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 1^ UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 IJNIVERSITY Of CALiFORNIA, SAN 
 LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA 
 
 THE 
 
 
 TICHBORNE TRIAL 
 
 NEW YORK : 
 
 JAMES COCKCROFT & COMPANY. 
 
 187s. 
 
 3/
 
 THE 
 
 TICHBORNE TRIAL. 
 
 IN the early years of the reign of His Majesty King 
 Louis Phillippe, there resided in the Rue de la Fer- 
 rne, Paris, an English gentleman and his family, named 
 Tichborne. Paris has undergone a wondrous transfor- 
 mation since then, but the Rue de la Ferme, or more 
 correctly the Rue de la Ferme des Mathurins, is still rep- 
 resented by fragments of its former self which may be 
 found by the curious in the Quarter of the Madeleine. 
 Servants and tradespeople knew this gentleman as 
 " Monsieur Teeshborne." He had a French wife, "a 
 French valet and footman, a French circle of friends and 
 acquaintances. He spoke French like one of them- 
 selves. He was a Roman Catholic — his wife a devout 
 one. Father confessors, and other dignified clerical per- 
 sons, were often found within his modest suite of rooms 
 above the entresol, where, in Continental fashion, he lived 
 snugly, and was only to be approached by a preliminary 
 parley with the cojicitrge in his little lodge across the 
 paved courtyard. If this gentleman was not exactly 
 naturalized, it was clear that his family were in a fair way 
 to become part and parcel of the great French nation. 
 Perhaps a son might keep up associations with his 
 father's native country; but in the natural course of 
 
 I. — I
 
 2 MEMORIES OF 
 
 things the association must grow weaker and weaker, 
 until at last the fact that the Tichbornes were known to 
 be of Ens^Hsh origin would possibly have been all that 
 distinguished them from friends and connections in their 
 adopted land. 
 
 Yet Mr. James Tichborne was a member of the ancient 
 family of Tichborne, of that place whose name, either 
 in its modern or its ancient form of De Itchenborne, was 
 famous in Hampshire long before the days when Gurth, 
 the swineherd, blew his horn in the glades of the New 
 Forest. But he was a younger brother. More than that, 
 he was a younger brother without any reasonable pros- 
 pect of ever succeeding to the baronetcy and estates of 
 the Tichborne family. Younger brothers tike various 
 ways. Some go into the Army, some into the Navy, the 
 Church, the Law. Some determine to carve a position 
 for themselves, and dream of founding a family to be 
 known as the younger branch. Mr. Tichborne, however, 
 was not one of these. He had a private fortune quite 
 sufficient for bis wants, and even for a considerable 
 amount of luxury. He had married a lady about whom 
 there was a certain degree of mysterj*. That she had an 
 English father — Mr. Seymour, of the old family of that 
 name at Kiioyle, in Wiltshire, was known to some, though 
 it was better known that the mother of Mrs. Tichborne 
 was a French lady of the ancient house of Bourbon 
 Conti, a family that had suffered like others from the 
 great social deluge of 1789, but had retained some power 
 over possessions, a considerable portion of which, after 
 long years of litigation, came to the wife of " Mons. 
 Teeshborne." With these sources of income Mr. Tich- 
 borne led an easy and somewhat idle, though unfortu- 
 nately by no means peaceful, life. He was, on the 
 whole, a good-natured man, a kind husband, and a good 
 father; but he had a hasty temper, of which servants
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL, ^ 
 
 and even relations felt at times some of the effects. But 
 his wife's infirmity in this way was far more notorious. 
 Mrs. Tichborne was what is known as a spoiled beauty. 
 Slim, graceful, elegant, and at that period, scarcely more 
 than of middle age, her good looks would have made her 
 in the old days of gallantry a famous toast. As it was, 
 her personal attractions were proverbial, and, as is not 
 uncommon in such cases, her self-will was equally well 
 known. Among other traits in her character was a sin- 
 gular perverseness, coupled with a weakness of judgment 
 which rendered her an easy prey of that numerous class 
 who hang about the devout soliciting charity. Hence 
 the household was by no means a happy one. Mrs. Tich- 
 borne devoted much time to the exercise of her relig- 
 ion ; and she had — a few years later at least — in pretty 
 constant attendance her confessor, the Abb6 Salis, of 
 whom the world has heard something. To do him jus- 
 tice the Abbe was cognizant of the infirmities of her dis- 
 position, and gave her good advice, which, however, was 
 not often followed. Unhappily the domestic differences 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Tichborne were not always concealed 
 from servants or friends. Mr. Tichborne's " faithful Gos- 
 sein," the valet, who had been with him from the earliest 
 period of his married life, knew much of these domestic 
 sorrows ; and the Jiabitiids of that circle — the old friends 
 who were at home at their table — saw more than once un- 
 pleasant tokens of these matrimonial storms which were 
 rather the rule than the exception in that household. 
 Still Mr. Tichborne loved his wife, and while lamenting 
 his miseries most bitterly rarely failed to mingle with his 
 complaints some expression indicating affection. Un- 
 fortunately Mrs. Tichborne's weaknesses increased with 
 years, and developed into an eccentricity which, if it was 
 not madness, seemed to many only to be explained by 
 reference to that cause.
 
 4 MEMORIES OF 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Tichborne had married in the year 1827, 
 and on the 5th of January, 1829, a son was born to them, 
 whom they baptized at the Madeleine Church in the 
 name of Roger Charles. Ten years later they had an- 
 other son, who was known as Alfred Joseph. Two little 
 girls were also born to them, but these died young, so 
 that the Tichborne family consisted only of father, 
 another, and the two sons. Of these the elder one, little 
 Roger, concerns us most. There came a time when it 
 was necessary to provide instructors for the lad, and Mrs. 
 Tichborne, resolute in the determination to have her 
 own way in all things, charged herself with the matter of 
 his education. A tutor was engaged for him named 
 Chatillon, whose duty it was not only to teach, but to 
 take the little boy out to play in the public gardens of 
 which there are in Paris so many. Afterwards there was 
 a spiritual instructor for the boy in the person of Father 
 Alexis Lefevre, a priest who has since become renowned 
 -as a preacher, and from his miraculous escape from exe- 
 cution by the Communists in the civil strife which fol- 
 lowed on the conclusion of the great war with Germany. 
 The boy loved Father Lefevre, and on \}ci& fete day of 
 his patron saint Alexis was accustomed to make a special 
 visit to the worthy father, taking with him an offering of 
 flowers. As intelligence grew he confided to him his 
 childish sorrows, and the priest gave him consolation. 
 One day little Roger said to him, " Father, why is your 
 hair all v/hite?" Then the father told him how once 
 when he was in Spain, and when he was still a young 
 man, he dreamed a terrible dream of his father's death, 
 and how the shock brought on an illness, and how from 
 that time his hair began to change, and in the end grew 
 prematurely gray. At other times he amused the boy 
 -with legends of the saints, telling him of a certain man 
 in the old times who went away from father and mother.
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 5 
 
 and for some strange reason returned in the garb of a 
 beggar, and lived in his father's great house a poor de- 
 pendant, until he died, and the secret was revealed. Of 
 instructors in the lore of the Roman Catholic Church 
 Roger had indeed no lack. There was his mother's con- 
 fessor, who for some time lived in the same house, and 
 would occasionally interrogate the boy upon his studies. 
 But if Roger grew to be a sound Catholic it is certain 
 that he did not become a good scholar. It has been 
 pleaded for Chatillon that he was impeded in the duty 
 of teaching the boy by Mrs. Tichborne's inveterate habit 
 of interference. Any way the scholar made but little 
 progress in his studies. At one time Mr. Tichborne in- 
 sisted on his son going to a public school, and accord- 
 ingly he was placed in the suburb of Vaugirard at an es- 
 tablishment kept by the Abbe Dupanloup, who has since 
 risen high, and is now better known as the Bishop of 
 Orleans. But he had been there only a week when the 
 restless, self-willed, and flighty Mrs. Tichborne interfered 
 — insisted that her son should not observe the ordinary 
 hours and regulations, but should be governed by a code 
 of her own framing. Abbe Dupanloup politely refused 
 to accede. A large school, he said, must be governed by 
 its own laws, and the Abbe saw no reason for making ex- 
 ceptions in favor of the son of Monsieur Teeshborne. 
 So poor Roger was peremptorily withdrawn, and con- 
 signed to the care of a tutor, who was more easily con- 
 trolled. 
 
 All this while Mr. James Tichborne interfered little, or 
 if he interfered was not very successful. He passed time 
 at his club, where he was regarded as a good conversa- 
 tionalist. He took interest in politics and public affairs,, 
 and sought what consolation he could in the society of 
 his old friend M. d'Aranza, the Comte de Mondreville^ 
 and others. His visits to England were rare, but once a
 
 6 MEMORIES OF 
 
 year it was his custom to make a trip to the South of 
 France, or to the Channel Islands, or across the Alps 
 into Italy. Sometimes Mrs. Tichborne accompanied 
 him ; on one memorable occasion little Roger and his 
 tutor were of the party, and this time they went into 
 Brittany. But even here poor Roger's ill-fortune pursued 
 him, for one day when they were bathing in a little bay 
 at Fornic he fell from a rock upon his head, and received 
 so severe a blow that for some hours he remained insen- 
 sible. These, however, were but slight troubles com- 
 pared with the miseries he endured from the mother's 
 strange fancies at home. He was growing old enough to 
 understand the position of matters in his household, and 
 was witness of many a scene of discord between mother 
 and father which a child should not see. Thus he came 
 to have more and more matters to confide to his friend 
 the reverend father-; and then there was the little griev- 
 ance of how the mother fed him on the Frenchwoman's 
 everlasting diet of thin soup, and other domestic troubles. 
 But not the least of poor Roger's sorrows arose from the 
 mother's faith in old nostrum's, and in her persistence in 
 regarding the child as an object for the practice of what 
 is known as " domestic medicine." Many a year after 
 that the lad resented inquiries after his health from the 
 over-anxious mother, as if he had been threatened again 
 with the old torments, one of which was the horrible in- 
 fliction of an issue in the arm, maintained in French 
 fashion by inserting a pea in an incision made for the 
 purpose, and keeping it there until the irritation which 
 it caused produced a painful sore. For three years the 
 poor boy suffered from this foolish old remedy for his 
 imaginary ailments, complaining and fretting. But in 
 the Tichborne household, save an occasional insurrection 
 on the part of Mr. James, the mother ruled supreme. 
 When the boy's slow progress in learning was the sub-
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 7 
 
 ject of remonstrance, new tutors were engaged one after 
 another, but the result was the same. Now and then 
 the restless lady in like manner engaged new lodgings, 
 and Roger's home was shifted from one street to an- 
 other, though always near the same quarter. But amid 
 all these changes there was no variation in Mrs. Tich- 
 borne's habit of controlling the teachers of her son ; and 
 thus it came about that at the age of sixteen Roger 
 Tichborne, though he spoke French with the ease and 
 command of language of a young gentleman reared in 
 Paris, in the society of refined and educated persons, 
 wrote that language with an ignorance of correct spelling 
 that would have disgraced the son of a porter. 
 
 Some years before this time, however, events had 
 occurred in England which aroused Mr. James Tich- 
 borne more than ever to the necessity for giving his 
 eldest son some different training. The then Lord of 
 Tichborne, his brother, was growing in years, and was 
 not likely to have an heir. Indeed it was the common 
 belief of the county folks that the Tichborne family 
 must ere long become extinct, the foundation of this 
 notion being attached to the old legend of the distribu- 
 tion of the " Tichborne Dole," the story of which was 
 as follows : In the reign of Henry I. Sir Roger de 
 Tichborne married Mabella, the sole heiress of the 
 powerful house of Lamerston, in the Isle of Wight. 
 This lady was famed for her piety and charity, and it was 
 commonly believed among the superstitious peasantry 
 of those days that she had the power even of working 
 miracles. When worn out with age and infirmities she 
 petitioned her husband for the means of instituting a dis- 
 tribution — or " dole," as it was then called — of bread, to 
 be given to every person who should come to the old 
 house and ask for it on every Lady Day forever. To 
 4:his request her husband not only acceded, but promised
 
 8 MEMORIES OF 
 
 her for the purpose as much land as she could walk round 
 in the neighborhood of the house while a billet of wood> 
 which was to be lighted, should continue to burn. It 
 would seem to have been a somewhat unkind condition 
 to require a wife weighed down with age to perform 
 pedestrian exercises of this kind ; and the concession is 
 unfortunately open to the suspicion of being dictated by 
 the belief that the result would not deprive the Lord of 
 Tichborne of any very large portion of his ancestral 
 estates. If so, however, he underrated the strength 
 with which faith and charity will sometimes endow the 
 weak. Old Lady Tichborne was not to be daunted by 
 the trifling difficulty that she happened to be bed-ridden. 
 She caused herself at once to be lifted from her couch 
 and carried to a choice and fertile meadow of several 
 acres in extent. The fire having then been applied to 
 the faggot, she commenced alternately walking by the 
 aid of props and crawling upon her hands, and, finding 
 herself suddenly blessed with unusual power, she suc- 
 ceeded in completing the entire circuit of the meadow 
 before the last little tongue of blue flame hovering on 
 the wreaths of smoke had finally dropped out, and the 
 faggot was reduced to ashes. The spot where this semi- 
 miraculous event took place is still pointed out, lying to 
 the north-east of the house, and it has ever since been 
 known by the name of " The Crawls." Lady Tichborne 
 was said to have threatened the downfall of the house- 
 and the extinction of the name of Tichborne if any of 
 her successors should be wicked enough to abolish the 
 annual work of charity. Such, indeed, was the tenor of 
 the old legend of the Tichborne Dole, which was annu- 
 ally distributed in 1,200 small loaves, in the fashion which 
 will be seen in our engraving from Tilberg's picture. 
 But towards the close of the last century it began to be 
 felt that our forefathers were not always as wise as they
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. ^ 
 
 were benevolent — that, in fact, the Tichbornc Dole did 
 but httle good for the honest and deserving, while it at- 
 tracted in great numbers the idle and dissolute. The 
 "Dole Day," in fact, was attended with scenes of con- 
 fusion and disorder, and was, therefore, at last abolished. 
 When, shortly after that, the venerable house with its 
 two wings, as depicted in Tilberg's painting, its secret 
 passages and quaint staircases, was pulled down to make 
 way for the present modern mansion, the conviction that 
 the ancient glories of Tichborne were shaken became 
 confirmed ; nor did it matter much in popular estimation 
 that the whole annual cost of the " Dole " continued to 
 be bestowed upon the poor in a wiser form. Before 
 long the people's old prophecy must have its fulfillment, 
 and Tichborne would be without an heir. Singularly 
 enough, this notion soon began to receive a striking con- 
 firmation. Sir Henry Joseph Tichborne, who succeeded 
 to the baronetcy in 1821, was popular in the county. 
 His hale and robust form, his light hair and clear blue 
 eyes, his frankness and good humor, his jovial frame and 
 bearing, suggested to visitors of the Tichborne family 
 recollections of Cedric in the romance of " Ivanhoe," 
 and constituted him the very ideal head of a race un- 
 questionably of Saxon descent. But for all this, people 
 said that the curse of Lady Mabella was upon him and 
 his house. Witness the fact that, though time after 
 time a child was born to him. Providence blessed him 
 with no male heir. Again and again the news came that 
 a child was born at Tichborne, but country folks shook 
 their heads, and foretold that it was "a girl." And they 
 were right. Sir Henry had seven children, of whom six 
 lived, and were celebrated for their good looks and their 
 tall and handsome proportions ; but all the seven were 
 daughters. Still there was Sir Henry's brother, Edward 
 Tichborne, who had taken large estates under the will of
 
 lo MEMORIES OF 
 
 a Miss Doughty, and with them had assumed the name 
 of that lady, and he was after Sir Henry the next heir. 
 
 Edward had a son and daughter. But one day there came 
 the news that another step had been reached towards 
 the fulfillment of the dismal old prophecy. Sir'Edward's 
 little boy had died, and then it was that Mr, Tichborne 
 perceived more clearly the error that he had made in 
 permitting Roger to grow up ignorant of English habits 
 and totally unacquainted with the English tongue. Ed- 
 ward Doughty was an old man. His brother, James 
 Tichborne himself was growing in years. The prospect 
 of Roger one day becoming the head of the old House 
 of Tichborne, which had once been so remote, had now 
 become almost a certainty. It would not do for the 
 Lord of Tichborne to be a Frenchman ; sooner or later 
 he must learn English, and receive an educatic^n fitting 
 him to take the position which now appeared in store 
 for him. All this was clear enough to Mr. James, but 
 not so clear to his weak-headed wife. The father did, 
 indeed, obtain her consent to take the boy over to Eng- 
 land, and let him see his uncle and aunt, the Doughtys, 
 at Upton, in Dorsetshire, and his uncle, Sir Henry, at 
 the ancestral home down in Hampshire. But Roger was 
 then but a child, and as he grew older Mrs. Tichborne 
 became more than ever resolute in her determination 
 that, come what might, her darling should be a French- 
 man. What cared she for the old Hampshire traditions? 
 France was to her the only land worth living in ; a 
 Frenchman's life was the only life worthy of the name 
 Her dear Roger might succeed to the title and estates 
 but she could not bear the thought of his going to Eng- 
 land. It was, in her imagination, a land of cold, bleak 
 rains and unwholesome fogs. But it was worse ; it was 
 the country of a people who had been false to their 
 ancient faith. Even the Tichbornes, though still Catho-
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. ii 
 
 lies, had not always been true to their religion. Why 
 should her Roger go to live in that wilderness of in- 
 fidelity, when there was France, and above all Paris, open 
 to him, and friends and connections formed there from 
 childhood always ready to welcome him ? For herself at 
 least, France must be her home, and the idea of parting 
 with her Roger was hateful. The result of all this was 
 that Mrs. Tichborne had planned out for the future heir 
 of Tichborne a life of perpetual absenteeism. He 
 ■should marry into some distinguished family in France ; 
 or if Italy should furnish him a bride, nothing short of a 
 Princess should share his fortune. If he went into the 
 army it should be in some foreign service. But in no 
 case should he go to Tichborne, or set foot in England 
 again, if she could help it. 
 
 It has been remarked that Mr. James Tichborne was 
 like many other weak men who have a self-willed wife. 
 He put off the inevitable day when on some point of 
 duty it is necessary to decide upon a course, and take it. 
 Finally, he achieved his purpose by a ruse. Roger was 
 in his seventeenth year when the news arrived that Sir 
 Henry had died. It was right that Mr. James Tichborne 
 should be present at his brother's funeral, and reason- 
 able that he should take with him his eldest son, Roger. 
 Accordingly, Roger took leave of his mother under 
 solemn injunctions to return quickly. But Mr. Tich- 
 borne had no intention of allowing his son to return. 
 The boy attended the funeral of his uncle at the old 
 chapel at Tichborne, went to his grandfather's place at 
 Knoyle, and thence, by the advice of relations and 
 friends, and with the consent of the boy himself, he was 
 taken down to the famous Roman Catholic College at 
 Stonyhurst, and there placed in the seminary with the 
 class of students known as "philosophers." When Mrs. 
 Tichborne learned that this step had been completed her
 
 12 MEMORIES OF 
 
 fury knew no bounds. Roger wrote her kind and filial 
 letters in French — ill-spelt it is true, but admirably 
 worded, and testifying an amount of good sense, which 
 promised well for his manhood. But Mrs. Tichborne 
 gave no reply, and for twelve months the son, though, 
 longing ardently for a letter, got no token of affection 
 from the resentful mother. Yet Mrs. Tichborne was not 
 the person to see her son removed from her control with- 
 out an effort. She upbraided her husband violently, and 
 there was a renewal of the old scenes in the Tichborne 
 household ; but Roger was now far away, and the dan- 
 ger of Mr. Tichborne's yielding in a momentary fit of 
 weakness was at an end. Meanwhile the mother wrote 
 violent letters to the heads of the college, exposing 
 family troubles in a way which called forth a sorrowful 
 but wise remonstrance from the lad himself. Roger was 
 now growing to manhood, but so little was this fact re- 
 garded by the mother who had kept him in tutelage so 
 long that she planned a scheme in concert with one. 
 Jolivalt, who had been a tutor of Roger, for kidnapping 
 the youth, and bearing him out of the Pagan territory of 
 Lancashire into the Christian land of France. The con- 
 spirators actually started on their expedition, but got no 
 further than Boulogne. The result, however, would cer- 
 tainly not have been more satisfactory to them even if 
 they had got to Stonyhurst. The truth was that fronfL 
 the moment when he escaped from the harassing and in- 
 cessant control of the mother the boy had become a 
 man. He had already a fund of sound common sense, he. 
 was fully alive to the necessity of study, more than that 
 he had a judgment and a will of his own, as henceforth 
 all who came in contact with Roger Tichborne quickly 
 discovered. What was the precise nature of his studies 
 at Stonyhurst, and what progress he made in them, are. 
 questions that have been much debated, but it is certaim
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL, 13 
 
 that he applied himself resolutely to the study of Eng- 
 lish, and made such progress that, although he could 
 never speak it with so much purity and command of 
 words as when conversing in his mother tongue, he learnt 
 to write it with only occasional errors in spelling and 
 construction. In Latin he made some progress, and in 
 mathematics still more. He attended voluntarily classes 
 on chemistry, and his letters evidence an inclination for 
 the study both of science and polite literature. 
 
 The three years which Roger Tichborne spent at 
 Stonyhurst were probably the happiest of his life. He 
 had many school friends, and what was more, in his vaca- 
 tions he made the acquaintance and gradually won the 
 affection of a very large circle of relatives. There was 
 his grandfather, Seymour, who, though for family reasons 
 he was never called by that title, soon became accus- 
 tomed to see the youth from Paris at the picturesque 
 house down at Knoyle, and the sons and daughters of 
 Mr. Seymour became to Roger something more than 
 cousins. The six surviving daughters of Sir Henry had 
 all married, and were settled in various parts of England, 
 and at their houses the lad who had no home of his own 
 found a kind reception. But there was one house above 
 all others to which Roger Tichborne was happy to go, 
 and it is some evidence of the amiable character of the 
 youth that after a short time there was no place to 
 which he went with a more certain anticipation of a joy- 
 ful welcome. This was the house at Tichborne, then in 
 possession of his father's brother, Sir Edward Doughty. 
 There was a certain amount of delicacy in his position 
 towards his uncle and his aunt. Lady Doughty, which 
 cannot but be intelligible to any one who has the least 
 knowledge of human failings. It is not in the nature of 
 things that either Lady Doughty or her husband could 
 have been greatly predisposed towards the youthful
 
 14 MEMORIES OF 
 
 stranger, and Roger was shy and reserved and over-sen- 
 sitive. He had the misfortune to stand in the place- 
 which they must once have ardently hoped that their 
 dead child would have lived to inherit. Sir Edward, too, 
 was in failing health, and his brother James was an old 
 man. The time, therefore, could not be distant when 
 this youth, with his foreign habits and his strong French 
 accent, would take possession of Tichborne Park with all 
 the ancient lands. More than that, he would come into 
 absolute possession of the new Doughty property, in- 
 cluding the beautiful residence of Upton, near Poole in 
 Dorsetshire, for which the Doughty family had so strong 
 an affection. It was through Sir Edward alone that this 
 property had been acquired, but the lady who had be- 
 queathed it to him had no notion of founding a second 
 family ; in time all the lands and houses in various coun- 
 ties bequeathed by her, as well as those which were pur- 
 chased by trustees under her will, were to go to swell the 
 Tichborne estates, and to increase the grandeur and re- 
 nown of the old Catholic family. Upton was indeed the 
 favorite home of the Doughtys. Sir Edward, who had 
 been in the West Indies, had returned thence with his 
 black servant, named Andrew Bogle, then a boy, and had 
 married and settled, doubtless for a long time looking on 
 Upton as their home for life. It cost them a pang to re- 
 move even to the house at Tichborne. It was at Upton 
 that their only surviving child, Miss Kate Doughty, had 
 spent all her early years, and to return there and enjoy 
 the fresh sea breezes in the summer holidays was always 
 a delight. It was hard to think that even Upton must 
 pass from them, and that the day was probably not far 
 distant when there would be nothing left for them but to 
 yield up their home and estates to the new comer, and 
 retire even upon a widow's handsome jointure and the 
 fortune of Miss Kate. But if such feelings ever passed
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 15 
 
 through the minds of the family at Tichborne they could 
 have been only transient. The shy, pale-faced boy with 
 the long, dark locks came always to Tichborne in his 
 holidays, making his way steadily in the favor of that 
 household, and this not from interested motives on the 
 part of Lady Doughty, as has been falsely alleged, and 
 triumphantly disproved, but clearly from something in 
 the nature of the youth which disarmed ill-feeling. It is 
 curious to observe in the letters which Roger Tichborne 
 was so fond of writing to his friends the evidences of how 
 soon the English instincts that had been so carefully 
 suppressed by his French mother began to assert them- 
 selves. He took delight in country life, and though he 
 did not bring down the partridges in the woods or throw 
 the fly upon the surface of the Itchen with a degree of 
 skill that would command much respect in the county of 
 Hants, he did his best, and really liked the out-door life. 
 In hunting he took a genuine delight from the time when 
 he donned his first scarlet coat, with the regulation but- 
 tons of the Hampshire Hunt, and he rarely, when at his 
 uncle's, missed an opportunity of appearing at '' the 
 meet " in that neighborhood. Country gentlemen saw 
 and approved, and the offense of an heir to Tichborne 
 being half a Frenchman was probably soon condoned in 
 the face of such genuine proof of sympathy with an 
 English country gentleman's pastime. 
 
 The time had now come when Roger should think of 
 a profession, and Mr. James Tichborne again gave mortal 
 offense to his wife by determining that the young man 
 should go into the army. Mrs. Tichborne was shocked 
 and amazed that the English army should be chosen, 
 when Roger could easily have gone into a foreign ser- 
 vice, and storms were again brewing in Paris ; but poor 
 Mr. Tichborne made up his mind to bear the brunt of 
 her displeasure at his pursuing a course so natural as that
 
 i6 MEMORIES OF 
 
 of choosing an English Hfe for his son and heir. Among 
 
 the cousins of Roger — daughters of Sir Henry — was one 
 
 who had married Colonel William Greenwood, of the 
 
 Grenadier Guards. Their house at Brookwood was but 
 
 half an hour's ride from Tichborne, and Roger was fond 
 
 of visiting there. Colonel William's brother George was 
 
 also in the army, and Colonel George took kindly to 
 
 Roger, was fond of the youth, and determined to do his 
 
 best to get him on. So he took him one morning to the 
 
 Horse Guards, and introduced him to Lord Fitzroy 
 
 Somerset, the Commander-in-Chief, afterwards better 
 
 known as Lord Raglan, who promised him a commission. 
 
 There was a little delay in keeping this promise, but the 
 
 young man did not go troubling uncles again, but took 
 
 the self-reliant course of writing direct to the Horse 
 
 Guards, to remind the Commander-in-Chief of what he 
 
 had said ; and before long Mr. Roger Charles Tichborne 
 
 was gazetted a cornet in the 6th Dragoons, better known 
 
 as the Carabineers. Roger had been studying hard both 
 
 at Tichborne and at Mr. Seymour's house in Grosvenor 
 
 Square at military matters. He passed his examination 
 
 at Sandhurst satisfactorily, and went straight over to 
 
 Dublin to join his regiment. From Dublin he went to 
 
 the south of Ireland, and twice he came over to England 
 
 on short visits. He went through the painful ordeal of 
 
 practical joking which awaited every young officer in 
 
 those days, and came out of it, not without annoyance 
 
 and an occasional display of resentment, yet, on the 
 
 whole, in a way which conciliated his brother officers, 
 
 and no man was more liked in the regiment than Roger 
 
 Tichborne, affectionately nicknamed among them 
 
 " Teesh." In 1852 the Carabineers came over and 
 
 were quartered at Canterbury. They expected then to 
 
 be sent to India, but the order was countermanded, and 
 
 Roger with chagrin saw himself doomed apparently
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 17 
 
 to a life of inaction. With chagrin, for he was now 
 weary of life in England, for a reason that was well 
 known at the old home in Hampshire, but which was as 
 yet a secret even from Mr. James and Mrs. Tichborne. 
 
 There is a letter of Roger Tichborne among the mass 
 of correspondence which he kept up at this, and indeed 
 at every other period of his grown-up life, in which he 
 'notices the fact that his mother still dwelt upon her old 
 idea of providing him with a wife in the shape of one of 
 those Italian princesses of which he had heard so much. 
 The lady who had sprung from the great House of 
 Bourbon Conti would have nothing less in rank for her 
 ■son, and Italian princesses were, to her mind, not difiticult 
 to find, "though," said Roger, in the letter referred to, 
 ^* I would not give a sixpence for a whole wagon-load of 
 them." In fact, Roger's heart had already no place un- 
 occupied. 
 
 In all his visits to Tichborne, though on one occasion 
 he had stayed there many months, Roger had for many 
 years never met his cousin. Miss Kate Doughty, the only 
 •child of his aunt and uncle. He had seen her long be- 
 fore, when he came over as a child from Paris on a visit, 
 but Miss Doughty was too young at that time to have 
 retained much impression of the little dark-haired 
 French boy, who could hardly have said " Good morn- 
 ing, cousin," in her native tongue. Some dim recollec- 
 tion that they rode on ponies together in the grounds at 
 Upton, attended by a servant, may have remained ; but 
 •since then Roger Tichborne had grown to manhood, and 
 his cousin herself was coming to the close of her school- 
 days. It was at this critical period, Roger being then 
 twenty years of age, that they met for a few days at 
 Bath, where both had come on the melancholy duty of 
 taking leave of Mr. Seymour, then lying dangerously ill 
 and near his death. Then they parted again ; Roger 
 n. — 2
 
 i8 MEMORIES OF 
 
 went to Tichborne for a long stay, but Miss Doughty re- 
 turned to school at the convent at Taunton. In the 
 Midsummer holidays, however, they once more met at 
 the house in Hampshire, and for six weeks the young 
 cousins saw each other daily. Then Miss Doughty went 
 away to Scotland with her parents ; but the " cousin 
 from Paris "was assiduous, and took upon himself the 
 pleasant duty of going to see the party take their de- • 
 parture from St. Katherine's Wharf. The cool, bright 
 days of October found the party again assembled in the 
 walks and gardens of Tichborne Park. But the sterner 
 business of life was approaching. Roger took farewell 
 of uncle, aunt, and cousin, that month, to go to Ireland 
 and join his regiment, and Miss Doughty, whose school- 
 days were not yet ended, went down to a convent at 
 Newhall, in Essex, there to continue her studies. When 
 Roger got a short leave of absence, his first thought was 
 to visit his uncle and aunt, who had so affectionate a re- 
 gard for him. There was a summer visit to Upton, in 
 Dorsetshire, for a week, when Miss Doughty happened to 
 be there ; and there was a visit to Tichborne in January, 
 1850, when there were great festivities, for Roger at- 
 tained his majority on the fifth of that month ; and there 
 were family balls and servants' balls, and trees planted in 
 honor of the occasion. But again the cousins took fare- 
 well, and, as cruel Fate ordained, met no more for a year 
 and a half. 
 
 It was no wonder that Roger loved Tichborne, with 
 all its associations. In that well-ordered and affectionate 
 household he found a tranquillity and happiness to which 
 he had been a stranger in his own home. In his cor- 
 respondence with his father and mother at this time 
 there were no lack of tokens of a loving son ; but no 
 one was more sensible than Roger of the miseries of that 
 life which he had led up to the ever-blessed day when
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 19 
 
 he came away to pursue his studies at the Jesuit College, 
 and to learn to be an Englishman. He felt deeply for 
 his father, and the sorrows which domestic differences 
 caused him, and for a long time there were no happier 
 days for the young officer of Dragoons than those 
 which he spent with Mr. James Tichborne when he 
 came over on brief visits. But Tichborne had come to 
 be his home. He knew all the green lanes and fields for 
 many a mile around : and the dull sound of his horse's 
 hoofs upon the turf of the chalk downs was music in 
 his ears. But there was another association — deeper 
 and more tender — long unsuspected, yet growing 
 steadily, until it absorbed all his thoughts, and gave 
 to that neighborhood a glory and a light invisible to 
 other eyes. Roger had spent many happy hours with 
 his cousin ; she had grown in those few years from a 
 girl almost into a woman, and he had come to love her 
 deeply. 
 
 To Miss Doughty he said not a word ; to Sir Edward 
 he dared not speak ; but one day Roger took an oppor- 
 tunity of confiding to Lady Doughty the new secret of 
 his life. To his great joy his aunt did not discourage 
 the idea; but Miss Doughty was still but a girl of 
 fifteen ; and there was the grave objection — more than 
 ordinarily grave in the eyes of professors of their 
 religion — that the twain were first cousins. Still, Catho- 
 lic first cousins do marry with the leave of the Church ; 
 and Lady Doughty had too much regard for her nephew 
 to feel displeasure at the thought of his being united to 
 them by a closer tie. But there were important con- 
 ditions. If the day was ever to come when she could 
 allow him to speak with his cousin on the footing of 
 lovers, he must reform his habits. Though Roger was 
 of a kind and considerate disposition, truthful, honor- 
 able, and scrupulous in points of duty, he had certain
 
 20 MEMORIES OF 
 
 habits which assumed serious proportions in the mind of 
 a lady so strict in notions of propriety. He had, even in 
 Paris, acquired the habit of smoking immoderately. In 
 the regiment he had been compelled, by evil customs then 
 prevailing, to go through a noviciate in the matter of 
 imbibing " military port ; " and his habits had followed 
 him to Tichborne, where the odor of pipes haunted the 
 terrace-walks throughout his visits ; and — horror of 
 horrors — the young officer had been seen at least on one 
 occasion, in a state of preternaturally high spirits, only 
 to be explained by his having lingered in the dining- 
 room too long after the retirement of the ladies. Even 
 worse, he was accustomed to bring in his portmanteau 
 French novels, which were decidedly objectionable, 
 though few young men — or, at least, few young French- 
 men — would probably regard it as much sin to read 
 them. So little did the young man appreciate her 
 objections to this exciting kind of literature that he had 
 actually recommended to his aunt some stories, which 
 no amount of humor and cleverness could prevent that 
 pious lady regarding as debasing, and absolutely im- 
 moral. Now, that there seemed a prospect of her 
 nephew's destiny being united with that of a dear and 
 only child, it was natural enough that the mother's 
 standard of perfection in a son-in-law should rise even 
 above a reasonable height. But Jacob toiled seven 
 years for Rachel; and what would Roger not do to 
 please the mother of the young lady whom he loved so 
 deeply ? All sorts of pledges were given ; all kinds of 
 good resolutions taken ; and manful efforts were made to 
 attain to the ideal life which he had resolved upon. 
 But among the distinguished society in which Roger, in 
 common with the other officers, freely mingled, in Dub- 
 lin, Cahir, Waterford, and Clonmel, Lady Doughty had 
 ** good-natured friends," who gave terrible accounts of
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 21 
 
 barrack life, and the dissipation of young Carabineers. 
 To tell the truth, such idle practical jokes as attiring 
 a young donkey in bedgown and nightcap, and tying 
 him down in the bed of a young brother officer, were 
 not the most innocent of the escapades of young men 
 who, with health and strength, and large capacity for 
 work, were compelled, to a great extent, to lead an idle 
 life. Mess dinners could not be avoided, and occasional 
 deep potations were only to be escaped by the most 
 resolute self-will. How Lady Doughty felt under all 
 this will be best shown by the following extract from one 
 of her letters, among that voluminous mass of Roger 
 Tichborne's correspondence, which may be said to have 
 been almost miraculously preserved : — 
 
 " 1850. Tichborne Park, begun 29 Jan., finished 31st. 
 
 " My dearest Roger, — After three weeks being be- 
 tween life and death, it has pleased God to restore me so 
 far that I have this day, for the first time, been in the 
 wheel-chair to the drawing-room, and I hasten to begin 
 my thanks to you for your letters, especially that private 
 one, though it may yet be some days before I finish all 
 I wish to say to you, for I am yet very weak, and my 
 eyes scarcely allow of reading or writing. . . . Re- 
 member, dear Roger, that by that conversation in town 
 you gave me every right to be deeply interested in your 
 fate, and, therefore, doubly do I feel grieved when I see 
 you abusing that noblest of God's gifts to man, reason, 
 by diminishing its power. ... I cannot recall to my 
 mind the subject you say I was beginning in the draw- 
 ing-room when interrupted ; probably it might have had 
 reference to the confidence which you say you do not 
 repent having placed in me. No, dear Roger, never re- 
 pent it ; be fully assured that I never shall betray that 
 confidence. You are young, and intercourse with life 
 and the society you must mix with, might very possibly
 
 22 MEMORIES OF 
 
 change your feelings towards one now dear to you, or 
 rather, settle them into the affection of a brother towards 
 a sister ; but, whatever may be the case hereafter, my 
 line of duty is marked out, and ought steadily to be fol- 
 lowed — that is, not to encourage anything that could 
 fetter the future choice of either party, before they had 
 fully seen others, and mixed with the world, and with 
 all the fond care of a mother, endeavor, while she is yet 
 so young, to prevent her heart and mind from being 
 occupied by ideas not suited to what should be her 
 present occupations, and hereafter, with the blessing of 
 God, guard her against the dangers she may be liable to 
 be ensnared into by the position in which she is placed. 
 . . . You have been, I rejoice to hear, raised in the 
 opinion of all with whom you have lately had to trans- 
 act business, by your firmness and decision. You are in 
 an honorable profession, which gives you occupation. 
 . . . Resist drink or a rash throwing away life, or 
 wasting in any way the energies of a naturally strong, 
 sensible mind, and really attached heart. Now, write to 
 me soon ; tell me truly if I have tried your patience by 
 this long letter which I venture to send, for it is when 
 returning to life, as I now feel, that renewed love to all 
 dear to one seems to take possession of our hearts, so 
 you must forgive it if you find it long. Your uncle and 
 cousin send their kindest love. Adieu, dearest Roger, 
 ever be assured of the sincere affection and real attach- 
 ment of your aunt, Katherine Doughty." 
 
 In replying to letters of this kind, the young man pro- 
 tested that his failings had been exaggerated, and there 
 is a trace of vexation that Lady Doughty should have 
 lent an ear to reports of his manner of life which were 
 colored in an unfriendly way ; but there was no abate- 
 ment in the affectionate terms on which he stood with 
 his aunt at Tichborne.
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 23 
 
 Matters, however, could not long go on in this fashion. 
 As yet Roger Tichborne had never spoken of his love to 
 Miss Doughty, though it cannot be doubted that some 
 tokens had revealed that secret. Years after these 
 events, Miss Doughty, then Lady Radcliffe, was com- 
 pelled, in vindication of herself, and for the sake of the 
 rights of others so cruelly assailed, to stand up in a 
 crowded court of justice and re-open those old sorrows. 
 She was then asked kindly by the Judge, whether she 
 did not at that time know that her cousin loved her, and 
 with a simple frankness, she answered, promptly, " My 
 Lord, I hoped he. did." But love must find expression in 
 something more than hints and tokens, or even hopes. 
 So at last came the inevitable time. It was Christmas 
 Eve, 185 1, that Roger joyfully set foot in Tichborne 
 Park once more. That was a happy meeting in all but 
 the fact that Sir Edward Doughty was in weak health. 
 Nothing else clouded the unspoken happiness of the 
 young pair, except, perhaps, the fact that both knew 
 that neither Miss Doughty's father, nor the father and 
 mother of Roger Tichborne as yet knew anything of 
 their growing attachment. But young people are hope- 
 ful in such matters, and think but little of the future. 
 Meanwhile, however. Sir Edward had begun to observe 
 how much time the cousins spent together. Miss 
 Doughty had given Roger a keepsake volume of Father 
 Faber's hymns, and there was an exchange of gifts. 
 Suddenly the truth flashed across the mind of the father, 
 and he was vexed and angry. It was on a Sunday morn- 
 ing ; the two cousins had been walking in the garden, 
 enjoying the bright winter day, and they were sitting 
 together at breakfast, when a message came that Sir 
 Edward desired to see his nephew in the library. 
 
 The bolt had fallen. Roger did not come back to the 
 breakfast-table ; but the eyes of the cousins met sorrow-
 
 24 MEMORIES OF 
 
 fully in the chapel, and in the afternoon, with Lady 
 Doughty's permission, they saw each other in the draw- 
 ing-room, to take farewell. For Sir Edward's fiat had 
 gone forth. Marriage between first cousins was for- 
 bidden by the Church, and there were other reasons why 
 he was resolute that this engagement should be broken 
 off before it grew more serious. So the happy holiday 
 was cut short, and it was arranged that on the very next 
 morning early the young man should leave the house for- 
 ever. Thus the great hope of Roger's life was suddenly 
 extinguished, and there was nothing left for him but to 
 sail with his regiment for India, and endeavor, if he 
 could, to forget the past. Some days after that, at his 
 cousin's request, he wrote out for her a narrative of his 
 sorrows at this time, in which he said : — 
 
 "What I felt when I left my uncle, it is difficult forme 
 to explain. I was like thunderstruck. I came back to- 
 my room, and tried to pack up my things, but was 
 obliged to give up the attempt, as my mind was quite 
 absent. I sank on a chair, and remained there, my head 
 buried between my two knees, for more than half an 
 hour. What was the nature of my thoughts, my dearest 
 K., you may easily imagine. To think that I was 
 obliged to leave you the next day, not to see you again 
 — not, perhaps, for years, if ever I came back from- 
 India. The idea was breaking my heart. It passed on^ 
 giving me no relief, until about two o'clock, when my 
 aunt told me that you wished to see me. That news 
 gave me more pleasure than I could express — so much- 
 so, that I never could have expected it. The evening 
 that I saw you, my dear K., about five o'clock, you can- 
 not conceive what pleasure it gave me. I saw you felt 
 my going away, so I determined to tell you everything 
 I felt towards you. What I told you it is not necessary 
 to repeat, as I suppose you remember it. When I came
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 25 
 
 away from the drawing-room, my mind was so much 
 oppressed that it was impossible to think of going to 
 bed. I stopped up until two o'clock in the morning. I 
 do not think it necessary, my dearest K., to tire you with 
 all the details of what I have felt for you during these 
 two days ; suffice it to say, that I never felt more acute 
 pain, especially during the night, when I could not 
 sleep. I promise to my own dearest Kate, on my word 
 and honor, that I will be back in England, if she is not 
 married, or engaged, towards the end of the autumn of 
 1854, or the month of January, 1855. If she is so 
 engaged, I shall remain in India for ten or fifteen years, 
 and shall wish for her happiness, which I shall be too 
 happy to promote." 
 
 The young pair had not, however, given up hope of 
 some change. Though Lady Doughty had a secret 
 dread of her nephew's habits, she had a strong regard for 
 him, and would be certain to plead his cause. But, in a 
 very few days, circumstances unexpectedly favored his 
 suit. Sir Edward's malady grew worse, the physicians 
 despaired, and he believed himself near his end. At 
 such times the will is weaker, and he had probably 
 observed the sorrow which his determination had caused 
 to his only child. Hence, perhaps, it was that Roger was 
 sent for, hurriedly, to take farewell of his uncle. As 
 Roger approached the sick bed, his uncle addressed him 
 in these words, which the young man noted down imme- 
 diately afterwards, for Miss Doughty's eyes: — 
 
 " I know, my dear Roger, the mutual attachment 
 which exists between you and your cousin. If you were 
 not so near related, I should not object at all to a mar- 
 riage between you two, but, however, wait three years ; 
 then, if the attachment still exists between you, and yoi! 
 can get your father's consent and also leave from the
 
 26 MEMORIES OF 
 
 Church, it will be the will of God, and I will not object 
 to it any longer." 
 
 To which the nephew answered : — 
 
 " Ever since I have had the pleasure of knowing you 
 and my cousin, I have always tried to act towards you 
 two in the most honorable way I possibly could. The 
 Church, as you know, grants dispensations on these 
 occasions. Of course, if you approve of it, I will get 
 my father's consent, and also leave from the Church, 
 and do it in an honorable way in the eyes of God and 
 of the world." 
 
 Days passed, and Roger sat up night after night in at- 
 tendance on his uncle's sick bed. It was during those 
 tedious watchings that he again wrote, at Miss Doughty's 
 request, a narrative of his feelings: — 
 
 " Tichborne Park, Feb. 4, 1852 (1:30 A. M.) 
 
 " I shall go on (he said) with my confessions, only ask- 
 ing for some indulgence if you find them too long and 
 too tedious. You are, my dearest K., the only one for 
 whom I have formed so strong and sincere an attach- 
 ment. I never could have believed, a few years ago, I 
 was able to get so attached to another. You are the 
 only young person who has shown me some kindness, 
 for which I feel very thankful. It is, in some respects, 
 rather a painful subject for me to have to acknowledge 
 my faults ; but, as I have undertaken the task, I must 
 write all I have done, and what have been my thoughts, 
 for the last five weeks. I had a very wrong idea when I 
 left Ireland. It was this — I thought that you had 
 entirely forgotten me. I was, nevertheless, very anxious 
 to come to Tichborne, for a short time, to take a last 
 farewell of you, my uncle, and my aunt. My mind and 
 heart were then so much oppressed by these thoughts, 
 that it was my intention not to come back from India 
 for ten or fifteen years. I loved you, my dearest K., as
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 27 
 
 dearly as ever. I would have done anything in this 
 world to oblige you, and give you more of that happi- 
 ness which I hoped I might see you enjoy. I would 
 have given my life for your happiness' sake.. To have 
 seen all these things, I repeat again, with a dry eye and 
 an unbroken heart, or for a person who has a strong 
 feeling of attachment towards another, to behold it, is 
 almost beyond human power. These feelings will arise 
 when I shall be thousands of miles from you, but I have 
 taken my pains and sorrows, and your happiness in this 
 world, and said a prayer that you might bear the pains 
 and sorrows of this world with courage and resignation, 
 and, by these means, be happy in the next. When I 
 came here, I found I had been mistaken in the opinion I 
 had formed, and I reproached myself bitterly, for ever 
 having such an idea. It is not necessary for me to men- 
 tion that I got rid of these bad thoughts in a few min- 
 utes. Things went on happily until Sunday, January 11, 
 1852, when I was sent for by my uncle, at breakfast. 
 What took place between us, I think it unnecessary to 
 repeat, as you know already. I was obliged to leave the 
 next morning, by the first train, for London. I never 
 felt before so deeply in my life, what it was to part with 
 the only person I ever loved. How deeply I felt, I can- 
 not express, but I shall try to explain as much of it as I 
 -can in the next chapter. 
 
 " What I have suffered last night I cannot easily ex- 
 plain. You do not know, my own dearest K., what are 
 my feelings towards you. You cannot conceive how 
 much I loved you. It breaks my heart, my own dearest 
 K., to think how long I shall be without seeing you. I 
 do feel that more than I can tell you. You have the 
 comfort of a home, and, moreover, at some time or 
 other, some person to whom you can speak, and who 
 will comfort you. I have none. I am thrown on the
 
 28 MEMORIES OF 
 
 world quite alone, without a friend, nothing ; but, how- 
 ever, I shall try and take courage, and, I hope that when 
 you will see me in three years, you will find a change for 
 the better. I shall employ these three years to reform 
 my conduct, and become all that you wish to see me. I 
 shall never, my own, my dearest K., forget the few 
 moments I have spent with you, but, on the contraiy, I 
 shall only consider them as the happiest of my life. You 
 cannot imagine how much pleasure your letter has given 
 me. It proved to me, far beyond any possible doubt, 
 what are your feelings towards me. I did not, it is true, 
 require that proof to know how you felt for me. It is 
 for that reason that I thank you most sincerely for that 
 proof of confidence, by expressing yourself so kindly 
 and openly to me. You may rest assured, my own 
 dearest K., that nothing in this world will prevent me, 
 except death in actual service, from coming back from 
 India at the time I have named to you — the latter part 
 of the autumn of 1854, or the beginning of 1855. It 
 will be a great comfort for me, my own dearest K., when 
 I shall be in India, to think of you. It will be, I may 
 say, the only pleasure I shall have to think of, the first 
 person I ever loved. You may rest assured, that nothing 
 in the world will make me change. Moreover, if you 
 wish me to come back sooner, only write to me, and I 
 shall not remain five minutes in the army more than I 
 can help. I shall always be happy to comply with your 
 wishes, and come back as soon as possible. Again rest 
 assured, my dearest K., that, if in any situation of life 
 I can be of help or service to you, I shall only be too 
 happy, my dearest K., to serve and oblige you. 
 
 " Your very affectionate cousin, 
 
 " R. C. TiCHBORNE." 
 
 Roger Tichborne went back to his regiment in Ire- 
 land, soon after that ; but the Carabineers were finally
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 29 
 
 removed to Canterbury, and in the summer he again got 
 leave of absence, which he spent with his aunt and cou- 
 sin in London, and finally at Tichborne. This was a joy- 
 ful meeting, but the happiness of the young pair was 
 tinged with melancholy forebodings, for it was under- 
 stood that they were then to bid good-bye for many 
 a day. The time when they would be permitted to re- 
 gard each other as irrevocably engaged, was yet far dis- 
 tant. Nearly three years, indeed, were still to elapse, 
 and the hard condition was that each should be regarded 
 as free during that period, and that they should not even 
 see each other. Roger begged hard to be allowed to 
 write, but even that was forbidden, and he honorably 
 observed the parents' wishes. The test was, perhaps, 
 little in his eyes ; but would Miss Doughty, in all that 
 long time of absence, form no other attachment ? or, 
 would not her parents seek to escape from a reluctant 
 compromise, by even encouraging other suitors? There 
 was some amount of bitterness in the young man's heart 
 when he thought of these things, but he had a scheme 
 for wearing away the time, and, come what would, he 
 would endeavor to be hopeful. 
 
 It was on the 22nd of June, 1852, that the young peo- 
 ple walked together for the last time, in the garden of 
 Tichborne House, where Roger had spent so many 
 checkered days. They talked of the future hopefully, 
 but it was a hard task to keep heart. For her comfort, 
 however, he told her a secret. Some months before that 
 time he had made a vow, and written out and signed it, 
 solemnly. It was in these words: — 
 
 " I make on this day, a promise, that if I marry my 
 cousin, Kate Doughty, this year, or before three years 
 are over, at the latest, to build a church or chapel at 
 Tichborne, to the Holy Virgin, in thanksgiving for the
 
 V 
 
 30 MEMORIES OF 
 
 protection which she has showed us, in praying God that 
 our wishes might be fulfilled. 
 
 " R. C. TiCHBORNE." 
 
 In the eyes of good Catholics such a solemn promise 
 was a pledge of future happiness, and, thus, on the 22nd 
 of June, the two were parted, henceforth never to meet 
 again in this world. 
 
 Roger went back to his regiment, and indulged his 
 habitual melancholy. He gave up all parties of pleasure. 
 To his great regret, the order of the Carabineers to go to 
 India had been countermanded ; but he had no intention 
 of leading the dull round of barrack life in Canterbury. 
 He had determined to go abroad for a year and a half or 
 two years ; by that time the allotted period of trial 
 would be near an end. It has been said, by his enemies, 
 that he " choose to go on a wild and wandering expedi- 
 tion, the motives of which few could understand." But, 
 there is no difficulty in understanding the motives of 
 Roger Tichborne, when we read the numerous letters 
 which he wrote at this period. He had determined to 
 leave a profession which offered no outlet for his ener- 
 gies. The tame round of the cities and picture-galleries 
 of Europe, — the regulation programme of travel, which, 
 in the last century, used to be known as "the grand 
 tour," had no charms for him. Among the many books 
 which he read at this time, were the Indian romances of 
 Chateaubriand, "Rene," " Attilla," and " Le Dernier 
 Abencerrage," wherein, amidst much verbiage, is a capti- 
 vating story of a young Frenchman, who, in past times, 
 went away, to forget his troubles by visiting the Indian 
 tribes in the forests of Florida, and the wild prairies of 
 Louisiana and New Mexico. How deeply these stories 
 impressed his mind, is apparent in his letters to Lady 
 Doughty. " Happy (he says) was the life of Ren6. He 
 knew how to take his troubles with courage, and keep
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 31 
 
 them to himself, — retired from all his friends, to be 
 more at liberty to think about his sorrows and misfor- 
 tunes, and buiy them in himself. I admire that man for 
 his courage — that is, the courage to carry those sorrows 
 to the grave which drove him into solitude." But the 
 prairies of Louisiana have, since Rene's time, become ->[ 
 peopled, and the traveler may now look in vain for In- j 
 dians in the wilds of Florida. South America promised 
 a richer harvest of savage life and picturesque scenery, 
 and his thoughts had long before been directed to that 
 country. Among his intimate friends and schoolfellows at 
 Stonyhurst, was Mr. Edward Waterton, whose father, the 
 celebrated naturalist, had given to the college a collection 
 of stuffed foreign birds, and other preserved animals ; and, 
 there can be no doubt, that the famous narratives of ad- 
 venture in South America, of that distinguished traveler, 
 were among the books which Roger and other college 
 friends read at that period. Perhaps, no book of travel 
 more fascinating for youthful readers was ever written 
 than Mr. Waterton's " Wanderings," in which he teaches 
 how to sleep in hammocks, in the luxuriant Peruvian 
 forests, and to snare the hideous caiman in the mighty 
 rivers of Brazil. How deeply the splendors of the natu- 
 ral history collection of Stonyhurst had impressed the 
 mind of the boy, is evidenced in the fact that Roger 
 took delight at school in practicing the art of preserving 
 birds and other animals ; while, long afterwards, in hum- 
 ble emulation of the great naturalist's achievement, he 
 gathered and sent home, when on his travels, many a 
 specimen of birds of splendid plumage. South America, 
 in short, had long been the subject of his dreams ; and 
 now, in traveling in that vast continent, he would tiy to 
 find occupation for the mind, and get through the long 
 time of waiting, which he had undertaken to bear 
 patiently. His scheme was to spend a twelvemonth in
 
 32 MEMORIES OF 
 
 Chili, Guayaquil, and Peru, seeing, not only wild scenes, 
 but famous cities ; thence to visit Mexico, and so, byway 
 of the United States, find his way back to England. 
 
 Having taken this resolution, he set about putting his 
 affairs in order, for Roger Tichborne, though endowed 
 with strong passions, was a man of business-like habits, 
 and by no means prone to neglect his worldly interests. 
 When he came of age, he had himself sketched out a 
 new settlement of the great Tichborne and Doughty 
 estates, and his resolute will resulted in his plans being 
 adopted. There had been a desire to sell the house and 
 grounds of Upton, in Dorsetshire ; but for this, his con- 
 sent, as the ultimate heir, was necessary, and he insisted 
 that the property should remain in the family. Upton 
 was the early home of Miss Doughty ; he knew of her 
 affection for the place, and he had conceived a plan for 
 making it her home again, whenever he should have 
 power to dispose of it. In this spirit he made his will, 
 — saying, however, as he remarked in one of his letters, 
 " nothing about the church or chapel at Tichborne," 
 which, he said, he would only build under the conditions 
 mentioned in the paper which he had left in the hands 
 of his dearest and most trusted friend, Mr. Gosford, the 
 steward of the family estates. In truth, months before 
 the day when he gave Miss Doughty that copy of " The 
 Vow," in the garden at Tichborne, he had solemnly 
 signed and sealed up this compact with his own con- 
 science, and deposited it, with other precious mementos 
 of that time, in his friend's safe-keeping. Parting with 
 friends in England cost him, perhaps, but little sorrow, 
 for his mind was full of projects to be carried into effect 
 on his return. He aspired to the character of a traveler, 
 and to be qualified for membership at the Travelers' 
 Club, where, in one of his letters while abroad, he re- 
 quests that his name may be inscribed as a candidate.
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 33 
 
 To his cousins, aunts, and uncles, at Knoyle, at Brook- 
 wood, and at Towneley, he promised to write frequent 
 letters. He had an old habit of keeping diaries, and he 
 promised to send extracts ; and, after all, the time would 
 not be long. 
 
 But, there was one house in which Roger Tichborne 
 shrank from saying farewell. He had made a solemn 
 resolution that he would go to Tichborne no more 
 while matters remained thus, and his pride was wounded 
 by what appeared to him to be a want of confidence in 
 his character, on the part of Lady Doughty. In his bit- 
 terness, he suspected her sometimes of merely playing 
 with his feelings, and, with secretly determining to bring 
 about another match for her daughter. In a worldly- 
 point of view, it is difficult to conceive a union more de- 
 sirable than that of the two cousins. But, it is clear, 
 that the mother trembled for the future of her child. 
 Hence, she still gave ready ear to tales of the wild life 
 of the regiment, and hinted them in her letters to her 
 nephew in a way that made him angry, but not vindic- 
 tive. The correspondence between aunt and nephew, 
 continued to the last, and, throughout his long travels, 
 affectionate and tender ; but her conduct in one point, 
 cut him to the quick. " I will not go to Tichborne," he y 
 thought, " to make a show of my misery to one who >^ 
 plays upon me thus." The idea of a formal parting was 
 hateful. He was asked kindly to go and see his uncle, 
 Sir Edward, before starting; but his will was inflexible, 
 and he went away, as he had all along said that he would, 
 resolved, like Rene, for awhile at least, " to have the ^ 
 courage to bury his sorrows within himself." Yet, how ' 
 deeply settled was the passion that had grown up so im- 
 perceptibly in those pleasant holidays at Tichborne, may 
 be traced, again and again, in his letters from South 
 America. Except from the mother, he is always craving 
 11.-3
 
 \ 
 
 34 MEMORIES OF 
 
 for news of the Tichborne circle. " Is Miss Doughty- 
 married?" he asks. " Has not one of those Scotch lords^ 
 for which my aunt has so much affection, been accepted? 
 I fully expect to see in some newspaper that is sent me^ 
 the news of my cousin's wedding." But these were but 
 the bitter outpourings of his wounded sensitiveness ; 
 they did not deceive his faithful friend Gosford, who ob- 
 served, with a smile, how the wanderer always harped 
 upon the old theme. 
 
 Roger Tichborne went away in February, and spent 
 nearly three weeks in Paris, with his father and mother, 
 and old friends of his early days. Lady Tichborne was 
 not unnaturally adverse to this plan of traveling ; and 
 she opposed it both by her own upbraidings, and by the 
 persuasion of spiritual advisers, who had influence over 
 her son. Chief of these was Father Lefevre, for whom 
 Roger had always felt so strong an affection. But it was 
 of no avail. Roger's character was of that class which 
 is not easily moved from a resolution once taken, and 
 the days when Lady Tichborne had dreamed of kidnap- 
 ping him at Stonyhurst were long gone by. He had 
 chosen to sail in a French vessel from Havre — La 
 Pauline — no doubt a gratifying token, in the eyes of his 
 mother, that he had not, after all, become heart and soul 
 an Englishman. The fact was, that although the young 
 man's diligent studies in England had resulted in a con- 
 siderable mastery of the power of writing in English^ 
 French was still his mother tongue. In writing, he 
 sometimes translated French idioms with a literalness 
 that was amusing to his friends, and not seldom, his 
 spelling of English words was incorrect ; besides which 
 he was often at a loss to find language to express his 
 thoughts with the readiness which is necessary in con- 
 versation. His voyage to Valparaiso was to last four 
 months, and thence he was going on in the same vessel
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. ' 35 
 
 to Peru. It was, doubtless, for these reasons that, 
 though he took an English servant with him, he preferred 
 a French ship, with a French captain and French sea- 
 men. Thus, it was, that on the ist of March, 1853, he 
 sailed away from Europe, never to return. 
 
 The incidents of Roger Tichborne's travels need not 
 occupy us long. The Pauline started with bad weather," 
 which detained her in the Channel, and compelled her to 
 put in at Falmouth, but, after that, she made a prosper- 
 ous voyage round Cape Horn to Valparaiso, where she 
 arrived on the 19th of June. As the vessel was to re- 
 main there a month, Mr. Tichborne, after spending a 
 week in Valparaiso, started, with his servant, John 
 Moore, to see Santiago, the capital of Chili, at about 
 ninety miles inland. Thence he returned and sailed for 
 Peru, where he embarked for places in the north. At 
 Santiago his servant had been taken ill, and, though re- 
 covering, ^Vas unfitted to travel. His master, thereupon, 
 furnished him with funds to set up a store, and took an- 
 other servant, with whom he underwent many adven- 
 tures. At Lima, he visited and sent home descriptions 
 of the magnificent churches, bought paintings and curi- 
 osities, which he dispatched to England, carefully 
 packed, and saw bull fights and other sights characteris- a L,'.'J>^ 
 
 tic of the manners of the Spanish inhabitants. On the J "" ' 
 
 great rivers he beheld, as he said, " for the first time, ||^w« ^'^' , 
 tropical vegetation in all its beauty." Having stored a -^^v^^^"* * 
 little yacht with provisions, he started, with his servant, 
 on a voyage of about three hundred miles up the river 
 Guayaquil, and was for some days under the Line ; he 
 made similar journeys in a canoe, with his servant and two 
 Indians, still bent on his favorite pursuit of collecting and 
 preserving rare birds of gorgeous plumage. Besides 
 these feats of activity, he visited and explored silver and 
 copper mines. Neither the fatigue of traveling, nor the
 
 >3f 
 
 S/ 
 
 MEMORIES OF 
 
 '^.tropical heats abated his ardor. Yet, all this while he 
 *'^_ Kvas a diligent correspondent, and every mail brought 
 .^ Jabundant narratives of his adventures. Scores of letters 
 .^l^ written at this time to his father and mother, to Lady 
 ; t '\ >iI^oughty, Mr. Gosford, Mrs. Greenwood, and other 
 !|r K t friends and relatives still exist, evincing not only his un- 
 '%' , ;' .tiring industry and his intelligent interest in the scenes 
 "^ and objects passing before him, but placing beyond all 
 \^. i. "V doubt the fact that his sympathies with home, and, above 
 ^ ^ ^ all, his love for his cousin, had undergone no change, 
 , t had, indeed, only grown deeper from long absence. 
 V Sad news had reached him on his wanderings. There 
 U^Avas sorrow once more at Tichborne. Scarcely had the 
 ^ Paulme left sight of our shores, when Sir Edward 
 J" Doughty's long-lingering illness terminated in death, 
 ^ and Roger's father and mother, now Sir James and Lady 
 "* Tichborne, were coming over from Paris to take up their 
 
 home there with their little boy Alfred. By and by the 
 wanderer began to retrace his steps, came back to Val- 
 paraiso, and, with his last new servant, Jules Berraut, 
 rode thence in one night ninety miles to Santiago again. 
 Ao"ain he started with muleteers and servants, on the 
 4 ^w'lj, difficult and perilous journey over the lofty Cordilleras, 
 f" I, and thence across the Pampas to Buenos Ayres, Monte 
 -jjI '^' ■«'> Video, and Rio de Janeiro. 
 
 In April, 1854, there happened to be lying in the har- 
 bor of Rio a vessel which hailed from Liverpool, and 
 bore the name of the Bella. She was about to sail for 
 Kingston, Jamaica, on her way to New York, and it was 
 to^Kingston that Roger had directed his letters and re- 
 mittances to be forwarded, that being a convenient rest- 
 ing place on his journey to Mexico, where he intended 
 to spend a few months. The Bella was a full-rigged 
 ship, of nearly 500 tons burden, clipper-built, and almost 
 new. Aboard this ship, then taking in her cargo of
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 37 
 
 coffee and logwood, came, one April morning, a young 
 English gentleman, in half-nautical costume, pea-jacket, 
 round hat, and wide trowsers. His skin was reddened 
 and browned by exposure to the sun, and his whole ap- 
 pearance was that of a man who had been much knocked 
 about by travel in uncivilized lands. The stranger in- 
 troduced himself as Mr. Tichborne. He wanted a passage 
 to Kingston, but Avas in a little difficulty. Traveling 
 with servants, hiring yachts and canoes, buying paint- 
 ings, curiosities, and natural history specimens, had 
 proved more expensive than he expected. In short, his 
 funds were exhausted ; nor could his purse be replen- 
 ished until he got to Kingston, where letters from his 
 bankers, Messrs. Glyn & Co., were expected to be in 
 waiting for him. It is probable, that in much beating 
 about the globe. Captain Burkett had heard stories of 
 this kind before. Any way, he knew that the stranger's 
 tale was not necessarily true because somebody told it. 
 Therefore, putting his visitor off for the present with 
 kind words, he took a leaf from the book of Captain 
 Cuttle, and consulted another sea-captain, Mr. Gates, 
 master of the ship JoJin Bibby. Gates was the bosom 
 friend of Burkett ; their ships belonged to the same 
 owners. When confusion, arising from loading or un- 
 loading, reigned in the one ship, the two captains slept 
 aboard the other vessel, and thus, at this time, the Bella 
 was Captain Oates's home. Gates being consulted, ex- 
 hibited his shrewdness. " Let us," he said, " invite this 
 young Englishman to sup aboard ; from his conversation 
 we shall be able to judge whether he is a gentleman, and 
 likely to be the person he pretends to be." So Roger, 
 not suspecting this little manoeuvre, received an invita- 
 tion, supped with the worthy captains, and was inter- 
 viewed and inspected, and made friends with t'.icm at 
 once. But Burkett did not only undertake to convey
 
 
 38 MEMORIES OF 
 
 his visitor to Kingston, in full reliance on his promises; 
 he determined to help him in a matter of some delicacy, 
 and not a little danger ; for when the vessel was near 
 sailing Mr. Tichborne was found to be without the indis- 
 pensible requisite of a passport. Great excitement then 
 prevailed in Brazil on the subject of runaway slaves. 
 Black slaves had escaped by making themselves stow- 
 aways ; "half-caste" people, relying on their compara- 
 tive fairness of skin, had openly taken passage as sea- 
 men, or even passengers, and thus got away from a hate- 
 ful life of bondage. Hence, the peremptory regulation 
 that no captain should sail with a stranger aboard, with- 
 out an official license. Under these circumstances a 
 plan was devised by the captain and his bosom friend. 
 '' When the Government officers came aboard, no Mr. 
 S Tichborne or other stranger was visible. As the vessel, 
 ft' fit- loosed from her moorings, was slowly drifting down the 
 f\f "" harbor in early morning, the officers sat at a little table 
 
 on deck, smoked cigars, and drank coffee with the two 
 captains. At length the moment came to call their boat 
 and take farewell, wishing the good ship Be//a and her 
 valuable freight a pleasant voyage. Scarcely had they 
 and Captain Oates departed, when the table was re- 
 moved ; and just beneath where the officers had been 
 sitting, a circular plug closing the entrance to what is 
 known as the " lazarette" was lifted, and out came Mr. 
 Tichborne, laughing at the success of their harmless 
 device. Before noon the Be//a had passed through the 
 narrow outlet from the grand harbor of Rio into the 
 open Atlantic, and, spreading all her sails, was soon 01 
 her voyage northward. 
 
 That was on the 20th day of April, 1854, but never, from 
 that day, did the good ship Be//a furl sail or cast an an- 
 chor in any port. Only six days after she had left the 
 port of Rio, a vessel, traversing her path, found tokens
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 39 
 
 of a wreck — straw bedding, such as men lay on deck in 
 hot latitudes, a water-cask, a chest of drawers, and / 
 among other things a long boat floating bottom upwards, 
 and bearing on her stern the ominous words " Bellas 
 Liverpool." These were brought into Rio, and forth- 
 with the Brazilian authorities caused steam vessels to go 
 out and scour the seas in quest of survivors ; but none 
 were seen. That the Bella had foundered there was lit- 
 tle room to doubt ; though the articles found were 
 chiefly such as would have been on her deck. Even the 
 items of cabin furniture were known to have been placed 
 on deck to make way for merchandise, with which she 
 was rather heavily laden. The night before these arti- 
 cles were found had been gusty, but there had been 
 nothing like a storm. When time went by and brought 
 no tidings. Captain Oates and other practical seamen 
 came to the mournful conclusion that she had been 
 caught in a squall ; that her cargo of coffee had shifted, 
 as it is called, and that hence, unable to right herself, the 
 Bella had gone down in deep water, giving but little 
 warning to those who were unhappily aboard. 
 
 In a few months this sorrowful news was brought to 4^ 
 Tichborne, where there was once more great mourning. 
 One by one the heirs of the old House were disappear- 
 ing ; and now it seemed that all the hopes of the family 
 must be centred in the young Alfred, then a boy of fif- 
 teen. So, at least, felt Sir James Tichborne. He had 
 inquiries made in America and elsewhere. For a time 
 there was a faint hope that some aboard the Bella had 
 escaped, and had, perhaps, been rescued by some vessel. 
 But months went by and still there was no sign. The 
 letters of news that poor Roger had so anxiously asked 
 to be directed to him at the Post Office, Kingston, 
 Jamaica, remained there till the paper grew faded. The 
 bankers' bill, which was wanted to pay the passage 
 
 \
 
 40 MEMORIES OF 
 
 I money, lay at the agents', but neither Captain Burkett 
 \ nor his passenger came to claim it. Weeks and months 
 rolled on ; the annual allowance of one thousand a year^ 
 which was Mr. Tichborne's by right, was paid into Glyn 
 and Co.'s bank to his account ; but no draft under 
 Roger Tichborne's hand was ever more presented at 
 their counters. The diligent correspondent suddenly 
 ceased to correspond. Down to the very time of his. 
 embarkation at Rio Roger had kept friends in England 
 informed of all his movements, and every post had 
 brought with it letters giving and asking news. But 
 now, for the first time, the post was silent. More months 
 elapsed, and the agony of suspense found no relief save 
 in the growing conviction that all hope was idle. The 
 vessel had gone down, that was clear, and with her all 
 on board had perished. If not, why that dread silence ?' 
 The captain and some of the crew had wives and chil- 
 dren ; they had hitherto been good husbands, kind 
 fathers. Had they suddenly lost all interest in those 
 who were dear to them ? There was probably not a man 
 aboard so poor in friends that some English household 
 was not grieving for his sake. But it was everywhere 
 the same — no tidings for the widow, the orphan, or the 
 friends. At Lloyd's the unfortunate vessel was finally 
 written down upon the '' Loss Book " — the insurance 
 was paid to the Liverpool owners, and in time the Bella 
 faded away into the great shadowy fleet of ships that 
 have put forth upon the wide ocean never to come home 
 \ again. 
 
 Years past, and Sir James and his wife led a secluded 
 life in the house at Tichborne. Few strangers or even 
 relatives visited them. Lady Tichborne's antipathy to 
 the family of her husband, and her hatred of all things 
 English, had long estranged her from the family of Sir 
 James, and her singular temper rendered visiting at.
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 41 
 
 Tichborne by no means agreeable. The disconsolate 
 mother lived now only in the thought of her lost son. 
 Day after day and year after year the fixed idea pos- 
 sessed her that he was still living, wandering somewhere, 
 unwilling to come back — for what reason she knew not, 
 nor did she care to inquire. It was in vain that Sir 
 James told her that sorrow was idle, and all hope at an 
 end. 
 
 Of what avail to reason ? If Roger Tichborne had 
 really chosen the moment when the Bella disappeared -/ Y^- 
 to disappear also, surely never did hoax so purposeless ' /L^^^^T^ 
 prove more cruel in its consequences. The key to all ^ ,^^,_---^ 
 this was the impulsive, self-willed, but essentially weak-"*- o^*-.- 
 
 and visionary character of the Lady of Tichborne, nour- ''^^ ^ -^^ e*.-^ 
 ished as it was now in all its failings, by the sorrows she 
 had endured. Proofs which satisfied underwriters and 
 Courts of Probate, were to this poor lady miserable 
 evidences as against her own ardent wishes. She was, 
 with all her failings, a religious woman, and she had been 
 bred in a faith which has not yet come to regard the 
 miraculous interposition of saints and angels as only 
 things of the remote past. To her, the coming back of 
 her son was no impossibility, but rather a thing which 
 prayer and earnest watching would, in the end, assuredly 
 bring to pass. Certain it is that the mother kept lamps % 
 alight in the hall at Tichborne, from dusk till daybreak , ' 
 often going herself, when there was no moon, and stars 
 were dimmed, into the grounds about the house, holding 
 a lantern in her feeble hands to light the way, lest her 
 poor, lost son — who to those who wanted the eyes of 
 faith, seemed to be surely lying under the Atlantic waves 
 — should, coming back after long years, miss his way, i. — 
 even in those familiar paths. * 
 
 A mood of this kind is not unlikely to beget impos- 
 ture. Long before this, the fact that Lady Tichborne
 
 42 MEMORIES OF 
 
 hoped against faith, and refused to believe any argu- 
 ments in favor of the view that her eldest son was 
 drowned, was well known in the county of Hampshire, 
 and it has been related, how one day a tramp in the 
 dress of a sailor found his way to Tichborne, and having 
 poured into the willing ears of the poor mother a wild 
 story of some of the survivors of the Bella being picked 
 up off the cost of Brazil, and carried to Melbourne, was 
 forthwith regaled and rewarded. There is a freemasonry 
 among tramps and beggars which sufficiently explains 
 the fact that after that the appearance of a ragged sailor 
 in Tichborne Park became a common occurrence. Sailors 
 with one leg, and sailors with one arm, loud-voiced, 
 blustering seamen, and seamen whose troubles had sub- 
 dued their tones to a plaintive key, all found their way 
 to the back door of the great house. Every one of them 
 had heard something about the Bella s crew being picked 
 up; and could tell more on that subject than all the 
 owners, or underwriters, or shipping registers in the 
 world. And poor Lady Tichborne believed, as is evi- 
 denced by a letter of hers, written in 1857, only three 
 years after the shipwreck, to a gentleman in Melbourne, 
 •^y imploring him to make inquiries for her son in that part 
 
 • J of the world. Sir James, however, though no less sor- 
 
 y^ rowful, had no faith ; and he made short work of tramp- 
 
 i -^ ' ing sailors who came to impose on the poor lady with 
 N .J. their unsubstantial legends. 
 
 J T But Sir James, unhappily, died in 1862. Shortly be- 
 
 ^, nJI fore this event his only surviving son, Alfred, had mar- 
 
 ried Theresa, a daughter of the eleventh Lord Arundel 
 of Wardour. This fact, however, did not prevent the 
 mother, in her crazy moods, taking a step manifestly 
 calculated to induce some imposter to come forward and 
 claim to be the rightful heir. This step was the inser- 
 tion of an advertisement in the Times, offering a reward
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 43 
 
 for the discovery of her eldest son, and giving a number 
 of particulars with regard to his birth, parentage, age, 
 date and place of shipwreck, and name of vessel, and 
 other matters. More than that, she incorporated in her 
 advertisement the vague stories of the tramping sailors, 
 about his having been picked up and carried to Mel- 
 bourne ; and this mischievous advertisement was pub- 
 lished in various languages, and, doubtless, copied in the 
 South American and Australian newspapers— the facts 
 being of a romantic character, and being associated with 
 those parts of the globe. 
 
 Still time rolled on, and no Roger Tichborne, real or fic- 
 titious, made his appearance. One day the Dowager hap- 
 pened to see in a newspaper a mention of the fact that v 
 there was in Sydney a man named Cubitt, who kept what I 
 he called '* a Missing Friend's Office." To Cubitt, accord-/ 
 ingly, she wrote a long rambling letter, in which, among 
 other tokens of her state of mind, she gave a grossly incor- 
 rect account of her son's appearance, and even of his age ; 
 but Cubitt was to insert her long advertisement in the Aus- 
 tralian papers, and he was promised a handsome reward. 
 Cubitt, in reply, amused the poor lady with vague re- 
 ports of her son being found in the capacity of a private 
 soldier, in New Zealand ; and, as there was war there at 
 that time, the poor Dowager wrote back, in an agony of 
 terror, to entreat that he might be bought out of the 
 regiment. Mr, Cubitt could not fail to perceive the singu- 
 lar person he had to deal with ; and his letters from that 
 time were largely occupied with requests for money, for 
 services which have been stigmatized by a high authority 
 as almost entirely imaginary. 
 
 At last came more definite information. A Mr. Gibbes, 
 an attorney at the little town of Wagga-Wagga, two 
 hundred miles inland from Sydney, had, he said, " spot- 
 ted " the real Roger Tichborne, living " in a humble
 
 44 MEMORIES OF 
 
 station of life," and under an assumed name. Again 
 money was wanted. Then Gibbes, apparently deter- 
 mined to steal a march on Cubitt, wrote direct to the 
 credulous old lady, and there was much correspondence 
 between them. At first there were some little difficul- 
 ties. The man who, after a certain amount of coyness, 
 had pleaded guilty to being the long-lost heir, still held 
 aloof in a strange way, concealed his present name and 
 occupation, and instead of going home at once, preferred 
 to bargain for his return through the medium of an at- 
 torney and the keeper of a missing friends' office. All 
 this, however, did not shake the faith of Lady Tichborne. 
 Then he gave accounts of himself, which did not in the 
 least tally with the facts of Roger's life. He said he 
 was born in Dorsetshire, whereas Roger was born in 
 Paris ; he accounted for being an illiterate man by say- 
 ing that he had suffered greatly in childhood from St. 
 Vitus's Dance, which had interfered with his studies^ 
 " My son," says Lady Tichborne, in reply, " never had 
 St. Vitus's Dance." When asked if he had not been in 
 the army, he replied, " Yes," but that he did not know 
 much about it, because he had merely enlisted as a pri- 
 vate soldier "in the sixty-sixth Blues," and had been 
 "bought off" by his father after only thirteen days' ser- 
 vice. " What ship did you leave Europe in ? " inquired 
 Mr. Gibbes, with a view of sending further tokens of 
 identity to the Dowager. To this inquiry, as we have 
 seen, Roger Tichborne might have been expected to- 
 answer in La Pauline, but this mysterious person replied^ 
 in The Jessie Miller. " And when did she sail ? " " On 
 the 28th of November, 1852," was the reply ; whereas 
 Roger, as we have seen, sailed on the ist of March, 1853. 
 Asked as to where he was educated, the long-lost heir 
 replied, "At a school in Southampton," where Roger 
 never was at school. But, it happened that Lady Tich-
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 45 
 
 borne, in a letter to Mr. Gibbes, had said that her son 
 was for three years at the Jesuit College of Stonyhurst, 
 in Lancashire. Mr. Gibbes, accordingly, suggested to 
 his client, "in a humble station of life," that his memory 
 was at fault on that point, but the client maintained his 
 ground " Did she say he had been at Stonyhurst Col- 
 lege^ If so, it was false;" and, he added, with an oath, 
 ' I have a good mind never to go near her again, for 
 telling such a story," Still, this strange person was able 
 to confirm the entire story of the tramping sailors. He 
 had embarked in the Bella, he had been picked up at sea 
 with other survivors, in a boat, off the coast of Brazil, 
 and it was quite true that he was landed with them in 
 Melbourne. In short, he corroborated the Dowager's 
 long advertisement in every particular ; but beyond that, 
 he had nothing of the slightest importance to tell which 
 was not absurdly incorrect. His replies, however, were 
 forwarded to the Dowager, with pressing requests to send 
 ;^200, then ^^250, and finally ^^"400, to enable the lost 
 heir to pay his debts — an indispensable condition of his 
 leaving the colony. It is evident that the statements 
 thus reported puzzled the poor lady a little, and she 
 seems to have been unable to account for the lost heir 
 sending his kind remembrance to his "grandpa," because 
 Roger Tichborne's paternal grandfather died before he 
 was born ; and his grandfather by the mother's side had 
 also died several years before Roger had left England, as 
 the young man knew well enough, for he took farewell 
 of him on his last illness. She was clearly a little sur- 
 prised to hear that the resuscitated Roger did not un- 
 derstand a word of French, for " my son," she says, 
 "was born in Paris, and spoke French better than Eng- 
 lish." Still, she believed. "I fancied," she said in one 
 letter to Gibbes, " that the photographies you sent me 
 are like him, but, of course, after thirteen years' absence
 
 46 MEMORIES OF 
 
 there must have been some difference in the shape, as 
 Roger was very slim ; but," she added, " I suppose all 
 those large clothes would make him appear bigger than 
 he is." Again, alluding to the " photographies," she re- 
 marks that at least the hand in the portrait is small, and 
 adds, " that peculiar thing has done a good deal with me 
 to make me recognize him." 
 
 A year and a half was consumed in these tedious hag- 
 glings with brokers and agents for the restoration of a 
 lost heir, and during great part of that time the lost heir 
 himself made no sign, but contented himself with beg- 
 ging trifling loans of Gibbes on the strength of his pre- 
 tensions. Sometimes a pound was the modest request ; 
 sometimes ''two pound." He had married, and a child 
 was born, and on that occasion he implored for " three 
 pound," plaintively declaring that he was " more like a 
 mannick than a B. of B. K. (supposed to mean a Bar- 
 onet of British Kingdom) to have a child born in such a 
 hovel." Still the client of Mr. Gibbes, and now claim- 
 ant to the vast estates of Tichborne, wrapped himself in 
 impenetrable secrecy. The Dowager Lady Tichborne 
 complains that while pressed to send everybody money, 
 she was not even allowed to know the whereabouts nor 
 present name of her lost Roger ; and she entreated,^ 
 piteously, to be allowed to communicate more directly. 
 It was nothing to her that the accounts he had given of 
 Roger Tichborne's life were wrong in every particular, 
 except where her own advertisement had furnished in- 
 formation. " I think," she said on this point, " my poor, 
 dear Roger confuses everything in his head, just as in a 
 dream, and I believe him to be my son, though his state- 
 ments differ from mine." 
 
 It was in the midst of this curious triangular cor- 
 respondence between Gibbes in Wagga-Wagga, Cubitt 
 in Sydney, and the poor mother in Paris, that trouble
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 47 
 
 once more entered the old home at Tichborne. Sir 
 Alfred, the younger brother of Roger, was dead, and the 
 poor half-crazed mother, in her solitary lodging in the 
 Place de la Madeleine, was left more than ever desolate. 
 Widowed and childless, she had nothing now but to 
 brood over her sorrows, and cling to the old dream of 
 the miraculous saving of her eldest born, who, since the 
 terrible hour of shipwreck — now twelve years past — had 
 given no token of existence. The position of affairs at 
 Tichborne was remarkable, for though there were hopes 
 of an heir to Tichborne, Sir Alfred had left no child. 
 For the moment the curse of Lady Mabella seemed to 
 be fulfilled. Should the child — unborn, but already 
 fatherless — prove to be a girl, or other mischance befal, 
 there was an end of the old race of Tichborne. The 
 property would then go to collaterals, and the baronetcy 
 must become extinct. It was under the weight of these 
 new sorrows that the Dowager Lady Tichborne wrote 
 pitiable letters to Gibbes, promising money and asking 
 for more particulars ; while inclosing, at the same time, 
 to the man who thus unaccountably kept himself aloof, 
 a letter beginning, " My dear and beloved Roger, I hope 
 you will not refuse to come back to your poor afflicted 
 mother. I have had the great misfortune to lose your poor 
 dear father, and lately I have lost my beloved son 
 Alfred. I am now alone in this world of sorrow, and I 
 hope you will take that into consideration, and come 
 back." 
 
 It is hardly surprising that during this time Mr. 
 Gibbes was constantly urging his mysterious client to re- 
 linquish his disguise. Why so shy ? In the commence- 
 ment of the affair he had, it is true, been shy and re- 
 served ; and, but for the imprudent fellow's habit of 
 carving the initials R. C. T. on mantel-pieces, and mark- 
 ing them on his pipe, and smoking it under Mr. Gibbes*
 
 48 MEMORIES OF 
 
 nose — and this just at the time when the Dowager's ad- 
 vertisement was flourishing in the Austrahan papers — 
 that simple-minded attorney might never have discovered 
 his secret. But now all reserve was thrown off, at least 
 between attorney and client ; and it had long been un- 
 derstood that the wanderer was willing to go home and 
 claim his title and estates. Why, then, not declare him- 
 self boldly ? Why not write to the mother and mention 
 some facts known only to those two, which would at 
 once convince her? True, he had already mentioned 
 " facts," which turned out to be fictions, and yet the 
 Dowager's faith was unabated. Mr. Gibbes' client was, 
 therefore, justified in his answer, that he "did not think 
 it needful." But, Gibbes was pressing, for it happened 
 that the Dowager had, in one of her letters, said, " I 
 shall expect an answer from him. As I know his hand- 
 writing, I shall know at once whether it is from him." 
 Accordingly, Mr. Gibbes' client, unde-r the eye of his at- 
 torney, sat down at last, and penned the following 
 epistle : — 
 
 " Wagga-Wagga, Jan. 17 66. 
 
 " My Dear Mother, — The delay which has taken place 
 since my last Letter Dated 22d April 54 Makes it very- 
 difficult to Commence this letter. I deeply regret the 
 truble and anxoiety I must have cause you by not writ- 
 ing before. But they are known to my Attorney And 
 the more private details I will keep for your own Ear. 
 Of one thing rest Assured that although I have been in 
 A humble conditoin of Life I have never let any act dis- 
 grace you or my Family. I have been A poor Man and 
 nothing worse. Mr. Gilbes suggest to me as essential. 
 That I should recall to your memory things which can 
 only be known to you and to me to convince you of my 
 Idenitity. I dont think it needful my dear Mother, 
 although I sind them Mamely. the Brown Mark on my
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 49 
 
 side. And the Card Case at Brighton. I can assure you 
 My Dear Mother I have keep your promice ever since. 
 In writing to me please enclose your letter to Mr. Gilbes 
 to prevent unnesersery enquiry as I do not wish any 
 person to know me in this Country. When I take my 
 proper prosition and title. Having therefore made up 
 my mind to return and face the Sea once more I must 
 request you to send me the Means of doing so and pay- 
 ing a fue outstranding debts. I would return by the 
 overland Mail. The passage Money and other expences 
 would be over two Hundred pound, for I propose Sail- 
 ing from Victoria not this colonly And to Sail from Mel- 
 bourne in my own Name. Now to annable me to do 
 this my dear Mother you must send me " 
 
 In the original letter the half-sheet is now torn off at 
 this point, but it has been stated by the Dowager's solici- 
 tor, who saw it when complete, that the ending originally 
 contained the words " How's Grandma ? " If so, the fact 
 must have again puzzled the Dowager, for Roger had no 
 *'■ Grandma " living when he went away. The date, 
 " 22d April, '54," was also certainly incorrect, for the 
 Bella sailed away on April 20th, and was never heard of 
 more. But there were other difficulties ; Lady Tich- 
 borne had never seen, and what is more, had never heard 
 of any brown mark on her son Roger ; she could say 
 nothing about the " card case at Brighton " (which 
 referred, according to Mr. Gibbes, to the Claimant's 
 assertion that he had left England in consequence of 
 having been swindled out of ;^i,5oo by prize-fighters 
 ;it Brighton races), and lastly the anxious mother 
 could not recognize the handwriting. From the fac- 
 similes of the writings of Roger Tichborne and that 
 of the Wagga-Wagga correspondent, which we are 
 enabled to give, the reader may judge for himself 
 II.— 4
 
 50 MEMORIES OF 
 
 whether there was good ground for her hesitation. He 
 will also see that her correspondent was somewhat dis- 
 appointed that the mother did not on this evidence at 
 once " acknowledge him as her son ; " adding, " surely,, 
 my dear Mama, you must know my writing. You have 
 cause me a deal of truble." The reproaches, however, 
 were needless, for the Dowager declared her unabated 
 faith ; sent small sums and then larger, and finally made 
 up her mind to forward the four hundred pounds. Mean- 
 while she sent to him, as well as to her other Australian 
 correspondent, much family information. Among other 
 things, she told him that there was a man named Guil- 
 foyle at Sydney, who had been gardener for many years 
 at Upton and Tichborne, and another man in the same 
 town named Andrew Bogle, a black man, who had been 
 in the service of Sir Edward. Mr. Gibbes' client lost no 
 time in finding out both these persons. Whether he 
 was, in fact, Roger Tichborne, or whether he was an im- 
 postor, there was now really no reason why he should 
 not set sail to join the Dowager in Paris. Her letters, 
 spread over many months, had revealed her singular 
 character. They had shown her proof against every 
 suspicious token. Even total dissemblance of hand- 
 writing had not shaken her faith, and it was evident 
 from her letters that the " photographies," making 
 allowances, as she said, for changes, were in her fancy 
 like her son. Why, then, should he hesitate? 
 
 It was shortly after this time that it became known in 
 the colonies of Victoria and New South Wales that 
 there was a man named Thomas Castro, living in Wagga- 
 Wagga as a journeyman slaughterman and butcher, who 
 was going to England to lay claim to the baronetcy and 
 estates of Tichborne. From the letters and other facts 
 it is manifest that it was originally intended to keep all 
 this secret even from the Dowager, " He wishes," says
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 51 
 
 his attorney, Mr. Gibbes, " that his present identity 
 should be totally disconnected from his future." It 
 happened that one Cator, a Wagga-Wagga friend of the 
 Claimant, whose letters show him to have been a coarse- 
 minded and illiterate man, was leaving for England 
 shortly before the time that Castro had determined to 
 embark. Whether invited or not, Cator was not unlikely 
 to favor his friend with a visit in the new and flourishing 
 condition which appeared to await him in that country. 
 Perhaps for this reason and clearly for the sake of avoid- 
 ing inconveniences that might result from this man's 
 knowledge of the past, Castro gave to Cator a sealed 
 envelope, bearing outside the words, " To be open when 
 at sea," :ind inside a note, verbatim, as follows: 
 
 " Wagga Wagga, April 2nd, 1866. 
 
 "Mr. Cator, — At any time wen you are in England 
 you should feel enclined for a month pleasure Go to 
 Tichborne, in Hampshire, Enquire for Sir Roger Charles 
 Tichborne, Tichborne-hall, Tichborne, And you will find 
 One that will make you a welcome Guest. But on no 
 account Mension the Name of Castro or Alude to me 
 being a Married Man, or that I have being has a 
 Butcher. You will understand me, I have no doubt. 
 Yours truly, Thomas Castro. I Sail by the June Mail." 
 
 All this secrecy, however, was soon given up as im- 
 practicable ; for articles in the famous Melbourne 
 Argus, and the Wagga-Wagga and Sydney journals, 
 quickly brought the news to England, and finally Castro 
 determined to take with him his wife and family. One 
 of his earliest steps was to take into his service the old 
 black man. Bogle, and pay the passage-money both of 
 himself and his son to Europe with him. Whether Bogle 
 believed the stout slaughterman of Wagga-Wagga to be 
 the same person as the slim young gentleman whom he 
 must have seen often on his visits to Tichborne many
 
 52 
 
 MEMORIES OF 
 
 years before ; whether he was consciously assisting a 
 fraud, or whether he was merely indifferent to the ques- 
 tion of whether it v/as a fraud or not — is matter still of 
 :fierce controversy. A high authority has acquitted the 
 ■old black man of anything like criminal connivance. 
 But that he was useful in aiding Castro's claims is cer- 
 tain ; and it is equally certain that though clear enough 
 in intellect, he was decrepit and unable to render any 
 ■other kind of service in return for the wages and the 
 heavy expenses which his new master undertook on his 
 account. Certain relics of Upton and of Tichborne, 
 which the Claimant forwarded to a banker at Wagga- 
 Wagga from Avhom he was trying to obtain advances, 
 were described by the Claimant himself as brought over 
 by " my uncle Valet who is now living with me." The 
 bankers, however, were cautious ; when the Claimant 
 made statements about his past history, they were 
 enabled from more than one source to compare them 
 with facts in the true life — especially as regards the 
 military career — of Roger Tichborne. Hence it w^as 
 that they declined to make loans, though Mr. Gibbes 
 was able to prove that the mother had thought favorably 
 of the " Photographies." Nevertheless the Claimant 
 had the good fortune to convince a Mr. Long, who was 
 in Sydney and had seen Roger " when a boy of ten years 
 old riding in Tichborne Park," and accordingly this gen- 
 tleman advanced him a considerable sum. Finally, the 
 Dowager received the information that her long-lost son, 
 Roger Tichborne, had embarked aboard the Rakaia on 
 his way to France via Panama. 
 
 " Sir Roger " and " Lady Tichborne," accompanied by 
 their family, and attended by old Bogle, his son, and a 
 youthful secretary, left Sydney on September 2nd, 1866, 
 and the long-lost heir was expected by the Dowager in
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 53 
 
 Paris within two months from that date. But nearly 
 four months had elapsed, and there were no tidings. 
 
 Between Christmas Day and New Years' Eve of that 
 year there arrived in Alresford a mysterious stranger, 
 who put up at the Swan Hotel in that little town, and 
 said that his name was Taylor. He was a man of enor- 
 mous bulk and of eccentric attire. He wrapped himself 
 in large great coats, muffled his neck and chin in thick 
 shawls, and wore a cap with a peak of unusual dimensions, 
 which, when it was pulled down, covered a considerable 
 portion of his features. 
 
 The Swan is a good old-fashioned hostelry, with a 
 wide entrance and extensive ranges of stables. Visitors 
 there in the hunting season are by no means rare ; but 
 then the Swan generally knows its patrons, and this 
 man was strange. He seemed to have no business 
 there, and to know nobody. He preferred a private 
 room to the coffee-room, and he went out for solitary 
 walks. Yet he was not altogether shy and uncommuni- 
 cative ; on the contrary, he stopped poor people on the 
 roads, asked the way to Tichborne Church, about three 
 miles off, and casually mentioned the current rumor 
 that Roger Tichborne was coming back. 
 
 The stranger showed further signs of coming out of 
 his reserve. Mr. Taylor sent for Rous, the landlord, and 
 had a chat with him, in the course of which he asked 
 Rous to take him the next day for a drive round the 
 neighborhood of Tichborne. Rous complied, and the 
 innkeeper, chatting all the way on local matters, showed 
 his guest Tichborne village, Tichborne park and house, 
 the church, the mill, the village of Cheriton, and all else 
 that was worth seeing in that neighborhood. In fact 
 Mr. Taylor became very friendly with Rous, invited 
 him to drink in his room, and then confided to him an 
 important secret — which, however, was by this time no
 
 54 MEMORIES OF 
 
 secret at all, for Mr. Rous had just observed upon his 
 guest's portmanteau the initials " R. C. T." Indeed it 
 was already suspected in the smoking-room of the Swan 
 that the enormous stranger was the long-expected heir. 
 Suspicion became certainty when the stranger tele- 
 graphed for Bogle, and that faithful black, once familiar 
 in the streets of Alresford, suddenly made his appear- 
 ance there, began reconnoitering the house at Tichborne, 
 contrived to get inside the old home, to learn that it had 
 been let by the trustees of the infant baronet to a gen- 
 tleman named Lushington, and to examine carefully the 
 position of the old and new pictures hanging on the walls. 
 
 This done, "Mr. Taylor" and his black attendant dis- 
 appeared as suddenly as they had come. But the news 
 spread abroad, and reached many persons who were 
 interested. Roger's numerous aunts, uncles, and cousins 
 heard of the sudden appearance of the long-expected 
 Australian claimant. The Dowager in Paris, the mother 
 of the infant, then at Ryde, all heard the news ; and 
 finally Mr. Gosford, Roger's dearest and most intimate 
 friend and confidant, then in North Wales, got intelli- 
 gence, and hastened to London to ascertain if the joyful 
 news could be true. 
 
 But the enormous individual had vanished again. The 
 circumstance was strange. Bogle, it was true, had 
 written letters from Australia declaring that this was 
 the identical gentleman he had known years before as 
 Mr. Roger Tichborne, when a visitor at Sir Edward's ; 
 and the Dowager, though she had declined to show her 
 relatives the " photographies," had declared herself 
 satisfied. But why did the long-lost Roger hold aloof? 
 Why did he not rush down to see his old friend Gosford? 
 Why no note even to Lady Doughty ? — no token of old 
 friendship to relations at Brookwood, at Townely, or at 
 Knoyle.
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 55 
 
 With infinite pains Mr, Gosford and a gentleman con- 
 nected with the Tichborne family, ascertained that the 
 person who had figured as Mr. Taylor, at the Swan, had 
 taken apartments for himself and his family at an hotel 
 near Manchester Square, and that he had even been 
 there since Christmas Day. But once more the clue was 
 lost. Sir Roger Tichborne had gone away, with his 
 wife and children, and left no one there but Bogle and 
 his secretary. Then, by miraculous chance, Mr. Gos- 
 ford discovered that " Sir Roger " was staying at the 
 Clarendon Hotel, Gravesend. Forthwith, Mr. Gosford, 
 with the gentleman referred to, and Mr. Cullington, the 
 solicitor, went to the Clarendon Hotel at Gravesend, 
 where, after long waiting in the hall, they saw a stout 
 person, muffled, and wearing a peaked cap over the eyes, 
 Tvho, having glanced at the party suspiciously, rushed 
 past them, hurried up-stairs, and locked himself in a 
 room. In vain the party sent up cards, in vain Mr. Gos- 
 ford followed and tapped at the door. The stout per- 
 son would not open, and the party descended to the 
 coffee room, where, soon afterwards, they received a 
 mysterious note, concluding: — 
 
 " pardon me gentlemen but i did not wish any-one to 
 know where i was staying with my family. And was 
 much anoyed to see you all here. R. C. TICHBORNE." 
 
 Lady Tichborne herself had failed to recognize in the 
 letters from Wagga-Wagga the handwriting of her son. 
 Mr. Gosford was equally unsuccessful in detecting any 
 similarity between this note and the familiar hand, 
 either in penmanship or style, nor had he ever known 
 Mr. Tichborne sign his surname with a small initial let- 
 ter. The party, therefore, left the house, after warning 
 the landlord that he had for a guest an " impostor and a 
 rogue." 
 
 Still, the idea that his old friend, who had made him
 
 56 MEMORIES OF 
 
 his executor and the depositary of his most secret 
 wishes, could have come back again alive, however 
 changed, was too pleasing to be abandoned by Mr. Gos- 
 ford, even on such evidence. Accordingly, by arrange- 
 ment with an attorney named Holmes, he went 
 down again, and, more successful this time, had con- 
 versation with the stranger who called himself Roger 
 Tichborne. But neither the features, nor the voice, nor 
 the manner of the man brought back to him any recol- 
 lection. Mr. Gosford has related, at length, the story 
 of that interview, and has told us how he found this 
 man totally ignorant of all their past associations, and 
 unable to give any intelligible account of Roger Tich- 
 borne's career, his habits, family, or connections, with 
 all which things Mr. Gosford was intimately acquainted. 
 
 Meanwhile, the Dowager Lady Tichborne had learned 
 that the long-expected Roger had arrived in England p 
 and she wrote letters imploring him to come to her, ta 
 which the Claimant, who had not been in London more 
 than a fortnight, answered that he was " prevented by 
 circumstances!" and added, "Oh! Do come over and' 
 see me at once." On the very day after the date of this 
 letter, however, he arrived in Paris, accompanied by a 
 man whose acquaintance he had casually made in a 
 billiard room, and by Mr. Holmes, the attorney, tO' 
 whom his casual acquaintance had introduced him. The 
 party put up at an hotel inj;he Rue St. Honore. They 
 knew Lady Tichborne's address in the Place de la 
 Madeleine, scarcely five minutes' walk from their hotel ; 
 but they had arrived somewhat late, and " Sir Roger " 
 paid no visit to his mother that day. 
 
 For some months past Lady Tichborne had cautiously 
 confided to friends something of the facts of the Sydney 
 and Wagga-Wagga correspondence. She had told her 
 brother, Mr. Seymour, that Roger had been found, and
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 57 
 
 was coming home, but had refused to show him the 
 letters or the portrait. To her solicitor, Mr. James 
 Bowker, she was more communicative ; and she gave 
 him to read letters dated Wagga-Wagga, and signed^ 
 " Roger Charles Tichborne." Mr. James Bowker had not 
 known Roger Tichborne, and did not know his hand- 
 writing, but, having carefully scrutinized the singular 
 epistles, he pointed out to her that they were clearly the 
 writing of an illiterate Englishman of the lower class ; 
 that the writer asked for money on no evidence of being 
 entitled to any ; and that he inquired, " How's Grand- 
 ma ?" when Roger Tichborne must have known that he 
 had no grandmother. Mr. James Bowker was not 
 aware that the writer had also sent remembrances to a 
 non-existent " grandpa," but he told his client that there 
 was not a sentence in the letter which was not open to 
 observation. Lady Tichborne, however, was only angry 
 at this want of faith, and after a short time, Mr. James 
 Bowker discovered that the lady had no further need of 
 his professional services. In like manner she appealed 
 to Roger's cousin, and old schoolfellow, the Vicomte de 
 Brimont ; but the Vicomte proved equally cautious, and 
 was accordingly dropped shortly after. When at last 
 she learned that her Roger had actually arrived, and was 
 staying at an hotel near by, she appealed to her spiritual 
 adviser, the venerable Abbe Salis. But the Abbe Salis 
 had told us that he was aware that she had, as French- 
 men say, la tete vialade ; and that this matter of her lost 
 son's being still alive was with her a mania — H7ie id^e 
 fixe. In vain she implored him "to go and recognize " 
 one whom he had known so well, but the reverend 
 gentleman had but one answer. " If this were Roger 
 (he said) he would assuredly not have waited for me to 
 go to him." 
 
 Thus deserted, the poor lady rose early the next
 
 58 MEMORIES OF 
 
 morning, and sent her Irish servant, John Coyne, to the 
 hotel in the Rue St. Honore with a pressing message. 
 The story of the first meeting between mother and son, 
 after fourteen years of painful separation, has now be- 
 come familiar to most persons. John Coyne has told us 
 how he went to the hotel to see " Sir Roger Tichborne," 
 but was told he was not well ; how his mistress, dissatis- 
 fied with that message, sent him again, whereupon " Sir 
 Roger" came out of his bed-room and walked past him 
 " slowly, and with his head down," bidding him, at the 
 same time, go and tell his mamma that he was not able 
 to come to her; and how his mistress, still more dissatis- 
 fied, then directed her servant "to take a cab imme- 
 diately and fetch her son." Coyne has also related how 
 he then went a third time, and found " Sir Roger," 
 with his attorney and his casual acquaintance, sitting at 
 breakfast, but was again unsuccessful. Then Coyne has 
 told, with infinite gravity, how Lady Tichborne that 
 afternoon went herself to the hotel, and was then per- 
 mitted to see her son in a darkened chamber, and in the 
 presence of his attorney and friend. " Sir Roger," said 
 Coyne, " was lying on the bed, with his back turned to 
 us, and his face to the wall," and he added that while he 
 was in that position, his mistress leaned over and kissed 
 Sir Roger on the mouth, observing, at the same time, 
 that " he looked like his father, though his ears were 
 like his uncle's." Then, "Sir Roger" having remarked 
 that he was " nearly stifled," Lady Tichborne directed 
 Coyne to " take off her son's coat and undo his braces," 
 which duties the faithful domestic accomplished with 
 some diflftculty, while at the same time he " managed to 
 pull him over as well as he could." Upon this, Mr. 
 Holmes, solemnly standing up, addressed John Coyne 
 in the words: " You are a witness that Lady Tichborne 
 recognizes her son," and John Coyne having replied
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 59 
 
 ^* And so are you," the ceremony of recognition was 
 complete. 
 
 Soon after this event, it became known to gossips, in 
 the parlor of the Swan, that the Dowager Lady Tich- 
 borne had acknowledged that the stranger was indeed 
 her lost son Roger; that she had determined to allow 
 the repentant wanderer ;^ 1,000 a year; that he was 
 going to take a house at Croydon, pending his entering 
 into the possession of the Tichborne estates. There- 
 upon there was great joy in Alresford, for it seemed 
 that Tichborne, which had been let to a mere stranger 
 by the trustees of the late Sir Alfred's posthumous son 
 — was to have a master again of the old race. The joy 
 became frantic delight when it was known that " Mr. 
 Taylor," throwing off his disguise and declaring himself 
 as " Sir Roger Charles Tichborne," was about to visit 
 the Swan once more. 
 
 There happened then to be living in Alresford a gen- 
 tleman named Hopkins. He had been solicitor to the 
 Tichborne family, but they had long ceased to employ 
 him. He had also been a trustee of the Doughty 
 estates, but had been compelled to resign that position, 
 at which he had expressed much chagrin. Hopkins had 
 an acquaintance named Baigent, at Winchester, an 
 eccentric person, of an inquisitive turn. Both these 
 personages began at this time to busy themselves 
 greatly in the matter of the Tichborne Claimant, who, 
 on his next visit to Alresford, was accordingly invited to 
 stay at Mr. Hopkins's house. From that time Mr. Hop- 
 kins and Mr, Baigent become active partisans of the 
 Claimant's cause. Hopkins had not been the solicitor 
 of Roger Tichborne, but he had seen him occasionally 
 from fifteen to twenty years previously ; and he made an 
 affidavit that " though he could not recall the expression 
 of Roger Tichborne's features," he had no doubt, from
 
 6o MEMORIES OF 
 
 the knowledge which the Claimant had shown of the- 
 neighborhood of Tichborne, and of family matters, that 
 he was the same person. All Alresford may, in fact, be 
 said to have been converted ; the bells were rung on the 
 Claimant's arrival there ; and Colonel Lushington, the 
 then tenant of Tichborne House, invited the Australian 
 stranger and his wife to stay with him there. Colonel 
 Lushington had never seen Roger Tichborne, but he has 
 explained that he was impressed by his visitor's knowl- 
 edge of the old pictures on the walls, which, it will be 
 remembered, Bogle had been sent by " Mr. Taylor " to 
 reconnoiter. When the news came that " Sir Roger's. 
 wife," on a visit with her husband to Col. Lushington^ 
 had had a child baptized in the chapel at Tichborne, 
 while Mr. Anthony Biddulph, another convert, and a. 
 remote connection of the Tichborne family, had become 
 godfather, the bells of Alresford rang louder ; and few 
 in that town would have been hardy enough to question 
 the proposition that a mother must be held " to know 
 her own son."' 
 
 Still it was strange that " Sir Roger " went near none, 
 of his old friends. He had left Paris without an effort 
 to see his former circle of acquaintances. Chatillon, his 
 early tutor, had been brought by the Dowager there to 
 see him ; but Chatillon had said, " Madame, this is not 
 your son." Neither the Abbe Salis, nor Roger's dear 
 old instructor, Father Lefevre, nor Gossein, the faithful 
 valet, who had played with him from childhood, and had 
 known him well as a man, nor, indeed, any person in 
 Paris who had been acquainted with Roger Tichborne, 
 received a visit. In England the facts were the same. 
 When at Alresford the stranger was invited to go over 
 to Brookwood, and see Mrs. Greenwood, for whom, 
 Roger had so strong a regard ; but he pleaded a head- 
 ache, and excused himself in a letter beginning " My^
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 6i 
 
 •dear Cousing Kate." In short, to no one of the cousins, 
 aunts, and uncles, with whom Roger had always been 
 on affectionate terms, did " Sir Roger " go. When liti- 
 gation was threatened, which it was known must cause 
 heavy expense, ultimately to come out of the fortune 
 of the fatherless child, it was proposed that the new- 
 comer should meet all the Tichborne family at a general 
 gathering ; but it was of no avail. To do him justice, 
 the Claimant did not shrink from writing several letters 
 to those persons, who were startled, however, to find 
 that he added the word " Bart." to his signature, while 
 neither his style nor handwriting bore, in their judgment, 
 the faintest resemblance to that of Roger. Mr. Danby 
 Seymour, Roger's uncle, took the step of calling at Mr. 
 Hopkins's when the Claimant was staying there, and 
 taking with him William Bardon, an old servant of Sir 
 James. But there was no recognition on either side. 
 Finally — more than four months after the Claimant's 
 arrival — Mr. and Mrs. Radcliffe obtained an interview 
 with the Claimant, at Croydon, and with them was Mrs. 
 Towneley. Mrs. Radcliffe, as the reader knows, was in 
 her maiden days the Miss Kate Doughty, for love of 
 whom Roger Tichborne had suffered so much ; and the 
 house of Mrs. Towneley, another cousin, had been one 
 of Roger's homes. But " Sir Roger " was clearly un- 
 able to distinguish the two ladies ; for he addressed Mrs. 
 Towneley, whose name was Lucy, in the words, ** How 
 do you do, Kate?" while Mrs. Radcliffe he called 
 " Lucy." All the parties present, except the Claimant, 
 agree that he continued to converse under this erroneous 
 impression of their identity, until asked by Mr. Rad- 
 cliffe whether he was quite sure he was addressing his 
 cousins by their right names. 
 
 Meanwhile, active measures were in preparation for 
 those tedious legal proceedings which have occupied so
 
 62 MEMORIES OF 
 
 large a share of public attention. Mr. Holmes, and 
 many others, were busy in procuring information, which 
 may, or may not, have been, but which, undoubtedly^ 
 could have been, very useful in assisting imposture.. 
 The voluminous will of Roger Tichborne, setting forth a 
 mass of particulars about the family property, was ex- 
 amined at Doctors' Commons. Then there were 
 records of proceedings in the Probate Court and in 
 Chancery, relating to the Tichborne estates, of which 
 copies were procured. The Horse Guards furnished the 
 indefatigable attorney with minute and precise state- 
 ments of the movements of the Carabineers during 
 Roger Tichborne's service, and of the dates of every 
 leave of absence and return. Then the Dowager's 
 attorney procured from Stonyhurst lists of the professors 
 and officials during Roger's three years' study there ; 
 and, finally, the books of Lloyd's and the " Merchant 
 Seamen's Register " were searched for informiation about 
 the movements of the Pauline, Bella, and other vessels. 
 
 Coincident with these researches, there was a marked 
 improvement in the Claimant's knowledge of the circum- 
 stances of what he alleged to be his own past life. 
 There was no mention now of " the Sixty-sixth Blues," 
 or of having been a private soldier; no denial, with or 
 without an oath, of having been at Stonyhurst ; no 
 allusion to any other of the numerous statements he had 
 made to Mr. Gibbes on those points. Then converts began 
 to multiply, but not among the Tichborne family, or in any 
 other circle that had known Roger Tichborne very in- 
 timately. Affidavits, however, increased in number. Peo- 
 ple related wonderful instances of things the Claimant re- 
 minded them of, and which had happened in the past. On 
 the one hand, these facts were regarded as " genuine 
 efforts of memory ;" on the other, they were stigmatized 
 as the result of an organized system of extracting infor-
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 63 
 
 mation from one person and playing it off upon another. 
 Whether this latter imputation was just or unjust, it 
 could not be denied that the Claimant's conduct afforded 
 some justification for it. Bogle was still in his house, and 
 it was certain that before attempting to win over any 
 officer of Carabineers to his cause, he also took into his 
 service a number of old sergeant-majors of the Cara- 
 bineers. Besides these, he hired Carter, who had been 
 the regimental servant of Mr. Tichborne, and allowed 
 him to spend money freely among old comrades, and to 
 bring them to the house at Croydon " to recognize their 
 old officer." After this, several officers who had known 
 Roger Tichborne were induced to make affidavits ; but, 
 as a rule, these witnesses did not so much depose to 
 their recognition of the features as to their having come 
 to the conclusion that the Claimant was Roger Tich- 
 borne from his being able to remind them of some 
 occurrences connected with that young gentleman's mili- 
 tary life. The bulk of the Claimant's supporters, it is 
 true, were persons of humble rank and little intelligence ; 
 but a considerable number were, certainly, people of 
 good education and of high station. The Claimant, they 
 knew, was an illiterate person ; but they were told that 
 Roger Tichborne made blunders in grammar, which was 
 true, but Lord Chief Justice Cockburn has justly 
 remarked that they were the blunders of a foreigner, and 
 not vulgarities habitual among the English lower classes. 
 The Claimant's conversation and manners were not those 
 of a gentleman, though they may be supposed to have 
 been improving under circumstances and in society very 
 different from those of Wagga-Wagga ; but then, Mr. 
 Baigent resolutely maintained that Roger's chief associ- 
 ates were stable-boys, and persons of like condition, 
 which, though ridiculously incorrect, was not easy then 
 to disprove.
 
 «4 MEMORIES OF 
 
 At the end of July, 1867, there was a public examin- 
 ation of the Claimant in Chancery, at which, for the first 
 time, he made generally known that famous account of 
 his alleged wreck and escape in one of the boats of the 
 Bella, with eight other persons, which, with some varia- 
 tions, he has since maintained. It was then, that in an- 
 swer to questions he stated that he was not certain of 
 the name of the vessel that picked him up, but was " un- 
 der the impression that it was the OspreyT He also said 
 that her captain's name was " Owen Lewis, or Lewis 
 Owen," but he was " not certain," though he said that 
 three months elapsed between the date of his being 
 saved and his being landed in Melbourne, in July, 1854 
 Besides these, the most remarkable points in his ex- 
 amination were his statements that on the very next day 
 after his arrival he was engaged by a Mr. William Fos- 
 ter, of Boisdale, an extensive farmer in Gippsland, to 
 look after cattle ; and that he henceforward lived in ob- 
 scurity in Australia under the name of Thomas Castro, 
 The name of Thomas Castro, he added, had occurred to 
 him because during his travels in South America he had 
 known a person so named at Melipilla, in Chili. 
 
 Mr. Gosford was also examined on that occasion with 
 results which had an important influence on the progress 
 of the great cause cdebre. Some time before that event 
 that gentleman had been induced to have one more in- 
 terview with the Claimant in the presence of two of his 
 most influential supporters, who thereupon requested 
 Mr. Gosford to test their protdgi by asking him about 
 .some private matter between him and his friend Roger 
 in the past. Thus challenged Mr. Gosford naturally be- 
 thought him of the sealed paper, in which Roger had re- 
 corded his intention of building a chapel or church at 
 Tichborne, and dedicating it to the Virgin, in the event 
 of his marrying his cousin within three years ; and he
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 65 
 
 therefore requested the Claimant to declare, if he could 
 what were the contents of a certain packet marked 
 ^private" which Roger left in his hands when he went 
 away. Having obtained no definite answer, Mr. Gos- 
 ford, for the sake of fairness, went a step further, and 
 said that it recorded an intention " to carry out an ar- 
 rangement at Tichborne in the event of his marrying a 
 certain lady." Still there was no answer; and there- 
 upon Mr. Gosford, declaring that the whole interview 
 *'was idle," left the place. The packet, unfortunately, 
 was no longer in existence. Some years after Roger 
 Tichborne's death appeared to be beyond all doubt Mr. 
 Gosford had simply burnt it, regarding it as a document 
 which it would be useless, and which he had no right to 
 keep, and yet one which, on the other hand, he should 
 Hot be justified in giving up to any living person. The 
 fact of its being burnt he had for obvious reasons con- 
 cealed ; but being now asked on the subject he was com- 
 pelled to state the circumstances. 
 
 It is remarkable that on the very morrow of that dis- 
 closure the Claimant for the first time made a statement 
 to his supporter, Mr. Bulpett, as to the packet. It may 
 be supposed that Mr. Bulpett and the Claimant's friend's 
 generally were inclined to draw unfavorable inferences 
 from his apparent ignorance of the contents of the 
 packet. He now, however, declared that not ignorance 
 of its contents but delicacy and forbearance towards Mrs. 
 Radcliffe had alone prevented his answering Mr. Gos- 
 ford's test question. Mr. Gosford, he said, was right. 
 It did relate to " an arrangement to be carried out at 
 Tichborne," but an arrangement of a very painful kind. 
 Then it was that he wrote out the te'rible charge 
 against the lady whom Roger had loved so well — con- 
 fessing, it is true, his own diabolical wickedness, but at 
 the same time casting upon her the crudest of imputa- 
 "■—5
 
 66 MEMORIES OF 
 
 tions. This, he said, was what he had sealed up and 
 given to Mr, Gosford. It does not appear to have oc- 
 curred to Mr. Bulpett or Mr. Guildford Onslow, while 
 lending aid and countenance to this disreputable busi- 
 ness, that it was strange that Mr. Gosford should have 
 challenged Roger Tichborne — if the Claimant were 
 Roger Tichborne— to speak in the presence of others 
 on a subject so disgraceful to himself and so injurious 
 to the reputation of a lady ; nor does he seem to have 
 reflected that, if the matter was too delicate for the 
 Claimant to answer, it was assuredly too delicate for Mr. 
 Gosford to question upon it. Mr. Bulpett, the banker, 
 however, put his initials solemnly to the document, and 
 within a few months all Hampshire had whispered the 
 wicked story. It is to be observed that during all this 
 time no word had been spoken by the Claimant of his 
 having confided to Mr. Gosford a vow to build a church. 
 Four years later, when under examination, he was asked 
 whether he had ever left any other private document 
 with Mr. Gosford, and he answered, " I think not." Then 
 it was that counsel produced the copy of the vow ta 
 build the church in Roger Tichborne's hand, which he 
 had fortunately given to his cousin on the sorrowful 
 day of their last parting; and, finally, there was found 
 and read aloud the letter of Roger Tichborne to Mr. 
 Gosford, dated January 17th, 1852, in which occur the 
 precious words, " I have written out my will and left it 
 with Mr. Slaughter ; the only thing which I have left 
 out is about the church, which I will only build under 
 the circumstances which I have left with you in writ- 
 ing." Happily these facts render it unnecessary to 
 enter upon the question whether this story was not 
 wholly irreconcilable, both with itself and with the 
 ascertained dates and facts in Roger Tichborne's 
 career.
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 67 
 
 The great estates of Tichborne were not likely to be 
 left undefended either by the trustees or by the family, 
 who, with the exception of the Dowager Lady Tich- 
 borne, had, with one accord, pronounced the Claimant 
 an impostor. Accordingly very soon after his arrival in 
 England a gentleman named Mackenzie was dispatched 
 to Australia to make inquiries. 
 
 Mr. Mackenzie visited Melbourne, Sydney, and 
 Wagga-Wagga, and up to a certain time was singularly 
 successful in tracing backwards the career of Thomas 
 Castro. He discovered that, some months before the 
 Dowager's advertisement for her son had appeared, and 
 Mr. Gibbes' client had set up his claim, the slaughter- 
 man of Wagga-Wagga had married an Irish servant girl, 
 named Bryant, who had signed the marriage register 
 with a cross. He also found that the marriage was 
 celebrated, not by a Roman Catholic priest, but by a 
 Wesleyan minister. Searching further, he found out 
 that immediately after the date of the arrival of a 
 letter from the Dowager, informing Mr. Gibbes that 
 her son was a Roman Catholic, Thomas Castro and 
 Mary Anne Bryant had again gone through the 
 ceremony of marriage in those names, and on this 
 occasion the wedding was celebrated in n Roman 
 Catholic chapel. By applying to Mr. Gibbes, Mr. 
 Mackenzie then discovered that the Claimant, be- 
 fore leaving Australia, had given instructions for a will, 
 which was subsequently drawn up and executed by him, 
 in which he pretended to dispose of the Tichborne es- 
 tates, and described properties in various counties, all of 
 which were purely fictitious. The Tichborne family had 
 not, and never had, any such estates as were there 
 elaborately set forth, nor did any such estates exist ; 
 and the will contained no bequest, nor indeed any al- 
 lusion to a solitary member of Roger's family except his
 
 68 MEMORIES OF 
 
 mother, whom it described as Lady " Hannah Frances 
 Tichborne," though her Christian names were, in fact, 
 Henriette F61icit6." Mr. Gibbes explained that it was 
 the knowledge which this document seemed to display 
 of the Tichborne estates and family which induced him 
 to advance money, and that the Dowager Lady Tich- 
 borne's letters being merely signed " H. F. Tichborne," 
 he had inserted the Christian names, " Hannah Frances," 
 on the authority of his client. Lastly, Mr. Mackenzie 
 learnt that there had been a butcher in Wagga-Wagga 
 named Schottler, and that Higgins's slaughterman, known 
 as Tom Castro, had once told some one that he had 
 known Schottler's family, and lived very near their 
 house when he was a boy. Schottler had disappeared, 
 but he was believed to have originally come from Lon- 
 don. This information was slight, but it appeared to the 
 shrewd Mr. Mackenzie to be valuable. If the Schottlers 
 were known to Tom Castro as neighbors when he was a 
 boy in London, it would seem to be only necessary to 
 find the Schottler family in order to discover who the 
 Claimant to the Tichborne estates really was. 
 
 London, it is true, is a large place, but, on the other 
 hand, " Schottler " is not so common a name as Smith 
 or Jones. When these important facts were forwarded 
 to the solicitor to the defendants in the Chancery suits, 
 he obtained old directories of London, and discovered 
 that there was one Schottler, who had kept a public 
 house called The Ship and Punchbowl, in High Street, 
 Wapping. In that direction, therefore, inquiries were 
 instituted. The Schottlers had, it was found, gone and 
 left no trace, but it was easy to instruct Detective 
 Whicher to inquire after old neighbors, to show them a 
 portrait of the Claimant, and to ask if any one in that 
 locality recognized the features. 
 
 At last the gentleman prosecuting these inquiries
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 69 
 
 found himself in the Globe public-house near by, the 
 landlady of which hostelry at once declared the carte de 
 visite to be a portrait of a mysterious individual of huge 
 bulk who had visited her on the night of the previous 
 Christmas Day, stayed an hour in her parlor, and made 
 numerous inquiries after old inhabitants of Wapping. 
 His inquiries included the Schottlers, and he had par- 
 ticularly wanted the address of the family of the late 
 Mr, George Orton, a butcher, in the High Street, who 
 answered the description of an old " neighbor of the 
 Schottlers." The Christmas Day referred to was the 
 very day of the Claimant's arrival in England, and the 
 landlady of the Globe was positive that the portrait re- 
 presented her visitor, whoever he might have been. 
 Moreover, she informed the gentleman that, struck 
 by his inquiries after the Ortons, she had scanned her 
 mysterious visitor's features closely, and observed, 
 " Why you must be an Orton, you are very like the old 
 gentleman." 
 
 Three daughters of old George Orton were then applied 
 to, but they declared that the portrait had no resem- 
 blance to any brother of theirs. Neighbors, however, 
 had perceived that these persons, who had been extremely 
 poor, had suddenly shown signs of greatly improved cir- 
 cumstances. Further inquiry led to the discovery that 
 they had a brother named Charles, "a humpbacked 
 man," who had been a butcher in a small way in part- 
 nership with a Mr. Woodgate, in Hermitage street, Wap- 
 ping. He had recently dissolved partnership rather sud- 
 denly, but he had previously confided to Mr. Woodgate 
 the curious information that he had a brother just come 
 home from Australia who was entitled to great property, 
 and who had promised him an allowance of "^5 a month," 
 and ;)^2,ooo " when he got his estates." When, after 
 some trouble, Charles Orton was discovered, he showed
 
 70 MEMORIES OF 
 
 signs of being disposed to explain the mystery "if the 
 soh'citors " would promptly " make it worth his while," 
 but in the very midst of the inquiry he suddenly van- 
 ished from the neighborhood, and for a long while all 
 trace of him was lost. 
 
 Meanwhile, the Claimant had, by some mysterious 
 means, instantly become aware that these inquiries were 
 in progress, for he wrote at this period to his confidential 
 friend Rous, the landlord of the Swan, as follows : — " We 
 find the other side very busy with another pair of sisters 
 for me. They say I was born in Waping. I never 
 remember having been there, but Mr. Holmes tells me it 
 a very respectiabel part of London." Shortly afterwards 
 two out of the three daugters of old Mr. Orton made 
 affidavit that the Claimant was not their brother, nor 
 any relation of theirs ; the other sister and Charles Orton, 
 however, made no affidavit. Four years later the Claim- 
 ant confessed that he was, after all, the mysterious visi- 
 tor at the Globe public-house on that Christmas-eve ; 
 that he shortly afterwards entered into secret corres- 
 pondence and transactions with the Orton family ; that 
 he gave the sisters money whenever they wrote to say 
 they were in want of any ; and that after the period 
 when Charles Orton was solicited to give information to 
 " the other side," he allowed him ^5 a month — Charles 
 Orton, who was then in concealment, being addressed 
 in their correspondence by the assumed name of 
 " Brand." The Claimant's explanation of these relations 
 with the Orton family, which he at first denied, was that 
 their brother, Arthur Orton, had been a great friend of 
 his for many years, and in various parts of Australia, and 
 that hence he was desirous of assisting his family. At 
 one time he said that his object was to ascertain if his 
 friend, Arthur Orton, had arrived in England ; at another 
 he stated, on oath, that when he sailed from Australia he
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. . 71 
 
 left Arthur Orton there. The soHcitors for the defendants 
 in the great Chancery suit, however, did not hesitate to 
 declare their conviction that the pretended Roger Tich- 
 borne was no other than Arthur Orton, youngest son 
 of the late George Orton, butcher, of High street, Wap- 
 ping ; that his visit to Wapping on the very night of his 
 arrival was prompted by curiosity to know the position 
 of his family, of whom he had not heard for some years; 
 and that his stealthy transactions with the three sisters, 
 and with the brother of Arthur Orton, had no object but 
 that of furnishing them with an inducement to keep the 
 dangerous secret of his true name and origin. 
 
 Meanwhile no token of these charges reached the ears 
 of the Dowager Lady Tichborne ; but it is obvious that 
 they could not long be concealed. Possibly, for this 
 reason, the Claimant at last apprised her that " the 
 other side" were trying to make out that he was ''not 
 himself, but a person of the name of ' Horton.' " He 
 was careful, however, to add that he had been seen by 
 people who had known the man referred to, and that 
 these had declared that he was not the same. Whether 
 the Dowager's faith would have been shaken if her sup- 
 posed son had confessed that while she was anxiously 
 expecting the wanderer so long mourned for he was 
 making in Wapping minute inquiries not for " Hortons" 
 but for " Ortons," who shall say? It is certain that at 
 the very moment of writing this letter her correspond- 
 ent was secretly allowing money to the sisters of the 
 same man ; while he was keeping the brother, who had 
 shown a tendency to give information to " the other 
 side," in concealment far away from his old Wapping 
 haunts, and regularly sending him £'^ per month. It 
 has been said that all this while he pretended to his 
 friend, Mr. Rous, to know nothing about Wapping, which 
 he spelt "Waping," except that his attorney had in-
 
 72 MEMORIES OF 
 
 formed him that it was " a very respectiabel place," It 
 may, therefore, be assumed that he was not more com- 
 municative with Lady Tichborne. Perhaps, however, 
 the caution was needless. 
 
 The poor old lady had lived for some time in the 
 house at Croydon with her supposed son and his wife, 
 who appears by a letter of the Claimant to have spent 
 much of her time in " fighting with the cook." A serv- 
 ant-maid in that household has told how she heard the 
 Dowager sometimes say, " They must have been savages, 
 out in Australia to change my son so, and make him so 
 rough ;" and it has been hinted that the poor lady was 
 troubled with doubts about his identity. But the evi- 
 dence that her faith was proof against all assaults is over- 
 whelming. It had never been alleged that her failings 
 went beyond eccentric self-will and irritability of temper ; 
 and her faults as a mother, great as they were, were 
 summed up in an excessive solicitude, which amounted 
 in appearance almost to a disease of the mind. Could it 
 be true that this lady was consciously conniving at an 
 attempt to plunder the child of her " beloved son Al- 
 fred ;" and to place an illiterate Australian butcher at 
 the head of the ancient Tichborne family ? The pro- 
 ject, if this man were an impostor, was too wild to be 
 entertained, save in a brain so disordered that it well 
 might justify a more charitable assumption. Some have 
 lent an ear to the cruel suggestions that now her hus- 
 band and her sons were dead, and there was a litte infant 
 of whom she knew nothing, whose frail life alone stood 
 in the way of the succession of remote connections. Lady 
 Tichborne may have conceived the idea of a sort of 
 partnership in a gigantic scheme of fraud and imposition^ 
 It is true that it would be easy to find arguments and 
 facts in support of these suggestions. There was, for 
 example, her fixed idea that her " son " in Wagga-
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 73 
 
 Wagga had only to come to her and be recognized, and 
 forthwith the estates would be his. There is her allu- 
 sion to the necessity of guarding against the opposition 
 of " collaterals," and among the Claimant's letters to her 
 are allusions to the fine residence which she should have 
 — a part of the Tichborne property — as soon as he got 
 *' his estates." But people who have listened to these 
 notions must have forgotten the numerous manifesta- 
 tations in those letters to Lady Tichborne of anxiety to 
 conceal from her any circumstances calculated to cast 
 doubt upon his identity, not to speak of the affecta- 
 tion of piety in such phrases as "May God in His 
 great mercy forgive these poor pergered sailors," 
 and again, " If I lose my estates I shall be re- 
 warded in Heaven," which are no less inconsistent 
 with the supposition of a mutual consciousness of fraud 
 and deception. Above all they must have forgotten 
 that her crazy search after a lost son began while 
 her own husband was in possession ; and that it was 
 while he lay dead, and her " beloved Alfred " was in- 
 stalled at Tichborne with his newly-married wife, that 
 she inserted those dangerous advertisements, virtually 
 soliciting impostors from all parts of the world to come 
 forward and challenge the rights of her own child — 
 perhaps to ruin him with tedious litigation. The ad- 
 vertisements, while Sir Alfred still lived, were but the 
 continuation of the dreams which had been nourished 
 by the tramping sailors whom her husband had sought 
 in vain to keep out of Tichborne park; the welcoming 
 home of the man who adopted all the tramping sailors' 
 heartless fictions was but the final realization of that 
 unshaken faith that had possessed her mind for thirteen 
 long years. 
 
 Thus it was that friends and relatives reasoned with 
 her, and even told her that her supposed son had been
 
 74 MEMORIES OF 
 
 discovered to be the son of Orton, a butcher, at Wap- 
 ping ; but in vain. Those who would not believe and 
 aid her in restoring her '' dear son Roger " to his birth- 
 right were enemies, against whom her doors were 
 quickly shut. There is something terrible in the story 
 of the poor lady's situation, standing as she did alone, 
 and in opposition to the whole of the large circle of 
 relatives of Roger Tichborne, who had known him so 
 well. The Abbe Toursel, an old friend of Sir James 
 and Lady Tichborne, has told, in the witness-box, an 
 affecting story of how, one day, shortly before her death, 
 she came to him at his house in London, all alone, and 
 looking so pale, and wasted, and careworn, that his heart 
 was touched. She had, it was true, complaints to make 
 of her son. She said that he squandered her substance ; 
 the expense was torture to her, and she had tried to 
 put him on a fixed allowance. She was then indeed in 
 hopeless embarrassment. Only fourteen months elapsed 
 since the supposed son had come home, and since she 
 had promised him a thousand a year for personal ex- 
 penses. She was, at that period, certainly in possession 
 of an income of more than twice that amount, but the 
 profligate waste of the Croydon household, and the 
 enormous expense of the system of getting up " evi- 
 dence " and prosecuting law proceedings, had, in that 
 short space of time, absorbed all her means. She was 
 in the hands of rogues and disreputable money lenders, 
 and was absolutely borrowing funds at the interest of 
 fifty per cent. The old fable of the pelican could 
 scarcely match her self-inflicted pain and privation 
 Concerning all this, however, she confided very little to 
 her friend, but she said she was very uneasy, that she 
 could not live in the house at Croydon with her son by 
 reason of the multitude of strange and noisy people who 
 haunted it, with discharged private soldiers living in
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 
 
 75 
 
 the attics and the basement. The old lady being more 
 familiar with French than English would probably have 
 but a dim conception of their talk and their proceed- 
 ings, but she was conscious of the fumes of tobacco 
 and strong drink, and the tumult distressed her. Thus 
 she was friendless and wretched, and in sore need of 
 guidance and consolation. Yet she rejected the prof- 
 fered aid of the venerable Abbe, who exhorted her to 
 have a meeting of her relations, and there subject het 
 supposed son to rational tests of his identity. The 
 Abbe Toursel even offered to preside at such meeting, 
 and see that it was conducted with fairness. But all in 
 vain. The poor, weak, trembling, friendless woman 
 clung to her fond belief. " No, no, he is Roger. They 
 would quarrel, and want to deprive me of him." This 
 was the only answer he could get as he followed her to 
 the threshold of the door, saw her feebly walking in the 
 bleak March wind, and watched her till she turned a 
 corner, fearing that she would drop exhausted to the 
 ground. 
 
 Only a few days later — on the 12th of March, 1868— 
 the Dowager Lady Tichborne was found by a servant 
 dead in a chair, and with no relative or friend at hand, 
 in a hotel near Portman Square, where she had sought 
 and found a shelter. 
 
 Amidst much that was vague in the Claimant's ac- 
 count of his past life, there were, at all events, two 
 statements of a precise and definite character. These 
 were, first, that he had been at Melipilla, in Chili, and 
 had there known intimately a man named Thomas 
 Castro, whose name he had afterwards assumed ; and 
 secondly, that in 1854, he had been engaged as herds- 
 man to Mr. William Foster, of Boisdale, in Gippsland, 
 Australia. If he were an imposter, these statements 
 were undoubtedly imprudent. But they served the
 
 76 MEMORIES OF 
 
 purpose of establishing the identity of his career with 
 that of the man wliom he claimed to be, for Roger Tich- 
 borne had, undoubtedly, traveled in Chili ; and, accord- 
 ing at least to the tramping sailors' story, embodied 
 in the Dowager's advertisements, he had been carried 
 thence to Australia. The importance attached by his 
 supporters to these apparent tokens of identity suffi- 
 ciently explains the Claimant's explicitness on these 
 points. Melipilla is a long way off; and Boisdale is still 
 further. It may have been supposed that witnesses 
 could not be brought from so far; but vast interests 
 were at stake, and the defendant in the Chancery suit 
 speedily applied for Commissions to go out to South 
 America and Australia to collect information regarding 
 the Claimant's past history. The proposition was 
 strenuously opposed as vexatious, and designed merely 
 to create delay, but the Court granted the application. 
 Then the Claimant asked for an adjourment on the 
 ground that he intended to go out and confront the 
 Melipilla folks, including his intimate friend Don Tomas 
 Castro, before the Commission ; and also to accompany 
 it to Australia. The postponement was granted, a large 
 sum was raised to defray his expenses, and he finally 
 started with the Commission, accompanied by counsel 
 and solicitors, bound for Valparaiso and Melipilla, and 
 finally for Victoria and New South Wales. When the 
 vessel, however, arrived at Rio, the Claimant went 
 ashore, declaring that he preferred to go thence to Meli- 
 pilla overland. But he never presented himself at that 
 place, and finally the Commission proceeded to examine 
 witnesses and to record their testimony, which thus be- 
 came part of the evidence in the suit. The Claimant 
 had, in fact, re-embarked at Rio for England, having, 
 abandoned the whole project ; for which strange conduct 
 he made various and conflicting excuses.
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 77 
 
 Even before he had started, circumstances had occurred 
 which had induced some of his supporters to express 
 doubts whether he would ever go to Melipilla. The 
 facts were these. When the going out of the Commis- 
 sion had become inevitable, the Claimant had written a 
 letter to his " esteemed friend, Don Tomas Castro," re- 
 minding him of past acquaintance in 1853, sending kind 
 remembrances to a number of friends, and altogether 
 mentioning at least sixteen persons with Spanish names 
 whom he had known there. The purpose of the letter 
 was to inform Don Tomas that he had returned to Eng- 
 land ; was claiming " magnificent lands," and, in brief, 
 to prepare his whole acquaintances to befriend him 
 there. This letter was answered by Castro, through 
 his son Pedro, with numerous good wishes and 
 much gossip about Melipilla and what had become 
 of the old circle. But to the astonishment and 
 dismay of the Claimant's attorney, Mr. Holmes, Pedro 
 Castro reminded his old correspondent that when among 
 them he had gone by the name of Arthur Orton. A 
 Melipilla lady named Ahumada then sent a portion of a 
 lock of hair which the Claimant acknowledged as his 
 own hair, and thanked her for. But this lady declared 
 that she had cut the lock from the head of an English 
 lad named Arthur Orton ; and the Claimant thereupon 
 said that he must have been mistaken in thanking her 
 and acknowledging it as his. In the town of Melipilla 
 — sixty or seventy miles inland from Valparaiso — every 
 one of the sixteen or seventeen persons mentioned by 
 the Claimant as old acquaintances — except those who 
 were dead or gone away — came before the Commission, 
 and were examined, They proved to have substantially 
 but one tale to tell. They said they never knew any 
 one of the name of Tichborne. Melipilla is a remote 
 little town, far off the great high road, and the only
 
 78 MEMORIES OF 
 
 English person, except an English doctor, there estab- 
 lished, who had ever sojourned there was a sailor lad, 
 who, not in 1853, but in 1849, came to them destitute; 
 was kindly treated ; picked up Spanish enough to con- 
 verse in an illiterate way ; said his name was Arthur, 
 and was always called Arthur by them ; declared his 
 father was "a butcher named Orton, who served the 
 Queen ; " and said he had been sent to sea to cure St. 
 Vitus's Dance, but had been ill-used by the captain, and 
 ran away from his ship at Valparaiso. This lad, they 
 stated, sojourned in Melipilla eighteen months, and 
 finally went back to Valparaiso and re-embarked for 
 England. Don Tomaso Castro, the doctor's wife, and 
 others, declared they recognized the features of this lad 
 in the portrait of the Claimant ; and being shown two 
 daguerreotype portraits of Roger Tichborne, taken in 
 Chili when he was there, said that the features were not 
 like those of any person they had ever known. Searches 
 were then made in the record's of the consul's office at 
 Valparaiso, from which it resulted that a sailor named 
 Arthur Orton did desert from the English ship Ocean 
 in that port at the very date mentioned, and did re-em- 
 bark, though under the name of " Joseph M. Orton, '^ 
 about eighteen months later. 
 
 Boisdale, in Australia, whither the Commission then 
 repaired, is many thousands of miles from South America, 
 but here similar discoveries were made. Mr. William 
 Foster, the extensive cattle farmer, was dead, but the 
 widow still managed his large property. In reference to 
 the Claimant's statement that in July, 1854, the very 
 day after he was landed by the vessel which he believed 
 was named the Osprey, at Melbourne, he was engaged 
 by Mr. William Foster, and went with him at once to 
 Gippsland, under the assumed name of Thomas Castro, 
 the lady declared that her husband did not settle at
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 79 
 
 Boisdale, or have anything to do with that property till 
 two years later than that date, and that they never had 
 any herdsman named Thomas Castro. The ledgers and 
 other account books of Mr. Foster were then examined, 
 but no mention of any Castro, either in 1854 or at any 
 other time, could be found. On the other hand, there 
 were numerous entries, extending over the two years 
 1857 and 1858, of wages paid and rations served out to a 
 herdsman named Arthur Orton, whom the lady perfectly 
 well remembered, and who had come to them from Ho- 
 bart Town. 
 
 All these discoveries were confirmed by the registers 
 of shipping, which showed that Arthur Orton embarked 
 for Valparaiso in 1848, re-embarked for London in 1851, 
 and sailed again for Hobart Town in the following year. 
 But there were other significant circumstances. The 
 ship in which Arthur Orton had returned from Valpa- 
 raiso was called the Jessie Miller, which was the very 
 name which the Claimant, in his solemn declaration, 
 prepared by Mr. Gibbes, gave as the name of the vessel 
 in which he came out to Australia. In the same docu- 
 ment he had stated the date of his sailing from England 
 as the "28th of November, 1852," and this was now dis- 
 covered to be the very day, month, and year, on which 
 Arthur Orton embarked in the vessel bound for Hobart 
 Town. Mr. Foster's widow had specimens of Arthur 
 Orton's writing, and other mementoes of his two years' 
 service among them, and she unhesitatingly identified a 
 portrait of the Claimant as that of the same man. 
 Numerous other important discoveries were made in 
 Australia, and, among other witnesses, a farmer named 
 Hopwood deposed, that he had known Arthur Orton at 
 Boisdale, under that name, and again, at Wagga-Wagga, 
 under his assumed name of Thomas Castro. At Wagga- 
 Wagga, the will executed by the Claimant, and
 
 8o MEMORIES OF 
 
 already referred to, wfis produced, and it was found, that 
 amidst all its fictitious names, and imaginary Tichborne 
 estates, it appointed as trustees two gentlemen residing in 
 Dorsetshire, England, who have since been discovered 
 to have been intimate friends of old Mr. Orton, the 
 butcher. The testimony on the Claimant's behalf, be- 
 fore the Commission, threw but little light. It con- 
 sisted, chiefly, of vague stories of his having spoken, 
 when in Australia, of being entitled to large possessions, 
 and of having beert an officer in the army, and stationed 
 in Ireland. Such testimony could, of course, have little 
 weight against the statements of the Claimant, in 
 writing, made just before embarking at Sydney, with a 
 view of satisfying capitalists of his identity, and betray- 
 ing total ignorance of Roger Tichborne's military life. 
 
 It was while the Claimant was absent on his abortive 
 journey to Melipilla that Charles Orton, the brother of 
 Arthur, finally called upon the solicitors for " the other 
 side," and volunteered to give information. In the 
 presence of Lord Arundell and other witnesses, this 
 man then stated that the Claimant of the Tichborne 
 estates was his brother Arthur, that he had been induced 
 by him to change his name to Brand, and to remain in 
 concealment, that in return the Claimant had allowed 
 him ^5 per month ; but that since his departure for 
 Chili the allowance had ceased. Letters of Charles 
 Orton to the Claimant's wife, and asking whether " Sir 
 Roger Tichborne, before he went away, left anything 
 for a party of the name of Brand," have been found and 
 published. In the face of the evidence, the Claimant 
 has since acknowledged that he did correspond with 
 Charles, under the name of Brand, and did allow him 
 that monthly sum. 
 
 Under these circumstances the Claimant's attorney, 
 Mr. Holmes, finally withdrew from the case, and the
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 8r 
 
 county gentlemen, who, relying in great measure on 
 Lady Tichborne's recognition and the numerous affi- 
 davits that had been made, had supported the Claimant, 
 held a meeting at the Swan, at Alresford, at which, 
 among other documents, certain mysterious letters to 
 the Orton sisters were produced. These letters were 
 signed, "W. H. Stephens," and they contained inquiries 
 after the Orton family and also after Miss Mary Anne 
 Loader, who was an old sweetheart of Arthur Orton's, 
 long resident in Wapping. They inclosed as portraits 
 of Arthur Orton's wife and child, certain carte-de-visite 
 likenesses which were clearly portraits of the Claimant's 
 •wife and child ; and though they purported to be written 
 by " W. H. Stephens," a friend of Arthur Orton, just 
 arrived from Australia, it was suspected that the letters 
 — which were evidently in a feigned hand — were really 
 written by the Claimant. They manifested that desire 
 for information about Wapping folks, and particularly 
 the Ortons, which the Claimant was known to have ex- 
 hibited on more occasions than one ; and they indi- 
 cated a wish to get this information by a ruse, and with- 
 out permitting the writer to be seen. But the corre- 
 spondence showed that the sisters of Orton had dis- 
 covered, or at least believed that they had discovered, 
 that the writer was in truth their brother Arthur. The 
 Claimant, however, being called in and questioned, 
 solemnly affirmed that the letters were " forgeries," 
 designed by his enemies to " ruin his cause." Nor was 
 it till he was pressed in cross-examination, three years 
 later, that he reluctantly confessed that his charges of 
 forgery were false ; and that in fact he and no one else, 
 had written the Stephens' letters. Among our fac- 
 similes of autographs the reader will find a letter signed 
 Arthur Orton, and dated Wagga-Wagga, N. S. W., June 
 3rd, 1866, which was forwarded to the Orton sisters by 
 II.— 6
 
 82 MEMORIES OF 
 
 the Claimant, at the same time, manifestly with a view 
 to induce them to confide, by way of letter, in the ficti- 
 tious Stephens. It may be presumed that the writing- 
 was expected to be recognized by them as an improved 
 specimen from the same hand that penned the letter 
 from " Torkeye " to Miss Loader (also among our fac- 
 similes) fourteen years before ; and it will be observed 
 that it bears beneath the signature the same peculiar 
 private mark. The reader has in those facsimiles the 
 means of judging for himself whether that letter is not 
 identical in handwriting with the letter beginning " My 
 dear Mama," dated " Sydney, July 24th, '66,'' and signed 
 " Roger Charles Tichborne." These, however, were 
 later disclosures. The Claimant's solemn assurances 
 did not convince all his supporters at the meeting at 
 the Swan, but they satisfied some ; and funds were still 
 found for prosecuting the Chancery suit, which finally 
 resulted in that great trial at Common Law that filled 
 so large a space in the public journals. 
 
 The suit was technically an action for the purpose of 
 ejecting Col. Lushington from Tichborne House, which 
 had been let to him. Col. Lushington was then a sup- 
 porter of the Claimant, and had not the least objection 
 to be ejected. But the action at once raised the ques- 
 tion whether the Claimant had a right to eject him. 
 Of course that depended on whether he was, or was not, 
 identical with the young man who was so long believed 
 to have perished in the Bella, and accordingly this was 
 the issue that the jury had to try. 
 
 The case of the Defendants had been prepared with 
 great labor and expense by Mr. Frederick Bowker, of 
 Winchester, the solicitor to the family; while the 
 Claimant's cause was undertaken by the respectable 
 firm of Baxter, Rose, and Norton. For the Claimant's 
 side Mr. Serjeant Ballantine and Mr. Giffard had been
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 83 
 
 retained; on the side of the Defendants was Sir John 
 Coleridge, then Solicitor General, supported by Mr. 
 Hawkins. It was on Thursday, the nth of May, 187 1, 
 that Sergeant Ballatine rose to address the jury ; but 
 owing to frequent adjournments, it was not until the 
 6th of March, 1872, that the trial was concluded — the 
 proceedings having extended to 103 days. On the 
 Claimant's side a large number of witnesses were ex- 
 amined, many being persons of respectability, while 
 some were of high station. The military witnesses 
 were very numerous ; and among them were five of 
 Roger Tichborne's old brother officers, the rest being 
 sergeants, corporals, and privates. There were Aus- 
 tralian witnesses, and medical witnesses, old servants, 
 and tenants of the Tichborne family, and numerous 
 other persons. With the exception of two remote con- 
 nections, however no members of the numerous families 
 of Tichborne and Seymour presented themselves to 
 support the Plaintiff's claims ; and even the two gentle- 
 men referred to admitted that their acquaintance with 
 Roger was slight, and that it was in his youth ; and 
 finally that they had not recognized the features of the 
 Claimant, but had merely inferred his identity from 
 some circumstances he had been able to mention. The 
 same observation, indeed, applied to a very large number 
 of the witnesses. The plaintiff's case was almost entirely 
 unsupported by documentary evidence, and it rested in 
 fact chiefly on the impressions or the memory of wit- 
 nesses, or on their conclusions drawn from circumstances 
 which, when they were inquired into, in cross-examin- 
 ation, proved to be altogether insufficient. 
 
 The cross-examination of the Claimant himself, how- 
 ever, was really the turning point of the civil trial. It 
 extended over twenty-seven days, and embraced the 
 whole history of Roger Tichborne's life, his all-'tjed
 
 S4 MEMORIES OF 
 
 resc'.e and carrying to Melbourne, the life of the 
 Claimant in Australia, and his subsequent proceedings 
 since his return. Besides this, matters connected with 
 the Orton case were inquired into. The drift of much 
 of the questioning of Sir John Coleridge was necessarily 
 not apparent at the time, nor was it known to the public 
 to what extent the Claimant had betrayed ignorance of 
 the career, the habits, and the connections of the man 
 he claimed to be. Much, however, that was calculated 
 to alarm supporters was elicited. The Claimant was 
 compelled to admit that he had no confirmation to offer 
 of his strange story of the rescue, and that he could pro- 
 duce no survivor of the Osprcy nor any one of the crew 
 of the Bella alleged to have been rescued with him. 
 The mere existence of such a vessel was not evidenced 
 by any shipping register, or gazette, or Custom House 
 record. It was moreover admitted that he had changed 
 his story — had for a whole year given up the Osprey. 
 and said the vessel was the Themis, and finally returned 
 to the Osprey again. All the strange circumstances of 
 the Wagga-Wagga will, the Gibbes and Cubitt corres- 
 pondence, the furtive transactions with the Orton family, 
 the curious revelations of the commissions in South 
 America and Australia, were acknowledged, and either 
 left unexplained or explained in a way which was 
 evasive, inconsistent, and contradictory. His accounts 
 of his relations with Arthur Orton were also vague, and 
 his attempts to support his assertion that Castro and 
 Orton were not one and the same, but different persons, 
 were unsatisfactory, while, by his own confession, his 
 habitual associates in Austraha had been highway rob- 
 bers and other persons of the vilest class. With regard 
 to his life in Paris he admitted that his mind was *' a 
 blank," and he confessed that he could not read a line 
 of Roger Tichborne's letters in French. He gave an-
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 85 
 
 swers which evidenced gross ignorance on all the mat- 
 ters which Roger Tichborne's letters and other evidence 
 showed that he had studied. He said he did not think 
 Euclid was connected with mathematics, though Roger 
 Tichborne had passed an examination in Euclid ; that 
 he believed that a copy of Virgil handed to him was 
 '•in Greek," though Roger had made considerable pro- 
 ..ress in the study of Latin. He w^as compelled again 
 and again to admit that statements he had deliberately 
 made were absolutely false. When questioned with re- 
 gard to that most impressive of all episodes in Roger's 
 life, his love for his cousin, he showed himself unac- 
 quainted not merel)^ with precise dates but with the 
 broad outline of the story and the order of events. His 
 answers on these matters were again confused, and 
 wholly irreconcilable. Yet the Solicitor-General per- 
 sisting for good reasons in interrogating him on the 
 slanderous story of the sealed packet, he was com- 
 pelled to repeat in Court, though with considerable 
 variations, what he had long ago caused to be bruited 
 abroad. Mrs., now Lady, Radcliffe, by her own wish, 
 sat in Court beside her husband, confronting the false 
 witness on that occasion ; and they had the satisfac- 
 tion of hearing him convicted out of his own mouth, and 
 by the damnatory evidence of documents of undisputed 
 authenticity, of a deliberate series of abominable inven- 
 tions, having the two-fold object of punishing the lady 
 wdiom Roger loved so deeply, and of extricating himself 
 from the humiliating position of being obliged to con- 
 fess to his friends that he had been not merely unwill- 
 ing, but unable, to answer Mr. Gosford's test question. 
 It was during the course of this famous trial that the 
 pocket-book left behind by the claimant at Wagga- 
 Wagga was brought to England by the gentleman who 
 had discovered it. It was found to contain what ap-
 
 86 MEMORIES OF 
 
 peared to be earl)^ attempts at Tichborne signatures, in 
 the form " Rodger Char'es Tichborne," besides such 
 entries as " R. C. T., Bart., Tichborne Hall, Surrey, 
 England, G. B. ;" and among numerous other curious 
 memoranda in the Claimant's own handwriting was the 
 name and address, in full, of Arthur Orton's old sweet- 
 heart, at Wapping — the " respectiabel place " of which he 
 had assured liis supporters in England that he had not 
 the slightest knowledge. The exposure of Mr. Baigent's 
 unscrupulous partisanship by Mr. Hawkins, and the elo- 
 quent and argumentative address to the jury by Sir 
 John Coleridge, will be long remembered. At its con- 
 clusion a few family witnesses, including Lady Rad- 
 cliffe were heard, who deposed, among many other 
 matters, to the famous tattoo marks on Roger's arm ; 
 and, finally the jury declared that they were satisfied. 
 Then the Claimant's advisers, to avoid the inevitable 
 verdict for their opponents, elected to be non-suited — 
 that is to say, to drop their action. But, notwith- 
 standing these tactics. Lord Chief Justice Bovill, 
 under his warrant, immediately committed the Claimant 
 to Newgate on a charge of willful and corrupt perjury. 
 
 Thus the great Tichborne case had entirely broken 
 down ; and the interest of the infant. Sir Alfred Joseph 
 Tichborne, had been successfully defended, at a cost 
 however, of considerably over one hundred thousand 
 pounds. Practically, all hope of resuscitating the Claim- 
 ant's pretensions was now at an end ; but there were 
 still powerful persons who had staked their reputa- 
 tion for common sense on the truth of his wild story, 
 and there were others who, like Mr. Guildford Onslow, 
 M. P., had gambled heavily on the chances of his suc- 
 cess. That gentleman stood alone in his persevering 
 efforts to give color and support to the slanders upon 
 Lady Radcliffe and the long-exploded story of the
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 87 
 
 ** sealed packet," but though the Claimant had been 
 heard to confess to falsehood and calumny, and to de- 
 cline to give particulars of his admitted association in 
 Australia with horse-stealers, murderers, and highway- 
 robbers, on the ground that to do so " might render him 
 liable to a criminal prosecution," his most enthusiastic 
 partisans had not entirely withdrawn their countenance. 
 Accordingly, after a few weeks' delay, the Claimant was 
 released from Newgate on bail in the sum of i^ 10,000 — 
 his sureties being Earl Rivers, Mr. Guildford Onslow, 
 M. P., Mr. Whalley, M. P., and Mr. Alban Attwood, a 
 medical man, residing at Bayswater. 
 
 Then began that systematic agitation on the Claim- 
 ant's behalf, and those public appeals for subscriptions, 
 which were so remarkable a feature of the thirteen 
 months' interval between the civil and the Criminal trial. 
 The Tichborne Romance, as it was called, had made the 
 name of the Claimant famous ; and sight-seers through- 
 out the kingdom were anxious to get a glimpse of " Sir 
 Roger." It was true his case had entirely broken down, 
 but the multitude were struck by the fact that he could 
 still appear on platforms with excitable members of Par- 
 liament to speak for him, and could even find a lord to 
 be his surety. It was not every one who in reading the 
 long cross-examination of the Claimant had been able to 
 see the significance of the admissions which he was com- 
 pelled to make ; and owing to the Claimant's counsel 
 stopping the case on the hint of the jury, the other side 
 of the story had not really been heard. It was curious 
 that this fact was made an argument in the Claimant's 
 favor. "Why," asked his friends, "did the jury stop 
 the case before they had heard all the evidence?" They 
 forgot that the jury had listened patiently to every one 
 of the witnesses on the Claimant's side, and that although 
 they had declared themselves satisfied, the case must
 
 88 MEMORIES OF 
 
 have continued if the Claimant's advisers had not volun- 
 tarily relinquished the struggle. 
 
 Meanwhile, the propagandism continued until there 
 was hardly a town in the kingdom in which Sir Roger 
 Charles Tichborne, Bart., had not appeared on platforms 
 and addressed crowded meetings ; while Mr. Guildford 
 Onslow and Mr. Whalley were generally present to 
 deliver their foolish and inflammatory harangues. At 
 theaters and music halls, at pigeon matches and open air 
 fetes, the Claimant was perseveringly exhibited ; and 
 while the other side preserved a decorous silence, the 
 public never ceased to hear the tale of his imaginary 
 wrongs. A journal was actually started, entitled The 
 Tichborne Gazette, the sole function of which was to 
 excite the public mind still further ; and in the newspa- 
 pers appeared from time to time long lists of subscribers 
 to the Tichborne Defense Fund. It will be remembered 
 that the unexampled system of creating prejudice with 
 regard to a great trial still pending was permitted to con- 
 tinue long after the criminal trial had commenced. 
 There had been proceedings, it is true, for contempt 
 against the Claimant and his supporters, Mr. Onslow, 
 Mr. Whalley, and Mr. Skipworth, and fine and imprison- 
 ment were inflicted ; but the agitation continued, violent 
 attacks were made upon witnesses, and even upon the 
 judges then engaged in trying the case, and at length 
 the Court was compelled peremptorily to forbid all 
 appearances of the Claimant at public meetings. 
 
 The great " Trial at Bar," presided over by Sir Alex- 
 ancer Cockburn, Lord Chief Justice of the Queen's 
 Bench, Mr. Justice Mellor, and Mr. Justice Lush, com- 
 menced on the 23rd of April, 1873, and ended on the 28th 
 of February, 1874 — a period of a little over ten months. 
 On the side of the Crown were Mr. Hawkins and Mr. 
 Sergeant Parry ; on that of the defendant, Dr. Kenealy
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 89 
 
 and Mr. MacMahon, M. P. The pomp and ceremony 
 with which the proceedings were thus conducted was 
 inevitable, for it is only a trial at Bar before three judges 
 that can be continued without regard to the ordinary 
 periods of sessions or legal terms. But these stately 
 accessories necessarily impressed the mind of the popu- 
 lace, and the daily arrival and departure of the Claimant, 
 in the carriage provided for him by his supporters, were 
 witnessed by thousands of persons, shouting lustily for 
 " Sir Roger," while the object of their attentions, bow- 
 ing to right and left, gracefully acknowledged these 
 tokens of unabated popularity. 
 
 The leading incidents in the great trial which has oc- 
 cupied judge, jury, and counsel for just 188 days are 
 fresh in the memory of the public. On the side of the 
 prosecution 212 witnesses gave their testimony; but the 
 documentary evidence, including the enormous mass of 
 Roger Tichborne's letters, so valuable as exhibiting the 
 character, the pursuits, the thoughts, and feelings of the 
 writer, were scarcely less important. The entire Tich- 
 borne and Seymour families may be said to have given 
 their testimony against the Defendant. Unhappily, 
 Lady Doughty had passed away from the troubled scene 
 since the date of the last trial ; but she had been ex- 
 amined and cross-examined on her death-bed, and had 
 then repeated the evidence which she gave on the pre- 
 vious occasion, and declared that the Claimant was an 
 impostor. Lady Radcliffe again appeared in the witness 
 box, and told her simple story, confirmed as it was in 
 all important particulars by the correspondence and 
 other records. Old Paris friends and acquaintances were 
 unanimous. Father Fef^vre and the venerable Abb6 
 Sails, Chatillon, the tutor, and his wife, and numerous 
 others declared that this man was not Roger Tichborne, 
 and exposed his ignorance both of them and their past
 
 go MEMORIES OF 
 
 transactions. When questioned, the Defendant had 
 sworn that his father never had a servant named Gos- 
 sein ; but the letters of Sir James were shown to contain 
 numerous allusions to " my faithful Gossein," and Gos- 
 sein himself came into the witness box and told how he 
 had known Roger Tichborne from the cradle to his boy- 
 hood, and from his boyhood to the very hour of his 
 going on his travels. On the Orton question, nearly 
 fifty witnesses declared their conviction that the Defend- 
 ant sitting then before them was the butcher's son whom 
 they had known in Wapping. Testimony of that kind, 
 it is true, is of little value, though an exception should 
 be made in the case of Miss Loader, the old sweetheart 
 of Arthur Orton, who may be presumed to have remem- 
 bered him well. But the strength of the Orton case of 
 the prosecution lay in those documentary evidences of 
 undisputed authenticity, and, above all, in that singular 
 chain of circumstances which has been already noticed. 
 The witnesses from Australia and from South America 
 unhesitatingly identified the defendant with Orton ; 
 but it is more important to observe that theirtestimony 
 was supported by records and documents of various 
 kinds, including the ledgers of Mr. Foster, of Boisdale, 
 letters under the Defendant's own hand, and writings 
 which it could not be denied were from the hand of 
 Arthur Orton. 
 
 On the other side, the witnesses were still more 
 numerous. They included a great number of persons 
 from Wapping, who swore they did not recognize in the 
 Defendant the lad whom they had known as Arthur 
 Orton. Many others swore they had known both 
 Orton and the Defendant in Australia, and that they 
 were different persons, but their stories were irreconcil- 
 able with each other, and were, moreover, in direct con- 
 flict with the statements of the Claimant on oath, while
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 91 
 
 several of these witnesses were persons of proved bad 
 character, and unworthy of belief. Great numbers of 
 Carabineers declared that the Defendant was exactly 
 like their old officer; but, while ten officers of that regi- 
 ment appeared for the prosecution, and positively 
 affirmed that the Defendant was not Mr. Tichborne, 
 only two officers gave testimony on the other side ; and 
 even these admitted that they had doubts. Eight years 
 had elapsed since Mr. Gibbes fancied he had " spotted " 
 Sir Roger in his " hovel " at Wagga-Wagga, but still no 
 Arthur Orton was forthcoming ; nor did the sister of 
 Orton venture to come forward on behalf of the man 
 who had been compelled to admit having taken them 
 into his pay. Not only was the Claimant's story of his 
 wreck and rescue shown to have been absurd and im- 
 possible, but it was unsupported by any evidence, ex- 
 cept vague recollections of witnesses of having seen an 
 Osprey and some shipwrecked sailors at Melbourne, in 
 July, 1854; and it was admitted that if their tale were 
 true, the phantom vessel, and the fact of its picking up 
 nine precious lives, must have escaped the notice of 
 Lloyd's agents, of Custom House officers, and of the 
 Australian newspapers. Nay, more, the Claimant's 
 Osprey must have escaped the notice of such authorities 
 in every port which she had entered from the day that 
 she was launched. So, indeed, the matter stood, until 
 the witness Luie, the " pretended steward of the Osprey^' 
 swore to his strange story, as well as to the Defendant's 
 recognition of him by name as an old friend. The Luie 
 episode, terminating in the identification of that in- 
 famous witness as an habitual criminal and convict 
 named Lundgren, only recently released on a ticket-of- 
 leave, together with' the complete disproof of his elab- 
 orate Osprey story, is familiar to the public. It was a 
 significant fact that other witnesses for the defense were
 
 92 MEMORIES OF 
 
 admitted to be associates of this rascal ; while, one of 
 the most conspicuous of all — a man calling himself 
 " Captain " Brown — had pretended to corroborate por- 
 tions of Luie's evidence which are now proved to be 
 false. 
 
 Some allowance should certainly be made in the De- 
 fendant's favor for the singularly unskillful and damaging 
 character of his counsel, Dr. Kenealy's two addresses to 
 the jury, which occupied no less than forty-three entire 
 days. The learned counsel not only made violent per- 
 sonal attacks on every witness of importance for the 
 prosecution, without, as the judges observed, " any 
 shadow of foundation," but he assailed his own client 
 v>ith a vehemence and a persistence which are Avithout 
 parallel in the case of an advocate defending a person 
 against a charge of perjury. He gave up statements of 
 the Defendant at almost every period of his extra- 
 ordinary story as " false ;" declared them to be " moon- 
 shine ;" expressed his conviction that no sensible person 
 could for a moment believe them ; acknowledged that to 
 attempt to verify them in the face of the evidence, or even 
 to reconcile them with each other, would be hopeless ; 
 set down some as " arrant nonsense," denounced others 
 as " Munchausenisms," and recommended the jury " not 
 to believe them " with a heartiness which would have 
 been perfectly natural in the mouth of Mr Hawkins, but 
 which, coming from counsel for the defense, was as one 
 of the learned judges remarked, "strange indeed." But 
 the doctrine of the learned gentleman was that the very 
 extent of the perjury should be his client's protection, 
 because it showed that he was not a man " to be tried 
 by ordinary standards." When in addition to this, he 
 labored day after day to persuade the jury that Roger 
 Tichborne was a drunkard, a liar, a fool, an undutiful 
 son. an ungrateful friend, an abandoned libertine, — de-
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 93 
 
 clared in loud and impassioned tones that he would 
 ^' strip this jay of his borrowed plumes," and indignantly 
 repudiated the notion that the man his client claimed to 
 be had one single good quality about him, the humor of 
 the situation may be said to have reached its climax. 
 Yet Dr. Kenealy at least proved his sincerity by not 
 only insinuating charges against the gentleman who dis- 
 appeared with the Bella, but by actually calling wit- 
 nesses to contradict point blank statements of his own 
 client which lay at the very foundation of the charges 
 of perjury against him. 
 
 Mr. Hawkin's powerful address quickly disposed of 
 this singular mode of defense. The inquiry was raised 
 into a calmer height, when the Lord Chief Justice com- 
 menced his memorable summing up, going minutely 
 through the vast mass of testimony — depicting the true 
 character of Roger Tichborne from the rich mine of ma- 
 terials before him, contrasting it with that of the Defend- 
 ant, as shown by the evidence, and, while giving due 
 weight to the testimony in his favor, exposing by the 
 light which has been thrown on every point in this re- 
 markable case literally hundreds of examples of the 
 falsity of his statements made upon oath. 
 
 The verdict of GUILTY had been anticipated by all 
 who have paid attention to the evidence. The foreman 
 publicly declared that there was no doubt in the mind 
 of any juryman that the man who has for eight years as- 
 sumed the name and title of the gentleman whose un- 
 happy story is recorded in these pages, is an impostor, 
 who has added slander of the wickedest kind to his 
 many other crimes. But not only were they satisfied of 
 this ; they were equally agreed that he is Arthur Orton. 
 The sentence of fourteen years' penal servitude is 
 assuredly not too heavy a punishment for offenses so 
 enormous. It will be still more satisfactory if it shall be
 
 94 MEMORIES OF 
 
 found practicable to bring to justice the most prominent 
 of those persons who have continued to lend aid and 
 countenance to this most audacious attempt at frauds 
 long after the period at which the most charitable can 
 imagine that their eyes were not opened to its true 
 character. 
 
 FINAL SCENES IN THE TICHBORNE CASE. 
 
 It was just after 12 o'clock when the Jury retired to 
 consider their verdict, and in the court, every part of 
 which was densely crowded, great excitement prevailed. 
 Dr. Kenealy, who during all the previous days occupied 
 by the charge of the Lord Chief Justice was but rarely 
 present, and then only for a very short time, was in his 
 place. He arrived before the sitting of the Court, and 
 remained until the end of the proceedings. The De- 
 fendant was in his usual place. In the space between 
 the inner bar and the bench a sort of rude table, covered 
 with green baize, had been fixed to the floor; at this he 
 was seated, and before him were writing materials, 
 which, on previous occasions, he kept continually using. 
 At one side sat his solicitor and private secretary, on 
 the other the younger Bogle, his constant attendants 
 throughout the trial. He entered shortly before 10 
 o'clock, looking nervous and anxious, and seemed 
 struck by the appearance of three men in plain clothes, 
 who were sitting right in front of him, and who up to 
 that day had not appeared in court. Their services 
 were shortly to be required. As soon as the jury re- 
 tired, Mr. Frayling, jun., tipstaff of the Court, took his 
 place beside the Defendant in the seat before occupied 
 by the younger Bogle. On a sudden there was a hush, 
 and it was whispered, but hardly believed, that the 
 jury had agreed on their verdict. The jury returned
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 95 
 
 into court at 33 minutes past 12. They were absent 
 one minute less than half an hour, and every one now 
 knew what the verdict would be. They took their 
 places in the box, their names were called over, and the 
 foreman pronounced the verdict — " Guilty on all the 
 counts," with a special and emphatic vindication of 
 Lady Radcliffe. 
 
 The Defendant stood up, confused and abashed, to 
 hear his sentence. 
 
 Master COCKBURN, addressing the jury, said — " Gentle- 
 men, are you agreed upon your verdict ?" 
 
 The Foreman. — " We are." 
 
 Master CoCKBURN. — •' Do you find the defendant 
 guilty or not guilty on the first count? " 
 
 The Foreman. — " Guilty ^ 
 
 Master CocKBURN.— " Do you find the Defendant 
 guilty or not guilty on the second count ?" 
 
 The Foreman. — " Guilty" 
 
 Master CocKBURN. — " You say he is guilty on both 
 counts, and that is the verdict of you all?" 
 
 The Foreman. — "That is the verdict of us all." 
 
 The Lord Chief Justice. — " Are you agreed upon all 
 the issues ? Are you agreed that the Defendant is not 
 Roger Tichborne ? " 
 
 The Foreman. — " We are, my Lord." 
 
 The Lord Chief Justice. — "Are you agreed that he 
 is Arthur Orton?" 
 
 The Foreman. — " We are." 
 
 The Lord Chief Justice. — "Are you agreed on the 
 issue of the assignment of perjury in reference to the 
 sealed packet and Lady Radcliffe ? " 
 
 The Foreman. — " We are," 
 
 Mr. Hawkins. — " On behalf of the Crown, I pray for 
 immediate judgment on the Defendant." 
 
 The Foreman of the Jury, — " I will read the verdict.
 
 96 MEMORIES OF 
 
 We find, first, that the Defendant is not Roger Charles 
 Doughty Tichborne ; secondly, we find that the De- 
 fendant did not seduce Miss Catherine Doughty, now 
 Lady Radcliffe, and, further, we find that there is not 
 the slightest evidence that Roger Charles Doughty 
 Tichborne was ever guilty of undue familiarity with his 
 cousin, Lady Radcliffe, on any occasion whatever (ap- 
 plause) ; thirdly, we find that the Defendant is Arthur 
 Orton." 
 
 The Lord Chief Justice. — " That disposes of all the 
 issues." 
 
 The Forman then handed to the Lord Chief Justice 
 a written paper prepared by the jury, and asked the 
 opinion of the Court whether it was a proper one to be 
 read. 
 
 The Lord Chief Justice. — " Yes, I think it is quite 
 right. This is the general opinion of you all ? " 
 
 The Foreman. — " Yes, my Lord, the general opinion of 
 us all." 
 
 The Lord Chief Justice thereupon read the paper, 
 which was in these terms : 
 
 " The jury desire to express their opinion that the 
 
 charges of bribery, conspiracy, and undue influence 
 
 brought against the prosecution in this case are entirely 
 
 devoid of foundation ; and they regret exceedingly the 
 
 violent language and demeanor of the leading counsel 
 
 for the defendant in his attacks upon the conduct of the 
 
 prosecution and upon several of the witnesses produced 
 
 in the case. 
 
 " (Signed) H. F. DiCKENS, Foreman." 
 
 The Defendant having been ordered to stand up, 
 
 Mr. Justice Mellor pronounced the sentence of the 
 
 Court upon him as follows : " Thomas Castro, otherwise 
 
 called Arthur Orton, otherwise called Roger Charles 
 
 Doughty Tichborne, Baronet, after a trial of unex-
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 97 
 
 ampled duration, you have been convicted by the jury 
 of the several perjuries charged in the counts of this in 
 dictment, and which were truly described by your 
 counsel as " crimes as black and foul as Justice ever 
 raised her sword to strike." In the trial of your case 
 the jury have exhibited a care, a patience, and an in- 
 telligence never surpassed — indeed, it was such as to 
 extort expressions of admiration from your own counsel, 
 and their verdict meets with the unanimous approval of 
 the Court. Indeed, it is difficult to conceive how any 
 person who has considered the intrinsic improbabilities 
 of your story, and has intelligently considered the evi- 
 dence which has been adduced in the course of this 
 trial, could have come to any other conclusion. The 
 testimony of individuals, however numerous or respect- 
 able they may be, to your personal identity with either 
 Arthur Orton or Roger Tichborne is comparatively of 
 little worth after so great a lapse of time, except in the 
 instances in which there existed special interest to ob- 
 serve and remember you. Of course the evidence of 
 Miss Loader, of the family of Roger Tichborne, and of 
 Mr. Gosford is of great importance in this case, and 
 when I mention the name of Mr. Gosford I pause for a 
 moment — speaking for myself at all events — to say that 
 he has placed public justice greatly in his debt. 
 
 "Your entire ignorance of the native tongue of Roger 
 Tichborne coupled with at least the partial acquisition 
 of another language, the tattoo marks which were 
 proved to have existed on the arm of the undoubted 
 Roger Tichborne, and his genuine letters, and the letters 
 written by you, whether in the character of Roger Tich- 
 borne or Arthur Orton, the admissions expressly made 
 or in.plied in your conduct, and all that is known of 
 the history of the life and character of Roger Tichborne 
 
 and of yourself present an accumulation of proof such as 
 II.— 7
 
 98 MEMORIES OF 
 
 can rarely be given in a court of justice, and which con- 
 clusively demonstrates the propriety of the verdict of 
 the jury. No man can look with an unprejudiced mind 
 and a clear observation at the letters of the undoubted 
 Roger Tichborne without coming to the conclusion that 
 they were never written by you, while between the un 
 doubted letters of Arthur Orton and your own there fs 
 evidence of identity most complete and convincin^^" 
 Of what avail could the negative evidence of youi 
 identity with Arthur Orton be against the circumstances 
 connected with your visit to Wapping, with your as- 
 sumption of a false name, and your correspondence and 
 dealings with the family of Arthur Orton, added to the 
 fact that your counsel did not venture to put into the 
 box Arthur Orton's sisters, who, from the very first, were 
 in your interest, who had received money from you, and 
 had made affidavits in your favor ? The inference from 
 your not calling them is irresistable — namely, that they 
 were possessed of knowledge which must have tended 
 strongly to prove your identity with Arthur Orton. 
 That question, important as it is, is only material as 
 affording one of the modes of proof that you are not 
 and can not be Roger Tichborne. 
 
 " Whether you originally conceived and planned the 
 entire scheme which you ultimately carried out, I know 
 not. The marvelous growth and development of your 
 knowledge as to the circumstances connected with the 
 history of Roger Tichborne and his military life, leave 
 it uncertain whether your original design was not en- 
 larged by reason of the ease with which you found 
 people so ready to become your dupes, and, I fear, in 
 some cases, your accomplices. However that may be, 
 in the carrying out of your scheme you hesitated at no> 
 amount of perjury and fraud which you thought to be 
 necessary to its success. Wicked and nefarious as it was
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. 99 
 
 to impose yourself upon society as Roger Charles Tich- 
 borne, and to attempt to deprive the lawful heir of his 
 inheritance, that offense sinks almost into insignificance 
 when compared with the still more infamous perjury by 
 which you sought to support your scheme. I refer to your 
 attempt to blast the reputation of Lady Radcliffe. No 
 more foul or deliberate falsehood was ever heard in a 
 court of justice. I can hardly restrain the indignation 
 which I feel at the incredible baseness of your conduct 
 in that respect. Happily the means of refuting that 
 cowardly calumny were immediately at hand, and never 
 was a charge so completely shattered and exposed as 
 was that. It is not, however, because the refutation of 
 the falsehood was singularly easy and complete that the 
 baseness of your conduct is diminished. I believe I am 
 speaking the sentiment of every member of the Court 
 when I say that the punishment about to be assigned 
 by the Court is wholly inadequate to your offense. The 
 framers of the Act of Parliament that fixes and limits 
 the sentence which the Court is authorized to pass upon 
 you, never dreamed of circumstances so aggravated as 
 exist in your case. The sentence of the Court which I 
 now pronounce is, that for the perjury alleged in the 
 first count of this indictment upon which you have been 
 convicted, you be kept in penal servitude for the term 
 of seven years ; and that for the perjury alleged in the 
 second count of this indictment, of which you have also 
 been convicted, you be kept in penal servitude for the 
 further term of seven years, to commence immediately 
 upon the expiration of the term of penal servitude as- 
 signed to you in respect of your conviction upon the 
 first count of this indictment, and that is the sentence 
 of the Court." 
 
 The Defendant. — *' May I be allowed to say a few 
 words? "
 
 loo MEMORIES OF 
 
 The Lord Chief Justice. — " No." 
 
 The Defendant then shook hands with his leading 
 counsel, Dr. Kenealy, and was immediately afterwards 
 removed from the Court in the custody of Mr. Frayling, 
 jun., the tipstaff. 
 
 LEADING DATES IN THE TICHBORNE CASE. 
 
 1829. — Roger Tichborne born. 
 1849. — Entered the army. 
 
 1852, January. — Proposed marriage to his cousin, 
 
 Miss Doughty, and was rejected. 
 
 1853, June 19. — Arrived at Valparaiso, from Havre. 
 
 1854, April 20. — Sailed from Rio Janeiro, in the Bella, 
 
 which foundered at sea. 
 
 1865, May 19. — Lady Tichborne advertises for her son. 
 
 1866, July 3. — The Claimant, found by Gibbes and 
 
 Cubitt, in Australia, asserts that he and eight 
 others were saved from the wreck of the Bella; 
 that he went to Australia, and lived there 
 thirteen years in the name of Castro. Was 
 married there as Castro ; afterward re-married 
 as Tichborne. 
 
 1867, January. — Claimant comes from Australia ; and 
 
 is accepted by Lady Tichborne as her son, at 
 Paris. Is repudiated as an impostor by all the 
 other members of the family, excepting Sir 
 Clifford Constable. 
 
 1870. — Evidence taken in Chancery ; commissions sent 
 out to take evidence in Australia and South 
 America. 
 
 1871, May II. — Trial to recover the Tichborne estates 
 (valued at ;^24,C)00 a year) begun in the Court 
 of Common Pleas, before Chief Justice Bovill. 
 Chief counsel for Claimant, Sergeant Ballan-
 
 WESTMINSTER HALL. loi 
 
 tine ; chief counsel for defendants — the trustees 
 of Sir Henry Tichborne, a minor — Sir J. Col- 
 eridge, then Solicitor-General (afterwards Attor- 
 ney-General). Claimant examined twenty-two 
 days. Trial adjourned on fortieth day, July 7; 
 resumed November 7 ; case for Claimant closed 
 December 21. 
 
 1872, January 15. — Trial resumed. Sir J. Coleridge 
 spoke twenty-six days. 
 
 1872, March 6, — 103rd day of the trial. Jury interposed, 
 and declared themselves satisfied that Claimant 
 was not Sir Roger Tichborne ; Sergeant Bal- 
 lantine, on behalf of the Claimant, elected to be 
 non-suited. 
 
 1872, March 6. — Chief Justice Bovill ordered Claimant 
 into custody, to be tried for perjury. 
 
 1872, April 9. — Claimant indicted as Castro, otherwise 
 Orton. 
 
 1872, Aj^ril 23. — Court of Queen's Bench allowed 
 
 prisoner to be released on bail. 
 
 1873, January 11. — Mr. G. Onslow, M.P., and Mr. Whal- 
 
 ley, M.P., ordered to appear before the Court 
 for contempt. 
 
 1873, April 23. — Trial of Claimant begins at bar, before 
 Lord Chief Justice Cockburn, Justice Lush, 
 and Justice Mellon Chief Counsel for prosecu- 
 tion, Mr. Hawkins, Q.C., and Mr. Sergeant 
 Parry. Chief counsel for prisoner, Dr. Kenealy 
 Q.C., and Mr. McMahon. 
 
 1873, July 22. — Dr. Kenealy opens his speech for the 
 defense. 
 
 1873, August 21. — First witness called for the defense. 
 
 1873, September 18. — The Claimant forbidden by the 
 Lord Chief Justice to attend public meetings. 
 
 1873, September 23. — looth day of the trial.
 
 I02 WESTMINSTER HALL. 
 
 1873, October 14. — Luie called as a witness. 
 1873, October 27. — Case for the defense closes. 
 1873, December 2. — Dr. Kenealy begins his closing 
 speech for the defense. 
 
 1873, December ii. — Luie ordered into custody for 
 
 perjury. 
 
 1874, January 15. — Mr. Hawkins begins his reply for 
 
 the Crown. 
 
 1874, January 29. — Lord Chief Justice begins his sum- 
 ming-up. 169th day of the trial. 
 
 1874, February 28th. — i88th day of the trial ; verdict — 
 guilty; sentence — fourteen years' penal ser- 
 vitude.
 
 AN EXAMINATION OF THE TESTIMONY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 FOUR EVANGELISTS, 
 
 BY THE RULES OF EVIDENCE ADMINISTERED 
 IN COURTS OF JUSTICE. 
 
 WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE TRIAL OF JESUS. 
 
 By SIMON GREENLEAF, LL.D., 
 
 Late Dam Professor of Law in Harvard University ^ author of " Treatiie »n 
 the Law of Evidence," 
 
 WITH AN APPENDIX 
 
 CONTAINING THE VARYING VERSIONS OF THE MOST ANCIENT 
 MANUSCRIPTS, AS COMPARED WITH THE KING JAMES BIBLE. 
 
 By CONSTANTINE TISCHENDORFF. 
 
 The author is a lawyer, very learned in his profession, 
 acute, critical, and used to raising and meeting practical 
 doubts. Author of a treatise on the law of evidence, 
 which has become a classic in the hands of the profession 
 which he adorns, and teacher in one of the Law Seminaries 
 which do honor to our country in the eyes of Europe, he 
 brings rare qualifications for the task he assumes. * * * 
 Such are our views of this work which we commend to 
 all ; to the legal profession, from the character of its 
 topics and the rank of its author : to men desirous of 
 knowledge, in every rank in life, because of its presenting 
 this subject under such treatment as is applied to every
 
 GREENLEAF ON THE EVANGELISTS. 
 
 day practical questions. It does not touch the intrinsic 
 evidences of the Gospel : those which to the believer are, 
 after all, the highest proofs. But it is to be remembered, 
 that these are proofs which are not satisfactory until an 
 examination of the outward evidence has led men to the 
 conviction, that the Gospels cannot be false. — Extract from 
 the Ne7v York Observer. 
 
 It is the production of an able and profound lawyer, a 
 man who has grown grey in the halls of justice and the 
 schools of jurisprudence ; a writer of the highest authority 
 on legal subjects, whose life has been spent in weighing 
 testimony and sifting evidence, and whose published opin- 
 ions on the rules of evidence are received as authoritative 
 in all the English and American tribunals ; for fourteen 
 years the highly respected colleague of the late Mr. Justice 
 Story, and also the honored head of the most distinguished 
 and prosperous school of English law in the world. — 
 North American Review. 
 
 It is no mean honor to America that her schools of 
 jurisprudence have produced two of the first writers and 
 best esteemed legal authorities of this century — the great 
 and good man. Judge Story, and his worthy and eminent 
 associate Professor Greenleaf. Upon the existing Law o\ 
 Evidence (by Greenleaf), more light has shone from the 
 New World than from all the lawyers who adorn the 
 courts of Europe. — Lo?tdon La%v Magazine. 
 
 PRICES : 
 
 Bound in Best English Cloth. $5.00 
 
 Bound in Library Sheep, 6.00
 
 A COMPLETE LIBRARY OP RAILWAY LAW. 
 
 AMERICAN RAILWAY REPORTS. 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 J. Henry Tru.^ia:^', Esq., of the Chicago Bar, 
 
 AND 
 
 John A. Mallory, Esq., of the New York Bar. 
 
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 In view of these facts, we have caused to be prepared, with great 
 care, a series of Railway Reports, in which the attainment of the 
 following objects is proposed. 
 
 1. To furnish a correct report of EVEEY DECISION on any topic 
 
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 sold at the NET CASH price of $5.00 per volume. 
 
 Vols. 1, 2, and ?,. now ready.
 
 A HEW EBiTIOH OP 
 DILLON 
 
 ON 
 
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 A Treatise on the Law of Municipal Corporations, 
 
 BY 
 
 Hon. JOHN F. DH.LON, LL. D. 
 
 L'. S. Circuit Judjre, Fliglith Circuit, and late one of the Justices of the Supreme 
 Court of Iowa. 
 
 Secorsdl Edition, Revised asid Creatly Eniarged, 
 
 Ccrstsinsrsg 1143 Additjonal cases. 
 
 2 YoJs. N;t Cash Price, $12.00. 
 
 The second edititiou of this great work is now reaay for delivery. 
 
 The first edition met with almost unexanipled favor with the 
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 since the first edition, and in many instances referring to cases not 
 yet regularly reported. 
 
 On the subject of MUNICIPAL BONDS and SECURITIES, the 
 work has been greatly enlarged and re-cast, and all the late cases in 
 (he Federal and State Courts fully given.
 
 NEARLY READY. 
 
 WRIGHT 
 
 ON THE 
 
 LAW OF CRIMINAL CONSPIRACIES 
 
 AND AGREEMENTS. 
 
 WITH AMERICAN NOTES. 
 
 By EUGENE T. GARDNER, 
 
 OF THE NKW YOUIC BAR. 
 
 CITING EVERY AMERICAN CASE. 
 Complete in one vol., 8vo. 
 
 ■* This is a volume upon perliaps the most iraporlant subject of our 
 4uy. Criminal conspiracies and agreements are commonly understood 
 to be conspiracies and agreements to commit crimes, and it is only lately 
 that the public mind has learned to understand what olFences are 
 considered as crimes so as to be subject matter of conspiracy. The 
 history of the question as related by Mr. Wright shows how diiiicult 
 it has been found to agree upon a good definition of conspiracy. 
 
 " Mr. Wright discusses the; whole subject with much learning and 
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 correct, but which reveal the difficulties of the law. 
 
 " As a study of a difficult subject Mr. Wright's treatise is to be 
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 comprehended the principles governing the decisions. The leading 
 cases will be found in an appendix." — London Law Tlme.s.
 
 DIGEST 
 
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 THE LAWS 
 
 OP 
 
 THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 
 COMPiaSING THE 
 
 REVISED STATUTES 
 
 AND 
 
 STATUTES OF GENERAL INTEREST. 
 By JOSEPH D. FAT, 
 
 OF THE NEW YORK BAR. 
 
 The Statutes are given ia fall, not a word omitted. The word 
 " Digest " is simply used to give a proper idea of the arrangement. The 
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 deserve the thanks of the Bench and Bar for this very convenient and 
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 Law Register.
 
 FASV30US CASES 
 
 OP 
 
 CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE. 
 
 "WITH AN 
 
 Introduction on the Theory of Presumptive Proo£ 
 
 BY S. M. PHILLIPPS, 
 
 Author of'''' Phillipps on Evidence." 
 
 SECOND EDITION, GREATLY ENLARGED. 
 
 Prices : In Cloth Binding, $3 50. In Law Sheep, $4 50. 
 
 SENT BY MAIL PREPAID ON RECEIPT OF PRICE. 
 
 It has been endeavored in this collection to gather as many 
 properly authenticated cases of Circumstantial Evidence as possible. 
 No work of the kind has ever before been published, and the cases 
 were only to be found in various scattered volumes of reports and 
 periodicals. The admirable introduction by Mr. Phillipps, on the 
 Theory of Presumptive Proof, together with his able analysis of the 
 celebrated case of Captain Donallan, is a most valuable addition to the 
 book. 
 
 ^ Aside from its legal character, the work is one of absorbing 
 interest and its study is as attractive as it is profitable. i 
 
 This volume, with its most remarkable record, is not only of 
 value to the criminal lawyer, but it is an invaluable contribution to 
 the interests of humanity. It shows us more eloquently than forensic 
 eloquence can portray, the uncertainty of evidence and the utter unre- 
 liability of that of a circumstantial character. 
 
 ) " The ' Introduction,' by Mr. Phillips, is an elaborate essay on the 
 Theory of Presumptive Proof, and will richly repay perusal. The 
 whole book is a marvellous comment on the uncertainty of the law. 
 We wish a copy of it could be in the hands of every jurist in the 
 country. We shudder when we think of the long roll of those who 
 have been unjustly sent down to dishonored graves, and we shall be 
 glad if the reading of this volume shall result in more caution in the 
 finding of a verdict, and greater hesitancy in sacrificing life to that 
 most uncertain of all things in this world, circumstantial evidence." — 
 Christian at Work.
 
 CAUSES CELEBEES. 
 
 The publishers beg leave to announce that they have just pub- 
 lished Vols. 1, 2, and 3 of a series of CAUSES CELBBRES. 
 The selection of Trials is carefully made with special reference to 
 the value of each as a model of legal argument and eloquence, of 
 skillful examination of witnesses, and of signal ability in the gen- 
 eral conduct of the case. 
 
 THE TRIAL OF QUEEN CAROLINE 
 
 has been selected as the first of the series, as it presents, in t 
 pre-eminent degree, specimens of the masterly skill of Counsel, 
 both in their speeches and examination of witnesses. 
 
 The following list of counsel will show the eminent legtd 
 talent engaged in the conduct of the trial. It is an array which 
 has never been equallea. 
 
 FOR THE GOVERNMENT: 
 
 Attorney General, Mr. GIFFORD, 
 
 Afterwards, Lord Gifford. 
 
 Solicitor General, Mr. SERGEANT COPLEY, 
 
 Afterwards, Lord Lyndhurst. 
 
 Mr. PARKE, 
 
 Afterwards, Lord Wensleydale, and English Baron of 
 
 the Exchequer. 
 
 FOR THE QUEEN: 
 
 Mr. BROUGHAM, 
 
 Afterwards, Lord Brougham, and Lord High Chan. 
 cellor.
 
 Causes Cdibres. 
 
 Mr. DENMAN, 
 
 Afterwards, Lord Chief JuBtice and Lord Denmui. 
 
 Mr. SERGEANT WILDE, 
 
 Afterwards, Lord Truro and Lord High Chancellor. 
 
 Mr. LUSHINGTON, 
 
 Afterwards, Judge of the High Court of Admiralty. 
 
 Mr. TINDAL, 
 
 Afterwards, Solicitor General aud Chief Justice of the 
 
 Common Pleas. 
 
 Mr. WILLIAMS, 
 
 Afterwards, Judge of the Court of King's Bench. 
 
 LORD ELDON was Lord High Chancellor. 
 
 The argument of Counsel and their examinations of the witnesses 
 are given IN FULL. A full and minute report of the trial, taken 
 from the Journal of the House of Lords, has been secured, and an 
 accurate and complete report of the case can therefore be confidently 
 promised. The report of the trial is complete in three octavo 
 volumea 
 
 OPINIONS OF EMINENT JCKISTS AND OTHERS. 
 
 Our Law of Evidence has been much enriched by the decisions 
 in the " Queen's Case."— Zor^ Camplell. 
 
 The House of Lords resumed its sittings on October 3rd, and 
 was, on that day, addressed by Brougham in one of the most pow- 
 erful orations that ever proceeded from human lips. His arguments, 
 his observations, his tones, his attitude, his eye, left an impression
 
 Caush Calibres. 
 
 on every mind which is scarcely ever renewed without exciting 
 strong emotion. The peroration was sublime. " Spare the altar, 
 which must stagger with the shock that rends its kindred throne." 
 Ekskine rushed out op the House in tears. — Lord Denman. 
 
 On August 21st the examination of witnesses began and lasted 
 till September 7th, including those two great master pieces of 
 
 FORENSIC SKILL, THE CROSS-EXAMINATIONS OP ThEODORE MaSOCCHI 
 
 BY Brougham and op Louise Demont by Williams. — Lord Denman. 
 
 The Speeches of the advocates on both sides, may be perused 
 as models of high order, in their respective styles of forensic elo- 
 quence. — Hughes' History of England. 
 
 The defense was conducted with transcendent ability by her coun- 
 sel; the speech of Mr. Brougham in particular, is one of the finest 
 specimens of forensic eloquence in the English language. — James 
 Taylor^ D.D.^ in the Imperial Dictionary of Biography. 
 
 There probably would have been more instances of unseemly in- 
 terference with the ordinary course of legal inquiry if one man 
 (Mr. Brougham,) had not stood in the midst of that a.S3embly, 
 whose wliole bearing was that of authority and command ; whose 
 look denouncing "battle dangerous" if any rash offense were given, 
 made the boldest peer prudent. ^ * * There was anether of the 
 Queen's law-officers (Mr. Denman,) who dared to fix his eyes upon 
 a prince of the blood, exclaiming " come forth, thou slanderer." 
 On the 3d of October, Mr. Brougham entered upon the Queen's 
 defense. His speech on that day and the following may be cited 
 amongst the greatest examples of forensic eloquence. — Knighfs 
 History of England. 
 
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 "TO ALL ATTOKNEYS WHO WANT A CLIENT." 
 
 ADVENTURES OF AN ATTORNEY 
 
 IN SEARCH OF PRACTICE. 
 
 By SAMUEL WARREN, D. C. L., 
 Authoro/"Diaryo/aPhysicia7t" "Ten Thotisanda Year," "Law Studies," &;'c.,&'c. 
 
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 NEW, REVISED AND ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF 
 
 LORD CAMPBELL'S 
 LIVES OF THE CHIEF JUSTICES 
 
 OF ENGLAND. 
 
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 THE LIFE 
 
 OP 
 
 THOMAS, FIEST LORD BENMAN, 
 
 FOKMERLY 
 
 LOED CHIEF JUSTICE OP ENGLAND. 
 
 Bx SiE JOSEPH ARNOULD, 
 
 'LATE JUDGE OF THE HIGH COURT OF BOMBAY. 
 
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 Justice of England. Denman presided in the court during an import- 
 ant era in the hi.story of our more recent jurisprudence, and earned 
 the title of the ' good and great' chief justice. Mr. Edward Everett, 
 in a letter to him, on the occasion of his resignation, truthfully 
 observed: 'Your course as a statesman and magistrate, and in both 
 capacities as a great asserter of liberal principles, has probably com- 
 manded a more unanimous sympathy in the United States than even in 
 your own England.' Every American lawyer will feel a more intimate 
 acquaintance with English law by reading the lives of these sages — 
 lives full of struggle, but crowned with lasting and well deserved 
 honors." — Central Law Journal.
 
 NEW, REVISED /^ND ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF 
 
 CAMPBELL'S 
 LIVES OF THE LOED .CHANCELLORS 
 
 AND KEEPERS OF THE GREAT SEAL OF ENGLAND. 
 
 From the Earliest Times till tJie Reign of Victoria, 
 
 INCLUDING THB 
 
 LIVES OF LOEDS LYNDHURST AND BEOTJGHAM. 
 Edited by JOHN ALLAN" MALLORY, 
 
 OP THE NEW YORK EAR. 
 
 FINELY PRINTED ON HEAVY LAID PAPER. 
 
 FULLY ILLUSTRATED, and bound uniform with the new octavo edition 
 of the Lord Chief Justices, by the same Author. 
 
 Cloth Beveled, 10 vols, large 8vo. $3.50 pervoL 
 Law Sheep, " " " 4.50 " 
 
 Half Calf Extra, " " " 6.00 
 
 OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 
 
 In presenting for our contemplation, in these volumes, the lives 
 and characters of the most illustrious lawyers of by-gone centuries, 
 Lord Campbell performed an herculean labor, but it is one that will 
 remain a monument to his own ability, diligence, and attachment to 
 his profession, for all coming time. — Evening Telegraph, Pittsburgh. 
 
 Notwithstanding the spiteful witticism of Lerd Brougham, that to be 
 immortalized in biography by Lord Campbell added new terrors to 
 death, the biographies of the judicial magnates of England by the 
 latter continue to be received as of the highest interest and value on 
 both sides of the Atlantic, and in all probability will henceforth stand 
 unquestioned as a graphic, clear-sighted, critical, but not unfair 
 presentation of their lives and characters. The publishers deserve the 
 thanks of the public for bringing the volumes out in so handsome 
 itnd solid a form, and so fully illustrated. — Gazette. 
 
 The vivacity of Lord Campbell's style, the extent of his learning, 
 the profusion of anecdotes and sharp etchings of character, make 
 the volume one of the most entertaining even to the general reader, 
 to whom legal history is dry. — Hartford Gourant. 
 
 This work should be most extensively read. These volumes 'will 
 be almost as useful as Blackstone's Commentaries, and should be 
 m the hands of every student of law. — Troy Whig.
 
 MEMOEIES of WESTMINSTER HALL 
 
 A COLLECTION OF 
 
 Interesting Incidents, Anecdotes and Historical Sketches 
 
 RELATING TO WESTMINSTER HALL, 
 
 Its Famous Judges and Lawyers and its Great Trials. 
 
 V^STH AN H2STOi?2CAL mTRODUCTiON 
 
 BY 
 
 EDWARD FOSS, F. R. S. 
 
 AUTHOR OF THE LIVES qF THE JUDGES OP ENGLAND. 
 HANDSOMELY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 2 Vols. 8vo. - - $7.00. 
 
 SUPERBLY PRINTED ON TINTED PAPER AND ELEGANTLY BOUND. 
 
 There is no other monument in all England so vital and so vocal aa 
 Westminster Hall. Its foundations were laid about eight hundred years 
 ago. Intended at first as a place for royal festivals and ceremonials of 
 state, it has come, through the manifold changes in the progress of the 
 British nation to be the synonym of its history. There have been 
 tried its distinguished criminals; its halls have resounded with the 
 loftiest strains of eloquence that ever incited war or counselled peace ; 
 it has echoed to the strifes between kings and commons ; its floors have 
 been wet with the tears of queens thurst down from their high places 
 to become the victims of political persecution or of personal malice. 
 Through it passed Anne Boleyn on her way to the block ; there Sir 
 Thomas More and the Earl of Strafford and other illustrious friends 
 of liberty were impleaded for offences against the royal prerogative ; 
 there sat the Long Parliament, and there the heroic Oliver thundered 
 the advent of the Commonwealth. 
 
 Through its corridors still echoes the resonant eloquence of O'CoN- 
 NELL, pleading for the rights of down-trodden Ireland : around its 
 columns are yet entwined the imperitihable laurels won by the im- 
 petuous philippics of Fox, the glittering and persuasive logic of 
 Sheridan, the imperial strength of Burke and the stately dogma- 
 tism of ihe younger Pitt. 
 
 For England, Westminster Hall is both a glory and a shame. We 
 are content to venerate it from afar, and earnestly hope that for our
 
 republic tliere may never rise an historic edifice so filled as it is with 
 records over which mankind must weep, even though admiring the 
 splendid shrine that contains them. 
 
 The annals of Westminster Hall, though darkened along their couraa 
 by many a crime, have nevertheless fascinations of an extraordinary 
 character for those who love to study history as a concrete philosophy. 
 
 The pleadings of Erskine, the fiery and ferocious eloquence of 
 Rkocgham and the grave decisions of eminent jurists, can never be con 
 fined to the precincts of Westminster Hall. So large is truth, that they 
 who speak it, speak it to all and forever. Hence the genius which has 
 Bhed its lustre over the courts, the parliaments, and the convocations 
 of Westminster is as imperishable now as when it first broke into dawn 
 or shot into meridian splendor. While mankind is one, and a common 
 nature pleads in behalf of common interests, all civilized peoples will 
 be debtors to those great leaders who, in times of high emergency, 
 wrested freedom from its foes and made their lives a sacrifice for the 
 benefit of those who should come after them. If true nobility of char- 
 acter is to be estimated, not by what it gains, but by what it gives, 
 then we have all a sacred trust to guard in the memories of the men 
 who displayed their courage whether as judges or legislators, culprits 
 or advocates, in Westminster Hall, in behalf of the sacred cause of 
 freedom. Not by theorists has the world got its wealth. Utopian 
 dreamers live and die in the midst of their own imaginings. As sil- 
 vered clouds float emptily in the sky, beautiful to the eye, yet full of 
 mockery to the parched earth, so mere speculative philanthropists have 
 bedizened and disappointed the weary waiting heart of depressed 
 humanity. The real benefactors of our race are the men who act and 
 sufiFer. They give flame to their convictions. Their beliefs are formu- 
 lated into deeds. They stand beside the anvil and forge the bolts that 
 shall be felt. They die and become more living, when dead, than when 
 they were sweating and bleeding in the flesh. He who did the most 
 for mankind and the ages said the least. He embodied his life in a 
 force, and the force was the throbbing of his heart. So, more and more 
 criticism must fix the worth or worthlessness of men by what they 
 have done in the service of their kind. Tried by this rule, the memo- 
 rials of Westminster Hall have a lasting value. This is well illustra- 
 ted in the many anecdotes and sketches of such men as Lord Ellen- 
 borough, Lord Thurlow, Sergeant Vauguan, Lord Lyndiiurst 
 and others. Judging from the volume now in hand, we are inclined 
 to think that this work will be received with great favor by lovers oi 
 substantial knowledge. — Christian at Work.
 
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