.v'-mo;'. ^^-J ham. a \-ale on the in- c.^ :: r;ver • ^. I\ili:i;;iio. Djd. on the high ri' er confines fi.: . Ifonee /Cif', rifib'c, uKi ■L'TON, \f>;'j. vn tl^e (i'.'.ifen water or river fiJe, or tliC fcr.i or wale f jv'ii',';.;!';. r idi'iMagus, G;iul, the )'..)! rounding va'er iotd.. I"_.!ice Kiic ;iidJ\itual, (;n t'ic river fiec, ufual idaces oi reir.K)';'; ;ind oih::r ceremonies among the Gavdifh druids, who Pirlide:! ov^r the fide rivoi-s, which introduced tlie opin:'j,i (H die nvmplis .i::d the B:;'or,s, p'.ying adoration to the Ipringi .m.'. rive:;'. tlieu;j:i i: id^m; much ino.e probably from on- deiinitrjn oi naiaei, tijat tiic Romans were the firit adorers r 152 1 *dorers thereof and of Britifh rr.erx end ■.vcnen cr rather C0-» lontes, as Miner/a, Hercules and others, ap;ear to hz Phry- gian colonies, but Bornan deities, and tr.c inicrirtions on lloues pioduced ia fupj'orr of this inifLalcen notion, a:e a'i Hor/.aa RoADGATE, Yorkf ihs furroundin . vrater p:ui f:de cr road- gato or way. hler.ce Roach, Road, Roam, Rc-,.i, Rcai, Roa- ry, as propenies ot tlie iur-op.ndin „'; wa-cr or river. RoboGdii, Ire. the furrouriding \Vci::r } 'it h; c or the v. ?.tcr hoi'i. licnce Rob, Robbery, Robe, and Koijurt, as iii..ident to the fuTOundin^' water fi-Ie. RvOCH and Rochdale, L.inc. tlie furroundin^; v ?ter fide or v'de. Rochsfler and Rochiord, Kent, Lff. the furrounding \rarer H le, city, ford, or way. Riockiey, V»''i'ts. the fu round- ing water or ro:k pLice. Hence Rock and Rocky, as nioving like a boat 011 the water and recks, and flones are nioft y at the water fice. Rod AM or Rodan, Salop, N-thunib. the furronn'hng w.itcr fide. Rodin-, Riii the inciehng water ilde and f-erhapo in a fcccnchn-y feme the Ingles lhr;onnding water tide. Rodlei-h or Rovi•.^•ay, near tlie lurioi;iKiing water iide pbce or way. Hence Rod, as ^rowinG: on the river Iide ; I'.ode, as reads were abn:j ti-c ri\er lides ; Rog..ticn, on the iuriounding water gate. Roll-rich -fl:o:ies, Oxon. the furrcundin? water p'aci, countrv, or kingdom roil, round, iirnifj, or re:-,i:te', of whieli the^e weie many, a- thole caiied mcin^u, e\\iivt.i or the nume ary O' ; coder fLon' -, and tnineu, hiii^ n. or the lung bonndary denes in Pcebroiitihire, cry;^ v c^v.ncr the ki:!gdont's irones, and i:)uaiLh Arthnr and nnneu ;:wvr, or Arthur's pinfo'd,or Coring water border fliones in Carnnn then- fldre, hir vaen gwyddog, cr the lci\:>i ipring vatir c?nane3 flone between Carniartiiendiirc ar.d Lar d_;.;nd.n>:, cader itiris or the louver confines Ration .eui- giciev. rlence Roll and Rolbnd, apace o: ccunt y incicled, inrolled, fecmed an.d bounaed. RoMC ami Koman, Italy, or. tlie fm ronn'rhncr wa'^er par*. Komara and Romney, Soni. Sndi on the jurroimdijig water part. Hence, Ro.'ni, i<.onia.:e, and K;.'man<^e. d he Rrnian?. in oi'der to ac^uUom tiie provin; la's to tlii ir re'igion, law', enib Yorkf. Scot. S:i',op, the furrcinulinc: wa^cr fide well, or town. Hence Rot, v\hich is the circct of the furrouiuiing wet; Pvote snd Piotund, a round part. Rouse, the furrounding fpring fide. Pvoucline, Cun-'b. the furrounding fprini fide cliff. Piowte, Ire. the u ter fide. Hence Pt.ound, Ptoufe, Route, Row, kingdom or iur rouncliiig water pa't. PwucHAL, f.ff on til'.- Inclofing water place, and Rudheiilh, Rut. Chef W;des, the ri\cr Rugby, War. the ipri'.ig water cnnfines par: Rougeniont, t\r: fpring v.ater conlJncs n-;our.t or hill. Pudcus, Wales, the ipiiiig v\aler place iide. Rundey and l'uni!'ord, Yorkf. ]LiT th:- lurroviiiding wvAcv jdace, ford, or v/av. Run- corn, Che!, the inclofing liigli Ijirin;: vv,-t ; i-' '.\u da tic ;n. the fi >r;:i;. he fprii i '^ fide id dC t ) R ue iV (a.i ; :hc 1;h i'lg :l;ne'- (.1 i" ( .'ovei iiitr 3 R ui: i. in t he if: i'l;' ;i!' wat- r ] d .ce ; ^ K 1:1 IV. a.n d i ■' uir. .;•, th e in , 'Run, in the In "in I''i ' i'l* :, in I the f rii": ' V'-in;; ■ i^ ai: "fie le j is. all 1 ; :\ad Kelt, th'^ [ '5+ ] (.livifion fpring water part or river. Sabine, Italy, tlie lower end or inclofing part. Hence Sabbath, the lower or reft part divifion ; Sable, the lower or fhut place; Sabulous, the lower or fulc Ipring water place •, f being moltly a derivative ot e, and its moll primitive meaning may appear from the radicals de- ilnecl under that letter ; as for inftance, fide a compound of li dc, the lower divifion or part or the part where the river meets the fea, fceras to derive its ori^^in from tlie Wclfh cid, together or from ci-de, the divifion and incloiir.g water together and the radical of k, as kifs, the river or fpring and the fea meet- ing together. Sacy Forefb, N-ham. tlie lower water confines foreft. Sackville, Si:f!~. France, the lower inciciing water dwelling place. iSacole, Spain, the lower inclofing water place. Hence •Sack, inclofing the lower or the lower inclofing water confines ; 5jacred, the lou-er inclofing water fi(!e, which v.'as deemed facred from its being fecret and the ufual places of wovihip or cells; Sacriledge, robbing facred or fecret places ; Sage, Sake and 8aker, as belonging to the lower water confines •, Saint, on the lower or fea fide or the cell ; Sail, on the fea. Sadurnia, Saturnia or Itnly, on the lower water part. Saturium, Italy, the lov.'cr v\-aLer fide. Hence Sad, the louver p.ut ; Saddle, the lower (_>r l;eiuw the fiJiC place. Saffron', Eilex, on the loA'er or fide water part. Hence Safe, tlielowerur fide part ; SaiTron, Irorn the name of its place cf groo^th. Sai. ENK, Salimr, Salr.edy or Calene, Bedf. the fiile lower or inclofing water banks, cells or groves, as thofe of the Silures, Selwood &c. Saltry or Salfton, Scot. Camb. tlie i\dc or lower place tovv'ii. Salwarp or Saltwood, l^ent. Wore, the lov/ or fait fpring water part, fide or wood. Hence Salacious, the low- er female action ; Salad, at the water place fide ; Sale, the lido or lov/cr water place, where tlie n-iaJ:ets v/ere held i'ny the file of uli fo; ts of cattle, g(;ods, and merchrndi/.es, and the toll or the bfj'.mdary part paid ; Salient and Sallv, tlie fi'.ic or icv.'e; v/ater place; Subnon, in the iurr junding low jr or fea water place; Salt, tlie lower v.'ater pi ee or fea fide or pa.rt ; S..i-.t. , uie itnver fpiring part ; Salute, the lt>v.er fpring i-.dc. Sa ■ARO^RiVA, in Caul, the lower furrounding or mere water part. Samoo and Saniea, Greece, t!;- lower i^l.iiid or fea farroi:nding parts. SamiAum, Italy, oii the lurrounding fea sr 1 .v.-^r water pari. Heiice Same, tiie furroun b;;;^ w.i'.cr ii(L; v,b!-b are the yj.mc ; Samphire, on the fed be: J-rr ]\;rt^ ; '>'• [ ^53 ] Sample, the fame place or the tv, o banks or fides of the fur- roiiiiding water place. Sanbrioc, ia Gaul, on the lower fca water part. S?.;icL;Ie caRle, Yorkf. the lower caftic in tlic vale. .Sandgatc, Kent, on the fca fule gate. Sandon, .Staif. a town on the fide or lower water or fpring. bundiiicad, Scot, a head on the fea fide. Sandwich, Keiit, on tlie fea fulc, {Ircet, lliut, fortifi- cation of city. Sangliar, Scot, a town on the lower water confines, ^;anton, Devon, a tOv^n on the f:a Udc. Hence Sanable, enabling the lower; Saiiclion, Sanctity, and Sand, on the fea fide or banic ; Sandal, i!;-on the lower part ; Sane, the lower np ; Sanhedrim, the holy over or along the rim or borders; Sank, low in the water. Sapco'I' and Saply, Hunt, the lov/er incloang water part fide and the lower place. Saperton, Gloc. the lower or tide water part town. Sapis, Italy, the lower lide water part. Hence Sap, the lower part; Sapient, the iniulc part ; Sapor and Sappy, or jnicey. Saragosa, in Spain, the lower country or water confines. Sarden, Staff, the lower country or v/ater fide, den, or vaic. Sarrilberia, Sarum, Sal fbcry, Sarillnrig, or Sorbiodunum, Wilts. Lane, the lower country or ChK- water place part, abode, burrow, or town. Sam halen, N-Wak'S, on the lower wa- ter part bank, or the paved v/ater bank or canlcv/ay. Sanna- tia, the lower country or iurrouiuling M'ater part iide. Sarnia or Guernfey, in the inclofmg water lower pait or ill 'ud, or the lower water caufeway, or llrects o\ev wliicli probaedv th.e fnit I'ri 'ions palled into this ifland. Saroniife, on t!ie lower inclo- lin.-j or leu water parts, as Drnidie were on tlie ipriiig v ater parts or river fides. L'euce Sarcoticlc, the 'ov/er cc;t or co- vering ; S;i.rk, a lliirt, the lower covering ; Safh, ihutling the lower ov incKjhiig. S ATrhu-LEGiA, Dur. the Icwcr or fca water part confines. Sat cuhiand Satio, Italy, the lower i\dc inclofmg water place. He'ice Sat, the lov/C' fide or part ; ^atan, in the iov/er coafl or the i'jvver hclow, Sjt(. IliI, inelolurj; the lov/er part ; Satellites, t:.-. lowvr or Jefier covering or Iky l!_;lrcs ; Satiate, at the lu\-,-cr or !e;naL l:C.c; b.^.tin, on ti.e lower part ; Satisly, the part be- io'.v the fjiring p.ui; >'atu:ate, at the lower or feiria.ie v.'ater pal, S:>.\'::'-iay, the lower '.sMter part or lea di\i;.';:;; Sa;urii, Oi: i';; lower v;.iLer p.ii t or lea iide ; Satyr, on tlie ipring inie or w: ods. oA'.AK.'-M, Severn, or Havrcn, Sahap, c^;c. tiie fide or lower !iu.lou;ig ija'sig v,-;ter ; a*^;:. S ivenby, A\'ar. on tiie 1: wer ■p'li'g pa; t o aL-ude. I:a\eraac ioieilj a loreil on the jev er X 2 iV.-^'I [ '56 ] i'pi'mc; water.- Savil, the lower fpr'ing or iiwcHing water place. bauklcn, Bucks, a dcii or vale below the ifriiig water pace. Sanhguer caftle, Scot, the lower border water caflle. Hence Sava'^c, b'Jow the inclolui^ water conliiieri dwcllero or feanien. Savanna, oa the ipring Wntcr liiics or lower parts; Sauce, iSaucey, Savor.r, and Saafagcs, the lower or Temale fpring wa- ter coi'.fines-, Sa-vpk, the lower f, rai^^ water part; Save, trie ]ower or fide [art S.AXHAM or Saxmundham, Sufi", the 'owcr water Tea con- fines or Ifcciii, vale or homr. Sax or Scx, Spa:n, the lower vi'a'cr coTiriiics. Sax'r.ni Fiance, t'le lower water confines or coall:. Saxnnes, Saefons, Sae';ons, Saccn, Axones. Holt- iSaxons or Fofi of S;ain, Gaul, Biitain, Ire. Denniark and Ger- nirr.y, on tlie lov/c- or wedern water or fca confines, the high wa'.cr place ride SaxonG, atul the fui rounding water part or fca r:dc, or in a rcr.icjter lenlc ti-.e fcr,sor inh.abitants of the fea ccnnrics. '1 his feeir:S to be an ar.pchative made ufe of by niny, Ptolemy., and other Roman writf-ts to defciibe the Ven- talfeenorr.m aiui (;thcrBiitainf;, who h.adi been difpclIctiTedby the Kon;an colon.y and niiit'.i legion fettled at Cama'odininni oi their conrit;y, and taken polTeflion of fevcral pa ts on the fea coafls of Irel.ind, Scotland, iingland, and Ge numy, and made de- prcda peers, b-t ir 15ritai t on. tl"; I r an provinces acco ding to the Britiih the Trifii Scots fccni to be defcended. .om !, oni v,-t:;;:n me Jnui nt no particular nation till after rise Ron-.ans quitted ;nd Ge'ir.ar.y, and ;■> X and Sax are no German, 8ax- : or c:"-.cr Celtic radic,d>, but a e of C-ieek origin, as appears • a fan;.__e i;i Homer, v.hieh fays thiat tl.e Greek name of j; Ph-\'gi.tn yiver Sca:nander uas Xantlius, and enter into c connondon of thole iliuiLcfs merely as cieiivatives fiom the lal:!:, the nr.nie Saxor.cs muft he ot a P.on^.in irii^in, and the rache , beeaufc in the b;.:;on dialecl, it would h„\eb:en wrote Scr.eoi's or Serons aeccirciin.?: to the lollo\v;ng Sa.xon nances, v'z. 1 e:::ni, C'eneaiii or Catitahrians, Secern or Segontinc, C; ;u ( i-C( ;'..cr, Ccnnel, the liberty oi ti;e Soi-e or Saxon, Seo:" or .'^''■■'-I- s a.r.d l'rigoi:tes or i>i itifii Saxo;-.s, C;.ii, Canton, I i-aKcn, no't nd riv'.;-bo!dei ted / Saxon dla'cH;, t the ot!ic; Celtic: d h-i ic r.on\ tr^ein Saxons wli.) . ieverai c.rmt :n-, F.-af.u:.: ^..11, xen, Aftren and. Scut and Lot, ■lb or Scots ;nd iingblh toll, and )ugh ill i!:e ecncrete, it differs dialects, VLtin the alliiael \aries icular y tfe Welui and Kndiih. IKTS to til!- ad of \'ortige: n o: to ;ei(:.[ iIkv \\.\d been tlin^uilefied aed to ;:!^i';ki\e'. ti.e c:ig:na; : ..'neSGl ca s by the ii.;cab;\ o: niei^ mc:.nii;g,and ■r;\ e I V.7 ] tlieir bcinf^ the moHds on which the Erglilh and other Riitifli (Halccis were framed, which are rarely to he met with in any other parts or countries. And as to the lan^juTi^e and anti- cjui'/u^s oi Bcdc and other monks, they as little corrcfpond v.uth the tnic dialec): and affairs ot Saxon Britain, as the con- tciis and abfurdiiits of fome others, with relpecl to a regular fucceflion of I'roiun princes in Britain, at a time when the iiland was under the c^overnment of the Druids in temporali- ties, as wed as fpiritualities ; nor a^e the pious and angry de- clamation,-) of (^ili-las, another wife leader of our antiquities on the ^iccs of I.'is countrymen, and the barbarities of the Saxo:is, Picls, and Scots, to be regarded as exac?c repreicntations of the tranf i£lions of tiiofe times ; neither can it be believed that thore people, who are faid to have fought a battle in the north .Vwiinii: tlie Scots and the Picls in aid ot V'ortigern, whofe names of perfons and places are moftly to be met with in Scotland and Ireland, v.'cre any other than the Scots and Picts them- iclvcs, and the Irifh and fome Northumbrian Britains ; for Gildas and I'ede, feem to confider the Scots, Picls, and Sax- ons, as joint invaders of the Britains, and the circumflanccs of that atlair are very diiferentty related and incredible in them- felves; and thofe very Saxons, immediately alter this pretended decihve battle ajainft all the northen> nations in favour of the Britains, foon after appear to have entered into a league with the Scots, Pidlo, aiul Northumbrians, againft them, under Ocra the brother and homager oi Hengift, duke of Kent; and ever after living peaceably together with the afl'iflance of iow.t VI the other expelled Britains from the continent, pur- fued th(.ir concpaelt of INlercia, Eall- Angles, Kent, and other countries of aie ibuthern Britains. If we feek amongft the hif- torians for the Saxon origin, Amm^anus Marcellinus will in- form us, that tliey wee thofe who invaded Britain in the days of \'alciitinian, and that they and the Curnbri came out of Greece with Meiculcs. Ca:far lays, that there w.is an old tra- dition, tliut the Biig^iiiles, a mixture of Saxons and Britains, Avere tlie Abo;igi!-.es c,i iiri'.ain ; Crantius fays that thcv came fii^m (lie Ck-niian Cani ; \\'liiu:chind, that thofe v.-ho cnme to the aiii of \oiiigein had no tixed home; Ptolemy, who firft rnentio;-.-; t'-.em lays, th.'.t they were from the Che; foricf^s Curn- bri or ]')ci:.ir.':k • l'',thelv'\ ard, that tliey iiiiiabitCvl a coimtry bct\secii the Ilhine utul Denir.ark ; Janus Doui,'., tk.nt Mengifl came from Bit.ivia or Ih'iland , I'rocopius, that the inhabitants of Britain were tlie An-les, Ftriiroiis, and Eiitains ; Ubbo Emiiiius, that the Iciilowers of Hengifl were moflly Ffrillans i Claudian, in his Ciuuiiieuilation o i \'alcutinian, fccnis to place the f '55 ] the Saxotj,-:, v.-no invndcJ the .Soiiiht in part:, of Tjiluun in tlie Orkney-, .-iid the Scots -as (.oiiiiut; Tom Irc'and, and with ^vhich the "Wclfli antiqr.r.ric; fccni to agree ; Kgcfinpus and Ifidoie fay, that the ^:axol]s I-^aI tlieir naine from ihf ir fitua- tion on the fca Ih.ore ; Goro[ ius furoruni;:, that they canie from Baieux or lower Normandy ; J .piiniarvlits, that the Sax- ons of Gemjany, were defecnded frowi thox of I>i;rair. ; Pcz- ron and Yerilegan, that the Gerniar.s, G/aiiLs, vVehli, and Britains were tiie lame peop'e ; Camden, that the Saxons were from the SafonLS oi Seythia ; Anr;;ns "y'iterbicnfcs, and Suffredus Pctriis, that the Saxons ana Cunibri were the remains of Alexander's army or Greeks, which hioncft Sherringham doubted, as he did nut think they fpoke Cireek, but many of their vocab'es, and names of p'accs appear to be Greek ; Tri- themius, out of "vVaflaldiiS lays, that the Saxons were the ciT- ipring of theCumbri and '1 rcjar.s ; Lazius and Capnin, that they and the Cun.bri were trom Phrygia, and that tlicir lan- guage was the Phrygian ; Sir Wiliianr Pcrnple, that the cuf- toms and nianners of the Phiyfians or Phrygians wee £ng- lifli ; Bcde, that Auguftln took fomc I'mnks from Gaul to be his interp:etcrs here, that the Saxons took poiTefTion of the Orcades and northern parts of Scotland, arrd joined the Picts againft the Britains, thus looking upon them as I tlo, to be the fame as the Scots; that VVilfrid, Suidbert, Willibord, and other i.ngiifhmen who preached the gcfpcl inFiizeland fpoke the Frizian tongue as it they hadbecnnatives ; Paul the dc;'.con,Cede, Giidas,Bonilace,Widilcind,and others, fuppoie that flic Britons, Anjiles, and Frizons to be the fan:c people, and l!;,it the An- gles took their name frorii an angle or corner c! llic ica IhiOi-e, which they pofteiTcdj but that the Britains came to tliis illaird. brfcre the Anglo Saxons ; and others bring the Saxons Ireni the neigh- bourhood of Brittany and Aquitain, that they were jiiates, nnd that they did not deftroy, but incorporated witii the Bri- tains, and as "J'acitus takes no notice of them, they were net probably fettled 'in Cjcrmany in his time. And ho.^cvei con.- tradiclory thole accounts mav feem to otlicrs, they appi, ..r to me to be pretty well grounrled on fa(:l:s, except IMr. Cm^len's Scvthian origin founded on tlie likenels ot the nr,n:L.-, ; fnee it appears that forac of every branch ot the japlietan race, except fome of ISIagog, INlefheck, and Tubal, have po!- fefied fome {'art of every country in Kurc;pe, at \^.:A[ on li.i^ fide Seylhia, and tljc prcfeiU nr.mes oI' p'ree-:, v, to be the models ot the i.n^- Jiih lasi^Mage, rr" cri. name:i ii^aiofcd on the iialii',! d:vli:o:i li (.■.■i;';',Li -i, poflcflbrb befo:e any to'.vn:, or ciiiLS WLrc luh, Ir appe: 1 bnti- r.r ill .• "is ill ft lilt Iv o [ 159 ] fuch of them as are mcntioneJ in the Pioman writings are fup- poied to be of Britilli original, and the reft Saxon, but the Saxons being Britains tlie;rd'elvc;, and fpeakiuj; a Brilifh dia- led eould only vary the n;uni:s, by adding Ce^iitcr, Burgh, and other terminations to five UriUili radicals. ScALHV Cafde, Cr.nib at the fide or below the incloang water phice. iSe^niULV, an ifiand of S Wales, in the lower lurrounding v/ater plaee eoniines. Scarba, one of the weftern illes of ScoLuunl, the lo A-er iiieloiing water part. Searbo:oU'>h, Yorkf. the inelofing v.-ater fide or rock burrow. Searrs and Scarfdale, Dcr. the ineiofing water fide rocks or vale. Sceait and iSce.iftbury, Dc^rfet. the lower incloi'ing water fide part or burrow. Sceorftan, Oxon. on the lower border or fliire fide, or a bo^jr.Iary ft.r.ic in afeconhny fenfe. Scellcercer, N-hum. the lower inelohng water place ndeor city. Sciredun, Devon, on the lower ineloilng water or bo der fprin^, or on the fnire fpring i)art. Sclover manor, Suii". be'oAV, or at the fule of the incloling f. ling water r=y.mor, Scordium, Cam. the ifland or lou'cr hornier, or inclor.:ig ^vater iide. Scotaney, Lin. below, or at the ii.lj of the lower furrounding water, or on the fea cod!;. Seois ha!!, Kent, the lower furrounding vv'ater fide, place, or hall. Seotifa, Greece, the lo^'cr incloiiijg water or lea Iide. Scodand, t'le luv.'er furrounding water or fea fide country or iflantls, and in a feconda-^y fenfe, the vveftern water bank or v.'oo;i:;dc or comitry. Scratchbury or Scracbury, Wilts. a burrow at the inclofing water fide. Sc<-c\c-^, Yorkf. on thein- cloiin.g fpriiig waf."- fide. Serlvclhy, Line, the inclofin.g fpring w.iterjiia eii.ie, p;u't,or Ii .bir,.ri'>n. Serobv and Scrope, .Nott. the lurrouiidiug water p;irt 11. ie (~jr bo''ler paitot habit;ttion. Sciily illands, in the l'',n^iiih eliiimel, tlie lower itieiofisig water place part, or iflands. Seytiii.i, thtHower di\ihon or Inelofuig water iiiie, country, or poillifrMis. Menee Scab, Sear, Scabbard and Scabby, as covering the luwer p.irt ■, Sea'ihld, Scahule, Scald, Scale and S.c.l'op, .is being at tlie inelofing water place fide; Scalp and Scilv, the lower part; Scammony, coveiing round the lower pa^; , :x::i'nr(r, tlse leffcr inclofip.2, v/ater part; Scan, the leller iui:' e,r mtnute: .'.cl oncM' 'uclohng water pnt; Scan- dal, on the fhicof t:;c inclo'ni;^ ^\;.•:•, - ua•■^ ; Scant, below an Inm- (^ed or tile 1 ,1^!^ em,) 1 ; Sea e, the lower cjpe or ineloiing the watc!' pat; .-^e.nee, L>:.ie' .• !!;■■ imluiing water inle ; Seure,oii bordei- ov inei'jl'.n ,', water li^ie -, .'.iea f, coveiing the lower part; Scarp, the iowei ineluilng v/atcr part; Scavenger the man on the lower water ]\irt ; ^(.ne^', M .; jiJe k: a or leen ; Sceptre, tiie cpuiiti V or polieli.v'u k;:e!'i-;.: l;;;n ; St;i;edu!e, the Ipring waa'r vl.^ceii.'u or hd ;, Wiie:^ the b.j,.-:d-. i^< we.e nu:h.,d or [ »6o ] or rcgiftcred -, Scheme, the fuTounciinp; v.-?.ter fif!e ; Srhifin, below the funounding water fide-, Scholar, on the lowering or inclofing water 5)lace fide; Sciatica, an ache at the fvle ; Science, the knowledge of ens or cxiflences ; beion, thefud on the tide ; Scoat or Scotch, or Scoff, leffenina; the inclcrmg water part ; Scold, at the inclofing water place fide ; Scope, the lower inclofmii water part; Score, the fide border ; Scotia, the lower furrounding water or lea fide ; Sco-n, leflening the inclofing water or bo'-der ; Scorpion, in the lower furrounding water or wefiern part ; Scot, the lower furrounding water or fea fide ; Scour, the inclofing fpring water lide ; Scourge the fide fcouring ; Scout, below the fpring inclofing water fide ; Scrag, the fide or part of a rock ; Scramble, the furrounding water place or rock fide ; Scrap, Scrape, Scratch, Scrawl, Scream, Screw, Scribe, as refembling the divifion or border water fides ; Scroll, the inclofing water fule roll, as rolhich ; Scrub, the fpring part below the inclofing v/ater part ; Scru- ple, the fpiing below- or at the fide of the inclofng wr.rer place; Scrutiny, the fpring on the inclofng Avater iide; Sc\:fHe, the lower inclofing fpring water place, as that betwixt the fpring or river and fea water at their , confluence •, Scull, the \ipper covering place; Scum, the furrounding fp;in2 v.'atcr fide ; Scurf and Scurvy, beiow the border water part; Scut- tle, the inclofng fpring water place f ue ; Scvrcicmot court, of theearland bifliop, the furrounding border or fliire meeting. The name Scotland feems to be of a Biitiih or S.ixon cx- tra61ion of the fame fignifcation as the latin naniC Saxon ; at firlt extended only to the inhabitants of the v,'LirA.'rn and nor- thern iflands and fea coafts of Scotland ;:nd the irifii Sco'^s ; but afterAvards like that of the Angles to tnililh in Southern Britain, it became the genera! name of ail the inh.abirants of North Britain But if the fouthern boundary of Scotland be fixed, as it ought to include all the in^•adcrs of Vc^tijern, at the Tyne or Hadrians wall, the proper limits of the Roman Briton ; the Scotse comprehended the Scots, Saxons, Irif i Scots, and Caledonians, who from their ftuation on the lev er or weftern fea, were called Scots or the lower water f ties or coafbs, or the weftetn water coaifs from the full's r^pncar-iue of fetting in the well ; and alio of the Picbs, the upj.cr f lie i-arr, which trorn the lini's rif.ng in the ccft was d'.eiucd the np;e' part ; the Deucaledonians, tlie loutiietn hills incfj;'.n j; ip-nig Mil fide or vales ; \^ecturioneM or I'chiti, the lipjvjr fi; and the Meatx, Dalemeatte and ()tt;^'>i:ii, in.iiHiii:.- tiie (->a- deni, Selgovre, Kovantes and Damnii ; tl;e lornifi L •::.; ot the Caledonian, Irifh, Sason, or biiLilb race, and liic i;;ttcr 6 of [ i6i ] of the Cumbcri, Dalematian, Gauliil"!, "WvilHi, EnoJifli or Angli Britifli origin. That the names 8axon and Scot, mean the fame people both in Scotland and England alfo sppeart; by the following; i^ngli- Saxon law terms, viz. foe, foke, or fcot and lot or thean; being the right of port toll and the liberty of landing and fcotal payable amongd the Saxons and Sco':s whofe refidence were along the fea coails, and the fair and market toll, lot or proportion payable to the Cumbri Gauls or Engliih, who dwelt in vales on the boundary rive.'S, where fairs and markets were held under the fupeiintcndency oi the heads of tribes or clans for the liberty oi" holding fairs and markets, and for taking public cognizance of all foles, bargains, and exchanges ; Sac and Scavage being the like toll v\ithin manors o> lefler diflrichs coilecfed by the reve or {teward ; Sakeber, below the ineloiing water part, or bearing any thing beyond its proper limits; Soccage, a Saxon fa: ni or the Icfibr tiiibicts-, Sock- manni, the Saxon fa'-mers ; Scutate, belo\\' the incloiinir wa- ter iide, or a tax in lieu of that fer\ ice ; ellheat, below its li- mits ; Efcuaje, the Icifer ineloiing watc fcrvice, or tlie ftr- vice of an efquirc or leiTer knight ; and t!;c v;;r!u'.is other Saxon and Engliih, names of places here deruied, wlilch have been formed on the model of the gciieiical or radical Sco or Scot, after the manner ot other coiuittics, without any deri- vatives from Sax or Saxon, except fuch as have been tra!irialed from the Latin. If we attend to what hidorians have advanced touching the Scottifli origin, aiid rei.ieclip.i the ieveral dct;o- minations of the ];roi)!e, vveihall fnul this account cfth.em in a great meafure conlirmcd, and that their ori;;-;in, like the Sax- ons, has been deiived from v;;riou'; co'ann"ir:s and n.itions ; -aj Tacitus, whiO fays that the Scots were Cemia.ns, probably the fea Germans, Sieambri or Gauls, tlic i.jiu.-wers oi Islercury, fince their ancient langi'.a;;e appeais to be tli'" CJeltic. Amnda- nus Marcclliiii;';, v/ho lirft ivicnrieaied the Picls, lavs tii.it t!)e l''euc.i'idnne'; and \'eclurioncs were ccn.ip; circndcd un.'ier the denomination ofricis, but that rl-.e reit cT Scotland weie the Scoti and Attac(/ti, who to.-jetlv.M' w th the i'ra.iik.s aiiti Saxons bordering on GauK w^rc tiie invaders oi ioul'iern ^Jiit;un; Dion Cailius, who fiys th,;'.t liie Scots rfiiii'lKiu oi" 'die Calic- donians beyond the 'ivc:it wall, anJ the Meatvc on ll.i, fido of it, to whom all the reit wcvc I'cia'od ; Bcdo adort^ tlMt l!:e low- landers were oi liie Engliih oii dn^ that the ^cot.: CcwV.e from Ireland, and tlic ricls Irom Scvtiiia, ip.canhig Scandina.via ac- cording to Ruiihcck, iTpiicr, and Stilling'leet ; that they fet- tled at the mouth of the Tync, Ipokethc riclifli tongue, v.liich by tlie by appears to be tiie i'ritif;!, and th.;t L-iuaui received '^ anodi-r another clifFerent nation from Ireland, which exp'ains "what Bede meant by nations, fince the Irifh we;e of the firft coloniz- ing race of Britons ; Pomponius, Aventinus, and others fay that the Pifls were Germans; the Scots hiftorians widely dif- fer as to their own origin, as favouring too much either the Gaulifh or Englifh or the old Britifh origin, fmce they appear to derive their origin from every fpecies of Britons. Humphry Llwyd places the Picls or Meatse in Lothian. Camden and Edward Lloyd fay that the Pi6ls were the fame as the Britons, and fpoke the Britifh tongue. John Picardus and fome others derive the Picls from the PIftones of Gaul, in whofe country the woad grew. Giraldus Cambrenfis brings the Scots from the province of Ulfler in Ireland, to the north of Scotland, in the fourth century, under Mured or Murry, but thofe feem to be Saxons. Tacitus defcribes the perfons and ruddy com- plexions of the Calledonians to be fimilar to what Diodorus Si- culus fays as to the make and complexion of the Gauls. And Mr. Drummond of Hawthornden and others fay that the Saxons were in pofleflion of Scotland as far as Edinburgh till nine hun- dred and fixty, and that the Ottadini were called Scottadeni, And as the Scottifh and Pi^lifli cufloms, manners, language, names of perfons and places, and their make and complexions agree with the Gaulifh and Britifh, thofe xvho bring the proper Picls from France, the proper Scots from the fea coafts of Bri- tain and Ireland, the Calledonians from the proper hilly Gauls, and the Lowlanders from the Cumbri of this ifland, and the reft from an intermixture of thofe, feem to deferve the moft credit; more efpecially if we regard the extenfivenefs of Gaul, and its numerous colonies, which palled the Rhine as well as into Britain, that the firft migrations continued from the fouth northward, fo long as the Gauls exceeded the Germans in ftrength and valour, and the country remained under the go- vernment of the Druids, and that the firft colonies which came into Germany north about, muft have been through Norway, or by fea, as It was otherwifc iluit up by the Hercynian foreft. and if our ancient bards and writers may be credited, the Bri- tlili iiles furnlfned Norway, Denmark, Germany on the Bal- tick coafts, and the Sc.ini-iinaviaii cmpory with Britons and Cumbri or Gauls, in tii'.: co'onizing age, and at the expulfion of the Druids by the Romans, who, during their refidence in this ifland, retained tlie fame viciniLy betwixt the Inhabitants of the feveral parts of Britain and thoiC of the continent, as they had had on the continent in tinic n.;li:; the firft migrations having been by fea, and the next in progrcfiive ftreets from caft to weft thro' Thrace, fl'yricum, Gaul, a;:d Britain. It may not be im- proper r >63 ] proper here once for all to obfervc, that as the Greeks and Ro- mans prcfled the Celtic nations in italy,Gaiil, Spain, andUritain, they wheeled northward and returned fouthward into the Ro- man countries, and regained their former feats, as evidently appears by their change of feats, according to the ancient hif- torians and geographers. But what proves the Scots, as well as the Englifh to be a Celtic nation, beyond the poflibility of a contradicl;ion, is their ancient voices and names of perfons and places being Celtic. Seam, Axantos, or Samos in Greece, and an ifland over againfl the OiiHrni, or Britania Armorica, in the Britifh fea, the furrounding water or fea fide or iiland, both famous for their oracles and priefts caLed Len:x;, the water bank men or wardens. Seafdon, Staff, the lower or lide water fule town. Seaton, Devon, Kent, on the lower w.tter or lea lide town. Seavanfhal, N-hum. the fide or lower inclofnig ipring water part or haven high water place or hall. lience v^ea, the fide or lower water; Seal, the fide or lea water piaec, which marks the boundaries ; Seam and jc ni, a ner or on the fea ; Sea;-, the fea mark ; Search, on the fea iide C'^iilines or action; Seafon, on the leas, which was in fine vAcawiei' and che S;ixons perio- dical time of going to fea ; Seat, the fea niie ov \/^.nk ; Seaward, the fpring water at the fea fcie, or ihc fea warder.. Secandunum or Seckini.;ton, AVar. a town on the lower inclofmg water. Se2;elocum, I^inc. the inclolnig waier place fide or flation. Segeviunui.i o: Se^'ehif, N ham. tiie lower inciofing water j^lace lide hilL tc>wn or i!a,.iv.n-i- Sciontinm or Setantium, ilants, N-Walcs, i^ane on the JOvver inelufinff water or lea (onlmes, Itation, leitiemc.nt c ■ c:Lv. Segonax, Norf. on the lower inclofuig wa>.ci' or ica ccr:ii;ies, or Ifceni chieftain. Segrave, the fea warden. .Se\ iiitne, the lower furrounding more or fea. Stiont, on the let iidc. MeiiCe Secant, the fea or lower ineiofiig water fitle ; ^ecede, be- low the inciofing water fide ; Seclude, Ixdow the iiielofinj^ fpring fide ; Second, the fea or furrountiiiig wat^'r jidc; Secret, the lower or lemale ineloliivr w iter lide ; Secf, ir.Icvv Uk: iai- clollng water fule, o: divided irom the eomnuniitv ; Secular, the fpring water place lide or eountry; Seeuiidinc, in the fe- male inciofing water, or feeontl part; Sccuie, on tlie bouler iide; Sedan, on the lower or ii:at p;n't; beJate, the liiie or feat at; Sediment, at the bottom p.irt ; SediLi(>:i, on t lie lower or below the lide; Seduce, the lower or below the fpring part fide; Seed, the leifer or female paits or divifions; ^.ee, Si or the I'uii's rays on the lower parts; Seek, the feeing aclion; Y 2 Seigniorj r i^H ] Seignior, on tlic iiicloi'm::^ '.vater ncie or country: Seizin, on the ie;i fide or in p;)iJefiion. oKL, Scl?.bv, and St-lby, Yr-rkf. Diir. the water place fide, part, arbode, cell, ^rmvc, or low -^nrt. Sflh.ii'tenden, Kent, the water part fide lev/ or wr-orl',- v-Ic. o- fht; Bntifn vale, cell, or grove. SelgovT% or the inh:ih!r;'.nt^ nf ij()e!"ciale, Euf- dale, Eilcdale, .Ananti-Me, •.'.';>-■ Nidiuia'e, in Scotland, the rtwellers on the lower i'lcioiini forini: water confines. Sel- kirk, Scot, the lower herder duit, moriinj, or chi;;rn. Self- comh and Selfey, Suu\ the fea, iVdt, lidc, or Inv/er water i lace va'e or iHaiKi. Sclv.-oc[i, Som. V.'ijts. the fair, im!? or icnvcr water place wood. Hence Sel''orri, Uie iea wiUer place i'l'r- ron.nding border; Selecl, the (i^ic ■'■■jfer place iliut p;rrt ; Self, the cell or {jnit part; Sel', o,i \hc fide Y-n^e- |d,icc, which were the fairs and market places ; Sei'.agc, tiie :p--ing water place edge] Selon of Ja!id, the fea bank ndc or lanc, or appor- tion of land of the like dimcnf ons. Sempil, Scol. the fide fi'.iToir.nlinji- wate ji!ace. Scmpring- ham, Line, the fea or lower furrounding water n.vt coniines, va'e or habitation. Hence Semi, the border wa:;cr iides or rim, or half the boundary water part-, Sembiance, feen on the water place, border, or fide ; Sempite-nal, the fide furrounding fpringpart; Sempftrefs, the female at t;ie learn part. SrneK) anifiandin the Britifli fea, the fea inck;fcdone ; Sens, Scniis, and Senones, Gaul, the fide inclofing water place, and on the fide inclofing fpring water place. Scnns, Ire. the fide inclofing fpring. Hence Senate, at the inclciing or inclofed fide; Send, the fide inclofing part ; Sencfchal, on the fide in- clofing ccnhnes part ; Senior, or an alderman, on tlie ndic in- clofing water man ; Senfc, belo'u the iricloiir.g f d,c ; Sent, to the inclofing- fide ; Sentence, below ine inclotmg fide ; Sentry or Sentinel, on the inclofin-ii hi.ic part; Sentiment, the minds fiuTOunding fight ; Separ;^te. at ihc lea water part ; Septenary, on the fea fide p/'it ; Sepulchre, the fide water place covering. SEivKi'., a i'ritifli ifland, tlic fea or 'rwcr water corifines. Senia and r-crpia, Greece, the knver o.- iide water part ; Se- raglio, bek'V^' ill- w iter fide fLat : ^er.•pk, the ion of the Itars c lefKT lights ; ",ercnc, cii the wate: fide, or the ihirs in the orhcr '-:n;:uage; Ser.eant, c^n the lower inel'ding water fide rnari ; Series, the i^des to tlic u-ater ; Se nion, on the fur- rfnoidiii^j water or fi\a fi'.c ; Seroi;.- and Sei'mn, the lefler (orln'^ water -, SL^'pent, the herd along tlie ground (M' iuriace ; peiv..!it, liic Lv.er pait of the houie ; Sei:. aiul Seifion, on th(p [ i65 3 the lower water fide, where rates and taxes were aiTcfTed and fefhons kept for that purpofe. Setantii or Secontii, N-Wales, the lower fea fide, or the Saxon poflefiions. Seteia, Chef, and Spain, the fea fide or the lower poffcffions. ^Seton de la val, N-humb. the vale on the fea fide, or a fea town of the vale. Hence Set, the fea or lower fide. Seton, in the lower covering ; Settle, the fea fide or lower place or the water place lower fide. Severn, Gloc. &c. on the inclofinfi; fide or feparating fpring water. Sevcrcia, Wilts, the fide fpring water. Seven-fliale, N-hum. on the fide fpnng lower place. Seven Burgcnfes, burghs on the fide fprings, and Five Burgenfes, burrows on the fpring part, or perhaps in a remoter fenfe, burghs or dif- tricl;s of five and feven villages, fituatcd on the river fides, as Leiceftcr, Lincoln, Nottingham, Stanford, Derby, York, and Chefter, the Loeg'ian limits, where the Northumbrians and Sco:s of Fife made fome fettlcments on the retreat of the Ro- mans. Seven-okc, Kent, on the fide fpring water or fcvcn oaks. Hence Seven, the lea on the fide fpring water, the ha- ven, or reiling or flanding part, or a divifion in number; Seventy, feven fides, ties, or tens; Sever, the fide fpring wa- ter, which fevers ; Severe, parting; Sewer, the lower water; Sex, the lower or female water confines, which makes the dif- tintlion of fex, elie all would have been neuter; Sexton, the lower water confines water fide one, it being the Saxon me- thod to bury in water. Shaftsbury or Septon, Dorfet, the lower fide part or burrow, or on the lower fide part. Shanon or Senus, Ire. the lower inclofing or fide high fpiing. Shap, W-mor. the lower or inclofing part, iornicily liepe, the high part. Sharborn, Norf. on the lower or inclofing water border or neighbour- hood. Sharpnor, in the Hie of Wight, the lower water part on the border, or on the border edge. Shalton, the lower fide town. Shavington, Chef, the lower confines or inclofing fpring town. Hence Shaby, the lower habitation or covering; Shakle, a (hutting the lower place; Shade, at the fide; Shaft, the lower fide part ; Shake, the iea or lower inclofing water, which is moft commonly in agitation j Shale, upon or inclo- fing the lower; Shall, the lower up; Shallow, alow water place; Shallop, the low water place thing ; Sham aiid Shame, furrounding or covering an under part; Shank for Chank, the lower branch; Shape, the lower or fiiade part; Shard, Share, Shark, and Sharp, the ed^e fide or lower water part ; Shatter, and Chatter, at the lower part, or ftrikin:^ at the lower part; Shaw, the lower fprings i Shave, the cutting thereof. Sh£afield, [ i66 ] She AFIELD, Yorkf. the fide or lower water dwelling plac« or village- Sheales, N-lium. the lower water place fide- Shcernels, Kent, the nde or lower water promontory, or ifland. Shelford, Nott. Bedf. the fide or lower ford. Shelfey, Heref. the lower fide water place. Shene, Su:rv, on the inclofing or fide water. Shepey, Kent, the lower or ifland part. Sherry- hutton, Yorkf. on the fide or inclofing water hvdh. fpring part or town Hence She, the fide, lower, leffer divifion or female he, hi, or i ; Sheaf, an inclofed or fhnt part*, Shear, upon the fix'ep; Sheath, the inclofing part; Shed, fheen or on the fide; 8heep, the lower part; Sheer, the lelfer water ; Sheet, the iower covering; Shelf, a low water place part ; Shell, on the lower part or water place; .^hclLer, on tiie v.ater place fide, Or a low inclofure; Shelving, the lower water place edgej Sherif, thefliire rcve or warden. SHI^, Chin, origin, Scot. tl;c fide inclofing or foremoft vrater pait. Shingle h?dl, Hertr;, bciow the iticlohng or Ingles high water place or hall. Shipton, War. Salop, the fide part town. Shirburn, or Scirebuni, Dorfet, Oxon. Yorkf. on the fide, border, or inclofmg fpring water brookc, neighbour- hood, or fliire. Shirwood, Not!:, the inclofing; fpring water iide or wood, or an inclofed or covert wood. Shirley, theihire or border fpring water place. Kencc Shield, the fide or water place fide covering. Shift, the lower or female part covering; bhilling, on lower inclofing or Englifli water place fide; Shin, on the fide; Shine, the fun in or on the fide; Ship, a fea thing; Shire, the border inclofing water; Shirt, the lower covering; Shiver, a fevered part. Shoad, Corn, the fhcw at the water fide. Shobery, Sceo- birig, EiT, the furrounding water part. Sholache, Chef, the lower furrounding water place confines or ftiut. iShoreham, SufF. a vale or dwelling place on the furrounding water, fea or fea fliore. Shorn, Bedf. on the furrounding water or bor- der fide. Shotwick, Chef the furrounding water fide flreet or fortification. Hence Shoal, low or fliiillow water place; i?bock and Shog, the furrounding water or fea confines ; Shoe, the lower covering; Shot, at the furrounding water fide; Shop, the furrounding water or fea fide part ; Shore, on the furrounding water ; Shorn, on the furrounding Avatcr ; Short, at the fur.oundinrt ; Sincere. :■ wimi infide heart, or (lear; Sin''W, -.ni infieie Iprini;; Sinj. "i in'ide foun-i; Single, an ifl.m :! or inc'oiino; wiiter phuj ; Siniil.":-, the lower incloiing liile v^ate part ; Sink, a lew Ciiv.t -, Si;ii; , a fide in- c'oied; Sip, a fiViull part; Sir and Sire, afinrc •;:; a kni.c'l':^ L.LV.l [ '63 ] Sifter, the lower or female fide part; Sit, the lowtfr Cd6', Situate, at the lower water or lea fide j Sixty, the fea or wa» ter confines fide or tye ; Seize, covering the lower. Skeffington, Norf. a town on the lower inclofing water part. Skelton, Norf. a town on the inclofing water place, Skellingthorpe, Line, the inclofing water place fide gate. Skengrave, the inclofing water fide warden. Skeweth, Wales, the lower inclofing fpring water fide. Skiddaw, Cumb. the fpring or Iky water part or fide, or fpringing up to the flcy. Skinfrith, Wales, on the lower inclofing water fide way. Skipfay, Yorkf. the lower inclofing water or fea part. Skip- ton, Yorkf. the lower inclofing water part town. Skipwith, Leic. the lower inclofing fpring water fide. Skirlaw, the border fpring water place fide or law. Skrckingham, Line, a vale, home, or dwelhng place on the lower water border. Hence Skein, the lefTer ties, binds, or fliuts; Skate, at the lower water or fea; Skeleton, the lower (hell corering ; Sketch, the lower inclofing water fide ; Skiff and Ship, the leffer or fide water fhut or vefiel ; Skill, on the inclofing water place ; Skim, the lower water border or covering; Skin, on or cover- ing the lower; Skirmifli, below the furrounding border fide ; Skirt, the lower border fide ; Skreen and iSkulk, on the bor- der fide or inclofing water place ; Sky, covering the lower parts. Slane, Ire. the fide water bank, or on the lower water place. Slaugham or Slaughden, Sufi^ the fide or lower water place vale. Seaford, Line, the lower or fide water place, ford or way. Slego and Sligah, Ire. the lower inclofing water place. Slew Gallen, Ire. the Englifli or Gaulifh inclofing fpring water place or mountain. Slingftjy, the inclofing fpring water place fide, part, or habitation. Hence Slab and Slate, a broad or fiat fide part ; Slack, the leaft water place a£lion, or a low lake ; Slander, lefiening the water bank part ; Slant, the fide water bank; Slap, below the hand, or an high part; Slave, a low living place; Slay, lay low ; Sled, at the water place fide ; Sleek, the lov/er water place finit ; Sleep, the lower place or water place part ; Sleet, the lower or icey water parts; Sleeve, below the hand part; Sleight, a low water place fide; Slender, the low water part bank ; Slice, lefiening or dividing the fide water place ; Slide and Slip, along the di- vifion water place; Slim, the leffer border water place; Sline, the furrounding water place fide; Sling, the lefier inclofing water place; Slit, the lefier fide water place; Sliver, the fide fpring water place ; Sloats, Slobber, Sloe, Sloop, Slop, Slope, (Sloth, Slouch, Sloven, Slough, Slow, Sludge, Slug, Sluice, 6 Slumber, [ '69 ] • tSlumber and Slut, the furroundingwaterplnce Cidc'or the lower or leffer furrounding water part ; Sly, tiie hdc or beluw the water place. Smalbridge, Suff. thelcflcr rniildlcor diviGon Avater place bridge. Smerwick, ire. the lower rnid^ilc or furroundin;^ water orfea confines ilreet or fortification. Smere, YorkL the lower or lefler furroun^ling Ipriiig. Smithy Rent or l>loom Sniithv Rent, the fcafurrounding fide or co;;!}; Itnelting rent, or ihe honle or Lord"s part, Smyrna, in Ionia, o;i the lower Ita or I'm ro'unl- ing water fide. Hence Smock, the fide furrounding confine;', meeting or kilfing ; Small, on the fide furrounding water place; Smart, at the furroundiu-', vvatcr fide; Srnear, below cr at the fide of the middle v.-ater ; Smell and Smelt, on the fur- roundinsi water place fide, the ufual place of ore melting; Smerlc and Smile, the furrounding water place fide or iiidit; Smite, the furrounding river or water at rhe fea ; Smith, the fca i'm-' rounding fide, the ufual places of frnelting ; Sniock, a covering about a female; Smoke, the Icficr furrounding water or iluid ; Smooth, the leflei Unrounding rdcs ; Smuggle, b.de.w trjefui- rounding ip'ing vv^ater place ; Smut, at the the furrounding fpring fide. Snailwell, Sufi", the fide ir.clofin^ fnrin^)- water or dweiiiriP^ place. Snath, Yorki. the ii.le or lower inclofing part. Snai.- donia or Snowdon, N- Wales, on the lov/er inclofnig water uacy hills or fiiovi^y forefl. Suite, iNOtt. the lov/er ineiofmi; fivie water. Snothill, Heref. the leiier or lower furrounding water fide hill. Hence Snack, the fidie inclofin;z water co;;;;;ies or edge; Snafie, an inclofing part upon; Sn.ag, from the inclofc.i part; Snail, a lov/ or i\o\v inelofed place ; Sr.ake, thj iitle ip.- clofing water condntes ; Snap, a fide ir.cloiing part; Snp.pi'aelv, Snare, the fitle inclofing v^'ater or {hu'-.tin:: on the lower; Siaueh, at inclofuijx or catehin.-: ; Snear, on the fide of th.e ine!cif iig water ; Snip, the ihle inclofhig p.art or I'lin-', ; Snivel, th.e JeficT inclofing f ;rin ;; water place; Sno:e, Sn(>rf, Snot, Smid'an I Snuflle, the lov/er ijicie, ing wate.' li^ie, ov a nofe ; aa ; >^no\v, the lefler inclofetl or dnai: :j^' le.g w.-er ; Se.;:b, b-'u:u' ;Ik' ie,- clofing fpring part ; Snug, the lede.' cr lo\.-er inelodng 'pni.g water confines. Soar or Soer, Leic. the fln•'oun^'ing water or f v; 'V; ^^•ater. Sochurn, Dur. the lurrounding vr."er nei^'rh'e ;!!:<•, i', I eritne or dwelling j:art:. So.lhury, 'Jloe. ;'.t the ;r..ii>rvnuii)j,- w aier iiiie fpring ])art or hu:r;n'/. ^c;h;r, the lea or ne rouni'nig w.iier part. Soham, Ca.mb. the lea or hiireeiK'ir'; v/ater \'a!e. Soke Liberty, i'jf. the fea or fmroundin'-- \v:eer ccadinei: or Sa:coii liberty. Solanu Gcefe, the iei bank i.Je reefc. Schieri, tre Z iia roeeiin J [ lyo ] furroundliig water fide men. 'vjlcnCan, on the furrounding water bank. .Solentc, Hants, the lea or furrounding water bank fide. Solonia or Colonia, the iurrounding water banks or lanes. SoKvay, Scot, the fea or furrounding water pLace way. Solyhill, War. tlie furrounding water place hi]]. Somerley, Suft'. the fea furrounding water place. Somerfet and Somerton, the lower furrounding fea fiilc, font, fituation or tov/n. Somer- fham, Hunt, themeie furrounoing v/ater fide vale. Somerville, the furrounding mere dwelling place or village. Hence Some and Something, the furrounding vratcr fide 5 Son, in the fur- rounding water part ; Soon, on the furrounding water part ; Soot and Sooth, the furrounding water fide ; Sop, Soph, Sophi and Sophifl;, the furroundinci; water part fide ; Soc and Sithe- foea, the fea fide or Saxon limits or borders, with the liberties of a court, like the leet and baron courts of the Gauls in the in- land countries ; Sockmanni, the fultors thereof SoRBODUNUM, Corbodunum or Salilhurv, ^Vilts. the fur- rounding water or border refidiiig town. Soure and Soureby, Nott.Yorkfi the fiurounding i'pring w.;ter or a port or habitatioir thereon. South, the furroun.iing fjiriug fide:. Southam, South- ampton, Southwark and Southery, Devon, War. Hants, Surry, the furrounding water fide vple, w.lc town, fireet fortification or country. Sow, Stafi". the furrounding water fpring. Hence Sorcerer, tlie furrounding water bordri- man or keeper; Sordid, nt the furrounding water fitle or jioflefiions ; Sore, on the fur- rounding part; Sort, the furrountling Avater fide part or pofief- fion ; Sofs and Souie, below the furrounding water fide ; Sot, at the furrounding water part; Sovereign, on or over the fur- rounding water confin^es ; Soul, the furrounding fpring of light; Sound, the furrounding fpring in the parts ; Soup, the furrounding fpring v.-ater part ; Sour, the furrounding fpring v/ater : South and Sovv-, the furrounding fpring fide and water animal ; Soil, the furrounding place. Spalding, Line, the lower inclofing water place fide. Spaldwic, Canib. the lower vratcr place fide flreet fimt or for- tification. Spaws, tiie lov.^er fpring parts. Spelhurll, man and well, Kent, Norf. GIjc. the lower or fide v/ater place wood, forefr, part, fpring, or dvvelling jdace. Spene, Spinx, Spiucham or Nev.^bery, Berks, on the fide water part, vale or habitation. Spey, Scot, ilie lovrer or fide part or water part. Speney Caftlc, Scot, a cau-le on ilie Spey. Spurhead or Ravcn- fpur, Yorkf. tlie i]d<.: or lov.'er fpiii'.g part head or the river or fprimx lov/er part. Hence Sp;\ce. the lower fide part ; Spade, below the foot part; Span, tlie fide of the higher or upper paw or hand; Spaniel, or. tlie w.icer ]r.ut race; Spanifh, tlie lower [ '7' J lower part fide; Spar, the under or lovv-jr bar > Spare, a low or bare part ; Sparkle, tlie lower or lefler Mre part light ; ^p;lI - row, the thatch animal ; Spawl, th." lower part iprin.-in-:; up ; Spawn, the lenerfpringin^diviiions -, Spay, Icllenini^ the part ; Speak and Speeeh, the fulo o\ found part acl:ion ; Spear, on the lower or Tule part ; Special, on the lower Hde part; Speck and Species, the IcfTer incloiing water parts or a combination or union of parts ; Spcculuiii, tiie fide or light fpring part ; Speed, the lower part at ; iSj^cli, on the lower v.'ater place part or wall ; Spend, lelicning the iiifidc or ir.cl(jfcd part ; Sperm, the lower furrounding water; Spew, fprin^.ing up from below ; Sphere, the earth or on the lower iide; Sphinx, below the inelofmg water p.irt or the Nile fide, which were often attacked by its floods, and nothing but the interpretation of its riddles, or making good its b.niks and opening it couhl avoid its invafion, Avdiich Oedipus performed by opening its way through a rock; •Spice, railing a low part or thing ; Spike, the]eHi,;r pike ; Spill, below the water pLiee part ; Spin, the lower part on or in- elofmg ; Splnfter, one wlio r.as not fpinned ; Spiny, the lefler pin; S});ie, tiie fmailer part upwards; Spirit, the lefler or fnialler i'm or light part or divilions ; Spillitude, at the lower fide part ; S, it, the lower or fule part at ; Splafii, below the water place f de ; Splayfoot, the fide place foot ; Spleen, the fide water place within ; Splendour, on the water fide jilace; Splice, be- low the i\i}.c water place ; Split, the Cidc water place diviiion ; Splutter, tlie leiTer plaxe utter or fpring part ; Spoil, below the furrounding water part place or race ; Spoke, the lefier fur- rounding water part eonrmes or fide ; Spondee, the lower found part in two or divifion ; Sponge, the lefler furrounding water part fhuts, {hells or pores; Spoori, a water veflel in the hand ; Sport, the iule lurrounding water ]^;rt, uiually wilds, woods and forelts ; Spot, the lefler furrounding water part fide, part or jioflcifion or lelTer circle part divificin ; Spoufc, the fide part of us ; Spout, the fide water pait out ; Sprain, the i^dc part froni in ; Sprat, th.e lefler ;.t the water j\nt ; Sprav.d, the loucr part irom high ; Spr.iy, on th.e \'.aiter part [-nlc or poflefuon ; Spread, the water part iide or Ci-amrry lefler p-.uts or i^CKh ; S]-):i;i-, the lefler water p.u't covS)Vrc \, or ;i finall branch of a ri\-er or t.a'e ; Sprigln, the water fi(!e fpirit; Spring, the incIo,'i;ig- w ,.ter lower part, the hie at tlie haver parts, or the hnver jxets o]- fiMfsce; Sprout, the lower [rart out ; Sp.unie, furr( '.nuling the water part fitle ; Spur, a low or fid.e i ^nt ipring ; Sjiurious, the lei's }H!!-e, ipiing or ofi.-piinj'; part ; Sivarn, on the fpur; 'purt ;v.vl Spatter, at the fpur; Spy, the fixing thing ; Srpiub, ;h,c leis cv h)\v fpring part, v.s a ehi:k, or a low fail; Scpiall, the J(;W( r ^^ 2 w.i'ar L 172 ] water place or fca fpring ; Square, the ir.clofing fpring fuies iSqu^ifh, the lower incloiin^;!; water iide ; Squat, at the lower in- clonng water confines ; ^^queak, the IclTer Ipring water confines or action; Squeeze, below the incloilng water lule ; Squib, fpringing up irom belo'.v ; hquire, the Jefler t>n the inclofing %vater ; knight or kingt being the chief, iirft, king or doge th.ere- cf; Squirei and Squirt, fpringing up from beiov/. Stafford, the lower, jfceni or Ikenild coa't vray or high way or ford. Stamford or Manford, Devon, N-liarn. Line, the furiOU':'l!r:g fde or coaft way or ford. Standiih., Lane, tlie lovv'cr iiiclofing fute eoail: Stan.'on, Herts, a town on the lower or Lceni coad or confines. Stanhope, on the fea or lovvcr high watc' [.-ait ccaft. Stanrnorc, lorkf INIidd. on the iov^'cr coaft or fde moor. Stane;, Midd. on the lower fide coafl. S'laniiarie?, Corn on the lower coaft country, Stannura ?nd Stone. Stanilcd, LlT. on the lower coaft or Ifccni ftation. Stanthorp, Dur. on the lo.vcr coaft water gate part. Stanton Drcv/, torn, a town on the lower coafL fpring water part. Stanwell, Midd. on the lower coaft fpring water place. Stan- ^vick5 Cumo. Yorki. on ine lovrer coaft ftrect, fhut, fortifica- tion or ciry. Staple, th.e fea coaft ftanding or ftation place. Stcphc.hii ifand, in the Severn, the lower fidie part iiland. Sterburrov.', .'■•urry, the lower or fide fp:in:i; water part or bur- row. Sterling, icet. tl-e lov.'er iriclofng water part place. Stert, rJe\or:, the lower water fde part or point. Steven- iiaur/h, li'eicj, tne lower iocionng fpring water part or ftation. Steward, the under, lower or iciier (it'e, poffeJio?is or houfe ■warden. Sti'tcn, flur.t. the lower fde water place town, Stiperftones, Salop, th j lower fide wa'er part ftones. Stoke and Stow, ^e',t• Ixctt. the lower border uaicrfde, l:ev or itativ/n. Stckeiey, the Ioi\cr border ftarion place. Stoke Co- mer and Steke Carey, Soni. the fea and ipi'ing water fjwer border fbticn. Stoner, C^xcn, Stad". on ihe lo-ver wa:er hi0;^erian. Sa:;on,lieLnior Laft Anik'-, a::d<';e ; 'ae.: 'e' regidcring tiie idver.d cddiiets of the e. n:urv, \d..:e <..'. ; ;d ie liiCeiin-s we:'e annuadv heid oi the ^;reii.l in tiu ::" tnne, and alu rwards oi the heads of t'le Cians, . Mfi v.i:c:-e, as i- i.Ad, ri;- dritcns were madi.er^d bv the Saxons .:• a p,'^t.r::iei nie..d::g ;j:" adjufting naitters, an.l the border )- :,., or t:^.: teinple <..> d,,.' god 1 erniijuis, according to tlie !V'' .m;^ ;die and :':■.:. c ;d:d; n of Sir Inigo Joiie . Stonele\-, }-i, ti "'*■ -r '.I d'e ■•I'-/ r border pi/rc^ palace or ibaion. Stian- it v^ iven', on die louver border ftrect o: ft^.ticn. Swiit, lierto. tier. 1 'Order, [ 173 ] Herts, the lower or Ifceni border water p;\rt. Stortford, the Stortfo d wav or it.uion. Stour, Dorfet, Wilts, Kent. EfT. Suff Wore, the lo\"/cr border or ftation fpring water part, i^fonr-mere-minfter-mouth-ton, SuiF. Ucm let, Kent, the border frrir.g water fide lake, monaitery, mouth or gate and town. ^tovv•ev, Som. the lower border I'priiir;. Straban, Ire. en the lover river Avater part. Strang' io^d or Strangway, Ire. Dur, the inchinn" water part or (ea fide wav, ftrand or fortification. ^tiat, Sti':;thorStret-e]vvyd-rit;ur-lord-bo]gy-d:vern em-navern- ttni-u'el!, Scot. Buek'-., Salop, Stafr". War. Line. Bedf. Corn, the wa*;er part way or (ireet, on the inelofing Spring water place fide, the farromv.ii-.ig water place eoniines, ciivifion fpring incI'iMrg ^'■atcr or ipring town, and Iprinti; water, well er dwelling j'lace or the principal ways, roads or flreets, fuppofed to be I\oman, bat more probably from their names and tliofe oj thc'r ir.habitants, which the Ron^uns launized, the flreets on tlie fliilerent l^orders of countries, btrelley or Stradley, Wilts, Nf>tt. en the lower fule water place or flreet. Strigil or Chepft^ v, S-Wales, tlie lower ineloung water part fide place or kev part. Stubham, Yorkf, the lower fide fpring part vale (iriiome. Stuecia or Iftwyth, S-Wales, the !ower fide fpring Avr.tc. Studley, War. Wilts, a place at the lower fide fpring or a llation place. Sturbridge, Camb. Wore, the lower fide fprir.g water bridge. Stutfall Caflle or 1-emanis, Kent, a cadie at the lever fide water place or the water place on the fur- round.ing water part or h;iven or the German part. Hcr.ce Stal.le, (landing place ; Stack, Stag, iStage and Stagnate, co- wnr.g the lower part ; Staid, Standing, Stain, in the lower p;.-t ; St".i", the io'ver part hi_h or vip ; Stake, tlic lower ii]- ciofin'; w'-'ter ; St;de, a flniding water place ; Stall:, tlve Icv/cr oi- u'.''c w.'.tcr p'rce confinco ; Stamp, the loot about the iower pa 't ; St.r.v.'ii, ;landi:ig on the ii-.cloiing water confine? ; St.md, o' i'.2 end ; Stanr.^rv, on tlie lov.'cr coafl country ; Staple, the f •.-. '■ V lo.vcr eoafl ilaiiding or ila'ion place ; Star, th,.; ih-nding fire, Starcii, (landing on the ijU'lofing Avatcr confines: Star C'iv::":bcr, the flate ep,arr.her; Star;-, u]-.;):; a Uand ; Stark, fi,,;;d- i:"i.- on t;;e inc'ofinn water; S"::;:;;r:, ff.mding on tlu: :;:-.': ung v-:J'^'r p'aee. Start, Uandiii"^ (M i'lc watt'r ii'.le : StiirNC, ;iie on a ;S-.;ul ; State, ;lie iiandio;^ fire pai ; or ]Tod':ih.i!i ; 'M;:'i::e, t'.e ^taeeing Kliige; Mav, ^i'e irand ; St-ad, the iL:.\Mv. ■ ■ )r 1: 'rion p::rt or water Jian: ; ^ic^k, a ii ie r:.."t iv yA) ; ": "■ ■ ■- lev the water place iide ; ^ :e';:i, I'eri'.Nev'ing '! .■ '' ■,■ ; S-;;e:i, at the lo\\ er iide or li\;; ^ Ste...i, l!- i';\vc: l' r ]d.:ee; S'':::n, tr.-: io.---.'- i:c; ; '.■•a:;'r pa: t , ^ teer, r i .: 1 v'e ; o.em, ilie jjw .;■ fide ou;\\;r; ^-le:::;!, on ;[.. : [ ■74 ] cloTng water Culc ; Step, from ilandiriiT ', Steril, a ftanciing fpring or flowiiig waltT place cr race •, ^'tv^rliu^:, the loucr country incloiing water, J^!i;;li{!i or iliaiid phiLC, ar.ci thence Sterling reckoning ot n-:enc)' iigniaca l^iig.;;]; curi\:;;c-' ; btcrn, on the waterfulei'tand ; Stew, tiic itandir.g fpring ; ^tewardjthc lower or under houfe warden ; Stick and Stick, bciowthe in- cloilng water coniines ; StiiT, the fde ilo-Aing part; i:tilie, below or under the fide water place ; ttigraa, loeiow the fur- rounding v/ater fuie ; htile, beiow the water place fide j Stii!, on the water place fide 5 StinruLite, at the furrounding v.ater place fide; Sting below the inclolirig v.ater place fide ; Stink, the lower inclofing water confines or br.ck hdc ; Stint, the lower, or leifer inelofing fide ; Stipend, uivdcr the iicad of the houfe or poffeiTions fliare or divifion ; Stir, to tr.e lower fide; Stive, the lower or under tlie fide or k.cufe ; Stole, the fide covering upon ; Stor.iacl-!, the {\dc fnriT,un(:ing confir.rs ; Stone, on the lo^.^er borticr ; SJlcgI, the fiiLir.g pla.ce ; Stop, tlie Handing or lower border part ; Store, on the lov\er border or covering ; Storm, the lower border furror;ndi'.ig water ; Story, on the low er border; Stove, the Icifer co-, jrinz pirt ; Stout, tlie fide fpring water Handing part ; y--io-A'^ the border or inelofing water fide or flation ; Straight and Strict, the water part confines ; Strain, tne h.i.";r inelofing \\-ater part. Strand and Strange, on the v,-ater part fide bank oi- iirect, as on the Thames znd the fca (liore ; Strap, the letrcr fide fpring v.-ater part", Stratum, Straw and Strov,', below or under llic fp;ingi!:g part; Stiav, belov\' the udc v.-ater ; Streak, the fide ^vy ri\ers into comots or cantor.n, A»l..;fe irlLUu- grations leem to have becii from Spaiii to the \ ilia'a. a.ur.g tke lea fide, gradually cxicnding tl.eir boiuu'.udcs -.-'^ ti'L v p; liCccd ed weftwr.rd into Britain andi Ir'^k.nd tlu'ough ,\ .:ic?, wiicr.; fome ot thofe Cumbri rernriii t(. this ci.iv, in.'^rn ;:-.,:\l \,:il\ c- thers of tiie C.,rac origin Ironi iJrtinv.irk, C,'...-i ^ariv, Gaul, Dahnatia, Northumberland, CunwKrk.nd and cher placv-. Sumerlord or Cumenortl, Wilt,,, tr.e ivie Ip.i.ig ir.cre, v.'a.v, (jr ford, or t!ie Cunieri e-r C-.yomb^,' v:;y (.v r.r.gratioii i;i eomc' i on the river fides, ban.i.a!-. ;;(.;, Dia". ea C. l Ivwrr incloib; ; Ipring water part lank '^de, !a:d, p; fij'lio-;. or eon:;^.'. bunici of Belgie CJaul, en Ll-e lower inL!;;;;.^g 'piiiig ccn.:i,.-.i. i>uinng or Suuingweil, ikrk-, (n t:;e :t\cl::'}:]v. Ipring v.-:,: r fide or dweliin-> pla^e. Ibir-'lc^;, K-bum. c^n " '■„ fid,' .p, i:;g w.iier luv,-er iule. t:ui'iv, on ir Iclow ihe n..e )p;>:;g. Me-, N-V\'a'e^ the lower [:■!: f-ring. Sim'jv, l lower water c niniC', or n> a .!.(,< :^ba■y len- ■ lov/er water ix':': (cnfi.,e.; e. ::.!■.: be:;:g rbv; ;.); i<_-. oi ^fiiic eLainr. le-.. Tvfijit;!?, heot. the i(!Wi.r :pii::g WaUa- b, ;ik n.ie. try, or she ndd.lle oi divi:.on .varr;- coi!:. Si;;! ten, i.iae, X'.tt. ai>d v;.;-il/U; ...i; ,: ur.s, a io\ e :1 L; : u; i'. J Ol' ill ..I .J ,i I'j^ .1 e [ '76 ] cr fprlng or river fulc. Suevi, the fpring fide dvveliinos. Hence Suafive, the lower fpring fide dweMing; Subdivide, the fide or lower fpring part divillon or leiler parts; Subdue, from the fide or lower diviiion fpring part; Subjoin, the fide or lower fpring part go in ; Sublime, the lower border fpring wa- ter place, palace, or leet , Submerge, the fide fpring furround- ing the water confines ; Submit, below or under the furround- ing fpring fide or country ; Subordinate, belo\t' or under the fide fpring part circle; Subfide, the lower fpring partlide; Subfidy, the fpring fide or confines part; Subftance, under the fpring part ; Succeed or Succefs, at the lower fpring con- fines ; Succulent, the lower fpring confines bank fide ; Such and Suck, the fide fpring water confines ; Sudden, below the lower fpring water fide ; Sue, the fide fpring; Suffer, the fide fpring water part or ordeal; Sufllce, the fide fprinj wat(;r part flowing; Suffocate, the furrounding fpring part flmt; Suf- frage, on the incloiing fpring water part or country; Sugar, fpring inclofing water; Suit, at the fide fpring; Sullen on the fide fpring bank. Sully, on the fpring fide place; Sultry, the part on the fpring or fouth fide ; Sum, tlic furrounding fpring fide; Summer, the furrounding fpring, or chief fire or hot di- vifion part; Summon, on the furrounding- fprin2: part; Sump- tuous, on the furroundina; fpring part fi'.Ie; Sun, the fpring one, or on the furrounding fpring one; Sup and Supper, tlie fide fpring water part; Superfine, the fide faring water pa' t confines; Superfluous, the fide fpring water part flowing the fides; Supple, the fide fpring place; Supplement, the inclo- fing fpring water place fide part; Supply, the fide fpring part water place ; Support, the fide fpring furrountling part ; Sup- pofe, below the fide fpring furrouin'ing part ; bupprel-, be- low the fide fpring water part; Supreme, over the iuL ir-ring water furrounding part or coimtry ; Sure, on the l\dc ipiing ; Surety, on the fide ferine fide, tyc, poll-flion, orpropcriv; Surge, the fide f'pring v/ater co!uincs; Surly, on the fide fpring water place; Surmount, the lower fi'^ring wafer, on the furrounding water part; Surname, the fide fprinj>; water oi- country name; Surpafs, th.: part below the fpring water iide, or tlie river paffage ; Surrender, on tire lide fp; ir,g v.-atcr j::!rr ; Sur- round, the fide firing water round; Survey, liie ndc :pi i:'g water view; Sufpend and Sufi ence, the h'lc i']^ti[\::!; he'''.v the end part or fide ; Suitain, the part belovs^ che fpiia^; lu'e; due- ler, on the fide fpring v/ater pa't. SwAFFHAM, Ne>rf. the fide fprin.g water part vale o: home. Swafton, Line, the fidte fpring water part town. Sv\auie T'dote, on the fidie fpring meeting. Swale, Kent, Yorki. [he iydc i.Ml.g [ 17? ] fjjnh'^ Water p'aoe. Swallow, Surry, hdow tlie fn'p: f; nng water place. Swanefcombe, Iveiit, on tlie fidt fprin^j \v;;.;:r fuie or lowtT a;'.1c. Swanpolc, Line on the (K.le li'-ing waicr y.oUi. or fiurounded waf-er place; SiAanefwelipo'c, War. the ii;clo- fnigfpring water Tele, I'prin^ water place, or well po'e Swa'.i- fey or Abcrtau, S-Wale;:', the fi.ie in in^ on t!;e lea, or the Iprini^ coad water part or harbour. SwiF^, l.eic. the leher fide flowing f;.rin.% Swinborn, N-hum. the nei^'hbourhood on the inelolinc: fp'iep;. Swiiiton, Yoikl. a town on the fule fprinij;. Sw;)rnn, Kent, the file fring water furroiindin? parts. Swor.ili::!-!, Corn, a dwelling place on tlie lide fprin<:!;. Hence Swab, tlie fiJe fprin;^ water p.-rt; Sv/a;if;cr, the fide fpring water conilncs; Swain, 0:1 tlie Ins sncMitie or a youth ; Swallow, Swamp, and Swan, on the i\dc Ipring ot water or animal; Swap, the fic\c fpring water part; iS.^ard, the low fpiings on tlie iide or tlie iaita;e; Svvarra, the fmall furround- ing fprings of animals ; Swarthy, the foMthern country iide 5 Swafh, be'ow the fide f,;iing; Sway, the fide ipring water; Sv/ear, on the nde fpring ; Sneat, at tlic iidie fpring, Svv^enj the f.Je fnri'v:: pa't; Sweet, at the fde fpring ; Swell, the fide fpring en the water place or lea; Swcrd, the fdie frrin: A'/atcr iide; Swlt'r, Swig, and Swid, the fide 2-_ring en the water p'ace ; bwini, d.e iidecr t!ie lowci iurroi'nding fnin-' ; S.-inc, below the ine:o:i;ig Ipring ; S^^ itc'i, the hdia ni; ing at the wa- ter eoniinesj Swivel, the fide Ip-in r w^;] ; :-;w;>r(!, the lui- rounding or edge fprin z water part ; S\^fan, one :!ic: Inrri-and- ing fpring ;:a!t; Syllable, on the cad or inefMin:-; or ud;'! wa- ter place or lirs; v-vmbnl, oi^ the ddc dnrevni '.:^g; iprin : n;tfr Symmetry, tlie fide iurronnding Inrin- ^^•;■v: p.e" f :",, cH- vilions or meafere; Synip:;tev, ;:t or ;;■ n';n - d: .; rdc inrmu-id- ing fpring p:nt ; Svnofi, tovc;.;.er ;:i tac eirele : Svli;:ni, the fide furroundiiig ipring dde, [-ro; eide->j podcihuns, des, du- ties, bonds, <^i C'un. JV-von, \' ai,-s, Yo'dd. S-'Ot. ai^-i c/h.r , a:ts. f^gdiding the fu';- ( n\ crdig -dvihrti or border fprln'j, or flowing v.'.it'a- part ( : '.::cv. d ai'VouTou-j Norf the loA';"- fivU' eovedn;* [ 'So ] on tJie covering •\vntcr one. lirncc Teach nnd Tcnj^nc, the fide water CO! 1 fine ^ i'pe<.->.!'; or t'roat iVrJ!?: action; 'J talc, on the i,c!c writer or v<.,.ur r'.;re ; 'i'car, tlic liJe or lace water; Tecift;, b-!cnv tl;:^ !;de v.a-cr; 'I cnt, the l:Jc water covering; Tectonic, covciiT'Oi! a ■■iace of iliel'.cr; Ted, the i^uriace povcrin^j orgi-.iJH, an'l ? iai'py pcrfon ; 'ledious, below the fide ipriny; 'JVe.ii, the ihrroundinij water lidc, or t!ie hav coi'cr- iiig; ! f:c!;:;, wirh:u or bctvtjn the coveri!:;:'^, tcn'^, tye?, or boundaries; 7 eei:i, tiiC tiiviij'in or fide covering; Tegument, covcrin(]f on [Uc i\:rrou;:;din > pari ^ or iides; 7TII, ahove or be- yor; i the co'verjr.g place, the ]!!L',h light covering or the f]:v; 'feleicope, the high light conhnes or iicy thing; 1 empcr, the furroujiciing or cc^'eririg part^ eiih.er of animal feeling, or of the air, or ciiniate of a coiinrrv; Tempeil, the fkv covering the lovv'er part?; Temple, a covered place; i en.roora), on the funounding circle pai't; d ernpr. at else fnrronnding fide part orcountrv; "l~cn, the inclodng iide or upper coveiing ; 'l"e- uablc, the incloimg or holding place : Tenant, ahold on the v;de, under or beic.v; Tcjid, at or under the inelohng fide; Tender, tbiC inclonng water part ; '1 endon. under the upper covering; Tenet, holding at; Tennis, 0:1 the covcrin.g fide; 'I'enour, the circle holding or its contenc^ ; Tenfe, below the inciodng fide ; Teiit and Tenth, th ) eo\ ering part ; 'I'cnr.rc, the holdinf ufa ^e ; 'i'r;.id, ai; the f;v nar^ ; 'l ercc, the fide ■yvater part conf;i:e"; Term, the lutrotmdhig water fide or cquiitry divincn; Terivery, tl;e C(JuntrY incli^irng water part of three parts or iid^s; 'i'errace, on the v.atcr part fide ; Terrible, on the fide water place ; Tcriian, en tite third di\ihon ; Tef- felbitcd, a covermg on the lower place- iide or ground pa'-t ; Tef!:, the lower c<'-\Q:n:'^ fide or boundary ; ! eh..te, covcri;:g theeilate; Teilii'v, the lower cove; ing fide i;art t^- dneovering; ■JVte and Tether, a cncui^i pa'-t; Tew, ti.e c^'- einig n.ie or lx>ir;d>ry Ipring; dVec, the oeti'de covering; I'evture, the ciitfid(; c:-v:. li'.'Z id? '•'. Tharlki-m '-;;.:>, IJerN, on t^e covering water niacc dwel- ling place. l h; ! ietli; :-p, Vorhfi t!"'e cvAv-rirv' or borc^'r jd:i(.e wa^^r g-;te ;>art. 'I'I.e .^'^ KiV. the •: ;-.e;i:"g wrter fide or iht- ti(^?!. TJielwail, (died (■ ; t!ie eowdi.-e or ['Tuer inring wa- Uir place, 'i belly (a- i hed^fied, \;u:. . u tne c.a ;;'dng water pia':e, Mt wav, or na'h dhe'dy.l, Mc!!.,-', tii.; covering or 1) irder- ^'Oiter j^daee fide, d !;• ocu-., tlie e;)\ c : in ;■ 'pring -water 0-: oe\e'"n ehiei:.dn. '1 b' -'> !erd-, idog (n tl^e (>iirogot;;S, the Icing el tae water itoule^. i ne eeiantiiv;, Ci;n'd)Cene's lather, the cov -ring Ipring nai r fide er ie:\en, t:r 'dun":anum, Cuno- beiin being liie chid oi the inclodrg water place or the 'Ifi.mes. i >8' ] Thames. Thct r.nd Thctford, NoiT. the fide or covering -ra- ter part, and its way or ford. Thiniie, on the covering. 'I'hiricllon, Scot, below the fide water 4 lace. Thircwall, N-iuim. the fide fpring water place or wall. Thiftleworth, Midd. the fide incloiing water place iUand fide. Thokc, Norf. the covering' or border water chief. 1 hone, Som. the border or fule inciofiji^^ fpring. 'i iioncafter or 'i'hongcalile, Norf. 8alop, a callJe oti the border or inclofing fpring water place. '1 hor, Oil the border water man. 1 horgate, the border wa- ter gate. ThoreJbv, by the border water fide. Thornburv, G'oc. a burrow on the borJ.er water. Thornlaw, on the fpring waler place boriler. Thornton, \orkl. Bucks, a town en the b;;rdcr water. Thorp, the border water gate part. 'J hraee, the lower border or country. '1 hrapfton or Throp- ilon, N-ham. the border water part gate or town. Thrulk, Yorkf. the lide fpring lower water, "^i hule, Idiyle, or Thole, tiie fide or border water place, and in a lecondary fcnfc a dark place. Ihurkill, a chief on the water border. Thurland, j^anc. the border water part, bank fide or country. '] hurles. Ire. the border fpring water place fide or lower place. 1 hurfo, iScot. the fea water border. Thyrn, the fide inclofing water. Hence Than and Thane, on the covering, furrounding, or preferred part ; Thank, a thane action ; That, the part or thing, or the covering o; fky pa;t ; Thatch, the covering of an inclo- fed place; 'ihaw, the furrounding fpring ; The, a part, fide or divifion of a man or a thing; Theatre, the covering or boun- dary water part fide; Thee, the or fide 1 or man; Theft and Tdiief, from the fide, houfe or poffdlions ; Idieir, the fides or a man's property; 'J hem, the fide lurrouitding men ; 'J'heme, on the furrounding coafl ; 'Ihen, the in or the part or fide in ; '1 hence, below the part in ; There, the part u.on the cover- ing; Thereabout, about the part upon; Thereat, at the part u}ion; Therefore, the part up<;n beioie; Thereupon, upon the covering part; 'J'herewilival, the part upon or covering part on the fpring lide ; Tliefe, the lo-^.vcr fides or things on the fur- face; Tiiey, the fiile men; Thick, the fide water confines; "Jhigh, the water fides; Ti;!!!, on the fides; Thimble, fur- rouuviiiig the fide place; Thiiie, man's incloled isdc, pofiefiion, property, or qualitv; Think, a man's internal or inf-de action ; Thing, an inclofing iide, a part, or v;hat is, exiiij, is poflefled, or is contained within the terrcih.d or any pafticidar limits; Third, the fide water parts or divinuns, being the water and its fides; Thirl or Thrill, the fidie water place, which pierces or perforates; Thiril;, below the w;.ter fide part; Tiurteen, three on ten, tie or inclofing fides; I iarty, three water ties; 4. This, [ l82 ] This, the fide; Thi'ftle, covering the lower place or furfacc* Thither, on the fide part ; Thitherto, to the iide part or bor- der; Though, the lurrounding border or circle •, Thong, the furroundJDg or inclofmg border, as an ifland or continent ; Thorai, en the covering part or border ; Thorn, on the Tur- icunding border by way ot ience ; Thorough, the border wa- ter gate; Thofe, the border fide; Ihou, the hdc man; Thought, man's a£ling property ; Thoufand, the lower bor- der part, or fand ; Thowl, the border fpring water place ; Thrall, on the fide water place ; Thraldom, on the fide water place dome ; Thrafh, covering the lower or feed part ; Thread, covering the fides ; Threat, at the covering water fide ; Three, the fide water ; Thrice, three fides ; Thrift or Thrive, covering or inclofmg the fide part or boundary; Throat, the furrounding gate, or through the fule ; Throb, the furround- tng fpring part ; Three, the furrounding water place or gate ; Throne, on the furrounding water fide or country ; Throng, in the furrounding border; Through, the furrounding fide water sate ; Throw, the furrounding fide water fpring ; Thrum, the fide fpring water part dumb, mute or dead ; Thruft, the fide fpring water part to the lower fide , Thumb, and Thump, the fide ^ring part ; Thunder, in thehi.h fule fpring part; Thuri- ferous, the furrounding fpring parts ; Thurfday, the furrounding fpring water gate, or 'Ihor divifion or day ; I'hus, the lower Iide or face of the earth fprings of all forts; Thwack, the fide fpring aclion ; Thv>'art, at the fide fpring water; Thy, the roan's fide or \ra.vt ; Thyme, the fur-rounding parts or fides. TisuRY, Hants, the fde fpring water part or burrow. Tickenbaii, Wore, the inclofin^ water place fide, high wa- ter place or hall. 'f'ichho:n and Tichfield, Hants, the upper fide neighbourhood or dwc'ling p'acc. 'lichmerfli, the water fide marlh or meres. T ilaus, Wales, the fide fpring water place fide. Tilbury, Hants, on the lide fprin' water part. Till and Tillerfley, N-hum. L.nic. on the {'ule water p'ace or lower thereon. Tiliinghani, Ld". a vale or home on the inclofing water place fide. 1 iiulale, N-hurn. te Tine vale. Tiningham, Scot, a vale on the im:!o;-.ni w.itc. fide. T in- tagil. Corn, the coail on the inc!o;*n . wiuer plac- fuie. Tin- tern, Ire. on the inclohng water part luic. Tio-vu: iingacelter, Nott. the fide fpring water place e;;;;-e caliic, or cicv. Ti- perarv. Ire. on the water part fide country. 'i^:.... Tv-hum. on the upper hdc part. T ir cr lira, ^^'alcs. .vr.. :;.c water fule-;, (iivifione, parts, or ponl-iri(?ns. T ::.i.:.ov, J^e. the fpring water place hiic^, or po^ieiiifuis. " ir e.,r.:.e. or Don- I'C gal5liv. the in.;lofing water place fides or -K.icil-jas. or ..,:; the :.. -iinK I 1S3 ] Englifh, Welfh, or Gaulifii borders polTeflions. TJr Ocn or Owen, Ire. the water or Spring water circle poflcffions or country. Tirvolac, Toticlan, or Ireland, the inclofing water place country, or a country on the lower water border, or Da- nifti or Britifh pofleflions, and the water land. Tir-whit, the fpring fide country. Tifdale, the lower fide vale. Tiverton, Devon, the hde or divifion fpring town. Tixal, Staff, on the fide water. Hence Tiara, on the fides, pofleflions, or coun- try; Tice, the lower or female fide J Tick, covering the fide; Ticket, at the fide water confines; Tid, Tiddle, Tide, Tidily, Tidings, and Tidy, on the fide water place; Tic, the fide wa- ter, which both divides and ties countries, as well as perfons and nations; Tier, on the fide or row; 'Tiff, from the fide; Tiger, the border water fide or forcfi: ; 'I ight, the inclofing water fide part; Tike, covering or keeping the fides or pof- felfions ; Tile, the covering place ; Till, the fide fpring wa- ter place, or whilfl it flows ; Tillage, on the fide water place edge, which at firft: was digging; 'J'ilt, the fide water place covering; limber, the fide furrounding part; Time, the part or fide furrounding; Timid, at the furrounding fide ; Tin, on the fide or covering ; Tip, the fide part; Tippet, at the fide part ; Tipple, at the water place fide ; TipftafF, the fide part flafi"; Tire, on the fide ; Tit, at the fide ; Tithe, the fide or tenth fhare or part of the prince or governor, who at firfl were Druids or patriarchs ; Title, the fide water place, meres, or boundaries, as thofe of Jacob and Laban, which with pofiefllon and general confent, on taking poUefTic^i of vacant countries were the original title, though ri^ht feems to be derived from the will of the Creator and fupreme difpofer of ail good things. Toe ESTER, Touccflcr, or Trepontc, Bucks, the border fpring city or furrounding water parts, diflri(Sls, or wapon- taches. Todington, Gioc. a to\An on the water border fide. Toghs, Ire. w atcr inclofing confines or iflands, as that of the Ifceni or hafl Angles and Trinobantes, formed by the fea and Thames. I'ogoduninus, the border chieftain on the furround- ing fpring part or the i hames, of" the Ifceni or Trinobantes. 7'okenham, Wilts, a vale on the inclofing water fide. Toli- atis, Geniad or iShcpey ifland, Kent, at the covering water place fide lower pait or ifland, on the inclofing water place fide, or the ifland or lower part. Tollevdla, Yorkf the bor- der or covering fpring water place or village, or the toll place village or dwelling. Tong, Toang, and Tongley, Salop, the Angles, Knglilh, or inclofing water place border. Top- clifl", Yorkf. the fide water place border part. Topfliam, Devon, [ .84 ] JDevoni the bordef water part fide vale TorbaV, Devon, (lit 87 ] of the Tp Ing water part or tlie fide fpring wanting ; Truce, the fide fpring water inclofcd, lowered or fliut ; Truck, the fide i'pring water confines or action ; Trudge, the fide fpring water edge or acftion ; True or Truth, the fide or furrounding fpring ; Trull, on the fide fpring water place ; Trumpet, the fide fur- rounding fpring or hollow part , Trundle, on the inclofing fpring water place fiuej Truft, at the fide fpring water part fide J Try, at the fide water part. TucHET, Wilts, at the fide fpring water confines Tuch- wlc, Oxon. the fide fpring water confines, fortification or flreet. Tudenham, Gloc. the vale or foreft helow the fide fpring water. Tuddington, Bedf. a town on or below the fide fprins water part. Tuifco or Tywifog, the fide fpring water confines leader, chieftain or prince. Tulibardin, Scot, on the fide faring water place part fide or the bard family or tribe. Tulket, Lane, at the fide fpring water place confines. Tu- muli, the furrounding fpring water place fides, tombs or bar- rows. Tunbridgc, Kent, a bridge on the fide fpring water. Tungri, Cumb. on the fide fpring water confines part. Tuno- cellum or Tinmouth, N-hum. the fide fpring water on the fur- rounding or fait water place or the Tine mouth. Turberville, the fide fpring water pa;t (hvclling place or viilajie. Turbery, the fide fpring water part or boggy places left undraincd for the defence of the borders. Turditania, Spain, below the fide fpring water p.ut. Turlogh, Ire. the fide fpring water lake. Turrnan or Truman, the fide fpring water part. Turthill Fields, Midd. fields at the fide fpring water part or dunghill fields. Turton, Lane, the fide fp:ing water border or town. Tutefbury, Staff, a burrow below the hdc fpring water. Tux- ford, Nott. the fide fpring water confines way or ford. Tweede, N-hum. the fide fpring water part. 7\veedefdale, the Tweede fide vale. Twift, the fide fpring water lower fide. Turford, N-hum. the fide fpring water way or ford. Tuomond, Ire. on the fu rounding fpring water fide. Hence Tub and Tube, the fide fpring water part ; Tuck, the fide fpring water con- fines ; 'I uefday, the fide fprint's day or divifion ; Tuft, at the fide fpring pait ; Tug, the fide fpring water confines or aftioHi Tuition, on the fide fpring fide ; I'ulip, the fpring water place fides or two lips or parts ; Tumble, the furrounding fpring water place fide; Tumefy, the furrounding fpring part; Tump, the furrounding fp'ing fide part ; Tumult, at the fur- rounding fpring water place fide ; 1 un and Tunc, on the fide fpring ; Tunick, on the fide fpring covering -, Tup, the fide fpring part ; Turbary, the fide fpring v/ater part or common i Turbulent, the fide fpring water part bank ; Turd and Turf, B b 2 at [ i88 ] at the fpring water part or fide ; T'urmoil, the fun cundirg fpring water plv.ce ; Turn or Tourn, 0!i the border fpring water part or the earl's or {hedff'staurn in the county; 1 urret,atthef)defpring water part ; Tiifri, below or the lower hde fpring; Tutelar, on the fide fpring water place fde ; 7 utor, at the fide fpring plan ; Tux, the lide faring water confines ; Twain and Tway, the fides of the incloiing fpring water ; Tweedle, at the fide fpring .water place; Tuelfth and Twelve, two above the fids part or border; Tye. the fides or ten parts ; 7"wenty, two tyes in or tens ; Tw'g, the fide fpring growth ; Twilight, two lights ; Twin, two in ; Twnrl, the (;de fpring water place ; Twixt, the fides of the inclofing fpring water. Two, the furrounding fpring water fides, un oir one being tlie fpring, and three the inclofing fpring and its fides ; Tye, the fide pcf- ffffion or property; Type, the tye part, letter or emblem of a thing ^ Tyranny, the fide water border or country divifions, and in a fccondary fcnf^, a cruel lord, governor or prince or an ufurper; TyKvith, the nde fpring water p'ace fide, houfe, pof- feffion, tiibe or family. Vaccarii, Eercarii O' Hull, Yorkf the fpring warer or water part confines, borders or cities. Vacomagi or Murrey, 5>cot. the furrounding fpring water confines or vale or vale na- tion. Vadinion, Sect, the furrounding fpring water fide ipountain or Loniond laice. Vaenor, Wales, the inclofing fpring water border or a vale. Vagniaccse or Maidfton, Kent, on the inclofing or fide fpring water confines or town. \'a!e or Fale, Corn, a fpring water place or a vale- Vale or Falmouth, its rhoutiu X'^allum, a furrounding fpring water place, a ditch or a wall Valentia, on the fpring water place bank or wall fide or the name of the Roman province on Hadrian's wall. Valefii, the fpring water place or vale fides or the Welfh or Gauls. Valtort, Corn. Devon, the fpnng water place border fide. Valvafor, Yorkf the fpring water place fide man, fervant or vafTal. Vandal or Wentai, Surry, the Wenta or the in- clofing fpring Avatcr place coafts or vales. Vandalbi^ia, Camb. the Wenta, Vencti or Vandal water parts or the fpring coafl:- in^ water places ; the Wenta, Vencti, Vencdi and Vandales being only difiercnt names of the fame people of Gaul, Britain, I^nly, Mecklenburgh, Brandenburgh, Fome/ania, Livonia, Lithuania, and other parts of Poland, Germany and Den- mark, who were very confiderable tribes of the Cumberi of car, on the inclofing fpring water border flireet or village ; Vice, a leiTer or fecond on the fpring fide or below the fame ; Vicinity, the inclofing fpring water confines fide; Vidlim, on the furrounding fpring water confines; Victor, the fpiing water border man ; Vi£lualler, on the inclofing fpring water place man ; Vie, the fpring ; View, the fpring of man or animal; Vigil, on the inclofing fpring water fide; Vigour, man's fpring ; Vile, the fpring water or dwelling place ; Vil- lain, on the fpring water place bank, village, or dwelling place; Vindicate, keeping the inclofing fpring fide ; Vine, the fpring one ; Violate, at the furrounding fpring water place; Viper, the fpringing or (tinging part or thing ; Virgin, in the fpring or beginning ; Virtue, the fpring fide ; Virus, fptinging from below ; Vifage. Vilk, the fide or fight fpring ; Vital, on the fpring fide ; Vivid, a lively fpring ; Vixen, the inclofing or (hut fpring water confines one. Ulco.md, Kent, the fpring water place vale. Uleigh, Gioc. the inclofing fpiing water place. Uleftanton, Salop, below the fide fpring water place confines or town. Uliarus, the fide or lower water place country, or an iiland. UUef- water, W-mor. the fide fpring water place. Ulmetum, Yorkf. the furrounding fpring water place fiile. Ulfter, Ire. the fpring w.iter place fide part. Hence Ulcer, fpringing place on the fide; Ultimate, at the furrounding fpring water place; Ultramarine, the furroundin i fprin^ water place or fea fide. UiviFRAN viLF.F, Hcrt. Salop, N-hum. a village on the fur- rounding Ipring water part. Umbria, or Chunibria, Italy, the furrounding [ 192 ] liirrounding fpr'rig water part or vale country. Hence IT no- bles, the furrounding or border I'pring water place* ; Umbrage, the lurrounding fp'ing water part edr>x or aclion ; IJrppire, o\er or on the lurrounding fprin-' water part Uneslaw, llerts, the inclofing fp'ing fide fpring water place. Una or Sus, a river of Mauritania, the fide or iiicloling fpr ng. Undalu'.n, Gaul, the inclofing fpring fitle water place or vale. Hence Unckle, one inclofing fpring water place or of the fame country or family •, Unction, on the inclofing fpring fide; under, the inclofing fpring water part; under- iland, the inclofmg fpring water part ftanding ; Undertake, the inclofing fpring water pa^t coad keeping ; Unicorn, one born ; Union, Unit, Unite, and Unity, the inclofing fpring water which was but one ; Untl or untie, the inclofing fpriir' border or covering, and unprefixed, unable, x]na£li\e, unfeh, wnfit, unguard, unlace, ungird, untangle, unwife, and various other words, as being fl-iut up or an inclofed fpring jignify a negative or privative. VoDiJE or Oudi'ai, Ire. the furroundlng fpring fides or pof- fefbons. Voelas, Wa'es, the furrounding fpring water place fide or green hill. Volantium, Cumb. the furrounding fpring bank fide. Vol aba, Corn, the furroandin;]: fpring water place part or vale. Hence Vocal or the furrounding fpring water place, cheeks or mouth ; Vocation, on the furrounding fpring v/ater fide ; Vogue, the furrounding fpring confines ; Void, the furrounding fpring fide ; Voice, the furrounding fpring of found ; Vollant, the fpring on the high fide ; Volition, the light divifion fpring ; Volley, on the fpring water place ; Vo- luptuous, the fu- rounding fpring water place or belly fide} Vomit, the furrounding fide fpringing up ; Vortex, the in- clofing or border fpring water confines ; Vote, at the fur- rounding fpring water ; Vouch, the furrounding fpring water confines or acl ; \ o\v, the furrounding Ipring oath or woe ; Vowel, on the furrounding fpring water place ; V'^oyage, the furrounding fpring or water edge or action. Uph.aven, Wilts, the Avon or river fpring or upper part. Uppiniihani, Rut. the inclofing fpring or upper water [)ait or vale. Upton, VVorc. N-ham. on the bonier fpring part, or the fpring part town. Hence Up, the ft^rin;.^ part, which is its upper part; Upon, the fpring part on ; Upper, the fpring water part ; Uppcrmoft, the fpring watec part furrounding the lower fide ; Upfide, the fpiing part fide or bank, wdiich is the, upper part; Upward, the ipring at the (ule water which liles up from below, and as it increafes in the ma n river grows highcr. Ure [ ^93 ] .XJre, Yoikr, the fp'Injjf water. Urefby, Litic. the fpring Water fide part or -habitotion. Uriconium, Wicckeil, or Wroxeftcr, Salop, the incionnir fpring walef part. Urmlicti, Lane, the furrounding ip'Ing fide town, llcncc Urbanityj the city part ; Urchin, fi^ in in;i one; U;qc, the Ip ing e;'gc ; Urine, the inner or inclorina; fpring water or in man ; Urn, the Ipring water, or man's inclofurc or fliut UsHAN'T, (Ml the lower fiue Ufk, Wyftc, or Burriunn, S-VValfs, the lower or il-Je fpi iiig water. Uiocona or Okezi- yate, Salop, the lo ver or ineloling {'^)riuz ddc or gate. Ufi- pii, Germany, tiie Jowci or fide fpiing p.-i-its. Ilenee Us, tiie fprin!:s cf n;en ; L'lagc, the atiior-S of th.ofe f];rings or men } iJCc, the fpring fide j Ufutp, on the fp;ing water fide partj Uiury, the life in-n. U'rBu:'<'io\v, the fpring fide burrow. Utocelum or Utok- ccfler, l-.t-iV.'. ihc ineiof.ii.a' M-^ing water fide bord'.r or city. Uthrcd, at the fpring fide part. V'.iedal and Vu'fa'd, the f'..'r:r.g fide v.-ater [daee or vale part. I.'xbrithie, A'lidd. the in.- clofing fpririg water cor. fines b, i.!ge. Uxclloviunum, Ur:d]a, or ].eih.it!lie'^ Co:n. S');n, t!;e i::clofing Ipring water place fide or hill. Vv;;i\vy or \''-yn.vy, Vv'";il'j'3, tl-e ir.elofinw fciing water pa: c or id']. UzclJimi or Liiiei, iSt;ct. the fide or lower fpring water p; 'ce. iience Ul',:ni;l, belov/ ti:e f])ring water place fi vie j (Jterii;.:, the inelolhii; foi ijig v/ater part ; Utility, the firing ">.vaicr place iide, jjoficiTiuiis, or property ; Utmo'l, the fidiC or lo-Aer I'.'.rroui'.viiiig water p.irts or c.;aits ; utter, the fide fprin'; p.'.rt ; \'ulg:,r, d\>-ed'.rs in viiia-es, cr on ti;e iii' clofing fpring WL^tor jdaeei ; Uxi.ri;us, the inelofirig fpri:>g water coniiiiey mail. Wabuidge, Wad.hiddgc, or Warhridgc. Corn. Plimt. the fide 1,-ring '^ater bndge. AVaehondale, Scot, the inclo- fmg fpring v-it.'.-r p.Mt vaI-. Wahid, (^dii, or WocKiliilj. Bedf. the iiirrr'amhng ipring \%.va 'a" ]i] u.e or wail brooK. AValcot, Line, the fpring v.T.ter plaee i (.,aL. "Wa]dt,'rave, the fprinc; water place fide warde;:. Wale, Walco, Vales, A\'aley, m Weil Britain, 1 ori-:!. !.ane. Cjcrniany, hgniiv, t'le vales or ipring; or lower w.Uer jdaee Is^e,., a, Saxon Canllation o! L'umbri, the va'e B:itoii.\ but A'^a'cs, tid l-ing lna\ liin-;, Irom Beri in Cnr.Dii, went by liic iiame of Iddnte air.or.g.-. the S.;xcns, be- ing conilJcred as didin-.t [Kopie, as l.in.din'.en aire leamrn. 'I p.e jirei<]!t. Weld", or (i nliln iui.f :^. who anujiigl't t'lcm- fdvcs go by the nzrac of Cundni, oi' v/ivem tb.e i'dite;atc know '-.. e not [ 194- ] not to this day that ttiey go by any other riame in other coun* tries, are probably Gauliih or Engliih colonies, grafted on the Aboriginal Britons, according to the very import of the name Cumbcri, and their names of perfons and places; though their paffage over the Er:gIiQi channel, as well as the other inhabi- tants of the wcilern pa.ti, niight perhaps have been fome^vhat fooner than ofthofo on the caft fide of the ifland ; and whatever (lifFcreiiCC there may now appear betAixt their dialects in the compcun:!, they 111 i appea- to be in the abftracl the fame, and to be of thofe dia'ccls, which had their rife chiefly in this iiland, as appears by the principles of their conftru£tion, and names of perfons and places. And though fom.e hiflorians pretend that the Welib wc-s expelled England by the Saxons, there arc provihons made by the laws of the f^vcral Saxon hep- tarchies, for the proteclion of the life of 'VVelflimen or land- men, as well as Saxons or feamen, and confequently for their protection in the country, though the lines diifer in va'ue, as the Saxons or feamen, v/ho ccnlidcred themfelves as beinq; de- rived of the Britiih or Irifli origin, regarded the Welfli or Cum.beii a^ flrangers to them in point of origin. Waicfl^o- , rouvh, AValeton, AValford, Walnect, and Wa'land, Corn. SufF. Dcr. Lane. Herts, Eli'. Kent, a burrow town, ford, f.ood and land or bank fide on the fpring water place. VVal- liuciford, Galleva Attrebafum, Callcva or Galleva, Berks, Oxon, the inclofmg fpring water place, fortl, or way of the Attrebati, or the dlviiion water part fide. AValmer, Kent, the fea water place. "Walsford, Hunt. N-h,am. the furround- ing fpring water place fide, way, or ford. VValney, Lane. the inclofed v/ater p ace. Wallup, the fynv^ v/ater place part. Walpole, Isorf. the fpring water place, pool, or lake. Wal- fin-^ham, Norf. tliC ii-cloiing water place lide, vale, or houfe. Walfal, Sta^T. on the fide or lower fpring uatcr place. V.^al- tham, Efl'. the fide or lower fpring water place, vale, forcfi, or v.'ood. Yv'alwick, N-hum, the fpring water place or wall, ftreet or fortilication. Wanborough, AVandlelhury, AVandf- worth, Wanfditch, V/anftcd, ^Vantage, and Wantlum or Stour, \^"i'ts, Camb. 8i\rry, EfT. Berks, Norf. Kent, a bur- row, af.''ing part, a dit^h, a ilation, an edge and \a'c on the inclolnv-T fp jug water il 'c, or the W'cnta or Veneti borders* Waptntaek, \Vapomache, or Pontes, tl;e inelollng fpring wa- ter part coafl:s, or certain diibicls of Nott. Yorkf Line. Eeic. N h.im. Dcr. and other norther!! counties of the fimie figiiifi- ca'.ion, as h'iivi;eds or chant eds in the more fcuthc n j.-.arts, w!;icri con^nledof theWe!Uaand Brigantes of Tontieu, rrPliny's Britain.', cr Bii^aates of Gaul, Wa.dcn or Waidun, N-ham. on [ ^9S J on the fpring water fide. Wnr.ijur, U'i'ts, the fprin::; wr.ter part gate'or tower. Wnre, "VVcnre, Were, or Vedra, War. Wilts, Herts, Dur- tine furiiig \vat?!r or Ipring wafer part. Waiham, Do f^t, the Spring water vnle or lioir.c. VVaik or Werk, JSom. N-huin. tne fprinj; waier confines. Wark- worth, Dur. N-hum. hy the faring water conjiiiL'^. Wa.rm- ington, VVar. the lurrouiKung fpiing water confines tcr.vn. Warnford, Hants, the inc'cllng Tp.ing waterway or fonl. Wa:ington, I,anc. the inclofing ip'ir.g water town. War- wick or War-in-wic, the inclofinrr I'pihig water ftrect or for- tification. Waflics, Rut. the k)w fprings. Wafiihorn, Wore, the low fprings neighhourhood. Watcrforl, Ire. the fpiing water fide, or part way or forcL V/;.tford, Herts, the fide fpring way or ford. Watlin-ftrect, from Dover to Anglefey, by London, St. A'bans, Dunilabie, Stony Stratford, Tou- celter, Littleborn, or St Gilbert's Hill, &c. the fpnn^ water bank, ftreet, or the pk'.ce oi the migration of tlie elan, land, or Gaulifii race. Wnicllbury, "alor, tlie water place fide bur- row. Watlington, Salon, the inclofing fpring water confines, fide, or bank town, or Watling-fireet town. Wauburn, Norf. on the fpring water part. Wavency, SufF. the faring water cart. Wavcrley. Sury, the fpiing water place. Hence V.'abble, the water place fpring part, or wave; Wad, the fide fpring; Waddle, Wade, Wait, Wage, and Wagglih, the fide fpring water part, place, fide, or confines; Waggon, on the inclofing fpring water; Wail, ofi'the ineiofing or bor- der water ; Wail, the fpring water place ; Wain, the inclo- ffiig fpring or on the fpring; Wait, the fpring fide ; V\'ake, the fpring vi^arcr confines ; Wall:, the Ipring place, o- man in action ; Wall, on the fpring v/ater place, or a bank of turf; Wallop, the fprin ', water place or vale upper pa:t; W amble, the furrounding fprhig water place; Wan, fprin:i in or {hut ; Wand, the inclofing Ipiing pait; V^'niidcr, on the fp ing v.'a- ter part or liver fides, ;een a 1 ttle fooner tlian the eafterns. Vv'caft or vVeit I'-Ican, Hants, the m,idd!e or d.viilon water lower f de. Wcble , Mere. 3 place v,'ith,out a lpri)!g. W^edfburg, hiaif. thiO lov/cr fpring v.-ater orriv-rfide, burrow or dv/eHiiig place. "Wocien on the fl;'eet^ or Bcna Venta, N-ham. the lpr;:;g water town on the ftrettj or W'atling Iheet, or the inc'o. v.g i'ynng or Vcneti parts, from v/heuee ivoith. Wales had thelloman denomination of Vencdctia, the \^eneti boundaries. Wccls, on the water places. "Weeting, Korf. the inelolhig water fide. Wcibford, Ire. thiC water fide or lower way or ford. "^\''e!bec, Nott. the fpring water p'ace brook, or dwelling plr.ee. Wells or I heo- dorodunnm, 8om pollelhons on the i])ring water places. Wel'and, Idnc. Le.e. fiie Ipring water place ba;;k f dc cr ' :nd, Wcl:ip;^;rn, ^)cm. ^;alcp, the inekding Ipring •..•ater place. Watli;:.. llreet, or an hnghtii town. W.m and XVcniis, .^alop, Scot, th.c ■.nr: oe.'uling fprmg and the iuriouiuiing fpring fide, Wenloch, .'■■.'oe, ttic inc'lodng fpring v. ater place Ihut. W cn- iv.an, the inclo,. ng ''.iing, Veneti or Wenta part. Wenmer 01- IVuri CO, I'er'.s, ih.e inelohng Ipring water or \'encti meres. Wknt, W cnta, or Veneti, ti;j incii.eng ipiiii!^ fides, coails, or did iv-ts. VVLn:tci..ie, Krki. tin-iriaie. \V cntlern, Xc/rL their ineljin'.g vv-aicr. Vv ;^riC'.\ ort'i, "x orl«.l their iid^ fpring Water, a:;d Iron-; the 'ewn^d the pufeni i.ngliih dialect in u great me.iime ds : ivvs. its (irijdn. We irth or Worth, the fpring or river oi; ;hr diie, v\hii„h ineieied jnudl parts or larms. Weremuiii, Dur. ti;e ie;ing water or river mouth. Wcrmin- (ler, [ 197 ] ftcr, Wilts, on the furrounrling 'prJ^S "^^'"^'fcr fulc p;;rt, fbition, or^ inniip.ilcry. Weiilan, Devon, below the fpiing water or river iuie. Weil and And veflum, Corn, the lower water fide and on the fide of the lower wa:er fide or wefi;; it h/ein-f the we.leru bounJurv of thie C.dtcs, as liie Ellii of Padlia and Li- vonia, whofe inhaoitants fpoke the Britiui tongue in the days of Tacitus were their eaitern lindts. \',^ellaiorhmd, tiie wef- tern Tea barik Hde, divilion or eoimtry. Weflmindcr, Midd. the lowc water or river \:dc miniler or nionaitery. VVcthcrbv, Yorkf. the fprint;- water pait or habitaiien. Wever and VV'ey, Stall' Chef. Doifet, arnl Murrv, the fpiini:^ water. Wexford, Ire. the fpriui w;iter conhncs, way, or turd. Weymouth, Dorfer, the fprlng or river niontli, or at the furrounding water or lea lide rienee ^■^'^e, the fpriu'^^ or men-, Weak, from a fpiin^j Wealth, th.e fpring water p'ace (ule, poirelTions, or properties ; Wean, fiiutting the ipring water fide, or the breafi:-, Weapon, on the fpring water furrounding part; Wear and Wearv, on the fpring water ; W'ealel, a fmall ani- mal ; Weather, tlie fpring liile or divilions ; W'eave and Web, join:ng to.iether like the fpring water paits or difbricls; Wed, the ficie f'iiini:S to;:etl:er ; \Vcdge, the edge or iidc fpring or ingot ; Wedlock, the fide fpring lock ; Wednefday, be ow the ikle fpring day or divfion ; Weed, the fpring parts j WY'ck, the fpring water confines or action; Ween, in us; Weep, without a f]iring -, Weevil, an evil fpring ; Weft, off the fpriu:^ fide or inelofed part; \V^eight, at the inelofmg fpring water and fea nde, where the flrength and weight of tlie two waters aie diilinguilhed, as that of the Tefl: and fca v/atcr at the Ide ot- Wight, which may derive its name from thence ; Welcome, the furrounding fpring water, or dwelling place or commof. Weld, the fide fpring water place; V'-' el fare, on the f})ring water place part •, Well, a low Ipring water place; VVeit, the iitle fpring water place ; Wen, a fprin-! upon ; Wench and WenehinL';, the ipiing in. or meeting the inclo- fing writer or iea cordineo ; \\'ere and Wert, the ipiing at the water or fea iide ; Wertli, Wrth, and Weorth, a ipring or dweljin'illand and Wiiley, Wore. \Vak>', the fpring water bank fide, land or place. Wittlefmerc, Hunt, at the fide fpring water pl.ice mere. AA ivelcomh, Soni. the fpring water place vale, iiabitation or commot, Wivcrby and 4 Wiverton, [ 20G ] Wn-crton, Nctt. the ipring water part :il-ocIcor rcwu. Ii(n'ice AVick, the inciohng Ipring water confines; Wicket, AVickcr and Wicked, on or at the incloimg ip'ing ^vatcr confines j Wide, the TuJe jpring; Wiiiciw, the iric i'piing, wife or tln^ fp iiig dwelling or bvdng part ; A\'ig, the Tpring wafer conllnes or covering ; Wight, at the incloinig T, ling water confines ; W'ild, the fpring v.'ater phu'e C.dc ; V. i 1, an i'.-ition cr emana* tion or the fpring of light; VVilio-.v, on the fpr;!;g v.-.'.tc p'a e; "Win and Wine the incioung fpring j Yv'it^ce an'.l "\\'iiich, in the incloil ng Ipring water; Wind, the fpring in t'ne lides or air or the furrounding fpring ; Vv'ing, on the fpring ; Wink, a fpring cr aclion on the fide ; Winter, the fpring in part ; Wipe, the fpring part; Wire, tl;c aninial fprin.g water or ni'k ; Wile, the feeing fpiing ; A\'irn, the lower fide or fe- ri.de f[.M-ing ; Wifp, the fprin./ fide part; W id, the f;>nng lower iulcj" Wit and Vrith, at the h'nng or the fide Ipring, nteres or boundarie-!, v.-hich afcercain pcffedVons ; 'sv'itch, the fide fpring water c-rnfiner, ; Vv''id)e, the fide fpring cr f, ring fide; VVidiin, in the fide fpriiig ; Without, out of the fide fpring ; WitncN, tlie fide fp.ir.g in the lower part or bor- der ; Wizard, the icjing fi)rin:; art or on the fide fpiing water iide. "WoRURN' and V/obury, Betlf. Heref. 0!i tiie circle cr fur- roundini^ fo.in'- wa'cr or dwcllins; i art or burrow. VV'ockey Hole, Soni. the ir.clncd ipring water hole. Vv'oden or Bodcn, "Wilts, on t!ic furrM.inding fpring or water fide pa;t vale, man or wa. rioiT. Woilcnfdike, the ditch on the furrci;:uling fpring fide. A\ okcn, Setna, on tlie iiirrouiiding fpring confines let- ting divifion or didricl. Woking, Surry, the fiirroiu.ding fpring water confutes. Yv'oidibury, "Wilts, the furrounding fpring water pla.ce fide or v.dlds dweUing place. Vt'oilatcn, Nott. a town on the fu; rounding fpring water place. Wolo- vcr, N-hum. the fuirounding fpring water place. Wolvey and Wolver-hampton, Oxon, S^aff. the fur.'Ounding fpri;ig water place dwelling or vale part town. Womer, Hert:-, the furrounding fpring water or river. Wondv, Wales, on the inclofing fpi'ir.g lide or coaft of the Wenta. VN'oojbridge, SulT. the furrouridin;:: fpring v,-ater part fide or bridge. Wccd- chefter, (jloc tl^.e lurrocnding fpring fide city, caltic cr Ir.r- tification. Woodcut, Surrv, the furrounding fpiing fide ce:^il. Woodford, Dorfet, the furrounding fpring fide way or fo:d. "^.Vood flock, Oxon, the furrounding^ fpring fide fiation. Woolwich, Kent, the iurioiinding fpring water place llre.-t or fort i fie. it ion. Wootton Gate, Oxon, on the furrounding ii ring fide g.itc. Worcefier or V/igornia, a city on the lurrounddng fprinj vv-ater or the ipriii'-: water bo;der. Woikfvvo.th, Dcr. by [ 201 ] Ijy tlie furrourKlIng fpring water fide. Wormegay or Wrongey, Norf. the furrouiiding fpring water confines. Wormlcigh, War. the furrounding fpring water confines or worm hunting place. Worfley, the furrounding fpring water lower fide or ifland place. Worded, Norf. the furrounding water ftation and worfted. Worth, Surry, GIoc. Staff. Lane, the furround- ing fpring water fide or habitation or by the fide. Wothorp, N-ham. the furrounding fpring gate. VVorthington, Lane, a town on the furrounding fpring water fide or by the border water fide. Wotton, Surry, Staff, the furrounding fpring fide town. Wye, Wales, the fpring or river. Hence Wo, from fpringing or the fpring from ; Woman, the fpring part or from man •, Womb, the furrounding fpiing part of man -, Wonder, the furrounding fpring in things; Woo and Wore, en the furrounding fpring of animals ; Wood, the furrounding or fide fprings -, Wool, the fprings on an aninial or flieep; Word, the divifion fpring of man -, Work, on the furrounding fpring water or border confines ; World, man's fide place or orb ; Wonn, the furrounding animal fprin^is ; Worfe, below or at the furrounding fpring fide ; Worth and Wort, the fiir- round'ng fprin;j or human fides or parts ; Wound, dividing tlift furroundi:ig fpring water fides. WRAYsr{0LM Tower, Lane, the fpring water part fide promontory or ifland tower. Wragby, Line, the inclofing fpring water part or habitation. Wrcch, Wrcke, Wrcken, Wrenoc and Wrex, N-hum. Salop, Wales, on the inclofing fpring water confines or brookes. Writtle, Klf. the fide fpring water place fide. Wrothes, Wrotham and Wrottefley, Kent, the furroimding fpring water fide, vale, place or dwelling place. Wroxceter or Uritonium, Salop, a c.il'Ie or city, on the fur- rounding fpring water part. Wye, Kent, Surry, Gloc. Dcr. Heref. "VVales, the fpring water or a river. Wyr and Wyr- wy. Lane. Wales, the fpring water or water fpring. "W'yth, •tie furrounding fpring of wind or air or the fide fpring of ■.vater. Withicr,ii)b, Devon, the fitic fpring or fpring fide vale or dwelling. Wylhgrig or Mold, N-Wa!es, the fide or fur- rounding fpring upper confines water place fide or hill. W'yth - va or Snowdeii, N -Wales, the furroiinding fides or hills o; fnowy parts or dens. Hence Wrack, the ipring water confin j.?. Wrangle, on the inelofing fpring water place; Wrap, tlu- ipring water [.art ; W^rarh and Wroth, at the fide fpring AvatvT part ; Wreak, the inciofing fpring water part confines or j %vratii aclion ; Wre.ith and Wrythe, a thing on the fjjrin water fide ; Wrell and Wrifi:, the lefier fide fprine part^^ Wudtle, on the lt)T^'er fide fpring w.;Ut place; Wic.rh an' D d ^^^iirlud [ 202 1 Wrightr the Tpring of man at the inclofing water or border ; Wriiig find Wrong, from the inclonnti fpring water connnesj "Writ and "Write, at the fpring water fide; Wry, the fpung. Yale, N- Wales, above the fpring water place or vale. Yanefbury Caitlc, Wilts, the inclofuig fpring Vv^ater part or burrow caftle. Yardley, N-ham. the fide fpring water place. Yare, Norf. the fpring water or river. Yarmouth, the Yare mouth or the fpring water at the fea fide or a haven. Yarum, Yorkf. the furroanding fpring water. Yda, the part or fpring water part. Ydron, Ire. the inclofing fpring water. Yverin or Ad-;ebrin, N-hum. at the inclofing fpring water part. Y- kenild Street, "War. Stafi'. on the inclofing water fide or Ken- tifli flrect, Y-kiil, on the inclofing water place or the water place fide. Y-linguin, N-Waics, the inclofed fi:)ring water place lake. Ynis Enli, N- Wales, in the fide water place or an illand in the flood. Yoghal, Ire. the high furroanding water place or fca. York or Eboracum, the circle water or border confines or city. Ytradclydc, the fpring water place lide fbreet. Ylhvith, S-Wales, the fide fpring lower fide. Yrvvith, the fide fpring. Hence Yacht and Yatch, the fpring v»'ater fide vcfi^el ; Yard, the fide fpring water ; Yarn, inclofing , S'ar, on the fpring 5 Yawl, on the fpring Avatcr piace ; Yawn, en the fpring; Ye, the fprings of man ; Yea, the fprin'gs of earth and water ; Yean, in the fpring ; Year, the fpring on ; Yeaft, the fpring on the lower fide or furface -, Yelk, the fpring water place inclofed; Yellow, from the fpring of light ; Yelp, the call fpring part ; Yeoman, the furrounding fprings man ; Yerk or Jerk, on the inclofing fpring water confines or aclion ; Yes, the focn or fide fprings ; Yelterday, the fpring at the fide or part divifion or day ; Yet, at the fpring -, Yield, the fpring water place fide ; Yoke, the circle fpring confines ; You, the furrounding fpiings of man ; Yoic, the fp'ing from or off: Young and Youth, iri the fpring ; Your, man's furrounding fpring. Cs" It may noi perhaps be improper hce to cbfcrve, that the circle of primary names will, by a deliberate attention to the various fides and mear.ings of confonants and the diilerenc ways of their being marked by vowels, appear to be of fo large an extent, as exactly to corrcfpond wiiii the circle of things ; as for inftance -v the general fign or name of a fpring or what fprin[^3 when put to r, the, exprefies the fp'ing or pre-eminent- ly man and thence worth, virtue, truthj &C, as tl:e 4ualities of man I 203 ] man ; if it be put to «r, the water ^ it will denote the fpring o^ water, feafons, &c. and their qualities ; v on ak and alley sn\^ fignify a place on the fpring water ; on ille^ it exprelTes the flowing fpring water or dwelling place ; its auxilliary w with /"i/, the place of light, means the fpring of light or the human will ; Womb, is the fpring part of woman ; world, man's fide or furrounding circle or orb, and various others, that have been already explained. Then the different fides or profpe6ts, in which the mind views thofe primary names, greatly mul- tiply their fignification, as do the various ways of compound- ing them, and lb as to the other vowels. Befides, nature feems to be but combinations of few analogical fyflems, made up of units, dualities, and triads, with the quaternion of things or fides variouilydifpofed. We have here clofely adhered to the primary, liicroglyhpic, and argraphic, meaning of names, though the more removed fenfc hath been occailonally added, but the former definitions having been promifcuoufly derived from the different fides, profpecls, and meaning, however they may difcover the meaning of Avords, mull be fomewhat lels perfpicuous than thofe of the prefent eflay. AN AN U N I V E n S A I^ ENGLISH GRAMMAR. GRAMMAPv cf a particular langu&.se is the art of risjhtly f[)eaking and v.'ritiiii;: ir according to its own eftabliihed and fixcil rules. An UnivLifal Gnimmar is the form and mode of rii;h:]y cxprcfllng or.r ideas by fuch figns atid founds as correfpond with ideas and things, as their natural arche- types. Names confiil of certain lines or chords, fprings, circles^ fenilcireles, furfaces, fides, diviiions or parts, figures and letters, wliieh as fymbols and articulate founds or voices, de- jcrihe and rcj^icfent the elements -.md parts o\ nature ; their conibinatioiis nito p.mieles or fyli;ddes of two letters ; niodeh: of niiiTie^. oi' two p:irt;c;es or tinee letters, with an cJiii;-)n o[ flic other ; and deeoiiiptdites or hill larger eombiniition.s ot thele. in names, jdirafes, and fei:ie!:c.::i. OF L E T 'I' E R S. The letters in general nil; -vrc the hallowing : A, a ; B, b; C, c; 1), d, iWx'; E, (■ , E, i"; (;, ^ : H, h ; 1, i, j ; K, k, L, 1, 11 ; IVI, m ; N, n, n- ; (), •) ; P, p, ph ; Q^ c] ; E, r, rh ; S, s, (h ; -}\ U t!i ; E, '': ., vi, - ; ^V, w : X, x ; Y, y ; Z, X -, whoK: p)'..cr.s, u.inids, .e.'.'l nK.Uiiiig, ;uc iHufifated ui:d.:r the iji-o;,, r h, ;.'s, 'v; \\\ 1 1 -j j in tir: former "cfiays ori gianimar. JJut t:;.-;: le'tet ; ir^':! to be more prrg:e:]y difbn- guilhai)te accoi^img : ;> the iblh^'.virig ;orts :ind orciLr, namely C), <■.•, e, i, u, \s', y, ti^e vowcis or e'ements ot l:mgn?ge; p. b, t, ph, V, m -, e, ch, g, j, k, .'.i, ;•;, wis, ng , t, tli, d. dJ, n, themutiLle, i-iliectory :'.i::i awxil'ary confondUts ; and ii. 1, ih, r, -5 ill, ::, een;p.;.::E of the two ibrmer forts. And l^u]-. Gini;!clioi: ot VL;',-;^E i^in'i c:jnf:^n.ints ariibs i:vii^ ti^e former;;, ^ E bcm^ [ 2 ] being compleat art'culatc founds rr voice?, and reprefentations of elements and general c)t)ie£t3 ; and the later, though in fome degree thcv inckule the iigurc and founds of vowel-, even in conjunclion therewith, hccome the voices or repre- fentations only of the parts of elements or vowels The confonants p, c, t, are radical and mutable, infleclory or fpringii^g, and b, f, p, ph, v, and m are the fprings or inilectories of p ; but ph, and v, are fo only as auxiliary to f. The ch, g, j, k, ng, q, v/h, x, and fometimes fh are the in- fleclories ot c ; but the j, k, q, wh, x, fli, are foonly ^is auxiliarie* of g and ch. The th, d, dh, n are the inflectories of t ; but b, d, g, m, though not radically initial mutables, are fo in the fccond and third degrees. And II and rh are rather afpirates of 1 and r than inflecting letters ; and thofe varia- tions of the confonants may perhaps be fomewhat illuftrated by the following Welfh form thereof of Dr. Davies. I. 2. . 3; . ^■ Mutable radi- Soft. Liquids. Alpirates cals. f Car Gar Ngar Char •J Pen Ben INlhen Phen L Tad Dad Kb ad , Thad f Bara Fara INlara •|Duw Dduw Nuw ( Gwr Wr Ngwr f Llaw Law •|?.Iam Fam C Rhad Rad Or the following fpecimcn of the antient variations or inlTec- tions of the Engiifh, which are become obfolctc Mutables. Soft Springs. Liquids or Ilu- Afpirates. ids. Pale, pall Bale Par Bar Park Bark Pell Bell Per Bear Pit Bit Pull Bull Pun - Bun Pals B;fs TcM- Dear Ten Den ' 1 " ■ ,^ Die ]\lalc Fale, Vale Mar Far l^.Iark Fark, Far-r, Mell Fell Mer Fe.7/- Mid, meet 1-it Mull, hlule Full Mun Fni Mufe Fufs Near rUcrc Ken Tiu-n Ni,:li 'Jhigh Tile [ 3 ] Tile ^ i>;i-at^ Nile Tlilll Tir, Tii Drey Nighcr a"!u-ee Tiin^ Dim islm-ljle Tiiymr Tin Din Nin the li.nuiiine geiuler. '1 he letter i is the elernent ol lue aial, all us (juahiie-, wIikI) l;y :t.s la'-s, (ic^ts and lines pcuetiate.) builu'-, ,;!ul eaule■^ the I'ow and ipring of lh;:ig^ ..ud aUo !i:,ht, dnd it li.'idilca u'-.-.u, a- a r 4 ] _ lighted candle, and an upright, fpringing or living line and u'fo length, the pronoun i and the firfl perfcn fingular or man. The letter u is the return of its fpring in the feaibns, water^ vegetation, generation, nutrition, animals, man, truth, know- ledge, virtue, voice and other things, and alio the pronoun ?£;•', the firfl perfon plural or man and woman ; w and y are aux- iliary exprellions for the fpring of fprings and vegetation, and the latter in fome dialects ftnnds for the articles a and the and re- prefents man on his head, with his legs extended after his fall in Jidcn, and the fpring divifion of countries, and other fprings ahout which '.c was to labour and fweat for the lofs of fpon- taneous growth The n, i, u, are the mafculine gender, the e is feminine and the other vowels are neuter. 1 ht radical infiec?ting c or the h.alf of o, with its inficclo- ries or auxiliaries ch,, g, ng, h, k, c, (h, and x or cq (ignify the water, fea, female and other lurrcunding fides, flmts, in- clofures and circular things, with their actions, qualities, and motion. Tiie letter p is exprcffive of ma'-erial or inanimate parts, b of living, animal o; vepruible parts and f, ph or v of their qualities, fprings, jr.otion?. or inflections -, as forinftance, p is exprethve of certain paris <'!>■ pieces of earth and water called a river and the virile nicnilxr or a penis, b fignifies the famjc in their fpring, and f and v r;re cxprcfhve of their fiuxion and motion to the marine and female refcrvoirj and the letter m fignifies i'urrounding and bulky parts, as a man's body, a mountain, the fca, as furrounding a conntry and the circle of things and motions about us. 1 he n is an inclofmg part or fide or a part or fide inclofed and as fuch a negative or unfeen. The t hiero2-]vfica!lv rcorefenti m.-.n',, Ic^s and thirhs dole to- ^ether with the tcca outward-^, the water place of msn and a river flowing into the fea from a, the earth ; p being the thigh article or part, 1, place, or part of ipace, and n its other inflectory, {^'the part between the thighs] Avhcn extended or the inclofed part of a country. The letter t is Aio exprefnve of extenfion of p.;rts, ['Acs, i'urfaces, covevi'igs, i-oileiiions and thi-;gs ; a--, its in- iiectnries th, d, dh ;inci n of their various parts, divifious and qualities, and alfo the article the and aihrniations by the fur- roun dng udcs or things, as is s by the tenfes ajid things (i^cn and founded an;', d of the divifion of things and qiuihties vifble :!,id iiivif hie and privatives asfpirit'J,the diviiion or crcaL:on ot the v/oiidandtheleparationo! c'th ai^i water. The r f!g!niiL-s\ ai ious ])',ii oi c.irth andwater. I he 1 dgnifies place and ii^ u^rti^and de- g!V„s, as altitude, the d:;]^rci:t lurrcunding lides, a river or other wacer picices, as the;!; betvrccn a perluns legs, the water place r s 1 ftiace of man. And the capital letters and ninnhcrs, "•epiTfeni the Icvcral divifions ot countries or ]-;ont:i]ions ; -as a ;i com- pound of A and V, the firfl; divifion from the fcaoi' the river -, iSI and W, the fame repeated on the ica iide to a tirjp.l";nd ; B asid F, the fame on the bound-.iry river lulcs ; C ;i!id G, a canton or hundred or Hde of a cirele ; O, a circle ; I), a fnigle divifion on the fide; £, the river divifio.is falling into the fca ; I, a flowing river; T, the fame with its tvo tides t;dl:ng into the fea ; 1j, one fide thereot ; and Y, a divifion of a river or opening like the Nile at the lea or a tree or other vegetable growth. Hence letters appear to derive their origin iron; tloe.M'*. prototypes, namely, the vvoild oi earth and Vv.uer and tlu ir various pa^ts, as the river and lea; and tlie -niikrocoiVn oi ir.an and woman with their parts, as tlie pi^nis and ^•ulva, and tongue, as to voice, &c. And as to the lounds ot confonants, thev are better exprelTed with their vov/els in particles, than by aiiy other pradlieable method of doing it. Of P A R T I C L E -S and S Y L L A B L E S. Particles or ryllabies are eoniple.it figns and arliculiite founds voices or names, cither of finglc vov.els or CGin^:oi;;:(ls of a vowel and confonant, which in t'neir miC.ining exacriy cor- refpond with that ot the conlonants, a.s they iiave been al cady Explained, fo that the joining oi vowels to conlonanf^, in order to form particles, ferves no other end th ;m to marii or dil- ting'jiih to which of the elenuiits or vowel- the ccmVi Miants are applied, without adding any tliiiig to tb^ir po^-^rs or value either in fenle or fv.md. And as the jc ining of vov.-els tn eonunvants, tor the fornr.itif)U ot jvu iieli.s, is r. and u, o, or i active, in like m.'.ujie; 1;'. V; pallive or lubltantive ienlv', tb.ev might t;;e i:;-,ht fides of eenlanai.ts iu tl;.; i-' h ii tieeni, . • ■■ ivn.tjois i-ht be f ved at the : ol eoiiMi; '. 'lit-- pro- ;) nr,;iN -he ..cLi\c , -.veis ;:n- ■e. 1 to do ,en:;nis. -'. , e, or a C' eiiVM ;;!s.cd ..t .al.sc; e: .-.a i;.:,;;s, "ets, i;;:; ei ee;a re \eiai1v I-e • nxe;! on ni.iive: , .;::e i;'" u r ^ ] riny alfo lie m.ir'cc 1 witii a point for the tv. Then tiie vowel c kiiTes, 1!) ]c\ic(-.ii:i, w'iii conful of uclivci and the rc(t ut fubflantives. And the lollowing explications of pr.rlicjcs or lyllabics mull he a lumcient jiuidc therein. Ad, pa; En, pe are the dead, cold and inanimate parts or flivifions of earth and water and privatives. Ab, ba ; cb, be are the living, animate, fpringing and vegetable parts of earth ?.nd water, and male and female, as a fon, a lamb, a buck, a bean, and their privatives. Af, ta ; ef, fe exprefs the qualities and ciTecls thereof, as thofe of a father, a man's faith, an ani- mals fear or fe.'oeity, a plants fertility, ajid their elledb and privatives Am, ma; em, me are cxprefhve of the fu' rounding })arts or exiftenees of earth and water, feas, rivers, mountains, hills, man's body and garment, inclofures and boundaries of countries, and things promifcuous and their privatives. Ac, ca ; ec, ce are earth and water, male and female fliuts, in- clofures or borders, and their actions or modes of local motions. Ag, ga ; eg, ge are the efi'ecls and qualities thereof in vegeta- tion, growth and generation, as eijgs, egg, cgiflment, egin or ilioots of corn or young animals, egret, and their efforts to motion and lite. Ang, nga ; eng, nge are the inclofing, i^rcis^htcned or fiiut water parts of a country or other places, as ani'le, arjger, anguifli, ei;clofe, enc;;ge, engine, ejig or ex- ten nveasui Enshmd. Ach, cha ; cch, che are an higher de- gree and forts of actions and fh.uts and their returns and effects, as ache, achieve, challe, chat, chaw, echo, check, and their privatives. At, ta ; et, te ; ath, tha ; cth, the, a comb;natif;n and cxten- fion of part.-, h.-le.s fiirfacc:, countries, coails, bcmid.irics and. poffeiTions, the j.Me;.icf)tiuii ^/ and the article th- or the fide, wiih the tiiin:^- and quaiuics llicrein. and ;;niut\' An., n;i; en, ne are parts o: t.:!rth and \\\-.u-v, n'.an. ov tliin/.s m exi'ieiiee or pofcihon, ar.;! fcen or fliut ;.>i.t of jofleliicii, ..nd uniccn ^Aid a negative of cxi Hence. in, pi; ib, hi ; if, ii ; n.n, nd fre, high, 1i'. ing, aiid gcnera- ^^c parts, and the f v)w o/ l::e iuat and quadticj en the fur- v':::i;c;;rL: parts ;;':;! ti;M:js m gene!.\i. Ic, ci : ig, gi ; i.i :, ni^i ; ;v '"i, cid 'li'^ ill fl, chief or upper mo- tw:: i;i' ac t:')n c^i iMeai;.! .■;;:it. ai;;; tiieir acl !■ ns in \ ei;e!:alic>a ;.!;.; ceiiv^'otion, ti^eur:^.' (.■(.\-eiui:' or iky ^i^d vlL^r incloiui-es cMia I: ■X ■'• r 7 ] It, ti ; ith, thi the properties and qualities of f:des or things from fire, the iide man or thing and the pronoun it. Id, di ; idd, ddi fignify the divifions of ti;e, as lighf, Hyht, colours, difcernment, the human intellects, fpiritual qualiues and privatives thereof. Op, po ; ob, bo ; of, fo ; om, mo the circle parts of the earth, water, man, animals, and country borders and the prcpolitioa Oc, CO •, og, go ; on^ or on, ngo ; och, cho tlie circles ci wa- ter, fire and motion, the fea and other water boundaries, Ihuts and inclofures, the prepoution omnd the verb ;:o. Ot, to; oth, tho', the furrounding fid'j:s, circle?, borders, and covcrini'.s, the prcpolltion /; and the adverb tho\ Od, do ; odd, ddo diviiions of the circles of motion or actions both prefent palt and future, and the verb ^b. Up, pu ; ub, bu ; uf, fu ; um, mu the various furrounding fprings of things upwards, as th.ofc oi waters, vegv'tables and animals, and other parts and living; things and animals as to generation and .'//> and i/pa;. Uc, cu ; ug, gu ; ung or mi, ngu ; uch, chu the chief fpring of animals in generation, and other chiet fprings and their ncgati\'es and roito. And the particles formed of k, q, x, wh ami fn arc auxiliary to thofe formed of the c, and its other inllectorics. Ut, tu ; uth, thu, the fide fprings, a woman, and the pro- noun th-.u. Ud, d'l ; udd, dtiu, the divifion of fprings, or the returns of earth ami water and man in fcafons, vegetation, animation, generation and intelligence, and their negatives and privatives. Al, la ; cl, le : il, li ; ol, lo •, ul, lu, the place ofcirth, water, fire and liu'ht, the circle cf matter ami nujition and man, oil a place, belov/ a }'lice, a 1: igh place, all place, and the place of the liuman ligi;t or iritelligerice and «-//. .^\r, ra ; er, re ; ir, ri ; or, ro • i;r, ru, tiic earth, v.'atcr, lire, world, fpring and their iiini'.'.r jxiri:-, properties, accidents and qualities and negatives, a.; up.ai i/:e iiov.'ing or lL:-.'.idiiig Itill of water and fire and moi.ion, a v.':;xt border, fr(;m, and tlie various fprings ot a.nim.als and things. As, {cl -, es, fe ; is, f\ ; OS fo -, us, lu, the eartli, w.i'^er, lire, a circle or border and fide fprings or things lurroundmg, ieen, fmelt or founding, low iuvi '(..v^t a.n ! ma'e .md i.".i,:le, affirmations bv the fenles of tivii-.gs Ieen and lurr'-'Uu.n.ag, :ro:u or at the fide or diitance, the Inntv.in fpnngs, vac Lunjanclien ve VI in. [ 8 1 Ao, oa ; eo oe i, io, oi the circle and motion of earth and water, the fun and all things, and their ihuts or privatives. Ai, ia or jah, the caufe of fne and its motion or emanation on the earth. Y, a fpring thereof from the earth. Ah, ha; eh, he ; ih, hi ; oh, ho ; uh, hu are the different forts and degrees of energies, emotioiis and palRons, corre^i)on(ling with the meaning of the vowels. And all the icrcgoing de- finitions of names correipond with, and fup^xut theic deniii' tions of letters and panicles. Of the MODELS of PPvIMITIVE NAMES. The firft models of compound names were combiiiations ox two fyllabics or a \o\vei with two confonants and an clihon of the othci' vowel, the remaining vowel being like a, e, o and i, u, y, fimilar and lufiicient to uiiiink'uiih the element or genus, and to dirccl the application oi both confonants ; and the larger forts of names arc noihing more than dccompofites of thole models, as appears by then" explication in the foregoing work. Thus far pcrliaps the frame and conflrucfion, orgrammiarof the primitive language extended ; or at leaft the letters and fyllables of all languages, according to the fcnfe here given thereof, have ahvays been, and are Hill univerfally the fame. Ar.d were the models of Itjiglifli names pro- erly examined and tried on fne Kngliih form of inflection, they might ap- pear to be p;imiu\e and copious, both as to radicals and in- ileclorics, and fueh as have been ioit might thereby be difco- vered, and found out in cither dialects ; always obferving in their choice th.iL their frame and conftruciion agree with our explication of letters, particles and models, and leaving out the terminations, which in mcft languages are arbitrary, ijut if ;;fter ail our own language fliould appear both as to its parts and ccnftrnction to l-e the neareft oi all dialects to the primitive language, am^ the fitteft to be adopted lor an unl- verfal ouv', iVorn the precifion and copioufiiels of our radicals of places, of which tb.ofe of things are genuine copies, tiie pre- cifion of ideas, dilpofition of perfons and things, as well as the clinrate correfpeiidin'.'-, it may perhaps be deemed unne- eelTia'v to attempt the reiricval of languages irom their prefent advanced and complex ibrie and prcgreis with the arts and fci- cnces to their primitive icrm. ilenee, oilier lorts of gram- matical names, or parts ot fneoeli, are become requifite icv the conitruction of a rational univ'.rial language, io as to exprefs ideas, pai;; jns and things riuhiiV and adequately in ihtir pre- fjnt enlarged ilaLc; and bciiu; unable i.o finaiih ourlclves ^vith any r 9 J any oth.er names fitter for the purpofe : we (liall here make ule of the following Engllfh grammaiical names or parts of fpeech* nameJy, the articles, nouns fub'tantive, adjetlive and participle, pronouns, verbs fubflantive, acl:ive and pafFive, ad- verbs, conjundlrions, prepofitions and interjedlions. Of the ARTICLES. The Englifh articles are , the former of which fignify the earth, man, mafcuHne gender and fingu- ]ar number, and the is expiefFive of the fide water, woman, the feminine gender and plural number in the order of the crea- tion ; and being as fuch of a fubflantive nature, they, when prefixed to other names whether of fubftances or qualities by their coalefcencc therewith fubftantive, or denote them to be fubllantives and exprefs their genders and numbers ; as, a man, an horfe ; the woman, men ; any man, men, woman, or thing ; but not a men, an horfes, or the one, as woman implies a plu- ral. Hence we difcovcr by their meaning, the flrft fort to be of the mafeuline gender and fingular number, the fccond to be the feminine gender and plural number, and the third to be of the neuter, or neither gender. Of NOUNS SUBSTANTIVE, ADJECTIVE, and PxlllTlCIPLE. Noilns fubflantive are the names of fubflances, or fuch things as we conceive completely to fubfill either by themfelves or in concord with the a.-icles, v.-ithc;:': the afhilance of any o:her names ; as man, a play, an aft, any thin^-, the fpirit- Nouns adjeclive and participle on the conlraryare tlv. names of anions, qualities and attributes, adtled to fubftantives to exprefs their qualities and accidents^ and without which, being in. their nature indefinite, thev cannot fubllll ; but the participle is in fome cafes dillinguilTiablc from theadieftive as having the par- ticles" m^g- and ed added thereto^ to exprefs the prefent ar^A paft time; a-J, a wife man, a wicked plav, a virtuous acl, the holy Spirit, a loving or 'oved thing, or 1 :\\\\ loving or have loved. Nouns fubftantive have tlie dillinclion of the mafeuline, fe- minine, and neuter genders, and the fingular and plural num- bers, by their own meaning, the coalefeence of their arti- (iris and the addition or s or es to the Rnguiar or a variation of the radir d vowels a and o into e to term the plural num- ber ; -.is for inflance, a man-n^en or won'.cn, loot-feet, bull- hulls, cow-cows, eity-eities, determine tlic fingular and plu- ral numbers and mafeuline and feminine genders ; but people, cat;!', caive^;, fiihi-^-, corn, "jrif-;, and cither general ranies *C be- r 10 ] being originally fo framed, exprcfs the plural numbers and fret?-' ter or neither of the former genders ; and had not the femaTe occalioned the diRindion of fex, fubllantives would have had no diftinftion of genders ; Avhntever, therefore do not appear by their meaning to be of the feminine or mafculine genders ought ftill to be deemed of no diftinguifliable or neuter gen- ders. Bat as to the diflinclions of common and proper names or the dcelenfions of cafes, there are none either in nature ov the Englifli language, except that propofitions in compofitioa ■with verbs, or appofition to fubllantives or as has been already fliewn in a former eflay, their pofition before, and after the Verbs cxprefs the nominative and objeclive cafes. Nouns adje^live agree Avith the fubftantive in gender and number without any change or variation. But they exprefs their different degrees of qualities, diftances, quantities, and attributes, by the addition of the particle er to the pofitive to form the comparative, and eji the fuperlative degree ; as, far- farther-l^.rtheft ,■ great-greater-greateft ; high-higher, highefl j much or many-more-mofl or rao-eft ; Iwift-fwilter-fwifteft ; I'weet-fweeter-lweetefl: ; or where the adje6live has been com- poimded beyond its primitive form, by prcfiy.ing thereto fome of the adverbial names of comparifon, as many, more, or moll. Of PRONOUNS. Pronoun'' are general nouns, which in concord witli verb'- perfonatc, and cxprefs perfons and things with their number," genders and relations i ai-id thofe of the Englifli language are as follows : Perfonals. Poffcirives. Relatives. ■" I. T, me, mylelf ; my own, mii.^e ; f^nc, any, none. 2. thou or you, thee, thv, tiiine ; this, each, every, ci ■ thy lelf ; ther, thefe. ;J-he, (lie, it, himy hijj hers, its ; that, fome, another^r c/: her, himfelf, her- iuch felf; il.we, us,ourfelves;onrj onr^ ; ^tIio, whofe, whom^ 2. ye or you, your- your, vciurs ; whicli. 'felves'; 3. thev, them, them- their, theirs ; what, thofe, others^ Tl-efc little fignificanr names arc ;.>! feveral originals, and hke nouiis, cxnrefs t.hc cafc^ in poiU'on with verbs without anv r 'I 3 any variation, and their genders as they perfonate man and wo- man, and their poffeffions fubflantively are of the mafculinC and feminine genders, and the relatives and adjectives being general names and exprefTive of neither the one or the other, but of both aliice, are of the neuter or no gender, andfuch of the poflefTives and relatives as ftand by themfclves, and will not like adjectives join and coalefce in concord ^vilh fubftantives, are themfelves fubftantives, and the ret'l aie adjectives ; and who, which, what, whofe, whom, are called interrogatives, though other names feem to be equally applicable in that fenfe, and the relatives cxprefs perfons, things, actions, or parts of dif- courfes or fentences. But the fol!ov>'ing explication of thefe names may perhaps illuftrate their ufes and properties in Ian- guage better than any rules that can be laid down for the pur- pofe. 1. / perfonates man as an upright fpringing nr living line or a lighted candle-;/?^ mi or ?ny reprefents him with a body and furrounded by matter-7//y/^//' expreiles him as within himfelf or in his own (ide-wj ow?i^ 7riin£j within his circle fynug-anc, any^ the circle or inclofmg fynug-none, its negative. 2. Jhou, yoii^ perfonate the fide, divided or fecond fpring or woman--//w, die iide i or \wovn2.n-th\'felf^ woman in herfelf or her own circle-/'^v, ibine^ a woman's inclofures or properties- ihis^ thefe, the female fide or fides or inclofures-fz/^rj, eitheff the fide or inclofing fjiring. T,. He or hi, tlu: upper acliing man or the male or flowing fpiing-Z^t', the lo-,-. cr IT female of the Ccx-it, man or woman's tides, things or j'<<;ficioiis-/;7'///, the higher and molt powerful acting man her, the v/eakcr or more paifive himjeij\ he in his own ci\-c]c-herjr!f\ flic in hcrs-A/j, tlie he or male i'ldc-hers, her fide-z/^//, the fiile things-Z'/Wf, tlie furrounding or circle fitles-//!, a fide thing or an exifi-ence-(^;.C'//;t'r, one below the circle {Vlc-fu-.h, the urper fide uy the il.v. 4. JFt-, the two Ijning.s oi \^\^n and woman-wy, the fide, ^, or have been. The adives affirm with an aQion, quality, or attribute of a fubjecl ; as zvaiks, man is in aclion, / touch thee, thou feel- ejl me, or a man is active and fenfible. The paffives are the reciprocal aflertions of the latter by the fubftantive verb and an adjective or participle prefent, pail: or future ; as, I am or have touched or fhall touch thee, thou doeft or flialt feel or haft felt me, I am feeling or I received tht; touch. And the verb fubftantive is an auxiliary in the con- jugation of other verbs. Verbs as affirmations of exiftencies, afllons and paffions with their tim.es, divifions or fucceffions in place coalefce in concord and government with the perfons, numbers and gen- ders of nouns and pronouns or fubje£ls in the following nrjan- r.er, mode or form. 'Iht c: ^ p > r^ O O O ^r-^^ > > 4_( o *-' G —1 *-*-• ij ?* c o ** o -T-; ^ SI ^ n -x; a ^ '-^ «> — c; r rr* c rt 1 1 ^ CJ a> ;-^ CJ J3 ^ ^ •N ^ ■ o .c « iJO _ ^ 3 '.* « i_ rt I- o *-' u ^ . > =^ PG O, ^Q o o r- H > <^ . O 3 y-= ^^ r p;ul: --vj'ndd fignines that the ipnng ot iiMel- ligenee or will was \\zCv---cculd, the iiicloiing frriiig ^vater place or poficiTion y:.?i --niiri.:^ the furroundir.y ipring \'.-ater a!ide -- ought, the circle nviiig water or bnrf'.Lr lulc or uut v---£<'v, a't. (m the Inring ;uui the fio.e on the ipring-_/Z'6'/V, 7f-'//, tiio lerniniiic Hialland wiii-Zii/;. tlic i.urie as to be-/j, the fide O! 'luit inamxid-^, f'.u. C >5 ] fees, fpeaks, Sec. was^ waji^ a man, woman, or a fpring paf^, be- low or ?S\Az---were, the human or other fprings paft---^^^;?, the fpring part '\x\---havey a fpiing or energic motion of the pafrions---had or ha-ed, the lame at the fuic, afide or paft--- haj}^ hadjl^ the female fprinoing up paft---/'ir///:', has^ \Xv\ fide fpring or man fprings and a(ils---i(5, the divifions of the circle f>f motion or nchions---(r//V/, the fame paO: or afidc-'-dW/;, the luic man's aclion---c'e:it ; b:jihi, built; s^'h^, g.jll ; ::iid, ':;::. p:ni. r i6 1 fin \ lofc, loft. But thefe verbs being orighnrlly formed <*^ fubftantivcs, lole their active quaiiiies and return to tlicir former fubftantive ftnte in the paft tenCe, and the contractions and muta ions ferve to harden the lound accordingly, and as they coalcfce in concord, they muil be regular in their own na- ture, and ought to be deemed I'o in grammar. 3. Others not ending in d or t, are faid to have been form- ed by contra£tion ; as have-had for havcd ; makc-madc for maked ; flce-fled for fleed ; flioe-il-iod for fhced : and that the following forts, befules this contraclion alfo chrini{e the vowel ; fell, fold; tell, told; clothe, clad. As to the pailivc verb /^'^^-^ it fecms to change regularly into ha-ed or had, as do mak': into ma-ed or made and the reft of that iort. Se'l and tell became foiled and tolled to correfpond with their fubftantivcs toll, foil or coll, the tranfaclion of tolling, felling and calling of cattle at fairs. Nor doth clo-the, clo-eth or cd in cla-ed, or the more contracted clad become irregular. And as to ftand, ftood and dare, durft, being directly from the Saxon fbndan, ftod and dyrran, dorfte, unlefs the purer exprelFions can be faid to derive their o igin from the more corrupt, it feems more probable that the Saxon words come from the Engiifti, which feem to be complete, wiih.out the particle an either as iubftandves or verbs, as appears by the foregoing de- finitions, which comprehend and explain all the filler dialects of the weft and north, if not of all liuropc. And was it tru^ that the Engliui derives its origin from thiC Saxon, it would have had a nearer refcmblance to the German. 2d. C L A S S. I. The irregulars of the fecond clafs ending in ^7/7/, chang- ing the vo\vel or diphthong into au or cm; and fuppofed to he, taken from the Saxon, are as follov.s : bring-broui;ht from bringan-brchte ; buy-bought from hvc^can-bchtc ; catch- caught ; fight-fought from feotan fuht ; tcach-taught from te- chan-tehte ; think-thought from thencan-thohte ; feck-lought from fecan-fohte; work-v, rought from weorcan-worhle- ireight- fraught. Our definitions of thcfe ftiev/ the EngUfli vc bs with- out the a'7, to be comphie and regular in. the prcfcnt tenfe except bve, which ftiould be wrote buvgh but I'lci^.ounced buy, lb as to form like teach, a regular variation i:i the paft tenfe of bough-ed or t. And the changing the vcwul u, or any other, except a ir.to o, f'> cm or f!iut, to icrm tiie ]:■:■.{[ lenfc feems to be pcif :ct;y rogul.^", ;.,-, :;:ib to cliangc tlic a into c but no: iruo au^ a;: J whc:! teacl; v, as pronounced tcakh, it re- £uiarly termed tai'j^ht oi tough-t or cd, and fo as to work- 7 v,orugh-t C 17 1 worugh-t or wroiiglu according to tlie iifual contracbion in thr pa(t tend; Mid the reft. But the Saxon hiot, hot, fcot, fut. tsct, thot, lot, wort, are very inadequate to the nieaning intended to he exprelled. Nor do the afperate h without a vowel or the final e add any thing thereto, and bring may have hccn formetl of bearing the participle of hear, a)id think may be aix original exprt.lTioa for the internal a£f of the mind, and thought the lame paft into external aClioiio, a;; tonght the paJt of teach- ing. 80 that v.'ith thcle explanations and corrections, thofe verbs as tliey coalefce in concord cannot be properly deemed irregular. 3d. C L A S S. 1. The irregulars of the third clafs are fuppofed to confifi; of fuch as form the pall tenfe by changing the radical vov.eis and the participle perfect and paflive by the aildition ol the Saxon particle tfi. As to the participle, the belt way of correcting its irregularity, feems to be inUrely to drop it, as having been at firll corruptly int-.oduced into onr language by deligning men, or fufl'er it to grow into difufe and become obfolcte ac- cording to the natural bent and tendency of the language to rt;iect all exotics that will not coalefce or agree therewith in concord and to tiitown them for her oiliipring, though we muft at t-lie fime time cuidefs that th.e Saxon dialects freed from their paint, daubing and difgulfe will all appear to be h.er genuine daughters. 2. With relpcct to the verbs whicli form the pafl: tcnle by changing th.e vov^'els from a to c, o ; c to a., o; i long to the fliort i, a o, u ; o to i, cw hut in no oilier manner Icem to do lo accoriiing to the lenle ;.nd jjnr.iitive mode ot cunjueat- ing verbs ; a.s ior ip.ihuice, t.;il, fell ; tir.iv.', drew ; flay. Hew, vary from the a ]K)iiu\e to tlie e pri\;',tive according to the lenle; and aaw ke, av/oke , forf-ke, furlock ; iliake, Ihook; take, took, chan;^e fiom the a active to tlv.: o iiiut or p.dl 'Ihe va- riations from e to a and o in get, got ; eat, ate ; bear, bore ; break, broke ; cleave ; ciove ; fpeak, fpoke ; l\vear, Iwore; tear, tore ; wear, v.ore ; heave, hove ; ihear, Jliore ; Itcal, Hole; tread^ trod ; weave, wove ; creep, crope ; freeze, froze; leeth, loth or lud ; lee, law Irom the feminine cr.ergic c to the mafculine a or o iliort or pall, feem to be very natural and exprelkive. 'il;e eianige of tlie i long to the fliort, is expref- five of the flov.dng motion of the long i to he contracted and pail in the fhurt •, as in bite, bit :, ehide, cl.id ; Hide, Hid. Its changes to a ami o denote the like motic-n or action of the long i to be Ihut or detcimintd in a fubllaace ; abide, ubode ; drive, • O drove ; [ i8 ] drove; ride, rode; rife, rofc ; flirive, flirove ;- fmite, fmote; ftride, ftroilc ; ftrivc, fliove ; thrive, throve; write, wrote; bind, bound ; find, found ; grind, ground ; wind, wound ; and its change into a, as in lie, lay ; and into u, as ftrike, llruck, denote the acTti? n of the lower part to have been fprung. The i iliort or beginning of motion changes into u to exprefs its length, fpring or continuance ; as in ipring, fprung ; fling, frung ; flink, fl nii< ; ftring, ftrung ; fwini, fwum ; fwing, fwung ; wring, wrung, flick, fhick ; \»in, wun ; dig, dug; and into a, as bid, b:ide ; give, gave; fit. fat; foit, ipat ; as cxprefTive of motion or acVion puil. The o into c, as hold, he'd, figni- fies the beiiig deprived ol a poilciTirn or an inclofed place ; into i, as do, did, or deed, fecnv-; to be pre,ty regular. The long or great o or oo into the fm;dl or fliort, or rather from w to u, as choofe, chofe ; flioot, ihot, fignifies a fpring with its continuance. And from o to ew, a!> blow, blew ; crow, crew; grow, grew; know, ki'.cv ; thrcu-, threw; flow or i]v, ilew, lignifies the continuation oi a fpiinging action or motion. And as thofe verbs natu-ally coalelce in concord they feem to acciuire no otb.er co.reclions or Aaiiations than what have been here intimated v.ml ought to be deemed as re- gular verbs, as fhould the auxiliaries which arc fuppofcd to be defective verbs, as d.ivers original exprellions. Of ADVERBS. Adverbs are certain auxiliaries added to or fet at the fide of rerbs and adjectives to denote the feveral degrees, divifions, and diftinclion of times, places, quantities, qualities, motions or acl:ions, refts, afhrmations and manner of things in propo- f.ticns and fentences ; and which, with their dcfmitions and decrees of compariuMi are as follows : Of p'acc---/;f?v, r?i,-hc!je, flrnigkt^ upj-'ight, the part a man is upon or in pofieflion of a.nd his fpiir.ijjs, rights and pofleflions • -•ahovc, nloft, atcp^ vp, upivards, l.n^vjil'^ or longwile, the fpiing, tlie inclofing fpring or fide water or border part or place — heneaih, hfloiv^ doiu?i, aground, under, on the circle or fide water part or place---''^, ouiivards, abroad, arcund, at on or towards the circle or border part or {u\^---lefc7-e, faang, oi- ivardi, foriiards, alhacl, tljrcuohly, the circle, border, or con- fines part or towards or through the iwrdc-— behind, aficrn, after ^ a man or tiling's iide, fliade or hind part---«mr, nigh, on the part upon or on the cotifincs---/'rtr, far away, on the water part or from the part \\Y')n---amonzjK amid;!, inicrmixediy, largely, ividtiy. l.nther, and thither, the things furrounding or in the circle of poffefuon or about the tountry---//;t-;rj thereuLout, on or about the r 19 ] the fide or ilie water Cide-— hence, on the fide of the part upon ---theme, on the Cidc's Cide-- -tbithcv; thitherto., that way y to the fide or way xhcxe— where, Jomeivhcre, any ivhc e, whither, jorne- whether, which way, ivherein, whereto, on or to the upper or fur- rounding i\(\cs---elfewhere, on the upper fide place or firma- Ti\cn\.---acrofi, afkant afkeiv., awry, afiant, ajl^pe, athwart, crojs- wife, traveric, oblique, the fpring water or river fide place which is a (lope or fr'^m an upright line-- apart, ajunder, a/lie, he- Jides, jeparately, Jeverally, apiece, the lower put or divifion or the fide fpring water part which fevers countiies -every vjherc^ the parts extended, exiiting and fpringing---«.3 where, their ne- gatives. Of time or motion— it'/;-???, whence, the fpringing and its {\dc---how long, how often, the fpring or aclion length or fide Tonnd ;■• -once only, only but, one fide, quality or action- --/if/<:f, fcandh, the fide fprifig of two fides adtion or quality — thrice, thirdly, the iide Ipring, its divifion and quality-'-y^ar timeSf fourthly, the furrounding fpring parts or fides and qualities-— often, cftentimes, many times, the circle or furrounding fides or parts---yo often, the fide furrounding water part circle-- -j^<'r- day, the atlion, divifion or day pait-- i-r//, at fiiil in time for fpring "D'^xil--- formerly, heforehand. beforetirne, heretofore, aforetime^ yore, agone,long ago, a great while ago, Ltera/Iy, tht lowerfidehorder or paft fpring- --Z't'//M^;, by the furrounding Cidc---7i6W, already , ever, evetmore, always, in fpring, on the fpring fide, the fpring, the iurrounding fpring and or. the way or fpring---«6'z;i;'r, the negative of Ipring--^^ day, tomorrow, in the ?nor?;in^, in or at the divifion or furrounding fpring --ani'/ht, the no light fide or divifion— -K^A-r, the inclofinj; water i]dQ—-/liil, yet, afj, like- wife, item, alike, again, eftfoon, encore, afre/l:, a?ifw, while^ zvetl nigh, ahnofl, an emanation of light from above on the lower parts, fpringing up from the furface and on the Iur- rounding fpring — anon, forthwith, immediately, prefently, quietly, fjon, in motion, a fpring from the fide nie at the fide place, before fent for or the upper \\g\\i---he:ueforth, henceforward, hereafter, on the fide in forwards --then, the fide, polTcifions, or things in — thence, thenceforth, //W/f^rzt'af./, have been already explained- --/so;; after, alter one furrounding fpring or fun — foniewhile, awhile, Junutiiyies, long while, the furrounchng fide fpring either of water or light — feldom, the fea water place bor- der fuTOuntling — prematu^ ely, ovcrfom, before its fpringing to the fide or furiac; — annually, yearly, the fpring upon alternately, one after another — nt length, iajV.y, finally, ultimately, at the fide inclofing water place or other fpring fide or c >gc. *D 2 Of C 20 J Of qmntlc^., qmlitles, &c. — how nionv^ hovj fvuchF tbe upper pans or lurrounding fprings — fo many^ fo much^ the fur- rounding parts or fprings — ?nore^ t'lc fea or furroun'ing water — l.'fs^ the f.de fpri;ig water pk.cc — ablo'iftt!)'^ ivhoUy^ the furr(;unciing Atrinii water piuce---rt'/;V/f/.'T,v/r, ricHng at tiie fide water or Oiher p':"i.:f with a fubitantivc -.'.s a c^w.iViiy—ajfflc- tis'iS'f'y, pajjimatcly^ p(itb,-ti:al'ith adjectives the\ jchkni inean any thing more than the do-Mces oi comparilon and quantities, as lie moveth iaii, in,l;jf,ycr!t!y f'li}^ or more or very lait, or he fings fvveet;v or excecdinglv iwcct, but not l\\'eetiy fweet •, and adverbs like verbs exprefs fubftantivelv, activeiv, and pallively, but the properties of adverbs are belt difco'/ered at the fide of verbs or adverbs according to the import oi the name. Of CONJUNCTIONS. Conjunr'^ion ^ are active parts of fjieerli wliich conjunctively or disjuncLivel V conr.tcl: tv\c (;r more nomes, propofilions or Sentences into one fcntencc. Tlie iormer fort abfolutclv con- r\zQi them with tlieir meaning, or (miIv continue the Icntenccs wdthoHt anv compatibility of meaning, and the latter do io conditionally, exi'tpfi'.-n.dVv, or iritcrro;:ati'ic!v^ The firft forts of wl'irh are and m end, (in in ilivinon ; /'//!", by tlie ficie or tilings Icen ; yrt, it ijii-in^s or is; nlio^ on io or the furroinuiijig lea ; lihcvyijc^ the fnvic w.'v ; .'.•//, tiie litiht flowing on the lower f: 'e or things ; ahl.'^ugh, uptMi the bor- der ; n'jtrcithjiundiiv:., not oppoimg tiie former ;irL!on ; h'-Avevir, the Ipring or action ;>s it mav -, Vcverti;etrjs, wmho-.;' anv i']--ring; ^i, the earth ll:cn part or furlace : ai v.dl a. th. fur..:ce and ipring [ 21 ] Tprinp; place below or under it ; /sr, the circle or border part i therefore; before' the part upon ; luhereforey for the above caufc or circle ; becavfi'^ by the caufe or our own aclions ; ibat^ the fide or thinjT at or towards. The di,sjuncl:ives are or, the bor- der or circle part, which may belong to the one fide or the otiier ; nor, its negative or neither fide ; cither, the fide Ipring water part, whicli mav belong to cither hde j neither, the ne- gative of both ; till ox until, during the fide or furrounding Iprini:: of light ; w-/;//? and ivhilji, the upper lights flowing on the lower ])art.s ; ;/, the flow of i or life; unlejl, the fpring out or Iclicncd •, except, tiie inclohng water fide flnit out of; be- fedes, by the fides An example of their ^it\'\^^ and ufe in concord ; if our learn- ed pliilo'ophical, analogical, and moftlv approved Englifli grammarians, h;)d os 1 have dilcovcred the primitive meaning of names, they m well as I might have been fenfible that all the parts of fpcech i^r names were fignificant of things. But althoucrh their own rood {tr\{t an.d ino;cnuitv misiht have in- clined them to think favourable of my analytic invcliigations, yet thev, like the great Locke and others, fullered themfelves to be milled by the ancients, who were themfelves a'Jo mifled ei- ther by the arbitrary and corrupt fl-ate of their own languages or their prejudice againfl the revelations and opinions of fuch as they beheld with contempt, though neither could juflify the fupprelfion of their ufeful attention to the evidence produced to prove the divine origin of fpecch, mtwithjlcinding their fu- perior knowledge or fbitions ; nor can any revelations be the lefs credible merely on account of its being delivered by poor fnnple aivl illiterate men, unlejs their ignorance, folly, preju- dice or fiKitv were detectable; neither fhould the doclrine of providence be otlv.'rwife delpifcd or lufpc£led except in trifling inlbinccs, ;' themfelves fignificant cf things ; and thofe of the Englilli language with their expli- cations, are as follows : /ff, man, or hispolfeflions Inclofed ; ivit/?, the fide fpring or a woman ; within, in the fide fpring ; /o, the lide circle ; intCy or unto, man in the fide circle , a/, the lide 5 towards, fpring- ing to the circle or border fide; cf, the circle or off part; out, the fpring circle fide ; out of the fpring circle off fide ; with- cut, out of the fide fpring ; from, the furrounding parts or borders ; after, off the fide upon ; behind, by its lide ; fince, below the fide or action in •, according to, agreeing in the fame borders ; between or betiuixt, the fpring part in the fide, or the inclofing fpring water part ; among or amon^fi, the things in or about the furrounding circle or borders ', for, the border part, which determined both the right and boundary ; before, by the border part ; above, the furrounding fpring part ; up, the fpring part; on, in the circle of place and motion ; upon, the fpring part therein ; under, the fpring in the earth of water, or the roots of plants not fprung up to the earth's furface ; hzhiv, the circle fpring water part ; beneath, by the water fide, down, on the border part /)/, the part ; hefides ; by the fide ; beyond, by the inclofing circle or border fide; through, the border vatcr fide or from the fide ; over, from or out of the fide fpring water ; over and above, out of the river and furrounding fpring part ; except, the fide part lluit out of; until, during the pof- feilion of the fpring of light : and the tvvo lail names alfo ferve for conjunctions. Of I N T E R J E C T I O N S. Interjections are certain energ''\s or natural parts of fpeech or notes of exclamation of thefc>erai qualities and quautiiies or degrees of the human pa.ffiuns, alkctions and emotion'5 which are caft into or between the parts ot ditcourfes or fen- tences to denote the fune, an J in mult languages they are luch as follow : Ah, ch, ih, o, ho, euge, wlvch aiRivcly ami paffively exprefs thofe of pleafure, r( i' ii iiig, ;'L;!rlri!ig and exalting, according to the feul'e of the fcveiai 'o- is. And their tranfponents, ha, he [ 23 ] he, hi, o, ho, hu, and heu, alack, alas, fie, \roe, are expreflivc of pain, forrow, checking, calling, abhorring, and dejection of the pafTions. And they equally correfpond with the other parts of fpeech in the meaning of their letters •, as, woe, from a fpring ; alas, high low ; alack, from high ; o, from ; uh, an high fpring; ah, an high acSlion ; eh, its reciprocal return; ih, flowing high ; oh, the high circle or fun, and the tranfpo- nents are exprelllve of the contrary paflions or their being ihut out from thofe or of their abfence. Of SYNTAX. The fyntax of a particular language is the manner of rightly conitrutting words into fentences, either fmiple or compound, according to the concord, government, and arrangement fixed upon and eftabliihed in that particular language. But that of a general and rational language is the form and mode of rightly arranging and conllrudling them according to their natural concord, government and meaning, or as they repre- fent things and the order of nature. The fyntax of the primitive language was Avithout doubt of the latter fort ; in which names of themfelves, without the afTillance of art, naturaliy alTumed their proper order and fitua- tion in difcourfes and fentences ; and in which ftate they feem to have continued until their primitive meaning became gra- dually varied by the arbitrary rules of grammarians. But the Englifli language having pretty well efcaped the ill efFccrts of fuch unnatural refmements fccms Hill to retain fo much of its primitive rational flate, as perhaps to ferve for an univerfal language, without a:iy other rules or diftinctions of concord or conilruclion, than what lias been here already indicated un- der the fevcial heads. And although xre have grammars, like thofe of the Greeks and llomans, abinidantly ihilFed v/ith arbitrary rules and dif- tinefions, the Lngiidi language has not yet been bent by any arbitrary figns or rides of concord or conflruction to the gram- matical (late, {o far as to ferve for the inlliucfion of youth, but it is evidently the natural voice and converfation of the teacher, and reading th;it iidlrucl according to the genuine and na- tural princi; !cs, concord, and conitrudlion of the language ; for we may difcciu in the works of our moft approved wri- ters, a great variety of phrafes and fentences, which have been condemned or negieclcd by the grammarians, and yet as they coalefce in concord, have been adopted by our very bed: wri- ters. And it might perha-s be difiicult to tell by wliofe gram- mar it was, ih.'.L cur celebrated Shakefpeare learnt the Englilh 4 tongue r 24 ] V tdngiic, and yet Sh.nkcfpearc's works contain many very c,r- prelTive and primiiive names, concords^ and plirafes incompre- ' herifible to ouf modern critics aiid grammarians. In fliort ag ; the Englifh names ftill retain their primitive natural ftate, it is \.tTie fenie or nonfenie, tlie trulh or iaifity and meaning of tlic phr'ale or prOf;orition that diredh its order or manner of con- ftruGion. \[] It is however neceffary that the parts of any languaj^e asree in concord with one another as to cafe, gender, number, and perfon. Now as to cafes, the Englifli language expreflcs tliem by p'repdfitiovis fct in appofition to fubdantives and in eompoiitiou with verbs, and the bare pofition of fubftantivts before and after verbs, as to denote the nominative cafe or ti)c fubjufl of a propofition, its pofition ought to be before the verb, and after 'it, 'to exprefs the objective cafes, except the verb neuter, as has been already obferved. As to th^ fexes or genders of fubftantive namesj they are _diilihguiihable into the maiculinc and feminine genders, only 'as to animals and fuch other things as feem to have any analogy therewith, and thofe that feem to partake of neither fex, are named the neuter gender. And nouns adjective naturally cor- refpond with the iubflantives, as to genders as well as num- bers without any other variation than to exprefs the degrees of compariion, as do the relatives, tuho, zvhich^ and that. Nouns and pronouns naturally agree in concord ■'.\itb verbs Avithout any variations, and to lay ilown rules and dilfinclions without any real dilTerence, tends to puzzle ;ind confeiund ra- ther than illuftrate languages. And as we have already under the proper heads fully explained the connection and coidtiuciion of the feveral parts of fpeech in fentences, had not urn- gram- marians entered upoTi a mir.uter detail tbercoi than was pro- bably neced'ary, we might perhaps liere fafely take our leave of the fubjccl, and leave our very primitive language to How na- turally in its :mtient courfe, but the prefcnt flate of the Eng- Jifti grammar obliges us to add the following rensarks on the rules of conftructmg an Engliflr fentence. With refpecSl to cafes, it is obferved, that a fubllantive before a verb, except it be of the infinitive mode, nudl be ir. the nomin.ative cafe, as he ivrites ; and that fuch verbs mull ;dways have the nominative cafe either exprefled or implied ; that iric fubdantive after the verb pafiive or neuter, a>s, you atty may hscomcy or be accounted a nian^ mull; be the nondnative j but after a verb a6live or tranfitive, as, I delivered the key^ it mufh be in ion.ie of the objedUve cafes ; that the prepoiition is oltcn ■ ' iinderilood, C 25 ] U-ntkrftood, [aS after give and before the nouns of time-tha^ when a thing belongs to another, as, Alexander i horfe, or the horfe of Alexander^ the pofleflbr muft be in the genitive cafe, and to which fome other rioun muft always belong — that wliert a fubllantive is added to explain another fubflantive, as, Alex- ander the kingi they muft be both in the fatnc cafe by appofi- tlon-that the verb to be, has always the nominative cafe after it ; and that the nomintativc cafe following an auxiliary or other verb fupplies the place of the conjundiionS if and though^ as had he done, for if he had done fo. Now fome of thefe dif- tinclions of cafes may perhaps be proper as they are here ex- plained j but whatever foundation there may be for them in the Greek or Latin, or any other language whofe fyntax, as well as parts, are intire'y grounded on arbitrary principles, thti more rational Enalifli, whofe only figns or diftinclion of cafes, are exprefi prepofitions or thofe in compofition with verbs and the bare pofition of the fubftantives in concord with verbs, can receive but little advantage from fuch arbitrary or nominal diftin£lions or modes of conftru(Sling an Englidi fentence. Then as to the genders and numbers of nouns fubft.intlve, it is remarked, that a noun of multitude may have a verb or pronoun agreeing with it either irrthe lingular or plural number according to the import of the word as expreffing unity or plu-* rality, as, my people is or are foolifh, and the aifembly of the wickedhave inclofedme-thatnouns in thefingularnumber joined together by conjunctions copulative have verbs, nouns and pro- nouns agreeing with them moftly in the plural number, as So- crates and Plato ivcre wife, but if the fmgulars fo joined to- gether are of fevcral perfons, in making the plural pronoun agree with them in perfon, the fecond perfon takes place of the third, and the firft of both, as he zxmI yoti and / won it at the hazard of cur lives j you and he fliared it between you ; and when the fubjedl is a thing without pcrfunality it is ex- preffed by the neuter pronoun zV, as it happened or defcending. So that thefe rules tend to fhew that the Englifii genders and numbers arc diftinguifliable only by the meaning of things, without any variation ot terminations or other f gns than what have been already intimated. Adjeclives and participles -— aft adjeflive after the verb paffive or neuter is faid to be in the nominative calc — ad- jectives or participles are added to or put before fubftan ives to exprcfs their qualities, and in that cafe participles have the nature of adjedtives — adjectives have fometimes the infinitive * E mood [ z6 2 r mode after them, as, worthy to die — adjeftives have no van*-' tion of genders or numbers, and fome of them are derived from verbs. The diftributive pronominal adjectives, eachy every^ ehhery agree with the nouns, pronouns and verbs of the fm- gular number only, unlefs the plural nouns happen to be coi* le£tives-every adjective has relation to fome fubltantive either exprefled or implied. Adjeftives fometimes become fubftantive* and fubftantives adje£lives, as do verbs become either and either verbs, fo as to go along with the ideas of the various forts of fnbftances, qualities, and adtions. But it is farther obferved as to participles, that with prepofitions before them they anfwer the Latin gerunds, as, by doing •■, or, with the articles before and prepofitions after them, they become fubftantives, as, by the ohfervmg of which we fliould erroneoufly fuppofe perfons and participles to be gerunds and the concurrence of a prepo- fition to be necefiary to the article's fubftantiving power. Verbs ; a verb following another verb mull be in the infi- nitive mode, as, / hope to live \ to^ before a verb is the fign of the infinitive mode. The verb in the infinitive mode often itands abfolute or independent of the refl of the fentence, aa to conclude-two negatives make an alfirmaiive. Adverbs ; adverbs are added to verbs and adjeclives, to ex- prefs qualities and other circumftances, or the fame may be done by a fubftantive and prepofition \ as, I am very lonefome or by myfelf ; or, by comparing the fame quality in different fubje the freeholder, artizan, and freeman's, as well as the prelate and barons, fhare in the legiflature, on the fubdivifions of pof- feflions and other properties acquired, the periodical parlia- mentary meetings without fummons to form capitularies, the origin of bifliops, earls, headbuirows, and tything-men,, or the judges and juries, fworn to declare the truth, and the frank pledge, or iiberty of paflint; and repafiing the boundaries, which prevented die difagrecable neceifity of perfonal arrefts^ and long imprifonments for debt, for v\ ant of fpeedy trials. And though thcfe priviledges, as well as the ancient feodal government, have been altered or aboliftied in France by Charlemagne, who, having; feized the ancient fiefs into his own hands, varied them to a fpecies of benefices, which the Normans introduced into England, they have been with ge- neral confent of prince iind people happily preferved, regulat- ed and confirmed in Britain by cur wifcr Alfred and his fuc- cefPors, by the moll facred ties, according to the concomi- tancy of power and polFeffion, and the anciently approved Knglifh niaxim, that what concerned all ought to be treated by all, ho'.^evcr the fervices annexed may have been here va- ried. And the like tranfitions from the original patriarchal mode of government to the feodal, or monarchical, have been made by the Jews in the days of Saul, according to i »Sam. chap. viii. and afterwards in Greece, Italy, and ancient Cel- tica. Nor did the Romans abolilh the clan mode in Britain, but permitted the Britons to enjoy their ancient government, under the comites, earls, or knights of the landmen, and al- dermen of the Teamen, infleadof the druids, whom they expel- led. Ai:d as it appears by the foregoing eiray,that our tenures and * F government r 34 ] got^ernmfcnt are founded uport, and coexiflent with ttie original divifion of countries, according to the fcheme of Providence in the government of the world, to deviate from this plan muft be dire£l treafon againft the Author and Governor of all things. Though the clan or ntriarchal mode of government gene- rally prevailed in Britain till the Saxon hcptarchyj it feems probable that there was feme deviation from it towards an ariftocracy, before the arrive;] of th. Unmans ih the country j for the pov/erful clans of the Coritrni, the fpreading borders^ according to the Pf man policy, of encouraging foreigners to become Roman citizens, in order *:o extend their empire, had extended their borders far beyond their original limits, into the countries of the Cornavii and Brigantes, and at lafl found- ed the united flates or cantons of the itvtn Burgenfes or Loe- gria, whofe metroiDoHs was Leiccfter, and afterwards the king- dom of Mercia, and finally that of Great Britain ; and thence the flory of GeofFery of Monmouth, of Locrin, Alhanaft, and Camber, the fens of Brutus, after their father's death, di- viding the kingdom of Britain in three parts, called Loegria^ Albania, and Cambria It was from this union of the Britiili clans and their dialects that the tngiilh language and nation chiefly derive their origin, as appears by innumerable proofs in the foregoing eflay, and the following fpecimen of primary radicals, varioufly fpringing from the mutable confonants, and made ufe of in different parts of Britam as appellative names of places, according to their feveral qualities and fituar tion,and the bafis of different dialects, v/hich aflbciated in the country and language of the Coritani, fo as to form the pre- itm EngiiHi dialect and local appellatives, and prove the pre- fent Englifh to be the genuine progeny of the original planters and land cultivators of this ifland. Nor are iuch radical names to be met with in any other country, neither do they ditfer from the Celtic meaning uf things, or from one anotlier, by any arbitrary, irregular, or foreign mixture or otiierwife, but as fome are more compounded or tranfpofed than others, and thus the reft of our names ^t:.i.:r(\ to corrtipond. But, though the people and hnguage of Britain thus clearly appear to be of ♦he fame Celtic origin, yet it is as evident that fome of every Celtic rpecies are in ponre/Tion of every country in ancient Celti- ca, whofe names of pc' Tons and places, invariably made ufe of, and as appellatives, alluding to the radical or generical names, c!ea-]y diflinguifh them. And the following fpecimen alfp confirms the foregoing definitions of letters, as for inflance, le arid pc, the water place, and water part of man and earth, or the penis flowing between the le^s and a river. f 3^ I fe,N<;LiSHi Danmonii. Durotrig^. A part or water part;") Pe, peth, par, ba, Pe, here, bri, J§^ A p!ace or water! ber} k, ley, pji If place f A fea } a pool or "J Morj pOol Mor ; pool lake An baven, barboUr,"] Aber, port, dor, Aber, port, dQr, port or water gate ( mouth mouth A well or fpring, a"| Bur, au, auc, ex, il, Au, auc, car, ftur; river or fide river ; I low ; comb kil, wey ; coomb, ham u vale or river fide ( glin, hamp A way or road; a") Ford; rhyd; pontj Ford; rhyd; blaa ford or water way ; I Ian or lang abridge or ferry; a f river bank or lane J A border, mere, TKir, mar, mod, tor, Cor, egg, (hit coaft, edge or con- / min, pen, tot, egg lines I A field, park or o-l Cae Ca - • ther inclofcd piece ( of ground | A country, neigh- 1 Bro, bod, land Bro, fro, bury, burn, bourhood, or habi- / tir, bod * tation I An houfe, hall, orlTu, lus; tre, ton, Don, ton; cheiler palace; town, bur- I ftou; kaer row; city | A ftone, rock, bank,l Carrock, earn, pen, Crek, (lone hill, promontory or I hill head, mountain I A grove, wood, fo- 1 Coet, cot, wot Wot, Wood reft F5 Bete A. [ 36 ] BeLQJE. ATTREBAT-ffi. R E C N I. Ber, man, mon •, le, Beth, ber, far 5 la, Pet, beth, man, dar; bcl, bley le, ley le, leigh, ble Mil, mcr, fea, fhe, fo IMar, fea Aber, por, let. Let port, mouth Gate, mouth Au, auc, ex, ver, Fer, ver, wan, Bur, ver, gull, au, lesy lu, ly; coomb, white, well, ock, auc, oke, ote, wa, chill, cham, ham, maid j coom, ham, van ; , coom, den, fom, dol comp ham, dale Ford ; rhyd, rith ; Ford ; read ; bret. Ford, wick ; Ian, Ion, Ian, lang long, ling ling, clan, fus, futh Cad, can, chard. Beck, ing,1am, coin, Chor, hor, cher, crock, greke, lock, ox, (hri, fliell grin, mer, ing, ing, ling fin Cae Cae, field Cae, cha Bro, bri, bury, ter, Bro, bri, bury, Bro, bri, bury, land, worth, bod bourn, worth, burn, ter, land, land, fy bo J, worth Tu, ftu ; tre, don. Ton j chi fton ; chi Ton; chi, chefter Lech, eerie, pen, Lech, dun dun Perth or berth, kl. Wood wythie, wyde or tvood Ban, down, hill Cote, wood, hurft Cant-«. [ 37 ] Cantje. Dobuni. Catteuchlami. Be, de, dar ; le Be, bar ; k, ley, Be, bea, ber, fer ; cley le, ley, ieigh, cley Mer, mil, fhe Sea, fe s Dor, dover, let Dor Port, gate Dur, au, auc, wye, Lyd, avon, whit. Win, cufe, euch, went, well, maid, wes, puck j coom, oak, buck, ware, fever } coom, ham den, ham lu; bal, den, ham Ford, wick ; rith, Ford, wick ; rhyd i Ford, wick, ftrat ; (hut ; lang, ling, olaneag, aid Ian, lang, fulon fand, fend Can, ken, cow, ox, Cher, kir, fcier. Mere, ing, catti» hor, mere, ing, chad, chep, glo, dock, her, grave, folk, gren ingle, ring, thorn, green ftoke Che, chac Cae, cha, field Cha, field Bro, bury, born, Bro, bri, bury, burn, Bro, bury, burn, hi, worth lade, land, bi, bod bed, bod, worth Ton, borrough i Tuj ton; chi Tuj tonj chaer chi, chefter Stone, pen, hill. Lech, rich, ban Dun, chil, ridge ncfle Wood, hurfl Wood, hurft Cot, wood Trinobantes. V 3« ] T-RijfbB ANTES. CORITANI. C O It N A V H. ' Pri, bar, dra; le, Be, bra, der } la, le, Bar, bra, da, darf lea, ley ley, ble man ; le, ley, leigh, pel, bel, bli Mor; lya Mer, fi, fey; lyn Mer, fey} poU . ' Aber, porth, thor, Tliorp Bret, port thorp, gate Biir, dur, au, auc, Bur, ver, brook, 'au- Bur,dur, ftur, tbtirs, lM*ent,low, wall, hen, von, oke, afh, tow, ons, wye, we, well, hun, ux; cam, comb, wye, cley, fley, col, cley, cIifF,han;romb den, glen, dol, ham mowiden,dale,ham den, dale, ham, val Ford ; rith j long, Ford ; rud ; pon, Ford, road, way ; Ian, lang, fud pont, bridge rhyd ; bridge ; Ian, iang Cro, gron, for, mer, Cor, gra, nor, mar, Cor, wor, nor, ken, ing, ching, thorn, kim, mel, ing, keft, coft, feck,ing, ox thorn, keft, ax, thorn, tam, pen, wake, pen fin Ca, chcj file, field Cae, ca, cba, field Ca, cha, che, feld, field Bro, bury, burn, Bro,brun, ter, land, Bro,bri,burn, bourn, bery, tir, land, by, by, bod, wrth, bos, ar, ter, land, bigh, worth viil by, bewd, bos, worth Tre, dray, don, ton, Tre, ftre, don, ton; Tre, dra, try, don^ burrough ; car car, char, bar, ches, ton; char, har, cefter, chefter ches, celler Brun, dun, down Rock, dun, mont Licb, brin, dua Cot, wait, wood, Cote, wood Cott, cote, wood hurft SlLUREf [ 39 J 8ittJ»i» »Bd DiMiTA. Or DO VICES* BaiGANTEf4 Pcth, trc, bre, rad ; Ba, pe,l)er, der, red, Ba, bar, ber daf^ Ja, le, ley man; la, le, ley man; le, ley, lay» pie, pley, pel Mor, mil, og; p-wl, Mor, og} pwl, lyn, Mor; poole Jyn lac Aber, dqr, port or, Aber, porth, dor Abcr, thor, thorp ponh A-uc, ock, btic, uflc, Fynon, avon, wy, Bur, dur, thur, urc, fwa,yfl:, wye, wyth, wyg, wys, wen, cell, ans,wit;,ote,ous,ri, fynon,welI,cil,henj dur, clyd, rug; bala, cald,mus;cum,chuni cwm,glin,den.hamp cwm, glyn, den,glas hum,ham,gles,dalc Ford; rhyd ; pont. Ford or forth ; rhyd, Ford, torthe; pont, bridge; Ian, ion, ruth; pont ; kil, bri.lge; Ian, lang> lane Ian, Ion Ion, kil, cli Cwr, garth, to, can, Cwr, garth,tc, mon, Cro, kir, crack,mar, mar, mon,ken,nid, can, kim, mencu, mafh, mit, made, neath, pen, fin pen, min, fin thorn, cope, nid, pen, pon Maes, cae, che, field Cae, maes Ca, cha, fhea, field Bro, bri, fraw, lal, Bro, bri, fraw, tir, Bro, bor, bom, bra, tir, glad, by, bod, tal, glad, by, bod, burn, are, land,by, wrth wrth bod, wort Tu, bus, hall; tre, Tu, letu, betus, lus; Houfe, leeds; caer, ton; din, caer, car, tre;dinas, car,chur, char, fliir, chefter, cefter har caller Careg, maen, craig, Lech, careg, maen, Stone, roch, fcar» cam, cefn, dun, craig, cam, bryn, dun, mond bryn, moneth rhiw, gait, moueth Coed, fil, wood I.wvn, coed, den, Calle, wood kelle Ottadimi. r 4«» ] OtTADINI. Gadeni.&c.orthc lowlands. Calledonia, or HIghiandit Petb, ber, tin, thir; Bar, bri, dea, dee, Ber, pertb,bra, bar- la, Ic thir, fter, men ; la, din, far, er, ray.ar- le doch, mar, man, manoch ; la, le, lo Mor, og, fe Sc; locb, lough Mar; logh, lin Port, mouth, gate Bortb, brotk Aber, broth, dor Wal, well, otte, kes, Au,lau,lid,wig,efk, We, us, cul, leave, hope col, rox, ren, drum, buqu, mur, dou, teifiicIyd,cwm,don, drum, hanjbala, comb glas, dale, fal, ham kil, glen, dale, &c. Wick; rut; bridge; Ford, forth, way ; Strath, ruth, reud, Ian frith ; kyle, Ion, kyle, futh, len, lane l^ng, bruach Cor^ nor, kirk Char, craw, merch, Cro, kir, for, tor, mers, mait, ing,ox, ing, kin, can, ang, pen, phin mem, ialk, neth Ca Ca Bury, land Fraw, land, bod, Bro, ar, tir, land, hot fife or five Caer, chefter Tre, ton ; burgh ; Din ; don ; burgh caer Dun, flone Stone, rick, carrick, Crag, cam, dun,bo], crag, uchil, dun, born, bryn, alben, knoc, ceantir, nefle ccaiitir, neiIe,mont Wood Coil Coil, calle Having [ 4' ] Having thus fixed the etymological fclence, and given proper hints towards fettling the origin of nations and original knowledge on a firm bafis, we fliall here add a few more curfory obfervations on the whole of the foregoing work. Andj in the firft place, ue fubniit it to the confideration of the learned, whether f:i;ce the etymological fcie?ice and primitive meaning of languages and names or places and things, which are equally appellative, have been explained with certainty »nd prei-ifion, they will not clearly explain and diilinguifli the origin of all languages, nations, people and things, accord- ing to that analo:-;y which ap^^'ears to fubfill betwixt all fylLcms, and point out in particular the firlt planters of Europe, at leall on this fide the Vilbula, Taurica Cherfoncfes, Hellefpont and Gades, to be the Celtes or Gomerites, from whofe language all the names of places, countries, perfons, nations and dialc9:s feem to be derived : and thou^ii^h fome have imagined the Sclavonic and Teutonic to be European originals, if it may not be more probable that they fprung from a mixture of the Celtic and the ogum or fluctuating dialects of feamen, who liad no concern in the cultivation of countries or original impo- fition of the names of places, fince all the ladical names of places, perfons and dialects now appear to be of one and the fame Celtic original. If then the Englifh fliould appear to be the beft Celtic dialedl and the original Ian • guage of the Europeans, why fiiould it not be refiored as the general language of thofe countries? It is alfo conceived that the originality of nations flandi: in the fame order as the Roman alphabet, which was probabIvfi:^ed with that view at the extent of the lloman empire, and that their ori- gin, confiftent with their radical and derivative names, which are derived from the refpeclive countries, muft, like the names of countries and things, all correfpond with the form of infledling the radical and derivative confonants in the foregoing grammar, whereby m and ph or f appear to be derivatives of rhe radicals p and b, g, n and ch of c, and d, n and th oft ; as for itiflance the Phrygians, Phryfians, Franks, JMauriiani:;ns, Alerini and Marcomans muft have fprung from th.c Beri, Bcriges, Cum-beri and Britons ; the Galli or Gauis, and Gomeri from the Calle, Kelle or Celtie and Cwmbri, and the Thracians from Tyras the younger fon, offspring or nation of Japhct, and fo aj to thofe nations who have the auxiillary confonants for their radi- cals according to the explanation thereof in the laid grammar. Hence, conliitent with venerable Bede, we n.ay fafely con- clude that the proper Britons, v.lio were the frit poifcflbrs of that part of the iHind called Briiaiu or the fouthern part., and *G ths [ 42 ] tKeBrigantcsot'the tiorthern p^rts migrated here from die Merini of Armoiican Gau!, who came from the iberi of Spain, tlie defcendants of the Ikriges and by Avhom a confiderable part of Ireland was planted, and from whom the Scots and Saxons are modly defccnded, but thev were moftly feafaring people. That thofe were fucceeded or rather aecompanied by the land- men of Gallia Comata called Calle, Kclle or Celt;e, who pof- feffed the river fides, vales and midland countries, leaving the fea coafh to the Britons, Scots and Saxons, and from whom came the Caledonians and Pich. And that thofe were fuc- ceeded by the Cuinbc i or Cumberi-Gauls of Galiia Bracata and Togaiia or the upper countries or borders, who had been incorporated by the fufl Hercules with thofe of the Comata, and from whom the Gauls, VVclili or Cumbri of the Iter Cymbrorum, Wales, ami the countries betwixt the Humber and Twcede, and on the weilern fide to Dunbarton, and other confiderable parts of England, Scotland and Ireland, feenr to be defccnded. And from a mixture of all thefe the prefent inhabitants of Britain and Ireland derive their origin. But there were the like migrations of thofe people over the Rhine into Germany and Denmark, fo that thofe countries feem to be copies of ancient Gallia, as Gaul was of Thrace, Dalmatia, Italy and Spain, and thofe of the lelTer Afia or Natolia and Greece ; the firil being more particidariy the Titans, Frifians and Britons ; the fecond, the Celtiberi and Caiabrians, and the third, the prefent Englifli, as well as mod branches of the Danes, Swedes, Germans and French ; but then it is to be under- floood that the latter comprehend all the former emigrants. The Cumbri, of the Comata, and other Gauls, probably by the Druids, governed Europe, and divided the countries by rivers and motes into conimots and cantons, according to tlie form and difpofition of Eden and the capital Roman letters, and always regularly dwelt in cities; leaving the open fpaces betwixt the borders of the refpcci-liive cantons and the fea coafts, as forells and heaths for the ufe of the nomades or (hepherds, feanien and merchants. And their migrations were made and vicinity prefcrved regularly from Eall to Wefl in ftrect? from Afia to the remotefl parts of Ireland, as appears from many circumlhinces and proois in the ioregoing and former Eifays. The incorporation of Hercules, which produced the Gauls or Cumberi, and of the Romans, v/ho vaifed levies in the fouth to guard the northern parts, i.nd fent others from thence to guard the fouth ; and other iubfequent intermixtures have caufed an agreeable and pleafmg vurie^v, which jElill appea'-s ill [ 43 ] in the very fliapes, countenance?, complexions and diipontions of the prefent Englini : But fome ot" the Scots and Iridi clans having for many ages avoided any intereourfe or commerce with Itrangcrs, or even with each other, have contracted fomewhat of a famcncfs peculiar to themlelves, though a high-' land laddy with a lowland lafly liave produced many a homiy Englifh beam. And as the diiivutes ])ct\vixt the Scots, Pitls, Saxons and Britons, on the retreat ot tiie Romans from Britain, feem to have heen no other than a civil war betwixt the fame people and the Scots and Hnglif]!, appear to be of the fame origin, and a greater intereourfe and coinmcrce betwixt the individuals of each country, might tend to a difiipation of the fpirit of p-.'.rties and prejudice anct the natioiinl union, it feems more ad\ iicablc co promote fiicii an intcrcourfj by every proper method than dilhefs each oilier. AiKl -A'cre leafes of the waitcs and uncultivated groun^ls in Enghuul and Scotland granted to fuch of the Engliih and Scots a'; would iritermarry, and fub- mit to refide in cither country, and frequent church and kirk indifcriminatcly, all Uiarks of diftiriClion, as to arbitray rites and cuflonis removed or con.iormed, and all opprobrious party names droppctl, or lomcwhat more exprelfive made ul'e oi\ as, Doiio, Cons, and Ferrets, it might perhaps in fome nieafure be produclive ci that cnA, and habituate the Scots to tlie ancient cuiloms and coinnjon law of England, which dilfer foinev\diat from thofc ot Scotland, as the latter par- takes more of the Roman than the former, and th-.m we may perhaps be io happy as to dilier only upon ju(l and cquitab'e princi,-Ies. Auvl though it v.-as the v.-iil oi Providence, in the col(Mnzing age, to caule a difperfion ot mankind bv the con- fufiC'n of language, the tendency of our Saviour's advice for a reunion, the growth of moirarchies, the illuftration and re- ftoration o[ languages, and various other circumfbances in tliis age of cultivation and improvement, indicate the will of Provi- dence to be towartls a reunion. And were maiddnd once brough.t back r.gain to fpeak one language with prceifion, it feems probable that they would ot courfe become of one opi- nion, and that Britons of all denominations woultl reunite under the moil general name of Englifli, or the iOand men. And to prove the confufion of knowledge to be the cncQ of that ot langua.ge, we ri^'cd ordy recur to our late altercations M-ith refpccl to the America government, the right of the collec- tive body to a rcpreientation in parliament and tiic priviic'ees of the de,)uted members in their feparatc ibite over the cu'icc- Li\ebody, for want of a due concepcion of the liid princiiiics *G 2 or . [ 44 ] tr original divine frame of government on v/hich the Engltfh conftitution was founded, but with which we might have been fufficicntly furnifhed by a right definition of the terms of oi'.r faws and tenures and names of p'aces and things : For, though both parties mufl have meant to f\ipport the public libtrties, as V'ell as their refpeftivc claims, each fecmed to purfue a courfe 4ireclly oppcfite to the propofed end, namely, our colonies ftruggled hard to fhake or get rid of the EngUfli conftitution, and to fubjctl themfelves to a charter or rega! conftitution of goverimient, and the houfe of reprefentatjves v/ere as refolute to prevent it, and at the fam.c tim.e of fupporting an authority ever their conflitucnt<- But had the origin and principles of our government been invefligated by the names of things which clearly fhew the natural and political divificns of coun- tries and pofTcirions and the original foundation of government and order of the world revealed to our forefathers, as in the fore- going work, without doi:bt each fide would have purfv.ed a very different conduft for the prefervation of their rcfpe6tive rights and powers ; fince they could not have imagined that any party or body of Englifh people could make a conquefk of the red, or annihilate the EngHlh conftitutiori, without the mutual ruin and dclbuction of the whole people and country. It v.-ould he endlcfs to produce fpccimens of the powers of languages in the invefligation of things. It is fhortly the author's plan in his feveral effays to invcftigate the origin of lan- guageSj nations, knowledge and opinioris, fo as to introduce a.n univc.fal language on the firft natural principles ol fpeech, to rcflorc ancient knoivledge, and reuniie manknid. 'lo that end he has at leaft atteiTiptcd to ilicw that hum.an fpeech deri\'es its origin from revelation, th:;t letters, as real characters, as well as reprcfentatior.s of found', have a nai'vnl conctpoudcrice with, and, like names, are Cf.m.plcirly cxprclhvc ot ideas and things, as their natural aichetypcs, of vhich larger n.amcs and Sentences arc ccmbination<^i, and as fuch tlic r<"p''ci':'nt;-tioTis of the various fvRcms or ci'cl'^s of tliitigs I'pori tin'lc princi; 1 s all forts of names holh ofplac'S and tilings, wr.ich arc equally appellative have been deHned, and an imivcrtai Kngliili j;ramm,ir framed agreeable to the o iginal a:-.d natural con(uijC.lir,n ot fpeech, and the rationa' and proper arrangements of'eufe and A)unds, in whicli the Englifti and other grammars, are of courfe corrccled. A)ul after producing various fpccimens of tlic povvcrs of letters in the invcfligation ot things in fupnort of his <.'ef!ni-'.ons, t'le ori;,:n, Icarnir.g, cuiioms, manners ando.iniens of people are in ivmf meaiute explained by tlic names oi '7 ' F-^'^"^'. '[ 45 ] pcTfons, places and things ; and thofe fupporteJ by the opinions of ancient writers. And if we compare the names of perfons with thofe of places from whence the former are derived, and duly revife and rectify the annals of our country by the foregoing efTay, wc fliali be fu^ly convinced that the individuals have been fo well intermixed, that feme of every fort may be met with in every Celtic country ; and as fuch a connexion mutually redounds to our advantage and g'ory, and tends to the reiteration of peace and unanimity amongft us, we fhould inftead of coun- teracling the ends of Providence as well as the author's en- deavours, and wilfully and perverfely depreciating our feveral origin and antiquities, mutually concur in the profecution of the author's plan. But fo far are we at this time from fuch a purfuit, that not only the hacks, quacks and puffs of all countries, but alfo gentlemen, and fome of Englilh extraftion, perhaps without knowing it, and merely to gratify vanity and national prejudice, or for amufement, bufdy employed in fepa- rating and depreciating the origin and antiquities of Great- Britain, and promoting divifions amongft mankind. Had our Pars in parfon, and its infle^lion with mac prefixed, fignifving the fon of parfon, the fon of Par, of Engiifli origin, a little more deliberately examined the matter, our learned antiquaries, with- out doubt, would have feen that no diftinclion in favour of the Scots and Irilh, exclufive of the Englifh, can be juftly deduced, either fromhifloryor etymology, derived fromthe language of the fifft poUcflors, cr of thofe who impofed the names, but that whatever had a tendency towards lelTening the one, muft de- preciate the other, but thofe gentlemen have unfortunately re- fj»rted to the wrouii dialect for their definitions of a fevv de- tached n;imcs, and looked upon our antiquities merely through the falfe medium of the ancients, inftead of availing themfeives as they ouiiht, olour late publications. It is liowever to be hoped that our little eff.iy on the Orphcm ftrings, has at laft forced out the truth from things inanimate and cieanfed the Augean fta- bic, fotli.it v»-e may ;'.'i clearly fee its bjttom, and convince all v.iiu ckli'.dcrs oF iiiv:inrLlvc>. and others, that the origiu and antiquities of the i'n;;-!ifh nation and language arc inferior to none, and induce them to national love and fellow feelin.,, and to ^lov in the name ot an Englilhman, and their near aniance to the fi it people of Kujope, the replenifliers, cultivators, and governors oi the earth, and chief pronu)ters of the wife cnd.s of Providence , hut as to tr.oic {]^:n ni;,v ftill fcek after a fuperior oiiviu and -antiquity to the Ei'.g'ilh, they will at laft find them- feives to be in the purfuit of " a vain imaginary notion that draws in [ 46 ] IB rjwnnd unexperienced men to fces Euridice, the Imver fpria^ rrua-t-r ft le or female ; and Orpheu:-;'s jotirney to cHc realms oi i'luto to fct his wife E'u'ulce tree, mej.ns his going \v.",h f.'olo'.nes to the wei^ern fpring u-itcr pa'ts to dr.i'n ♦he country. Ih' was ninffr of Hcrcu'es, v. hrfL' employment uys af the fame nnture in clennfing Aer^ea^.'s Ih-.Me or tl,c jla^.di> g fpy^'-g •'j: at ar places, by draining ri-ers thrcuigh them, o.x niai-.iiig drnins for their difcbarge into the iea. They appenr from wirious in- ftances cxplair.ed in the forrgfvards an union of langn.ig'es and people, is founded on the right principles of invedigaiing tfje lubjecis, and contains a juff repreientation of things, it iv.vrf at lead: ferve as a ted of the real defirns and puijvjfcs <;f ;:;v fcl!oy>? labourers, and th.e Inuxriry oi onr iiiteiuioii towards a coalition and union; lor rliole rh.at ;\re i-i:u',.'ie therein, vii! apiTose oi every well mca!U ilep towariis it, i:ut oihe.s v. liO eriterrain dif- ferent viewL., will at Icall oiivx-jlv eondenm it. I 1 N f? , •■ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. Yi ^ 9 1962 rrr- .RtC'D t^^. ^ m^ \ MAI A.M. ■ 7!8;9 J C E ! ¥ E D N L.OAiM D^SK P.M. orm L9-50m-9,'60(B3610E4)444 ;aWornia, Los Angeles L 006 316 684 7 'fi^--^ \i4^.f- -^\^^^ '■'? JS&i ....^^Jkvial'