D 3 2 6 5 5 2 7 — f NAVY (EDUCATION). REPORTS Ui' I HE COMMITTEE APPOINTED TO ENQUIRE INTO THE EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF CADETS MIDSHIPMEN AND JUNIOR OFFICERS, OF HIS MAJESTY'S FLEET; TOGETHER WITH ENCLOSURES. VvtWMtH to VarltAmeitt bt> ittomnmnh of 1^10 itSaiedty. L ' rUJiLISHED ])Y HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFEICJ To be purchased, either directly or througli anv Bookseller, fron WYMAN AND SONS, Ltd., Fkttki; Lvvk. F..C., and .".'' \iifs-(;.i.,>j St/m : :in: [Cd. 6400.] i.'hanges in W- Report. [Cd. 647 l.j j'lVORCE AND MaTKIMOM hid. Is. Id. Royal Index. 3s. 3d. 1910. ih. 6(J. 1911. 8.?. Royal Com- COLONIBS. MiOUR, mission on. Majority auii Mimjiitj Repoi'ts, v.'ith Evidence and Appendices. [Cd. 647S, 6479, 6480. '^481, 6482.] 178. !W. W. rkmen's Compensation Statistics. 1911. [Cd. I ■. ; -] '■ ■ ■ , ahd. ,. i.N Import DIITIE.S. 191,2. [Cd.647S.] is.lOd. Colonial Import Duties. 1912. [Cd.647C.] 3s. 3d. Phout Sharing and Co-vaktnkhship. Unitkd Kingdom, [Cd. 6496.] Linen and other Making-up Trades of the North of Ireland. Report of Committee on Conditions of Employment ; with Evidence and Index. [Cd. 6509.] Is. 9d. Statistical Abstract for the Colonies from 1897 TO 1911. [Cd. 6533.] Is. lOd. East India. Sanitary Measures Progress. Papers i-elating to the Imperial Malaria Conference, Ac. ; Food and Dinigs ; Town Planning ; Vital Statistics, • &c. [Cd. 6538.] 2s. Dominions. Royal Commission. Natural Re- sources. Trade, &c. First Inteiim Report, with Evidence, io. [Cd. 6515, 6516, 6517.] 68. 3|d. Judicial Statistics, England and Wales, 1911. Criminal. [Cd. 6602.] Is. 6d. Civil Service. Royal Commission. Second Report, with Evidence, &c. [Cd. 6534, 6.535.] 5s. IJd. Duration of Buildings for Small Holdings. Re- port of Committee. [Cd. 6536.] 2^d. Industrial Directory, United Kingdom, 1913. [Cd. 6546.] 1«. 2d!. Congo. Correspondence respecting the affairs of. [Od. 6606.] lUd. London Traffic Board. Report, 1912 (with maps). [Cd. 6608.] 68. Canada. Industrial Disputes Invbstiqation Act, 1907. Report. [Cd. 6603.] 3§d. Agricultural Statistics, England and Wales, 1912. Acreage and Live Stock. [Cd. 6597.] 5-id, Deaths of Seamen and Fishbembn during 1911-12. [Cd. 6629.] 9 SONS, Ltd., Fettek Lane, E.G., aiul 32, ABiNr.i>ox Street. S.W.. iind .54, St. Mary Stuf.f.t, Cardiek ; or H.M. STATIONERY OFFICK (Scottimi Buanch), 2H, Foutii Stuekt. Ei>inki-rgu ; or E. PONSONBY, Lti>.. IKS, Gravton Street, Duiu.in : or from the Ai;ciicies in the British Cdlonies iiiul Ui'lii'inii'iu'irs, ihc I'liited Stiites of Americii, the C'oiitiiiciit of Europe aiiil Alirn:i(i of T. FISHER UNWIN, Lr)ND()x, W.C. [Cd. C703.] i»rinted r.Y EYRE AM) SI'Ol TiSWOODE. Ltd., K\>r II audinc Street, E.G., PRI\TF.KS TO Tlir KlM^'s At'KT EXCF.I.I.f.N'T MA.IESTV. i!)i;5. Price 1-s mI. 11 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND TRAINING OP NAVAL OFFICERS. NOTE. The decision of tlie Board of Admiralty on the recommendations of the Committee will be embodied in a Circular Letter to the Fleet which will be issued in due course. c^l^ A3 V' TERMS OF REFERENCE. In order to give full effect to the policy of Naval Training instituted in 1902, and, while adhering closely to the principle underlying that policy, to consider and report on : — A. The training and education of naval officers of the military branch from the time of leaving Dartmouth College, including : — (1) The regulations and procedure to be applied to the period lietween the date of a cadet leaving Dartmouth College and the date of his examination for the rank of lieutenant, with special reference to — (a) Whether cadets should go to a training cruiser before joining the fleet. (/)) Age at which the midshipmen should become sublieutenants, and length of service as midshipmen, (c) Naval instructors. (2) The conduct of, and syllabus for, the examination for the rank of lieutenant with special reference to — • (a) Voluntary subjects. (/)) The awards to be made under the examination. (3) The regulations to govern subsequent training and specialisation, with special reference to engine-room duty. B. The education, including courses of instruction, and system of examination, at present given at Osborne and Dartmouth Colleges, with special reference to — (a) Age of entry at Osborne College ; (fe) Length of time spent at Osborne and Dartmouth ; (c) Should Osborne be rebuilt, or a new site selected in view of probable increase in numbers required.* C. The arrangements required to provide the engineering staff for special employment, e.g., at the xVdmiralty, in H.M. Dockyards, &c. * Tliis question is beiug dealt witli in a sn])pleinon(arv report still tnider eoiisideration and is not included in this publication. n (6)12600 1500 3/13 . a 2 825477 IV Summary of Main Recommendations in Reply to the Terms of Reference. Taking each item of the Terms of Reference the recommendations of the Com- mittee provide : — A. (1) Reguhitions for training at sea, prepared on the principle that officers should learn their work by taking part in the dailj'' work of the ship (page 12(5) : — (a) That cadets shall continue to go to a cruiser before joining the fleet, Init in January 1915 the time allotted will be reduced from eight mouths to four, (paragraph 16, Third Report, page 24). Revised regulations for the training in the cruiser which have been already submitted, approved and acted on (Second Report and enclosure lo to Third Report, page 101). (5) That the age on becoming acting sublieutenant shall remain as at present viz., 19j^ — 20, until September 1917 when it shall be reduced to 19/.,- — 19t«^. The age on promotion to sublieutenant will varj' between 20 1*2 — 21 imtil Novemljer 1913 when it will become 20i%— 20|^ ; in March 1918 it will be further reduced to 19[;]— 20-/J. The length of service as midshipman will continue to he 2^*2^ years and that as acting sublieutenant will vary between y.y and 1 year until November 1913 when it will l)econie ,-% to ]'i year (paragraph 36, Third Report, page 30). (c) That naval instructors shall be removed from all seagoing ships, except the training cruisers, in May 1913 (paragraph 2i, Third Report, page 26). (2) Revised Regulations to g(jvern the examinations for the rank of lieutenant, revised syllabuses and revised certificates all so framed as to ensure that officers shall have a reasonable knowledge of their duties before being advanced. That all these examinations shall be held at sea (page 145). {a) That voluntary subjects shall no longer be included in tliese examinations. This was submitted in the First Report and has been already approved and acted on (page 155). (6) That the awards of time giving accelerated promotion shall be reduced, by the abolition of voluntar}'' subjects, from a maximum of 15 to 11 months (First Report, page 1, alreadj- approved). (3) Revised Regulations to govern sulisequent training and specialisation (page 164) : — That before promotion to the rank of lieutenant all sublieutenants shall serve 12 months at sea in that rank, including six consecutive months in the engine-room department, and obtain an engine-room watch-keeping certificate (paragraph 33, Third Report, page 29). • That additional facilities shall be given for the study of the military side of the naval i^rofession by enlarging the scope of, and the numbers attending, the war course referred to in circular letter No. 10 of 1912, and transferring the War College to Greenwich (paragraph 48, Third Report, page 33). B. Revised Regulations for the entry of Naval Cadets and for their training at the Colleges (page 46) : — That the education, including the courses of instruction and system of examination, at present given at the Osborne and Dartmouth Colleges is satisfactory, but that more time and attention shall be given to navigation and pilotage, in order to provide for the reduction of time ni tlie training cruiser (paragraphs 14 and 15, Third Report, pages 23 and 24). That to increase the number of (Candidates a system of Bursaries or reduced fees shall he established (paragraph lOJ, Third Report, pai;e 22). (a) that the age of entry at Osborne College shall remain unaltered, viz. I)etweeu 12i\ and 13 years (paragraph lOe, Third Report, page 22). {b) that length of time spent a1 Osborne and 1 Dartmouth shall remain unaltered, viz., four years in all (paragraph M, Third Report, page 2.')). Note. — The question of rebuilding Osborne College will be dealt with in the Committee's Fourtli Report. C. That the officers for the engineering stall for special employment, e.g., at the Admiralt}', in H.M. Dockyards, &c., shall be selected from volunteers among those who qualify" as lieutenants (E.), shall go through a special atlvaneed course lasting two years at Greenwich College, shall dev(jte their whole career to engineering, shall be placed on a separate list and shall not be eligible for military connnand (paragraph 16, Third Report, page 32). That special arrangements shall be made for their promotion (paragraph 40, Third Keport, i^age 33). Summary of further Minor Recommendations. The reconnnendations of the Connnittee also provide : — (1) That a Medical Board of Appeal shall l;)e instituted to meet cases in Avhich a parent or guardian of a candidate for a cadetship is not satisfied with the residt of the official medical examination, (page 4fj, paragraj^h 5). (2) A revised Form E. 190, (page 120). ' (3) That the annual examination of midshipmen shall be aljolished, (paragraph 23 of Third Report, page 26). (4) That the examinations in gunnery, torpedo and engineering for the rank of lieutenant shall be held six months after those in seamanship and navigation, instead of eight months after, as at present, and thus the time of promotion to lieutenant will be accelerated by two months, (paragraph 32, Third Report, page 29). (5) That a sublieutenant, after he has obtained an engine-room watchkeepiug certificate, shall receive additional pay at the rate of 2s. 6d. a day if called upon to do duty in the engine-room department, (paragraph 34, Third Report, page 29). (6) That all officers qualifying as lieutenants (G.) or (T.) shall undergo a six months' course at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, followed by an eight months' course in the " Excellent " or " Vernon " (paragraph 41, Third Report, page 31). (7) That an additional higher course of training of six months' duration shall be instituted at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, for a limited number of lieutenants (G.) and (T.), (paragraph 42, Third Report, page 32). (8) That the additional pay of a lieutenant (0.) or (T.) shall be as follows : — for those who obtain a first class certificate at the end of the courses, 4s. a day ; for those who obtain a second class certificate at the end of the courses, 36'. a day, (page 167). (9) That all officers qualifying as lieutenants (E.) shall undergo a six months' course at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, followed by a practical course of approximately 1 year's duration at Keyham College, (paragraph 44, Third Report, page 32). (10) That the additional pay of a lieutenant (E.) shall be as follows : — for those who obtain a first class certificate at the end of the courses, O.S. a day ; for those who obtain a second class certificate at the end of the courses, 46-. a day, (page 167). II 12600 VI Dates for Proposals to take effect. The Committee propose that : — 1. The Reotilatious for entry and training (enclosnre 4, Third Report, page 16) shall come into force after the lii'st entry of cadets in the year 11)13, i.e., after 15th Jannary 1913. ' 2. The Regulations for the training of junior olhcers (enclosure IS, Thiixl Report, page 126) shall come into force after 15th January 1913. 3. The Regulations to govern the examinations for the rank of lieutenant (enclosnre 25, Third Report, page 145) shall come into force for those officers who present themselves for examination in seamanship after -lanuary 1913. 4. The revised Form 11 190 i^enclosure L7, Third Report, page 120) shall be issued forthwith for use in respect to all officers who entered the navy after January 1906. 5. The tirst officers from whom the engine-room watchkeeping certificate (enclosure 30, Third Report, page 150) will be required shall he those whose seniority as sublieutenant is dated after 31st March 1914. ("'. The reduction in the cruiser time shall (.;ommence in May 1915 (para. 16, Third Report, page 24). 7. Naval instructors shall be removed from all sea-going ships, except tlie trainhig cruisers, in May 1913 (para. 24, Third Report, page 2G). Programme of Changes proposed. E.Namiiiatioii, En ry. ■Sinu 1 'ruisrr. -Join Fleet. Scaiiiiuishiii ami Xavigatiiiu. (luuncry. Tnrpedo anil En.iiinecrinL'. Seauiaiisliip niiil iii\vii;;iliiiii ;ulvaii<_-eil liMir mouths :iiiil held ill sell. Jan. Mav 190.') 190.'i dan. .May 1909 1 909 Sepr Jan. 1909 1910 Scjit Suptcni 1912 .cr 1912 Jan. 1913 Seimiaii, Two days a week - - - Steam - - ) Applied Mechanics - _ _ _ _ Seamanship - Two days a week Torpedo - - Once a week for two weeks out of three - - - . Applied Electricity Twice every third week - Gtinnery - - Once a week - - - Applied Mechanics In school gi'oui? - . _ Drill, &c. - - Four days a week H ours. 147 28 32 40 247 2()G 41 247 136 13 28 28 . 40 245 Ti )tal Hours. 175 247 136 41 28 32 80 739 The times in the " Cornwall " appear to differ to some extent from those in the " Cumberland." 9. The subjects of study in the cruiser were originally set forth in syUabuses, which formed an Appendix to the Report of the Director of Naval Education for the year 1908. Amended ones were introduced in March 1912,*' the principal changes being : — A reduction in Optional Mathematics : Large reductions in Applied Mechanics and in Heat and Steam, certain parts of each of these being reserved for advancetl cadets : A small reduction in Navigation and Nautical Astronomy : An entirely new syllabus for Ap])lied Electricitj'. The remaining subjects remained practically unaltered. 10. The division of time, the syllabiises, and the system of instruction, — -which last has been largely based on a system of lectures and much influenced by the tinal examinations, — all show that the tendency has been to use the cruisers in some degree • Enclosure No. 3 (page 10). A 3 C COMili'ITEE UN' KOtJCATION : too much as tioatiiig bcliools to coutinue the work of the colleges, and too little as training ships to teach the work to be done in seagoing ships. 11. The weekly cycle may lend itself to meet the requirements of the linal examination as liith(!rto carried out, but does not seem to be suited for teaching practical work. For example, it is considered that no real practical knowledge of the Whitehead Torpedo can be acquired in an hour-and-a-half once a week spread over twenty-four weeks, whereas the same instruction given in eight weeks would give a useful insight. 12. The time given (para. 8) to the military subjects Gunnery and Torpedo, as^vell as to the important subject Electrical Work, place the three in a secondary position, duly 60 hours are given to them, whei'eas 73 hours are devoted to Applied Mechanics, autliiiurh longer times are given to Navigation and Pilotage, to Engineering and to Seauianship respectively. Now, (iunnery, Toi-pedo, and Electrical Work include a consideralile part of the work on board a ship-oi- war, to participate in which the cadets should be prepared in the cruiser. It would seem that they are given insufficient opportunity to acquire the knowlege of these subjects, and that they join tbe fleet less well grounded in them than they should be. 13. The Committee recommend that a twelve-weekly cycle of instruction shall be adopted, and that the subjects be grouped thus :— _^ " ( Seamanship ; A. Group - - - - I Torpedo and Electrical Work : B. Group -„ -„ -^ - Engineering : r Navigation ; C. Group - - - - ] Pilotage ; (_ Gunnery. Each section of cadets will take each group of subjects for four weeks and tlicn change rounds, so that the cj-cle will be completed in twelve weeks. In the A. group three-sixtbs of the time will be given to Seamanship, two-sixths to Torpedo and Electrical Work, and one-sixth to Physical Drill, &c. In the C. group six-twelfths will be given to Navigation, two-tw^elfths to Pilotage, three-twelfths to Gunnery, and one-twelfth to Physical Drill, &c. The routine of instruction is set forth in detail in Enclosure 4.'-'' 14. The resulting division of time will be : — Hours. Seamanship -- - - - - - - 121 Torpedo and Electrical Work - - - - - 81 Engineering -------- 242 Navigation - 121 \ ig-i Pilotage - 40) Gunnen' --------60 Physical Drill, .^c. ------ - 60 725 The times allotted to Torpedo and Electrical Work, to Gunnery, and to Pilotage, have been increased, while those given to Seamanship, to Applied Mechanics, to Optional Mathematics (included under Navigation) and to Physical Drill have been decreased. 15. The syllabuses as amended in March 1912 still cover more ground than can be thoroughly covered in six months and do not concentrate enough attention on the knowledge essential to midshipmen on joining a seagoing ship. Take for example Optional Mathematics, which is taught in the hours allotted to Navigation. It is considered better to concentrate the wdiole attention on the latter and to ar)olish the former. Again, in Torpedo and Applied Electricity the syllabus has been so interpreted that the instruction has taken the form of lectures rather than of handling the Whitehead Torpedoes and electrical gear actually to be found on board a ship. It is the same in Gunnery. When a cadet joins a seagoing ship it is the use of the gim and the management of its crew^ that are of importance to him. Its construction, * Page 15. REPORT. the properties of cordite, &c., are matters for a later stage in his career. Similarly with Engineering, his main object should be to get into practical touch with the machinery, and with the work of the engineering department. 16. The course of instruction and the syllabuses which the Committee recomn\end for adoption are to be found in Enclosure No. 4.'-' Both have bcpii drawn up with s view to preparing the cadets to perform some of their duties as ollicers on joining a seagoing ship, (-)nly the most essential things have been retained, but these include such a wide range of subjects new to the cadets that in the opinion of the Committee no more can be properly absorbed and digested in such a limitcnl time. 17. The examination on leaving the cruiser has hitherto included the following papers set by outside examiners under the direction of the Director of Xaval Education : — No. of Papers. Subject. 2 2 1 9 1 1 9 Navigation, Seamanship, Applied Electricity, Engineering, Applied Mechanics, Mathematics (Optional) and the following papers set by Ship's Officers : — No. of Papers. 1 1 1 Subject. - Pilotage, - Seamanshij), - Gimnery, - Torpedo, - Shipbuilding (in " Cumberland " only). About one-half of that in Seamanship and a small portion of that in Engineering have been conducted orally, but as a whole the examination may be said to have consisted in givmg written answers to printed questions. It is to be noted that papers were set in Pilotage, Seamanship, Gunnery, Torpedo and Shipbuilding even ■when conducted by the ship's officers, and even although a viva voce examination in such subjects is admitted to be more searching and effective. An explanation is to be found in the fact that it is practically impossible for the ship's officers to examine 60 cadets orally in the time at their disposal. Changes were introduced in March 1912, but substantially the system remains unaltered. 18. The allotment of marks in the examination was amended in March 1912. original and amended figures are as follows : — The Original. Ameiifled. Difference. Navigation and Pilotage - . . Engineering inciu training c-niisers embodied in Enclosure Ko. 4* shall come into force when the next batch of cadets join the " Corn wall " in September 1912 : (b) That after the cadets now on hoard the " ("unil)erlaud " have completed their course, that is after Dcceml)er I'Jll', the award of time on leaving the training cruiser shall cease : (c) That a biennial inspection of the training and instruc'tion carried out on board each ship shall l)e held by a specially selected flag ofhcer, the lirst one being held not less than eighteen months after these proposed regulations have been j3ut into force. 26. The Committee submit that the alterations which will be required in Articles 270 and 308 of the King's liegulatious in consequence of the abolition of' the award of time on leaving the cruiser, shall be deferred until they can make a submission dealing with the whole cpiestion of the college courses and sea Iraiiiing. 27. If these proposals are approved — [a) The "Cumberland" will require an assistant uavigaror as well as tiie "Cornwall:" (Z>) Both ships will require a warrant olhcer to assist the lieutenant (T.) in the instruction : ((■) The following additional gear will be required by each ship for instructional purposes : — 1 torpedo director, 1 old whitehead torpedo, 2 old motors, 1 startej', 1 controller, 1 old automatic searchlight lamp. 28. The effect of these proposals will be — (a) The six months in the cruiser wdll become part of the sea training instead of forming part of the college school course : (b) The training in the cruiser will become more practical and will be a better preparation for the seagoing fleet : (c) The majority of ofKcers will reach the rank of lieutenant fron; two months to a fortnight earlier than they would under the i^resent regulaticjns, since no officer's advancement will be delayed by failing to take a first or second class certificate on leaving the cruiser, as is the case at ])resent. We have the honour to l)e, Sir, Your obedient Servants, REniNALI) CUSTANCE, Admiral (Chairman) ; \\. E. Wemyss, ^ R ear-Admiral ; j Victor A. Stanley, j Captain, R.N. ; j R. B. Dixon, ;• Members. Engineer Commander ; | W. C. Fletchki;, ; Chief Inspector of j Secondary Schools ; ) Victor II. T. Weekes, Secretary. The Secretaiy of the Admii-alty. • Piicfe 1,-). 10 COMMITTKE ON KDLCATIuN : Enclosure Nu. 3 in Sfcoiid Report of Eduratidit Cumniitlce, dated \W^ June ]9I2. (Extract from 1912 Syllabus.) TEAININC; OF NAVAF. t^ADETS. The following Syllabuses show the subjects of instruction of Naval Cadets under the New Scheme of Training' from entry until they pass out of the Training Cruisers as Midshipmen. They include — I. Subjects of Study at the Koyal Naval College, Osborne. II. Subjects of Study at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. III. Subjects of Study in the Training Cruisers. The training of Naval Cadets begins at Osborne, where they spend two years each comprising three terms. They next proceed to Dartmouth for two years, and thence to a Training Cruiser for two terms. Then "they go to sea as Midshipmen, and after three years' service in that rank they are examined for the Rank of Lieutenant. The limits of age at entry are 12* and 1:1 Cadets therefore become Midshipmen normally at age 17^-1 7|. III.— THE TRAINIMt CRUISERS. Mathematics. — (Optional.) Trigonomrfry. --The addition formuhv. Value of sin 2A, cos 2^, tan 2A, sin SA, cos oA. The product formula;. Plotting of functions : graphical solutions of equations. Inverse trigonometrical functions. Proof of the fundamental formula of Spherical Trigonometry and its derivatives. Three planes meeting at a point ; relations between angles between the three planes, and their lines of intersection. Napier's rules of circular parts. CalmduK.- Differentiation of ./■", sin nx, cos ?(,r, tan )(,/■, f"'', log .c. Differentiation of a sum, a product, a cpiotient, a ftuiction of a function. Successive differentiation. Calculation of small corrections. Especially (in Navigation) error in calc. zenith distance due to small error in hour angle or declination, and error in hour angle due to small error in declination. Maxima and minima Integration of .c", sin mv, cos ns, .sec-n,r, - sin~.c, cos-.x, — ._ — =-^-- ■'■ x- + a- Va^ — ,T= «.■"+" Detinit(^ integrals. Areas of curves, and volumes of solids of revolution. (e.r + d) {ex + /) ' Guldinus' Theorem. Centre of gravity, moment of inertia, centre of pressure by integration, in simple cases. Proof of Simpson's rule. Integral giving mer. parts for given latitude. Navigation and Nautical Astronomy. Position line of latitude by meridian altitude of sun, star, or planet. Latitude by Polestar. Meaning of position line generally. Position line by altitude of sun, star, moon, or planet. Use of a single position line in conjunction with dead-reckoning. Fix by one position line and bearing of distant object. Fix by two position lines taking account f)f distaiice run between the sights. (Cadets to make their own plotting I'hart.j Deviation by alt. -azimuth (sun or star). Deviation liy time-azimuth (sun or star). Use of azinuith tables. Error and rate of chronometer (by sun or star). Easy time problems. Proofs of (i) S. Sid. Time = S.M.T. + R.A.M.S. (ii) Star's H.A. --= S.M.T. + R.A.M.S. — R.A. Star. Time of meridian passage of stars. Easy scouting problems. Easy problems on sunrise, sunset and twilight. Easy current sailing. Great circle and composite sailing. Moon sights (but ')iot proofs of Moon corrections). Compass deviation : its component parts — their causes and correction. ENCLOSURES. H Practical Navigation. Corructioii of courses and bearings. Laying these off on cliart. Fi.ving ship's position by cross bearings; by two bearings of a shore object and the run in the interval ; four point bearings. l"'i.>c by bearing of an object and vertical angle. Sun, star, planet, and moon sights worked by the " New Navigation " method. Jjatitude by sun or star meridian altitude. Latitude by Pole-slar. Fi.K by two observations of heavenly bodies, allowing for run ; b}- one observation of a heavenl\- body and the bearing of a sin ire object. Tnie bearing and distani-e of a place by Afercator's Sailing. (The above t(j be done on a chart, and all positions to be obtained by plotting on the chart.) .Xl'I'l.lKI) .VI KC HANK'S (Tlir ill HIS III sijiiiirr lirn.cki'ts iirr far thr iiuu'i alilf ('iiilits mill/.) Kevisi(_)n of elementary ideas, especially in statics. Resolution of fc^rces. Aloments. Conditions of equilibrium. Friction between solid bi.idies. [Friction of a rope on bolhii-d oi- belt on pulley. J Use of a rope brake or other absorption dynamometer in measuring power. Idea of mechanical advantage in a nrachine. V^elocity ratio. Mechaincal efficiency. Apply the principle of work to such examples as a lever, pulleys, Weston's purchase, screw, worm and tangent wheel. [Use of instantaneous axis in finding velocity ratio. (Jrank-eff(jrt for a given piston pressure. Crank-elf ort diagram tin a straight line base (omitting effects of inertia). Combination of cranks to give a more uniform effort.] Flementary strength of materials. How to find graphically tlie pull and thrust, in members of a loaded frame. Simple examples of reciprocal Hgures For roofsami i-ranes. ( t )niit use of funicular polygon. ) Kffects of tension or simple comjjression. Elastic aud non-elastic strain. Elastic limit. Hooke's Law. '^'oung's Modulus of Elasticity i?.'- Ultimate strength and extension in a tensile test. Relation of safe stress allowed in practice to ultimate strengtii. Safe stress in iron and steel. iOft'ect of repeated loads. Stress in boiler shell due to internal pressure. Circund'erential and longitudinal tension. Meaning of shearing stress. [Compare strength of rivets to resist shear with tensile strength of jilate in a riveted joint.] [Nature of strain due to shearing stress. Example in the torsion of a shaft.] Angle of elastic twist in a given length of a shaft proportional to twisting moment. Application in torsion dynamo- meters to measure power transmitted by a shaft. Practical forms of torsion dj'iiamometer used in the Service. [Bending of abeam. Meaning of bending moment and shearing force at any section. Nature of the stresses due to bending moment. Forms of section giving strength to resist bending. Diagrams of bending moment in simple oases of a loaded beam or bracket. Stress due to load in a hook and in a davit.] Applied Electruitv. Cells and batteries in use in the Service. Simple testing of circuits and batteries. Dynamos. — Voltages in use in the Service — advantage of using higher voltage. Series, shunt, aud compound dynamos. Necessity for and advantages Iif parallel runniug. Compound dynamos in parallel. Use of equaliser, shunt i-egidalor, and sliiint pi'otector. Safety arrangements required in a parallel switcliboard. Internal Ligliting and Poirer Circuifs. — "Tree" and "Ring" systems. Sketch of typical lighting circuit. Methods of locating earths. Ring main system — general principle and advantages — brief description with sketch. Fittings used in lighting circuits. Use of Police light. Locating an earth on lighting circuit. Motors. — General explanation of torque, back E.M.F., &c., and relations between them. Scries and shunt motors — their liehaviour under varj'ing loads ; starting torque; methods of regulating speed, and Service use of both types. Motor starters and controllers. Magiu^tic brakes. Electrical and over-all efficiency, Ward-Leonard system of cfmtrol. Arc Liyht.i. — The electric arc. Use of artilicial resistance. Principle of autonuitic working. Sketcli of searcidight, automatic lamp, and Crompton coaling arc lamp. Use of arc: deflector and method of adjusting voltage of feeding. Practical instruction in burning searchlight and coaling arc lamp. Projectors and mirrors. Searchlight circuits : advantages of 60-volt arc and of decreasing the focal lengtii of mirrors. Working searchlights at night. 20-Volt Sioitchhoard — Sketch and Defcrljyfinn of. — in the Xnrth Atlantic. Laws of storms and elementary weatlier forecasting. 14 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION : IV.— PASSINft-OUT EXAMINATION' oF NAVAL CADKTS. Pakt I.— Taken on leavin(; the I!(iyai, Navai, College, Dartmoitii. Subjects. Mathematics I. --------- Mathematics II. --------- Eloctricity ---------- Chemistry and Optics -- Mechanics ---------- Navigation and Charts (including .50 marks for Oral) . - - - French or German (including 150 marks for Oral ) . . - . Fjuglish Composition ...--..- History ...------- Knglish Literature --------- FjHgineering I. --------- I'liigineering II. - - - - - - - -- .Mechanical Drawing and VVnikslmp ._---. Seamanship ..._--.-- Term Marks ..-.----- 4,000 Paut II. — Taken on completing the Course in the Training Cruisers. Subjects. Marks. (Group A. — Navigation and Science.) .Mathematics (Optional) -------- 1.50 Navigation 1. -------- - 300 Navigation II. -------- - 300 Charts, &c. .-.--.--- 2.50 Applied Mechanics ---------- 200 Applied Electricity --------- 200 Heat and Steam --------- 200 Term Work 150 1,750 (Grov/p B. — Seamanship and Engineering.) Engineering ...__---- 800 I'jiigineering (Oral and Practical, including 11)0 marks for Tei'Ui A\ nrk ) - - 3.50 Gunnery - - - - - -.-- - - 200 Torpedo ---------- 100 Seamanship ---------- 800 1,750 First, Second, and Third Classes, are awarded in Part I. and in each group of Part II. The Class obtained in passing out counts afterwards toward.s promotion to the rank of Sub- Lieutenant, promotion being accelerated according to the following scale : — For a First Class in Part I. - - - - - - -2 months. For a Second Class in Part I. -- - - - -1 month. For a First Class in either group of Part II. - - , - - 1 month. For a Second Class in either group of Part II. - - - - \ month. I'he greatest amount of time that can be gained on pa.ssing out is accordingly foui' months. The order of merit on passing out is determined by the aggregate results of both [larts. feiiCLOSURES. 15 Hiifldsiirf N(i. i ill Sf'coilil lu'iinrl nj' l'](liii-rili the cadets to acquire knowledge themselves, and to give them self-confidence, it is desirable that, if possible, each cadet, during the latter part of the cruise, should give a short lecture on any sul)ject matter included in the cruiser training. The subject should be settled about the middle of tlie cruise, and should be preferably one in which the cadet will show to the best advantage. o. The test examinations to be held on completing each period of instruction are intended not only to test the knowledge acquired, but also to excite a spirit of emulation. The restilts should, therefore, be made known to the cadets without delay, and should show them in order of merit. 6. At the end of the cruise the Captain, taking to his assistance the officers of the ship, will asse.ss the knowledge and ability of each cadet in the several subjects, basing the award on his own and the officers' personal knowledge of him and on the results of the test examination. The awards will be Very Good, Good, or Fair, and will be recorded on a certificate which will be signed by the ( 'aptain. Sub-enclosures 2 and 3 (page 16). IQ COMMITTEE OK EDUCATION.' Suh-Encloaure No 2 to Enclosii/re No. i in Second Report of Education Committee, duttd ]UhJime 1912. ROUTINE OF INSTRUCTION IN THK TRAINING CRUISERS. Tlie cadets will be divided into tlirec .sections, wiiicli will irive .ihont '20 in each, and will work in twelve-weekly cycles, tluis ; / Seamanship ; •^•'"'""1' ■ " 1 Torpedo and Klectiical Work: 15. (iroup - - Engineering : r Navigation ; r. (troiip - -< Pilotage; (rnnnevv. Ivieli sect inn will deMite I wii |)eriiids eacli ut' four Weeks to eacli gnmp of snhjects. 2. The section taking the A. group of subjects will be divided into four sub-divisions of five each. Two of these will take Seamanship, while the other two take Torpedo and Electrical Work. ^ of the time will be given to Seamanship; i „ „ ,, Torpedo and Electrical Work ; i- „ „ „ Physical Drill, &c. Cadets belonging to the Seamanship sul)-divisions will do at all times as much of the work of the ship as possible, e.g., keep certain day watches, hoist all boats, run duty boats, and generally perform any officers' work that has to be done. At sea the section taking the A. group will take meridian sights. 3. The section taking the B. group — Engineering — will be divided into three sub-divisions. These sub-divisions will be arranged as most convenient for instruction, but the time devoted Ijy each cadet to the following jiractical subjects should not be less than : — Steamboats - - - - - - - 10 runs ; Refitting work in engine-room and stokeholds- - - 48 hours; Watch-keeping - - - - - - - .54 honrs. The arrangement of engine-room watches which will enable this to be done is — 6.30 to 7.30 a.m. 8.30 to 10.0 a.m. 10.0 to 11.4.) a.m. Noon to 2.0 p.m. 2.0 to 4.0 p.m. 4.0 to 6.0 p.m. Under the supervision of the engineei' officers iiractical examples on tlie heat and steam syllabus of the training colleges and on the subject matter in the cruisers' engineering .syllabus should be worked out, and also practical examples in Applied Mechanics based on problems in connection with the ship's structure, machinery, or fittings. 4. The section taking the C. group will be divided into three sub-divisions of six or seven each. -^ of the time will be devoted to Navigation under the naval instructor ; ■^Y „ „ „ Pilotage under the navigating officer ; Tir „ „ ,> Gunnery; •jV ,, ,, ,, Physical Drill, &c. At sea this section will take sights and work the reckoning. ■5. The time reckoned daily as instructional hours has been taken to include : — \j hours before breakfast, 2^*^ hours in the forenoon, 2 hours in the afternoon, Y^ hours in the evening. 5|^ hours in all, and provides for two half holidaj'^s a week. Suh-Ench.'iure No. 3 to Enclo.nire No. 4 in SeconA Report of Education Committee, dated \4ith June 1912. SYLLABUSES OF INSTRUCTION IN THE TRAINING CRUISERS. A. Seamanship. Rule of the Road. — Knowledge of all Board of Trade Regulations for avoiding collision at sea, including lights carried by all ve.ssels. Signah. — Semaphore — Morse — Flags and theii' meanings. Signal Manual, pages 1 to 4, 39 to 41, 65 to 67, all inclusive. EKCLOStJREf^. 'T Anchor iVork. — Mames and use? of all gear in connection witli anclioi- worlc !n the service. Terms and iletinitions used in anchor work. Weigliing and letting go single anchor. Laying ().\r()rii and ('ainbridge Schools Examination Board, which conducts the examinations, stated in evidence that tlie qualifying examination had been ma(U^ sliorter and simpler, but not more stringent. On a careful review of the whole question the Committee are inclined to believe that the "weeding" process has been somewhat too uiuch relaxed. A little more stringency would have a l)eueticial effect, and would tf'ud to raise the prestige of tiic ctjUeges, to elevate the standard of tlie liackward cadets, and to reduce the munbcr of ine'Hcient officers in the Navy. 8. The evidence given liefore the Conunittec has Ix-cn much in lavnui' of tlie' system of entry embodied in the interview committee and tlic qualifying examin- ation. It is true that some hoys of somewhat low ability are entered. This is believed to be due, not to any failure in the system of selection, but to an in- sufficient nundjer of suitable candidates. Mr. W. \V. VuTigliau, the head master of Wellington College, who has served on an interview committee, stated in his evidence that he was struck with the limited number of good candidates, and that he was disappointed at having to accept some weak bo.ys. In this opinion he is supported bv a number of other witnesses, who seemed to believe that the Navy has not been getting as large a supply of good candidates as it should. The presence of a tail of very weak ones among those selected is borne out by Captain the Honourable Horace Hood of Osborne ('ollege, who was emphatic in his evidence that some of the boys were deficient in intelligence and unfit to become naval officers. The head masters both of Osborne and of Dartmouth Colleges are agreed that the best and average cadets are much on a par v/ith the best and average boys of the same age at public schools, but that the worst are too much below the average, although not so bad as the worst at the public schools. The evidence from the training cruisers, and to a less degree from the seagoing fleet, confirms the view that a certain proj^ortiou of the boys selected are much below the desirable standard. The only effective way to reduce the number of weak cadets will be to increase the number of candidates from whom selections are made. At each examination held during the past five years the number of entries has averaged about 70 and the number of candidates about 175, from whom have been taken, as is believed, nearly every suitable boy and in some cases doubtful ones. It is evident that the increased entries required for the larger navy of the future demand an addition to the number of suitable candidates. 9. The supply of suitable candidates may be adversely affected in several Avays : — (a) The parents may erroneously believe that a nomination for a cadetship is still required and be deterred fi'om applying by the supposed difficulty of getting one ; (b) The parents may dislike to bind their sons down at the early age of 13 to undertake to serve in the engineering or other special branch on attaining the rank of lieutenant ; (c) The parents may have been led to believe, quite wrongly, that the life at Osborne is too strenuous and is injurious to health ; (c/) The expense may be too great for the means of the parents ; (e) The preparatory schoolmasters may not exert a favourable influence. 1(). To meet these objections the Regulations for entry have been revised as shown on page 46 : — (a) Is met by clause 1, which declares that no nomination is necessary. (b) The undertaking referred to in clause 3 of the Regulations for entry, dated June 1909 (page 37), is thought to be no longer necessary. Cadets entering now will not specialise until about nine years from the date of entry, by which time the general attitude of the navy towards engineering will probably have changed. The extra pay of 46-. to lU*-. a day is believed to be sufficient to attract volunteers. B a 22 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION: (c) The hours of work in each week, inchi cling "preparation " and a period of reli.ijious instruction on Sundays, are 38^ at Osborne and 43f at Dartmouth, wliich arc only slio-htly more than the regular hours of work at schools in general for boys of corresponding ages, but the work is varied and much of it is practical, not involving mental strain. The ('omniittee are of opinion that the school work is not excessive, and in this view they are supported by the report of the Inspectors of the Board of Education, p. 84. ((/) The average cost to his parents of a cadet at Osborne is about 93)1. jier annum (page 54). If travelling expenses and clothing are added, the sum may well rise to upwards of 110/. The cost of a cadet's outfit, as detailed on pages 50 to 52, averages about 601. These expenses are reasonable as compaied with those at the pulilic schools ; higher than some, lower than others. But two considerations show that they are more than can be afforded by the parents of many suitable l)oys First, the public schools are well provided with scholarships which reduce the cost by anything iip to 100/. a j'car. Second, and perhaps even of more importance, a great number of boys are not sent to boarding schools at all, but live at home and attend day schools. The cost is then on an altogether different scale, even when it is not further reduced by scholarships, as is often the case. Among these boys, who get their education at compai'atively trifling cost, are to be found some of the ablest in the countrj', and many others who from parentage, early training, ability and character are eminently suitable for the Navj\ To many of them the normal fees of a boarding school are absolutely prohibitive. Further, it should be noticed that the cost of the colleges to the parents is at least 351. per annum higher than was that at the Keyham Boyal Naval Engineering College. Some recognition has already been given to these considerations in the reduction of fee now allowed to certain cadets w'hose fathers are, or were, in the navy, armj-, or marines, or in the civil service under the Admiralty (see page 39, paragraph 12). The Connnittee propose that the principle shonld be extended by lowering the fees to 24L per annum in respect of a number not exceeding 20 ])ev cent, of the entries at each examination and by not limiting the reduced scale to the sons of ofhcers in the navy, army, and marines, and of civil servants under the Board of Admiralty. Applications for the reduced fee would have to be made before the inter- view, instead of after selection as at present Tpage 48, paragraph 13). In selecting for this reduced scale their Lordships would have regard to the pecuniary circiunstances of the candidates, but the Committee recom- mend that no candidate should be admitted on the reduced scale unless he passes the qualifying examination with some credit. This reduced fee of 24Z., coupled with the high standard of the education given at Osljorne and Dartmouth, would compare favourably with that^bf20L paid by a scholar at Winchester CoUege for an education which costs others 120L Both the number and quality of the candidates should be raised by these reduced fees, which should attract boys of ability. After making allowance for those paying the present reduced rate of 40Z. per annum, who in the midsuiumer 1912 term numbered about 7 per cent, of the whole, the additional charge to the nation Avould approximate to 8,000L a year with 1,000 cadets under training. (e) The preparatory schoolmaster finds that it is not to his interest to send boys into the navy at the age of 12^*^ to 13. Quite naturally he prefers to keep them until they have risen to the top of his school and are at least 13|^, which is about the age at which they leave him for a public school. He is, therefore, constantly pressing to raise the age by eight mouths. The objection to raising the age lui entry is that to do so delays the dates of going to sea and of promotion to the rank of lieutenant. The Committee have proposed certain reductions in the time of training, which in their judgment are the maxinmm possible. Ea'cu after these are in force the age on joining the seagoing fleet will be upwards of 17, and the time from entry to lieutenant being about nine j'ears, the age on promotion to that rank will be for the majority about 22. REPORT. 23 A further reason against raising the age is that the education and training at Osborne are so much superior for the purposes of the navy to that of the majority of schools that it is a gain to get the boys there early. The inducement to raise the age, usually held out, is that a larger number of suitable candidates would come forward ; but of this no proof is forthcoming and none appears to be obtainable. After careful consideration the Conuriittee advise that the age of entry should not be raised, but should remain as at present, viz., between 12 years and 8 luunths and l.".l years. 11. The Committee take the opportunity to record their appreciation of the assistance they have received in dealing with this part of the inquiry both from the Association of Preparatory Schools and from the head masters of certain pul)lic and private schools. Tin; Colleges:. 12. In compliance with their Lordships' request, conveyed in Admiralty letter C.E. 11845 of 2nd April 1912 (page 54), the Board of Education were pleased to allow their officers to inspect the colleges at Osborne and Dartmouth. The report of the inspectors (page 55), as the considered judgment of gentlemen experienced in education, is valuable, will repay close attention, and removes the necessity for any detailed report from this Committee. It wiU suffice to say that the course of instruction extends over a period of four years, divided equally between Osborne and Dartmouth. In each year are thi-ee terms, each of about 13 weeks. In July 1912, at Osborne, the total number of cadets was 439, and the nimnber in each term A^aried from 65 to 80 ; at Dartmouth the total was 406, and each term included from 63 to 71. The syllabuses have been constantly revised, to bring them more into accord with the special requirements of the cadets. Those now in force are dated March 1912, and Avill be found on page 72. 13. On the whole the inspectors were favourably impressed by the system of instruction and examination. In English and history the cadets are taught by picked masters such as woidd be rarely found teaching lioys of the same age at a public school, and, consequently, they receive abetter liberal education than the average boys on the modern side of such schools. In the first-named subject " the work appears to be " singularly successfid in teaching the cadets to exjaress themselves in clear and " vigorous English, and in inspiring them with a taste for reading." The work in the geography department at Osborne created a most favourable impression. In modern languages the report is not quite so favourable, and a certain want of co-ordination between the work at Osborne and Dartmouth is noted. In mathe- matics the inspectors noted that a wide departure has been made from the teaching traditional in English schools, but as is believed with good results , that at Dartmouth provision is made for the abler boys to go further than the others, while at Osborne this is only the case to a very small extent and thus some boys are unable to keep up. On the whole, the work of the better l^oys is held to be very good, and the general average to be high. Of the science work the general impression left on the inspectors was that it reached a very satisfactory level, and compared very favourably indeed with the work done by boys of the same ages in any other schools in the country. In engineering the amount of what may be termed theory is small, but is compensated to some extent by the practical work, which was held to be extra- ordinarily good and better than that done in any other school or college of any kind. Of the work in the drawing office the inspectors report that " there is nothing to learn from the best technical colleges, since in few of these are such sormd methods so consistently adopted." 14. The Committee desire to point (jiit that the education at the colleges diil'ers from that previously given to naval officers in this country in the large amount of time and attention devoted to practical mechanical work, in the improved methods of instruction in mathematics and science, and, above all, in the stress laid on the study of English and historj^, which provide the liberalising inllixence on the mind required as a counterpoise to the narrowing effect of naval and mechanical technicalities. They are convinced that the education at present given at Osborne and Dartmouth Colleges is of a high order, and that both the courses of instruction and the system of examination are satisfactory. They have made careful inquiries to ascertain whether the time spent at the Colleges can be reduced, and are satisfied that it cannot without very seriously impairing the instruction. This remark applies more or less to eveiy . B 4 24 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION : department, to the humanities, to mathematics, to science, and especially to engineering, Avhich although it absorbs about one-f(Jurth of the whole time, provides only the equivalent of twenty working weeks of an engineering apprentice for work in the shops. 15. The only change which the Committee recommend in the c.urricidum at the colleo-es is an addition to the time allotted to navigation, sntBcient to compensate for the reduction of time in the training cruiser from eight mouths to four. This means the transfer of work, to which 80 hours is now given, from the training cruiser to Dartmouth, an atidition wdiicli will necessitate a reduction in some other subjects. In the judgment of the Committee this reduction should not be made either in the humanities or in engineering. A possible way of adjusting the requirements of tfie several subjects is shown on page 100, sttbmitted to the Committee by the head master of Dartmouth and approved by the captain of the college. The Training Cruisers. 16. In the second report the Committee recommended that the two training cruisers of the " Cornwall " class should be retained for the present, but that certain changes should be made in the instruction, with a view to render the cadets better fitted to take part in the work of a seagoing ship. Their Lordships have been pleased to approve this recommendation. Assuming that the proposals now made (paragi'aph 15) to increase and improve the instruction in navigation at Dartmouth College are accepted and brought into operation in January, 1913, and in view of the improved training in the fleet now proposed, also of the desire to reduce the age for promotion to the rank of lieutenant, the committee recommend that the time allotted to the cruiser shall be reduced from eight months to four — 24 working weeks to 12 — in January 1915. This interval is required to permit the necessary readjustments at Dartmouth to take effect. The advantages of this reduction in the- cruiser time will be : — • (a) The cadets in each entry will be divided between the two cruisers, and the reduced numbers in each ship will render the instruction more effective ; (b) Any future increase of nuinliers in each entry can be accommodated ; (c) Officers will reach the ranks of acting sub-lieutenant, sub-lieutenant and lieiitenant four months earlier ; (d) The lieutenants' lists will be automatically increased ; (e) Smaller ships can then be substituted for the armoured cruisers. The Training at Sea. 17. The first " entry " of cadets under the new scheme went to sea as midshipmen in the fleet in May 1908. Their training at sea was regulated by circular letter No. 51, dated 1st May 1908 (page 101), which directed that it was to last three years, and to be carried out wholly on professional lines, designed to enable them to obtain a thonnighly practical knowledge of their profession. They were to work for successive periods with the executive, gunnery, torpedo, navigating and engineer officers, who were made responsible for their training and instruction. The evident intention was that they should learn their work l)y doing it. To further that end compulsory school was abolished on the perfectly valid plea that they had received a sufficient education in school subjects. Several causes combined to render the intention nugatory. Among them perhaps the principal ones were the character of the syllalmses for the examination for the rank of lieutenant contained in the appendix to circular letter No. 51 of 1908, and the accelerated promotion offered to those wh(j devoted their time to theoretical subjects. As has been explained in our first report, both causes combined to divert the attention of midshipmen from learning the woi-k which they would ultimately have to do as lieutenants. Other causes have been the wrong direction given to the training in the cruiser, to which attention has been already called in our second report, and the constant shifting from ship to ship, which was so frequent that in the three years each midshipman on the average served in five or six ships. These frequent changes impaired then- training by discouraging the officers of their ships from taking an interest in them. A further cause was the retention of the naval instructor, who was continued (a) to superintend the taking of sights, (h) to assist the specialist officers witli the theoretical instruction, and (c) to encourage voluntary study. In the judgment of the Committee REPORT. 25 these purposes are iusutlicieiit tu justily tlic presence of u uaval iublruetor ou board a seagoing ship, in view of the fact that cadets have ah-eady received a sufficient edu- cation in school subjects at the colleges. The result has been that the majority of midshipmen have taken little pari in the practical work of their ships, and that a considerable portion of their time and energy has ])eon diverted to lectures and study, to prepare for examinations whicli liavc included a great di'al of matt(u- not necessarj' for a lieutenant to know. 18. In the above quoted circular letter No. 51 of the 1st May, I'JOS, the system of training had been left vague, except in the important proviso that about one-third of the time should be devoted to engineering. As a necessary consequence th(> trainin"- varied greatly in different ships. This would liave mattered little if the midshipmen had remained in the same ship under the same officers and the examinations had been limited to ascertaining whether they had a reasonable knowledge of the pi-actical duties of their profession, but, as the nudshipmen were constantly removed from ship to ship, the result was necessarily scn-ious. In order to secure some uniformity circular letter No. 25 was issued on the 10th May, 1010, and has since been embodied in Article 293A of the King's Regulations (page 113). This order incidentally increased the removals from ship to ship, l)ecause uaval instructors were borne iii some ships but not in others, and the absence of a naval instructor was held to act unfairly in view of the nature of the examination in prospect. That part of the order, however, which dealt with engineering was based on the sound idea tliat the training was to consist chiefly in taking part in the daily engineering work of the ship and set forth in some detail and on sound lines the system to be followed. Those parts which related to the other specialities were left vague and unsatisfactory, and the training in the different ships still continued to vary. 19. The chief factors in the training are the personalities of the flag officers, of the captains and officers of the ships, and of t.ie midshipmen themselves —all varying a great deal. In navigation and pilotage the training in many cases falls short of what it should be. It is essential that the navigation should be so taught in the colleges and training cruisers that, on joining the fleet, midshipmen Avill not require further instruction, but will only need to perfect themselves by constantly talung observations and working out examph^s in a systematic way. They will thus gradually train themselves to fix the ship's position with accuracy and rapidity. The greater attention paid to the subject at Dartmouth College, the revision of the syllal)us in the training cruiser proposed in our second report, and the abolition of voluntary sidjjects proposed in our first report, already approved, should give improved results, provided that the instructions embodied in paragraphs 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 of the Regulations for training junior officers (pages 127, 128) are carried out. Pilotage can only be learnt by practice. The evidence shows that even in a flagship, e.g., the " Di-eadnought," anv difficulties there may be in giving midshipmen opportunities to learn can be overcome if proper arrangements are made. 20. In all departments there seems to have been a disinclination to place midship- men in positions of responsibility and a disposition to underrate their capabilities. In engineering the evidence of the engineer officers, sub-lieutenants and midshipman who have been examined shows that in certain ships the midshipmen have been given every opportunity and have responded well. In other ships, however, this has not been so. For instance, it appears that midshipmen in seagoing ships are seldom trusted to go away in charge of the machinery and boilers of steamboats, although they all do this before they leave the cruiser and have also had experience in running steam and motor boats while at Dartmouth College (page 119). That a midshipman should be sent away without question in charge of the boat herself, but, after the training he has i-eceived, that he shotdd not be trusted to run her engines is an anomaly which is difficult to understaml. The evidence of the engineer captain of the Second Division, Home Fleet, bears on the point. He stated that he did not think as much had been done in that Division in the way of giving midshipmen responsi- bility as might be done, and gave instances in support of that view. On the other hand, it should be noted that a sub-lieutenant of the new scheme, who stated in his evidence that he does not intend to specialise in engineering, kept regular olHcer's watch in the engine room of the " Cochrane " from Port Said to Bombay and back to England at a speed of 1(3 or 17 knots. The Committee do not doubt that there are other officers capable of taking the same duty if they are given the opportunity. It is possible also that the fear lest midshipmen might be called upon to specialise in engineering against their will has also prejudiced the training. The Committee 26 COMMITTEE i)N EDUCATION: are of opinion that it is verj'- necessary to remove that impression and make it quite clear that volunteers only will be taken. Every officer of the military brancli should have experience in the engine-room department, and be able to take charge of an engine-room watch sliould the need arise ; but more than that is not rrquireil from those who do not specialise. 21. In gunnery the difficulties have been that the midshipmen joined the seagoing ships with very little knowledge, that under Admiralty orders all instruction was to be "iven them bv officers and not by seamen instructors, and that the gunnery lieutenant had not time to instruct them in the subjects mentioued in the very ambitious syllabus, which covered many matters not essential for an officer of quarters. In torpedo similar difficulties have been met with. Speaking generally, the training has taken the form of too much lecturing and too little practical work in both subjects. The changes proposed in the cruiser training should improve their practical knowledge on joining the fleet, and those now proposed in the syllabuses and in the training at sea" should tend to direct energy into the proper channels. 22. The Committee attach the greatest importance to the midshipmen doing real work and being given real responsibility in all departments, as has always been the custom in connection with boats. In no other way can they be trained to become officers, or be brought to work at, and to take an interest in, their profession. With this object in view the Committee have found it necessary to revise Form E. 190, which will be seen on page 120, and to prepare new Regulations for irnining, which will be found on page 126. These latter provide — (a) that the midshipmen shall remain as far as possible in the same ship ; (h) that the training shall be directed to fit them to perform the duties of a lieutenant ; (c) that the training shall consist chiefly in taking part in the daily work of the ship ; (d) the orders to lie followed by midshipmen when working with the specialist officers. (a) has been to some extent provided for in circular letter No. 37, dated 6th December 1911 (page 133). 23. The Committee recommend that the annual examination of midshipmen ordered by Article 294A of the King's Regulations and amended by weekly order No. 241, dated 4th August 1911 (page 135), shall be abolished. Naval Instructors.'* 24. For the reasons given in paragraph 17, the Committee further recommend that on the 15th May 1913, naval instructors shall be removed from all seagoing ships, except the training cruisers, and that chaplains who act as naval instructors shall cease to do so. Page 170 shows that the total number of naval instructors and chaplains acting as naval instructors is now 60, of whom onl}'- 14 of the former and 13 of the latter are employed at sea with midshipmen, if the Committee's recommendations are approved, these 14 naval instructors will have to be otherwise employed, or retired with a gratuitj", or some substantial addition to the retiring pension to which each is entitled. It is tmderstood that soiue of them will be required at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. The 13 chaplains will have to be compensated for their loss of income on ceasing to act in the dual capacity. Eveniuall}" the abolition of the naval instructor will result in some economy to the Crown. The Committee venture to urge the claims of these oHicers to liberal treatment, as they will be thrown out of employment through the exigencies of the Service and not through any fault of their own. {See note below). The Examinations for the Rank of Lieutenant. 25. After passing in seamanship and attaining the rank of acting sublieulenant, officers who entered the navj?- prior to September 1903, went through courses at specialist schools on shore in navigation, pilotage, gunnery, and torpedo, before being examined in those subjects for the rank of lieutenant. These com-ses occupied nearly one year (page 135), and Mithdrew the officers during that time from service at sea, thus depriving them of much valuable experience. Their effect was to throw responsibility for the training on the " schools," thus discouraging work at sea ; to * It has been decided bv the Board of Admiralty that the Naval iDstnictors now in the Service shall continue to be employed a? such. REPORT. 27 compress into a few weeks what ought to have been spread over a long period, tJius fostering cramming for the examination ; and to direct attention to the shore aspect, with its attendant train of irrelevant matter, rather than to the sea aspect of the subject. Tlie candidates presented themselves to the examiners immediately after completing each course and thus displayed tlieir knowledge in much too favourable a light, as would have prol)ably been made evident had they been exauiiued six months later. This is borne out by the evidence of the senior lieuteiuint of tlie gunnery school who stated that many of the present lieutenants are deficient in knowledge of gunnery. The Committee are of opinion that there is much truth in this view, and note that the officers in question have all been through th(^ sul)-lieut("nants' course at the gunner}^ school. 20. Fu the year 1906 a change was made, the examination in navigaliou l)eing taken immediately after coming on shore and without any pi-eiiai-atory course. The circular letter No. 5 1 of 1908, •'' already mentioned, went furtlier and abolished the courses in pilotage, gunnery, and torpedo for officers (new scheme) who entered the nnvy in Septembei', 1903, and later. The object was to increase the time passed at sea, where alone officers can acquire any real practical knowledge of their profession. 21. In May, 1911, the first examination of midshipmen entered under the new scheme was held at Portsmouth (page 135), under the regulations contained in circular letter Xo. 51 of 1908, ■•■■ amended in certain particulars. The obligatory part consisted of two written three-hours papers daily for six (hiys — four in navigation and two in each of the other subjects — followed by oral examinations, which lasted five days more. No oral examination was held in engineering, because the candidates held certificates that they had qualified in the practical knowledge of engine-room duties. The voluntary part has been dealt with in our first report and need not now detain us. The following extracts are taken from the reports of the examiners : — Se.\manship, " The results of the examination in seamanship are, on the whole, very satisfactory, especially when taking into consideration the severe conditions under wliich the whole programme of examinations has had to be carried out." Gunnery. " The new-scheme midshipman has a much greater knowledge of gunnery than the old-scheme midshipman had .... the new-scheme midshipman does not know as much as the acting sublieutenant of the old scheme when he presented himself for examination in gunnerj^ at the end of his course in the ' Excellent.' " Torpedo. "The knowledge ol' the candidates is far superior to that of the old-time sublieutenant, and in most cases to that of non-specialist lieutenants of several years' standing." Navigation. " Generally speaking, tliey are ignorant of the practical navigation of a ship, and it is impossible not to form the conclusion that there are very few who I consider could be trusted to command a torpedo-boat and pilot her safety into the sort of harbours often frequented by such craft." Kngineeuing. " The papers show that they have the requisite knowledge to carry out engineering duties at sea." The results of the examination were : — Firsts Sec'ouils Tliivds Failaie.-* Seamanship. Navigation. ■ Giinneiy. Torpedo. Engineering. 21 ;i 4 8 9 26 14 i:. .'{8 14 6 24 26 12 26 Xil 12 8 Nil 4 Page 101. 28 Committee on educaTioIc The ordeal had been severe. The syllabuses of the exauiinauon Wel'e too extensive. The papers set were too nuinerous and not quite suitable in all cases, Sullicient allowance was not made in some cases for conditions different from those of examinations inmiediately after "courses." The Admiralty intended that each examinin,£i; board should be responsible Tor awarding classes in its own subjects and should frame its own standard of niarks. Owing to some misunderstanding this was not done, and em receiving the report their Jjordshiijs revised the classification as follows : — Eiigiiieering. Firsts Secouils Tliiids Fiiilures Before the next examination was held the syllabuses were revised (page 148), and the nundier of papers in navigation reduced to two ; the examining boards were directed to submit the marks obtained and the classilication in all subjects, except seamanship, was reserved to be settled by "the Board." The results were: — In September 1911. , Seamanship. i ' 1 Navigation. Gunnery. Torpedo. Engineering. Firsts - - . . . Seconds ----- Thirds ----- Failiiri's - - - 14 29 14 13 22 1 6 12 30 2 3 17 28 2 9 13 26 2 In January 1912. Firsts Seconds Thirds Failures . 12 9 40 11 10 35 2 i 10 7 12 44 .3 10 19 33 3 U 13 39 2 The reports sent by the examiners directed attention to the limited practical knowledge shown bj- niany of the candidates. The evidence given by those examinei's wdio appeared before the Committee was to the effect that officers near the top of the list — say, about one-sixth — possessed a very good knowledge, that about the same proportion near the bottom were very ignorant, and that the remaining two-thirds would be reasonably competent, with experience, to do the work of the Service. 28. In circular letter No. 11, dated 30th April 1912 (page 142), directions were given that midshipmen were to be examined at sea in seamanship and navigation for the rank of lieutenant when they had completed two years and four months' seniority, and on passing were to be rated acting sidvlieutenants. The classes of certificate in both subjects wei'e to be awarded by the examining officers. The examinations in gunnery, torpedo and engineering were still to be held at Portsmoiith on completing three years' service at sea. The first examinations under this order were to be held in September 1912. 29. The principal advantage of holding the examinations at sea is that the responsibility for both training and examination is made to rest on the officers of the seagoing fleet, who alone are able to make the training effective, and whose sui- roundings place them in a better position than officers in harbour and shore appointments to judge the professional qualifications necessary for a lieutenant liKl'iiRT. 29 Again, pxainiiiatioiis always react on training or instruction. The central examination, like the shore course, tends to inij^air the sea-training by setting np a ialse ideal ; -tvhereas those held in the fleet by tlie seagoing officers will tend to level it up by calling the attention oT officers at sea to its deficiencies. And, further, by holding the examinations aHoat instead of at Portsmouth young officers will not be with- drawn from their ships, thus saving both time and expense. For these reasons the Committee recommend that all examinations for the rank of lieutenant should be held at s'^a. They recognise that the standards may vaiy, as is the case to some extent in all examinations, luit they are not disposed to lay much stress on that, since each candidate will be examined 1)}- live different l)oards (paragraph 5, page 115). 30. The Committee's proposed Regulations to govern the cxaminat'iGns for the run]; of lieutenant will be hmnd on page 1J5. It Avill be seen that, if these regulations meet with their J^ordships' approval, the examinations will be entirely oral, except two papers in navigation and one in engineering (para. G), which will l)e set by the captain of the navigation school and by an officer selected by the eugineer- in-chief respectively, but marked by the boards in those subjects (pages 145, 1-iG, para. 7. 9). Under the heading " former service," ten per cent, of the marks in each examination will be awarded by the officers of the ships in which the candidates have served (page 1-10, para. 9). This is an extension of what is now done in the seamanship examination, and will not only add to the responsibility of the captains under whom candidates serve and of the officers in charge of their training, but will insure that their current daily work shall count wlien their professional value is measured in the examination. 31. The award of time will remain as laid du^vu in Article 309A., Iving's Hegula- tions, except that the maximum number of marks obtainable will Ije ten, as recom- mended in our first report and approved by their Lordships. 32. The examinations in ginmery, torpedo, and engineering will be held six months after tliose in seamanship and navigation, instead of eight as at present (page 145, para. 2). This will prevent all five examinations falling on the same date and will accelerate the time of promotion to lieutenant by two months. A provisional examinati(jn (i^iage 146, para. 15) will bo held in cases where the exigencies of the service prevent a complete one being carried out. 33. Before being advanced to the rank of lieutenant every officer will have to serve 12 months at sea as a sublieutenant, instead of six months, as at present (Article 270, K.R., page 167). Each, officer will also have to obtain a certificate (page 146, paragraph 16) that be is fit to take chai-ge o[ an engine-room watch at sea and to carry out all the duties of a junior engineer officer, in addition to the certificate that he is fit to take charge of a watch on deck. It seems to the Committee that eveiy officer should be competent to work the propelling machinerj- and to take charge of an engine-room watch, even thoiigh he does not intend to specialise in engineering, and that he should obtain a certificate to that effect. To require one is to do no more than to push the training given to a practical conclusion. To obtain one should not be difficult to these officers after the training they have received. The certificates have been ^\•orded to agree with paragraph 3, Article 270 of the Iving's Regulations. The engine-room certificate should not be called for from any officer whose seniority as sublieutenant is dated before 31st March, 1914. The midshi2")nian'5 engineering certificate called for by Article 299 of the King's Regulations and amended by circular letter No. 38 of 8th December, 1911 (page 157j, will be no longer recpiired, and has been omitted in the revised Foi-m Iv 190. 34. The Committee recommend that a sublieutenant, who performs duties in the engine-room (iftcr he has obtained an engine-room watch-keeping certificate, shall receive additional ])ay at the rate of 2s. (jd. a day. This allowance is ])roposed in view of the fact that the officer will he no longer und(M- ti-aining, Imt will L)r doing the duties and taking the place of an engineer ollicei-. 35. The syllahuses of examination for the rank of lieutenant and the certificates to l)e awarded (page 145) have been entirely revised. The former have Ijeen much reduced as compared with those hitherto in force, and are now limited to insure merely that officers shall have a reasonable knowledge of the practical duties of their profession before being advanced. This they should have if they have taken part as 30 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION ; inidshipinen in the work of each department in their ships. The latter liave been framed to enable the examiners to assess correctly the practical knowledge of professional work possessed by the candidates. 36. The effect of the Committee's proposals on the times served in different ranks and on the ages is shown in the following tables and on pages 158, 151) : — Time served in different ranks. Previous to circular Eesult of circular Result of _ letter No. 1 1 of letter No. 1 1 of Oommittee's 30- 4 12.* 30-4-12. proposals. Years. Years. Years. Naval ciulet in ciiiisLT - - - - 0-S O-H 0-4 Midshipniaii lit sea - - - - 3-4t 2-i 2-4 Acting sublieutenant . - - — 1-Ot 0-8t Sublieutenant - - - - - 1 2-0 20 2-0 Xi sea — maxiniuni time to rank of lieutenaut 6-0 6-0 5-4 At sea — miniinura time to niuk of lioiUcniint 4-5 4-5 - 4-3 * Page 154. t Inoliirles four uioiitlis delay due to passing nut of college. I Includes two months delay due to passing out of college. Ages at different stages. Previous to circular letter No. 11 of 30-4-12. Result of circular letter No. 11 of .TO-4-12. I On joining On leaving college On leaving cruiser Troniotion to acting sublieutenant Promotion to sublieutenant Promotion to lieuteuaut- 12,^ to 13 1 6^5- to 1 7 20tV to 2 1 21^V to 23 12t\ to 13 ISy-V to 17 l7T*.y"tO Ht^s 1 9y\ to 20 20^ to 21 2lvVto23 Result uf Committee's proposals. 12,% to 13 1 6tV to 1 7 17 to 17-jV 19yV to I9y\ \9Y-i- to 20tV ■20{i to 22^*, It will be seen that the maximum time under training will be reduced by eight months and the minimum by two months. The reduction in the maximum is made up of — 2 months by not awarding time on leaving the cruiser, 4 mouths by reducing the time in the cruiser, 2 months by reducing the time as acting sublieutenant. Total 8 months. The effect will be to increase gradually the lieutenants' list 100 during the next seven years. bj upwartis of Trainixg and Specialising .subsequent to the Examination for the Rank OF Lieutenant. 37. The regulations which now govern specialising are to be found as follows : — For navigation — in Article 313 of the King's Regulations (page 160) ; For gunnery and torpedo — in Article 866 of the King's Regulations (page 162) and circular letter No. 25 dated 14th August, 1911 (page 162) ; For engineering — in tlie circular letter No. 25, ilated 14th August, I'Jll (page 162). 38. The amended regulations now submitted are contained in pages 164 to 167. it will be seen that the Committee propose that officers shall volunteer to specialise: — In navigation and engineering — at any time after completing one year at sea in the rank of sublieutenant, provided they have obtained the two watch-keeping certificates required (paragi-aph 1) ; REPORT. 31 111 gunnery .and torpedo— at any time after attaining the rank of lieutenant (paragraph 1). And that they may be selected — For navigation— after serving not less than one year at sea as sublieutenant (paragraph 5) ; For engineering— after completing two years at sea as a commissioned olHcer (paragraph ol) ; For gunnery and toi-pedo— after completing one year at sea as lieutenant (paragraph 21). In determining these times the nature of the rofession. Again, during the greater part of their service in the navj' they will hold shore appointments, and will have very little sea experience indeed outside the engineering department. Hence they will not be able to carry out efficiently their important engineering duties and remain competent to perform military duties. The Connnittee are of opinion that they should cease to perform these latter on completing the proposed additional course of study at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, and should at the same time become no longer eligible to take military command. 46. For the above reasons the Connnittee recommend :— (1 ) That from among those who have qualified for liettteiiant (E) a selection be made of a limited munber of ofKcers, who will devote themselves to engineering with a view to qualifying for the higher technical and administrative engineering apiwintments at the Admiralty and in the dockyards ; that these officers undergo a further two years' course of training at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich ; that the selection of officers for this course be governed by the results of the examinations in the previous courses and by the recommendations of the officers of Keyham College ; that officers selected for the long course be appointed to seagoing ships during the interval between the sessions : HKi'dirr. (L'J Tlial lieuU'.naiils [V]) who successrully pass the examination at the eud of the two years' course be designated lieutenant (Ef) aufJ proceed to sea Jor a period of not less than one year, after wiiicli they will lie available to take np special duties on shore : (3) Tliat all oflBcers (Ej) be placed on a separate list on the navy list ami be not eligible to take military command : (4) That oiiieers on this list be ])romoted by selection lo commander (Et), captain (Ej), and to Hag rank. 47. Art. 269, Clause 2, of the King's Uegulalions (page 108) provides that all Officers who have joined the Navy after January 1903, shall he reqtnred at some time after attaining live years' seniority to pass a qualifying examiualion for the rank of Commander in the following subjects : — Court Martial procedure ; Internatiom\l Law ; Knowledge of British and Foreign Warships, Guns, Torpedoes, &c. ; Naval History ; Signals ; Strategy ; Tactics and Battle Formations. The reason for holding this examination seems to be misunderstood. The Com- mittee apprehend that its purpose is not to determine the officers who shall be promoted to the rank of Commander, but to ensure that no officer shall be advanced who has not a reasonable knowledge of the subjects named. An officer's promotion should depend on the way he performs his duties and on the judgment formed of him by those under whom he has served. The examination shoidd in no way altej- or affect that judgment beyond indicating that the officer has, or has not, (jualified in these particular subjects. In no sense of the word shoidd the examination be uiade competitive. Great care should be taken to reduce to a minimum the danger of cramming for it. If properly conducted, the examination will to some extent tend to direct attention to questions connected with the conduct of war and to foster the study of History, already begun at the Osborne and Dartmouth Colleges. The Committee' do not propose to revive the essay on Naval History, which formed part of the examination for the rank of lieutenant. ■48. But something more is required. As has been already jiointeil out, questions connected with the manufacture and supply of weapons and electrical apparatus have tended to divert the minds of officers from the military side of their profession. The increased attention now given to machinery will add to this tendency, which may become a serious danger if some coimterpoise is not introduced. It is most necessary that Officers should recognise that such matters are only a means _ to an end and not the end itself ; that they must be viewed in their true proportion and assigned to their proper position. It would seem that the best way to bring this about will be found in giving increased facilities for the serious study of the Military side. Some effect has already been given to this view in circular letter No. 10 of IJthMarch, 1912 (page 168), but its effect seems to be limited to educating officers for a War Staff. The Committee venture to point out that the military knowledge referred to is required by all officers in command of ships, whether ships of the line oi- sinall craft, since any one of them may be, and often is, detached ; the commanding olKcer then has to deal with questions on his own responsibility. Again, there are officers who would gladly avail themselves of the opportunity to prosecute their studies in this direction, if, on concluding them, they coidd return to active service in connnand or otherwise, but would be averse to serving on the staff. For these reasons the Com- mittee reconuneud that the course at the W^ar College referretl to in the circidar letter quoted should be directed to prepare officers not only for a staff but for command, and that the number attending should be increased, and should include conunanders. If the course is really good and renders officers better fitted for command, they will be attracted to it, and no additional incentive will be required. The Committee also desire to point out that if the War Courses were transferred from I'oi-tsmoutli to the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, the officers attending could be acconmiodated in the building, instead of living out as at present, and would be brought into^ closer touch with each other, which would give increased facilities for mutual instruction and make the courses more effective. U 1260'! C 34 rOMMITTEE ON EDUCATIOK In conclusion, the Committee ilesne to i)kice on record their appreciation of, anJ tu ih-;i\v their Lordships' attention lo, the very valuable assistance they have received Ironi Pleet Paymaster Victor 11. T. Weekes, US., who lias performed the laborious (.iuties of Secretary in a very efficient manner. \Yc have tlie liunour tu be, Sir, Your ohedient servants, REGINALD CUSTANCE R. E. WEMYSS VICTOR STANLEY - \{. B. DIXON - W. C. FLETCHER - VICTOR H. T. WEEKES, Secretary. - Admiral (Chairman). - Rear-Admiral, "^ - Captain, - Engineer Commander, - Chief Inspector of Secondary Schools, Members. The Secretary of the Admiralty. fiKI'iiKT. •io Thi?'d and Main Re por t, dated IZt h September 1!)12, addressed by the Education Committee to the Admiralty. SCHEDULE OF ENCLOSURES. Number of Enclosure. Pate and Numlicr ("if .inv"). Subject. / 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 June 1909 July 191! 12 September 1908 December 1908 • » * 9 July 1912 - 2 April 1912, C.E. 11845 March 1912 15 July 1912 14 August 1912, C.E. 8661/12 - 1 May 1908, Circular Letter 51 Article 293a, King's Regula- tions, 1906. Form E. 1 90 6 December 1911, Circular Letter 37. Article 294a, King'.s Kcgula- tious, 1906, and Weekly Order 241 of 4 August 1911.' March 1911, C.VV. HOlO i 4 August 1911, Weekly Order246; 18 August 1911, Weekly Order 258. ' 1 Septemlier 191 1, Weekly Order i 270. 30 April 1912, Circular Letter 1 1 ! Article 309a, King's Regulations,' 1906. 29 May 1912, C.W. 8608 - | Article 270, King's Regulations, 1906. 5 February 1912, Circular ! Letter Jso. 6. I Regulations no\y in force for entry of naval cadnfs. i'hysical requirements for candidates for couiinissions in Ihe Royal Navy now in force. Regulations now in force respecting cadets at llie Hoval Naval Colleges and on board the training cruisers. Naval Cadets : Regulations for entry and training as proposed by the Committee. Regulations now in force for the entry into the Royal Naval College at Dartmouth of cadets from the " Con wav." Average cost per anntmi to his parents of a Cadet at the Royal Naval College, Osborne. Admiralty letter asking Board of Education to allow their officers to inspect Royal Naval Colleges. Report of the Board of Education Inspection of the Royal Naval College, Osborne, on 21st to 24th May, and' of the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, on 27tli to 3(ltli May 19"l2. Syllabus of siibiocts of instruction at the Royal Naval Colleges, now in force. Table showing the time allocated to the xarlous subjects at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. Proposed re-arrangement of the time given to certain subjects at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. Admiralty approval of recommendations made in Com- mittee's Second Report. Training and examination of junior ofhcers. Do. do. Orders now in force at Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, for cadets in motor boats and steam boats. Form of record and certificates of an officer duriug his service as naval cadet, midshipman, and sub-lieutenaut, as amended by the Committee. Regidations for the training of junior officers, as proposed by the Committee. Appointment of midshipmen. Annual examination of junior officers afldat : regulations at present in force. Courses to be taken prior to passing foi- the rank of lieutenant — in the year 1902, and later. Arrangements for the examination for the rank of lieutenant held iu May 1911. Arranf;cments and syllabuses for the examination for the rank of lientemiut. Seamanship and navigation examinations for the rank of lieutenant to be held afloat, and midshipmen to be rated acting sub-lieutenant on passing. Regulations to govern the examinations for the lank of lieutemmt, as proposed by the Committee, also svllabuses of examinations and certificates to be awarded. Scale of marks for promotion now in force. Admiralty approval of recomincmlations made in Com- mittee's First Report. Qualifications now required for promotion to the rank of lieutenant. Engine-room training after passing for the rank of lieutenant. J C 2 ;5fi coMMiriKE OX i:ni cation : NiimlHT of KncloBiue. |):iti' and NuiuIk'I- (if aii.v"). Sulijwt. 30 .SI Deck anil ciifviiic-iooin watch-kcepiuf; certificates, as ))roposed I)}' tlu' C'oiiitnittee. S December liHI, Ciii-iilar MiiishipmenV cngiiieciing certificate. Regulatious now in l.elter 38. force. 82 Comparative tabic of ages at different stages, old and new schemes. 33 Article 313, Kiiig',< RcgtilailDii.'^, Pilotage and navigating duties. l\egulati()U> now iu . 1906. force. 34 Article 866, King's UNjiiilalioiis, 1906. Gunnerv and torpedo duties. Regulations now iu force. 35 UAiigiisI 1911, Circiihir Letter Training of officers after passing for the rank of 2,-,. lieutenant. Regulatious now in force. 36 Regidatious for sjiecialising as proposed by the Committee. 37 24 May 1912. f.W. 8591 Specialisation of officers in engineering. Regulations at present in force. 38 Article 269. C'lanse 2, King's Exanunation for the lauk of connnander. Hegulati(nig Regulatious. 1906. now in force. 39 11 March 1912, Circular Letter Orgauisatiou and training of war staff. Regulations now 10. . August 191:^- iu force. 40 Numbers of naval instructors. e « e «*«**« C():\LMiTTEr: on kducattox. Enclosure No. 1 in Third Report of Education Committee, dated \.otli Septemher 1912. Regulations for Entry of Naval Cadets. Now in force. 1. All Naval Cadets enter the Service under identical conditions, and are trained together until they pass for the rank of Lieutenant. 2. After passing for the rank of Lieutenant, they may be required to serve either as general service Officers or in one of the special branches, undertaking either Engineering, Gunnery, Torpedo, Navigation, or Marine duty. 3. As far as possible Officers selected for special service will be allowed to choose the branch in which they will qualify, subject to the proviso that all branches are satisfactorily filled. Parents or guardians of Candidates for appointment as Naval ("Jadets must undertake for them that they are prepared to serve in any branch if reqxiired. 4. Parents or guardians are required to declare iu writing their intention that the Candidate, if he obtains a Cadetship, shall adopt the Navy as his profession in life , and it is subject to this undertaking that Candidates are selected for Cadetships. r-^very Cadet who enters the Royal Naval College must therefore be prepared to continue his training so long as the Admiralty are satisfied with his progress, and parents are not at liberty to withdraw their sons at will. On the entry of a Cadet, parents or guardians will be required to undertake that, in the event of his withdrawing or being withdrawn from the College, or from the Navy before being confirmed as a Sub-Lieutenant, they will pay to the Admiralty, if demanded, the sum of 251. per term in respect of each term passed by him at the R.N. Colleges, Osborne and Dartmouth, from the date of his entry to the date of his withdrawal, as a contribution towards the balance of the cost of his training and maintenance not covered by the annual payment of 75/. mentioned in paragraph 12. This undertaking does not apply to Cadets withdrawn at the request of the Admiralty under paragraphs 15-18, 5. Candidates must be of pure European descent, and the sons either of natural- born or of naturalized British subjects. In doubtful cases the burden of clear proof will rest upon the parents or guardians of Candidates. 6. Every Candidate (except Candidates who are being educated iu the Colonies, and have received special Colonial recommendations under paragraph 7) will be required to present himself before a Committee, which will interview each applicant separately. •■• Appointments to Naval Cadetships are made by the First Lord from among Candidates recommended by the Committee, and all such appointments are subject to the Candidate passing a Qualifying Literary Examination in educational subjects (vide par. 11), and a Medical Examination (vide par. 10). The fact, however, of a Candidate being invited to appear before this Committee is not to be understood as in any degree implying that he will necessarily be chosen to attend the Qualifying Examination. The Interviewing Committee will sit shortly before the date fixed for each Qualifying Literary Examination. 7. Members of the Board of Admiralty (other than the First Lord) have the privilege of specially recommending one Candidate each time, and the same privilege is granted to the Deputy Adjutant-General, Royal Marines. A Flag Officer or Commodore 1st Class appointed to the Chief Command of a Naval Station, or to a separate command, and a Captain, R.N., on receiving his first * Applications should be addressed to the Assistant Private Secretary to tiie First Lord, and should uot be made until the Candidate has reached 12 years of ajje. The applications must be n'ceired at the Admiralty : For the March examination before Ist January. Do. July do. do. 1st May. Do. Dee. do. do. 1st October. C 3 38 COMMITTEE OS EDUCATION : appointment to the command of a sea-going ship other than a tender or a ship with reduced nucleus crew, is allowed to recommend specially one Candidate, provided the privilege is exercised within six months of appointment and that the Candidate recoimi-euded is not less than twelve years of age at the time. The Governments of certain Colonies are allowed to recoimnend specially (through the Secretary of State for the Colonies) a certain number of Candidates annually from among boys belonging to families resident in the Colonies. All the specially recommended Candidates (with the exception of Colonial Candidates actually residing out of the United Kingdom) must be also recommended l)y the Interviewing Committee, and all such Candidates, without exception, must pass the Qualifying Educational Examination. 8. The Qualifjdng Examinations are held in March, July, and December, and the appointments date from the 15th May, 15th September, 15th January following, respectively. ■•■•■■9. Candidates are eligible only for one interview and Qualifying Examination. Candidates for examination in — March must not be less than 12 years and 8 months nor more than 13 years of age on the following - 15 May, July Do. do. - 15 Sept., Dec. Do. do. - 15 Jan. 10. Every Candidate must be in good health, and free from any physical defect of body, impediment of speech, defect of sight or hearing, and also from any pre- disposition to constitutional or hereditary disease or weakness of any kind, and be in all respects well developed and active in proportion to his age. Before under- going the Qualifying Examination he is required to pass the medical examination according to the prescribed regulations, and must be found physically fit for the Navy. It should be particularly noted that full normal vision — as determined by Snellen's tests — is required. A Memorandum is issued by the Admiralty which gives details of the physical requirements of Candidates. til. The Qualifying Examination is in the following subjects : — (1) English (including writing from dictation and reproduction of the gist of a short passage twice read aloud to the Candidates). (2) History and Geography, with special reference to the British Empire. (.3) Arithmetic and Algebra (two-thirds of the questions in this paper will be on Arithmetic. The use of Algebraic symbols and processes will be allowed). Arithmetic. The simple and compound rules, avoirtlupois weight, linear and square and cubic measures, the elementary mensuration of rectangular surfaces and volumes, measure of capacity (pints, quarts, gallons), the metric system (the metre, grannne and litre, with their niidtiples and sub-multiples), money (including the relationship of the cent to the dollar, and the centime to the franc), reduction, simple proportion, factors, the addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and simplification of vulgar fractions, and non-recurring decimal fractions. Algebra. The meaning of algebraical symbols, substitution of values, easj' identities, equations of the first degree, including simultaneous equations, verification of the solution of equations, problems leading to simple equations. (i) Geometry. The paper will consist of questions both on Practical and on Theoretical Geometiy. All Candidates must be provided with a ruler graduated in inches and tenths and also in centimetres and millimetres, a small set square, a protractor, pencil compasses, and a hard pencil. • Should any ease occur where a selected Candidate is preveuted by illness from attending the Qualifying Examination, the Admiralty will consider whether special arrangements can be made for him to be examined by the Head Master of the Royal Naval College, Osborne, at the beginning of the ensuing term. + Note. — Copies of the papers set at the examinations held in each year are printed by the Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examination Board, and may be obtained on application to the Secretary of the Admiralty, free of charge. • EVfLOsruRS. 3!) , Proofs of the validity of constructions will not as :i rule bt^ ("xijihiciJ. but they may be asked for. No proofs of theorems will he set. Practical Geometry. Jiisection of angles and straiglii h'm's. con- struction of perpendiculars to straight lines, construction of triangles with three parts given, formation of such angles as (JO"", 30°, 45°, 22^?, without the use of the protractor, construction of angles ciqual to a given angle, construction of squares, rectangles and parallelograms, construc- tion of parallels to a given straight line, division of straight lines into a number of equal parts. Theoretical Geometry. Definitions of the principal terms used either in Practical or in Theoretical Geometry witliin the limits of the syllabus. The substance of the theorems contained in Euclid, Hook I., Proposi- tions 4-6, 8, 13-15, 26-30, 32-34, without formal proofs. Very simple deductions from these theorems. The order in which the theorems are stated is not imposed us the sequence of their treatment. (5) French or German, with an oral examination to which importance will be attached. (6) Latin (easy passages for translation from Latin into English and fiDH! English into Latin, and simple grammatical questions). The list of successful Candidates will be published in alphabetical order. 12. For all Cadets entered under these regulations the payment will be at the rate of 75L per annum for the period under training at the Colleges, to be paid, in sums of 251. every term in advance to the Cashier of the Bank of England on receipt of claim from the Accountant-General of the Navy. But the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty reserve the power of selecting from among the Cadets entered at each Examination a limited number, being sons of Officers of the Navy, Army, or Marines, or of Civil Officers under the Board of Admiralty, with respect to whom the annual payment will be iOl. only. In this selection their Lordships will have regard solely to the pecuniar}' circumstances of the Cadet. Applications for the Reduced Scale must be received at the Admiralty not later than 1st January, 1st May, and 1st September. Parents or guardians are further required to make a private allowance of oOl. per annum to Cadets from the time they leave the Royal Naval College at Dartmouth until they reach the rank of Acting Sub-Lieutenant. 13. In addition to the annual payments mentioned in the foregoing paragraph, the parent or guardian is charged with the cost of outfit and the personal expenses incurred by the Cadet for washing, repairing boots and clothes, pocket-money instruments, school books, sports, &c. 14. The period of training is four years and eight months {i.e., two 3'ears at the Royal Naval College, Osborne, two years at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, and two terms in the Training Cruiser). The three terms of each year are approximately as follows : loth January to 15th April, 7th May to 7th August, 15th September to 15th December. The vacations at the Royal Naval CoUeges are four weeks at Christmas, three weeks at Easter, and six weeks at Midsummer. 15. It is to be tlistinctly understood that the period of training, including the time spent in the Training Cruiser, is a tinae of probation, and the parent or guardian of every Cadet is required to sign a declaration, on the admission of the Cadet, to the effect that he shall be immediately withdrawn on the receipt of an official request for his withdrawal. The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty reserve to themselves full discretion to request the withdrawal of any Cadet from training, if after a sufficient trial he is in their opinion, for any reason, unsuitable for the Naval Service. This discretion will, as a rule, be exercised at the end of the first year, but the proficiency and progress of the Cadets will be periodically derermined, and they may be required, if necessary, to withdraw at a later stage. 16. In all subjects of instruction the principle will be followed of giving merit marks for current work. At the end of each term the Cadet's proficiency a?iij progress will be determined, partly by examination and partly by the marks gaiiie.l for current work, C 4 40 COMMITTEE ON EDrCATION : 17. Cadets who iail to reach a certain standard, or who, for any reason, are considered unsuitable for the Naval Service, maybe required to withdraw at any time. This ride will apply to those who do not show an aptitude for Naval life, as well as to those who make insufficient progress, or whose constitution is weak, although no disease may have developed. 18. Cadets whose conduct is unsatisfactory may at any time be required to withdraw. 19. The parent or guardian of every Cadet is required to provide outfit under the regulations in force. 20. No pay is allowed by Government to Cadets in the training establishments, except in the case of Cadet Captains, who receive a small weekly allowance. The pocket-money allowed to Cadets is charged to the parents. By Command of their Lordships, W. GRAHAM GREENE. Admiralty, June 1909. Enclosure No. 2 in Third Tie^Mrt of Edncatioii Committee, dated \?>)li Scpemher 1912. Physical Requirements for Candidates for Commissions in the Royal Navy. 'Nou- ill force. With a view to preventing Candidates who maybe physically unfit for His Majesty's Service from incurring the inconvenience and expense of prej)aring for commissions in the Royal Navy, it is suggested that they undergo examination by the medical adviser of the family, or any other qualified medical practitioner, to whom the following list of defects which cause rejection may be submitted for guidance. It is to be understood that this private examination is merely suggested as a guide for intending Candidates and to lessen the chances of disappointment, and that it is by no means intended to take the place of, or to influence in any way, the regular Official Physical Examination. 1. A weak constitution, imperfect development, physical weakness, either hereditary or from chronic disease, wounds, or injuries. 2. Skin disease, unless temporary' or trivial. 3. Malformation of the head, deformity from fracture or depression of the bones of the skvill, impaired intellect, epilepsy, paralysis, or iinpediment of speech. -1. Blindness or defective vision, imperfect perception of colours, fistula, lachiy- nialis, or any chronic disease of the eyes or eyelids. Candidates for Naval Cadetships must possess full normal vision as determined by Snellen's tests, each eye being separately examined. For Candidates for other branches of the Royal Navy full normal vision is not required, but any defect of vision must be due to errors of refraction which can be corrected to normal by glasses, and vision without glasses must in any case be not less than /„ with each eye, and the Candidate must also Ije able to read D = o, 6 of Snellen's test types. 5. Impaired hearing, or discharge from one or both ears, or any disease of the external, middle, or internal ear. 6. Disease of the bones of the nose, or of its cartilages, nasal polypus, or disease of the naso- pharynx. 7. Disease of the throat, tongue, palate, or tonsils ; many unsound teeth, ■■■■ unliealthy gums, disease of the glands of the throat or neck, external cicatrices, if at all extensive, and especially if adherent. " >■('. — Seven teeth defective or dejiciciil in persona under 17 years of (uje on the date of entry, 10 dr/ertive or deficient teeth in ]ier.toiis nhore the aye of 17 — a tooth being considered as defective when it cannot he made permanently serviceahic by dental repair. Credit is also given for teeth which have not erupted. Candidates must, however, possess some son/id opposing molars and incisors. The numbers given above are intended as a general guide, and are not necessarily strictly adhered to, provided the (/eneral condition of l/ic teeth is aood. : ExcLosriiEs. 41 8. Functional or organic disease of tlic heart or hlood vessels, defoi'uiity or contraction of tlie eliest, or any symptom of lung disease or tendency thereto. 9. Undue swelling or distension of the abdomen, obesity, disease or enlarge ment of the abdominal organs. Rupture, weakness or tlistension of the abdominal rings ; any disease of the bladder or incontinence of urine. 10. The existence of any defect of the genital organs, or of varicocele, when it clearly forms or is likely to form a serious impediment to the efficient performance of duty, e.g., when it is associated with varicose veins or piles. 11. "Paralysis, weakness, impaired motion, or deformity of the upper or lower extremities, from whatever cause ; a varicose state of the veins, especially of the leg. Bunions, distortion or malformation of the hands, feet, fingers, or toes. ' 12. Distortion of the spine, of the bones of the chest, or pelvis, from injury or constitutional defect. No person will be admitted into His Majesty's Service unless he has been vaccinated. Re-vaccination will also be required if considered necessary. Admiralty, July 1911. ADMIRALTY, I2th September 1908. Enclosure No. ?> in Third Eepo)-! nf Educutlion ('nvimillfc, dated 13th September 1912. Naval Cadkts. Regulations respecting Cadets while at the Royal Naval Colleges at Osdohne and Dartmouth, and on hoard tlie Training Cruisers. Noiv ill force. (For the information of Parents and (jkiardians.) 1. Naval Cadets will imdergo a course of instruction in the Shore Training Establishments for a period of four years, of which two years will be at Osborne, and the remainder at Dartmouth ; there will be three terms in each year. On passing out of the College at Dartmouth they will continue their training for six months on boaj-d a special Training Cruiser. Arrangements are made for the conveyance from Portsmouth to Osborne of the Cadets who are joining the College for the first time. Such Cadets should assemble at the Dockyard Gates (near Portsmouth Harbour Station) shortly before 3 p.m. on the day appointed for joining. Cadets rejoining the College will be expected to make their own arrangements for doing so. 2. The Terms are fi'om about the following dates : — 15th January to 15th April, 7th May to 7th August, 15th September to 15th December ; and the Vacations at the Colleges are four weeks at Christmas. three weeks at Easter, and six weeks at Midsimimer. .J. The friends of the Cadets must be prepared to receive them during all the Vacations. 4. The following payment is required from the Parents or Guardians of each Cadet while in Training Establisliments as a contribution towards the cost of his education : — At the commencement of each term 25L, except in the case of those received at the reduced rate of AOl. a year, whose payments will be 13L 6s. 8d. only. Claims will be made upon the Parents or Guardians by the Accountant- General of the Navy for these simis as they become due, and the money should be at once remitted. This payment wiU cease on the Cadet joining tlie Training Cruiser. Parents or Guardians will then be required to make the Cadet a private allowance of 501. a year until he reaches the rank of Sub-Lieutenant. 5. In addition to the above payments, any expenses incurred by a Cadet for clothing, sports, books, instnmients, washing, &c., as well as the allowance of Is. a week 42 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION: paid as -pocket-money, are included in the personal account sent to the Parent from tlie College as soon as possible after the end of each term. 0. All travelling expenses for Cadets are advanced by the Paymaster of the College, who will charge the sum to the Cadet's personal account. 7. Inasmuch as the Cadets have a weekly allowance paid to them as pocket-money, and a charge is made to pay the expenses attending their amusements, it is imnecessarj' that their friends should give them any money except on joining or on their return from the Vacations, and the amount should then be reasonable. Such money as may be required by a Cadet for any special circumstances will be advanced by the Paymaster under the authority of the Captain. S. Any valuable Gold Watches or Chains brought by Cadets will be taken from them and ])laced in security until the Cadets return home. Silver Watches may be used. 9. Cadets are to bring their Linen clean, and Clothes and Boots in good order, when they join the College, and also when they return from leave, and the outfit, as specified on pages 54 and 55, must be complete. A list of the clothes left behind will be sent with Cadets when they go on leave. 10. Cadets are not permitted to open accounts with Tradesmen. Parents or Guardians are requested not to allow their sons' outfitters to supply clothes or other articles without their authorisation. 11. Each Cadet on joining and on returning after the Vacations is required to produce a health certificate — signed by his Parent or Guardian not earlier than the day before the Cadet's return— to the effect that, so far as is known, he has not for at least three weeks immediately preceding his return been exposed to any infectious disease, or entered any house where such disease has existed. A certificate, drawn up in the necessary Form, is sent to each Parent, and failure on the part of the Cadet to produce this certificate, duly filled up and signed, on his return will entail his not being received. In the event of a Cadet being placed on the Sick List, information is always sent to his Parents or Guardians, who are also kept informed of the progress of the patient should the illness be in the slightest degree serious. 12. Letters relative to the Cadets should be addressed to " The Commanding Officer, Royal Naval College," or " The Commanding Officer, H.M.S ," and not to the Captain by name. Parents or Guardians of Cadets must, in all cases of permanent change of residence, communicate the same to the Admiralty and to the Commanding Officer of the College or the Cruiser without delay. 13. The course of study includes the following subjects : — Mathematics, with Geometrical Drawing. Physics and Chemistry. Mechanics and Applied Mechanics, with laboratory work. Applied Electricity, with Laboratory work. Engineering, with Avorkshop practice and Mechanical Drawing. Seamanship, with Gunnery in the Training Cruiser. Navigation. French, with German later. English Grammar and Composition. English Literature. History, including Naval History. Geography. Bible Study. Drill and Physical Training. A large proportion of the time of the Cadets is given to the practical study of Engineering in the Workshops and Instructional Steamboats attached to the Colleges, and also in the Training Cruisers. 14. In addition to the lessons which the Cadets receive in the Instructional Steamboats, they are, while in their first term at Osborne, sent out for a period of about a week in a Cruiser in order that they may acqviire an early familiarity with the actual working conditions of sea life. 15. In all subjects of instruction the principle wiU be followed of giving merit marks for current work. At the end of each term the Cadet's proficiency and progress r.NGLOSURES. 43 will be tested, partly by examination, and partly by the marks gained for current work. 16. (a) The passing-out examination of Cadets consists of two jaarts : Part I. is taken at the conclusion of the College course and Part 11. after the Cruiser training. (6) Part I. is representative of all the subjects studied at the College, with the exception of Bible study, which does not form part of the official exaiiiination, and of Seamanship, which is deferred to Part II. Marks for work done during previous terms are combined with the marks directly awarded in the examination. (c) In Part II. the subjects are arranged in two groups as follows : — A. Navigation and Science ; B. Seanianslup, Gunnery and Engineering ; an equal aggregate of marks being assigned in each group. (d) First, Second and Third Classes will be awarded in Part I. and in each group of Part II. (e) The Class obtained in passing out counts afterwards towards promotion to the rank of Sub-Lieutenant, promotion being accelerated according to the following scale : — For a First Class in Part I. - - - - - 2 months. For a Second Class in Part I. - - - - - 1 month. For a First Class in either group of Part II. - - - 1 month. For a Second Class in either group of Part II. - - - i month. The greatest amount of time that can be gained on passing out is accordingly four months. (/) The order of merit on passing out is determined by the aggregate results of both j.)arts. 17. Cadets wlio fail to attain a certain standard, or who, for any reason, are considered unsuitable for the Naval Service, may be required to withdraw at any time. This rule will apply to those who do not sho^v an aptitude for Naval life, as well as to those who make insufficient progress, or whose constitution is iveak, although no disease may have developed. 18. Cadets whose conduct is unsatisfactoi-y may at any time be required to withdraw. 19. It is to be distinctly understood that the period of training, including the time spent in the Training Cruiser, is a time of probation, and the Parent or Guardian of every Cadet is required to sign a declaration on the admission of the Cadet, to the effect that he shall be immediately withdrawn on the receipt of an official request for his withdrawal. The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty reserve to themselves full discretion to request the withdrawal of any Cadet if, after a sufficient trial, he is in their opinion for any reason unsuitable for the Naval Service. This discretion will, as a rule, be exercised at the end of the first year ; but the proficiency and progress of the Cadets will be periodically determined, and they may be required, if necessary, to withdraw at a later stage. 20. When a Cadet is found to be making insufficient progress a letter is sent to his Parent or Guardian warning him of the possibility of having to withdraw the Cadet unless a marked improvement takes place. This warning is generally issued a term in advance, to enable the Parent provisionally to make other arrangements for continuing the boy's education in case his withdrawal should become necessary. 21. Parents or ( luardians are required to declare in writing their intention that the Candidate, if lie obtains a Cadetship, shall adopt the Navy as his profession in life ; and it is subject to this undertaking that Candidates are selected for Cadetships. Every Cadet who enters the Royal Naval College must be prepared to continue his training so long as the Admiralty are satisfied with his progress, and Parents are not at liberty to withdraw their sons at wiU. In the event of the withdrawal of a Cadet from the College, or from the Royal Navy, before being confirmed as a Sub-Lieutenant the Parent or Guardian of the Cadet wiU be required to pay to the Admiralty, if demanded, the sum of 251. per term in respect of each term spent at the R.N. Colleges. Osborne and Dartmouth, from the date of his entry to the date of liis withdrawal. This does not apply in the case of Cadets withdrawn under paragraphs 17-20. By Command of their Lordships, 0. I. THOMAS. 44 OOMMIITEE UN EDrCATKlV: List oJ: Articles required lor ii Xaval Cadet under Training. 1 1 Osbiinie. Dartmouth. Training Cruiser. Remarks. Sheets . - - - . ' 6 6 Pillow cases . - - 3 3 3 Uniform jacket' 1 1 1 ., tnmsers* 1 1 1 waistcoat* - - 1 c- i> ,,, '•,,., ., ^ Miperfiiie l*laiinol-iiiie(i waisicoaL - - f 1 1 1 1 1 Uniform caps, peak h tnriieil 2 2 2 dowu* Working summer suit, lilue tweed, with two 1 1 1 prs. trousers.* Working winter suil, of special nialeiial'* 1 1 1 The materi:il of pattern jacket is to be strictly adhereil to. Loose-fitting overcoat,- — monkey jacket' 1 1 Used as overcoat at (Jsborne. and forms part of working , wiuter suit at Dartmouth. Cloth uniform monkey j:icket - - - — — 1 rniforni greatcoat* ... - 1 1 Optioual at Osliorne, as the loose-fitting monkey jacket is considered sufficient for ordinary wear. V^ liite flannel trousers (well sliinnk) 4 4 6 shirts (with collars to turn 6 6 6 clown). White (lav shirts . . 6 6 8 Collars" ' - - - - - 12 12 12 Pyjama suits - - - - 3 3 4 „ , 1 Merino - - • - - 1 Thick woollen - - - 8 1 G ( 8 8 -., _ ( Thin merino (short) ( Thick for -sriiiter (long) - 41 4( 6 6 -. ( Thin merino . - . vests - ^ ,pj^.^^ ,.^^j. ^^,.^^jg^, _ t\ 6 6 Bath towel ----- 4 4 4 Face towel - - - - 4 4 4 Sweaters (high neck) - - 2 2 3 ^Neckties (black silk of nnifonn pattern) 2 2 2 Pocket handkerchiefs - 12 12 12 White woollen gloves . - . 2 2 2 Braces - . - - . 2 2 2 Boots, strong laced, soles at least -|" thick - 3 o n Plain fronts, no toecaps.t Shoes, Oxford patent leather, with 1 1 1 ) strong soles. I 1 1 Uniform gaiters - - - Hair-brush, comb, clothes-bnisli, toothbrush, 1 1 1 nail-brush, sponge. Soiled liuen bag, with name - - - 2 2 . 2 Rug, of uniform pattern* - - 1 1 I Portmanteau, with name - - - 1 1 1 To be of following dimen- sions 2 ft. 4 in. X 1 ft. 5 in. X 1 ft. 1 in. Travelling bag, with initials 1 1 1 To be of such a size that it can be stowed inside Port- manteau when latter is empty. Key ring . . - - . 1 1 1 Overall suits . - - 2 <■) 1 1 Material supplieil by Admiralty. Waterproof coat - - - - 1 1 1 Football knickerij, jersey, boots, and 1 1 1 > Obtainable at ('ollege. stockings. Gymnastic belt - - - 1 1 1 Linen cricket hat - - - - 1 1 1 . Straw hat - - - - 1 1 1 ) Knife lanyards - - - - White canvas gymnastic shoes as ne cessary — ( Obtainable at Colleffe. 1 1 ( Brown canvas shoes, with thick rubber 1 1 1 ) soles. * A pattern can be seen at the Admiralty. t For first year at the Royal Naval College. Osborne, Cailets may wear any suitable black laced boots which they have been wearing j^rior to joiiiiug the College. ACLnSIMiES. 45 Osborne. DarlniiMiili. Chest covers - - Cap covers - - - Duck trousers Comforter - - Shoes, thick, for engine rdcmi Gloves for engine room Midshipman's sea chest i'oni[)lele Tr.iiniiig f^rniRcr. lleniai-ks. 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 Length, 3 ft. 6 ins. breadth. 2 ft. ; height, 2 ft. 3 ins. — name in full on plain hriiss plate to be attached. fJays 3. ■1. It is particularly requested that the sea chest may be at Osborne seven previous to the Cadet's joining. Note. — ]. Clothing to be distinctly marked with the Cadet's name in full. 2. Trousers to be made withiout pockets, and the two working suits lo have only one pocket on left outside breast, and one pocket inside right breast. There is no special pattern for underclothing. Government bedding will be supplied, for which a charge of Is. per month will be made. (This does not include sheets or pillow cases.) The following articles can be supplied at the Colleges if the Cadets require them : — Braces. CoUar studs. Cashmere scarves. Silk ties (imiform). ' Front studs. Bathing drawers. Tooth-brushes. Links. Cricket shoes. Tooth powder and paste. Bootlaces. Key rings. Articles supplied at the Colleges will be charged to the Cadet's personal account ; they will be charged at cost price, allowing sufficient margin to cover expense of transit only. REGL^L.vnoNS respecting Sexiants. Cadets when entering on their fifth term at Dartmouth sliould abeady have prociu-cil a Sextant in a box, such instrument being obtained by Parents ; a leather case is not necessary. Any new Sextant must be approved by the Captain of the College and must have tlic following qualifications : — 1. Strong frame and well finished in all respects : all loose fittings to be stamped with the number. 2. Radius not to be less than 6^ inches to middle of the graduation. 3. Arc distinctly cut, and to read to 10 seconds up to at least 125° on, and 5" olT, the an-, the vernier being divided three divisions to the right of the index. 4. Shades to be of neutral tint and of satisfactory densities. 0. A star telescope (not inverting images) to be provided, and an inverting telescope with two eyepieces, one of which to have a magnifying power of at least 7 diameters. The telescopes and collar to be fitted with interrupted thread. 6. Adjusting screws to mirrors to be placed in positions as little exposed as possible, preferaljly at the base of the mirrors, to be recessed so as to be moved by a squared key or screw-driver and fitted with covers. 7. Two shades for eyepieces of different intensities to be ground conical, to slip on, not screw. 8. Handle to be of good size. 9. Each Sextant must be accompanied by a Kew Certificate, Class A. 10. A button over the handle besides the usual chocks for keeping the instrument in place M^hen the lid is closed. Box to have recessed hooks for securing the lid, and a recessed handle. 11. No Sextants will be accepted in which the unsilvered portion of the horizon glass is absent, or the telescope so fitted as not to be entirely removable in one piece, and the horizon glass should have a minimum width of 1 — 1/8 inch. 46 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION : 12. The name of the owner to be on both Sextant and box. Sextants possessing the necessary qualifications can be obtained i'rom various makers. A good 6i-inch instrument can be obtained for 71. 10s. Sextants presented to Cadets which have belonged to parents or others are not required to conform rigidly to the standard, provided they are of radius not less than that prescribed and are considered suitable by the Captain of the College ; but no Sextant can be accepted unless accompanied by a Kevv Certificate, Class A. Enclosure No. 4 hi Thii'd Report nf Education Committee, dated ISth September 1912. Naval Cadets. Regulations for Entry and Training, as proposed by the Committee. 1. No nomination is i-eqnired by a Candidate for a Naval Cadetship. An appli- cation addressed to the Assistant Private Secretary to the First Lord of the Admiralty is all that is necessary. 2. Candidates must be of pure European descent, and the sons either of natural- born or naturalized British subjects. In doubtful cases the burden of clear proof will rest upon the parents or guardians of Candidates. 3. Candidates for examination in March must not be less than 1 2 j^ears and 8 months nor more than 13 years o f age on t he follovfing - - - 15th May, Do. do. July do. do. - 15th Sept., Do. do. Dec. do. do. 15th Jan. 4. Every Candidate (except Candidates -who are being educated in the Colonies, and have received special Colonial recommendations under paragraph 8) will be required to present himself before a Committee, which will interview each applicant separately. Applications should not be made until the Candidate has reached 12 years of age. The applications nmst be received at the Admiralty : — Eor the March examination before 1st January, „ „ Jidy „ „ 1st May, ,, ,, Dec. ,, ,, 1st October. Appointments to Naval Cadetships are made by the First Lord from among Candidates recommended by the Committee, and all such apx:)ointments are subject to the Candidate passing a IMedical Examination (sec paragraph 5) and a Qualifying Literary Examination in educational subjects (see paragraph G). The fact, however, of a Candidate being invited to appear before this Committee is not to be understood as in any degree implying that he will necessarily be chosen to attend the Qualifying Examination. The Interviewing Committee will sit shortly before the date lixed for each Qualifying Literary Examination. '■•'Candidates are eligible only for one Interview and Qualifying Examination. 5. Every Candidate must be in good health, and free from any physical defect of body, impediment of speech, defect of sight or hearing, and also from any predisposition to constitutional or hereditary disease or weakness of any kind, and be in all respects w^ell developed and active in proportion to his age. Before undergoing the Qualifying Examination he is required to pass the Medical Examinationaccordingto the prescribed regidations, and must be found physically fit for the Navy. It should be particularly noted that full normal vision — as determined by Snellen's tests — is required. A memorandima is issued by the Admiralty which gives details of the physical requirements of candidates. A Medical Board of Appeal has been instituted to meet cases in vvhich the Parent or Guardian of a Candidate is not satisfied with the result of the Official Medical Examination. This Appeal Board will consist of the Director General of the Medical Department of the Navy, a physician nominated by the Medical Consultative Board, and a specialist in the particular defect which caused the disqualification of the Candidate, to be selected from a list drawn up by the Consultative Board. 'Should any case ocoir wlieie a selected candidate if prevented by illness from attending the qnalifying examination, the Adiiiiialty will consider whether special arrangements can he made for hun to be examined by the Head Master of the Hoyal Naval College, Osborne, at the beginning of the ensning term. ENCLOSURES. 47 In the event of the rejection on medical grounds of a Candidate, who would otherwise have been selected for the Qiudiiying Literary- l^xanuiiation, the i'arent or Guardian wiU at once be informed that, subject to the payment of a fee of four guineas, the Candidate may present himself for re-examination by the Appeal Board, and that if an appeal is desired uotilication must be niadi^ by the Parent or Cuardian to the Director General of the Medical Department, Admiralty, within a week of tlie hrst Medical Examination. The notification must be accompanied by a cheque for four guineas made payable to the Accountant Cieneral of the Mavy. *6. The Qualifying Examination is in the following sulijects : — (1) English (including writing from tbctation and reproduction of the gist of a short passage twice read aloud to the Can(Hdates). (2) History and Geography, with special reference to tlie Britisli I'hnpire. (3) Arithmetic and Algebra (two-thirds of the questions in this paper will be on Arithmetic. The use of Algebraic symbols and processes will be allowed). Arithmetic. Tlie simple and compoimd rules, avoirdupois weight, linear and square and cubic measures, the elementary mensuration of rectangular surfaces and volumes, measure of capacity (pints, quarts, gallons), the metric system (the metre, granmie and litre, with their multiples and sub-multiples), money (including the relation- ship of the cent to the dollar, and the centime to the franc), reduction, simple proportion, factors, the addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and simplification of vulgar fractions, and non-recurring decimal fractions. Algebra. The meaning of algebraic symbols, substitution of values, easy identities, equations of the first degree including simultaneous equations, verification of the solution of equations, problems leading to simple equations. (4) Ceojuetry. The paper will consist of questions l)()th on Practical and on Theoretical Geometry. All Candidates must be provided with a ruhn- graduated in inches and tenths, and also in centimetres and millimetres, a small set square, a protractor, pencil compasses, and a hard pencil. Proofs of the validity of constructions will not as a rule be expected, but they may be asked for. No proofs of theorems will be set. Practical Geometry. Bisection of angles and straight lines, con- struction of perpendiculars to straight lines, construction of triangles with three parts given, formation of such angles as 60°, 30°, 45°, 22i-°, without the use of the protractor, construction of angles equal to a given angle, construction of squares, rectangles and parallelograms, construction i)f parallels to a given sti'aight line, division of straight lines into a nundjer of equal parts. Theoretical Geometry. Definitions of the principal terms used either in Practical or in Theoretical Geometry within the limits of the syllabus. The substance of the theorems contained in Euclid, Book L, Propositions 4-6, 8, 13-15, 26-30, 32-34, without formal proofs. Very simple deductions from these theorems. The order in w^hich the theorems are stated is not imposed as the sequence of their treatment. (5) French or German, with an oral examination to which importance will be attached. (6) Latin (easy passages for translatioji from Latin into English anel from English into Latin, and simple grammatical questions). The list of successful Candidates will be published in alphabetical order. 7. Thp Qualifying Examinations are held in March, duly, and December, and the appointments of selected Candidates date from the 15th May, 15th September, 15th January following, respectively. 8. Members of the Board of the Admiralty (other than the First Lord) have the privilege of specially recommending one Candidate each time, and the same privilege is granted to the Deputy Adjutant General, Royal Marines. *NoTE — Copies of the papers set at the examinations held in each year are printed by the Oxford and Cambriilgo Schools Examination Boanl, ami may be obtained on application to the Secretary of the Admiralty, free of charge. 48 rOMMITTEt. ON EM rAI'InN : A Flag Officer or Commodore First Class appointed to the Cliiel' Commami of a Naval Station, or to a separate command, and a Captain, K.N., on receiving his first appointment to the command of a sea-going ship other than a tender or a ship with reduced nucleus crew, is allowed to recommend specially one Candidate, provided that the privilege is exercised within six months of appointment and that the Candidate reconunended is not less than 12 years of age at the time. The Governments of certain Colonies are allowed to recommend specially (through the Secretary of State for the Colonies) a certain number of Candidates annually from among boys belonging to families resident in the Colonies. All the specially recommended Candidates (with the exception of Colonial Candi- dates actually residing out of the United Kingdom) must be also recommended by the Interviewing Committee, an.d aU such Candidates, without exception, must pass tlie Qualifying Literary Examination, and the Medical Examination. 9. Naval Cadets will undergo a course of instruction in the Shore Training Establishments for a period of four years, of which two years will be at Osborne and the remainder at Dartmouth. On passing out of the College at Dartmouth they wiU continue their training for a period on board a special Training Cruiser, and will then be sent to the sea-going fleet as Midshipmen. 10. The following are the approximate dates for the beginning and end of the three terms at the Colleges : — 16th January to 15th April, 8th May to 6th August, 19th September to 17th December. The vacations at the Colleges are as follows : — Four weeks at Christmas, Three weeks at Easter, Six weeks at Midsmnmer. 11. The fi-iends of the Cadets must be prepared to receive them during all the Vacations. 12. All Naval Cadets shall be subject to the Regulations for the time being in force respecting Cadets while at the Royal Naval Colleges at Osborne and Dartmoiith and on board the Training Cruisers. 13. For all Cadets entering under these Regulations, payment will l^e at the rate of 75L per annum for the period under training at the Colleges, to be paid in sums of 25L every term in advance to the Casbier of the Bank of England on receipt of claim fi-om the Accountant-General of the Navy. But the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty reserve the power of selecting at each Examination a certain number not exceeding 20 per cent., with respect to whom the annual payment will be 24/. only, payable in sums of 81. eveiy term in advance. A proportion of those admitted at "the reduced scale wnU be sons of Ofiicers of the Navy, Army or Marines, or of Civil Officers under the Board of Admiralty. In making the selection for this reduced scale Their Lordships will have regard to the pecuniary circumstances of the Candidate, but no ( -andidate will be admitted on the reduced scale unless he passes the Qualifying Examination with some credit. This reduction of fee will ordinarily extend thr-oughout the courses at the College subject to good conduct and satisfactory progress. An application for the reduced scale, if made, shovdd accompany that referred to in paragraph 1, and should be received at the Admiralty : — For the March examination before 1st January, Jnly „ „ 1st May, December „ ,, 1st October. Claims will be made upon the Parents or Guardians by the Accountant-General of the Navy for the sums payable as they become due, and the money should be at once remitted. 14. In addition to the above payments, any expenses incurred by a Cadet for clothing, sports, books, instruments, washing, &c., as well as the allowance of Is. a week paid as pocket money, are included in the personal accoiint sent to the parent fi-om the College as soon as possible after the end of each term. 15. No pay is allowed by Government to the Cadets in the Colleges, except in tlie case of Cadet Captains, who receive a smaU weekly allowance. The pay of Cadets in the Training Cruisers is Is. a day, and that of jMidshij^men is Is. 9f?. a day. KXCLOSUKES. 40 16. Tlu! I\'i's sptH-ilird ill |);ir;i,i;Tai)li I.') will cease on llieCailel joining tlie 'JVaiiiiiig CiHiiser. Parents or Guardiiins will ilieii l)e re(iiiireil l.o make the Cadet a private allowance oi' 50/. a year until lie rea.elies the rank of Acting Siib-Liont(>nunt, and thereafter a private allowance of 20/. a year tor as long as he remains an Acting Suh- Lieutenant witli pay at the rate of 3^-. 'J(/. a day. 17. The parent oi- guardian of evi-iy Cadet is required to provide outlit under the regidations in force. IS. All travelling expenses For ( 'adets are advanced l)y llie Paymaster of the College, who will charge the sum to the Cadet's personal account. 19. Inasmuch as the Cadets liave a weekly allowance paid lo them as pocket money, and a charge is made to pay the expenses attending tlieir ainusements, it is unnecessary that their friends should give them any money, except on joining or on their return from the Vacations, and the amount shoidd then he reasoual)le. Such money as may be required by a Cadet for any special circumstance will be advanced by the Paymaster under the authority of the Captain. 20. Any valuable Cold Watches or Chains bi'ouglit by the Cadets to the; Colleges will be taken from them and placed in security imtil the Cadets return home. Silver Watches may be used. 21. Arrangements are made for the conveyance from Portsmouth to Osborne of the Cadets ^vho are joining the College for the first time. Such Cadets should assemble at the Dockyard Gates (near Portsmouth Harbour Station) shortly before o p.m. on the day appointed for joining. Cadets rejoining the College will be (Expected to make their own arrangements for doing so. o 22. Cadets are to luring their Linen clean, and Clothes and Poots in gooil order, when they join the College, and also when they return from leave, and the outfit, as specified on pages 60 and 61, must be complete. A list of the clothes left behind will be sent with Cadets when they go on leave. 23. Cadets are not permitted to open accounts with 'Iradesmen. Parents or Guardians are requested not to allow their sons' outfitters to supply clothes or other articles ^vithout their authorisation. 24. Each Cadet on joining and on returning after the Vacations is re([uired to produce a health certihcate — signed Ijy his Parent or Guardian not earlier than tlie day before the (Jadct's return —to the effect that so far as is known, he has not for at least three weeks immediately preceding his return l)een exposed to any infectious disease, or entered any house where such disease had existed. A certificate, drawn up in the necessary form, is sent to each parent, and failure on the part of the cadet to produce this certificate, duly filled up and signed, on his return will entail his not being received. In the event of a Cadet being placed on the Sick Pist informat ion is always sent to his Parents or Guardians, who are also kept infoJined of the progress of the j)atient should the iUnessbe in the slightest degree serious. 25. Letters relative to the Cadets should be addressed to " The Commanding Officer, Royal }< aval College "' or " The Commanding Oificer, H.M.S ," and not to the Captain by name. Parents or Guardians of Cadets must, in all cases of permanent change of residence, communicate the same to the Admiralty and to the Commanding Oificer of the College or the Cruiser without delay. 26. The course of study includes the following subjects : — Mathematics, with Geometrical Drawing. Physics and Chemistry. Mechanics and Applied Mechanics, with laboratory work. Applied Electricity, with laboratory work. Engineering, with workshoj) practice, and Mechanical Drawing. Seamanship, with Gunnery in the Training Cruiser. Navigation. French or German. English Granmaar and Composition. English Literature. History, including Naval History. Geography. Bible Study. Drill and Physical Training. r; iL'iiiKi I* 50 (XIMMIITEE ON KDUC'ATION : A large pmport'iou of tlie time oi the Cadets is given to the practical study ui Engineering in the Workshops and Instructional Steamboats attached to the Colleges and also in the Training Cruisers. 27. In all subjects of instruction the principle will be followed o£ giving merit marks for current vpork. At the end of each term the Cadet's proficiency and progress will be tested, partly by examination, and partly by the marks gained for current work. 28. The passing-out examination of Cadets is repi-esentative of all subjects studied at the College, with the exception of Bible Study, whicli does not form part of llie oHicial examination. Marks for work done during previous terms are combined with the marks directly awarded in the examination. First, Second and Third Classes will be awarded, the class obtained in passing- out counts afterwards towards promotion to the rank of Sub-Lieu tenant, promotion being accelerated according to the following scale : — - For a First Class - - - - 2 moutlis. For a Second Class - - - - 1 month. The greatest amount of time that can be gained on passing out is accordingly two months. 29. Cadets may be required to withdraw at any time, if in the opinion of the Lords Conmiissioners of the Admiralty : — (1) They fail to obtain a satisfactory standard, or (2) Their conduct is unsatisfactory, or (3) They are for any reason unsuitable for the Xaval Service. 30. It is to be distinctly understood that the period of training, including the time spent in the Training Cruiser, is a time of probation, and the Parent or Guardian of everjr Cadet is required to sign a declaration on the admission of a Cadet to the effect that he shall be iimnediately withdrawn on the receipt of an official request for his withdrawal, 31. When a Cadet is found to be making insufficient progress a letter is sent to his Parent or Guardian warning him of the possibility of having to withdraw the Cadet unless a marked improvenjent takes place. This warning is generally issued a term in advance, to enable the Parent provisionally to make other arrangements for continuing the boy's education in case his withdrawal should become necessary. 32. Parents or guardians are required to declare in writing their intention tliat the Candidate, if he obtains a Cadetship, shall adojot the Navy as his profession in life ; and it is subject to this undertaking that Candidates are selected for Cadet- ships. Every Cadet who enters the Royal Naval College must therefore be prepared to continue his training so long as the Admiralty are satisfied with his progress, and parents are not at liberty to withdraw their sons at will. On the entry of a Cadet, Parents or Guardians will be required to undertake that, in the event of .his withdrawing or being withdrawn from the College, or from the Navy before being confirmed as Sub-Lieutenant, they will pay to the Admiralty, if demanded, the smu of 25/. in respect of each term passed by him at the Royal Naval Colleges, Osborne and Dartmouth, from the date of his entry to the date of his withdrawal, as a contribution towards the balance of the cost of his training and maintenance not covered by the annual payments mentioned in paragraph 13. This undertaking does not apply to Cadets withdrawn at the request of the Admiralty. 33. Those Officers who, after reaching Commissioned rank, specialize in Naviga- tion, Gunnery, Torpedo or Engineering will be selected from Volunteers. List of Articles required for a Naval Cadet under Training. Osborne. ri i. n. Training Dartmouth. ^^.^J Uemaib Sheets - . . Pillow oases . . . . Uniform jacket* - - -| trousers* - - l c tx „ wsistooat - I ^ Flanuel-lined waistcoat* - J 6 I 6 3 ' 8 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 , — * A pat lorn can be .seen at the Adniiralt} . ENCLOSURES. 51 Oslinrin'. I Duitiiiiiutli. Tiainiiig Cruiser. Krmarks. ipeifiric Uiiil'orm I'Mjis, [Tciilv J, tiirhcil ; Woiki'i-r .■iimilner suit, ))lur tweed, with two pis. trousers.* Workiiiir winter suit, of siiei-ial luati'riaP Loose-fittiiii,' overcoat, — monkey jacket* ('lolji uuil'orni moiiki'v jaekel l.'iiil'oriu "■rcatcoat' \A'iiite Haniiel trousers (well slirunk) shirts (witii collars to turn dowuV \Nhite day shirts - - . . Collars* - - . . . Pyjania suits - . . . Merino - - - - Thick woollen - - . Thin merino (short) Thick for winter (long) - Thin merino ... Thick for winter Bath towel ..... Face towel - - . - . Sweaters (high neck) ... Neckties (black silk of uniform pattern) Pocket handkerchiefs ... White woollen gloves ... Braces - - . . . Boots, strong laced, soles at least |" thick . (Shoes, Oxford patent leather, with strong soles. Socks . Drawers- Vests Uniform gaiters - - - . Hair-brush, comb, clothes-brush, tooth-brush, nail-brush, sponge. Soiled linen bag, with name Kug. of imiform |iattern* Portmanteau, with name . - . Travelling bag, with initials Key ring ..... Overall suits . - . - Waterproof coat . - . . Football knickeis, jersey, boots, and stockings. Gymnastic belt .... Linen cricket hat . . . - Straw hat - - - . - Knife lanyards .... White canvas gymnastic shoes Brown canvas shoes, with thick rubber soles. Sea chest covers .... Ca]) covers . - - - . Duck trousers .... Comforter - - . - . Shoes, thick, for engine room (tIovbs for engine room . . - Midshipman's sea chest complete 4 6 6 12 3 4 1 2 2 12 2 2 3 6 12 3 8 (i i 2 2 12 2 2 •> as necessarv (i () 8 12 4 The material of pattern jacket is to be stri<-tly adhe."ed to. Used as overcoat at Osborne and forms part of working winter suit at Dartmouth. Optional at Osborne, as the loose-fitting monkey jacket is considered sutticient for ordinarv wear. Plain fronts, no toecaps.f I 1 1 I I J ) To be 'if following dimen- sions : 2 ft. 4 in. x 1 ft. ,'j in. X 1 ft. 1 in. To be of such a size that it can be stowed inside F'ort- manteau when latter is empty. Material supplieil by Ad- miralty. Obtainable at College. Obtainable at College. Length, ■'! ft. 6 in». : breadth, 2 ft. ; height, 2 ft. 3 ins. — name in full on plain brass phito to be attached. ' A pattern can be seen at the Admiralty. t For first year at the Royal Naval College, Osborne. Cadets may wear any suitable black laced boots which they have been wearing prior to joining the College. 52 CiiMMniKE ON ICinCMiON : It is p;irticiilarlj^ requested tlial llie sea eliest may l)e at Osl)orne seven days previous to the Cadets joining. Xotc. — 1. Clothing to be distinctly marked with the Cadet's name in full. 2. Trousers to be made without pockets, and the two working suits to have only one pocket on left outside breast, and one pocket inside right breast. 3. There is no special pattern for underclothing. 4. Government bedding Avill be supplied, for which a charge of Ls. a month Avill be made. (This does not include sheets or pillow cases.) The following articles can be supplied at the Colleges if the Cadets reqiure them :- — Braces. Links. Silk ties (uniform). Bootlaces. Tooth-brushes. Cashmere scarves. Tooth powder and paste. Bathing drawers. Collar studs. Cricket shoes. Front studs. Key rings. Articles supplied at the Colleges will be charged to the Cadet's personal account ; they will be charged at cost price, allowing sufficient margin to cover expense of transit only. Regulations respecting Sextants. Cadets when entering on their fifth term at Dartmouth should already have procured a Sextant in a box, such instrument being obtained by Parents ; a leather case is not necessary. Any new Sextant must be approved by the Captain of the College and must have the following qualifications : — 1. Strong frame and well finished in all respects : all loose fittings to be stamped with the number. 2. Radius not to be less than G^ inches to middle of the graduation. o. Arc distinctly cut, and to read to 10 seconds up to at least 125° on, and 5° off, the arc, the vernier being divided three divisions to the right of the index. 4. Shades to be of neutral tint and of satisfactory densities. 5. A star telescope (not inverting images) to be provided, and an inverting telescope with two eyepieces, one of which to have a magnifying power of at least 7 diameters. The telescopes and collar to be fitted with interrupted thread. G. Adjusting screAvs to mirrors to be placed in positions as little exposed as possible, preferably at the base of the mirrors, to be recessed so as to be moved by a squared key or screw-driver and fitted with covers. 7. Two shades for eyepieces of different intensities to be ground conical, to slip on, not screw. S. Handle to be of good size. 1) Each Sextant must be accompanied l)y a Kew Certificate, Class A. 10. A button over the handle besides the usual chocks for keeping the instrument in place when the lid is closed. Box to have recessed hooks for securing the lid, and a recessed handle. 11. No Sextants will be accepted in which the unsilvered portion of the horizon glass is absent, or the telescope so fitted as not to be entirely removal )l(i in one piece, and the horizon glass should have a minimum width of 1—1/8 inch. 12. The name of the owner to be on both Sextant and box. Sextants possessing the necessary (|ualifications can be obtained frojii various makers. A good 6i-inch iustrmnent can be obtained for 71. 10s. Sextants presented to Cadets whicl) have belonged to Parents or others are not required to conform rigidly to the standard, provided they are of radius not less than that prescribed and are considered suitable by the Captain of the College ; but no Sextant can be accepted imless accompanied by a Ivew Certificate, Class A. KNf'LOsriiKS. ;).■', ]']iirli}!iiirc No. •') ill Tlnnl /t'c/zny/ of I'M iiciil inn (Ji})nii>itlcc, lUilcd I'.Uli Sriilcnihcr I'.Ml' RkGULATIONS Folt TIIF. EnTIIY INTO THK R.N. Coi.LKGK AT iJAIiTMiiUTII OK Cadets fiiom thk "Conway." Now in force. 1. Six nominations to Cadetships in the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, will Ue granted annually to the " Conwaj^ " training ship of the Mercantile Marine. 2. Shortly before the end of each Term, the Committee of the Conway may nominate two Cadets from their training ship, lor admission to the Colle>4e ns Cadets of the Royal Navy, subject to their passing a qualifying examination and satisfying the conditions specified below. Each Cadet so nominated will be required to pass an examination showing that he has reached the same general standard of training as is reached by Naval C!adets on leaving the Royal Naval College, Osborne. 3. The Examination will be conducted near tlie end of each Term, at the Royal Naval College, Osborne, and will include tests in practical Icnowledge of the use of tools and workshop processes as well as papers on the subjects dealt with in ihe Osborne curriculum. The Candidates, if successful, will be admitted to the Roj'al Naval College, Dartmouth, from the beginning of the Term in January, Afay, or September following the examination. 4. Each Candidate mtist possess the following qualiKcations — (a) He must be of very good character and conduct, and in all respects fit for entry into H.M. Navy. (/)) lie must be not less than 14 years 8 months, nor more than 1") years old on the 15th Januaiy, loth May, or loth Septend^er following the examination. (c) He must have served in the training ship 2 years, i.e., G terms, there being 3 terms a year. ((?) He must have spent not less than one-fourth (or the equivalent of (J months) of his 2 years' service in practical mechanical work under conditions satisfactory to the Admiralty. (e) Before attending the Qualifying Examination he must pass the Medical Examination for the Navy, according to the prescribed regulations. 5. The following certificates must be forwarded at the time the Candidates are nominated — (a) Certificate of birth. (h) ,, conduct. {(■) ,, ability to swdm. (d) ,, time served in training ship. (e) „ time spent in practical mechanical work, with particulars of training. The name and address of the Parent or Guardian must also be supplied. 6. The regulations as to the provision by Parents or Guardians of the outfit, the annual contribution of 75?. per annum while the Cadet is at Dartmouth, and the private allowance after passing out, will be the same as those with res])ect to other Naval Cadets. 7. Cadets entering under these regulations will be subject in all respects to the same discipline and conditions of service as other Cadets during their period of training at the R.N. College, Dartmouth, and will be liable to removal for the same causes. On passing out, they will l)e treated in the same manner as the other Cadets, and will rank according to the time gained and their position on the list. Nofr'.— Application for entry in the " Conway " should be made to the Commanding Officer, School Ship " Conway," Rock Ferry, Cheshire. By command of Their Lordships, Admiralty, ^ C. I. THOMAS. December, 1908. D :{ 54 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATIOK : Enctusiwe No. 7 in Third Report of Education Committee, dated I'ith Scpteiiiher 1912. Royal Naval College, Osborue, I.W., 9th July 1912. Average Cost per Annum of One Cadet to his Parents. £ s. d. Fees per annum as laid down (251. per term) - - - 75 (J Personal expenses (average taken for all Cadets of last three terras) 16 5 Pocket money (36 weeks at Is. per week) - - - - I 16 Total (cost of travelling in addition) - - - 93 1 Details of Personal Expenditure. £ s. d. Average washing bill per annum - - - - - 3 10 Haircutting (Is. 4d. per term) - - - - -040 Use of bedding (4s. per term) - - - - -0 12 Stationery supplied (average per annum) - - - - 12 Repair of clothing (average per annum), about - - - 15 Bootmaker (actual expenses). Travelling (actual expenses). Instruments, School books, &c. (average per annum) - - 2 15 Cadets' Store, articles supplied from (average per annum) - 3 5 Postage, telegram, &c. per annum about - - - - 4 Pocket money (Is. per week, 36 weeks) - - - - 1 16 Sports contributions (not to exceed 10s. per term). Present rate 6s. 18 Optional Items : — Dancing, 25s. per term, for two terms. encmg > ^^^^ g^ lesson. Boxing ) ^ Music (either piano or violin), 36s. 6d. per term. I believe this to be approximately correct and complete. Horace Hood, Captain, R.N. Enclosure No. 8 in Third Report of Education Committee, dated \3tli Sepfrmbe)' 1912 C.E. 11845. Admiralty, SiR, ^ 2nd April 1912. With reference to Admiralty Letter C.W. 11589 of the 26th March, relative to the appointment of a Committee to inquire into the education and training of Cadets, Midshipmen, and Junior Otficers of H.M. Fleet, I am &c. to state that they would be much obliged if the Board of Education could arrange for a selected body of Inspectors to carry out a fiJl inspection of the Royal Naval Colleges at Osborne and Dartmouth with a view to placing before the Committee, for their confidential information, a report on the curriculum and system of instruction obtaining in these institutions, and, generally, on their educational efficiency. The suitalnlity or other- wise of the College buildings, and the discipline of the Colleges, would lie outside the scope of the inspection. My Lords would suggest that it would be convenient if the proposed inspection could be carried out about the end of May. I am, Sir, your obedient Servant, The Secretary, Board of Education. W. Graham Greene. ENCLOSURES. 55 J'J I) closure No. 9 in 'Hurd Report of l'Jducat'io)i Committee, dated lotli September 1911*. BOAKl) OF EDlCAriO.N. VVIlITlillALL, LONDON, S.W. REPORT OF AN INSPECTION OF THE ROYAL NAVAL COLLEGE, OSBORNE, HELD ON THK 21st, 22nd, 23rd and 24th May 1912, AND OF AN INSPECTION OF THK EOYAL NAVAL COLLEGE, DARTMOUTEI, HELD ON THE 27th, 28th, 29th and 30th May 1912. Inspectors. Mb. G. a. BAXANDALL, H..\LT. Ma S. F. DUFTON, H.M.I. Mr W. C. FLETCHER, H.M.I. Mr. J. W. HEADLAM, H.M.I. Mr. D. a. MACNAUGHTON, H.M.I. Mr. J. A. McMlCHAEL, H.M.I. Mr. a. SCHWARTZ, H.M.I. Mr. F. SPENCER, H.M.I. Mr. F. B. stead, H.M.I. Mr. G. WTNTHROP YOUNG, H.M.I. (Note. — It has been found possible to cany out the majority oi the recommeudations contained in the Report of these Inspections.) of) OOMMITTEE ON EDUCATION : Osborne : Royal Naval College. Dartmouth: Roval Naval College. Introduction, 'J'he present system of educating and training Naval Officers commenced with the entry of a first batch of cadets to Osborne in September 1903. Previous to this, future military and engineer officers had received quite different training and formed separate branches of the Service. Both alike entered by com- petitive examination, but while the former spent 12 or 15 months on the " Britannia " studying chicflj' Navigation and Mathematics and went to sea at about 17, the latter learnt Engineering at Keyham for foxir years or more and did not go to sea till they were over 19. . Inasmuch as the use of machinery had become an essential part of every officer's work, and it was further held that the separation of the two branches had in itself undesirable results, it was decided that henceforward they should be amalgamated and receive a common education. A lirst condition therefore of the work to be done at the Colleges was that it should prepare boys to l)e (up to a certain point) engineers as well as navigators. It was further held that the age of going to sea must not be greatly raised ; school education therefore ceases at 17. To get through the necessary special work without total neglect of general education seemed to require four years ; the age of entry is consequently 13 (more exactly between 12 "8 and 13"() on the 15th of January, May, or September). At such an age competitive examination was held undesirable and was discarded. Candidates for admission appear l^efore a special lntei"view Committee, which classifies them according to its judgment of their relative fitness and reports to the First Lord, wdio selects a suitable number. Those selected take a qualifying examination (conducted by the Oxford and Cambridge Examination Board) and, if successful, enter the College at Osborne as cadets. After two years at Osborne tliey proceed to Dartmouth for another two years. Entry takes place three times a year, and each " term " of 60 to 80 cadets remains as a unit throughout the College course. Alter their four years, accordingly, all the cadets of each " term " pass out together ; under present arrangements they then go in a body to a cruiser for eight months (reduced to six by "leave ") for further teclinical atid professional instruction before actually going to sea in the fleet as midshipmen. A boy may drop a term on account of illness or lack of success in his work. In vei-y rare cases boys have been advanced a term. It was provided to meet the obvious risks of the method of selection that boys who proved unsuitable or unequal to the work sliould be dropped altogether. It has not been foiind easy to carry this intention into effect, and the amount of " weeding " has not been large and has tended tb decrease. For the first ten entries it exceeded 10 per cent., for the second ten it was l^arely 5. Further, the number of candidates I'or admission has not been as large as was hoped, and it has resulted that while a fair iiiuuber of i-eally able cadets has been obtained, the range in each term is very wide, the ability of a considerable number is not high, and in a sniall proportion of cases is distinctly low. Each College is Tinder the command of a ca]itain with a full naval^ staff' under him, VIZ , a commander, five or six lieutenants and a captain of marines ; engineer commander and lieutenaats; cha]>Iaiii, surgeons, paymasters, warrant officers, ai'tificers, &c. Upon the naval staff rests the whole discipline of the College outside the " studies " (i.e., classrooms), each term being under the command of a lieutenant. Upon them lalls also the instruction in seamanship and gymnastics and upon the engineers that in engineering. Staff. The professorial staff at each College is under the control of a Head Master, who lias under him a nmnber of "Heads of Departments " -Mathematics, Science, History and linglisli, Modern Languages at both Colleges, Geography at Osborne, Navigation at Dartinoutli. There are, besides, certain Senior Masters, ten at Osborne, eight al EN0U1SURICS. m DartMKiuth, .•mil a variahlc niimhcr nl' Assistant .Masters, not excct'diiif;- 20 at Uslxiruf, ur 17 at DartiiKmth. The actual luimbei-s oi' Masters (iucluding the Naval lustructors) ill addition to the Head Masters are 34 at Osborne, -UJ at Dartinoiitli. Fortlie numbers ol' cadets (430 and 410) this is a slightly more ,i;enerous allowance than is usual at schools, but as will appear below, the conditions of work at the Colleges arc in many respects unusual, and nothing but a large stall' would sullice. As a whole, tlie stall at <>acli College is extremely competent. In some subjects it has been ditlieidt or impossible to secure men with high academic qualificatious, but even in these cases the Head Masters have been fortunate and skilful in obtaining men whose real value is much beyond that indicated by their academic career. The Heads of Departments render most valuable service, the work in each sidjject being generally well arranged and co-oi'dinated throughout. It is rare to iind a school in which the problem of the curriculum, always a dilHcult one, has been so carel'ully considered and reconsidered as in the Colleges, and great credit is due to the Head Masters and to their staffs for the thought they have expended on it, both in its larger outlines (for which, of cours(% they are not mainly responsii)]e) and in its details. In actual teaching skill the general average is high ; there are several brilliant teachers and few poor ones. Each man's teaching hours are reasonable and leave time Ijoth for real preparation (here even more necessary than in an ordinary school) and for adequate correction of written work. Men naturally vary in the use they make of these advantages, but the majority utilise them to the full. In so far as teacliing is given by Naval Cflicers, there is inevitably a certain loss, owing to the frequent changes characteristic of the Service ; teaching skill is not acquired in a moment, and a man has hardly time tn learn how best to do his work before he has to leave. Some loss also necessarily results from the separation of the two Colleges. Provision is made for intercourse between the two staffs, but the two Colleges are so far apart that in practice there is not as much as is desirable. Instances of this will appear in the reports on Modern Languages and History. Curriculum and Organisation. The hours of work, including preparation and a period of Religious Instruction on Sundays, are 38| per week at Osborne, 43f at Dartmouth. These are slightly more than the regular hours of work at schools for boys of corresponding ages, Ijut nearly one-fourth of the time is devoted to Engineering, mainly to practical work. Mathe- matics (including Navigation) gets nearly another fourth ; Science and the ^Modern Language each about one-eighth ; History, English, and Religious Instruction one-sixth ; Seamanship and Gymnastics account for the rest. In judging this curriculum it must be remembered that not only Avill all the cadets have to make themselves efficient navigators and watch-keeping engineers, but also that man J' of them later on will specialise in Navigation, Engineering, Gunnerj', or Torpedo, and that all these specialists will require a sound working knowledge iif ]\Iathematics or Science or both. For these a curriculum lieavily biassed in the direction of Science and Mathematics is essential ; for the others who will not specialise a different curriculum is conceivable, but even if the future specialists could be separated from the others at an early stage, there would probably be on the wholi' more loss than gain in providing different curricula for the two classes. An occasional boy is indeed found who, while doing badly in Science and Mathematics, shows real ability in other directions. For such boys the curriculum of the Colleges is clearly not the best, but they seem to be rare, and for most of the cadets the actual curriculum probably provides as good a chance of mental development as any other. The claims of these technical or quasi-technical subjects being so large, the time available for humane studies is small, and therefore demands th(^ more careful use. It is clearly hardly possible to deal adequately with more than one foreign language, and an arrangement which allowed a section of the cadets to take up a second during the last two years of their course is being wisely tliscontinued in the light oi experience. Half the cadets take French, half German ; in both cases the aim is mainly utilitarian, and relatively little stress is accordingly laid on the literary aspect of modern language study. The main burden of representing the humanities therefore falls on the Lnglish and History. The whole tiuie available for these two subjects, including preparation, is less than six hours per week. This is dangerously little, and clearlj- ought not to be reduced. On the other hand, the vital importance of a good use of this meagre time has been recognised, and while It would l>e unreasonabh' to compare 58 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION : the literary training- provided witli that given on tlie classical side di' a good school, it is probable tliat this recognition of the responsible position of History and English leads to better results than nnich of the traditional language teaching which so frequently falls to carry the pupil beyond the merely disciplinary stage. With a curriculum so different from that in ordinary schools, it was, of course, difficult at the outset to draw up a detailed syEabus of the work to be done in the foui' years. The original syllabus, perhaps deliberately, to signalise the new departure, was drawn on somewhat ambitious lines ; but it has been subjected to constant revision and reduction in the light of experience. Even now, as read by an outsider, it might appear to prescribe in certain directions a greater amount of work than the ordinary boy can be expected to master in the short time available, but its interpretation in practice does not seem to justify this apprehension to any serious extent. At the same time, the great danger to Avhich the CoDeges are exposed is the attempt to do too much in too short a time, or what comes to much the same thing, to attempt to exact practically the same work from all cadets irrespective of their various abilities. It is true that within each " term " there is adequate subdivision into classes (normally four at Dartmouth, four to six at Osborne) and that the different classes in each term do not always, e.g., in Mathematics or the Modern Language, attempt quite the same work ; but the very proper desire to keep the chance always open to a cadet of sometime getting into a higher class has been a serious check iipon letting each class go at its own natural rate. In all classes the pressure to get tlu'ough the syllabus is more or less felt, and there is a constant danger of its driving the Masters, against their own better judgment, to teach too much and to leave boys too little chance of discovering and developing their own powers. Further, boys are kept very l:)usy in one way and another outside the appointed hours of work, and there is therefore the less opportunity — so necessary for the fiill development especially of the abler boys — for individual reflection and study round the subjects actually treated in school hours. Details as to the actual achievement in the various subjects will be found in the ensuing subject reports, but briefly it may be said here that the general impression is one of high efiiciency ; that the best ^vork is very good, and that though there is a " tail," it is much smaller than would be found in most schools. Each "term" is divided into two watches, the starboard watch being the more advanced at Osborne the port at Dartmouth. Each watch is further divided for most school-work into two, three, or four sections, so that classes are small (from 10 to 18, chiefly about 14). Each " term " is separately classified for each subject, so that good grading is possible. This system (which is quite essential to success) is rendered possible by the size of the Colleges, the uniformity of the curriculum, and by the fact that the number and qualifications of the staff are such as to enable all the work in each subject to be taken by competent men. There are regular internal examinations at each College, which are conducted with great care, the reports written on each set of ]iapers forming a useful permanent record as well as being serviceable for immediate criticism. At the end of the whole course there is an External Examination. This, together with the term marks at Dartmouth (but not at Osborne), decides the order of passing- out. On this an allowance of time is made to the more successful cadets, which accelerates their promotion to lieutenant by one or two months. Although the final examination is in the hands of external examiners, great care is taken that it shall be si;itable and that it shall not direct, but be directed by, the actual teaching. All the papers are submitted to the Head Master, who communicates his criticisms to the examiner. They are then sent on with the examiner's final draft of the paper to the Director of Naval Education. Subjects of Teaching. , English and History. The teaching of English and History is on quite a different footing from the rest of the work of the Colleges. It is the object of the hours devoted to these subjects to provide that general education which is especially necessary, as the cadets enter at so young an age. More particularly, the object may be defined as (1) to give the necessary practice in writing and speaking English ; (2) to give the power of reading and using books ; (3) by the study of suitable Avorks in literature and history to give that general acquaintance Avith the ideas and thoughts of mankind which is necessarj- to enable naval officers to take their place among the educated and cultured members of other professions. Some work of this kind is so obviously necessary as to need no justification. ENCLOSURES. 59 The time allotted is the very luinimum which can be considered in any way sufficient. Small as it is, it can, however, be made to suffice, if the work is really well done and the time properly used. To a very large c^xtent this is the case, partly on account of the efficienc'y of the staff, partly because of the small size of the classes which contributes greatly to the effectiveness of the teaching ; and, excluding some of the weaker cadets, the majority on leaving College give, by their attainments, clear evidence that the work is successful in attaining its object. In both Colleges definite responsibility for organising courses and methods, and for supervising the v.-ork of their colleagues, is assigned to the Heads of the English and History Departments. These are in botli cases experienced teachers and good organisers, and they have been successful in reconciling conunon aims on general principles with lliat freedom of detailed treatment which is essential to stimulating teaching in these subjects. The staff' of both Colleges is in general well selected and highly efficient ; the Masters are further most conscientious and energetic in their revision of written work and in the preparation of lessons. There are few schools in which the course of instruction has been so carefully worked out, and in which there is such harmonious co-operation between the different members of the staff". English. (a) Osborne. English occupies a subordinate place in the curriculum, and the time assigned to it is unusually short. Including a Sunday period devoted to general reading of English authors, the total amount of time allowed for the subject varies from 2| hours a week in the four lowest " terms " to li- hours a week in the Fifth and Sixth, together with half an hour's preparation once a fortnight. The special circimistances of the College may justifj' the adequacy of this allowance in the lowest " terms," but the reduction of time in the higher " terms " appears to be inconsistent with the importance of a thorough training in the mother-tongue, and of its bearing on the intelligent pursuit of other studies. The course includes two elements which are sharply distinguished : — (1) Formal training in orthography, sentence construction, and the elements of English composition. {'2) General i-eading of English poetry and jjrose from the point of vicAv of literary interest. Here the recreative character of the work is deliber- ate!}' emphasised, and the object is to inspire a taste for good literatui-e. The formal work is skilfully planned, and is carried out on the whole with much vigour and success. Formal grammar is reduced to a minimum. In this respect, however, there appears to be some need of differentiating between the highest and lowest sets of the first " term " on account of the great difference in the knowledge of fundamental notions of English grammar with which they enter the College, and it is suggested that a simple scheme as a ground-work for accurate writing should be devised for the latter in the first term. In the teaching of composition the value of clear and complete oral answers is properly emphasised. The importance of this training cannot be overestimated, and its necessity is the more conspicuous in view of the very loose habits of speech and writing which the cadets show at the time of their admission. It was noted that, with one marked exception, the staff' realised the necessity of themselves setting a good example of idiomatic English to their pupils. The written work, though it has many excellent features, suffers on account of its complete dissociation from the general prose reading. Useful exercises in re]n-oduc- tion and paragraph construction are frequently set, but the essays on current topics are sometimes too difficult, and demand powers of generalisation inconsistent with the age and attainments of young pupils. In this connection it is felt that considei'able benefit woiild be derived from the introduction of selections from good narrative prose, which would naturally suggest suitable subjects for composition and serve as good models for imitation. The revision of the composition exercises is conducted with gi-eat discrimination and care. It is suggested, however, that the cadets should be regularly renuired to correct their mistakes, and that the time in which this is done shoidd be utilised by the masters for individual criticism. For general reading in English literature a series of well-selected texts in prose and verse is prescribed for Sunday reading. A school collection of English poems no ooMMirrEE ON EDrcATiox : 13 reo'ularly used iu the class-room loi- tlio purpose ul reading and discussion, and forms the basis of many useful lessons, hut the cadets are not required to learn l)y heart or to recite any English poetry. (b) DaHmouth. More prominence is given throughout this College to the teaching of English, and a more generous apportionment of time, amounting to two hours a week and one hour's preparation a fortnight, is allowed for the subject. The system of departmental supervision by the responsible Master is the more necessary and beneficial in this case, inasmuch as there is a larger proportion, of young- and inexperienced jMasters, and the qualifications of the staff are stronger on the historical than on the literary side. The course of literature is one of considerable range and variety. Though some of the narrative prose Avorks appear to be rather too elementary in character for this stage, the eo^u•se as a whole is well-graded and judiciously selected. In prose, the prominence given to Macaulay's historical essays is justified both by their intrinsic interest and by the cadets' knowledge of general European History, to which they form a valuable supplement. In a(klition to these, good models of literary style are provided iu selections from Addison, Gibbon, Burke, and Lamb ; and, in verse, several Shakespeare plays are included, as well as selections from the poetry of Goldsmitli, AA'ordsworth, and Tennyson. This coui-se is designed for general reading, not for intensive study, and its oliject is to encourage the habit of reading- good literature. In contrast with the Osborne scheme, the Dartmouth syllabus lays definite stress on learning by heart and reciting English poetry, both on grounds of literary taste, and with a view to storing the mind, and giving it an unfailing source of pleasure. An interesting experiment, recently instituted and deserving success, is the introduction of some translations from the Greek to supplement the course of English Literature. Composition is taught in accordance with a systematic scheme, which includes the structure of the sentence and paragraph, precis writing, letter writing, and exercises in continuous composition, essays, &c. Much ingenuity is shown in devising suitable exercises of a practical kind — possibly even too much of the available time is given to rather artificial exercises of this type — but in some cases the selection of essay subjects is not very hapjDy. Insufficient use appears to be made of the cadets' general reading to supply subjects for composition. This could well be done without sacrifice of interest ; it shoidd, in fact, increase the interest of the books they read by stimulating independent thought on the subjects with which they deal, and result in a more intelligent appreciation of their content and style. As a whole the work appears to be singularly successful in teaching the cadets to express themselves in clear and vigorous English, and in inspiring them with a taste for reading. To this end the excellent reference library contributes, and the practice of setting the older cadets to conduct investigations involving the use of books of reference provides a most valuable training. In intelligence and in the range of their general information the more capable sets compare very favourably with most boys of similar age who have been edncated in Public Schools. History, (a) Osborne. The course of work iu History consists of two sectioiis : (1) English and Foreign, (2) Naval history. There are each Aveek three lessons of three-quarters of an hour. (1) English and Foreign. — The general object of this course is to give a general outline of the History of England with a parallel study of the principal movements and episodes in European history. The idea of this is excellent,' and while it is specially suitable to the education of the cadets, it is in some ways superior to the more specialised work in Enghsh history, which is all that is to be fonnd in most schools for boys of this age. In order to cover so large a field, it is necessary to concentrate the attention on a limited nmnber of carefidly chosen points, and for yonng boys there mnst be a clear and gi-aphic presentation of the episodes. In most cases this is recognised and much teaching of very unusual vigour and interest was heard. In some classes the danger was not entirely avoided of laying too much stress on broad generalisations which were beyond the comprehension of the boys. This was especially noticeable iu KNCl.OSrUKS. 61 dealing willi llic yuuiigest boysi, iviul llu' tro;itiiieiil of the siibjecl for llie first " term," the Roman Empire, was open to the criticism that it was too vague and included considerations which they coixld not be expected to understand. It was also noticeable, to some extent, in the; treatment of the Keuaissance period. Another danger, which is especially felt among the weaker sets, arises fi-QUi the amount of ground which is covered. Many boys do not bring with them any good knowledge even of tlie more elementary facts of English history, and for these, as well as for those who have less ability in the work, the course should be curtailed and some of it omitted, and more attention should l)e given to English history. The necessity of some simplilication of the course is recognised by the Instructors, but there was evidence that it w^as in some eases not carried out with suttic-ient strictness. It is, in particular, suggested that the study of the nineteenth century should be postponed, for it can be better dealt with at Dartmouth when the boys are old(>r, and the time given to it is urgently needed for revision of the early parts of the course. In genei-al, not sufficient time seems to be given to revision. Though the cadets have regular practice in answering questions on paper, they would probably benefit by training in the use of the note-book. For young boys, the notes must be of the simplest nature, and should at first be confined to maps, tables of dates, and other matters wdiich can be put in a condensed form, but even in this form the making of notes would help the cadets in acquiring tlie habit of independent study. Throughout the course, indeed, it is desirable that more attention should be paid to the drawing of maps illustrative of the history. An excellent historical atlas is used, and in tlie Fifth Term a special course is given on political geography. It is, however, suggested that the object of this would be better attainedif it took a more prominent part throughoTit the whole of the course rather than being relegated to a single term. What is required, in fact, is not so much a special course of lessons on the principles of political and historical geography, for which, indeed, the cadets are not sufficiently advanced, but regular and systematic practice continued from term to term in the study of the map and the drawing of maps. At present too often their knowledge of the map seems to cease with the coast-line. The work on some of the more difficult parts of European history would be simplified if it was approached from the study of the atlas. More might be done to illustrate the history by the reading of suitably selected authors. (2) The treatment of Naval history seems very suitable. It is based on a study of the lives and exploits of the most famous seamen and serves the purpose of making the cadets familiar v/ith the most striking episodes in English Naval history. No formal study of tactics is attenqited, this would be quite out of place, but the l)oys learn what actually as a matter of fact took place in each of the battles, and tliereby gain acquaintance with the language and point of view of the naval operations. (b) Dartviouth. At Dartmouth no study of English history is attempted, the work being coniincd to European and Naval history. There has recently been some alteration in the syllabus ; the present system is that the work on European history begins with the Renaissance and Naval history with the Commonwealth, so that the cadets have good opportunity for studying the classical period in the developinent of the English Navy. The last two terms are assigned to the special study of the history of the uineteentii (•entury and to general revision. The scheme is an interesting and suitable one. It is, however, suggested that the ground to be covered in European history is much greater than in Naval history, and it would be desirable to give to it rather more time, instead of, as is now done, dividing the hours available equally between the two subjects. This change would probably not prevent the cadets bringing away with them a knowledge of Naval lustory "just as good as they now have. The two"^ subjects really overlap one another ; and in the study of European history attention is directed chiefly to those aspects of it which explain the naval opei'ations. Without more time, the cadets, however, have not, and cannot be expected to have, a sufficient knowledge of the general sitiiation to understand the part played by the British Navy. There are several ways in which such a re-arrangement might be made. In the first year, two terms might be given to the study of general European history, including incidental references to the naval operations, and for the third tenn, the whole time might be devoted to the naval operations, including in it incidental 62 CUMMIITEE ON KDIiCATION : revision ol' the previous work. It would prol);il)ly be advantageous to give one v;iiole term to a study of the revolutionary and Xapoleonie wars, botli iVom the point of view of o^eneral history and of Naval history, for at this period the two are so inseparably connected with one another that they can most advantageously be studied side by side. The study of Naval history is to some extent impeded by the want of a suitable text-book ; this makes it necessary to give much time to the preparation of full notes and sjniopses, and increases a tendency common in the teaching — there is too much exposition, not enough work is done by the cadets themselves, and the questioning is often insufTifieut. It -would be better that they should gain their knowledge by the independent reading of a well-written book, which would then serve as a basis for further explanation by the Master. The cadets b)"ing with them from Osborne some knowledge of the principal battles and the more elementary ^larts of the subject ; it is rightly not desired here to give any dogmatic expositions of tactics ; Lhe stress of the work is therefore thrown on a more careful study of selected battles, but more especially on the strategical importance of the main operations taken in connection with the general political and military situation. An interesting supplement to the other historical work is given in the short course of Ecclesiastical history taken in the fifth term. The task of dealiiig with this in such a manner as to be helpful to the cadets is not an easy one. The dithculties •would be best overcome if more stress were laid on the connection of Church history with the other aspects of history with which the cadets have some slight acquaintance. It should be connected as much as possible with the fundamental facts, such as the division of the Greek and Latin Churches, and also be copiously illustrated by reference to existing remains of ecclesiastical architecture both in England and abroad, with which the cadets are, or may hope in later years, to become acquainted. General Conclusions. — lu conclusion it seems to be desirable to summarise briefly suggestions which are made from a consideration of the courses in English and History in both Colleges : — (i) There is a tendency in both Colleges for the teaching to assimie too much the form of continuous lecturing ; the pupils are not required to do enough work for themselves, and there should be more questioning of the classes. This arises partly from the industry' and ability of the staff, partly (and particularlj" at Osborne) from the small amount of time devoted to prepara- tion, partly (and more especially in History) from the amount of ground which has to be covered. (2) There is room for some rearrangement of the parts of the syllabus assigned to the different Colleges. (a) In the study of literature many of the prose authors, e.g., Froissart and Prescott, which are read at Dartmouth, would be more suitable for Osborne, both because they would fit m more conveniently with the History scheme of that College, and because simple prose narrative of this kind is better adapted for younger boys. Similarly, a good deal of the poetry learned in some of the earlier terms at Dartmouth should, if learned at all, be taken at an earlier stage. It would further appear that the practice of committing poetry to memory is one which is specially suitable for young boys. In the same way, as has been indicated in the separate reports, some of the essays on general subjects that are attempted at Osborne should be postponed, and a considerable number of the ingeniously devised preparatory exercises in composition in vogue at Dartmouth would be more in place at Osliorne. (h) The rearrangement of the History course, which has already been begun, might with advantage be carried fiu'ther to secure in Osborne a firmer grasp of the earlier portions of History and particularly of English histoiy. Greater attention to historical geography as an integral part of the History teaching is desirable in both Colleges. It is necessary to give a warning against the tendency unduly to neglect English history. It is certainly wise not to attempt a full study of it and in particular to omit the study of constitutional points to which too often the attention of boys is chiefly directed. Mediaeval history may also be properly treated very briefly. Nor should any change be made in the general idea of the KNOI.OSIIRES. 63 course which includes European as well as Enq;lish history. The objects of the course will not, however, be I'ully attained uuless the cadets have a good grouiidiug in the main ]K)inls of English history during the last four centuries. English histoiy must l)e the starting point from which foreign history is approached, and the study of Naval history cannot with impunity be dissociated from the general history of the country. Many cadets, how(;ver, leave Osborne and even Dartmouth without the necessary knowledge, i'undamental matters such as the nature and course of the Civil War, the relations with Scotland and Iieland, are too scantily dealt with. It is cdearly a reversal of the natural order that cadets who do not know the course of the Civil War in England should learn the campaigns of (lustavus Adolphus. (?>) The terminal tests especially for the older cadets do iu)t afford an adequate test either in English or History of the best work of which they are capable, largely because insuthcient time is allowed for the working of the papers. In English, though not in History, the nature of the questions in th(^ " passing-out examination " admits of criticism. Geography, Geography is specifically taught only at Osborne. The teaching is well organised and the Head of the Department has provided a set of excellent notes for the guidance of his colleagues. One and a half hours per week are devoted to this subject through- out the course. This is by no means excessive, but it has been made adequate by excluding from the syllabus all teaching of the causes which tletermine climate. For each region the climatic conditions are foimd from the data supplied by the atlas, and the effect of these on human activities is then discussed. I'his appears under the circumstances to be a wise course, and the resulting standard of knowledge in regional geography is excellent. No text-book in Geography is in general use, but a note-book containing blank Images and outline maps is provided. These outlines are hlled in to illustrate certain definite geographical points. This is an excellent plan, but the notes made by the cadets are very meagre and tlo not furnish a means of revision of earlier work. It is suggested that the cadets should write a concise summary of the main points of each lesson to be kept for future reference. All the astronomical geography has been deferred to the sixth term, in which a special mathenuitical course is ilrawn up in preparation for the work at Dartmouth. As this course is in the experimental stage no definite opinion as to its merits can at present be offered ; but it appears desirable that, in addition to this, some very simple work in the apparent movements of the sun and heavenly bodies should be imder- takeu in the hrst and second terms. This would materially assist the astronomical work of the sixth term and the more specialised studies at Dartmouth, and at the same time create a habit of observation of the everyday phenomena of the heavens, a habit which is curiously wanting even in the later terms. Few boys know the points of the compass with respect t(j the College buildings, or that the sun is in the south at noon. Most of them thought that the sun always rose directly in the east and set exactly in the west. ()n the whole, how^ever, the work in the Geographj- Department creates a most favourable impression. Modern Languages. The aim of the instruction is to enable the cadets to understand readily the spoken idiom, to use it accurately and with some Huency, to read modern literary texts intelli- gently, and to write simple continuous French or German with facility and correctness. The conditions are exceptionally favourable to the realisation of this aim. The circumstances of the life and the interest of the work are of a character to attract the highest type of teaching. The age of entry is uniform, and all those under instruc- tion are working to a common end. The organisation permits of classification into smaU and reasonably homogeneous sets. Under the new system the attention of the individual cadet is concentrated upon one language only, and the total time availul)le is therefore in all cases sufficient to admit of the attainment of a satisfactory standard. The Modern Language Staff is enthusiastic and hardworking, and it includes Masters of skilled experience and high linguistic attainments. 64 Cn.M.MlTTI.K ON laUX'ATInN : 111 certaiu diroctious tlie aim of the instnictiou is reasoualily well altaiueil. By the end of the first two years a fair proportion of cadets acqiurc- a quick under- standing of tlie spoken idiom and a not inconsiderable power of oral expression. An increasing vocahnlary enables continued ])i'ogress to be made in these respects during the third and fourth years, but the method of treatment here adopted is not of a kind to effect a corresponding measure of improvement in lucid and jireeise exposition. Neither in facility of diction, nor in literary comprehension, nor again in coi'j-ectness of elementary written work, is a standard attained such as might legitimately be expected in view of the ability of the teaching and the very favonralile conditions of classification. For this shortcoming various contributory causes may be assigned. The difficulties peculiar to the teaching of a spoken language on the direct method are greatly augmented )jy the low standard of accuracy wliich characterises the written exercises at all stages of the course. Tliis not only inevitably reacts upon the quality of the conversational work, but also tends to render more diilicidt the precise interpretation and full appreciation of the selected texts. The harmony as to the ultimate aim of the teaching which marks the conduct of the two sections of the course at the respective Colleges is not ndly reflected in the details of organisation and method. The co-ordination of the two halves of the course is not complete. A well-considered syllabus of grammar, followed during the first two years, is not continued, in any form, during the second two years ; the high standard of pronunciation achieved at the close of the first stage is found to deteriorate somewhat in the latter part of the course ; the sequence of reading books selected is not adequately graded in the matter of intrinsic difficidty ; and valuable time and teaching are lost, after the transference from one College to the other, in the rediscovery of the actual level of attaimnent of the oncoming term. There is also t;ome general misapprehension on the part of both the Departments concerned as to what may be considered the exact nature of their several complementary shares in the teaching of the languages ; with the result that neither College is supplying that groiuulwork of grammatical accuracy, the substratum of concrete knowledge, without which the more liberal and literary treatment attempted in the latter j^art of the course lacks any sound l)asis for progress. In consequence, the books of wider interest, the freer composition, and the more idiomatic conversational work very rightly introduced in the later stages, are only adequately understood, or attempted, by a small proportion of the class. A further weakness, which the Modern Language Staff shares with the large majority of zealous teachers, lies in the extent to which the Masters take on themselves the whole burden of the work. The cadets do not get sufficient opportunity to acquire the habit of independent effort and thought, and the result is apparent as soon as they have to deal with even elementary tests where the guidance and stimulus of the instruction are momentarily withdrawn. The stutly of a Modern I^anguage can be made interesting without the sacrifice of its service as an intellectual training. JCven in a short practical course it is possible to cond:)ine the wider educational values of an introduction to literature and to the best recorded thought with the more directly utilitarian object of mastery of the spoken tongue, provided that a due proportion of the effort, and a steady and well graduated advance in the knowledge of the supporting structure of elementary linguistic facts and principles are simultaneously exacted from the pupils. The tradition of strenuous and accurate work at the two Colleges is sufficiently vigorous, and the esscmtial conditions of good material, able teaching, and adequate time, sufficiently favourable to render reasonable the expectation of a higher standard of result, and to justify the application of a somewhat critical judgment. Mathematics. In regard to Mathematics, the Colleges are fortunate in having as their Head Masters men who are themselves liighly qualified in the subject (one of them in Science also) and who are able to give most effective help to their Heads of Depart- ments, who also are highly qualified and most capable. The other Mathematical Masters form a strong staff, and the general level of teaching ability is high. The organisation of the work is excellent; weak points are speedily detected, and so far as conditions pennit receive prompt attention. The syllabus of Avork departs widely from that which has been traditional in English schools, though modifications in the same general direction are now being made elsewhere. This has been necessary because Mathematics is here part of a boy's technical equipment. The time available I ENCLOSURES. 65 does not admit of the acquisition of this by the slow and deliberate methods which arc possible in a long school and university course. Hence every part of the subj(>ct has had to be examined critically, and if it could not jusfify its retention b,y its nec^essity it has been cut out. Thus, to take a simple example, a thorough familiarity with the simplest parts of trigonometry is essential, but the whole algebraic develop- ment of the subject has been sacrificed. On the other hand, the arithmetical applications have been emphasised and much time given to their practice. Great importance is attached almost from the outset to familiarity with the use of logarithmic and other mathematical tables, to the handling and evaluation of such formuloe as occur in engineering, but again the theoretical side of algebra has been curtailed, and little opportunity can be given for acquirirfg expertness in dealing with elaborate algebraic expressions or deveIo])ing the sense of form. In geometry stress is laid chiefly on mensuration and drawing, and possibly the training in geometry proper has been thrust too much into the background. There can be no question that under the circumstances of the Colleges these departures from tradition have been necessary, and that in the main they are changes for the good of the average boy ; whether or not in detail they have gone too far can only be decided by experience, and the staffs are quite competent to deal wdth this question. A small amuunt of spherical trigonometry is necessarily taken because it is wanted for Navigation, but though the proofs of the few formulae required are gone through in class they are not learnt and even the formulas themselves are in many cases forgotten, all that is retained being the residting scheme for the solution of spherical triangles. On the other hand, a good deal of attention is properly given to the elements of solid geometry so as to develop the power of space perception and the power of reading drawings. This is of course absolutely necessary for the engineering and to some extent for the navigation. All boj's get considerable training in graphic methods, and the abler ones something of co-ordinate geometry. The latter also get an excellent introduction to the calculus, great care being taken that the principles and ideas involved are thoroughly under- stood, though, no great development of technical skill is possible. In Applied Mathematics important changes have been made recently. From the outset Mechanics has been dealt with primarily as an experimental subject, and it is still the case that it is studied first from this point of view in the laboratory. It has been found, how^ever, that unless study of this kind is followed and followed immediately by the working out of numerical examples and the geometrical solution of problems its effect is apt to be evanescent. Accordingly mathematical study or practice of this sort now begins at Osborne in the term following the commencement of the laboratory work and is continued to the end of the first year at Dartmouth. The result promises to be a much firmer grasp of the subject and that witliout loss of the sense of reality given by the laboratory work. In actual achievement, either as regards knowledge or power of thought, cadets, of course, differ greatly. As has been pointed out, definite provision is made at Dartmouth for the abler boys going further than the others. At Osborne this is not the case, all go over the same ground as far as possible, the weaker classes omitting only the harder examples and occasionally some small section of a subject. Whether the remissions for the weaker boys are suQicient- is still doubtful. It is clearly not desirable to have a definitely reduced syllabus for them, but it is possible that each class ought to be treated more on its merits and given wdiat it can properly master and no more, in spite of the apparent or real difficulties this might put in the way of a l)oy's promotion if later he showed development. It certainly is the case that there are b(5ys who give the impression that they have gone too fast, and are out of their depth. On the other hand, the work of the better Ijuys is very good and the general average is high. j\luch attention is rightlj'- given to aritlmietical accuracy ; boys are trained to check their -work, and though, of course, the general standard of accuracy is still far from that wliich is essential, saj', in Jiavigation, it seems to be decidedly higher than is usual at schools, and perhaps as high as is i)ossible with boys before their work has been narrowed to the comparatively few types of operation and calculation which actually occur in any one walk of life. Navigation. Navigation as taught at Dartmouth consists of two distinct sections, viz. (I) Navigation and Nautical Astronomy taught by the professorial staff, and (2) I'ilotage, including work on charts and compasses with the actual use of the sextant, taught B 1260(1 E 66 commhtki; ok kihcation : by one of the Naval Officers with the help of an Assistant Navigatcn*. To the latter subject, naturally an introduction only is possible at the rollege, and nnicli of tlio practical work and actual experiejice can only be obtained subsequently on the cruisers and at sea. It would clearly be to the advantage of the teaching if the lieutenant in charge of the subject could remain longer at the (College than the usual naval period of two years. The Navigation strictly so called is under the charge of a Naval Instructor as Head of Department ; he is assisted by two other Naval Instructors, and to some extent by the Mathciuatical Staff. There seems to be no reason in the nature of thiugs why any competent teacher of JMathematics should not deal with the subject, but so long as Naval Instructors are available it is natural to use them for this particular work to which they are most accustomed. The amoimt of Mathematics involved in the work (so far as taken at the ( 'ollege) is not great ; the two difficulties are the need for thinking in space, and for a very high degree of arithmetical accuracy (and in the long run speed). The work (except as noted above for the proofs of one or two formida?) is well within the powers of the cadets ; on the whole they seem quite to understand what they are doing ; they are being trained to neatness and accuracy, but, of course, most of them will need a great deal of subsecpient practice before the necessary standard Avill be reached in the latter respect. Science. The courses of work in Science at the two Colleges, supplemented as they are by the special courses in A])plied Science on the training cruiser, have been drawn up with the view of securing that the cadets shall start their professional careers as midshipmen adequately equipped on the scientific side, to meet, so far as possible, the varied requirements of the Naval Service. For this purpose it has been necessary to tal^e into account the needs of future specialists and non-specialists, of those who will give particular attention to gunnery and torpedo work as well as of those who will specialise as engineers. The courses are in practice necessarily determined by considerations connected with the ages of the cadets, their varying capacities, and the amount of time which can be spared for instruction in Science. Considerable modifications have been made from time to time in the detailed S3dlabuses of work, and it is understood that there is no finality about the present scheme. This consists at Osborne exclusively of phj'sics — easy mensuration, hydro- statics, mechanics, heat, and the introductory study of nnignetism and current electricity being taken in turn. In mechanics and heat the work is further extended and developed on its technical side in the Engineering course. The latter subject is not included in the list of subjects studied at Dartmouth, though ii a])])ears in the scheme of work arranged for the cruiser. Chemistry and optics are taken succes- sively in the first two terms at Dartmouth, mechanics is continued throxighout the course, and electricity is taken up afresh in the third term, this and mechanics forming the subjects of instruction in the succeeding terms. The general organisation of the work follows closely similar lines at both the Colleges. Each subject, with the exception of chemistry, is dealt with both in lectures and in the laboratory, the cadets of each term 1)eing classified for lecture purposes in small divisions according to their scientific abilities. The lecture and laboratory courses are so far independent of one another that while the subject-matter of the laboratory course is covered in the lectures, the laboratory work in any portion of a subject never precedes and is often separated by a considerable interval of time from its treatment in the lectTire room. The cadets, moreover, always work at their own pace in the laboratory where they are taken in large divisions of half a term under the supervision of three Masters, who are generally but not necessarily responsible for the lecture Avork of the cadets in question. Ten Masters share the teaching at each of the Colleges, and in each case the staff as a wdiole are working loyally under a Head of the Department invested with sufficient control and full responsibility to the Head Master. Numerically the Science Staffs may be regarded as adequate ; but their numbers cannot be considered excessive if small classes are to be retained and the laboratory work proj^erly supervised. It is a noteworthy feature of the work of the Colleges that there is to an unusual extent a frank interchange of ideas both among members of the Science Staffs them- selves and also between the Science and Mathematical Masters. The close relations between the several members of the Science Staffs and the real control of the two ENChuaUKES. 67 Heads of Departments liave the salutary effect ol' inaiiitaiiiing a high level of teaching tliroiighout, and of largely neutralising any individual wcalvucsscs. The system l)y whit'h certain of the Masters, who are primariW mathematicians, take part in the Science teaching, the Science Masters in their turn giving lielp in the teaching of Mathematics, has obvious advantages and is fully justilied hy the results of its practical working at the Colleges. It is no less important that there should he close co-operation between the work of the staffs respectively responsible for Science and for Engineering ; it would be a real assistance to newly appointed blasters unacijuainted with the technical side of the cadets' work if they were enabled in the capacity of learners to visit the shops of certain engineering iirms, or, better still, to take a course of practical engineering. It has already been pointed out that the detailed syllabuses of wcjrk have been modided from time to time ; the same is true of the practical course in each subject as set forth in the printed instructions for the separate experiments which the cadets carry out in the lal:)oratory. Many of these experiments, notably those on kinetics, at Dartmouth, are original, and it is clear that the practical courses are constantly and critically considered in detail from the point of view of their suitability to the ends in view. The work of the JMasters has in fact to a remarkal)le degree the note of vitality ; and the teaching is as far as possible fi"om being stereotyped or conventional. With regard to the actual work of the cadets at the two Colleges, the general impression left on the Inspectors, based as this was both on questions asked in the laboratory and class-room as well as on an examination of the worked end of term papers, was that it reached a very satisfactory level and compared very favourably indeed Avith work done by the boys of these ages in any other schools in this country. The best jDapers done by cadets at Dartmouth in the senior terms are excellent, and though there were wide differences of standard among the cadets of any given term at botli the Colleges, the number of poor papers was not so large as might have been expected in view of the large amount of grovmd that has to be covered anil the difficulty of the questions set. The dift'ej-ences are greatest in the papers on mechanics, and correspond probably to differences in the cadets' mathematical abilities. It is clear also that the cadets as a whole are taught to work intelligently in the laboratory, and though many were questioned it was rare to find a cadet who was not able to give a satisfactory and reasoned account of the experiment on which he was engaged. The favourable vicAv which the Inspectors formed of the work done at the Colleges must not be taken to imply a belief that there are not serious gaps in the knowledge even of the abler cadets at the end of their four years' course. That this should be so is not the fault of the teaching ; it is rather a natural consequence at once of the extent and novelty of the work attempted and of a boy's capacity for forgetting. The point is, however, further dealt with beloAv. ( tood as the results in general are, it is thought that the possibility of making certain modifications of the general scheme might be considered with advantage : — {a} The features of the Science scheme which call most obviously for comment are the omission of chemistry from the course at Osborne, and the attempt to deal with a very full syllabus of work in this subject in a single term's lectures at Dartmouth. This is hardly to give to the study of materials and their interaction the importance which from the engineering and technical standpoint it certainly deserves. In the opinion of the Inspectors the cadets woidd gain if in their second year at Osborne the cinirse of work included an introductory study of air and water, of the phenomena of com- bustion, and of elementary notions of chemical change, excluding chemical theory. Such a course would broaden the basis of the Science work, it would serve as an introduction to the further study of the subject at Dai-tmouth, and it would have the great advantage of spreading the work over a large period. It might then be possible to provide for the cadets at Dartmouth a more thorough study of those portions of the subject which are of special importance to the engineer, a knowledge of wiiich, though it \vould appeal- to be postulated by the second and third terms' syllabus of the Engineer- ing course itself, is not, and indeed cannot l)e, acquired under existing conditions. (6) If further time is to be found for chemistry some lightening of the existing syllabus will be necessary at Osborne. This might be effected either by the curtailment of the present syllabus in electricity or by the omission of 68 COMMITTEE ON EDDCATION I certain of the harder portions of the meclianics syllabus. In regard to the former alternative, it is recognised thai there are great advantages in a system which involves a preliminary treatment of a difficult subject with subsequent repetition and extension. (c) 0[)tics is at present included in the Dartmouth course with the idea of giving the boys such a general knowledge of the subject as may help them to under- stand the sextant and the range-finder. Any necessary instruction might, it is thought, be given in connection with the practical working of the iustj'uments themselves. In any case there does not appear to be any advantage in dealing with the elementaiy parts of optics in the lecture room as well as in tbe laboratory ; and if the subject is included for its own sake in the Science scheme at all, its proper place would be in the first or second year's course at Osborne. [cl) The several subjects of the Science scheme are treated in separate compart- ments to which the cadets are successively introduced. As a minor point it may be noted tliat this sometimes involves taking particular sections of the work in a wrong order. Certain of the earlier portions of the mechanics course at Osborne, for example, the measurement of force and the idea of sti'ess, might Avell precede the treatment of fluid pressures. It is more important to observe that an entire subject (like heat) may be dealt with at an early stage of the course and not again taken iip, with the result that a good deal that has been learnt will have been forgotten by the time that a cadet passes out from Dartmouth — a process which is assisted Ijy the omis- sion of heat and hydrostatics from the passing-out examination. The difficulty might, it is suggested, be met by instituting regular revision papers (not confined to questions involving calculation) on all the back work for the cadets at Dartmouth. Apart fi'om the above suggestions on the scheme of work, two further j^oints maybe referred to in connection with the teaching methods employed, which are practically identical in the two Colleges : — (a) Without raising any questions as to the theoretical advantages of the system by Avhich lalioratory and lectiire work are dealt with qiiite separately as explained above (and it is realised that there is much to be said for the plan, at least in the case of older boys), the Inspectors are of opinion that the amount of lecturing at Osborne is excessive and that the teaching would in many cases have been more effective if the Masters had some- times felt free to take their divisions in one of the laboratories and sot the boys to work for themselves at the experiment under discussion. For younger boys such a proceeding, whit'h does not of covu'se exclude but rather invites subsequent discussion of the practical wtn'k done by the class, has advantages over the formal lecture ; and the same note-books might well be used, both for " lecture " and " laboratory." With reference to the latter suggestion, it is to be observed that the "lecture " notes taken by the cadets at Osborne do not appear to he of much value, at any rate, for the piu'poses of revision. (6) It is noteworthy that, except in the case of electricity, no text-books are used at either College. This would matter less if great care were taken to secure that the boys' notes, both of lecture and laboratory work, were sufficiently full and complete. But in the absence of a system of elaborate note-taking carefully supervised, or alternatively of text-books, revision of back work becomes difficult or impossible. It is an even more serious matter that the cadets should not be taiight to read for themselves. If suitable text-books were provided, the periodical revision papers might well contain certain questions to be done with the help of books. In any case it would seem desirable that the cadets on passing into the Naval Service should have been trained to make an intelligent use of the standard technical and scientific works to which in their professional life on board ship they presumably have access. The above report has dealt -with the Avork of the two Colleges, taken as they must be together. From what they saw of the work of the two institutions, the Inspectors formed the decided opinion that the good Science work done at Dartmouth is alone made jjossible by the fact that the cadets have already mid ergone thorougli instruction and training for two years at Osborne. No changes, however slight, can be made in ENCi.osi i!i:s. 60 the Science work at L'sboruc willnnit alTect iiii^- tiic \V(irk at I 'arliiiuulli : ami sd far as instruction iu Science is cduccrncil, ihc intcidciicinlcncc of the two CoUegerf is an essential part of the scheme. Engineering, It may be well to preface any remarks on this part of the training by the state- ment that in making them the special aim of the course has l)cen kept well in view. Some essential dilferences which exist between this course ami engineering courses provided in day technical colleges throughout the country for youths who afterwards are to be engaged in constructive work or in designing have tn be recognised. In order to arrive at a fair estimate of what is being attempted and aceom|ib^lie(l it is necessary to realise what is included under the heading " Engineering." The course comprises — (1) Lectures on marine engineering ; (2) Engineering workship practice, with explanatory lectures ; (3) Special practical and experimental work (not tool work) on engines and machinery ; (4) Hand-sketching and Drawing Office Practice. To the above work nine hours a week are devoted, amounting to about one-fourth of the total time. Altogether about UUO hours are given to the subject during the two years spent at each College, of which about 100 are given to lectures. In dealing with the character of the instruction it will be convenient to consider the different forms of work in the order in which they are set out above. The syllabus of lectures iu marine engineering at Osl:)orne deals chiefly with the working and construction of different types of engines, boilers, and pumps, and of details of these. The amount of what may be termed theory is small, being practically confined to giving notions of heat, force, energy, power, and such an elementary knowledge of the properties of steam as will enable the cadets to form some idea as to what happens to this substance during its passage from, the boiler, through the engine, the condenser, and back to the boiler. From a mere examination of the printed syllabus it would appear that an impossible task was being attempted, but when seen in operation it becomes clear that the subject receives a very elementary treatment, and that with the aid of the wealth of equipment to be found in the lecture rooms and workshops the syllabus in its present form is quite a workable one with boys between 12 and 14 years of age. At Dartmouth the subject-matter of the lectures becomes more difficult. Portions of the Osborne syllabus have to be revised and treated in a fuller manner ; there are additional types of engines and new classes of machinery to be studied, which demand not only a wider knowledge of mechanism, but also a fuller knowledge of the Ijehaviour of steam, water, air, gas, oil, or other vapours, when employed as the working substance which drives an engine. More time has to be given to the study of indicator diagrams, and the subjects of fuel and combustion claim attention. On the whole, the Dartmouth syllabus, as recently revised, is still very full, and it contains quite as much theory as the cadets are able to grasp. The lectures in Engineering, which are given by Engineer-Lieutenants, appeared to have been very carefully prepared, anfl were delivered in a clear manner. Possibly there were points of importance in the subject-matter of the lectures on which insufficient emphasis was laid, and probably the method of frequently questioning the cadets during lectures with a view to ensuring that the explanations liave been fully grasped might with advantage be adopted to a greater extent. Here it may be noted that the advantages in employing Engineer Officers for this work may be so great as to make the plan an essential part of the whole scheme. Rut the practice of Hmiting the period of their employment iu this capacity to two years is not without disadvan- tages, since it is a very short period in which to gain experience and the desirable degree of skill as a teacher. Much of the time in the lectures has to be devoted to explaining the construction and working of machinery, necessitating the use of diagi-ams or blackboard sketches. These are copied by the cadets on one side of their engineering note-books, the other side of which contains printed notes on the subject of the lecture ; any additional notes are dictated and copied by the cadets. For all practical purposes this note-book becomes their text-book. In the lectures, therefore, the cadets get little practice in taking notes in their own words. In view of the age of the cadets, the amount of ground to be covered, and the technical nature of the work, no other plan seems 11 iL'iUln i' JO COMiUTTKE ON EDITCATION i ]iractical)le. in other jiarts of llirlr work, liowcver, they liave practice in writing' notes ill their own words. 'Jlie ])rovision for workshop instrnction at the two Colleges, both as reg-ards ec[nip- nienf and stalT, is on a scale which is not attempted in any technical institution in the country, while the organisation oi' the worlc is as perfect as it well can be. Some 2") instructors are employed in the various shops, and with few exceptions they are men who still are, or have been, in active service as tirtiiicers in the Navy. There is evidence that they liave been chosen with great care, and as some attended technical classes during their apprenticeship they are well (jualilied on both the theoretical and practical side. The way in which the time is apportioned to the vaiious workshops is shown in the table below. Columns 2 and d show the nnmber of half-terms, while columns 3 and 5 give, roughly, the equivalent in working weeks of an ordinary apprentice putting in the same total nund:»er of hours as a cadet. Number of Half-Terms spent in the different Shops. V\'tirkshii|> (!)■ Osborne. Dartmouth. Xuiiibei' of Half-Terms. (2) Equivalent in '\\'orkin,Lr Weeks of : Apprentice. (3) Carpenters' sliop Pattern sliop FouiKlry Smitliy - *Co]iperf^initli:;' .-iliop Boiler shop Drawing office - fMaehiue sliop Numlier of Half-'l'eniis. w Equivalent in Working Weeks of an Apprentice. (5) " At Osborne one week is spent in this shop. f Pan nf the time assigned to this shop is spent on work other than tool work. During the four years' course of workshop practice at the two Colleges the cadets acquire a valuable experience in the use of the ordinary hand and machine tools, a Knowledge of the nature of materials, and such an insight into workshop j^rocesses as will give them a general idea of the manner in which parts of machinery are made and fitted together. From a glance at columns 3 and 5 in the above table it will be seen that the time spent in any shop is really very short, and some rough idea may be formed of the degree of practical skill which the cadets can reasonably be expected to acquire. While it is not easy to say whether this will prove to be sufficient to meet what will be rec|uired of them later in their career, it may be taken as fairly certain that the conditions which prevail in respect to equipment, staff, and organisation of the work, and the manner in which the cadets apply themselves to their work, are such that in the time assigned the best possible results are obtained. At Dartmouth a portion of the time assigned to the machine shop in the hfth and sixth terms, amounting in all to about three weeks, is spent in the electrical work- shop. In the fifth term the work consists in running circuits with lamps in parallel and in series, together with the necessary connections to fuses and switches ; the jointing of lead-covei'ed wires, the insulation and winding of coils, and the tracing of faidts. In the sixth term, armature cores and commutators are built up, the armatures are wound, the end connections made, and the completed armature tested for faults. The work is well graded and an-anged, and the cadets show a keen interest in their tasks. The equipment is liberal and the instruction given is of a practical nature throughout, and forms a valuable concomitant to the w^ork in electricity done in the fourth, fifth, and sixth terms. The theoretical work in electricity would probably be strengthened by a still closer connection with the electrical shopwork. Each cadet keeps a workshop note-book in w^hich he makes sketches of machinery, and writes accounts of short demonstrations given by the instructors. At Osborne it was observed that in some of the shops cadets copied out instructions and information about materials and processes from typed sheets. In some cases this occupied time which might have been saved by s^lpplying the cadets with printed copies. KNCI.O.SI UFS. 71 Tlie practical work ol tlic cadi'Is is well snprrvirtuil l>y tlic iiistriictor.s, anil if considered iinsatisl'aclm-y the wnrk lias Id he repeated. The exercises themselves have been careluUv drawn up, and ar(^ ol a uticfid kind. At Dartnionth the parts of small engines have been mailc, and the engines erected by tlie caiU'ts. Reference has already been made to the fact that a certain ])arl ol the time nominally assigned to work in the machine shop is really devoted to certain pieces ol special work. It is unnecessary fully to enumerate these, but, ronghly, they consist of the opening out and examination of engines and luacliinery in the shops and in the various steam vessels, raising steam in the latter, running the engines, tracing pipes and tittings, boiler-room jiractice imder way, setting slide valves, testing material, making engine tests, Sec. The work is uotewoi'thy as allbrding an example of good organisation, the cadets working in small l)atches of two to six or seven. It is extremely educative since it demands close observation, and involv(>s sketching and written descriptions. Much ol' this work impresses and stimulates the cadets, and by means of it they learn much in a short time. It stands out as a distinct feature of the engineering work, and strikingly illustrates the possibilities of good equipment and an adequate staff. Drawdng forms an integral part ol the work in Engineering. Tc many of the cadets on joining Osborne it is practically a new subject. The first few lectures in Engineering are devoted to showing them how to make freehand sketches of the plan, elevation, and section of a simple object. By daily practice in copying black- l)oard sketches in the lecture room, by regular practice in sketching from machines in the workshop, and in reading the working drawings from which they construct articles in the workshop, the majority of the cadets quickly acquire facility in sketching, and as so large a proportion of the latter is done from actual machinery they also learn much about construction. Naturally, some show less aptitude for drawing than others, and for this reason it is important that more exercises of a simple and well-graded character should be provided at the beginning of the course. In the fifth or sixth term at Osborne, and again two years later at Dartmouth, for a period of six weeks, practice in the drawing office replaces workshop practice. During this period the cadets learn how to make a working drawing to scale, and with the exception of one or two preliminary exercises to illustrate the general method of procedure, all scale drawings are made from dimensioned hand sketches of actual machine parts. At Osborne a little information about the proportions of the parts of nuts, screws, &c. is given, and at Dartmouth a little elementary design is attempted. The cadets are taught to make a tracing, and they receive a demon- stration in the process of making blue-prints. The instructors are keenly interested in their work, and as the cadets have good instruments and are taught to keep ihem in proper working condition the cjuality of the draughtsmanship is all that could be desired. As regards this part of the work, there is nothing to learn from the best technical colleges, since in few of these are such sound methods so consistently adopted. The four main sections into wdiich it has been found convenient to divide the engineering work have been touched upon, and a few general remarks may now be made. It is practically certain that no ordinary Prej)aratory School coidd afford to provide the equipment and staff, and secure the effective organisation to be found at Osborne. And without these facilities and organisation it w'ould be futile, not to say inicpiitous, to attempt that degree of specialisation with boys of 12 years of age which is possible and suitable in the circumstances which prevail at Osborne. In its present state the complete syllabus in Engineering is a little too full. The Osborne section can be worked through without any serious strain, l:)ecause of its elementary treatment. The Dartmouth portion, that is, the part ilealt with in the lectures, is rather a severe trial for a considerable section of the cadets, and further pruning is advisable. At these two Colleges, as at all others, there is, of course, a certain proportion of instruction which is not fully assimilated, though here this is not serious in amount. It should be observed that owing to the prescribed daily routine there is little time out of school hours in which to read and thiidc over the more difficult theoretical portions, and to acquire a more thorough grasp of principles by working many numerical exercises. The engineering student at an ordinary F :,' OOMMITTKK ON KDUCATHiN tccluiical college finds it necessaiy to do all this, even though tli(^ time devoted to engineering subjects proper at his College will usually be nearly double that given at ])artniouth. On the whole, the number of numerical examples worked during the course is very small ; apparently there is little time available for this kind of work. It is also noteworthy how small is the demand made by the engineering course at Dartmouth on the mathematical knowledge which the cadets acquire there ; the demand made by the syllabus of work on the Cruisers is no doubt much greater. It is certain that no form of the vai'ied instruction given in the engineering course can well be omitted. The proportion of time given to lectures is not excessive, while the absolute amount given to lectures and to actual workshop practice is all too short, considering the extent of ground to be covered in the time. General Conclusions. The scope of the Inspection was limited to the actual work, the Inspectors being instructed not to deal with the discipline or with the buildings, nor were they asked to consider the important questions of over-pressui-e and the general care of the cadets. They are entitled to say, however, that so far as concerns the work itself, there are no obvious signs of over-pressiire in the ordinary sense. It is true that the hours allotted to formal work are considerable, 1)ut the work is varied, and much of it of a kind not involving mental strain ; further, school work is in practice strictly confined to the allotted hours, so that it cannot reasonably be held that it is excessive. The danger, so far as there is one, is not that of overwork, but of too much teaching and too little independent effort on the part of the cadets. This danger is inherent in the system which involves the attempt to cover an extensive syllabus in a strictly limited time. While it cannot be said that the danger is entirely avoided, the staff are well aware of it and take pains to avoid it, and on the whole with as much success as could be expected. Apart from this limitation of time, the conditions of education at the Colleges are very favourable ; a single, well-organised curricidum, a large and highly capable staff, boys for the most part very willing to work and impelled by the desire to do well in the profession chosen for them. The great educational experiment (for such it is) has been tried under most favourable auspices, and, in the opinion of the Inspectors, has achieved even in its first years a very high degree of success. They feel also that, in the light of the experience gained, even better results may confidently be expected in the futiire. Enclosure No. K) hi Third Report of Education Committee, dated 12>th Septemlier 1912. (Extract from Syllabus, dated March 1912.) Now in Force. TRAINING OF NAVAL CADETS. The following Syllabuses show the siibjects of instruction of Naval Cadets under the New Scheme of Training, from entry until they pass out of the Training Cruisers as Midshipmen. They include — I. Subjects of Studj' at the Royal Naval College, Osborne. II. Subjects of Stiidy at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. III. Subjects of Study in the Trainijig Cruisers. The training of Naval Cadets begins at Osborne, where they spend two years each comprising three terms. Thej^ next proceed to Dartmouth for two years, and thence to a Training Cruiser for two terms. Then they go to sea as Midshipmen, and after three years' service in that rank they are examined for the Rank of Lieutenant. The limits of age at entry are 12| and 13. Cadets therefore become Midshipmen normally at age ITs-lTf. I. — Royal Naval College, Osborne. (Jeneral Remarks. The hours of study on week-days are as follows : — 7.15 a.m. — 7.45 a.m. (winter) ; 7.0 a.m. — 7.45 a.m. (sununer), 9.0 a.m. — 1.0 p.m., with a break of 15 minutes at 11.15 a.m. 4.15 p.m. — 6.30 p.m. (winter) ; 2.15 p.m. — 4.30 p.m. (sununer). Wednesday and Saturday are half-holidays. i EKCI.OSlJItKS. 73 The times of evening- pre]inratinii are : — Monday : 7.45 p.m.— 8.15 p.m. Tuesday, Thursday, Friday : 7.35 p.m. — 8.5 p.m. Wednesday: 7.30 p.m. — 8.15 p.m. On Sunday there is a Scripture lesson from 10 a.m. to 10.45 a.m.; and a period in the evening 7.15 p.m. to 8 p.m. is assigned to reading English books in class. The normal " period " of study is 45 minulcs ; this is reduced to 30 minutes before breakfast (except in sunnner). Two consecutive periods are taken for Laboratory ; and two, or more generally three consecutive periods for Engineering. Distribution of Hours vkh Wkf.k (Summer Routine). Third and Fourtli First illll Kocoiiil Sixth Term. Fifth Torm. Teaching. Preparation. Terms. Tcacliin 'erms. Teaching. Preparation. Teaching. I'rejiaration. 1 J. I'lvparation. 1 . . Religious instruction U — 14 1.' _ 1.'. i Mathematics - 7i li 74 U 6J 2 6J •2 Physics . . . - 2i 1 2J 1 2^ i* 2i I* 4 Lalxiratory 14 ' — 14 — 1'. — 14 Engineering Lectures 1 1 k* 1 i* 1 4 P Engineering Workshops - 8 — 8 — 8 7 Frencli or German - 3? I 3i J 3^ 4 3J ■2 History . . - - 14 14 01 —4 -.1 4 2i 4 91 --4 3 1 Englisli - - - - 14 i# 14 i* 01 -^4 \* 2J .1* Geography 14 P 14 X* U i* 14 ;1* Seamanship 4 i — 4 — Signalling ^ - T — T J — Gymnastics 2i - 2i 1 - 2i - 2i — 33f 1 5 344 1 41 344 4J 344 4J I ; V J I J V 38J 381 38J 38a * Tins rqjiesents half an hour in alternate weeks. Tlie winter routine differs from the summer routine in the follnwini; particulars : — . ne wiiuor rouiuie diners iroui [iie sumuiur iouinlu iij lui* ii_iiMi\\ mt; [iuruuui;ii> . — (1) As the period before breakfast is reduced from J hour to .J liour. certain subjects lose time. (2) In terms 6. .">, 4. tlic time jriven to gymnastics is reduced liy J hour per week, of whicli i lionr uoes tn (ieiman) preparation, and { hour to engineering preparation. French (h Religious Instruction. Old Testament. First Fertr.— From the Call of Abraham to the Death of Moses. Sfcoiid rco?-.— The chief events in the Books of Joshua, Judges and 1. Samuel- The Book of Ruth. New Testament. A cycle of work, including The Gospels (1 year). Acts (1 year). Ill all Tenm. — Portions of the Psalms, and some Collects are learnt by heart. Catechism. In Term 0. — Short lectures on the sources from which the ])ooks of the Bible have come to us. Te.il /u)o/.-.?.— Bible : Life of Christ, Hillard : How we got our Bible, Smith. Matlwrndtics. Term 1. Aritliwctic. — Prime numbers; prime factors; vulgar fractions. Unitary method. Decimal fractions ; the metric system. Degree of approximation. Areas of rectangidar figures. Volumes of rectangular solids. Circumference and area of circle, surface and volume of cylinder. Algehi-a. — Notation. Substitution of numbers in algebraic expressions. Simple equations; problems. Use of squared paper ; graphs of statistics ; graphs of simple functions (not necessai-ily linear). Operations with simple terms. F ;? 74 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION : Geomctvij. — Use of drawing instruments. Drawing to scale ; lieariugs ; use of theodolite and azinuith compass. Simple geometrical solids. Fundamental facts connected with (1) angles at a point, (2) parallels. Exercises on these facts. Term 2. Arithmetic. — Square root (1) by calculation, (2) from tables. Surface and volume of solids whose plan and elevation is given. Algebra.— Graphical solution of equations ; simple simultaneous equations. Frac- tions, ^hdtiplication and division of poljmomials. Factors. Solution of quadratics by factors. Graph of x', and of with reference to indicator diagram. Geomctrij. — Fundamental facts connected with (1) equality of triangles, (2) sum of angles for triangle and polygon. Isosceles triangle. Parallelogram. Constructions associated with them. Locus of points equidistant from (1) two given points, (2) two given straight lines. Term 3. Arithmetic. —Ratio ; percentage. Simple interest. Exercises bearing on engineering (pressure ; pitch of screws ; trains of wheels). Algebra. — Equations involving algebraic fractions. Symbolic expression. Gra- phical solution of quadratics. Geometry. — The circle — circumference, arc, chord, angle properties. Plotting of loci and envelopes. Mccluinics. — Graphical exercises on parallelogram of forces. Term 4. Arithvieti c. — Logarithms . Algeh7-a. — Fractional and negative indices, to introduce Logarithms. Solution of quadratic equation by completing the square. Geometry. — Area. Trigouometry. — Tangent, sine and cosine of acute angle. Tangent of general angle, and graph of the tangent. Solution of right-angled triangles. Mechanics. — Exercises on resolution of forces. Term 5. Algebra. — Solution of quadratic equation by use of formula. Simultaneous solution of two ecpiations of which one is linear and the other quadratic. V'iiriation. Geometry. — The circle ; tangent properties. Trigonometry. — Solution of certain triangles by dividing into riglit-augied triangles. Mechanics. — Exercises on moments (lever ; centre of gravity). Term 6. Algebra. — Surds. Graphical solution of equations of degree higher than the second with a few examples. General considerations as to graphical representation of data (choice of scale, &c.) Geometry. — The circle. Extension of Pj^thagoras' theorem. Trigonometry. — Sine and cosine of obtuse angle. Sine and cosine formulas in connection with triangle. MeeJianics. — Exercises on equilibrium under three forces. Text-books. — The Winchester Arithmetic, Godfrey and Bell (Camb. Univ. Press). Elementary Geometry, Godfrey and Siddons (Camb. Univ. Press). Exercises in Algebra, Nettell and Hughes-Games (Longmans). Graphic Statics, Nettell (Arnold). Trigonometiy for Beginners, Mercer (Camb. Univ. Press). 4-figure ilathematical Tables, Bottomley (Macmillan). KSl'I.DSUUES. Ii> Pliysics. Term. l.cci iirt's. l.:ilinnitor.v Woik. I. - - - Hydi-OBtatics. Mensuration. Hyili-dstatics. II. ... Mechanics. Hydrostatics. Mechanics. in. ... Mechanics. Heat. Mechanics. IV. ... Heat. Mechanics. Heat. V. - - - Magnetism. Heat. Magnetism. VI. - - - Electricity. Mas^netism. Electrioity. Hydrostatics. — The elementary properties oF solids, liquids, and gases. Pressure iu a liquid on a horizontal finite area. How the pressure in a liquid increases with the depth. The pressure on the base of a vessel containing a liqiiid is independent of the shape of the containing vessel (Pascal's vases). The principle of tlie J^ramah press. Pressure in a gas. The existence of atmospheric pressure illusti'ated l)y simple experiments with tlie air pump. Measurement of atmospheric pressure ; the simple barometer ; the syphon barometer; the aneroid. The U-tubo pressure gauge ; measurement of the gas pressure in the Laboratory. Boyle's Law ; the Thomson sounding machine. The principle of Archimedes. The specific gravity of solids and liquids. The principle of flotati(m ; the connnou liy(h-t)nieter. The common punt]), the force pumji, and the syphon. Mechanics.- -The use of the spring balance to measure force. Equililjriuui of two forces which act on a body. Idea of stress ; every force is one aspect of a stress. Resultant offerees whicli act on a body in the same straight line. The parallelogram of forces. The resolution of a force into two components in assigned directions, treated graphically. The triangle of forces. The principle of moments (levers, and similar examples) ; the conditions of equilibrium of a body free to rotate about a fixed point. The reactions at the points of support of a loaded beam. The resultant of parallel forces which act on a body in the same sense. Centre of gravity. Couples. Stalile and unstable equilibrium. Elementary discussion of work, potential energy, antl kinetic energy. The laws of friction for non-lubricated solids. ^Machines, more particularly a system of j^ulleys, the screw-jack, and Weston's differential pulley; velocit}^ ratio, and efficiency. Heat. — The measurement of temperature by a mercury thermometer. The difference between quantity of heat and temperature. The effects of heat; rise of temperature, change of volume, change of state. The expansion of solids. The force of expansion i^or contraction) exerted by a solid during change of temperature ; rivets. The expansion of liquids ; the relative expansions of different liquids. The mercury thermometer; its construction and graibiation. Conversion of scales of temperature. The idea of heat as a form of energy; the methods of producing heat; the inter- changeability of heat and work. The quantitative measurement of heat; heat units. Specific heats, by the method of mixtures. Change of state ; the increase in volmne when water freezes ; the force of expansion when water freezes iu a closed vesscil. The measurement of the latent heat of fusion of ice. Eva])oration ; heat required for evaporation. Boiling. Boiling undei- reduced, and under increased pressure. Measurement of the latent heat of evaporation of water. Vapour pressure ; behaviour of saturated vapours when sul)jected to changes of pressure and temperature. Total heat of formation of steam. Solution, distillation. Conduction of heat in solids and liquids. Convection currents in water and in air (with special reference to the heating of boilers and to ventilation). The effect of the nature of the surface of a heated body on the rate at which it loses heat. Macjnctism. — Magnetic attraction and repulsion. How tn magnetise, and demagne- tise, a steel bar. The difference in the behaviour of soft iron and steel under Magnetic inductiou : retentJvity. Idea of iheconstilutiou oT a nuigucl as made u]i of molecular magnets. Liues of magnetic hjrce ; mapping out of a magnetic field, hlcmcutary discussion of the effects on a compass of the earth's magnetism (variation, dip) : and of the effects of ship's magnetism, permanent and in(bu:ed. F 4 76 COMMITTEE l)\ EDICATION" : Current Hlectricit!/. — The simple Voltaic cell. Polarisation and methods of avoiding it. The Daniell cell, and the Leclanche cell. The magnetic field set up in the neighbourhood of an electric current. Solenoids. The electric bell. Resistance ; how the resistance of a conductor depends upon its material, length, and cross-section. The olun. Resistance boxes. Measurement of the resistance of a conductor by the method of substitution. The chemical effect of a current ; electrolysis. The measure- ment of a current l)y a copper voltameter. The ampere. Calibration of an ammeter by a copper voltameter. Practical methods of measuring current. Electro-motive force ; the volt. Comparison of electro-motive forces by a high resistance galvano- meter, or bv a voltmeter. Ohm's law. Course of Laboratory Work. The course consists of simple experiments bearing on the following subjects :— 1. Mensuration. — Simple measurements of length, area, volume ; use of the balance. 2. Hydrostatics. — The specific gravity of solids. The si^ecific gravity of liquids. The principle of Archimedes. The principle of flotation. The measurement of gas pressures by a U-tube gauge. Boyle's law. 3. Mechanics. — The spring balance. Equilibrium of a body under the action of two forces. The parallelogram of forces. The triangle of forces. The principle of moments. Centre of gravity. The velocity ratio and efficiency of a system of pulleys, a screw-jaclv, and Weston's differential pulley. 4. Heat. — Measurements of tlie specific heats of solids antl liquids hy the method of mixtures Measurements of the latent heat of fusion of ice, and the latent heat of evaporation of \\ater. Measurement of the melting point of wax, and of the boiling point of water and salt solutions. 5. Mdcpietism. — Magnetic attraction and repulsion. Magnetic induction. Methods of magnetising and demagnetising a steel bar. The mapping of various magnetic fields. 6. Current Electric ity. — The simple cell : local action and polarisation. The magnetic-, field in the neighbourhood of a current. Resistance of wires. Measurement of I'esistance by the method of substitution. Measurement of current by an ammeter, and by a copper voltameter. Comj^arison of the electromotive forces of two cells. [English. It is found undesirable to allot definite portions of the scheme to individual Terms. Arrangements are made to secure that the whole course shall be covered. It com]irises : — The etiqviette of writing, e.g., handwriting, margins, use of capitals, hyphens, division of words at the end of a line, the possessive case, &c., Ac. Spelling and punctuation. Dictation. Reproduction (both oral and Avritten) of a passage of English read aloud to the class. Descriptions of all kinds. Letters of all kinds. Cominnatiou of sentences (to teacli the correct use of conjunctions). Expansion and condensation. Direct and indirect speech. Informal debates, followed by an essay. Reading and explanation of selected prose and verse extracts. Repetition of selected passages of English verse. Word exercises — synonyms and opposites, simple prefixes and suffixes, diminutives, formation of words, distinction of meaning between words somewhat similar, discrimination betwen words closely allied in sense. Text-book. — English poetry for schools, Cookson, (Macmillan). ENCLdSriiF.S. ( I History, Term 1. The Jxomaii Empire. Julius Caesar and liis adopted sou. Wliat the Roman Empire eompriseil. Britain : benetits oi' Roman Ruh' : a typical " province " (43—410). Ohristianitj' : why persecuted by Nero and others. Constantiue. The ruin of the " provinces," e.g., Britain. Coming of the English. Benedict and tlie Monasteries. The Monks in England : Augustine to Bede. The early church and its civilising influence. Conflict of British and Roman ('hristiauity. Mohammed. The Franks antl Charlemagne. Charlemagne's pupil Egbert — Wessex \inder Alfred. The Norsemen. Characteristics : types (Rollo, (/iiut). William the Conqueror. Hildebrand. Power of the mediaeval Clmrch : some references to Ansehn. Naval History. — The lives of Hawkins, Drake, Howard and Grenville. Ti:i!M 2. Henry H. and Becket. The Angevin Empire. Brief review of England since the death of William I. The Crusades. Jolm. Loss of France : quarrel with the Pope : Magna Charta. Simon de Montfort and representative government. England and Scotland. 1272-1333. The Black Prince. Hundred Years' War, Part I. The Earlier Renaissance (a) Dante (optional). (/<) Wyclif. Need of reform in the Church. Lollards. Black Death and Peasants' Revolt. William Tell. The Struggle for Swiss Independence. Bolingbroke. Weakness and tyranny of Richard II. Hereford v. Norfolk. Bolingliroke's return and usurpation. Shrewsbury. Hundred Years' War, Part 11. (a) Henry V. Agincourt and Troyes. (h) Joan of Arc. The Wars of the Roses (1455-1485). Margaret of Anjou : Warwick the King Maker : Richard III. Naval History. — The lives of Blake and Albemarle. Tkrm 3. The Renaissance, (a) Lorenzo de Medici. (b) Michelangelo. (c) Savonarola. (d) Columbus ; a word on the work of Ferdinand and Isabella. Henry VII. The Reformation, (a) Luther and Charles V. (h) Henry VIII. and Wolsey. (c) Henrv Vlll. and Cromwell, {d) Edward VI. and Mary. The "Age of Elizabeth. (a) Mary, Queen of Scots. (/>) William the Silent, ('r-) Henry of Navarre, (d) Character of Queen. Her favourites. (Brief revision of the work of the First Year.) Naval History. — The lives of Rooke, Benbow and Vernon. Ti:i;m 4. A link Avith the imst. (a) Raleigh. (6) James I. The Thirty Years' War. {a) Gustavus Adolphus. (7)) Richelieu. Cliarles f. His friends, Buckingham, Strafford, Laud. His enemies, Eliot, Hampden, Pvm. Causes of War. The Civil War (a brief outline). Cromwell. Age of Louis XIV. (1660-1715). (a) Louis XIV. Personalia, (b) ChaHes II. and the Restoration Settlement, (r) Sliaftesbury. Habeas Cor])us Act ; Exclusion Bill ; Sedgemoor ; Bloody Assize, (d) The Revolution and the Bill of Ivights. (c) William 111. Land Battles. (/) Montagu. National Debt ; Restoration of Currency ; Bank of England. (r/) Marlborough. Spanish Succession War (only Blenheim campaign in any detail), (/i) Act of Settlement. Closing years of Queen Anne. The Hanoverian Succession. Union with Scotland. Peter the Great. Naval History. — The lives of Anson and Hawke. 7(s commi'ltee 0\ edication : Tkkm 5. The " Filteen " Rebellion. Walpole. First Prime Minister. South Sea Sclieme. Excise Scheme. Eriiphasise Peace interval (1 713-1 730). The Young Pretender, and the " Forty-five." (o) Frederick the Great. (6) Pitt and the Seven Years' War. An effort to gToup naval and continental aspects. Clive. George III. His character and aims. Bute and King's Friend?. Corruption. War of American Independence : causes. Saratoga and Yorktown. Warreu Hastings. The Industrial Revolution. The Younger Pitt. Include Union with Ireland. The French Revolution. Napoleon. His rise ; Marengo, Aasterlitz. Peninsular Campaign. His downfall ; Austerlitz to St. Helena. Naval nistorij. — The lives of Keppel, Rodney and Howe. Term G. England after the Great War. Canning ; Navarino ; Catholic Emancipalion. Reform Bill and Chartism. Later extensions of the franchise. Peel. Irish famine and Repeal of the Corn Laws. Modern tendencies of tariff legislation. Crimean War. Later attempts at expansion by Russia. Indian Mutiny and its residts. The Age oi Napoleon III. (a) Regeneration of Italy: modern developments. (b) Regeneration of Germany : modern developments, (c) Franco-Prnssian War. American Civil War. Causes. How ^vas England affected ? Disraeli and Gladstone. The Imperialist and the Democrat. Suez Canal, Kaiser-i- Hind, Berlin Conference. Education of the masses (compulsory, free) ; Home Rule. England in Egypt. Gordon ; Cromei' ; Kitchener. South Africa. Dutch settlements. England asked to help against the Zulus. First Boer War. Cecil Rhodes and Rhodesia. Second Boei- War. Confederation of South Africa (c/. Dominion of Canada and the Commonwealth of Australia). Need of Confederation of the Empire : Difficulties. Naval History. — The lives of Duncan and Nelson. Text-hooks : — Brief Survey of English History, Townshend Warner, (Blackie). Scenes from European History, G. B. Smith, (Arnold). Sea Kings of Britain. CaUender, (Longmans). England in the XlXtli Century, Oman, (Arnold). New School Atlas of j\Iodern History, Ramsay Muir, (Philips). Geography. Term I.— The British Isles. ,, II. — North America — Canada and U.S.A. ,, III. — Europe. ,, IV. — India and Australia. ,, V. — South America, South Africa, Eg-j-pt, China and Japan. ,, VI. — (Preparatorj' to Navigation) Mathematical geographj' ; fieldwork. Astronomy. Spherical geometry. The general treatment in Terms I., II., IV. and V. includes : — A prelinjinarj- examination of position, area and surface features. Climate. There is no discussion of the many causes that determine the climate of a country. The basis of work is observation of main facts of temperature and rainfall as shown in the maps of the Atlas, followed by a study of their effect upon the conditions of human hfe in each country. The bearing of the character of the surface-features and climate upon the resources of the country and its system of communications. The effect of these resources (agricultural and mineral) upon the occupations and distribiition of the people, past and present. Finally, in the case of the countries that form part of I he British Empire, a brief survey of their relations to the mother-country. 'J'opography is dealt with incidentally in the course of the above uH)rk. ENCLOSURES. 79 This Term 11. procedure may be illiititrafed by the following oulline the wor k of America : — The position ; area. The surface-features : the mountain and river systems in detail. The climate : some comparison with that of the British Isles. The chief producing areas — agricultural districts. The mineral regions — industrial districts. The natural and artificial communications affecting the above. The distribution of the people in the above districts. (In the case of Canada as part of the Empire.) Political connection with British Isles. Gradual development into self-governing dominion. In Term III. the geography of Europe is taught with a double purpose, namely, to give thorough knowledge of the geographical features of the continent and to prepare the way for the History studied in later terms. It is shown how certain geographical features have influenced historical events, e.g., the influence of the sea, position, mountain barriers, passes, river valleys as centres of population and natural highways. Text-books. — (1) Bartholomew's Comparative Atlas (Meiklejohn and Holden). (2) A geographical note-book containing outline maps (specially lithographed by Stationery Office). French. The nuiin work of each class is based on a book selected for reading, which provides materials for conversation, grammar, drill, and dictation. Composition takes the form of writing answers to questions on a text, or the reproduction of a story read aloud. The Cadets are assisted in their reproduction by a skeleton containing the verbs in the infinitive mood and any liard or new words that may occur. A piece of composition and an exercise in dictation are done once a week. The greater part of the remaining time is given to the reading book. Fhench Grammar Scheme. I. — Feminine of nouns (regular). Plural of nomis (regular). Aiixiliary and regular verbs Feminine of adjectives (regular). Plural of adjectives (regular). Some common irregular verbs. II. — Definite, indefinite and partitive articles. Agreement of adjectives. Demon- strative and Possessive adjectives. Numerals. Comparison. III. — Feminine and plural of nouns (irregular). Feminine and plural of adjectives (irregular). Pronouns. Irregular verbs. Agreement of past participle. Subjunctive mood (elementary). IV. — Gender of nouns. Nouns with two genders. Position of adjectives. Irregular verbs. Subjunctive mood. Sequence of tenses. Adverb. Preposition. Conjunction. The portions of Grammar specified above are studied by the different classes according to the following scheme : — Tenn Class. 1 i 1 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 1 IV. IV. III. III. II. I. o IV. III. m. II. II. I. 3 III. III. II. i 1 II. I. I. German. In the first year Grammar is taught inductively, the Cadets making their own grammars in note-books provided for that purpose. In the second year suitable Gennan texts are chosen, according to the capacity of the different classes. These are treated on modern lines, in the same way as in the case of F'rench, and provide the nmterial for conversation, cpmposition, and gram- matical instruction. The use of English is not rigidly excluded from the class-room, and is allowed whenever time would otherwise be wasted and whenever clearnebs and accuracy of knowlege would be sacrified. Cadets learn to read, but not to write, the German characters, go COMMITTEE ON EPITATION : German Orammar Scheme. 'rcrm I. Declension of definite and indeliiiite articles. Declension of ntnins. Present indicative of certain verbs. Term 11. Declension of noims. Declension of adjectives. Comparison of adjectives. Personal, relative, interrogative and reflexive pronouns. Possessive adjective. Prepositions with accusative, with dative, with accusative and dative. Present indicative of certain verbs. Term III. Declension of nonns. Prepositions. Irregular verbs (present, future, imperfect, and past participle). Term IV. Declension of nouns, adjectiA'es, pronouns, &c. Comparison of adjectives and adverbs. Numerals. Pronouns. Verbs, active and passive. Strong verbs. Term V. Prepositions. I\lodel ver])s. Separable and inseparable verbs. Intransitive, impersonal and retlexive verl3s. ^V(n•d order. Strong verbs. Term VI. Conjunctions. Indirect speech. Indirect questions, commands, or wishes. Strong verbs. Text-Books: French. — (irammaire Elementaire, Poole, (jMurray). Picture Voca- bulary, Poole, (Murray). Dictionnaire, Gazier, ((Jolin). Textes et Questions, Poole and Ijassimoune, (Murray). Reading books, which vary from time to time. Germnn. — 1st year. Dent's New First German Book, (Dent). 2nd year. Dent's Exercises in Grammar and Word Formation, (Dent). ReaLling books, which v.^ry from time to time. E)igineering. (A.) — Lectures. 1st Term. 23 Lectures. Elementary mechanical drawing. Engines and boilers. Introductory definitions of energy, force, &c. Pressure. Methods of ol)taining and use of pressure in engines. Reciprocating, rotarj' and oscillating motion. Doidjie acting reciprocating engine. Single acting reciprocating engine. The crank. Dead centres. Use of flj'-wheel. Rotar\' engines. Turbines. Consideration of forces acting on different parts of a structure. Compression. Tension. Bending. Shear. Torsion. Forces acting on various parts of a reciprocating engine. Necessity for crosshead slipper and guide. Bearings. The screw. The screw propeller. Method of securing parts of an engine. Methods of preventing nuts from turning. Keying. Couplings and clutches. Workshop Lectures. 1. Carpenters' tools and materials. 2. Simple tools and materials in machine shop. 2nd Term. 23 Lectures. Bearings. Lubrication and lubricators. Methods of taking up wc^ar in bearings. Pawl and ratchet. The eccentric. Clocks and valves. Simple slide valve without lap or lead. Differential valves. Piston valves. Non-return valves. Force and lift piimps. Cams. Cycle of 4-stroke internal combustion engine. Methods of keeping piston steam tight in cylinder. Stuffing box and gland. Workshop Lectures. 1. Shapes and names of simpler cutting tools. 2. Wheel gearing of lathes. Simple screw cutting. liNci.iisruKfj. 81 3rd TeRiM. 12 Lectures. (a) Tlu' boiler. A\'ater tank and water lulx' l)oil(>ra. Advantages and disadvan- tages of eacli type. Principal l)oilcr inouiitings ami ilttiugs. Feedpumps. Condenser and fittings. [h) Gearing : Definitions. Pulley gearing. Spur wheel gearing. Helical wheels. Double helical wheels. Hovel wheels. Mitre wheels. Worm and worm wheel. Materials usetl in construction. Wrought iron. Cast iron. Steel. Copper and its alloys. Workshop Lectures. 1. Compound gearing. 2. Lathe and machine tools. iJrills and milling cutters. Fourth Term. 12 Lectures. (a) Effect of heat on materials. Expansion joints of pipes und cyliuder liners. Force. Work. Power. Energy. Boyle's law. (Iraphical representation of work. Effect of back pressure. The indicator. Indicator diagrams. Calcula- tion of work done from area of diagram. Calctdatiou of l.li.P. I'^xpansive working of steam. Sli'le valve with lap and lead. Angular advance of eccentric. Modificatioa of i^ressure vohime graphs due to action of slide valve. (b) Screw cnttiug. Trains ol wheels. Lathe back gear. Fifth Teum. 12 Lectures. Small engine installation. Explanation of construction of return tube boiler and necessity for staying. Detailed sketches of hre tubes, dog stays, &c. Points to be aimed at in the design of a boiler ; sliape, cond,)ustIon, heating surfaces, circulation, and steam space. How applied in case of return tube boiler. Ceneral conclusions. Difference between fire tube and water tube boilers. "Water tidje boilers. Describe and sketch large and small tube boilers, one of each type. Advantages and dis- advantages of water tube boilers. Reasons for employing different types of boiler for different classes of work. Revision of boiler mountings. Describe and sketch condenser. Describe circulating jjump and air i)ump, causes of loss of va'^uum. Describe : — Feed j^umps, feed tank, reserve feed tank, and evaporator. Causes of loss of feed water. Sixth Term. 12 Lectures. Heat. Vapours. Recapitnlate -1th Term Lectures (work, horse power, advantage of expansive working, slide valves, indicator diagrams). Work obtainable from expansion of steam in a cylinder theoretically : chief causes of loss in p]-actice. Cylii'Lder clearance volume and its effects. Reduced power working : throttling and linking up. " Cylinder condensation loss. Stage expansion and cylinder jacketing. Superheated steam. Steam turbines. Construction and working of Parson's turbine. Impulse and reaction. De Laval turbine. Single stage reaction. Many stage reaction. Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Terms. Workshop lectures. Machine Sit op. (Ij Chucks, method of holding work in lathes and machines. Cutting tools for screw threads ("'V" shaped and square) cutting double-threaded screws. Necessity for catc-liing proper threads when returning slide rest. (2) Shaping, slotting and drilling macliines. (3) Practical explanation of feed, vice and table niechanisnr of the above machines. Bra.^s Foundry. One lecture on Foundrj^ I)ractice. Pattern Sliop. One lecture on pattern making, tools and materials. Smithy. One lecture on forges, tool heats for working metals. Temperiuo-. Case hardening. 82 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION Weeks. SIlDl), &P. Pattern Shop (B). — Practical Wohk. First Term. \;\tui-p r)f Work. 12 Machine Shop Machine Shop Macliine Shop 1 Instructional Engines Instructional Steam- boat "Beta." Names of tools, gauges, &c. used in carpentering. Mortice and tenon, jointing, dovetailing. Make a box. Simple wood turning. One week of above spent in H.M.S. "Eclipse" acquiring general infor- mation with regard to ship and machinery. Chipping wrought iron, cast iron and gun metal with cold chisel and cross-cut. Filing same. ]\Iark off and file up centre punch from round. Second Term. Cut out callipers from sheet, file up, bend, turn pin and washers for same. Cut nut gauge out of sheet iron, and file up to correct angles. Simple latho work ; commence lathe screw cutting. Use of stocks, dies and taps. Third Term Make carriers, turning bolts and cutting threads in lathe. Lathe work with screw cutting. Use of shaping, slotting and drilling machines. Mark oft' and shape link blocks by machine. " Marking off " instruction 2 days. Open out cylinder, draw piston and piston slide valves. Open out air pimip ; sketch condenser ferrules ; see main bearing adjusted with leads. Eight days harbour instruction : two days steaming. Sketch boiler and air pimap. Instruction in pre- paring for sea, warming through and steaming, manoeuvring engines under steam ; boiler feed, &c. FouRTi], Fifth and Sixth Terms. Machine Shop 6 6 General l^ench, lathe and machine work. Turning and fittingcocks and valves ; fitting tongue piece to piston ring; turning, machining and bedding brasses on pins, &c. Engine adjustments. Screw cntting. Square thread cutting. Preparing tools. Boring out brasses. Tiirning eccentric straps, &c. Sketching mechanism. Simple castings in brass, cocks, valves, glands, brasses, &c. Burning on. Mould for sheave. Use of cores. ^lechanical drawing. 1-inch l)olt and nut. Spaunei'. Valve wheel. Vice screw. Piston rod. Sun prints. Round bar to scpiare. Square bar to round. Hexagon taper drift. Scarfing and welding. Making links. Make pair of tongs. Tempering. Simple patterns of l)olts, glands, brasses, eccentric sheaves and straps with core prints anc^ core boxes. Dnring above time Special Classes are taken as follows : — Fourth Term. One week Sketching class. Sketch bolt with nut in section. Elevation and section of straightway cock. Spanners. One week Coppersmith's shop. Simple tinning and soldering. Use of fluxes. Remettling small brasses. Fifth Term. Three days Torpedo boat, two of which are spent under steam. Preparing for sea. Lighting up and warming through. Engine and boiler room practice under 6 Machine Shop (Special Lathe Class) Foundry Drawing Office Smithy Pattern Shop ENC1.0SUKES 83 way. Action taken in case of Ijurst tube, loss of water, loss of vacuum, &c. One day setting eccentrics of engines in shops to Cdrrcct angle nf advaiu-e. Examinations in practical workmanship (by in(>ans of test jobs) are held twice a term for all Cadets. WOUKSHOP Cvci.K. The Cadets of each term ai'e divided into four groups lor instruction in Engineer- ing, A and 13 lieing the lirst and second ]iarts of the Starboai-d Watcli, and C and 1) the first and secund parts of the Port Watch. Tcnii. I'Mrst. Socoiiil. Third. Ki)urlli. Fifth. Sixth. Pai-t .... A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D First Half Term Second Half Term P P P P M M M M MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM P M M S M P P P M F M S M F M S M P P S M = Machine Shop. p r Pattern Shop, or 1 Carpenter's Shop. S = Smithy. F ~ Foimdiy. O =: Drawing Office. FiitsT Term. Bends and hitches Uses of blocks - Second Term. Knots and splicing Whippings Tiiikd 'I'eum. Splicing - - • - Stropping blocks Fourth Term. Sounding machine Rigging sheers, lead - Rule of Road Fifth Term. Anchor work Compass and charts - Sixth Term. Restmie of former instruc- tions - - - . Cutter instruction Seamanship, Per Term. 9 hours. }^ -^2 i; 4-1 u 2 >> 4 J 41- *2 )) Pfi- Teriii. Signals, Semaphore and Morse 9 hours. Signals, Semaphore and ^lorse 9 Signals, Semaphore, Morse, and Flags - - - . 9 Signals, Semaphore, Morse, and Flags - - _ _ Signals, Se:naphore, Morse, and Flags - - - - 9 Signals, Semaphore, Morse, and i^lags - - !j „ Semaphore. — Making and reading with baud flags. Morse. — Making and reading with flag and lamp. Flags. — Colours and simple meanings of all flags and pendants, Service code 84 COM-MllTLE O.N IcnCCATION : 11. — Royal Naval College, DAitiMorxH. Distribution of Hours per Week. Sixlli Term. Fifth Temi. 1 Fourth Terra. Third T erm. Second Term. First T criti. Teach. I'roi). Teach. Prep. Teach. Prep. Teach. Prep. Tcacli. Picp. Teach. rrei" Religious lusti-uction li n IJ 1^ U IJ Mathematics (Pure) 4 or 3 or 2 2A, 2 orU 4 or 3 24 or 2 4 or 3 24 or 2 4 •^ 24 .5 01 •-■2 Na-\-igation 2 or 3 or 4 1. n or 2 2 or 3 lor 14 2 or 3 lor 14 1 4 — — — Applied Mathematics — — — — — — 2 ' — .^ — 4 1 2 Chemistry — — — — — — — — — — 4 1 Optics - Mechanics 2 ? 2 a 3 2 * .1 4 — Electricity 2 3 4 ? •-} J 3 4 — — Laboratorj' - .■> 2 i> >> 2 — — . — Engineering Lectures Worksliops French or German 1 8 4 4 2 i 8 4 _I_ 1 8 4 1 8 4 ,1 2 1 8 4 1 •2 2 1 8 1 4 4 2 History - 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 i> 1 1 English f> J 2 i 2 A 2 1 1 2 2 4 Charts and Instruments - 1 1 1 — Some in — Mathematics' time Seamanship Gymnastics - 14 — 14 14 14 H — 2 2 i — 2 2 = 2 2 = 34a > y- 43 9 43 34f 9 35J 1 8 -1 35a 8 35a 8 43 1 43J 43 1 431 111 the summer term the working hours are 7.0 a.m. to 8.0 a.m., 9.0 a.m. to 11.0 a.m., 11.15 a.m. to ].15 p.m., 2.30 p.m. to 4.30 p.m. and S.O p.m. to 8.55 p.m., but there is no work on Wednesday afternoon, nor on Saturday afternoon and evening. In the winter and spring terms the hours are the same except that the afternoon work is from 4.30 to 6.30, and from Xovendier 1st to February 28th the hours are 7.20 a.m. to 8.10 a.m., 9.5 a.m. to U.o a.m., 11.20 a.m. to 1.20 p.m., 4. .30 p.m. to 6.30 p.m. and 8.0 p.m. to 8.55 p.m. Preparation goes on from 8.0 p.m. to 8.55 p.m., on some mornings from 7.0 to 8.0, and in the summer term on some afternoons from 2.30 to 3.30. On Monday evenings cadets do their preparation with their tutors, at other times under the charge of an officer or master, except in the case of the sixth term. The normal length of the period devoted to a subject is an hour, but laboratory work occupies two consecutive hours, and engineering occupies three groups of two and one of three consecutive hours. Gymnastics occurs at any periotl of the day excej)t before breaivfast and in the first hour of the afternoon ; religious instruction either fi-om 7.0 a.m. to 8.0 a.m. or 9.0 a.m. to 10.0 a.m. The time table is arranged to provide work in as great a diversity of subjects as possible each day. On Snndays religious instruction is given from 9.45 a.m. to 10.30 a.m. Each term of cadets, numbering generally from 60 to 70, is divided into four classes, according to proficiency ; during nearly all the honrs of study the cadets of any one term are Avorking at the same subject, so the distribution into classes depends on pi'oficiency in that particular subject. In most cases the time allotted to the various subjects is the same for all classes in a temi and the abler cadets cover rather more ground than the minimum laid down for the least able, as is shown in the syllabus ; but in order to ensure that all should attain to the standard in naviga- tion necessary on passing out, extra time is provided as required for the weaker cadets in this subject at the expense of their further progress in mathematics. ISlathematics. Alqebra and Arithmetic. — Mensuration of circle, cylinder, prism, cone, pyramid, sphere. Simpson's rule. Use of logarithms. Revision of Elementary Algebra, iliscellaneous equations and problems. Use of squared paper in solution of equations, in finding maxima and minima, in finding the approximate law connecting- two variables, when it is of the form y - ax + b. Easy Surds and Indices. Variation. ENCI.OStJRKS. 85 Geomelri/, Plmic. — Revision exercises uu i);ir;ili(i.s, irianol, ,, and cirelf's. Ratio and proportion. Properties of similar figures. Geometry, Solid. — Meaning oJ' angle between two planes, and of angle between a line and a plane. Meaning of x, y, z, co-ordinates. Easy examples from tin- common solids. Sleasnrement of sides and angles of spherical trianglc^s by actnal drawing on a sphere. Simple exercises in ])lau and elevation. Trigonomelry, Plane. — Solntion of triangles : areas : proofs of formnlas. Problems in heights and distances. Use of traverse table for solution of triangles. Circnlar measure. Trigonometrical ratios for angles of any niagnitnde. Equations — some graphically. Meaning of Inverse Notation The more able cadets to do also: — addition and factor formnlas : a few identities and simplilicatious. Trigonometry, Spherical. — See Navigation Syllabus. Text-books.' -Godfrey and Siddons' " IClemeritary Geometry." Mercer's " Trigo- nometry for Beginners," Nettell and llTighes-Games' " Exercises in Algebra." Htgher Mathematics. (For the more Advanced Cadets.) Algebraical Geometry. Straight Line. — Interpret constants in y = mx + n. Equation of line through given point with given gradient; Equation of line joining two given points. Conditions of parallelism and perpendicularity. Length of perpendicnlaj- from (h, k) to ax -i- by + c = 0. Loci. — Equation of locus of point moving so as to satisfy certain geometrical conditions. Note specially circle in forms x- + y^ = ?•-, {x - It)- -;- (y — k)- - r~, ic- + (/- + ax + by +0=0. Parabola. — Focus-directrix definition. Equation in forms — y = ax'-, y — fe = (( {x — li)-, y = ax^ + bx -{■ c Ellipse. — Focus directrix definition. Equation in form -g -r '^2 -"- 1- Relation to circle x^ + y" = «"• With help of calculus, consider some geometrical jn-operties of curves whose equations are given. Calculus. — Elementary notions with illustrations from dynamics (speed) and geometry (gi-adient), &c. Differential coefScient of x". Use in (1) finding tangents at given points of y = /(x); (2) finding speed at end of given time; (3) finding rate of growth of y, given that of x ; (4) finding maximum and minimum values ; (5) finding approximations. The inverse operation. Area as limit of sum of dA f* rectangular strips ; y; = ;/. Meaning of notation I / (a;) fZx. Application of integral calculus to areas, volumes of revolution, moments of inertia, centre of gravity, &c. Differentiation of the trigonometrical functions, product, quotient, and function of a function. Inverse function. Ditt'erentiation of e'' and log^ x. Text-book. — Mercer's " Calcidus for Beginners." ~o^ Navigation. Second Tfjim. Spherical (Jcuinctry. — Geometry of the sphere. Systems of circles connected with an axis. Geogi-aphical and astronomical names of these circles. Practical work on the globe. Construction of spherical triangle on the globe. Polar triangle. Third Term. Spherical Trigonometry. — The Fundamental formula. X^e Natural Haversiue formula. The Logarithmic Haversine formula. Solution of spherical triangles by these formulas. Navigation. — The Formula " Dep. — (d Longitude) (cos Latitude)." Middle latitude sailing. Taking a departure by bearing and distance. Finding course and distance to a destination. Working up dead reckoning from note-book entries. Pdotage. — First ideas of a chart ; different methods of fixing on a chart. U 12600 (^ 86 COMMITTKK ON EDUCATION Fourth Term. Sphcriciil T)-igono}netry. — Application of formulas to great circle sailing. Applica- tion of formulas to simple astronomical prol)lems. Right-angled ami quadrantal triangles, treated as special cases of general triangle. Sunrise and sunset. Amplitude table. Ndvigalimi. — Mercator sailing. Correction and conversion of courses. Revision of Middle Latitude sailing. Variation and Deviation of Campass. — Variation due to earth's held. Its value taken from the chart. Deviation due to ship's field. General ideas of effects produced, dealing Avith red and blue poles as in Admiralty Manual. Deviation table made by swinging ship. Constant checking necessary by taking sights at sea. Explain hov^' ship acquires permanent magnetism while building. Given ship with red or blue permanent pole in a definite position indicate in a diagram the nature (E. or W.) of resulting deviation. State on which courses deviation (due to permanent magnetism) is nil and a maximum. Hence, with a given maximum value of deviation draw a sine curve, showing value of deviation for any given course. Permanent magnetism produces semicircular deviation. Induced magnetism in vertical soft iron also produces semicircular deviation. Induced magnetism in horizontal soft iron produces quadrantal deviation. Permanent magnetism corrected by permanent magnets in binnacle. Effect of vertical soft iron corrected by Flinder's bar. Effect of horizontal soft iron corrected by spheres. Pilotage.— Constmction (in pencil) Mercator's charts, including all fixes ; application of deviation and A'^ariation. Fifth Teum. Spherical Tr/go)io)netnj and Navigatioi. — Revision. Prime vertical tables. Astronomy. — Meridian altitudes of sun and stars. The Astronomical triangle. Sun's declination and equation of time : their correction for given Greenwich mean time. Sextant altitude of sun : corrections in altitude from tables. Solution of Astronomical Triangle for zenith distance and azimuth. Obtaining position line fi-oni dead reckoning, deck watch time and sextant altitude of sun. Determination of deviation from altitude-azimuth. Pilotage. — Construction of charts (continued). The sextant ; its parts ; how to measure an angle with it ; reading on and off the arc ; practical methods of ascer- taining errors and adjusting. Sixth Term. 'Navigation and Astronomy. — Fixing ship's position by a sun-sight and simidtaneous bearing plotted on a skeleton chart. Chronometer and deck watch : Error and rate. Determination of chronometer error by altitude of sun, using artificial horizon. Revision of previous work. Pilotage. — Practical fixing, laying off courses, and thoroughly understanding a printed chart. Proofs of optical properties of sextant and artificial harizon, and index error ; measuring a single altitude of sun in an artificial horizon ; measuring horizontal and A'ertical angles with sextant. Kelvin (Thomson) and Chetwynd compasses ; their construction ; practical methods of taking bearings. The use of a chronometer. Tide tables ; methods of finding time and height of high and low water at standard ports. Science Scheme. First Term. Chemistry. — Lectures : 4 hours per week. Applied Mathematics (including Mechanics), 4 hours per week. Second Term. Optics. — Lectures : 2 hours per week. Mechanics. — Lectures : 2 hours per week. Ot'Tics and Mechanics.— Laboratory : 2 hours per week. Applied i\L\THEMATics. — 2 hours per week. ENCLOSURES. 87 Third Term. Mechanics.- -Lectures : 2 hours per wook. Electricity. — Lectures : 2 hours per week. Mechanics and Electricity. — Laboratory : 2 hours per week. Applied MathematiCv^!. — 2 hours per week. Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Terms. Mechanics. — Lectures : 2 hours per week. Electricity. — 2 hours per week. Electricity aud Mechanics. — Laboratory : 2 hours per week. Uhemi.ffy'ij. Physical and chemical changes; distiuctiou and phenomena attending them. Distinction between mixtures and compounds. Separation ol' constituents oi' mixtures. Fixity of proportion of constituents of compounds. Examples of synthesis and analysis of comp)Ounds. Elements. Constituents of air. Preparation and properties of oxygen. Combustion of carbon, sulphur, pliospliorus, iron, magnesium, and sodium in oxygen. Acidic and basic oxides. Properties of nitrogen. Composition of air by volume. Constituents of water. Preparation and properties of hydrogen. Combus- tion of hydrogen and oxygen. Synthesis of water by burning hydrogen in air, and by the redaction of copper oxide. Decomposition of water by electrolysis and by passing- steam over red-hot iron. Solutions of solids and gases in Avater. Water of crystallisa- tion. Carbon. Allotropic modifications of carbon. Preparation and properties of carbon dioxide. Simple statement of the atomic aud molecular theory of matter. The meaning of symbols, formulas and equations, and their use as practical tools. Combustion. Explanation of the chemical action when a hydrocarbon burns. Products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons. Products of destructive distillation of coal. Structure of a flame. Calorific value of coal and oil. Slow combustion. Oxidation of metals ; influence of moisture. Respiration. Spontaneous combustion of coal. Flash point of oils. Carbon as reducing agent. Licomplete combustion. Formation and properties of carlion monoxide. Producer gas. Sulphur. Properties of sulphur dioxide. Effects of pyrites in coal. Properties of ammonia Acids, bases and salts. Preparation of salts by action of acids on metals, metallic oxides and hydroxides. Neutralisation. Double decomposition ; precipitation. Valency of an element as an aid to prediction of formulas. Examples of common classes of salts, namely : — Chlorides of sodium, silver and zinc, sal-ammoniac. Saltpetre. Gypsum and plaster of Paris. Lead sulphate. Washing soda and chalk. Preparation of lime from chalk. Cement. [Simple tests for these classes of salts.] Temporary and permanent hardness of water. Boiler deposits. Explosives. Essentials of a good explosive. Mixtures and compounds. Gunpowder. Meaning of explosion and detonation. Nitro-glycerine, gun-cotton, cordite and dynamite. Fulminate. Optics. Light travels in straight lines. Pin-hole camera. Shadows. Laws of reflection. P^-inci"ple of sextant. Artificial horizon. Laws of refraction. Refractive index. Refraction through glass plate and prism. Atmospheric refraction. Total reflection ; critical angle. Total reflection prism. Reflection at concave spherical siirface. Parabolic reflector. Refraction thi-ough a lens. Meaning of focal length. Character and size of images formed by a lens. Geometrical construction of real and virtual images. Telescopes. Magnifying power. Erecting eye-piece. Range-finder. Practical Work in Optics. Laws of reflection. Laws of refraction. Refraction through plate and prism. Determination of refi-active index of glass. Reflection at surface of concave mirror. Refraction through a convex lens. Magnifying power of a telescope. Range finder. Mechanics. (The items enclosed in square brackets are for the more able Cadets only.) Fundamental mechanical ideas. Composition and resolution of forces, with illus- trations. Conditions of equilibrium of three forces in one plane. Force polygon. G 2 88 CoMMriTEF: on EDUCATIOK ; ]\lonieut of a force. Couples. Centre of gravity. Stresses in derricks, &c. [and in the parts of simple jointed frames loaded at the joints]. Work and energy. Conservation of energy. Average, uniform, and variable speed ; velocity at an instant ; Newton's First Law of Motion ; mass and inertia. Effect of constant force on a body in direction of motion. Demonstration that, starting from rest, change of velocity is proportional to the time during which force acts, and that the velocity at any time is twice the average velocity from rest. Idea of uniform acceleration. Cunieralisation for all bodies moving under constant force. Deduction of .s- = -hd-. V^ertical motion under gravity. For different forces on the same body, show that acceleration is proportional to force. Effect of force independent of velocity. Forces needed to produce the same acceleration in bodies of different masses. Kinetic unit of force ; poimdal and dyne. F = nia. Comparison of masses of different materials. Distinction between mass and weight ; weight proportional to mass. Relation between gravitational and absolute units of force. Effect of constant force on a body in a direction inclined to the direction of motion. Composition and resolution of displacements and velocities. Projectiles. Horizontal projection. Effect of force independent of velocity of body, in all cases. Inclined projection ; range on horizontal plane, neglecting air resistance. Newton's Second Law of Motion. Physical independence of forces. Energy. Proof that Fs = ^mv'^ foot-poundals, and hence by law of conservation of energy, that |^?Hr^ measures kinetic energy. Graphic representation of work done by uniform and variable forces. Indicator diagrams. Power and horae-pow^er. Transmission of power by belt. Brake horse-power. Rope and Prony brakes. Joule's equivalent. Friction. Coefficient of friction between solids. Limiting angle of pressure at the surface of contact. EiUciency of power transmission in machines. Stress. Every force is one aspect of a stress. Newton's Third Law of Motion. J\lomentum. Inpact. Recoil. Conservation of momentum. Change of momentum measured liy Ft. Reaction of Maxim gun, and of pipe delivering jet of water. Relative motion. Action of wind on sails, and of jet on turbine blades. Velocity at an instant deduced from space- time curve. Velocity-time curve. Acceleration at any instant. To find acceleration from velocity-time curve. Value of a force at any instant given l^y F = ma. Composition of forces deduced from composition of accelerations. Vectors. Uniform motion in a circle. Proof of expression for acceleration. Cleaning of the term " centrifugal force " ; conical penduhun, application to governors. Kinetic energy of rotating body ; moment of inertia ; T^ — i Iw- ; function of flywheels ; nmnerical examples. Simple harmonic motion. Space-time curve a sine curve. ^Motion of a piston approximately S.H.iM. [Acceleration in S.H.M. proportional to disj^lacenient ; hence vibration in S.H.^1. if restoring force is proportional to displacement. How to calculate the periodic time. Spiral spring, simple pendulum, vSimple illustrations of vibration produced by periodic impulses.] Hydrostatic pressure at a point. Total force on submerged plane surface. Idea of centre of pressure ; [determination of centre of pressure in simple cases.] Centre of pressure of a rudder ; torque on rudder head ; balanced rudders. Equilibrium and stability of floating body. Displacement tonnage ; tons per inch immersion. Centre of buoyancy. Inclining experiments to investigate stability of ship. Metacentre and metacentric height. [Effect on stiffness and steadiness.] Mechanics. — (Labokatory Course.) Hooke's Law for a wire. Extension of wires to rupture, stress-strain curves. Torsion ; to show angle of twist is proportional to the torque and also to the length. Measurement of co-efficient of friction. Measure value of a train of wheels, and efficiency of a machine. Application of triangle of forces and resolution of forces. Verification of calculated position of centre of gravity of a system of masses and of a lamina. Motion of a body fi-om rest rmder constant force. Direct determination of an approximate value of " ^r." Comparison of the effects of different forces on EXCLOSORKS. 39 the same ])ody. I^atli of a ])roj(X-tilc, lidrizdntal ]>roj(Tti()ii. Uaiige u\' a pnijcftik', iuelined projection. Conversion ot' potential into kinetic energy. Measurement of brake horse-power and efficiency of a motor. \'erification of principle of conservation of momentum. Measurement of reaction of a jet of water on the pipe. Verificalion of calculated value of centrifugal force. Kinetic energy of rotating flywheel. [Simple harniouic motion ; to verify period of oscillation of a mass suspended from a spiral spring, and of liquid in a U tube. Period ol' oscillation of a sinqile pendnlum.] Deteruiination of centre of buoyancy, centre of gravity and inetacentre of a ship model. [Construction of cam to fullil given conditions.] Elect )'i city. (The elementary phenomena of Magnetism and Current Electricity have been dealt with at Osljorne. The items enclosed in square brackets are foi- the moic ahl(> Cadets only.) Practical units of current, resistance and E.M.F. Definition of ampere; standardising an ammeter by a copper voltametef. Resistance of a wire and what it depends on. Ohm. E.i\r.F. and Difference of Potential. Volt. Standard cell. Use of high resistance galvanometer as voltmeter. Ohm's Law. Verication for complete circuit and for any part of a circuit. Numerical examples. Effect of internal resistaucte of cell. Menotti testing set and its advantage for testing gun circuits. Fall of potential along a uniform conductor. Potentiometer metliod of measuring E.M.F. Resistances in parallel. Shunts. Weston Voltmeter and Ammeter. Measurement of resistance by Wheatstone's Pridge. Measurement of resistance by observing potential difference when a known current is passing. Specific resistance. Effect of temperature on the resistance of metals and insulating materials. [Temperature coefficient.] Advantages of mangauin, &c. Principle of Callendar's Thermometer. [Simple tests for insulation resistance. Tests for locating fault in a cable.] Heating Efi^ects. Joule's Law. Verification of H = C^Rt. Watt. Board of Trade unit. Relation of Horse-Power to Watt. Hot wire voltmeter. Incandescent lamps. Electric power transmission. Efficiency of transmission ; advantage of high voltage. [Elementary principle of thermo-electric junction and its use as a thermometer.] Arc lamps, hand and automatic. Search-lights. Clhemical efi:ects. Secondary cells ; behaviour during charge and discharge. Forms and actions of primary cells, Daniell and Leclanche. Magnetic effects. Magnetic field due to a current. First notions of magnetisation of iron and steel by a solenoid, magnetisation curve. Foi'ce on a ciirrent-beai'ing conductor in a magnetic field. Suspended coil galvanometers. Electromotors; the functions and simple forms of armature, its iron core and multiple coils, commutator, brushes, field magnets, pole pieces, series and shunt windings. Induction of currents. Dynamos ; elementary notions. Dual aspect of dynamo or motor; qualitative relations between mechanical work and current in dynamo and motor. I'ypes of winding of field magnets of motors and djmamos. Ceneral behaviour of shunt and series wound uiotur (experimental). General behaviour of shunt and compound wound dynamos. [Characteristic curves of series and slunit dynamo and motor.] Conditions for exciting a dynamo. Energy losses due to friction, electrical resistance of conductors, eddy enrnuits in iron and copper, and hysteresis. Efficiencies of dynamo and motor. Quantitative meaning of magnetic lines of force. [Absolute electromagnetic units of current, quantity, E.M.F. and resistance. Work done when a current-bearing conductor cuts across lines of force. Energy required to maintain a current. Value of E.M.F. induced by cutting lines of force. Energj^ required to establish a current ; self-induction.] Forms of winding in ring and drum armatures. [Effect of varying impressed E.M.F. on a motor (1) when magnets are saturated, (2) when field strength varies with E.M.F.] G 3 yO COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION : Armature reaction. [Magnetic induction in iron. Measurement of flux ; magnetising force ; per- meability ; saturation ; retentiveness. Hysteresis ; energy loss in magnetisation. Molecular theory. Magnetic qualities of iron for various purposes.] Electric bells ; wiring for system ; bell indicator. Telegraph ; Morse sender and receiver ; relay ; earth return ; method of wiring two stations to send and receive at each. Telephone ; receiver and transmitter. Elementary ideas in electrostatics : charge, potential, capacity, induction, condensers, electrophorus, electrostatic voltmeter. Induction coil. Spark. Wireless Telegraphy, brief outline. Electricity.— (Laboratory Course.) Check ammeter by copper deposition. Verify Ohm's Law. Potentiometer, for measuring E.M.F. of a cell [and calibration of voltmeter and ammeter, and measure- ment of small resistance]. Measurement of resistances by Wheatstone's bridge method. Variation of resistance with dimensions of a wire ; specific resistance. Measurement of resistance of an armature by anuueter and voltmeter. []\Ieasurement of temperature coefficients.] Experiments with lamps in series and parallel. [Construct a practical voltmeter and anuueter out of a sensitive galvanometer and determine the value of the grackiations. Simple loop test for locating a fault.] Use of cell-tester. Determination of Joule's ecjuivalent. Connect up a shunt motor with starter, voltmeter and ammeter ; reverse direction of rotation ; determine power taken when running light ; run it on a brake and compare brake horse-power witli electrical in-put. [Compare back E.M.F. of a motor as calculated from total armature resistance and current in armature, with the E.M.F. generated in the same armature when run as a dynamo in the same direction at the same speed and with the same excitation of field magnets. Plot speed of shunt motor against field current, when running light.] Experiments on a shunt dynamo ; illustration of failure to excite, and how corrected ; regulation of voltage ; determination of efficiency. Determination, by separately excited dynamo, of relation between voltage, field current, and speed. Sketch all connections of switch-board and motor generator, including starting resistance, field regailators [and aiitomatic cut-outs]. Practise starting and controlling motor and dynamo, and charging battery. [Take external characteristics of shunt dynamo, and determine from it the total characteristic ; same experiment with series dynamo.] Experiment on arc lamp. [Magnetisation cui'ves of iron and steel. Measm-e insulation resistance with megger.] Assemble the units of two telegraph stations. Text Book. — Electricity and Magnetism, Ashford (Arnold). English Language and TAteralure. First Term. Exercises in the use of words, synonyms and figures of speech. Instruction in the analysis and in the construction of sentences. Paraphrasing and reproduction. Lessons in the method of expanding disconnected detail into continuous prose. Reading aloud in class of fairly long selections from easy and picturesque prose- authors such as Prescott, Napier, Macaulay ; and of easy selections from poets such as Goldsmith, Tennyson. For this and all terms a number of authors is allotted sufficient to allow of consideralile choice. Repetition : A minimum of 70 lines of English Poetry (taken from Cookson's " Selections from English Poetry "). In each term the cadets are allowed a certain liberty in the choice of pieces to be committed to memory. Second Term. Paraphrasing of more difficult pieces. Reproduction of longer and more difficult passages. Exercises intended to develop faculties of observation and description. Instruction in letter-writing (personal). Reading aloud in class of passages from prose-authors such as Southey, Thackeray, Addisou. Reading selections from Arnold and Coleridge, and also two of the easier plays of Shakespeare, one a comedy and one an historical play. Repetition : Revision of First Term's lines, with 70 additional lines, KNCLOSURES. 91 HUM) I i:i;m. Coutinuatiou ol the work of tlie Second Term at an advanced stamlanl. Los^^ol1S in paragraph-building. Letter writing (personal) continued. Reading aloud of prose passages from authors sucli as Uoldsinith, Addison, Kinglake ; two essays of Macaulay ; poetry from different autliors and also two further plays of Shakespeare, a comedy and an historical play. Repetition : Revision of previous work, with 70 additional lines. FouKTH Term. Continuation of the work of previous terms. Les.sons in the making of abstracts and sunnuaries of simple passages. Expansions of more difficult ])assages. Letter- writing (personal and olHcial). Reading aloud of prose passages from Boswell, Carlyle and l''roudt> ; two more essays of Macaulay ; two of Shakespeare's historical plays. Repetition : Revision of previous work, wdth 70 additional lines. Fifth Term. Longer and more difficult Abstracts or Summaries. Exercises in literary taste in the form of criticism of selected passages of prose and poetrj-. Letter-Avriting carrieel on. Easy Constructive Essays. Reading aloud from Gibbon, Lamb, and Emerson ; two more of Macaulav's essays ; in poetry Byron's " Childe tlarold," and a tragedy and a comedy of Shakespeare. Repetition : Revision of ])revious work, with 70 additional lines. Sixth Term. Work in composition continued on the same lines, but on an advanced standard. Further exercises in carefully chosen essay subjects. Reading aloud of selections from Bacon, Burke, and Walpole's Letters ; a literary essay of Macaulay and the Third Chapter of Macaulay's Historj' ; in poetry, a tragedy and a comedy of Shakespeare. Repetition : Revision of previous work, with 70 additional lines. European Hislonj. First Term. Beginning of the Renaissance ; invention of printing ; age of discovery and founding of Empires. The great Powers of Europe and their relations at the ojiening of the 16th century. Germany before the Reformation. The Protestant revolution in England, France, Germany, and elsewhere. The Counter Reformation. The Thiity Years' War. Second Term. Richelieu and the establishment of absolute iuonai-chj\ The struggle for Parliamentary freedom in England. The ascendency of France in the rc^'gn of Louis XIY. The I'ise of Russia and Prussia. The expansion of England. Third Term. The evils and abuses of the Old Regime in France. TiOuis XIV. and attempts at reform. Destruction of the Old Regime. Attempts to make a ccmstitut ion between 1789 and 1791. First French Republic and the war against Em-ope, 1792-3. Reign of Terror. France in 1795. Bonaparte in Italy and Egypt. Bonaparte as Consul. Napoleonic Empire. Xapoleon's Campaigns. National uimsings against him, and his downfall. Fourth Term. Congi-ess of \'ienna. France under restored monarchy and the Second Republic. Napoleon III. The Third Republic. The unilication of Italy. The struggle for liberty and unity in Germany. Foundation of the German Empire under Bismarck and William I. The Turkish question. G 4 92 rOMMlTTKE OX KPUCATION : I'^IFTU TeKM. Tl)p United Kiugdom and tlie Empire since Waterloo ; relations with Europe and other powers during the century; industrial revolution; Catholic emancipation; aljolition of slavery ; Reform Bills and widening of the Franchise. Irish question ; social and economic changes ; democracy and socialism. Growth of the great self- governing colonies of Canada, Aiistralia, and South Africa. British ride in India and Egypt. Imperialism : comparison of IJritisli and other great colonial empires. Sixth Teijm. For the first half of the Term : — European and international situation at the present day ; new and coming Powers, e.g., Japan, Argentina, Brazil, and China ; Monroe Doctrine and Panama Canal ; white and yellow in the Pacific ; the struggle for markets. For the second half of the Term : — Revision and generalisation. Text Books: — History of Western Europe, J. H. Robinson (Ginn) ; England in'the Nineteenth Century, C' W. C. Oman (Arnold) ; Gardiner's School Atlas of English History ; Atlas of Outline Maps. Nariil History. The histoiy of the Navy from the Commonwealth to the end of the Revolutionary wars : — Term I. Beginning of the Commonwealth to the Peace of Ryswick. The Navy of the Commonwealth ; its constitution as compared with the preceding organisation ; the ship of the period ; the Navy establishes the i^osition of the Commonwealth and ensures its respect abroad. Causes of first Dutch War; the war itself ; aims of the combatants. The Restoration; Tangier, its acquisition, use, and abandomnent. Second and Third Dutch ^^'ars. The Revolution of L688 ; the Irish War ; Beachy Head ; attempt at invasion ; La Hogue and the Peace of Ryswick. Term 2. Peace of Ryswick to the Peace of Pai'is (1763). War of the Spanish Succession ; l^eace of Utrecht. Spanish discontent with the Peace; the war of 1718-20; attempted invasion. Diffici^lties in 1727 ; War in 1739. The Intervention of France. The War of the Austrian Succession. The use of the IMediterrannean Sqiiadron. Attempted invasion of 1744. The Western Sqiiadron mider Anson and Hawke. Peace of Aix-la-Cliapelle. How Europe, America, and India were left by that peace. Ontbreak of War with France and its Causes. The War with France merges into the Seven Years' War ; attempted invasion of 1759 ; particular reference to the method of direction of the ^Var. Events in East Indies during both these wars to be touched upon, bi;t not made a main feature. Tki!M 3. Fi'om eiid of Seven Years' War to the end of War of American Inde]iendence. Clhoiseul's plans for Invasion ; regeneration of the French Fleet. The War of American Independence ; gejieral military features of the war before the French inter- venticm in 1778 ; Howe; position in Channel leading up to Keppel's action ; opening of fighting in India ; also in the West Indies, ^^'hy Gibraltar was besieged. Spanish Intervention in 1779. Kempenfeldt's management of home defence. Rodney's relief of Giliraltar. Holland joins allies against Phigland, nuikiug a three-Power coalition. Rodney in the ^^'est Indies. Importance of Cornwallis's surrender ; account for that event ; Hood ; Howe's campaign in 1782 ; Darby's relief of Gibraltar. Siege of Minorca. The Dogger Bank. Fleets of France and Spain in the Channel. Hood and Rodney and De Grasse. Events in East Indies again to be referred to, but not as a main feature of the War. Tekm 4. Beginning of Revolutionary Wars to the Peace of Amiens (1802). Improvement in the Navy. Hood and Howe's CA^olutionary cruises. England's reason for War with France ; events leading up to the Rattle of the First of June. Military and Political Events and Alliances. Toulon ; reasons for presence of the British squadron in th(> Mediterranean. Hothams indecisive action and its result ; KNCLOSUUKS. Q.'i Nelson's activity on the coast in co-operation with the Austrians; Jervis ; J\Ie(li- teranean abandoned and re-entered. The Nile Campaign ; Malta ; St. Vincent iri command of the Channel ; blockade of Brest. The Armed Neutrality ; Copeuhageu ; the Peace of Amiens. Term 5. Renewal of War in 1803 to 1815. St. Vincent's ^York at the Admiralty. Preparations for invasion ; British measures for defence. Spain joins France. Trafalgar Campaign. F.vents after Trafalgar. The Continental System. General directions of the 'War till 1815. American War of 1812. Term G. Recapitulation, laying stress on the naval operations which best eniphasi/.e the threads that run through the History and the influence of the Nav}^ on the European and Imperial Position. Tr.rt liook. — Sea Kings of Britain, Callender (Longmans). Modoii Languages. a. The following applies to Cadets who will pass out from Dartmouth in or before July 1912:— These Cadets learnt only French at Osborne ; during their two years at Dartmouth the better linguists amongst them, to the nmnl)er roughly of half of each term, divide their time (four hours teaching and two hours preparation a week) eqiially between French and German. The remainder continue to confine their attention to French. The French is intended in all cases to be collocpiial, modern and literary. Cadets are trained to acquire a general vocabidary in writing and speaking. The books they read are chosen chiefly from 19th centurj'' authors. Those who learn German come to Dartmouth with no knowledge of the language ; they do not, in th(^ two years there, learn to s])eak it, Init aim rather at being able to read with comparative ease a modern German author, such, for example, as Wilden- bruch or Morike. They get sufficient practice in composition to make it worth while to continue it later. h. The following applies to Cadets who will j^ass out in or after December 1912 : — • These are divided on entry at Osborne into two groups, roughly equal in number and linguistic capacity ; one of these henceforth devotes itself solely to French, the other to German. The Cadets who join at Dartmoixth from the " (,'onway " are included in the former group. Under this system, whether the Cadet learns French or German, the aim is identical. It is expected that Cadets will be able to converse fairly fluently with a foreigner, or to write a letter in the foreign tongue, and that they will have laid a soujid foundation for acquiring the power to read foreign books useful in their career. The following books are in use in 1912 for modern languages, but th(^ text-books are frequently changed : — Dictionaries. — Bellow's Pocket French Dictionary (for use at sea) (Longmans). Gazier's French Dictionary (Colin), dames' German Dictionary (Tauchnitz). Grammars. — Spiers' Exercises in French Grammar. Somcrvillc and Byrne's German Grammer (Rivington). Authors. — French. — Pierre Loti, Les Pecheurs d'lslande (Rivington) ; E. About, Le Roi des Montagues (Hachette) ; Dumas, Les trois JMousque- taires (Ginn) ; A. Daudet, Contes du Lundi (Charpentier), Lettres de mon Moulin (Nelson), Tartarin de Tarascon (Flamma- rion) ; Victor Hugo, Les jMiserables, Quatrevingt-treize (Ginn) ; La Fontaine, Pables (Blackie) ; ]\loliere, Le Medecin malgre lui. German. — Lehmensick, Thiiringer Sagen ; llauff, Miirchen (Reclam) ; Klee, Heldensagen ; Gerstacker, Herrn Mahlhuber's Reiseaben- teuer; Schiller, Wilhelm Tell (^Cotta, Stuttgart), Historische Skizzen (Clarendon Press) ; Storm, Immensee (CJinu) ; Rosegger, Die Fcii-sterbuben ; Wildeubruch, Lachendes Land (Grotesche Verlagsbuchhani Hung, Berlin). 94 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION : Fur Repetition Cadets learn La Foulaiue or some German ])allads printed at the College for this purpose. Religious Instruction. Term. Xuw Testament. Oltl Testament, ic. Fii-et St. Matthew and St. Mark, with special reference to the Miracles. Pi-ayer Book I. 2 Samviel I.— 1 Kings IX. Repetition, Job XXXVIII. Second - St. Matthew and St. Murk, with special reference to the Miracles. Prayer Book II. 1 Kings X.— 2 Kings X. Repetition, Psalms LI. and CXXI. Third St. Paul's Epistles. Prayer Book III. 2 Kings XL— Captiyity. ReiJetition. Psalm XV.. and EcclesiasteB XL and Xn. Fom-th - St. Luke, witli special reference to the Parables. Revision of Period up to Division of the Kingdom. Repetition, Isaiah XI. and LV. Fifth St. John, with special reference to the trial and death of Our Lord. Genei-al Histoi-y of Chiistianity. Repetition, St. John XIV. and XV. Sixth - General review of Our Loi'd's Ministi"y, and of tlie Acts. General classification of Books of the Old and New Testament, with Histoi'y of the Canon. Repetition, 1 Corinthians XV. Lectures on the History of Christianity. Four Main Divisions : — A. — The Beginning. B.—The Middle Ayes. C. — The Reformation. D. — The Church since the Reformation. A. — The Beginning. Lectures I. and 11. The foundation of the Church ; struggle for existence ; perse- cutions ; final victory. Additional Topic : The Hermits. Lecture III. The organisation of the Earlj^ Christian Churches ; difficulties meeting the Church and causing dissensions ; Arius ; chief points at issue between the Eastern and the Western Church ; rise of Monasticism. Lecture IV. Ihe growth of the power of the Roman See and the reasons accounting for it ; its vigour in the mission field ; conversion of England ; victory of Roman over Celtic Christianity. B.—The Middle Ages. Lecture Y. The reform of Monasticism; the investiture quarrel; the Crusades and chivalry ; increase of Papal power. Additional Topic : The Friars. Lecture VI. The period of Papal supremacy ; abuses of the Church ; Babylonian exile ; great schism ; Council of Constance ; growing independence of national Chiirches. Additional Topic : Wycliffe, Huss. C. — The Reformation. Lecture VII. Luther and the Protestant Reformation ; Calvin and the Reformed Church ; the English Reformation. Lecture VIII. The Catholic Reformation ; work of the Society of Jesus ; Council of Trent ; Inquisition. T).-—The Church since the Reformation. Lecture IX. The Romantic Movement — its influence on the Church ; the Oxford Movement ; the diiferent parties in the Anglican Church, ENCLOSURES. US Lecture X. The position of the MolUtu Pope ; his attitude to the Powers, especially Italy ; points at issue between Modern Roman Catliolicisni and Modern Protest- antism ; Pajwl Infallibility. Lecture XL The Church and Society at the present time ; relation of the Church to politics and social problems ; Church h.-unpered by her own divisions ; hopes of reunion. Enginray'mg. First Term : 18 Lectures. Recapitulation of Slide Valves and Indicator Diagrams. Elementary Theory of Turbines. Flow of Steam. Details of Construction. Reversing Turbines. Cruising Turbines. Turbine Losses. Recapitulation of Energy. Formation of Steam at Constant Pressure and Volume. •Liquefaction of Steam and Cooling of Gases by work done during ex])an5ion. Re- capitulation of effect of Liquefaction in Reciprocating Engines and of Cylinder Condensation Loss, and means of reducing it. Effect of Liquefaction in Turbines. Wire Drawing and its drying effect. "Workshop Lectures on Tools and Gearing. Machine and (,)uick Return ]\lotions. Forge Work. Plate Work. Tank Boiler Construction. Testing Machine. Second Term : 18 Lectures. Combustion. Spontaneous Combustion. Calorific Value. Evaporative Power. Composition. Combustion of Coal in a Furnace. Losses. Funnel Draught. Forced Draught. Oil Fuel. Fractional Distillation. Composition. Cracking, Flash, and Ignition Point. Oil Fuel Burners and Installation. Losses. Comparative advantages of Coal and Oil Fuel. Boilers : — Details and Construction of various types ; comparative advantages of Water Tank and Water Tube. Workshop Lectures on adjustments. Opening Out, Examinations, Clearancesjand Gauges of large Engines, Reading and adjusting Slide Valves from Battens, Pattern Making and Moulding. TliirclTerm: 18 Lectures. The Internal Combustion Engine. Water Jacketing. Silencer. Ignition. Compression. Regulation of Speed and Power. Oil Engines. The Hornsby-Akroyd Engine. The Diesel Engine. Gas Producers. Vaporisers. Explosive Mixtures. Ignition. Scavenging Charge of Air. Two-stroke Cycle. Indicator Diagrams of internal combustion Engines. Relative advantages of Reciprocating Steam Engines and Steam Turbines ; Gas Engines and Oil Engines ; Water-Tube and Cjdindrical Boilers ; Coal and Oil Fuel. Properties of Metals. Tempering and Hardening. Copper and its alloys. Workshop Lectures on alignment of Beai'ings, Condenser Work, Pi-opellers — Shape and Pitch. Examination, Testing, Cleaning and Repair of Boilei's. Fourth Term : 16 Lectures. Transmission of Power. Hydraulic Principles. Hydraulic Pressure Pump, Types of Rams. Hydraulic Engines and Appliances. Reversing and Slide Valves. Regulation of Pressure. Advantages of Hydraulic Transmission. Recoil Presses. Air Compressors. Compressed Air Engines. Cold Air Refrigerators. Expansion Valve. Vapour Refrigerators. Recapitulation of D. Slide Valve and Piston Valve. Relative positions of Piston and Slide Valve. Workshop Lecturers on Boring Bars, Marking Off, Molding and Pattern Making. Fifth Term : 15 Lectures. Linking up and Throttling of Steam Engines. Adjustment of Work in Cylinders of Stage Exf)ansion Engines. Faults of Indicator 13iagrams. Differential Valve. Reversing Engines. Turning Engine. Boat Hoist Engine. Capstan Engine. Steering and Controlling Gear. Tiller Gear. Relief Valves. Reducing Valves. Methods of Balancing Pressure. Governors. Hunting and Adjustments. Automatic Feeds. Losses of Fresh Water on board ship. Drain System and Steam Traps. Evaporators, Distillers, Density, Filter, Feed and Lime Tanks. Tests for Fresh Water. Lubrication and Wear of Bearing Siirfaces. Workshop Lectures on Fits, Gauges, Machine Tools and Accessories. Jointing and packing. Electrical Work. Pf) COMMITTEE 0\ EDUCATION : Sixth Term . 15 Lectures. Ship resistances. Propulsion, Pr(;])ellers, L'onu ami detail of. Cube Rule. Curves ol' Performance (Power, Speed, Cousiunption). EfEciencies of Engines and Boilers. Workshop Lectures on Electrical Work. Coppersmithing. Gear Cutting, Milling. Also, \yhilst in the Drawing Olhce, Lectures on Elementary Calculations of the Strength of Simple Forms in Tension, Compression, Shearing. Text-hookfi. — Modern Steam Engine, Oram and Sennett (Longmans) ; Engineering Note-books, 2 vols. Syllabus of Lectures. The more able cadets take the whole syllabus. As much of it is taken by the others as is found practicable. Workshop Cycle.* Tonn. First. Seoiiiid. I Third. , FMiirth. I Fiftli. Sixth. Part- A B C D A B C D A B D A B C D A B C D A B C D Fii'st Half of Term Q Q M M P F M M Q Q M M F P M M N M M N M M Second Half of Term M M Q Q M M P F M M Q Q M M F P M M N M M N M = Machine Shop. Q = Boilei- Shop. P = Pattei-n Shop. F = Foundry. N = Coppersmiths' Shop. O = Drawing Office. * The ciidcts of each term are divideil into four ^ronps, A, B, C, D. for iii.striictioii in I'^iigiiieeriiig as at Osl>orne. Practical Work. First Term. Machine Shop, G loeehs : — Steamlxiat instruction (one week). ■ Testing room — Tension, torsion and sliearing tests of various metals and materials. Plotting ciirves (one week). Machines— One day on each of following machines : small shaping, slotting and planing. Elementary marking off. Small lathes — Work such as spindles, flanges, screw-cutting, piston rings with allowance, boring and facing small brasses. Bench work -Fitting small brasses, eccentrics, &c., renewing water gauge glasses. As a test job — Fitting turbine blade stop. Boiler Shop, 6 weeks : — Forge work — Welding, dress and temper chisels and tools. Small forgings. Use of steam and pneumatic hammer. Working light plating, such as building tanks, funnels, buckets. Marking off, straightening and levelling plates, shearing and piincliing, light flanging, erecting and riveting. Working up corners (hot), joggling, shaping angle irons. Heavy riveting and caulking ; drawing, annealing, replacing, expanding and ferruling boiler tubes. General explanation of boilers in woi'kshops, pointing out special features. Second Term. Pattern Sliop, 6 weehs : — Small simple work, making the necessary allowances for draw, shrinkage and machining. Making pattern of ring or wheel in segments. Any surplus time to be employed in general work. Patterns from drawings involving cores, loose pieces and lillets. The course to concbule with explanations of construction of typical stock patterns. Machine Shop, 6 iveeks : — Power house — Recapitulation of indicator diagram. Practice in taking diagrams of steam and oil engines. Calculations of mean pressure and horse-power. Difference between theoretical and actual diagram. General explanation of turbine and oil engine. KNCl.OSURES. 97 Main engines : — (1) Open out cylinder, remove piston, take clearances, replace piston and close np c\'linder. (2) Remove and replace metallic packing. Relit white-metal segments. (3) Adjust main crank head bearings. Taking leads. (4) Open ont, examine and re-sct slide valve, using battens. Machines — One day on each of following machines : shaping, slotting, milling and planing. Large lathes — Work such as connecting rods, piston rods, llauges, piston rmgs, facing and boring brasstss. Bench— General fitting and blading work. Test pressure gauges Third Term. Machine Shop, 6 weeks : — H.M.S. " Pomone " (one week). General inspection of Department. Tracing run of more important pipes and fittings, priming and topping fires. Finishing tracing pipes and fittings, and make line sketch of auxiliary steam and exhaust pipes. Precautions taken before hghting np. Raising steam. Warming tlirough and working main engines. IMotor boat. Small lathes — Crank shafts and general work such as stop valves, plugs and shells for straight-way cocks. Large shaping and boring machines, milling nuichines. Bench work — Re-tnbing and testing condenser, aligning bearings and pulleys. Taking pitch and area of propeller blade. Bnllcr Shop, (J trceks : — Forge work — Forging connecting rods, eccentric rods, &c. Making ami tenii)ering spiral springs. Case hardening. As a test job — Weld an iron bar. Patching, re-fitting zinc slabs, drill testing. Water pressure test and use of deflection meter. Making joints of boiler doors. Bend tubes to gauge. Bend to shape, fit, expand and bell-mouth tube in water-tube boiler. Drawing — i\Iaking sketches of plate-work of boilers, of tube joints, stays, and sections of details. Fourth Term. Fuumlry and 'festiitg Room, 6 iveekn : — General moulding, including open moulds, loam moulds, moulds involving false cores, three boxes, loose pieces, drawbacks, and cores of sand and loam. Burning on and making moulds from part patterns. Casting in iron autl brass. Testing room : torsional tests of solid and hollow specimens : plotting curves. Machine SJiop, 6 weeks : — • n.M.S. " Pomone " (one week). Oil-engine boat. Trace pipes of closed exhaust system and evaporating plant and make sketches. Working main engines, taking- diagrams, varying cut-olf, and with and without closed exhaust. Raise steam from separate stokeholds, couLecting up to separate engine rooms. Work main engines as far as possible without assistance. Open out, examine, and make sketches of Weir's pun)p, hydraidic jack and torpedo. Bench and nuichine work. Erecting engines. ^Marking off. Large lathes — Use of boring bar and boring generally. Fifth Term. . Drawing Office, 6 weeks : — Lecture on Stress and Strain. Calculation of stresses under tensile, compressive and shearing loads. Factor of safety, bearing pressures. Making fair drawing from rough sketch of main engine details. Calculation of factor of safety of parts of same. Macliine Shop, 6 weeks: — Torpedo boat (one week). Trace pipes in engine-room and stokehold. Raise steam at moorings. Steam at 15 knots, keeping watch in engine-room and st(jkehold. Sketching pipe leads. 98 COMMITTEE OK EDUCATION : Open out, exaiiiino ;ui(l make sketelies oi' air compressor, refrigerator and gun mounting. Make leathers Bench and machine work. Erecting engines. Use oI ]\Iorse re-seating tool. Electrical work — Making a circuit containing lamps in parallel and in series, with cut-outs and switches. Making joints of lead-covered wires. Winding and insulating solenoids and induction coils. Testing magnet windings for faults. Fitting brushes. Tracing circuits in power- house. Sixth Tekm. Coppersmitlis Sliop, G loceks : — Make and braze collar to small pipe for union joint. Make "bit " joint and plumber's joint in small lead piping. Socket and braze pipe about 2h" diameter. Braze branch on 2-i" ]jipe, making saddle junction. Braze on flanges and test pipe. Make tin paint kettle. Machine Shop, 6 loeeks : — Torpedo boat destroyer (one week). Trace pipes in engine room and stokehold. Sketch steering gear. Steam at 15 knots, keeping watch in stokehold and engine rooms. Raise steam and move engines at moorings. Power House (one: week). "Working auxiliaiy engines. Coal and water consumption. Trials and calculations of efficiencies. Bench and machine work. Erecting engines. Use of gear-cutting machines. Electrical work. Building up armature cores and commutators. Making ftrmer- wound armature coils. Winding armature and making end connections. Testing- armature winding for faults. Examination of dynamos and switchboard. Seamen) ship. No^ of Hours. Bends and Hitches. —To know the use of, and to be able to make the bends and 3 hitches mentioned on page 66, Manual of Seamanship, 1908. Knots. — To know the use of, and to be able to make, Avail, wall and crown, 2 Double Matthew Walker, Standing Turk's Head. Splices. — To know the use of, and to be able to make, short splice, long splice, 3 and eye splice. Rigging. — To know the names of all yards and masts. A good knowledge of 5 the rigging and fitting of modern masts and yards. Rule of the Road. — To be taught as laid down in " Regulations for Preventing 7 Collisions at Sea " (Dec. 1910), omitting Article 9, and Regulation 1036. Too much detail as to height of lamps, &c. is to be avoided. Boats. — Pulling and steering. General knowdedge under oars. Handling a 30 boat under oars. Making and shortening sail. Names of all parts and fittings ol a cutter and pinnace. Management of boats under sail, and knowledge of various duties of crew. Hoisting and lowering boats. Securing boats for sea. Use of boat rope. Anchors and Gables. — To be able to point out, to name, and to know the use of, JO as mentioned in Chapter 8 of Manual of Seamanship, 1908, omitting the- followiug : — Cat chain. Warping, Kedging. To be able to let go, weigh and cat an anchor ; to understand the object of mooring ; to have a good knowdedge of how to rig hand capstan. Compass. — A thorough knowledge of the compass in degi'ees, and to be able to 8 box in quarter points. To be able to steer and alter course. Sails. — Names of sails of sc^uare-rigged ships. Names and parts of boat's sails, 4 how bent, and made up. ENCLOSURES. 99 Seamauship —continued. Tackles. — To be able to describe, aud to know ihe use of and power gained \>y Single whip. Luff. Double whip. Tail jigger. Runner and tackle. Three fold purchase. Runuer. Log and Lead. — General knowledge of, and kuow^ how lo use : — Cherub patent log. Hand lead line. Boat's lead line. Kelvin's sounding machine. Lifeboat and Derricks. — A general knowledge of how to slip a lifeboat, what stowed in her, &c. How to hoist in and out boats with main derrick. Total No. of Hours. - 5 IS 86 1st Term. 7 hours. 2nd Term. 7 hours. .■»i-d Term. 7 hours. ■Itli Term. 5 or 7 hours. otli Term. 5 or 7 hours. (Uh Term. 5 or 7 hours. Signals. Making and taking in Semaphore and Morse. Making and taking in Semaphore and ^lorse. Making and taking in Semaphore and ^forse, with special signs. Making and taking in Semaphore and Aiorse with special signs, with 2 or 3 hours at colours (jf flags aud substitutes, and pendants. Making and taking in Semaphoi-e and xMorse with special signs, with 2 or 3 hours at colours of flags and substitutes and principal foreign ensigns, and pendants. Making and taking in Semaphore and Morse with special signs, with 2 or 3 hours at flags and priucij)al foreign ensigns and special pendants. Number of Houre. Semaphore. Moree. Flags. 1st Term — Chi-istmas 2ud Term — Easter .... 3rd Term — Summer - - . - 4th Temi — Christmas 5th Term — Easter .... 6th Term — Summer . . . - 7 t 7 7 7 5 34 34 34 2 2 14 34 34 34 2 2 14 3 3 2 40 16 16 8 Ist Term — Summer . - - - 2nd Term — Christmas 3rd Tei-m— Easter - - . - 4th Term — Summer ... - 5th Term — Chi-istmas 6th Term— Easter . - - - 7 7 7 5 7 7 34 34 34 14 34 34 34 14 2 2 3 40 16 16 8 let Tei-m — Easter .... 2nd Term — Summer .... 3rd Term — Chi-istmas 4th Tei-m— Easter .... 5th Term — Summer .... 6th Term — Christmas 7 7 7 5 1 34 34 34 2 u 34 34 34 2 14 2 3 2 3 40 16 16 8 Text-hooks. HI. -Seamanship Manual, Vol. I. ; Regulations for preventing collisions at sea. 100 o.)MMrrn:ii on liDUCvrmx : EncloauTc No. 11 in Third Eeport of Education Coininittec, dated iotk September 1912. Table showiug the Time allotted to the ViMUOLS Subjects, Royal Naval College, Dartmoutu, 15th July 1912. Hoiirs Weekly. First Term. Second Term. Third Term. Foiu'th Term. Fiftli Term. Sixth Term. Aggregrate Number of Hours. 1 i 1 1 1 c g 2 5 ,5 u CO- C e g ,5 .5 J g X 1 yi ]io.\\tr'vi[ii Iiistnu'lioii : — • SiHulav - - - Week-diiv :i l' — 1 1 4 1 — 1 1 — t - 1 — 1 1 — 54 72 MMtlicmatics (Pure) 7 3 4 2^ 31 2 3' ir 3' 1-i'' 2' IV^ 276* 324' 1.53* 171* ^\i^vigatioll — — 1 ~ H i 2 3* u* 3 1, 4* 2* J 144* 96* 63* 45* Charts, &c. — — — 1 - 1 — 1 — 1 — 39 — Mecliauics - - - Electricity - 2 4 4 4 2 4 2 2 4 ;i 2 i 2 :i 2 :! 4 -1 192 96 45 36 Clieinititry - - - i 1 — — — — 48 12 Optics Laboratory . 2 2 _1 2 z 2 — 2 - 2 — 24 120 6 Eiiirineeriii!; : — T^ectures Workshops, &e. - French or German - '2 2 ~h , — 4" If 4 1 2 n H 4 1 2 4 2 4 2 n 4 i 2 99 ,349 288 £36 141 History . . - 2 1 2 1 2 i 2 1 2 1 2 1 144 69 Enghsh 2 i 2 i -2 i 2 1 2 i •; 1 144 36 Seamanship Gymnastics 1 2 2 -i 2 2 i li T l! - li - H — 126 126 15 Total, 43| hours a week. * For those Cadets whn can reai-li tlie Standard in Naviiration iu a shorter tinic,itiiue is transferred to Mathematics up to the followiiiL' maxima : — One hour Instruction and lialfdiouv Trcparation in Fourtli I'erm. one hour Instruction and one hour Preparation in Fifth Term, Iwo lioiirs Instruction and one hour Pieparation in Si.xth Term. Enclosure No. i- m ^ '" Third Report of Education Coininittec, dated iSth Septeinher 1912. Proposed ke-aukaxoement of the Time e-iven to Cektain Sub.jects at the PiOyal Xaval College, Dartmouth. Weekly Hours {Teachinq + Preparation). 1 First Second Third Fourth Fifth Si.xth Aegrci-'ate Xumt)cr nf Hours. Aggregate Term. TeiTu. Term. Terni. Term. Term. hitherto. Top Clfiss. ^lathcuialics Xavijiatioir* n 7 IJ n l| 4i 5 4i 447 210 195 141 Charts 1 4 1 i- 1} u 57 39 Statics 2 •) 2 — — 72 ; «7 Uynamius - - - — n 3 2| n 3 165 Electricity — H u. H 2I 2A 126 132 Botlnm Class. Mathematics Navigation* 9| 7 n r:! 2I a Sf 9 339 312 429 209 Charts 1 1 T 4 l:f 1 - U 57 39 Statics - - - 2 2 2 — 72 j 237 Dynamics - - - — 3 3 3 3 171 Electricity H 2i -H 2i 126 132 4 Includes S pherical Ti igonometry ENCI.OSUUES. JOl Enclosure. No. 13 lit Third U'cpovt uj I'Jducntioii (JuiiiiiuUcc, ilnLed Volli Septcinhcr 1912. 8ii;, Admiralty, 11 til August 1'J12. My Lords CommissioiuTs of the Admiralty, luxviiii;- had before them the second report of the Committee appointed to inquire into the education and training of Naval Officers, desire me to inform you that they have been pleased to apjirove of the Com- mittee's recommendations, and that they have caused the necessary instructions to be issued accordingly. 2. I am to request that a copj^ of the evidence furnished to ilie Committee may be forwarded in due course for Their Lordships' information. I am, Sir, Your obedient Servant, Admiral Sir liegiuald X. Custance, W. (Iiiaiiam Greene. K.C.B., K.C.M.G., C.V.O., Admiralty. E)tdusurc Xu. 14 in Third Reiiort of Education Committee, dated 13th September 1912. Training and Examination of .Jt'Niou ()fficei!s undei; the New Scheme. Circular Letter. No. 51. Admiralty, S.W., N. 2500/1908. 1st May 1908. My Lords are of opinion that the time has now arrived to define clearly the principles, and lay down the routine of the instruction of Midshipmen under the new scheme during their three years' service at sea, and to issue a statement of the general lines of the examination which they will have to pass at the expiration of that period to qualify them for advancement to the rank of Sub-Lieutenant, and subs('((ueutly to that of Lieutenant. ]\ly Lords have decided that while the training must be such as will ensure that the Officers as a whole will have a sufficient knowledge of all the (hities which they will be called upon to undertake in the capacity of Sub-Lieutenant and Lieutenant, it must at the same time afford facilities for the higher education of such portion of them as will afterwards be required to specialise in (iunnery, lorpedo, 1'jigineering and Navigation. With this object in view, the IMidshipmen after leaving the Training Cruisers will serve for three years at sea, at the end of which time they will pass their examination for Lieutenant. They will then be required to serve for another two years at sea as Sub-Lieutenant and Lieutenant, the length of time in each rank being dependent on the Classes they take in their examination. After this period, namely five years spent continuously at sea, a certain portion of them will be selected to specialise in the various Branches. The present system of comj»ulsory school for jMidshij^men will be abolished, and the training of Junior Officers new scheme will have received a thorough education in school subjects as well as a grounding in the elements of their profession during the four years and eight montlis passed in the Colleges and on board the Training (,'rnisers ; aiul the proposed scheme of training afloat sliould provide sufficiently for their obtaining a thorough knowledge of the practical work of their profession and avoid the necessity for the present Courses in Gunnery, Torpedo and Pilotage prior to the examination in those subjects for the rank of Lieutenant. These Courses will therefore be abolished. It has been decided until further experience is gained to appoint Naval Instructors to Ships carrying the new scheme Midshipmen, and their duties generally will be as follows : — (n.) To superintend the observations and the working out of the Ship's position every day at sea by those Midshipmen who are not attached to the Navigating Officer : (/>) To assist the Specialist Officers with the theoretical instruction of the Midship- men in the various professional subjects : ((•) To encourage voluntary study and to help the Midshipmen who wish to keep up and improve their educational acquirements : (./) To assist any Commissioned Officers who desire to work up for specialisation. Details of the scheme of training and examination are given below. The Appendix which contains the syllabus of each of the subjects for examination is issued merely as a guide in respect to the instructional studies of Midshipmen. It is to be under- stood that the details are subject to revision as experience maj^ show to be necessary. An annual examination of Junior Officers afloat will continue to be held which will iucbide papers on all the subjects in the compulsory parts of the examination for Lieutenant. The papers will be sent out from the Admiralty. Training. On leaving the Training Cruiser the Cadets will be rated Midshipmen with seniority of the 15th January, 15th May, and 15tli September, according to the time of p issing out, and thej^ will be appointed to Ships in such projDortions as may from time to time be decided upon. They will then serve for a minimum of three years at sea in that rank, during which period they will work with the Executive Officer for training in Officers' duties and in Seamanship, and with the Specialist Officers for training and instruction in Gimnery. Torpedo, Navigation and Pilotage, and Engineering. The instruction is to be mainly practical. The Midshipmen are to work with the Executive, Gunnery, Torpedo, Navigating and Engineer Officers for continuous periods of training. The detailed appropriation fo the time will be left for the present with the Commandmg Officer within the limits outlined in the following paragraphs, and with the proviso that about one-third of the whole time is to be spent with the Engineer Officer, and that the periods are to be arranged so that the time devoted to any particular branch shall not be so long as to entail any risk of the Midshipmen getting out of touch with other branches of their professional work. The Mai'ine Officer is to give such instruction to the Midshipmen as may be considered desirable by the Commanding Officer. lustructiou to Midshii5men is always to be given by Officers. This work is never to he delegated to Seamen Instructors. Midshipmen are not to be employed more than is necessary on the Ship's clerical work, such as writing up Engineering, Gunnerj' and Torpedo logs, or filling in Pelurns. Marks to a maximum of 50 are to be awarded every six months to indicate an Ollicer's professional cjualities : these marks ai-e in no way to be influenced by his conduct, but are to represent his Commanding Officer's opinion of his efficiency as an Ollicer in the actual performance of his practical duties. The mean of these marks is to be taken and awarded imder " Former Service " in the Seamanship Examination. [Sec under Examination for rank of Lieutenant.) It is considered that Saturday forenoons shoidd, as a general rule, be utilised for lectures in the different subjects by the Instructing Officers, and, as the Midshipmen advance, they themselves should be. directed to prepare and give short lectures on the various subjects. EN01,08UBE3, 103 The Midshipmou working with the Executive Oflicer shonhl l)e employefl in such (lay Watcli in liarbour as is required, and in night antl day Watcli at sea ; and also on all Ship's duties in charge of boats and parties, or work of a seamanlike character. Those working with the Lieutenants (G), ( T) and (N), and with the Engineer Oflicer should spend their time in work connected with those special branches, under the direction of the Officer concerned. They shoidd be available at all times when required by those Officers, and should thereiore not be employed on any Ship's duties of a different character at times when they might be required by liie Specialist Officers with whom the}' are working, except that at sea all ]\lidshipnien, otiier than those who are working directly under the Navigating Oflicer and those doing duty in the Engine Room, will take observations and work out the Ship's position under the sui)eriri- tendence of the Naval Instructor. The Commanding Officer will make such arrangements as he may think desirable in the interests of the young Othcers in respect of their keeping night Watch at sea, relieving the deck, &c., and they are to be given at his discretion responsible duties in all branches of their work. The subject of Navigation will now include Pilotage, the two forming one subject for classification. It is therefore essential that the Midshipmen specially told oil' to work with the Navigating Officer shall be under his direction entirely, both at sea and in harbour. Midshipmen will be required tt) keep a book in which the Sliip's reckoning is to be worked out and noted as laid down in Art. 295A. of the Regulations. In lieu of the list of observations specified in Art. 294A. the list specified below is to be sub- stituted, and the regulations as to sending in the worked observations are to be amended as follows : — On completing 12 months' service at sea, each Midshipman is to send in a book containing one complete set of the specified observatioQS, certified by the Naval Instructor, or by the Navigating Officer if no Naval Instructor is borne, to have been taken and worked out by the Midshipman whose name they bear, and to be sub- stantially correct. On completing two years and six months of service, each Midship- man is to send in a second book containing two complete sets of the specified observations, similarly certified. On both occasions the books containing Avorked observations are to be forwarded for inspection to the Director of Naval Education, Royal Naval (\jllege, Greenwich. No marks will be assigned in respect of these observations, but in the event of the observations being found to be incorrect or incomplete, the Officer will be required to complete them liefore promotion to the rank of Lieutenant. List of Ohscrvations. I. — To find the Ship's position, by drawing position lines, from — (1) Two altitudes of the sun, one being on the meridian. (2) Two altitudes of the sun, one being near the meridian. (3) Two altitudes of the sun, neither being on or neur the meridian. (4) One altitude of the sun and one of another celestial body, neither i)eing on the meridian. (."j) Two altitudes of celestial bodies other than the sun (prehn-ably taken during twilight) at approximately the same time, neither being on the meridian. (6) An altitude of any celestial body and a bearing of a terrestrial object. N.B. — Of the above observations, (2), (3), and (5) are to be worked out in two ways, the Ship's place being fixed {a) by drawing position lines, and also (It) by the use of tables, without drawing the lines. II. — To find the error of the compass from - (1) Time by a deck watch and a conq)ass bearing of the sun. (2) Time by a deck watch and a compass bearing of a celestial Ytvdj other than the sun. (3) An altitude and a compass bearing of the sun. III. — To find the error of a chronometer from equal or nearly equal altitudes of the sun or of a star taken on both sides of the meridian on the same day or on consecutive days, using an artificial horizon. H 2 104 coMmittp:e (iK educatiok : During the time a Midshipman is attached to the Engine Room Department it is primarily intended that he shouhl become closely acquainted with the practical work of the Department, learning the methods and practice adopted in harbour for the care and maintenance of the machinery, as required to keep it in good order and efficiency ; and acquiring the knowledge and expeiience under way which will enable hira, by the time he goes up for examination, to take the duty of Engineer Officer of the Watch. He should see such repair work as is going on in any Department and take part in examination of the hull and machinery. He should also take advantage of such opportunities as present themselves of seeing ens'ineering operations in the Dockyards. Each Midsliipman when working with the Department is to keep an Engineering Note Book with descriptions and detailed sketches of parts of machinery, gun and torpedo mechanisms, electrical and other auxiliary machines, and with accounts of any repairs he may witness, and the reasons for the repair. This book is to be periodically signed and dated by the Engineer Officer of the Ship and is to be examined and valued at the Preliminary Examination in Engine Room duties. During the time he is attached to the Engine Room lie should make sufficient acquaintance with the accounts kept of the receipt and expenditure of stores, and the Engine Room Register and defect list, to obtain an insight into the business management of the Department. Reports are to be sent in at the end of four months on the routine instruction adopted in each Ship, with any further proposals that experience may suggest as desirable. Examination for the Rank of Lieutenant. After three years' service as Midshipmen Officers will present themselves for the Examination for the rank of Lieutenant. This Examination will include a " compulsory " and a " voluntary " part. The former will be confined entirely to professional subjects and the latter will embrace a range of alternative subjects to suite the requirements of individual Officers. The examination in all sidjjects will be conducted on shore at Portsmouth three times a year on dates approximating to the completion of three years' service at sea as Midshipmen. There will be no shore courses in any subject previous to the examination. On presenting themselves candidates must pi'oduce the following certificates : - (1) A certiticate showing that they have qualified before a Board of three Officers, of which the President must be of the rank of Cai:)tain, in tlie following subjects : — (i) Handling of boats under oars and sail ; (ii) Handling of boats under steam ; (iii) Semaphore and Morse. (2) A certificate showing that they have qualified before a Board consisting of a Captain and two Engineer Officers as to their practical knowledge of Engine Room duties. (3) A certificate signed bj^ the Engineer Officer of the Ship in which they have last served to show that they have satisfactorily performed the duty of Engineer Officer of the Watch. (4) A certificate signed by the Captain of the Slii^:) in which they have last served to show that they have conqileted the prescribed list of observations and that the book containing the worked out observations has been sent to the Office of the Director of Naval Education for inspection. The examination will consist of six parts, in each of which classes will be awarded. Of these the first five must be taken to qualify for the rank of Lieutenant. 1. Seamanship. 2. Navigation and Pilotage. 3. Engineering. 4. Gunnery. 5. Torpedo. 6. Voluntary subjects. FA'Ct-OSOREfl. 105 Marks for promotion will be given as ut present according to the class obtained in each of thti six jiaits of the Examination, a 1st Class counting 2 marks and a 2iid Class I mark ; and the scale for promotion will be as follows : — Mai'ks. Promotion. 12 - - - - months from date of seniority as 8ub-Lieutenant. II - - - - n Ditto. 10 - - - - 13 Ditto. 9 - - - - 15 Ditto. 8 - - - - 17 Ditto. 7 - - - - 19 Ditto. 6 - - - - 21 Ditto. 5 - - - - 23 Ditto. (The extra mark towards promotion at present allowed to OfBcers who obtain liigh marks in Parts I. and II. will not be continued.) The voluntary group will include the subjects named below : — (1) Practical Mathematics. (2) Mechanics and Heat. (3) Electricity. (4) Advanced French. (5) Another Foreign Language, viz. : — German, Italian, Spanish, Russian, or Japanese. (6) Naval History. Officers taking the voluntary group must offer at least two subjects, but rnay offer three. An Officer may obtain a 1st Class in the group by doing specialh- well in two subjects, or by reaching a somewhat less high standard in three. The examination in Seamanship, botli written and viva voce, will I)e carried out ])v a Board of five Officers nominated by the Conunander-in-Chief at J'ortsnunith, of whom the President is to be a Captain, aud one of the mendjers a Lieutenant (S). The examination in Ounnery, both written and viva voce, will be carried out by a Board of tAvo or more Officers of the Gunnery School, nominated by the Comnsander- in-Chief at Portsmouth. The examination in Torpedo, both written and viva voce, will be carried oiit by a Board of two or more Officers of the Torpedo School, nominated l)y the Commamlcr- in-Chief at Portsmouth. The examination in Navigation and Pilotage, both written and viva voce, will l)e carried out by a Board of two officers of the Navigation School, nominated by the Commander-in-Chief, with whom will be associated, for the theoretical parts of the examination, one or more Examiners nominated liy the Director of Naval Education. The exiunination^in Engineering will lie carried out l)y Officers nominated bv the Commander-in-Chief at Portsmouth after communication with the khigiiu^er-in-Chief and the Director of Naval Education. The examination as a whole will be carried out under the general supei-intendence of the Conunander-in-Chief with the assistance of the Director of Naval I'^ducation. The latter will be associated for this purpose with each of the Boards and will prepare the time table, issue the necessary directions to Examiners, edit and print the jiapers, and collect and report the results in all subjects. He will correspond directly with the Presidents of the various Boards of Examiners, and will communicate with the Connnander-in-Chief as to the provision of rooms and anj- other details requiring local arrangement. The marks awarded to candidates will not l)e made publie, but will be ronunu- nicatetl by the various Boards to the Director of Naval Education. The Conniuuider-in-Chief will nominate the Officers constituting the various Boards not less than six weeks before the commencement of each examination, and will inform the Director of Naval Education of their names. 'Jlie Boards will prepare cpiestion papers and send them to the Director of Naval Education not later than five weeks before tlie examination for printing and issue. They will include some questions involving applications (jf Mathematics, Afochanics, Heat and Electricity so far as they are relevant to the practical knowledge of the several subjects. FI .3 lUCi COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION I The examination in the five compulsorj' practical subjects will proceed continu- ously until completed. Officers will then go on leave, those taking the voluntary group returning to Portsmouth, after the leave, for examination in them, provided that they are found to have passed in the compulsory subjects. On passing the examination in aU the compulsory subjects Midshipmen will be promoted to the rank of Sidj-Lieutenaut with seniorities according to the time awarded on passing out of the Training Cruisers, viz. : — An ofticer who is awarded four months' time will date his seniority as Sub-Lieutenant three years after being rated Midshipman. An Officer with three and a half months' time will serve half a month longer as Midshipman, and so on. The promotion of Midshiijmen who have been deprived of time will be delayed by the amount of time lost. Officers who fail to pass in any of the five practical sulijects will be sent to sea and will present themselves on the next occasion for examination in the subject or subjects in which they have failed. They will lose two months' time in respect of each subject in which they fail. A second failure will entail the liability to removal from the Service. A Watch-keeping Certificate, as provided for under Art. 270,* paragraph 3, of King's Regulations and Admiralty Instructions, will be required before promotion to Lieutenant. Officers must serve for not less than two years as Commissioned Officers at sea, the proportion of time as Sub-Lieutenant and Lieutenant depending on the class of certificate obtained ; but at least one year must be as a Lieutenant in charge of a Watch in a sea-going ship. At the end of this service Officers will be selected to specialise in the various branches. Those who are accepted for (iunnery. Torpedo, Navigation or Engineering, will attend a course of two terms, approximately six months, at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. This course of instruction will comprise such studies as will fit the Officers to prepare for the practical courses of specialisation. The marks obtained in the Lieutenants' course will be carried forward and contribute to determine the class taken on qualifjung after the practical course at the specialist schools. T'hese Lieutenants' courses will take place three times a year. Lieutenants who do not wish to specialise will also be allowed to go through a course at Greenwich when their services can be spared. By Command of their Lordships, C. I. Thomas. To all Commanders-in-Chief, Captains, Commanders, and Commanding Officers of H. M. Ships and Vessels at Home and Abroad. APPENDIX.! EXAMINATION FOR HANK OF LIi:rTEXANT. Syllabus im' each SuB.iEt'T. I. — Seamanship. II. — Navigation and I'ilotage. III. — Guuueiy. IV. — Torpetlo. V. — Engineering. VI. — Voluntary Subjects. FoKsifiK StfeViCE - Journal r Rigging One Paper < Anchok Work I.— SEAMANSHIP. • {See details) --.--- 1 Neatness and quality of information - - - \ Plans, sketches, mechanical drawings - 1 Fitting of rigging, preservation of rigging, hawsers, boat falls, tackles, strength of ropes, chains, &c.. fittings of torpedo nets Sheers and derricks - I ■ I Working anchors and cables J Fittings in connection with oO 50 50 lo 50 I 100 I 25 J Enclosure 28, (page 167). t For later syllabuses, see Enclosure 23 (page 1-18). 50 100 250 ENCLOSURES. 107 r Ofkicer UK \\'atcii Oral . Rule of Road f Organisation Olio Pajier < . Signals Dtiliu< III' OtticLT of VN'iitch - . . . Rule of the road at sea .... Towing, &('., riiililer and screw - Knowledge of seanianiiko work ... {I'.ff., getting out net defence, landing guns on a beacii, |)re[)aring sliij) for coaling, handling boats, Ijeaching or gelting of!' shore, &c., getting out anchors.) ^ Internal economy . - . . . Stationing of a ship's company ... (/.('., the officer siiould he well acf|naiuled with the general principles underlying stationing a ship's company and know iu detail th(! stations followed in the ship iu which he is ser\ iiig for fire, collision, taking and being taken in tow, getting out bower or siieet anchor, collision mat, working derricks, coming to an anchor, and preparing for sea, and in general the various systems followed in other stations such as dealing with tires in a(!tion, wounded in a(;tion, preparing for war and battle, &c.) Organisation of fleet - - . . . Signal books ---... II.— NAVIGATION AND PILOTAGE. 300 75 100 V [> yoo 75 50. 1,000 1. — Theoretical Navigation anp Nautical AsTRf)XOMY. Kxplanation of terms in ordinary use. the earth being regarded as a sphere. Plane, parallel and miilclle latitude sailing. Construction of Mercator's chart and table of meridianal parts. Mercator's sailing. Great circle and polar charts. Great circle and composite sailing by these charts. Plotting approximate great circle and composite tracks on a Mercator's chart. Easv problems in pursuit and in taking station on a ship in motion. Theory of construction and use of the sextant, vernier, artificial horizon, and station pointer. Principles governinii>iiiictii>ii nf a siniill plan. To make an aineiid- UK'Hl 111 a ('Iran. Scitioii C. — Coiiipiisscs mid ('liniiiiniieters. Tcm''trial nia<'ni'tism and tlic laws of induclion. Tlic niafrnelisiii of ships and its lial)ilitv to flniiiijp. Suinicircnlar, ciiiadrantal and liccdiufr error and the principles of the niecliaiiieal eorreetion. To adjust a siiip for B (.', and IJ. Po swing ship and analyse the deviation talile, findin;; tlie a])proxiinatc eoetfieients. ManaueincMit of the various compasses and their appliances snjiplied. l're(^anlioiis as to stowage and icuUilions as to safe ilistances from electrical appliances, &c. Construction of the compass lo secure steadiness and freedom from friction error. Kelvin compass. JIainifreineut and care of ehroiiometers, stowage and safe distances from electri(!al appliances. To compare and take times aecurately. The value of the several methods of rating chronometers, aud the means adopted for the elimination of errors. 'S. — Subjects nv Ouai. Iv\ amixatiox. Knowledge of duties of navigation officer, ride "King's Eegulatious '' and "Notes lieariug on the Navigation of H.M. Ships." Practical use of charts aud sailing directions, aud of the various books, tables, &c., supplied with the chart boxes. Fi.xing positious by all uielhods, including the station pointer. Shaping courses aud allowing for tides and currents. Principles of navigation in pilotage waters, use of Icadiug marks, clearing marks, danger angles, and of lines of liearing to avoid dangers. To anchor a vessel in a lire-arranged position on a (diart. Precautions when lutvigating in a fog, and method of utilising smiudings. Oeneral systems of lighting, liuoyage, and fog-signals in use on the coast of the British Islands. Piactical use aud nuuiagemeut of lueteoiological iustrumenfs, sounding machines, patent logs, aud other navigating appliances aud the practical adjustment of the sextant. Kuowledu'e of tidal laws, use of Admiralty tide tables ami tidal atlases. Correctiou of compass. The mooring board and the Batteuberg indicator. III.— GUNNERY. This examination, except where otherwise specified, is to include only the guns and machinery of the ship in which the officer has served. Special regard is to be paid to making it a test of an officer's fitness to take charge of guns aud men, and anything iu the nature of the conunittal to memory of detailed drawings or tables of figures is to be avoided. 1. Stripping. — To be able to strip, assemble, and to know the names, uses, and adjustment of all parts of guus and luouutiugsof the secondary armament : 12-, 6- and 3-pdr. guns and mountings, overhead dismounting gear. Jacks and aiming rifles, gun circuits, rifles and pistols, sights, range-finders, and breech mechanisms of all guus 12-iu. and below, of the types carried iu the ships in which the officer has seived. (iuii Drill. — To perform the dut.es of any uumber, to drill aud instruct a gun's crew at a gun of auy type carried in the ships iu which he has served, with detail. Turret Gun Drill. — To perform the duties of any number, to drill aud instruct a turret crew. To answer questions on the machinery and fitting. Ammunition. — A good knowledge of ammunition. Field Training. — To perform accurately the rifle, firing and pistol exercises, and be able to instruct a class without detail. To perform and teach Squad and Company Drill, and to perform the duty of any officer or man iu a company. To perform the duty of any numlier at field or field machine gun aud to drill with detail. To know the action of the mechanism and to able to strip aud assemble any part of a mounting. Hydraulics and. Gun Mountings. — A good knowledge of the hydraulic gun machinery of the ships in which the officer has served. All must know the details of one 12-in. type and one 7'. 5 or 9'2 type of mounting. 2. Orgiuiisatinn. — Internal organisation for war and liattle. Organisation for repelling torpedo attack. Training of gun's crews. Ammunition supply and expenditure. Mechanics of Gunnery. — Elementary iuternal aud external ballistics. Pressure iu a gnu : how measured. Work done on the projectile. Muzzle energy. Energy of rotation. Measurement of muzzle velocity. Hange aud elevation. Use of range tables. Estimation of recoil : how the recoil is taken. Breech mechanism, obturation and firing arrangements. Elementary general notions of the stresses in guns. General features of coustruetion with reference to strength. Char.ictcristios of gun steel. RiHiug. Driving bands. Erosion, its causes and effects. Composition and general characteristics of propellants anil high explosives. Characteristics of explosion aud detonation. Tests of cordite. Principles of action in safety fuzes. .Sighting arrangements. Telescopic sights. Night sights. liange-finders. Calibration, causes afi'ecliug accuracy. Genera! arrangements for fire control. General characteristics of armour and A. I', projectiles. Penetration. Action of soft cap. Types and arrangement of guus aud armour in modern ships (British and foreign). IV.— TORPEDO. The Midshipman will be required to pass an examination iu torpedo work in which he will be examined in the subjects named below. In particular, the examination should aim at finding out what knowledge the young officer has of the mechanism of the weapons and how they are used : the committing to memorv of detailed sketches or tables of weights and dimensions is to be avoided. ENCLOSURES. 109 A. — W'miKUEAH. (1 ) The fuuctioiis and capiiliilities of ;i toipcdn. (2) The details of head, air ciiamlicr, liahiiicc chuiiil^r, oiif^inc roou), {rvroscope, servomoif)r8, \aiv(s, and ail rittiufis in aiiv tvpe in tlic ships in uliicli tin- Midsliipnian Inis served. lie shnnid l>o .il)le to iniilvo simple iliiifrranimatie .sketches of the |)arts, and to explain theii- action. (.i) The iij;iiliiliiins affecting the care of torpedoes in prai'tiee and niainteiianee. (4) Tiie tests inmle iiefore rnnnin;; : |)reparinj;; torpedoes for wai. (.)) Air pnni])s and air services. The suhnierged and al)ove water tubes. The duties ami ilrili al tul>e.i, and dropping gear. (6) The director. (7) The pistol aud uel-entter : liow litled. tested, and stowed. B.— MiM.\<;. (1) Methods of offensive mining. ('2) The splierical mine and its fittings (general Init not a detailed knowledge). (I! ) Methols of clearing mine fields : — {fA ]'>y countermining. (A) l?y sweeping and creeping. (i) Demolition and explosives, with general knowledge of manMra<'ture, stowage, and testing. C. — PR.vcricAL ELKcriticirv am> ELEiruirAi. Ai'im.i ance.s. (1) Cells and liatieries commoidy used in the Service, theiiai'lion and (diaracteristics : general principles of the electric circuit. (2) Elementary theoiy of dynamos and motors, and general principles of their (Construction. Tvpes of dynamos and motors. (3) Controllers, starters, and other special fittings used in connection with motors. (4) Care and maintenance of electric machines and elementary testing. (5) JSwitchlioards and measuring instrumenis, use of instruments. Distribution of electric jiowcr in ships. (6) Electric lighting. Types of fittings. Systems of wiiing. Testing for faults. (7) Search arrd arc lighting. Princi|)le of the automatic searchlight lamp and how to use it practically. Control of searchlights. (8) Telephones and electric bells. (9) (inirs circuits and night sights. (10) Fire control installations. (11) Elementary imtions of Wireless Telegraphy. .Sending and receiving apparatus. v.— ENGINEERING. In addition to the practical work already detailed iir the Regulations, Midshipmen will study engineering subjects in accordance with the following syllalnts : — A. *GenEKAL PRINCtPLES. Xutnrc nf Heiil. — Temperature aird its measurement. Effects of Heat. — Coefficients of e.xpansion of colids and liquids, and provision for expansion of parts iir machirrery. E.rpniisioii of (insrs. — Bovle's ami Charles' laws : absolute temperature : applications c)f formrrlii I'V = cT. Qtiantiti/ nf Heat. — Specific heat of solids and liqnirr of power in cylinders of com])ourrd engines. Indicators. — Their coirstruction arrd use : conditiorrs for obtainirrg accurate diagrams : sketches of diagrams and description of fardts irr working deduced fiorn diagrams (for steam, oil, and gas engines). Calculatioir of power from diagnims, Tiir/iines. — Elementary theory of the steam lirrbines : flow of steam. Sijceil of wheel for maxiriiurii erticieucy : reasoir for high peripheral speed and how this can be reiluced. Types of turbines. ' J'liis part (if the Syllabus relates chiefly ro suhjccis which have been studied iu tlic Cadets" Course, an elcnicniary kriowlc Igc of which is to he kept tip during service as Miilshipmau. 110 COMMITTEE on EDUCATION : Simp/f Slifle f'lilvc. — Action anil setting f)f valve. Zciincr's viilve iliiigraiii, ixaMin toi- double ported valves. Mci/iaiiirx of' the Engine. — Kleiiiciitaiv coiisideratioii of infliK'iK'f ol iiiortia of rcciproitatiiig parts. IJahiiii-iiig. /{rsis/tincf to I'nipiilsioii. — Friclioual resist anee and wave nialiiiig : late of increase of resistance for niodoiate speeds : lelatioii lictween ])o\vcr. speed and coal coiisuinplion : economical speed. Screw Propeller. — Definitions of terms used, such as pilcli, piojected area, speed of screw, slip : advantages of twin screws. Coinbiisfioii. — Composition of coal and oil fuel : air sujiplv lecpiired. B. — Makine Engines and Aixiliary Machinery. Main Knt/ints. — Modern forms of Direct Acting Propelling Engines : functions of eacdi ])arl and details of construction of the important i)ieees, such as cylinders, pistons, slide valves, link motions, important bearings and glaiuls, eoudeusers, air pumps, framing, adjustments for all moving parts. Turbines. — Parsons' type : finx'tion of parts : details of construction of the inn)orlant parts, such as rotors, stators or casings, blading, glands, tliiust blocks, dummy ])istons, couplings : average clearances allowed : general arrangen^ents in ships : advantages and disadvantages over the direct-acting engine, liiteniiil Coinliiis/iun Ent/ini'n. — Functions of parts and details of parts peculiar to the engine, such as vapouriser.s, governing gear, igniters, oil supply pumps, air and exhaust valves, starting arrangements, advantages and disadvantages over steam engines. Bailers. — Details of construction of the parts under pressure, onsings and sujiports of cylindrical, fjellevillc, Babcock and Wilcox, and Yarrow large tube boilers : and Thornycroft, Yarrow, White Forster, Normaud small tube boilcis. Details of im]>ortant boiler mountings, such as stop valves, safetv valves, gauge glasses, feed regulators, Gcnerril Arrangements of main and auxiliary steam and e.^baust leaths of pipes and valves feed system, including evaporators and distillers with the drinking watei connectious : details of construction of main and auxiliary feed pum])s, evaporators, fire and bilge pumps, blowing engines, fans and all auxiliary engines in engine and boiler rooms, jitni/ifiri/ Mcichiticri/. — Hydraulic installation : general arrangement of ])ipes and valves for distributing power : detail of the piim]) and engine : governing devices : details of pipe jointing. Refrigerating Phint. — Types used. Elementary principles of action. Principal details of dry air, carbonic acid and annnonia refrigerating machinery. Brine circulation. Arrangemeuts for cooling magazines. Electric InstdlUttinii. — Types of engines used : detail of governor to provide for searchlight practice : use of oil engines : advantage over steam engines : details of parts jteculiar to engine. Air Compressnig I'hnit. — Types of air compressors used and iletail of puini)S : details of packing, air cooling and lubrication : general arrangement of air leads and details of separator columns and storage reservoirs : i>ipe jointings. Cnjistan Gear. — Type of engine : general ariangement of the plant : delail of differential val\i', hauling and veering clutches, cable holders. Steering Gear. — (ieneral iirrangement of planl from rudder licail to engine : detail of ditterential valve and hunting gear. Misiellatieoiis. — .\ detail knowledge of engine room telegrajilis. centering devices : steering engine and telegraph control shafting : means of clianging position of control : detail of lubricating arrangements for all engines. Coaling gear, transporters. Oil fuel burning and conditions required for good stoking. C^Ship Construction, JIalerials used in construction, and where used. Tests of materials : comparison of a ship to a loaded beam. Metacentric height. Angle of heel and trim due to change of distrilmtion of weight : stability : tons per inch immersion. CTeueral knowledge (not detail dimensions) of the eonstrnction of plating of hull : beams, longitudinal and transverse framing : water-tight divisions of ships and means of access, doors and hatches : armour, position and attachment : protecti\ e decks : engine and boiler bearers and staying : stem, stern and A frames : stern tube fittings : coal bunker arrangements and coaling fittings, pinnping, flooding and drainage arrangements of the hull generally. Ventilation systems. Steering arrangemeuts. Types of rudders, M.— VOLL'NTAKY SUBJECTS, 1. — Mathematics. 1, Elementary algelira auiilric in iiiiirornilv rotiitin^ sliat't. 6. MetlioJs of lixiufT |io:iituiii nl' a [idiiil in s|)ai-i-. l{c(;tuii<;iiliir co-Driliiiates : polar <-<)-oi(lin!ites. Direction of a line in space. Projections of » line (;n planes of reference. Traces of a line and of a jilano. Elementary notions in iloscriptivc ireoinclry. Plan mid elevation. Simple proMcin- on lines, |ilanos, and rectaDes :-- - = algebraic function of .v. (I.V ', = algebraic function of ,c. il.i- y =1 // V '/ or some similar algebraic function of //. d.v Tlie solutions of the following e([uations to be known and verified : — Nearly all the parts of this syllabus will bo found treated in Castle's " Manual of Practical Mathe- matics " (Macmillan & Co.). Ofticers are recommended to read the following portions of that book and work the corresponding examples : — Cha])ters I.-X. ., XI. up to p. 231. Xill.. omitting pp. 286, 2 87. and Ex. XXXIIl, XIV. XV.. omitting pj). 330-.334. XVI.-XVII. XIX.-XX. 2. — Mf-chanics AMD Heat. Units. Dimensions of units. Vector quantities. Force and motion. Kelation between force, mass, and acceleration, delation between force, time, and monientum. Action and reaction. .Newton's laws of motion. Conservation of momentum. Uecoil : impact. Siuiple applications. Work. Power. Energy. Conservation of energy. Eqnilibrimn of forces. Force polygon. Resnltaut of a system of forces in one plane. Parallel forces. Moment of a force. Couples. Resultant of any system of forces. Centre of gravity, b'rietion : Coefficient of frii'tion. Friction of rope on bollard or capstan barrel. Applications relating to simple machines, sindi as tackles, cajistan. screw-jack, Weston's pulleys, worm gearing. A'elocity ratio and mechanical advantage in nia(diiues. HtHciency of machines. A])plicafions relating to stresses in the parts of spans, jointed frames, derricks, sheers. &v. Fluid pressine. Centre of pressure on plane area. Pressure on watertight doors ami bulkheads in a flooded compartment. Resultant pressure on floating or submerged body. Kcpiilibritnn of floating bodies. Metaceutre. Stability. Calculation of metacentric height for small displacements. Piiu'tical ilclerminatiou of metacentric height. Changes in trim and heel diu' to loads. Common hydiaiilic machines. Hydraulic transmission of power. Fluid friction. Nature of the resistance to propulsion of ships. Relation of horse-power to speed. Uniformly accelerated motion. Falling bodies. Projectiles. Uniform motion in a cirlic and non-elastic strain. Safe stress. Tensile strength and shearing strcnt;tli. r>eha\iour of materials under tension, comiuession, torsion, and bending. Elastic limit. Ilooke's law. Young's modulus (d' elasticity. Modulus of rigidity. Ordinary tests of metal. Simi)le applications relating to the strength of tie-rods and ')f joints and fastenings. Simple cases of loaded beams. Hending moments. Uelalion of greatest intensity of stress to bending moments. Round shaft under torsion. Relation cd' greatest intensity of .^trc-s to twisting moment. Torsion Dynamometer. , 112 Committee (^n EDiicATto^* Heat, its! iiMluie. nu^asiireiueiit and otfects. Temperiitiirc. 'i'lic iilisoliitc /fio cxiiLiliii'd l>y rcfcri'iicc lo the iji-opcrties of an iiical ])eilect f;as. Traiisforiiiatioii of licat iiili) work. Ideal lii'iit i'iit;iiic. C'aiiiol's cve]niaiieut magm-ls. Fliuder's bar and spheres lo neutrahse magnetic fields due to ship. Effects of current-bearing coudnctors near binnacle. Use of defleelor and heeling error instrument. Elementary |)nnci|iles of <-ontinU(ius current dynamo : arnuitnie (diinn and ring), lield nnignets ( series, shimt and comimund winding), commutator, brushes. lOnerwy losses in dynamo, direct ami indirect, mechanical and electrical : friction, C-'K losses in armature and Keld magnets, eddy ciurents in iron and copper, and hysteresis. Armature reaction : position of hrnshes, .sparklcss connnutalion. ]';ie:'trical and commerciaretticieneies of dynamo. Ty])ical characteristic curves of series' and shunt dynamos. Motors : back E.^VI.F. : calculiition of niechanical power and driving torque generated. Effect of '\arying Held strength when toripie ami impressed E.M.F. are constant. Etl'ecr of varying inijiressed E.JI.F.. ( I ) when magnets are saturated, (2) when field strength changes with lO.M.F. Ben A Co.), 190:'. edition : — 13 41!. 74-170, 183-201, 211-222,226-272, 30.')-3tS8, 388 400. 118-421, 451 470, .')38-.")4 6, .').') 7-.'<67. .')93-61(), 747-7."il. Also the following articles in " The Principles of Wireless Telegraphy " by J. A. Fleming : — Chap. 1. arts. 4, 7, 1 1-13, 14 (pp. 73-76). Chap. 6, arls. 1-4, S. Chap. 7. art. 5. For the Correction of the Compass, the Elementary Manual for the Deviations of the Comjiass shoul.l be cnnstilted. 4. — Fkf.ni'h. The standaril of the examination in French will be soniewhal higher than that reached on jiassing oui of Dartmouth College. Some acciuaiutance with the marilime idiom in general use among Naval Officers will be expected, but not the leidinical terms which belong lo special branches only. 5. — Othei! FoKi'.Kix J>.\N(:rA(;f.s. In the other foreign languages specifietl (German, llalian, Spanish, Knssian, and Japanese) the paper will be of an elementary eharactei'. and the candidale will be expected to have a fair knowledge of onlinary idiom onlv. In tliipanese no acquainlance with ihe willien i burai-U r will be required. E\'('i.(isi;iu:s. ' 113 Caiiili(lat(!s hilviiig any of tliuse Imigiiajrcs ;irr n'(|iiiiv.l to iK.lifv ilieir iiili'iilidii l« llic Director ol' NhmiI KililOiUioii at learnt throe luoiitlis bofori' tlu' exaiiiiiiai imi, >|)L-cil yiiij: llic- laiijiiiayo iu wliich ilirv ilcsirc to In- exiiuiiiicMl. li. — X A\ u. Ills loin. Mitislii]micii wlio iiilciid lo oHcv Na\al llistoiv as a \oliiHtaiv siilijcct will sliidx in drlail llir cvciils of one or inoru of tlio past wars. The study is to lie (lifectinl to ii idrar Uii(K'islaiidiii',' of the iMriiis loailiiig to liic war : llic iidliieiict' of foreign policy on the opnrat.ions of the several eanipaijjn< : th,' artiide.'j of peace : the general jjlan on wliicdi the war was coiidneled ; the operations of the Naval and Military foictcs in so far as tliey are rcdated : the defence and attack of eoinniere(>, and its iiiHiiciiee on the main opeialioiis ; and an\- progress in ori'unisation, tactics or shi]) design wiiitdi arc features of the period under review. The period, which will form the siihjecl of the E\aniin;ilioii foi- Lienteiiaiu. will he ncitilieil whc n Mid- shipmen leave the Training Cruisers. The following is a, representative li-l of pi-iiods. and cd' ihr names of liodk-, wliicdi niav Im- rcferivd to, in <'oniieeti(ni with each : — I'KItlDI) I. Commoiiwealih and Diileli \Vars to the Treal\ of WestininsiiT, 1^)74. Aiillioiiricx. Pruioi. n. The Wars of Louis XH'., 1 G.'W, to the Peace of Ulreclit. (League of Augslnirg aiiil Spanish Succession.) Periui) III. The Wars with France and Spain, 1718-1763. (Spanish War, Austrian Succession, Seveu Years' War.) ricinoD W. The War of .Vmerican Independence. I'EIIKiI) X . The IJevoliitionary ami Xapoleonic Wars and tin' Ameiircise his discretion in directing the work of the Midshipmen, the object being to secure that when the Midshipman's sea service as such is completed he will be lit, without liirtlier instruction, to perform satisfactorily all the duties which may be required at sea of a Sub-Lieutenant or Lieutenant, having a competent practical know ledge not only of Seamanship and the general duties of an Officer, but also of Cnnnery, Torpedo, Engineering, and Navigation. 114 COMMITTEE OV EDDCATION ! 4. To this end a combination of two methods is to be employed in the training of Midshipmen. They are to learn their work- — a. By lieing attached to the several Officei's uf the ship for definite periods, during which they will observe and take part in what the Officers do in the per- formance of their several duties. 1). Bv means of systematic instruction in the several subjects in which professional knowledge has to be acquired. This instruction is to. be given partly by lectures or less formal tuition and partly by making the Midshipmen carry out practical work which need not necessarily be part of the usual routine, but may be designe Engine-Room he shoidd make sufficient acquaintance with the accounts kept of the receipt and e.Kpenditure of stores, and the Engine-Room Register and defect list, to obtain an insight into the business management of the department. (J. The Engineer Captain of each Elect is to make it a part of his duty to supervise generally the Engineering instruction of Midshipmen throughout the Elect by visits to Ships' to see that the directions for the training of Midshipmen in the Engine-Room are l)eing properly carried out, and he Is to be responsible for recommendations on r i2t!i»ij X ]18 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION: the sul)ject to the Comraaiidcr-in-Chief or Admiral in commaiuL This general supervision is not in any way to interfere with the responsibility of the Engineer Oificer of the Ship, or with the authority of the Captain in this matter. At Sea. h. The Midshipmen of the Engineering Section arc to keep regular watch (with Connnissioned Officers if possible), preferably iu three watches, so that they may always work with their own watch of stokers. But during their first year Midshipnien keeping engineering watches are to be excused from duty between the hours of^lO p.m. and 5 a.m. /. They should begin by taking part in the routine, blowing down boilers, taking densities, making entries in the eugiue-room register, handling engines, taking indicator diagrams to be worked out \\hen off watch, and looking after bearings, evaporators, and auxiliary machinery. They should then do the duty of Stoker Petty Officer of the Engine-Room, and when efficient in this take charge as Stoker Petty Officer in the stokehold, then learn to take charge of an engine-room, and linally of all boiler rooms. It is to be noted in the Midshipman's History Sheet when he has performed these duties. j. Before he is granted the certificate of the Engineer Officer of the Ship in which he last serves, to shoAv that he has satisfactorily performed the duty of Engineer Officer of the watch, each JMidshipman should have had complete charge of a watch in the Engine-room and should have been responsible for it. In Harbour. k. The Midshipmen of the Engineering Section are to be detailed separately* or in groups of twos as may be convenient for the following duties : — (1) Senior Engineer's Assistant. (2) Boilers. (3) Outside Machinery. (4) Double Bottoms. (5) Boats. /. Two of these duties may be combined in case the number of Midshipmen is insufficient to provide one for each. V). The Midshipmen are also to take turns as Midshipman of the day to help the Engineer Officer of the day. About three weeks shoidd be spent on each duty, not more than three duties being attempted in a two-monthly period. During the Midshipmali's time in each DeiDartment he is expected to acquire a good knowdedge of it, learning where sj^are gear is kept, when tests are due, and so forth. He sliouhl supervise the hands, attend to the cleanliness of the department, see valves worked and engines started and running, take notes of the work going on, and make sketches of i)ipe-leads and details of machinery. The Midshipman of the boats should make fiequent trips in the boats' engine-rooms and stokeholds, report defects, and see them made good. )(. When working as senior Engineer's Assistant the Midshipman is to have an opportunity of obtaining insight into the adjustment of main and auxiliary engines, and the executive duties and organisation of the Department. He is to write iip the register and help iu arranging the work of the hands. 0. The Midshipman of the day is to help the Engineer Officer of the day in ordinary routine work, divisions, quarters, night rounds, &c. He shmdd take charge of all minor operations such as starting, cleaning and working of evaporators, renewing filter cartridges, and finding leaks. p. It is not expected that Midshipmen can at once undertake the supervision of Engine-Room Artificers' work, but they should have as much opportunity as possible of gaining insight into it, so that with further sea experience they will be fitted to direct ordinary repair operations. q. Care is to be taken to instruct the Midshipmen during General Quarters, Fire and Collision Quarters, &c. in the duties of Engineer Officers on those occasions. ENCLOSURES. 119 r. In case the Shi]) does not spend enough time at sea to make all Midshipmen well acquainted with engine-room watehkeeping without keeping the night watches, these may l)e kept. For the same reason it may be desirable to give Midshipmen a certain amount of auxiliary \vatc'hke(>ping in harbour, by making each Midshijjman in turn keep the morning (auxiliary) harbour watch, and in such cases they should be given complete charge as soon as possible. s. Midshipmen should be enabled to take atlvantage of such opportunities as present themselves of seeing engineering operations in the Dockyards. 28. The foregoing directions relate particularly to "A" Ships. In " H" Ships the routine should be modified to suit the conditions of the type of Ship concerned, having regard also to the number of Midshipmen to be provided for. But In all cases the .general principle is to l)e adhered to, that the ^Iidshij)men are to learn their duties chiefly liy taking part in the work of the Ship under the several OtHcers, and that the (Jlficers are to l^e responsible for seeing that they do this and for givin"' whatever instruction is needed in the several professional subjects. It is also to be understood that in arranging a routine suitaljle for smaller Ships, the proportion of time allotted to the three chief branches of work is to remain substantially the same as in the routine laid down for " A " Ships, about one-third of the total being allotted to engineering. 29. Midshipmen will be required to attend the lectures on professional subjects in the several sections unless specially excused, and it will be open to any Midshipman of another section to attend whose duties admit of it. This rule applies not only to lectures given liy the various Executive and Engineer Officers, but also to lessons in Navigation or other professional subjects given loy the Naval Instructor. Saturday forenoon should as a general rule be utilised for lectures. As the Midshipmen advance they themselves should be directed to prepare and give short lectures on the various subjects. 30. Midshipmen may be excused from the Naval Instructor's lessons in navigation when they have, in his opinion, reached a sufficiently high standard and may be more usefully employed in other work. 31. Lectures or lessons on the voluntary subjects of the syllabus are to be arranged for as far as may be practicable, but the attendance of Midshipmen at such lessons will be voluntary. Midshipmen should be encouraged to select voluntary subjects of study, and should have whatever assistance can be given. In " B " Ships a suitable place is to be reserved for study when the size of the Ship admits of this being done. 32. The Marine Officer is to give such instruction to the Midshipmen as may be considered desirable by the Commanding Officer. Enclosure No IG in Third Report of Education QommUtee, dated iStk Septeniher 1912. Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. Orders for Cadets awav ix Motor Boat. Now in force. Cadet in charge. Before going, names of C'adots in boat to be left in the Office at College. Boat to remain in sight of the ship unless the Commander's permission has been ol)tained otherwise. Cadets are to satisfy thems(4ves thai the oars and rowlocks are in the boat before casting off from the buoy. The boat is to 1 )e kept as clean as possible. If any troidjle is experienced or defect develops, it is to be reported to Engineer Lieutenant Start, or to the Engineer Lieutenant of the Term as soon as possible. The boat is to be tied up to the buoy before dark ; the engine cover is to bo properly fixed, and the petrol cock shut off before leaving. 1 2 120 riiMMnTKK ii\ EiaCATION : IJoyal Xaval College, Dartiiiuiith. Cadet in charge. Orders for Cadets away in ;:>team Boat. Boat to remain in sight ol' the ship unless the Commander's permission has been ohtalned otherwise. Before going, names of Cadets in boat to be lell in Office at College. There must always be one Cadet in the Boat. The boat is to be kept as clean as possible. Overall suits are to be worn. If any defect developes, the boat is to return at once, and the matter is to be reported to Engineer Lieutenant Murray, or to tlie Engineer Lieutenant of the Term as soon as possible. On returning, the boat is to be taken alongside the dynamo boat before dark, and turned over to tlie Stoker P.O. there. Cadets are to satisfy themselves that the auxiliary feed pump will piunp water into the boiler before casting off. The greatest attention is to be paid to the water level, and iires must be drawn at once if it goes out of sight. Cadets must not land in Overalls outside the College grounds. Enclosure No. 17 in Third Uepoii of Education Conmittee, dated V6th September 1912. Form E.— 190 . (Authority : — King's Regulations and Admiralty Instructions, Articles 297 and 299.) Record and Certificates as amended hy the Committee of Mr. during his service as Naval Cadet, ^lidshipman and Sub-Lieutenant, including Residts of the Examination for the Rank of Lieutenant. Signature in full of the Officer to whom these Certificates relate. Contents . 1. Naval Cadet Passing-out Certificate. 2. Certificate on leaving Training Cruiser. 3. Record of Efficiency in all branches (" Former Service "*'). 4. Qualifj'ing Certificate — Boats and Signals. 5. ,, ,, Engine Room Duties. 6. ,, ,, Navigation Observations. 7. Certificates of Seamanship, Navigation and Pilotage, Gunnery, Torpedo, and Engineering Boards. N.B. — This form is to be kept in duplicate for every Officer until he has passed for the rank of Lieutenant, and passed from ship to ship, addi-essed to the Commanding Officer. It is to he handed to the officer when he is due for examination for the rank of Lieutenant and produced by him at his professional examinations. One copy is to be forwarded to the Admiralty when the results of all the examinations are recorded in it, the other is to be retained by the officer. The attention of officers is called to the fact that they are themselves responsilile for obtaining all the Certificates, &c., required throughout their service, and that applications should not be made to the Admiralty for copies of Certificates, unless every other means of obtaining them has failed or Certificates have been lost in unusual and exceptional circumstances. Vide "Record of FJfficiencv in all Branches," page 12), Number ou Books of R.N. College, Dartmouth Fu pursuance of the Orders of the Lonls ('oiiiimssioiiei's of the Ailmiralty, Mr. , Naval Cadet, borne on the hooks of : — rwo.M TO Royal Naval (^oUege, Osborne, ,, ,, ,, l')artiiu)utlj, has been examined iu the suf)jtx'ts of the authorised ( iirriruluiu, and is entitled to a Class in the subjects of College Course. His conthict under training has been satisfactory. fie can swim. He receives the foLlowiug ailowaucL' of sea time in months :- - Date of Birtli - - - - - ; Date he slionhl be rated Midshipman Datt^he should pass for theraidc of Lieutenant, provided he has comjileted his sea time r*ate to l)e advanced to Suli-Lieutenant Captain, Date R.N. College. Dartmouth. Certificate on levying Training Cruiser. This is to certify that j\fr. , Naval Cadet, has been through a course of training on board this ship. His knowledge and ability are : — In Seamanship — In Navigation — In Pilotage — in Cunnerv — In Torpedo and I'Jloclrical Work - • In Engineering — lie has shown attention to his work, and his conduct has been Given on board His Majesty's Ship this day of 10 . Captain. REConn of Efficiency in ali T.ranches ("Former Service"). Awards for abibty as an officer in all branches ("Former Service"), viz.: — Seamanship, Navigation and Pilotage, Cunnery, Torpedo, and Engineering will be assessed at intervals of six months from commencement of time as Midshipman, and on leaving the ship, provided not less than three months have ehqised since the last assessment. 2. On becoming Acting Sub-Lieutenanl tlie awards for seamanship and navigation will cease; those for gunnery, torpedo and engineering will be continued until the officer passes in those subjects. 3. Should the date of assessment come before an officer has been three months iu the ship, the award will be deferred until three months have expired. •1. The award will be made in marks, full marks Ijeing KlU in each sid)ject. The award will be governed by the percentage of marks required for the different classes in the several examinations for the rank of Lieutenant, thus : — In Seamanship, Navigation and Pilotage, Gunnery, and Torpedcj - First Chiss - - - - - - S-"' or more, Second „ - - - - - - 65 to 84, Third „ 50 to 64, In Engineering — First Class - - - - - - 70 or more, Second „ - - - - - - oo to C9, Third „ 40 to 54. Regard is to be had throughout to the age and seniority of the officer. 122 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION : 5. Should it be considered that an officer is not up to the standard of efficiency of a thiril class, he may be given marks below that class. 6. When the officer presents himself for examination for the rank of Lieutenant the mean of all these awards, each subject Ijeing taken separately, will count in the examination in that subject as " Former Service." 7. These marks are to he in no way influenced by his conduct, but are to represent his Conunanding Officer's opinion of his efficiency as an officer in the actual performance of his practical duties. 8. As it is impossible for the Commanding Officer to have personal knowledge of each officer's proliciency in all subjects, he is to take to his assistance in assessing the marks the officers responsible for each instruction, viz. :^the Executive, Navigating, Gumiery, Torpedo, and Engineer Officers. Record of Efficiency. Seamanship. Ship. reririd of Service in Ship, Number of Days in the Department during the Teriud. Marks Siariature of Executive Officer. Captain's Initials. Total Marks Mean Navigation and Pilotage. Ship. Periwl uf Service in Shi]i. Number uf Days in tlie Department during tlie Period. Marl »> Date. of This is to certify that Mr. Engine Room Duties. has satisfactorily carried out the duties (a) Stoker Petty Officer of a Stokehold ; (fe) Stoker Petty Officer of an Engine Room ; and that he has satisfactorily taken charge of : — (a) An Engine Room ; (h) All the Boiler Rooms. Approved. Engineer Officer. Date. Captain, H.M.S. " Navigatio n Observations. This is to certify that Mr. , Midshipman, has completed the prescribed list of observations, as specified in the King's Regulations, and that the books containing the worked-out observations have been sent to the Office of the Director of Naval Education for inspection. First set sent in , Second set sent in Navigating Officer Captain Date ; Navigating Officer Captain ! Date ' Certificate of Examination in Seamanship for the Rank of Lieutenant. Mr. , Midshipman, having been examined in Seamanship by this Board for the rank of Lieutenant, and having produced the prescribed certificates, viz : — (1) Qualification in handling boats ; (2) Qualification in Morse and Semapliore ; is declared to have sufficient knowledge to take charge, as Officer of the Watch on deck, of a ship of war at sea, and to perform satisfactorily such duties as may be * Two Officers of the Military Branch. I 4 124 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION : required of an Officer of the rank of Lieuteuaiit, aud is hereby awarded a class certificate. Signature. Date Ural Examination : — Rigging, &c. - Anchor work - Rule of Road - Officer of Watch dxities Organisation - Signals Journal Former service - Total Rank. Full Marks For a First Class „ Second ,, „ Third „ 75 125 100 250 150 150 50 100 - 1,000 850 marks. 650 „ 500 „ Marks awarded. Ceimifu'aie of Examination in Navigation and Pilotage for the Rank of Lieutenant. Mr. , Midshipman, having been examined in navigation and pilotage by this Board for the rank of Lieutenant, and having produced his work book and a certificate showing that he has cf)mpleted the prescribed list of observations, is declared to have sufficient knowledge to navigate one of His Majesty's Ships, and is hereby awarded a class certificate. vSignature. Rank. Date Written Examination : — Section I. reckoning and observations - Section 11. Navigation, nautical astronomy, tides and compasses Oral Examination : — Section III. Chronometers - - - - Winds and currents - - - Use of charts and sailing directions - Fixing positions and shaping courses - Navigation in pilotage waters General systems of coast lights and buovs _ - - . sounding ma- Use of instruments, chines, &c. - Tides and tide tables - - - Mooring Board, Battenberg Indicator and Grant's Manoeuvring Board Compasses _ - _ _ Former Service _ . - 275- 150. 30 1 30 i 45 80 50 40 y 40 50 50 (50; Full Marks. Marks awarded. 425 475 100 Total For a First Class „ Second ,, .. Third .. - 1,000 850 marks. 650 500 KN'cr/'st'nES. 125 rUoin'IKU'ATK OF EvvMlNAI'ION l\ Ci INN KIJV loi; I'llK liANK OF Ll FUTKNAN T. Mr. , Acting 8ub-]jieuteuaiit, having been examined in Gunnery by this Board for the rank of Lieutenant, is declared to he qualified to take charge of a turret or other quarters, and to perform such gnauery duties as may be required of an ollicer of the rank of Ijieutcnant. Signature. Date Oral Examination : — Duties of Officer of Quarters Fire control Hydraidics Maxim - - - Ammunition Field Training - Organisation Former Service Total Rank. Full Marks, drill 175 Marks awarded. 350 11^5 125 25 50 100 125 100 1,000 {: emainder 175. For a First Class ,, Second ,, „ Third „ 850 marks. 650 „ 500 „ Certificate of Examination in Torpedo for the Rank of Lieutenant. Mr. , Acting Sub-Lieutenant, having been examined in Torpedo by this Board for the rank of Lieutenant, is declared to be qualified in the use and care of torpedo weapons on board ship, and to have a practical knowledge of electrical work and the electric appliances in use in the Service, and is hereljy awarded a class certificate. Signature. Rank. Date C)ral Examination : — Whitehead- -Part I. Part 11. Director - Mining - Electrical work Former Service Full Marks. Marks awarded. Total 200 200 100 100 300 100 1,000 For a First Class ,, Second ,, ,, Thii-d „ 850 marks. 650 „ 500 „ Certificatk of Examination ix Exqineerixg fou thf Rank of Lieutenant. This is to certify that Mr. , Acting Sub-Lieutenant, having l^een examined by this Board for the rank of Lieutenant, is declared to have sid'iicient knowledge to take charge as Engineer Officer of the Watch in a ship of war at sea J26 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION : iiuder an experienced Engineer OtBcer, if necessary, and to perform satisfactorily such duties as may be required of a Junior Engineer OflBcer. He is hereby awarded a Class Certificate. Siflfuature. Rank. Date FuU ]\Iarks. Marks awarded. Engineering Note-Book _ _ - - 100 Written Examination . . - - 400 Oral Examination : — Main machinery - - - - - 50 Boilers ------ 50 Auxiliary machinery and steamboats - - 50 Duties of Engineer Officer of the Watch at sea and in harbour - ' - - - 90 Examinations, adjustments, repairs, and minor mishaps to machinery and boilers - - 160 Former Service ----- 100 Total- - 1,000 For a First Class - - 700 marks. ,, Second ,, - - 550 ,, „ Third „ - - 400 „ Enclosure No. 18 in Third Report of Education Committee, dated ISth September 1912. Regulatioks fok the Training of Junior Officers, As proposed hy the Covimittee. 1. On leaving the training cruioer Midshipmen will serve for a minimum period of two j-ears and four months at sea in that rank, and will remain as far as possible in the same ship. 2. The Training of Midshipmen and acting Sub-Lieutenants in seagoing ships Avill be so directed as to give them a practical knowledge of Seamanship, Navigation and Pilotage, Gunnery, Torpedo, and Engineering, and generally to lit them to perform the duties of a Lieutenant. .3. The training will consist chiefly in taking part in the daily work of the ship, and wiU be supplemented by such lectures or formal instruction as may be necessary. 4. Under the general supervision of the Captain, who will regulate the details, the responsibility for the training and instruction will rest with the — Executive Officer in Seamanship and deck duties, Navigating Officer in Navigation and PiLjtage, Gunneiy Officer in Gunnery, Torpedo Officer in Torpedo, Engineer Officer in Engineering. 5. ^lidshipmen are not to be employed on the ship's clerical work, such as writing lip engiueeriug, gunnery, and torpedo logs, or filling in returns. 6. The Midshipmen will be divided into three sections, of which two will be employed on deck, on navigation and pilotage, gunnery and torpedo duties, and one on engineering duties. The sections will change rounds not oftener than every two months. 7. The time will be so allotted that — One-sixth will be devoted to deck duties, ,, ,, „ ,, pilotage duties, n „ „ gunnery „ „ ,, torpedo „ and oue-third will be devoted to engineering duties. All those who cannot be usefully ENOI.dSCRES. ll>7 employed by the Navigating, (hiunery, and Torpedo Officers will be at the disposal of tlie Executive Officer for deck duties, signals, boat work, mates of ilecks, (*cc. 8. To bracket deck (hilirs with iinvigation and pilotage, and gunnery with torpedo duties, has been found to be a good arrangement. 9. Arrangements will be made as far as possible to enable all ]\lidshij/men to be present at any lecture which they can attend together with advantage. The same principle will also be extended to special drills for the two sections which are not employed in the engine room. 10. The period during which each ]\fidshipman or Acting Sid)-Lieutenant is performing duties in each branch will l)e recorded in tlu^ Junior Officers' T'ertificate (Form E. 190). On the same form awards for ability as an ofHcer in all l)ranches — viz. : — seamanship, navigation and pilotage, gunnery, torpedo and engineering — will be assessed at intervals of six months from commencement of time as Midshipman, and on leaving the ship, provided not less than three months have elapsed since tlie last assessment. Should the date of assessment come before an officer has been three months in the ship, the award will be deferred until three months have expired. The award will be made in marks, full marks being 100 in each subject. The award will be governed by the percentage of marks recjuired for the different classes in the several examinations for the rank of Lieutenant, thus : — In Seamanship, Navigation and Pilotage, Gunnery and Torpedo — First Class - - - - - - 85 or more. Second ,, - - - - - - 65 to 84 inclusive. Third „ - - - - - - 50 to 64 In Engineering — First Class - - - - - - 70 or more. Second „ - - - - - - 55 to 69 inclusive. Third „ - - - - - - 40 to 54 „ Regard is to be had throughout to the age and seniority of the officer. Should it be considered that an officer is not up to the standard of efficiency of a third class, he may be given marks below that class. 11. When the Midshipman (or Acting Sub-Lieutenant) presents himself fur examination for the rank of Lieutenant, the mean of all these awards, each subject being taken separately, will count in the examination in that subject as " Former Service." These marks are to be in no way influenced by his conduct, but are to represent his Commanding Officer's opinion of his efficiency as an officer in the actual performance of his practical duties. As it is impossible for the Commanding OiKcer to have personal knowledge of each officer's proficiency in all subjects, he is to take to his assistance in assessing the marks the officers responsible for each instruction, viz. : — the Executive, Navigating, Gunnery, Torpedo and Engineer Officers. 12. In Navigation Midshipmen will be required to put in practice what they have been already taught. When the ship is at sea Midshipmen not doing duty in the engine room will take daily observations, work the reckoning and fix the position of the ship. The sights are to be worked out in a book, which is to be inspected weekly by the Captain, and handed in to the Board of l^xaminers in Navigation and Pilotage when passing for the rank of Liemenant. 13. On completing 12 months' service at sea, each Midshij)man will send in a book containing one complete set of the observations specified in Clause 14. These obser- vations are to be revised iii red ink and initialled by the Navigating Officer as having been taken and worked by the -Junior Officer. One month before his examination in Seamanship lor the rank of Lieutenant, each Midshipman will send in a second book containing two complete sets of the specified observations {see Clause 14) similarly certified. On both occasions the books containing the worked observations will be forwarded for inspection to the Director of Naval Education, Royal Naval College, Greenwich, together with Form S. 431a, revised in accordance with Clause 11, showing the observations completed bv' each junior officer, certified by the Navigating Officer. No marks will be assigned in respect of these observations, Init in the event of the observations being found to be incorrect or incomplete, the officer will be required to complete them before promotion to the rank of Lieutenant. 1:28 coMMiWEt ON EDucATioir; 14. List of Observations. — (I.) 'I'o find the ship's position, by drawing position hnes, from — (a) Two altitudes of the sun, one being on the meridian : {h) Two altitudes of the sun, one being near the meridian : (c) Two altitvides of the sun, neither being on or near the meridian : (d) One altitude of the sun and one of another celestial body, neither being on the meridian : ((•) Two altitudes of celestial bodies other than the sun (preferably taken during twilight) at approximately the same time, neither being on the meridian : (/) An altitude of any celestial body and a bearing of a terrestrial object. N.B. — Of the above observations, (h), (c) and (c) are to be worked out in two ways, the ship's place being fixed (i) by drawing position lines and also (iij by the use of tables, witiiout drawing the lines. (IT.) To find the ei-ror of chronometer from two sets of absolute altitudes of the sun taken about the same bearing east and west, or from absolute altitiides of stars east and west. 15. When necessary the Captain may tell oft' another officer to assist the Navigating Officer in seeing that the ^lidshipmen carry out Clauses 12, 13 and 14. 16. Xarlgation and Pilotage.— The sub-section taking Navigation and Pilotage duties will follow the orders given below : — (I.) They should compile a note book, from lectures given them by the Navigating Officer, and from the handliook of Pilotage. They should be encouraged to write these notes in their own words, after liiiving attended a lecture or read up a subject in the Handbook. (II.) In addition to comj)iling a note-book, they shotdd — ((() Be present when chronometers are being wound and compared, and should themselves occasionally carry out this dut.v, under the direct sTiperA'ision of the Navigating Officer : {!)) Oljserve the method of correcting charts and sailing directions, and assist the Navigating Officer in getting out charts for correction and restoring them when corrected, in ordei- to become familiar with the metlu)d of indexing : (c) Obtain daily (both in harbour and at sea) deviations of the compass, plotting the results on a cui've, so as to deduce the deviations on points on which observations could not Ije obtained : (d) Be capable of stripping soimding machines and patent logs for exami- nation and oiling, &c., and be instructed and practised in the adjustment of the sextant : (e) Accompany the Navigating Officer when taking observations for en-or of chronometer ; taking their own sights, and compai'ing the results with his : (/) Be given to work out each day in harbour (if j^ossible) a set of obser- vations for ascertaining the ship's position, plotting tlieir residts on a chart, these observations being selected from those actually taken by the Navigating OfHcei" and recorded in his work book. .4/ Sea. (III.) They should keep the ship's reckoning on a separate chart, take sights at the same time as the Navigating Officer, constantly fix the ship's position by cross bearings when in sight of land, and carry out all the ordinary iluties of navigation. The Navigating Officer should examine this chart, and compare it witli his own. In going in and out of harbour, they should if possible, work on a separate large scale plan or chart, laying down their own courses, taking bearings and noting leading marks, &.C., so as to acquire practical expei'ience in the methods of pilotage. (IV.) They should be instructed in the method of taking soundings, after which they should take charge of the sounding party in turn, reporting the soimdings to the Navigating (Officer. 17. Gunnery. — The sub-section taking Gunnery duties will follow the orders given beloAv : — They should make themselves acquainted with the General Orders issued by the Gunnerv Officer. E\cu)t;riir:s. 129 Tlipy should be so trained that they can he .i^raduany hi-oiight to assist llif (iiinnery Officer iu his work and be given some rcsponsibiUty in the Departnicni. They shoukl keep note books in which are to be entered rongli sketclies, descriptions ol parts of gun machinery, repairs, &c., or other work being done in the (ximnery Department. They should, when sufficiently experienced, assist the Gunnery Officer in siuh duties as : — (I.) Training gunlayers, sightsetters and other special nuuii)ers, instructing • Dnmaresq and clock operators, <^c. ; (II.) Testing and adjusting sights ; (III.) Preparing to fire service, sub-calibre, and aiming tube ammunition ; (IV.j Adjusting breech mechanisms and firing gear ; (V.^ Using, testing, and adjusting the Hangefinder. They should make themselves thoroughly acquainted v.dth the main hydraulit' machinery of the turrets and look out for defects, snch as leaks, &c., in the machinery and pipe service. They should learn thorouglily the lire control organisation of their ships. They should keep in touch with and assist the (luunery Officer in all the work of liis L)epartment. Lectures on Gunnery will be given as necessary hx the (iunuery (jfficer. 18. Toipedo. — The sub-section taking torpedo duties will follow the orders given below : — They should make themselves acquainted with the general orders issued by the Torpedo Officer. They should enter in their Note Books rough sketches, descriptions of repairs, &c., carried out in the Torpedo Officer's Department. They should be so trained that they can be gradually brought to assist the Torpedo Officer in his work and be given some responsibihty in the Department. Whilst employed on Torpedo Work. (I.) They should part, test, adjust and assist in running torpedoes, and when sufficiently experienced, they should be held responsible by the Torpedo Officer for the care and maintenance of torpedoes and tubes. (II.) They should test gyroscopes. Whilst employed on Electrical Work. When sufficiently experienced they should be made responsible by the Torpedo Officer for : — (I.) The running, including running in parallel, of dynamos ; (II.) The running of motors ; (III.) Locating and repairing faults in all circuits. They should be present when the searchlights are burning and should be trained in their use and adjustment. They should start any important electrical machines required, and from time to time visit the motors iu use and see that they are running properly. They should assist the Torpedo Officer in controlling the men employed in his department, watch the progress of work and carry out any examinations or work required of them. They should work the lioat hoist and capstan, if electrical, whenever possible. Lectures on Torpedo and Electrical work will be given as necessaiy by the Torpedo Officer. 19. Evginrerinfj. — The section taking Engineering duties will follow the orders given below : — ((/) They will be regarded as members of the Engine Room Staff for the time being. and are not to be required to undertake extraneous (hitios. (b) Their training will consist chiefly in taking part in the daily engineering work of the ship under the supervision of the l^ngineer Officers, who are to arrange for supplementing this routine by such lectures »B may be necessity. . i 130 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION : (c) Before joining the Fleet Midshipmen will have been instructed in most of the principles that are involved, as well as in the use of tools and the handling of engines. (d) Each officer will keep an Engineering Note Book with descriptions and detailed sketches of parts of machinery, and with accounts of any repairs he may witness together with the reasons for the repair. This book will be periodicaDy signed and dated by the Engineer Officer and will be examined and valued by the Board of Examination when passing for the rank of Lieutenant. • {c) During the time he is attached to the engine room he should make sufficient acquaintance with the accounts kept of the receipt and expenditure of stores, and with the engine room register and defect Lists, in order that he may obtain an insight into the business management of the department. (/) The Engineer Captain of each Fleet or Squadron will nmke himself acquainted generally with the engineering instruction given to officers on board the several ships by visits to those ships, and he will Ijp responsible for recommendations on the subject to the Conmiander-in-Chief or Flag Officer in Command. At Sea. (g) They will keep regular watch (with commissioned officers if possible), preferablj- in three watches, so that they may always work with their own watch of stokers. But during their first year Midshipmen keeping engineering watches will be excused from duty between the hours of 10 p.m. and 5 a.m. (h) They should begin by taking part in the routine, blowing down boilers, taking densities, making entries in the Engine Room register, handling engines, taking indicator diagrams,' to be worked out when off watch, and looking after bearings, evaporators and auxiliary machinery. They should then do the duties of Stoker Petty Officer of the stokehold and of the engine room, and when efficient in these duties take charge of an engine room and finally of all boiler rooms. The fact that he has performed these duties is to be certified on the certihcate in Form E. 190 revised. In Harbour. {i) They will be detailed separately, or in groups of two as may be convenient, for the following duties i — . (I.) Senior Engineer's Assistant. (II.) Boilers. (111.) Outside machinery. (IV.) Double bottoms. (V.) Boats. Two of these duties may be combined in ease the number of Midshipmen is insufficient to provide one for each. (j) They will also take turns as Midshipman of the day to assist the Engineer Othcer of the day. About three weeks should be spent on each duty, not more than three duties being attempted in a two-monthly period. During the Midshipman's time in each department he will be expected to acquire a good knowledge of it, learning where spare gear is kept, when tests are due and so forth. He should supervise the hands, attend to the cleanliness of the department, see valves worked and engines started and running, take notes of the work going on, and make sketches of pipe leads and details of machinery. The Midshipman of the boats should make frequent trips in the boats' engine rooms and stokeholds, report defects and see them made good. (k) When working as Senior Engineer's Assistant he is to have an opportunity of obtaining insight into the adjustment of main and auxiliary engines, and the executive duties and organisation of the tlepartment. He will write iip the register and help in arranging the work of the hands. ENCLOSURES. 13] (l) Tlie Midshipman of tlie Day will assist tho Engineer OflBcer of tlio Day in all 01-1 Unary routine work, divisions, quarters, night rounds, &c. He should take charge of all minor operations such as starting, cleaning, and working evaporators, renewing filter cartridge's, and linding leaks. (m) It is not expected that ^liiisliipmcu can at once undertake the supervision of Engine Room Artificers' work, but they should have as much opportunity as possible of gaining insight into it, so that with further sea (experience they will be fitted to (h'roct ordinaiy repair operations. (u) During General Quarters, Vive and Collision Quailers, &c., care is to be taken to instruct the Mids]ii])nien in the duties of Engineer Oflicers on those occasions. (o) In case the ship does not spend enough time at sea to make all Midshipmen well acquainted with Engine Room watchkeeping without kci'])ing the nigiit watches, these may be kept. Koi- the same reason it may be desii-able to give Midshipmen a certain amount of auxiliary watchkeeping in harbour by making each in turn keep the morning (auxiliary) harbour watch, and in such cases they should be given comph^te charge as soon as possible. (p) i[idshii)«ien should be enabled to take advantage of such opportunities as present themselves of seeing engineering operations in the Dockyards. iq) Such lectures in Engineering and HuU and Fittings as are necessary will be given by an Engineer Officer specially detailed by the Engineer Commander for this duty. (?■) A specimen set of orders for the routine of Midshipmen's work in the Engine Room Department, which has been found to work satisfactorily, is attached for the general guidance of the Engineer Officer. Sub-Enclosure in Enclosure No. 18, in Report of Education Committee, dated 13 September 191l\ Special Orders for Junior Officers. Engineering. The Midshipmen are to be divided as foUows : — One for the boiler rooms ; ,, „ double ijottoms ; ,, ail auxiliary machinery outside the engine room and stokeholds ; ,, the general duties with the Senior Engineer Lieutenant ; ,, the boats. The Midshipmen are to be under the orders of the Engineer Officers of the depart- ments to which they belong. In cases where there are more than five ^lidshipmen, two should be detailed for the more important ibities. The Midsliipmen will be told off for stations at General, Fire, and Collision Quarters, and will assist the Engineer Officers at Divisions and Evening Quarters. Each Midshipman will be told off for a steaming watch of Stokers, and he is to learn the names of the men in his watch as early as possible. He is to assist the Officer of his division in mustering bags and hammocks. The Midshipmen are to make themselves accpiainted uitii the general orders issued by the Engineer Commandei- and the Senior I-'.ngineer Lieutenant. The Midshipmen are to keep an engineering note-book for sketches of h-ads of piping and engine details, descriptions of parts of machiiuu-y, repairs, adjustments, or other work being done. This note-book will be periodically initialled l)y the Engineer Officer, and will finally be examined and valued by the Engineering Examination Board for the rank of Lieutenant. In Harbour.— The Midshipmen will take day's duty iu turn, with the exception of the one with the Senior Engineer Lieutenant. The ordinary working hours are from 7.3U a.m. to 1.0 p.m., but Midshipmen are to understand that they are available for duty at any time they are on board. 132 (-(iMMITTEE OV EDUCATION I When lie is employed in the engine room department each Midshipman is to make one roucdi sketch, or (iescripl ion of work t)r machinery every day, and this is to be brouiilit to tlie olHce liy 9 a.m. on the following morning for inspection Ijy the Engineer Officer doing clerical duties. At .Serf.— The Midshipmen will work in three watches with their own steaming watch, except as laid down in para. 19 (;y) of the " Regulations for the Training of Junior Otficers." When entering or leaving harbour, lighting up, and sinnlar work, the watch is to be kept. When on watch, the jimior ^lidshipmen are to assist the Engineer Officer in all his duties ; see that every man is doing his woi-k properly ; feel bearings ; see lubi'icatiug lioxes are supplied with the corj-ect oil ; see circulators, con- densers, &c. are in proper working condition; take densities; check revolutions; and start any auxiliary engines required. From time to time they are to work the engines, keep the revolutions, write up the register, take diagrams, and make o-()od any leaks. In the boiler rooms they are to see the firing correctly carried out, and the tires cleaned at the correct times ; check the water level, and blow through glasses ; and measure the reserve feed water tanks and record tempera- tures for the register. From time to time they are to take the densities of, and blow down the boilers, &c. The senior Midshipmen are to be placed in charge of a portion of the watch as soon as they are capable, starting with one engine-room. When off watch, the engineering note-book is to be kept up, diagrams worked out, and evolutions and quarters with the stokers are to he attended. The ^lidshipman of the afternoon watch is to Avrite up the E.R.A.'s work book, unless he is employed below. Midshipman of the Day.— The ^[idshipman of the day is to regard himself as entirely responsible (under the Engineer OiHcer of the day) for the proper performance of the auxiliary watchkeeping day and night, and all orders relative to this work will pass through him. lie is to see that the routine of cleaning fires, tubes, lilters, I'tc, is carried out. He is to put steam on important auxiliary engines which require to be started, and in the case of those outside the engine room he is to do this in conjunction with the ^Midshipman of that part of the ship. At all times he is to be on the look out for defects arising in the engines or boilers in use (such as a drop in steam pressure, loss of water, leaky glands, Arc.) and he is to take immediate steps to remedy them, reporting to the Engineer Officer of the day if he is imable to cope with them himself. He is to take the densities of the auxiliary boilers and evaporators, and to test the feed water and the water made by the eva])orators, between G.O a.u). and 7.30 a.m., and is to report the result to the Engineer Officer of the day. He is to regard the proper carrying (Jut ol' the auxiliary watch as his principal duty, and if on accoimt of it he is unable to attend to his duties in connection with the E.R.A.'s or hands, he is to call on the Midshipmen with the senior Engineer Lieutenant to carry them out. \^'llenever the hands commence work the JMidshipnian of the day is to ascertain from the different Petty Officers of the sevei'al departments whether all the men are present, and is to report to the Engineer Officer of the day. For the remainder of the ordinary working hours he is to assist the Engineer Officer of his own department, but he is to be ready to carry oat any duties in connection with the auxiliary watch at all times. He is to take c-harge of any hands employed on general work, such as rigging- coaling shutes, and of all hands from 6.0 a.m. to 7.30 a.m.. and -he is to be present in the machinery department between those times unless required for dutj* elsewhere. He is to write up (under the superintendence of the Engineer Officer of the day) the work book of the E.R.A.'s and Mechanicians, &c. He is to inspect the engine and boiler rooms and also the dj-namo rooms once between the hours of 5.0 p.m. and 7.0 p.m., and is to report any ii-regadarity that he may notice to the Engineer Officer of the day. He is to go night rounds with the Engineer Officer of the (.lay, and is to assist the Engineer Officer of the day in making out tlie rounds report for the Engineer Oonmiander. Tlie Midshipman loiti I the Senior Emjiitecr Lieutenant is to assist this Officer in I controlling the wcrk of the department, and in arranging the work of the E.R.A.'s and luuuls. KNCI.0RUHE8. 1 •">.') W'liili" with ihe Senior Kugiui'i'i- i^ieiitenanl. he i« tu copy oiiL ;i watch ami statiuii hill, and he is to assist in inakiu,£; out the lists for steaming, coaling, Sec. lie is to insj5eet tlie whole of the controlling and teh^graph sluii'ting hel'ore going to sea. He is to assist the Artiticer Kiigineer to connect up the steering gear, seeing himself that all clutclies are properly connected; he is to report to the Kngiueer Commander when the gear is ready for trying, and to attend the Engineer Connnauder while it is being done. Midshipmen of Departments, in i-onjunetion with the Mid>lii|]nian of the day the Midshipman of each department is to start auy important auxiliary engine required in it, other than those used in the ordinary routine of the shi]), and, when working properly, turn the engine over to a responsible mau. i'Vum time to time he is to visit the engines in use, occasionally taking charge oF them In sec that they ari' working correctly. Ide is to assist the Engineer ( )flicer of the dc])arlnii'nl in CDiilrdUing the men employed in it, to watch the progress of tiu' work, and is to carry out any e.xamiuations or work required ol' him. ?Ie is to acquire all possible information of the leads of pipes and details of machinery ia the department and is to make sketches of them. Unless employed elsewhere he is to see the E.R.A's in his department started on their work, and is to report them correct or otherwise to the Senior Engineer Lieutenant. On turning to after breakfast or lunch (unless acting as ^Midshipman of the day) each Midshipman is to Hnd out from the Officer of his department whether lie is required for any purpose, and if not, he is to make notes or sketches as ordered. On occasion the Midshipmen will be required to assist in the work of departments other than that to ■which they belong. The Midshipman of the boats is to make a trip in each boat running at least once in two days. He is to work the boat hoist, if hydraulic powei-, whenever possible. When entering or leaving harbour he is to put steam on the capstan engine, and is to stand by it while it is being worked. If on watch at the time, he is to arrange to be relieved. The I\Iidsliipman of the double bottoms is to spend most of his time getting a knowledge of and sketching the pumping, flooding, and ventilating arrangements and the construction of the ship. Enclosure No. 19 in Third iicport of Education Comniitlce, dated 13 Septcrnher 1912. Al'l'OINTMKXT OF MiDSHIPMKX. ( 'ircular Letter . No. 37. C.W. 15486/1911. Admiralty, S.W., (ith December 1911. My Lords Conuuissioners of the Admiralty have had under review the system of appointment of Midshipmen laid down in Circular Letter Xo. 25 of 10th May 1910. •■■ Experience has shown that the transfer of ^lidshipmen fiT)ni one ship to another at the end of their first and second years' training, together with the normal changes of ship due to recommissioning, refit, &c., have resulted in the yoimg Officers serving for so short a period in any one ship that their value as an integral part of the ship's complement and their training afloat are apt to be seriously prejudiced. Accordingly, My Lords will endeavour to arrange for the Midsliipmen to remain in the ships to which they are appointed until the end of the commission, or until tiiey are due for examination for the rank of ijeutenant. Midshipmen will be appointed to such ships as are allowed Midshiximen by com- plement, so far as the numbers permit, and all appointments wiU be made by tlie Admiralty. The procedure whereby ajipointraents to "B" ships are made ]\v Commanders-in-Chief will be discontinued. My Lords consider it desirable that Midshipmen should continue to be lent to the smaller Cruisers or Destroyers in small numbers and for short periods, and Con)manders-in-Chief are authorised to make * Art. 293a of tlie Kill^5'^^ IJc-rnlnlioiis ainl .\(liiiiralty Instructions 1<)I)<) (\>actorof Navid Ivlueation, Roj^al Naval College, (Ireenwieh, with the l(\ist jjossible delay, iniinedial el v the exaniiuatioii is over. Form S. 395 is to he filled in and Inrwardcd separately not later than the first day ol the examination 0. Shoidd any eniergeney arise, such i-s "stress ol' weather," so as to inleri'ere with the authorised days, the examination is to be held as soon after as eireunistances l^ermit, and the Captain or the Senior Ollicer pi-cscnt is to report the full circuinstances of the ease for the information of the Admiralty. 10. Should the result of an Officer's yearly examinaliou he unsatisfactory, Jie will be liable to the loss of one month's time. Extrarl from A,hiiir,ilhi Wei'kli/ Onlrrs, 111] I. 241. -AnNIAL EXVMIXAIION- OF JuNIOl! Ol- l'l(,'l':i!.S All.OAT. (C.W. 12305.— 4.8.1911.) With reference to Article 294A of the King's liegulations and Admiralty Instructions, it has been decided, in view of the fact that the annual examination alloat now deals exclusively with professional subjects, that papers shall not in future be sent out from the Admiralty, but that the examination shall be conducted locally. The Commanders-in-Chief of the Fleets carrying Midshipmen are therefore to detail Officers to carry out the examination, and are to make all necessary arrange- ments, reporting the results to the Admiralty. The dates, subjects and general scope of the examination are to remain as under the existing regulations. Enclof:nrc No. 21 i)i Third RepnrI of Education Committee, dated 13 Sevtemhcr 1912. Courses to be Taken Priou x" Passing for the Rank of T,ieutenant. In the year 1902. Subsequent to lUOC). Royal Naval College, Greenwich — Royal Naval College, Greenwich- Part I. 2 months. ■ Part II. six months only for those Part II. 3 months. Officers who do well in Part 1. (No course for Part I.) Portsmouth— Portsmouth- Gunnery 13 weeks. Gunnery 12 weeks. Torpedo 5 „ Torpedo (i Greenwich — ■ Pilotao-e „ Pilotage G 'o^ Enddsure No. 22 in Third Report of Ediu-atlon Connnittee, dated 13 September 1912. Examinations foi; the Rank oi- lji;tTKNANr (New Scheme). (Circular Letter, No. ol, of 1st May 1908.) C.W. .3010. Admiralty, March I'.MI. My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have approved of the following arrangements in connection with the forthcoming examinations for the rank of Lieutenant under the new scheme. The examination will commence on IMoudaj, loth .May, and the written portion will be held in the gynniasium of the Navigation School, Portsmouth, in which establishment the Midshipmen will be accommodated. K 2 130 committee on educatihn : Programme of Written- Examination. to 12. 1.30 to 4.30. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday - ^Navigation i. „ . in. - Seamanship I. - Gunnery I. - Torpedo I. - Engineering I. Oral ExAiiiNATiox. Navigation II. „ . IV. Seamanship 11. Gunnery 11. Torpedo 11. Engineering 11. The oral part will commence on Monday, 22nd May. For this portion of the examination the Midshipmen will be divided into live groups, and the examination ■will proceed as shown in the following table : — Scaniaiislii|i. Navigation. . CiuiiiK-ry. Toi-|ie 1 2 3 Tliiiisdiiv - - - 3 4 .-) 1 2 Friday _ . - 2 3 4 .'. 1 The oral examinations in Gunnery and Tor^Dedo will be held at Whale Island and on board H.jM.S. " Vernon," respectively. The oral examination in Seamanship will be held as may be arranged by the Commander-in-Chief at Portsmouth. At the conclusion of the oral examinations the iMidshipmen will go on leave. Voluntary Part. This part of the examination will begin on the 5th June. In the absence of notice to the contrary Midshipmen who wish to take voluntary subjects will return to the Navigation School in time to sit for their papers. In the present instance the examination in these subjects commences at 9 a.m. on i\londay, the 5th of June. The voluntary part consists of written papers only, except that candidates for the Ryder Prize will be examined orally in French, and candidates in Naval History maj- have an oral examination on the essays thej' have sul^mitted. Monday Tuesday Programme of Voluntary Part. y to 12. - Practical i\Iathematics. - Mechanics and Heat. Wednesday Thursday 1.30 to -t.30. French. Oral French and Oral Naval History. Do. - Electricity. - Other Foreign Languages. • A list of the Midshipmen due to attend the examinations for the rank of Lieutenant, commencing on 15th May, is attached. While undergoing the examinations they will be borne on the books of 11. M.S. " Dryad." By Command of their liordships, C. I. Thomas. Enclosure No. 23 in Third RepoH of Education Committee, dated 13 Septemher 1912. Extracts from Admiralty Weekly Orders, 1911. 246. — Examination for Rank of Lieutenant. (C.W. 12,263.-4.8.1911.) The following arrangements have been approved in regard to the examination for the rank oP Lieutenant to be held in September next. ENCLOSURES. 1.']/ The compulsory part will be held Ironi tlie 1 8th to the 29th September, and the voluntary part from the ord to the 6th October, all inclusive. The examination in Navigation will be according to the following syllabus, and will be reduced to one day. As this will save a day's time in the written part of tlie compulsory examination, the Wednesday and Saturday afternoons will be left free. A revised syllabus in Engineering is given below. Revised syllabuses of the Gunnery and Torpedo examinations will be issued in due course. All Midshipmen may enter for the voluntary part, but attention is called to the regulation that Officers who do so must take up two subjects, and not more than three. Time-tables of the e.vamination are being printed, and will be issued in due course. Subjects of Examination for tue Ranic of Lieutenant. II. — ^.Navigatiok and Pilotage. Text-books. 1. Modern Navigation, by Rev. W. Hall, R.N. 2. Handbook of Pilotage. (Every Midshipman is expected to provide himself with a copy of this Handbook, which may be obtained from the Paymaster of the ship in which he ij serving. Price 2s.) Note. — -These books indicate the amount of each subject the candidates are expected to know, but much useful information can be obtained from other books aud also irom the Admiralty publications. Section I. Reckoning and Ohset'vations. ( Working out the dead reckoning of a ship One Paper. Fixing a ship's ^Josition by plotting position lines Fixing a ship's position from two observations without plotting, using traverse and other tables - - - - - } Error of chronometer from two sets of absolute altitudes of the sun taken about the same bearing east and west, or from absolute altitudes of stars east and west - - - 300 marks. Section II. (a) Theoretical Navigation and Nautical Astrono)nij. (b) Tides. (c) Compasses. ( (a) Navigation and Nautical Astronomy. — 140 marks. 'i Explanation of terms in ordinary use, the earth being regarded as a sphere- ____--- Plane, parallel, and middle latitude sailing . - _ Construction of Mercator's chart and table of meridional parts. Mercator's sailing __---. General principles of the construction of great circle and ptjlar charts -------- Great circle and composite sailing _ . - - Plotting approximate great circle and comijosite tracks on a Mercator's chart ------ Theory and use of the sextant, vernier, artilicial horizon, and station pointer ------- The projection of a sphere on the planes of the horizon and of the equator ------- Meaning and use of the acceleration table - . . Calculating time of meridian passage of a body - - - Finding what bodies pass the meridian Ijetween two given times and which are suitable for observation - - - - K 3 138 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION Que paper. Explanation without proofs of effects of dip, refraction and parallax on observations of altitude - - - - Approximate times of rising and setting of the sun and moon Calculation of the zenith distance of a heavenly body Finding the true bearing of a heavenly body, having given the time or the altitude of the body _ _ _ - ■^ Knowledge of how to use azimuth tables - - - - Methods of obtaining the compass deviation . - - Latitude by meridian altitude, or altitude of J^ole Star Explanation of how to iind a position line from the altitude of a heavenly body and the G.M.T. _ - - - The uses of a single position line. The choice of bodies for fixing by a cut -------- Choice of celestial bodies for tinding error of chronometer Examples connected with error and rate of chronometer, other than those in Section I. Note to (h) Tides and (c) Compasses — The questions in this paper will be limited to those which can be more conveniently dealt with on paper than by oral exami- nation. Further questions on both subjects may be expected in the oral examination - - - (b) Tides.— 2^ marks. Elementary explanation of the causes of tlie tides and of the phases of the moon ------ Calculation of times of high and low water at a given place by means of approximate rules - - - - - Calculation of the depth of water at a certain place for any state of the tide (a) by means of tables (b)- by means of harmonic motion diagram _ _ _ - - (c) Compasses. — 35 marks. Terrestrial magnetism and the laws of induction . - - The magnetism of ships and its liability to change Semicircular, quadi-antal and heeling error ; and the principles of the mechanical correction - - - - - To adjust a ship for B, C, D - To swing ship and analyse the deviation table, finding the < approximate co-efficients - - - - -J 2U0 marks. Section III. Oral Fart. Management and care of chronometers, stowage and sale^ distances from electrical appliances. To compare and take times accurately. The value of the several methods of rating' chronometers, and the means adopted for the elimination of errors ------- General knowledge of the principal prevailing winds and currents of the globe, and of the principal routes adopted in making passages. The laws of revolving storms A more detailed knowledge of the winds and currents prevalent on the stations on which each Midshipman has served Knowledge of duties of Navigating Officer, vide " King's Regulations," and " Notes bearing on the Navigation of " H.M. Ships " - - - - - _ - Practical use of charts and sailing directions, and of the various books, tables, &c., supplied with the chart boxes. Fixing positions by all methods, including the station pointer. Shaping courses and allowing for tides and currents Principles of navigation in pilotage waters, use of leading marks, clearing marks, danger angles, and of lines of bearing to avoid dangers. To anchor a vessel in a -pre-arranged { 500 marks. ENCLOSURES. 139 position ou a chart. Precautions wlien navigating in a i'og, and method of utilising soundings - ". . . General systems of lighting, buoyage, and fog-signals in u.se on the coast of the British Islands - - . . Practical use and nianagement of meteorological instruments, sounding machines, patent logs, and other navigating appliances, and the practical adjustment of the sextant Knowledge of tidal laws. Practical use of Admiralty tide tables and tidal atlases. Definitions and explanations of terms used in connection with tides - - - _• The mooring board and the Battenberg indicator Making an amendment to a chart - - - . Knowledge of the characteristics and the management of the various compasses and their appliances as supplied to H.M. Ships. The practical correction of a compass Further questions on Section II. (c; - Total 1,000 V. — Engineering. The examination will be mainly ou the subjects named be-low, but will also include a few questions on the general theoretical principles of marine engineering which the officers have studied during their training as Cadets, such as the most elementary thermodynamics of heat engines, the laws of gases, the physical properties of steam, combustion, the use of the indicator, the nature of the resistance to propulsion, and the relation of power to speed in ships. Main Engines. —Modern forms of direct-acting propelling engines, functions of each part and details of the construction of the important pieces, such as cylinders, pistons, slide-valves, link-motions, important bearings and glands, condensers, air- pxnnps, framing, adjustments for moving parts. Turbines. — Parsons type ; function of parts ; details of construction of the important parts, such as rotors, stators or casings, blading, glands, thrust blocks, diunmy pistons, couplings ; average clearances allowed ; general arrangements in ships ; advantages and disadvantages over the direct-acting engine. Internal Comhastion Engines. — Functions of parts and details of parts peculiar to the engine, such as vapourisers, governing gear, igniters, oil-supply pumps, air and exhaust valves, starting arrangements ; advantages and disadvantages over steam engines. Boilers. — Details of construction of the parts under pressure, casings and supports of cylindrical, Belleville, Babcock and Wilcox, and Yarrow large tidje boilers ; and Thornycroft, Yarrow^ White Forster, Norniand small tube boilers. Details of important boiler mountings, such as stop valves, safety valves, gauge glasses, feed regulators. General Arrangements of main and auxiliary steam and exhaust leads of pipes and valves feed system, including evaporators aiad distillers with the drinking water con- nections ; details of construction of main and auxiliary feed pumps, evaporators, fire and bilge pumps, blowing engines, fans and all auxiliary engines in engine and boiler rooms. Aiixiliary Machinery. — Plydraulic installation ; general arrangement of pipes and valves for distributing power ; detail of the pump and engine ; governing devices ; details of pipe jointing. Refrigerating Plant. — Types used ; elementary principles of action. Principal details of dry air, carbonic acid and ammonia refrigerating machinery. Brine circulation. Arrangements for cooling magazines. Electric installation. — Types of engine used ; detail of governor to provide i'oi- searchlight practice ; use of oil engines ; advantage over steam engines ; details of parts peculiar to engine. Air Compressing Plant. — Types of air compressors used and details of pumps; details of packing, air-cooling and lubrication ; general arrangement of air leads and details of separator columns and storage reservoirs ; pipe jointings. K 4 14() COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION : Capstan Gear. — Type of eugine ; general arrangement of the plant ; detail of differential valve, hauling and veering clutches ; cable holders. Steering Clear. — General arrangement of plant from rudder head to engine ; detail of differential valve and hunting gear. Miscellaneous. — A detail knowledge of engine-room telegraphs ; centering devices ; steering engine and telegraph control shafting ; means of changing position of control ; detail of lubricating arrangements for all engines ; coaling gear ; trans- porters ; oil fuel burning antl conditions required for good stoking. Ship Gdnstruction. — Materials used in construction, and where used ; tests of materials ; comparison of a ship to a loaded beam ; metacentric height ; angle of heel and trim due to change of distribution of weight ; stability ; tons per inch immersion ; general knowledge (not detail dimensions) of the construction of the plating of hidl ; beams, longitudinal and transverse fi-aming ; watertight divisions of ships and means of access, doors and hatches ; armour position and attachment ; protective decks ; engine and boiler bearers and staying ; stem, stern and A frames ; stern tidje fittings ; coal bunker arrangements and coaling fittings, pumping, flooding, and drainage arrangements of the hull generally ; ventilation systems. Steering arrangements ; types of rudders. 258. — Examination for Rank of Lieutenant. (C.W.— 18.8.1911.) Wiui reference to Weekly Order No. 240 of the 4th instant, the syllabus in Torpedo at the forthcoming examination of Midshipmen for the rank of Lieutenant will be as follows : — IV. — Torpedo. The examination will aiin at finding out the knowledge of the young Oflficer witli regard to the care and preparation of Torpedo weapons on board ship in peace time and their use in War, together with a practical knowledge of electricity and the electrical appliances in use in the Service. They should not be required to commit to memory detailed sketches or tables of weights and dimensions. The questions on Current and Power should consist of those the Officers would be likely to need and come across at sea as a Lieutenant. A. — Whitehead. (1) The utility and powers of a torpedo ; where and when it is likely to lie used. (2) The general description of the principal parts including the gyroscope, servomotors, and fittings in any type of ship in which the Officer has served. {})) The care and maintenance of torpedoes. (4) The existing methods of carrying out Fleet Torpedo practice. (5) The tests made before running. (6) The preparation of torpedoes for use in action from a ship or a torpedo craft. (7) The director ; its description and use. (8) The j)istol and net cutter; how fitted, tested, anil stowed. (9) The general description of submerged and above water torpedo tubes and their fittings. Angles of training in vessels served in. (10) Air pumps and air service. (1 1) Duties of numbers and drill at the tubes and dropping gear without detail. B. — Mining. (1) Methods of offensive mining. (2) The spherical mine and its fittings (general but not a detailed knowledge). (3) Methods of clearing a mine field. (4) Explosives, with general knowledge of those in use in the Service, their stowage and testing. (5) DemoHtion of booms, wrecks, and buildings. C. — Practical Electricity and Electrical Appliances. (1) Cells and batteries commonly used in the Sen-ice, their action and characteristics ; general principles of the electric circuit, ENCLOSURES. I 11 (2) Elementary theoi-y of dynamos and motors and general principles ol' lli(;ir construction. Types of dynamos and motors with which they arc ac((naint cd. (3) General description of motor controllers and starters. (4) Care and maintenance of electric macliines and simple tests of the same. (5) The use of switclihoards and instruments. Distribution of electiic ])(nvi'r in ships. (G) Systems of electric lighting. Testing for faidts. (7) Searchlights. Principle of the anlomatic searchlight lanip and how 1o use it practically. Control of searchlights. (8) Arc lights. General description of lamps supplied. (9) Telephones and electric bells. (10) Gun circuits and night sights. (11) Elementary notions of Wireless Telegraphy. Sending and receiving apparatus. 270. — Examination fok Rank of Lieutenant. (C.W.— 1.9.1911.) With reference to Weekly Order No. 24G of the 4th August 1911, the Syllabus in Gunnery at the forthcoming examinations for the rank nf T.ieutenaiil will be; as follow^s : — m. Gimvery. This examination, except where otherwise specified, is to include only the guns and machinery of the ships in which the Officer has served. Special regard is to be paid to making it a test of an Officer's fitness to take charge of guns and men, and anything in the nature of the committal to memory of detailed drawings or tables of figures is to be avoided. I. Stripping. — To be able to strip, assemble, and adjust all the parts of one selected hand-worked gun and mounting. To be able to describe the method of stripping and examining all th(> princi]xil machinery of a 12" turret, the probable causes of breakdowns and the remedies. A thorough knowledge of leads and contacts of gun circuits and tests for the same. Also the safety arrangements of guns. A good knowdedge of the sighting arrangements, and the method of altering the sight dials when necessary. Gun Drill. — To perform the duties of any number ; to drill and insti-uct a gun's crew at a gun of any type carried in the ships in which he has served. Tun-et Gun Drill. — To perform the duties of any number ; to drill and instruct a turret crew ; to answer questions on the machinery and fitting. Ammunition. Projectiles. — Nature supplied to ship, stowage, method of lifting and traversing, driving bands. Fuzes. — Knowledge of dift'erent kinds of fuzes used, how fitted and stowage, ability to sketch, shell room ventilation, fiooding, draining, &c. Corditr. —Primers, heat test. Magaziue. — General arrangement, method of keeping temperature, lot nund)ers, order of using, &c. Einharhiug Ammvnition. — Methods used in shijis servetl in. Precautions to be taken. Field Training. — 'J'o be able to take charge of a company at drill ami firing exercise, and knowledge of how to take a company througli the range. Hydraulics.— A complete knowledge of one 12" mounting. To be able to descril)e all the hydraulic machinery of the selected turret. Organisation.- —To have a complete knowledge of all to do with — Internal organisation for war and battle. Organisation of fire contrcil by day. Organisation of night defence control. 142 COMMITTKE ON EDDCATION : Enclamre No. 24- in Third llcpmi of Education Committee, dated 13th September 1912. Examinations in Skamanship and Navigation for Rank of Lieutenant to be HELD Afloat. MiDSiiii'MEN to be rated Acting Sub-Lieutenants ou Passing. Circular Letter. No. 11. C W 8521 Admiralty, S.W., 30th April 1912. My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, having under their consideration the system o£ training Junior Officers, have approved provisionally, pending the issue of further instructions, of the regulations being modified so as to enable Midshipmen to attain the rank of Acting Sub-Lieutenant at an earlier age than at present, with a view to their employment on more responsible duties during the latter part of their training afloat. In accordance with this modification Midshipmen will be examined at sea in Seamanship and Navigation when they have completed two years and four months' seniority, and, on passing, they will be rated Acting Sub-Lieutenants. They will remain in the same ship, but, while continuing their training in the several special branches, will be given more responsibility, thus beginning earlier to qualify for the duties of a Lieutenant, Officer of the Watch, and (officer of Quarters and Divisions, &c. On completing three years at sea they will be examined at Portsmouth in the remaining four subjects of the examination for the rank of Lieutenant. Candidates who fail in either or both of the two subjects in the examinations afloat will be put back for four months, and will then be re-examined in the subject or subjects in which they failed. They will not become Acting Sub- Lieutenants until they have passed, but failure on the first occasion will not entail any other penalty except that those who obtain first or second class certificates at the second trial wiU not count marks for those certificates towards accelerated promotion. A second failure Avill render an Officer liable to discharge from the Service. A Midshipman who is put back will still present himself with his term four months later at Portsmouth for examination in other subjects. The certificates to be granted to Midshipmen on passing in Seamanship and Navigation are attached. A supply of these certificates will be issued in due course. The certificates are to be filled up in duplicate, one copy being handed to the Officer and the other forwarded to the Admiralty for purposes of record. With reference to Article 293A, clause 2-3, of the King's Regidations, .Addenda 1911, the second set of observations required is to be sent in one month before a Midshipman is due for examination at sea instead of after two years and six months' service as at present. The new arrangement will come into force for the first time in Septend^er next, when the Midshipmen of seniority January 1910 anfl May 1910 will be examined together. The Midshipmen of senioi'ity September 1909 will take the whole examination at Portsmouth under the existing conditions at the same time. The examinations in Seamanship and Navigation will be conducted l)y Boards of Examiners who are to be appointed in each Fleet by the Commander-in-Chief. The details of the arrangements to be made for each examination are given in the Appendix attached to this letter. My Lords particularly impress upon Conunanding Officers the importance of ensuring that, during the four mouths immediately jjreceding the examination afloat, Midshipmen are engaged in the training laid down for Branches I. and II. in clause 11 of Article 293 A of the King's Regulations and Admiralty Instruc- tions ; and that after the examination, when they become Acting Sub- ENCLOSURES. 143 Lieutenants, the routine oi' training is cunliuucd, tjeing so aclj listed that the training in Branch III. (Engineering) shall ncjt suiier through the above provision. By Coniniancl of Their Lordships, W. Graham Greene. To all Commanders-in-Chief, Captnins, Commanders and Comvianding Officers of H.M. Ships and Vessels at Home and Abroad. APPENDIX. Examinations in Seamansiiii' and Navigation fhi; nir. Kank df Lieutenant. N^avigalion {iiichidiny Pilo/af/c). The Hoard of Examiners in Navigation is to consist, in each Fled, of lhrO(' or more Officers who have speciahscd in Navigation, under tlie presidency of a Captain. The examination is to consist of two written papers and an oial ]iait. and is to coninieiice on tlie second Tuesday in January, May, and September, wlien the written papers will he taivcn, one in tin- morning and the other in the afternoon. The oral part is to follow tlie written part. The question papers will be set by the Commanding Officer of the Navigation .School, Portsmouth, who will send the questions under seal to the Director of Xaval Education for printing three months before the (hite of the examination. The printed question papers will be circulated to the Fleets from the Admiralty in sealed packages, which are to be opened in the presence of the candidates assembled for the written part of the examination. The written part of the examination is to lie carried out in a room on shore whenever this is practicable ; the Board of Examiners being held responsible for adequate supervision. A report is to bo furnished as to the place in which the examination has been held and the arrangements for supervision. The worked papers are lo be marked by the Examining Board, and sent to the Admiralty after marking. Marks to a total of 1,000 are to be assigned by the Board, including 500 for the written part of the examination. The distribution of marks is to agree generally with the existing schedule. The Board is to award classes on the basis of 750 for a First Class, 650 for a Second Class, and 450 for a Third Class. The marks and classes awarded arc to be reported to the Admiralty. Seama>is/ii/>. The Board of Examiners in Seamanshi]i is to consist, in each Fleet, of three or more Officer> not below the rank of Commander, of whom one at least shall be a Ca])tain. Tile Board is to carr}' out the whole exaiuiiKition. which will be entirely oral. The exaniiiuition i^ to take jdace concurrently with the oral examination in Navigation. JVIarks to the total of 1,000 arc to be assigned by the Board, including lOl) lor the Journal and 50 for former service ; the distriljution of marks to agree generally with the existing scdiedidc. The Board is to award classes on the basis of 850 marks for a First Class, 700 marks foi' a Second Class, and 600 marks for a Thu'd Class ; the marks and classes awarded being reported to the .\-dmiralty. Candidates who are declared by tlie respective Hoards to June passed in Navigation and in Seamanship will forthwith become Acting Sub-Lieutenants. Payment for marking the (lapers will be made at the rate of 1 ■<. 6rl. per candidate for each pajier. Certificate of Examiniitidii in Sriniiniis/ii/t for the Kank of LicuteiKiiit. This is to certify that Mr. , Midshipman, on presenlinu' himself for examination in Seamanship, has produced the prescribed qualifying certificates, namely : — (1) Certificate of Qualification in Handling Boats and in Sigiuils. (2) Certificate showing that he has completed the prescribed lists of Observations. Having been examined by this Board he is declared to have qualified in Seamanship for the rank of Lieutenant and is hereby awarded a Class Certificate. Signed \ — : Captain, H.M.S. " ." President of the Boanl for Examination in Seamanship. Dat«. 144 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION : FoKMEK Service Journal Rigging - ANCHOI! VVoliK Officer of Watch AND Rule of Road. Organisation Signals ropes. cliai awscis, lis, &c., SyJhihux iij il,iainin. (See King's Regulations, Art. 29.SA, Clause 9) Neatness and quality of iufonnation Plans, sketches, ii)echani(!a! drawings Fittiuf; of rigging, preservation of rigging, h boat falls ; tackles, strength of fittings of torpedo nets Sheers and derricks \^'orking anchors and cables - Fittings in connection with - Duties of Officer of Watch - Rule of the road at sea Towing, &c., rudder and screw Knowledge of seainanlike work Internal economy - - - Stationing of a ship's company Organisation of fleet Signal books ... Total For a First Class, 850 marks. „ Second Class, 700 marks „ Third Class, 600 marks. Maxiininii Marks. ,')0 50 1 75 50 f 100 I 25 J 100 1 100 I 25 { 75 J 75 100 75 50 J 50 100 250 300 300 Marks Awardtid 1,000 Certificate of Examination in Xavigntion and Pilotage for tfie Rintti of /.ieiitcnnnt. This is to certify that Mr. , Midshipman, having been exauiine- .. ; vMo 2. A Prize of Books or Instruments to the value of lOL will be awarded to Officers who obtain F'rst Class Certificates in all subjects. Exci.osi i(i:s. 1.5.") Enclosure No. 27 in Third Report of Education Committee, dalnl IWi September 1912. C.W. S60S. Sii;, Ailniiralty, lOth May 1912. My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty having' liatl imdor tlirir consideration the First Report of the Committee considering the training and education of Naval Officers of the Militaiy T^ram-h, desire me to inform you that they a^jpruve the recommendation of the Committee that, after September next, all vohmtary subjects should cease to form part of the examinations for the rank of Lieutenant, and that the maximum number of marks laid down in Article .SOOA of thr King's Regulations should be reduced from 12 to 10. 2. Notice of this change will be issued in the next Weekly Orders. 3. An announcement has also been made tliat further instructions will be issued as to the examinations in foreign languages for the u ouey prizes awarded nnder • Article 352A of the King's Regulations, and for the Ryder prize. . 4. I am to request that my Lords may be furnished with copies of the evidence on which the Committee have based this Interim Report. I am, vSir, your obedient Servant, Admiral Sir Reginald N. Custance, 0. Murray. K.C.B., K.C.M.G., C.V.O., Admiralty, S.W. Enclosure No. 28 in Tliird Report of Education Committer, dated IWi September 1912. Extract from the King's Regulations and Admiralty Instructions, 1906, as amended by Addenda of 1911. Qualification's for PitDMnnuN to the rank of Lieutenant. 270. To qualify a j\Iidshipman for promotion to the rank of Lieutenant he must; have completed three years and four months' service in tliat rank. The qualifying service required will include the time awarded on leaving the Training Cruisers. 2. After completing the examinations prescribed in Chapter NTl. Midshipmen will be promoted to Sub-Lieutenant as provided in Art. 308. 3. Before being granted a Lieutenant's Commission every Officer must serve for six months at sea as a Sub-Lieutenant. This service must taive place immediately after he has j)assed all his examinations for the rank ol' Lieutenant. At the end of the six months he will receive from the Captain a Certificate of Efficiency, on the form provided in Form E. 190, to the effect that : — "He is fit to take charge of a Watch at sea as a Lieutenant, and to perform efficiently the duties of that rank." A duplicate of the certificate is to be forwarded to the Admiralty. If it should be impossible to grant the certificate to any Sub-Lieutenant on account of inefficiency a special report is to be made by letter. This certificate is to be for professional proficiency only, aud without it no Officer will be promoted. After obtaining the certificate Officers who may be qualified for accelerated promotion will be advanced according to the marks obtained in their examinations for the rank of Lieutenant. (Art. 309A.) -1. The Sub-Lieutenants' List will be governed by tlu' numbers reiiuired to till vacancies on the Lieutenants' List ; the maxinmm period of service on the Sub- Lieutenants' List will be four years ; auy Sub-Lieutenants, not passed over for misconduct, reaching four years' seniority without suHieicnt vacancies having occurred on the Lieutenants' List to permit of their advancement, will be promoted as additional to the List of Lieutenants, and absorbed as vacancies arise. 5. A Midshipman who loses time through discharge to the shore on account of sickness, not attributable to his own fault, may be allowed by Admiralty Order to present himself for examination on the date on which he would have been entitled to do so had he not lost time as a consequence of such sickness. Any Midshipman whose case comes under this Order, and who wishes to avail himself of it, must apply through 156 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATIOX : his Captain for the necessary permissiou, in sufficient time to admit of the investigation of his case and receipt of reply befoi'e the date of the examination ; but it is to be clearly understood that Officers who j^resent themselves for examination will not be shown any special consideration should they fail to pass, or should they be classed lower than they might otherwise have anticipated. Enclosure No. 20 iit Thu-d Ueport of Educat'iun Coinuiittec, dated lotli Hepieinbcr 1912. Training tiF Officehs esteked under the New Scheme after Passing for the Rank ok Lieutenant. Circular Letter. No. 6. " • 1911 Admiralty, S.W., 5th February 1912. The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, having had under further consideration the instructions as to the Training of Officers entered under the new scheme promulgated in Circular Letter, No. 25,""''' of the 14th August 1911, C.W. 12006/1911, have decided to make the following amendments in paragraph 2 on the first page of that Circular :- - Delete the words : — " During this period, Officers are to continue to si^end a part of their time in doing dutj- in the Engine-Room Department, the time so spent to be not less than three weeks in every quarter, and, so far as possible, they are to perform the ordinaiy duties of a junior Engineer Officer." And substitute : — " During this period. Officers are to serve for six consecutive months in the Engine-Room Department, where they are to perform the ordinary duties of a junior Engineer Officer, being replaced as regards their deck duties hy a Senior Midshipman selected by the Captain from those serving on board, or, in ships where no IMidshipmen are borne, by a Senior Mid- shipman lent for tlae purpose by the Commander-in-Chief. A report is to be forwarded in every case at the commencement, and again on the conclusion of this period of six months' service in the Engine-Room Department." With reference to Circular Letter, No. 37, t of the 6th December 1911, C.W. 15816/1911, Their Lordships have decided that Midshipmen are not to be moved from the ships to which they are appointed by the Admiralty, except for the above purpose, or in special cases where the Commander-in-Chief considers it necessary. By Command of Their Lordships, To all Commanders-in-Chief, W. Graham Greene. Captains, Commanders, and Commanding Oficers of H.M. Ships and Vessels and Superititendents of Dockyards at Home and Abroad. Enclosure No. 30 in Third Report of Education Committee, dated ISth September 1912. DECK WATCH-KEEPING CERTIFICATE, as proposed bii the Committee. {Authority : — King's Regiilations and Admiralty Instructions, Article .) This is to certify that Sub-Lieutenant is fit to take charge of a Watch at Sea as a Lieutenant, and to perform efficiently the duties of that rank. Captain, H.M.S. " Date A duplicate of the Watch-keeping Certificate is to be forwarded to the Admiralty. • P.ige 162. t Page 133. ENULOSl'UES. 157 Engine-Room W.vTcu-KiiEPiNr, Certificate, as proposed In/ llic Committee. (Antliority : — King's Rpgulations aud Admiralty Instructions, Article ). This is to certify that Sul>Lieutenant is fit to take charge of an Engine-Rooin Watch at Sea, and to perform efficiently the duties o! a Junior Engineer Officer. Engineer Approved- Captain, H.M.S. " Date A duplicate of the Watch-keeping Certiticate to be forwarded to ihe Admiralty. Enclosure No. 31 in Tliird J'eport of Educalion Coiinnittec, datnl loth Seplrinhei- 1912. MIDSHIPiAIEN'S ENGINEERLNG CERTIFICATE. Circular Letter. No. 38. C.W. 15286. Admiralty, S.W., 8th December 1911. My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have had imder their consideration the provisions contained in Art. 299, Clause 1, Sub-clause o H r?: <» <; !^ Oi s a to o O o o K tt3 1 CO i>- QUI tic <1 1 1 1 1 1 J O 3 5 ° o £ a X S K rt C3 si a i^ il ^ >< ■u - a O o o s 5 J? s w' CO 1 t- s •= 2 § CJ 0) Q a> o s^ be bO o" Sf m if § i ^ a ^o 2 S 3 =-^" o.^- : J c n ci ci « 4) Ci OJ o s T) " i. - i- cs -ec eg S s s Qm O ■ .-o O Q o * t- u (L> o M < t Sf be 6C .2 1 3 .c ,o O o U S 5 2 s K ^^ -k> »j j^ r^ nj ■"■ y o z •!=i 5 a 6 1 t^ -r ^ _ g bo iH i i 5, be i 3 5 ^' i 5 3 - S3 o i 1 — .^ :t "5 c5 ." ■^'*- s .5 ■g o o 1) » >^ >> §. O c; o 1 tiS tii ^ I t>^, <; a Is ^ 3 _o u CJ o M O be a 5 . '■^ £ il 3 r^ ci T sa :5 K i" a CQ ■ t^ >i >j ^_ >» a OJ GJ o o .5 t t-5 £ ° cj g 'i& ^i bi c2 ^1 ^■^ ^i-^ aq K W 5 ^ 63 a tk ^ ^ oJ O 03 ty bo fed )^ M "Pi -4J 4^ z: rt c« rt 3 3 — — -Si < c2 £ bi) d Ifl -d a r^ a 2 •; ed ^ M tk >^ >> >-> >, ^ O C' u' SO §> u: M '^ ii: -Ji ^' < 'C OS rt cc .- ^ £ 2 "0 ■t^ ^ ■e'i "5[) a C3 2 5 . '5 Q g ^S c = ^' E ^a '^S i ^1 ^^ ^& >Q|(S to r^ ^o B H » 63 ^ .■ ■H-. HM 2 •? cS c .g s> C c c5 ■< 1 5 b.* 5 £ £ 0) "5 1 1 g e C C- H-^- Q-^- « v i ■S^ iJ - g -!l^ 1 "o «:lto rt CS iC — a c 6 ilitary B a 1 1 CQ d c 1 o a 5 £ c £ ^ 'S 3 I a; C C5 1 i 0) II •Si! ni 38v llNCLOSCKEa, 169 -J^ - -*ro « O t; c^ 1 ^ =^ 1 ^ ^ &H V s 3 S i. 1^ tfi, hJ J 3 -:3 s <; 13 » nJ H W a s> ^ a - ■« o 5> t ^q a- .Q C s a -^ t; -" a.^- o ." ^ fi b£[i^ J ■*J o r:. -< .- — . — re ■M n « Si d C4 ,o E S Q 2 8 ,; S s a a a g * 0) s-i 0) .q ^ a> M kr, p W 13 1^ ^ s b ^ .9 ;; hf n » y-i o o a >^p e::. a win O ■ IN M C8 . o a w ■ 1^ a =1 3 3 H a 1^ 73 B a W at .J? ►J 3 W .a J .2 fJ.ii 3 -» ii S .o 3 a a a '/> S w .^ ^5 be M KJ o ow . ■■S3 §2 S-g^ S "^ .2 J ■" ^ -S 9 m si a a- ■ 0) -g o +^ t. ^ ^ ..• ^ «^ o rt I ¥^(2 3 te ta „ 1? -a ■:: a H 2 'a -a £ fe =s a ■- -S ■7^ oj S •^ M t« c c Ki -:: IS^- a cj . - o ;» X *; a ■" a - . I g 2 -»■= .^ £ £ I --Co 5 S i2 H "^ i:; " J a r 3 5a ja- S| O o3 « o ■a u ■" J3 o .SP O 'o u a «] o a j2 O ■- a •? •c pqo tin a a> a as^ ■& B B M Is .a O ,2 (« S> ■C > s C9 ■^ a w » 3 I r o 160' dOMMIlTEE ON EDUOATIOK.' Enclosure No. 33 In Third Report of Education Committee, dated ISth September 1912. Extract from the King's Rkgulations and Admiralty Instructions, 1900, as amended by Addenda, 1911. PlLOTAGF, AND NAVIGATING DUTIES. 313. Navigating Officers will be selected from those who volunteer for Navigating duties, preference being given to Officers who liave obtained a First Class in Pilotage in the examination for the raulv of Lieutenant, and good classes in the other subjects. 2. Selected candidates will go through a course of instruction in the Navigation School at Portsmouth. The Course of Instruction will last for 90 working daj's, part of the time being spent at sea and the remainder on shore. The subjects of instruction are given in \rt. 3 1381 A. 3. Qualiiied candidates after leaving the School will be appointed to serve for a short period in the large Ships of the Channel, Mediterranean and Atlantic Fleets, in order that they may gain experience under the Navigating Officers in the work of a Fleet in regard to Navigating Duties. 4. At the end of the first three months of this period, and subsequently every succeeding three months, the Captain is to forward to the Admiralty with his covering remarks a report from the Navigating Officer on the qualifications of the candidate and his general suitability for Navigating duties. Upon these reports, and the result of the examination in the Navigation School, the permanent appointment of Officers for Navigating duties will depend. "). The letter (N) will l^e prefixed (in the seniority columns of the Navy List) to the names of all Officers who have qualified for Navigating duties. This letter will be retained against their names only while they are actually employed, or are available for employment on those duties. G. Lieutenants (N) will be placed on exactly the same footing as regards executive command and Ship's duty generally as Gunnery and Torpedo Lieutenants, and are not to be excused from any Ship's duties, except those which interfere with the special duties pertaining to them. They will be appointed and succeed to the position of First Lieutenant, if a vacancy occurs, in all Ships except Flagships where a Com- mander is borne, exactly in the same manner as any other specialist Officer ; but in Ships where no Commander is borne they will not be appointed for First Lieutenant's duties, except in special circumstances. 7. Officers who perform Navigating duties as Lieutenant will not be required to continue those duties after promotion to the rank of Commander, unless thej'' wish to do so. A Commander when borne for Navigating duties will not be appointed as the Executive Officer of the Ship. 8. Navigating Officers, while borne in Ships in Commission in reserve, will be given every opportunity of going tlii'ough short courses of Gunnery and Torpedo, in order to keep themselves efficient in these duties. 9. The Examination in Pilotage for First Class Ships will be conducted by the Officers on the Staff of the Navigation School. The examination will be partly viva voce and partly paper work. First and Second Class Certificates of proficiency only will be awarded. The examination syllabus is given in Art. 3 13a A. 10. The examination will be comi)ulsory for all Navigating OiHcers, who will be obliged to present themselves for examination within a reasonable time after completing three years sea service as Lieutenant (N). An Officer who fails to pass at the second trial will have his name erased from the list of Navigating Officers. 11. Before presenting himself for examination in Pilotage for First Class Ships, a Lieiitenant (N) will be permitted to attend the School for one month's study. He will be allowed to make his own choice of the subjects he wishes to study, bearing in mind that the examination will include the subjects in which he was previously examined when in the School as a Sidj-Lieutenant, and that an advanced knowledge of those subjects will be required. I KNCI.OSl REP. 161 12. Navigating Otticers will al.so Ijc granted laciJities i'or attending the School for a month's course of study at periodical intervals during their subsequent career. 13. Tlie letter (Nj) wilJ \\o prclixcd (in the seniority columns of the Navj' List) to the names of Commanders and Lieutenants who have passed the examination in Pilotage for First Class Ships, 'i'liis letter will be retained against their names only Avhile they are actually employed, or are available for employment, on Navigating duties. 14. Should it be probable that the exigencies of the Service will cause an Officer to be absent from England at the date he will complete the three years' service required to render him eligible to pass for First Class Ships, he may be examined before leaving England, provided that he has completed two and a half years of such service ; but he will not be eligible for appointment to Navigating charge of a First Class Ship, nor be entitled to the corresponding increase in Navigating Allowance until he has completed the full period of three years' ([ualifying service. 15. Provisional Examinations may also be held in the following circumstances : — (a) A Lieutenant (whilst serving as a Navigating Officer on a Foreign Station), if he happen to be at sea or in a Ship on detached service ou the date he completes the service required to qualify him to present himself for Examination for First Class Ships, may apply to his Captain for a Provi- sional Certificate in Pilotage for First Class Ships, and such Certificate is to be given at the discretion of the Captain, based on his knowledge of the capabilities of the aj^plicant as a Navigating Officer, ijnd will hold good until the Ship meets the Commander-in-Chief or Senior Officer. The Officer must then apply for a passing day to be fixed, and a Board of Examining Officers is to be appointed, consisting of three Officers qualified for First Class Ships (or two if only that number be present) and presided over liy a Captain. Should the Officer pass the examination, the Examiners will award him a Provisional C(?rtificate of Qualification for First Class Ships, and such Certificate will entitle him to increase of allowance from the date of the Certificate granted l)y his Captain, but dependent on his passing the regular examination on returning to iMigland. If, after his arrival in England, an Officer neglects to take an opportunity of passing the regular examination, and, before passing, receives another appointment for Navigating duties, he will not be allowed to receive the increased allowance. Should the Officer eventually fail to pass, he will be called vapon to refund the amount of the increased allowance which he has received since passing the Provisional Examination. (/)) A Lieutenant who completes the service required to qualify him to present himself for examination for First Class Ships whilst serving as a Navigating Officer ou a Home Station, may apply to his CajJtain for, and may be granted, a Provisional Certificate as provided for in Sub-C'lause (a) of this Clause. The Intermediate Examination by a Board of Officers ■ wiU uot be required in such cases, but the Officer nnist jiresent himself at the next general examination on board the Navigation School Ship, when, if he pass, he will become entitled te the authorised increase of allowance from the date of his Provisional Certificate. Shoidd, however, an Officer be prevented bj' duty or sickness from presenting himself on the first examination day, he must produce a certificate from his Captain to that effect when he does present himself, as otherwise he will not be entitled to the increase of allowance imtil the date of passing. On an Officer passing provisionally, a notation is to be made against his name on the Ship's Books, stating the date of such ])assing. No payment at the increased rate is to be made until he has jiasscd the final examination on boartl the Navigation School Ship. 16. All Provisional Certificates are to be granted in duplicate, and are to be attached to the final Passing Certificates, upon which the ilates of the Captain's Certificate and of the Provisional Passing are to be noted. 162 COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION : Endoaure No. 34 in Third Report of Education Committee, dated 13th September 1912. Extract from the King's Regulations and Admiralty Instructions, 1906. Gunnery and ToRrEoo Duties. 866. Lieutenants desirous of qualifying as Gunnery and Torpedo Lieutenants are to apply through the Captains of the ships in which they are serving, or, if on half-pay to the Secretary of the Admiralty direct, sending copies of their certificates or of other testimonials they may wish to produce. All applications should reach the ildmiralty by 1st December each year. 2. Officers selected to qualify must have previously served one year at sea as Lieutenant. 3. The final examination for Gunnery and Torpedo Lieutenants will be in March, aft,er passing which, unless otherwise required, they wiU assist in the Gunnery and Torpedo instruction of the Schools. 4. Should it be found, during any part of the course of instruction, that a Lieutenant is not likely to prove efficient as a Gunnery or Torpedo Officer, his name is to be submitted to the Admiraltv with a view to his removal from the books of the " Excellent " or " Vernon." 0. Officers qualifying within the prescribed period and Officers going through a short course in Gunnery or Torpedo Avill be allowed to count the whole time they are borne in the " Excellent " or " Vernon " for instruction as time on Full Pay. Officers who fail to qualify, and Short Course Officers who fail to obtain a certificate, or of their own accord leave before the completion of the course in either (Umnery or Torpedo, wiU count the time as Half Pay time. 6. Officers who may be removed on account of misconduct or inefficiency are only to count time as Half Pay time. 7. The cases of Officers leaving on account of illness will be specially considered. 8. The qualifying course for Lieutenants (Gf) and (Tj) is laid down in " The Courses of Instruction in Gunnery and Torpedo." 9. Four short courses of instruction in Gunnery and Torpedo, each of 40 working days, will be held annually for Lieutenants R.N., and Officers R.M.A., R.I.M., and R.N.R. Officers should state, when applying to join these courses, to which Gunnery or Torpedo School they would prefer to be attached, and they wiU be appointed on the dates published in the official list of Courses. 10. Officers appointed for Gunnery or Torpedo duties to ships not carrying a Gunnery or Torpedo Lieutenant will receive Is. a day additional pay. The Captains of all sea-going ships are to report annually the names of any Lieutenant serving under their command whom they would recommend for these duties. Enclosure No. 35 in Third Report of Educatwn Committee, dated I3th September 1912. Training of Officers entered under the New Scheme after passing for the Rank of Lieutenant, and Appointment of Officers to Roval iMarines. Circular Letter. No. 25. r, ,.. 12000 Admiralty, S.W., 14th August 1911. In continuation of Circular Letter of 1st May 1908, No. ol'-'-'. My Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have had under consideration the further training of Officers entered under the New Scheme after passing for the rank of Lieutenant, with special reference to service in the Engineer and Marine Branches, and have approved of the issue of the following instructions for the information and guidance of all concerned. * I'li-c 101. fiNCLOSDRES. 163 I. — Officers in General. After passing all their examinations for tLe rank uf Lieutenant, Officers will be given seniority as Sub-Lieutenant in accordance with the provisions of Article 308 of the King's Regulations (Addenda). They will be required to serve at sea for not less than two years as Commissioned Officer and for at least one year ^as Lieutenant. During this period Oilicei-s are to continue to spend a part of their time in doing duty in the Engine-Room Department, the time so spent to be not less tlian three weeks in every quarter, and, so far as possible, they are to perform the ordinary duties of a junior Engineer Officer. Before being eligible to commence specialisation in Gunnery, Torpedo, or Engineering, a Lieutenant must have served in that rank for at least one year at sea and must have completed at least two years from the date of his commission as Sub-Lieutenant. Officers may volimteer to specialise one year after attaining the rank of Sub-lieutenant, but they will not as a rule be definitely selected until shortly before the specialist course commences. Officers may apply to specialise in more than one class of duties, indicating the order of their preference, so that in the event of there not being vacancies in one class, they may still be selected for one of the others. Officers desiring to qualifj* for service with the Royal Marines may volunteer for such duty on reaching the rank of Sub-Lieutenant, and if selected they will be required to serve at sea for eight months in the rank of Sub-Lieutenant and to obtain the Watch-keeping Certificate referred to in Article 270, Clause S,''' of the King's Regulations, before being eligible to commence military training on shore. II. — Engineering Branch. The specialist course of instruction to qualify an Officer in Engineering will consist, as for other specialists, of a scientific course at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, lasting for two terms or apj)roximately six months, followed by a practical course at a Dockyard extending over a period of about one year. This latter course will include practical and other work in Engineering and also practice in testing and experimenting. On completion of the course and after passing the required examination, these Officers will become Lieutenants (E), and will be qualified to perform the duties of a junior Engineer Officer afloat. Being members of the Military Branch, they will conform to all the regulations applicable to, and receive the pay, of that Branch. When appointed for Engineering duties, they will receiA^e extra pay, the rate of which is appended, in the same manner and under the same conditions as other specialist Officers. A Lieutenant (E) will not, however, be appointed for First Lieutenant's duties, nor will he draw pay for those duties. They will be on the same footing as other specialist Officers in regard to promotion to Commander, and will be required to pass the same examination for Ijromotion (Article 269, Clause 2, King's Regulations and x\dmiralty Instructions). J When promoted, the position of the Commander (E) will be in all respects similar to that of a Commander (N) as regards appointment, employment, and eligibility for promotion to Captain. From among those who have qualified for Lieutenant (E) a selection will be made of a limited number of Officers who will devote themselves to Engineering, with a view to qualifying for the higher technical and administrative Engineering appointments at the Admiralty and in the Dockyards. These Officers will undergo a further two years' course of scientific training at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, proceeding there immediately after qualifying as Lieutenant (E). The instruction will be on the same lines as that now given to Engineer Officers during their second and third sessions at the College, with such modifications as may be found necessaiy. Lieutenants (E) who successfully pass the examination at the end of this two years' course will be designated Lieutenants (E|) and will proceed to sea for a period of service afloat, after which they will be available either to take up special duty on shore, if their services are at once required, or to continue to perform the duties of an Engineer Officer at sea until they are needed for a shore appointment • Page 155. $ Page 168, ig^ COMMITTEE ON feDUCATION '. They will receive a higher rate of allowance for Engineering duties AS appended. Lieutenants (Ef) ^^'i^^ ^^t be required to pass the examination for Commander as a condition of promotion to (bmmander (Et). In special circumstances they mav be i)ermittpd to drop Engineering and to revert to deck duties ou promotion to Connuander, provided they have passed the prescribed examination for Commander. Conunanders (Ej) will be eligible to serve in an Engineering capacity at sea and in special Engineering api)ointments on shore. They will be eligible for promotion by selection to Captain (Ej; and Captains (Et) will be eligible for promotion to Flag rank, in the same manner as Commanders and Captains respectively, but they will not, when so promoted, take command of sea-going ships or of Fleets. The rates of specialist allowances for Officers qualified in Engineering will be as follows : — Lientenant (E) (Et) Commander (E) (Et) - Captain (Et) - - - " " ,, in addition to Command Money at the rate of 5s. a day. Charge Pay, Senior Engineer's Allowance and Flag Allowance will be paid as at present. .;:;. ;;:- O ' *•!•■ ■& w To alJ Comni(in(lcrs-in-Chicf, Captn ins. Commander ft, and (Joinmandinri Oficcr-s of H.M. l^liips and Vcsf!('l'< . " at Home and Ahroad. s_ d. i Oa day. o ^, .) n ( C) ) J 1 11 Enclosure No. 36 in Third Report of Education Committee, dated lolii September 1912. Regulations as to Specialisikg. As proposed by the Committee. General. Officers wishing to specialise in Navigation or Engineering will be allowed to volunteer at any time after they have served one year at sea in the rank of Snb- Lientenant, provided they have obtained the two Watch-keeping Certificates for Deck and Engine-Room duties. Those wishing to specialise in Cunnery or Torpedo will be allowed to volnnteer at any time after attaining the rank of Lieutenant. 2. Officers may apply to specialise in more than one of the above branches, and may indicate the order of their preference, so that in the event of there not being vacancies in one branch, they may be selected for another. 3. Applications are to be made throngh the Captains of the ships in which the Officers are serving, (or if on half pay to the Secretary of the Admiralty direct), and are to be accompanied by copies of their certificates, and any other testimonials that they may wish to prodnce. 4. As far as possible. Officers who have been selected will be informed six months before the commencement of the course, whichever it may be. Navifjation. 5. Officers selected to specialise in Navigation must have served not less than one year at sea as Sub-Liexitenaut. Preference will be given to Hiose who have obtained First Class Certificates in Navigation and Pilotage in the examination for the rank of Lieutenant and good classes in the other subjects. G. They will undergo a course of instruction of 99 working days in the Navigation School at Pcjrtsmouth, part of this time being spent at sea and the remainder ou shore. Two courses will be held annually. ENCLOSURES. 365 7. Oil completion of tlie course, and after passing the required examination, these Otticcrs will be appointed to serv(^ for a short period in large ships as assistants to the Navigating Officer, in order to gain experience in llic work of a Fleet in regard to Navigating duties. 8. At the end of the lirst three months of this period, and snl)sequently cn-ery succeeding three months, the Captain is to forward to the Admiralty with his covering remarks a repoil from the Navigating Ofhcer on the quaUheations of the caudid;ite and his general suitability for Navigating duties. Upon these reports, and the result of the examination in the Navigation School, the permanent appointment of Ofhccrs for Navigating duties will depend. ',). The letter (N) will he prefixed (in {ho sfMiiorlty eoliunus of the Navy List) to the names of all OlHcers who have qualified JVjr Navigating duties. This letter will be retained against their names only Avhile they are actually employed, or are available for employment, on those duties. 10. Lieutenants (N) will be placed on exactly the same footing as regards executive command and Ship's duty generally as Ounnery and Torpedo Lieutenants, and are not to be excused from any Ship's duties, exce^jt those which interfere with the special duties pertaining to them. They will be appointed and succeed to the position of First Lieutenant, if a vacancy occurs, in all Ships, except Flagships, where a Connnander is borne, exactly in the same manner as any other specialist Officer ; but in Ships where no Commander is borne they will not be appointed for First Lieutenant's duties, except in special circumstances. 1 I. Officers wdio perform Navigating duties as Lieutenant will not f)e nnpiired to continue those duties after promotion to the rank of Connnander, unless they wish to do so. A Commander when borue for Navigating duties will not l)e appointed as the Executive Officer of the Ship. 12. Navigating Officers, while borne in Ships with reduced nucleus crews, will be given every opportunity of going through short courses of Gunnery and Torpedo, in order to keep themselves efficient In these duties. 13; The Examination in Pilotage for First Class Ships will be conducted by the (^)fficei-s on the Staff of the Navigation School. The examination will l)e pai^ly rivn race and partly paper work. First and Second Class ('ertiricates of proficiency only will be aw^arded. The examination syllabus is given in Article 313aA. 14. The examination will be compulsory for all Navigating Officers, who will he obliged to present themselves for examination within a reasonable time after completing three years' sea service as Lieutenant (N). 15. Before presenting himself for examination in Pilotage for First Class Ships, a Lieutenant (N) will be permitted to attend the School for one month's study. He will be allowed to make his own choice of the subjects he wishes to study, bearing in mind that the examination will include the subjects in which he was previously examined when in the School, and that an advanced knowledge of those sidojects will be required. IG. Navigating Officers will also he granted facilities for attending the School for a month's course of study at periodical intervals during their siibsequent career. 17. The letter (N|) will be prefixed (in the seniority columns of the Navy List) to the names of Commanders and Lieutenants who have passed the examination in Pilotage for First Class Ships. This letter will be retained against their names only while they are actually employed, or are available for employment, on Navigating duties. 18. Should it be probable that the exigencies of the Service will cause an Officer to be absent fi"om England at the date he will complete the three years' service required to render him eligible to pass for First (Jlass Ships, he may be examined before leaving England, provided that he has completed two and a half years of such service ; but he will not be eligible for appointment to Navigating charge of a First Class Ship, nor be entitled to the corresponding increase in Navigating Allowance until he has completed the full period of tliree j-ears' f|ualifying service. 19. Provisional Examinations may also be held in the following circumstances : — - (a) A Lieutenant (whilst serving as a Navigating Officer on a Foreign Station), if he happen to be at sea or in a Ship on detached service on the date he completes the service required to qualify him to present himself for Examination for First Class Ships, may apply to his Captain for a Provisional Certificate in Pilotage for First Class Ships, and nnoh Certi ficate is to be given at the discretion of the Captain, b^sed on his U 12600 M 16G COMMITTEE ON EDUCATIOK : knowledge of tlic capabilities of the applicant as a Navigating Oflicer, and will hold good until the Ship meets the Comniauder-in-(Jhief or Senior Officer. The Officer must then apply for a passing day to be fixed, and a Board of Examining Officers is to be appointed, consisting of three Officers qualified for First Class Ships (or two if onlj^ that nundjer be present) and presided over by a Captain. Should the Officer j)ass the examination, the Examiners will award him a Provisional Certificate of Qualification for First Class Ships, and such Certificate will entitle him to increase of allowance from the date of the Certificate granted by his Caj)tain, but dependent on his passing the regular examination on returning to England. If, after his arrival in England, an Oilicer neglects to take an opportunity of passing the regular examination, and, before passing, receives another appointment for Navigating duties, he will not be allowed to receive the increased allowance. Should the Officer eventually fail to pass, he will be called upon to refund the amount of the increased allowance which he has received since passing the Provisional Examination. (b) A Lieutenant who completes the service required to qualify him to present himself for examination for First Class Ships whilst serving as a Navigating Officer on a Home Station, may apply to his Captain for, and may be granted, a Provisional Certificate as provided for in Sub-Clause (a) of this Clause. The Intermediate Examination by a Board of Officers will not be required in such cases, but the Officer must present himself at the next general examination on board the Navigation School Ship, when, if he pass, he will become entitled to the authorised increase of allowance from the date of his Provisional Certificate. Should, however, an Officer be prevented, by duty or sickness, from presenting himself on the first examination day, he must produce a Certificate from his Captain to that effect when he does present himself, as otherwise he will not be entitled to the increase of allowance until the date of passing. On an Officer passing provisionally, a notation is to be made against , his name on the Ship's Books, stating the date of such passing. No payment at the increased rate is to be made vintil he has passed the final examination on board the Navigation School Ship. 2U. All Provisional Certificates are to be granted in duplicate, and are to be attached to the final Passing Certificates, upon which the dates of the Captain's Certificate and of the Provisional Passing are to be noted. Guinivrij and Torpedo. 21. Officers selected to specialise must have previously served not less than one year at sea as Lieutenant in charge of a Watch in a sea-going Ship, preference being given to those who Lave obtained First Class Certificates in Gunnery and Torpedo respectively and good classes in the other subjects. 22. The instruction necessary to qualifs^ an Officer in Gunner}^ or Torpedo will consist of a course of study lasting six months at the Poyal Naval College, Greenwich, followed by a practical coixrse lasting eight months, including leave, in the " Excellent " and "Vernon" respectively. 2.3. The courses at Greenwich are to be so arranged as to serve as a preparation for the practical courses at the Gunnery and Torpedo Schools, and the whole training at both places is to be strictly limited to what is essential for Lieutenants (G) and (T) in sea-going »Ships. 24. On completion of these courses, and after i^assing the required examination, these Officers will become Lieutenants (G) and (T) respectively. There will be two classes of Lieutenants (G) and (T) differentiated only as regards pay. To become a First Class Lieutenant (G) or (T) it will be necessary for an Officer to obtain Fii'st Class Certificates in the Examinations held on completing the Greenwich course and the course in the Torpedo or Gunnery School respectively. 25. A limited numlier of Lieutenants (G) and (T), First Class, who may volunteer will be selected to undergo an advanced course of six months' study at the lioyal Naval College, Greenwich. No examination will be held at the end of this course. 26. Should it be found, during any part of the course of instruction, that a Lieutenant is not likely to prove efficient as a Gunnery or Torpedo Officer, his name is to be submitted to the Admiralty with a view to his removal from the books of the " Excellent " or " Vernon." i-;vcLnsiit(t:.<. If!? 27. Officers qualifying \vitiun tlic jirescrihed period will be allowed to count the wliole time they are borne in the " ExreUeiit " or " Vernon '" for instriu-tion as time on Full Pay. Officers who fail to qualify, or of their own acc'ord leave lielore the completion of the course in either Gunnery or Torpedo, will count the time as Half Pay time. 28. Officers who may he removed cm account of miseondiiet or inefficiency are only to count time as Half fay time. 29. The cases of Officers leaving on account of illness will be specially considered. Endineering. 30. An Officer applying to specialise in Engineering must obtain a recommendation from the Captain and Engineer Officer of the Ship in which he obtained his I^ngine- Iloom Watch-keeping Certiiicate. 31. Every Officer must have completed at least two years as a commissioned Officer in a sea-going ship before l)eing eligible to specialise. 32. The instruction necessary to qualify an Officer in Engineering will consist oi a cour.se of stndy lasting six months at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, followed by a practical course lasting approximately one year, including leave, at Keyliam College, Devonport. 33. On completion of these courses, and after passing the required examination, these Officers -will become Lieutenants (I''.). There will be two classes of Eieutenants (E) differentiated only as regards pay. To become a First Class Lieutenant (E), it will be necessary for an Officer to obtain First Class Certificates iu the Ivxamiuations held ou completing the Greenwich and Keyham courses. 34. Lieutenants (E) when appointed for Engineering duties will receive extra pay, iu the same manner and under the same conditions as other specialist Officers. They will also receiA'e Charge Pay, Senior Engineer's Allowance and Flag^Vllowance, when so entitled. lieutenants (E) will not be appointed for First Lieutenant's duties, however, nor will they draw pay for those duties. They will he on the same footing as other specialist Officers in regard to promotion to Commander. When promoted, the position of the Commander (E) will be in all respects similar to that of a Commander (N ) as regards appointment, employment, and eligibility for promotion to Captain. 35. Officers cpialifying within the prescril)ed period will be allowed to count the whole time they are borne for instruction as time on Full Pay. Officers who fail to qualify, or of their own accord leave before the completion of the course in engineering will count the time as Half Pay time. 36. Officers who may be removed on account of misconduc-t or inefficiency are only to count time as Half Pay time. 37. The cases of Officers leaving on account of illness will be specially considered. Suh-Enclosure in Enclosure No. 30 ni lii'pmi of Education (.'oininilfee, dated l?jfh Srptemhrr 1912. Proposed Scale of Allowance^: to Specialist Officeu.s in addition to I'ull P.o. AlliiwanceR to T.ieuteimiit ir, addition l.i Full Pay. Year of -M)5 Davs. One Dnv. £ s. d. .«. (/. For Navigating duties . - 4.) 12 6 2 6 »j ») if of five years' seniority .... - .54 15 3 »i 11 if passed for First Class Ships foi- Pil» 11 wlieii appointed to a ship Ijearing a flag or hioad [u in addition to Navigating .allowance, but su))jecf conditions that the Admiralty may lay down. ni to lant any o4 15 3 For Giitiuerv (liitler* ;- - First C'lass - . - "■> 4 Second Class - .-.*... . ,-)4 1.'. .•i () For Torpedo duties :— First Class - - 7;i 4 Second Class - . - .-)4 l.i 3 For Eiigiiiecrinji diiiic ^ : — First Class - . - S)l o a Second Class - . - l:i 4 Allowance to Commander (E) in addition to l'"iill I'ay - {)! 5 ■> Officers for Engineering duties will also 1 Allowance, and Flag Allowance as at present. )e paid ( 'harge Pay, Senior Engineer's K'f.llO N KiS COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION: Enclofiure No. 37 in Third Report of Education Committee, dated 13^// September 1912. Specialisation of Officers in Engineering. (C.W. 8594. 24.5.12.) With reference to King's Regiilations, Article 312a, it has been decided as a temporary measure to suspend the regulation as to the length of service necessary to j-ender OiUcers eligible to specialise in Engineering. As the first course to qualify for specialisation will commence in October 1913, and at that date there will not be a suthcient number of Lieutenants eligible by service, Officers desirous of qualifying in Engineering will, for the present, be con- sidered for selection provided they have performed tlieir six months' training in the engine-room, as required by Circular Letter No. 6, of the 5th February 1912, and have obtained their deck watch-keeping certificate. Lieutenants and Sub-Lieutenants who entered as Cadets in September 1 903 and January 1904 may now send in their applications to specialise in Engineering witli a view to a selection l^eing made for the first course. EncIosiDT No. 38 in Tliird Rcpn)-t of Education IJommittee, dated IZtli Seplemher 1912. Extract from the Addenda of 1911 to t\\o King's Regulations and Admiralty Instructions, 1906. Examination for the Rank of Commander. Article 269. 2; Lieutenants who have passed as Cadets into the "Britannia " or other training establishment in or after January 1903, will be required, at any time after attaining five years' seniority, to pass a qualifj'ing examination for promotion to the rank of Commander, in the following subjects : — Court-Martial Procedure. International Law. ■ Knowledge of liritish and Foreign Warships, Giuis, Torj^edoes, &.c. Naval History. Signals. Strateg3^ Tactics and Battle Formations. Enclo.mvc No. 39 in Third Report of Education Committee, dated lotli Septemher 1912. Organisation and Training of War Staff. Circular Letter. No. 10. C. W. Admiralty, S.W., 11 th March 1912. The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty liaving decided to establish a Wai- Staff for the Navy, the following particulars are promulgated for information and guidance. The War Staff is designed to provide a body of officers so trained as to qualify them for employment at the Admiralty, on the Staffs of Commanders-in-Chief or other Flag Officers, in Squadrons, Torpedo or submarine flotillas, and at Naval bases, in such numbers as their Lordships may from time to time decide. In addition to the Senior Officers now holding War Staff appointments, the personnel of the War Staff will at the outset comprise Naval and Marine Officers of the rank, or relative rank, of Commander and Lieutenant, and include repre- sentatives of every specialist brancli ; it will be in numbers sufficient to afford an ample field for selection for the various appointments and to permit of that interchange of staff and general service afloat and ashore which the experience of the j)ast has shown to be indispensable to the efficiency of the Naval Service. Ifitherto no special rules have governed the system of choosing officers for posts at the Admiralty or upon the Staffs of Commanders-in-Chief; they have EN0LO8DRES. 169 selected upon the best general appreciation possible of their personal qualities ; in future, membership of the War SiaO' will be a primary condition. Al Jirsi such membership will not be confined to olhcers who maj' have undergone th(> special courses of training now instituted. Certain a])pointments must at once be filled by otficers of rank and s(^niority who have not had the opportunity of qualil'ying under the new system. A limited numljer of officers with suitable qualifications will be selected to form the nucleus of the War Staff, and their names and appt)inlnients will be duly notified. All officers so selected will not, however, receive Staff appointments, and it will take time before there are suitable vacancies which can be lill(Ml by officers placed on the Staff. Lieutenants of six years' seniority and upwards may apply to join tiie War Staff, and will be selected according to the reports upon their qualifications. The qualifying course of instruction at the War College will last a year ami will comprise two sessions divided by service in the Summer manceuvres. Officers who complete this course in a satisfactory manner will be eligible for Staff Employment as vacancies occur. War Staff Officers may be invited to attend a superior War College course at a later period of their service. In the meanwhile, whether they hold War Staff appointments or not, they will maintain a systematised correspondence with the President of the War (Jollegc- and his assistants on general questions of professional interest or staff duties, in order that their contact with the War College may be uidjroken. The President of the War College will at the proper time issue fuU directions regarding this correspondence, which will in all cases pass through the various Commanders- in-Chief. Membership of the War Staff implies no right to Staff aj^pointments, and War Staff Officers will not be continuously employed on Staff duty. On the contrary, it is essential that periods of sea service in which these officers will perform the ordinary duties of their rank should alternate in (hie proportion with Staff emploj-ment to ensure that they remain efficient sea-going officers. It has been explained clearly in the memorandum of the First Lord announcing the formation of the War Staff, that practical seamanship, professional knowledge, and personal qualities of command, will, as heretofore, continue to govern the advancement of all officers in the service. The courses at the War College will be adapted both to Lieutenants qualifying for Staff appointments and to Senior Officers who have already qualified for, or who have been placed upon, the War Staff as original members. The War CoUege at Portsmouth will he enlarged and special courses be instituted so far as may be necessary for these purposes. The President of the War CoUege will prescribe the scope and character of the various courses, and the necessary iirf'ormation regarding them will be imparted to those concerned by their Lordships. Twelve officers of the rank of Lieutenant of six years' seniority and upwards mil be selected to join the present War College session, commencing on March 27th, 1912. Three officers of the Royal Marines will also be selected — from officers of the rank of Captain, R.M.A. or ll.M.L.L, who have been at least cme year in command of a detachment embai'ked. Officers not selected to imdergo the courses in 1912 will still be eligible for future consideration. Officers, when employed in War Staff appointments, will receive an allow- ance of 5s. a day if of Commander's rank, autl 4s. a day if of Lieutenant's rank, in wliich will be absorbed any specialist allowance already payable. Officers eligible for special allowances for Gumiery, Torpedo, or other qualifications will draAv those allowances while undergoing the courses. To all Commanders-In-Chief, Captains, Commanders, and Commanding Officers of KM. Ships and Vessels at Home a7id Abroad. By command of 'i'heir Lordships, W. GrEAHAM GrEENE. no COMMil-TEE ON EDUCATION : ENCLOStlhtiS. Enclosure A^o. 40 in Third Report of Education Committee, dated loth Septemher I'Jl-. Numbers of Naval Instructors — August 1912. Numbers on Active List: — Naval Instructors - Chaplains and Naval Instructors Total - 32 - 28 60 Naval Chapl.ains nnH Knvnl •r„fni Instructors. , Instructors. Xumber serriiuj al Sea : — In Tiiiiiiing Cruisers - - - - - - With Miilsliipmeu (iiicliKliuy' the Rev. VV. Hall, who will lie lent to Austnilia from Septeiiiber 1912). Ahf^ent sick .------ 1 4 ! 2 6 14 ' 18 ; 27 — 11 l!s 16 ;« Xumber serviiii/ on S/iorc : — In Training Establishnients, D.X.E.'s office, &c. Lent to Colonial and Foreign Governments I 12 11- 28 2 2 14 11 ' 2.') Oi) pennaiitnt Ilitlf l'n. 1909. [Repiinted, witli Amendments. 1913.] U. Institutes. Garrison and Regi.mental. Rules for the Management of. 1912. Id. Kit PI.ATES. Ordnance Corps. Army. Forgnid- ' ance at Marching Order and Kit Inspection.s. 2rf. Map Reading and Field Sketching Manual, 1912. Amended Plate 14. 1.^. Musketry Regulations. Part T. 190;i. 'Re- printed, with Amendments. 1912. Ik/. Ordnance College. Report upuu the ;i2nd Advanced Class, Is. Ordnance Corps. Arm v. Standing Ordei-s. 1912. 6d. I Ordnance Services. Army. Regulations for. P;u-t II. 1908. Amendments, Dec. 1912. Id. [ Russo-Japanese War. Official History (Navnl and Military) ; — Vol. II. Liao-Yang, the Sha-ho, Port Aithur. With case of maps. IS*. Stations of Units of the Regular Foi-ces, Militia, Special Reserve, and Tenitorial Force. No. 39. Jan. 1913. 2d. Sudan Almanac. 1913. Compiled in the Intelli- gence Department, Cairo. Is. Transport. Pack. Notes on. id. ; Admiralty : — Arctic Pilot, Vol. I., 1907. Revised Supplement, 1913. -- I China Sea Directorv. VliI. L.. l:ioii. Revised Supplement, 1913. — | Geodetic Positions, Latitudes 0° to 65". Tables i for Determiaing ; together with Methods of using | Co-ordinates. 6d. j Graduation of Surveys and Charts on the Gnonionic Projection. Compression „li^. 6d. Guns. Handbook for the Maxim 0-4.5" (G. G. Chamber) or 0- 303'' Maxim (which differs only i in dimensions). 1912. 6d. j Lights AND Time Signals. Listof. 1913. [Cor- ! rected to Dec. 31, 1912 Part. , I. British Islands. Is. tid. IIa. North and Arctic Seas, Noi-th of CapeGrisne/. (except the BritishlslandsandNonvay). 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Chemical and Allied Trades ; Paper, Printing, and Allied Trades ; Leather, Canvas, and Indiarubljer Trades. Timber Trades; Clay, Contracting Trades ; IL III. IV, V. VI. VII. Public Utility Sei-vices Gas. Metropolis. for 1913. 1. m. 1913. Is. 6rf. Stone, Building, and Cyl. u. Notification of the Gas Referees Board of Trade -~,,„. National Insurance Act, 1911. Part U. I'n- employment Insurance. Decisions givtu \>y the Umpire. Vol. III. being tliose published in •'The Board of Trade Joumalti." Sept. 19 to Dec. 26, 1912, hiclusive. With Index. 3d. Xtecord Publications :— T. Calendars. Fine Rolls. Vol. in. Edward IT. 1310- 1327. 15«. Papal Registers. Papal Lextebb, Vol. IX. 1431-1447. 15s. P.vtent Rolls. Edward- ni. Vol. XIII. 1364-1367. 158. Venice. State Papei"s and Manuscripts re- lating to English Affairs, existing in the Archives an- I'n rli'tmrnffxry Paper [Cd. 6359] of 1912.] 2s. National Insurance Act, lull. 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Rules of the Sitottish Laud Court, with Instnictions, Forms, and Tallies ol Feea. Is. 6d. State Papers. British and Foreign. In 101 Vols. NAVY (EDUCATION). REPORTS OF THE COMMITTEE APPOINTED TO ENQUIRE INTO THE EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF CADETS, MIDSHIPMEN AND JUNIOR OFFICERS OF HIS MAJESTY'S FLEET; TOUKTJli:!-; WITH ENCLOSURES. }^ve9tnttb to liatiiamntt t>p CTommanli of 1^10 MaieMv. LONDON: PUBLISHED T?Y HIS MAJESTY ATIOKERY OFFICE. To !«■ jiuiT^ iliiuctl. -ly Booksellei WYMAN AND SONS, Li'D., i^EiTEu Lank, i d ;-'>2, Abingdon Street, S.W ari'l ^'J '^1 "VTm.v ?;ii liDii-F ; or ..\1. STATIONKRY OFl ■, Forth Street, Edinburgh 'NSONBY, Lto., IK), Grakion Street, Dublin; Ml injiij ilic Agencies in the Brilish Colonies and Dependencies^, I lie United States of Aiueriea. Iho Cnntinent oJ' Eniope and Abroad ol T. i'TSIi I- ' I l.\ K I ' r J* ' . t "1 1 -LKNT MAJEf?l lilJ* ANGfit,! A3 alty - 1913 Reports on the education and training of cadets A3 1913 r (ioiiiMFnn nrr.inNni i ibrarv ruriDTi |l|MllippiP|ll|l||l|||lil|!|i||l|iii|ii|i||||ii| D 000 326 552 7