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 ALFRED A. REED, 
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ANECDOTES OF HERALDRY, 
 
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 LE OP OLD 
 BtJZE OFAFSTRIA. 
 
 Il 
 
ANECDOTES OF HERALDRY. 
 
 IN WHICH IS SET FORTH THE ORIGIN OF 
 
 THE ARMORIAL BEARINGS OF 
 
 MANY FAMILIES. 
 
 BY C. N. ELVIN, M. A., 
 
 HON. MEM. SOCIETY OF ANTIQUAKIES OF 
 NEWCASTLE-UPOX-TYKR. 
 
 LONDON: 
 BELL AND DALDY, 186, FLEET STREET. 
 
 1864. 
 

 PKEFACE. 
 
 HOULD any one ask what my 
 object is in publishing this collec- 
 tion of heraldic anecdotes, which 
 have neither the dramatic attraction of purely 
 fictitious tales, nor the grace and elegance of 
 classic or romantic inventions, I reply that, if 
 they be inferior to the species of composition 
 above-mentioned in grace and elegance, they 
 are superior to them in truth and precision ; 
 and in the fact^ that they do not refer to mere 
 mythical personages, but to real men ; to kings, 
 to warriors, to statesmen, or to sages, who, 
 during the little time allotted them, did their 
 best to serve their native land, or their fellow- 
 creatures, or to win honour for themselves; 
 
 190 
 
vi Preface. 
 
 and furthermore, I add, that firmly believing 
 Hekaldry to be a science most elevating to 
 the mind in its tendency, and even, in many 
 cases, of great practical utility, my wish is to 
 arouse in those unacquainted with the science 
 a desire to enter into the subject; and that my 
 aim will be fully attained should any one by 
 the perusal of these legends be sufficiently 
 amused or interested to prosecute the study. 
 
 That the tendency of Heraldry is to elevate 
 the mind is obvious, for, withdrawing our at- 
 tention from the merely sordid considerations 
 which refer to profit and loss, it bids us for a 
 while employ ourselves with those classes of 
 action which, whether they belong to piety, or 
 valour, or industry, or learning, have won for 
 those who performed them, if not wealth, yet 
 undying fame, and outward marks which hand 
 down their deeds to the latest posterity. And 
 if the consideration of high and noble things 
 raises and ennobles our souls, as it surely does, 
 then is my assertion as to the tendency of 
 Heraldry correct. 
 
Preface, vii 
 
 That it is in many cases useful no one can 
 deny ; by its assistance family is distinguished 
 from family ; connections and intermarriages 
 are pointed out; services rendered to king 
 and country are recorded ; and that, too, by a 
 method which enables us to take in the whole 
 subject at a glance, and which sets forth in a 
 minute tablet what it would take pages of 
 letterpress to describe. 
 
 East Derebam, Norfolk. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 I HCE desire to perpetuate the memory of 
 illustrious deeds is one which has prevailed 
 in every age of the world, and among all 
 races, civilized or uncivilized. The red 
 men, or wild tribes of Northern and Central America, 
 strive by the savage trophies which they bring back 
 from war, by the songs which they sing round the camp 
 fire, by the names which they assign to the most valiant 
 of their warriors, to secure a sort of enduring fame for 
 deeds of daring and of patience, performed even on 
 their limited sphere of action. Among the Persians, 
 and the inhabitants of llindostan, the same feeling has 
 been prevalent ; although, with that fondness for look- 
 ing backwards into the more glorious periods of their 
 country which characterises all Asiatic races, they have 
 ever been accustomed to exalt deeds of contemporai'y 
 valour, not so much by bestowing upon them direct 
 praise, as by likening those who performed them to the 
 heroes of their ancient poems. 
 
 Thus Firdausi, whou ho described the marvellous 
 
 B 
 
2 Introduction. 
 
 acliievements of the early heroes of Iran and Tiiran — 
 when he told of the superhuman strength and courage 
 of Eustem the son of Zal, of those fearful seven stages 
 through which the champion passed on to the conquest 
 of the white demon; when he sang of the gigantic 
 might of Isfundear, of his death, brought about by the 
 advice of the Simurgh, that bird of age and wisdom, 
 of the sad farewell which he sends to his bereaved 
 mother ; when he mourned over the sad fate of Sohrab 
 the beautiful, the brave — did not merely describe, in 
 doubtlessly exaggerated terms, the acts of men who did, 
 at some period or other, really exist, but also supplied 
 the vivid imagination of his countrymen with models 
 to which they might compare the deeds of later heroes. 
 Thus every champion, strong of arm and brave of heart, 
 is, in their phrase, a Rustem — every just ruler becomes 
 a Jemshid — each cruel tyrant a Zohak ; while the loves 
 of Yusuf and Zuleikha, by another poet, supply ena- 
 moured maidens and youths, through countless genera- 
 tions, with names and similies and words. 
 
 In India the case is the same, and the Mahabahrata, 
 or similar poems, supply the natives of that broad land 
 with beings yet more superhuman, and actions yet more 
 extravagant, to which the achievements of each living 
 hero are forthwith likened. Yet in this, as indeed in 
 everything belonging to the East, there is a strange 
 want of individuaUsing power; in each succeeding 
 age the deeds of this and that and the other brave 
 man are likened to the wonders wrought by some my- 
 thical creation, but soon the later acts are forgotten, 
 
Introduction, 3 
 
 while the fame of the prototype remains bright as ever, 
 and ready to shed for awhile its beams on the head of 
 some fresh favourite of fortune. The cause of this must 
 probably be sought for in the unvarying character of 
 Asiatic society, and in the fact that in those lands no 
 courage, however great, no example, however noble, no 
 virtues, however exalted, can ever produce lasting effects 
 except when they are joined to sovereign power. More- 
 over, in the East there is little pride of family, which is 
 greatly checked by the practice of polygamy, and by 
 the very uncertain tenure on which wealth and honours 
 are there held. 
 
 If we turn to the Western world, while we find that 
 the love of praise is as much developed as in the East, 
 we also discover that it assumes a more concentrated 
 form. 
 
 In the poems of Homer, although the war of the 
 united Greeks against the city of Priam is the principal 
 subject-matter, yet such is the construction of the work, 
 that the achievements of the principal chiefs are, in a 
 manner, grouped together in masses, so as to be capable 
 of being separately recited. Now, when we remember 
 that these chiefs were heads of clans, and that the re- 
 citers of the Iliad were wandering minstrels, it is easy 
 to suppose that they would vaiy their recitations accord- 
 ing to their company, and that the tribes of Diomod, or 
 Menelaus, or Ajax, or Ulysses, would be delighted by 
 listening to the a^icruai of their respective heroes. 
 Yet even here a deficiency is observable. It is true, that 
 the deeds of the various chiefs aixi set forth and curious 
 
4 Introduction, 
 
 anecdotes given of their loves, their friendships, and 
 their more remarkable adventures ; but the poet de- 
 scends no further; no tales of private prowess or virtue 
 are produced. Individuals of the humbler class are, for 
 the most part, brought forward for no other end than 
 to be slaughtered. In fact, *^the blind old man of 
 Scio's rocky isle'' seems to have had no more sympathy 
 for the people, than had that chivalrous prince who gave 
 up Limoges to pillage. 
 
 During the republican period of Grecian history we 
 find still fewer notices of individual valour and virtue 
 than even in earlier times. With the republican, the 
 honour and welfare of his country or his city were all 
 in all ; each individual flame was to be merged in the 
 common^brightness ; and although we meet here and 
 there with special narratives of great interest, yet 
 the number of these is not sufficiently great to invali- 
 date the correctness of our remarks on the general 
 practice. 
 
 In Rome the case is somewhat different, and is pro- 
 bably more nearly akin to the practice of that society 
 which we have presently to consider. The Romans, it 
 is true, were intensely national ; so much so, in fact, 
 that those among them who were deemed the wisest 
 and most virtuous did not hesitate at times to commit 
 actions utterly irreconcilable with common honour and 
 honesty, if thereby the republic might be benefited. 
 Still, if they had strong national, they had strong family 
 feeUngs ; and the custom of preserving the images of 
 their ancestors must have given to every gens a multi- 
 
Introduction, 5 
 
 tude of traditionary stories greatly resembling those 
 chivalrous tales which we are about to describe. 
 
 For any one who has ever gone through a gallery of 
 portraits w^ith a well-informed member of the family, 
 must have observed that some anecdote, more or less 
 startling, is connected with every picture ; nor can we 
 doubt that the Fabii or Julii, as they sate in their atria 
 in solemn conclave, on the feast days of their geris, en- 
 tertained one another with as marvellous tales of the 
 prowess of their ancestors as ever hushed a baronial 
 hall to silence. But the Komans were not a communi- 
 cative people, and when we find that the Scipios placed 
 the legends recording the acts of their race, not with- 
 out, but within their tombs, we need not wonder at the 
 paucity of records of Latin valour that have descended 
 to us. From some reason or another, all races through 
 the world alike had failed in employing such means of 
 recording the noble acts not merely of nations or of 
 kings, but also of individuals, as should give to those 
 acts a kind of earthly immortality, and attach to mere 
 broken words and symbols the powt r not only of recall- 
 ing past realities, but also of lending the semblance of 
 realities to what probably, in many instances, are but 
 creations of the imagination of some eager antiquarian, 
 who would, at all hazards, force a sense from that which 
 none as yet could understand. But when the curtain 
 of utter barbarism and confusion which had fallen 
 over tho ruins of that mighty empiro, which onco ex- 
 tended from furthest Thule to tho sultry regions of tho 
 East; is again raised, a far diiferont spectacle is set 
 
6 Introduction, 
 
 before our eyes. No longer is the palm of glory con- 
 fined to mythical heroes, and merely extended in a 
 symbolical way to those weaker mortals who have at a 
 humble distance imitated their gigantic exploits; no 
 longer are the whole energies of each individual citizen 
 devoted to enhancing the glories of his country while 
 he utterly neglects his own ; nor do separate families 
 any longer content themselves with reckoning up in 
 their private meetings the prowess of each heroic ances- 
 tor, or with reading the short notice inscribed upon his 
 urn, when they commit some one of his descendants to 
 the vast sepulchre of their race ; no more are tribes 
 and clans satisfied to hear the exploits of their chiefs 
 alone recited. 
 
 Individual valour now asserts its claims; deeds of 
 personal virtue and nobleness are now exalted ; and the 
 praises of those deeds and men are now not concealed 
 in the family archives, or related to friends in private, 
 but by every device are blazoned abroad to the world — 
 are, as far as possible, rendered hereditary. The causes 
 which led to this change of feehng and of practice are 
 many, but we may venture to enumerate a few of them. 
 In the first place, the whole race of barbarians, con- 
 sidered as a body, in the struggle against the still skil- 
 fully disciplined troops of the Koman empire, had a far 
 greater chance of attaining individual distinction than 
 had their opponents. In the serried phalanx of the 
 Greeks, as well as in the deep ranks of the Roman legion, 
 the very essence of success lay in uniformity ; and he 
 who from excess of courage broke the ranks, did well 
 
Introduction, 7 
 
 nigh as much mischief as the cowardly fugitive. With 
 the barbarians the case was exactly reversed ; their only 
 chance of success lay in breaking the formation of their 
 trained opponents, by onsets desultory yet desperate. 
 Here the individual strength and daring of the man, 
 the hero, came into play ; and whether that man were 
 chief or private mattered little ; his memory, if he died, 
 was venerated by his grateful countrymen ; and, if he 
 lived, he lived to be honoured and rewarded. Thus, 
 among all the tribes of Germans and Gauls (for under 
 these names may be included all those European races 
 who broke down the power of Rome, with the exception 
 of the Northmen), a fund of tales was laid up of des- 
 perate deeds done against their common foe, ready to 
 be handed down for the admiration of posterity, when- 
 ever the means of doing so should be discovered. And 
 discovered they already were in part. "WTiether it be 
 from national temperament, or whether it be that they 
 resorted to it as a pleasant solace, during the long 
 periods of inactivity to which they were compelled by 
 the inclemency of their climate, certain it is that both 
 Gauls and Germans were greatly addicted to the com- 
 position of ballads, wherein not only fabulous legends, 
 but also the real exploits of men of all classes were set 
 forth, and these served as a sort of archives, or recoils 
 oi national glory. But ballads, after all, could afford 
 only an uncertain and fluctuating mode of perpetuating 
 the nu'niory of great deeds — another step was neces- 
 sary, and it was found. 
 
 I said that the Northmen were not uicludcd among 
 
8 Introduction, 
 
 the Gauls and Germans, yet in all probability they are 
 the originators of that system of commemorative en- 
 signs by which through so many ages acts of valour 
 have been handed down. The German was brave, and 
 the Gaul was brave, but the Northman was braver than 
 both — braver and more imaginative. Throwing them- 
 selves on board their galleys, the dragons of the wave, 
 those daring men hesitated not, with trifling forces, to 
 land on any shore, and, when the fury of their soul was 
 on them, to attack their enemies, how numerous soever. 
 And as their own forces were, as we have said, usually 
 small, each individual warrior had the fullest opportu- 
 nities of exhibiting his prowess. Skill in poetry and in 
 harping was held in well nigh as high esteem among 
 those fierce men as was even valour in war; the 
 greatest of their chiefs prided themselves upon it ; fo^ 
 instance, the celebrated Kegnier Lodbrok, when placed 
 by his foes in the tomb among the serpents, chanted 
 the famous song *^ We Fought with Swords,*' thus vin- 
 dicating the skill in minstrelsy for which already he 
 was renowned. Owing to this we find that the col- 
 lections of heroic poems of this race, possessed of his- 
 torical value, are larger than those of any other ; and 
 that in them the names of men of all classes are men- 
 tioned either for praise or blame. I have said, too, 
 that the Northmen were distinguished for imagination, 
 nor is this to be wondered at. Born on the shores of 
 the dark Baltic and North Seas, nursed amid the roar 
 of tempests and avalanches, actual spectators, or at 
 least hearers, of the fires and boiling streams of Hecla, 
 
Introduction* 9 
 
 which buhble up from the central hell — and then trans- 
 ported in their swift barks to the rich shores of France 
 and Italy, or wandering among the sunny isles of 
 Greece, or amazed gazers upon the splendours of effe- 
 minate Byzantium, can we wonder that in their tales 
 around the winter fires they told of demons of the 
 storm, and of treacherous enchantresses haunting 
 golden regions, and exalted the courage of the sons of 
 Odin, who quailed not at demon or dragon, and before 
 whose swords enchantments fled away — ^liow they told 
 of the feast of eagles which they spread on every shore, 
 and reckoned up each kemp and king who had brought 
 back glory or won Walhalla ! 
 
 Thus loaded with fame, glowing with imagination, 
 and filled with the spirit of poetry, at length the North- 
 man went forth to choose for himself a land — and he 
 chose for himself the best in every quarter — he chose 
 beautiful Sicily, and there he dwelt awhile ; of ancient 
 Italy he chose the fairest portion ; the islands of Greece 
 owned his sway for a season ; but chiefly he preferred 
 the shores of France, and there, under the giant Rolf, 
 he settled himself in despite of Gaul or Frank, and, 
 laying aside in part his savageness, retained his valour, 
 his genius, and his love of song. And he it was, and 
 not, as some vainly suppose, the Frank, who ** gave to 
 fluent emanations a fixed shape;'' who attached the 
 symbols which his imagination had suggested, and his 
 genius realised, to thoHc whom beloved to honour in his 
 lays — in fact he created heraldry. Other nations have 
 employed coarse cmblema to express ideas which they 
 
10 Introduction. 
 
 immediately suggest — the lion for courage, tlie vulture 
 for rapacity: and these, too, the Normans and their 
 imitators used ; but, besides this, they invented a regu- 
 lar system of symbols, which could describe not only 
 the deeds, but the fortunes of individuals and of fami- 
 lies — and to these symbols they often joined words 
 which either added to the meaning of the symbol, or 
 made that meaning clearer. 
 
 And so sufficient has this system been found, that, 
 since the invention of armorial bearings, scarcely any 
 deed of special daring has been performed which has 
 failed to be duly commemorated. It is true, that many 
 of the allusions are dark, some of them now unintelli- 
 gible ; but this is not the fault of the science, but of 
 those who will not use it. In many instances a coat 
 has been given, or a motto assumed, which has pos- 
 sessed somewhat the character of a cypher, the key of 
 which was in the hands of the family so distinguished ; 
 but if they through carelessness lose the key, they alone 
 must bear the blame. 
 
 The emblems employed in heraldry have been bor- 
 rowed from very many sources, but to one I shall more 
 especially allude, before I proceed to give some in- 
 stances of anecdotes attached to bearings. This source 
 is the '^ Crusades, or expeditions in order to deliver the 
 Holy Sepulchre from the infidels," and I give it chiefly 
 because of a passage in " Christian Morals,'' by the 
 Abbe Fleury, which describes, in my opinion, very 
 clearly, one of the principal motives which induced 
 great men to go on those expeditions. " The CruT 
 
Introduction. 1 1 
 
 sades," says Fleurj, " were nothing but pilgrims armed 
 and assembled in large bodies. This mode of proceed- 
 ing had become absolutely necessary, inasmuch as there 
 was no single prince in Christendom strong enough to 
 stop the Mohammedans, who at that time were abso- 
 lutely intolerant of all who would not embrace their 
 belief. They had been plundering Italy with impunity 
 for two hundred years, and were masters of Sicily, and 
 of almost all Spain. Thanks to the Crusaders, they 
 were driven out of all this portion of Europe, and were 
 greatly weakened in Syria and Egjrpt. But the dis- 
 cipline of the Church was not benefited by them, and 
 pious though they were, these enterprises were in my 
 opinion one principal cause of the relaxation of penance ; 
 for with them commenced the system of plenary indul- 
 gence, that is to say, all canonical penalties were remitted 
 to whoever was willing * to go on the voyage and ser- 
 vice of God.' Such was the name given to this war, 
 and it was this extraordinary pardon which attracted so 
 many persons to it. It was very pleasant for these 
 nobles who only knew how to hunt and to fight, to go 
 on a warlike expedition instead of performing tiresome 
 penances which were made up of fasting and praying, 
 and, at that era especially, in abstaining from the use 
 of arms and horses. Penance became a pleasui-e ; for 
 the fatigues of travel were but a trifle to men accus- 
 tomed to those of war ; and change of place and objects 
 is always amusing. The only real penalty was that 
 tluy had to leave their country and family for a length- 
 CIUmI period." 
 
12 Introduction, 
 
 If, however, the attempt to rescue the Holj Sepul- 
 chre served but little to improve the morals of the 
 Crusaders, it certainly was of great use to the heralds, 
 by supplying them with emblems by which to express 
 the deeds wrought by the various persons who had been 
 engaged in them. Thus the family of Newton, of Bars 
 Court, in Gloucestershire, took for their crest, ^^ On a 
 torce argent and azure, a king of the Moors armed in 
 mail and crowned or, kneeling and delivering up his 
 sword," in allusion to their maternal ancestor, Sir Ancel 
 Gorney, who took a Moorish king prisoner at the battle 
 of Ptolemais, in the reign of Richard I. This same 
 King Richard, by taking for his device a star issuant 
 from a crescent, as an emblem of the Star of Bethle- 
 hem triumphing over the crescent of Mohammed, 
 caused this symbol, variously modified, to be assumed 
 by many noble families. The taking of Jerusalem 
 by Godfrey de Bouillon gave occasion for the pre- 
 sent arms of the Duchy of Lorraine. For before the 
 conquest of Jerusalem that duke bore a hart gules, 
 but afterwards three alerions upon a bend. He is said 
 to have shot three of these birds from off the battle- 
 ments of a tower in that city, and if he did so he is 
 probably the first and last who ever succeeded in killing 
 even a single bird of the kind. Again, the arms of 
 the Duchy of Milan are said to be taken from the 
 Crusades. They are argent a serpent torqued, erect 
 in pale azure, crowned gules devouring an infant proper. 
 Otho first Viscount of Milan, going to the Holy Land 
 with Godfrey of Bouillon, vanquished in single combat 
 
Introduction, 13 
 
 and slew the great giant Volux, who had been the 
 terror of the whole Christian army. The conqueror 
 stripped off the arms of his slain foe, and assumed his 
 crest, which sufficiently expressed the ferocious character 
 of the pagan. 
 
 Leopold Duke of Austria fought so long at the as- 
 sault of Ptolemais that his whole armour was stained 
 with blood, except where the belt went round it. He 
 therefore laid aside the six larks, which he, in common 
 with the rest of his family, had hitherto borne, and had 
 assigned to him by the Emperor, on a field gules a fesse 
 argent, which bearing his descendants have ever since 
 retained. (Plate No. 1.) 
 
 I cannot here refrain from mentioning the sad circum- 
 stances which were the occasion of a change of coat in a 
 distinguished English family. Hamon de Creve-Coeur, 
 Lord of Chatham, and ancestor of the families of Hay- 
 man and Hey man, attended Richard I. on his expedi- 
 tion, and took with him three noble sons. These youths 
 distinguished themselves by their gallantry at Acre and 
 at Joppa ; but shoi-tly after, at the yet more desperate 
 fight of Ascalon, the unhappy father beheld his children 
 perish, one by one, beneath the weapons of the infidels. 
 Bowed down at first to the earth by grief, he yet was 
 sufficiently strengthened by hope and confidence in God 
 to rally his scatttM-od spirits, and to continue, both with 
 counsel and hand, to tight manfully against the mis- 
 creant enemies of Christ. Yet was his heart very sad 
 within him, all thoughts of earthly pride deserted him, 
 and gladly, when the truce agreed upon between 
 
14 Introduction, 
 
 Richard and Saladin allowed it, did he turn his weary 
 steps towards his native land, alone and childless. Yet 
 was he not entirely without comfort, for well did he 
 know that, thanks to the merciful indulgence of his 
 Holy Father the Pope, the pains of purgatory were 
 remitted, and the gates of Paradise at once opened to 
 all who, like his children, had fallen fighting in the 
 cause of their Eedeemer against the foul followers of 
 the false prophet. And in order at once to express 
 his sense of abasement and bereavement, but of confi- 
 dent hope, he made this alteration in the bearings of 
 his shield : — He before had borne, or three chevronels 
 gules, but now took argent a chevron between three 
 martlets sable, thus expressing by the field that he no 
 longer delighted in earthly glory, but rather wished to 
 walk beneath the calm, pale skies of humility and peace. 
 The proud gold of his shield was thus altered into 
 meaner silver, while the martlets — those birds of pas- 
 sage who, like the bird of paradise, cannot alight on 
 earth — denoted by their number the number of his sons, 
 by their character, his belief that his lost champions 
 had but deserted earth for heaven. This was also fur- 
 ther declared by the motto which he assumed, " Coelum 
 non solum," (Heaven, not earth,) words which posi- 
 tively assert what had only been intimated by the bear- 
 ings. Instances of changes like this latter belong to 
 the very highest class of heraldry, in fact, are poetry 
 expressed in symbols. 
 
 The other sources from whence bearings and mottoes 
 were derived were exceedingly various, as, in fact, may 
 
Introduction, 15 
 
 easily be seen from an inspection of the mottoes and 
 bearings themselves, which in many instances tell their 
 own story, and in almost all cases are intelligible the 
 moment the story is told. Thus, for instance, the 
 Sprotts of Urr, in addition to their armorial bearings, 
 hold their lands, a portion of which is called the King*s 
 Mount, by the following tenure : they have to present 
 a dish of what is termed in the Scottish language, 
 " butter brose" to the kings of Scotland whenever they 
 pass the Urr, and this tenure is accounted for by the 
 following legend : — 
 
 About the year 1309, when Robert the Bruce, al- 
 though now crowned King of Scotland, was obliged to 
 wander about from place to place with a small band of 
 devoted followers, he was attacked in the wilds of Gal- 
 loway by a troop of English, of about equal numbers, 
 under the command of Sir Walter Selby. The combat 
 took place near the cottage of a soldier-herdsman named 
 Sprott, and all of the two pai-ties, with the exception of 
 the commanders, were soon stretched on the ground, 
 dead or wounded. Bruce and Sclby, however, con- 
 tinued to hew at each other with their swords so ftu'i- 
 ously that wood and water rang ; the noiso excited the 
 attention of Sprott's wife, a bold and shrewd woman, 
 and on going out of her cottage she was a witness uf 
 the encounter. Aware that one of the two knights 
 must be her countryman, she was naturally desirous to 
 assist him; but as the visoi*s of botli kniglits wen* 
 down, she of course wtis unable to distinguish between 
 them. However, at last Bruce dealt Selby a blow 
 
16 Introduction. 
 
 which staggered but did not fell him, so that uttering 
 an imprecation in the choicest Anglo-Norman, that 
 gentleman prepared to return the compliment. This, 
 however, was enough for Mrs. Sprott — although Bruce 
 most probably, like Selbj, spoke French, yet the ac- 
 cent at once betrayed the Southron, and, springing 
 upon him, she seized him by a lock of hair which hung 
 from his helmet and pulled him down on his back. 
 Of course he was obliged to yield, and in the dialogue 
 which ensued between himself and his captor, the 
 heroine of the cottage discovered that she was in the 
 presence of her king. She accordingly invited him to 
 her dwelling, and offered him some butter brose for 
 breakfast, of which he appears to have been much in 
 need, as he had fasted for three days. At the same 
 time she intimated to Selby, in terms by no means 
 complimentary, that he should have none of her brose, 
 which she informed him she would, but for the king's 
 presence, have applied to him externally. Eesisting 
 the entreaties of Bruce, she persevered in this resolu- 
 tion until the good-humoured monarch, partly to pre- 
 vent his captive from going without a breakfast, but 
 chiefly to reward her loyalty and daring, thus addressed 
 her : — " All this land, both hill and vale, is mine, and 
 I make thee lady of as much of it as thou canst run 
 round while I am eating my breakfast. The brose is 
 hot, and the bowl is large, so kilt thy coats and run." 
 She accordingly tucked up her coats and started off at 
 full speed. Quickly did she run round the hill, quickly 
 round the holm, cogitating on the probability that in 
 
Introduction, 17 
 
 her absence the generous Bruce would not fail to im- 
 part a portion of his breakfast to the hated Southron. 
 Comforting herself, however, with the consideration 
 that no two men could possibly empty the bowl, she 
 completed the circle which she had proposed to herself, 
 and kept exclaiming somewhat loudly, " No doubt we 
 shall be called tHe Sprotts of the Mount Urr, while Dal- 
 beatie wood grows and while Urr water runs ; and the 
 tenure by which our lands shall be held will be the pre- 
 senting of butter-brose to the Kings of Scotland when 
 they chance to pass the Urr.'' King Robert, overhear- 
 ing her, said, " On thine own terms, my brave dame, 
 shall the Sprotts of Urr hold this heritage." And 
 King Ilobert's bowl, as it is called, is to this day pre- 
 served in the Sprott family ; and in their arms is a royal 
 crown — a bearing conferred upon them by the grateful 
 monarch. 
 
 Again, the arms of the O'Harte family were a sword 
 and thumb ; their crest, a hand holding a sword, and 
 their supporters, a female and a stag. The following 
 is the traditionary legend which accounts for the as- 
 sumption of these devices. When the Milesian fleet, 
 commanded by the twelve brothers who originated the 
 plan of colonisation, came in sight of land on the north 
 coast of Ireland, a dispute arose among them as to 
 which of tliera should hold supreme rule in Ireland, 
 and they finally deU^rmincd that whoever first touched 
 liiiul should be king. Accordingly, they severally urged 
 their crews to use their utmost strength in order to bo 
 first to reach the shore, and one of thera, named Art, 
 
18 Introduction, 
 
 finding that, in spite of their exertions, his crew could 
 not distance their competitors, seized his sword, and 
 striking off the thumb of his left hand, threw sword and 
 thumb on shore. At the same time his wife, springing 
 into the sea and swimming on shore, took right of vert 
 and venison by killing with her dart a deer which ran 
 by. The story certainly does not carry with it any 
 great show of probability, and perhaps ought to be 
 put in the same category with the well-known legend 
 of the O'Neill family, relating to the " Eed Hand of 
 Ulster." 
 
 In the present day many causes, while they have 
 extended the scope of heraldry, have tended to make 
 it less exact, and to render it customary, if not abso- 
 lutely necessary, to assist its symbols by written words, 
 or by representations which possess more of the cha- 
 racter of landscape painting than of the forms employed 
 in ancient blazonry. One of these lies in the great 
 geographical knowledge now possessed by us, and in 
 the greater variety of countries in which those military 
 and naval achievements are performed which require 
 to be commemorated by the herald's science. 
 
 In former ages, the world was divided into two por- 
 tions only — Christendom and Heathenry ; and a cross, 
 a crescent, a bezant, a Moor's head, were sufficient to de- 
 signate the scenes where Christian knights and gentle- 
 men gained their laurels in contending against the ene- 
 mies of their faith. But now the case is altered ; men 
 are not contented to know that honours have been won 
 in the East or West, but desire also to learn at what 
 
Introduction, 19 
 
 particular spot the deeds which acquired them have been 
 performed. Hence those almost innumerable names 
 of countries, cities, and castles, which have been intro- 
 duced into modern coats of arms: hence representa- 
 tions of Eastern dignitaries and warriors armed or 
 clothed in various fashions, in order to denote their 
 different races ; those sketches of particular fortresses 
 or buildings, all which devices tend to particularize 
 the exploits, and to point out exactly the places where 
 the bearers of the several coats acquired their fame. 
 It is much to be feared that this practice has somewhat 
 impaired the beautiful simplicity of the ancient science ; 
 and we may doubt whether it would not be better not 
 to go beyond what can be expressed by symbols, and 
 to leave the rest to family tradition. However, such is 
 the fondness, even of the wisest and bravest of man- 
 kind, for passing, as the poet says, " per ora virum,*' 
 and such, even in a greater degree, is the eagerness of 
 their families and descendants to prove their relation- 
 ship to the doers of such deeds, that we cannot greatly 
 wonder at their desire to point out unmistakably to the 
 casual inspector, the grounds on which they claim the 
 honourable distinctions which their country's gratitude 
 has entitled them to assume. In fact, if we look upon 
 the names of places, the words engraven on the sttM-ns 
 of ships, and the inscriptions on flags, in the light of 
 mottoes, there is nothing to be said against them, and 
 the only modern innovation which cannot be defended 
 arc those sketches of places and fanciful ih*a\vings 
 which can neither be scientitically blazoned uor pro- 
 
20 Introduction, 
 
 perly understood even with a lengthened descrip- 
 tion. 
 
 But there is another way in which, as I hefore said, 
 the scope of heraldry has heen much extended. As is 
 well known, those warlike northern nations which, about 
 the time of the declining of the Eoman Empire, spread 
 themselves almost throughout it, and the rest with whom 
 they mixed themselves in Europe, so esteemed the 
 noble office of a soldier, that from what belonged to the 
 wars only, rather than from anything else, they would 
 take the ensigns of gentry ; whence, also. Miles, Che- 
 valier, Cavaliero, Caballero, Escuyer, Scutarius, or 
 Armiger, all being names framed at first as proper for 
 the wars, are used sometimes in a sense that means 
 only a gentleman. Thence it is, also, that arms are 
 given to an ennobled person even of the long-robe, 
 (though he have little use for them, as they mean a 
 shield), to a merchant, a manufacturer, a physician ; 
 but each of these, as being a gentleman, is supposed 
 either to be a soldier, or ready, upon occasion, to be 
 one, and therefore has that ensign to denote him. The 
 same may be said of crests. Now, this system of con- 
 ferring arms upon those who do not actually belong 
 to the military profession, has in modern times, neces- 
 sarily been far more extensively employed than it was 
 in former days. The great extension of commerce and 
 civilization has caused the profession of war to be no 
 longer looked upon as the only honourable one. The 
 lawyer, the successful trader, the skilful physician, is 
 now held in no less esteem ; and as the number of those 
 
Introduction, 21 
 
 who distinguish themselves in these various pursuits is 
 far greater than of those whose career is purely warlike, 
 so the number of coats granted to such persons is pro- 
 portionately larger. 
 
 Of such individuals many, desiring as much as pos- 
 sible to identify themselves with older families, have, 
 by taking advantage of either identity or casual simila- 
 rity of name, assumed the arms of families not in any 
 way connected with them by blood. But other and 
 wiser men, knowing that every race must have been at 
 some time new, and believing that it is more honour- 
 able to commemorate in a coat of arms good' deeds 
 newly yet really performed, than, by borrowing another 
 man's coat, to claim the credit of actions which they 
 never performed at all — chose, while they preserved the 
 shield and ordinaries, to select peculiar and distinctive 
 bearings, crests, and mottoes, which should point out 
 the especial services by which they raised their families 
 and themselves to distinction. Thus, at once, they in- 
 creased the sphere of the herald's labour, and afforded 
 him a fuller scope for the exercise of his imagination, 
 since, owing to the multiplicity of the objects of in- 
 dustry, there is scarcely any portion of nature or of art 
 from which emblematic devices could not be drawn. 
 To take one or two well-known examples, which sym- 
 bolize in a very clear and effective manner the founders 
 of the several families. 
 
 Sir Henry llalford, Bart., whose patronymic waa 
 \^aughan, acquired, like his father, James Vauglmn, 
 M. 1)., his civil distinctions by his eminent medical 
 
22 Introduction. 
 
 talents. On his being appointed Physician Extraordi- 
 nary to his Majesty King George IV., he received by 
 royal warrant of augmentation, in 1827, a silver rose 
 in centre of the chief, instead of a fleur-de-lis (origin- 
 ally borne by the Yaughans), together with a staff on a 
 canton ermine, entwined with a serpent, and insigned 
 with a coronet. The crown is the symbol of royalty, 
 and the serpent entwined represents an eminent phy- 
 sician, ^sculapius, the god of medicine and son of 
 Apollo, having been originally distinguished by such a 
 symbol. 
 
 In like manner, the well-known arms of Lom- 
 bardy, three balls, are borrowed from those of the 
 famous Florentine family of De' Medici, which bore six 
 balls or, in commemoration of their founder having 
 been a distinguished physician, which, in fact, the 
 Italian name " Medico" denotes. A yet more remark- 
 able instance, inasmuch as the devices contained in it 
 are modern in derivation as well as in application, is 
 the coat of a man who raised his name and family to 
 the highest estimation and wealth by sheer perseverance 
 and industry — I mean the noble-minded grandfather of 
 the present Sir Kobert Peel, Bart. Kobert Peel started 
 in life with small means, and in humble circumstances ; 
 but by steady and enterprising exertions he raised him- 
 self to a seat in the Imperial Legislature, and took his 
 place among the baronets of Great Britain, having 
 accumulated, as a cotton manufacturer, a great fortune, 
 whereby he founded a family second to none in the 
 empire in talent and patriotism. In his arms on a 
 
Introduction, 23 
 
 chief azure is a bee volant or, and the crest is a demi- 
 lion rampant argent, gorged with a collar azure charged 
 with three bezants, and holding between his paws a 
 weaver's shuttle or. — (Plate No. 1.) Here the bee, 
 which is the well-known emblem of industry, claims 
 that character for the industrious and persevering 
 manufacturer ; the shuttle points to the direction in 
 which that industry was exerted ; the lion, which grasps 
 it, denotes the energy of his disposition ; while the 
 motto, "industria," repeats in word the lesson which 
 the symbols had already conveyed. 
 
 Instances of this sort might be multiplied almost 
 without end, but in most cases the devices point so 
 clearly to the trade or profession of him who first bore 
 them, that it would be tedious and unnecessary to do 
 80. Yet there is one motto pointing to the means by 
 which its owner acquired rank and wealth which con- 
 tains so happy a play upon words, that I will not omit 
 it. " Ferro non gladio'' (by iron, not by the sword), is 
 the motto of Guest, the great iron master, and bears 
 no slight resemblance to those arms of inquiry of which 
 heralds speak. For " ferro," although literally mean- 
 ing iron, is so constantly used to denote a sword, that 
 any one versed in the Latin tongue would bo certain, 
 on seeing ** ferro" opposed to ** glatlio," to inquii^e tho 
 cause of the opposition ; and thus, though tho single 
 word ** ferro" would equally well have expressed tlie means 
 by which the Guest family acquired its wealth, yet the 
 addition ** non gladio " calls especial attention to the 
 motto, and prevents a hasty observer from concluding 
 
24 Introduction. 
 
 that its wearer was accustomed to employ iron in other 
 than a peaceful manner. 
 
 When I said that these arms which allude to peace- 
 ful pursuits are of modern date, I must be understood 
 to speak only in a comparative sense ; for the Marquis 
 of Lansdowne's arms remind us, by a magnetic needle 
 pointing at the polar star, of his ancestor Sir William 
 Petty, a famous astronomer and navigator ; while his 
 crest — a bee-hive beset with bees diversely volant, to- 
 gether with a Sagittarius or Centaur, an astronomical 
 emblem, point to that ancestor's useful and industrious 
 exploits. 
 
 In like manner many of the devices, such as swords, 
 fasces, keys, maces, chains, ermine, &c., which denote 
 that an ancestor has held high civic dignity, have been 
 borne by certain families for several generations. Thus 
 the sword and key in the arms of Flowers, of Lobb, co. 
 Oxon., and the demi-lion per-pale ermine and erminois 
 gorged with a chain within a collar gemel or, shows 
 that an ancestor was raised to the highest civic dignity ; 
 and the sword surmounted by a key in the arms of 
 Curtis, of CuUands, is symbolical of the magisterial 
 office which Sir W. Curtis the first baronet held, while 
 the dragon's wing on a canton, the crest of the City of 
 London, points to the place where he held that office. 
 —(Plate No. 1.) 
 
 I will now proceed to give various anecdotes and re- 
 cords of valiant deeds, which have been handed down 
 not so much by the pages of history as by special tra- 
 dition, and which are recorded not in the writings of 
 
Introduction, 25 
 
 chronicles — ^those mere collectors of oftentimes idle 
 rumours — but in the unvarying symbols of the heraldic 
 science, which at once tell the story and vouch for its 
 authenticity. 
 
 Neither will I forget those whose right to wear coat 
 armour has been won, not by deeds of war or daring, 
 but by exertions of genius, of perseverance, of scientific 
 skill ; for honours thus acquired are not less worthy of 
 admiration than the former class, nor are the anecdotes 
 connected with them less interesting to the heraldic 
 student, or to the general reader. 
 
ANECDOTES OF HEKALDRY. 
 
 ROYAL ARMS OF ENGLAND. 
 
 IIESE armorial bearings, three lions pas- 
 sant guardant or, on afield gules, originated, 
 it is supposed, with William the Conqueror, 
 who bore on a shield gules, two lions pas- 
 sant guardant or. The third lion was added by Henry 
 II. on his marriage with Eleanor of Aquitaine, whose 
 armorial bearings were gules, a lion passant guardant. 
 From the latter reign to the present, the arms of Eng- 
 land have continued the same, although the quarterings 
 and supportci-s have varied. 
 
 The arms now borne by our Sovereign are quarterly 
 I. and I\'. gules three lions passant guardant in pale 
 or, for England. 
 
 II. Or, a lion rampant, gules within a double trea- 
 sure flory counter flory of the last for Scotland. The 
 original arms of Scotland is said to have been the lion, 
 which is supposed to have been derived from the arms 
 of the ancient Earls of Northumberland and Hunting- 
 
28 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 don, from whom some of the Scottish monarchs were 
 descended. 
 
 The tressure is supposed to have heen added in the 
 reign of King Acharchus, who, having made a league 
 with Charlemagne, '^ for further memorial of the thing 
 did augment his arms, being a red lion in a field of 
 gold, with a double trace, formed with floure-de-ljces, 
 signifying thereby that the lion henceforth should be 
 defended by the ayde of the Frenchmens, and that the 
 Scottish kinge shoulde valiantly fight in defence of theyr 
 country, libertie, religion, and innocence, which was re- 
 presented by the Lylies, or Floure-de-Lyces, as He- 
 raudes do interpret it." 
 
 III. Azure a harp or, stringed argent for Ireland. 
 
 It is not known when, or on what occasion, this mu- 
 sical instrument was thus appropriated. Bishop Nichol- 
 son says, in the " Irish Historical Library," that coins 
 were struck in 1210, in the reign of King John, with 
 the king's head in a triangle, which he supposes to re- 
 present a harp. Simon says, in his account of Irish 
 Coins, from this triangle, perhaps, proceeded the arms 
 of Ireland, the harp, which we do not find represented 
 on any coins extant. The first harp is on the coins of 
 Henry VIII., and it has been continued ever since. 
 Valiancy writes, in his preface to his Irish Grammar — 
 Apollo Grian, or Beal, was the principal god of the 
 Irish ; and, from the harp's being sacred to him, we 
 may discern the reason why that instrument is the 
 armorial ensign of Ireland. 
 
 The meaning of the royal supporters — the lion and 
 
Prince of Wales's Feathers, 29 
 
 the unicorn — which were first adopted by James I., is 
 that the nation is upheld by England, which the lion 
 represents ; and by Scotland, which is symbolized by 
 the unicorn. 
 
 Prince op Wales's Feathers. 
 
 " The battle of Creci, which was fought on Saturday 
 (26th August, 1346), between La Broyes and Creci, 
 was very murderous and cruel, and many gallant deeds 
 of arms were performed that were never known. The 
 English put to the sword all they met, and there were 
 slain on the Sunday morning four times as many as in 
 the battle of Saturday" (Froissart, vol. i. p. 169). 
 
 " On the day of battle, and on the ensuing day, there 
 fell, by a moderate computation, 1200 French knights, 
 1400 gentlemen, 4000 men-at-arms, besides about 
 30,000 of inferior rank. Many of the principal nobility 
 of France, the Dukes of Lorraine and Bourbon, the Earls 
 of Flanders, Blois, Vandemont, and Aumule, were left 
 on the field of battle. The kings, also, of Bohemia 
 and Majorca were slain. The fate of the former was 
 remarkable : ho was blind from age, but being resolved 
 to hazard his person, and set an example to others, he 
 ordered the reins of his bridle to be tied on each side 
 of the horses of two gentlemen of his train ; and his 
 dead body, and tliose of his attendants, were afterwards 
 found among the slain, with their horses standing by 
 them in that situation, llis crest was tlnve ostrich 
 feaihors, and his motto those German words, * Ich 
 
30 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 Dien/ I serve, which the Prince of Wales and his suc- 
 cessors adopted in memory of this great victory. The 
 action seems no less remarkable for the small loss sus- 
 tained by the English, than for the great slaughter of 
 the French. There were killed in it only one esquire 
 and three knights, and very few of inferior rank; a 
 demonstration, that the prudent disposition planned by 
 Edward, and the disorderly attack made by the French, 
 had rendered the whole rather a rout than a battle ; 
 which was, indeed, the common case with engagements 
 in those times " (Hume, vol. ii. p. 437). 
 
 Sandford, in his description of the battle of Crecy, 
 after relating the story of the King of Bohemia, adds, 
 " Others make it (' ich diene ') the Prince's device, in 
 allusion to the words of the Apostle, that the heir, 
 while he is a child, differeth nothing from a servant." 
 
 B-andle Holme asserts, that the three ostrich feathers 
 were the ensign of the Prince of Wales during the 
 independence of that country, prior to the invasion of 
 the English. After this event (he adds) the eldest 
 sons of the Kings of England, as Princes of Wales, 
 continued the badge ensigned with a coronet, with the 
 motto *' Ich Dien," I serve ; to express the sentiment 
 that, although of paramount dignity in that country, 
 they still owed allegiance to the crown of England 
 {HarL MS. 2035). 
 
 The badge of the ostrich feathers is derived from the 
 house of Hainault, and worn by the Black Prince in 
 honour of his mother. The words " Ich Dien," mean 
 " I serve ; " an expression indicating the illustrious 
 
Prince of Wales's Feathers, 
 
 31 
 
 wearer's filial position, and corresponding sense of duty. 
 The proper armorial motto of the Prince was " Hou- 
 mout," a compound German word signifying mag- 
 nanimity. The feather was first home singly, but 
 afterwards increased to three. 
 
34 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 PELLEW, VISCOUNT EXMOUTH. 
 
 N January, 1796, when Lord Exmouth, 
 then Sir Edward Pellew, Knt., was re- 
 fitting his frigate, the " Indefatigable," at 
 Plymouth, a violent storm arose, which 
 drove the " Dutton " transport, which was conveying 
 the Queen's Own Eegiment of foot to the West Indies, 
 a total wreck upon the rocks under the Citadel, where 
 she was expected every moment to fall to pieces. Sir 
 Edward and his lady were engaged to dine at Plymouth 
 that day with a friend, who, on their arrival at his door, 
 hastened to communicate to them the distressing intelli- 
 gence. Immediately on hearing it, Sir Edward opened 
 the opposite door of the carriage, and disappeared with 
 such rapidity that the friend who, at Lady Pellew's 
 request, had followed as fast as possible, only reached 
 the Hoe in time to see him struggling through the 
 breakers, and mounting the " Button's " deck by the 
 wreck of the mainmast, which had fallen in shore. 
 When there, assuming authority for the moment, and 
 aided by a few intrepid volunteers who joined him, Sir 
 Edward exerted himself with so much calmness, intre- 
 pidity and skill, that, with the exception of a few 
 drunken sailors, all on board, among whom were many 
 women and children, were got safe on shore, he being 
 
HKLI.KW. 
 VISrOUNT KX MOUTH. 
 
Pellew, Viscount Exmouth. 35 
 
 amongst the last who left the ship. Sir Edward then 
 returned to his friend, being, as he thought, amply re- 
 warded for his exertions and the loss of his dinner by 
 the gratifying consciousness of having benefited his 
 fellow-creatures. 
 
 This, however, in the opinion of his sovereign, was 
 not sufficient recompense, and his Majesty, therefore, 
 a few days afterwards, converted his knighthood into a 
 baronetcy, and added to his armorial distinctions the 
 crest, which is, upon waves of the sea the wreck of the 
 *^ Dutton " East-Indiaman upon a rocky shore off Ply- 
 mouth garrison all proper, with the appropriate motto, 
 " Deo adjuvante." 
 
36 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 COULTHAET OF COULTHART, COLLYN 
 AND ASHTON-UNDEE-LYNE. 
 
 LFEED, Lord or Laird of the Barony of 
 Coultliart, within the regality of Gallo- 
 way, North Britain, chief of his name, 
 was summoned by his sovereign, Malcolm 
 Kianmore, to attend a conference of estates at Forfar, 
 in 1065, to determine as to the best means of placing 
 the kingdom of Scotland in a posture of defence against 
 the anticipated invasion of William, Duke of Nor- 
 mandy, afterwards called William the Conqueror. Al- 
 fred's assistance in furtherance of that object, being so 
 highly estimated by King Malcolm, he granted him a 
 confirmation-charter of the barony of Coulthart, on con- 
 dition that he should always furnish the sovereigns of 
 Scotland, in time of war, with three horses when re- 
 quired, and to secure the fulfilment of that condition, 
 he was commanded in the same charter to bear ever 
 afterwards three coults courant on his warrior's shield, 
 to perpetuate the remembrance of the obligation. For 
 that reason three colts courant have ever since been 
 borne by the Coultharts of Coulthart as an armorial 
 ensign. 
 
 An augmentation was made to these arms in 1240, 
 when Sir Eoger de Coulthart, Knt., fifth laird of Coult- 
 
.M)irN iu)ss ('<)r:LTHAin\ 
 
 OF 
 
 COULTHART. COLLYN AND 
 
 ASHTON • UNDER- LYNE . 
 
Coulthart of Coulthart, 37 
 
 hart in lineal descent from Alfred, had the honour of 
 tilting at the royal Haddington tournament before 
 Alexander II., who was so highly pleased with the skill 
 he displayed on the occasion, that he personally invested 
 him with the knightly girdle, and heraldically added to the 
 three black colts courant on his silver shield a fesse sable, 
 which armorial ensigns have ever since, without altera- 
 tion, been borne by the chiefs of the family. Gene- 
 alogists have not been able to trace the origin of the 
 supporters to the arms of this very ancient family ; but 
 they have imdoubtedly been used since November 24th, 
 1443, as they appear on a pendent seal to a charter of 
 Sir Roger de Coulthart of that date, granting the 
 lands of Fcllmore, in Galloway, to one Robert Agnew. 
 
 In reference to these remarkable supporters, Mr. 
 Lower, in his admirable work, " Patronymica Britan- 
 nica," on the origin and progress of surname litera- 
 ture, says, " It is deserving of mention, that the head 
 of the Coulthart family has immcmorially borne sup- 
 pointers to his coat-armour allusive to the name, and 
 perhaps this may be considered an unique instance of 
 canting supporters, a colt and a hart uphold tho an- 
 cestral cscocheon.** 
 
 Tho present chief of tho name, and representative of 
 the family, is John Ross Coulthart, Esq., of Goldsmith's 
 Buildings, Temple, London, Barristor-at-Law, one of 
 ller Majesty's justices of the peace for Lancashire. 
 
38 
 
 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 DELAWAEE. 
 
 HE badge of this noble family is the 
 crampet or chape of a sword, and was as- 
 umed after the battle of Poictiers, at which 
 the King and Dauphin of France were 
 made prisoners. The reason of its assumption was as 
 follows : — Although, as we are told by Froissart, King 
 John of France, after fighting long and desperately, 
 at last surrendered himself, when he found that he 
 should be slain if he resisted longer, to Denyce Mor- 
 becke, a knight of Arthoys and subject of his own, but 
 in the English service, in preference to yielding to any 
 of the many knights and esquires of England who sur- 
 rounded and eagerly sought to take him, yet the right 
 of the Frenchman by no means passed unquestioned. 
 On the contrary, more, as Froissart (using a large 
 number for an indefinite one) says, than ten knights 
 and squires claimed the honour of having made the 
 king prisoner. 
 
 Foremost among these were Sir Koger la Warr and 
 Sir John Pelham, the first of whom exhibited the chape 
 of a sword, the second the buckle of a belt, which they 
 had wrested from the monarch in the struggle. Al- 
 though these trophies could not invalidate the claim of 
 Sir Denyce Morbecke, to whom, in the absence of the 
 
DELAWARE. 
 
 PELHAM. 
 
Delawarr. 
 
 39 
 
 Black Prince, King John had undouhtedlj surrendered 
 himself, yet they at least showed that the hands of 
 those who held them had been laid upon the royal per- 
 son. Accordingly, ever since that day, the families of 
 De la Warr and Pelham have used for their respective 
 badges a crampet and a buckle. 
 
40 
 
 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 LYNDE. 
 
 HE arms of this ancient family, which now 
 are quartered by Williams of Herringston, 
 county Dorset, were assumed on the fol- 
 lowing occasion. 
 '' King Henry III., having disported himselfe in the 
 forest of Blackmore, hee spared one beautiful! and 
 goodlie white heart e, which afterwards Sir T. de la 
 Lynde, a neighbouring gentleman of antient descent 
 and especiall note, with his companions pursuing, killed 
 at this place ; but he soon founde howe dangerous it 
 was to bee twitching a lion by the ears ; for the king 
 tooke soe great indignation against him, that hee not 
 onlie punished them with imprisonment and a grievous 
 fine of money, but for this fact hee taxed their lands, 
 the owners of which yearlie untill this daye paye a 
 rounde summe of money, by waye of amercement, into 
 the exchequer, called white harte silver. The posterite 
 of this man ever after gave for their arms white hartes 
 heads on a red shielde ; and the forrest allsoe from that 
 time beganne to lose its antient name, and to bee called 
 the forrest of Whiteharte" (Coker's Survey of Dorset). 
 

 '::\lr VV 
 
 MAR S HAL L 
 
 W^ 
 
 LLOYD 
 
 or PLY M oc 
 
Marshall 41 
 
 MAESHALL. 
 
 OST crests and mottoes are assumed by 
 the respective families who use them on 
 account of some action performed, or dis- 
 covery made, by some one of its members ; 
 but the crest and motto of Phillips of Cavendish Square 
 (some of whose descendants afterwards adopted the 
 name of Marshall), were, hke the monkeys which form 
 the crest and supporters of the Duke of Leinster, as- 
 sumed by him with even better reason, to express his 
 gratitude to a creature who had saved his life. 
 
 It chanced when this gentleman was bathing at Ports- 
 mouth that, being either seized with the cramp, or car- 
 ried away by the current, which there runs very strong, 
 he was in danger of being drowned, and, in fact, would 
 have perished, liad not a dog of the Newfoundland 
 breed, who sat watching him from the shore, perceived 
 his struggles, and hastened to his assistance, being 
 guided only by the instinct for which dogs of that spe- 
 cies are so remarkable. However, his efibrts werc suc- 
 cessful, and ho brought Phillips safe to shore, who, 
 finding on inquiry that no one claimed the animal, 
 caused him to be tiiken to his own house, and to bo 
 treated as long as he lived with that care and kindness 
 
42 
 
 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 which he deserved for the important service rendered 
 bj him. 
 
 Crest. — Upon a mount vert, in front of a Newfoundland dog 
 sejant, reguardant proper, an escutcheon argent thereon, in base 
 waves of the sea, and floating therein a naked man, the sinister 
 arm elevated also proper. 
 
 Motto. — "Auspice Deo extuli mari." 
 
 LLOYD OF PLYMOa. 
 
 HE arms of this family are — gules a chev- 
 ron ermine between three Englishmen's 
 heads in profile couped at the neck pro- 
 per, bearded and crined sable, and were first 
 conferred upon Edujfed Vjchan ap Kendrig, Lord of 
 Bryffenigh in Denbigland, and Krigeth in Efinoydd, 
 Chief Counsellor, Chief Justice, and General of Llew- 
 elyn ap lorwerth, King of North Wales, and one of the 
 most influential men of his nation at that period. It is 
 well known, that during the feeble reign of John, the 
 Welsh gained several important advantages over the 
 English, and in especial this Eduyfed, being in com- 
 mand of the troops of Llewelyn, surprised a portion of 
 the troops of Ranulph, Earl of Chester, and having 
 put them to flight, succeeded in killing three of their 
 principal leaders, whose heads he cut off and laid at 
 the feet of his sovereign. For this service he received 
 the foregoing arms, which are borne by several families 
 of his descendants. 
 
H AMOTSTD 
 
Hamondy Bart 
 
 43 
 
 HAMOiSTD, BAET. 
 
 HIS is the second crest borne by Sir An- 
 drew Snape Hamond, Bart., of Norton 
 Lodge, Freshwater, Isle of Wight. 
 Both crest and motto refer to a daring 
 act performed by one of the ancestors of this family 
 during the struggle between the Puritan and Royalist 
 parties in Scotland in 1650. After the illegal and bar- 
 barous execution of the noble Marquis of Montrose by 
 Argyle and his party, the head of the murdered warrior 
 was, according to the custom of the age, placed upon a 
 spike at the top of the Tolbooth, or gaol of Edinburgh, 
 while the other portions of his body were sent into 
 several parts of the kingdom. The relatives and par- 
 tisans of Montrose, many of whom remained concealed 
 in Edinburgh, were naturally exasperated at seeing the 
 head of the most faithful subject in the realm treated like 
 that of a traitor, and none of them was more deeply moved 
 than the above-named ancestor of Sir Andrew llamond. 
 He accordingly resolved, at all hazards, to remove the 
 head from its disgraceful position, and this he success- 
 fully effected. Whether he did it unaided, or with the 
 assistance of friends, or by the connivance of the 
 guards, is unknown, although from the position of the 
 hands, issuaut from clouds, which remove the skull, it 
 
44 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 seems probable that the deed was done by one who 
 acted in secret and alone. 
 
 Of course the indignation of the enemies of Montrose 
 at this audacious theft was excessive, and long and dili- 
 gent search was made for the daring man who had 
 ventured so openly to show his contempt and defiance 
 of them ; but all in vain, no clue to the offender was 
 ever gained ; nor was it until many years later that the 
 performer of the gallant deed revealed the secret to his 
 family, who thus were enabled to assume a crest and 
 motto commemorative of the exploit. 
 
 Crest. — Two arms erect, issuing from clouds, in the act of 
 removing from a spike a human skull ; above the skull a mar- 
 quess' coronet, between two palm branches proper, over the 
 crest the motto, *' Sepulto viresco." 
 
FIT Z GE R AL D. 
 
Fitzgerald, 45 
 
 FITZGEKALD. 
 
 HE crest of Fitzgerald, Duke of Leinster, 
 is a monkey proper, enveroned about the 
 middle with a plain collar and chained or ; 
 the motto is, " Non immemor beneficii." 
 These, as well as the supporters, which are monkeys as 
 the crest, refer to a very singular accident which befel 
 Thomas, fifth Earl of Kildare, when he was quite an 
 infant. The grandfather of this Thomas, who was 
 named John, and who had long been at feud with the 
 sept of Macarthy More, was killed, togetlier with his 
 eldest son, Maurice, at the battle of Callan, in 1261. 
 
 At this time Maurice's son, the Thomas above men- 
 tioned, was only nine months old, and was in his cradle 
 in a house close to the Abbey of Tralec. So panic- 
 struck were all his attendants at the news of the disas- 
 trous tight, that he was deserted even by his nurse, 
 who rushed out to ascertain the particulars of the en- 
 gagement, and the extent of their losses. In their 
 eagerness they however forgot that they did not leave 
 the infant entirely alone, for a largo ape, or monkey, 
 was in the apartment attentively watching their pro- 
 ceedings. This monkey was a great favourite of the 
 late earl, on account of the strange and diverting tricks 
 which he was in the habit of playing ; and, as he be- 
 
46 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 longed to a class of animals then but very rarely seen in 
 Ireland, was looked upon by the domestics with a kind 
 of superstitious awe. When he saw the room was 
 empty, and that no one was left to interfere with his 
 proceedings, he, actuated doubtless by that spirit of 
 imitation which is inherent in all the monkey tribe, took 
 the infant out of the cradle and commenced dandling 
 it, as he had seen the nurses do. But, probably dread- 
 ing lest some one should interrupt him in his amuse- 
 ment, he bethought himself of proceeding to a place 
 where he could not be interfered with, and accordingly 
 scrambled with his prize to the top of the abbey steeple, 
 where he carried it backwards and forwards on the 
 battlements. The horror of the spectators may easily 
 be imagined when they saw the perilous position of the 
 infant; but of course all attempts to rescue it would 
 have been in vain ; in fact, any movement on their part 
 would, by frightening the animal, have led to the very 
 catastrophe which they were so anxious to avert. Silent 
 therefore they stood, and motionless, thinking of the 
 sad fate of a family which in one day had twice lost its 
 hereditary head, and was in danger of losing it a third 
 time. However, contrary to their expectation, the mon- 
 key, finding himself undisturbed, descended from his 
 dangerous position, and with great deliberation replaced 
 his burden in the cradle from which he had withdrawn 
 it. If we may judge from the bearings and motto, the 
 animal suffered no punishment for the strange trick 
 which he played, probably gratitude for the restoration 
 of the heir of so illustrious a house, at so critical a 
 
Fitzgerald. 47 
 
 juncture, overpowered the indignation which the auda- 
 city of the action must necessarily have caused ; in 
 fact the motto, "Non immemor heneficii," though it 
 may possibly be intended as an expression of gratitude 
 to Providence for the almost miraculous preservation of 
 the infant, is yet, with far more Ukelihood, to be under- 
 stood as a token of thankfulness to a creature who, if 
 mischievous, was not malicious, and whose image the 
 descendants of Thomas (who from this escape was sur- 
 named "Mappagh Simiacus," or ** The Ape"), did not 
 disdain to bear in their crest. 
 
48 
 
 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 FAEQUHARSON OF INVEECAULD. 
 
 RMS : argent a fir-tree growing out of a 
 mound in base seeded proper, on a chief 
 gules, the banner of Scotland displayed 
 in bend. The fir-tree is commemorative 
 of an ancient custom of carrying twigs in the time of 
 battle, as a badge ; and the banner, of the death of 
 Findla More, a distinguished ancestor, who fell at Pin- 
 kie bearing the royal standard. 
 
 WODEHOUSE OF KIMBERLEY PARK, 
 Co. NORFOLK. 
 
 RMS : sable a chevron, or, guttee de sang, 
 between three cinquefoils ermine. Crest, 
 a dexter hand issuing from clouds proper, 
 holding a club, with the motto " Frappez 
 fort," over it. Motto under the arms, "Azincourt." 
 The drops of blood on the chevron were added as a 
 reward for the valour of his ancestor at the battle of 
 Agincouii, where he attended Henry V. as one of his 
 esquires. The crest and mottoes were granted for the 
 same service. — (Plate No. 1.) 
 
FENDRILL 
 
Lane, 
 
 49 
 
 LAISTE. 
 
 CL 
 
 HE canton of augmentation in these arms 
 and the crest refer entirely to the assist- 
 ance aiforded hy the Lane family to King 
 Charles II. after the hattle of Worcester, 
 by which they greatly contributed to his escape, as also 
 did Colonel Carlos and the Pendrills, whose arms are 
 inserted above. 
 
 Thomas Lane, of Bcntly and Hyde, suffered much 
 from his attachment to the royal cause, to which he 
 clung even to the last : and received King Charles 11. 
 in his mansion, to which the king was guided by his 
 son, Colonel John Lane, after the defeat at Worcester. 
 Here Charles remained for several days, and if the 
 courage of the father and brother were great in har- 
 bouring and concealing their fallen monarch, what shall 
 bo said of the heroic conduct of ^liss Jane liane, the 
 Colonels sister, who rode behind the Prince disguised 
 as her servant from Bently in Staffordshire to her cou- 
 sin Mrs. Norton's house at Abbot's Leigh, near Bristol. 
 The distance was great ; and, when the state of the 
 roads at that period, and the numerous bands of i-epub- 
 lican soldiers in eager search after the fugitive arc 
 taken into consideration, the feat of this English lady 
 seems fully equal to that peifonncd by the famous Flora 
 
50 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 M'Donald. However, after his accession, Charles did not 
 altogether forget his benefactors, but bestowed pensions 
 on the Colonel, on his brother a groom of the Chamber, 
 and on Miss Lane. These pensions, always irregularly 
 paid, were entirely discontinued in the reign of Queen 
 Anne. The crest of augmentation at the same time 
 granted to the family is a strawberry roan horse salient, 
 (fcc, and in all probability his tincture describes the co- 
 lour of the very horse on which Charles rode with the 
 lady behind him on his perilous journey. 
 
 With the coat of Lane will be seen in the engraving 
 the arms of Carlos and Pendrill, which are both fresh 
 grants from the Heralds College and not ancient coats 
 augmented, and which differ only in their tinctures ; as 
 they both contain an oak, commemorative of the one in 
 which Charles concealed himself, and from which the 
 courage and fidelity of Colonel Carlos and the Pendrills 
 enabled him to escape in safety. The present repre- 
 sentatives of Colonel Carlos are the Hopper family of 
 Durham. As will be readily seen, the sword which 
 forms the crest of Carlos suggests the valour shown by 
 Colonel Carlos in the cause of his master ; the oak-tree 
 in the arms denotes the king's place of refuge, while 
 the crowns point out the importance of the individual 
 who had been preserved. By these arms, as well as by 
 the motto which accompanied them, Charles desired to 
 mark the gratitude which he felt towards his devoted 
 followers ; and in the patent issued from the Heralds 
 College, it is expressly stated that they were granted 
 " in perpetuam rei memoriam." 
 
Lane, 5 1 
 
 The family of tlie Pendrills never attained to any 
 exalted position ; it is said that the pension of one hun- 
 dred marks, which was settled upon the family, still 
 continues to he paid to its eldest representative; hut 
 this seems to he a matter of considerahle doubt. 
 
 The arms of this family are, per fesse or and azure, a chevron 
 gules between three mullets counterchanged ; on a canton of the 
 third three lions of England. 
 
 Crest. — A strawberry roan horse salient, couped at the flanks, 
 bridled sable, bitted and garnished or, supporting between the 
 feet a regal crown. 
 
52 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 LAKE, BAET. 
 
 HE arms and crest of this family are re- 
 markable as not being augmented, but a 
 fresh grant commemorative of general 
 seiTices performed, but yet pointing spe- 
 cifically to valour exhibited on a particular occasion. 
 
 Their ancestor had always been a faithful adherent 
 to Charles I., and at the battle of Edge-Hill received 
 sixteen wounds, and was disabled by a shot in his left 
 arm, after which he held the bridle in his teeth and 
 continued the fight vigorously. 
 
 For this extraordinary valour he received the follow- 
 ing symbolical coat : — Gules, a dexter arm embowed, 
 in armour, issuing from the sinister side of the shield, 
 holding in the hand a sword, erect, all proper, thereon 
 affixed a banner, argent, charged with a cross, (typical 
 of his master's righteous cause), between sixteen shields 
 of the first, (which by their number and colour denote 
 his wounds) ; and a lion of England in the fesse point, 
 which last betokens the special honour in which he was 
 held by his sovereign. 
 
 The crest is — a chevalier on horseback, in a fighting 
 posture, his scarf red, his left arm hanging down useless, 
 and holding the bridle in his teeth ; his face, sword, ar- 
 mour and horse cruentated. 
 
 This crest, of course, needs no interpretation. 
 
LAKE 
 
WALKER 
 
Walker. 53 
 
 WALKEE. 
 
 HE arms of the family of Walker, Kother- 
 
 ham, CO. York, are, argent on a chevron 
 
 gules hetween two anvils in chief and an 
 
 anchor in base sable, a bee between two 
 
 crescents or. 
 
 From the bee, anvils and anchor, in these ai-ms, it 
 will be evident to any one conversant with heraldry that 
 they were granted to a person distinguished for his 
 industry and commercial enterprise. The bee is the 
 well-known emblem of the former of these two qualities ; 
 the anchor shows that sea as well as land was the 
 theatre of his exertions, while the anvils point out the 
 particular branch of business to which ho directed his 
 attention. And in fact, Samuel Walker, the principal 
 founder of the iron works at Masborough, near Rother- 
 ham, was a reniaikable instance of perseverance and 
 commercial skill. Left at the age of twelve yeai*8 an or- 
 phan, with two brothers and four sisters, ho cvontually 
 succeeded in raising them all to rank and wealth. 
 
 At the age of thirty he settled at Masborough, where, 
 in conjunction with his brothers, ho eixjcted the iron 
 works above mentioned, which afterwards became so 
 celebrated both at home and in foreign countries. In 
 the choice of sito for Uieso works ho showed groat 
 
54 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 judgment ; and for many years they were second to 
 none in the kingdom, and the once trifling village be- 
 came a place of some importance and the centre of a 
 bustling trade. Immense quantities of iron were sent 
 by the firm of Walker to the colonies ; and they sup- 
 plied great numbers of cannon to the British Govern- 
 ment. Samuel Walker died in 1782, and after his 
 death the works which he had founded no longer con- 
 tinued (their presiding spirit being gone) to flourish as 
 they had done before. His descendants, however, 
 bear with honourable pride the arms, which remind them 
 of the genius and the unflagging perseverance of him 
 who secured to them rank and fortune. 
 
CLER K 
 OF PENNYCUICK. 
 
 BROMLEY. 
 
Bromley. 
 
 55 
 
 CLEEK OF PENNYCUICK. 
 
 HE crest of this family is — ^^ a demi-hunts- 
 man habited vert, winding a horn proper," 
 and their motto, " Free for a blast." The 
 crest and motto both refer to the tenure 
 by which the lands of Pennycuick, co. Midlothian, are 
 held. The annual service enjoined on the proprietor 
 is, that he attend once a year in the forest of Drum- 
 sleich, near Edinburgh, to give a blast of a horn at the 
 king's hunting. It is one of those merely nominal ser- 
 vices, now become nearly obsolete, but which in for- 
 mer times were very numerous and singular in their 
 character, and which were all based on the feudal 
 principle, that whoever held lands from a superior lord, 
 must render for them some service or another, of how- 
 ever trivial a character, in order thereby to acknowledge 
 his supremacy. 
 
 BROMLEY. 
 
 T the battle of Le Corby, fought in the 
 reign of Henry V. between the English 
 and French, the latter were victorious, and 
 for a time succeeded in rendering them- 
 selves masters of the standoi'd of Guienne, which was 
 
56 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 borne in the English ranks. An Esquire, however, 
 named Bromley, perceived its loss, and making a furious 
 onset on the warrior who had seized it, succeeded in 
 wresting it from him, and brought it away safely from 
 the field. By this action he prevented the English 
 from sustaining a very disgraceful loss, and so greatly 
 pleased Henry, that that monarch not only knighted 
 and granted him great estates in Normandy, but also 
 permitted him for a perpetual memorial of his exploit to 
 take for his crest the standard of Guienne, viz., a demi- 
 lion rampant sable, issuing out of a mural crown, or, 
 holding a standard vert, charged with a griffin passant, 
 or ; the staff proper, headed argent. 
 
Holyngwortlie. 57 
 
 HOLYNGWOETHE 
 
 OF HOLYNGWORTHE HALL, CO. CHESTER. 
 
 HE arms and name are synonymous, the 
 family name is evidently derived from the 
 holly-tree, called in Chester *^ holly n-tree,'* 
 with which the estate abounded. The holly, 
 a corruption from holy, so called from being at Christmas 
 used in our churches, and ** worthe," which in Saxon 
 signifies court. Sharon Turner, in his " History of the 
 Anglo-Saxons," (vol. iii. pp. 70, 71,) says, " Their title 
 was formed by the addition of yng to the name of the 
 ancestor whose fame produced their glory." At the 
 time when many provinces in France belonged to the 
 English Crown, the family held large possessions there. 
 This family, of which Robert de Holyngwortlie, of 
 Holyngworthe Hall, co. Chester, is the lineal repre- 
 sentative, dates from Holyngworthe Hall, as lord of that 
 manor, from the time of the Saxons. 
 
 Arms. — Sable on a bend or, three holly-leayes vert. 
 Crkst. — A stag lodged proper. 
 Motto.—" Disce ferenda pati." 
 
58 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 KOBEETSOlSr. 
 
 FTER the cmel murder of James I. of 
 Scotland, by the agents of a party who 
 disliked the innovations and improvements 
 which he attempted prematurely to intro- 
 duce, the perpetrators of the crime succeeded for a time 
 in making their escape, and would have in all probabi- 
 lity entirely avoided the punishment due to their crime, 
 had it not been for the unwearied exertions of Eobert- 
 son, chief of Clan Donnachie, son of Duncan de Atho- 
 lia, who, on hearing of the assassination and having 
 learnt in which direction the murderers had fled, fol- 
 lowed upon their traces, and succeeded in capturing 
 them close to Blair Castle. As is well known, they 
 were brought to trial, and, being found guilty, were 
 executed with circumstances of most horrible barbarity ; 
 while the young king, James II., in token of gratitude 
 to their captor, granted his request, which was that in- 
 stead of lands and honours, his possessions should be 
 erected into a barony, and that he might bear beneath 
 his escutcheon " a man prostrate and in chains," with 
 the motto, " Yirtutis gloria merces ;" and the king added 
 for crest, a cubit arm erect holding a royal crown, and 
 these augmentations are still borne by his descendants. 
 The ancient crest, a swan proper, is still retained by 
 the Eobertsons of Kindeace, although seldom used by 
 them. 
 
ROBBETSON 
 
GIFFAR D. 
 
Giffard of Chillington, 59 
 
 GIFFAKD OF CHILLINGTON. 
 
 HE family of the Giffards (or Gyffards) 
 trace their origin from a period even an- 
 terior to the Conquest, as, in fact, is shown 
 by their name, which means " hberal," 
 and which was first employed a.d. 1025 by the founder 
 of their race, Walter Count of Longueville, at a time 
 when the Normans had not yet entirely adopted the 
 language of the conquered Frenchmen ; but still used 
 many terms like " Giffard,'' or " Giver," which were 
 employed by their Northern ancestors. 
 
 The crest and motto, however, at present employed 
 by the Giffards of Chillington are of a far later date ; 
 and in fact were not adopted until the reign of Henry 
 VHI., when they took their origin from a somewhat 
 singular occurrence. In the early part of the reign of 
 Henry VHI., a panther, which had boon presented to 
 Sir John Giffard, of Chillington, escaped from her cage, 
 and was pursued by the knight, bow in hand, accom- 
 panied by his son ; having hurried to the top of a 
 steep ascent, nearly a mile from his house, ho overtook 
 the benst about to spring upon a woman with an infant; 
 and as, in his still breathless state, ho was preparing to 
 shoot at it, his son, fearing his haste might weaken tlio 
 accuracy and force of his shot, called out " Preigne 
 
60 . Anecdotes of .Heraldry, 
 
 haleine, tire fort ; " words which, modernized to "Prenez 
 haleine, tirez fort," now form the family motto. In 
 pursuance of this advice Sir John paused, took breath, 
 drew his bow strongly with a sure aim, and so killed 
 the panther, and saved the woman. To this circum- 
 stance the panther's head in the crest and the archer 
 with bended bow evidently refer. 
 
 Crest. — A panther's head couped, affronte, spotted, incensed 
 proper ; and a demi-archer bearded and couped at the knees in 
 armour proper, from his middle a short coat paly argent and gules, 
 at his middle a quiver of arrows or, in his hands a bow and arrow 
 drawn to the head or. 
 
 Motto. — " Prenez haleine, tirez fort." 
 
TR EVE LTAK 
 
Trevelyan, 61 
 
 TEEYELYAN. 
 
 jniS family is descended fi*om the Tre- 
 veljans of Cornwall, who trace their ori- 
 gin to a very remote period, far anterior 
 to the Norman Conquest. But what coat 
 of arms they used when, in accordance with the custom 
 of the time, they first adopted one, is now uncertain ; 
 all that is known is, that it differed from the present 
 one, although even this latter is of very ancient date, and 
 owes its origin to a somewhat remarkahle circumstance. 
 It will be remembered that on several parts of the coast 
 of England the sea has at various times made serious 
 iniiptions ; overwhelming and utterly ruining whole 
 tracts of land, as in the case of estates of Earl (iodwin, 
 which now form the Goodwin sands; and, according to 
 tradition, this very misfortune happened on the Cornish 
 coast to an estate belonging to the Trevelyan family, 
 which lay between the Land's End and those rocks 
 which are now called the Seven Stones. The catas- 
 trophe must have been most sudden and terrible ; for 
 we arc informed that the owner of the land, which wa.s 
 only conniH'ted with the mainland by a narrow neck of 
 earth, found himself suddenly cut off from the Cornish 
 shore by a broach which tlie waves made through this 
 natural causeway. However, ho was not at fii'st alaimcd, 
 
62 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 as lie thought it would be easy, when the storm abated, 
 to cross the passage in a boat. But great was his hor- 
 ror when he discovered that the whole island, on which 
 he stood, was gradually passing away from under his 
 feet. Whether there was any real sinking of the ground, 
 such as takes place after an earthquake, or whether 
 the ground, being of a loose and sandy nature, was 
 easily removed when the water had once penetrated and 
 softened it, cannot be decided ; but at any rate the un- 
 fortunate gentleman, who was on horseback, found him- 
 self obliged to retreat step by step towards the outer 
 margin of his domain, which was of a firmer and more 
 rocky character than the rest. He thus was removing 
 farther and farther from those who might have assisted 
 him ; and though he found to his great comfort that the 
 few stones on which he stood remained firm, and that 
 the storm had abated, yet he began to feel anxious 
 when he found no one come to his aid, and at the same 
 time to consider how he should escape from his dan- 
 gerous position. The distance from shore was great ; 
 there were no telescopes in those days ; and if any of 
 the fishermen knew that he was on his estate, they 
 would undoubtedly believe that he had been swept away 
 by the inundation. He however waited patiently for a 
 considerable time, but seeing no signs of any assistance 
 coming to him, and dreading the approach of night, he 
 came to the desperate resolution of attempting to reach 
 the shore with his horse by swimming. The distance 
 was very great, but his steed was one of great strength 
 and spirit, and he himself a first-rate horseman; so, 
 
Trevelyan. 63 
 
 clioosing his time, when the tide began to flow, he 
 started on his perilous journey. Frequently he gave 
 himself up for lost, but his heart was good, and his gal- 
 lant steed, though much exhausted, still kept his head to- 
 wards the shore. At length his feet touched the ground, 
 and, as though that touch had put fresh strength into 
 his wearied limbs, he struggled desperately through the 
 scattered fragments which the recent fury of the sea 
 had heaped about in all directions, and at last reached 
 the beach, where he fell totally exhausted. His master, 
 after thanking heaven for his miraculous escape, bade 
 the peasantry, who had now collected around him, take 
 every care of the animal to whom he owed his safety ; 
 and declared, in gratitude for the eminent service he 
 had done liim, that the rest of his life should be one of 
 ease and plenty, and that no rider should ever mount 
 him again. And further, in order to commemorate his 
 escape, he assumed, instead of the former coat of arms, 
 ** gules, a demi-horse argent, hoofed and maned or, 
 issuing out of water in base proper." 
 
 Arms. — Gules, a horse argent, maned and hoofed or, issuaut 
 from the sea in base proper. 
 
64 
 
 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 DUDLEY OF CLAPTON. 
 
 HIS family bears for crest, ^' on a ducal 
 coronet or, a woman's head with an hel- 
 met thereon, hair dishevelled, and throat 
 latch loose, proper." The origin of this 
 is said in a manuscript written by a monk, who in 1390 
 was parson of Clapton, to have been as follows: — 
 Hotot was a great landholder near Clapton, co. Nor- 
 thampton, who had but one daughter, Agnes, heiress 
 to all his great estates. This lady sharing in a taste 
 which, if we may believe the clironiclers and romancers 
 of the period, was by no means an uncommon one, was 
 greatly devoted to all out-door exercises, such as hunting, 
 hawking, &c., but going beyond the generality of even 
 the more vigorous of her sex, took great dehght in all 
 those exercises of chivalry in which Clorinda and cer- 
 tain others of the heroines of Ariosto and Tasso ex- 
 celled. In especial, she was particularly skilled in the 
 management of the horse and lance, and in the tilt-yard 
 of her father's mansion often astonishing her youthful 
 opponents, as well as the bystanders, by her dexterity 
 and courage. 
 
 Now it chanced that her father had a dispute with a 
 person named Eingsdale about the ownership of a piece 
 of land, and the two parties probably entertaining that 
 
D IT D L E y 
 
Dudley of Clapton, Q5 
 
 dislike to incurring legal expenses, which was not less 
 common then than it is at present, resolved on settling 
 their difference hy single combat. Accordingly they 
 appointed a day, and in order to avoid the crowd and 
 annoyance which the intended battle if generally known 
 would have occasioned, they agreed to meet in a private 
 place, each attended by a single squire. Unfortunately, 
 however, as the time appointed for the combat drew 
 nigh, Hotot was seized with a fit of the gout, to which 
 disease he was subject. This piece of ill-luck sadly 
 perplexed him, as in the event of his failing to meet 
 his enemy, not only would he forfeit the land in question, 
 but also stand some risk of having his reputation for 
 courage impugned. As, amid the paroxysms of his 
 malady, he grumblingly mentioned his feai-s and fore- 
 bodings to Agnes, his constant attendant, and whose 
 advice he asked in his perplexity, he was not less as- 
 tonished than comforted when ho heai'd her bid him not 
 distress himself about the matter, as she had seen the 
 emergency, and had already provided a champion who 
 she felt persuaded would bo more than a match for liis 
 enemy. Now Hotot was a man of experience, and 
 knowing the ready wit of the female sex in general, 
 and of liis daughter in particuhir, comforted himself as 
 she requested, and did not even ask the chosen cham- 
 pion's name, in all probability imagining that it was 
 one of the heiress's numerous suitors. On the day 
 agreed on, Agnes arose very early in the morning, and 
 having, with the assistance of her handmaidens, arrangeii 
 lierself in the armour which she usually wore in the 
 
 F 
 
66 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 tilt-jard, and assumed also her father's crest, surcoat 
 of arms, and shield, she called to her a trusty esquire, 
 and bade him secretly arm himself, saddle and barb as if 
 for battle her own horse and his, and meet her at a spot, 
 outside the manor walls, which she named. The esquire, 
 accustomed to the little extravagances of his young 
 mistress, did as he was bidden without hesitation, and 
 the pair rode together to the appointed place of meeting. 
 Here they found Ringsdale already waiting, and Agnes, 
 fearing that any delay might cause him to perceive the 
 difference between her stature and that of her father, at 
 once took her lance from her esquire, and putting it in 
 the rest, advanced full speed upon her foe. Ringsdale 
 lost no time in imitating her example, and the opponents 
 met with a terrible shock. Such was the address of 
 Agnes, that she, in the first encounter, dismounted her 
 heavier opponent, and seeing him half stunned on the 
 ground, dismounted and drew her sword, to see if he 
 would strive to mend his fortune with that weapon. The 
 violence of the fall which he had received had, however^ 
 so entirely disabled him, that he was forced to allow 
 himself vanquished ; and then, and not till then, Agnes, 
 laughing, threw up her visor, thus disclosing a beautiful 
 face, and eyes bright with mirth ; and at the same time 
 unclasping the latch or fastening which secured her 
 throat armour, she allowed her long tresses to fall un- 
 confined upon her shoulders. 
 
 The confusion of Ringsdale, who at once not only 
 learned her sex, but also recognised her person, may 
 easily be imagined ; and the lady rode merrily home to 
 
Dudley of Clapton, 67 
 
 tell her delighted though reproving sire, that he was 
 now undoubted master of the land in question. 
 
 As has already been mentioned, the number of her 
 suitors was already great, but the news of this last 
 exploit caused their addresses to be so constant and 
 pressing, that Agnes Hotot was obliged, in her own 
 defence, to choose one in order to appease the others. 
 She accordingly selected one of the Dudley family, to 
 whom, at her father's death, she brought a princely in- 
 heritance, and with whom she passed a long and happy 
 life. 
 
 The memory of this gallant act is, as may easily be 
 seen, preserved in the cre^ of the Dudley family, 
 which represents her as she appeared when she disclosed 
 herself to her opponent. 
 
 The family is originally descended from the Paga- 
 nells, who, soon after the Conquest, were created Barons 
 of Dudley. The first who settled at Clapton was styled 
 Thomas do Dudley, second son of Sir John do Sutton, 
 who, in right of his wife, was made Baron of Dudley, 
 about the year 1340 ; this Thomas Dudley was one of 
 the lords of Clapton manor, and his grandson married 
 Agnes llotot in 1395, She afterwards proved the 
 heiress to the ancient family of the Hotots, and he 
 thereby became the sole lord of the manor of Clapton. 
 
68 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 KNIGHT. 
 
 MEMOEABLE event in the great Ee- 
 bellion of 1569 gave occasion, according 
 to tradition, for arms, badge, and motto, 
 granted in 1613 to the ancestor of Knight, 
 Baron Luxborough of Shabbon, created Earl of Cather- 
 lough, 30th April, 1763. 
 
 Knight, having joined the confederates of the Earls 
 of Northumberland and Westmorland in the " rising 
 of the North," is said to have owed his safety to having 
 received by a faithful messenger from a lady-friend, 
 supposed to have been a partisan of the army of the 
 south, a leathered spur, inclosed in a paper, on which 
 was drawn a pair of wings, denoting the necessity of 
 immediate flight, with the significant motto — " Te 
 digna sequere." 
 
 Arms. — Argent three bendlets, gules, on a canton ; azure, a 
 spur with rowel downwards, strapped, or. 
 
 Crest. — A spur strapped, or, between two wings erect, gules. 
 Motto. — " Te digna sequere." 
 
F O WLER. 
 
Cheney, 
 
 69 
 
 FOWLER. 
 
 HE former, crest of this family was a hand 
 and lure, but its present one, an owl ar- 
 gent ducally gorged or, was granted to it 
 under the following circumstances. Eich- 
 ard Fowler of Foxlej, co. Bucks, attended Eichard 
 Cceiu'-de-Lion to the Holy Land, and having by extra- 
 ordinary vigilance and valour discovered and helped to 
 defeat a night attack, made by the Saracens upon the 
 camp of the Christians, the king bestowed upon liim the 
 honour of knighthood, and at the same time bade him 
 assume for crest that bird whose powers of noctm*nal 
 watchfulness were only equalled by his own. 
 
 CHENEY. 
 
 HE crest of this family is a bull's scalp ar- 
 gent, and was assumed, according to tra- 
 dition, under the following ciix^umstances. 
 At the battle of IJosworth Field, the usurper 
 Richard, finding the day going against Iiini. and seeing 
 his rival with but a small attendance of knights round 
 him, watching the battle from a short distance, made, in 
 his despair, a furious onset upon him with spear in rest. 
 
70 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 Sir John Cheney, a warrior renowned for his gigantic 
 stature and skill in arms, who was fighting under the 
 banner of Eichmond, seeing the approach of the furious 
 Kichard, galloped forward to meet him, and whether 
 from the fault of his horse, or from the superior skill 
 of Eichard in using his weapons (which is said to 
 have been very extraordinary), was unhorsed in the en- 
 counter with such violence that his crest was torn from 
 his helmet, and he himself hurled to the ground stunned 
 and senseless. On recovering himself he discovered 
 the loss of his crest, and to supply its place cut the skull 
 and horns off the hide of an ox which chanced to he 
 near, and placed them upon his head. He then re- 
 turned to the assistance of his master, and there per- 
 formed such deeds of valour, that Eichmond, who, after 
 the death of his opponent, was saluted and crowned king 
 with the very diadem which had encircled Eichard's/ 
 helmet, assigned him the bulFs scalp as crest. Sir 
 John Cheney was also made Baron Cheney, and Knight 
 of the Garter. 
 
 EYEE. 
 
 HE origin of this crest, which is a leg in 
 armour couped at the thigh, is thus ac- 
 counted for in an old pedigree still pre- 
 served at Hassop. 
 ** The first of the Eyres came in with King William 
 the Conqueror, and his name was Truelove ; but in the 
 
Eyre. 71 
 
 battle of Hastings (Oct. 14, 1066), this Truelove, seeing 
 the king unhorsed, and his helmet beat so close to his 
 face that he could not breathe, pulled off his helmet and 
 horsed him again. The king said, * Thou shalt here- 
 after from Truelove be called Air or Eyre, because thou 
 hast given me the air I breathe.' After the battle the 
 king called for him, and being found with his thigh cut 
 off, he ordered him to be taken care of, and being re- 
 covered he gave him lands in the county of Derby in 
 reward for his services; and the seat he lived at he 
 called Hope, because he had hope in the greatest ex- 
 tremity, and the king gave the leg and thigh cut off in 
 armour for his crest, and which is still the crest of all 
 the Eyres in England.*' 
 
72 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 JONES, BAET., CEANMEE HALL, 
 Co. NOEFOLK. 
 
 T the Congress of Vienna it was deter- 
 mined to erect fortresses on the northern 
 frontier of France, in what was then the 
 kingdom of the Netherlands', and six and 
 a half millions sterling were contributed bj France and 
 the Allies for the purpose. The Duke of Wellington 
 had charge of the erection, and under him Sir John T. 
 Jones. When Sir John was made a baronet, he asked 
 the Duke what addition to the family coat of arms he 
 should assume : the Duke wrote, " I should say a castle 
 and the word ^ Netherlands ' would be the right thing," 
 referring to the great work. The Duke's suggestion 
 was at once adopted. 
 
 Arms. — Azure on a fesse or, three grenades, fired proper, in 
 chief a castle argent, surmounted with the word ** Netherlands," 
 in base a lion couchant of the third gorged with a ribbon gules 
 fimbriated azure, pendent therefrom a shield of the fourth 
 charged with a gold medal, thereon the work *' Badajoz." 
 
 Crest. — In front of a castle argent a lion couchant or, gorged 
 with a chaplet of laurel, a medal, as in the arms, hanging there- 
 from. 
 
JONES BT 
 C&AKMSK HALL C? KORrOLl 
 
Clark. 73 
 
 CLAKK. 
 
 IR JOHN CLARK held a command in 
 the army with which Henry VIII. in- 
 vaded France in 1512-3, and was pre- 
 sent at the hattle of Guinegate, which 
 was fought on the eighteenth of August, where he had 
 the good fortune to take the Due de Longueville pri- 
 soner. This hattle, or rather flight, is usually termed 
 the "Battle of Spurs,'* for the French forces, heing 
 seized with a sudden and unaccountable panic, (see 
 Hume's History) scarcely awaited the onset of the Eng- 
 lish, but making more use of their spurs than spears, 
 fled in such utter confusion and disorder, that although 
 few were killed, yet many of their most distinguished 
 officers were made prisoners ; among whom were the 
 bravo Busi d' Aroboise, Clermont Imbercourt, and 
 Bayard, " the Knight without fear and without re- 
 proach." 
 
 In memory of this exploit Sir John Clark, knight, 
 received for augmentation to his paternal coat — " On a 
 sinister canton azure a domi-ram salient argent, armed 
 or, in chief two fknn--de-lis of the last, and over all a 
 baton dexterways," being the arms of the captured 
 Duke. 
 
n 
 
 Anecdotes of Heraldry/. 
 
 SCOTT OF THIELESTANE. 
 
 RMS — " Or on a bend azure, a mullet, be- 
 tween two crescents of the field, within a 
 double tressure, florj-counterflorj of the 
 second." The tressure was granted by 
 James V. of Scotland to John Scott, for the following ser- 
 vice, which is thus expressed in the grant : — " For bean 
 willing to gang wi' us into England, when all our no- 
 bles and others refused, he was ready to stake all at Our 
 bidding, for which cause we do command our Lion he- 
 rald to give the said John Scott a border of fleur-de-lis 
 about his coat of arms, like as is our royal banner, and 
 also a bundle of lances above his helmet, with the words, 
 * Eeady, ay, ready.' " 
 
 WHITGREAYE OF MOSELEY COURT. 
 
 HE family of Whitgreave, in consideration 
 
 of the eminent loyalty of their ancestor, 
 
 Thomas Whitgreave of Moseley, during 
 
 the civil war, and the great service rendered 
 
 by him to his royal master, Charles II., after the battle 
 
Thorny alias Thome, of St, Albans. 75 
 
 of Worcester, had an honourable augmentation added to 
 his armorial ensigns, viz., a chief argent, thereon a rose 
 gules, irradicated gold within a wreath of oak proper. 
 And the following additional crest of augmentation- — out 
 of a ducal coronet a sceptre in pale or, surmounted by 
 a branch of oak proper, and a rose gules, slipped in 
 saltire also proper. 
 
 THOKN, ALIAS THORNE, OF ST. ALBANS. 
 
 HIS family is now reprcscntctl by William 
 Thorn, M.D., who claims the distinction 
 of being the true descendant of Thor, (see 
 Lord Lindsay's Lives), and of also being 
 the lineal representative of the Knights of the Swan, 
 (see the Roll of Carlaverock for Robert do Touni) ; tlie 
 crests are three, all having reference to Thorn or Thor. 
 The first is a lion rampant sable," which," says Fabcr, in 
 his '^Mysteries of the Cabiri," (vol. i, p. 310), ** is in the 
 Irish or Celtic (therefore Latin element) Faith, derived 
 from Thoth or Thor, the Egyptian deity ;" tlic second is 
 a swan with a bunch of roses in the beak, derived from 
 Torgos in the Greek, for which see the Cassandra of 
 Lycophron ; while tho third is a cock witli a rose in 
 the beak, which is called Tharngolath in tho Hebix?w, 
 aa in Buxtorf and liindo. Thus do these crests show, 
 that when tlio supremo god of tho Saxon race, Thor 
 
76 Anecdotes of Heraldry* 
 
 became Thorn, natus or born under a natus-speaking 
 people, that then He who suiFered for us, (having his 
 head crowned and his hands and feet pierced with 
 thorns, for thorns and nails are synonymous in Hebrew, 
 and over his head an inscription in Hebrew, Greek, 
 and Latin,) was the Jehovah Lamb slain from the 
 foundation of the world ; as His name implies, viz., or 
 TA— Theos = Son of God (Greek), 0, Eternity or Fa- 
 ther (Latin), and B, Euach or Spirit (Hebrew); or 
 Thor — equal to Father, Son, and Spirit born — equal 
 to Thorn ! 
 
ii4 
 
 BOYCOTT 
 
Boycott of Sennow Lodge, Co, Norfolk, 77 
 
 BOYCOTT OF SENNOW LODGE, 
 Co. NOEFOLK. 
 
 LTHOUGH Charles II. has often been 
 reproached, and that too with justice, for 
 the neglect with which he treated but too 
 SI many of those who had ventured their 
 lives and expended their fortunes in the cause of his 
 father and himself, yet there can be but little doubt that 
 this apparent neglect arose from the dislike which he 
 felt to sec or meet men, whom his own personal extra- 
 vagance, and the very great magnitude of their claims, 
 rendered him unable to effectually assist. And this is 
 the more evident because we find no reluctance what- 
 ever, on his part, to acknowledge and reward the faith- 
 ful services of those persons whose position enabled 
 them to be contented vrith other than pecuniary rewanis, 
 by grants of arms and honours. It was in this way 
 that ho showed his gratitude to Sylvaiuis and Francis, 
 the sons of William Boycott, co. Salop, who, following 
 tlio examj)le of their father, did their very best to aid 
 Charles I. in his stnigglo against tlio forces of the 
 Parliament. 
 
 For, in order to transmit to posterity the particular 
 manner in which they served the cause of their sove- 
 
78 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 I'eign, which was principally by supplying his troops 
 and fortresses with artillery and ammunition, he or- 
 dered that they should hear in their arms three gre- 
 nades proper, and that their crest should he an arm 
 throwing a grenade, and these are still borne by the 
 family. 
 
WALLER. 
 
 OP GROOMBRIDGE. 
 
Waller of Groombridge, co. Kent, 79 
 
 WALLEE OF GKOOMBRIDGE, Co. KENT. 
 
 HE crest of this family, which was a wal- 
 nut tree fructed proper, received the ad- 
 dition of a shield hung upon one of the 
 lower boughs, and charged with the arms 
 of France, viz., azure, three fleur-de-lis or, differenced 
 with a label of three points, under the following honour- 
 able circumstances. 
 
 When Henry V. went on his expedition into France, 
 Sir Richard Waller of Groombridge attended him in 
 command of a body of troops, and being present at the 
 victory of Azincour, had the good fortune to take pri- 
 soner in single combat Charles Duke of Orleans, 
 brother to the French king. Sir Richard, according to 
 the universal custom of that period, detained his prisoner 
 until whatever sum might be agreed upon for ransom 
 should have been collected and paid ; and when, after 
 the marriage of Henry to Catherine of France, many of 
 the English knights and gentry returni^ to their own 
 country, he also returned to Kent, taking his noble cap- 
 tive with him. But many circumstances tended to delay 
 the payment of tlic Duke's ransom, of wliich three aixj 
 l)ocially deserving of mention, Ih the first place, it 
 nmst be remembered, that the amount of money to bo 
 paid for ransom waa, for tho moet part, lufl to tho do- 
 
80 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 cision of tlie prisoner himself, who rated himself at 
 whatever sum he thought proportionate to his rank and 
 property; nor could a greater insult be offered to a 
 nobleman distinguished for his birth or his exploits, than 
 to set no higher sum upon him than upon an ordinary 
 knight or esquire. Thus, at an earlier period, in the 
 reign of Edward III., we find the famous Bertrand du 
 Guesclin expressing himself in terms of the highest 
 indignation when he observed that only 6000 crowns 
 were demanded for his ransom, and declaring that he 
 considered himself worth at least 100,000 crowns, which 
 latter sum he forthwith collected and paid to his captors. 
 In the same spirit the Duke of Orleans, considering his 
 near relationship to the French king, and the extensive 
 domains and appanages which he held, named at the 
 period of his capture 400,000 crowns as the sum that 
 he was prepared to pay for his liberation ; and which, 
 although considerable even in the present day, expressed 
 at that time a far greater value. But however great its 
 amount, the rules of chivalry made it imperative that if 
 once promised, it must be paid before he who promised 
 it could be liberated ; so that, in the present instance, 
 Charles of Orleans knew that he was condemning him- 
 self to a lengthened captivity in case any delay should 
 arise in getting it together. Now again, the condition 
 of France, at the period of which I am speaking, ren- 
 dered the raising of large sums of money a task well 
 nigh impossible. That unhappy country had never re- 
 covered from the injuries inflicted on it by the invasions 
 of the Enghsh, and the insurrections of the peasantry 
 
Waller of Groombridge, co. Kent 81 
 
 during the reign of Edward III. ; and the fresh reverses 
 which it sustained under Henry V., not only ruined its 
 commerce and agriculture, but by draining it of the 
 numerous sums which, in comparatively small amounts, 
 were paid for the ransoms of the captive knights and 
 gentlemen of inferior degree, made it doubly diflScult to 
 collect such a mass of wealth as that which the Duke of 
 Orleans had so rashly named. And this cause by itself 
 would have greatly added to the difficulty of eifecting 
 his liberation. But when we join to this the fact that, 
 owing to the feudal jealousies and party divisions by 
 which, notwithstanding the presence of foreign enemies, 
 France was at that time distracted, Orleans had left 
 many enemies in his native country, who, far from being 
 eager for his return, used every means in their power 
 to prevent it, it will no longer be a matter of astonishment 
 to us that his captivity was prolonged during a period 
 of twenty-four years. Yet those years appear to have . 
 been passed in no unhappy manner, but on the contrary, 
 the Duke having been treated by his captor with all 
 that chivalrous deference and respect which their rela- 
 tive ranks and positions required, conceived so strong a 
 friendship for him that he, it is said, felt deep regret 
 when, on the payment of his ransom, ho was obliged to 
 return to France. Nor did he depart without leaving 
 behind him substantial proofs of the regard in which ho 
 held the English knight ; for previously to the payment 
 of his ransom, ho had caused the family mansion of the 
 Wallers to be rebuih, and his arms yet remain upon the 
 porch of the parish church of Spcldhui*8t, of wliich he 
 
 Q 
 
82 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 was a liberal benefactor. It is to this fortunate exploit 
 of Sir Eichard Waller that tbe augmentation of the family 
 crest and the motto both refer, for the shield with the 
 fleur-de-lis, differenced with a label, is that of the captive 
 Duke of Orleans, assumed by his captor according to 
 the law of arms, or it may be by his express permission ; 
 and the motto, " Hie fructus virtutis," may either be 
 rendered, " This is the reward of valour," alluding to 
 the right to assume so honourable a bearing which his 
 valour had won for Sir Kichard, or, " This is the reward 
 of virtue,'' alluding to the permission to bear it, as well 
 as to the other tokens of affection which the knight's 
 noble and generous conduct had gained from the captive 
 prince. 
 
Herschely Bart, 83 
 
 HERSCHEL, BART. 
 
 N the choice of these arms, Sir F. Herschel 
 selected such emblems as should clearly 
 point out to posterity the special studies 
 and discoveries which led him to eminence. 
 It is true, that by astronomical devices of more general 
 character, any one who looked at the arms of Herschel 
 might have been made aware that some one or other of 
 the family had at some time achieved renown as a 
 mathematician or astronomer, but this would have been 
 all ; what he had done would have been uncertain, it 
 would not have been known whether his place was first 
 or last amid the band of sages. But now error is im- 
 possible. In the arms we behold that mighty telescope 
 which, while it demonstrated the maker's great mecha- 
 nical skill, enabled him to travel further into the abyss 
 of stars than mortal had over done before ; and on the 
 chief in the arms we see the symbol of that j)lauet 
 which foreign astronomers have most inappropriately 
 called Uranus, even if they were right in not allowing 
 it to bear the name of its discovei-er. Tho motto, too, 
 " Ccelis exploratis," still points to diHcoveries in the 
 heavens ; while tho eagle in tho crest, with his wings 
 elevated as though about to rise from tho globe on which 
 
84 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 he stands, shows the lofty aspirations of the astronomer, 
 whose thoughts are more engaged with heaven than 
 earth. 
 
 Abms. — Argent, on a mount vert a representation of the forty- 
 feet reflecting telescope, with its apparatus proper ; a chief azure, 
 thereon the astronomical symbol of Uranus or the Georgium Sidus, 
 irradiated, or. 
 
 Crest. — A demi-terrestrial sphere proper, thereon an eagle, 
 wings elevated, or. 
 
 Motto. — " Coelis exploratis." 
 
LECHE CO DERBY 
 
 DRAKE BART 
 
Leche, co, Derby. 85 
 
 LECHE, Co. DEKJBY. 
 
 HIS family bears — ermine on a chief in- 
 dented gules three crowns or ; and its 
 crest is — out of a ducal coronet or, an arm 
 erect proper, grasping a leech environed 
 round the arm vert. 
 
 The leech in the crest is an obvious allusion to the 
 family name, but the crowns in the arms, according to an 
 old pedigree, were granted on the following occasion ; 
 and, indeed, crowns seem to have been a usual token of 
 thanks for special services rendered to sovereigns. 
 
 " One of this auncient family living in Barkshire, near 
 Windsor, in the time of king Edward III. entertained 
 and feasted three kings in his house, one ye king of 
 England, ye king of France, and yo king of Scotts, 
 which two kings were at that time prisoners to king 
 Edward ; which king Edward, to requite his good en- 
 tertainment and other favours, gave him three crowns, 
 on his chief indented gules, yo field ermine ; which 
 coato is borne by the name and family, dispersed into 
 many other countays, as Bedfordshire, Nottingham- 
 shire, Yorkshire, Cheshire, and Lancashire." 
 
86 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 DEAKE OF NUTWELL COUET, Co. 
 DEVON, BAET. 
 
 SLIGHT inspection is sufficient to show 
 that both arms and crest refer to some 
 remarkable exploits ; and that, while the 
 two pole stars point out both the northern 
 and southern hemispheres as the scenes of such exploits, 
 the fess wavy declares that whatever they may have 
 been, they were performed by sea. The crest tells the 
 same story in yet more express terms, and, in fact, 
 the whole of the bearings were assumed by Sir Francis 
 Drake when, after three years' voyage, in which he cir- 
 cumnavigated the globe, he returned to his native land, 
 there to receive the congratulations of his countrymen, 
 and to be honoured by a visit from Elizabeth, his royal 
 mistress. Yet it may to his credit be observed, that 
 neither the voice of popular applause, nor the knighthood 
 conferred on him by one who was very chary of the 
 honours she bestowed, could make him forget to whom 
 he owed all his success ; though his queen might com- 
 mand the vessel in which he had sailed over the vast 
 expanse of waters to be preserved so long as her timbers 
 would hold together, yet, in the truly pious spirit of his 
 age, he was careful to set forth by his crest and motto 
 
Drake of Nutwell Court. 87 
 
 his acknowledgment, that though human skill might 
 reef the sail and strive to evade the dangers of the deep, 
 yet that an arm from ahove and the aid of Heaven could 
 alone preserve the ship from the storm, and draw her in 
 safety through her perilous track. 
 
 Abms. — Sable, a fesse wavy between two pole stars argent. 
 
 Crest. — A ship under reef trained round a terrestrial globe by- 
 two hawsers, by a hand out of the clouds, and on a scroll the 
 words, ** Auxilio divino." 
 
88 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 VILLIEKS. 
 
 WING to the great number of bearings 
 which evidently owe their origin to the 
 Crusades, it has been argued by some 
 writers that well nigh all do so; but it 
 seems far more probable that a great many persons who 
 before had carried devices commemorative of some 
 merely local or trivial occurrences, chose, after they 
 had been engaged in that great and holy war, to adopt 
 some emblems which should show to their descendants, 
 and to mankind in general, that they had supported 
 the cause of their Kedeemer against the infidels. 
 
 Of this the Yilliers family are an instance. Their 
 former coat was — sable, three cinquefoils argent; but 
 when they had been to the Holy Land, they changed 
 them for — argent, on a cross gules (St. George's cross), 
 five escallops or : thus by the cross pointing out their 
 nation, and by the escallop shells the service in which 
 they had been employed. 
 
 There are many more instances of the same kind ; 
 though in some cases the original coat has not been 
 entirely changed, but only modified. 
 
NEWMAN 
 
 HICKS 
 
Newman of Thornhury Park. 
 
 89 
 
 NEWMAN OF THOENBUEY PAKK, 
 Co. GLOUCESTEK. 
 
 HE augmentation to his paternal coat, 
 shewn above, was granted to Kichard 
 Newman by Charles II., in consideration 
 of the loyalty and suffering of his father 
 during the great rebellion. It is — " on an escutcheon 
 gules a portcullis crowned or ; the portcullis being the 
 badge of the Tudor family, and denoting firmness and 
 endurance, while the crown points out that these qualities 
 were exerted in the cause of his sovereign. 
 
 HICKS. 
 
 F knights in ancient times there were soyc- 
 ral kinds, more or less honourable. Some 
 there were who, because they held suffi- 
 ^ cieiit land to form what was tormed a 
 knight's fee, wito in a manner compelled by their feudal 
 superior to receive the order of knighthood, in oixler that 
 they might swell his retinue and add to his importance. 
 
90 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 These were usually termed Household Knights, and were 
 held in but little esteem. 
 
 Others, again, were Citizen Knights, pretty much re- 
 sembling those of modern times, who obtained the honour 
 on account of their wealth, or because of some civic dig- 
 nity which they had held. These possessed a sort of 
 local importance, and very often were men of great 
 weight and influence. 
 
 But of all kinds of knighthood the degree of Knight 
 Eanneret, especially when conferred after a stricken 
 field, was the most honourable, since it was never con- 
 ferred upon any one who had not distinguished him- 
 self by great address and valour. And the honour be- 
 came more signal if the newly-created knight was 
 also granted certain bearings referring to the deeds by 
 which he won his way to dignity. Thus Sir EHas 
 Hicks, who was made Knight Banneret in the reign of 
 Edward III., received the honour at the hands of the 
 Black Prince, and was moreover allowed to bear three 
 fleur-de-lis in his arms, on account of his valour in cap- 
 turing as many French standards. 
 
Ushorne, 91 
 
 USBOE]^E. 
 
 HE founder of this family was a merchant 
 engaged in the timber trade, whose busi- 
 ness lay generally with the ports of the 
 Baltic Sea, and in especial with those 
 of Memel and Christiana. By activity and energy 
 he amassed a large fortune, and obtained from the 
 Heralds College a grant of arms, which excellently 
 sets forth the means, the place, and the qualities by 
 which he attained distinction. If we believe the gene- 
 rally received opinion, the pale in heraldry denotes 
 one of those wooden stakes by which camps were en- 
 compassed and fortified, and a coat paly, t. «. strewn 
 with these stakes, or long pieces of timber, is very ap- 
 propriately assigned to one whose traffic was concerned 
 with logs and trunks of trees. 
 
 The lion passant, although of somewhat general ap- 
 plication, is a well-known emblem of strength and cou- 
 rage, applicable to one who raised himself to fortune by 
 those qualities ; while the chief wavy declares in terms 
 sufficiently clear that ho was engaged in matters relat- 
 ing to the sea and to nautical adventure. Nor is the 
 anebor between the martlets (those birds of passage) 
 without its appropriate meaning, for it shows that tho 
 ship which bore the former could not enter the port where 
 
92 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 she was to moor, until, like the latter, she had crossed 
 with untiring wing over the wide ocean. 
 
 By the crest, the region with which the trade was 
 carried on is made known ; for on the dark woods which 
 surround the Baltic the fir and pine trees grow, beneath 
 the shelter of whose branches the stag finds a place of 
 shelter. Of all these emblems the chief wavy, the 
 anchor and the martlets are most clear and unmistake- 
 able; the others, although perfectly applicable when 
 the original employment and place of trade of their 
 bearer is disclosed, yet could not of themselves tell 
 whether he traded in the pales, or fought from behind 
 them, and pine-trees with stags beneath them, are 
 found in Canada as well as on the shores of the 
 Baltic. 
 
 Arms. — Paly of eight argent and gules a lion passant, pro- 
 per, on a chief wavy azure, an anchor between two martlets 
 argent. 
 
 Crest. — On a mount a stag lodged under a pine tree, all 
 proper. 
 
LOCKHART 
 
Lockhart. 93 
 
 LOCKHAET. 
 
 I HE man's heart in the arms of this family, 
 and which hailgs ensigned with an impe- 
 rial crown or, from the neck of the cheva- 
 lier who forms the dexter supporter, is that 
 same heart of Robert Bruce which is borne by the 
 house of Douglas, and which the dying monarch 
 wished to be carried to the Holy Sepulchre. Sir Simon 
 Locard of Lee, was one of the warriors selected by the 
 Lord James Douglas to assist in fulfilling the com- 
 mission entrusted to him by his beloved master; 
 and to this Sir Simon was committed one of the 
 three keys which guarded the casket containing so 
 precious a deposit. When Douglas, by his rashness 
 in joining the Spaniards in their war with the Moors, 
 had not only lost his own life, but also placed the 
 lieart of the noblest king who ever swayed the scep- 
 tre of Scotland in danger of being taken, and gazed 
 at, and prophaned by those vile infidels, Sir Simon, 
 aided by his companions, succeeded in rescuing the 
 dead body of his leader, as well as the precious casket 
 from under the horse's hoofs. Deeply bewailing the 
 loss of the " good Lord James," the little band were 
 comforted with the reflection that they yet might accom- 
 phsh the behests of their sovereign ; and, after staying 
 
94 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 awhile until their wounds were healed, during which 
 time they were entertained with all love and honour hj 
 the Spaniards, again took ship for Palestine. On arriv- 
 ing at Joppa, they without delay set out for Jerusalem ; 
 and whether it were that the fame of the Bruce had 
 reached even to eastern lands, or, as is more probable, 
 that they had brought with them sufficient gold to gra- 
 tify the cupidity even of the Moslem soldiery, certain 
 it is that they succeeded in getting to the Holy City, 
 and in depositing the heart of the Bruce in consecrated 
 earth, as near as possible to the sepulchre of his Ee- 
 deemer. They then returned in safety to their own 
 land ; and Sir Simon, proud of having discharged his 
 duty to the noblest king and most valiant leader whom 
 ever knight served, assumed in his arms the heart 
 which he had so faithfully guarded, as well as the fet- 
 terlock by which the casket had been secured, and 
 altered his name from Locard to Lockheart, in order 
 that ever when they heard it uttered, his descendants 
 might be reminded of the good services of their pro- 
 genitor. 
 
 Arms. — Argent, a man's heart gules within a fetterlock 
 sable, on a chief azure three boars' heads erased of the first. 
 
LLE^E LYN 
 
Llewelyn, 
 
 95 
 
 TRIPP. 
 
 HIS family obtained the name of Tripp in 
 the reign of Henry Y., and the circum- 
 stance which led them to assume it is thus 
 described in the inscription beneath an 
 escutcheon in the possession of the family. *' This 
 atchievement was given to my lord Howard's fifth son 
 at the siege of Bullogne ; King Henry V. being there, 
 asked how they took the town and castle ; Howard an- 
 swered, * I tripped up the walls ; ' saith his Majesty, 
 ' Tripp shall be thy name, and no longer Howard ;' and 
 honoured him with the scaling ladder for his bend." 
 
 Arms. — Gules, a scaling ladder in bend argent, between six 
 cross crosslets, fitchde of the last. 
 
 LLEWELYN. 
 
 LE^^ELYN ap Ynyr Olal, whose arms 
 ore paly of eight argent and gules, derived 
 from the following circumstance. In the 
 year 11 ()5, a battle was fought at a place 
 called Crogen (Chirk Castle), between the Welsh and 
 English, at which Llewelyn ap Ynyr gi^atly distin- 
 
96 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 gxiished himself. While conversing with his prince, 
 who had commanded in the fight, soon after the contest 
 was over, he chanced to grasp the bright blade of his 
 sword with his left hand, which was covered with blood, 
 and thus impressed upon it the marks of four bloody 
 fingers. The prince observing this, bade him bear 
 similar marks on his shield, to perpetuate the memory 
 of the valour which he had that day exhibited, and also 
 granted him the lordship of Yale as a substantial reward 
 for his services. 
 
 DAWlSnEY, VISCOUNT DOWNE, PEEKAGE 
 OF lEELAND. 
 
 HE crest of this noble family is a demi- 
 Saracen in armour couped at the thighs, 
 and wreathed about the temples proper, 
 holding in the dexter hand a ring or, 
 stoned azure, and in the sinister a lion's gamb erased 
 or, armed gules. It is borne in memory of a deed of 
 daring valour performed by Sir William D'Aunay, from 
 whom the present viscount is lineally descended. Sir 
 WiUiam D'Aunay held, 4 Kichard I., a high command 
 in the army of English Crusaders then serving before 
 Aeon. Kow, it was the common custom of the infidel 
 champions, who had gathered in great numbers around 
 the Christian host, which was then besieging the place. 
 
Dawney^ Viscount Downe. 97 
 
 to challenge the Christian warriors to single combat, in 
 order thereby to gain some respite for the besieged, or 
 perhaps, from pure chivalrous daring. Accordingly, Sir 
 William, when riding one day at some little distance from 
 the camp, perceived a Saracen emir, richly armed and 
 splendidly mounted, coming towards him at the head of 
 a body of men about equal in number to his own atten- 
 dants. Halting his troop at a little distance, the Mos- 
 lem, who employed that sort of lingua franca which was 
 used when the opposing parties desired to communicate 
 with each other, challenged the Englishman to single 
 combat, an offer which was readily accepted. The 
 event of the contest was not long doubtful, and the 
 infidel fell beneath the blows of the champion of the 
 Cross. But D^Aunay was now exposed to another and 
 far more terrible danger. The slain emir, according to 
 a certain custom then prevalent among the inhabitants 
 of the East, was in the liabit of carrying about with him 
 in his train a lion, who, having been taken as a cub 
 among the ruins of Babylon, had grown to an extra- 
 ordinary size and fierceness, although he was submissive 
 to his immediate attendants, and very fond of his master. 
 At the time of that master's fall he was present, being lield 
 in leash by some of the followei-s, and exhibited such 
 signs of uncontrollable rage and vengeance, tliat thuso 
 who held the leash, either from fear, or, as is more pro- 
 bable, to avenge their lord, slipj)ed it, and let the mon- 
 ster loose upon Sir William. Nowise dismayed at the 
 sight of this second foe, the valiant knight, forbidding 
 his archere, who had already bent their bows, to shoot, 
 
 H 
 
98 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 rushed upon his four-footed antagonist, lance in rest, 
 and was fortunate enough to pin him to the earth. 
 
 Cceur-de-Lion, who from a distance had heheld the 
 comhat, was dehghted at the double victory, and gave 
 D'Aunay a ring from his own finger (which is still 
 preserved in the family), with permission to wear the 
 crest given above. 
 
TYRWHITT 
 
Tyrwhitt 99 
 
 TYKWHITT. 
 
 HE origin of the name as well as the arms 
 is accounted for as follows. 
 
 A warrior who, probably from his gigan- 
 tic strength and valour, was called Hercu- 
 lus, or Hercules, received the order of knighthood, and 
 took up his abode in Northumberland, 2 William I. At 
 that period the whole northern counties were in a state of 
 constant disturbance, and Sir Hercules was accordingly 
 often forced to defend himself against the assaults of his 
 various enemies. On one occasion, when riding with a 
 party of his retainers, he was set upon by his opponents 
 in such superior numbers, that his attendants fled across 
 a neighbouring bridge, which aftbrded the only passage 
 over a deep and rapid stream. This would, however, 
 have availed them little had not the undaunted 
 Sir Hercules posted himself at the entrance to the 
 bridge with his ponderous mace in his hand, and so 
 sustained the onset of his foes. So great was his 
 strength and skill in the use of his weapon, that he 
 succeeded in beating off his assailants, who liad lost 
 many of their number, and who, moreover, were dis- 
 heartened by seeing the runaways returning through 
 very shame to the rescue of their master. But they 
 would have returned too late to save Sir Hercules, who, 
 
100 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 fainting from exertion and loss of blood, had rolled from 
 the causeway into a piece of marshy ground, covered 
 with rushes, had not the clatter of his armour as he fell 
 startled from their nests certain tyrwhitts or pewits, 
 whose shrill cries, as they wheeled in circles over the 
 place where he lay, enabled the searchers to discover 
 and revive him. To commemorate this remarkable 
 circumstance, he forthwith assumed the name of Tyr- 
 whitt, placed three pewits upon his shield, and took for 
 crest the figure of his namesake, *^ Hercules,'' bearing 
 a club, in memory of the great deeds which he himself 
 had enacted with his mace. 
 
 Arms. — Gules, three tyrwhitts or lapwings gold. 
 Crest. — A savage man proper, cinctured and wreathed vert, 
 holding in both hands a club. 
 
HAMILTON 
 
Hamilton. 
 
 101 
 
 HAMILTON. 
 
 i HIS family is descended from an Anglo- 
 Norman stock, for Sir William de Ham- 
 bledon was a younger son of Robert de 
 Bellomont, third Earl of Leicester. This 
 Sir William, being at the court of king Edward II., a. d. 
 1325, chanced one day, in the course of convei*sation, to 
 express in high terms his admiration of the skill and valour 
 displayed on many occasions by Robert Bruce, whom 
 the Scots had chosen king, but whom the English still 
 continued to term a traitor and usurper. It chanced 
 that John De Spenser, a near relation of the well-known 
 favourites of Edward, was present at the time, and not 
 enduring, as he asserted, to hear an Englishman j>ro- 
 claim the praises of a traitor and rebel to his liege lord, 
 assailed Hambledon in terms of the grossest insolenco 
 and contumely, and at last proceeded to strike him. 
 Of course, nothing remained for Sir William but to 
 endeavour to wash out the insult in the blood of his 
 enemy ; he accordingly challenged De Sponsor to meet 
 him in single combat, and in the rencontre which ensued 
 the latter foil. Considering the original cause of the 
 dispute, which was sure to prejudice his countrymen 
 against him, and knowing that the court favour possessed 
 by the Sponsors rendered it useless to hope for justice at 
 
102 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 the hands of his sovereign, Sir William at once deter- 
 mined on flight ; and, attended bj only one faithful 
 servant, set out on his way for Scotland, where he 
 knew that he would meet with a hearty welcome, were it 
 only for the cause which forced him to take refuge 
 there. 
 
 After travelling for some days, they found that they 
 were closely pursued by the emissaries of the De Spon- 
 gers ; but being fortunately near a wood, they entered it, 
 and borrowing some coarse clothing from two woodcutters, 
 who were engaged in felling trees, they took one' of their 
 saws, and employed themselves in cutting through an 
 oak tree, or rather, in completing what the others had 
 commenced. The servant, however, when the pursuers 
 entered the wood and commenced questioning one of 
 the real labourers, could not help casting at them 
 anxious glances, which, had they been observed, would 
 undoubtedly have excited suspicion. Hambledon, per- 
 ceiving this, recalled him to a sense of his position by 
 crying out in a loud voice, " Through," as though he 
 were chiding him for neglecting his work. His caution 
 was attended to, and the soldiers having vainly endea- 
 voured to extract information from the woodcutters, 
 pursued their search in another direction. In memory 
 of this narrow escape, Hambledon, when he reached 
 Scotland in safety, exchanged the %rmer crest of his 
 family for that which his Scottish descendants now bear, 
 viz. — Out of a ducal coronet, or, an oak-tree, fructed, 
 and penetrated transversely in the main stem by a 
 frame-saw proper, the frame or, and for motto the 
 word " Through," 
 
Keith, Earl of Kintore, 103 
 
 KEITH, EAEL OF KINTORE. 
 
 HEN Oliver Cromwell invaded, and, in a 
 great measure, subdued Scotland, after 
 winning the great battle of Dunbar, he 
 caused diligent search to be made for the 
 Scottish Regalia, which he intended to convey to Eng- 
 land, both as a token of victory and in order to prevent 
 them from being used in case any rising should take 
 place in favour of the dethroned heir of the Stuarts. 
 However, Sir John Keith, Earl Marischal of Scotland, 
 to whoso charge the jewels had been entrusted, buried 
 them secretly by night in Kinneff Church, and tlien 
 escaped to France. As they were well known to have 
 been in his keeping, it was universally believed, when 
 his flight was discovered, that ho had taken them with 
 him, and the search for thera accoixlingly was stayed. 
 He kept his secret for several years, and did not dis- 
 close their hiding-place until the restoration of Charles II. 
 to the throne of his ancestors, enabled him to do so with 
 safety. For this service Sir John was raised to the 
 peerage in 1677, and the fii-st and fourth quorterings in 
 tho amis ai'e an augmentation granted in remombrancc 
 of the event, to which also tho motto, " Quid amisaa 
 salva," refers. Tho second and third quarierings, 
 which are of much older date, and in fact fbrmod the 
 
104 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 paternal coat of the family, originated in the following 
 manner. During the reign of Kenneth II., the Danes 
 made one of their many descents upon Scotland, and 
 were defeated by Kenneth in a battle fought near 
 Dundee, in which Lamis, their general, was slain. In 
 this action an ancestor of the Kintore family showed 
 such proofs of extraordinary valour, that Kenneth, in 
 token of his admiration, dipped his fingers in the blood 
 of the Dane, and drew three stripes across the top of 
 his shield, which gave rise to the arms. 
 
 Arms. — Quarterly 1st and 4th gules, a sceptre and sword, in 
 saltire with an imperial crown, in chief, within an orle of eight 
 thistles, or ; 2nd and 3rd argent, a chief, paly of six, or and gules 
 for Keith. 
 
^- 
 
 s^ 
 
 ,/*:^^ 0^*-% ''■>^"-4 »*^"'li _^5^ 
 
 
 '^^^ 
 
 &^T^J^ 
 
 ' ' -^^ 
 
Skene, co, Aberdeen, 105 
 
 SKENE, Co. ABEKDEEN. 
 
 HE Skenes bear for arms — Gules, three 
 skeans paleways in fesse argent, hilted 
 and pommelled or, surmounted of as many 
 wolves' heads of the third. 
 The following is the origin ascribed by tradition to 
 these arms. When David II., king of Scotland, was 
 hunting with a few followers in Stocket Forest, some 
 peasants came to him, eagerly entreating him to give 
 them aid against a monstrous wolf, who had de- 
 voured many of their sheep, and put themselves in 
 peril of their lives. David bade them lead him to 
 the place which they supposed to be the usual haunt of 
 the animal ; they accordingly led him into a long deep 
 valley, bordered with lofty trees, and filled with thickets 
 of thorn and briar. At the bottom ran a stream among 
 the fragments of rock. The royal party at once com- 
 menced to beat the bushes, and, in the eagerness of the 
 chase, the monarch was separated from his followers. 
 Suddenly, from beneath an overhanging rock, which 
 formed its den, the wolf, of which they wore in search, 
 sprang forth upon the king's horse, and seized it by 
 the throat witli such fury that, after rearing and 
 plunging violently, it rolled over upon its master. 
 David, bruised by the fall, and uuable to disentangle 
 
106 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 himself from his horse, would have fallen an easy prey 
 to the monster, who now prepared to attack him, had 
 not help been at hand. A mere youth, named Eobert- 
 son, who had followed the chase on foot, happening 
 to come up, saw the king's danger, and, drawing his 
 skene or dagger, the only weapon which he wore, suc- 
 ceeded, after a desperate combat, in killing the wolf. 
 He then proceeded to relieve his sovereign from the 
 weight of the horse. '^ What is thy name, young 
 man?" said David. " It is Eobertson." "Henceforth, 
 then," rejoined the king, " be thou called Skene, in 
 memory of the weapon which thou knowest so well how 
 to use ; lands I give thee in this forest, which also 
 shall be named after the dagger which won them, and 
 skenes and wolves' heads in thine arms shall convey to 
 posterity the record of thy loyalty and valour." Truly, 
 as the family motto (*^ Yirtutis regia merces ") says, 
 this was a royal reward for valour. 
 
Neville. 
 
 107 
 
 EOBINSOK 
 
 HE paternal arms of this family were — 
 Vert, a buck trippant within an orle of tre- 
 foils slipped or ; but Charles II., after his 
 restoration, granted to Sir John Eobinson, 
 Knt., Alderman of London, and Lieutenant of the Tower, 
 an augmentation in reward for the services rendered by 
 him in promoting that important event. The augmen- 
 tation coat is — " Quarterly crenelle, first and fourth 
 gules, on a tower argent, a lion of England." 
 
 NEVILLE. 
 
 TIE well-known badge of this family, ** The 
 rampant bear, chained to a ragged staff,*' 
 is said to have been first a8sume<l by 
 Arth, or Arthgal, the first Earl of War- 
 wick, and one of the Knights of King Arthur's Hound 
 Table ; the word Arth or Narth, signifying bear ; his 
 successor, Morvidus, added the ragged staff, in remem- 
 hranco of liis having slain a mighty giant with a tree 
 which had bccMi torn up by the roots, and had had ita 
 branches lopped off. 
 
108 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 KIEKPATEICK OF CLOSEBUEN". 
 
 HE circumstances which gave rise to the 
 adoption of this crest and motto cast a 
 strong Hght upon the peculiar character 
 ^ of the period, and show how, under the 
 pressure of strong excitement, a whole nation can deem 
 that the performance of a deed of patriotism exempts 
 its performer from the restraints of law and of religion, 
 and how the judgment of posterity can confirm their 
 verdict. 
 
 The state of Scotland, after the unjust decision of 
 Edward I., was most melancholy, yet although the 
 greater portion of the Lowlands and well nigh all the for- 
 tresses were held by the troops of the English monarch, 
 yet the national spirit remained unbroken ; the title of 
 Eobert the Bruce to the throne was recognised by the 
 majority of his countrymen, and all who opposed him 
 and sided with the English party were looked upon as 
 renegades and traitors. Among this latter class a 
 chieftain, called, from the colour of his hair, the Eed 
 Comyn, held a foremost place, and was looked upon 
 with corresponding abhorrence by the more enthusiastic 
 of his countrymen. However, it chanced that at one 
 time the patriotic party had become so greatly discou- 
 raged, that even Bruce himself had been obhged for a 
 
KIRZPATRICK. 
 
Kirkpatrick of Closehurn. 109 
 
 while to be silent as to his rights, and to pretend submis- 
 sion to the usurper. But he did not the less feel bitter 
 indignation in his own heart, and that the more keenly 
 because he dared not openly express it ; until an acci- 
 dent scattered to the winds all his resolutions of secrecy 
 and acquiescence. 
 
 Having met the Red Comyn, by chance or by ap- 
 pointment, in the church of the Greyfriars at Dumfiies, 
 he entered into a conversation with him, which gradu- 
 ally altered, as it was very likely to do, into a political 
 discussion ; one word led to another, until the anger of 
 the disputants was fairly roused, and then ** rebel" and 
 ** traitor'' were the insulting terms which the rival chiefs 
 applied to each other. At length, utterly unable to 
 control his indignation, or rather his fury, Bruce dealt 
 Comyn a stroke with his dagger, and tlien, hon-or-stnick, 
 not so much at the deed, as at the place where it was 
 committed, was rushing hastily out of the church, when 
 he was met by one of his boldest adherents. Sir Thomas 
 Kirkpatrick of Closehurn, who, seeing his agitation, in- 
 quired into its cause. " I doubt," said Bruce, " that I 
 have slain Comyn." " Doubtost thou," rejoined the 
 knight of Closehurn, " I will mak sicker," and, enter- 
 ing into the sacred edifice, without hesitation despatched 
 the wounded man. At any other time theix) can be no 
 doubt that so horrible an act of profanation would have 
 led to the most dreadful results. 
 
 Crest.— A hand holding n dagger, with the motto—" 1 will 
 mak sicker." 
 
110 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 HOWAED, DUKE OF NOKFOLK. 
 
 UEING the reign of Henry VIII. of 
 England, James lY. of Scotland being 
 partly influenced by the intrigues of 
 France and the flatteries of the French 
 queen, — partly by the impetuosity of his own disposi- 
 tion, and, in some measure, by the injury which the 
 incursions of the English had inflicted on his territory, 
 I'esolved on an invasion of that country. Accordingly, 
 in spite of the advice and remonstrances of his wisest 
 counsellors, he, in 1513, levied a powerful army, and 
 entered the northern counties of England, which he 
 wasted with fire and sword, destroying several minor 
 towns and castles. However, the English wardens of 
 the marches lost no time in collecting their forces under 
 the command of the Earl of Surrey, threw themselves, 
 with a body of troops not inferior in number to his 
 own, between the Scottish king and his own territory. 
 "Wlien the armies came in sight, the Scots were en- 
 camped at Flodden, and, had they been commanded by 
 a skilful general, might probably have inflicted a serious 
 loss upon the English, while the latter were engaged 
 in crossing the river which lay between the two posi- 
 tions. But James was not a skilful leader, but a chi- 
 valrous knight, who must needs wait until his foe had 
 
HOWARD 
 OTTKE or NORFOLK 
 
Howard, Duke of Norfolk. Ill 
 
 gained a fair field before he would attack him ; he ac- 
 cordingly allowed Surrey to form his troops, and then 
 made a furious onset. The battle was long contested, 
 but, like most of the numerous pitched battles fought 
 between the two nations, was decided by the English 
 archers, whose constant discharge the dense masses of 
 Scottish infantry were forced to endm-e without being 
 able to reply to it. The Scots were worsted, and al- 
 though their loss in common soldiers was not much 
 greater than that of their opponents, the slaughter 
 among the nobility, knights, and gentlemen was terri- 
 ble.* James himself was among the slain, and a body 
 asserted to be his was discovered ; but on this subject 
 many doubts have arisen, and reports, injurious to the 
 character of more than one distinguished nobleman, 
 were spread abroad at the time. However, the English 
 king seems to have entertained no doubts on the mat- 
 ter, for ho granted to his successful general (who after- 
 wards became Duke of Norfolk), the following augmen- 
 tation to his paternal coat — " On the bend argent, an 
 escutcheon or charged with a domi-lion rampant within 
 
 • This great and decisive victory was gained by the Earl of 
 Surrey, on the 9th of September, 1513. The victors had about 
 five thousjind men sluin, the Scots twice that number, at least. 
 But the lo8s Iny not so much in the number of the shiin, as in 
 their rank iind (junlity. The ICnj^lish lost very few men of distinc- 
 tion. The Scots left on the field the king, two bishops, two mitred 
 abbots, twelve enrls, thirteen lords, and five eldest sons of peers. 
 The number of gentlemen slain was beyond calculation;— there 
 is scarcely a family of name in Scottish history who did not lo.se 
 a relative there." — Scott's Tales of a Grandfather. 
 
112 
 
 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 a double treasure florj counter florj (a part of the arms 
 of Scotland), an arrow pierced through the lion's mouth, 
 all gules. The lion pierced with an arrow is a direct 
 allusion to that version of the storj which asserts that 
 the king's body was found pierced with several arrows. 
 
BULSTRODE 
 
Bulstrode of Bulstrode, co, Berks. 1 13 
 
 BULSTRODE OF BULSTEODE, Co. BERKS. 
 
 HE legend connected with this very ancient 
 Saxon family is interesting, inasmuch as 
 it records one of the very few instances in 
 which William the Norman was led, by 
 anything except pecuniary considerations, to treat the 
 Saxon gentry with courtesy or justice. There is no 
 doubt that many Saxons did indeed, after the distribu- 
 tion of the fairest portions of England among the con- 
 quering Normans, continue to hold lands which some 
 of their descendants possess, even to the present day ; 
 but then it was almost invariably by the payment of 
 heavy sums of money, to the needy adventurers to 
 whom they had been granted ; and who, lacking both 
 the taste and skill required for peaceful pursuits, were 
 willing, in return for gold, which they might spend 
 upon their pleasures, to make over their grants to the 
 rightful owners. 
 
 The tenure of the Bulstrodcs is very different from 
 this. Their estate in Berkshire had been granted by 
 William, according to his custom, to one of his followers, 
 to whom he lent a thousand men in order to take pos- 
 session of his new estate. However, the Saxon owner 
 of the lands, (his name is now lost), was a man of 
 I 
 
114 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 spirit, who determined not to give up his inheritance 
 without striking a blow for it ; accordingly having col- 
 lected together his retainers, and gained the aid of 
 some of the neighbouring landholders, he intrenched 
 himself within an earthwork, the remains of which are 
 still shown to attest the truth of the story, and prepared 
 to resist the intruder. Neither did he content himself 
 with defensive measures, but, on the contrary, when the 
 Normans appeared before the fortress, he mounted the 
 best of his men on bulls and oxen, of which he pos- 
 sessed large herds, and, putting himself at their head, 
 astride of the fiercest of the bulls, charged forth to 
 meet the enemy. He may have placed his followers 
 on these novel charges simply from lack of horses ; but 
 it is more probable that, knowing the superior skill of 
 the Normans with horse and lance, he selected an ani- 
 mal whose horns would greatly annoy the foot soldiers, 
 while its unwonted appearance in a field of battle would 
 render the Norman horses unmanageable, and prevent 
 their riders from levelling their lances truly. Nor did 
 the event disappoint his hopes, for the intruders con- 
 founded by the imexpected onset of a troop of half- 
 mad bulls, were defeated with considerable slaughter. 
 
 It might have been expected, that the Conqueror 
 would have been greatly exasperated by this contuma- 
 cious resistance to his authority, but this was not the 
 case ; for either amused at the whimsical character of 
 the resistance offered, or filled with that admiration for 
 true valour which the fiercest natures will sometimes feel, 
 he sent a message to the valiant Saxon to the effect 
 
Bulstrode of Bulstrode, co, Berks, 115 
 
 that he desired to see him, and that he would grant him 
 a safe passage to and from his court. 
 
 The Saxon obeyed the summons without hesitation, 
 and appeared accordingly riding upon a bull, and 
 attended by his seven sons similarly mounted. After 
 rendering homage to one who, if not his sovereign " de 
 jure," was certainly so " de facto," he urged his rights 
 so well and wisely, that, aided doubtless by the recol- 
 lection of his performances as ** knight of the bulls," he 
 obtained full pardon for his resistance to the royal war- 
 rant, and a grant of his estate to himself and his heirs 
 for ever. In remembrance of these events he assumed 
 the above crest, together with the appropriate name of 
 Bulstrode. 
 
116 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 LLOYD OF MILFOED, Co. CARDIGAN. 
 
 HESE arms are said to have been granted 
 to Cadivor ap Dyfnwal by Prince Khys 
 of South Wales, on the occasion which I 
 proceed to describe. It is well known that 
 Henry II. of England waged fierce and well nigh in- 
 cessant war against the Welsh, whom he worsted in 
 many engagements, and whose incursions he in a great 
 degree checked by building castles in various strong 
 positions along the frontier, and some even far within 
 the limits of the principality. Of these fortresses none 
 gave greater annoyance to the Welsh than that of 
 Abertivy, since called Cardigan Castle, which was held 
 by Gilbert, Earl of Clare, with a strong garrison of 
 Flemings ; and in fact they at last became so impatient 
 that it was evident that sooner or later an attack would 
 be made upon the place. However, the Earl and his 
 Flemings heard all the flying rumours of impending 
 danger with the utmost composure; for the walls of 
 their stronghold were lofty and solid, their supply of 
 provision ample, their stores of bolts, arrows, and other 
 missiles abundant; and, to crown all, they were veteran 
 soldiers armed at all points, every one of whom con- 
 sidered himself equal to half-a-dozen Welshmen. So 
 that when the news reached the castle that Prince Rhys, 
 
LLOYD or MILFOED 
 
Lloyd of Milfordi CO. Cardigan, 117 
 
 presuming that the difficulties in which Henry was in- 
 volved by his quarrel with Becket, would be a favourable 
 opportunity for the attempt, had again raised the 
 standard of revolt, its inmates treated the matter with 
 great contempt. It is true, the governor became, if 
 possible, more exact than ever in seeing that watch and 
 ward were properly kept, and when he rode forth it was 
 with a stronger escort than before, but there his pre- 
 cautions ceased ; he had been too long accustomed to 
 despise his undisciplined foes, though, as the sequel 
 proved, he had good cause to fear them. 
 
 Among the many minor leaders who were present 
 in the army of Rhys, was Cadivor ap Dyfnwal, a de- 
 scendant of one of the noblest families in South Wales. 
 This Cadivor entertained a bitter grudge against the 
 Earl of Clare, because, as he deemed, the Earl had 
 treated him with injustice and contumely in a matter 
 respecting wliich he had been obliged, however unwil- 
 lingly, to appear before a court in which the English 
 governor presided. As the present seemed a favourable 
 opportunity for obtaining revenge, he determined to 
 embrace it, and accordingly communicnted to certain of 
 his friends his fixed determination to attack the castio 
 of Cardigan. At first they attempted to dissuade him, 
 reminding him of the great height and strength of the 
 walls, and of the number and vigilance of the garrison. 
 Finding, however, that all their endoavoui*s were un- 
 availing, they, like true friends, resolved to share in the 
 perils of an enterprizo which they could not persuade 
 him to relinquish, and accordingly put tliemselves under 
 
118 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 his command. Choosing for his desperate enterprise a 
 very dark and tempestuous night, Cadivor approached 
 the castle at the head of a strong party of followers. 
 Of these he selected a certain number who were dis- 
 tinguished by their lightness and activity, and of whom 
 he took the immediate command ; while he ordered the 
 rest to creep up as near as possible to the castle gates, 
 and to commence a furious, though feigned attack, upon 
 them. This injunction was at once obeyed, and the 
 garrison were soon hastily called to their posts by the 
 yells and cries of the attacking Welsh, who poured upon 
 the battlements an incessant shower of stones and arrows. 
 While their whole attention was thus occupied, Cadivor 
 passed with his chosen band, who were provided with 
 scaling-ladders, to another portion of the fortifications, 
 which, being deemed inaccessible, was left comparatively 
 unguarded ; and, mounting silently, surprised and slew 
 the sentinels. He then ordered his men to raise their 
 war-cry ; and rushing hastily from the battlements 
 across the court to the main entrance of the castle, at- 
 tacked its defenders in the rear ; and having put them 
 to flight, succeeded in raising the portcullis, when 
 lowering the drawbridge admitted the rest of his party. 
 Being now reinforced by his whole band, he again 
 turned upon the garrison, who, being so greatly out- 
 numbered, resisted vainly though gallantly ; and having 
 slain the larger portion of them made the rest prisoners. 
 Among the latter was the governor, who, after being 
 sharply reproved by Cadivor for his former insolence, 
 was kept for a while in honourable captivity, and finally 
 
Lloyd of Milford, co. Cardigan, 119 
 
 exchanged for two Welsh princes. The castle was 
 partially dismantled, though it afterwards was rebuilt by 
 the English more strongly than ever. Prince Khys was 
 so pleased by this exploit, that he gave to Cadivor his 
 daughter Katherine in marriage, together with extensive 
 lands in the county of Cardigan ; and granted him a 
 new shield of arms, wherein the castle which he won, 
 the ladders which enabled him to win it, and a bloody 
 Bpear-head, the token of victory, are all depicted. 
 From this Cadivor the Lloyds of Milford are directly 
 descended. 
 
 Arms. — Sable, a spear's head, its point embrued between three 
 scaling ladders, argent, on a chief gules a castle, triple to^^crcd 
 proper. 
 
120 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 BAIED. 
 
 I HESE arms, crest, and motto, all refer to 
 the assistance rendered by an ancestor of 
 the family to William the Lion, during a 
 hunting excursion which he made into the 
 south-western counties. It chanced that the king, in 
 the excitement of the chase, was separated from his at- 
 tendants, and being attacked by a huge wild boar, was 
 placed in a situation of the greatest peril. It may easily 
 be supposed that a man like William, for whom his 
 dauntless courage had gained the surname of the Lion, 
 would not be readily dismayed ; but certain it is that he 
 was forced to call out for assistance, which was soon 
 brought by an attendant of the name of Baird, who had 
 the good fortune to slay the object of William's alarm. 
 For this exploit he not only received a large grant of 
 lands, but also the arms, crest, and motto as given 
 below ; and in fact when we consider the meaning of 
 that motto, which attributes the deliverance wrought for 
 the king to an immediate interposition of Providence, 
 and, as I said before, remember William's fearless cha- 
 racter, we may be sure that the peril from which Baird 
 extricated him was most imminent and pressing. 
 
 Arms. — Gules, a boar passant or. 
 Crest. — A boar's head erased. 
 Motto. — " Dominus fecit." 
 
BAIRD 
 
 MUSGRAVE 
 
Musgrave. 121 
 
 MUSGRAYE. 
 
 ^IIE family of Musgrave is of German origin, 
 ' and they are said to have obtained their 
 . present arms in the following way. Sigis- 
 mund, Grand Duke of Austria, had a 
 daughter distinguished for beauty and accomplishments, 
 whose hand was sought by two of his generals, Mus- 
 grave being one of them. As they were of equal rank 
 and had both rendered him important service, Sigismund 
 was very unwilling to prefer one to the other; but 
 finally, at the suggestion of the lady, who secretly loved 
 Musgrave, and was aware of his great skill with the 
 lance, he decided that the two should run six courses 
 each at the ring — a game then very much in vogue, — 
 and that whichever of them should bear it off tlio 
 greatest number of times should become the husband of 
 his daughter. The candidates accepted these conditions 
 gladly, but when the day of trial came Musgrave showed 
 the lady that her confidence in him had not been mis- 
 placed ; for, with a degree of skill utterly unprecedented, 
 he bore off the ring six times following, to the utter 
 confusion of his opponent, who, however, could not re- 
 pine at the fulfilment of conditions which he had him- 
 self accepted. The Grand Duke accoitlingly gave his 
 daughter to Musgrave, and for arms commemorative 
 of the event — Six annulets or on a field of azure ; with 
 crest, two arms armed proper holding an annulet. 
 
122 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 ALEXANDEK OF CAKNE, Co. WEXFOKD. 
 
 LEXANDER, or Alister, '' de Insulis/' 
 (for the clan Donald had not then assumed 
 the surname of Mac Donald,) Lord of 
 Lochaber, third son of John fourth Lord 
 of the Isles, and the Princess Margaret daughter of 
 Robert 11. king of Scotland, had a son Alexander, 
 called Mac Alister, {i.e. the son of Alexander,) who 
 having obtained in feu from the family of Argyle the 
 lands of Menstries, in the county Clackmannan, dropped 
 the patronymic of Mac Alister, and took for himself and 
 his descendants the surname of Alexander. Their 
 original crest was — ^A bear sejant erect proper, and their 
 motto, " Per mare per terras." 
 
 In process of time, when his descendants became 
 numerous, the family agreed to distinguish the five dif- 
 ferent branches of which it then consisted by each of 
 the junior branches adopting a crest difierent from the 
 original one, and from those adopted by the others ; 
 while the eldest branch, as a matter of course and right, 
 retained the original crest, denoting their headship and 
 seniority. They soon began greatly to pride themselves 
 on their possession of the " Great Bear," as it was 
 called, exulting in this mark of superiority, and thereby 
 exciting to much envy and jealousy the junior branches, 
 
ALEXANDER OF CARNE 
 
 
 1>HK I.AI'DKH H/HT 
 
Alexander of Carne^ co, Wexford. 123 
 
 whose lately adopted crests were looked upon as being 
 differences or diminutions, and to such a length was 
 carried this excessive pride of the eldest branch in their 
 possession of the original family crest, that it afforded a 
 rich subject for the pen of the author of Waverley, who 
 so severely satirizes it in the well-known description of 
 the Baron of Brad warden's worship of his " Great 
 Bear." 
 
 This is the recorded crest of the Earls of Stirling, 
 who were of this branch of the Alexanders. The 
 motto is that of the Mac Donalds of the Isles, from whom 
 the Alexanders are descended, and who were rovers bj 
 sea and land. 
 
 DICK-LAUDER, BART. 
 
 HE defeat of tho forces of David II. of 
 Scotland, at Halidon, in 1333, so reduced 
 (he power of Scotland, that the greater part 
 of those strongholds which lay in the low- 
 lands foil into the hands of tho English invaders ; in- 
 deed, if the statements of tho chroniclers of tho period 
 aro to be believed, only four fortresses remained in tho 
 hands of the rightful owners. Of these, tlio ciistle of 
 Urquhart was one ; for Sir Robert do Laudre, High 
 Justiciary of Scotland, and an ancestor of the present 
 
124 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 family of Lauder, was present at the battle of Halidon, 
 and seeing that the day was lost, retreated with a suffi- 
 cient garrison to the above-named castle, which he 
 defended with so much valour and skill, that Edward's 
 forces found it impossible to take by assault. The time 
 which they were obliged to waste in besieging it regu- 
 larly, allowed the defeated Scots time to rally, and the 
 English, partly owing to a scarcity of provisions, partly 
 to the constant annoyance which they received from the 
 enemy's skirmishers, determined to raise the siege and 
 retire. In order to reward the gallantry and prudence 
 of Laudre, which had led to such important results, the 
 grateful king caused the following crest and motto to 
 be assigned to him and to his heirs for ever. 
 
 Crest. — A tower with portcullis down, and the head and 
 shoulders of a sentinel appearing above the battlements in a 
 watching posture proper, with the motto above, " Turris pruden- 
 tia custos." 
 
Douglas, 
 
 125 
 
 DOUGLAS. 
 
 I HIS house, which is one of the most cele- 
 brated in Europe, is in all probability of 
 Norman origin, although tradition assigns 
 to it a more remote antiquity. It is said 
 that Solvathius, one of those early Scottish kings whose 
 existence is problematical, having been nearly routed by 
 Donald Bene of the Isles, was enabled to restore the 
 battle and gain the victory by the assistance of a 
 stranger chieftain, who came up with his forces. On 
 asking for him after the fight, and enquiring his name, 
 the bystanders pointed out to him one whom they 
 called in their Gaelic speech, " Sholto dhu glas,*' or, 
 " Sholto the black or swarthy-coloured man," and as 
 the king, mistaking these latter words for a family name, 
 constantly applied them to Sholto, they wei*e at last 
 actually converted into a surname. Possibly the savage 
 man cinctured, which forms the dexter supporter of tlie 
 family, may refer to this swarthy-coloured man. 
 
 The ancient coat of the Douglases was, azure, three 
 stars (or mullets) argent ; but their present paternal 
 coat is — Argent, a man's heart gules, ensigned with an 
 imperial crown proper, on a chief azure three stars of 
 the first. The heart and crown were adiied tVoin the 
 following circumstance. Some time before his death, 
 
126 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 King Robert Bruce made a vow to go on a pilgrimage 
 to the Holy Land, but having been continually prevented 
 by the cares of his kingdom and the frequent attacks of 
 the English, and finding himself at last seized by a fatal 
 malady, he called to him the Lord James of Douglas, 
 one of the firmest and oldest of his friends and sup- 
 porters, and said to him, " Thou knowest how that the 
 grave cares of my realm and the malice of my southern 
 enemies have hindered me from journeying to Christ's 
 sepulchre, which of all things I most heartily desired to 
 do. Now, since my time of departure is nigh, and I 
 know that with the eyes of the flesh I never may behold 
 that which I most craved to see, I pray and command 
 thee, as my friend and liegeman, that when I am dead 
 thou take my heart from my bosom, and putting it into 
 a casket, or take such order as shall seem good to thee 
 for its safe keeping, so carry it with thee into Palestine, 
 and there bury it by that blessed tomb to which, when 
 alive, it might not attain." To this dying request of 
 his king and friend Lord James assented, and accord- 
 ingly, when the heart had been embalmed and placed 
 in a casket, set out, attended by a body of trusty knights, 
 for the Holy Land. On his way, however, having been 
 driven on the coast of Spain by stress of weather, he, 
 at the request of the Spaniards, who were then at war 
 with the Moors, went with his comrades to their assist- 
 ance. When the battle was joined, the infidels pressed 
 so hard upon the Christians, that the latter began to 
 give way, upon which Douglas, the more to encourage 
 his little band, who were in the foremost rank, threw the 
 
Douglas, 127 
 
 casket with the heart of Bruce into the midst of the 
 Moors. The Scots charged with redoubled fury in order 
 to rescue their monarch's heart, and Douglas was un- 
 horsed and slain in the melee. The rescued casket 
 was carried to Palestine by some of his surviving com- 
 panions, and his family, to record the charge entrusted 
 to him, and his glorious death while fighting against 
 the unbelievers, assumed the crowned heart as part of 
 their armorial bearings. 
 
 The supporters of the arms of Douglas stand within 
 a pale of wood wreathed for a compartment, which is 
 said to have been taken in memory of a former exploit 
 of the said Lord James while he was only Sir James 
 Douglas. Having heard that a strong body of English 
 were entangled in Jedburgh forest, he went after them 
 with all the forces he could collect, and succeeded, with- 
 out alarming them, in shutting up every approach to the 
 place in which they were encamped so closely with stakes 
 and palisades, that it became impossible for them either 
 to advance or retreat. The story does not inform us 
 whether they were forced to surrender at discretion, or 
 whether they preferred starvation to death at the hands of 
 one so merciless as the good Lord James. The mullets in 
 the more ancient coat of this family most probably refor 
 to those predatory exploits which, by tlio dwellers on 
 both sides of the border, were held to bo not merely 
 profitable, but honourable also. 
 
128 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 BREEETON. 
 
 N most instances where arms or crest have 
 been bestowed upon valiant warriors, it has 
 been in token of approbation of the deeds 
 of prowess which they have exhibited, and 
 in order to excite others to emulate their exploits. But 
 in the case of the Brereton family this rule does not hold 
 good, for that one of their ancestors, who was the last of 
 his race that wore an unmuzzled bear for crest, received 
 a very singular addition to it, as a token not of approba- 
 tion, but of gentle reproof. It happened that in a 
 certain battle, under one of the kings of England, a 
 doughty knight of the Brereton family wishing to gain 
 honour for himself, and being very strong and hardy, 
 thrust himself so far forth into the press of the enemy, 
 that he was well nigh slain ; and many more that ad- 
 ventured themselves over rashly to succour him were 
 either sore wounded or else slain. Yet for all that, 
 Brereton at the last, by liis great might and valour, got 
 the better of his enemies, and utterly discomfited and 
 made them fly. Now all this the king had seen, and 
 though he was right glad to behold how his men had 
 won the victory, and how fiercely the good knight had 
 fought against his enemies, yet did he also perceive that 
 
BRERETON 
 
Brereton, 129 
 
 he had put himself in peril too rashly, and that by 
 keeping an even front and close ranks he would have 
 gained equal profit, and had less loss. Lest, however, 
 by speaking harshly to the young knight, he should 
 damp his courage in the time to come, and so make too 
 cold that which before was too hot, he resolved to rebuke 
 him, but only in a covert way, and in such a manner, 
 that while he glanced at his rashness he also rewarded 
 him for his bravery. *' He bears," said he, " for crest 
 the head of a bear, which is a valiant beast, but often- 
 times over hasty, I will muzzle his bear;" and gave 
 command to the Heralds that the Breretons for the 
 future should carry the bear's head muzzled. 
 
130 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 AUDLEY, 
 Button, Delves, Foulhurst, Hawkestone. 
 
 HE " fret" in the arms of Dutton, and the 
 " fretty " in the arms of Delves, Foulhurst, 
 and Hawkestone, are said to have been 
 gained in the following way. Previously to 
 the great battle of Poictiers, the Lord James Audley 
 vowed that if possible he would be foremost in that fight, 
 and supported by his four brave squires, Dutton, Delves, 
 Foulhurst, and Hawkestone, he knightly kept his word, 
 pressing forward against his enemies, and ever being in 
 the thickest of the melee. Many were the wounds which 
 he received, and many the blows warded off from him 
 by his faithful squires, nor was it until the day was now 
 clearly won by the English, that he was carried back 
 to the camp bleeding and well nigh insensible. When 
 borne into the presence of the Black Prince, Edward 
 took him by the hand and greeted him courteously, 
 bidding him to be of good cheer, for that he had right 
 nobly redeemed his pledge, and had been foremost in 
 the ranks of the enemy ; and as a salve for his wounds 
 gave him lands in England in fee simple to the value 
 of 500 marks a-year. This gift Audley at once divided 
 among his four squires; and when the prince asked 
 him whether he despised the gift, or deemed it insuffi- 
 
4 i ♦ i i 
 
 ♦ ♦,♦..♦ 4 
 
 i i ♦ ♦ ♦> 
 
 FOULHURST 
 
 HAWKE STONE 
 
Audley. 131 
 
 cient, he replied that he was deeply grateful for the 
 Prince's kindness, hut that his own possessions were 
 sufficient for his wants ; while the four squires, hj whose 
 aid alone he had been enabled to do the deeds which 
 he had performed, and to whom he owed his life, stood 
 in far greater need of it than he did. The Prince, re- 
 solved not to be outdone in generosity, presented him 
 with another 500 marks ; and Audley, in order that 
 the valour and merit of his squires might be held in 
 perpetual memory, enjoined them to bear in some part 
 of their coat of arms his own proper achievement — gules 
 a fret or, which those honouiable families have ever 
 since done. 
 
132 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 HAY, EAEL OF EKEOL. 
 
 HE three escutcheons in the arms of this 
 distinguished family — the falcon rising 
 proper, which is the crest; their supporters, 
 two men in rustic habits, each holding an 
 ox-yoke over his shoulder ; and their motto, " Serva 
 jugum," all point to the same historical incident which 
 led to the aggrandisement of the race. It is well known 
 that the Danes, during several centuries, sorely harassed 
 the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland by their incur- 
 sions ; and that the inhabitants had in many instances 
 the greatest difficulty in repelling them. Now it 
 chanced in the reign of Kenneth III. of Scotland, about 
 A. D. 980, that these barbarous invaders came in great 
 force to Perthshire, where they were encountered near 
 Loncarty by the troops of the Scottish king. After a 
 severe contest the Scots gave way, and fled in confusion 
 through a narrow pass, so that all hopes of victory seemed 
 to be lost to them, while the Danes pursued with shouts 
 and cries of triumph. The flight of the runaways was, 
 however, unexpectedly checked by the appearance of an 
 old countryman, attended by his two sons, who bitterly 
 reproached them for their cowardice, and bade them 
 turn and face the enemy. The only weapons possessed 
 by the rustic champions were the yokes belonging to 
 
HAT 
 
 EARL or ERJtOLL 
 
Hay, Earl of Errol. 1 33 
 
 the oxen with which they had been ploughing. Of 
 these, however, they made such effectual use, that they 
 succeeded, not only in rallying the fugitives, but in 
 striking such terror into the Danish warriors that they 
 in their turn began to fly, and the Scots finally obtained 
 a complete victory. Fatigued by the violence of his 
 exertions, and moreover somewhat weakened by the loss 
 of blood from a wound which he had received, the elder 
 of the three herdsmen threw himself on the ground when 
 the fight was over, and being still somewhat breathless, 
 gave no other reply to those who asked his name than, 
 " Hay, Hay," which sound, although it was merely uttered 
 from an inability to speak plainly, they supposed to be 
 his proper name. Accordingly, when brought together 
 with his sons before Kenneth, he was introduced by the 
 name of Hay, which was afterwards adopted by him and 
 his descendants, either because they, like many other 
 persons at that period, had no settled family name, or 
 because they preferred it to their old one on account of 
 the glorious occasion which gave rise to it. The king 
 was not ungrateful for the signal service which these 
 simple peasants had rendered, but rewai'ded them both 
 with substantial gifts and commcmorativo arms ; for, 
 in the first place, he granted in fee to Hay, in the Carso 
 of Gowry, as much of the royal domain as a falcon, wliich 
 then was sitting upon his hand, should fly over befoi*o 
 she alighted, and the bird, as tliough desiring to do her 
 best to reward loyalty and valour, never 8toj>ped in her 
 flight for six miles, when she alighted on a stone which 
 even to the present day is called the Falconstone, and 
 
134 Anecdotes of' Heraldry, 
 
 thus won for the peasant- champion the rich lordship of 
 Errol. In memory of this event, the Errol family have 
 for crest a falcon rising proper, to represent the vigorous 
 hird which won for them so noble an inheritance. And 
 because the father with his two sons had served as de- 
 fences and shields to Scotland, it was ordered that they 
 should bear for arms three escutcheons, and that the 
 supporters of the said arms should be two men clad in 
 rustic attire, and each bearing one of the ox-yokes with 
 which the victory had been gained ; while the motto, 
 *^ Serva jugum," should bid the family ever be mindful 
 of that constancy and valour which enabled their an- 
 cestors to use such humble implements as ox-yokes as 
 a means to deliver their country from its invaders, and 
 to win for themselves wealth and honours. 
 
Heard. 135 
 
 HEARD. 
 
 Die ISAAC HEAED, whotowai-ds the end 
 of the last century was Garter King at 
 Arms, was in early life a midshipman in 
 the Royal Navy, and served on board the 
 Blandford man-of-war. When off the coast of Guinea 
 a furious tornado came on, and Heard, who was stand- 
 ing on the maintopsail yard giving some orders to the 
 seamen, was entangled in the wreck of the mainmast, 
 which went by the board. Of course he was given up 
 by his comrades as lost ; but when they began to cut 
 away the rigging in order to clear the vessel from the 
 wreck, he was found entangled in the cordage and 
 drawn on board unhurt. This marvellous escape made 
 a great impression on his mind, so much so that when, 
 some time afterwards, ho left the naval service and ob- 
 tained the office of Lancaster Herald, ho took caro to 
 obtain a grant of arms, and a motto commemorative of 
 th(^ circumstance. The arms are — Argent, in base a 
 figure representing Neptune with an eastern crown, or; 
 his trident, sable headed gold, issuing from a stormy 
 ocean ; the left hand grasping the head of a ship's mast 
 appearing above the waves, as part of a wreck, pn^por. 
 Ou a chief azure, the arctic polai* stai- of the tirst between 
 
136 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 two water bougets of the second. Crest — A swan with 
 wings elevated azure, beaked and membered sable 
 charged on the breast with a rose gules, barbed and 
 seeded proper ; ducally crowned, collared and chained 
 or. Motto — " Naufragus in portum." The rose on the 
 crest betokens the office of Lancaster Herald, which was 
 held by Mr. Heard. 
 
HAYTKINS 
 
 SCRYMGEOUR 
 
 GROSVENOR 
 
 ARMSTRONG 
 
Grant of that nk, . 137 
 
 GRANT OF THAT ILK. 
 
 IIE crest of the Grant family is a burning 
 hill proper, and it is a representation of 
 Craigelachie, i,e, — "the mountain of the 
 cry of distress/' which was a hill opposite 
 Rothiemurchus, on which, in time of need, beacon fires 
 were lighted to call the clan together. This custom of 
 lighting beacons on hills, in order to summon bodies of 
 men together, was, in old time, of very general employ- 
 ment, and although in some cases (as, for instance, in 
 that of the celebrated line of beacons announcing the 
 destruction of Troy, which is described by -^schylus in 
 his Agamemnon,) their object was merely to convoy in- 
 formation ; yet wo cannot doubt that more often they 
 were employed, as by the Grants, not only to convey 
 messages, or to warn against the approach of an enemy, 
 but also to gather bodies of men speedily together to 
 some well known and recognised point of meeting. 
 
138 
 
 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 HAWKINS OF PLYMOUTH. 
 
 HIS family, which is descended from Sir 
 John Hawkins, the celebrated naval com- 
 mander of the time of Elizabeth, bears for 
 crest — A demi-Moor proper bound with 
 annulets on his arms and ears or; which crest was 
 granted in commemoration of a signal victory gained 
 over Moorish pirates by Sir John Hawkins. 
 
 SCKYMGEOUE. 
 
 N 1107, when Alexander I. ascended 
 the throne of Scotland, a conspiracy was 
 formed against him by some of his chief 
 nobles, who proposed to take his life and 
 to crown another competitor. They accordingly as- 
 sembled their forces, which consisted for the most part 
 of Highlanders, and posted themselves in Invernesshire, 
 not far from the banks of the Spey. Alexander, as 
 might be expected from his character, lost no time in 
 marching against them ; but on approaching the Spey, 
 found that its waters were running furiously in one of 
 
Scrymgeour, 139 
 
 those " spates," or sudden floods, to which that river is 
 so liable. At this unexpected obstacle the royal army 
 stood aghast ; and when Alexander undauntedly com- 
 manded its bearer to advance the royal banner against 
 the enemy, the knight who bore it hesitated to enter 
 the swollen stream. Sir Alexander Carron, a valiant 
 knight who was in attendance on the king, seeing this, 
 exclaimed, " Never shall it be said that the royal ban- 
 ner of Scotland feared to advance against rebels and 
 traitors, were they ten times as numerous as they are ! " 
 Then at once catching the standard out of the bearer's 
 hand, he spurred his horse into the swollen river, crying 
 out — " Now, valiant knights and gentlemen, do your 
 devoir ! Now, brave hearts of Scottish men, follow me, 
 unless you would see the banner of your country trampled 
 down by base traitors ! " By desperate exertions he 
 succeeded in gaining the other bank of the stream, into 
 which he fixed the standard, that it might serve as a 
 rallying point for the rest of the army, who, inspired by 
 his example, came struggling through the stream, each 
 man as best he could. The knight himself in the 
 meantime was not idle, but couching his sponr, overthrew 
 those of the enemy who came forward to oppose him ; 
 and when his spear was broken, drew his sword and foil 
 upon them who now came up in gitjatcr numbers. 
 Being, however, soon supported by his own party, he 
 ere long compelled the rebels to retire, and their retreat 
 was soon converted into a flight. The king, who had 
 watched from the other hank the performances of Sir 
 Alexander with great delight, roceivod him on Lis i*e- 
 
140 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 turn most graciously. " Well/' said he, ^' Sir knight 
 of Carron, hast thou skirmished against my enemies, 
 therefore henceforth thy name shall he Scrymegeour 
 (i.e. hardy fighter) ; and hecause thou hast so holdly 
 advanced my hanner, I create thee and thy descendants 
 for ever, standard-bearers of Scotland; I give thee 
 lands, moreover, to support thy dignity ; and for armorial 
 bearings a part of my royal arms ; and thy motto, 
 * Dissipate,' shall serve for a perpetual memory that 
 by thee the forces of the enemy were scattered." 
 
 GEOSVENOE. 
 
 HE Grosvenors were originally hereditary 
 " Gros Veneurs,'' or Grand Huntsmen, to 
 the Dukes of Normandy ; and the talbot 
 which they bear for crest is (like the cups of 
 the Butlers, the pheons of the Fletchers, and the sword of 
 the Dymokes) a badge and token of their office, which 
 in those days, when field-sports or ^^ venerie" were 
 held in such great estimation, was one of distinguished 
 honour. 
 
Armstrong of Gallen Priory, 141 
 
 AKMSTEONG OF GALLEN PKIORY. 
 
 RADITION affirms the original surname 
 was Fairbailru, and that it was changed 
 to Armstrong on the following occasion. 
 The founder of this family was a strong 
 and valiant warrior named Fairbairn, who held the post 
 of attendant and armour-bearer to one of the earlier 
 kings of Scotland. Now it chanced that in a battle or 
 skirmish this king, fighting fiercely against his enemies, 
 had his horse suddenly killed under him, so that he fell 
 to the earth, and was in jeopardy of being either slain 
 or taken. Fairbairn, seeing his danger, thrust into 
 the midst of the foes, and dismounting speedily from 
 his own steed, raised up the king by dint of sheer 
 strength and placed him in the saddle. 
 
 Tn memory of the manner in which he effected this 
 (which was by grasping the sovereign's leg and so 
 lifting him), the grateful king enjoined tlmt for the 
 future he should be called Armstrong instead of F'air- 
 bairn, and assigned him for crest — An armed hand 
 and arm, in the hand a leg and foot in armour, couped 
 at the thigh, all proper ; thus pointing both by name 
 and (Mvst to the extraordinary strength which had en- 
 abled his follower, at so critical a junctura, to render a 
 service so important. 
 
142 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 BE VEEE. 
 
 CCOEDING to Leland, a battle was 
 fought A. D. 1098, near Antioch, in Syria, 
 between the Christian troops and those 
 of Corborant, Admiral (^. e. " emir ul 
 amerah,'' or noble of nobles, an eastern dignity,) to the 
 Soudan (i. e. Soldan or Sultan) of Percea (^. e. Persia), 
 in which the Christians were victorious. During the 
 eagerness of the pursuit night came on — the sudden dark 
 night of the East — and the Christians, many of them 
 utterly ignorant of the country, were in danger of be- 
 coming dispersed, and of wandering too far from the city, 
 when they would have fallen an easy prey to the greatly 
 superior numbers of the enemy. But God, willing the 
 safety of the Christian host, was pleased to show to 
 them, when they were as yet only about four miles from 
 Antioch, a white star (or mullet of five points), which 
 to every man's sight did light and rest upon the standard 
 of Albry de Vere, there shining excessively. By fol- 
 lowing the guidance of this star the army was enabled 
 to gain the city ; and all men said that Albry de Vere 
 was a holy man, and one beloved of God. In remem- 
 brance of the Divine favour thus marvellously shown 
 him, De Vere placed the silver star as the solitary 
 
T>E VERB. 
 
 s:eaton. 
 
 ST AW LEY. 
 
 HAWKINS. 
 
 KYWASTOH 
 
Seaton, 
 
 143 
 
 bearing on his shield ; and after spending the vigour of 
 his manhood in combating against the enemies of his 
 faith, assumed in his old age the cowl, and entirely de- 
 voted himself to the service of his Maker. From him 
 the De Vere's, Earls of Oxford, were descended. 
 
 Arms. — Quarterly, gules and or, in the first quarter a mullet 
 argent. 
 
 SEATON. 
 
 OBERT I. of Scotland was sorely pressed 
 by the English under Edward I., and sus- 
 tained many serious and apparently irre- 
 trievable defeats. Among the many noble- 
 minded men who, in spite of failures and reverses, in spite 
 of the threats and promises of Edward, and undeterred 
 by the dreadful cruelties which that prince inflicted on 
 their captive comrades, dared to stand up for the rights 
 of Scotland and to support the cause of her elected king, 
 Sir Christopher Seaton held a foremost place. After 
 shanng in many of the dangers of his sovereign, and 
 distinguishing his courage by many desperate actions, 
 Sir (Uiristopher, aided by a body of gallant men, had 
 the good fortune at the battle or skirmish fought at 
 Melvin, near Perth, a. d. 130(), to rescue Bruce when 
 ho was actually a prisoner in the hands of tho English ; 
 by rendering this service, he undoubteilly saved tlio 
 
144 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 monarch's life ; for, beyond all question, the English 
 captors would either have put him to death on the spot, 
 or, if led captive to Edward, that remorseless monarch 
 would have sentenced him to suffer the same shameful 
 and agonizing traitor's doom which so many other 
 brave Scottish hearts had already undergone. 
 
 In gratitude for the aid so seasonably rendered, King 
 Kobert gave his sister, the Lady Christiana Bruce, in 
 marriage to Seaton ; and granted him an augmentation 
 to his arms, which (with the augmentation) are — Party 
 per pale gules and azure, the first charged with a sword 
 in pale proper supporting an imperial crown ; the se- 
 cond charged with a star of twelve points, all within a 
 double tressure flory counter flory or. 
 
 STANLEY. 
 
 I HE very remarkable crest of this family is 
 said to have been originally borne by the 
 family of Lathom,co. Lancaster, the heiress 
 of which, Isabel, daughter of Sir Thomas 
 Lathom of Lathom and Knowsley, married Sir John 
 Stanley, K.G., Lord Deputy of Ireland. One version 
 of the story attached to it asserts, that a head of the 
 Lathom family, wishing either to conceal the birth, or 
 get rid of the encumbrance of an illegitimate son that 
 
Stanley. 145 
 
 had been born to him, caused it to be placed in the nest 
 of an eagle which was built in Terlestowe wood, not far 
 from his castle. The eagle, more merciful than the 
 man, instead of tearing the child to pieces, as the un- 
 natural parent had hoped and expected, fed it as if it 
 had been one of its own young ones, and thus preserved 
 it alive. The father was so deeply moved by this silent 
 reproof, conveyed by one of the boldest and fiercest of 
 creatures, that he caused the child to be brought up, 
 and carefully educated, and finally made him his heir. 
 
 The great improbability of this story has caused the 
 legend to be varied in many ways, and I accordingly 
 subjoin the following version, which at least carries with 
 it a greater appearance of truthfulness. 
 
 " The eagle and child is the crest of Derby, and owes 
 its origin to the following circumstance. Sir Thomas 
 Lathom, who lived in the reign of Edward III., had by 
 his wife only one child, a daughter named Isabel, who 
 was married to Sir John Stanley ; but ho had an ille- 
 gitimate son by a Mary Oskatcl, which ho directed to 
 be laid sccn^tly at the foot of a tree on which an eaglo 
 had built her nest, and pretended to have accidentally 
 discovered the infant ; ho pereuaded his lady to ado|>t 
 it, and at the same time assumed for his crest an eagle 
 looking backwards, as for something she had lost or 
 was taken from her. The child, who was afterwards 
 known by the title of Sir Oskatcl Lathom, was long 
 considered heir to the estate ; but Sir Thomas, shortly 
 before his death, revealed tlic fraud, and left the bulk 
 i« 
 
146 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 of his property to his legitimate daughter, Lady Stanley, 
 whose descendants altered the Lathom crest of an eagle 
 regardant, to an eagle triumphing over and preying 
 upon a child." — Bubke. 
 
 HAWKINS, Co. KENT. 
 
 HHE arms of this family, which are, argent, 
 on a saltire sable five fleur-de-lis or, were 
 probably assumed under the following cir- 
 cumstances. When King John of France 
 was taken at the battle of Poictiers, and detained a 
 prisoner in England, the King of Navarre, availing 
 himself of his absence, declared war against France ; 
 and, being aided by many knights, squires, and men-at- 
 arms, whom he gained over to him by the great pay and 
 bounty which he gave them, took many strong places 
 and castles, and among others that of Mauconseil. 
 This place he entrusted to the keeping of an Irish 
 knight and two English esquhes, Franklyn and Haw- 
 kins, who had assisted at its capture. In memory of 
 this, the Hawkins family took for their arms a saltire, 
 which represents one of the scaling-ladders by the help 
 of which the castle was taken, while the fleur-de-lis 
 betoken those which were on the captured ensign of 
 France. 
 
Kynaston, 147 
 
 KYNASTON. 
 
 HE arms of this family are, quarterly, first 
 and fourth, ermine a chevron gules, the 
 arms of Audley. Second and tliird, argent 
 a lion rampant sable, the device of the 
 sovereigns of Powis. The arms 0/ Audley are said to 
 have been assumed by the Kynastons from the following 
 circumstance. In the year 1459, on the twenty-second 
 of September, a desperate battle was fought at Blore- 
 heath, near Drayton in Shropsliire, between the Yorkist 
 supporters of Edward, Earl of March, under the com- 
 mand of Lord Salisbury, and the Lancastrians, under 
 the Lord Audley. At this fight, a valiant squire, 
 Roger Kynaston, was present on the part of tlic Yorkists, 
 mounted on his charger, and, according to family tra- 
 dition, had the good fortune to slay the Lancastrian 
 commander during the conflict. Nor is this by any 
 means improbable, for wo find that two years after the 
 battle, when the Earl of March ascended the throne 
 under the title of Edward IV"., ho knighted Roger 
 Kynaston, and moreover assigned him the confiscated 
 arms of Audley as an honourable addition to liis own ; 
 which latter distinction was usually granted only to one 
 who had actually slain the man whoso arms he assumed. 
 
148 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 CKOMWELL. 
 
 ICHARD WILLIAMS, alias Cromwell, 
 esquire, (to whom Eamsaj Abbey was 
 partly given, partly sold), was one of the 
 five who, in the thirty-second year of 
 Henry VIII., made the bold challenge at justs to all 
 comers that would, in France, Flanders, Scotland, and 
 Spain. Here it was expected that some of our Knights- 
 Hospitallers (whose House, by Act of Parliament, was 
 dissolved but a month before), should appear valiantly 
 in their vindication, if conceiving any injustice offered 
 unto them. But they kept themselves close, probably 
 not so much for fear of all the challengers, as of one of 
 the spectators, namely, King Henry himself; as sure, 
 if conquerors, of the king's anger and others envy ; if 
 worsted, of their own disgrace. Besides, by the laws 
 of their Order, they were not to tilt against Christians, 
 but only to spend their spears against pagans and in- 
 fidels. Lastly, the challenge seemed only confined to 
 foreigners. 
 
 " This Richard Williams, alias Cromwell, came into 
 the place an esquire, but departed a knight, dubbed 
 by the king for his valour, clearly carrying away the 
 
Cromwell. 149 
 
 credit ; overthrowing Mr. Palmer* in the field at justs 
 one day, and the next serving Mr. Culpepper at bar- 
 riers in the same manner. Hereupon, there goeth 
 a tradition in the family, that king Henry, highly 
 pleased with his prowess, ' Formerly,' said he, ' thou 
 wast my Dick, but hereafter shalt be my Diamond,' and 
 thereat let fall his diamond ring unto him. In avow- 
 ance whereof, these Cromwells have ever since given 
 for their crest a lion holding a diamond ring in his 
 fore-paw^ — Fuller's Church History, vol. ii., p. 295. 
 
 • Stow, in the reign of Henry VIII^ p. 580. 
 
150 
 
 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 POWNALL OF POWNALL, Co. CHESTER. 
 
 LTHOUGH (says Brooke) from the seat 
 of their property in Cheshire, the Pownalls 
 were denominated according to the true 
 British orthography of the name, and 
 were styled after the Norman custom ' de Pownall,' yet 
 they were at the same time styled in the records, written 
 in Norman, Paiinel, Payanell, and Paynel, and in those 
 written in Latin, Paganell. It appears on the register 
 that they repeatedly held the high office of Chamher- 
 layne to the kings, as Earls of Chester, in the 10th of 
 Edward II., in the 1st, 5th, and 10th of Edward III., 
 on which account, in allusion to their office and their 
 name, they hore for a crest a lion's paw, holding a 
 golden key." 
 
 CARMICHAEL. 
 
 HE crest of this family, a cuhit arm in ar- 
 mour holding a hroken tilting-spear, refers 
 to the exploit performed by Sir John Car- 
 michael, who accompanied Archibald, Earl 
 of Douglas, with a hand of Scottish troops, to the assist- 
 
r O W N A 1. L 
 
 CARMICHAEI. 
 
Carmichael. 151 
 
 ance of Charles VI. of France ; and at the Battle of 
 Beauge, a.d. 1421, dismounted the Duke of Clarence, 
 brother of King Henry V., who commanded the Eng- 
 lish forces, and thereby contributed greatly to their 
 defeat. He received as an augmentation to his pater- 
 nal coat the above crest, having broken his spear in the 
 action. 
 
 The honour of this achievement, however, is also 
 claimed by the Swintons of Swinton-Bank, co. 
 Peebles, who assert that their ancestor, Sir Johu 
 Swinton of that Ilk, not only dismounted the Duke, 
 but slew him by a severe wound in the face, having 
 recognized him by a jewelled coronet which he wore on 
 his helmet. To this latter opinion Sir Walter Scott 
 seems to incline, when he says, — 
 
 " Then Swinton placed the lance in rest 
 That humbled erst the sparkling crest 
 Of Clarence's Plantagenet." 
 
 Lay of the Latt Minstrel. 
 
152 
 
 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 AJSrSTEUTHEE. 
 
 NE of this ancient race, finding tliat an an- 
 tagonist with whom he had fixed a friendly 
 meeting, was determined to take the op- 
 portunity of assassinating him, prevented 
 the hazard by dashing out his brains with a battle-axe. 
 Two sturdy arms brandishing such a weapon form the 
 usual crest of the family, with the motto, ^ Periissem ni 
 per-iisem ' (I had died, unless I had gone through with 
 it)." — Sm Walter Scott. 
 
 MIGNON. 
 
 HIS family, although of English origin, 
 were settled for many years in France, 
 and owe to circumstances connected with 
 that country their name, their crest, and 
 motto. The original name of the Mignons, while they 
 dwelt in England, was More ; and Sir William de la 
 More distinguished himself at Creci, and was dubbed 
 banneret at Poictiers. Certain of his descendants 
 having entered the service of Louis XI. of France, at 
 the time that prince was assailed by Charles of Eur- 
 
ANSTRUTHER 
 
Mignon. 153 
 
 gundy, and having joined his guard of archers, so pleased 
 him by their cheerful and gallant appearance, that he 
 remarked — " Ce ne sont pas 1^ des Mores, mais des 
 Mignons." Bad as the joke was, it was a royal one, 
 and the Mores accordingly became Mignons in com- 
 pliment to the king. 
 
 Again — a Mignon commanded Henry of Navarre's 
 artillery at the battle of Coutras in Guienne, and to him 
 that prince was chiefly indebted for his victory, in gra- 
 titude for which he sent him the baton of a marshal of 
 France, the highest honour which could at that time be 
 paid to a Protestant. To commemorate this gift, the 
 family crest is, " a gauntlet holding a baton all proper.'' 
 Finally, this family, which ever held staunchly to the 
 Protestant faith, was forced to leave France on the re- 
 vocation of the edict of Nantes, and now, in token of 
 its unflinching adherence to the true faith, advises 
 others to do as it has done, saying to them, " Tions ta 
 
154 
 
 Anecdotes of Heraldry^ 
 
 TKAFFOED. 
 
 HE ancestor of this family who, at the time 
 of the Conquest, had an estate in Lan-' 
 cashire, disguised himself as a thresher to 
 escape the Norman soldiers ; and as in 
 threshing he crossed the staff of his flail to the right or 
 left, exclaimed, " Now thus." To commemorate this 
 event, his descendants assumed this expression for their 
 motto, placing it above their crest, viz. : — A husband- 
 man per pale argent and azure threshing a garb or. 
 
 This family also bears for motto, under the shield, 
 " Gripe Griffon, hold fast," which is addressed to the 
 Griffon segreant in the arms, who, in the ancient form 
 of these arms, (as given in Gregson's " Testa de Ne- 
 vil"), is represented as griping or holding fast in the 
 fore-paws a heater-shaped shield charged with an eagle 
 displayed. 
 
T&i.FFO&D 
 
H OWISON 
 
Howison. 
 
 155 
 
 HOWISON. 
 
 HE supporters of the arms of the famil}' of 
 Howison, now represented by Howison- 
 Craufurd of Craufurdland, co. Ayr, and 
 of Braehead, co. Midlothian, are two hus- 
 bandmen ; over the shoulder of the dexter, a flail pro- 
 per ; the sinister holding a basin and napkin, both 
 clothed in blue, and bonnets on their heads, girt round 
 with belts all proper, being the dress of the fourteenth 
 century ; and were granted for the following service 
 rendered to James I. of Scotland : — When that monarch 
 was hunting near Cramond Bridge, he by some chance 
 was separated from his attendants, and was attacked by 
 several men who, either attracted by the richness of his 
 attire, or having quarrelled with him by accident, sought 
 to kill him. Although dismounted and overmatched, 
 James defended himself desperately against his cow- 
 ardly assailants, and, being an excellent swordsman, 
 succeeded for a while in keeping them at bay ; but, at 
 length, exhausted by the violent exertion, was on the 
 point of being ovei-powcrcd, when assistance reached 
 hin\ from an unexpected quarter. A farmer of the 
 name of llowison, who with his son was at work in a 
 barn near the spot, hearing the clash of swords and tho 
 fierce exclamations of tho combatants, came out to soo 
 
156 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 what was the matter. On perceiving one man gallantly 
 defending himself against several, he considered it his 
 duty to help the weaker party; and his son having 
 come up to his assistance, they forthwith fell upon the 
 robbers with their flails. Already disheartened by the 
 stubborn opposition which they had met with from a 
 single man, the assailants at once fled from these new 
 allies, so that the king and the rustics remained mas- 
 ters of the field. Although unacquainted with the per- 
 son of James, Howison, struck with the dignity and 
 grace of his manners, and probably judging from his 
 apparel that he was a man of distinction, caused his son 
 at once to bring a basin and towel, by help of which 
 the stranger cleansed his hands and person from the 
 tokens of the affray. He then made himself known to 
 them ; and, after heartily thanking them for the great 
 service they had rendered him, granted them the lands 
 of Braehead, to be held by them in fee for ever. This 
 grant was afterwards confirmed by charter, and the te- 
 nure by which the said lands were to be held was, that 
 their proprietor should serve the king when he dis- 
 mounted from his horse with a basin and towel to 
 wash his hands. 
 
 This service was rendered to George TV. according 
 to the conditions of the tenure at the banquet given by 
 the magistrates of Edinburgh in 1822. 
 
The Chequers, 
 
 157 
 
 KOBmSON. 
 
 HE paternal arms of this family were — 
 vert, a buck trippant within an orle of tre- 
 foils slipped or ; but Charles II., after his 
 restoration, granted to Sir John Kobin- 
 son, Knt., Alderman of London, and Lieutenant of the 
 Tower, an augmentation in reward for the services ren- 
 dered by him in promoting that important event. The 
 augmented coat is — " quarterly crenelle, first and fourth, 
 gules, on a tower argent, a lion of England, 
 
 THE CHEQUERS. 
 
 IIK custom of painting ** Chequers^* upon 
 the doorposts of inns is said to liavo its 
 orioiii from the fact that the WaiTcns, Earls 
 of Surrey, who had the grant of licensing 
 public-houses, ordered that their anns, which woro 
 " chequy or and azuiH?,** should be attached to such 
 houses, in order to facilitate the collection of the duties 
 and dues payable by the innkeeper for his licence, *tc. 
 
158 
 
 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 O'NEILL. 
 
 HIS powerful Irish family traces its descent 
 in a direct line from the Milesian kings, 
 and bears in its arms a sinister hand 
 couped and erect gules. This bearing is 
 accounted for in the following way. When the ances- 
 tor of the family was preparing, in company with several 
 other adventurers, to make a descent upon the coast of 
 Ulster, it was unanimously decided that whoever touched 
 the land first should be esteemed chief of the territory. 
 O'Neill, finding that, instead of succeeding in getting 
 before his competitors in the race for dignity which 
 ensued, he was on the contrary losing ground, drew his 
 sword, and, lopping off his left hand, threw it on shore 
 as far as he was able. In this way he touched the 
 earth first with his hand and won the sovereign power. 
 The hand was ever afterwards retained in the arms of 
 the Province of Ulster ; and when King James I. cre- 
 ated the Order of Baronets, pai-tly with a view to the 
 colonization of that province, the hand gules was deemed 
 a suitable badge to distinguish them, and they still con- 
 tinue to employ it. The water with a salmon therein 
 naiant, is in allusion to the famous fisheries of Lough 
 Neagh and the river Blackwater. 
 
VALCOT 
 
 TORRANCE 
 
Walcot of Salop. 
 
 159 
 
 WALCOT OF SALOP. 
 
 NE of the quarterings of this family is 
 argent a chevron sable between three 
 chess-rooks of the second ; and is thus 
 accounted for in an old family pedigree : 
 — '* John Walcot, playing at the chesse with Henry 
 the fift, kinge of England, he gave the checke matte 
 with the rouke, wherepon the kinge changed his coate 
 of armes, which was the crosse with flower de lures, and 
 gave him the rouke for a remembrance." 
 
 This is one of the many instances in which an appa- 
 rently trivial occurrence caused an alteration to bo 
 made to a family bearing ; and we may learn from it 
 that when we find that an addition or an entire change 
 has been made in a coat for which wo cannot account, 
 we need not seek out for its origin in some extraordi- 
 nary exploit or important event ; but rather satisfy our- 
 selves with the reflection, that unless, as in the present 
 case, they are accounted for by the family tradition, it 
 is a useless and deceptive tusk to attempt to inyent 
 k'gends which may explain them. 
 
160 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 CUNNINGHAM. 
 
 CCOEDING to the tradition of this family, 
 it dates its principal accession of fortune 
 from the days of Malcolm Canmore, King 
 of Scotland. When that prince was flying 
 from the emissaries of the usurper Macbeth, who, having 
 murdered his father Duncan, sought to kill him also, 
 he was so hotly pressed, that he was obliged to take 
 refuge in the barn of Malcolm, the son of Friskin, the 
 ancestor of the Cunninghams, who, on being informed 
 by the prince of his danger, bade him at once place 
 himself under some straw which lay in the barn, and to 
 which he commenced making additions from another 
 heap with a pitching fork, continually calling out to the 
 companion who assisted him in his labour, " Over, fork 
 over.'' To the pursuers, who asked whether he had 
 seen anything of the prince, he replied in the nega- 
 tive. At a later period, when Malcolm Canmore had 
 overcome and slain Macbeth, the grateful prince be- 
 stowed on his preserver the thanedom of Cunninghame, 
 with permission to take the name of Cunningham, and 
 to assume for arms a shakefork, with the motto, *^ Over, 
 fork over." 
 
Torrance. 161 
 
 TOEEANCE. 
 
 T is well known how hard Eobert Bruce 
 was pressed by the English, until the 
 death of his terrible foe Edward I., and 
 the accession of the imbecile Edward of 
 Caernarvon, aflforded him an opportunity of rallying his 
 adherents, and of entering upon that career of success, 
 which resulted in the crowning victory at Bannockburn. 
 But previously to this, while wandering with a few fol- 
 lowers as a hunted fugitive, in the islands and western 
 portion of Scotland, he on one occasion was pursued so 
 closely, that he would most inevitably have been killed 
 or taken, had it not been for the timely aid afforded 
 him by two men of the name of Torrance ; who, by 
 rowing him in their boat over a firth or arm of the sea, 
 enabled him to escape the search of his enemies. The 
 allusion to this service is obvious, both in the arms and 
 motto. 
 
 Arms. — Per pale gules and or, two boats' oars in sal tiro 
 azure. 
 
 Motto. — " I saved the King." 
 
162 Anecdotes of Heraldry. 
 
 KEMEYS-TYNTE OF HALSEWELL. 
 
 ilUEING the Crusade of Elchard Cceur- 
 de-Lion, a young knight of the name of 
 Arundel was present at the terrible battle 
 of Ascalon, which was fought a.d. 1192. 
 Clad in white armour, as became a maiden knight, with 
 no device upon his shield or crest upon his helmet, and 
 mounted upon a white charger, he rushed into the 
 thickest squadrons of the infidels, and there enacted 
 such prodigies of valour, that, after the fight was over, 
 the Lion King declared that the maiden knight had 
 borne himself as a lion, and had done as much as six 
 Croises or Cnisaders. Therefore he gave him for arms 
 a lion argent (to denote the colour of the harness in 
 which he fought), upon a field gules (to commemorate 
 the infidel gore with which he had dyed the field), be- 
 tween six crosslets of the first (which point to the six 
 Croises spoken of), and for motto, " Tynctus cruore 
 Saraceno,'' to show that when the fight was over, the 
 argent of his armour was altered by the blood of liis 
 opponents into gules. 
 
Va 
 
 163 
 
 VANE. 
 
 HE crest and arms of the families of Vane 
 and Fane were gained at the battle of 
 Poictiers (19th Sept., 1356), by Sir Henry 
 Vane, a gallant soldier in the martial 
 reign of King Edward III., and who shared in the 
 glory, and had the good fortune to participate personally 
 in securing the person of John, King of France. It is 
 /•ecorded by Froissart that the king defended himself 
 with great valour, and that there was a gi-eat press to 
 take him, and such as knew him cried out, ** Yield 
 you, or you arc dead." Sir Denyce Morbecke, a knight 
 of Arthoys, retained in wages with the king of Eng- 
 land, happened to be next the king, when they wore 
 about to take him, and said in good French, ** Yield 
 you ;" and tho king replied, " I yield me to you ;'* — 
 every man enforced him to say, ♦* I have taken him ;*' 
 but, being foix^ed from that captain, several knigbtn and 
 esquires claimed the honour of taking the royal pri- 
 soner, — amongst them, the pretensions of Sir Roger 
 de la Warre and Sir John Pelham have always been 
 acknowledged tlie strongest- Sir J^oger do la Warre 
 had, in commemoration of so valiant an exploit, tlie 
 crampet or chape of the captive king's sword, and Sir 
 John Pclhum had the buckle of the belt as a memento 
 
164 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 of the same achievement, while, in token of his cap- 
 tivity, the monarch pulled off his gauntlet and gave it to 
 Vane, who, as was customary in those times, adopted 
 the gauntlet as his cognizance, viz. ; — 
 
 Arms. — Azure, three sinister gauntlets, two and one, or. 
 Crest. — A dexter gauntlet, erect, holding a sword, all proper, 
 pommel and hilt, or. 
 
 Motto. — Nee temere, nee timide. 
 
 Sir Henry Yane, who was knighted for his valiant 
 deeds at that hattle, remained for several years in the 
 French wars, and married Grace, daughter and heiress 
 of Sir Stephen de la Leke, Knight, a Frenchman, 
 whose arms are quartered hy Sir Henry's descendants. 
 
GALTNTE Y 
 
 HATMAN 
 
 S H OVE L 
 
 TROWB RIDGE 
 
 CITT OF LOrrDOTf 
 
Galwey. 165 
 
 GALWEY. 
 
 OHN de Burgo, younger brother of Ulick 
 de Burgo, ancestor of the Marquis of 
 Clanrickarde, having accredited the bills 
 of the citizens of Galway, was commonly 
 known by the name of John of Galwey, and for his 
 signal services in defending Ball's Bridge, Limerick, 
 against the great force of O'Brien, of Desmond, in 
 1361, received the honour of knighthood from Lionel, 
 Duke of Clarence, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, by 
 the name of Sir John de Galwey, with permission to 
 him and his heirs to carry in his arms the representation 
 of Ball's Bridge and the date 13G1, under the same, 
 for ever. 
 
 Sir John, from his constant attachment to the crown 
 in those troubled times, atid the services in the province 
 of Connaught, and in the counties of Clare, liimorick, 
 Cork, and Kerry, became so obnoxious to the disaffected, 
 that they accused him of many crimes before Edwonl 
 TIL, who cittnl him to appear before him, when ho 
 manifested his innocence so clearly, that tlie king 
 granted him many confiscated lands, confirmed him in 
 his title and privileges conferred by the Duke of Claivnce, 
 gave him for motto ** Vincit Veritas," and for anus, (in 
 addition to his ])atenial coat,) viz. — ** or, on a ciX)S3 
 gules, five mullotii of the Held.'* 
 
166 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 CITY OF LONDON. 
 
 I HE arms of the City of London are, — 
 Argent, a cross gnles, in the dexter chief 
 quarter, a dagger, erect, of the second. 
 The dagger was added hj Richard II., in 
 commemoration of the distinguished service rendered 
 him by the then Lord Mayor, Sir William Walworth, 
 in slaying with his own hand the rebel Tyler. 
 
 Fuller, in his " Church History,'' vol. i., p. 454, says : 
 — '^ No sooner was Wat Tyler, their general, as I may 
 term him, killed by valiant Walworth, the Lord Mayor 
 of London, and his assistants, (for it was John Caven- 
 dish, Esq.,* that dispatched him with a mortal wound,) 
 in Smithfield; and Jack Straw, their lieutenant-general, 
 legally beheaded,t (too brave a death for so base a fel- 
 low,) but all the rest mouldered away, and vanished. 
 
 In memory of Sir William Walworth's valour, the 
 arms of London, formerly a plain cross, were augmented 
 with the addition of a dagger, to make the coat in all 
 points complete. Happy, when the cross (as first there 
 in place) directeth the dagger, and when the dagger 
 defendeth the cross; when religion sanctifieth power, 
 and power supporteth religion." 
 
 * Weaver's " Funeral Monuments," page 693, 
 f Stow's " Survey of London," page 55. 
 
City of London, 167 
 
 Beneath the statue of Sir William Walworth, in 
 Fishmonger's Hall, is the inscription : — 
 
 " Brave Walworth, knight, lord- mayor, y* slew 
 
 Rebellious Tyler in his alarmes ; 
 The king, therefore, did give in liew 
 The dagger to the City armes. 
 
 In the 4^'' year of Richard II. Anno Domini 1381." 
 
 " The dagger was in the City Arms long before the 
 time of Sir William Walworth, and was intended to 
 represent the sword of St. Paul, the patron saint of the 
 corporation. Among other proofs are the bosses in the 
 eastern crypt of the Guildhall, which bear the arms of 
 London with the dagger ; which part of the crypt was 
 built antecedent to the reign of Richard II., or pro- 
 bably formed part of the ancient Guildhall, erected, 
 as some suppose, in 1119." — Times* Curiosities of 
 History. 
 
 Wliether Timbs is correct or not I do not pretend to 
 say, but it has always been thought that the earliest 
 instance which exists of the use of ai-morial bearings in 
 this country is the tomb of (icotfrey iMjintk'viilo, Karl 
 of EsHcx, in the Tem})lo Church, who died in 11 48. 
 And the earliest coat of arma on a building in England 
 is the one in Bigod's Tower at Norwich, which is haid 
 to be of the early part of the twelfth century. 
 
168 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 N concluding this little collection of anec- 
 dotes I would remark that the student of 
 heraldry will sometimes he at a loss to 
 decide whether, — firstly, a hearing has 
 been assumed on account of a name; or, secondly, 
 a name on account of a hearing ; or, thirdly, whether 
 both one and the other have been taken from the ori- 
 ginal place of habitation or mode of life of him who first 
 employed them. Yet, perhaps, the two following rules 
 will enable us, in a very large number of instances, to 
 perceive whether we ought to refer a given name and 
 bearing to the first or second of the above-mentioned 
 classes. 
 
 I. Where the bearings in any coat of arms do not 
 point to any specific deed of valour or policy, while 
 they do allude to the name, either punningly or other- 
 wise, it is obvious that a play upon the name can be the 
 only object aimed at by them ; and that therefore they 
 are later in date than such name. Of such bearings 
 the number is very great, and it will be sufficient to 
 produce the following examples : — 
 
 Hunter. Bears three dogs of chase. 
 Bell. A bell. 
 
Conclusion. 169 
 
 Aquila. An eagle. 
 
 Towers, A tower. 
 
 Yates. Three yates. 
 
 Anvil. An anvil. 
 
 Tbeherne. Three herns. 
 
 Ferriob. Horse shoes. 
 
 Arblasteb. a cross-bow. 
 
 Colt. Three colts. 
 
 Trappe. Three caltraps. 
 
 Falcon. Falcons. 
 
 Labke. a lark. 
 
 Miller. A mill-rind. 
 
 Oakes. An oak-tree. 
 
 Eam. Three rams' heads. 
 
 Lamb and Lambton. Both bear lambs. 
 
 AspiNE. An aspen leaf. 
 
 Pabtbidqe. Partridges. 
 
 Mbtcalf. Calves. 
 
 Key. Keys. 
 
 KocHE. Roaches. 
 
 SwiNBOBNE. Throo boars* heads. 
 
 MoBE. Negroes' or Moors* heads. 
 
 Sicklemobe. Three sickles and wheatslicaf. 
 
 Cannon. A cannon. 
 
 Palmeb. Palmers' staves. 
 
 Delves. Three delves. 
 
 Fbasieb. Three frasiors ; etc., <fec., <tc. 
 
 II. Wliero the bearings liavo a specific reference to 
 some such action as I described above ; or when the 
 
170 Anecdotes of Heraldry^ 
 
 name, and some one other of the bearings have so close 
 and mutual relation, that each is absolutely necessary 
 to the proper understanding of the other ; then we may 
 conclude that the name was derived from the bearing, 
 or that name and bearing grew up together. For ex- 
 ample, a knight named William, who was usually 
 called "Le Fort," on account of his great personal 
 strength, carried a shield before the Conqueror at 
 Hastings, and was several times the means of saving 
 his life. After the battle, William, in remembrance of 
 his services, promised his follower a grant of lands, and 
 saying emphatically to him, " Forte scutum, salus du- 
 cum," assigned to him a coat of arms, and a shield for 
 crest. From that time Sir William, in remembrance 
 of his leader's words, and in allusion to his crest, took 
 the name of Fortescue. So, too, the gallant Fairbairn, 
 when he rescued his king, whose horse had been slain 
 in the melee, and placed him by sheer strength upon 
 his own charger, had assigned him for crest, in token 
 of his vigour and address, an arm embowed grasping a 
 leg couped at the thigh ; and, in consequence of this, 
 changed his name to Armstrong ; and Robertson, who 
 slew the wolf with his skean or dagger, no sooner was 
 granted a coat charged with that weapon, than he 
 dropped his former name, and called himself Skene. 
 Again, it is difficult to understand the name of Planta- 
 genet without the badge, or the badge without the 
 name. How the haughty descendants of Matilda and 
 the Count of Anjou could choose a broom plant for 
 their badge would have seemed strange, had they not 
 
Conclusion. 171 
 
 assumed the name of the plant as well, and thus de- 
 clared clearly, what, had they contented themselves with 
 the badge only, or the name only, would in all proba- 
 bility have ever remained doubtful, namely that the 
 proudest family in Europe desired to be* distinguished 
 for humility, whose very emblem and name they adopted 
 for their own. Examples resembling this last might be 
 adduced in great numbers, but I shall content myself 
 with a single one. The family of Scudamore originally 
 bore — or, a cross patee fitchee gules, and their motto 
 was " Scuto amoris divini." Now it will be evident at 
 once that the motto is nothing more than a version of 
 the surname with the epithet " divini '^ added to it, 
 while the cross pat^e fitchde gules in a field or, seems 
 to allude to some labours, or, perhaps, a pilgrimage 
 performed for Christ's sake ; and when we consider the 
 compound character of the name itself wo may be jus- 
 tified in supposing that arms, name, and motto were all 
 assumed at once ; and that they all point to some glo- 
 rious action, now forgotten, where the favour of Gml to 
 his faithful Knight was very clearly maiiifeatod. The 
 arms of Lockhart, ITay, Tripp, Tyrwhitt, ttc, all be- 
 long to this class, as will bo easily Been by an inspec- 
 tion of the anecdotes attached to the several names of 
 these families. 
 
 The third olofls of bearings and names now remains 
 to bo considtM'od, nnmoly, those which have boon taken 
 from the original place of habitation or mode of life of 
 him who first employed them ; and this class is, as 
 might be expected from its very character, l)oth inferior 
 
172 Anecdotes of Heraldri/. 
 
 in number ; and more difficult to trace than the two 
 preceding ones. For if we select as an instance the 
 name of Hurst, although it is very probable that the 
 first bearer of the name may have lived near a hurst or 
 wood, and thence taken his name as well as armorial 
 bearings ; yet, on account of the great number of such 
 woods, the term acquires a sort of vagueness ; for there 
 may have been many men who lived near hursts, took 
 the name independently of each other ; or there may have 
 been many Hursts descended from one man who, because 
 of the name, inserted a wood in their heraldic bearings, 
 though they never lived near one at all. It is only, in 
 fact, with respect to compound names that we are justi- 
 fied in saying that a family name is derived from that of 
 a locality, for then the very composition in a manner 
 defines the place ; and if the natural characteristics of 
 that place be mentioned in it, proof is at once afforded 
 that the family name is posterior to the local term. 
 
 Thus, for instance, the arms of the family of Ernie, 
 CO. Sussex are — argent on a bend sable, three eagles 
 displayed or ; and they have a reference to the family 
 name, which is taken from a village so called from 
 the Saxon " erne,", an eagle, and " leye," a place or 
 habitation. Now, from the peculiar situation of this 
 village, the propriety of the term "eagles' place" as 
 applied to it is obvious, and there can be no reason- 
 able doubt that the Ernie family, being at first called 
 Wilham, John, or whatever the name might be, de 
 Ernleigh gradually dropped the " de," and took the 
 local appellation for their surname. 
 
Conclusion. 173 
 
 Of the same kind are the names and arms of Trow- 
 hridge and Stourton ; of whom the former takes his ap- 
 pellation from the parish of Trowhridge, where his ances- 
 tors formerly resided, and which is so denominated from 
 its river and hridge which are borne in the arms of the 
 family. The latter borrows both his family name and 
 arms from the river Stour, which rises from six foun- 
 tains at Stourton, co. Wilts. To these fountains allu- 
 sion is made in the arms, which are sable a bend or 
 between six fountains proper. 
 
 Of names derived from office and modes of life, those 
 of Butler, Forester, and Fletcher are instances; of 
 whom the first bear three covered cups, the emblem of 
 the honourable office formerly held by the family ; the 
 second have bugle horns as foresters ; while the Flet- 
 chers, whose name foiinerly denoted an arrow-maker, 
 and whose office, like that of Butler, was one of impor- 
 tance, bear pheons or broad arrow-heads, to denote the 
 occupation of their ancestor. Of course, there are many 
 other metliods in which names may bo classified, but 
 the above system will be found to embrace the greater 
 number of names and bearings. 
 
 One more observation I would make, more especially 
 with respect to modern coats of anna, which I have for 
 the most part purposely omittetl. In a very gi*eat num- 
 ber of instances these coats are not so much heraldic 
 emblenis suggestive of exploits ]>erforine(l by bini wbo 
 bears them, tis landscapes or plans descriptive of the 
 scenes of those exploits, with words and names, «. e. 
 with descriptive lettcr-pixiss to identify and illustrate 
 
174 Anecdotes of Heraldry, 
 
 them. Witness the augmentations to the family arms 
 of the first Lord Nelson, whose splendid naval achieve- 
 ments transcend all praise, and deserve the acknow- 
 ledgment of every country under the British crown. 
 The bend in the family coat is charged with another 
 bend, and thereon three bombs, over all on a fesse 
 wavy azure, the word " Trafalgar" in gold letters ; on 
 a chief undulated, argent, the waves of the sea, from 
 which a palm-tree issuant, between a disabled ship on 
 the dexter, and a ruined battery on the sinister, all 
 proper. 
 
 In the augmentation to Lord Gough's arms, is a 
 representation of the east wall of the fortress of Tarifa ; 
 the badge of the Spanish order of Charles III., and 
 the words China, India. 
 
 In the arms of Wiltshire is a Beelochee soldier 
 mounted on a bay horse, and a representation of the 
 fortress of Khelat. 
 
 In the arms of Keane is a representation of the Ca- 
 bool gate of the fortress of Ghuznee ; and in the arms 
 of Hamilton of Woodbrook, baronet — ** On a chief of 
 honourable augmentation, argent, a mount, thereon a 
 castle, a Spanish flag flowing from the battlements, all 
 proper, beneath inscribed, ' Alba de Tormes.' " 
 
 Now, although coats of this kind serve very suffi- 
 ciently, (especially where the individual who is examin- 
 ing them possesses a good gazetteer,) to point out the 
 places and occasions on which the}^ were won ; yet are 
 they entirely deficient in that symbolical and poetical 
 character which distinguishes the devices of earlier 
 
Conclusion* 175 
 
 heraldry, and which is one of the chief causes of the 
 interest attaching to the science. 
 
 That this modern system was adopted without neces- 
 sity may he shown without much difficulty, and, in order 
 to do so, I will adduce a comparatively modern coat, 
 which tells its own tale not less clearly than those which 
 are filled with forts and ships and ruins ; written across 
 with names ; and charged with medals, homb-shells, (fee. 
 
 The gallant Sir Cloudesley Shovel distinguished him- 
 self greatly at sea, and in especial defeated the French in 
 one, and the Turks in two general engagements. For 
 these services he received, at the command of William 
 III., a grant of arms blazoned — " gules, a chevron 
 ermine between two crescents in chief argent, and a 
 fleur-de-lis in base or. Crest — out of a naval coronet 
 or a demi-lion gules, holding a sail argent charged with 
 an anchor sable." 
 
 Now any one, on seeing this coat and crest, would 
 judge from the latter that tlie person to whom it was 
 granted was a sailor, renowned for skill and bravery ; 
 while from the crescents and fleur-de-lis on the red 
 field he would gather that such skill and daring had 
 been successfully exerted against the Turks and French, 
 which nations are typified by those emblems. 
 
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