IC-NRLF 603 CONCRETE WORKER'S REFERENCE BOOKS Concrete Floors and Sidewalks By A. A. HOUGHTON Author of "Concrete from Sand Molds," "Ornamental Concrete Without Molds," Etc. ^A//. Being Number 2 of this Series * The Norman W. Henley Publishing Company 132 NASSAU STREET NEW YORK Houghton's Concrete Worker's Reference Books POPULAR 50c. HAND BOOKS Concrete Wall Forms . . . . 50c. Concrete Floors and Sidewalks . . 50c. Practical Silo Construction . . 50c. Molding Concrete Chimneys, Slate and Roof Tiles 50c. Molding and Curing Ornamental Concrete 50c. Concrete Monuments, Mausoleums and Burial Vaults 50c. Molding Concrete Bath Tubs, Aquariums and Natatoriums . . . 50c. Artistic Concrete Bridges . . . 50c. Constructing Concrete Porches . 50c. Molding Concrete Flower Pots, Boxes, Jardinieres, Etc. . . . 50c. Molding Concrete Fountains and Lawn Ornaments ..... 50c. Concrete for the Farm and Shop . . 50c. Houghton's Other Practical Concrete Books Concrete from Sand Molds . . . $2.00 Ornamental Concrete Without Molds . 2.00 A special circular of an]) of the books toill be sent on request. Any of these books sent prepaid on receipt of the price. THE NORMAN W. HENLEY PUBLISHING Co. 132 NASSAU STREET, NEW YORK CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS A PRACTICAL TREATISE EXPLAINING THE MOLDING OF CONCRETE FLOOR AND SIDE- WALK UNITS, WITH PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL SURFACES, ALSO THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLAIN AND REINFORCED MONOLITHIC FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS. COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS ARE GIVEN FOR ALL CLASSES OF THIS WORK, WITH ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE EASILY CONSTRUCTED MOLDS FOR DIAMOND, HEXAGONAL AND OCTAGONAL FLOOR TILE By A. A. ^OUGHTON Author of " Concrete from Sand Molds," " Ornamental Concrete Without Molds," Etc., Etc. Fully Illustrated iicith Original Drawings NEW YORK THE NORMAN W. HENLEY PUBLISHING CO. 132 NASSAU STREET 1914 COPYRIGHTED, 1914 AND 1910, BY THE NORMAN W. HENLEY PUBLISHING Co. PREFACE IT has been the purpose of the writer to treat the subject of molding concrete floors and sidewalks in the most complete manner, covering not only the molding of plain floor and walk surfaces but the pro- duction of the most ornamental effects, by employing mosaic concrete floor tile. The rules of construction are taken up in the reg- ular order as the work would progress, treating fully the essential points on foundations and the placing of the forms, as well as materials, proper proportion- ing and mixing, placing and tamping, size of slabs, joints, and finishing the surface. Causes of defects in the work should be of value, as it is common practice for many workmen to injure the concrete in the manner outlined. In addition to the general rules of construction, the simple metal form for securing "expansion joints and holding the side forms will be invaluable, as well as the machine for molding curb and gutter. The reader cannot but agree with me that often the very simplest methods and materials secure the greatest success, as will be proven by the simple and easily made strap-iron forms to mold diamond, hex- agonal, octagonal, and other forms of mosaic floor 7 293071 8 PREFACE 1.1 i ^ >-.. , tile and blocks. This simple mold is also available to mold any form as a separate unit, thus permitting the worker to mold the floor, sidewalk, or porch floor finish in the shop, and laying same when finished and fully cured. This enables the curing of the tile to be more perfectly done than when laid directly upon the floor surface. The construction of reinforced, hollow concrete floor slabs, as fully illustrated and explained, enables the worker to perfect damp-proof floors, no matter where laid. This is an invaluable feature for resi- dence floors and for such structures where perishable articles are to be stored. The subjects of interlocking floor units and the reinforcement of floors and walks is also fully treated, in as complete a manner as it is possible to give in a book of this size. Every effort has been made to ex- plain each point in the plainest and most easily un- derstood manner, which the writer trusts will meet with the approval of every worker who desires prac- tical information on the every-day problems of flooi and walk construction. A. A. HOUGHTON. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE CAUSES OF DEFECTIVE FLOORS AND WALKS .... 13 FOUNDATIONS .15 CONSTRUCTING FORMS AND THICKNESS OF SLABS ... 16 MATERIALS FOR GOOD CONCRETE 17 PROPORTIONING AND MIXING 19 PLACING AND TAMPING THE CONCRETE 22 SIZE OF SLABS AND EXPANSION JOINTS 22 PLACING AND FINISHING SURFACE 23 TOOLS FOR FINISHING FLOORS AND WALKS .... 27 METAL FORMS FOR EXPANSION JOINTS 31 MACHINE TO MOLD CURB AND GUTTER 32 How TO PREVENT DEFECTS IN WORK 34 CURING THE WORK 37 COST OF THE WORK 38 ORNAMENTAL SURFACES FOR FLOORS AND WALKS ... 39 MOLDS FOR MOSAIC FLOOR TILE .40 MATERIALS AND COLORS FOR SURFACES 45 MOLDS FOR HEXAGONAL BLOCKS AND TILE .... 46 LAYING CONCRETE FLOOR TILE ........ 49 MOLDING HOLLOW CONCRETE FLOOR SLABS .... 51 INTERLOCKING FLOOR SLABS . 56 ADJUSTABLE BRACE FOR SHORING ....... 58 REINFORCING FLOORS AND SLABS 59 FOREWORD IT is the purpose of the writer to present in this series of books a complete explanation of various successful methods of concrete construction that may be employed by the beginner as well as by the more experienced worker. I shall endeavor to give the details of molds and ideas that are not covered by patents, such as may be easily and cheaply con- structed; hence the reader is not compelled to pur- chase expensive patented molds before putting into practise the many successful types of concrete con- struction I have exhaustively described in this series. There is no practical value to the reader in explain- ing a patented system of construction, other than a few words on its merits, as the owners of same are always pleased to give this information; hence in going outside the beaten track of concrete authors and presenting ideas, systems, and molds that are practical, successful in operation, and, above all, easily and simply constructed, I trust that I have merited the sincere gratitude of all fellow workers in the concrete field who seek such information. Yours very truly, A. A. HOUGHTON. 11 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS THE main result demanded in a concrete floor or sidewalk is strength and durability, and closely con- nected with this is an even and smooth surface, that is closely bonded with the foundation, and capable of withstanding the wear to which the work will be subjected. The only excuse for a defective walk or floor of Portland cement concrete lies either in poor materi- als, inexperience in handling same, improper propor- tioning of the material, careless work in placing, or a total disregard for the load the work must carry, which leads to making the floor or walk entirely in- adequate in point of strength for the stress it must undergo. Concrete is one of the most abused building ma- terials in use to-day, and the astonishing results it gives under such mishandling is proof of its great value when properly used. It will always have ene- mies who can point to the failures, many of them caused by dumping the materials together in a hap- hazard manner, using aggregate that is filled with clay and other soils, sawdust, etc., giving this mix- ture a few turns with the shovel and then dashing 13 14 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS several pails of water over same and placing in the forms without tamping or observing any of the rules of good construction. Such work is called concrete, and must stand side by side with the work of careful men as the results of this material in the public eye, who wonder why it does not give the wonderful results that is claimed for it. There are certain rules that must be observed in this work, and success hinges entirely upon how much attention is given to same. Simply because one job was laid without any regard to proper method of construction and is satisfactory, is not an argument that the same can be repeated, as the conditions vary in every case. The atmospheric conditions are not always the same, so the work placed on a damp, cloudy day has a better chance than when it is hot and dry, and no precautions are taken to prevent the work drying out too fast. The drainage and founda- tion of the work may be entirely different, and the gravel used may be more evenly proportioned, as in no quarry or pit does it run the same entirely throughout. To properly understand the subject, it will be necessary to explain the various precautions as they would occur after the walk or floor is decided upon, with the grade, etc., staked out. FOUNDATIONS The sidewalk to be laid or the concrete floor placed directly upon the ground, must have proper drainage, CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS 15 so that no water can accumulate under same, other- wise the work will be heaved up by frost in the winter; and if it does not crack, will at the least be thrown out of position when the soil again settles. It is thus essential that if the ground does not pro- vide proper drainage, it must be secured either by tiling or a filling of stone and gravel, or in the event of sidewalks drainage may be provided through the curb. In many cases tile may be laid to the sewer, where there is no opportunity to employ a cheaper method with success. Next to the drainage the soil upon which the walk or floor is laid must be considered. Where filling is done it must be made proof against being washed out, thus causing the walk to settle and break. The best materials for filling under walks and floors are steam cinders, and, in the absence of these, crushed stone or gravel may be employed. Where there is danger of flooding, the sides of the fill should be faced with stone, so as to prevent the smaller ma- terial from being washed away. Where floors are laid in damp cellars an adequate drain should be provided, and this covered with from 6" to 12 " of cinders, crushed stone, or gravel, so as to insure the proper carry-off of all water under the floor. Where floors are laid other than upon the ground, the walls must be able to withstand the load, and care be given to the rigid shoring or bracing of the forms or centering, so that it will not be deflected by 16 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS the weight of the concrete placed in forms, and the vibration caused by placing and tamping the ma- terials. FORMS FOB THE WOBK AND THICKNESS OF SAME The forms for a cement walk may be made of any straight scantling of the proper width. As the mini- mum thickness of a cement sidewalk in successful practise is 4", 2x4" scantlings may be used and placed among the lines of walk and held in position by stakes. Where the walk is to be 5 " in thickness, a one-inch piece, nailed to the top of the 2 x 4", solves the problem. A 4 " walk is employed over a solid foundation in many cities, and gives good satisfaction. The base is laid 3" or 3i", and with a top coat of I" to I" in thickness. This may also be employed for such floors as are not to be subjected to a heavy loading. Where the floor is to be used as a driveway, the minimum thickness should be a total of 5 ", and this increased to 1" where the loading is exceptionally heavy. Where the sidewalk spans a fill that is positive to be washed out or affected by frost, or a portion of the floor that must carry a heavy piece of machinery, it should be reinforced with J " iron bars, placed 9 " apart in each direction. The woven wire reinforce- ment may also be employed upon ground floors that are subject to a heavy strain. Where floors are erected above the ground in any building, the reinforcement is a necessity, and CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS 17 must be determined by the loading the floor will have. The forms used for concrete work should be free from warp, and strong enough so as not to spring out of shape when the concrete is placed against same. Where forms are used for the second time they should be cleaned from all particles of dirt and mortar that may be clinging to them. Any centering or forms for floor and sidewalk work must have the upper edge conform to the fin- ished grade of the work, so as to provide a resting- place for the straight edge or finishing tools. MATERIALS FOB THE CONCRETE or good concrete there is nothing that can take the place of standard Portland cement, and the worker should be sure of securing a good grade. Rosendale and other forms of natural cement, as well as Puzzolan cement, are not suitable for this work, and their use cannot give the satisfactory results you wish. The success of your work must depend upon the aggregate you employ, as a chain is no stronger than its weakest link, so is your concrete not one whit stronger than the aggregate of which it is composed. The cement used is simply to bond the particles of sand and stone together into a compact mass. Port- land cement alone, when mixed with water and formed into a block, has but little strength; but when mixed with the proper proportions of sand 18 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS and stone the minute crystals of cement penetrate every portion of the surface of the aggregate, and hold them together in a compact mass stronger than stone. In deposits of natural rock it will be noted that the adhesive material was not mixed thoroughly with the fine particles, cemented together, making weak spots, as will be found in all rock, thus giving an object-lesson to the worker in the necessity of a thorough and careful mixing of all materials. The ideal results in concrete are the complete fill- ing of all voids between the aggregate, the sand fill- ing those between the larger stone, and the cement, in turn, filling all voids in the sand. In selecting the aggregate, attention should be given to the shape of the particles, as it is readily to be seen that a round, smooth pebble does not offer the same chance of bonding as one of irregular shape. This is applied to sand as well as to the stone enter- ing into the concrete. The sand should be sharp and irregular in form, as the particles formed by crushed glass. The very fine sand, as well as that lying upon the surface of the ground or upon a beach, should be avoided, as its exposed condition will tend to break off the small projections and give it a uniform or smooth surface. The cleanness of the material should also have attention, as any coating of a fine material will pre- vent the cement from reaching and adhering to the surface of the aggregate. Any particles of clay or CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS 19 soil in the material will form a weak spot in the concrete at the point they are placed. Stone that presents a chalky surface should be avoided, as it will not form a perfect bond with the cement; also such stones that are easily crushed, or that become so when allowed to remain in the open air for some time. Sand that is composed entirely of fine particles re- quires a greater amount of cement, as there is more surface to be covered; while if the grains run from fine to course, the fine particles aid in filling the voids between the larger grains, and thus do not require as much cement to secure the greatest strength. The stone employed should vary from J " to 1 " in diam- eter. The use of stone over 1 " in diameter is not to be commended for even the base of floors and side- walks. PROPORTIONING AND MIXING The average proportions employed for the base of floors and sidewalks is a 1:2:4 mixture, or one part of cement to two of sand and four of stone, running from i " to 1 " in diameter. This is the mixture most generally employed, but as good results have been accomplished with a mixture of 1:2J:4J, which re- quires but 1.37 barrels of cement to the cubic yard of concrete. The surface or finishing coat for floors is usually made of a mix of 1 : 3, using one part of Port- land cement to three parts of sharp, clean sand. There is nothing to be gained in making a richer 20 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS mixture than this, as the surplus of cement will be positive to develop hair cracks or map cracks in the work when it takes the permanent set or hardening. The materials should be accurately measured. A box without a bottom can be employed for this pur- pose. The stone should be placed upon the mixing board first, and upon this the sand is placed, and lastly the cement. The mixture should be turned over twice with the shovel, and then with a hoe it can be mixed quickly and thoroughly, and more easier than with the shovel. The mixture should show an even color throughout. Until it does so it is not perfect, for every portion that shows streaks of sand unmixed with cement will be the cause of a weak spot in the finished work. The practise of shoveling the sand or gravel directly upon the mixing board should not be per- mitted, as in doing so there is no way to accurately determine the proportions other than by guessing, and no workman is expert enough to determine the proper proportions in this manner. The water should be added to the mass in the form of a spray. To dash it directly upon the material will separate the finer materials from the coarse, as well as wash the cement from the larger pieces of stone. Sufficient water should be added to make the mass entirely wet, but not semi-liquid. Good concrete can- not be made without water, and the fact that the water is added after the work is molded will not secure a perfect crystallization of the cement. The FlG. 1 . Tools used in floor and sidewalk construction. 22 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS only danger in making a liquid mix is that the ma- terials are apt to separate in handling and placing the concrete. PLACING AND TAMPING THE CONCRETE The concrete should be shoveled into the forms or space for same without being thrown any distance over 4 feet, as in being dropped from a height or thrown across from mixing board to the forms, the particles of the aggregate will become separated and the larger stone will all be at the bottom. The best method is to wheel the material in a barrow and then deposit with a shovel, leveling the surface as the material is placed. As soon as enough material is in place, the tam- per should be used, and the concrete rammed down tightly. All hollows can then be filled in. The style of tamper usually employed is shown at D (Fig. 1), although a heavy roller can be employed, as shown in Fig. 2. This has a projecting bar at each end, and, that rests on the side form, and thus presses the ma- terial to an even line. Care must be employed to place only enough of the base that can be covered with the finishing coat inside of thirty minutes, otherwise the two coats will not bond securely together. SIZE OF SLABS AND EXPANSION JOINTS The slabs should not contain over 36 square feet 'of surface, and should not be over 6' in any one direction without being reinforced. CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS 23 The joints are planned at the time the first mate- rial is placed, and the points where they will come can be marked upon the forms. Where a metal form for making the joint is not employed, the usual method is to use a grout cutter, or a large knife, as is illustrated at E (Fig. 1). This is forced down through the base along the line the joint is to be placed; and, as this is marked upon the forms, can be easily located when the surface is fin- ished and the top coat in place. The parting strip of metal is the most successful method of making expansion joints, as will be ex- plained later; and where it is not employed, the grout cutter should be used on the base, as the prac- tise of attempting to cut the joints after the top coating is in place is not successful, and should be avoided. The practise of making a fractional slab and then placing new work against this, without a proper ex- pansion joint, is not to be commended, as it is posi- tive to crack along this line. PLACING AND FINISHING THE SURFACE COAT The top coat should be placed before the base has had time to harden or set. Thus too much of the base should not be laid, so that the surface finish cannot be placed over same inside of thirty minutes. The surface finish should have a uniform color and not be too rich in cement, or it will produce a num- 24 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS her of fine cracks in the surface. The average mix- ture for the surface is best at 1:3, and this can be placed in several ways. One of the usual ways of placing the finishing surface is to float it, by making the mixture very thin, and then spread it slightly, and work it down to the finish or plane desired with a straight edge. This will require some work with the trowel to get as smooth a surface as may be wished. Another method is to apply the mortar to the base, mixed with less water, so as to be stiff. This is then tamped in the same manner as the base, which brings the moisture to the top, and then the surface may be finished with the trowel in the usual manner. The straight edge can be employed to level off the sur- face, after it has been thoroughly tamped, and the whole surface brought to a true plane and flush with the top of the forms. The roller shown in Fig. 2 may be employed to finish the top surface. The mortar is placed in ad- vance of the roller, and is thus rolled down to a level surface as well as even with the forms. The roller should be of some metal construction, or a covering of metal to same, and with weight enough so it will easily press the surplus mortar ahead of same, as it is advanced along the forms. Another method is to flush the mortar from the base, for which a tamper, similar to the one shown in Fig. 3 at A, is employed. This is made from strap- iron bolted together in the manner illustrated. A FIG. 2. Use of rollers in finishing base and surface of walks. 26 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS square is bent of the iron, and then short cross-bars are bolted to this at about | " apart, inside the square. Four pieces of iron rod are then bolted to the four corners of tamper and brought up to a handle, for operating same. By this method the base is laid for the thickness of the floor or walk, or even with the top of forms. The tamper is used upon same, and the action of the bars is to force the larger stone, etc., down into the mass, and flush the surplus moisture and all fine particles to the surface, where it is finished with the trowel. This method does not produce as perfect a surface as is secured by using a separate coat of mortar, but for many floors and walks can be employed. The time saved is considerable, as the work is finished as fast as the workers cover same, without the necessity of going back to put on the finishing surface. While the trowel shown at F (Fig. 1) is univer- sally employed in finishing the flat surface of walks and floors, yet its use must not be carried to an ex- cess, as too excessive troweling will form a film of clear cement over the surface of the work; and in drying this contracts, and results in crazing or hair cracks. Also a surface that is too smooth is not to be desired in walks and floors, for the fact that when wet they are very slippery. It is the successful practise of many workers to add a dry mixture to the surface of the mortar in fin- ishing. This is done by bringing the surface, with CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS 27 the steel trowel, to a perfectly level plane, and then by lightly sprinkling the surface with white Portland cement and marble flour, mixed in equal parts and used with a sieve, then finishing with the trowel again. The work has an even white color that is very pleasing. Another mixture is to employ ordinary Port- land cement, hydrated lime, and marble flour or white sand, mixed in the proportions of 1:1:2, and sprinkled lightly over the surface with the aid of a sieve, then finishing with the steel trowel. Many employ a mixture of hydrated lime and marble flour, in the proportions of 1:2, which is an aid in correcting the detrimental effect of flushing too much cement to the surface by the action of the steel trowel. The wooden trowel or float may be used if de- sired. This can be easily made from a flat, smooth piece of board of the right size and thickness, to which a handle is attached in the manner of a trowel. This is used in nearly the same manner as the steel trowel, and makes a good finish to the floor when it is desired to have the surface level, yet rough enough to give a good, secure footing when wet. OTHER TOOLS FOR FINISHING THE SURFACE At A (Fig. 1) is shown the usual type of edger or tool for giving the edge of worh, next to forms, an oval shape, so that they will be less liable to break when in use, as well as to completely separate the 28 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS concrete from the forms at this point, so that no pieces will stick to forms when they are removed. At B (Fig. 1) is shown the usual type of jointer, although many favor those with a square corner at one end of the blade. This is employed in finishing the joints, and many workers employ same to make grooves or indentations in driveways, so as to give a more secure footing. At C (Fig. 1) is shown the usual type of center knife. This is of the greatest value when used with the straight edge in cutting the expansion joints in the top surface. The straight edge is placed upon the marks on forms, where the joints are to be made, and the center knife drawn along same, cutting through the top surface of mortar to where the base has been cut with the grout cutter, shown at E in same illustration. The roller shown at G (Fig. 1) is employed in the surface finish, after the work has been troweled. The sharp lines of same cut small grooves in the sur- face of the walk or floor, and thus present a secure footing, no matter how wet the surface may become. These tools must be employed at the time the sur- face finish is placed, and the work must be timed so that they will not have to be applied to the concrete after the mortar has begun to set or harden. DRAINAGE FOR THE SURFACE OF FLOOR OR WALK The floor should be provided with sufficient slant or slope, so that all water will easily run to the point FlG. 3. Additional tools used in floor and sidewalk work. 30 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS where the outlet is to be placed, when the floor is to be subjected to very frequent wetting. In sidewalks the slant should be toward the curb, and can be accomplished by having the inside form slightly higher than the form next to curb-line, thus preventing any water from collecting upon the walk. At B (Fig. 3) is shown a method of securing a walk or pavement that permits all water to run off the surface, as well as making it easy to flush the walk to clean from dirt, and also to prevent ice forming on walk in winter. The straight-edge, employed to level the surface of walk, can be cut in an oval form, as shown in il- lustration. This presses the surface concrete into a convex form, thus providing a surface from which all water will easily drain. This is of advantage in the winter when the rain will be permitted to run off the walk as fast as it falls, thus preventing the annoyance and danger of an icy coating to same. The height of the center should not be too great or it will make it unpleasant to walk upon same, if the walk is narrow, yet must be high enough to readily allow the water to drain off, which can be determined by the worker when planning the walk. METAL FORMS FOB EXPANSION JOINTS At Fig. 4 are shown several valuable methods and forms useful in sidewalk, curb, and gutter construc- tion. These the worker will have no difficulty in CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS 31 making, and the valuable features of same can be noted from the illustration. At A, B, and C (Fig. 4) the manner of making and operating a successful metal form-holder, to mold the expansion joints in any floor or sidewalk, is shown. These are made from heavy galvanized sheet-iron. This is cut in a strip, from sheet exactly twice the width of the completed device, and is then bent to- gether, as shown by the dotted line in A (Fig. 4), so that the two thicknesses of metal are in width equal to the thickness of sidewalk or floor. The length of the strip must be 10 " more than the width of the sidewalk, so as to project beyond the wood forms used in molding the sides of walk. At a point 5 " from each end of the strip, a notch is cut from the metal that is one-fourth the entire width of same. Thus if the completed strip is to be 4" wide, the metal is cut 8 " in width, and a notch cut from each side, at both ends, exactly 2" in depth and 5" in length, as illus- trated at A (Fig. 4). After the metal is bent together and hammered down flat, the wood strips used to mold sides of walk or floor section are cut at the points where you wish the joints to be placed, which in a 3 ' width of side- walk may be placed 42 " apart, in a 4 ' walk 5 ' apart, and in a 5' walk 6' between joints, with success. The end of metal forms, where cut out, are then fitted into these saw-kerfs, which are made one-half the thickness of the wood strips, thus bringing the 32 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS top edge of the metal form even with the top edge of wood strip, as shown in illustration at C (Fig. 4). A short piece of strap-iron is then bolted to the metal form at each end, in the manner shown at B (Fig. 4). This, when pressed down horizontally, must hold the wood strip, in which form is set, tightly up against the shoulder or main portion of the metal form. This securely locks the two side strips to- gecher, and permits of their easy removal when taking down forms. As the metal holders lock the wood side strips there is very little staking needed to hold the sidewalk forms in position, where the grade is level, thus making the erecting of forms a far more simple and rapid operation than when an entire wood form and stakes are employed. The cost of these metal holders is very slight, averaging but a few cents each, with but little time required to make. Their value is equal in results to the expensive forms for this work on the market, hence every sidewalk- builder can increase the amount of work his force of men will do with their use, at a very slight expense for an adequate supply. A SUCCESSFUL CURB AND GUTTER MACHINE The machine shown at D (Fig. 4) is very success- ful when employed in molding a combined curb and gutter. This, like the expansion joint metal forms, is very easily and cheaply made by anyone. A 2" thick plank is cut into~an outline of the form of curbing and gutter. This must project at least 4" 1=3 FIG. 4. Metal form-holders for concrete sidewalks; also curb and gutter tool. 34 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS on each side of the forms erected for curbing and edge of gutter, so as to provide a hand-hold for the workers in operating the tool. This would require the plank to be cut 12" longer than the combined width of gutter and curbing. A strip of galvanized sheet-iron is cut 8 " wide. This is bent to conform to the outline of the curb and gutter, and one edge tacked to the 2" plank, as shown in illustration. The tool rests, and is moved along the two outside planks that mold curbing and edge of gutter, the concrete being filled in ahead of the form, which presses it into the shape desired. It will be found necessary to go over the work at least twice to get a good finish, as the first operation forms the concrete in the rough outline, but often leaves small, imperfect spots in the work. These are filled in with mortar, and the next movement of the tool over the work smooths the surface. With this tool a good troweled finish may be secured with greater rapidity than it is possible to do by hand work. Small blocks of wood may be nailed to the ends of the tool on the under side, so as to act as guides in working the device, thus insuring a perfect line to the edge of the curbing without any skill or attention on the part of the Operator, if the planks at each side are properly erected. TO PREVENT DEFECTS IN THE WOBK It is very common to find that the surface finish has not properly bonded to the base, thus causing it CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS 35 to crack and uncover the base of the floor or walk. This is usually caused by the base drying or hardening before the top surface is placed, or by dirt or some foreign matter getting upon the base, and thus pre- venting the top surface from properly bonding to same. Where sand falls upon the base it should be cleaned off, and a coating of neat cement and water applied in a thin wash. Where the work upon the top surface has been unavoidably delayed until the concrete in the base has set or hardened, the work may be saved by the following treatment. The surface of the base should be thoroughly wet with water, and with a stiff broom or wire brush all the loose particles scrubbed from same. By a vigorous use of the wire brush the ag- gregate in the base can be uncovered; that is, the film of cement over same scrubbed off where it has not thoroughly set or hardened. By removing this film of cement, the new concrete can have every chance to bond with the base. Where the aggregate cannot be uncovered, a thin wash of neat cement and water will aid in bonding the two surfaces together, and thus save the work that has been laid. After the preparation of the surface, as above described, the top surface is laid at once, while the concrete is wet, and care used to keep the walk or floor wet for sev- eral days, so as to permit the concrete to dry slowly. One of the common mistakes made by inexperi- enced workers is to mix too large a batch at one time; and then when the mortar has begun to set before it 36 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS could be placed, to attempt to remix or retemper same. This should not be done, as once concrete has taken its initial set, or began the hardening process, the addition of water or mixing will not dela^ this process; and to remix the mortar cannot give it strength enough to be satisfactory. In all work the full strength of the concrete is desired, and a batch should not be made that is larger than can be placed within thirty minutes' time or less. The quicker the concrete is placed and finished the greater the chances of success; for on hot, quick-drying days the mortar often begins its initial set, even before the half-hour period. The workmen should not be permitted to walk upon the base before the top surface is laid, as it is positive to place more or less foreign matter upon same, and thus make a weak spot in the work. It is the practise of many workers to wet the forms before the concrete is placed against same. This is of value in preventing the wood absorbing too much of the moisture from the concrete that is placed next to the form. All soft or spongy places in the soil that underlies the walk or floor should be dug out and the places filled with harder material, which is thoroughly tamped or compacted before the base is laid. CUBING THE WORK Too much importance cannot be attached to the curing of sidewalks and floor surfaces, as in the CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS 37 rapid drying days the set or hardening of the con- crete will be unduly hastened, with a decrease in the strength of the work. The surface should be covered for at least the first twelve hours on such days, and then, by wetting the work well each day for several days, the material will be given a fair chance to attain its maximum strength and durability. The green concrete should be protected from rain falling on same, which would make it rough and unsightly. Too rapid a drying of the work and also the ef- fects of frost are apt to result in hair cracks, as well as to weaken the concrete. The best way when in doubt is to cover the work. Some employ sand as a protection, placing it where the walk is hard enough so as not to injure same, and leaving until the work is fully cured. This is excellent to retain the mois- ture in the work for the longest period. Canvas, tar- paper, and boards are also used ; and, when weighted down so as not to be displaced by the wind, are good. Where work is placed in cold weather, and there is danger of frost, the sand and water should be heated so as to give the work a chance to set, before the temperature is lowered to the freezing-point. Where the work is placed inside a building, it can be protected by heating the building, and keeping this up until the work has fully hardened, or for at least several days. If the work is placed outside, where there is no chance of using heat, the surface can be covered 38 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS with sand ; and upon this manure can be placed with a covering of canvas or tar-paper, to prevent the rain or snow falling on the manure, and thus leaching through to the concrete. Manure should never be applied directly to the concrete, or the work will be discolored by the manure, as well as injured by the ammonia in same. COST OF THE WORK This is impossible to estimate so that it will cover all localities, as the prices of labor and materials vary. It is usually considered that six men one fin- isher and five laborers can place about 700 square feet of concrete in a day of ten hours, where the work has a thickness of 4 ". Many use the system of estimating the labor cost at 2J cents per square foot, with the cost of cement at 3f cents per square foot. Where the work is carefully laid, without slight- ing the job in any manner, the cost will vary from 7 to 8 cents per square foot, for a 4" thickness of slab. The writer knows of many small cities that have walks laid at a contract price of 7 cents a square foot, but it can be certain that a perfect job was not done. I have noted such work where pit-run gravel was used, and slight attention given to the usual rules of construction. The result was a walk or floor that developed defects within a few years, and had to be replaced. CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS 39 ORNAMENTAL SURFACES FOB CONCRETE FLOORS AND WALKS In floor and sidewalk finishing the worker has a wide range of materials to work out any form of mo- saic design, as the simple coloring of the Portland cement mortar enables any shade to be produced for the color scheme attempted; also the use of vari- ously colored aggregates, as marble flour, white sand, crushed granite from different quarries, and the mica sand now on the market, produces concrete in imitation of the most expensive stone. Concrete is an ideal material for this work, and may be molded into many ornamental designs for surface-finishing units, by the aid of the simple and inexpensive forms or molds illustrated and described in the following pages. These molds are many of them the invention of the writer, and are not patented ; so they may be employed by anyone who desires securing results as successful, and in many cases more so, than with the expensive patented molds upon the market. The cost of these molds is very slight, and the extreme ease of construction, together with their simplicity, will commend them to every concrete worker who has been hampered by lack of facilities to successfully mold the many forms of work he has desired or his trade demanded. MOLDS FOR DIAMOND, HEXAGONAL, AND OTHER FORMS In Fig. 5 is shown a simple strap-iron form of mold for perfecting any form of diamond, hexagonal, 40 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS octagonal, or other forms of mosaic ornamentation that may be desired. The construction of this mold or form requires the simple bending of the strap- iron into the shapes shown, or any other that may be demanded. The width of the iron should be equal to the thickness you desire the surface finish. This for the average work will be the most satisfactory if made f " or 1 " in thickness, so as to give a finishing surface that is less liable to breakage and more posi- tive to give satisfaction. The finishing surface is laid upon a foundation or bed of ordinary concrete, which will carry the usual floor reinforcement. The floor-slabs or separately molded units used in some forms of construction are satisfactory as a bed or foundation for the orna- mental surface. In brief, the finishing surface may be considered in the same manner as tiling or the finish cost to a plain floor or sidewalk. The, simple diamond form shown at A (Fig. 5) is merely the bending of the strap-iron at right angles each time, and finishing the bends so as to make a true and sharp corner. In this way a form may be made to extend entirely across the floor, sidewalk, or a sec- tion of same, as may be desired. In operating, the form is placed at one side to mold one-half of the de- sign, as shown at the upper part of illustration at A (Fig. 5). Into form one color of mortar is laid to mold the starting course. The form can then be drawn away and moved to one side, so as to bring the inside points of form to touch the points of the por- FIG. 5. Molds for diamond, hexagonal, and octagonal blocks, with method of operation. 42 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS tion just completed. This gives a space for the pla- cing of the other color of mortar to make the first row of completed diamonds, or any design that is molded. The next course is placed in the same manner, only the mold is drawn back to the position it occupied when the starting course of ornaments were molded. Where a very wet mixture of mortar is employed, it is necessary to leave the mold in position until the concrete has had an opportunity to "set" or harden sufficiently to stand up of itself. Where a semi-moist mixture is used the work can be handled more rap- idly, as the mold can be moved for the next course of ornaments or units as soon as the concrete is in place for the one the operator is working upon. By operating in this manner a very large section of the floor can be laid every day; and if the concrete is tightly rammed in the mold and then wet down thor- oughly every day during the process of hardening, the results will be satisfactory. The mold may be held in position in various ways. One of the most simple is to cut a 2x4" scantling with notches of 2" depth along one side. These notches rest against a brace or some rigid portion of the molds, and with the opposite end against the strap-iron form. With two or three of these strips the molds may be held from pressing out, from the tamping of the concrete, and the notches admit of their easy and rapid adjustment when it is necessary to move the molds. Another method of using this form is to have two CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS 43 molds of strap-iron exactly alike. These are placed to form the space for the complete diamond, or other unit, and the concrete filled into same. The molds are then moved to the space where the next course of this color of mortar is to be placed, as is shown in the illustration at A (Fig. 5) . By thus molding the units of this one color over the entire floor first, and when these have hardened, filling in the spaces be- tween same with the opposite color of mortar, you have the advantage of using one kind of mortar all the time instead of mixing small batches of two different colors. MOLDING BORDER DESIGN The border design shown at B (Fig. 5) is molded in a similar manner. The two half-diamond squares in the white are placed with the same style of form as explained for A (Fig. 5). The small, white dia- monds in the center are molded by bending a strip of the strap-iron into the diamond form, of the size you wish for these, after bending. Cut it into two pieces at the corner opposite the one where the two ends meet, thus making two right angles. These may be held together for molding by placing two small clamps at these corners, and the central ornament of border molded in the white finish. After these have hard- ened it is then a simple matter to lay the dark mortar around same, completing a very attractive and orna- mental border for any floor. 44 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS HEXAGONAL MOLD The hexagonal mold shown at C (Fig. 5) is con- structed of the same material, and operated in practi- cally the same manner. As the mold is but one-half of a hexagon, it is very simple to place the courses in the manner explained for the diamond form. OCTAGONAL MOLD The octagonal mold shown at D (Fig. 5) portrays the great adaptability to almost all forms of mosaic ornamentation of this system of molding. This form is made up of two strips of strap-iron to join, when made as illustrated, at the connecting points of the design. This leaves a space for the opposite color of mortar in the form of a four-pointed star, as shown by the dotted line in this illustration. This may be varied to make many other designs to connect the octagons, as the worker can understand from the illustration given. PREPARING THE MORTAR The mixture of concrete for the foundation or bed must vary according to the work and the require- ments for same. Hence it need not be an exception- ally rich mixture, or one of fine aggregate, as the rules covering the proportioning of the bases of floors and sidewalks will govern this. It must be tamped or leveled so as to give an even surface, which will serve as a guide in securing the proper level to the finishing course. CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS 45 In proportioning the mortar for the finishing sur- face, greater care must be employed, as this demands a richer mix and a perfect finish. One of the most satisfactory mixes for a white mortar is to use white Portland cement, marble flour, or crushed marble, and white sand, that is clean and sharp, in the pro- portion of 1:1:2, in the order given. For many classes of work the proportion of white sand may be increased to 1:1:3 and yet secure satisfactory re- sults, where a wet or slush mortar can be used. For a dark, natural, stone finish, one of the best meth- ods is to employ the ordinary Portland cement and crushed granite, or the mica sand, in the proportion of 1:3. Where a very smooth surface is desired it may also be employed at 1:2J; but in making the mortar or concrete too rich, the danger of map- cracking or crazing is increased, without any ma- terial increase to the strength of the work. COLORED MORTAR Where it is desired to employ colored mortars for this purpose, the ordinary Portland cement may be used with the aggregate of well-screened, sharp sand that is free from all dirt. The color is best added to the cement before mixing with the sand. Thus, by using two pounds of carbon black with each sack of Portland cement an excellent shade of black is ob- tained. Eight pounds of raw iron oxide to each sack of cement secures a good shade of red. Nine pounds of the ordinary yellow ocher to each sack of 46 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS cement will produce a yellow or buff tint to the mor- tar, while four pounds of Prussian blue, to the same proportion of cement, will secure a bright blue shade. The disadvantage in employing colored mortars is the fact that they cannot be assured to hold the same shade for all time. This is more pronounced in the brighter colors than in the use of black mortars, for which the carbon black of a good grade gives better results than the ordinary cheaper grades of lamp- black. ANOTHER FORM OF STRAP-IRON MOLD In Fig. 6 is shown another manner of employing the strap-iron molds to produce any ornamental form desired, molding the work upon the foundation where it is to be used, or as a separate unit and then em- bedding in mortar, as employed for terra cotta and other forms of floor tiles. At A (Fig. 6) is shown the completed strap-iron mold for a hexagonal block or tile. This is bent in the form shown, using two pieces of iron to make the complete hexagon. The hinge corner is shown at B (Fig. 6) , and is made by cutting a slot through one end of the iron, and with a tenon cut from the end of the other part of mold to fit into this slot, a secure hinge is obtained that permits of the easy folding back of the mold from the completed work. The opposite corner is fastened when the mold is in operation, with a similar slot and tenon, but with the end of tenon bent into a ring, through which a bolt FIG. 6. Molds for hexagonal floor and sidewalk blocks. 48 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS or pin is used to hold the mold together. This joint is shown in detail at C (Fig. 6). As this mold is easily and cheaply constructed, a number of them can be made to permit the system of operation, as shown in the illustration at bottom of Fig. 6. OPERATING THE MOLD The color scheme is worked out by placing a string of these molds across one side of the floor, where the first course of hexagonal blocks are to be molded, and filling the first with the white mortar, the next with the opposite color, and the next two with the first color, the fifth with the darker color, and in this order until the course is complete. The molds are then moved to the third course of blocks or tile, and the operation repeated. The course to join these together is molded by using short strips of iron, in length equal to one side of the hexagon, and also by employing the strap-iron form shown at D (Fig. 6) , which is simply two sides of the hexagonal form. This permits the molding of the blocks on their per- manent foundation, but is not so rapid as the method explained in Fig. 5. The main value of this form is in molding the blocks as separate units, and then laying them in the manner employed for placing tiling. A pallet is used that permits the mold to be placed upon same. This can be made of wood, and covered with a sheet of galvanized iron as a face, which gives a smooth mold- ing surface for the block or tile. The concrete is CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS 49 tamped inside this mold and the reinforcement added. This may be the No. 20 wire lath, with a J " mesh ; or where the cost is to be reduced and the floor strain is not too severe, the poultry netting or fencing with a one-inch mesh may be employed. This should be cut in a hexagonal form one inch smaller than the mold, so as to place the reinforcement J " from all sides of the mold. When this is in position the bal- ance of the mortar may be placed, and the top lev- eled off or finished with a trowel, as may be desired. In removing the work from the mold, a pallet or board is placed on the top of mold, and the mold and galvanized iron pallet turned over. The latter is then drawn away and the mold unhooked and removed, leaving the completed block upon the board to cure, with the face exposed for remedying any defects in the surface finish of block that may have occurred in the molding. LAYING THE TILE When these separate units are fully cured, they may be laid on the foundation or bed, which should be fully hardened or cured, by placing an even coat of cement mortar upon the foundation and embedding the blocks in same, lightly tamping them down until they are even and level. The foundation and blocks should be thoroughly wet before laying, so as to secure a good bond between same. The mortar for this work is best made of equal parts of Portland cement and fine, sharp sand, and mixed thin enough to per- 50 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS mit the easy embedding of the blocks in same. A straight-edge laid across the top of the blocks will aid in leveling the work, as the straight-edge can be moved along as the work progresses. Another way is to place the cement mortar for blocks upon the foundation for a section as large as you can lay before the cement mortar will take its initial set. This is leveled with a straight edge, and thus presents an even surface for the blocks to be placed. The blocks are all placed for this section, and a board, the length of section and from 12" to 20 " wide, is laid upon the blocks or tile at one side. By tamping upon this board 'evenly, the blocks are pressed down into the mortar with all edges exactly even. The board may then be moved, and the op- eration repeated until the entire section of floor is leveled. To successfully place the tile or blocks, a large section of floor must not be attempted at a time. The worker must use up the mortar employed for this purpose in from twenty to thirty minutes, when it is mixed very wet, otherwise it will start to "set" or harden, and will not have strong cement- ing qualities. SIZE OF BLOCKS The thickness of blocks may be decreased to f " or even J " when desired, as they are laid on a rigid bed or foundation of concrete, so will for all average pur- poses have ample strength if reinforced, and made CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS 51 J " in thickness. The size of blocks can be according to the work to be done or the wishes of the operator, thus permitting a number of sizes to work out any design or scheme of color you may wish. The duc- tility of the strap-iron makes it an ideal material for molds of this kind, as it may be bent into any shape desired with ease, and is very durable for this pur- pose. Where any difficulty is experienced by having the concrete stick to the molds, the coating of the iron with enamel, as is used for bath-tubs, will give a very smooth and durable molding surface that does not require coating with any grease or other com- pound each time to prevent sticking. This also insures a smooth and even edge to the blocks or tile molded in these simple and effective molds. MOLDING FLOOR SLABS The floor of hollow concrete slabs or units shown at C (Fig. 7) makes an excellently ventilated floor, and one of value for any building, as well as such floors that must be laid on a wet soil or foundation. Under this condition this type of floor will always be found to be dry, a most valuable feature in all build- ings used for the storing of grain or other perishable articles, as well as its perfect insulation for residence floors and other structures where a non-conductor of heat, cold, or dampness is a necessary feature. A number of the completed slabs are shown at C (Fig. 7), laid into the floor. This shows the method of placing the slabs, which simply require cementing 52 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS together with cement mortar, as used for laying the concrete blocks or tile. The slabs are placed upon a foundation or bed, the top of this forming one side of the dead air-space. This foundation should carry ample reinforcement for the weight of floor, and such weight as it will be compelled to carry in actual use. The thickness of foundation should not be less than 4 ", and this can be increased as the needs may de- mand. For average purposes the thickness of top slab over opening may be 1J " to 2 ", where the span of the opening is not over 3 " at the top, with a slab 6 " wide over all. The reinforcement may be any of the sheet-rein- forcing material suitable for this purpose. This is cut into strips the width of the slab, and inserted with the placing of the concrete. A most success- ful reinforcement is to employ the expanded metal lathing cut into strips 8" wide, for use with a 6" width of slab. On each side of the reinforcement the metal is bent down for li" of its width, thus making it 5" on top, and with the ends of metal resting upon the foundation of concrete under the floor-slabs, thus securing a very rigid type of floor. The use of iron rods in each slab may be employed, as shown in illustration at C (Fig. 7). These should be bound together with wire, to connect them, at dis- tances of every 10 " to 12 ", and serve not only to strengthen the slab, but to make the placing of the reinforcement far easier and more successful. FIG. 7. Constructing- hollow concrete floor slabs or units. 54 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS THE MOLD The form to mold these floor-slabs is shown at A (Fig. 7). This is best made by using an 8" wide plank that is 2" thick, as the bottom of mold. Two 2x4" pieces are hinged to this with the sides resting upon the bottom of mold, thus permitting these sides to be folded back when releasing the work from mold. The core form to mold the opening on one side of slab may be made from a 2x 4" piece, planed down in a bevel on each side so the top is 3" in width, with the bottom the full 4", thus molding the feet or base of slabs 1 " wide upon each side of slab. As two of these slabs join, this gives a base of 2" to rest upon the foundation at this point. The core form is nailed to the bottom slab of mold, as illustrated, and two ends supplied for mold. The concrete is tamped into mold so as to cover the core form with about 1 " of mortar. Then the rein- forcement is placed and the balance of concrete tamped into mold, and the top struck [ off with straight-edge and trowel finished. The work is re- leased from mold by placing a board or pallet upon the top, and turning over the mold to rest upon this. The sides are unfastened and folded outward from the concrete, before the entire mold is lifted up, thus leaving the completed slab upon the pallet to cure, and making the one mold available to mold a large number of slabs each day. CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS 55 ORNAMENTING THE SURFACE OF SLABS A simple manner of ornamenting the top surface of the slabs, as they are molded, is shown at B (Fig. 7). This is accomplished by employing strips of heavy galvanized iron, f " or 1 " in width, and about 12 " long. The sides of the mold are cut with a saw to a depth equal to the width of the strips of iron ; and by inserting these strips into the saw-kerfs the top of the mold is divided into spaces, for the placing of differently colored concrete to perfect any design you wish. Thus if the kerfs are placed opposite each other, as illustrated, the surface can be accurately divided in squares; while by cutting the sides on a miter, a diamond form or ornament may be per- fected. In this manner a number of designs may be molded to work out any scheme of color you wish in the floor. FOUNDATION FOR SLABS In the construction of a foundation for the hollow- floor slabs explained in Fig. 7, where used for all floors not upon a rigid foundation, the interlocking form of slab illustrated at A (Fig. 8) will be of the greatest value. As will be noted from the drawing, the slabs lock together upon both sides, making a very strong and rigid floor. REINFORCEMENT These slabs are reinforced with the form of rein- forcement shown at C (Fig. 8) ; also in the sectional 56 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS illustration at A (Fig. 8) the rods are bound together in a triangular form with lighter rods or wire, thus insuring the even spacing of the reinforcement, and making it more simple to place same, and hold in position when filling in the concrete. This form of reinforcement is very effective in the type of floor-slab shown, as the rods upon each side are placed in the center of the projecting con- crete, that forms the joint or lock between each slab, thus giving this important part of the slab the necessary strength demanded. There are many other types of reinforcing ma- terial on the market that are available for this pur- pose, so the worker can secure what he believes is best suited to the requirements. MOLD FOR SLABS The mold for floor-slab is shown at B (Fig. 8). This is very simply and easily constructed of plank 2" in thickness. A piece is used for the bottom that is 12 " in width, and the length you desire the slabs or units to be molded. To this are hinged with strap hinges two 2x4" strips as sides of the mold. If the slab is wanted less than 4 " in thickness, these may be cut down in width to conform to the de- sired thickness of slab; and with a greater thick- ness of slab than 4", wider lumber is employed for sides. The lock or projections on each side of slab are molded by attaching to the sides of mold two strips 1 ^yXy^Sj^NJriiH^^ E.' ^frr -f! ' .T-'gr-y ,'.|.--- ?^,.- ..'.'r.'V.'T.--. !*.-:J-:':-.-..-.-~-r.- . -..T. .. v :^.--:| /I V v \/ V \l FIG. 8. Constructing interlocking floor slabs with reinforce- ment and shoring for floor molds. 58 CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS of wood that are 2" thick, and in width equal to one- half the width of the sides of mold. These are nailed to the sides with one strip at the top of one side and the other at the bottom of opposite side, as shown in illustration at B (Fig. 8). The mold is completed by fastening a board at each end of mold, and it is then ready for filling in the concrete. The mold is easily removed from work as rapidly as molded, by placing a pallet upon top of same and turning over the entire mold to rest upon this board. The one side with strip at top of same is folded back and the bottom lifted, thus releasing the opposite side strip without the least danger of injuring the concrete. BRACE OB SHORING FOR CENTERING With many structures it is desirable to mold the floor monolithic ; and in securing the form for this purpose, 'much good lumber is hopelessly spoiled in useless shoring. The form of brace shown at D (Fig. 8) is one that may be employed for many different jobs, as it is adjustable to different lengths or heights of rooms, and supports the forms for floor as rigidly as may be desired. In construction 2x4" to 2x8" lumber is used, according to the weight of forms or centering and the concrete to be placed. These two strips are bolted together, and at the top and bottom a cross strip is bolted to hold the shoring rigid, with small blocks nailed to the centering, and also to floor below at the end of each upright. A few of these adjustable CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS 59 forms will save much unnecessary waste of time in constructing shoring for each job. REINFORCEMENT OF FLOORS AND WALKS The reinforcement of floor-slabs must be deter- mined by the load the floor must carry, and the struc- ture in which they are placed. Hence it is not possi- ble to give data that may be applied to every class of structure ; but where the conditions are the same as found in average buildings, the following spacing of rods in your floor-slabs will be ample to meet the loads specified, when used with wires or woven wire netting to aid in holding the rods at the proper dis- tance apart. This can be employed by placing the rods as specified ; and over this spreading the woven wire netting, and with short wire ties fastening the rods to the netting at the proper distance apart, thus guarding against the displacing of the rods in filling in the concrete, as well as adding materially to the strength of the reinforcement, which is ample for the work demanded. The proportions of the concrete mixture for both Tables I and II are based on a mix of 1:2:4, or one part of Portland cement to two parts of clean, sharp sand and four parts of crushed stone or gravel from y to 1" in diameter. Care must be given to the placing of the rods at the specified distance from the bottom of the concrete, as well as the spacing of the rods, and some method employed to prevent the concrete tamped upon reinforcement from displacing same. CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS TABLE I Floor loading of 125 pounds per square foot. Length of Thickness Placed from Diameter Spacing Span of Slab. of Slab. Bottom. of Rods. of Rods. 8' 3" I" -A" 6 " 8' 4" I" " 6 " 8' 5" 1 " 4" 7i r/ 10' 3" !" . A" 6 " 10' 4" i" . 1" 6 " 10' 5" i " i" W 12' 3" !" A" 6 " 12' 4" 1 " " 6 " 12' 5" 1 * i" 1 " 14' 3" !" A" 5i /r 14' 4" 1 " 3 " 5J^ 14' 5" 1 " I" 6J" TABLE II Floor loading of 60 pounds per square foot. Length of Thickness Placed from Diameter Spacing Span of Slab. of Slab. Bottom. of Rods. of Rods. 8' 3" 1" 1" 5i" 8' 4" 1 " 1" 6 " 10' 3" 2" 1" 54" 10' 4" 1 " 3 // 6 " 12' . 3" 1" 1" 5 " 12' 4" 1 " 3 // 54" 14' 3" r I" 5 " 14' 4" i " 1" 54" The above tables will be found ample for all aver- age requirements when used in connection with the wire netting or woven-wire fabric, and will aid the worker in designing the reinforcement for the floors he will usually construct. INDEX Adjustable brace for shoring 57, 58 Advantage of natural stone for coloring 45, 46 Aggregate, how to select 18 Blocks or floor tile, molded as separate units 48 Border design for floor tile 41-43 Brace for shoring 57, 58 Cement that should be used 17 Clean materials, value of 18, 19 Coloring the mortar 45, 46 Constructing forms for floors and walks 16 Cost of the work 38 Crazing, how caused 26 Curb and gutter machine, how made 32, 33, 34 Curing the work 37 Defective floors and walks, causes of 13 Defects in work, how to prevent 35 Diamond form floor tile 39 Drainage for surface of walk 30 Dry materials used for surface finish 27 Drying too rapidly 37 Expansion joints, how made 23 metal forms for molding 30, 31 Fine sand in aggregate 19 Floating surface coat 24 Floor slabs with air-chamber : how laid 51 mold for 53, 54 reinforcement 52 value of 51 61 62 INDEX PAGE Floor tile, molds for 41-47 Flushing surface coat by tamping 24-26 Forms for floors and walks 16, 17 Foundations, drainage, for sidewalks 15 when laid in cellar 15 Frost, protecting concrete against 37, 38 Gutter, machine to mold 32, 33 Hexagonal floor tile 41, 46, 47 mold for 46, 47 Hollow concrete floor slabs 51, 52, 53, 54 Ice on walks, to prevent 29, 30 Interlocking floor slab 57 how molded 56-58 reinforcement for 55 Laying floor tile 49, 50 Marble finish, how to secure 45 Materials for good concrete 17, 18 Metal forms for expansion joints 33 how made, and operated 31, 32 Mixing, how to properly mix concrete 20 Mortar and colors for surface finish 44, 45 Mortar, to lay floor tile 49 Mosaic floor tile, molds for, and how made. . . . .40, 41, 42, 43, 44 Necessity of observing proper rules of construction 14 Octagonal floor tile 41-44 Ornamental surfaces for floors and walks 39 Ornamenting surface of floor slabs 55 Placing and finishing the top surface 23, 24 Placing the concrete 22 Proportions in mixing 19 Reinforcement for floors 59, 60 Reinforcing sidewalks 16 floor tile.. 49 INDEX 63 PAGE Retempering mortar 36 Roller to finish walks 25 Shoring- floor centering 58 Slabs, size of 23 Sticking to mold, how to prevent 51 Surface, how finished 24-26 Table to estimate reinforcement 60 Tamping the concrete 22 Thickness of slabs 16 of tile 51 Tools for finishing surface 21, 27, 28 Troweling work, how done 26 Water, how to apply to the mixture 20 Wetting forms before using , 36 Wooden float for use on surfaces . . 27 PRACTICAL SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL EACH BOOK IN THIS CATALOGUE IS WRITTEN BY AN EXPERT AND IS WRITTEN SO YOU CAN UNDERSTAND IT THE NORM W. HENLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY Publishers of Scientific and Practical Books 132 Nassau Street New York, U.S. A. Any book in this Catalogue sent prepaid on receipt of price. SUBJECT INDEX PAGE Accidents 18 Air Brakes 17, 19 Arithmetics 20 Automobiles 3 Balloons 3 Bevel Gears 14 Boilers 22 Brazing 3 Cams 15 Car Charts 4 Change Gear 14 Charts 3, 4, 22 Chemistry 23 Coal Mining 23 Coke 4 Compressed Air 5 Concrete 5 Cyclopedia 4, 20 Dictionaries 7 Dies 7 Drawing 8, 24 Drop Forging 7 Dynamo 9, 10, 11 Electricity. 9, 10, 11, 12 Engines and Boilers 22 Factory Management 12 Flying Machines 3 Fuel 13 Gas Manufacturing 14 Gas Engines 13, 14 Gears 14 Heating, Electric 9 Hot Water Heating 27 Horse-Power Chart 4 Hydraulics 15 Ice Making , 15 India Rubber 25 Interchangeable Manufacturing 20 Inventions.'. '. , . 15 Knots 15 Lathe Work 16 Lighting (Electric) 9 Link Motion 17 Liquid Air 16 Locomotive Boilers 18 Locomotive Engineering. ....... 17, 18, 19 Machinist's Books . . 20, 21, 22 PAGE Manual Training 22 Marine Engines 22 Marine Steam Turbines 29 Mechanical Movements 20, 21 Metal Turning 16 Milling Machines 21 Mining 22, 23 Oil Engines 13 Patents 15 Pattern Making 23 Perfumery 23 Pipes 28 Plumbing 24 Producer Gas 13 Punches 7 Railroad Accidents 18 Receipt Book 23, 25 Refrigeration 15 Rope Work 15 Rubber Stamps 25 Saws 26 Sheet Metal Working 7 Shop Tools 21 Shop Construction 20 Shop Management 20 Sketching Paper. 8 Smoke Prevention 13 Soldering 3 Splices 15 Steam Engineering 26, 27 Steam Heating 27 Steam Pipes 28 Steel 28 Superheated Steam 17 Switchboards 9, 11 Tapers 16 Telephone 12 Threads 22 Tools 20, 22 Turbines 29 Ventilation 27 Valve Gear 19 Valve Setting 17 Walschaert Valve Gear 19 Watchmaking 29 Wiring 9, 11, 12 Wireless Telephones and Telegraphy 12 ANY OF THESE BOOKS PROMPTLY SENT PREPAID TO ANY ADDRESS IN THE WORLD ON RECEIPT OF PRICE. w to /?em/f. -By Postal Money Order, Express Money Order, Bank Draft or Registered Letter. CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS AUTOMOBILE THE MODERN GASOLINE AUTOMOBILE ITS DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR. By VICTOR W. PAGE, M. E. The latest and most complete treatise on the Gasoline Automobile ever issued. Written in simple language by a recognized authority, familiar with every branch of the automobile industry. Free from technical terms. Everything is explained so simply that anyone of average intelligence may gain a comprehensive knowledge of the gasoline automobile. The information is up-to-date and includes, in addition to an exposition of principles of construction and description of all types of automobiles and their components, valuable money-saving hints on the care and operation of motor cars propelled by internal combus- tion engines. Among some of the subjects treated might be mentioned: Torpedo and other symmetrical body forms designed to reduce air resistance; sleeve valve, rotary valve and other types of silent motors; increasing tendency to favor worm-gear power-transmission; universal application of magneto ignition; development of automobile electric-lighting sj's terns; block mo tors; underslung chassis; application of practical self-starters; long stroke and offset cylinder motors; latest automatic lubrication systems; silent chains for valve operation and change-speed gearing; the use of front wheel brakes and many other detail refinements. By a careful study of the pages of this book one can gain practical knowledge of automobile construction that will save time, money and worry. The book tells you just what to do, how and when to do it. Nothing has been omitted, no detail has been slighted. Every part of the automobile, its equipment, accessories, tools, supplies, spare parts necessary, etc., have been discussed comprehensively. If you are or intend to become a motorist, or are in any way interested in the modern Gasoline Automobile, this is a book you cannot afford to be without. Nearly 600 6x9 pages and more than 500 new and specially made detail il- lustrations, as well as many full page and double page plates, showing all parts of the automobile. Including nine large folding plates. Price $2.50 BALLOONS AND FLYING MACHINES MODEL BALLOONS AND FLYING MACHINES. WITH A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE PROGRESS OF AVIATION. By J. H. ALEXANDER. This book has been written with a view to assist those who desire to construct a model airship or flying machine. It contains five folding plates of working drawings, each sheet containing a different sized machine. Much instruction and amusement can be obtained from the making and flying of these models. A short account of the progress of aviation is included, which will render the book of greater interest. Several illustrations of full sized airship and flying machines of the latest types are scattered throughout the text. This practical work gives data, working drawings, and details which will assist materially those interested in the problems of flight. 127 pages, 45 illustra- tions, 5 folding plates. Price $1.50 BRAZING AND SOLDERING BRAZING AND SOLDERING. By JAMES F. HOBART. The only book that shows you just how to handle any job of brazing or soldering that comes tilong; tells you what mixture to use, how to make a furnace if you need one. Full of valuable kinks. The fifth edition of this book has just been published, and to it much new matter and a large number of tested formulas for all kinds of solders and fluxes have been added. Illustrated 25 cent* CHARTS MODERN SUBMARINE CHART WITH 200 PARTS NUMBERED AND NAMED. A cross-section view, showing clearly and distinctly all the interior of a Submarine of the latest type. You get more information from this chart, about the construction and opera- tion of a Submarine, than in any other way. No details omitted everything is accurate and to scale. It is absolutely correct in every detail, having been approved by Naval Engineers. All the machinery and devices fitted in a modern Submarine Boat are shown, and to make the engraving more readily understood all the features are shown in operative form, with Officers and Men in the act of performing the duties assigned to them in service con- ditions. This CHART IS REALLY AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF A SUBMARINE. It is educational and worth many times its cost. Mailed in a Tube for , 25 cents CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS BOX CAR CHART. A chart showing the anatomy of a box car, having every part of the car numbered and its proper name given in a reference list 20 cents GONDOLA CAR CHART. A chart showing the anatomy of a gondola car, having every part of the car numbered and its proper reference name given in a reference list ' . . 20 cents PASSENGER CAR CHART. A chart showing the anatomy of a passenger car, having every part of the car numbered and its proper name given in a reference list 20 cents WESTINGHOUSE AIR-BRAKE CHARTS. Chart I. Shows (in colors) the most modern Westinghouse High Speed and Signal Equip- ment used on Passenger Engines, Passenger Engine Tenders, and Passenger Cars. Chart II. Shows (in colors) the Standard Westinghouse Equipment for Freight and Switch En- gines, Freight and Switch Engine Tenders, and Freight Cars. Price for the set . 50 cents TRACTIVE POWER CHART. A chart whereby you can find the tractive power or drawbar pull of any locomotive, without making a figure. Shows what cylinders are equal, how driving wheels and steam pressure affect the power. What sized engine you need to exert a given drawbar pull or anything you desire in this line 50 cents HORSE POWER CHART. Shows the horse power of any stationary engine without calculation. No matter what the cylinder diameter of stroke; the steam pressure or cut-off; the revolutions, or whether con- densing or non-condensing, it's all there. Easy to use, accurate, and saves time and calcu- lations. Especially useful to engineers and designers 50 cents BOILER ROOM CHART. By GEO. L. FOWLER. A Chart size 14 x 28 inches showing in isometric perspective the mechanisms belonging in a modern boiler room. Water tube boilers, ordinary grates and mechanical stokers, feed water heaters and pumps comprise the equipment. The various parts are shown broken or removed, so that the internal construction is fully illustrated. Each part is given a reference number, and these, with the corresponding name, are given in a glossary printed at the sides. This chart is really a dictionary of the boiler room the names of more than 200 parts being given. It is educational worth many times its cost 25 cents CIVIL ENGINEERING HENLEY'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL ENGINEERING AND ALLIED TRADES. Edited by JOSEPH G. HORNER, A. M. I. E. M. This set of five volumes contains about 2,500 pages with thousands of illustrations, including diagrammatic and sectional drawings with full explanatory details. This work covers the entire practice of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. The best known experts in all branches of engineering have contributed to these volumes. The Cyclopedia is admirably well adapted to the needs of the begipner and the self-taught practical man, as well as the mechanical en- gineer, designer, draftsman, shop superintendent, foreman, and machinist. The work will be found a means of advancement to any progressive man. It is encyclopedic in scope, thorough and practical in its treatment of technical subjects, simple and clear in its descriptive matter, and without unnecessary technicalities or formulae. The, articles are as brief as may be and yet give a reasonably clear and explicit statement of the subject, and are written by men who have had ample practical experience in the matters of which they write. It tells you all you want to know about engineering and tells it so simply, so clearly, so concisely, that one cannot help but understand. As a work of reference it is withou* a peer. $6.00 per single volume. For complete set of five volumes, price $25.00 COKE COKEMODERN COKING PRACTICE; INCLUDING THE ANALYSIS OF MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS. By T. H. BYROM and J. E. CHRISTOPHER. A handbook for those engaged in Coke manufacture and the recovery of By-products. Fully illustrated with folding plates. It has been the aim of the authors, in preparing this book, to produce one which shall be of use and benefit to those who are associated with, or inter- ested in, the modern developments of the industry. Contents: I. Introductory. II. Gen* CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS eral Classification of Fuels. III. Coal Washing. IV. The Sampling and Valuation of Coal, Coke, etc. V. The Calorific Power of Coal and Coke. VI. Coke Ovens. VII. Coke Ovens, continued. VIII. Coke Ovens, continued. IX. Charging and Discharging of Coke Ovens, X. Cooling and Condensing Plant. XI. Gas Exhausters. XII. Composition and Analysis of Ammoniacal Liquor. XIII. Working-up of Ammoniacal Liquor. XIV. Treatment of Waste Gases from Sulphate Plants. XV. Valuation of Ammonium Sulphate. XVI. Direct Recovery of Ammonia from Coke Oven Gases. XVII. Surplus Gas from Coke Oven. Use- ful Tables. Very fully illustrated. Price $3. 50 net COMPRESSED AIR COMPRESSED AIR IN ALL ITS APPLICATIONS. By GARDNER D. Hiscox. This is the most complete book on the subject of Air that has ever been issued, and its thirty- five chapters include about every phase of the subject one can think of. It may be called an encyclopedia of compressed air. It is written by an expert, who, in its 665 pages, has dealt with the subject in a comprehensive manner, no phase of it being omitted. Includes the physical properties of air from a vacuum to its highest pressure, its thermodynamics, com- pression, transmission and uses as a motive power; in the Operation of Stationary and Port- able Machinery, in Mining. Air Tools, Air Lifts, Pumping of Water, Acids, and Oils; the Air Blast for Cleaning and Painting, the Sand Blast and its Work, and the Numerous Appli- ances in which Compressed Air is a Most Convenient and Economical Transmitter of Power for Mechanical Work, Railway Propulsion, Refrigeration, and the Various Uses to which Compressed Air has been applied. Includes forty-four tables of the physical properties of air, its compression, expansion, and volumes required for various kinds of work, and a list of patents on compressed air from 1875 to date. Over 500 illustrations, 5th Edition, revised and enlarged. Cloth bound, $5.00. Half Morocco, price $6.60 CONCRETE ORNAMENTAL CONCRETE WITHOUT MOLDS. By A. A. HOUGHTON. The process for making ornamental concrete without molds has long been held as a secret, and now, for the first time, this process is given to the public. The book reveals the secret and is the only book published which explains a simple, practical method whereby the concrete worker is enabled, by employing wood and metal templates of different designs, to mold or model in concrete any Cornice, Archivolt, Column, Pedestal, Base Cap, Urn or Pier in a monolithic form right upon the job. These may be molded in units or blocks, and then built up to suit the specifications demanded. This work is fully illustrated, with detailed engravings. Price $2.00 CONCRETE FROM SAND MOLDS. By A. A. HOUGHTON. A Practical Work treating on a process which has heretofore been held as a trade secret by the few who possessed it, and which will successfully mold every and any class of ornamental concrete work. The process of molding concrete with sand molds is of the utmost practical value, possessing the manifold advantages of a low cost of molds, the ease and rapidity of operation, perfect details to all ornamental designs, density, and increased strength of the concrete, perfect curing of the work without attention and the easy removal of the molds re- gardless of any undercutting the design may have. 192 pages. Fully illustrated. Price $2.00 CONCRETE WALL FORMS. By A. A. HOUGHTON. A new automatic wall clamp is illustrated with working drawings. Other types of wall forms, clamps, separators, etc., are also illustrated and explained 50 cents CONCRETE FLOORS AND SIDEWALKS. By A. A. HOUGHTON. The molds for molding squares, hexagonal and many other styles of mosaic floor and side- walk blocks are fully illustrated and explained 50 cents PRACTICAL CONCRETE SILO CONSTRUCTION. By A. A. HOUGHTON. Complete working drawings and specifications are given for several styles of concrete silos, with illustrations of molds for monolithic and block silos. The tables, data and information presented in this book are of the utmost value in planning and constructing all forms of concrete silos 50 cents MOLDING CONCRETE CHIMNEYS, SLATE AND ROOF TILES. By A. A. HOUGHTON. The manufacture of all types of concrete slate and roof tile is fully treated. Valuable data on all forms of reinforced concrete roofs are contained within its pages. The construction of concrete chimneys by block and monolithic systems is fully illustrated and described. A number of ornamental designs of chimney construction with molds are shown in this valu- able treatise - . . .... 50 cents CATALOGUE OF GOOD. PRACTICAL BOOKS MOLDING AND CURING ORNAMENTAL CONCRETE. By A. A. HOUGHTON. The proper proportions of cement and aggregates for various finishes, also the methods of thoroughly mixing and placing in the molds, are fully treated. An exhaustive treatise on this subject that every concrete worker will find of daily use and value. .... 50 cents CONCRETE MONUMENTS, MAUSOLEUMS AND BURIAL VAULTS. By A. A. HOUGHTON. The molding of concrete monuments to imitate the most expensive cut stone is explained in this treatise, with working drawings of easily built molds. Cutting inscriptions and designs is also fully treated .50 cenis MOLDING CONCRETE BATH TUBS, AQUARIUMS AND NATATORIUMS. By A. A. HOUGHTON. Simple molds and instruction are given for molding many styles of concrete bath tubs, swimming pools, etc. These molds are easily built and permit rapid and successful work 50 cents CONCRETE BRIDGES, CULVERTS AND SEWERS. By A. A. HOUGHTON. A number of ornamental concrete bridges with illustrations of molds are given. A collapsible center or core for bridges, culverts and sewers is fully illustrated with detailed instructions for building . . 50 cents CONSTRUCTING CONCRETE PORCHES. By A. A. HOUGHTON. A number of designs with working drawings of molds are fully explained so any one can easily construct different styles of ornamental concrete porches without the purchase of expensive molds 50 cents MOLDING CONCRETE FLOWER POTS, BOXES, JARDINIERES, ETC. By A. A. HOUGHTON. The molds for producing 1 many original designs of flower pots, urns, flower boxes, jardinieres, etc., are fully illustrated and explained, so the worker can easily construct and operate same 50 cents MOLDING CONCRETE FOUNTAINS AND LAWN ORNAMENTS. By A. A. HOUGHTON. The molding of a number of designs of lawn seats, curbing, hitching posts, pergolas, sun dials and other forms of ornamental concrete for the ornamentation of lawns and gardens, ia fully illustrated and described 50 cents CONCRETE FOR THE FARM AND SHOP. By A. A. HOUGHTON. The molding of drain tile, tanks, cisterns, fence posts, stable floors, hog and poultry houses and all the purposes for which concrete is an invaluable aid to the farmer are numbered among the contents of this handy volume 50 cents POPULAR HANDBOOK FOR CEMENT AND CONCRETE USERS. By MYRON H. LEWIS, This is a concise treatise of the principles and methods employed in the manufacture and use of cement in all classes of modern works. The author has brought together in this work all the salient matter of interest to the user of concrete and its many diversified products. The matter is presented in logical and systematic order, clearly written, fully illustrated and free from involved mathematics. Everything of value to the concrete user is given including kinds of cement employed in construction, concrete architecture, inspection and testing, water- proofing, coloring and painting, rules, tables, working, and cost data. The book comprises thirty-three chapters, as follows: Introductory. Kinds of Cements and How They are Made. Properties, Testing and Requirements of Hydraulic Cement. Concrete and its Properties. Sand, Broken Stone and Gravel for Concrete. How to Proportion the Materials. How to Mix and Place Concrete. Forms for Concrete Construction. The Architectural and Artistic Possibilities of Concrete. Concrete Residences. Mortars, Plasters and Stucco and How to Use Them. The Artistic Treatment of Concrete Surfaces. Concrete Building Blocks. The Making of Ornamental Concrete. Concrete Pipes, Fences, Posts, Etc. Essential Features and Advantages of Reen- forced Concrete. How to Design Reenforced Concrete Beams, Slabs and Columns. Ex- glanations of the Methods and Principles in Designing Reenforced Concrete Beams and labs. Systems of Keenforcement Employed. Reenforced Concrete in Factory and General CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS Building Construction. Concrete in Foundation Work. Concrete Retaining Walls, Abut- ments, and Bulkheads. Concrete Arches and Arch Bridges. Concrete Beam and Girder Bridges. Concrete in Sewerage and Drainage Works. Concrete Tanks, Dams and Reser- voirs. Concrete Sidewalks, Curbs and Pavements. Concrete in Railroad Constructions. The Utility of Concrete on the Farm. The Waterproofing of Concrete Structure. Grout or Liquid Concrete and Its Use. Inspection of Concrete Work. Cost of Concrete Work. Some of the special features of the book are: 1. The Attention Paid to the Artistic and Architectural Side of Concrete Work. 2. The Authoritative Treatment of the Problem of Waterproofing Concrete. 3. An Excellent Summary of the Rules to be Followed in Concrete Construction. 4. The Valuable Cost Data and Useful Tables given. A valuable Addition to the Library of Every Cement and Concrete User. Price $2.50 WATERPROOFING CONCRETE. By MYRON H. LEWIS. Modern Methods of Waterproofing Concrete and Other Structures. A condensed statement of the Principles, Rules, and Precautions to be Observed in Waterproofing and Damp- proofing Structures and Structural Materials. Paper binding. Illustrated. Price .. 50 cents DICTIONARIES STANDARD ELECTRICAL DICTIONARY. By T. O'CoNOR SLOANE. An indispensable work to all interested in electrical science. Suitable alike for the student and professional. A practical hand-book of reference containing definitions of about 5,000 distinct words, terms and phrases. The definitions are terse and concise and include every term used in electrical science. Recently issued. An entirely new edition. Should be in the possession of all who desire to keep abreast with the progress of this branch of science. Complete, concise and convenient. 682 pages. 393 illustrations. Price .... $3.00 DIES METAL WORK DIES: THEIR CONSTRUCTION AND USE FOR THE MODERN WORKING OF SHEET METALS. By J. V. WOOD WORTH. A most useful book, and one which should be in the hands of all engaged in the press working of metals; treating on the Designing, Constructing, and Use of Tools, Fixtures and Devices, together with the manner in which they should be used in the Power Press, for the cheap and rapid production of the great variety of sheet metal articles now in use. It is designed as a guide to the production of sheet metal parts at the minimum of cost with the maximum of output. The hardening and tempering of Press tools and the classes of work which may be produced to the best advantage by the use of dies in the power press are fully treated. Its 505 illustrations show dies, press fixtures and sheet metal working devices, the descriptions of which are so clear and practical that all metal-working mechanic's will be able to understand how to design, construct and use them. Many of the dies and press fixtures treated were either constructed by the author or under his supervision. Others were built by skilful mechanics and are in use in large sheet metal establishments and machine shops. Price $3.00 PUNCHES, DIES ANL- TOOLS FOR MANUFACTURING IN PRESSES. By J. V. WOODWORTH. This work is a companion volume to the author's elementary work entitled "Dies, Their Construction and Use." It does not go into the details of die making to the extent of the author's previous book, but gives a comprehensive review of the field of operations carried on by presses. A large part of the information given has been drawn from the author's personal experience. . It might well be termed an Encyc^pedia of Die Making, Punch Making, Die Sinking, Sheet Metal Working, and Making of Special Tools, Sub-presses, Devices and Mechani- cal Combinations for Punching, Cutting, Bending, Forming, Piercing, Drawing, Compressing and Assembling Sheet Metal Parts, and also Articles of other Materials in Machine Tools. 2d Edition. Price $4.00 DROP FORGING, DIE SINKING AND MACHINE FORMING OF STEEL. By J. V. WOODWORTH. This is a practical treatise on Modern Shop Practice, Processes, Methods, Machines, Tools, and Details, treating on the Hot and Cold Machine- Forming of Steel and Iron into Finished shapes; Together with Tools, Dies, and Machinery involved in the manufacture of Duplicate CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS Forgings and Interchangeable Hot and Cold Pressed Parts from Bar and Sheet Metal. This book fills a demand of long standing for information regarding drop forging, die-sinking and machine forming of steel and the shop practice involved, as it actually exists in the modern drop forging shop. The processes of die-sinking and force-making, which are thor- oughly described and illustrated hi this admirable work, are rarely to De found explained in such a clear and concise manner as is here set forth. The process of die-sinking relates to the engraving or sinking of the female or lower dies, such as are used for drop forgings, hot and cold machine forging, swedging and the press working of metals. The process of force- making relates to the engraving or raising of the male or upper dies used in producing the lower dies for the press-forming and machine-fprging of duplicate parts of metal. In addition to the arts above mentioned the book contains explicit information regarding the drop forging and hardening plants, designs, conditions, equipment, drop hammers, forging machines, etc., machine forging, hydraulic forging, autogenous welding and shop practice. The book contains eleven chapters, and the information contained in these chapters is just what will prove most valuable to the forged metal worker. All operations described in the work are thoroughly illustrated by means of perspective half-tones and outline sketches of the machinery employed. 300 detailed illustrations. Price $2.50 DRAWING SKETCHING PAPER LINEAR PERSPECTIVE SELF-TAUGHT. By HERMAN T. C. KRAUS. This work gives the theory and practice of linear perspective, as used in architectural, engi- neering, and mechanical drawings. Persons taking up the study of the subject by themselves will be able by the use of the instruction given to readily grasp the subject, and by reason- able practice become good perspective draftsmen. The arrangement of the book is good ; the plate is on the left-hand, while the descriptive text follows on the opposite page, so as to be readily referred to. The drawings are on sufficiently large scale to show the work clearly and are plainly figured. The whole work makes a very complete course on perspective draw- ing, and will be found of great value to architects, civil and mechanical engineers, patent attorneys, art designers, engravers, and draftsmen $2.50 PRACTICAL PERSPECTIVE. By RICHARDS and COLVIN. Shows just how to make all kinds of mechanical drawings in the only practical perspective isometric. Makes everything plain so that any mechanic can understand a sketch or drawing in this way. Saves time in the drawing room, and mistakes in the shops. Contains practical examples of various classes of work. 3rd Edition 50 cents SELF-TAUGHT MECHANICAL DRAWING AND ELEMENTARY MACHINE DESIGN. By F- L. SYLVESTER, M.E., Draftsman, with additions by ERIK OBERQ, associate editor of "Machinery." This is a practical treatise on Mechanical Drawing and Machine Design, comprising the first principles of geometric and mechanical drawing, workshop mathematics, mechanics, strength of materials and the calculations and design of machine details. The author's aim has been to adapt this treatise to the requirements of the practical mechanic and young draftsman and to present the matter in as clear and concise a manner as possible. To meet the demands of this class of students, practically all the important elements of machine design have been dealt with, and in addition algebraic formulas have been explained, and the elements of trigonometry treated in the manner best suited to the needs of the prac- tical man. The book is divided into 20 chapters, and in arranging the material, mechan- ical drawing, pure and simple, has been taken up first, as a thorough understanding of the principles of representing objects facilitates the further study of mechanical subjects. This is followed by the mathematics necessary for the solution of the problems in machine de- sign which are presented later, and a practical introduction to theoretical mechanics and the strength of materials. The various elements entering into machine design, such as cams, gears, sprocket wheels, cone pulleys, bolts, screws, couplings, clutches, shafting and fly- wheels have been treated in such a way as to make possible the use of the work as a text- book for a continuous course of study. It is easily comprehended and assimilated even by students of limited previous training. 330 pages, 215 engravings. Price. . . . $2.00 A NEW SKETCHING PAPER. A new specially ruled paper to enable you to make sketches or drawings in isometric perspective without any figuring or fussing. It is being used for shop details as well as for assembly drawings, as it makes one sketch do the work of three, and no workman can help seeing just what is wanted. Pads of 40 sheets, 6x9 inches, 25 cents. Pads of 40 sheets, 9x12 inches 50 cents ; ^ sheets, 12x18, Price 1 tl-OO CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS ELECTRICITY ARITHMETIC OF ELECTRICITY. By Prof. T. O'CoNOR SLOANS. A practical treatise on electrical calculations of all kinds reduced to a series of rules, all of the simplest forms, and involving only ordinary arithmetic; each rule illustrated by one or more practical problems, with detailed solution of each one. This book is classed among the most useful works published on the science of electricity covering as it does the mathematics of electricity in a manner that will attract the attention of those who are not familiar with alge- braical formulas. 20th Edition. 160 pages. Price $1.00 COMMUTATOR CONSTRUCTION. By WM. BAXTER, JR. The business end of any dynamo or motor of the direct current type is the commutator. This book goes into the designing, building, and maintenance of commutators, shows how to locate troubles and how to remedy them; everyone who fusses with dynamos needs this. 25 cents DYNAMO BUILDING FOR AMATEURS, OR HOW TO CONSTRUCT A FIFTY-WATT DYNAMO. By ARTHUR J. WEED, Member of N. Y. Electrical Society. A practical treatise showing in detail the construction of a small dynamo or motor, the entire machine work of which can be done on a small foot lathe. Dimensioned working drawings are given for each piece of machine work and each operation is clearly described. This machine, when used as a dynamo, has an output of fifty watts; when used as a motor it will drive a small drill press or lathe. It can be used to drive a sewing machine on any and all ordinary work. The book is illustrated with more than sixty original engravings showing the actual construction of the different parts. Among the contents are chapters on 1 . Fifty Watt Dynamo. 2. Side Bearing Rods. 3. Field Punchings. 4. Bearings. 5. Commu- tator. 6. Pulley. 7. Brush Holders. 8. Connection Board. 9. Armature Shaft. 10. Armature. 11. Armature Winding. 12. Field Winding. 13. Connecting and Starting. Price, paper, 50 cents. Cloth $1.00 ELECTRIC FURNACES AND THEIR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS. By J. WRIGHT This is a book which will prove of interest to many classes of people; the manufacturer who desires to know what product can be manufactured successfully in the electric furnace, the chemist who wishes to post himself on the electro-chemistry, and the student of science who merely looks into the subject from curiosity. The book is not so scientific as to be of use only to the technologist, nor so unscientific as to suit only the tyro in electro-chemistry; it is a practical treatise of what has been done, and of what is being done, both experimentally and commercially with the electric furnace. In important processes not only are the chemical equations given, but complete thermal data are set forth and both the efficiency of the furnace and the cost of the product are worked out, thus giving the work a solid commercial value aside from its efficacy as a work of reference. The practical features of furnace building are given the space that the subject deserves. The forms and refractory materials used in the linings, the arrangement of the connections to the electrodes, and other important details are explained. 288 pages. New Revised Edition. Fully illustrated. Price $3.00 ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND HEATING POCKET BOOK. By SYDNEY F. WALKER. This book puts in convenient form useful information regarding the apparatus which is likely to be attached to the mains of an electrical company. Tables of units and equivalents are included and useful electrical laws and formulas are stated. One section is devoted to dynamos, motors, transformers and accessory apparatus; another to accumulators, another to switchboards and related equipment, a fourtn to a description of various systems of distribution, a fifth section to a discussion of instruments, both for portable use and switchboards; another section deals with electric lamps of various types and accessory appliances, and the concluding section is given up to electric heating apparatus. In each section a large number of commercial types are described, frequent tables of dimen- sions being included. A great deal of detail information of each line of apparatus is given and the illustrations shown give a good idea of the general appearance of the apparatus under discussion. The book also contains much valuable information for the central station engi- neer. 438 pages. 300 engravings. Bound in leather pocket book form. Price . $3.00 ELECTRIC WIRING, DIAGRAMS AND SWITCHBOARDS. By NEWTON HARRISON. A thoroughly practical treatise covering the subject of Electric Wiring in all its branches, including explanations and diagrams which are thoroughly explicit and greatly simplify the subject. Practical every-day problems in wiring are presented and the method of obtaining intelligent results clearly shown. Only arithmetic is used. Ohm's law is given CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS a simple explanation with reference to wiring for direct and alternating currents. The funda- mental principle of drop of potential in circuits is shown with its various applications. The simple circuit is developed with the position of mains, feeders and branches; their treat- ment as a part of a wiring plan and their employment in house-wiring clearly illustrated Some simple facts about testing are included in connection with the wiring. Molding and conduit work are given careful consideration; and switchboards are systematically treated, built up and illustrated, showing the purpose they serve, for connection with the circuits, and to shunt and compound wound machines. The simple principles of switchboard construction, the development of the switchboard, the connections of the various instru- ments including the lightning arrester, are also plainly set forth. Alternating current wiring is treated, with explanations of the power factor, conditions calling for various sizes of wire and a simple way of obtaining the sizes for single-phase, two- phase and three-phase circuits. This is the only complete work issued showing and telling you what you should know about direct and alternating current wiring. It is a ready refer- ence. The work is free from advanced technicalities and mathematics, arithmetic being used throughout. It is in every respect a handy, well-written, instructive, comprehensive volume on wiring for the wireman, foreman, contractor, or electrician. 272 pages; 105 illus- trations. Price $1.50 ELECTRIC TOY MAKING, DYNAMO BUILDING, AND ELECTRIC MOTOR CON- STRUCTION. By Prof. T. O'CoNOR SLOANE. This work treats of the making at home of electrical toys, electrical apparatus, motors, dynamos and instruments in general, and is designed to bring within the reach of young and old the manufacture of genuine and useful electrical appliances. The work is especially designed for amateurs and young folks. Thousands of our young people are daily experimenting, and busily engaged in making electrical toys and apparatus of various kinds. The present work is just what is wanted to give the much needed information in a plain, practical manner, with illustrations to make easy the carrying out of the work. 19th Edition. Price $1.00 ELECTRICIAN'S HANDY BOOK. By Prof. T. O'CONOR SLOANE. This work of 768 pages is intended for the practical electrician who has to make things go. The entire field of electricity is covered within its pages. Among some of the subjects treated are: The Theory of the Electric Current and Circuit, Electro-Chemistry, Primary Batteries, Storage Batteries, Generation and Utilization of Electric Powers, Alternating Current, Arma- ture Winding, Dynamos and Motors, Motor Generators, Operation of the Central Station Switchboards, Safety Appliances, Distribution of Electric Light and Power, Street Mains, Transformers, Arc and Incandescent Lighting, Electric Measurements, Photometry, Electric Railways, Telephony, Bell-Wiring, Electro-Plating, Electric Heating, Wireless Telegraphy, etc. It contains no useless theory; eyery thing is to the point. It teaches you just what you want to know about electricity. It is the standard work published on the subject. Forty-9ne chapters, 610 engravings, handsomely bound in red leather with title and edges in gold. Price: $3.50 ELECTRICITY IN FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS, ITS COST AND CONVENIENCE. By ARTHUR P. HASLAM. A practical book for power producers and power users showing what a convenience the electric motor, in its various forms, has become to the modern manufacturer. It also deals with the conditions which determine the cost of electric driving, and compares this with other methods of producing and utilizing power. Among the chapters contained in the book are: The Direct Current Motor; The Alternating Current Motor; The Starting and Speed Regulation of Electric Motors; The Rating and Efficiency of Electric Motors; The Cost of Energy as Affected by Conditions of Working, The Question for the Small Power User; Independent Generating Plants; Oil and Gas Engine Plants; Steam Plants; Power Station Tariff s ; The Use of Electric Power in Textile Factories ; Electric Power in Printing Works; The Use of Electric Power in Engineering Workshops Miscellaneous Application of Electric Power; The Installation of Electric Motors; The Lighting of Industrial Establishments. 312 pages. Very fully illustrated. Price .... $2.50 ELECTRICITY SIMPLIFIED. By Prof. T. O'CoNOR SLOANE. The object of "Electricity Simplified" is to make the subject as plain as possible and to show what the modern conception of electricity is; to show how two plates of different metals immersed in acid can send a message around the globe; to explain how a bundle of copper wire rotated by a steam engine can be the agent in lighting our streets, to tell what the volt, ohm and ampere are, and what high and low tension mean; and to answer the questions that perpetually arise in the mind in this age of electricity. 172 pages. Illustrated. Price $ l.OO 10 CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS HOUSE WIRING. By THOMAS W. POPPE. This work describes and illustrates the actual installation of Electric Light Wiring, the manner in which the work should be done, and the method of doing it. The book can be conveniently carried in the pocket. It is intended for the Electrician, Helper and Apprentice. It solves all Wiring Problems, and contains nothing that conflicts with the rulings of the Nation- al Board of Fire Lnderwriters. It gives just the information essential to the Successful Wiring of a Building. Among the subjects treated are: Locating the Meter. Panel Boards. Switches. Plug Receptacles. Bracuets. Ceiling Fixtures. The Meter Connections. The Feed Wires. The Steel Armored Cable System. The Flexible Steel Conduit System. The Kidig Conduit System. A digest of the National Board of Fire Underwriters' rules relating to metallic wiring systems. Various switching arrangements explained and diagrammed. The easiest method of testing the Three and Four-way circuits explained. The grounding of all metallic wiring systems and the reason for doing so shown and explained. The in- sulation of the metal parts of lamp fixtures and the reason for the same described and illustrated. 125 pages. Fully illustrated. Flexible cloth. Price 50 cents HOW TO BECOME A SUCCESSFUL ELECTRICIAN- By Prof. T. O'CoxoR SLOANE. Every young man who wishes to become a successful electrician should read this book. It tells in simple language the surest and easiest way to become a successful electrician. The studies to be followed, methods of work, field of operation and the requirements of the successful electrician are pointed out and fully explained. Every young engineer will find this an ex- cellent stepping-stone to more advanced works on electricity which he must master before success can be attained. Many young men become discouraged at the very outstart bv attempting to read and study books that are far beyond their comprehension. This book serves as the connecting link between the rudiments taught in the public schools and the real study of electricity. It is interesting from cover to cover. Fifteenth edition. 202 pages. Illustrated. Price $1.00 MANAGEMENT OF DYNAMOS. By LUMMIS-PATERSON. A handbook of theory and practice. This work is arranged in three parts. The first part covers the elementary theory of the dynamo. The second part, the construction and action of the different classes of dynamos in common use are described; while the third part relates to such matters as affect the practical management and working of dynamos and motors. The following chapters are contained in the book: Electrical Units; Magnetic Principles; Theory of the Dynamo; Armature; Armature in Practice; Field Magnets; Field Magnets in Practice; Regulating Dynamos; Coupling Dynamos; Installation, Running, and Maintenance Df Dynamos; Faults in Dyn-mos; Faults in Armatures; Motors. 292 pages. 117 illustra- tions. Price $1.50 STANDARD ELECTRICAL DICTIONARY. By T. O'CoNOR SLOANE. An indispensable work to all interested in electrical science. Suitable alike for the student and professional. A practical hand-book of reference containing definitions of about 5,000 distinct words, terms and phrases. The definitions are terse and concise and include every term used in electrical science. Recently issued. An entirely new edition. Should be in the possession of all who desire to keep abreast with the progesss of this branch of science. In its arrangement and typography the book is very convenient. The word or term defined is printed in black-faced type which readily catches the eye, while the body of the page is In smaller but distinct type. The definitions are well worded, and so as to be understood by the non-technical reader. The general plan seems to be to give an exact, concise definition, and then amplify and explain in a more popular way. Synonyms are also given, and refer- ences to other words and phrases are made. A very complete and accurate index of fifty pages is at the end of the volume; and as this index contains all synonyms, and as all phrases are indexed in every reasonable combination of words, reference to the proper place in the body of the book is readily made. It is difficult to decide how far a book of this character is to keep the dictionary form, and to what extent it may assume the encyclopedia form. For some purposes, concise, exactly worded definitions are needed ; for other purposes, more extended descriptions are required. This book seeks to satisfy both demands, and does it with considerable success. Complete, concise, and convenient. 682 pages. 393 illustra- tions. Twelfth edition. Price $3.00 SWITCHBOARDS. By WILLIAM BAXTER, JR. This book appeals to every engineer and electrician who wants to know the practical side of things. It takes up all sorts and conditions of dynamos, connections and circuits and shows by diagram and illustration just how the switchboard should be connected. Includes direct and alternating current boards, also those for arc lighting, incandescent, and power circuits. Special treatment on high voltage boards for power transmission. 2d Edition. 190 pages. Illustrated. Price $1.50 II CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS TELEPHONE CONSTRUCTION, INSTALLATION, WIRING, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE. By W. H. RADCLIFFE and H. C. GUSHING. This book gives the principles of construction gnd operation of both the Bell and Independent instruments; approved methods of installing and wiring them; the means of protecting them from lightning and abnormal currents; their connection together for operation as series or bridging stations ; and rules for their inspection and maintenance. Line wiring and the wir- ing and operation of special telephone systems are also treated. Intricate mathematics are avoided, and all apparatus, circuits and systems are thoroughly described. The appendix contains definitions of units and terms used in the text. Selected wiring tables, which are very helpful, are also included. Among the subjects treated are Construction, Operation, and installation of Telephone Instruments, Inspection and M ain- tenance of Telephone Instruments; Telephone Line Wiring; Testing Telephone Line Wires and Cables; Wiring and Operation of Special Telephone Systems, etc. 100 pages, 125 illus- trations $1.00 WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY AND TELEPHONY SIMPLY EXPLAINED. BY ALFRED P. MORGAN. This is undoubtedly one of the most complete and comprehensible treatises on the subject ever published, and a close study of its pages will enable one to master all the details of the wireless transmission of messages. The author has filled a long felt want and has succeeded in furnishing a lucid, comprehensible explanation in simple language of the theory and practice of wireless telegraphy and telephony. Among the contents are: Introductory; Wireless Transmission and Reception The Aerial System, Earth Connections The Transmitting Apparatus, Spark Coils and Trans- formers, Condensers, Helixes, Spark Gaps, Anchor Gaps, Aerial Switches The Receiving Apparatus, Detectors, etc. Tuning and Coupling, Tuning Coils, Loose Couplers, Variable Condensers, Directive Wave Systems Miscellaneous Apparatus, Telephone Receivers, Range of Stations, Static, Interference Wireless Telephones, Sound and Sound Waves, The Vocal Cords and Ear Wireless Telephones, How Sounds are changed into Electric Waves Wireless Telephones, The Apparatus Summary. 200 pages. 150 engravings. Price $1.00 WIRELESS TELEPHONES AND HOW THEY WORK. By JAMES ERSKINE-MURRA Y. This work is free from elaborate details and aims at giving a clear survey of the way in which Wireless Telephones work. It is intended for amateur workers and for those whose knowledge of electricity is slight. Chapters contained: How We Hear; Historical; The Conversion of Sound into Electric Waves; Wireless Transmission; The Production of Alternating Currents of High Frequency; How the Electric Waves are Radiated and Received; The Receiving Instruments; Detectors; Achievements and Expectations; Glossary of Technical Words, Cloth. Price Sl.OO WIRING A HOUSE. By HERBERT PRATT. Shows a house already built; tells just how to start about wiring it; where to begin; what wire to use; how to run it according to Insurance Rules; in fact just the information you need. Directions apply equally to a shop. Fourth edition 25 cents FACTORY MANAGEMENT, ETC. MODERN MACHINE SHOP CONSTRUCTION, EQUIPMENT AND MANAGEMENT. By O. E. PERRIGO, M.E. The only work published that describes the modern machine shop or manufacturing plant from the time the grass is growing on the site intended for it until the finished product is shipped. By a careful study of its thirty-two chapters the practical man may economically build, efficiently equip, and successfully manage the modern machine shop or manufacturing estab- ishment. Just the book needed by those contemplating the erection of modern shop buildings, the re-building and re-organization of old ones, or the introduction of modern shop methods, time and cost system. It is a book written and illustrated by a practical shop man for practical shop men who are too busy to read theories and want f-icts. It is the most complete all around book of its kind ever published. It is a practical book for practical men, from the apprentice in the shop to the president iii the office. It minutely describes and illustrates the most simple and yet the most efficient time and cost system yet devised. Price $5.00 12 CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS FUEL COMBUSTION OF COAL AND THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE. By WM. M. BARR. This book has been prepared with special reference to the generation of heat by the combus- tion of the common fuels found in the United States, and deals particularly with the condi- tions necessary to the economic and smokeless combustion of bituminous coals in Stationary and Locomotive Steam Boilers. The presentation of this important subject is systematic and progressive. The arrangement of the book is in a series of practical questions to which are appended accurate answers, which describe in language, free from technicalities, the several processes involved in the furnace combustion of American fuels; it clearly states the essential requisites for perfect combustion, and points out the best methods for furnace construction for obtaining the great- est quantity of heat from any given quality of coal. Nearly 350 pages, fully illustrated. Price $1.00 SMOKE PREVENTION AND FUEL ECONOMY. By BOOTH and KEKSHAW. A complete treatise for all interested in smoke prevention and combustion, being based on the German work of Ernst Schrnatolla, but it is more than a mere translation of the German treatise, much being added. The authors show as briefly as possible the principles of fuel combustion, the methods which have been and are at present in use, as well as the proper scientific methods for obtaining all the energy in the coal and burning it without smoke. Considerable space is also given to the examination of the waste gases, and several of the representative English and American mechanical stoker and similar appliances are described. The losses carried away in the waste gases are thoroughly analyzed and discussed in the Ap- pendix, and abstracts are also here given of various patents on combustion apparatus. The book is complete and contains much of value to all who have charge of large plants. 194 pages. Illustrated. Price $2.50 GAS ENGINES AND GAS GASOLINE ENGINES: THEIR OPERATION, USE AND CARE. By A. HYATT VERRILL. The Simplest, Latest and Most Comprehensive popular work published on Gasoline Engines describing what the Gasoline engine is; its construction and operation; how to install it; how to select it; how to use it and how to remedy troubles encountered. Intended for owners, Operators and Users of Gasoline Motors of all kinds. This work fully describes and illus- trates the various types of Gasoline engines used in Motor Boats, Motor Vehicles and Stationary Work. The parts, accessories and Appliances are described, with chapters on ignition, fuel, lubrication, operation and engine troubles. Special attention is given to the care, operation and repair of motors with useful hints and suggestions on emergency re- pairs and make-shifts. A complete glossary of technical terms and an alphabetically ar- ranged table of troubles and their symptoms form most valuable and unique features of this manual. Nearly every illustration in the book is original, having been made by the author. Every page is full of interest and value. A book which you cannot afford to be without. 320 pages. Nearly 150 specially made engravings. Price $1.50 GAS, GASOLINE, AND OIL ENGINES. By GARDNER D. Hiscox. Just issued, 20th revised and enlarged edition. Every user of a gas engine needs this book. Simple, instructive, and right up-to-date. The only complete work on the subject. Tells all about the running and management of gas, gasoline and oil engines, as designed and manu- factured in the United States. Explosive motors for stationary, marine and vehicle power are fully treated, together with illustrations of their parts and tabulated sizes, also their care and running are included. Electric ignition by induction coil and jump spark are fully explained and illustrated, including valuable information on the testing for economy and power and the erection of power plants. The rules and regulations of the Board of Fire Underwriters in regard to the installation anl management of gasoline motors is given in full, suggesting the safe installation of explosive motor power. A list of United States Patents issued on gas, gasoline, and oil engines and their adjuncts from 1875 to date is included. 484 pages. 410 engravings Price . . . $2.50 MODERN GAS ENGINES AND PRODUCER GAS PLANTS. By R. E. MATHOT, M.E, A guide for the gas engine designer, user, and engineer in the construction, selection, purchase installation, operation, and maintenance of gas engines. More than one book on gas engines has been written, but not one has thus far even encroached on the field covered by this book. Above all Mr. Mathot's work is a practical guide. Recognizing the need of a volume that CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS would assist the gas engine user in understanding thoroughly the motor upon which he depends for power, the author has discussed his subject without the help of any mathematics and without elaborate theoretical explanations. Every part of the gas engine is described in detail, tersely, clearly, with a thorough understanding of the requirements of the mechanic. Helpful suggestions as to the purchase of an en^ue, its installation, care, and operation form a most \aluablefeatureofthework. 320pac;c;s. 175 detailed illustrations. Price . . . $2.50 ^AS ENGINE CONSTRUCTION, OR HOW TO BUILD A HALF-HORSE-POWER GAS ENGINE. By PARSELL and WEED. A practical treatise of 300 pages describing the the9ry and principles of the action of Gas Engines of various types and the design and construction of a half -horse power Gas Engine, with illustrations of the work in actual progress, together with the dimensioned working drawings giving clearly the sizes of the various details; for the student, the scientific investigator and the amateur mechanic. Tnis book treats of the subject more from the standpoint of practice than that of theory. The principles of operation of Gas Engines are clearly and simply described and then the actual construction of a half-horse power engine is taken up, step by step, showing in detail the making of the Gas Engine. 3d Edition. 300 pages. Price $2.50 THE GASOLINE ENGINE ON THE FARM: ITS OPERATION, REPAIR AND USES. By XENO W. PUTNAM. This is a practical treatise on the Gasoline and Kerosene engine intended for the man who wants to know just how to manage his engine and how to apply it to all kinds of farm work to the best advantage. The book includes selecting the most suitable engine for farm work, its most convenient and efficient installation, with chapters on troubles, their remedies and how to avoid them. The care and management of the farm tractor in plowing, harrowing, harvesting and road grading are fully covered; also plain directions are given for handling the tractor on the road. Special attention is given to relieving farm life of its drudgery by applying power to the disagreeable small tasks which must otherwise be done by hand. Many homemade con- trivances for cutting wood, supplying kitchen, garden and barn with water, loading, hauling and unloading hay, delivering grain to the bins or the feed trough are included; also full directions for making the engine milk the cows, churn, wash, sweep the house and clean the windows, etc. Very fully illustrated with drawings of working parts and cuts showing Stationary, Portable and Tractor Engines doing all kinds of farm work. 300 pages. Nearly 150 engravings. 12mo. Price $1.50 CHEMISTRY OF GAS MANUFACTURE. By H. M. ROYLES. This book covers points likely to arise in the ordinary course of the duties of the engineer or manager of a gas works not large enough to necessitate the employment of a separate chemical staff. It treats of the testing of the raw materials employed in tne manufacture of illuminat- ing coal gas, and of the gas produced. The preparation of standard solutions is given as well as the chemical and physical examination of gas coal including among its contents Prepa- ratipns of Standard Solutions, Coal, Furnaces, Testing and Regulati9n. Products of Car- bonization. Analysis of Crude Coal Gas. Analysis of Lime. Ammonia. Analysis of Oxide pf Iron. Naphthalene. Analysis of Fire-Bricks and Fire-Clay. Weldom and Spent Oxide. Photometry and Gas Testing. Carburetted Water Gas. Metropolis Gas. Miscellaneous Extracts. Useful Tables $4.50 GEARING AND CAMS BEVEL GEAR TABLES. By D. AG. ENGSTROM. A book that will at once commend itself to mechanics and draftsmen. Does away with all the trigonometry and tancy figuring on bevel gears and makes it easy for anyone to lay them out or make them just right. There are 36 full-page tables that show every necessary dimen- sion for all sizes or combinations you're apt to need. No puzzling figuring or guessing. Gives placing distance, all the angles (including cutting angles), and the correct cutter to use. A copy of this prepares you for anything in the bevel gear line. 66 pages. . $1.00 CHANGE GEAR DEVICES. By OSCAR E. PERRIGO. A practical book for every designer, draftsman, and mechanic interested in the invention and development of the devices for feed changes on the different machines requiring such mechan- ism. All the necessary information on this subject is taken up, analyzed, classified, sifted, and concentrated for the use of busy men who have not the time to go through the masses of irrelevant matter with which such a subject is usually encumbered and select such infor- mation as will be useful to them. It shows just what has been done, how it has been done, when it was done, and who did it. It saves time in hunting up patent records and re-inventing old ideas. 88 pages. $1.00 CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS DRAFTING OF CAMS. By Louis ROUILLION. The laying out of cams is a serious problem unless you know how to go at it right. This puts you on the right road for practically any kind of cam you are likely to run up against. 25 cents HYDRAULICS HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING. By GARDNER D. Hiscox. A treatise on the properties, power, and resources of water for all purposes. Including the measurement of streams, the flow of water in pipes or conduits ; the horse-power of falling water; turbine and impact water-wheels, wave motors, centrifugal, reciprocating, and air- lift pumps. With 300 figures and diagrams and 36 practical tables. All who are interested in water-works development will find this book a useful one, because it is an entirely practical treatise upon a subject of present importance, and cannot fail in having a far-reaching influence, and for this reason should have a place in the working library of every engineer. Among the subjects treated are: Historical Hydraulics, Properties of Water; Measurement of the flow of Streams; Flow from Subsurface orifices and nozzles; Flow of water in Pipes; Siphons of various kinds; Dams and Great Storage Reservoirs; City and Town Water Supply; Wells and their reenforcement ; Air lift methods of raising water; artesian wells; Irrigation of Arid districts; Water Power, Water Wheels; Pumps and Pumping Machinery; Reciprocating Pumps; Hydraulic Power Transmission; Hydraulic Mining; Canals; Ditches; Conduits and Pipe Lines; Marine Hydraulics; Tidal and Sea Wave power, etc. 320 pages. Price $4.00 ICE AND REFRIGERATION POCKET BOOK OF REFRIGERATION AND ICE MAKING. By A. J. WALLIS- TAYLOR. This is one of the latest and most comprehensive reference books published on the subject of refrigeration and cold storage. It explains the properties and refrigerating effect of the different fluids in use, the management of refrigerating machinery and the construction and insulation of cold rooms with their required pipe surface for different degrees of cold ; freezing mixtures and non-freezing brines, temperatures of cold rooms for all kinds of provisions, cold storage charges for all classes of goods, ice making and storage of ice, data and memoranda for constant reference by refrigerating engineers, with nearly one hundred tables containing valuable references to every fact and condition required in the installment and operation of a refrigerat- ing plant. Illustrated. (5th Edition, revised.) Price $1.50 INVENTIONS PATENTS INVENTOR'S MANUAL, HOW TO MAKE A PATENT PAY. This is a book designed as a guide to inventors in perfecting their inventions, taking out their patents and disposing of them. It is not in any sense a Patent Solicitor's Circular, nor a Patent Broker's Advertisement. No advertisements of any description appear in the work. It is- a book containing a quarter of a century's experience of a successful inventor, together with notes based upon the experience of many other inventors. Among the subjects treated in this work are: How to Invent. How to Secure a Good Patent. Value of Good Invention. How to exhibit an Invention. How to Interest Capital. How to Estimate the Value of a Patent. Value of Design Patents. Value of Foreign Patents. Value of Small Inventions. Advice on Selling Patents. Advice on the Formation of Stock Companies. Advice on the Formation of Limited Liability Companies. Advice on Disposing of Old Patents. Advice as to Patent Attorneys. Advice as to Selling Agents. Forms of Assignments. License and Contracts. State Laws Concerning Patent Rights. 1900 Census of the United States by counties of over 10,000 population. Kevised edition. 120 pages. Price . $1.00 KNOTS KNOTS, SPLICES AND ROPE WORK. By A. HYATT VERRILL. This is a practical book giving complete and simple directions for making all the most use- ful and ornamental knots in common use. with chapters on Splicing, Pointing, Seizing, CATALOGUE OF GOOD. PRACTICAL BOOKS Serving, etc. This book is fully illustrated with one hundred and fifty original engravings which show how each knot, tie or splice is formed and its appearance when finished. The book will be found of the greatest value to Campers, Yachtsmen, Travelers, Boy Scouts hi fact to anyone having occasion to use or handle rope or knots for any purpose. The book is thoroughly reliable and practical and is not only a guide but a teacher. It is the standard work on the subject. Among the contents are: 1. Cordage, Kinds of Rope. Construction of Rope, Parts of Rope Cable and Bolt Rope. Strength of Rope, Weight of Rope. 2. Sim- ple knots and Bends. Terms used in Handling Rope. Seizing Rope. 3. Ties and Hitches. 4. Noose, Loops and Mooring Knots. 5. Shortenings, Grommets and Selvages. 6. Lash- ings. Seizings and Splices. 7. Fancy Knots and Rope Work. 128 pages. 150 original engravings. Price 60 cents LATHE WORK MODERN AMERICAN LATHE PRACTICE. By OSCAR E. PERRIGO. This is a new book from cover to cover, and the only complete American work on the subject written by a man who knows not only how work ought to be done, but who also knows how to do it, and how to convey this knowledge to others. It is strictly up-to-date in its descriptions and illustrations, which represent the very latest practice in lathe and boring mill operations as well as the construction of and latest developments in the manufacture of these important classes of machine tools. Lathe history and the relations of the Lathe to manufacturing are given; also a description of the various devices for Feeds and Thread Cutting mechanisms from early efforts in this direction to the present time. Lathe design is thoroughly discussed, including Back Gearing, Driving Cones, Thread Cutting Gears, and all the essential elements of the modern Lathe. The classification of Lathes is taken up, giving the essential differences of the several types of Lathes, including, as is usually understood, Engine Lathes, Bench Lathes, Speed Lathes, Forge Lathes, Gap Lathes, Pulley Lathes, Forming Lathes, Multiple Spindle Lathes, Rapid Reduction Lathes, Precision Lathes: Turret Lathes, Special Lathes, Electrically Dn/en Lathes, etc. 424 pages. 314 illustrations. Price $2.50 PRACTICAL METAL TURNING. By JOSEPH G. HORNER. This important and practical subject is treated in a full and exhaustive manner and nothing of importance is omitted. The principles and practice and all tbe different branches of Turn- ing are considered and well illustrated. All the different kinds of Chucks of usual forms, as well as some unusual kinds, are shown. A feature of the book is the important section de- voted to modern Turret practice; Boring is another subject which is treated fully; and the chapter on Tool Holders illustrates a large number of representative types. Thread Cutting is treated at reasonable length; and the last chapter contains a good deal of information relating to the High-Speed Steels and their work. The numerous tools used by machinists are illustrated, and also the aujuncts of the lathe. In fact, the entire subject is treated in such a thorough manner as to make this book the standard one on i.he subject. It is indis- pensable to the manager, engineer, and machinist as well as to the student, amateur, and experimental man who desires to keep up-to-date. 400 pages, fully illustiated. Price $3.50 TURNING AND BORING TAPERS. By FRED H. COLVIN. There are two ways to turn tapers; the right way and one other. This treatise has to do with the right way; it tells you how to start the work properly, how to set the lathe, what tools to use and how to use them, and forty and one other little things that y >u should know. Fourth edition 25 cents LIQUID AIR AND THE LIQUEFACTION OF GASES. By T. O'CoNOR SLOANE. This book gives the history of the theory, discovery, and manufacture of Liquid Air, and oi' ; aJns an illustrated description of all the experiments that have excited the wonder of audiences all over the country. It shows how liquid air, like water, is carried hundreds of miles and is handled in open buckets. It tells what may be expected from it in the near future. A book that renders simple one of the most perplexing chemical problems of the century. Startling developments illustrated by actual experiments. It is not only a work of scientific interest and authority, but is intended for the general reader, being written in a popular style easily understood by every one. Second edition. 365 Price ' $2.00 CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERING AIR-BRAKE CATECHISM. By ROBERT H. BLACKALL. This book is a standard text book. It covers the Westinghouse Air-Brake Equipment, In- cluding the No. 5 and the No. 6 E. T Locomotive Brake Equipment; the K (Quick-Service) Triple Valve for Freight Service; and the Cross-Compound Pump. The operation of all parts of the apparatus is explained in detail, and a practical way of finding their peculiarities and defects, with a proper remedy, is given. It contains 2,000 questions witn their answers, which will enable any railroad man to pass any examination on the subject of Air Brakes. Endorsed and used by air-brake instructors and examiners on nearly every railroad in the United States. 25th Edition. 350 pages, fully illustrated with folding plates and dia- grams $2.00 AMERICAN COMPOUND LOCOMOTIVES. By FRED. H. COLVIN. The only book on compounds for the engineman or shopman that shows in a plain, practical way the various features of compound locomotives in use. Shows how they are made, what to do when they break down or balk. Contains sections as follows: A Bit of History. The- ory of Compounding Steam Cylinders. Baldwin Two-Cylinder Compound. Pittsburg Two- Cylinder Compound. Rhode Island Compound. Richmond Compound. Rogers Compound. Schenectady Two-Cylinder Compound. Vauclain Compound. Tandem Compounds. Bald- win Tandem. The Colvin-Wigntman Tande/n. Schenectady Tandem. Balanced Loco- motives. Baldwin Balanced Compound. Plans for Balancing. Locating Blows. Break- downs. Reducing Valves. Drifting. Valve Motion. Disconnecting. Power of Compound Locomotives. Practical Notes. Fully illustrated 'and containing ten special "Duotone" inserts on heavy Plate Paper, show- ing different types of Compounds. 142 pages. Price $1.00 APPLICATION OF HIGHLY SUPERHEATED STEAM TO LOCOMOTIVES. By ROBERT GARBE. A practical book. Contains special chapters on Generation of Highly Superheated Steam; Superheated Steam and the Two-Cylinder Simple Engine; Compounding and Superheating; Designs ofj Locomotive Superheaters; Constructive Details of Locomotives using Highly Superheated Steam; Experimental and Working Results. Illustrated with folding places and tables. Price $2.5O COMBUSTION OF COAL AND THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE. By WM. M. BARR. This book has been prepared with special reference to the generation of heat by the combus- tion of the common fuels found in the United States, and deals particularly with the condi- tions necessary to the economic and smokeless combustion of bituminous coal in Stationary and Locomotive Steam Boilers. The presentation of this important subject is systematic and progressive. The arrangement of the book is in a series of practical questions to which are appended accurate answers, which describe in language, free from technicalities, the several processes involved in the furnace combustion of American fuels; it clearly states the essential requisites for perfect combustion, and points out the best methods of furnace construction for obtaining the greatest quantity of heat from any given quality of coal. Nearly 350 pages, fully illustrated. Price $1.00 DIARY OF A ROUND HOUSE FOREMAN. By T. S. REILLY . This is the greatest book of railroad experiences ever published. Containing a fund of infor- mation and suggestions along the line of handling men, organizing, etc. , that one cannot afford to miss. 176 pages. Price $1.00 LINK MOTIONS, VALVES AND VALVE SETTING. By FRED H. COLVIN, Associate Editor of "American Machinist." A handy book for the engineer pr machinist that clears up the mysteries of valve setting. Shows the different valve gears in use, how they work, and why. Piston and slide valves of different types are illustrated and explained. A book that every railroad man in the mo- tive power department ought to have. Contains chapters on Locomotive Link Motion, Valve Movements, Setting Slide Valves, Analysis by Diagrams. Modern Practice, Slip of Block, Slide Valves, Piston Valves, Setting Piston Valves, Joy-Allen Valve Gear, Walschaert Valve Gear, Gooch Valve Gear, Alfree-Hubbell Valve Gear, etc., etc. Fully illustrated. Price . 50 cents 17 CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS LOCOMOTIVE BOILER CONSTRUCTION. By FRANK A. KLEINHANS. The construction of boilers in general is treated, and following this, the locomotive boiler is taken up in the order in which its various parts go through the shpp. Shows all types of boilers used: gives details of construction; practical facts, such as life of riveting, punches and dies; work done per day, allowance for bending and flanging sheets, and other data. Locomotive boilers present more difficulty in laying out and building than any other type, and for this reason the author uses them as examples. Anyone who can handle them can tackle anything. Contains chapters on Laying Out Work; Flanging and Forging; Punching; Shearing: Plate Planing; General Tables; Finishing Parts; Bending; Machinery Parts; Riveting; Boiler Details; Smoke Box Details; Assembling and Calking; Boiler Shop Machinery, etc., etc. There isn't a man who has anything to do with boiler work, either new or repair work, who doesn't need this book. The manufacturer, superintendent, foreman, and boiler worker all need it. No matter what the type of boiler, you'll find a mint of information that you wouldn't be without. Over 400 pages, five large folding plates. Price $3.00 LOCOMOTIVE BREAKDOWNS AND THEIR REMEDIES. By GEO. L. FOWLER. Revised by WM. W. WOOD, Air-Brake Instructor. Just issued. Revised pocket edition. It is out of the question to try and tell you about every subject that is covered in this pocket edition of Locomotive Breakdowns. Just imagine all the common troubles that an engineer may expect to happen some time, and then adti all of the unexpected ones, troubles that could occur, but that you had never thought about, and you will find that they are all treated with the very best methods of repair. Walschaert Locomotive Valve Gear Troubles, Electric Headlight Troubles, as well as Questions and Answers on the Air Brake are all included. 294 pages. 7th Revised Edition. Fully illustrated $1.00 LOCOMOTIVE CATECHISM. By ROBERT GRIMSHAW. The revised edition of "Locomotive Catechism," by Robert Grimshaw, is a New Book from Cover to Cover. It contains twice as many pages and double the number of illustrations of previous editions. Includes the greatest amount of practical information ever published on the construction and management of modern locomotives. Specially Prepared Chapters on the Walschaert Locomotive Valve Gear, the Air Brake Equipment and the Electric Head Light are given. It commends itself at 9nce to every Engineer and Fireman, and to all who are going in for examination or promotion. In plain language, with full complete answers, not only all the questions asked by the examining engineer are given, but those which the young and less experienced would ask the veteran, and which old hands ask as "stickers." It is a veritable Encyclopedia of the Locomotive, is entirely free from mathematics, easily understood and thoroughly up-to-date. Contains over 4,000 Examination Questions with their Answers. 825 pages, 437 illustrations and three folding plates. 28th Revised Edition. . . $2.50 PRACTICAL INSTRUCTOR AND REFERENCE BOOK FOR LOCOMOTIVE FIREMEN AND ENGINEERS. By CHAS. F. LOCKHART. An entirely new book on the Locomotive. It appeals to every railroad man, as it tells him how things are done and the right way to do them. Written by a man who has had years of practical experience in locomotive shops and on the road firing and running. The infor- mation given in this book cannot be found in any other similar treatise. Eight hundred and fifty-one questions with their answers are included, which will prove specially helpful to those preparing for examination. Practical information on: The Construction and Opera- tion of Locomotives. Breakdowns and their Remedies; Air Brakes and Valve Gears. Rules and Signals are handled in a thorough manner. As a book of reference it cannot be excelled. The book is divided into six parts, as follows: 1. The Fireman's Duties. 2. General description of the Locomotive. 3. Breakdowns and their Remedies. 4. Air Brakes. 5. Extracts from Standard Rules. 6. Questions for examination. The 851 questions have been carefully selected and arranged. These cover the examinations required by the different railroads. 368 pages. 88 illustrations. Price $1.50 PREVENTION OF RAILROAD ACCIDENTS, OR SAFETY IN RAILROADING. By GEORGE BRADSHAW. This book is a heart-to-heart talk with Railroad Employees, dealing with facts, not theories, and showing the men in the ranks, from every-day experience, how accidents occur and how they may be avoided. The book is illustrated with seventy original photographs and draw- ings showing the safe and unsafe methods of work. No visionary schemes, no ideal pictures. Just plain facts and Practical Suggestions are given. Every railroad employee who reads the 18 CATALOGUE OF GOOD. PRACTICAL BOOKS book is a better and safer man to have in railroad service. It gives just the information which will be the means of preventing many injuries and deaths. All railroad employees should procure a copy, read it, and do your part in preventing accidents. 169 pages. Pocket Size. Fully illustrated. Price 60 cents TRAIN RULE EXAMINATIONS MADE EASY. By G. E. COLLINGWOOD. This is the only practical work on train-rules in print. Every detail is covered, and puzzling points are explained in simple, comprehensive language, making it a practical treatise for the Train Dispatcher, Engineman, Trainman, and all others who ha' r e to do with the move- ments of trains. Contains complete and reliable information of the Standard Code of Train Rules for single track. Shows Signals in Colors, as used on the different roads. Explains fully the practical application of train orders, giving a clear and definite understanding of all orders which may be used. The meaning and necessity for certain rules are explained in such a manner that the student may know beyond a doubt the rights conferred under any orders he may receive or the action required by certain rules. As nearly all roads require trainmen to pass regular examinations, a complete set of examina- tion questions, with their answers, are included. These will enable the student to pass the required examinations with credit to himself and the road for which he works. 256 pages. Fully illustrated with Train Signals in colors. Price $1.26 TRAIN RULES AND DESPATCHING. By H. A. DALBY. Every railroad man, no matter what department he's in, needs a copy of this book. It givefc the standard rules for both single and double track, shows all the signals, with colors wher- ever necessary, and has a list of towns where time changes, with a map showing the whole country. The rules are explained wherever there is any doubt about their meaning or where they are modified by different railroads. It's the only practical book on train rules in print. Over 220 pages. Leather cover. Price $1.50 THE WALSCHAERT AND OTHER MODERN RADIAL VALVE GEARS FOR LOCOMOTIVES. By WM. W. WOOD. If you would thoroughly understand the Walschaert Valve Gear you should possess a copy of this book, as the author takes the plainest form of a steam engine a stationary engine in the rough, that will only turn its crank in one direction and from it builds up with the reader's help a modern locomotive equipped with the Walschaert Valve Gear, complete. The points discussed are clearly illustrated ; two large folding plates that show the positions of the valves of both inside or outside admission type, as well as the links and other parts of the gear when the crank is at nine different points in its revolution, are especially valuable in making the movement clear. These employ sliding cardboard models which are contained in. a pocket in the cover. The book is divided into five general divisions, as follows: I. Analysis of the gear. II. De- signing and erecting the gear. III. Advantages of the gear. IV. Questions and answers relating to the Walschaert Valve Gear. V. Setting valves with the Walschaert Valve Gear; the three primary types of locomotive valve motion; modern radial valve gears other than the Walschaert; the Hobart All-free valve and valve gear, with questions and answers on breakdowns; the Baker-Pilliod valve gear; the Improved Baker-Pilliod Valve Gear, with questions and answers on breakdowns. The questions with full answers given will be especially valuable to firemen and engineers in preparing for an examination for promotion. 245 pages. Third Revised Edition. Price $1.60 WESTINGHOUSE E T AIR-BRAKE INSTRUCTION POCKET BOOK. By WM. W. WOOD, Air-Brake Instructor. Here is a book for the railroad man, and the man who aims to be one. It is without doubt the only complete work published on the Westinghouse E-T Locomotive Brake Equipment. Written by an Air Brake Instructor who knows just what is needed. It covers the subject thoroughly. Everything about the New Westinghouse Engine and Tender Brake Equip- ment, including the Standard No. 5 and the Perfected No. 6 Style of brake, is treated in de- tail. Written in plain English and profusely illustrated with Colored Plates, which enable one to trace the flow of pressures throughout the entire equipment. The best book ever published on the Air Brake. Equally good for the beginner and the advanced engineer. Will pass any one through any examination. It informs and enlightens you on every point. Indispensable to every engineman and trainman. Contains examination questions and answers on the E-T equipment. Covering what the E-T Brake is. How it should be operated. What to do when defective. Not a question can be asked of the engineman up for promotion on either the No. 5 or the No. 6 E-T equipment that is not asked and answered in the book. If you want to thoroughly understand the E-T equipment get a copy of this book. It covers every detail. Makes Air Brake troubles and examinations easy. Price $1.60 19* CATALOGUE OF GOOD. PRACTICAL BOOKS MACHINE SHOP PRACTICE AMERICAN TOOL MAKING AND INTERCHANGEABLE MANUFACTURING. By J. V. WOODWORTH. A "shoppy" book, containing no theorizing, no problematical or experimental devices, there are no badly proportioned and impossible diagrams, no catalogue cuts, but a valuable collec- tion of drawings and descriptions of devices, the rich fruits of the author's own experience. In its 500-odd pages the one subject only, Tool Making, and whatever relates thereto, is dealt with. The work stands without a rival. It is a complete practical treatise on the art of American Tool Making and system of interchangeable manufacturing as carried on to-day in the United States. In it are described and illustrated all of the different types and classes of small tools, fixtures, devices, and special appliances which are in general use in all machine manufacturing and metal working establishments where economy, capacity, and interchangeability in the production of machined metal parts are imperative. The illustrated and described have been or are used for the actual production of work, such as parts of drill presses, lathes, patented machinery, typewriters, electrical apparatus, mechan- ical appliances, brass goods, composition parts, mould products, sheet metal articles, drop forgings, jewelry, watches, medals, coins, etc. 531 pages. Price $4.00 HENLEY'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL ENGINEERING AND ALLIED TRADES. Edited by JOSEPH G. HORNER, A.M.I., M.E. This set of five volumes contains about 2,500 pages with thousands of illustrations, including diagrammatic and sectional drawings with full explanatory details. This work covers the entire practice of Civil and Mechanical Engineering. The best known expert in all branches of engineering have contributed to these volumes. The Cyclopedia is admirably well adapted to the needs of the beginner and the self-taught practical man, as well as the mechanical en- gineer, designer, draftsman, shop superintendent, foreman, and machinist. The work will be found a means of advancement to any progressive man. It is encyclopedic in scope, thorough and practical in its treatment of technical subjects, simple and clear in its descriptive matter, and without unnecessary technicalities or formulae. The articles are as brief as may be and yet give a reasonably clear and explicit statement of the subject, and are written by men who have had ample practical experience in the matters of which they write. It tells you all you want to know about engineering and tells it so simply, so clearly, so concisely, that one cannot help but understand. As a work of reference it is without a peer. $6.00 per volume. For complete set of five volumes, price $25.00 MACHINE SHOP ARITHMETIC. By COLVIN-CHENEY. This is an arithmetic of the things you have to do with daily. It tells you plainly about: how to find areas of figures; how to find surface or volume of balls or spheres; handy ways for calculating; about compound gearing; cutting screw threads on any lathe; drilling for taps; speeds of drills, taps, emery wheels, grindstones, milling cutters, etc.; all about the Metric system with conversion tables; properties of metals; strength of bolts and nuts; decimal equivalent of an inch. All sorts of machine shop figuring and 1,001 other things, any one of vraich ought to be worth more than the price of this book to you, and it saves you the trouble of bothering the boss. 6th Edition. 131 pages. Price 50 cents MODERN MACHINE SHOP CONSTRUCTION, EQUIPMENT AND MANAGEMENT. By OSCAR E. PERRIGO. The only work published that describes the Modern Machine Shop or Manufacturing Plant from the time the grass is growing on the site intended for it until the finished product is shipped. Just the book needed by those contemplating the erection of modern shop buildings, the re- building and reorganization of old ones, or the introduction of Modern Shop Methods, time and cost systems. It is a book written and illustrated by a practical shop man for practical shop men who are too busy to read theories and want facts. It is the most complete all-around book of its kind ever published. 400 large quarto pages. 225 original and specially -made illustrations. Price $5.00 MECHANICAL APPLIANCES, MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS AND NOVELTIES OF CONSTRUCTION. By GARDNER D. Hiscox. This is a supplementary volume to the one upon mechanical movements. Unlike the Qnt volume, which is more elementary in character, this volume contains illustrations and descrip tions of many combinations of motions and of mechanical devices and appliances found in different lines of machinery. Each device being shown by a line drawing with a description 20 CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS showing its working parts and the method of operation. From the multitude of devices de- scribed, and illustrated, might be mentioned, in passing, such items as conveyors and elevators, Prony brakes, thermometers, various types of boilers, solar engines, oil-fuel burners, condensers, evaporators, Corliss and other valve gears, governors, gas engines, water motors of various descriptions, air ships, motors and dynamos, automobile and motor bicycles, railway block signals, car couplers, link and gear motions, ball bearings, breech block mechanism for heavy guns, and a large accumulation of others of equal importance. 1,000 specially made engrav- ings. 396 octavo pages. Price $3.50 MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS, POWERS, AND DEVICES. By GARDNER D. Hiscox. This is a collection of 1,890 engravings of different mechanical motions and appliances, accom- panied by appropriate text, making it a book of great value to the inventor, the draftsman, and to all readers with mechanical tastes. The book is divided into eighteen sections or chapters in which the subject matter is classified under the following heads: Mechanical Powers; Transmission of Power; Measurement of Power, Steam Power; Air Power Appliances ; Electric Power and Construction, Navigation and Roads; Gearing; Motion and Devices; Controlling Motion; Horological; Mining; Mill and Factory Appliances; Construction and Devices; Drafting Devices: Miscellaneous Devices, etc. 12th edition. 400 octavo pages. Price $2.50 MACHINE SHOP TOOLS AND SHOP PRACTICE. By W. H. VANDERVOORT. A work of 555 pages and 673 illustrations, describing in every detail the construction, operation, and manipulation of both hand and machine tools. Includes chapters on filing, fitting, and scraping surfaces ; on drills, reamers, taps, and dies; the lathe and its tools; planers, shapers, and their tools: milling machines and cutters ; gear cutters and gear cutting; drilling machines and drill work; grinding machines and their work; hardening and tempering; gearing, belting and transmission machinery : useful data and tables. 6th edition. Price . . . , $3.00 THE MODERN MACHINIST. By JOHN T. USHER. This is a book showing, by plain description and by profuse engravings, made expressly for the work, all that is best, most advanced, and of the highest efficiency in modern machine shop practice, tools, and implements, showing the way by which and through which, as Mr. Maxim says, "American machinists have become and are the finest mechanics in the world." Indicating as it does, in every line, the familiarity of the author with every detail of daily experience in the shop, it cannot fail to be of service to any man Dractically connected with the shaping or finishing of metals. There is nothing experimental or visionary about the book, all devices being in actual use and giving good results. It might be called a compendium of shop methods, showing a vari- ety of special tools and appliances which will give new ideas to many mechanics, from the superintendent down to the man at the bench. It will be found a valuable addition to any machinist's library, and should be consulted whenever a new or difficult job is to be done, whether it is boring , milling, turning, or planing, as they are all treated in a practical manner. Fifth Edition. 320 pages. 250 illustrations. Price ... $2.50 MODERN MILLING MACHINES: THEIR DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERA- TION. By JOSEPH G. HORNER. This book describes and illustrates the Milling Machine and its work in such a plain, clear, and forceful manner, and illustrates the subject so clearly and completely, that the up-to-date machinist, student, or mechanical engineer cannot afford to do without the valuable infor- mation which it contains. It describes not only the early machines of this class, but notes their gradual development into the splendid machines of the present day, giving the design and construction of the various types, forms, and special features produced by prominent manufacturers, American and foreign. Milling cutters in all their development and modernized forms are illustrated and described, and the operations they are capable of producing upon different classes of work are carefully described in detail, and the speeds and feeds necessary are discussed, and valuable and useful data given for determining these usually perplexing problems. The book is the most compre- hensive work published on the subject. 304 pages. 300 illustrations. Price . . $4.00 "SHOP KINKS." By ROBERT GRIMSHAW. A book of 400 pages and 222 illustrations, being entirely different froiri any other book on machine shop practice. Departing from conventional style, the author avpids universal or common shop usage and limits his work to showing special ways of doing things better, more cheaply and more rapidly than usual. As a result the advanced methods of representative establishments of the world are placed at the disposal of the reader. This book shows the proprietor where large savings are possible, and now products may be improved. To the employee it holds out suggestipns that, properly applied, will hasten his advancement. No shop can afford to be without it. It bristles with valuable wrinkles and helpful suggestions. It will benefit all, from apprentice to proprietor. Every machinist, at any age. should study its pages. Fifth Ed'^on. Price $2.50 21 CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS THREADS AND THREAD CUTTING. By COLVIN and STABEL. This clears up many of the mysteries of thread-cutting, such as double and triple threads, internal threads, catching threads, use of hobs, etc. Contains a lot of useful hints and several tables. 3rd Edition. Price 36 cents TOOLS FOR MACHINISTS AND WOOD WORKERS, INCLUDING INSTRUMENTS OF MEASUREMENT. By JOSEPH G. HORNER. The principles upon which cutting tools for wood, metal, and other substances are made are identical, whether used by the machinist, the carpenter, or by any other skilled mechanic in their daily work, and the object of this book is to give a correct and practical description of these tools as they are commonly designed, constructed, and used. 340 pages, fully illustrated. Price $3.50 MANUAL TRAINING ECONOMICS OF MANUAL TRAINING. By Louis ROUILLION. The only book published that gives just the information needed by all interested in Manual Training, regarding Buildings, Equipment, and Supplies. Shows exactly what is needed for all grades of the work from the Kindergarten to the High and Normal School. Gives item- ized lists of everything used in Manual Training Work and tells just what it ought to cost. Also shows where to buy supplies, etc. Contains 174 pages, and is fully illustrated. 2nd Edition. Price . . , $1.50 MARINE ENGINEERING MARINE ENGINES AND BOILERS, THEIR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION. By DR. G. BAUER, LESLIE S. ROBERTSON, and S. BRYAN DONKIN. in the words of Dr. Bauer, the present work owes its origin to an oft felt want of a Condensed Treatise, embodying the Theoretical and Practical Rules used in Designing Marine Engines and Boilers. The need for such a work has been felt by most engineers engaged in the con- struction and working of Marine Engines, not only by the younger men, but also by those of greater experience. The fact that the original German work was written by the chief engineer of the famous Vulcan Works, Stettin, is in itself a guarantee that this book is in all respects thoroughly up-to-date, and that it embodies all the information which is necessary for the design and construction of the highest types of marine engines and boilers. It may be said, that the motive power which Dr. Bauer has placed in the fast German liners that have been turned out of late years from the Stettin Works, represent the very best practice in marine engineering of the present day. This work is clearly written, thoroughly systematic, theoretically sound; while the character of its plans, drawings, tables, and statistics is without reproach. The illustrations are care- ful reproductions from actual working drawings, with some well-executed photographic views of completed engines and boilers. 744 pages. 550 illustrations and numerous tables. $9.00 net MODERN SUBMARINE CHART. A cross-section view, showing clearly and distinctly all the interior of a Submarine of the latest type. You get more information from this chart, about the construction and operation of a Submarine, than in any other way. No Details omitted everything is accurate and to scale. It is absolutely correct in every detail, having been approved by Naval Engineers. All the machinery and devices fitted in a modern Submarine Boat are shown and to make the engraving more readily understood all the features are shown in operative form with Officers and Men in the act of performing the duties assigned to them in service conditions. This CHART IS REALLY AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF A SUBMARINE. It is educational and worth many times its cost. Mailed in a Tube for 25 cents MINING ORE DEPOSITS, WITH A CHAPTER ON HINTS TO PROSPECTORS. By J. P. JOHNSON This book gives a condensed account of the ore-deposits at present known in South Africa. It is also intended as a guide to the prospector. Only an elementary knowledge of geology and some mining experience are necessary in order to understand this work. With these qualifications, it will materially assist one in his search for metalliferous mineral occurrences 22 CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS and, so far as simple ores are concerned, should enable one to form some idea of the possi- bilities of any he may find. Among the chapters given are: Titaniferous and Chromiferous Iron Oxides Nickel Cop- per uobalt Tin Molybdenum Tungsten Lead Mercury Antimony Iron Hints to Prospectors. $2.00 PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MINING. By T. H. BYROM. A practical work for the use of all preparing for examinations in mining or qualifying for colliery managers' certificates. The aim of the author in this excellent book is to place clearly before the reader useful and authoritative data which will render him valuable assistance in his studies. The only work of its kind published. The information incorporated in it will prove of the greatest practical utility to students, mining engineers, colliery managers, and all others who are specially interested in the present-day treatment of mining problems. Among its contents are chapters on: The Atmosphere; Laws Relating to the Benavior of Gases; The Diffusion of Gases; Composition of the Atmosphere: Sundry Constituents of the Atmosphere; Water; Carbon; Fire-Damp; Combustion; Coal Dust and Its Action; Ex- plosives; Composition of Various Coals and Fuels; Methods of Analysis of Coal; Strata Ad- joining the Coal Measures; Magnetism and Electricity; Appendix; Useful Tables, etc.; Miscellaneous Questions. 160 pages. Illustrated $2.00 PRACTICAL COAL MINING. By T. H. COCKIN. An important work, containing 428 pages and 213 illustrations, complete with practical de- tails, which will intuitively impart to the reader, not only a general knowledge of the princi- ples of coal mining, but also considerable insight into allied subjects. This treatise is posi- tively up to date in every instance, and should be in the hands of every colliery engineer, geologist, mine operator, superintendent, foreman, and all others who are interested in or connected with the industry. 2nd Edition $2.50 PATTERN MAKING PRACTICAL PATTERN MAKING. By F. W. BARROWS. This is a very complete and entirely practical treatise on the subject of pattern making, illus- trating pattern work in wood and metal. From its pages you are taught just what you should know about pattern making. It contains a detailed description of the materials used by pattern makers, also the tools, both those for hand use, and the more interesting machine tools; having complete chapters on the band saw, The Buzz Saw, and the Lathe. Individual patterns of many different kinds are fully illustrated and described, and the mounting of metal patterns on plates for molding machines is included. Rules. Formulas and Tables are included, containing simple and original methods for finding the weight of castings, both from the pattern itself and from the drawings. This section contains some new and practical formulas, which will be found very useful in estimating weights, with the accuracy required for quotations to prospective customers. All of these rules are simple, and can be put to practical use by the ordinary, every-day man, and they have been proved by years of actual use. Plain rules for keeping down the cost of patterns, with a complete system for checking the cost of and marking the patterns, and a card record showing what the pattern is, material used, where located in safe, with its cost and date of prodiiction, is included. The book closes with an original and practical method for the inventory and valuation of patterns. Con- iaining 326 pages and 150 detailed illustrations. Price $2.00 PERFUMERY HENLEY'S TWENTIETH CENTURY BOOK OF RECEIPTS, FORMULAS AND PRO- CESSES. Edited by G. D. Hiscox. The most valuable Techno-chemical Receipt Book published. Contains over 10,000 practical receipts, many of which will prove of special value to the perfumer, a mine of information, up- to-date in every respect. Price, Cloth, $3. OO; half morocco $4.00 PERFUMES AND THEIR PREPARATION. By G. W. ASKINSON, Perfumer. A comprehensive treatise, in which there has been nothing omitted that could be of value to the Perfumer. Complete directions for making handkerchief perfumes, smelling-salts, sachets, fumigating pastilles: preparations for the care of the skin, the mouth, the hair, cos- metics, hair dyes and other toilet articles are given, also a detailed description of aromatic suostances: their nature, tests of purity, and wholesale manufacture. A book of general, as well as professional interest, meeting the wants not only of the druggist and perfume man- ufacturer, but also of the general public. Third edition. 312 pages. Illustrated. . $3.0O 23 CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS PLUMBING MECHANICAL DRAWING FOR PLUMBERS. By R. M. STARBUCK. A concise, comprehensive and practical treatise on the subject of mechanical drawing in its various modern applications to the work of all who are in any way connected with *he plumbing trade. Nothing will so help the plumber in estimating and in explaining work to customers and workmen as a knowledge of drawing, and to the workman it is of inestimable value if he is to rise above his position to positions of greater responsibility. Among the chapters contained are: 1. Value to plumber of knowledge of drawing; tools required and their use; common views needed in mechanical drawing. 2. Perspective versus mechan- ical drawing in showing plumbing construction. 3. Correct and incorrect methods in plumbing drawing; plan and elevation explained. 3. Floor and cellar plans and elevation; scale drawings; use of triangles. 5. Use of triangles; drawing of fittings, traps, etc. 6. Drawing plumbing elevations and fittings. 7. Instructions in drawing plumbing elevations. 8. The drawing of plumbing fixtures; scale drawings. 9. Drawing of fixtures and fittings. 10. Inking of drawings. 11. Shading of drawings. 12. Shading of drawings. 13. Sec- tional drawings; drawing of threads. 14. Plumbing elevations from architect's plan. 15. Elevations of separate parts of the plumbing system. 16. Elevations from architect's plans. 17. Drawing of detail plumbing connections. 18. Architect's plans and plumbing elevations of residence. 19. Plumbing elevations of residence (continued); plumbing plans for cottage. 20. Plumbing elevations; roof connections. 21. Plans and plumbing eleva- tions for six-flat building. 22. Drawing of various parts of the plumbing system; use of scales. 23. Use of architect's scales. 24. Special features in the illustrations of country plumbing. 25. Drawing of wrought iron piping, valves, radiators, coils, etc. 26. Drawing of piping to illustrate heating systems. 150 illustrations. Price $1.50 MODERN PLUMBING ILLUSTRATED. By R. M. STARBUCK. This book represents the highest standard of plumbing work. It has been adopted and used as a reference book by the United States Government, in its sanitary work in Cuba, Porto Rico, and the Philippines, and by the principal Boards of Health of the United States and Canada. It gives connections, sizes and working data for all fixtures and groups of fixtures. It is helpful to the master plumber in demonstrating to his customers and in figuring work. It gives the mechanic and student quick and easy access to the best modern plumbing practice. Suggestions for estimating plumbing construction are contained in its pages. This book represents, in a word, the latest and best up-to-date practice, and should be in the hands of every architect, sanitary engineer and plumber who wishes to keep himself up to the minute on this important feature of construction. Contains following chapters, each illustrated with a full-page plate: Kitchen sink, laundry tubs, vegetable wash sink; lavatories, pantry sinks, contents of marble slabs; bath tub, foot and sitz bath, shower bath; water closets, venting of water closets; low-down water closets, water closets operated by flush valves, water closet range; slop sink, urinals, the bidet; hotel and restaurant sink, grease trap; refrigerators, safe wastes, laundry waste; lines of refrigerators, bar sinks, soda foun- tain sinks; horse stall, frost-proof water closets; connections for S traps, venting; con- nections for drum traps; soil pipe connections; supporting of soil pipe; main trap and fresh air inlet; floor drains and cellar drains, subsoil drainage; water closets and floor connections; local venting; connections for bath rooms ; connections for bath rooms, con- tinued; connections for bath rooms, continued; connections for bath rooms, continued; examples of poor practice; roughing- work ready for test; testing of plumbing system; method of continuous venting; continuous venting for two-floor work; continuous venting for two lines of fixtures on three or more floors ; continuous venting of water closets ; plumb- ing for cottage house; construction for cellar piping; plumbing for residence, use of special fittings; plumbing for two-flat house; plumbing for apartment building; plumbing for double apartment building; plumbing for office building; plumbing for public toilet rooms; plumbing for public toilet rooms, continued; plumbing for bath establishment; plumbing for engine house, factory plumbing ; automatic flushing for schools, factories, etc.; use of flushing valves; urinals for public toilet rooms; the Durham system, the destruction of pipes by electrolysis; construction of work without use of lead; Automatic sewage lift, automatic sump tank; country plumbing; construction of cesspools; septic tank and auto- matic sewage siphon; country plumbing; water supply for country house; thawing of water mains and service by electricity; double boilers; hot water supply of large build- ings; automatic control of hot water tank; suggestions for estimating plumbing construc- tion. 400 octavo pages, fully illustrated by 55 full-page engravings. Price . $4.00 STANDARD PRACTICAL PLUMBING. By R. M. STARBUCK. A complete practical treatise of 450 pages covering the subject of Modern Plumbing in all its branches, a large amount of space being devoted to a very complete and practical treatment of the subject of Hot Water Supply and Circulation and Range Boiler Work. Its thirty chapters include about every phase of the subject one can think of, making it 24 CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS an indispensable work to the master plumber, the journeyman plumber, and the apprentice plumber, containing chapters on: the plumber's tools; wiping solder, composition and use; joint wiping; lead work; traps; siphonage of traps; venting; continuous venting; house sewer and sewer connections; house drain; soil piping, roughing; main trap and fresh air inlet; floor, yard, cellar drains, rain leaders, etc. ; fixture wastes: water closets ; ventilation; improved plumbing connections; residence plumbing; plumbing for hotels, schools, fac- tories, stables, etc.; modern country plumbing; filtration of sewage and water supply; hot and cold supply; range boilers; circulation; circulating pipes; range boiler problems; hot water for large buildings; water lift and its use; multiple connections for hot water boilers; heating of radiation by supply system; theory for the plumber; drawing for the plumber. Fully illustrated by 347 engravings. Price $3.00 RECEIPT BOOK HENLEY'S TWENTIETH CENTURY BOOK OF RECEIPTS, FORMULAS AND PRO- CESSES. Edited by GARDNER D. Hiscox. The most valuable Techno-chemical Receipt Book published, including over 10,000 selected scientific, chemical, technological, and practical receipts and processes. This is the most complete Book of Receipts ever published, giving thousands of receipts for the manufacturer of valuable articles for everyday use. Hints, Helps, Practical Ideas, and Secret Processes are revealed within its pages. It covers every branch of the useful arts and tells thousands of ways of making money and is just the book everyone should have at his command. Modern in its treatment of every subject that properly falls within its scope, the book may truthfully be said to present the very latest formulas to be found in the arts and industries and to retain those processes which long experience has proven worthy of a permanent record. To present here even a limited number of the subjects which find a place in this valuable work would be difficult. Suffice to say that in its pages will be found matter of intense in- terest and immeasurable practical value to the scientific amateur and to him who wishes to obtain a knowledge of the many processes used in the arts, trades and manufactures, a knowledge which will render his pursuits more instructive and remunerative. Serving as a reference book to the small and large manufacturer and suppplying intelligent seekers with the information necessary to conduct a process, the work will be found of inestimable worth to the Metallurgist, the Photographer, the Perfumer, the Painter, the Manufacturer of Glues, Pastes, Cements, and Mucilages, the Compounder of Alloys, the Cook, the Physician, the Druggist, the Electrician, the Brewer, the Engineer, the Foundryman, the Machinist, the Potter, the Tanner, the Confectioner, the Chiropodist, the Manicure. *.he Manufacturer of Chemical Novelties and Toilet Preparations, the Dyer, the Electroplater. the Enameler, the Engraver, the Provisioner, the Glass 'Vorker, the Goldbeater, the Watchmaker, the Jew- eler, the Hat Maker, the Ink Manufacturer, the Optician, the Farmer, the Dairyman, the Paper Maker, the Wood and Metal Worker, the Chandler and Soap Maker, the Veterinary Surgeon, and the Technologist in general. A mine of information, and up-to-date in every respect. A book which will prove of value to EVERYONE, as it covers every branch of the Useful Arts. 800 pages. Price $3.00 WHAT IS SAID OF THIS BOOK: " Your Twentieth Century Book of Receipts, Formulas and Processes duly received. I am glad to have a copy of it, and if I could not replace it money couldn't buy it. It is the best thing of the sort I ever saw." (Signed) M. E. TKUX, Soarta, Wis. ' There are few persons who would not be able to find in the book some single formula that would repay several times the cost of the book." Merchant's Record and Show Window. RUBBER RUBBER HAND STAMPS AND THE MANIPULATION OF INDIA RUBBER. By T. O'CoNOR SLOANE. This book gives full details on all points, treating in a concise and simple manner the elements of nearly everything it is necessary to understand for a commencement in any branch of the India Rubber Manufacture. The making of all kinds of Rubber Hand Stamps, Small Articles of India Rubber, U. S. Government Composition, Dating Hand Stamps, the Manipulation of Sheet Rubber, Toy Balloons, India Rubber Solutions, Cements, Blackings, Renovating 25 CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS Varnish, and Treatment for India RuDber Shoes, etc.; the Hektograph Stamp Inks, and Miscellaneous Notes, with a Short Account of the Discovery, Collection, and Manufacture of India Rubber are set forth in a manner designed to be readily understood, the explanations being plain and simple. Including a chapter on Rubber Tire Making and Vulcanizing; also chapter on the uses of rubber in Surgery and Dentistry. Third revised ana enlarged edition 175 pages. Illustrated $1.00 SAWS SAW FILINGS AND MANAGEMENT OF SAWS. By ROBERT GRIMSHAW. A practical hand book on filing, gumming, swaging, hammering, and the brazing of band saws, the speed, work, and power to run circular saws, etc. A handy book for those who have charge of saws, or for those mechanics who do their own filing, as it deals with the proper shape and pitches of saw teeth of all kinds and gives many useful hints and rules for gumming, setting, and filing, and is a practical aid to those who use saws for any purpose. New edition, revised and enlarged. Illustrated. Price $1.00 STEAM ENGINEERING AMERICAN STATIONARY ENGINEERING. By W. E. CRANE. This book begins at the boiler room and takes in the whole power plant. A plain talk on every-day work about engines, boilers, and their accessories. It is not intended to be scien- tific or mathematical. All formulas are in simple form so that any one understanding plain arithmetic can readily understand any of them. The author has made this the most prac- tical book in print; has given the results of his years of experience, and has included about all that has to do with an engine room or a power plant. You are not left to guess at a single ooint. You are shown clearly what to expect under the various conditions ; how to secure the best results; ways of preventing "shut downs" and repairs; in short, all that goes to make up the requirements of a good engineer, capable of taking charge of a plant. It's plain enough for practical men and yet of value to those high in the profession. \ partial list of contents is: The boiler room, cleaning boilers, firing, feeding; pumps; jnspection and repair; chimneys, sizes and cost; piping; mason work; foundations; testing cement; -pile driving; engines, slow and high speed; valves; valve setting ; Corliss engines, setting valves, single and double eccentric; air pumps and condensers; different types of condensers; water needed; lining up; pounds; pins not square in crosshead or crank; engineers' tools; pistons and piston rings ; bearing metal ; hardened copper ; drip pipes from cylinder jackets; belts, how made, care of; oils; greases; testing lubricants; rules and tables, including steam tables; areas of segments; squares and square root; cubes and cube root; areas and circumferences of circles. Notes on: Brick work; explosions; pumps; pump valves; heaters, economizers; safety valves ; lap, lead, and clearance. Has a complete examination for a license, etc., etc. Second edition. 285 pages. Illustrated. Price . $2.00 EMINENT ENGINEERS. By DWIGHT GODDARD. Everyone who appreciates the effect of such great inventions as the Steam Engine, Steamboat, Locomotive, Sewing Machine, Steel Working, and other fundamental discoveries, is interested hi knowing a little about the men who made them and their achievements. Mr. Goddard has selected thirty-two of the world's engineers who have contributed most largely to the advancement of our civilization by mechanical means, giving only such facts as are of general interest and in a way which appeals to all, whether mechanics or not. 28C pages. 35 illustrations. Price $1.50 ENGINE RUNNER'S CATECHISM. By ROBERT GRIMSHAW. A practical treatise for the stationary engineer, telling how to erect, adjust and run the prin- cipal steam engines in use in the United States. Describing the principal features of various special and well-known makes of engines: Temper Cut-off, Shipping and Receiving Founda- tions, Erecting and Starting, Valve Setting, Care and Use, Emergencies, Erecting and Ad- justing Special Engines. The questions asked throughout the catechism are plain and to the point, and the answers are given in such simple language as to be readily understood by anyone. All the instructions given are complete and up-to-date; and they are written in a popular style, without any technicalities or mathematical formulae. The work is of a handy size for the pocket, clearly and well printed, nicely bound, and profusely illustrated. To young engineers this catechism 26 CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS will be of great value ; especially to those whu may be preparing to go forward to be examined for certifi ates of competency; and to engineers generally it will be of no little service, as they will find in this volume more really practical and useful information than is to be found any- where else within a like compass. 387 pages. Seventh edition. Price .... $2.00 ENGINE TESTS AND BOILER EFFICIENCIES. By J. BUCHETTI. This work fully describes and illustrates the method of testing the power of steam engines, turbines and explosive motors. The properties of steam and the evaporative power of fuels. Combustion of fuel and chimney draft; with formulas explained or practically computed 255 pages, 179 illustrations $3.00 HORSEPOWER CHART. Shows the horsepower of any stationary engine without calculation. No matter what the cylinder diameter of stroke; the steam pressure or cut off; the revolutions, or whether con- densing or non-condensing, it's all there. Easy to use, accurate, and saves time and calcu- lations. Especially useful to engineers and designers 50 cents MODERN STEAM ENGINEERING IN THEORY AND PRACTICE. By GARDNER D. Hiscox. This is a complete and practical work issued for Stationary Engineers and firemen dealing with the care and management of boilers, engines, pumps, superheated steam, refrigerating machinery, dynamos, motors, elevators, air compressors, and all other branches with which the modern engineer must be familiar. Nearly 200 questions with their answers on steam and electrical engineering, likely to be asked by the Examining Board, are included. Among the chapters are: Historical; steam and its properties; appliances for the genera- tion of steam; types of boilers; chimney and its work; heat economy of the feed water; steam pumps and their work ; incrustation and its work ; steam above atmospheric pressure ; flow of steam from nozzles; superheated steam and its work; adiabatic expansion of steam; indicator and its work; steam engine proportions; slide valve engines and valve motion; Corliss engine and its valve gear; compound engine and its theory; triple and multiple expansion engine, steam turbine; refrigeration; elevators and their management; cost of power; steam engine troubles; electric power and electric plants. 487 pages. 405 en- gravings. Price . . $3.00 STEAM ENGINE CATECHISM. By ROBERT GRIMSHAW. This unique volume of 413 pages is not only a catechism on the question and answer princi- ple; but it contains formulas and worked-oift answers for all the Steam problems that apper- tain to the operation and management of the Steam Engine. Illustrations of various valves and valve gear with their principles of operation are given. Thirty-four Tables that are indispensable to every engineer and fireman that wishes to be progressive and is ambitious to become master of his calling are within its pages. It is a most valuable instructor in the service of Steam Engineering. Leading engineers have recommended it as a valuable educa- tor for the beginner as well as a reference book for the engineer. It is thoroughly indexed for every detail. Every essential question on the Steam Engine with its answer is contained in this valuable work. Sixteenth edition. Price $2.00 STEAM ENGINEER'S ARITHMETIC. By COLVIN-CHENEY. A practical pocket book for the steam engineer. Shows how to work the problems of the engine room and shows "why." Tells how to figure horse-power of engines and boilers; area of boilers ; has tables of areas and circumferences ; steam tables ; has a dictionary of engineering terms. Puts you on to all all of the little kinks in figuring whatever there is to figure around a p9wer plant. Tells you about the heat unit; absolute zero; adiabatic expansion; duty ol engines; factor of safety; and 1,001 other things; and everything is plain and simple not the hardest way to figure, but the easiest. 2nd Edition 50 cents STEAM HEATING AND VENTILATION PRACTICAL STEAM, HOT- WATER HEATING AND VENTILATION. By A. G. KING. This book is the standard and latest work published on the subject and has been prepared for the use of all engaged in the business of steam, hot water heating, and ventilation. It is an original and exhaustive work. Tells how to get heating contracts, how to install heating and Tentilating apparatus, the best business methods to be used, with "Tricks of the Trade" for 27 CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS shop use. Rules and data for estimating radiation and cost and such tables and information as make it an indispensable work for everyone interested in steam, hot water heating, and venti- lation. It describes all the principal systems of steam, hot water, vacuum, vapor, and vacuum- vapor heating, together with the new accelerated systems of hot water circulation, including chapters on up-to-date methods of ventilation and the fan or blower system of heating and ventilation. Containing chapters on: I. Introduction. II. Heat. III. Evolution of artificial heating apparatus. IV. Boiler surface and settings. V. The chimney flue. VI. Pipe and fittings. VII. Valves, various kinds. VIII. Forms of radiating surfaces. IX. Locating of radiating surfaces. X. Estimating radiation. XI. Steam-heating apparatus. XII. Exhaust-steam heating. XIII. Hot-water heating. XIV. Pressure systems of hot- water work. XV. Hot-water appliances. XVI. Greenhouse heating. XVII. Vacuum "apor and vacuum exhaust heating. XVIII. Miscellaneous heating. XIX. Radiator and pipe connections. XX. Ventilation. XXI. Mechanical ventilation and hot-blast heating. XXII. Steam appliances. XXIII. District heating. XXIV. Pipe and boiler covering. XXV. Temperature regulation and heat control. XXVI. Business methods. XXVII. Miscellaneous. XXVIII. Rules, tables and useful information. 367 pages. 300 detailed engravings. Price $3.00 STEAM PIPES STEAM PIPES: THEIR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION. By WM. H. BOOTH. The work is well illustrated in regard to pipe joints, expansion offsets, flexible joints, and self-contained sliding joints for taking up the expansion of long pipes. In fact, the chapters on the flow of steam and expansion of pipes are most valuable to all steam fitters and users. The pressure strength of pipes and method of hanging them are well treated and illustrated. Valves and by-passes are fully illustrated and described, as are also flange joints and their proper proportions, exhaust heads and separators. One of the most valuable chanters is that on superheated steam and the saving of steam by insulation with the various kinds of felt- ing and other materials with C9mparison tables of the loss of heat in thermal units from naked and felted steam pipes. Contains 187 pages. Price $2.00 STEEL AMERICAN STEEL WORKER. By E. R. MAKKHAM. This book tells how to select, and how to work, temper, harden, and anneal steel for everything on earth. It doesn't tell how to temper one class of tools and then leave the treatment of another kind of tool to your imagination and judgment, but it gives careful instructions for every detail of every tool, whether it be a tap, a reamer or just a screw-driver. It tells about the tempering of small watch springs, the hardening of cutlery, and the annealing of dies. In fact there isn't a thing that a steel worker would want to know that isn't included. It is the standard book on selecting, hardening, and tempering all grades of steel. Among the chapter headings might be mentioned the following subjects: Introduction; the workman; steel; methods of heating ; heating tool steel; forging; annealing; hardening baths; baths for hardening; hardening steel; drawing the temper after hardening; examples of hard- ening; pack hardening; case hardening; spring tempering; making tools of machine steel; special steels; steel for various tools; causes of trouble; high speed steels, etc. 366 pages. Very fully illustrated. 3rd Edition. Price $2.50 HARDENING, TEMPERING, ANNEALING, AND FORGING OF STEEL. By J. V. WOODWORTH. A new work treating in a clear, concise manner all modern processes for the heating, annealing forging, welding, hardening, and tempering of steel, making it a book of great practical value to the metal-working mechanic in general, with special directions for the successful hardening and tempering of all steel tools used in the arts, including milling cutters, taps, thread dies, reamers, both solid and shell, hollow mills, punches and dies, and all kinds of sheet metal working tools, shear blades, saws, fine cutlery, and metal cutting tools of all description, as well as for all implements of steel both large and small. In this work the simplest and most satisfactory hardening and tempering processes are given. The uses to which the leading brands of steel may be adapted are concisely presented, and their treatment for working under different conditions explained, also the special methods for the hardening and tempering of special brands. A chapter devoted to the different processes for Case-hardening is also included, and special reference made to the adoption of machinery steel for tools of various kinds. 4th Edition. 288 pages. 201 Illustrations. Price $2.50 28 CATALOGUE OF GOOD, PRACTICAL BOOKS TURBINES MARINE STEAM TURBINES. By DR. G. BAUER and O. LASCHE. Assisted by E. Ludwig and H. Vogel. Translated from the German and edited by M. G. S. Swallow. This work forms a supplementary volume to the book entitled " Marine Engines and Boilers." The authors of this book, Dr. G. Bauer and O. Lasche, may be regarded as the leading authorities on turbine construction. The book is essentially practical and discusses turbines in which the full expansion of steam passes through a number of separate turbines arranged for driving two or more shafts, as in the Parsons system, and turbines in which the complete expansion of steam from inlet to exhaust pressure occurs in a turbine on one shaft, as in the case of the Curtis machines. It will enable a designer to carry out all the ordinary calculations necessary for the con- struction of steam turbines, hence it fills a want which is hardly met by larger and more theoretical works. Numerous tables, curves and diagrams will be found, which explain with remarkable lucidity the reason why turbine blades are designed as they are, the course which steam takes through turbines of various types, the thermodynamics of steam turbine calculation, the influence of vacuum on steam consumption of steam turbines, etc. In a word, the very information which a designer and builder of steam turbines most requires. The book is divided into parts as follows: 1. Introduction. 2. General remarks on the design of a turbine installa- tion. 3. The calculation of steam turbines. 4. Turbine design. 5. Shafting and pro- pellers. 6. Condensing plant. 7. Arrangement of turbines. 8. General remarks on the arrangement of steam turbines in steamers. 9. Turbine-driven auxiliaries. 10. Tables. Large octavo. 214 pages. Fully illustrated and containing 18 tables. Including an entropy chart. Price, net, $3.50 WATCH MAKING WATCHMAKER'S HANDBOOK. By CLAUDIUS SAUNIER. This famous work has now reached its seventh edition and there is no work issued that can compare to it for clearness and completeness. It contains 498 pages and is intended as a workshop companion for those engaged in Watch-making and allied Mechanical Arts. Nearlv 250 engravings and fourteen plates are included. Price ... .... $3.00 THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THJS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO 5O CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $1.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY DEC 1 iLNl 8 1970 LD 21-95m-7,'37 ( 'aylord Bros. Makers Syracuse, N. V. PAL JAN. 21, 1908 GENERAL LIBRARY *U.C, BERKELEY Boocnissoa zu.xs UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY