ilj ^tintrr. 
 
 92, 
 nan Road, 
 HANGfA' 
 
 •JOHN^"fRYER' 
 CHINESE- LIBRARY 
 
A 
 
 PRONOUNCING AND DEFINING 
 
 DICTIONAKY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE SWATOW DIALECT, 
 
 AEEANGED ACCORDING TO SYLLABLES AND TONES. 
 
 \ 4'«^*v 
 
 BY 
 
 A. M. FIELDE, 
 
 OF THE AMERICAN BAPTIST MIS8I0H AT SWATOW. 
 
   • » 
 
 SHANGHAI : 
 
 1883. 
 

 lOli W P B YC H 
 - CHIN S SE L IB R A RY 
 TO 
 THOSE WHO ARE TO COME 
 
 IMIO THa 
 
 AMEEICAN BAPTIST MISSION AT 8WAT0W 
 
 AS BKABERS OP THE GOSPEL OP CHRIST TO THE TIE-CHIU PEOPLE 
 
 THIS BOOK 18 AFFECTIONATELY INSCRIBED. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The compilation of this Dictionary, which contains 5442 words, has occupied 
 four years, in connection with much other work. Thanks are due from the 
 author to many who have incidentally assisted her in the making of this book, 
 especially to Dr. S. Wells Williams, whose far greater labors have helped her to 
 such knowledge as she has of the Chinese language ; to Dr. Wm. Ashmore, whose 
 acquaintance with the Swatow vernacular has made his advice valuable to her ; 
 to those who at diflferent times and places have cared for her during severe 
 illness ; to those who have furnished the funds for the publication of her work ; 
 and to Dr. and Mrs. M. T. Yates, of Shanghai, whose home has been hers during 
 the year of putting the book through the press. 
 
 A. M. FIELDE. 
 Shanghai, March, 1883. 
 
 '±±22^^ 
 
} vj. 
 
 V-Jf.. -» i. 
 
 :f<i-i-Q " 
 
 5 O'M 1. 
 
 ■-i)^.' 
 
INTRODTJCTION. 
 
 TONES. 
 EvKRT Chinese word has a tone inseparable from its pronunciation. In the Chaa-cliau-fu 
 vernacular there are eight distinct tones, which can be acquired only from a living teacher. 
 Many Chinese teachers know no names for the tones, and different teachers place them in different 
 orders. The following order is perhaps mostnsual. 
 
 2p± 
 
 cie° phe", upper even. 
 cie° siang, upper high, 
 cie" khu, upper going, 
 cie" jip, upper entering. 
 
 ±T 
 XT 
 
 e phe", lower even, 
 e Biang, lower high, 
 e khu, lower going, 
 e jlp, lower entering. 
 
 These names do not express the relative sounds of the tones but appear to be purely arbitrary. 
 Words in the entering tones always end in the sound of h, k, p, or t. Syllables ending iu 
 a vowel add an aspirate in the entering tone, while those ending in n change the n to t, 
 those ending in ng change the ug to k, and those ending in ra change the m to p. The same 
 syllable ia seldom found in all the eight tones. The tones may be represented to the eye as follows; 
 
 CHINESE 
 TONAL MAKES. 
 
 TONAI, MABK9 
 IN THIS BOOK. 
 
 CHINESE 
 TONAL MARKS. 
 
 TONAL MASKS 
 IN THIS BOOK. 
 
 n 
 
 D 
 Q 
 
 / 
 
 n 
 u 
 
 x^ 
 
INTEODDCTIOS. 
 
 EXERCISES IN THE TONES. 
 
 
 sih 
 
 s > - 
 
 / 
 
 
 till 
 
 ti 
 
 ti 
 
 
 til) 
 
 77 '^ 
 
 t6 
 
 
 t6li 
 
 </!>> 
 
 1^ 
 
 hun 
 
 hUQ 
 
 hua 
 hut 
 hdn 
 ban 
 
 /^' hnn 
 
 <^I5 
 
 pang 
 pang 
 
 pang 
 
 ^* pang 
 
 pfik 
 
 m' "" 
 
 H JL hang 
 
 uaug 
 lang 
 bak 
 bang 
 bSng 
 bang 
 buk 
 
 ifc-ll. 
 
 <>^* 
 
 
 
 tang 
 
 tang 
 
 tang 
 
 tak 
 
 tang 
 
 tang 
 
 tang 
 
 tuk 
 
 <|WJ 
 
 PJa, « 
 
 6b 
 
 *^ 
 
 S 
 
 M 
 
 ut 
 
 ut 
 
 w *'"■ Jt 
 
 lam 
 
 lap 
 
 I p^3S| lam 
 QJ^ iam 
 
 iam 
 
 1^5 "P 
 
 'tJ 
 
 bam 
 Iiam 
 bjira 
 
 1 '^Dv bam 
 
 bJlm 
 
 bam 
 
 Pi' 
 
 <itj» 
 
 Sim 
 
 ^ili^ Him 
 
 4^^ sirn 
 sip 
 
lNTR0DtJCTI01». 
 
 ROMAN LETTERS. 
 
 The sounds of Chinese words cannot all be exactly represented by Roman letters, used as in 
 English. In this book the Roman letter whose sound in English approximates the Chinese 
 sound, is taken as the symbol of that sound, and the exact pronunciation must be learned from a 
 Chinese teacher. 
 
 The vowels when followed by consonants ai'e much shortened, especially when followed by 
 h, k, p, and t. 
 
 The aspirate does not coalesce with a consonant preceding it, but is always sounded 
 independently. 
 
 The sounds of p, k, and t when not followed by the aspirate are so repressed as to I'esemble 
 those of b, g, and d. 
 
 Of the consonants, all occur as initials but only h, k, ra, n, ng, p and t as finals. ° at the 
 end of word indicates that the vowels of the word are sounded nasally. 
 
 In all cases the pronunciation of Chinese words should be learned through the ear and from 
 a native teacher, and the Romanized words should be relied on only as a help to the memory 
 in learning. 
 
 The pronunciation of the same word varies greatly in the different districts of Tie-Ciu, the 
 Department whose chief port is Swatow. Each village and hamlet has modes of speech peculiar 
 to itself, and many words that are in common use among the people of one locality, are unknown 
 to those in another. The pronunciation given in this Dictionary is that of Chau-chau-fu, the 
 Departmental City, 
 
 The figui'es under the syllable refer to the page on which the same Chinese character may 
 be found in Williams' Syllabic Dictionary, which, has been largely used in the preparation of 
 this one, and from which the definitions here given are mainly derived. The upper figure on 
 the right hand is the number of the radical under which the character stands in Khang Hi's 
 dictionaiy, and the lower figure indicates the number of strokes beside the radical. 
 
 Probably not more than half of the words used by Swatow people are contained in this 
 Dictionary, but it is believed that all that are here given are in common use. 
 
 THE CHINESE CHARACTERS. 
 
 It is thought that the Chinese character given, is the one oftenest used in writing the word 
 defined, but it is not always the only character which might be used in the same meaning, and 
 in some sentences another character would be preferable where a similar idea ia to be conveyed. 
 As the Swatow vernacular is an unwritten tongue, and as the written language is different 
 from any tongue spoken in China, the student of the language must not make the mistake of 
 supposing that the Chinese characters representing the separate words would make a correctly 
 written sentence if set down in the order of the Romanized words . 
 
 Where words of two syllables are given, these syllables are always found in the same com- 
 bination, and the characters used in writing this dissyllable are placed beside it. In many cases 
 one of the two syllables of a word is found in other combinations, and in such case only the 
 character which is not elsewhere repeated is given. 
 
IV 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 1 
 
 
 9 
 
 XL 
 
 a 
 w 
 
 g 
 h 
 
 J 
 k 
 1 
 
 P 
 
 B 
 t 
 
 c 
 
 SOUNDS OP THE LETTERS. 
 Vowels. 
 
 a as 
 
 aw 
 
 00 
 
 €U 
 
 xn 
 
 far, 
 
 they, 
 
 machine, 
 
 no, 
 
 fawn, 
 
 tool, 
 
 murder, 
 
 US ' 
 
 
 m 
 
 one, 
 bar, 
 
 gay. 
 
 hat, 
 
 jam, 
 
 kick, 
 
 lad, 
 
 mat, 
 
 nun, 
 
 pop, 
 
 80, 
 
 tilt, 
 
 sing, 
 chair. 
 
 
 7ti "° 
 
 Consonanis. 
 
 hfl 
 
 j^ •» 
 j(i. 
 
 a 
 ^ 
 tt 
 
 Jk 
 
 na 
 pa 
 so 
 t6 
 
 A 
 
 ng 
 cf 
 
 i9^ 
 
 2 '- 
 
 li 
 po 
 h<5 
 un 
 
 8WD 
 bf 
 
 go 
 ah 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 *i> 
 
 ak 
 
 lu 
 am 
 
 in 
 
 pu 
 
 sim 
 
 ut 
 
 lang 
 
 ^^ cun 
 
 ap 
 
 ek 
 
 ^ toh 
 
 ^ biit 
 
 tUi\ 
 
 un 
 
 bwn 
 
 ^ b^h 
 
 tham 
 
 ]6ng 
 kek 
 
 H m&k 
 ■^T ngan 
 
 ceng 
 
 This last is a sound between ch in chair and ts in fits. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 EXERCISE IN THE ASPIRATES. 
 
 Not Aspirated. Aspirated. 
 
 kak 
 
 yj^ kang 
 
 kaa 
 
 ki 
 
 kam 
 
 keng 
 
 kai 
 
 ko 
 
 Not Nasal. 
 
 n 
 
 ua 
 
 
 m 
 
 cia 
 
 kh 
 
 che° 
 
 f^ khak 
 J la 
 
 yP. khang 
 
 n khau 
 
 dil kin 
 
 >^> 
 
 11 
 
 kham 
 kheng 
 khui 
 kho 
 
 Not Aspirated. Aspirated. 
 y\\ chut 
 
 pf] Chang 
 ^>H chong 
 
 
 cut 
 
 cang 
 
 conjj 
 
 cm 
 
 ^ cu 
 
 CO 
 
 ^ chia 
 
 cho 
 
 ceng 
 tak 
 
 cheng 
 thak 
 
 tab 
 
 
 Not Aspirated. Aspirated, 
 tun A-^ than 
 J^ thah 
 )^ tlmg 
 
 ^J phaog 
 ^ phi 
 
 pang 
 ^ pi 
 
 pot 
 
 m 
 
 EXERCISE IN NASAL SOUNDS. 
 
 Nasal. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ua 
 
 ce 
 
 ^ ci'a- 
 
 IB chiia" 
 
 Not Nasal, 
 tio 
 
 Pi 
 
 pi 
 pua 
 
 Yj^ sa 
 ;[^ sua 
 
 ^ 
 
 Nasal, 
 tie" 
 
 Pi 
 
 ^11-^ pua 
 
 :^ sa" 
 
 sua 
 
 NASAL AND ASPIRATED. 
 
 khie" 
 2p. phe" 
 plua" 
 
 phua" 
 thia" 
 thiia" 
 kbua" 
 
 
 9:£ 
 
 ch6i" 
 
 chfa° 
 
 ffi "" 
 
 a pi"" 
 
 Not nasal. 
 
 16 
 
 ke 
 cie 
 pe 
 
 hue 
 
 thi" 
 the" 
 che" 
 khi" 
 
 
 Nasal. 
 -^ ia" 
 ^ ie" 
 
 ^ ■^^- 
 
 ^ cie 
 
 pe" 
 hfie" 
 
 thdi" 
 •^(^ choi" 
 
 III pboi' 
 thia' 
 
VI 
 
 INTRODUCTIOK. 
 
 TONES IN COMBINATION. 
 Separate words, and all words separately pronounced, retain their primary tone • but the less 
 emphatic words in groups of two or more somtstimes change their tones. 
 
 The cie°-phe" persists, as in 
 
 W ^ kia'.sia', the capital. 
 
 m 
 
 ** 
 
 7^ 3v^ io-cia°, fairies. 
 
 "j Qm ngio-kfa", kittens. 
 
 ^J ^f ua"-uo, to solace. 
 
 JgH ]^ cheng-khih, clean. 
 
 c6-kong, ancestors. 
 
 kd-ca, olden times. 
 
 -^ ^ P<?*P"o> precious. 
 
 ^ ff^ kfn-kip, urgent. 
 
 ^ ^ tin-tang, the centre. 
 
 W^ hi-cha", to frolic. 
 
 TA 'uk khue-khiie, speedily. 
 
 ff^ 1^ cien-kab, armor. 
 
 wT 8^ tliih-teng, nails. 
 
 ft ^J khak-kh6, to persevere. 
 
 ^^ yj chiet-io, important. 
 
 m m khek-khek, crooked. 
 
 ^S ^ si-ceng, a clock. 
 
 J9^ 4^ bue-p6, dried plums. 
 
 ^ ^ te-kwn, tea-pots. 
 
 ^ »^ lo-khak, sea-shells. 
 
 r* e-chnn, next spring. 
 
 #^ 
 
 
 
 pe-b(5, parents, 
 cue-kue, offenses, 
 ciie-ak, wicked. 
 
 ti-hng, a place, 
 ti-pp, aldermen. 
 pe"-ceng, disease, 
 toa-pit, coarse hand. 
 
 thak-cu, to read. 
 
 tiet-fing, a niece. 
 
 gauh-khi, musical instruments 
 
 lak-thiok, animals. 
 
 S^ 46 sie-liu, to help. 
 
 PH Wi iu-bun, sorrowful. 
 
 ^ ^ i-h6k, garments. 
 The cle"-slang changes, as in 
 
 IH VC cfm-thau, a pillow. 
 
 ^ ^ kuai-clang, a staff. 
 
 J^ W!, cua-Ie, a kite. 
 
 S5 ^ f u-hOk, to entice. 
 The cle"-khu chantjea, as in 
 
 Sk. ^ phau-th^i, a fort. 
 
 ^p Hg km-ce", secretly. 
 
 "^ 1^ c\u-me", to revile. 
 
 yj ^ khi-lAk, energy. 
 The cie"-j!p changes, as in 
 
 ^ ^^ siap-si, shortly. 
 
 ^P ?^ ah-iing, duck's eggs. 
 
 W '^ poh-mug, to cavil. 
 
 jjL 13! siet-lip, to institute. 
 The 5-ph6° changes, as in 
 
 PSI P^ au-leng, the throat. 
 
 39|. ^ khi-i, marvelous. 
 
 "^J Tw 16ng-lai, astute. 
 
 1^ ^ gu-nek, beef. 
 The e-siang changes, as in 
 
 yv "TC tai-jin, a grandee. 
 
 "M !S ^-pi, to prepare. 
 
 ^ ^ i-ie°, queer. 
 
 j§ ^ p5u-DgIak, cruel. 
 The e-khu persists, as in 
 
 WL ^ i'-pua", writing-tray. 
 
 7m ^p" su-bu, business. 
 
 f^ f^ mang-mang, slowly. 
 
 fg| ^ lau-jiet, bustle. 
 The e-jip changes, as in 
 
 ^ H m^k-bai, eyebrow. 
 
 ^r H p6h-tiu, grass-cloth. 
 
 ^ ^ ciah-png, eat rice. 
 k{lt-kut, smooth. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 vu 
 
 The number of 
 found in Williams' 
 
 ^ I 
 
 3 ^ 
 
 « J 
 
 THE RADICALS. — JI-W. 
 the radical, the radical, its contracted form, the page on which it may be 
 Dictionary, its name, its common designation, and its meaning. 
 
 it. ... c6k; c6khfte''iieh. 
 
 « A < 
 
 ^ X 
 
 ^ A 
 
 4 >— > 
 
 « }" 
 
 20 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 . 1095 
 
 .. 494... 
 
 .. 87 ... 
 
 .. 686... 
 
 .. 1096 
 
 .. 447... 
 
 .. 721... 
 
 .. 876... 
 
 ,. 286... 
 
 .. 286... 
 
 .. 299... 
 
 .. 647... 
 
 .. 422... 
 
 .. 696... 
 
 .. 698... 
 
 .. 337... 
 
 .. 315... 
 865... 
 
 ... 536... 
 
 ... 663... 
 
 ... 674... 
 
 ... 133... 
 
 kiin.... cek tit tieh. . . . 
 
 ciS. ... cek tfam. 
 
 phiet. c§k phuah. ... 
 
 it. ... kah it k^i it. 
 
 khiet. c^k tit kioh. 
 
 ju. ... ji ; no ; no hue" ueh. 
 
 than. c€k txam cSk hue"ueh 
 
 jin. . . . n&ng ; khia n^ng. 
 
 jin. ... khek kha nang. . . . 
 
 iip. ... JiP 
 
 pak. ... poih 
 
 kheng. t^ng ji khak. 
 
 mek.... khap-bo bo c^k tiam 
 
 pang. pia° ; no ti'am cui. 
 
 kf. ... kichngk^iki. ... 
 
 kham. sua" ji bo tit ueh. 
 
 tan. ... to; cieh to. ... .. 
 
 lek. ... lak 
 
 pan. ... ciak jl bo tiam. .. 
 
 pf. ... pi thiang k^i pi., 
 
 huang. chie" ji khak. 
 
 One ; a horizontal line. 
 
 A perpendicular stroke. 
 
 A dot. 
 
 A stroke to the left. 
 
 Bent. 
 
 A barb. 
 
 Two. 
 
 A dot and a dash. 
 
 Man. 
 
 Man. 
 
 To enter. 
 
 Eight. 
 
 A limit. 
 
 To cover. 
 
 Icy. 
 
 A bench. 
 
 A receptacle. 
 
 A knife. 
 
 Strength. 
 
 To wrap. 
 
 A ladle. 
 
 A basket. 
 
riii 
 
 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 
 23 
 
 ■c 
 
 . 180... . 
 
 . hf. .. 
 
 . phit jl kbak 
 
 ... A coffer. 
 
 24 
 
 + 
 
 . 768... . 
 
 . Bip. .. 
 
 . cap 
 
 ... Ten. 
 
 25 
 
 h 
 
 . 717... . 
 
 . pbok. 
 
 pbok 
 
 ... To divine. 
 
 26 
 
 P H 
 
 . 975... . 
 
 . ciet... 
 
 . cak ; toa° gu bl'. . . . 
 
 ... A signet. 
 
 27 
 
 r 
 
 . 166... . 
 
 . bkng. 
 
 cSk (ieb cek pbuab. 
 
 ... A cliff. 
 
 28 
 
 M 
 
 . 836 
 
 • 6U. .. 
 
 . 816 B^ m6ng. 
 
 ... Selfisb. 
 
 29 
 
 X   
 
 . 1114 
 
 . la. .. 
 
 . lu 
 
 . . . Moreover. 
 
 
 
 
 THK-EBJ STItOKES. 
 
 
 30 
 
 p 
 
 . 331... . 
 
 . kban. 
 
 kap khaa 
 
 ... An aperture. 
 
 31 
 
 p 
 
 . 1048 
 
 . ai. .. 
 
 . tOa kap kban. ... 
 
 ... An iuclosnre. 
 
 32 
 
 +. 
 
 . S20... . 
 
 . tliu... 
 
 . tbd 
 
 ... Eartb. 
 
 33 
 
 -h 
 
 . 762... . 
 
 . sO. .. 
 
 . Bfi 
 
 ... A scbolar. 
 
 34 
 
 X 
 
 . 56 ... . 
 
 . a .. 
 
 . sfe 8ia bun 
 
 ... To follow. 
 
 35 
 
 ^ 
 
 . 826... . 
 
 . Bui. .. 
 
 . be ji e 
 
 ... To walk slowly 
 
 36 
 
 >$; 
 
 .. 804... . 
 
 . sek... 
 
 . cio sek kai Bek. ... 
 
 ... Evening. 
 
 37 
 
 :k 
 
 . 839... . 
 
 . tai. .. 
 
 . toa 
 
 ... Large. 
 
 38 
 
 ^ 
 
 .. 641... . 
 
 . ni. .. 
 
   nng 
 
 ... Woman. 
 
 39 
 
 =^ 
 
 . 1030 
 
 • cu. .. 
 
 . kia" 
 
 ... Cbild. 
 
 40 
 
 m 
 
 .. 594... . 
 
 . mien. 
 
 kbap-bd 
 
 ... A roof. 
 
 41 
 
 if 
 
 .. 1021 
 
 . chun. 
 
 cbun 
 
 ... An incb. 
 
 42 
 
 <I> 
 
 .. 795... . 
 
 .. sio. .. 
 
 . soi. 
 
 ... Small. 
 
 43 
 
 :fe:£:fi: 
 
 J. 1043 
 
 .. nang. 
 
 cbin-cbie" So ji bo ti 
 
 im. Distorted. 
 
 44 
 
 J^ 
 
 • 757... . 
 
 .. si. .. 
 
 . bo jl bo cek tiara. 
 
 ... A corpse. 
 
 45 
 
 4* 
 
 • 42 ... . 
 
 .. thiet. 
 
 toa° poi" cbau. ... 
 
 ... A sprout. 
 
 46 
 
 III 
 
 .. 733... . 
 
 .. sang. 
 
 sua" 
 
 ... A bill. 
 
 47 
 
 «^ ;ii ({ 
 
 119... . 
 
 .. chwn 
 
 kbek kba cbwn. . . . 
 
 ... A stream. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 48 
 
 r. 
 
 . 460 ... 
 
 ... kong... 
 
 . kaiig; c6 kang k^i kang 
 
 . Work. 
 
 49 
 
 d 
 
 337 ... 
 
 ... kf. .. 
 
 . cQ-kf kaikf 
 
 Self. 
 
 50 
 
 rli 
 
 , 397 ... 
 
 ... kun. .. 
 
 . kun ; cbfa kun kd.i kun. 
 
 A napkin. 
 
 51 
 
 ^ 
 
 , 309 ... 
 
 ... kang. 
 
 tbien kang kai kang. 
 
 To oppose. 
 
 62 
 
 i; 
 
 1075 
 
 ... io. ... 
 
 . io-mo° ka,i io 
 
 Minute. 
 
 63 
 
 r 
 
 , 1087 
 
 ... fam. .., 
 
 fc^k tiam cek ueb") 
 (cek phuah j 
 
 A sbelter. 
 
 64 
 
 ^ 
 
 1102 
 
 ... fa. .., 
 
 . cbin-cbie" CO CUD. 
 
 To move on. 
 
 65 
 
 if 
 
 463... 
 
 ... kfong. 
 
 cbin-chle" ji-cap. 
 
 Hands joined. 
 
 66 
 
 -^ 
 
 1094 
 
 ... €k. ... 
 
 . tie" gk k&i ek 
 
 A darfc. 
 
 57 
 
 4 
 
 461 ... 
 
 ... kiong. 
 
 keng 
 
 A bow. 
 
 68 
 
 H M. 
 
 339 ... 
 
 ... ci. 
 
 , lui jl thS.u 
 
 A bog's bead. 
 
 69 
 
 ^ 
 
 734 ... 
 
 ... sang..., 
 
 , sa" pbuah 
 
 Pelage. 
 
 60 
 
 ^ 
 
 73 ... 
 
 ... chok. 
 
 sang kbia nang 
 
 Sbort steps. 
 
 
 i^ 'V *h 
 
 
 S'o-xjrs. 
 
 , STE-OICES. 
 
 
 61 
 
 806 ... 
 
 ... sitn. ... 
 
 pho tbui sim 
 
 The beart. 
 
 62 
 
 ^ 
 
 489 ... 
 
 ... kl.o. ... 
 
 kbo 
 
 A spear. 
 
 63 
 
 P 
 
 225 ... 
 
 ... bu. ... 
 
 bo; nii5^-bo kM bo. 
 
 A door. 
 
 64 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 754 ... 
 
 ... sj'a. ... 
 
 cbfa 
 
 Hands. 
 
 65 
 
 % 
 
 54 ... 
 
 .. ci". ... 
 
 ci" 
 
 A branch. 
 
 66 
 
 ^^ 
 
 718 ... 
 
 ... phok. 
 
 bwu bun 
 
 To throb. 
 
 Q7 
 
 X 
 
 1041 
 
 ... bun, ... 
 
 bun 
 
 Literature. 
 
 68 
 
 4 
 
 874 ... 
 
 ... taa. ... 
 
 tau 
 
 A peck. 
 
 69 
 
 /r 
 
 397 ... 
 
 ... tun. ... 
 
 kun ni'e kai kun 
 
 The Chinese pound 
 
 70 
 
 1j 
 
 132 ... 
 
 ... buaug. 
 
 bug; ti-bug kai bng. ... 
 
 A region. 
 
 71 
 
 it % 
 
 339 ... 
 
 ... bu. ... 
 
 bo; ko iria bo 
 
 Deslitate. 
 
 72 
 
 P 
 
 293 ... 
 
 ... jit. ... 
 
 jit 
 
 The sun. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 - R 
 
 .. 1130 
 
 .. iet. ... 
 
 wt 
 
 ... Said. 
 
 - M 
 
 .. 1129 
 
 .. iet. ... 
 
 giieb 
 
 ... The moon. 
 
 '' 7{C 
 
 .. 607... 
 
 .. iB6k. 
 
 bak 
 
 ... Timber. 
 
 '' X 
 
 .. 391... 
 
 ,, klium 
 
 kbiam 
 
 ... To lack. 
 
 " ih 
 
 .. 50 ... 
 
 .. cf. ... 
 
 c<5-ci kai cf 
 
 ... To stop. 
 
 "' ^ 
 
 .. 844... 
 .. 776... 
 
 .. tiii. ... 
 .. sft. ... 
 
 bd tai k&i iiii. 
 
 8ft 
 
 ... Vicious. 
 ... Weapons. 
 
 80 ^ 
 
 .. 1060 
 
 .. bu. ... 
 
 bd ; chin-chie' b<5 ji. 
 
 ... Do not. 
 
 '' ib 
 
 .. 674... 
 
 .. pf. ... 
 
 p^jti k&i pf 
 
 ... To compare. 
 
 '' ^ 
 
 .. 680... 
 
 .. m&u". 
 
 mo' 
 
 ... Hair. 
 
 '' S^ 
 
 .. 763... 
 
 .. sfl. ... 
 
 8l 
 
 Surnaraes. 
 
 «^ % 
 
 .. 348... 
 
 .. kbV ... 
 
 kbi ji tbaa 
 
 ... Breatb. 
 
 86 ^ iUi 
 
 • 781... 
 
 r 
 
 .. 265... 
 
 .. siii. ... 
 
 ciii ; sa* ti&va ciii.... 
 hue; s\ tfam biie. ... 
 
 ... Water. 
 ... Fire. 
 
 '' ft ^ 
 
 .. 34 ... 
 
 .. iio. ... 
 
 3^0 
 
 ... Claws. 
 
 88 '^ 
 
 .. 147... . 
 
 .. ba. ... 
 
 P« 
 
 ... Father. 
 
 '' 3t 
 
 .. 192... . 
 
 .. ngau. 
 
 ngfta 
 
 ... Blending. 
 
 - ^ 
 
 .. 115... 
 
 .. cbiang 
 
 cbng jl p6i" 
 
 ... A couch. 
 
 - >t 
 
 .. 690... 
 
 .. pbien. 
 
 pbien 
 
 ... A flake. 
 
 93 i(^ ^ . 
 
 .. 1066 
 .. 638... 
 .. 462... 
 
 .. g!a. .. 
 
 .. ngiu... 
 .. kbien. 
 
 ge 
 
 gu 
 
 p6i° kau 
 
 ... Tusks. 
 ... An ox. 
 ... A dog. 
 
 »= :^ 
 
 .. 231 ... 
 
 I'lVE STItOICES. 
 
 .. bien,... bien 
 
 ... Somber. 
 
 96 -K -1^ 
 
 .. 1138 
 
 .. ngiok. 
 
 g^k 
 
 ... Precious stone 
 
 " J^ 
 
 .. 466... 
 
 .. kua. .. 
 
 kue ... 
 
 ... Melons. 
 

 
 
 IKTRODUCTION. 
 
 
 98 X 
 
 
 1036 
 
 ... Tia. ... 
 
 hia 
 
 . Tiles. 
 
 90 ^ 
 
 
 310... 
 
 ... kara. 
 
 kara 
 
 . Agreeable. 
 
 100 /^t .. 
 
 
 742 ... 
 
 ... seng. 
 
 se" 
 
 . To produce. 
 
 m j^ 
 
 
 1149 
 
 ... long. 
 
 eng 
 
 . To use. 
 
 102 i^y 
 
 
 898... 
 
 ... thien. 
 
 cliang 
 
 . Afield. 
 
 103 jE 
 
 
 695... 
 
 ... pliit... 
 
 p6 pliit kai pliit... 
 
 . A roll of cloth 
 
 404 ^ 
 
 
 636... 
 
 ... cit. ... 
 
 pe" ji khak 
 
 ,. Disease. 
 
 105 7^ .. 
 
 
 708... 
 
 ... pwfc... 
 
 kui ji tb&u 
 
 .. Back to back. 
 
 106 ^ .. 
 
 
 706... 
 
 ... pok... 
 
 peh. .1 
 
 . White. 
 
 107 IJ^ .. 
 
 
 679... 
 
 ... phi.... 
 
 pliue 
 
 . Skin ; bark. 
 
 i°« M 
 
 
 601 ... 
 
 ... meng. 
 
 meug 
 
 . Dishes. 
 
 109 ^ 
 
 M 
 
 607... 
 
 ... mok. 
 
 ruak 
 
 . Ejes. 
 
 110 yf> ... 
 
 
 587... 
 
 ... rnaa" 
 
 kp niHu" kai maa". 
 
 .. A halberd. 
 
 lU ^ ... 
 
 
 760 ... 
 
 ... si. ... 
 
 keng SI kai si 
 
 . A dart. 
 
 "3 ^J> J 
 
 
 766... 
 
 ... sek.... 
 
 cieh 
 
 . Stone. 
 
 if T> 
 
 763... 
 
 ... si. ... 
 
 61 
 
 . To manifest. 
 
 lu |£j 
 
 
 295 ... 
 
 ... jia ... 
 
 ckin-chie" iSi ji 
 
 . A footprint. 
 
 115 ^ ... 
 
 
 254... 
 
 ... lio. ... 
 
 liua 
 
 . Grain. 
 
 116 ^ ... 
 
 
 230... 
 
 ... liwfc. 
 
 hvvt 
 
 . A den. 
 
 117 if ... 
 
 
 
 638 ... 
 
 ... lip. ... 
 
 lip 
 
 . To establish. 
 
 118 ^ 
 
 
 
 SI25: 
 
 STE-OICES. 
 
 
 
 95 ... 
 
 ... cok.... 
 
 tek 
 
 . Bamboo. 
 
 119 ;^ ... 
 
 
 690... 
 
 ... mi".... 
 
 bf 
 
 , Rice. 
 
 120 ^ ; 
 
 ^ •■■ 
 
 596... 
 
 ... mek. 
 
 pi" si 
 
 . Silk. 
 
 121 -fff ... 
 
 
 141... 
 
 ... Lui. ... 
 
 bui 
 
 . Earthernware. 
 
 122 I)(*J I 
 
 111% 
 
 1044 
 
 . . . biiang. 
 
 m5ng 
 
 . A net. 
 

 m 
 
 N 
 
 :? 
 
 ^ n 
 
 g 
 
 u 
 
 %\\ 
 
 ]23 
 
 124 
 
 125 
 
 126 
 
 127 
 
 128 
 
 129 
 
 130 
 
 131 
 
 132 
 
 133 
 
 134 
 
 135 
 
 136 
 
 137 
 
 138 
 
 139 
 
 140 
 
 141 
 
 142 
 
 143 
 
 144 ;|^ 
 
 145 ^ ^ 
 
 146 
 
 
 
 Jfil 
 
 147 
 
 
 IMTBODUCTIOMu 
 
 ... 1072 ... ling.... ie' 
 
 ... 1124 ... d. ... li 
 
 ... 508 Ua. ... iSu 
 
 ... 719 ju. ... ju 
 
 ... 512 liii. ... Ivii .-fi kui liji. 
 
 ... 720 ju. ... Ill" 
 
 ... 1138 ... lut. ... mt 
 
 ... 300 j6k. ... BCk 
 
 ... 20 chin.... chin 
 
 ... 1031 ... tu. ... cQ 
 
 ... 60 ci. ... c\ chu k&i cL 
 
 ... 414 kia. ... kl.Q 
 
 ... 749 elet. ... cih 
 
 ... 120 chuu. cliun.cli6 kfti cbda. 
 
 ..• 48 cia. ... ciu 
 
 ... 317 ku.n. ... ku,n 
 
 ... 727... .». sek. ... ngo sek kai sek. . . . 
 
 ... 956 cliau. cliau than 
 
 ... 221 n. ... Ii6° ji than. 
 
 ... 110 liiii. ... tli&iig 
 
 ... 230 hieb. huch 
 
 ... 207 li^ng. kia". 
 
 ... 270 i. ... i 
 
 ... 184 ia. ... sai jl xhvLxx. 
 
 .... 385... ... kien. kV 
 
 Sliecp. 
 
 Plumes. 
 
 Aged. 
 
 Likewise. 
 
 A plow-Iiaudk'. 
 
 The ear. 
 
 A stile. 
 
 Flesh. 
 
 A statesman. 
 
 Self. From. 
 
 To reach to. 
 
 A mortar. 
 
 The tongue. 
 
 Contradictory. 
 
 A vessel. 
 
 Perverse. 
 
 Color. 
 
 Grass. Herbs. 
 
 A tiger's stripes. 
 
 Insects. 
 
 Blood. 
 
 To walk. 
 
 Garments. 
 
 Overshadowing. 
 
 To see. 
 
48 ^ 
 154 « 
 
 56 rfc: 
 
 i58 ^ 
 
 [59 
 
 L60 
 LGl 
 
 63 g^ [$ 
 
 ^ 
 
 LG-4 
 
 "S 
 
 ,C5 ^ ... 
 
 LG6 
 
 tC7 jfc •• 
 
 IC8 
 109 
 
 71 
 
 
 
 INTRO DtCTlOH. 
 
 409 ... kok.... kak 
 
 1083 ... ien.... ngun 
 
 453 kok.... sua" kok kai kok. 
 
 874 tau.... tan 
 
 760 61. ... kliicn SI kai SI. 
 
 10 cai. ... liai t3.i kai cJti. ... 
 
 670 pue.... pue 
 
 72 cliek. cliiab 
 
 961 CO. ... caa 
 
 1014 ... cok.... cok 
 
 735 sin. ... sin-tLoi kai sin. 
 
 39 ki. ... chia. chia be kai cilia. 
 
 806 sin. ... ke" sin kai sin. 
 
 20 sin. ... sin si kai sin. 
 
 82 cok CO cun 
 
 1096 ... ip. ... iu poi" gu 111". ... 
 
 1114 ... ill. ... I'u 
 
 689 pten. cliin-chie" cliai jl. 
 
 518 U. ... U 
 
 ETO-HT STE-OICES. 
 
 398 kim.... kim 
 
 27 cliiang. tng 
 
 570 ii-'^n- "'"o 
 
 141 liii. ... CO poi" gu 111". 
 
 846 iai. ... tal ji, bo cu-run. ... 
 
 lO'O dai. ... cui. 
 
 zm 
 
 A horn. 
 Words. 
 A valley. 
 Peas. Pulse. 
 Swine. 
 
 Feline beasts. 
 Valuable. 
 Flesli color. 
 To run. 
 The foot. 
 The body. 
 A wheeled vehicle. 
 Distressing. 
 Time. 
 Going. 
 A town. 
 Distilled ppirifc. 
 To discriminate. 
 A tenth of a league. 
 
 Gold. 
 
 Long. 
 
 A door. 
 
 A mound. 
 
 To extend to. 
 
 Slu-rt-tftiled birds. 
 
XlV 
 
 "3 rai 
 
 174 
 i75 
 
 P3 
 
 7G 
 
 t77 
 
 m 
 
 79 
 
 L80 
 
 181 
 L82 
 L83 
 L84 
 L85 
 L86 
 
 L87 »^ 
 
 190 
 191 
 192 
 
 
 m 
 
 Ik 
 
 n 
 
 193 ^ 
 
 L94 
 
 195 
 
 7 
 
 >> 
 
 1124 
 
 995 .. 
 
 136 .. 
 
 695 .. 
 
 428 .. 
 
 1048 
 
 414 .. 
 
 1100 
 
 191 
 
 155 
 
 136 
 
 7G6 
 
 766 
 
 188 
 
 671 .. 
 
 454 .. 
 
 324 ... 
 
 681 .. 
 
 874 .. 
 
 29 .. 
 
 639 ,. 
 
 482 .. 
 
 ... ... 1119 
 
 INTRODUCTIOIJ. 
 
 .. f. ... Il5 
 
 .. cheng. die" 
 
 .. hui, ... hui 
 
 .. mien. mln 
 
 .. kek. ... pbue kek k&i kek. 
 
 .. ui. ... ui 
 
 .. km. ... kfu 
 
 .. im. ... im 
 
 .. liieh.... hleh 
 
 .. tong. Luang 
 
 .. hui. ... pue 
 
 .. sek. ... ciah 
 
 .. sfu. sfu 
 
 .. Liang. Liang 
 
 .. rod. ... be. 
 
 .. kut. ... kut 
 
 .. kau. ... kau 
 
 ., pLio.... LwtjitLftu. 
 
 .. to. ... th ji khak 
 
 .. tLiang. thiang ... 
 
 ., kek ... ka kek k^i kek. ... 
 
 ., kiii. ... kui 
 
 ... t. ... H 
 
 ... Kain. 
 ... Green. 
 . . . Negation. 
 
 ... The face. 
 
 ... Tanned hides. 
 
 • •• Leather. 
 
 ... Leeks. 
 
 ... Sound. 
 
 ... A page or leaf. 
 
 ... Wind. 
 
 ... To fly. 
 
 ... To eafc. 
 
 ... CLief. 
 
 ... Fragrant. 
 
 ... A horse. 
 
 . . . Bone. 
 
 ... Lofty. 
 
 ... Long hair. 
 
 ... To quarrel. 
 
 ... Fragrant herbs. 
 
 ... A caldron. 
 
 ... A demon. 
 
 M. Fish. 
 
*w 
 
 
 196 
 197 
 198 
 199 
 200 
 
 201 
 
 202 
 203 
 204 
 
 205 
 206 
 207 
 208 
 
 209 
 
 "'^ m 
 
 M 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 ^ 
 
 211 
 
 212 :^i 
 213 
 
 2U 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 .. ... 632 nfo. ... cio 
 
 556 Id. ... lii 
 
 562 16k. ... tek 
 
 583 mgk.... beh 
 
 571 mo". ... miia" 
 
 252 huang. ng. 
 
 776 su. ... su 
 
 218 hek. ... hek 
 
 ... 58 ci. ... cam ci kai ci. 
 
 Tia:iE,a?EEiar sti^oices- 
 598 ... ... mien, mien 
 
 904 teng... tia° 
 
 , 43-i kii. ... ko. 
 
 776 chd. ... chu 
 
 677 phi".... phf 
 
 966 clii. ... chi 
 
 E'IE^TEE3iT STK,OICES- 
 
 65 chi. ... khi 
 
 212 16ng... leng 
 
 481 kui. ... ku 
 
 ,,. ... 1117 ... iak. ... iak. 
 
 xy 
 
 •I ««t 
 
 ... Birds. 
 
 ... Nitrous. 
 
 ... Deer. 
 
 ... Wheat. 
 
 ... Hemp. 
 
 ... Yellow. 
 
 ... Millet. 
 
 ... Dark. 
 
 ... Embroidery. 
 
 ... Frogs. 
 
 ... A tripod. 
 
 ... A drum. 
 
 ... A mouse. 
 
 ..-. The nose. 
 
 ... Even. Uniform. 
 
 ... Teeth. 
 
 ... A dragon. 
 ... A tortoise. 
 
 ,„ Wind instrnmenta. 
 
ALPHABETIC DICTIONARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 IfBtioe 
 
 'pi a- 170 A prefix to names of persons. 
 
 ^\J 1068 ~6" a-no"; my child. a-no"-kia"; 
 
 an infant. a-liia°; elder brother, a-pe ; father. 
 
 a 80 Confused vocal sounds. 
 1066 ~8 o-a a-a-kie ; the raven croaks. 
 no"-kia° khi-thau oh {a"-uo ciu a-a-kie ; child- 
 ren beginning to learn to talk utter confused 
 sounds. 
 
 JO^l^ a 196 A raven with a white streak 
 ^^ 1066 ■T on its neck. 
 o-a; a crow. hu-a ; a fish-hawk. a-pluen ; 
 opium. a sia"; hoarse. sia" li si a sia"; his 
 voice is husky, u o-a kie sa" sia"; a crow cawed 
 three times, o-a loh ie"; the position of a crow 
 descending into a field, (a fine site, geomanti- 
 cally considered). 
 
 75 Divei'gent branches ; a crotch, 
 
 ^ , 1066 8 a prong, a fork, a tine. 
 
 ciii kau hu-ko pun a; the stream there divides 
 into two branches. ci tio ho to e poi" pun 
 
 CO sa" a; this river in its lower portion divides 
 into three branches, chiu toa, pun a ; the tree 
 grows and puts forth branches. pun co chit 
 poih a ; divides into seven or eight forks, cek 
 a cai pun co ku-a a; one branch divided into 
 several branches, a-che; a crotched stick, used 
 as a support. khieh ki a-che l^i the"; get a 
 
 forked stick and prop it up. bo a-che sa" co- 
 ni n^ ? Without crotches how can the clothes 
 be hung out to dry ? ki-biie khui a ; the twigs 
 are sprouting, lo pun co no a; the road divided 
 into two forks. sua°-leng kia" kau cf-kp ciu 
 pun a ; the spur of the mountain at this point 
 divided ofi^. ci ckng hue pun co kiii a ; this 
 
 flower consists of several sprigs. hiah to toi" 
 kui a, ne ? On which branch is it perched ? 
 ki" cam-tio tl cek a ? Which branch would you 
 chop off ? of a tng, ci a to ; one of the tines is 
 longer than the other. 
 
 J>t a 5 Or; otherwise. 
 
 iii 1079 2 u a bo ? Is there any or not ? lu 
 
 ceng a m ceng ? Have yon or have you not? 
 lu th6i° tieh ho a i7i-ho ? Do you think it desi- 
 rable, or not ? lu ai" peh kai a o kaj ? Do you 
 want white ont^s gi'.bla<p«i Ones ?."ai"'kau a bile ? 
 Are we almost ■t\}eV&? > fH i kai a-hia" a ra si ? 
 It is his brotl^or is it not-? ,' . ; ; ',',;; -. 
 
 Ta 6 Wheri'placed between two verba 
 629 1 indicates continuance or repe- 
 tition of the action. 
 
 noih-a-noih ; limping along. hi°-a-hi°; hob- 
 
 bling on. kuai-a-kuai ; limping at every step. 
 chiang-a-chiang; walking as one does when one 
 leg is shorter than the other, phe-a-phe; walk- 
 ing lamely, in such a way as to throw the body 
 forward by jerks. hit-a-hit ; swinging to and 
 fro. lii-a-lu; keeps poking it. pue-a-pue ; 
 
 flying round and round. nih-a-nih ; winking 
 everj little while, lin-a-lln ; turns over at in- 
 tervals, i to cui min hra-a-lim ; it bobs up and 
 down on the surface of the water. ciin so-a- 
 so ; the boat tosses constantly, chue-a-chue cQ 
 chue tieh ; keep on looking for it and you will 
 find it. biia-a-bua cu chun tiam-kia"; by suc- 
 cessive grindings it is worn away so that thei'e 
 is but little left. 
 
 a 64 To pluck; to twist; to wrest; to 
 1077 5 bend,as in an attempt to break, 
 a cih; to break by bending. a chui; to snap 
 in shivers, a tng; to snap off. a co kueh; to 
 break in two. a chiu pa; to test the strength 
 by seizing each other's wrists. a cang-khak; 
 to make tlie frame of a coiffure. a chiu-ki ; 
 
 break off a branch of a tree, a liii hue; pluck a 
 flower, a ka"-na; pick olives, a to-tng; bend 
 backward, a tit c;e ; bend it straigliter. raai" 
 a khah wn ; do not bend it into too short a 
 curve. a bue loh si ; have not yet brought it 
 into shape. a si-cia" si-cia" ; twist it into a 
 correct shape. jim a m wn ; endure pressure 
 
DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 without bending. ki" d tieli long-cong a; if 
 you pluck an)'- you must pluck all. cliiu-cng- 
 th&u a jip, b6 a chut; his fingers clutch but 
 never relax, (said of a raiser), ci kai jl ta" Ifti 
 cong-kii a m tng; he never gets the pronuncia- 
 tion of this word right. 
 
 a ICO To argue ; to dispute ; to 
 688 14 wrangle for a notion. 
 sie a ; to debate. a m hau" hiah ; would not 
 stop disputing. bo li, k ki\u fl H; make the 
 worse appear the better reason, i k la" be) ; he 
 denied its being so. h ia"; out argue. a su ; 
 worsted in argument. Ji iii khui kau ; argue 
 without coming to a conclusion. 
 
 3S 
 
 h 7 Second in order. 
 1068 6 a-sia"; the second sage, Men- 
 cius. k-ngvvn ; the scholar ranking next to 
 the senior wrangler a.rao»)g ,the successful can- 
 didates for the degrees of Kftng-Um, ciu-su and 
 ku-jin. ,'_ jp-ipS,: iipxfc io'St father, to. me. 
 
 & 76 A final particle, indicative of 
 y W 1122 14 relief or admiration, but mostly 
 used after a question expressive of doubt, sur- 
 prise or irony. 
 
 i ka" si bo, 8, ! He has none then ! tui cf-kp 
 khu, si S, ? This is the way to go, is it? si i 
 a ! It is he, certainly. i si khu khiu i kfti Jl ! 
 He has gone to beseech it of him ! 
 
 nSL Ji ^ A final particle, expressing doubt 
 ^^ 1066 4 in the preceding statement. 
 h(5, S, ; that will do perhaps, khah soi, Jl ; tliafc 
 is too small surely. kau S, ; we are there by 
 
 this time surely. ai-Jl ; an interjection expres- 
 sing surprise or incredulity. 
 
 rtrL a 30 A final particle, serving to ar- 
 y<r 1066 4 rest attention. 
 61 ua a ; it is I. lu a, e tng m hd c\e"-se" a ; 
 another time don't you do thus. si a ; that is 
 so. si a, tieh c\e"-se° cia° tieh a ; yes, that is 
 the way it must be. i si a-hia" a ; he is the 
 elder, ua lai khu a ; I am going, nang a, 
 th&u a ! Look out foi* your head there ! 
 
 y||" a 8 a-si ; ia-si ; if ; should it be ; in 
 >/4 1093 4 case that ; supposing that, 
 a-si ii, ho b6i ; should there be any, buy them, 
 a-si ua lai cu ho ; had I come it would have 
 been well, a-si u ho, i ciu m lai ; should it 
 rain he will not come, i a-si bo l^i — ; if he 
 does not come — . lu a-si m — ; if you are 
 determined that you will not — . la m si ; if 
 
 — a» — 
 
 a" 64 To cover ; to hide from view ; 
 1088 8 to screen, 
 a" mak ; to hoodwink. a° mak cau t\am ; 
 
 " hide and seek." a" mak, phion phi"; to throw 
 dust in one's eyes; to thoroughly deceive, a" 
 ntlng kai chui, a" cJli tit mi ? How can people's 
 mouths be stopped ? a" min ; hide the face, a" 
 hi"; cover the ears with the hands, a" phi"; hold 
 the no.se. kiii a" mak ; preternaturally blind, 
 a" i7i cti ; not effectually closed, chit phi" a" m 
 cu ; all the doors are not simultaneously shut, 
 a" mi-mi, bo nang cai ; concealed from every 
 body's cognizance, a" m li ; irrepressible. 
 
 h" 64 To hold in the arms or lap ; to 
 1149 18 snuggle, 
 a" a-no"; snuggle a baby, k" i td (it ; rock hira 
 to sleep. tieh a" i, cia" oi ut ; you must snug- 
 gle hira then he will sleep, a" h(5-hd, mai" kia" 
 tieh i ; hold hira nicely, and do not startle him. 
 a" to sin pi"; hugged close, a" kaa sio-sie ; 
 cuddled up warm. 
 
 ytJD*' a" 9 To flit on eggs, to incubate ; to 
 
 |/V 1^)2 4 hover over ; to lie perdue. 
 koi-b<5 a" koi-kia° ; the hen covers the chickens, 
 a" to i sit e ; covered under her wings. koi- 
 
 bp id a" iing; the hen is sitting. eng a" jieh 
 ku cia" 6i chut koi-kia" ? How long must she 
 sit in order to hatch out the chickens ? nng 
 khah coi, oi a" m ctlu a boi ? If there be too 
 many eggs, won't they fail to be uniformly 
 warmed by her sitting on them ? khieh kILi 
 ah-nng khut i a" ; get a duck's egg and pat it 
 under her. 
 
 a" 18 To exhort to peace ; to separate 
 463 18 those who are fighting ; to part 
 combatants. 
 
 la iTi si i lai &°, tieh khut i phah sf khu ; if he 
 had not come and separated us, I should have 
 been beaten to death by hira. i hu a" i khui ; 
 he came and separated them. bo nang kheng 
 khu a" i ; no one would go and interfere in the 
 fray. i kie-sl i a" phi", kua khu a" kai nang 
 to khut i phah ; he complains that he evinced 
 partiality in his interference, taking hold of 
 one in such a way as to let the other beat him. 
 a" m chai ; paid no heed to the attempt to make 
 them stop fighting. 
 
 vfp-f S° 1^ ^ bruise ; a swelling caused 
 jt^ ^ 57 ~5~ by a blow or knock which, does 
 not break the skin, 
 ceng kai ^" khi lai ; phO kHi &"; a swelling arose. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 piiah kkti kfii a" ; fell and bumped it so that it 
 swelled up. cuaiig kuu kai S," ; bumped it and 
 caused it to swell, ci ktli a" si khut nang plialx 
 tieh a sX cuang tieli ? Is this swelling caused 
 by a blow or by a bump ? kai a", o-che° kek 
 hueh ; a black and blue swelling. 
 
 J^T^ a" 184 The fruit or meat filling in 
 p 1^ 202 8 pastry ; the core of cakes or 
 dumplings. 
 
 tiam ii"; sweet pies. kiam a°; cakes filled with 
 hashed meat and vegetables. pau a" kai pi'a"; 
 cakes having a stuffing of fruit, etc. iau-sa "ii"; 
 a core of mashed beans, so-tau a"; a core made 
 of bean flour. cut-bi a"; a core of glutinous 
 
 rice. tu-nek u"; a core of hashed pork. lek- 
 tau a"; a core of green peas. kiie a"; pia" a"; 
 
 the stuffing in cakes. hu toi pau a"; there is 
 stuffing enclosed in it. bo a" kai pau, kie-cp 
 
 sit-sim pau ; dumplings that hare no stuffing 
 are called solid dumplings. a" pau khali pa ; 
 there is too much stuffing in the dumpling, a" 
 boi pa; there is too little stuffing, phue khah 
 p6h, i kiai a" cu kiuh chut lai ; if the paste is 
 too thin the filling will burst out. 
 
 — ah — 
 4:trl ah 64 To forcibly escort; to guard; to 
 JT 1068 y convoy. 
 
 all nle; to convoy the grain belonging to govern- 
 ment, ah cai ; guard a cargo, ah hiie-mueh ; to 
 convoy goods, ah huam-jin ; act as escort to a 
 criminal. ah-koi ; to escort. kam-ali i khii 
 CO ; compel him to go and do it. ah i to che- 
 kwn ; watch him while detained in the lockup, 
 k^n-ah i m cu ; cannot keep him in custody. 
 
 M||[^ ah 196 A duck ; any species of the 
 jl^ 1068 5 genus Anser. 
 ah-bp ; a duck, ah-heng ; a drake. ah-ki'a"; a 
 duckling. ah-fing ; ducks' eggs. chi ah ; to 
 rear ducks, jio ah ; tend ducks. lin ah-kia"; 
 to hatch ducks' eggs artificially, ciii ah ; wild 
 ducks. sie ah ; roast duck. ah khun ; flocks 
 of ducks, kiam ah-nng ; salt ducks' eggs, ci" 
 ah ; a young duck. lau ah-bp ; an old duck. 
 
 ah-p6 ; driedducks. ah uang ; the mandarin 
 duck.hwn ah ; the muscovy duck, chai ah ; the 
 common duck, pua" chai hwn ah ; a half-breed, 
 ah bi ; a toy duck, peh tun ah ; a sodden duck, 
 sle" sien ah ; a whole boiled duck. ah cie"; a 
 conserve made of the flesh of ducks' feet, kiam 
 ah kun ; salt duck gizzards. ah am ; a certain 
 sort of confectionery. 16 ah ; pickled duck, 
 
 kham ah ; minced duck. ah-bun-sun ; a duck 
 stew. ah ke°; a pottage made of meats and 
 
 vegetables, ho pau ah; a duck filled with stuf- 
 fing, ah toi ; a duck's foot, ah toi kha ; splay- 
 
 footed, ah-cih ; a duck's bill, ngun ah-cih ; a 
 silver clasp shaped like a duck's bill. ah-cih 
 5m-nfa; a long collar with tabs, ah-cih chie"; 
 a bayonet. ah-cih chau ; a weed with leaves 
 shaped like a duck's bill. ah sai Ick ; a dark 
 mottled green, ah mo" sx"; a ducks' feather fan. 
 ah-kia" thia" lui ; a duckling listening to thun- 
 der ; one who hears what ho cannot under- 
 stand, ju. kiia" ah cok pua"; like driven ducks, 
 ah-kia" chut si bo pe-bp ; ducklings aro born 
 orphans, ah-lp so" cin-cu; the duck that lays 
 pearls. ah-kua" tliuh pua"-thau ; the duck's 
 liver is put on the top of the dish, go kia", ah 
 po ; waddles like a duck. leh peh ah ; to slay 
 a dead duck ; i.e. to kill a man for the sake of 
 imputing his murder to another. liah khu 
 theng ah-p6; to crucify, the allusion being to 
 the manner of stretching ducks upon splints in 
 drying them. koi heng ah ka-ciah, rain than 
 ciu u ciah ; one with a breast like a hen's and 
 a back like a duck's, has food without earning 
 it. ah-nng pu kii oi ih chui ; a long covered 
 duck's egg will hatch out. cui ah oi cio" ke"; 
 the wild ducks station a sentinel. ah chui 
 
 a" CO i", koi chui a" cp pi" ; make it appear by 
 argument that a duck's bill is round and a 
 hen's bill is flat. ah ku ; a stunted duck ; a 
 runt. ah-kia" thiu huang; the duckling has 
 the pip. 
 
 — ai — 
 |— I ai 80 To pity; to grieve; to sympa- 
 <|C%, 619 IT thize ; sorrow ; woeful, 
 ko ai cu ; an orphan. ai-khau ; to weep. ai- 
 cham ; distressing. ai khiu ; to supplicate, 
 
 ai-lien ; to compassionate, ai cai ! Alas ! u hQ 
 ai cai ! Alas, how sad ! pui ai ; sympathy, ai 
 khun ; beseech, hi, ne, ai, lak ; the four emo- 
 tions, satisfaction, anger, grief, joy. 
 
 ai 30 To sigh, to groan ; an interjec- 
 619 7 tion expressing disgust or re- 
 gret, i kai to ai mih su ? What is he groaning 
 about ? ua thia"-ki" i cong-kii to ai, ai ; I hear 
 him grunting all the time, ai, khp-lien i ! Oh, 
 how I pity him ! i si ai-kie ka-kl kai su, a si 
 ai-kie pat nang kai su ? Is he sighing over 
 his own affairs, or over tho.se of some other 
 person ? 
 
 0^^ ai 72 ai-mue; underhand. 
 ;^«^ 620 13 cia t-ng si ai-miie kai sii; this is 
 acting in an underhand way. 
 
 ai 61 The exhibition of humanity id 
 619 9 the actions ; to love ; fond of ; 
 tender toward ; sparing of ; beloved, 
 ai-sieli, kindness, chin-ai ; friendship, jin-ai ; 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 benevoleut. leng ai ; your daughter, mong lu 
 kue ai ; many thanks for your great kindness, 
 nek-ai; blind love. h(5 ai-sieh; lovable, khd-ai; 
 lovely. ai-sieh ka-kl iu su ai-sieh pat niliig; 
 love others as well as yourself. ai nang kip 
 
 mueh ; love people rather than thiuga. ai-sieh 
 to sim, mai" ai-sieh to min ; love in reality 
 rather than in appearance. ai min jitik cu ; 
 
 loved the people as if they were his ciiildren. 
 ai-sieh thai kiie ; too indulgent affection. iii- 
 Bieh kuang-im ; sparing of time, 
 
 H^ ai 170 A defile ; a pass. 
 
 yWL 2 10 ai-khau ; a gorge. hiam h,x ; 
 
 a dangerous pass. 
 
 JtL fti 80 a mother ; one's mother. 
 T—f* 605 1 cfl si i kai ai ; it is his mother, 
 chin &i ; an own mother. Jlu fti ; a step-mother. 
 
 2ii-& ; an exclamation denoting 
 surprise. 
 
 — ai" — 
 
 To desire, to wish, to long 
 for; about to, ready to, on the 
 
 >^t* hi" 76 
 
 VA 1139 T 
 
 point of. 
 
 lu ai" am? Do you want it or not ? i ai", 
 ua m; he wants to but I will not. ai° li sii", boi 
 tit tieh ; as for wanting it I want it, but I can- 
 not have it. si lia sim so ai°; it is what my 
 heart desires, in-ai"; raki"; does not want it. i 
 cha-m-tp ai° lai ; he is about to come, i ciang 
 ai" khu ; he is about to go. li'i ai" tiig-khu c6- 
 ke a bue ? Are you going to return to you na- 
 tive land yet ? i ai° co ; he is going to make 
 it. i ta" i hi" khu ; he said he should go. ua 
 ai" lai khieh ; I will come and get it. i h.i" 
 mill ktli ? What does he want ? i ai" khi chu ; 
 he is going to build a house. i phien-phien 
 ai"; he is bent upon it. i nge ai"; he tixedly 
 desires it. i cwn ai" cie"-se° cp ; he especially 
 wishes it to be made thus. i kii-i ai" lai ; he 
 is set upon coming. i kai sim iSi si ai", cliui 
 m ka" ta" ; he desires it in his heart, but dare 
 not say so. ai" me ? Do you wish to ? 
 
 — ak — 
 
 ak 85 To water, by pouring from 
 ^V 1066 4 above, 
 ak hue ; to water flowers. ak ciii ; to wet by 
 pouring on water. ak ho ; khut ho ak tieh ; 
 wet by the rain. 
 
 ak 64 To seize, to arrest, to gripe. 
 
 82 7 jio kau hu-kp cia" ak tieh ; 
 
 pursued him to that point and there caught 
 
 him. ak tieh i kai pi"; caught him by the cue. 
 hiam-hiam ak m tteh; caaght at and came very 
 near missing it. 
 
 ak 61 Evil, vile, wicked, iniquitous. 
 ^\id\ 1063 8 ak-iising; the wicked, cue-ak; 
 wickedness, ctlp ak ; all sorts of crimes. ak 
 Pok ; evil ways, tai ak ; great crimes, ak cii ; 
 very wicked, hioug-ak ; malicious. ak-tak ; 
 venomous. cek ak ; heap up iniquity. ak 
 hetig ; vicious looking. ak Q ak pp ; wicked- 
 ness brings its own retribution. nftng m cp 
 ak, naug iTi ui ; where there is no iniquity, there 
 is no fear. ak kue cua ; more malignant than 
 a serpent. pe ak, ki'a" hien ; wise sons of 
 wicked fathers, ak cit; virulent disease, sim 
 eii, mla ak ; a gentle heart under a savage ex> 
 terior. ak-n&ng, ak-nftng til ; the wicked ex- 
 tripate the wicked. cQe-ak thau thi"; their 
 wickedness reaches to the heavens. ak Qe ; 
 obscene talk. 
 
 ak 82 To quiet, to calm, to pacify. 
 •^ 1069 14 ak kia"; allay fear. hkm i a- 
 ne sah no kai ngio nng kio i ak kia"; tell his 
 mother to boil two cats' eggs with which to 
 quiet his alarm, cia tieh i khu, cia" ak tit c^, 
 p&t n&ng ak iTi tio ; he is the one who must go, 
 then they will be pacified, no one else can tran- 
 quilize them. 
 
 ^^L ak 162 To terminate ; to stop. 
 " tP^. 629 9 cp-ak; to bring to a standstill, 
 ak-cf ; to put a stop to. ak ak, iang sien ; re- 
 press iniquity and encourage righteousness. 
 
 -mYI ^^ ^ "^o repress, to restrain, to 
 jrr 1093 4 abate ; else, moreover, 
 ak-ci ; to stop. ut-ak ; irked. ak-cii ; to re- 
 press, ak i m cu ; could not curb it. ak i m 
 tio ; could not resti-ain it. ak-ci i ; restrain 
 
 him. ka-ki ak-cx la cu ; could not himself con- 
 trol it. soi" ak Su iang, soi" iang au ak ; play 
 fast and loose with. ak-hok ; should it be. 
 ak-hok cie"-se" ; should it bo thus. ak-hok i 
 lai, xia ciu mien khu ; should he come, then 1 
 need not go. ak-hok u ci kai, lu ai" jieh coi ? 
 Should there be that kind, how many do you 
 want ? 
 
 am 40 A religious house; a Buddhist 
 
 621 8 temple, 
 am-ing ; a convent or monastery. ara-k\^n ; 
 am-i°; monastic estalishments. ni-ko am ; a 
 nunnery, hue-sie" am ; a monastery, jip am ; 
 to become a monk or a nun. chau am ; our 
 wretched hermitage, am lai; in religious reti- 
 
DICTIONARY OF TnK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 rement. lifie-sie" bo seng-li thiali am leng-ua° 
 kill; when priests have no other lucrative eni- 
 plo3nuent, they take their temples to pieces and 
 rebuild them, tok chut am ; expelled from the 
 monastery. 
 
 am 116 Concave, like the sky. 
 
 420 "3" am-bo ; a hollow hemisphere 
 like the sky. am-bo am-bo ne ; convex on the 
 upper surface and concave on the under, mai" 
 CO khah am-bo ; do not make it too arching. 
 CO lai am-am ue ; made very concave. 
 
 M^ AJJL am-lo A garden slug; a snail. 
 
 l^ lK|pr| 466 ' no kai a-iio"-kia" to ka 
 am-lo ; two children are trying to make snails 
 fight, am-lo khak ; snail shells, am-lo thang ; 
 the snails themselves. 
 
 ■^ISlI am 149 Versed in ; knowing about. 
 PfI 621 9 am-lien ; skilled in any craft 
 or art. iIi am si su ; ignorant of the world. 
 
 Msfe H"jrt ^™"C^"^ Obese ; fat ; dirty. 
 P7f* Ij/ w 949 am-cam pui ; corpulent, 
 
 am-cam ciah ; to eat hoggishly. 
 
 TklSi; 
 
 ;ira Water in which rice has been 
 
 .27 boiled, 
 cim am ; soak in rice-water. ciah am ; drink 
 rice-water. 
 
 H^^ am 72 Dark ; obscure ; secret ; clan- 
 H^ 622 9 destine; stealthily, 
 jit ai" am lio ; it is growing dark. jit am ; at 
 dusk. mai° khah am lai ; do not come too late 
 in the evening. mong-mong am-ara ; misty 
 
 and dark, thi" o, tl am ; utter darkness. o-o 
 ^m-am ; midnight darkness. ara-ce"; secretly, 
 am-ce" sie°; secretly thought, am pang; secret 
 compartment. am huang ; secretly ascertain, 
 am hai ; secretly injure, co kai am ho; made a 
 secret sign, phah am hoh ; gave a secret signal, 
 meng chie° koi tng, am ci" lang huang ; a visi- 
 ble spear is easily withstood, a secret arrow is 
 hard to guard against. thau bin, raak am ; 
 
 vertigo, am cph am ce"; clandestine, am lun ; 
 a concealed spring, am kau ; a covered drain, 
 am tang co su ; underhand doings. am pau ci 
 kai i-8U to lai ; has this meaning involved in it. 
 am chi mang ; the silent mosquito. am hah ; 
 secretly agreeing. am ieh ; a private under- 
 standing, ara-thau ; hades, am to ; a hidden 
 pocket. am-am khu co ; secretly went and 
 did it. sim-gi se" am kiii ; the imagination 
 creates ghosts. lu 6i iii am a boi ? Are you 
 
 afraid in the dark ? lu co pang hie" am kp 
 
 cp-ni ? Why do you sit where it is so dark ? 
 
 hm ke-thau ; a private price. bo kng, bo am ; 
 no two prices. ciah o-am png ; eat the bread 
 of sorrow, khut i am ciah jieh coi ci"; had no 
 inconsiderable amount of money privately used 
 up by him. am kai coi kiie kng kai ; what is 
 concealed is more than what is manifest, am- 
 ce" sai eng ; what was clandestinely used up. 
 sai am chie"; employ an assassin, hun-hun am- 
 am badly lighted. am-chang ; hidden, con- 
 cealed, kim to o-am koi" ko ; shut up in the 
 dark. 
 
 id^ S,m 181 The neck; a narrow part of 
 'J^>\ 406 ~7~ a thing. 
 
 i khu tio 3,m, khut nang kiu tieh, boi si; he 
 went and hung himself, but was rescued by 
 some one, and did not die. i kai am chun tng- 
 tng to thoi"; he was gazing with outstretched 
 neck. i kai am keng-keng ; his neck is long 
 and crooked. teh kau am khi-khi ; weighed 
 down by it so that his neck is awry. cai kio 
 i kua am-iii ; remember to put his bib on him. 
 i kai am kua cek pak su-cu ; be wears a rosary 
 around his neck. i kS,i am lo to ; his neck is 
 rather short. kai Sm se" lek ; he has king's- 
 evil. liu i kai am ; strangle him. am teng 
 cek kai gu ; "Adam's apple." i piiah cih am 
 kut ; he fell and broke his neck, i kai Sm lun- 
 lun ; liis neck is short and thick, che i kS.i am- 
 kia" ; throttled him. i to khap thau, liam am ; 
 be is knocking his head on the ground, and 
 pinching his neck, (as in begging vehemently), 
 ham am ; to pinch the neck violently as a coun- 
 ter irritant, tng am cun ; a long-necked bottle, 
 i kai am hiam-hi'am khut nang phph tng; he 
 came very near getting his neck cut in two. 
 cun koi kai am ; wring the reck of a fowl, am 
 kun tau ; a crick in the neck. S,m teng se" k&i 
 liu ; has goitre. 
 
 m 
 
 Sm 30 To take into the mouth, as for 
 
 939 1^ swallowing, 
 lu kai chili Sm sim-raih miieh to? What have 
 you got in your mouth ? khah toa kp, am m 
 loh ; it is too big a piece, I cannot take it into 
 my mouth. cek chui am no kai ; took two at 
 one mouthful, mai" am khah toachiii; do not 
 take too large mouthfuls. Sm tit jip, thun m 
 loh ; can take it into the mouth, but cannot 
 swallow it. 
 
 — ang — 
 dbi ang 37 A husband. 
 ^V 142 1 ang bo; ang cia; husband and 
 wife. bo ang, bo ki'a"; without husband or 
 
 sons. ang-ci'a kfa"; the young couple. i k4i 
 ang ti-kp hue ? From what place does her hus- 
 band come ? ang hSu-se", bo hau-se°; the hus- 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 band is youthfal and the wife also. ui kheng 
 ke lau ang ; unwilling to marry an old man. 
 lau ang-da ; an old couple. soi" ang; first 
 
 husband. coi" ang ; former husband (now 
 dead). Jiu ang ; second husband. 
 
 ijT^ ang 40 Rest ; peace ; to place at ease. 
 ■3^ 620 T ph6ng-ang; peace, ang-sek ; 
 rest, ang-sek jit ; the Sabbath. ang-sek-hio°; 
 gum benjamin. ang-kham ; a shrine, or case 
 for ancestral tablets. ang Oi ; to appoint the 
 seats (for guests), hfvp sia pheng-ang ; all the 
 clans at peace. ang sini loh nglap ; keep your 
 mind on yonr occupation, ang ke ; to support 
 a family, eng jieh coi ci° ang ke ? How much 
 is used for the support of the family ? ang- 
 tiin kau hd-hd ; well provided for. ang-jien 
 
 cfi-cai; in quiet ea.se and comfort. ang-lOk- 
 
 kong ; a mere man of pleasure. 
 
 ang-chun A quail. 
 
 621 phah ang-chun ; to 
 
 fight quails. liah ang-chun ; to carry around 
 a quail that is being trained to fight. ang- 
 
 chun khuang ; a quail pen. ang-chun to ; a 
 
 bag for carrying quails. ang-chun pie ; the 
 
 banner of the champion quail, long ang-chun ; 
 to keep quails. chi'u liah ang-chun b<5 ; to 
 carry a female quail about, (in order to appear 
 to be a sportsman). u nung liah ang-chun 
 phua ke, u nfmg liah ang-chun hwt ke ; some 
 train quails to the ruin of their families, some 
 train them and thereby found families. 
 
 ^^g ting 98 An earthen jar, without hand- 
 J^U l046 13 les or spout, 
 ciu ang ; wine jar. bi ang ; rice jar. raSng- 
 thng ang; candy jar. kiara-chai ang; salt vege- 
 table jar. hue kim ang ; an urn, holding the 
 bones of the dead, ang thau puah ; a pot used 
 as a cover for a jar. ciu ang tho ; the clay 
 
 used to stop the mouths of wine-jars, ang th^u 
 lu ; a species of puraelo ; a runt. tham ciah, 
 
 puah loh meng-tlmg ang; the greedy fall into 
 the sweetmeat jar. cho cek ang ciii ; holds a 
 jar of water. co cek ang cho ; make a jar 
 
 of vinegar. ang toi kai cho-koi ; the animal- 
 cules in a jar of vinegar. kua° cek ang ciii 
 ti°-ti°; bring a full jar of water. 15 cek ang 
 koi ; pickle a jar of mashed fish. ii cek ang 
 cau tu-nek ; had a jar of corned pork, khu un 
 kiii ang ci'u ; go and heat up some jars of whis- 
 key. hue-kim-pa,u th6i"-cp meng-thiig ang; 
 mistook an urn of dead men's bones for a candy 
 pot. tang phua m soi ang, ce soi, sie-lin- 
 thkng; old mother Tang did not often wash her 
 jars, but when she did, she washed holes in 
 them, ang-le j a potsherd. 
 
 ^1=^ ang 40 A banquet. 
 "^K^ 1090 7 BU ang ; confer a banquet. 
 I'm ang ; to feast. eng-iaag ang ; tek-meng 
 
 ^ng ; the banquet given by the provincial 
 autliorities to those who take the military or 
 civil degree of ku-jin. khuang-lim ang; an 
 
 imperial banquet, given to those who take the 
 degi'ee of c\u-sfl. 
 
 ing 177 The leg of a boot. 
 1078 6 Ilia ang; hia thang; a boot 
 leg. khng ki to t6 hia-ang t6i ; kept a knife 
 in his boot leg. khuai-hia kai hia-ang si lai 
 nfu kai ; the leg of the top-boot buttons up. 
 phiia hia-thang ; a torn boot leg; a scholar who 
 gets no office. 
 
 The leg of a stocking, 
 bueh ang ; biieh thang ; a 
 
 A stoppage of the nose, 
 caused by a cold ; nasal, as 
 
 ang 145 
 1078 T 
 stocking leg. 
 
 X^U^ hng 82 mng-k6-kng; the enciente of 
 J^^ 104:6 10 a city gate, mki" khut i kue" 
 to inng-k6-ang toi, kft raang ; do not let him 
 get shut ill between the inner and outer gates 
 to pass the night bitten by mosquitoes. 
 
 1^ kng 229 
 {fE2* 1046 10 
 a tone. 
 
 ta°-ue kng-ang ; to speak through the nose. i 
 chek-ciii Ho ta,°-ue ang-ng ; having a cold in his 
 head, he speaks nasally. kai phi" ang-ng 
 
 ang-ng, kang-kho cSi ; the nose stopped up, 
 with a distressing cold. 
 
 kng 64 In conformity to ; to lay or 
 622 6 press the hand upon ; to fix 
 upon ; to cause to stop ; to give as security, 
 ang cie°-se°; thus, like this. ang lue"-se''; so, 
 like that, ang c6i° lue°-se°; as before, ang ci 
 kai hxe° ngia ; as handsome as this. ang cie' 
 coi ; so many. ang hie° ci'e ; so few. ang ci 
 kai lne° h(5 ; as good as this. ang huap-lut 
 
 phoi" ; administer according to law. ang cie" 
 ing, ang cie° toa ; ai° li Ifii, mai° li suah ! I 
 have only what is of this length and size ; if 
 you want it, take it, if you do not want it, let 
 it alone ! to-li ang cie° chim ; doctrine so deep, 
 ang lue° tng ; so long as that. 6i tit ang ci cek 
 kai c\e° toa cu ai°; if I can get one as large as 
 this I want it. bo nang ang lu cie" h(5 ; nobody 
 is so good as you. bo nang ang i hie" m ho ; 
 nobody is so bad as he. ang tSi-ke hie°-se' 
 
 ta" lai kia"; let us do as they all say. ang hie" 
 khi ! How strange ! ang kui ciu ku ; in con- 
 formity to established custom, lu ang cie°-se", 
 lia ang h\e°-se"; you do thus, and X do so. ang 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 meli ; feel the pulse, chfa ang sim-kua"-tliau ; 
 lay tlie hand on the heart. ang kiam to chiu, 
 grasped the sword in his hand, ang gueh ci°- 
 nguii ; to fix the monthly stipend. ang pia° 
 
 put tong ; to halt the troops, ang-tug ; to give 
 as security for something borrowed. ang-tng 
 mueli-kia"; to give things in pledge. cang 
 
 chan-khoi co ang; take the deed of his field as 
 security. ang tia" jtt-khi ; to set a fixed time, 
 ang khie" ha.li phah ; strike the ke}^ of the tune, 
 ang pang ; set the tune. ang-sok iIi ilo ; does 
 not successfully repress it. ang-sok kau tio- 
 tio ; keeps in subjection. sin ang pch ngun ; 
 take in pawn, for its full value, of a hundred 
 dollars, i ai" ang nang jieh coi ci"? How much 
 does he wish to borrow from us, giving securi- 
 ty for it ? CO ang ; give as security. ang 
 po lai kia"; set your steps carefully as you go. 
 ang-chak ; the provincial judge. co tieh ang- 
 chak, rain ciu o ; if you do the work of a pro- 
 vincial judge, you will becorac dark visaged. 
 
 >^T* ang 120 Red; rosy ; ruddy; the blood; 
 Tfil^ 235 3 lucky, pleasant, because red 
 is the color used for marriage sedans, the high- 
 est official buttons, and other tokens of rank, 
 ang sek; a red color, toa ang; deep red. hue 
 S,iig; scarlet, tho ang; peach pink, hiin ang; 
 the color of rouge. it pin ang ; bright red. 
 
 sai ang ; persimmon red. sang ang ; deep pink, 
 bak ang; dark red. cu-sa ang; light red. 
 
 ang-sai ; persimmons. ang hun ; I'ed clouds, 
 
 chim ang; deep red. chien ang; pale red. 
 ciu ciah kau min ham-ham-ang ; flushed with 
 ■wine. ang si-sua" so mak-ki"; a red line on 
 
 the edge of the eye lids, chiii-lim-phue cn-cu- 
 ang; the lips bright red. ngun-cu ang; the 
 
 color of vermilion. iu ang; painted red. 
 
 raak-kho ang ; red around the eyes. ang hue 
 ^"g ; ^ young lady. chut hue-ang ; to issue a 
 notice of a reward. kng ki"; a red flag. ang 
 hue boi phang, pharg hue boi ang; brilliant 
 flowers are scentless, and fragi'ant flowers are 
 not bright colored. ang su, peh su; happy af- 
 fair, or grievous affair. hue ang h'u lek ; a 
 variety of bright colors. hue ang ngun ; a 
 reward, received for public service, in catching 
 a thief or murderer. S,ng ng<vn nng-cu to 
 poh mia"; many handsome girls have hard fates. 
 chi" ang ; fresh and ruddy, ang peh ang peh ; 
 pink and white, min ang-jing ; a ruddy coun- 
 tenance. ang-rao°-nang ; red haired people, 
 Europeans. ang thau cun ; a junk. pang 
 Sng ; have dysentery, phui ang ; to spit blood. 
 S,ng pg oieh ; a ruby, ang te'ng ; the red button, 
 an insignia of high rank. ang sang-hu ; red 
 coral. tong Ting-sim ; hit the centre of the 
 
 target, ^ng eng bo ; an official hat having red 
 fringe on the crown. Ting cang sph ; red hair- 
 strings, ang ne-siia"; an umbrella used by 
 officials of high rank. fing tki cu ; a belt 
 worn by blood-relations of the empei'or. ang 
 cuu ; an official boat, poi" slng-sa" ciie ; inflict 
 the punishment of banishment. fi,ng kh6i ; a 
 stamped deed. k\" tieh nang rain ciu ang; 
 blushed if she saw any one. miu &ng-kong- 
 chiah; blushed deeply. 
 
 \it ang 85 
 i^ 23G 6 
 
 B. C. 2200. 
 
 A flood, an inundation, 
 ang-ciii ; the deluge of Yu, 
 
 — ap — 
 
 iBl ^P ^^ The complement; an unlicensed 
 4*J^ 1068 5 pawn-shop; to pay a balance ; 
 to add the complement. 
 
 ap sio ; to pay the remainder of a bill, ap un ; 
 to match a rhyme. ue hue-ap ; to affix the 
 
 necessary device, mark, or paraph, chiara ap ; 
 to authenticate by affixing a mark. sio-bak 
 ap cheng-cho ; the balance of the account has 
 been paid in full, sie ap ; a pawn-shop, where 
 cheap articles are pledged. hiang ap ; a 
 
 licensed pawn-shop. h'lang ap cii-nang kai 
 
 li-sek ci'e, sie ap cii-nang kai li-sek ke ; the 
 amount charged by the licensed pawnbroker is 
 less than that charged by the unlicensed pawn- 
 broker, ap kau ni ; paid up for a year. ap 
 kau gueh ; paid in full for one month, ap kau 
 peh ; made it up to a hundred. i m kheng ue 
 ap ; he was unwilling to affix the mark. cie' 
 me°-me" ap ; quickly draw in the oar. 
 
 '^^ ap 108 A small box, having a cover. 
 _0IL. 218 6 tliiap-ap ; a card-case. ap- 
 kia"; a very small box. gek ap ; an alabaster 
 box. cek ap ko-pi'a"; a box of cakes, cho c6k 
 ap ti"-ti"; fill the box full. siu thau ap ; a 
 dressing-case, bo ap ; a hat-box. 
 
 ap 30 The motion of the gills of a fish. 
 939 6 hu ap ciii ; the fish sucks water, 
 chili to ap ; he is gasping. ap-ap-sah ; gasp- 
 ing, chili hwn-lio 6i ap ; he still gasps. 
 
 n 
 
 au 17 Hollowed out ; concave. 
 623 4 au-au ne ; concave. ci kai i" 
 bo hie" au ; this inkstone is not worn down 
 much. ci kai ua° fo chim-au ; this bowl is 
 deeper. ta° kai te-tien co khu io chim-au ; 
 
 modern saucers are made deeper. mak chim- 
 au ; hollow-eyed. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 I^Tf au 98 A bowl, or deep cup. 
 Pft 625 11 au, ua°, pua", lib; all sorts of 
 dishes. 16-au ; a tea cup. kai-au ; a covered 
 cup. kluim-au ; a covered bowl. lui-au ; a 
 triturating bowl. clift au ; a wooden bowl, 
 
 pua" au ; balf a bowlful. tli\o kiie kau, ciah 
 sa" au ; raucli eating to little exercise. 
 
 au 85 To soften by long poaking; to 
 G26 11 macerate. khieh kbii »i teng 
 au ; take it and soak it in the pool. au kau 
 
 cliau ; it has soaked so long that it smells badly, 
 to loh piin-ti kliu au ; pour it inlo the cess- 
 pool and let it rot. au kau tbiie-thue ; kept in 
 soak till it is friable. 
 
 p/J* au 79 To cudgel ; to maul. 
 |0|X 026 11 kbut i kliia ki thui au kau lok- 
 lok ; suffered liim to take a club and beat him to 
 a jolly. au cih i kai kba kut ; broke his leg 
 
 by mauling him. khia ki tek-ko au i ; took a 
 bamboo and cudgeled him. 
 
 Eft ^^ 12. To fight with sticks or fists. 
 ^UC 626 11 liu-phah ; to maul, au sie"; to 
 ■wound by beating. au jok ; to disgrace by a 
 blow. 
 
 au 64 To press at the arm of a lever; 
 1077 5 to twist; to wrest ; to lift obli- 
 quely ; self-willed, cip-jiu ; obstinate. au- 
 man ; perverse, au-huo"; warped, twisted, pre- 
 judiced, au-cih-khut; crumpled up. au li ; 
 pervert doctrine. du tiig thau ; turn it over 
 endwise. an hu ; to catch fish with a lifting 
 
 net. au cang ; <o lift a fishing net, au mueh- 
 kia°; to carry things at one end of a pole over 
 the slioulder. tJii'g thau au ; to press at the 
 
 {<hort arm of a lever. cang chi'u au khi lai 
 
 koi°-thau; lift it up on the shoulder with the 
 hands. au m tng ; he does not articulate it 
 
 cleai-ly. sang au sang cuah ciu hoh coi ; two 
 different losses on the same article makes a 
 considerable deficienc}' in the end. i kai ue 
 ta° lai siu-an, si toa cih a in si? He speaks in- 
 coherently, he is tongue-tied is he not ? 
 
 au 30 To raise from the stomach. 
 62G 11 au-tho ; to pnke. au-ueh ; to 
 retch and vomit, au hueh ; bleed at the lungs, 
 an sng ; I'aise sour mucus from the stomach, 
 au nua°-ciii ; i-aise mucus from the stomach, 
 ai" au, au m chut; wanted to throw it up but 
 could not. ce thoi" cu au-ueh ; gagged at the 
 sight of it. au sim-hueh kai ci°; money gained 
 at the expense of health. 
 
 ^rpT au 85 To rot or soften from damp- 
 M^i 62«j 11 ness. 
 
 au kau chau ; so rotten that it stinks. m cai 
 phak cfi au tlo; if you do not dry them in the 
 sun, they will spoil from dampness. au kau 
 no ha-hu; decayed to powder. 
 
 au 61 Vexed, angry, cross. 
 .^ ^ 625 13 ku-ce; nettled. i ce au-c^ 
 
 cu i7i khu ; if he once gets out of patience, 
 he won't go. au-se"; grouty. au-se°, cd 
 
 ce raai°; he is irritated, and will have nothing 
 to do with it. iiu khi ; out of temper. cSk 
 to au-kiri ; thoroughly vexed. iiu-cc kau k&i 
 mln jiu-au ; so vexed that she looks cross, au- 
 chiiu ; quick-temjKjred ; out of temper ; to fly 
 into a pjiHsion. au-ce cu kio i leng llo; being 
 in a passion he pushed it away. i au-ce kka 
 i7i ciuh ; he is so out of temper that he will not 
 eat. au-ce kau kie m in ; he is so out of tem- 
 per that he will not answer when he is called, 
 i kai nang se'-cheng au-au-chau-chau ; he has 
 a very violent temper. 
 
 aa 87 Obscure, mysterious. 
 G25 10 chim au ; hard to understand ; 
 profound, iu bio ; au mio ; mysterious. 
 
 &a 80 The passages of (he throat. 
 
 174 9 &u-leng; the throat, nge 4a ; 
 the windpipe. nng au ; the gullet. au-leng 
 gfi ; " Adam's apple." &u-leng lib ; the palate, 
 au-leng kng; the tonsils." ka ta" ; thirsty. &a 
 thia" ; sore throat. se" an g6 ; have quinsy, 
 
 mi au, ceng to; ulcerated throat and swollen 
 belly. tiam au ; quench thirst. khieh kp Mi 
 tiam au ; take a bit to quench thirst. thak 
 
 tieh au-leng-kng nge ; tonsils stiffened by read- 
 ing, au im ; the intonation. i kai au khnah 
 cai ; he has a wide gullet. lu mai° to au oih ; 
 do not mince. cheh au ; to choke, to stop up 
 the throat. hu-kut khe° tieh au-leng; a fish 
 bone stuck in his throat, thoi" tieh to ji'o au ; 
 seeing it makes his mouth water, ji'ang phiia 
 au-leng ; screaming to split his throat. jfang 
 kau au bo sia°; screamed till he was hoarse, 
 peh au peh cih ; telling lies. peh lu kai kn ; 
 you tell lies, lu raai to peh &u ; don't lie. an 
 soi ; throat husky. bo au toi sia"; can not 
 
 speak aloud. bp au toi ; no strength of lung, 
 ho an toi; a resonant voice. Iiu au; to throttle, 
 kui Iiu au ; an imp throttles him. ku au ; cut 
 the throat. hia, ku au lio ! Really, I've cut 
 
 my own throat ! tliam sak tieh au-leng ; hia 
 throat is stopped up by phlegm. gii an ; a 
 flask, made from the gullet of an ox. an b6i 
 thong khi; cannot breathe. khui toa fta ; 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 Bpcak in a big base voice, 
 voice. 
 
 sio au ; a piping 
 
 >>^ Six 60 After ; behind ; subsequent ; in 
 15- 175 6 the rear. 
 
 soi" aa ; previously and subsequently, coi" S,u; 
 beforo and behind. Jin min ; Sn thau ; Su kha; 
 in the rear. iTi soi" m S.n ; neither sooner nor 
 later. lu soi° khu, au lia hli ; you go first and 
 afterward I will come, au jit ; hereafter ; day 
 after to-morrow. Su ni ; in after years ; year 
 after next. Sa kai gueh ; month after next. 
 
 &u s\ ; after ages. i" Su ; S,a lal ; afterwards. 
 5,a ang, S,a bo ; a second husband or wife. 5u 
 pe, au ai ; a step-father or step-mother. thi 
 cie".pak huang, ti e au bp ; in the heavens there 
 are north winds and on earth there are step- 
 mothers, au CO ; au loh ; rear buildings. fta 
 toi"; a,u keng ; tlie inner temple. ftu tui ; the 
 rear company. lien Su ; the rear guard. ho 
 Su ; after the shower, ciu au ; after their wine 
 bibbing. au cim ; an tau ; au nau; the back of 
 the neck. ah au ; the rear body of the escort, 
 coih au ; after the festival. coih au sa" jit; 
 
 three days after the holidays. chu au poi"; 
 
 behind the house. ju 16 au pe ; hatred like 
 
 that toward a step-father. tixe i ka-ciah au ; 
 followed on behind him. the to hu au; follows 
 on behind, au miig ; the back door. S,u liiu ; 
 the back rooms up stairs, jien-au ; thereafter. 
 soi° thi°, au thi"; ante-natal and post-natal in- 
 fluences, soi" thi" lun thoi, au thi" lun eng ; 
 the inherited tendencies affect the body, their 
 subsequent development is determined by the 
 habits. ci Tin-aa chua kai ; the very last one 
 that he married, biie au ; the hindmost, kfo- 
 bvie-au se" kai ; the one last given birth to. 
 kio-biie-au se" ci kai ; at last gave birth to this. 
 Bui au cu kau ; arrived immediately after- 
 ward, au-sia", au-hien ; modern sages. Su 
 hak ; modern scholars. kha-au-te"; the heel 
 
 of the foot, au le"; the heel (of a shoe). Su 
 phe ; the cloth heel of a bound footed woman's 
 choe. au tau ; au tau hue ; the lower part of a 
 woman's coiffure. phah au thang ; a back 
 
 door pilferer. cai kii coi", bo ku au ; regards 
 what is in front, but not what is behind, thang 
 kau hu S,u-au ; pieiced quite through and 
 through. pan tiii i hu au ; head off and in- 
 
 close him. au lio cliie"; the wall enclosing the 
 back yard, coi" sua" hue kui", au sua" jii-keng 
 kui"; things get woi-se the farther you go. i lia 
 ti-liang cp au piah sua" ? Whom doe.s he rely 
 upon to ba< k him up ? eng kau kua Su si kai 
 ci" to eng khu ; spending money that it will 
 take him several lifetimes to earn. se" 061*^, 
 
 Bi Su ; during life and after death. Su to ; 
 
 future generations. Jiu-i ; posterity, to n^ng 
 coi", boi to naug Jiu ; he surpasses others, and 
 is behind nobody. hu-kai jien-Jlu lai ; that 
 
 one came next. ci-kai thau-soi" lai, ci-k&i 
 
 jien-Su lai, ci'-kai kfo-bxie lai; this one came 
 first, this next, and this last. kiio-Su su 
 
 kun-cU; the departed are thought to be gent- 
 lest, hwn u cek kai be 5u phau ; there is 
 still a weapon in reserve. o-phu kha kau, 
 toa kueh to Su ; when some gourd is thrown at 
 a dog, the biggest piece comes last. c6i"-c6i° 
 S,u-au, m pat thoi" ki" ! I never saw anything 
 like it ! ke au; a wife and a wife's relatives. 
 Su p6"; the chorus in a theatre. au pe" cah 
 khu hp ; the chorus was well inserted : the 
 helpmeet performs her part well, i am-ce" bie 
 tiii i S.U lo kp khu; he kept himself hidden, 
 and follow'ed along behind them. cp kheh, 
 mai" loh Su ; when you are an invited guest, 
 be not the last to come. khia to fiu ce, mai" 
 khah cin-coi" ; remain in the back ground, and 
 do not thrust youself forward. ka-chng Su ; 
 behind his back, hi" au ; behind his ear. pue 
 S,u ; back of it. sua" coi", sua" au, thong-sin ceng 
 chiu-bak ; the front and back of the mountain 
 were all planted with shrubbery. khia kau-i° 
 au kai nang ; the man standing behind a chair, 
 ua ham i tieh u au su ; I told him he must 
 prepare for the consequences. tang kau chia 
 au liang ce cja" lai ; wait till the cool weather 
 after autumn and then come. ci kai nang bo 
 au ; this person had no descendants, hia" soi", 
 ti au ; the elder brother takes precedence of the 
 younger. kio biie au ; the very hindmost, 
 ciah png au hue hp cu ut ; it is not well to go 
 to bed at once after eating. kiia" §,u, ii sim- 
 raih kak kek ? And after all, what will be the 
 upshot ? thp §,u ; receded from his position, 
 au han ; next time. 
 
 — au" — 
 
 an" 80 Clamorous vociferation. 
 
 616 5 au°-au" iiang; noisy bicker- 
 ing, i au"-au" jfang si cp-ni ? What are they 
 clamoring for ? au"-au°-kie ; the sound of 
 
 many voices as in strife. ta" tieh, i au"-au° 
 
 chang; if you say anything about it he makes 
 a great fuss. 
 
 — auh — 
 
 jhi^ jp^ auh-pauh Vexed, angry, irritated. 
 I PM L^C ^"^5 to lai auh-pauh ; is at 
 
 heart much displeased about it. to lai anh- 
 auh pauh-pauh ; very grouty. 
 
 — ba — 
 
 Protuberant. 
 
 ba ge ; khf ba-bk ; projecting 
 
 ^ 
 
10 
 
 DICTIONARY OF 'JHt: SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 froiifc teoth. tlulu-nilii-coi" no k^i khi iie ba- 
 ba; two pmjot-'tiiig incisors. si-kue in ba gg ; 
 tho watenuelon dreads protruding teeth. 
 
 J&tH ^^^ ^^^ The bow of a vessel. 
 
 j^ftj 96 5 i kai cun-tbau-ba cuang tlo 
 
 kbu; their bow was stove in. 
 
 ni ^^^ ^^ '^'^ gallop, to prance, to run 
 
 tl 607 6 fast, 
 ba ki.i khii, bo khun-kia" cu bft loh lai ; races 
 up iind presently races down again. hai i 
 
 kia" kau juan ba ; scared him so that he ran off 
 as fast as ever he could without considering 
 wIhmc he went. i thia° tieh, iue"-nie'' ba khu 
 cliii ko ta°; on hearing it he rushed off home to 
 tell it. 
 
 — bah — 
 
 W bah 180 Flesh ; naeat. 
 Jfl 300 bp kut b6 bah ; neither bone 
 Dor meat ; nothing to it but odor. b6 nek hC> 
 bah ; no meat on it. tu bah ; pork. 
 
 — b&i — 
 
 b&i 109 Tho eye brows, and what is 
 585 4^ Bhaped like them, 
 ni&k-bai ; eyebrows. ni&k bfii sa'-kak sa"- 
 
 kak ; heavy eyebrows. nifik-bfti khah I6ng; 
 
 eyebrows too bushy. bsu mo"; the hair of the 
 eyebrow. go bfti ; arched eyebrows. jio 
 
 bai ; to frown. tho-khi iang-biii ; in high 
 
 spirits, guoh bai ; the young moon. n\o bai ; 
 to scowl, bfii kill ; oblique eyebrows, bai sui- 
 Bui ; long eyebrows. bS.i thiiu, bai biie ; the 
 
 inner and outer end of the eyebrow. liu-hieh 
 b9.i ; beautiful arched eyebrows. bai ke ; 
 
 lowering eyebrows. 
 
 b&i 76 The lintel. 
 585 9 nmg bai ; lintel of a door, 
 chat bai ; a timber iu the eaves. 
 
 pjg^ bai 109 To look, with the eyes close 
 588 9 upon the object scrutinized. 
 mfi,k bu, bai m k\°; my eyes are dim and I can- 
 not see though I put my face close down to it. 
 bai khah kii, niak bu ; if you look at it too long 
 and closely your sight will become dim. i7i 
 
 ho bai khah thiam ; it is not well to scrutinize 
 it too closely. mai" ku-ku td bai ; do not be 
 always poring over it. 
 
 "yk^ bak 75 Wood ; timber ; wooden. 
 '^1^ 607 chlu-bak ; trees. hue-bak ; 
 shrubbery, chau-bak ; plants. bak-llo ; lum- 
 ber. bak-chie° : an artist who works in wood. 
 
 bak-kang sai-pe ; a carpenter. <6 bak-kang; 
 do carpeiitery. bak-ciiieh ; a cai'penter's foofc 
 rule. cek kp b&k kai ; made of a sin^^le piece 
 of wood. bfik-hie"; putchuck, used as medi- 
 cine. I)ak p6 ; the vegetable kingdom, the 
 wliole list of diameters l)aving this radical, 
 bak die"; the planet Jupiier. bak hi ; a puppet 
 show. fi kill chlu-bak diiu-thi"-si hit liieh, u 
 kh{ dilu-bslk tang-thi"-sS hieh cia" lut, u kliil 
 chiu-bfik bo mill lut hieh ; some shrubs shed 
 their leaves in autumn, some in winter, and 
 some do not shed them much at all. 
 
 l^ bflk 40 Close; imperforate; without 
 596 8 interstices ; occult, 
 soi I'ak ; of dose texture. thi* khu bftk-bak; 
 sewetl with fine stitdies. bak-c&k ; without 
 
 intersticeH. v{ kai p6 bak-c&k; this doth is 
 
 imporous. Via kai hiu" ai' bak htitig kfii ; T 
 
 want Hiy wadded jju-ket close-quilted in lines, 
 kau-duip khu ciu-bak; having a (lose and in- 
 timate relationship with each other. pin kaa 
 bfik-bAk ; interweave them closely so as to 
 leave no interstii-es. swn i pin khu b&k kai ; 
 select one that is dose plaited. hia t!di p&i 
 
 bak-bfik ; lay the tiles so as to leave no crevi- 
 ces. CO bak-bak ; make it so that there will 
 be.no chinks. j-fti bak c6 ; spread them close 
 together, ki-bak ; the real moving cause. 
 
 bilk 82 Ink; style, letters, writings. 
 f'^ GV'i 12 b&k 1°; an ink-stone. bakliA; 
 a box for prepared ink. b&k ap; a box hold- 
 ing cakes of ink. bak ke ; an ink i-ack. cek 
 tio bak ; a bar of ink. cek kp bak ; a cake of 
 ink. bak cui ; liquid ink. pit b&k ciui l'; 
 
 writing materials, bak sua"; a line made with 
 ink. bak- tau, a carpenter's line and reel, b^k 
 liu ; the cuttle fish. bak p6 ; dried cuttle fish, 
 bak khah kut; the ink is too thick, bak khah 
 chieh ; the ink is too thin, bak sia loh khu un ; 
 the ink spreads after writing. bak bua long 
 ce ; rub up a little more ink. fl sin bak ; all 
 
 lined and marked out. tSi loh bstk ; put pen 
 to paper. ci kai nang lid pit bak; this is a 
 
 good penman. bun bak kai nang; a student, 
 ai" sirt, ngi'a jl, tleh eng ho pit bak ; if you 
 would write a beautiful hand, you must use 
 good pens and ink. kia" bak lip co ieh ; Pe- 
 kinese ink is good as a medicine. ni bak-cui 
 kai p6 ; cloth colored in ink. bak-ciii ue ; 
 
 drawn in ink. ci kai bak si sim-mih kai co 
 
 kai ? Of what is this ink made ? hp cang o- 
 in CO bak; soot may be made into ink. b&k 
 
 lam-Iam ; the ink is glossy. bdk-bun-.sek ; a 
 very dark reddish brown, bak pai ; ink dried 
 on the stone. 
 
t)lCtlONAUY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 11 
 
 rtri bau 26 The fourth in the cycle of 
 ^jJ 581 T twelve, designutod by the 
 hare ; a terra ; the early morning, 
 bail si; from 5 to 7 o'rlock, A.AI. bau jit, baa 
 giieli, ban ni ; the day, the month, and the year, 
 designated in the cyele by the hare, baa khi ; 
 the periods designated by the hare. kau tieh 
 bau-si lio ; it is already tive o'clock in the morn- 
 ing, thi" kng in, jit chut Iniu ; dawn is from 
 three to five, and sunrise from tive to seven 
 o'clock. tang thi" bau put kien chau ; the 
 
 grass cannot be discerned before seven o'clock 
 in a winter's morning. baa ni se" kai nang, 
 
 si k\e-c6 sio" tho ; those born in the fourth year 
 of the cycle of twelve are called hares. tiara 
 bau ; to call the roll. go bau ; fail to be pre- 
 sent at roll-call. thoi ban ; 8ul)stitutes. in 
 bau ; ansvk-er by a substitute, pi ban ; recreant 
 debtors to government. cie" bau ; young 
 
 learners how to conduct public business, in the 
 yamun. i u bau mia" a bo ? Has he a name 
 
 among the learners at the yamun ? 
 
 ^ bau '72 The Pleiades. 
 Z^\^ 582 5 bau die" ; bau jit koi ; tho 
 Pleiades, bau che" hlk liap; the Pleiades are 
 six stars. 
 
 — be — 
 BE be 187 A horse ; cavalry ; warlike ; 
 >»>*/ 671 spirited ; the white knight in 
 chess. 
 
 cek ciah be ; cek phit be' ; one horse, khia be; 
 to ride a horse. be ko ; a stallion, be b(5 ; a 
 mare. toa be; a full grown horse. be kia°; 
 a colt, toa pak be ; a Mongolian horse, choi" 
 ]i be ; a swift courier ; a fast horse. be na° ; a 
 saddle. be pi") a horsewhip. be sph ; a 
 
 bridle, or halter. be chia ; a carriage drawn 
 by horses. be chiang ; a shed for horses, be 
 pang; a stable. be thua chia; horses draw 
 
 carts. be-lOng-thau ; the headstall. 10k be; 
 to guide a horse, lek tiig be tnau ; to rein the 
 horse about, lek cu be ; to i-ein up and stop a 
 horse. puah loh be ; to fall off a horse. be 
 hwn-to, ai" loh ho ; when the hor.ses roll it is 
 going to rain, be-lek-to ; a surcingle, be-tah- 
 teng; a stirrup. be-ua°-kie ; the pommel of a 
 saddle. be-phue ; a saddle-cloth. be-c6;a 
 manger. be lio ; be chau ; provender. be 
 
 than ; a pier. be lo ; a verandah. be th&u 
 cieh ; a stone landing. be hu ; khang be kai ; 
 a groom. liu be; to exercise a horse for its 
 
 health. ho be; a gentle horse. be toi ; a 
 
 horse's hoof ; the water-chestnut, be toi hun ; 
 flour made from the water-chestnut. be cang 
 mo"; horse's mane. teng be; an attendant 
 
 who rides ahead. pia° be; cavalry. be pia"; 
 mounted soldiers. nang-be coi ; there is a 
 
 great crowd. be than lo ; a gong sounded 
 
 before an official who is riding. 16h be teng; 
 a portico where riders dismount. cha be ; a 
 
 saw-horse, cien be ; a warhorse. hai be ; tho 
 sea-horse. phau be ; to gallop a horse. be 
 tau ; a race course. toa" pi" phit be ; a soli- 
 
 tary horseman, si be; an inspector of cavalry, 
 be tui ; a procession of horsemen. be keng; a 
 fancy dress parade. hfang be chak; mounted 
 robbers. khia koi b^ ; to i-ide on one's shoul- 
 der, be ka;n kie" ; tl-.e horse's bits. be-i"; a 
 high stool, sue kui" kha be-i", thoi" hi ; hired 
 a high trestle, to sit on and see the play. be- 
 cah-i" ; a folding chair, phah tie" be-cah-i" 1(5 
 CO ; spread a folding chair and sat down, cam 
 be to ; a long knife, used in war for cutting the 
 legs of cavalry horses. be tui ; a company of 
 cavalry. feng be; the part of a lamp which 
 
 carries the wick. pha cie" be; to mount a 
 
 hor.se. pha loh be ; dismount from a horse, 
 
 pha cie" be sin cu tieh khia; if you mount a 
 horse j'ou must ride him. be-keng fo khin 
 
 po-keng ; the bows used by the cavalry are 
 lighter than those used by the infantry. bJ- 
 ci" pi po-ci" io koi sia tieh ; the arrows used by 
 the cavalry are easier to shoot than are those 
 used by the infantry. mia" be ; a famous 
 
 horse; a noted person. chiah be; ko be; one 
 employed to do work that his employer ought 
 to do. CO be ; to do work that another ought 
 and is unable to do. kim bo pang be ; to for- 
 bid the employment of " ponies " at a literary 
 examination. liah tieh kiii kai be; caught 
 
 several " ponies." kia" khui ce, mai° khut be 
 thak tieh ; withdraw a little, so as not to bo 
 kicked by the horse. khut be tab tieh ; tread 
 upon by a horse; injured by an irresponsible 
 person. be pue in ju gu pue lin ; it is better 
 to be carried by an ox (from which you will 
 not fall) than by a horse (which will throw 
 you off), be ua" pi to be sin teng; the .saddle 
 is carried on the horse's back. gu chia, b^ 
 
 cai ; carried by oxen and horses. phau be .sia 
 ci" ; shoot arrows from the back of a horse run- 
 ning at full gallop, be niin ; long faced, lam 
 jin seng cun, pak jin khia be ; southerners tra- 
 vel by boat, and northerners on horse back, cp 
 kai be ; to stand with the knees bent and the 
 feet far apart. cp ke be ; to squat down, be 
 S,u phau ; reserve force. mai" chong i kai be' 
 than ; do not cross over in front of his horse, 
 khi be ; the horse that leads the procession, 
 cieh nang, cieh be ; statue of a man on horse 
 back. hiiara be hijara nang khia ; refractory 
 horses find reckless riders. ho be ra ciah hiie 
 
12 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 ihaa chaa; gentle horses do not turn their 
 heads to eat from stalls behind them. sa'- 
 
 klifi-be; a three legged stool. phah khui sa"- 
 kha-be; to unfold a stand having jointed legs, 
 i be, sim vvn ; a restless mind. ifig sph be ; a 
 rujiaway horse. tham be ; spies. bo gu, siii 
 be; if you have not an ox, you must use (he 
 horse. 'axg kU'U tliili chiu khui hue, be se" 
 
 kak ; wait tell iron trees blo.ssom, and horses 
 have horns. be uang ia ; a god, worshiped 
 
 by soldiers. be'-kiii ; the seven legged spider, 
 be-leng-khia ; a large spider that carries its 
 young in a nest attached to its belly. p6-be; 
 an artificial horse, used in theatres. cua-be ; 
 paper horses burned in idol worship. cau be 
 teng ; a revolving lantern. cf kai nang ho 
 
 keng be ; this man is expert in shooting with a 
 bow from on horseback, be khuai ; constables 
 who catch thieves. bo siu bo sSp, kio be-liu- 
 sin hie"-se"; as unkempt as a roving sprite, 
 cek ngan in chut, si be ITing tui ; when a word is 
 once spoken, a team of horses cannot bring it 
 back. ua t(5 kuah be cliau, lu t<5 tie" mi-ie°, 
 chap M co-p{i Ho, lia kai to boi pa ; I cut grass 
 for horses, and you tend sheep; if I stay along 
 with you my stomach will never be filled. 
 
 M 
 
 bd 112 Weights for weighing money 
 572 10 or goods ; figures, numerals 
 
 huap bfc-chin ; standard balances. si-be-chin ; 
 
 balances that weigh sixteen taels to the catty. 
 
 cok si-bd ; full weights ; the regular weights. 
 
 be-kia"; be-ci; weights for weighing money. 
 
 ji-be; figures; numerals. phah am be; put a 
 
 private mark on it. phah be-kia° ; write down 
 
 the figures. 
 
 beh 199 Wheat. 
 
 583 si'e bell ; common wheat, 
 toa bdh ; barley. .sa°-kak beh ; buckwheat. 
 
 beh-sQi ; an ear of wheat. beh-kp ; wheat 
 
 stubble. beh-kp-chan bo ; a hat made of 
 
 wheat straw, beh pho ; bran. beh hu; flour 
 made from parched wheat. beh choi ; coar.se 
 wheaten flour, beh kiie ; wheaten cakes, beh 
 luah ; strips of dried paste. kuah beh ; to 
 
 reap wheat. oi beh ; to grind wheat. phah 
 beh; sut bg!i ; to thresh wheat, beh ge; wheat 
 sprouts, used in medicine. 
 
 .^I^ hi 119 Rice, hulled but not cooked ; 
 /^|V 590 small grains. 
 pSh bi; clean hulled rice, chp bf; imperfectly 
 hulled rice, cut bi ; glutinous rice, ciam bi ; 
 water grown rice. he" bi ; dried prawns! 
 
 sie° ciah kai si ciam bl; water grown rice is 
 the kind that is commonly eaten. t§-bl ; dry 
 
 tea leaves. oi bi ; to bull rice. ceng bf ; to 
 pound rice, nie bf ; to measure rice, tiuh bf; 
 to buy rice. piia hi; to winnow rice. bi buo 
 oi, kie-cp chek ; rice that has not been passed 
 tlirough the hulling mill is called paddy. bf 
 cu Ho, bo am ksli kie cp pfig, fl am kai kie c6 
 raue"; cooked rice having no porridge with it is 
 called l)oiled rice, while that having porridge 
 with it is called congee. bi hiin ; rice flour. 
 
 bi ceng hu kie-co choi ; when rice is finely 
 pulverized it is called rice-flonr. bl-c-hoi ; 
 
 coar.se rice flour, bi hun kna"; vermicelli made 
 from rice flour. cut bi ci ; large cakes made 
 from glutinous rice, cut-bi i'; ciam-bi i' ; pel- 
 lets of boiled paste, made from rice flour. 
 
 bi 9 The position of a steelyard-bar, 
 f^ 877 5 when the body weighed is a 
 very little lighter than what is indicated by 
 the notch at which the steelyard weight ba- 
 lances it. 
 
 teng tieh io bt ; rather light weight. bQi khio 
 bi, pe° chin kue ; the beam tilts neither the one 
 way nor the other, but stands level, and thus 
 weighed I hand it over to yon. Hah pe'-pS' 
 le", mki" Hah khio bi ; treat them just alike, 
 Bhowing no more respect to the one than to the 
 other. 
 
 "™ bi 80 The sound made in calling 
 5F=r 1051 7 ducks— bi bi bi bi. 
 ah-b! ; a toy duck. 
 
 ^^fi^ hi 85 To dive ; to swim under water. 
 "i/JV 1149 6 bi cui ; to dive into the water, 
 bi kue khoi; swim across the river under water, 
 bl miieh-kia°; to dive and bring up things, bl 
 cui kai nang ; divers. bl tieh cek peh ngun ; 
 dived and brought up a hundred dollars. 6i 
 sia oi bi ; can swim both above and below the 
 surface. cek kai khiii, bl jieh ku ? How long 
 can one stay under water with but one inspira- 
 tion of breath ? 
 
 ■^bi. bl 75 The eighth in the cycle of 
 ^J\ 1052 1 twelve, symbolized by the goat, 
 bl si ; from 1 to 3 o'clock P.M. bi giieh ; the 
 6th month. bi ni ; the year of the goat, bl 
 
 ni chut si kie-cp sie" ie°; one bora in the year 
 of the goat is called a goat. 
 
 % 
 
 bi 30 To relish ; to take pleasure in ; 
 1053 6 a dainty ; taste, flavor, season- 
 ing, relish. 
 
 ngo-bi-ke ; a cruet-stand. ngo-bi ri ; the seed 
 of the Kitdsura Chinensis, in which the five 
 tastes are supposed to reside : it is used in me- 
 dicine, kiam, sng, tiam, hiam, kho, ciu si 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 13 
 
 ngo bi ; salt, sour, sweet, pungent, and bitter, 
 are the five tastes. bo bi bo so ; insipid. h<5 
 bl-s6 ; delicious. bp cu bi ; very toothsome, 
 
 sit bi ; lose flavor. cau bi ; its flavor has de- 
 parted, ia bi; a gamey flavor ; delicacies of the 
 forest. sua" tien bai In ; delicacies from land 
 and sea. hah bi, in hah bi ; palatable, or un- 
 palatable, bi ho ; it tastes good, khi-bi ; the 
 savor. bo niih bi ; rather insipid. chau ip 
 bi ; a close smell ; musty. khi bi ; luscious, 
 
 kph bi ; changed its flavor. hi phi" tieh sim- 
 mih 1)1 : you smell and see vi'hether it is good, 
 chau kai bi, phang kai bi ; a bad smell or a 
 good smell, koi" bi ce ; season it a little more, 
 lleh u ci ie° loh khu ab bi ; you must add this, 
 to niake the taste just right. cie^-se" io u bi ; 
 thus it is more relishable. b6 bi ; insipid ; it 
 does not affect me particularly. ci kai nang 
 bo 1 ang bi ; this fellow is not human. bo cu 
 bi ; no taste for the beautie.- of books. slt-cai 
 u hia''-tl bi ; has truly a fraternal disposition, 
 cbvvn bo ang-cia bi ; wholly destitute of con- 
 jugal tastes. sin bi ; the first of the season, 
 lau bi ; old fruits. mui bi ; well-flavored, 
 chu-bi; pretty, amusing, interesting. 
 
 — bie — 
 
 •IrH* bie 64 To trace, to limn, to sketch. 
 J pq 591 T bie ji ; to trace letters through 
 paper. bie sfa ; to trace letters, laying thin 
 
 paper over the characters to be copied. bie i 
 kai ie°; limn its likeness, bie kau sio ; sketch- 
 ed a good likeness. 
 
 ffiQ bie 147 To peek ; to peep ; to espy. 
 lil^ 1011 11 i to bie thoi" u khang-khiah 
 a bo ; he comes and peeps about to see if there 
 is any chink for him to see through. lu mai° 
 lai to bie thoi", ua cai ; you need not come and 
 spy around, 1 know you are there, i tia°-tieh lai 
 bie thoi", nang thau-soi° fl i ; as he is sure to 
 come spying around, we will prepare for him 
 beforehand, bo bie ; no peeking allowed. 
 
 B^^ bie 109 The eyes half shut ; to squint. 
 § 951 T^ mak bie-bie ; squint-eyed, 
 inak tie" kau bie-ble ; she afl^ects languor by 
 keeping her eyelids half closed. 
 
 bie 53 A temple ; a fane. 
 
 592 12 thai bie ; the impei'ial ances- 
 tral temple. ke bie ; c6 bie ; an ancestral 
 temple. sin bie ; an idol temple. bie u ; 
 temples of every kind, cek co bie ; one temple, 
 bun bie ; a temple where civil oflBcers worship, 
 bu bie ; a temple where warriors worship, bie 
 cok; a temple curator, a sexton. sin khi bie ; 
 
 newly built temples. sia"-hng bie; the muni- 
 cipal temple in a walled city. th6-(I bio ; the 
 temple of the local god. ehe"-leng bie; tem- 
 ple of the green dragon. jip bie sie hie" ; go 
 into the temple to burn incense. khu keng- 
 bie ko pai, cab ngun-tia", hie", cek; go to the 
 temple to worship, taking spirit-money, in- 
 cense, and candles. 
 
 — bih — 
 
 bib 63 Flat, thin, flattened out. 
 
 6ii7 5 i kai thau bih-bih ; it has a 
 flat head, khoih bih-bih; to flatten by squeez- 
 ing between two boards. te° bih ; squeezed 
 flat. teh bih ; crushed flat. khut nang lun 
 kau bih-bih ; trampled flat by people. 
 
 A-j^ bih 9_ To crouch down ; to lie per- 
 |/\ 162 4 due ; to crouch for the purpose 
 of concealment. 
 
 ce bih ke cu tok i m tieh ; as he crouched, the 
 knife failed to hit him. me"-me" bih-cau ; 
 
 ran away quickly crouching out of sight, bih 
 kau nang chfle m tieh ; hid away so that he 
 could not be found, koi bih loh khu ; the hen 
 squats in order to get out of sight. i am-ce" 
 bih cek chiu ke-hue to hu-kp ; he secretly con- 
 cealed a pile of weapons there. 
 
 ^^glT bih 118 Bamboos or reeds split into 
 
 h^'Q 593 11 strips ; splints ; slats. 
 
 i to phua tek bih ; he is making splints. cfa 
 
 ai" bih-cho" kai a bih-nng kai ? Would you use 
 
 the outer or the inner portion of the bamboo 
 
 for this ? thang-kho bih ; slats used for 
 
 bucket-hoops. 
 
 — bio — 
 
 j>|^ bio 38 Wonderful ; subtle ; myster- 
 692 4 ious. 
 bio cS,i ; very wonderful, sim bio ; very subtle, 
 keng bio ; more difiicult to fathom. kek bio; 
 extremely abstruse, au-bio ; mysterious, kha 
 bio ; ingenious. bio huap ; an admirable me- 
 thod, bio chi'u ; a skilled artist or physician, 
 bio koi ; a capital scheme. khi bio ; surpri- 
 
 singly clever. bio sie"; subtle thought. bio 
 pin ; a fine thing, bio ieh ; a wonderful remedy, 
 sin bio ; supernatural. sin bio bo pi; incom- 
 parably perfect. 
 
 — bit — 
 
 bit 142 Honey ; nectar ; sugary. 
 
 596 8 phang-bit ; honey. bit- 
 
 phang; honey-bees, bit-lah ; bees-wax. pp-16- 
 bit ; the ja( k-fruit. peh bit ; white honey, 
 
 eph bit ; pure white honey. ISu bit ; old honey. 
 
14 
 
 DICTIONAET OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 tang bit ; honey made in winter. bit kng ; 
 
 honey jar. kuah b!t ; to take up honey, bit- 
 phang tu ; bee-hives. bit cira ; pre.served in 
 honey, iigau bit ; steeped in honey. tui bit; 
 made into a paste with honey, bit thang ka°; 
 sugary oranges. bit sek ; straw-color. khph 
 bit; prepared lioney. ki chin ju buah bit ; a 
 mouth speaking honied words. bit sai ; bee- 
 bread, bit phoh ; honey-comb, bit sin ; cells 
 in honey comb. 
 
 bit 85 To submerge ; to sink in. 
 
 593 10 16h khu bit thau bit hiah, 
 hfam-hfam kek si ; sank in over head and ears 
 and came very near being drowned, khta loh 
 khu, bit pin ll-ko ? When you stand in it, how 
 far up does it reach ? tab loh khu, bit kau 
 
 kha-thau-u ; stepped on it, and sank up to my 
 knees. 6i-t6i kui^-kiii", tab 16h khu hwn-lio 
 bit khu ; tliough the soles of my shoes were 
 very high, 1 still sank to their tops when I step- 
 pod on it. 
 
 — bo — 
 
 b6 88 A wife, nng bo; husband and 
 866 5 wife, bo kia°; wife and child- 
 ren, chua bo ; marry a wife. sieh bo ; be 
 kind to a wife, iii h6; afraid of a wife, chau- 
 thau kai bo ; his first wife. ki chii kai bo ; 
 
 ciap ki k&i bo ; inferior wife. Su b6 ; second 
 wife. soi" kai bo hd, 5u k&i b6 ili-hd ; his 
 
 former wife was a good one, his pre.sent wife is 
 not. cang cau-kia° ke khut i co bd ; gave his 
 daughter to him to be his wife, chua i kfti a- 
 ko CO bo ; married his aunt. i kai b6 si lin 
 
 kai pie kai ; his wife is our cousin. b<5 kai ci- 
 nitie kie-co chi-i; a wife's sisters are called 
 sisters-in-law. 
 
 "lll^ bo 102 The Chinese acre, which is 
 iHAi 588 6 733 I square yards, or about 
 one sixth of an English acre, 
 chan bo; rice fields, cek bo tl ; an acre of 
 
 land. cek khwn si cek peh bd ; the largest 
 
 land mea.sure is one hundred acres. ni'n hak 
 u jieh coi bo chan-hng ? How many acres of 
 arrable land do you own ? ci'-kd kai chan, ke 
 hue, hak u jieh coi bd ? Of] the fields about 
 here, how many acres are owned by those 
 who own the most ? bd ti, cia ka u jieh coi 
 
 thng ? How much sugar can you get from an 
 acre of sugar cane? cia" cap bd ti hun-kuah ; 
 about ten acres of sweet potatoes. ci ko chu- 
 ti u cap bd khuah ; this building lot contains 
 ten acres. ci kai ti cie° khuah, cek ni eng lap 
 jieh coi bd chan nie ? On a piece of land as 
 large as this how much must be paid annually 
 
 in taxes ? wn-nie si cie bd sJQg-sio ; govern- 
 ment taxes are reckoned according to the 
 number of acres. un ci'-kp kai ti pi nin kp io 
 hd reng-coh, cek bd siu ke cek ue; our land here 
 is better than is yours for agriculture, and we 
 can get twice as much from it. ci kp chan 
 
 thdi" tieh bd-sia" io dih ; I should think this lot 
 the smaller. 
 
 peony 
 
 bd 98 bd-toa"; the peony. 
 
 588 8 bd-toa" phue ; the bark of the 
 
 used in medicine. 
 
 Atlf ^^ '^^ "^ mold ; a form or guide to go 
 
 ^^ 605 11 by; a pattern. 
 
 in k&i c-ng-thau bo; to set one's signature by 
 
 pressing the inked thumb on a document. cu 
 
 tia" kai tiii"-b6 ; the molds used in casting iron 
 
 pans ; thd bd ; a clay mold. cieh bd ; a stone 
 
 mold. 
 
 bd 116 The vault of heaven, refer- 
 667 12 ring to its arched expanse, 
 am-bd; over-arching; rounding upward; a space 
 hollowed out. i k4i Io" am-bo am-bd ; it is of a 
 vaultlike shape. miii" cp khah am-bd ; do not 
 make it so that it rounds upward too raach. 
 
 rljr bo 62 The fifth in the cycle of ten ; 
 />W 1062 1 it relates to earth, 
 bo si sdk c&p thien-kang. ci cap kai si thien- 
 kaug, sdk iang; hu c^p-jl k^i si ti-ci", sdk im ; 
 these ten are the heavenly cycle, and pertain to 
 the male principle in nature ; those twelve are 
 the earthly cycle and pertain to the female 
 principle in nature. cftp thien-kang, Ijii phui 
 c&p-jl tl-ci°, eng kku lak-cap kai cQ kau ; the 
 cycle of ten reckoned ten times, matches the 
 cycle of twelve reckoned five times. 
 
 — bdi — 
 
 bdi 154 To buy. 
 
 573 6 bdi hiie ; bays goods. bdi 
 siu ; to buy in. bdi cak ; bought the full 
 
 quantity. bdi poi"; to purvey; a comprador, 
 bdi kaucuang; bays wholesale. cham chui 
 bdi ; to buy at retail or buy piecemeal. bdi 
 
 pin lio ; bought and made ready. cp bdi boi ; 
 be a trader. bdi boi seng-li ; the bnsine.ss of 
 a merchant. siu bdi kd-tdng ; curiosities 
 
 bought here, bdi lai kui, boi khu phi"; bought 
 dear and sold cheap. bdi chiah-kha ; bought 
 a concubine. bdi chiah-kha kia"; bought a 
 
 female slave. bdi .«ua°; buy thread ; employ a 
 detective. bdi jip boi chat ; buy in and sell 
 
 out. bdi hdk ndng sim ; win people's hearts, 
 bdi si i kai sim ; get complete possession of his 
 affections. bdi chan-hng chu-ok ; buy land 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 15 
 
 and houses, 
 trade. 
 
 i to bdi boi ; he is engaged in 
 
 *&i^ ~~T* boi Cannot; unable ; incapable. 
 nkj ^"^ 616 ioiaboi? Can he or can 
 he not ? lia boi ; I cannot do it. liai i boi ciah 
 boi ut ; caused him to lose both appetite and 
 sleep. kliali tang, boi ta°; it is too heavy, I 
 
 cannot carry it. >7i cai i oi a boi; do not know 
 whether he is able to do it or not. 
 
 ^^ boi 154 To sell. 
 
 ^^ 574 8 boi tio ; sold off. boi m khu ; 
 cannot sell. ai" boi, bo nang ai"; wants to sell 
 it bat nobody wants it. m kam boi ; not will- 
 ing to sell it. boi rae°; evening sales. chut 
 boi ; for sale. chain-chui bo boi ; will not sell 
 at retail, boi kau cuang; sell wholesale, kau 
 kia° cVa" u boi ; sold only by the lot. boi sin ; 
 sold himself. tau boi taa boi ; trade in con- 
 traband articles. boi tu-kia"; sell pigs ; sell 
 into foreign servitude, hwn boi nang khau ; 
 sell girls into brothels. boi nang-cheng khut 
 i ; to curry favor, boi chut ceng-ceng ci"; sell 
 for cash. boi sih png ; sell at less than cost, 
 khut i boi; betrayed by him. boi kok ; betray 
 one's country. si boi si boi ; sold as soon as 
 bought. boi lien ; barter one's honor. boi 
 pang; let prisoners away. boi bo ke kia" kai 
 ci" i to ai°; he will take the price of his wife 
 and children- 
 
 — ho — 
 
 . VtI^ bp 80 A mother ; a dara ; that which 
 •■^ 605 1 produces ; the source of. 
 i kai a-bp ; his mother, i bp bp ; he is mother- 
 less, sio i a-bp ; resembles his mother, keng- 
 hau pe-bp ; filial conduct toward parents. bp 
 chin ; own mother. cu bp ; my master's wife, 
 kok bp ; the empress- dowager. ngak bp ; a 
 
 wife's mother. S,u b(5 ; step-mother, tek bp ; 
 the chief wife of one's father, ki bp ; the second 
 wife of one's father, the first being dead. su 
 bp ; an inferior wife of one's father, chut bp ; 
 a rejected wife of one's father. jii bp ; ni bp ; 
 a foster mother. se" bp ; the own mother of 
 one whose father has several wives, iang bp ; 
 mother, by adoption. chu l>p ; loving mother, 
 cai bp ; midwife. ko a-b(5 ; an old woman 
 
 employed as housekeeper. cu png bp ; an old 
 female domestic. 15q b<5 ; an aged mother, 
 
 cu bp hwn ; a link consisting of a large and 
 small ring. jT b<5 ; the radicals in Chinese 
 
 characters, cio bp ; the mother bird, koi bp ; 
 a hen. to. bp ; a sow, gu bp ; a cow, be b<5 ; 
 a mare. thi" ti pe bp ; Father Heaven and 
 
 Mother Earth. mak bo ; useless eyes. b6 
 
 kiie lu cfa ma,k bp le ! There they were under 
 your useless eyes ! b(5 ci"; bd ngun ; capital. 
 b(5 lai ; capital and interest. b(5 thau ; the ori- 
 ginal capital. tang bp, m tang liii ; the same 
 capital but not the same income, bo bd, kang- 
 kang lai ; has no capital, but only his earnings, 
 bd se° lai, lai se° bp ; capital produces interest 
 and interest produces capital. lai khi bp, b<5 
 khi Ijli ; the interest increases the capital, and 
 then the capitnl increases the interest, so" ua 
 cek peh ngun bp ; lent me a hundred dollars on 
 interest. ngiak bp ; the source of the disease, 
 mo" ju-ju kio kiii-bd teii ie"; hair touseled like 
 an elf's. sui bp ke pe ; came with his mother 
 when she married his father. b(5-bp ne ; a 
 
 girlish boy ; effeminate ; clinging to his mother. 
 
 JtL bo 80 A prohibitive negative adveib. 
 Ty* 1060 bp lu jip lai; will not allow 
 you to enter. bp i t£g kliu ; will not let him 
 return. bo lu cp, ciu si ! You shall not sit 
 
 down, so there ! bo ui tek si ; do not oppo.se 
 this special edict. 
 
 &A^ bo 86 Kw adverb of negation ; with- 
 ^\\\ 1059 8 out ; destitute of; none; not. 
 i u a bp ? Has he any or not ? bo ; there are none, 
 bo nang cp ; nobod}" makes any. bp pua° kai ; 
 there is not even half of one. i bp a-bp ; he 
 
 is motherless. bo tang se" u ; made out of 
 
 nothing ; unfounded. bp khp n^i ho ; there is 
 no help for it. bo i tit tieh kfii ; gotten un- 
 
 expectedly, bo sim ; no interest in it. bp 
 huap; bp po; there is no way to remedy it. bp 
 eng ; useless. bo cp-ni ; nothing at all. i bp 
 co-ni ta°; he did not say anything about it. bd 
 heng bo sie"; no form nor likeness. bp su ; no 
 business on hand. bo su phi"; no selfish end 
 in view, ciang bo cp u; make much ado about 
 nothing. bp mih kxen-sek ; not much ex- 
 
 pei'ience, bo sim miJi hp ; not very good, al" 
 bo lio ; is almost gone or nearly used up. b6 
 ia bo ciah ; there is not a particle of truth in it. 
 cia bo ta i ua ; nothing can be done about it. 
 i bo ta ua ua ; what I do is nothing to him. 
 cia ua bo ta lu ua ; I have no way to prevent 
 your doing so. lu bp ta lia ua ; 3'Oa have no 
 control over me. pheng-teng kai nang 10 c5i 
 ta" cia ue, cie°-e-piie ciu bo mih coi ta" cia ue ; 
 this is said most frequently by equals to each 
 other, those of unequal rank or age do not very 
 often speak thus, bo tia" tieh ; it is uncertain, 
 bp cS,a hue ; no chance. bo ke kai ; there are 
 no more. huh-ce-kie bo khu ; suddenly dis- 
 appeared, hp kai bp lio ; the good ones are 
 all used up. bo pua" nang to ; there was not 
 a single soul there. i b6 ai" lai ; he does notS 
 
16 
 
 DICTIONAKY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 intend to come, i b6 ue h6 ta°; he had nothing 
 to say. i bo sira-mih hua''-hi ; he was not veiy 
 well pleased, i bo mill pat ; he doe.s not know 
 much about it. loh bo khaiig-khiie ; work 
 
 without accompliKliiiig anything. bo thang 
 
 lio eheng ; has nothing to wear, bo iah ; of no 
 benefit. b6 hie" ngia ; not so handsome. G si 
 fl, u si b6 ; sometimes (here i.s, and sometimes 
 there is not. bo (U-clieh hd tliak ; have uo 
 
 book to rend. b6 chii hd khla-klii; no house 
 to dwell in. b6 kfa" \\6 ng ; no sons to depend 
 upon, phien i b6 ; de(;eived him into thinking 
 tliere was none. i bd co ; he does not. nmko 
 
 any. bo Qa hng ; not very far. hd kie, bo lai ; 
 if he is not called lie will not come. a si b6, 
 hd khu boi ; if there are none, go and buy some, 
 lia bo me" i ; I did not revile him. ua bo 
 
 khieh ; I did not take it. b6 d" b6 ngfin ; 
 
 neither cash nor dollars. bo ang bo ki'a*; 
 
 neither husband nor children. lia la bo; I 
 
 also am destitute of then). lia b6, hi la bd ; 
 
 neither you nor I have any. cek ni bo sie bd 
 sit; there has been no tidings from liim for a 
 wliole year. bo sin-khi ; spiritless ; lacking 
 
 vigor. bd slm-mih li-iah ; of no special 
 
 benefit. ciam-clam bo khu; gradually dis- 
 
 appeared, ciah kau bd ; ate it all up. lid cek 
 ti'ain cha-chd; not the least mistake in it. iS 
 sini-niih chiet-io a bd ? Is there anything es- 
 pecially important ? bo nang cai ; nobody 
 knows. bd much hd eng ; have nothing to 
 use. bo ko hd hiah ; nowhere to stop. bd kd 
 lid pang; no place to put it in. <-hun bd ; no 
 remainder. chiin bd cek sut-kia"; scarcely a 
 bit left. bo u pat ksli ; there is no other one. 
 bo i bd ko ; notliing to depend upon. khau- 
 sueh bd peng; explanation does not serve for 
 proof, bd peng-kfi ; without proof. bd bl bd 
 so ; insipid ; useless. bo chai-chfing; stolid, 
 lia bd u su ; I am not concerned in it. bd than 
 bo bvie ; without method; having no systematic 
 arrangement. thd bo ; demanded it but got 
 nothing. si fi a st bd ? Is it to be or not ? 
 bd kd hd ta"; did not know what to say next, 
 bd mill u ; not mndi of it. bo toa, bd sdi ; no 
 distinction of rank. bd ci'a bd lu'a ; none of 
 the necessary appliances. bd sia" bd tia"; no 
 certainty about it. bo kui" bd ke ; level. bd 
 khin bo tfing ; without partiality. bd tng bd 
 i6 ; just exactly the right length. bd kua" 
 bd jiiah ; just a pleasant temperature. bo 
 cbeng bo su ; no politeness. bd khiong ; in- 
 exhaustible, bd chgng bd if ; no correct 
 principles. 
 
 IP 
 
 S bd 50 A cap, hat, bonnet or hood. 
 H 582 9 ti bd ; wear a hat. pak tio bd ; 
 
 to take off a cap. toa bd ; the hat worn in 
 
 making formal visits. sie bo ; a skull-cap. 
 
 bd kia"; a turban or bonnet. jvng eng bd ; 
 
 a hat with a red tasslo. liangbd ; a light cap. 
 tang bo ; winter hat. tg\\ bd ; a fur bonnet, 
 
 huang bd ; a cloth uood. ci° bd ; a felt hat. 
 
 sai-thftu bd; a bonnet, with ears, worn by 
 cliildren. chiiu bo ; a straw hat. uang b5, a 
 king's crown. thai-«u bd, a coronet. huang. 
 ti bd ; an imperial crown. cam-eng bd ; a 
 helmet, se bo ; official caps, m kii se bo ; re- 
 gardless of emolument. chic bo ; hats worn 
 at court. 
 
 bo 112 A mill for grinding grain. 
 
 C02 11 oi bO; turn amill. phah bd ; 
 
 cut the stones for a mill, bo c&i ; the pivot of 
 a mill-stone. cui bo ; a mill turned by water, 
 cieh bo ; a stone mill. Ld khi ; the cogs on a 
 mill-stone: bo-e-tun ; the nether millstone. 
 
 — bii — 
 
 bii 13H Posture-making. 
 1062 8 thio-bii ; dancing and tumbling, 
 ko-bu ; singing and dancing. bii kiam ; fenc- 
 ing, bii-long ; play a doable part, bii-pl ; sur- 
 reptitiously, kd bii ; pantomimes, bu it ; per- 
 form as mummers, who act in relays of eight, 
 at the worship of ancestors. 
 
 bu 64 To pacify ; to soothe ; manage. 
 f%vi 145 12 bu-iang ; to rear or nurture, 
 t&ng sdi bii-iang kau toa; reared up from child- 
 liood. ua"-bii peh-se"; to manage the people, 
 bu-i" ; bu-thai ; sun-bti ; the governor of a 
 province. 
 
 bii 77 Military ; warlike ; martial. 
 1061 4 bun bii; civil and military, 
 bii kua"; bii ciang; military officers. bii- 
 
 thdng ; cadets. khi bun, c!a bu ; discard the 
 civil service and enter the military. oh bii ; 
 learn military tactics. oh bu goi ; learn to be 
 a soldier. bii hu ; a soldierly man. lien bu ; 
 practised in warfare. bii tie"; an arena for 
 
 military trials. eng-hiong bo eng-bii cu ti ; 
 
 a valiant man without a field to make con- 
 quests in. bun bu hiie ; intense heat. bii- 
 t\Vn hie"-li ; to intimidate the villages. bun 
 bii hak ; civil and military authority. ta bu 
 sin ; dress in military costume. boi bii ; a 
 
 mock battle, bu cien ; prepared as for a fight. 
 ka bii ; instruct in military tactics. bii-bu 
 
 ne ; a martial air. io-bu iang-ui ; martial 
 
 splendor and dignity. bu ia"; a military 
 
 camp. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE BWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 17 
 
 iM^ bii 64 To attack with weapons ; to 
 .^p*- 395 13 charge upon, 
 i khia ki thui cu bu kliu ; he took a club and 
 charged upon them. i khut i bu puah loh 
 
 khu ; they were knocked down bj his onset. 
 bu si; to set upon and kill. 
 
 ^B ^^^ 1^ "^ parrot that can talk. 
 '**^'w**/ 1061 7 eng-bii; a parrot. pgh eiig- 
 bu ; a cockatoo. eng-bu 6i ta° Oe, hwn sng si 
 cio ; though parrots can talk they are still 
 reckoned among birds. 
 
 bu 9 To ridicule and neglect. 
 1061 7 bu-loiig ; to make game of. bii- 
 bvvn ; to lord it over. 
 
 Mbu 156 To carry the head high; high 
 414 2" and mighty, 
 thoi" tieh bii-bii ; appears very gallant. sin- 
 sip kaa ne bu-bii ; apparelled in such a way as 
 to appear very menacing. 
 
 TlT bu 48 Enchantment ; magic. 
 — I * 1059 4 lam-bu ; a wizzard. n 
 
 a witch. 
 
 nng-bu ; 
 
 II 
 
 bu 149 To affirm what is false, with 
 P_L* 1059 7 malicious intentions ; to in 
 
 culpate falsely; to invent a staleraent; to 
 calumniate. bu-lua nang ; to implicate un- 
 
 justly, bu ham ; to involve so as to injure, 
 
 bu si, hok min ; delude the people. bu-ko ai" 
 hwn CO, ku-chu rn ho bu-ko nang ; a lying charge 
 brings down its punishment on the accuser, 
 therefore make no lying charges. ili ho bu 
 
 Hang ui tau, m ho bu liang ui chiang ; do not 
 falsely accuse the upright of theft and the pure 
 of lewdness. pi nang bu kai ; subjected to a 
 false accusation. 
 
 bu 53 A porch or vestibule. 
 'jn\ 1062 12 liang bu ; a summer portico, 
 tang bu, sai bu ; east and west piazzas. iSi bu, 
 gtia bu ; inner and outer galleries. 
 
 ^mt ^^ }^9. Overgrown with weeds. 
 V»^ 1059 12 chan-hng huang-bii ; neglected 
 fields. 
 
 ^^ bii 19 To bend the mind to a subject; 
 \J// 1062 8 to strive after; concerns ; busi- 
 ness ; an intensive particle ; certainly. 
 6^-bu ; business, kong bu ; public affairs, ke 
 bu ; domestic concerns. cwn bii thak cu ; 
 
 devoted to study. co m tieh bii pun ; in the 
 transaction of business there must be undivided 
 attention, long bii; agricultural affairs, gua 
 
 bS ; extraneous sources of profit. bii gfla ; 
 attend to outside concerns, bii-pit tieh (^"-se"; 
 it is necessarily so. bii-sn tieh n& kp ; must 
 
 certainly stay, bu-pit ; indispensable. su-bii 
 coi; has many functions; has much to attend to. 
 
 bu 169 To blurt forth ; to fire upon ; 
 
 234 14 to destroy as a cannon does, 
 i kai chu kliut toa phaa bu to kliu; his house 
 was blown down by the cannon, bii si kui cap 
 Tthng ; killed several tens of persons by the 
 blast. bu tim i kai ciin ; sunk their ship by 
 firing upon it. c/a phau khah soi ki, bu i 
 
 bo bl ; this cannon is too small, firing it has no 
 effect. bii kau i kai la° chap-chap-clmi ; fired 
 upon their intrenchment and blew it to pieces. 
 
 To blow out of the mouth in 
 the form of vapor ; to spurt 
 
 P§ ba 30 
 M 830 12 
 out of the mouth, 
 bu ciii lio cia" ho sau <0; spurt water out of the 
 mouth to settle the dust, and then you may 
 sweep the floor, ciah cui-hun bu tam to; those 
 who smoke strong tobacco spit all over the 
 floor. 
 
 bu 173 Mist ; vapor in the air. 
 1062 10 hun-bu; misty, hwt bu ; be- 
 misty. mong-bu mong-bu ; very foggy, 
 u-bn, ai" loh ho ; the sky is cloudy, it is 
 to rain, in-bu; steam, sua" khut bu cah 
 the view of the land is cut off by the 
 pin koi" ba-ba, li hng ciu thoi" rn ki" ; 
 r is full of mist, so that you cannot see 
 
 going 
 tieh 
 vapor 
 the ai 
 far. 
 
 ^^C bu J09 Dim ; bedimmed. 
 
 ^^ 688 9 mak bu-bii; my eyes are dim. 
 mak thoi" tieh peh-bu peh-bu ; his vision is 
 clouded. 
 
 bu 120 New and lustrous like white 
 
 141 4 silk, 
 peh-bu, peh-bu ; clean and bright, peh kau Qi 
 bu ; of dazzling whiteness. 
 
 — bila — 
 
 bua 112 To grind ; to polish ; to over- 
 602 11 bear; to reduce to powder, 
 biia cieh ; a grind-stone, bua to cieh ; a whet- 
 stone, biia lai-lai ; sharpen by grinding, biia 
 pgh-peh ; scour it white, biia pe"-pe"; grind it 
 till it is even, biia ciam-ciam ; grind it off to 
 a point. biia poh-poh ; grind it down thin, 
 
 biia to ; (o grind a knife, biia cheng ; polish a 
 gun. biia kia"; polish a mirror. biia kau ne 
 kim-kim; polish to a great brilliancy, eng ieh 
 
18 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 bfia kh,n ne kng-kng, cie-ki" nang; use powder 
 and rub it till it is very smooth, so you can see 
 your face in it. cieh bua kau kng-kut kng- 
 
 kut ; polish stones so that they shine. bfta 
 
 liun-kuah hiin ; make potato flour, bua khara; 
 to scan, in order to criminate the writer of a 
 docninont. bua lien; to pass through affliction. 
 raai° bua khah thiam; do not grind him down 
 too severely, bua-lek khah thfam ; treated him 
 with too extreme harshness, bfia-l'li nang; to 
 overbear people, bua kau Bi; to treat so harshly 
 as to kill, kang ji chut thAu, biia cia° Iftu k&u; 
 when working people make themselves conspi- 
 cuons they will got reduced to the condition 
 of apes. 
 
 /^l baa 18 To drudge; to toil hard; to 
 >V 607 10 moil. 
 
 bua me° ; to do niglit work. mai" bfia khah 
 thiam ; do not toil (oo closely. bOa khah hek 
 cu ai" sie" tieh ; if you moil too severely you 
 will suffer for it afterward. 
 
 i)r 
 
 bua 162 To approach ; to bring near ; 
 
 401 4 close beside ; near to. 
 
 cha Ml bua ; cannot bring them together, mki 
 
 c6 khah bda ; do not sit too close to it. kia' 
 
 bfia lai sin pi"; come up close beside rao. c<in 
 
 sal bua kham-kha ; sail the boat close up to 
 the bank. 
 
 n 
 
 — buah — 
 
 buah 64 To smear ; to daub ; to rub 
 604 6 on ; to wipe away, 
 buah hiin ; lay on a white cosmetic. buah in- 
 111 ; to put on rouge. buah ieh ; to rub with a 
 medicine, buah ieh-ko ; smear with ointment, 
 buah pit ; to .smear the pen in the ink. cang 
 iu buah thau-nio"; to put oil on the hair, buah 
 iu ; annoint. buah khui ; to wipe away, chi'u 
 buah m khui, khia ki to lai kio ; if you cannot 
 wipe it off with you hand, get a knife and 
 scrape it off. buah tio ; to erase by wiping ; 
 to blot out. 
 
 To set aside for a special 
 purpose ; to detach ; to dis- 
 
 plan flxed upon. buah kang lai ; come in at 
 an interlude in the work. bnah phang \ki ; 
 
 come when there is an interval of leisure. 
 
 "zt buah 75 Fine dust ; powder. 
 '^V 604 1 ieh buah ; medicinal pow- 
 ders, ngoi bfiah ; bmy into powder. ai° ngoi 
 CO soi buah (ieh ngoi iu''-iu"; if you wish to 
 make fine powder, you must pulverize it till it 
 is very small. ngoi bfiah lio, kap co ieh-i'; 
 
 when you have brayed it into a fine powder, 
 then work it up into pills. buah ieh-bilah ; 
 
 apply a medicinal powder. 
 
 ■j^tS^ buah 64 
 IS* 708 12 
 pose according to a plan, 
 buah CO kiii ko eng ; apportion for use in se- 
 veral places. hun-buah tia"-lieh li'o ; already 
 apportioned, cek kp ai" buah jieh coi nang 
 
 khu ? How many persons are to be sent to 
 each place ? buah t3 jieh coi pia" lai ? How 
 
 many soldiers are detached for this ? buah ci 
 nfi.ug khu hu ko ; appoint this man to go there, 
 buah to cek p6i°; set on one side, hun-buah m 
 khui ; could not distribute according to the 
 
 buah 167 
 709 6 
 ing the cymbals. 
 
 Cymbals. 
 
 i t<$ phah buah ; he is soand- 
 
 — biiang — 
 
 ^ 7^ biiang 88 Disorderly ; unseemly ; 
 ^^% 1045 8 wild ; reckless, 
 khuang-buang cfti ; frantically. biiang co, 
 
 biiang ui; disorderly conduct. biiang (fi cun 
 toa; wildly boast of one's self. chka biiang ; 
 unseemly, chwn bo biiang suah peh-se°; never 
 executes people without reason. ue mai' 
 
 biiang ta"; do not talk at random. 
 
 *r*~^ buang 61 To disregard ; to forget or 
 IUa^ 1044 8 neglect, 
 buang piin ; forget a benefactor or parent, 
 buang un, hfi ngl ; be ungrateful. put I6ng 
 
 buang chSng ; I can never forget this kindness. 
 Q k&i kjen buang kai pe"; is very forgetful, or 
 absent minded. cek si buang-k\"; it slipped 
 my mind at the moment. 
 
 -| ^ ■*• buang 8 Destroyed ; lost ; utterly 
 
 L^ 1044 1 gone, 
 sf buang; dead and gone. tin buang; 
 
 destroyed in battle. pai buang; utterly 
 
 defeated, chut buang ; a forgotten fugitive in 
 other lands, as a refugee prince. buang mla'; 
 a ruined life, buang kok ; an extinct dynasty, 
 pai kok buang ke ; subvert the kingdom and 
 destroy the house. mit buang ; no tiuce left. 
 
 buang 74 The full of the moon. 
 Iu45 7 suak buang ; the first and 
 the fifteenth of the month. cap-ugo jit kie-co 
 buang; the fifteenth of the month is called the 
 day of full moon. toa mia" buang kai n^ug ; 
 one whose name is widely known. ho 
 
 mia° buang; of good repute. jit gueh sie 
 
 tui kie-co biiang ; the sun and moon being 
 opposite each other, they are said to be in 
 opposition. 
 
DICriONAEY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 19 
 
 — bue — 
 
 bue 44 The end ; the tail ; the hindmost. 
 1051 X ni biie ; the end of the year, 
 gueh biie; the hist of the month, khi-than kau 
 suah-bue ; from beginning to end. u cek ki 
 btie; it ha.s a tail, cun biie; the stern of a boat, 
 cgk biie hu; one fish. cek biie choi"; a silk 
 
 worm. biie oi kin ; biie oi khio ; its tail turns 
 up. khut biie ; draws in his tail. ie biie ; to 
 wag the tail, bue oi ciam ; has a pointed tail, 
 chan thau, ch^n biie ; the two ends of a rice- 
 field, u thau biie ; systematically arranged, 
 bo thau bo bue ; without methed. co su mai" 
 bq biie ; finish up the things you do. siu bue 
 siang kii ; reciprocal regard between leader and 
 follower. m cai thaa biie ; does not know the 
 ins and outs of the matter. m ho ui siu, ui 
 biie ; do not be apprehensive about that mat- 
 ter, khu kau hu biie-biie ; go to the extreme 
 end. kio-biie kai kia° ; the youngest child, 
 kio-biie-au ; the very hiudmost. biie S.u ; in 
 the rear, leng hui° biie; a pendant cload. sio 
 biie ; the balance of an account. ci" biie ; an 
 unpaid remainder, khang-kliue biie ; remnant 
 of work. sng lio kai biie ; the consequence of 
 a frolic, pit biie ; the point of a pencil. sam 
 biie ; the small end of a log. chlu hue; the top 
 of a tree, cah thau, cah biie ; intercept at both 
 ends. cah than, cah biie ; lift at both ends, 
 hang thau hang biie ; the head and the foot of 
 a lane, cek phau biie; a tail bushy at the end. 
 CO kiii ki biie ; having several pendant ends, 
 biie lu-lu ; a blunt end. cam biie ; the point 
 of a needle. thuh biie cam ; a blunt needle. 
 cam thau siia" biie ; remnants of thread left in 
 the needle, kau hu biie ju toa ; it is bigger at 
 the other end. pit biie khui soi ; the point of 
 the brush is bristly, pi" biie soh ; the coarse 
 silk braided into the queue. chlu-bue ngan ; 
 hi.s fingers are cold. kha biie ; the lower ex- 
 ti'eniities. pang to rain-clmg kha biie ; put it 
 there at the foot of the bed. ci kia° si mdng 
 nang pang tio kai chiu biie ; this is a relict of a 
 certain person, kiu kue huangbiie lui ; fiercer 
 than a final clap of thunder. hi° bue thia^-ki"; 
 just caught the sound of it. 
 ki"; caught a glimpse of it. 
 ta°; repeat it after him. 
 
 h<5 ; it will be better when it is nearly used up. 
 kho thau mai" khd biie ; take the hardship at the 
 beginning, and not have it to endure at the end. 
 kii thau kii biie ; consider it on all sides. cih 
 biie se" chu ; has festers on the end of his tongue, 
 hii-jin hiie kai au-tau biie ; the lower part of a 
 woman's coiffure, at the back of her head, 
 huang-thai bue ; the end of a tyfoou. 
 
 mak biie thdi' 
 tue i kai chui biie 
 eng kau hii biio jii 
 
 iB^ biie 203 Mildew. 
 
 J^iv 585 11 chie" bue ; mildewed, iii cai 
 
 phak tiu chie" bue; if you do not sun it, it will 
 
 mildew. 
 
 biie 38 A go-between ; a raatch- 
 
 585 9 maker, 
 bue-nang; the go-between. thph lu co bue; 
 entrust the making of the match to yoa. siii 
 bue-n^ng ; remunerate tiie go-between. bue 
 phua ; an old woman who makes matches, 
 bue-nang chiii, chua nang ui ; who.soever follows 
 the direction of a matchmaker goes into 
 danger. 
 
 |/U| hue 31 To decoy ; to inveigle. 
 
 \1 — I 1111 4 cio-bue ; a decoy-bird ; a stool 
 
 pigeon. CO bue ; act as a decoy, chak bo bue, 
 
 piia° lo hue; if the thief had no one to lead 
 
 him, he would turn back when half way to his 
 
 destination. 
 
 biie 75 Plums. 
 
 584 7 cek liap bue ; a plum. ie"- 
 bue ; the arbutus, or Chinese strawberry, bue 
 hue; plum blossoms. die" tek bue; green 
 plums, lo kiam bue; pickled plums. bue-p6 
 tlam k&i a kiam kai ? Ai-e the.se dried plums 
 sweet or salt ? ie°-bue thien-phau : ie°-bue 
 cling; a disease of licentious people. 
 
 bue 86 Fossil coal ; soot ; embers. 
 
 585 9 bue- thoa"; fossil coal, liu biie 
 thoa"; to dig coal, bue-thoa" sua"; a coal mine, 
 nin kfi,i 16 si eng biie-thoa" a si eng hiie-thoa"? 
 Do you use hard coal or charcoal in your stove ? 
 jieh am cu huang bAe ? How late do you rake 
 up the fire? tun biie-thba"; to store coal. 
 
 '^X^ biie 64 The game of mori-a. 
 
 J ** 452 6 ciah ci'u li'o, phah bue ; drink 
 wine, and then play at morra. i hu cek me" 
 k§,i ciu-bue thang-thang phah su, khut-nang 
 kvVn ciu, kvVn kau lok-lok; throughout that 
 whole night he was beaten in the game of 
 raorra, and was forced to drink wine as a for- 
 feit, until he was drenched in it. 
 
 m 
 
 bue 
 584 
 tenderloin. 
 
 130 The meat on the breast. 
 7 bue-nek ; the brisket; 
 
 the 
 
 -^tl bue 75 Not yet; adverb of negation. 
 ^V 1052 1 bue ceng ; has not yet. bue 
 tia"; it is not yet fixed. bue pit ; it is yet un- 
 certain, bue ii ; has none as yet. bue cai ; 
 does not yet know. bue oi ; cannot yet do it. 
 biie ho ; not yet ready, biie jien ; is not as yet 
 
20 
 
 DICTIONARY OF IHB 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 necessarily thus. ki" kau a bue ? Are we 
 
 almost there ? 12,i a bue ? Has he come yet ? 
 c!ah pa a bue ? Has he finished his meal yet ? 
 hi" khu a bue ? Are you going now ? hi" khu 
 bue khu ; he is just going. bue jip liu ; cleika 
 about courts who are not yet promoted. 
 
 — bfteh — 
 
 i^S ^^^^^ — Stockings. 
 15^ 1037 15 cek eiah bfieh ; a stocking. 
 cek sang bueh ; a pair of stockings, mi bdeh; 
 woolen stockings, biieh ang ; bueh thang; the 
 leg of a stocking. bueh cie°; the foot of a 
 
 stocking. bueh te", b{ieh thftu, bueh t6i ; the 
 heel, toe, aiid sole of a stocking, cheng biieh ; 
 to put on, or to wear stockings. bueh toa; 
 
 garters. peh bueh ; white stockings. chi" 
 bueh ; blue stockings. toa" tSng bueh; stock- 
 ings made of a single layer of cloth, sang tSng 
 bueh ; koih bueh ; stockings of double thick- 
 ness, ho-kh! bueh ; knitted stockings. 
 
 
 — bun — 
 
 bun 142 Gnats. 
 
 1041 4 o bnn ; black gnats. se' 
 
 bun; breeds gnats, bun kftu cfti; the gnats are 
 very thick. bun mang; buzzing insects. b6 
 bun bo mdng ; no gnats nor mosquitoes, khut 
 bun kSL kau kki lau kili Iftu; bitten by gnats till 
 he was all blotches. thoi" bo bun h\o° 
 
 toa; considered him as insignificant as a gnat, 
 bun ta"; cowardly, cfl bun s6ug lui ; if you get 
 enough gnats together their noise will be as 
 loud as thunder. bun hng-hng-kie ; gnats 
 
 buzz. cek tu bun; a swarm of gnats. bun 
 kia"; sand flies. 
 
 bun 120 Involved; embroiled; con- 
 IS 1043 4 fused. 
 H kau u tio put bun ; to manage so that there 
 be no entanglement; to straighten out in dis- 
 tinct lines. boi blin-luan ; is not confused or 
 disordered. mih su tio-tit tio-tit, cng kai boi 
 blin-luan ; everything is set straight, and there 
 is no complication. 
 
 jAj bim 116 To burrow ; to work one's 
 '^T^ 1 19 ~4~ way through a narrow open- 
 ing ; to wriggle into a hole, 
 i ce kia" cu biin jip khang toi ; as soon as he is 
 frightened he scratches his way into his hole, 
 cie^-se" lu-ki'a" bun tit kiie me ? Can the pigs 
 wriggle through ? khang khah khuah, khut 
 cio bun cau khu; the interstices were too wide, 
 and the bird got through and escaped. i bun 
 lai bun khu, bun boi tit chut ; he tried his best, 
 
 bat coald not work his way though so as to get 
 out. koi-lara kai khang hie" soi, koi cO-ni Si 
 biin chut lai ? Since the interstices in the coop 
 are so small, how could the fowls push their 
 way tl^rough ? biin loli thO toi; wriggle down 
 into the mud, (as eels or crabs do). koi 
 
 cong-kii to biin; the hens keep trying all the 
 time to get oat. 
 
 "Af"^ ^'^" ^ Literary ; civil ; elegant. 
 >^ lu41 U bftn bak ; literary. bftn 
 
 ngfa ; intellectual or refined . bun huap ; gram- 
 mar, b&n pit ; the pen of a ready writer, 
 bvin chai ; scientific. bdn cie"; an essay. k6 
 biin ; ancient literature. A bun ; modem 
 literature. fu bfin ; an elegant stylo. bun- 
 sek ; a specious appearance. ngwn bun ; the 
 original text. bun-cie" kd ; bun-cie" ch(5 ; the 
 original draft. p€h biin ; plain text. sneh 
 bftn ; to explain the text. cO bun ; make a 
 draft. tftu biin; deliver a dispatch. kong 
 bAn ; public documents. bftn cu ; documents, 
 kia biin-cu ; 1 biin ; send dispatches. toa b{in 
 cu ; bear a dispatch. i7i t&k c6k biin ci" ; it is 
 not worth a cash, biin bii ; civil and military. 
 biin ble ; a Confucian temple, khau biin khau 
 bu ; the examination of scholars and cadets, 
 biin tie"; the arena for literary contests. biin 
 khtiu, bti khau ; the examinations, civil and 
 military. iSng biin, leng bii ; an able scholar 
 and soldier, biin bii chwnchai ; familiar with 
 both books and weapons. biin kua"; civil 
 ofiicers. oh c6 bun ; learn to be scholarly, khng 
 si biin ; exhortations to morality. bun ua ; 
 civil bureau. thien biin ; astronomy : the 
 hosts of heavenly bodies. thien bun seng ; 
 astronomers. kwn thien-biin ; observe the 
 stars. biin-li ; the literary style of writing 
 b6n-thdng; a student. i si biin siu-cai a 
 bu siu-cai ? Is he a literary or a military 
 graduate ? 
 
 m^ 
 
 bun-kui A red gem ; a red 
 
 584 rose, 
 
 bun-kiii lo ; rose water. biin-kui iu ; attar of 
 roses. nin kai biin-kui lo kai ngun kui ki ? 
 
 How many bottles of rosewater do you give for 
 a dollar ? 
 
 bun 120 Lines or marks. 
 
 1041 ~4" bun ngun ; sycee, pure silver. 
 
 ban 128 To hear; to learn by report. 
 
 1041 ~8" thwn bun ; a tradition ; to 
 repeat a report, hong bun ; a rumor. thia'- 
 bun ; to hear. hiiang biin ; ascertain by 
 
 hearing. mla" bUn si-hai j famed thi'oughout 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DlALKCT. 
 
 21 
 
 5^ 
 
 the empire. ua to liii-sla" cii bfin-ki" cfa su ; 
 I lieard this at the Departmental City. sin- 
 buu-cua ; a newspaper. ua bfln mia" ku Ifo ; 
 I have long been acquainted with your name. 
 
 P^ bun 61 Sad ; unhappy ; melancholy. 
 |*Cj 577 8 iu-bun ; grieved. cho-bun ; 
 sorrowful. bun-bun ne ; very unhappy. koi 
 btin ; sua" biin ; to dissipate grief. lu mai° 
 
 iu-bun ; do not be distressed. 
 
 — but — 
 
 but 30 Taste or flavor ; it corres- 
 1053 5 ponds to the termination ish 
 when applied to tastes. 
 
 hiam-but; peppery. tiam-but ; sweetish, 
 
 sng-but ; sourish. kho-bnt ; bitterish. ciah 
 tied hiam-but hiam-but; it has a pungent 
 flavor. hi'a hu c6-ni oi kho-but ? si thai pliiia 
 ta° a iTi si ? Why is the fish bitter ? The gall- 
 bladder was broken in cutting up the fish was 
 it not ? kau cih hue se-su kho-but ; it leaves 
 a slightly unpleasant taste in the mouth, ciah 
 kau chili hue toa sng-but ; an acid taste is left 
 in the mouth after eating it. 
 
 /[•y^i but 93 lio-but ; condiments; sauces ; 
 Ii^aJ 1065 4 spicery ; seasoning, 
 ki" loh sim-mih lio-but ? What will you season 
 it with ? ci ko bo hu-se" lio-but ; there is no 
 condiment here fit to go with fish. 
 
 but 64 To beat out the dust. 
 
 154 "5^ khieh ki cliue khu but, c\a" oi 
 cheug-khih ; get a stick and beat it, then it 
 will be clean. 
 
 — bvvn — 
 
 bvvn 61 To neglect or slight. 
 
 576 11 khin-bvvn ; to treat haughti- 
 ly, bu-bvvn ; treat with contempt. mai" bwn 
 tieh i, do not slight him ; cie"-se° sng si siet- 
 bvvn tieh i ; that would be considered contempt- 
 uous treatment of him. 
 
 iftJm ^^^ ^^ -^ curtain, 
 
 'H^ 676 li tie" bvvn ; a curtain. 
 
 bvvn ; sedan curtains. 
 
 kle 
 
 bwn 140 Tangled vines. 
 
 _ 1040 11 bwn-che° ; a turnip, green 
 
 colored and with tubers above ground, used in 
 medicine. bwn-chau Ifing tu ; tangle grass is 
 not easily extirpated. 
 
 /gH bvvn 184 
 R^ 575 11 
 
 steamed bread. 
 
 Steamed bread, or wheaten 
 cakes, bwu-thau ; a loaf of 
 
 "Tj bvvn 24 A mystic emblem of high 
 TXm 1040 T antiquity, explained to be the 
 symbol of Buddha's heart; it is the hammer of 
 Thor and is common in Norse mythology. 
 ai° kuah co bwu-ji pi"; will have it carved with 
 a border in Vetruvian scroll, bvvn-ji pi"; braid 
 with the Vitruvian scroll woven in it. bwn-jl 
 laiig-kang ; a balustrade with a convoluted 
 lattice. 
 
 bwn 140 All ; every ; ten thousand ; 
 \^^ 1040 9 a strong superlative, 
 bvvn nang; everybody, bwn much; everything, 
 bwn kok ; all nations. bwn hok ; every 
 
 blessing, bvvn ak im ui siu ; of all wickedness 
 lewdness is chief, bwn kim ke-siia"; an estate 
 of immense value. cek bvvn ; ten thousand, 
 
 cek choi" bwn ; ten millions. peh bvvn ; a 
 
 million. cap bvvn ; a hundred thousand, 
 
 cek png, bwn lai ; ten thousand per cent gain, 
 chaiig-bng, bwn kliwn ; countless acres of farm 
 land, bwn bo cek sit; nothing lost or missed, 
 bwn tang cu cek; one among a thousand, bvvn 
 ko to boi hai ; it will never wear out; time will 
 not afl^ect it. bwn bo chu li ; there is no such 
 principle. bwn-bwn 111 hp ; most certainly 
 
 not; a thousand times no. bwn-bvvn put 
 
 leng ; it cannot be done. lu choi" bvvn tieh 
 
 l&i ; you must come without fail. choi" kun 
 
 bwn be ; myriads, bwn s) ; all ages, bvvn to ; 
 all generations. choi" chang bvvn ti ; an 
 
 immeasurable extent of land. kau ci-kp choi" 
 sua" bwn ciii, sit-cai si kang-kho; to come here 
 over innumerable mountains and seas is indeed 
 difficult, hue cau bvvn much cu c6i°; before all 
 things were created. 
 
 — ca — 
 
 . /-^ ca-bo 38 A female, of the human 
 /s^ 641 "0" race. 
 
 si ta-po a ca-bo ? Is it a boy or a girl ? ca-bo 
 kia"; a daughter, ca-bo ke co ta-po ; a woman 
 disguised as a man. 
 
 ca 85 Dregs ; lees ; what is left after 
 
 3 9 infusion, 
 ieh ca ; the dregs of medicine, te ca ; tea leaves 
 that have been steeped. te tio ca ; strain out 
 the dregs. khu ca ; take out the lees. hun- 
 ca ; the refuse left in the pipe after opium has 
 been smoked, ca-cai ; sediment. 
 
 WA^ ca 72 Yesterday ; time gone; recently. 
 M p 1005 5 ca-jit ; yesterday. i ca-jit 
 
 cia" lai ; he came yesterday, ua ca-me"-hng nx 
 cai kio i ta"; I did not think to tell him last 
 evening. ca-me" cng kai boi ut; 1 could not 
 
22 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 sleep at all last niglifc. i si ca-rang-khi lai a si 
 ca-e-kiia lai ? Did be come yesterday morning 
 or yesterday afternoon ? si ca-jlt-tau lai ; he 
 came yesterday noon, 
 
 ca 30 To sigh. 
 973 10 ca-thang ; to sigh or moan. 
 
 ipg^ ca 75 A sour red fruit, a species of 
 
 T^ 3 '9 hawthorn. 
 
 8ua''.ca; sien^ca; a sour fruit, the size of a 
 
 cherry. 
 
 riTl ca 72 Anciently ; formerly ; a long 
 H 802 4 time ago. 
 ko-ca ; ill olden times, hoh ca ; a considerable 
 length of time since. ca si ; ca ni ; in former 
 timea. kim ca »7i tAng ; it is not now as it- 
 
 nsed to be. ca tiang-si; a long time ago. ca- 
 ca cu u ; in very ancient times there were, kd- 
 ca kui nang ; people of olden times. 
 
 Jm^ ca. 72 Early ; betimes ; soon. 
 ^ I * 953 2 khah ca; too early. thi°-kng-cd; 
 at daylight. kiia" ca ; take time by the fore- 
 lock, ca png ; breakfast. ca ni ; some years 
 ago. tang-ca; a little while ago. tftng cd fl ; he 
 had some just before, ca sin ; early dawn, cd 
 ce ; earlier, ca cai fi cie°-8e", lia clu ai" ; had I 
 known before that there were such, I should 
 hare wanted some. iS-pI ca ce ; be ready in 
 
 good time, ua tang ca-ca thi-huung i ; I gave 
 him warning in good time, ca khu, ca lai ; the 
 sooner you go the sooner you will get back, 
 ca chut, am jip ; go out for a long day's work, 
 cek ca ciu cau-khi ; get up betimes. cd tang, 
 miig tang ; the early and the late crop. ca 
 
 chang; miig chang; the first and the second rice 
 crop of the year, ca chang siu chek kai si-hau, 
 kie-cp ca tang ; the time of harvesting the first 
 crop of the year is called the early harvest. 
 p6 toa ca a si p6 ca kia° ? Did you plant the 
 early or the later sort ? ca mng kai si-ke m 
 t§,ng; prices are different at the two harvests, 
 lia tang-ca cai ; I knew it before. lia ca niiig 
 cu kau ; I am there early and late. ca ho ca 
 ce", ua° ho lau me" ; if it rains early in the 
 morning the sky will soon clear, but if it rains 
 late in the afternoon, it will rain all night, si 
 lu slang 6i ca ; you are the one who can do it 
 soonest, ciah ca te ; take tea early in the morn- 
 ing, boi ca ; cannot be punctual. 
 
 "^rrl ca 149 To deceive ; to feign ; to de- 
 ft p* 4 6 lude; underhand, 
 kang-ca; delusive, ca-ngui ; hypocritical, ca 
 
 lek ; extort by a false claim, ca-phien ; fraud- 
 
 nlent, ca pe°; a feigned illness. 
 
 Act ca 4 Fitful ; for a moment. 
 
 r^ 4 4 ca liang ca juah ; now it is cold 
 then it is warm ; the weather is fitful. ca sie 
 ca chin ; hot and cold alternately. ca khin ci 
 tSng; better a little while and then worse 
 again, ca h6 ca cd°; changeable weather, raiu 
 and sunshine alternating. 
 
 "^m CO. 117 To shudder; the flesh creeping 
 ^^y^ 831 7 from awe or terror; horrified. 
 kia° kau cek sin ca-cS-kio ; so frightened that 
 my whole flesh crept. thoi" tieh koi-b<5-phue 
 cft-ca-kie If-li phu ; on seeing it my flesh crept 
 and goose-pimples came up all over me. 
 
 — cft» — 
 
 eft" 64 To grapple from a deep place; 
 
 507 12 to dredge for; to drag for. 
 eft" hA ; to dredge for fish. eft" o ; to dredge 
 for oysters, eft sap; to dredge for the broken 
 shells of which lime is made. 
 
 — call — 
 
 ^nro cah 60 To take along with one, as if 
 IP 846 8 in the girdle, 
 i u cah lai a b6 p Did she bring it with her ? 
 s3ug-p1en cah l&i khut da ; bring it along and 
 give it to me at your convenience. i cah ii 
 
 jieh coi l&i P How much did she bring with 
 her p ngo i m tieh, cah khu cah tng lai ; did 
 not meet him, and so took it there and then 
 brought it back again. am-ce° cah ki to to 
 sa" toi ; secretly carried along a knife inside 
 his tunic. 
 
 "L^* cah 64 To bare the arm. 
 1.& 821 9 cah chf u-ng ; to roll up the 
 sleeves, chiu-ng cah phu ce; roll your sleeves 
 somewhat higher. 
 
 ^FinL cah 75 Anything placed to impede 
 \}\)\ 42 5 progress; to bar, as by a gate 
 or stile. 
 
 cah-ning; a floodgate or turnstile. kuo" cah- 
 rang ; close the flood-gate. khui cah-mng ; 
 
 open the turnstile. th6i°-sfu cah-mng ; to 
 
 watch the gate. cfe" cah-mng kai nang ; the 
 gate-keeper, ciii-cah ; a lock in a canal. koi 
 cah, hang c&h ; barriers across streets or lanes, 
 ci tio koi calx ku-a ko; tliis street is barred in 
 several places, hang-thau culi, hang-bue cfih ; 
 both ends of the lane are barricaded. u kai 
 
 mngf cah to ko ; there was a door in the way. 
 mng-cah ; a railing in a doorwa3'. cah co no 
 kueh ; divided by a partition, ai" cah co si'am 
 a cah CO chie" ? Will you partition it off by 
 folding doors or by a wall ? kio c^h ; a railing 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 23 
 
 across a bridge, kaa chui-kliaa to k(ii c^h lai 
 call ; made a palisade at the entrance, as a 
 division or a defence. 
 
 »|J[t call 140 To shut off the view ; to in- 
 UlIX 677 "^ tercept the rays of light, 
 gueli pan hun cah khu ; the view of the moon 
 is cut off by the clouds. bo mueh lid cah jit, 
 juah cai; there is nothing to keep off the sun, 
 and it is very hot. i kai hie"-li pun tek cah 
 
 nii"-mi''; the bamboos hide the village from 
 view. ci kai mak-kia" kiia loh khu to-cak 
 
 rank; after putting on these spectacles, 1 see 
 less plainly than before. hu lai thong-thong, 
 bo cia bo cah ; there is an unbroken view of 
 the interior, with nothing to screen the objects 
 nor to intercept the view. 
 
 ."i/f^ call 86 To cook in grease. 
 ^ p 8 ~5 cah la ; to boil in fat. cah 
 
 iu ; fry in oil. cah kau i chiah ; fry brown, 
 
 cak kau i so-so ; fry it crisp. cah sek : fry it 
 till it is well done. cah ho h'o, leng-ua° cia" 
 lai cha; after it is cooked in grease, fry it 
 again on a dry pan. kau ko khu cah ; fry it 
 whole. on<T kai cang la khu cah ; cook the 
 
 whole of it in lard, m ho cah khah thiam ; do 
 not fry it too much. tok chiii lai cah ; cut it 
 up fine and fi'y it. 
 
 ^P^ cah 167 Gyves for the feet. 
 $/t 82 7 ci kai si io huam, tieh loh 
 kha-cah ; this is a great offender and he must 
 be put in fetters. h6 kai si mia" chak, tieh 
 loh kha-cak ; that is a famous robber, and he 
 must be fettered. hu kai u puah naiig lai 
 
 ta" mai° loh cak ; that one sent some one to 
 intercede for him asking that he need not be 
 put in fetters. 
 
 m 
 
 cai 111 To know ; to be aware ; con- 
 
 53 3 scious. 
 lia cai ; I know it. lia in cai ; I was not aware 
 of it. lu cai a m cai ? Do you know or not ? 
 ill cai i kai ] ; do not know what are his ideas 
 about it. rli cai i kai sii; know nothing about 
 his affairs. in cai i-su ; m cai sim-mih i-su ; 
 
 do not know what it means. kang i ta" cai ; 
 tell him about it. put-kue cai kai tai-khai ; 
 know only aproximately. cai m cau ; do not 
 know very definitely. ta" si, i to ni cai ; 
 
 though you tell hira ten thousand times, he 
 never knows, chuah nang iTi cai ; take people 
 unawares. cai ki kai pheng-iu ; a bosom 
 
 friend. cu-cai ; self-conscious. i ka-ki cu 
 cai ; he is himself aware of it. lia cai cai ; I 
 
 am well aware of it. cai ciah tia"; knows 
 
 nothing but how to eat. cai ciah, m cai thang ; 
 does not know enough to earn his living. m 
 cai thoi"; did not notice it. lu cai khu ak 
 
 cui ; you must think to water them. sui cai 
 I'o si cio"-se"; unexpectedly found it so. Id cai 
 nang kai slni-mueh ! What do you know about 
 it ! chp-liak cai ; know a little about it. lu 
 CO cai ? How do you know ? cai ineng-peh ; 
 perceive clearly. m cai sie"; did not think 
 
 about it. put cai put kak; unexpectedly. Sli- 
 ce, iTi cai than ; excuse me, I did not see yon. 
 sii ciie, six cue, lia si m cai thau ; I beg your 
 pardon, I did it inadvertently. cai kau thang 
 toi ; knows the bottom facts. bue phok soi 
 cai ; knew before divination. ili cai i u a 
 
 bo ; do not know whether he has any or not. 
 ill cai nang ; to become unconscious, thia" cai ; 
 bun cai ; know by hearing. lu khu ta" i cai ; 
 you go and let hira know. cai kue pit koi ; 
 
 you must reform when you know your faults, 
 lia soi" cai ; I knew it beforehand. cai tit 
 
 soi" cai ? How can one know it beforehand ? 
 nang tieh cai cok ; one must be content. cai 
 min, rn cai sim ; we know people's faces, not 
 their hearts. mai" khut nang cai ; do not let 
 anyone know. lu lia cai tia"; only you and I 
 know. cng kai bo nang cai ; no one knows 
 
 anything about it. ii nang cai ; some people 
 know. put cai put kak cu cek ni ; a year 
 
 passes before we are scarcely aware of it. 
 
 >i> cai 86 Calamity that comes from 
 y^ 940 3" above. 
 
 cai-hai ; afflictive, cai-hvia ; misery. cui cai, 
 hue cai; flood and fire. cai-lang ; adversity, 
 thi" cai ; a visitation, such as a pestilence, 
 cai-eh ; difficulties, cai-iang ; tribulation. 
 
 J2\^ c^'i 1^ To set out young plants ; to 
 /IvQ 940 6 plant ; slips or cuttings, 
 cai-ceng ; to plant out. cai hue ; to plant 
 
 flowers. cai loh khu ciu uah ; if you plant it 
 will live. cai gueh-khi ; to set out rose 
 
 slips. gueh-khi cai ; rose slips. hue cai ; 
 
 flower cuttings. cai chiu ; to plant trees, 
 
 seng-cai ; banyan saplings, prepared for plant- 
 ing, cai-phue ; patronage. mo" lu kai i cai- 
 phue ; hope you will patronize him. 
 
 v^A? cai 85 Sediment ; settlings. 
 "f-lF* 1031 10 ca-cai ; a coating of sediment 
 on the inside of a vessel. puah bo soi, ceng- 
 ceng ca-cai ; the earthen pot, not having been 
 washed at all, is coated with sediment on its 
 inner surface, te-kwn eug kii cu cie" ca-cai ; a 
 long-used tea-pot becomes coated on the inside 
 with the lees of the tea. 
 
24 
 
 DICTIONAKY OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT, 
 
 A year. 
 
 lai bue u cSk nl, la bfle fi 
 
 ^^ cai 159 
 JglQ Oil 6 
 
 pii;\" cai; it is not- yet a year, nor evon half a 
 year since yon came. ke u cek nt piia" cai lia 
 cu ai° tng l^i kliu; in another year or le«s, I 
 shall be going back again. 
 
 to ruK 
 
 to 
 
 cai 40 To govern ; 
 
 941 ~7 slaughtef. 
 cai-sia)ig ; a prime-minister, cii-cai ; the ruler 
 over all. cf cek kok si i cp cii-cai ; it is ho 
 
 who is the ruler of this nation. tSi thoiig-cai; 
 the President of the Board of Civil Office, cf 
 kai nang co sii siin lUi fi cii-cai ; this person 
 has a mind of his own. suaU gii cai be; to 
 
 slaughter cattle and horses. 
 
 K5 cai 46 To bring forth, (said of ani- 
 
 f^i 941 9 mals). 
 
 hliig-cai ; a worthless fellow. kb Iftng cA\ ; 
 
 a hired rulRan. liing-csii phue; a rogue in 
 
 embryo; a piece of furniture that is finished 
 except the painting. 
 
 |:|:|~ cki 18 Again ; repeatedly. 
 ' 14' 942 4 cai thoi" ; look again. chfa" 
 cai ta" ; please say it again. i7i li(5 cai ciah ; 
 
 do not eat it any more, niua-khi cai lai ; come 
 again to-morrow. cho" chun put c^i lai ; 
 
 youthful days never return. lia in cai lai ; I 
 will never come again. cai kiie kc kiii jit ; 
 
 again after some days. lij cai siu° ; think 
 
 again. via b6 cai ta"; I shall not tell you 
 
 again, lu lu cki in to ; and again you were ab- 
 sent, cai sa" cai si ; again and again. cai-sa" 
 hun-hu ; repeatedly commanded. lia cai-sa° 
 
 teng-leng cok-hu, lu cp-ni iTi it-tit ? I have re- 
 iterated the orders, why do you not remember 
 them ? tieh pi cfa cai toa kai ; it must be 
 
 twice as large as this. la si cai tug cu khah 
 tng ; if any longer it would be too long. tieh 
 cai liLi chim ce ; it must be dug a little deeper. 
 ai° mo" liiig tieh cai peh kui° ; if you wish to 
 nee farther you must mount up higher. cai 
 
 thoi" kau sek-sek ; look at it i-epeatedly till you 
 become familiar with its appearance, cai thSk 
 ke kiie ; read it over Again. cai se" ; restored 
 to life. cai se" kai tek ; restored virtue, cai 
 se" kai un ; restored favor. cai cia ; further- 
 more, lu cai kd tia" ; price it again, and more 
 accurately. cai ke ; a remarried widow. cki 
 chua ; a remarried widower. 
 
 cai 159 To carry ; to contain ; to 
 
 941 6 lade ; to sustain. 
 ci ciah cun cai u jieh coi ta° ? JJow many piculs 
 does this boat carry ? gu cliia be cai ; oxen 
 
 draw, and horses carry. cki kau mua"-miia" ; 
 cai kau ti"-ti"; stowed full, cai cek cai ; carry 
 one load. cai kau bit-bit; laden to the vvater 
 line, cai in loh ; cannot stow in. cai iTi phu ; 
 cannot sustain so much, chi tit khi ; can carry 
 it. m h(S cai ke lio ; it will carry no more, ci 
 ciah cun si cai slm-mih much lai ? What cargo 
 does this boat bring? cu tang u cai; it is 
 recorded in books. cai to slm-mih «u kp ? 
 
 What book is it in ? tieh u kp h<5 cai lak ; 
 
 there must be some coigne of vantage. bp kp 
 hd cai l&k ; there is nothing to sustain one's 
 self upon. 
 
 cai 180 The navel. 
 
 96t> 14 to c^i ; the navel. cai-t6a ; 
 the umbilical cord. ka tn^ cai-toa; cut the 
 umbilical cord, tng c&i; cast off the umbilical 
 cord. c&i-b<5 ; a midwife. tia' cai ; the 
 
 protuberance in the center of an iron pau. bd 
 c&i ; the pivot of a millstone. 
 
 c&i 99 Very ; extremely ; much. 
 
 738 4 h<5 cii ; very good, hfii^ cSi ; 
 very far. lia sieh i cfti ; I love her much. i 
 ai" c&i ; he wants it extremely. hua°-hi c&i ; 
 greatly pleased. 
 
 "/\1 <Si 82 At present. 
 ^M^ 941 8 hln-cai ; now. hIn-cSi si hSn- 
 se"; is at present young. tu-kua° b6i hIn-cSi ; 
 pig's liver is bonght for present use; we take 
 things for what they are when we get them, 
 cu-cfti ; as well as usual. bp hie" cii-c5i ; not 
 feeling very well. lu cfi-cSi me Y Are yoa 
 
 well ? ang-jien cD-cSi ; well and comfortable, 
 lu ho cp lu cu-c5i ; make yourself comfortable. 
 Ill ka" tng, lu cp lu cu-cSi ; you are too kind, 
 pray remain as you are. 
 
 /^ cai 61 How ? What ? 
 iUi> 948 5 cai-se"-le"? What is it like? 
 se" lai dii-seMe" ? What sort of thing is it ? 
 CO lai clli-se°-Ie° ? How does it look ? cSi tit 
 ka" ? How dare I ? cSi tit tieh ? How is it to 
 be obtained ? lu cp c5i tit cla" ? How can you 
 accomplish it ? c5i tit >vn ? How can it be 
 
 finished ? tieh cSi-se" c\a° hSh ? How can it 
 be made so as to suit ? 
 
 cai 9 A cargo ; a boat-load. 
 
 941 13 kui cap cai ; several tens of 
 boa; -loads. cai kau miia" cai ; carry a full 
 
 cargo. pua° kue cai ; to tranship the cargo, 
 
 pph cai ; to land a cargo, by means of smaller 
 boats. khi cSi ; unlade the vessel. siu cai ; 
 take in cargo. cek cai siu kau h'o ; the cargo 
 is all taken in. Iph cai ; lade the ship. c6k 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 26 
 
 cai cek cai ; boat-load by boat-load. pua" 
 
 cai ; half a cargo. loli jieh coi cai c\a° kau ? 
 How many boat-loads will be required for it? 
 
 -f^ cai ^ An exclamation, implying a 
 BAi 94'J G liigb degree of emotion, 
 ai cjli ! Alas ! u liu ai cai ! Alas, how sad ! 
 
 khuai ciii ! How pleasing ! tai cai khong-cu ! 
 How great is Confucius ! 
 
 — cak — 
 
 ■"Sl^ cak 118 A joint, a section ; a period 
 ^l* 974 9 or regular interval; a set 
 way of doing a thing; temperance, continence; 
 to keep within limits ; to economize ; to main- 
 tain dignity ; an emergency, 
 ci ki tek lu thoi" kiii cak? How many joints 
 do you think there are in (his bamboo ? boi 
 kiii cak ho-ho kai cia lai ciah ; buy a few joints 
 of the best sugar-cane to eat. ci cuang su lu 
 cck cak cek cak la" tia thia"; give me an 
 account of the whole affair seriatim. cak 
 
 mtik ; the point where meshes join, or sections 
 unite. cie" cak, e cak; the upper and lower 
 sections. cek cak cu ; one verse, cak liak ; a 
 summary. pun co kui cak ; divided into 
 
 several paragraphs. chiu-c6i° sa" cak, toa coi" 
 no cak ; the fingers have three joints and the 
 thumb two. kha cak, chi'u cak ; the joints in 
 the toes and fingers. kut cak sng-thia"; my 
 bones ache, puah kau chi'u-cak chut thng ; 
 
 fell and dislocated his finger juint. chvVn kiie 
 cak ; runs across the joints, cak I'm ciah ; live 
 temperately. khua°-khua" cak cie ; gi-adually 
 diminish. cak khiam ; bo frugal. cak eng; 
 use sparingly. lu mai" se" ki cak ; do not 
 
 branch off into other subjects. cak hu ; a 
 
 dignified woman. sin cak ; maintain dignity. 
 sit cak ; to lose dignity. cak hau ; dignified 
 
 obedience, khia cak-hau teng; raise an honor- 
 ary portal, cak-liet ; self-restiained. boi 
 kwn cak ; to get degrees by bribery. soi cak, 
 toa cak ; a small matter, or an important mat- 
 ter, tai cak ; a great emergency, ci k&i nang 
 u kill cak ; this man is self-restraiiud. u cak- 
 ngi ; is temperate. bo cak bo cob ; not kept 
 within limits. cih tui cak; to disjoint. cih 
 cak thai hien ; go outside tiie rules of etiquette 
 in tlie entertainment of a scholar. cak cak 
 kau ; come on at regular intervals, cak-lo; a 
 whitlow, a felon on a joint. 
 
 ^ 
 
 cak 128 To make a din ; to stun with 
 469 6 noise ; distracting, 
 ham i mai" cak nang ; tell him not to disturb 
 people by making a noise. hi°-khang khut i 
 cak kau ong-ong-kie ; my ears rang with the 
 
 din that he made, i kai ue coi c5i, ciu jit khut 
 i cak si khu; he is a great talker, and keeps up 
 his clack all day long. kliut i cak lio boi ut ; 
 was disturbed by his noise so that I could not 
 sleep. lu mai" cak tieh lia ; do not distract 
 
 me by your noise. 
 
 Anrl cak 9 To act, do, or make ; to be- 
 I r" 1005 5 come, to appear ; to stimulate, 
 to arouse ; operations, woik. 
 i kai pe" hwt cak ; his ailment has returned, 
 khi leng-ua" cin-cak ; his anger is again roused, 
 lu kai kia cak khieh lai kliut lia pai tliak ce ; 
 bring your elegant composition and allow me 
 to respectfully read it. i hu-ko to si id chang 
 kang, cak tai ; he is there hai boring evil doers 
 and encouraging wickedness, kiia" i hue hwt- 
 cak lai ii, lo koi ; to hasten and set it right 
 before there is a relapse will be easiest. cak- 
 tong ; to act as assistants to the host. kia°-jit 
 kai Slab si ti-tiang cak-tong? Who supports the 
 host at to-day's feast ? ai" chia" i cak-tong, 
 tieh koih tie" cak-tong kai toa"- phien ; if you 
 are going to invite him to assist the host you 
 must enclose a card to this effect. 
 
 cak 120 To bind up ; to make secure. 
 >|S 7 5 cak kha ; to tie the feet. ti° 
 
 kha, cak chi'u, cp oi kia" ne ? With you ham- 
 pering all my movements, how can I do any. 
 thing ? cak kin-kui ; bound up clo-sely. eng 
 toa khu cak ; take a band and bind it securely, 
 cak kiii ki hue ; tie up a nosegay. cak-cang- 
 Boh ; a hair-string. 
 
 cak 40 Solid ; full ; compact ; the op- 
 _ , 769 11 posite of hollow, 
 si khang-kliak kai a si cak-thau kai? Is it 
 hollow or is it solid ? ci cdk khi .«<i cak-nng 
 
 kai ; this sort is dense, cak-thau-nngkai tek ; 
 a species of bamboo that is not hollow. cak 
 nek kai ; full of meat. 
 
 M 
 
 cam 167 A needle; a pin; a lancet; 
 15 2 to puncture, 
 chng cam ; thread a needle. bua cam ; polish 
 a needle. cp cam ; make needles. toa cam, 
 ji cam, sa" cam, cam ki'a"; large, medium sized, 
 tine, and very fine needles. toa kong cam ; a 
 darning needle. hue cam ; an embroidery 
 
 needle, cam khang, cam biie ; the eye and the 
 point of a needle. cam phi"; the end of a 
 
 needle opposite the point. cam kha kliah hi ; 
 the stitches are too long. tieh bak cam ce; 
 
 you must sew it more finely. ci kai hij-jin hd 
 cam-ci; this woman is a good sewer. hang- 
 
26 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 8ii-cara ; a thermometer. buatig-hS-cam ; a 
 
 barometer, si-ceng cara ; the hands of a clock, 
 pang-cam; thng-si cam ; the pin used to fasten 
 the coiffure. ju cp cara-ci°; as if sitting on 
 
 needles. eng cam l&i thie tio i k^i hueh ; get 
 a lancet and bleed him. cam huap; tlie rules 
 for acupuncture. cek cam ki hueh ; one 
 
 puncture brought the blood. cam ku ; to 
 
 probe. cam-tui ; point to point. cam-tui 
 
 mong nftng tk"; it refers to what a certain 
 person said. tliih poi" bua cia" szu-hue cam ; 
 an iron ferule nmy be ground down into an 
 eml)ioidery needle. 
 
 ^^^ cam 118 To stick in the hair, or hat. 
 f=% 945 12 cam hue; to put flowers in 
 the hair. cam eng; to put a tassel into a cap. 
 hue (!am, hue liii; sprays and flowers, used as 
 head ornaments. 
 
 Uf t^ 
 
 69 To sever ; to sunder; to chop 
 
 7 off ; to cut. 
 cam clia; to cut wood. cam kliui; to sunder, 
 ciim tio ; chop it off. cam thau ; to behead, 
 
 cam clilu liali clo; to cut down the tree in 
 order to catch the bird. cam cp no kueh ; cut 
 it in two. eng po-thuu cia" h(5 cam ; take an 
 axe and then you can chop it off. cam chau 
 tfi kun ; to cut down the weeds and extirpate 
 their roots; to wholly exterrainiite ; to cut off 
 all one's posterity. cam teng coih thih ; 
 
 to cut otf a nail. cam sfu si ccng ; to decapi- 
 tate as a warning to others ; to make an ox- 
 ample of. kie cam cue ; a capital crime, kam 
 ciim kua°; a sheriff, cam, ka, kun, liu, thil, si 
 ngo ie" heng huap; beheading, hanging, send- 
 ing into the army, temporary banishment, and 
 perpetual banishment, are the five methods of 
 punishment. 
 
 cam 149 To slander or vilify. 
 P Q D-47 16 cam-cng ; to defame, i hau" 
 caiu-t-ng nang ; he is addicted to slandering 
 people. cam-cng kue lai, cam-cng kue khu ; 
 backbiting each the other. 
 
 M,T <^<^'n 1^1 A fine chisel; a graving tool; 
 ^^^ 94(3 11 to chisel out ; to engrave, 
 c&ni ki'a"; a graving tool. cSm hue ; to grave 
 flowers. cSm klm hue-chau ngia cSi ; the 
 
 carving was beautifully done. c5m lai hue-ji 
 m hin ; the letters are are not plainly cut. tieh 
 cSm chim ce ; they must be cut deeper, khah 
 toi°, c5m ui loh ; the stuff is too hard, it cannot 
 be chiseled out. ngun cSm ; chasing on silver. 
 cSm hue kai nang; the graver. mai" cSm 
 
 khih khu; do not break it in chiseling it. cieh 
 cS,m ; a stone-cutter's chisel. cia khang tieh 
 
 cam khuah c5, cia" tha tit loh ; this hole must 
 be cut larger, so the plug will go in. c&m chui 
 ce ; cut it more delicately. 
 
 ^y* ^'^™ — ^ stage of a journey. 
 ^^|_| 13 6 Sah c^m ; the distance be- 
 tween post hooses. cdk cftm lo ; one stage of 
 a journey. to cf-kp kau hu-kp ii kui cftm lo ? 
 How many ^tages from here there? lo-cfim 
 ai" cpnl phe°-phah ? What route have you 
 decided upon? than cftm kau tl-kp ? What 
 is the first stopping place ? ji cJim kiiu hu- 
 
 k6 ; that will Le tlie second stopping place oii 
 the route. 
 
 — cang — 
 
 rt^l cang 41 To take ; to make use of ; a 
 7|*j 967 ^ sign of the accusative, 
 cang cia a cang hfa ; make use of this or that, 
 cang sim-mueh khut i ctah ? What will you 
 give him to eat ? cang hd ue kio i ta°; speak 
 comfortably to him. cang b6 cp Q ; ni»de out 
 of nothing; unfounded. tieh cang seng-sim, 
 m thu-thu cang uo ta"; there must be sincerity 
 as well as professions. cang ta-po ke cp cui- 
 nie ; had a man disguised as a woman. ai' 
 
 cang ti-tiang khu ? Whom will you send ? 
 
 cang 76 The coir palm. 
 )>J\ 1022 8 caug-sui ; a coir cloak, 
 cang sob ; coir rope. cang chieh ; a coir mat. 
 cang sau; a coir broom. cang sie"; a coir 
 
 trunk. 
 
   ^^ cang 190 A lady's coiffure. 
 j>yC 1022 8 ta cang; do up the hair, 
 lau mo°, phah cang ; let the hair grow, in order 
 to arrange it in the style of a married woman. 
 ju-\ call to cang sim; an ornament was inserted 
 in the centre of the coiffure. kia°-jit kai cang 
 siu khu ngfa c5.i ; your liair is very prettily 
 arranged to-day. cang-kta° 16 ; the hair ar- 
 
 ranged in a coil. 
 
 j^2^ cang 122 A square lifting net, sus- 
 Q 951 T2 pended on a frame, and let 
 down by a long rope. 
 
 au cang ; khang cang; to fish with liftingnets. 
 khia ki cang lai au hu ; set a lifting net to 
 catch tish. an-cang mang-tie"; a mosquito 
 
 bar having a folding frame inside. 
 
 cang 140 Sedate ; serious ; a high 
 112 7 road, 
 cang keng ; serious and respectful, twn cang ; 
 strictly correct in conduct. cang ngiam ; 
 
 strictly proper, cang tong ; respectful, khang 
 cang toa lo ; a level highway. 
 
DICTIONAUY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 27 
 
 ^^ cang 187 A mane. 
 I/J\ 102-2 ~S~ be cang mo" ; a horse's 
 mane, tu cang mo"; hog's bristles. 
 
 -^^^ rang 190 A peruke ; a wig ; false 
 §^ 1022 "F hair. 
 
 ke cang ; a false peruke. lu kai cang u ciap 
 Cling a bq ? Do you wear false hair ? 
 
 J^ cang 64 To hold on tightly with the 
 jM 1026 19 hands. 
 
 no ciah chi'u cang i kai pi"; held on to his 
 queue with btjtli hands. cang kfn-kin m 
 
 kheng pjmg ; he held on tightly, and would 
 not let go. cang i m cu ; could not hold on 
 
 to it. 
 
 To collect and tie up, as in 
 a sheaf : to unite under one 
 
 cang 120 
 A|VU<> 1023 11 
 rule or in a whole. 
 
 cang CO cek e ; bind them in one bundle. pa- 
 cang ; an ensign, the second giade below a 
 captain, and the lowest of army officei'S. thih 
 pa-cang ; a low but permanent office, in which 
 there is neither hope of promotion nor fear of 
 degradation. 
 
 |J_L». cang 33 Robust ; hardy ; lusty ; to 
 7|-Lk 114 4 inspirit; to incite, 
 cang teng ; able-bodied men. cang ni ; in 
 
 strong health. cang-kien ; strong and hardy, 
 cang sti ; one accomplished in manly sports, 
 cang-seng ; lusty. sio-cang ; 3'oung and 
 
 hearty. min cang ; the militia. eng-hiong 
 chut sio-cang ; violence comes of youthful 
 vigor. long cang; volunteer troops. pui- 
 
 cang ; stout. cang i kai ta" ; incite his 
 
 courage. ciah kau pui-cang toa-kia"; become 
 very stout and hardy. 
 
 .^^^ cang 119 Dumplings, boiled in a 
 T^J\ 1023 8 wrapping of leaves. 
 cang kiu ; thiee cornered dumplings. cang 
 
 kai ; many cornered dumplings. cang pau 
 
 sim-mih kai ? What is in the dumplings ? 
 cang pak khah pha"; these dumplings are not 
 well filled. ci kai cang si kiam kai a si tiam 
 kai ? Have these dumplings a sweet or a salt 
 filling ? cang si eng tek-hieli kah kiam-chau 
 khu pak ; dumplings are tied up in bamboo 
 leaves, with a bulrush, pak cang kai tek-hieh 
 eng ke kiie jii ho, boi chau tek-hieh bi ; the 
 bamboo leaves u.sed in wrapping dumplings are 
 better after having been u.sed several times, 
 for then they will not impart a taste to the 
 dumpling. 
 
 -^^^ cang 75 A warehou.so ; godowna. 
 ^j^5 12 8 cang -pang; a store-room, 
 cang CO ; storage, tun-pang cting teng ; stored 
 in the godown. kwii-cang ; warehouses, 
 
 kang i khu cang ko khi ; go and take it out of 
 the godown for him. 
 
 cang 117 To stand up; to stand still. 
 13 5 cang kha iTi cu ; caimot 
 stand it. ceng kau i cang kha la cu; punished 
 them till they gave way altogether. i ci'-hOe 
 eng kai cang klia iTi cu to-ko; he is now wholly 
 unable to maintain his position. liang p6i° 
 
 kai bun bii kua" to cang-pang, u cia" peh nang 
 to tang khim-che lai ; the civil and military 
 otHcers stood on either side in the order of 
 their rank, about a hundred iu all, awaiting 
 the arrival of the ambassador. tS,u-thai co 
 
 jiin, i eng kliu cang-pang a min? Oti the In- 
 tendant of Circuit's coming to enter upon his 
 office, does he go to attend upon him, standing 
 where his rank prescribes? ci-ko eng kai cang 
 m cu kha; there is no foothold at all here; this 
 position cannot be maintained. 
 
 ^■^^ cang 149 To praise, as in worship. 
 pl^ 945 19 cang-miii ; extol. cheug- 
 cang ; to laud. 
 
 cang 154 To assist. 
 945 12 cang-co ; to aid. cang 
 
 seng ci kia" su ; help to bring this about. 
 
 cang 29 A classifier of trees and 
 fX 1025 16 plants, 
 cek cang hue, cek cfing chai, cek cang chiu ; a 
 flower, a vegetable, and a tree, cek cang kiie- 
 ci; a fruit tree. peh cie" chiu-cang teng; 
 
 climbed a tree, ci cang hue ngia cai, iu phang; 
 this shrub is beautiful and it is fragrant too. 
 ua thoi" ci kai cang-sin khun : tieh eng pui ; 
 I see that this plant is weak : fertilizing mat- 
 ter must be put around it. ci cang chiu sin 
 io toa, hu cang li chiu ki io coi ; this tree has 
 the larger trunk, and that one the greater 
 number of branches. kia°-se" si se° to chiu 
 cang teng ; parasites grow upon trees. 
 
 j^^ cang 44 Steps ; shelves ; gradations. 
 / pg 952 12 cek cang, no cang; one or 
 two gradations. cie" kau toi" sa" cang ; went 
 up to the third landing. thau cek cang; the 
 first in an ascending series. hu biie cang ; 
 
 the farthest off in the series, tieh u cang chu; 
 there must be gradations. tah-po-cang ; a 
 
 stairway. sa" cang lau ; a building of three 
 diminishing storeys. peh kau toi" ngo cang ; 
 
28 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 climbed to tlie fifth storey. tft ai kgh co kui 
 caiiffP How many slielves will you have put 
 into the cupboard ? pang to t6i" sa" cftng;^ put 
 it on the third shelf, thui-kch jieh coi cung i^ 
 How many steps are there in the stairs ? hu 
 km thah to ci e khu hu teng fl n6 peb gua 
 keli luli-po-crmg; that pagoda has over two 
 hundred steps iu its stairway. 
 
 cang 85 To drench by pouring from 
 
 540 8 above, 
 pun iio caug kau cek sin ; drenched by the 
 rain. cang-ek ; take sliower baths, tieh cai 
 th(5i°, m hd tang tieh nang ; must look out that 
 you do not souse people with it when pouring 
 it down. 
 
 — cap — 
 
 ^^-1-* cap 86 J nice; gravy. 
 ■{I 67 2 cui cap; the juice, chaicap; 
 the watery part of vegetables. kiam-chai 
 
 cap; the brine in which vegetables have been 
 pirkled. piu-lt) cap mai' phui cek sa°; do not 
 get betel juice all over your jacket. chio kiit 
 ce, mai° cliio kau cap-cap ; mix it stiff, do not 
 make a tliin batter of it. bo thng bo cap, ciah 
 c&i tit Idh ? Witli no moisture about it, how can 
 I eat it ? ( i Hap ka" bo mih cap ; this oraiige is 
 not very juicy. cap 16ng-16ng ; thick juice, 
 
 cap cheug-cheng; tliin juice. fo u cap ; more 
 juicy. cah-cap cah-cap nC ; of the right con* 
 Bistence. h6-cnp siap chut l&i ; the gravy of 
 the fish has oozed out. 
 
 iit^ cSng 180 The parenchymatous viscera. 
 949 18 ngS-tftng luk-hii ; all the in^- 
 teri.al organs of a body. hui, sim, pi, kua°, 
 sien, cia si kie-co ngo cftng ; tai-chiung, sfo- 
 chiang, iii, ta", phang-kuang, 8im-pau-16k, ci'a 
 si k\e-co lak hii ; the lungs, heart, spleen, liver 
 and kidneys are called the five viscera ; the 
 large and small intestines, the stomach, the 
 gall, the bladder, and the heart-case are called 
 the membraneous viscera. cftng hii siang 
 
 phue ; the two sorts of viscera are the comple- 
 ujent each of the other. 
 
 cJlng 44 A terrace. 
 052 12 sna°-.sia cek cJlng ci k cJlng ; 
 the slope of the hill is ter)-aced. n<>6 cftng Ifiu; 
 a building with five diminishing storejs. cek 
 eJing cek cJliig nang-mueh coi c&i ; there are a 
 great many people in this crowd, standing so 
 that their heads appear in ascending and re- 
 ceding tiers. 
 
 cung 154 To present ; to bestow np- 
 »"3 951 1l2 on ; to make a parting gift, 
 kau ( ang ; to present to. hong cang ; respect- 
 fully offer as a gift, li cang ang jin ; promoted 
 according to rule. cling chiii, bo cang ci° ; 
 
 give promises instead of the cash. ua cang i 
 cek peh ngun cO 16 hui ; I gave him a hundred 
 dollars for his travelling expenses, heng tit Q 
 niong nang to cang chui, su cia" s6ng ; could 
 a certain person be had as negotiator, the busi- 
 ness would be done, cang-sang ieh-i"; gave a 
 parting gift of medicinal pills. cang ke cng ; 
 make wedding presents. cang lu boi ; let you 
 have it at no profit to myself. bo mueh h6 
 
 cang lu ; I have nothing to give you as a 
 souvenir. hp tit lu cang ua cek pi cu lak ; I 
 wish you would give me a helping hand for a 
 moment. 
 
 cap 
 
 7 
 
 120 To intrench ; to encamp ; to 
 ■^^^ 4 h settle. 
 ia° cap to tl-ko ? Where is the camp set ? ci 
 cfk tui cap t5 cf, hii c6k tui cap t6 hu ; this 
 company is intrenched here, and that one 
 there. chiu" cap-ctt ; invite one to stay or to 
 put up for the night. i cap t5 sua'-thfiu ; he 
 is established at Swatow. 
 
 A^ cap 75 Documents ; writings. 
 ^\^ 7 T ciia-cap ; paper used for docu- 
 ments. Ble'-sie" u cu-cap lai liang ; com- 
 munications were constantly exchanged. I6h 
 kfti cap ; send a document. 
 
 -iij&i cfip 172 Mixed ; unassorted ; con- 
 ?ptt 939 10 fused. 
 
 c&p hue ; mixed goods, cap mueh ; all sorts of 
 things, capsu; many kinds of business, cftp 
 sek ; many colored. phah cap ; do all sorts of 
 woik. to tng phah cap; engaged in doing 
 
 odd jobs. cap kieh ; a man of all work. 
 
 Iwn-cap ; iu confusion. sim cap ; the mind 
 
 disti-acted. cfip cSi ; many different things to 
 be attended to. mai" lap-cAp ta" ; do not 
 
 garble it in the telling. lap- lap-cap-cap ; all 
 mixed confusedly. 6i° cap n^ug ; loafers, 
 
 cilp-ceng kia°; a bastard. chap-chap cap-cap ; 
 heterogeneous, lu mai" lai ci-kd chap-cap ; do 
 not come here and idle about at times when 
 others are engaged. cap bu ; sundry engage- 
 ments, cap-kap ; a mixture of many kinds, 
 cap-pe cap-b<5 kia°; a lot of scamps from various 
 places. 
 
 I -^ cap 24 Ten, a complete number. 
 
 I 768 "O toi" cap ; the tenth. cap-it ; 
 eleven. cap ciah cling ; ten tables. cftp 
 
 gua ; over ten. cia° c up kai ; about ten of 
 
 them. cap kim ; all sorts of condiments. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 29 
 
 C&p cok ; full ; complete. cap hnn lid ; 
 
 perfectly good. cap sia" sieh ; as kind as 
 
 possible, cap cliwn ; entire, rap hun tit cek ; 
 got one tenth of it. cS,p kiii kai ? How many 
 ovei- ten are there ? kiii cslp kiii ; several tens 
 of them, kvii cap iii ; several decades. c&p 
 gua nang ; more than ten persons. put kue 
 
 sii cap hang sii ; only a few^ short seasons. 
 cfi.p ji ke ; an upi-ight cross. cap ji lo-thau ; 
 
 two roads, crossing at right angles. cap, pat 
 bo cek ; does not know a tithe of it. cap u 
 
 kaa ngia; nine out of ten of them are pretty, 
 pell chia in ju ngo-cap hin; fifty per cent paid 
 down is better than a hundred per cent on 
 credit. cap-poih se°; the eighteen provinces, 
 elmn kau cap pe ki ; have ten bunches of them 
 remaining. cap u kau khu; have disposed 
 
 of nine tenths of them. it cap kai ; a single 
 ten. it ji cap ; one or two tens. it ngo, it 
 cap; five or ten at a time. cap-hun hua°-hf ; 
 wholly pleased. 
 
 , r^ cap 25 A guard house at a pass. 
 
 1^ 940 3 cftp pang; the quarters for 
 the guards. cie° cap-pang; stand on guard at 
 the guard house. cap tun ; a guard station. 
 
 >^5 cau 162 To encounter; to meet; to 
 l l^-^ 952 11 undergo ; I'ecurring ; an oc- 
 casion ; a time. 
 
 cau eh ; to meet with obstacles. cau lang ; to 
 encounter difiiculties. cau huang; met with 
 bad weather. cau ho ; met with rain. cau 
 chak-kiap ; encountered robbers. lia khu cek 
 cau, khu no cau ; I have been once and again, 
 lia ta° cek cau, ta° no cau, lu co-ni m khu cp ? 
 I have told you once and ngain, why do you 
 not go and do it ? ua ta" kue no sa" cau li'o, 
 16 hwn ill thia"; I have told you repeatedly, but 
 yet you do not heed it. cau cau ngo lu 
 
 m tieh ; it repeatedly happened that 1 did 
 not find you in. ke cek cau ; once more, 
 
 cau-thak ; to knock about and wear out 
 uselessly. 
 
 cau 119 The grains left after distill- 
 952 11 ing spirits; to corn, or pickle, 
 cia cau; sdh ciu kai cau; distillei''s grains, 
 cwn CO lai eiah kai cau ; malt made especially 
 for food, cau tu-nek ; corned pork. cau hu ; 
 cured fish. cau sie ciu ; a clear mild spirit 
 
 made from rice. ua khng u cek pau ho- 
 
 hd kai cau ; I have a pot of the best malt put 
 away. cau kau lok-lok; left in the sediment 
 of liquor till thoroughly corned. tui ci'u- 
 
 thau-cau lai tah ; put on a malt poultice. 
 
 can 64 To pay a balance ; to make up 
 34 4 the full sura ; to supply what 
 is deficient. 
 
 chun jieh coi ci" kai i cau tit ? How much cash 
 remains for the making up of the full sum ? 
 sin kai, cau co ci°; pay the remainder in cash, 
 sng h'o, cau cheng-clio hai" i ; reckon it up, and 
 then pay him the balance in full. 
 
 ~\'-- cau 156 To run ; to travel ; to get 
 Atr 9^1 away. 
 
 cau me°-me°; run quickly. cau khu ; run 
 
 away, cau lai cau khu ; run to and fro. cau 
 chut, cau jip ; run out and run in. cau ia*^ i ; 
 outrun him. cau su i; was outrun by hira. 
 
 cau m khu; cannot run. cau kau khang- 
 
 khang ; cau lio-lio khu ; khut i cau peh-peh 
 khu ; it has all run out. ciii cu to kp, boi 
 
 cau ; the water collects there, and cannot run 
 off. cau ciii, tieh cau tit cheng ; the water- 
 
 shed must be such that the water will all be 
 carried off. ci ciah cau khu khue, hu ciah cau 
 lai me"; that one went quickest, and this one 
 came soonest. kia° ho, m ho cau ; walk deco- 
 rously along and do not run. cau khu hek ; 
 tired from running. cau kau puah tieh ; ran 
 till he fell down, cau bi; lose flavor, cau khi; 
 lost its strength . khut i cau thut khu ; allowed 
 him to slip off. pai cau ; beat a retreat, 
 
 phun-cau ; a fugitive. can kiie se°; went off 
 to another province. cau kue hwn ; wont 
 
 away to foreign parts. lu cau cie" toa khu ! 
 
 Where will you run to ! lia thoi" lu cau tui 
 ti-ko khu! I think I see you running away 
 somewhere ! ai° cau, cau m li ; wanted to 
 
 escape but could not. cau choi° H be ; send a 
 swift courier. cau bun-cu; send a dispatch 
 
 in haste. cau chi° koi mS.ng ; hasten to dis- 
 pose of what will not keep. cau khu jio i ; 
 run and overtake him. chwn boi cau lau ; 
 it does not leak any. cau-lau sie-sit ; the 
 news leaked out. cau-sai ; a smuggler. cau 
 hiang; to smuggle. cau boi tit khi; can- 
 not run by. si'e cau ; ran with short steps, 
 lau-cau wn khu ; all leaked out. tau cau liah ; 
 to play tag. pui kai nang bo mih 6i cau ; 
 stout people cannot run well. thio can khu; 
 jumped away. tiin cau khu ; jeiked and 
 broke away. cio pue cau khu; the bird flew 
 off. siu cau ; swam off. cua so cau ; the 
 snake wriggled off. pe" cau ; crept off. peh 
 khi ciu cau ; got up and ran off. cau tng 
 lai ; ran back. thp cau ; ran backwards, cau 
 khui, pi i ; dodge aside and avoid it. to cau ; 
 flee away. than cau ; ran slyly away. can 
 khu iiam ; ran and hid. cau kau bp hun b6 
 fa ; gone and left no trace behind. me"-ine' 
 
30 
 
 DICTIONAUT OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 pho i cau khui ; quickly caught him up in his 
 arms and ran aside, khek lai cau sin ; carved 
 off, so as to destroy its significance, (as in 
 cutting letters). cau keh, tteh cai niueh h<5; 
 the lines made have run over the limits, Ihey 
 must be readjusted. ta" khi, pong-pong ran ; 
 just now got up and clattered oif. cau khu, 
 pi!i-p6ng-kie ; ran off boisterously. cau kau 
 hm-liiTi chwn ; ran till all out of breath. bun 
 cau ; got away through some interstice. pun" 
 chju" t-au ; got away by going over the wall, 
 bl ca'i ; swam away under water, cun tht?' cau ; 
 poled the boat quickly away. niueh cai i &.\\ • 
 caiiied the things off in a boat. thok i (in ; 
 maneuver so as to get him to go away. jlo i 
 can ; c6ng i cau ; drive hi»n away. kia° i cAn ; 
 frighten him away. than i can ; warn him 
 
 away. ham i can ; call out to him to run. 
 
 j{ar\g i cau ; drive him away by screajnini; out 
 at him. sai i cau; make him run. thua i can; 
 make him run by catching hold of him. jlo 
 i in cau ; he will not be driven off. phah si m 
 can; will not be beaten off. tMg cau; got away 
 by breaking the rope. ^ Un cau; clambered 
 
 down and fled. kwn cau ; broke away and 
 
 sped off. phiu cau ; slipped his fetters and 
 escaped. kng cau ; carried off between two 
 
 bearers, and thus escaped. tug cau ; speedily 
 passed from hand to hand on its way. bih 
 
 can; went off, keeping in ambush meanwhile, 
 khali can ; rolled away. khi" can ; clambered 
 off, holding on to something overhead. la 
 
 cau ; take it on his back and depart in haste, 
 liu cau; get away by slipping through one's 
 hands. phun cau ; got away by dodging 
 
 through a crowd. niia cau ; went off hastily 
 sitting down and shoving himself aloncr with 
 his hands. phah i m cau, io si si kai ; fired 
 
 at it and it did not run, so it was surely a 
 dead one. sie ce° cau; striving for precedence 
 in getting away. cau lio, to-tng thia", boi 
 
 cau ; ran until his stomach ached so he could 
 run no longer. cau kue si-iiang kai nang ; 
 
 a great traveller. cau kue jieh coi se" ? How 
 many provinces has he travelled in ? can 
 
 kang 6 kai nang; a tricky fellow. cSu hiSam ; 
 an escaped criminal. cau kam ; an escaped 
 
 prisoner. cau m tit ; could not escape. can 
 chak; escape from robbers. oi phau 6i cau; 
 very active. can cek se"; gad through the 
 
 whole province, cun can, cun khu jlo ; a boat 
 is required in chasing a boat ; you must spend 
 money in the recovery of money. lii cau khu 
 81 ! You ran hard enough to kill yourself! 
 (said ironically to a slow person). cau sek ; 
 to fade. kia° cun, can be sa° hun rala"; 
 
 sailors and couriers live but three tenths as 
 
 long as other people. cdu be khu a" cin-cn ; 
 
 discovering pearl.i when riding swiftly ; speed 
 does not permit careful scrutiny. kliut i can 
 tio cek choi" ngiin ; lost a thousand dollars 
 through his running away, tau kfa", can kiV; 
 sons and daughters, (so called because the one 
 goes away from home, and the other stays), 
 can-kiii kia"; a young female slave. b<Si ciiu- 
 kiii; buy a female domestic, cau koi ; an agent 
 in a shipping office. cau it; slip out of place, 
 cau slap; ooze out. jwn cau ; run at random, 
 slang can; run very hard. pia" cau; ran fast, 
 li-li tau; run right on without stopping, clie" 
 cdu ; rushes off. 
 
 ^ 
 
 cau lis A bamboo skimmer. 
 34 4 cau-loi ; a splint ladle, khieh 
 cau-ldi khu hd piig; take the bamboo skimmer 
 and dip out the rice. cang cau-lOi lai ko ; 
 
 take the skimmer and skim it out. 
 
 ip-X^ cau 86 A kitchen range ; a place 
 AX» 954 8 for cooking, cku-e ; the kit- 
 chen. cku-Hua'-thau; the top of the range, 
 hiie-c&a; a kitchen furnace, cph cau ; build a 
 range. pun cp kiii cau ; divided into several 
 households. ci kAi mfig-iau Ifti kiii hiie-cku P 
 How many families are there iu this building? 
 
 ciu 37 To report to the throne ; to 
 _ _ 962 6 make known to the govern- 
 ment; to celebrate. 
 
 can huang-ti; cau h&ang-siang; to make known 
 to the emperor, cau huang-thai-ho ; to report 
 to the empress dowager. can png ; cau cie"; 
 a memorial to the throne, cau png pang; the 
 office where memorials are prepared. cie° can ; 
 to send up a report. min cau ; to state per- 
 
 sonally to the emperor, mit cau ; a sealed 
 
 memorial. ciin cau ; to assent to a memorial, 
 pd cau ; a recommendation to mercy. can 
 
 chia" ; a petition. cau sio; a report of expen- 
 ditures, cau cih ; paper used in writing me- 
 morials, cau gauh ; to strike up the band ; to 
 play on musical instruments. 
 
 ^^ cau 20 Equal, even, alike ; uniformly; 
 
 V 1142 2" to allot equally, 
 pun cng, pun m cau ; the spoil was not equally 
 divided. ce pun lai m can, cii ai" sie ce"; if it 
 is not divided equally they will wrangle over 
 it. i kong-tfiu cai, pun kau cau-cslu ; he is 
 
 very just, and apportions it equally. chiu 
 
 cau-cau ; mix it thoroughly. hi kau c&u-cfia ; 
 stir it up till it is evenly mixed. lok kau 
 
 cau-c&u ; shake it up and down till is it of 
 uniform consistency. no ie° cham cau ; mix 
 
DICTIOXAUT OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 31 
 
 the two ingredients fully. chap kliu m ckxi ', 
 thev do not mingle thoroughly. lau-cau si 
 
 cie"- se" ; it is the same all (he way through, 
 huii hli m cau ; the whitewash is not laid on 
 evenly. ko iTi cau, u kai u, u kai ho ; the 
 
 paste is not put on smoothly, in some places 
 there is paste and. in some there is none. 
 
 ^Hl cSu 162 To form ; to create ; a party 
 jH^i 954 ~7" in a cause; to put on record, 
 oho ig bo se°-chnt u, k\e-co cau: choiig u pi"- 
 c6 bo kie-to hue ; to form something out of 
 nothing is called creating: to resolve something 
 into nothing is called dissolution. cSii hue ; 
 the changes of nature, production and dissolu- 
 tion. < au-hue, oau-hue ! How lucky ! ho 
 cSn-hue; good lu k. thcng-cau-hue ; as it 
 
 chance. ua theng-cSu-hue lai 5 I chanced to 
 
 come. lu raai" theng-caa-hue c6 ; do not do 
 
 this hMp-hazfird. cla si bo cau-hiie kai, m si i 
 own kai ; this is an unlucky accident, it is not 
 what he designed. ue mai" theng-cau-hue 
 
 ta"; do not talk at random. cau-hiie boi puah 
 tieh ; happily you did not fall. cau-hue cSi ; 
 very fortunate. sim si cS.u-hue ; exceedingly 
 lucky, bo cau-hue ciu bo; if there is no favor- 
 able chance it will not be done. m cai co hie" 
 bo cau-hue, tui-tui i iTi to ; do not know why I 
 should have been so luckless as to be there just 
 when he was absent, m cai co-ni hie" cau-hiie 
 chua lai kau ho ; do not know how it was that 
 the fates were so propitious in the bringing 
 home of the wife. keh ni iu cau-hiie se" kai 
 tau-kia"; the next year she had, moreover, the 
 good luck to bear a son. ci'a si theng-cSu- 
 
 hiie ; this is fortuitous. ci kia" su theng lu 
 
 kai cau-hue; let this matter be attended to 
 whenever you have a favorable chance. i 
 
 theug-cau-hue ai° lai; he will come when chance 
 favors. i theng-cau-hue co ; he makes some 
 
 now and then whenever he happens to have 
 the opportunity. liang c^u kai kua"-si 
 
 tl-tiang ii cheng-li ? Of the two parties in the 
 lawsuit, which is in the right ? cSu cheh ; put 
 on the recoi'ds. co su raai" cjlu chu; in 
 
 transacting business do not be flurried. cau 
 ngan, cau gu ; an entire fabrication. kha 
 
 cau hue-cam siu-sek ; skillfully made head 
 ornaments. si i cau khi-thau ; he was 
 
 the inventor. ci ciah thi''-si>''-chia si 
 
 ii-tiang cau-khf kai ? Who invented this 
 sewing machine ? i chang-cSu thi°-ti 
 
 bvvn mueh ; he created all thiugs. tai cSu 
 
 kai .su si co-ui ? What is the gist of the 
 matter ? khun cau ; a girl's horoscope, 
 
 khien cau ; a boy's horoscope. cSu ( iig ; make 
 arrangements for a funeral. kiii cau ; your 
 
 birth. lu kai kui cSu si sim-mih si jit, sim- 
 mih ni gueh ? Wheu were you born ? cia si 
 phong tieh u c5.u-huo ; this is a run of luck, 
 phong tieh ii cSu-hue lia ciu lai; when cir- 
 cumstances are propitious I will come. png 
 tiam eu cS,u kai ; made in our own shop ; home 
 manufactures. lu kai Qe si png liam cu cSu ; 
 this is story which you yourself make up. 
 theng-cau-hije cng ; to use as we may happen 
 to want it. theng-cJiu-hite boi; sells it when- 
 ever he happens to have a chance. thengf 
 cau-hiie khu; goes now and then according to 
 circumstances. theng-cS,u-hue ai"; whenever 
 it happens that it is wanted. 
 
 cSu 122 A protecting cover; to cover. 
 
 34 8 cS,u miu kai p6 ; a vail for 
 the face. kle (;au ; a cover to keep the dust 
 
 from a sedan. teng c3,u; a lamp shade. eng 
 mueh cS,u mi", cia" boi chue tieh liuang, ia boi 
 nah-sap ; take something and cover it up, then 
 the wind will not blow upon it, and it will 
 not become soiled. 
 
 cSu 100 A black, or very dark gray 
 
 954 2 color ; lictors. 
 cau-hwn; copperas. ni cau-hwn ; color with 
 copperas, cau-kak ; legumes of the Gledltschia 
 Sinetisis, used in making coarse soap. cSu- 
 
 pang ; cau ti ; lictors ; criers in a cortege, 
 cSu-cong ; the chief lictor. cau-thau ; head 
 
 lictors. put hun cSu peh ; does not discrimi- 
 nate between black and white ; unreasonable. 
 
 yj^^ ce 210 To abstain ; a fast ; lenten 
 J^^ 10 ~3" fare ; a study or closet, 
 cu-ce ; a student's room. co cu-ce, ha sie te ; 
 sit in the study and blow hot tea; elegant 
 leisure. tiang-si khui cu-ce ? When will the 
 school begin ? ciah ce ; to live solely on 
 
 vegetables, as do many devout Buddhists, ce- 
 kai ; to live as a vegetarian, tiang-si piet ce? 
 When does the fast end ? ciah tng ce ; fast 
 perpetually, ciah hue ce ; fast at certain tixed 
 periods. kia"-jit tiii ce-khi ; to-day is a fast- 
 day, ciah ce p6 cek ak ; fast as an offset to 
 wickedness. cia pia" si ce kai a .si chp kai ? 
 
 Is this sort of cake lenten fare or not ? ci ie° 
 chai u nang ta" si ce kai, u nang ta" si chp 
 kai ; some say this vegetable is ^ lenten fare, 
 and some say it is not. ce tng ; a temple 
 
 whose inmates fast. ce ma ; women who 
 
 abstain from animal food. cp mang-ce, a si 
 
 CO kong-tek ? Is it to be a private or a public 
 funeral ? 
 
32 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 n 
 
 c4 38 An elder Bister. 
 973 6^ ce-mue ; sisters. ke ce ; ray 
 
 sister. leng c4 ; your sister. toa ce, jl c6 ; 
 the eldest and the next to the eldest sister, ce 
 hu ; an elder sister's husband. sin b6i kfti a- 
 ce kfa"; a newly bou<^ht concubine. sdk sin 
 
 kS,i a-ce ; a concubine taken out of a brothel, 
 chiah-kha ce ; a natural footed concubine or 
 slave. 
 
 ce 9 A debt. 
 
 10 11 kluani c6; owe a debt. hfti" 
 ce ; pay a debt. ce-cu ; creditor. ce-kia"; 
 
 debtor. ci°-c^ ; the money due. ju tlid iSu 
 ce ; as difTicult as the collecting of an old debt, 
 khiam nfing kui cb ; to owe some one. c6i" 
 
 86° coi" 81 kliiani lu kai ce ! In a former life I 
 died indebted to you I suppose ! tlid ce ; 
 
 demand what is due. p^'ig ch ; lend money ; 
 shave notes. th(5 ce kui ; a troublesome 
 
 imp. th(5 ch kia°; a bad child of mine, 
 
 sent to rae as a punishment for sin. ci°-ce 
 
 sbi ku ; the debt is of little consequence. ce 
 hoi" wn ; the debt is paid in full. lap n&ng 
 
 cek sin c^; owes a debt that it will take all his 
 life to pay. ci°-ce lap pin mak ; in debt up to 
 his eyes. ci"-ce bo thang hd h&i"; not where- 
 with to pay the debt. ce i7i kio i th<5 ; would 
 not demand the amount due from him. ci tlo 
 ci^-ce cHu-hue i Hen tieh lia, i7i kio ua thd ; 
 peradventure he may have pity upon me, and 
 not demand the amount of this debt. c6 hai" 
 bile cheng, hok si phoi to sio teng, hok si 
 pliah siu-toa" kliut nAng ; when the debt is 
 paid in part only, perhaps the amount paid 
 will be entered on the account, or perhaps a 
 receipt will be given for it. 
 
 ^ c6 1 Once; nt once; as soon as; 
 
 1095 at the time ; before verbs it 
 often makes the participial form, 
 ce thoi" ciu pat ; knew it at one glance. ce 
 
 thak flu pat ; knew it after once reading it. 
 ce oh ciu 6i ; having learned yon will be able, 
 jl ce si'a (iu sek ; by writing the letters you be- 
 come familiar with them. ohui ce ta° kii eiu 
 kut ; by saying them over constantly you get 
 so tliat you can pronounce them easily, ce lai 
 ciu u loa-bo-mueh nang; when they once come 
 there will be a host of people, ce klm ciu hie" 
 kii ; when he does go he stays a long time, 
 ce cp ciu seng ; as soon as he began he accom- 
 plished it. ce pe° eiu boi ciah ; on becoming 
 ill he could not eat. ce sie° tieh ciu khi ; 
 
 whenever he thinks of it he becomes angry. 
 ce ta" ciu hau" ; as soon as it was spoken of he 
 consented. ce khiu ciu kheng ; as soon as it 
 
 was asked for he assented. liQ c6 loh cln loli 
 ni hau" hiah ; when it once begins to rain, it 
 rains as if it would never stop. mai" ce co 
 
 ciu cp ni hiah ; do not go on forever when you 
 have once begun. lia ce thoi" r7i ki", lu 
 
 ciu can; whenever am not looking, you run off. 
 lia ce hb t6, lu cp-nl do m thak ? Why is it 
 that you stop studying, whenever I am ab- 
 sent? ua ce chut koi, lu k&i mng tieh cie' htf. 
 h<5 ; when I am gone out, you must watch the 
 door carefully, mai" ce ciah ciu ciah kau cie' 
 c5i ; when you do eat, do not eat so much, 
 lia c6 ta" ciu si cie-se"; when I have once said a 
 thing I adhere to it. iia ce ham, lu ciu tieh 
 
 Ifii ; when 1 call yon, you must come. i cS 
 
 chie lu ciu soil cp ke kai ; when he laughed 
 you mistakenly thought it was untrue. c6 
 
 kau-chap ciu cai ; while associating with him 
 you will Gnd out. c6 thia" da \n ; answered 
 as soon as I lieard. 
 
 jl^ c5 7 An adverb of comparison, ana- 
 , ~~^ 796 5 logons to the termination er ; 
 partly ; rather. c6 h<5 c6 ; make a better one. 
 khiie c6 ; speedier. 86i c€ ; smaller, t&ng c6 ; 
 heavier. tkm eg ; wetter. chit ta eg ; wipe 
 it dryer, thiu kng-kut eg ; plane it smoother. 
 s6i chcng-khih eg ; wash it cleaner, sau p^h 
 eg ; sweep it cleaner, cfl-soi ce ; be more care- 
 ful, iia" c6 ; later, ca eg ; earlier. 
 
 l^ '■ cS A contraction of cek e ; once ; 
 
 1 183 a little while ; for a while, 
 
 khut lia th6i" eg ; let me take a look at it, 
 theng ce ; wait a bit. tang ua eg ; wait for me 
 an instant. hi° eg ; give it a shake. khut i 
 
 phak eg ; let it sun a little. 
 
 eg 40 A stockade; a palisade ; a hold; 
 ..?Hr 10 11 a corral. 
 
 ia" <g ; barracks. sua" eg ; a hill fortress, 
 
 chak eg; a bandit's hold, kiap eg ; to plunder 
 a post. ce cu ; the owner of a stockade, 
 
 hie" eg ; a forti6ed village. eg cab ; the gates 
 of a fortress, ce mng ; the entrance to a hold, 
 ce chie"; the wall of a stronghold, ce l2.i ; 
 
 within a guarded retreat. 
 
 ce" 6 To wrangle ; to strive : to emu- 
 
 29 6 late, 
 ce" soi"; strive for precedence. ce" kong ; 
 
 emulate merit. hau" ce"; quarrelsome. ce"- 
 to ; to qnarrel. ce" ui-chu ; contest a position, 
 ce" chi toh chang ; wrangle about the wife, and 
 seize upon the land. 8p ce" u hSn ; the diffe- 
 rence is a slight one. sie ce"; to contend, sie 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 33 
 
 ce" boi, sie ce" boi; rivals in trade, sie re" ke- 
 hiio ; a squabble about tools. sie ce° kfa°; a 
 
 contention in regard to their children, sie ce" 
 sie ji'ang ; disputing in loud tones, sie ce° lio, 
 sie phah ; a dispute leading to blows. nin s(5 
 ce" kai to si bo-siang-kang kai su ; what you 
 are contending about is a very unimportant 
 matter. cia to mien .sie ce° ksli ; this is some- 
 thing that there need be no debate about, ai" 
 sie ce" mih su ? What occasion is there for 
 wrangling about it ? 
 
 ^4fl ce" 7 A well ; a deep pit. 
 y I 993 2 ce" cui ; well-water. chl-ce° 
 
 kai nang ; a huckster ; a loafer. khui ce"; 
 
 Hn ce"; dig a well. ko ce"; an old well, 
 
 kham ce'*; to cover a well, thun tie ce"; fill up 
 a well, put ce"; clean out a well, ce" ki"; the 
 brink of a well. ce" pi"; beside a well. ce" 
 kha; by ihe well, ce" teng; a roof over a well, 
 ce" chie"; the walls of a well, co ce", kwn thi"; 
 sitting in a well looking at the heavens ; an in- 
 experienced person. leng ho" ce"; the aqua- 
 rium at the entrance of a temple, under the 
 images of the dragon and the tiger. ^^g^^ 
 
 ce"; money vaults. thim ce"; an open court 
 
 within a house. ce" kho ; well rounds. ce" 
 cua"; a well spring. ce" toi ; the bottom of a 
 well. ce" min ; the top of a well. tio-p ce"; 
 a well with a sweep. koi" ce"; the hollow 
 
 above the collar bone, ce" siu ; the 22nd cons- 
 tellation, six .stars in Gemini. lau ce"; a trap 
 door in the floor of an upper storey. ui ce"; 
 the socket in which a mast is set. lim kuah, 
 kut ce"; wait until thirsty, before digging a 
 well. sua ce"; a pit in the sand, to hold the 
 water of an ebbing tide. ce" ham; the side 
 
 of the well has caved in. cieh ce"; a crevasse 
 in rocks. hu ce"; deep places where fish hide 
 in pools. 
 
 m 
 
 ce" 170 A pitfall. 
 
 994 4 hara-ce" ; a trap for wild 
 beasts. liu kai ham-ce" l&i tie" i ; dug a pit 
 
 and entrapped him. 
 
 n^ ce" 72 The clear blue sky; the 
 H H 996 8 weather clearing up after a 
 storm. 
 
 thi" ce" k(5 ua ; long continued drought. ho 
 ce"; the rain has ceased, ce" ta ; dr}^ weather, 
 thi" ce"; clear weather. ce" kii h'o ; it cleared 
 up long ago. thi" ai" ce" h'o ; it is clearing 
 
 already. ho loh ili hau" ce"; it rains as if it 
 
 would never stop. tieh ii pak huang cia" oi 
 
 ce"; if the north wind came up, it would then 
 clear. ci cap jit, thi" boi ce"; there has been 
 
 no sunshine these ten davs. oi ce" ua clu ki' 
 khu ; should it clear, I shall go. cek choi" 
 
 ngAu png ci" cp cek ni ciu ce" khu ; got rid of 
 a thousand dollars of capital in one year. n§ 
 ce"-ce", huh-jien ciu toa huang ho ; a sudden 
 tempest in bright weather. 
 
 •^^ ce" 174 Still, quiet, noiseless. 
 Ry 994 8" ce"-ce°; very etill. tlam-ce"; 
 motionless and noiseless. ua°-ce"; quietly, 
 
 ara-ce"; secretly. thiam-ce"; undisturbed, 
 
 thim-ce"; sunk in oblivion. ce"-s6i ; attentive, 
 sim tieh ce"-s6i thoi" khu, cia" u tit ; you must 
 pay close attention and then you will retain 
 something of what you study. me" ce", ke" 
 
 chira ; in the stillness of the midnight. ce" 
 
 sie"; quietly think. ce"-ce" khu cp; noiselessly 
 went and did it. m ce"; unquiet. khah ce"; 
 too lonely. ce" chio-chio ; perfectly noiseless, 
 tiam huang, ce" nng ; still air. ce°-ce", b6 
 
 nang cai ; quietly so as to let no one know. i 
 kai ngan-sin io ce"; the expression of his eye 
 indicates a quiet mind. 
 
 — ceh — 
 
 >^^ ceh 120 To splice threads. 
 7|»^ 986 11 phang ceh ; to spin and splice 
 threads. ceh coi ; to join the fibers used in 
 
 weaving cloth. ceh u yeh coi coi ? How 
 
 much thread have you prepared ? 
 
 ceh 154 To reprove ; to reprimand ; 
 
 957 4 to be responsible for; a duty; 
 a charge ; a fault. cu ceh ; self reproach, 
 
 ceh-hwt ; to punish. ceh-pi ; to reprimand, 
 
 ceh-mng; to interrogate reprovingly. kue- 
 
 ceh ; faults. khin ceh ; a duty of easy per- 
 
 formance, tang ceh ; a heavy responsibility, 
 ceh seng ; to carry through. ci'a si lia kai ceh 
 seng ; this duty devolves upon me. ceh-jim 
 
 tang cai ; a very weighty responsibility. toa 
 ceh-jim ; important duties. poh-poh ceh ce; 
 to reprove slightly. tS.ng ceh si-cap poi"; 
 
 a punishment of forty blows with a heavy bam- 
 boo, ceh-rae"; to reproach in violent terms, 
 ci kai ceh-jim m-hp tho ; this responsibility 
 cannot not be evaded. tng ci kS,i ceh-jim; 
 
 bear this responsibility. 
 
 ceh 128 Official duty ; title ; office. 
 70 12 ceh-jim ; an office and its 
 duties, ceh hun ; the duties of an office, kua" 
 ceh ; official title. ceh wn ; a functionary of 
 
 any grade under a red button. sip ceh ; a 
 
 hereditary office. keh ceh ; deprive of office, 
 ui su keh ceh ; throw up an office through fear 
 of it difficulties. toa ceh hue ke ; retire from. 
 
34 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 office, retaining the official titles. sin ceh ; to 
 receive office, ceh su; the business connected 
 with an office. t/en-su put leng si tit ceh ; 
 
 an inferior justice cannot take leave of his 
 official duties. hong slm-inih kua" cell ? 
 
 What official title has been conferred upon 
 him ? 
 
 I ll ceh 9 Oblique or inclined, (used in 
 //V 959 2 reference to the eight tones), 
 phe" ceh ; the even and the inclined tones, ceh 
 sia"; the other than the two even tones. ceh 
 un ; rhymes in the inclined tones. c{ k&i jl si 
 phe" a si ceh ? Has this letter an even or an 
 inclined tone ? 
 
 — cek — 
 
 'KS ^®^ -^ A candle. 
 A^l 97 13 lah cek ; wax candles. cui 
 cek ; a cat-tail rush. ce cek ; candles having 
 no animal fat in them, chp cek ; a suet tandle. 
 boi c6k tiii loa cek ; buy a couple of large can- 
 dles, tfam cek ; Ham cek ; light a candle. 
 soi° suah cek ; previously prepare the candles 
 for lighting, by lighting and inverting thera 
 for a moment. ie cek ; make candles. pun 
 kue cek; blow out the candle. teng-nang 
 khu cie° cek; go and put a candle in the 
 lantern. so cek-sim ; twist candle wicks. 
 dim cek kut ; insert a peg in the lower end of 
 the candle. cek tieh boi k3.u lah kfii, huang 
 cia" chue bo hie" 6i lui ; in buying candles, get 
 those made chiefly of wax, and then they will 
 not be so apt to run down when the wind blows 
 on them. cek kue kliui ; the candle has gone 
 out. chiu mui" ji'i tieh cek-iu ; do not get 
 your hands daubed with candle grease. cek 
 sai ; the snuff from a candle, ho khu a ki cek 
 lai tiam ; go and get a candle and light it. 
 ci ki cek h'am lio bo hie° kng ; this candle 
 does not give a good light, chai-hue kai cek ; 
 a candle of varied colors. tang pang hue- 
 cek ; the candles in a bridal chamber. chong 
 thi" lah cek ; an enormous candle used in an 
 illumination in the open air. cek tui; a candle- 
 stand, cek kong ; a small candle-stick, 
 t^ng cek, siah cek, peh-thih cek ; a brass, 
 pewter, or tin cylinder, Jiolding oil and a wick 
 for burning it. cek-taikha; siah eek-kha; a 
 candle-stick holder. cek-tih ; a low candle- 
 stick. 
 
 -til cek 29 A father's younger brother. 
 *C^ 779 6 a-cek; cek-pe; father's young- 
 er brother, cek kong ; lS,u cek ; c6 cek ; grand 
 father's younger brother. cek peh hia^-ti ; 
 
 male cousins, whose fathers were brothers. 
 
 chin cek-pe; pau cek; father's own jounger 
 brother, the two having the same mother, cek 
 tiet ; uncle and nephew. hlu cek kong ; great 
 grandfather's younger brother. a-cek kia"; 
 
 an uncle's infant <;hild. thang a-cek ; gi-and- 
 father's younger brother's son. cuang a-cek ; 
 great grandfather's younger brother's grand- 
 son. c6k cek; a distant cousin on the father's 
 side. Koi cek; what a wife calls her husband's 
 younger brother. 
 
 J^^ cek 115 To store up, to accumulate, 
 'T^ 986 11 to increase, to multiply. 
 CJ'k huk ; happiness derived from works of 
 SHpererogulion, (a phr-ase used by Buddhists), 
 cek ak ; an accutnulation of sins. cek-thiok ; 
 to araasR. tun-cek ; to heap up. tun-cek oi"- 
 ngfin ; to amass wealth. cek tek ; to increase 
 in goodness. cek ni; added years. jit cek 
 gueh liii ; days and months multiply. cek ni, 
 liii gueh ; a prolongation of life. Iiii-cek c6 
 
 c6k e; collect in a single sum. p6i° cek ua°; 
 to adjudicate the accumulated cases. cu-cek 
 CO cek tu ; congregate in one swarm. cek 
 
 hueh ; the blood has settled there. cek khi ; 
 to nurse wrath. kii ni kai cek tak ; the 
 
 poisonous accumulations of many years. cek 
 kii kai mueh ; long hoarded things. cek ku 
 kai pe°; a disease of many years standing, sio 
 huang khu cek; aperient and cathartic, 
 phua" cek hueh ; relieve congestion. 
 
 cek 86 To estimate ; to sound ; to 
 
 900 9' fathom. 
 cek-^ng ; to conjecture ; to calculate ; to make 
 an estimate. co-''^ cek-.'-ng to in chut ; 
 
 however much I cogitate upon it, I cannot 
 make it out. ce cek-sng cu chut; as soon 
 
 as you reckon it over you will see what it 
 amounts to. 
 
 W] 
 
 cek 18 A rule; a standard; where- 
 956 7 fore; in that case, 
 huap-cek ; a rule or pattern to go by. it cek 
 co-ni, ji cek co-ui ? What is the first step in 
 the process, and what the second ? it cek 
 
 loll ho, jl cek cie° sie, chTing ciu koi hwt; 
 firstly there must be rain, and secondly there 
 must be warmth, then tlie rice will readily 
 sorout up. cie°-.se" iu (U cek khp, lu'e-se" ciu 
 twn-twn ill- ho ; that method may answer, but 
 the other will assuredly not do. jien-cek, lu 
 cp-ni ta° ? If so, then what say 3'ou ? siii cek 
 si cie''-se''; this is then the case. cek li; rules 
 and regulations. siang cek chang, tong cek 
 chang, hia cek ch&ng ; the upper, middle, aud 
 lower field. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 85 
 
 cek 115 Pnnioled niillet. 
 r3C ^87 ~To su cek ; the two kinds of 
 millet. ci sla i;ek toa"; the altar at which 
 
 offerings are made to the gods of the land and 
 of grain. 
 
 ,_ cek 1 
 
 1095 
 Dang ; a person 
 ki pit ; a pen. 
 mueli ; a thing 
 cek ko bak ; a cake of ink 
 a bird. cek ciah gu; an ox 
 
 One ; a, an, the ; entire. 
 
 cek te'iig bo ; a cap. cek k3,i 
 cek kia° .su ; an affair. cek 
 
 cek ki teng; a lamp. cek ie" 
 cek khiiii p6; a roll of cloth, 
 cek ciah ci'o ; 
 cek ciah cun ; 
 a bout. cek ciah chiu ; one hand. cek kha 
 Bie"; a box. cek liii hue; a flower. cek c9,ng 
 chiu ; a tree. cek tio sph ; a rope, cek khiiu 
 phun ; a grave. cek co thah ; a pagoda, cek 
 koi" pang; a room. cek lua .sa"; a jacket, 
 
 cek liap tau ; a bean, cek tali hfin ; a cumulus 
 cloud. cek tio huu ; a fldk of cloud. cek 
 bo chang ; a field. c^k khu hng ; a garden, 
 
 cek kiu .sua"; a ball of thread. cek pi" sua"; 
 a skein of thread. cek chph bf ; a small 
 
 quantity of rice. cek pe iam ; a handful of 
 
 Bait. cek pliong sua; a double-handful of 
 
 sand. cek tun thoa"; a heap of coal. cek 
 thah cu-cheh ; a pile of books. c6k png cu ; 
 
 a book. cek khuh ciii ; a puddle of water, 
 
 cek in cieh; a tier of stone.s. cek kah lia"; a 
 set of ten rice bowls, cek cun ciii ; a bottle of 
 wator. cek phe hue ; an apronfull of flowers, 
 cek pau thng ; a package of sugar. cek tit 
 
 ueh ; a perpendicular stroke. cek pe cha; 
 
 a bundle of fire- wood. cek phx° mng ; a door, 
 cek to nang ; one generation. cek pak cang ; 
 a dumpling, cek tui koi; a pair of fowls, cek 
 sang 6i ; a pair of shoes. cek tui pia"-i()ng; a 
 company of soldiers. cek khuii is"; a flock of 
 sheep. cek khun nang ; a throng of people, 
 
 cek ueh ; a dash. cek phuah ; a stroke to the 
 left. cek tiam ; a dot. cek cue ; a line, 
 
 cek hieh cheh ; a leaf of a book. cek phien 
 
 cu ; a page of a book. cek ciie hun ; a crease. 
 cek cue pliang ; a crack. cek hang cu ; a 
 
 column in a book. cek cue ji ; a column of 
 
 letters. cek ui nang-kheh ; a guest. cek 
 tie" ciia ; a sheet of paper, cek tu ngun; a pile 
 of dollars. cek tu mi"-hne ; a small quantity 
 of flour. cek huang ngun ; a senled packet 
 
 of dollars. cek phit p6 ; a whole piece of 
 
 cloth. c^k tang pia"; a cylinder full of cakes, 
 cek ie kun; a petticoat, cek pa pui ; a pimple, 
 cek to phu-tho ; a cluster of grapes. cek bde 
 Lu ; a fish, cek tioh he"; a prawn, cek phau 
 te ; a drawing of tea. chong cek phau te ; 
 
 infuse some tea. c^k thiap ieh ; a dose of 
 
 medicine, cek phit be ; a horse, cek tio ci°; 
 
 a string of cash. cSk sia" ci"; a portion of 
 
 money. cek hQn ke-ngiap; a portion of an 
 
 estate, cek hong sua"; a hill. cSk ke" ceng ; 
 a harpsichord. cek pak ji-ue ; a drawitig, 
 
 cek phien cha; a splinter, cek ndi huti-kuah; 
 a hill of potatoes. cek hwn phue ; a coverlet. 
 cSk te" chai ; a bunch of vegetables. c6k ph5 
 tek; a clump of bamboos. c6k cun ang-kfa"; a 
 doll, cek lap ciii ; a dipperfuU of water, cek 
 phiak clioi; a batch of dough. hai lia cp lio 
 cek phueh choi ; put me to useless trouble; 
 made me waste m}' labor. c6k ciu kie ; c^k 
 
 tun kie ; c6k lio kie ; a bridge. cek kii, cek 
 
 kii; sentence by sentence. lu cai via cek kii 
 
 si cek ku ; you know I mean what I say 
 and that there is no recanting nor shuffling, 
 cek bwn ; ten thousand. hu cSk kai ; that 
 
 one hd cek jit ; that day. hiah ke c^k jit; 
 stay a day longer. hu cek p6i° ; on that side. 
 ci cek nang ; this individual. cek sin thia"; 
 
 my whole body aches. se" cdk sin piii ; the 
 
 whole person covered with prickly heat. cSk 
 rain khut mang ka kau cek tiam cek tiam 9,ng- 
 9,ng ; his face has been bitten by mosquitoes 
 till it is all little red dots, i cek p6i° chxu boi 
 khieh phu ; he cannot raise his hand. c§k ut ; 
 at a right angle ; a sharp turn. cek khek cek 
 khek ; winding. cek pai, cek pS,i ; spread in 
 rows, cek cak kia""; a short section, c^k khip 
 cek khip khua"-khua" seng; round by round, 
 gradually ascended. cSk keh cek keh khi 
 
 khu; mounted step by step. cek kauh cek 
 
 kauh khieh-khi ; take it up roll by roll. cie* 
 thui cek po cek po ; went up the stairway step 
 by step. kia" lo c^k huah cek huah ; strode 
 along tlie road. cek lu cgk lu ; hummocks 
 
 at short distances apart. cek cang c6k cang ; 
 shelf by shelf. cek leng, cek leng ; furrow 
 
 by furrow. cek ceng cek ceng; cup after 
 
 cup. cek raak cek mak ; mesh by mesh, 
 
 cek ge cek ge ; having spikes. cek phau cek 
 phau ; tufted. cdk kak cek kak ; having 
 
 corners, or angles, cgk coih cek coih; in slices, 
 cek cng, cek cng ; brick by brick. cek h&p, 
 
 cek hap; clash after clash (of cymbals). cek 
 cih cek cih ; in even folds. c6k phiak, cek 
 
 phiak; batch by batch. cek ie" cek ie"; twig 
 by twig. cek cSm cek cSm; stage by stage. 
 
 cek cak cek cak ; verse by verse. cek cie" cek 
 cie"; chapter after chapter. cek iam cak iam ; 
 in gradations, one above another, (as garments 
 of unequal length, as mountains, or as slats in 
 a shutter). cek seh cek .seh; piece by piece, 
 (as pork that is laid out for sale). c§k sueli 
 si sie°-ce°; that is one explanation of it. lu 
 cai sie" cdk sie"; you think it over again, 
 ceng cek sie" cia, cek sie" hi'a ; plant a bed of 
 
36 
 
 DICTIONAUY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 this and a bed of that. \ki cek bSng tia"; 
 
 carae only once, phah i c6k e; struck him once, 
 cheno; cek teiig p6 ; wore only one thickncHs of 
 clothing. cek e cek e; stroke by stroke, 
 
 khu cek cua tia"; went only once. thia" cek 
 
 kiie ; heard it once. i''-keng thoi" cek kue Ho; 
 have already seen it once. khu cek hie; go 
 once. khu cek tng tIa"; go only once. cek 
 si sio" Ml chut; cannot just now think of it. 
 cek si cek kbek to m oi"; have not a moment's 
 leisure. khu kau cek iii ; was there a year, 
 cek k4i giieh khii si ha.rig ; goes four times a 
 month, lu to lu cek pi° li, lia co lia cek pi" li; 
 you attend to your affairs, and 1 will attend to 
 mine. khia to cek pi"; stand on one side, 
 
 cek chiu sin se° ceiig-ceng ko-siii ; the trunk 
 of the tree is all covered with mould fliea. 
 pang CO cek tit ; put them down so as to make 
 a straight row. cek tit cau ; ran straight on. 
 cek tit tng lai ; carae straight back. ke c6k 
 khun-kia"; a little while longer. cek mak 
 
 nib ; in just a second. Q c6k khun ; quite a 
 long wbile. c6k siap-si ; a little while. c6k 
 tng sin ciu Ifti ; will be here in the time it 
 takes to turn around. hui c6k bui ; turn 
 
 around once. cek thio clu khi khu; went up 
 at one jump. niap c6k kai koi"; lay a plait. 
 
 c6k kai cub, cek kai cub ; dimpled. c6k bu to 
 che ; a set of knives and forks. cek koi" c6k 
 keb khuab cS,i ; taking all the rooms together, 
 it is very spacious, cek cbu cek cbii m sie t&ng; 
 it is different in different places. cek kai 
 
 kbang, cek kai khang ; interstices at regular 
 intervals. cek kuii ; one catty. cek nie ; one 
 ounce. cSk kbwn; of one kind, cek lui nAng; 
 one class of people. cek sut-kia" ho-cie ; a 
 
 little pepper. lob cek chob ki'a" si-iu; put 
 
 in a little soy. till cdk nih-kia" cho lob-kbu; 
 drop in a very little vinegar. cek sut-kia". 
 
 nib ; cek sut-kia"-ni ; just the least bit. cek 
 thiii tu-nek ; a leg of pork. cek tbiii koi ; a 
 
 quarter of a fowl. cek ia°, cek ia°; en- 
 
 campments at short distances from each other, 
 extending over a considerable space. cek 
 
 tui cek tui ; in companies, stationed a little 
 distance apai't. u cek k&i ciu 6i cp tit ; if I 
 
 bad one only, I could get along. u ke cek 
 
 kai ciu ho ; if there were one more it would be 
 enough. cek jit ta" ue bo biab ; talked the 
 
 wbole day without stopping. cek me" bo ut ; 
 did not sleep any all night, ciii pbun cek koi"; 
 the water spattered all around. cek ni bo 
 
 Boi ; did not wash it during an entire year, 
 c^k m^° to phueb ue ; talked through tbe entire 
 night. cek si nang; all his lifetime. min 
 teng cek tab o-o ; a black spot on bis face, 
 cek kai cbau-cang ; a rick of straw. kbun 
 
 cSk kbiin chau ; make a hay stack. cu-cbang 
 cii-cbang chin-cbie" ci cek ko cui-phueb ; 
 porous like this sponge. cek cbiet kfii su to 
 si ua li ; tbe whole affair was managed by me. 
 cek-ki-llu; from that time on; during tbe 
 whole time; from then till now continuously ; 
 at one stretch. cek-ki-liu si eng i ; has em- 
 
 ployed hini froin tbe beginning. c6k-ki-liu to 
 ci-ko kbia-kiii; have lived here all the time. 
 
 ySS c6k 85 Humid ; enriched ; redolent. 
 i'Hp 958 13 tek cek ; rich in virtues, un 
 cek; rich in mercy. kong cek; rich in merit, 
 jun cek; rich in moisture, ho cek; moistened 
 with showers. cek kip S,u sj ; benefit after 
 
 ages. c£k kip tl e ; to enrich tbe whole earth. 
 
 — ceng — 
 
 Mceng 167 A small cup. 
 106 9 cfu ceng ; a wine cup. 
 td ceng ; a tea cup. id cetig p&a" ; a saucer. 
 
 167 
 
 ceng lov 
 
 A bell with flaring month. 
 
 106 12 phah ceng; ring a bell. 
 
 ceng bfang a bOe ? Has the bell rung yet ? 
 
 si-ceng; a clock, ceng-ke ; a belfry, si-ceng- 
 ke ; a cluck shelf, cd-ceng; a clock that stands 
 on a broad base. c6k ti'am ceng ; one o'clock, 
 sa" tfara piia' ceng; half past three o'clock, 
 lu tboi" si-ceng k^i ti'am ; look at the clock and 
 see what time it is. kbk ceng; ring a bell by 
 beating upon it. kbio ceng lui ko ; ring bells 
 and sound drums. cuang bak ceng ; ring a 
 
 wooden bell ; to intrust business to a fool, 
 ceng biang i7i tiii si ; tbe bell rang out of time, 
 siu-sip ceng pie kai nang; one who repairs 
 clocks and watches, ceng bQe bfang i soi" l&i ; 
 be came before tbe bell rang. 
 
 ceng 134 To pound with a pounder, 
 
 115 6 held vertically, 
 ceng bi ; to pound rice. ceng cbie°; to 
 
 pound up a wall, ceng tho ; to pound up clay, 
 ceng choi ; to pound rice flour. ceng th&ng- 
 in-bue ; to make putty. ceng ieh-i"; make 
 
 pills, ceng ci co kiie ; make dough for cakes, 
 lu lai ceng, ua lai thai ; you pound and I will 
 sift. i7i-b(5 ceng tieb i kai chiu ; do not pound 
 her band. ceng kau cbui-cbiii ; pound it up 
 into small fragments. ceng kau bu-bu ; pul- 
 verize it finely. 
 
 •jSe ceng 64 To batter ; to knock about ; 
 j'tf' 784 IT to run against, 
 ceng mng ceng bo ; batter down doors. ceng 
 lia", tng tib ; smash tbe dishes, ceng puab lob 
 khu ; knocked down by being run against. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 37 
 
 ceng ka-lauhcek kai klii; had a tooth knocked 
 out. ceng kau lufik lia" ceng ; knocked hira 
 BO as to cause his eye to swell up. tho ceng ; 
 knock things to pieces, as in anger, ceng kau 
 i boi kia" ; mauled him so he could not walk. 
 th6i° keng sie leng, thoi" teng sie ceng ; 
 pushing to see a tine view, or mauling each 
 other at a puppet show. 
 
 ceng 64 
 30 8 
 
 To strike with a horizontal 
 ^ ^ sti'oke. 
 
 liah h'o tiii i kai sim-kua° li-li ceng; seized 
 him, and struck him repeatedly in the chest, 
 ceng tieh i kai hiap-e ; struck him in the side, 
 ceng tieh ka-ciah, ceng bo hi ; it is of no use to 
 hit him on his back. 
 
 ceng 102 ceng-se"; cattle ; domestic 
 98 6 animals, 
 chi u jieh coi ceng-se" ? How many domestic 
 animals do you keep ? ceng-se° k&i much sek 
 cai ; dumb creatures are very knowing. au 
 
 ceng-se" ! You nasty brute ! 
 
 ^.^^ ceng 119 The germinating principle; 
 '|f5 99^ ~8^ t,he essence; before another 
 adjective it sometimes makes that adjective 
 intensive. 
 
 ceng-khi ; the quintessence ; animal vigor, 
 u ceng-sin ; vigorous ; sprightly. ceng-leng; 
 spirited. ceng-sin cok cai ; full of vitality, 
 
 bo ceng-sin ; no vitality. ceng-sin khun- 
 
 toa"; a low state of the nervous system ; weak 
 vitality. se" lai ceng-sin cai ; naturally very 
 vigorous. sang m&k hob ceng-sin ; eyes 
 
 bright and indicative of health. sin-khi bo 
 
 h§ng, ceng-hueh u heng ; vitality is invisible, 
 but the vascular system may be seen. ceng- 
 kha ; skilled. ceng pia°; picked men. ceng 
 Boi ; very small. ceng cho ; very ugly. ceng 
 bio; very subtle. ceng-chiie ; the raari'ow. 
 
 ceng-khi cliong cok ; abundant animal vigor. 
 p6-iah ceng-kh\ ; recuperate the animal vigor, 
 ceng-khi poh ; weak vitality, sim si se" ceng- 
 hueh ; excellent for strengthening the system. 
 p6 ceng, meng mak; strengthening the nervous 
 system improves the sight. 
 
 ceng 60 To reduce to submission, or 
 74> 5 to chastise refractory states, 
 chut ceng; go out to war against rebels, ceng 
 tu ; to exterminate the rebels. ceng hwt; to 
 subdue and punish. lam ceng, pak thau ; the 
 south subjugated and the north brought under 
 authority. ceng-pi f^u-ia ; a clerk of the taxes 
 in a district magistrate's yamun. chut ceng 
 pia"; veteran troops ; tried warriors. chut 
 
 ceng kle" siu sia°; more is to be gained by 
 going forth to conquer than by staying at 
 home to defend. 
 
 ceng 73 To duplicate, said of genera- 
 
 962 8 tions only. 
 ceng-c6 ; great grandfather. ceng-sun ; great 
 grandson. ceng-c6-nia ; great grandparents, 
 ceng-sun-hu; great grandson's wife. ci 
 
 khau phun si cng i ceng-c6 ; this grave is 
 the one in which his great grandfather is 
 buried. 
 
 [■*-| ceng 154 Clean, chaste, pure. 
 M^ 7S ~2~ ceng kiet; undefiled. ceng- 
 cia"; upright. ceng-liet ; chaste, even unto 
 
 death. siu ceng ; a betrothed girl whose 
 
 affianced died before the nuptials, and who 
 refuses to marry, ceng nng ; a virgin. ceng 
 cak ; a widow who will not marry again, 
 tong-ceng ; honest ; trustworthy. ^"g- 
 
 ceng ci ; seeds of the wax tree, used in 
 medicine. 
 
 -lij^ ceng 32 To add ; to increase. 
 "^i-t 951 12 ceng ke; augment, ceng ke 
 jieh coi ? How much is to be added ? ai° ceng- 
 thi°; will increase the amount. ceng ke-ci"; 
 raise the price. ceng ke n^ng ; increase of 
 
 population, ceng co ; increase the rent, ceng 
 kiam ; increase and diminish. kia-ceng ; to 
 
 add to. 
 
 ceng 9^ A Buddhist priest. 
 725 12 ceng tjiu ; priests and their 
 teachings, liu-ceng; a wandering bonze, la- 
 ma ceng; a lama or Mongol priest. iSu ceng; 
 an old priest. ci kai am ii cek peh ceng ; 
 
 this monastery has a hundred monks. ceng 
 kang si; an official who governs his fellow 
 priests. 
 
 ceng 9 A scout ; one sent to re- 
 77 9 connoitre. 
 ceiig-tham ; a scout. tng ceng-tham ; act as 
 scout. phai ceng-tham khu che ; despatch 
 
 a scout to reconnoitre, ci kai ceng-tham mia°- 
 ke tham su; this scout is expert in discovering 
 things. 
 
 B^ ceng 109 The eyes ; the eye ball ; the 
 H 993 "8~ iris, 
 tie leng m tfam ceng ; to draw a dragon and 
 leave out the eyes; to leave work without 
 finishing it up. thoi" kau mak m cwn 
 
 ceng ; gazing with motionless eye balls ; star- 
 ing fixedly. 
 
38 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THt; SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 yf^ ceng 86 To decant by steaming; the 
 'jnit^ 74> 6 winter sacrifice, 
 kau ceng kaa sai ; nine stearaingg and nine 
 airings, ceng ngiap; entailed property whose 
 proceeds are applied to ancestral sacrifices. 
 
 X Jl^ ceng 61 Restless; afraid. 
 I in. 74 5 ceng-chong; agitated. kfti 
 ceng-cliong kCii pB"; is very nervous. ceng- 
 chong kai nang to b6 ta"; nervous people are 
 generally cowardly. 
 
 lia ceng 118 Felicitous. 
 y>\ 73 9 ceng-siang; auspicious; lucky. 
 cli6iig ceng 86i keng ; take an auspicious time 
 for cleaning the temples. 
 
 j^jf}i ceng 118 A sort of virginal or harp- 
 •• -j-i * 29 ~8^ siehord, having twelve brass 
 strings, and played with a plectrum, 
 cua" ceng ; play on the harpsichord. c6k ke° 
 ceng ; a harpsichord. 
 
 ceng 130 To swell ; to tumefy ; a 
 
 107 9 swelling. 
 
 ceng-tie ; to swell up. c^ng thia"; swollen 
 
 and painful. phu-ceng ; puffed up. ng-puh 
 ceng ; dropsical swelling. ceng kai pan ; a 
 
 hard small swelling. ciii ceng; a watery 
 
 swelling. che" ceng; a black and blue 
 
 swelling. ng ceng phong ; a hard, permanent 
 swelling. Ang ceng ; a red swelling. ceng 
 hap ; an inflamed swelling. ne ceng-ceng ; 
 
 badly swollen. tho ceng; sio ceng; to reduce 
 swelling. hai i khau kau raak ceng ; made 
 
 him cry so that his eyes are swollen. mak 
 
 ceng kau peli m khui ; his eyes are swollen so 
 that he cannot open them. ceng kau toa-bd- 
 ki ; swollen to an immense size. ii{o-chu 
 
 bue cin ceng iTi kia° si naug ; people are not 
 frightened to death by a rat's tail, even when 
 it is swollen to the uttermost. 
 
 j WH^ ceng 86 Embers ; brands ; hot coals. 
 /^^nL 989 14 hiie-ceng ; coals that may be 
 used for starting a fire. hwn-lio chun u hiie- 
 ceng me ? Are there any live coals left ? 
 
 "l^m ^^"S ^^^ -^ ^^^^ 5 ^ germ ; a sort. 
 ^32. 107 9 ceng-ci; seeds. ia ceng- 
 ci; to sow seed. loh ceng-ci; to put in the 
 
 seed, ho ceng ; good seed. ni-bp ceng; bad 
 seed, thwn ceng; propagate this variety, ho 
 ceng-cak ; of good stock. sim-mih ceng-cak ? 
 Of what species is it ? lau pang kp cp ceng; 
 save it for seed. tau ceng; vaccine virus, 
 
 png ti ceng ; indigenous. gQa kp ceng ; an 
 
 exotic. ai" ll cek ceng? Which variety do 
 
 you warit ? c&pceng; illegitimate, cap ceng 
 kia"; !i bastai'd. cf-kp bp cfa ceng ; this sort 
 does not grow hereabouts. maiig ceng ; seeds 
 that grow plowly ; perennial. khiie ceng ; 
 
 annuals. 
 
 y0C teng 66 To put in order; to repair. 
 TF*^ 75 12 chi-chi ceng-ceng; put in 
 tine order, siu-sip kau chi-ceng cfti; arranged 
 very perfectly. ili chi m ceng ; all out of 
 
 repair. 
 
 ceng 104 Disease; tho causes and the 
 76 5 symptoms of disease. 
 pe''-ceng ; diseases. ceng-hftu ; a malady, 
 
 mug ceng; to ascertain the symptoms; to 
 diagnose a case. th6i° ceng; consider 
 
 the causes of the ailment. jIn ceng ai" tia", 
 
 roai" jIn t£t° ceng; in telling the symptoms, 
 precision is e.ssential, else you may confess to 
 a disease you have not got. toa ceng ; a 
 
 serious case. gQa oeng, Ifii ceng ; external 
 
 and internal diseases. keng nglam-kue k&i 
 
 ceng; a well understood malady, of k&i ceng, 
 lia keng nglam-kue coi chu ; I have treated 
 many cases of this kind before, ci k&i pe°-ceng 
 iak-Uak cek kai gueh ciu h<5 chwn-jii, lu mhi' 
 kia"; you need not be apprehensive, this ail- 
 ment is one of which you may be well in about 
 a month. sfin ceng, ngdk ceng ; a disease 
 
 which follows or varies from the usual course 
 of the disease; one which does or does not yield 
 to treatment. kip ceng ; acute diseases. kii 
 ceng ; chronic diseases. kin ceng ; a violent 
 attack. hiam ceng ; a dangerous attack, 
 
 ngui ceng; of a virulent type. ceng tSng 
 
 cEi ; the ailment is very severe. ci Ie° ceng 
 
 io khin ; this .sort of ailment is not very severe, 
 cia ceng kin-kip cSi ; this malady is of a very 
 acute nature. si ceng ; season complaints, 
 
 si-leng ceng ; cholem. un-mut ceng ; a plague 
 oi" pestilence. i si lau-sai ceng, lu mai° khut 
 i ue tieh ; he has incipient cholera, do not you 
 catch it from him. kani tJeh i kai ue khj, 
 
 tiu oi khut i kai ceng ue tieh ; if you absorb 
 the exhalations from him, you will catch tlif^ 
 disease from him. tham-hiie ceng; con- 
 
 sumption, iig-sua ceng ; jaundice, ko-ceng ; 
 dropsy of the bowels. lu tlioi" ei kai ceng 
 
 tx khu seng a hue ? Do you consider that 
 this disease has reached its climax ? ceng 
 
 seng ciu ph ui ; a disease that has reached 
 its climax is difiicult to cure. cia ceng bp 
 
 ui ; there is no cure for this disease. cia 
 
 ceng ho ui a m bp ui ? Is this disease cui-able 
 or incurable ? thai-kp ceng 6i ue tieh nang 
 
DICTIONAtlY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 89 
 
 a boi ? Is leprosy contagious? nfn mai" kin", ci 
 kai pc" ceng boi \ie iiang ; you need not fear, 
 this disease is not infectious. iTi b(5 kliu 
 
 kbut i kai kbi chong tieh : ci ie" ceng si li-bai; 
 you should not breath in the exhahitions from 
 his person and bedding : this disease is of a 
 malignant type. khi ceng ; kuai ceng ; 
 
 rare and strange diseases. pien ceng ; to 
 
 explain the nature of a disease, pien ceng; to 
 change the nature of a disease. sa"-crip-lak 
 
 ceng ; the thirty-six varieties of disease. tieh 
 ceng ; diseased. si ceng ; a deadly disease, 
 
 nge ceng ; past all help by medicine. mng 
 
 ceng hwt leh ; attend upon and prescribe for. 
 hng iTi tui ceng ; this prescription is not ap- 
 plicable to that disease. ni6h m kah ceng ; 
 the pulse is not such as accords with the 
 symptoms of that disease. 
 
 .ti^L ceng 109 All ; a concourse. . 
 ^y^ 108 6 ceng nang ; every one. 
 ceng ui ; all of you gentlemen. kong ceng ; 
 
 the public in general. tai ceng; the whole 
 
 concourse. ceng mak fo si ; ceng inak cio- 
 
 cio ; every eye saw it. tai ceng ke ; all of you. 
 ceng nang, ceng su ; mankind and the affairs 
 of mankind. sim si hah ceng; very agreeable 
 to all concerned. ci kai nang m hah ceng ; 
 
 this person is unpopular. kiia" put tek ceng ; 
 one is no match for many. ceng hie°-li; all 
 
 the villages. ceng hia"-ti ; all the brethren, 
 
 chut ceng; above the common. nang chai 
 
 chut ceng ; more talented than ordinary people, 
 piin-nia chut ceng; excels others in ability, 
 koi ceng ; the many in the streets. po ceng ; 
 those ordinarily in the market places. ceng 
 
 phb ho ; all the shops. hang ceng ; those in 
 
 the warehouses. ceng kheh-siang ; all the 
 
 merchants. ceng cun ciah ; all the boats, 
 
 ceng hang-khau ; all the warehouses. 
 
 ceng 149 To testify; to substantiate ; 
 76 12 to prove. 
 ceng-ki°; to witness. co kang ceng kai n&ng ; 
 witnesses, cp ceng-ki"; be a witness. u nang 
 ho CO ki^-ceng; theie are those who will testify 
 to it. ceng-ku ; proof. u ceng ii ku ; there is 
 proof of it. cieh ceng; visible proof ; circum- 
 stantial evidence. co ceng ; use as evidence, 
 ceng sit ci kia" su ; adequate proof of this. 
 
 ■^"^T ceng 115 To plant; to cultivate; to 
 TM 107 T beget. 
 
 ceng hue, ceng chai, ceng chiu ; to plant 
 flowers, vegetables, and trees. ceng cui- 
 
 chau ; plant bulrushes. ceng kue-ci ; plant 
 
 fruit trees. ci ko chang phe''-phah ai" ceng 
 
 CO tia h(5, a si ai" ceng co cia \\6, a si ai" ceng 
 CO hun-kiiah hd ? Have you decided that it is 
 best to plant this ground to flax, to sugar- 
 cane, or to potatoes ? ci ko ti, hd ceng u kiii 
 taa ceng ? How many pecks of seeds should 
 be put into this lot ? c6i" n&ng ceng chlu, 
 
 Su nang cia im ; the pioneers plant tree.s and 
 their successors enjoy the shade. ceng cph ; 
 to till the soil, ceng ie"-ta.u ; to vaccinate. 
 
 'ttD^ ceng 66 Politics; government; the 
 J*XV 76 4 departments or measures of 
 a government; laws. 
 
 ceng su ; politics. ceng leng ; governmental 
 orders. ceng ka; official admonitions. jiu 
 ceng, ngiak ceng ; mild or harsh government, 
 sien c6ng; a righteous government, chit ceng; 
 the sun, moon, and five planets. pt^ng ceng; 
 cipceng; to hold authority, ngi-ceng; a coun- 
 selor of state. cham ngi ceng-su ; a council 
 of state, lun ceng; discuss politics, pii-ceng- 
 si ; pu-ceng-sai ; the commissioner of revenue, 
 hong ceng tS,i hu ; a government officer. 
 
 ^T* ceng 149 To arrange satisfactorily ; 
 
 IT 
 
 905 2 to settle terms; to adjust; to 
 equalize; to fix on; to criticise ; to compare ; to 
 collate ; to edit. 
 
 ceng khi, ceng tia"-tieh lio; a set time has been 
 agreed upon. ceng mdng ; to arrange an 
 
 armistice ; to make peace. ci pang cu i"-keng 
 chia" toa mia"-sek kai nang ceng-cia" kiie ; 
 have already invited a celebrated personage to 
 revise these books. 
 
 < (^^ ceng 30 Denotes time past ; usually ; 
 ^ 27 11 ever. 
 
 bue c§ng ; has not yet had. ua ih cSng ; I 
 
 never did. ceng a iTi ceng ? Hcas it ever yet 
 
 been ? ho ceng m si? How is it that t/j ere has 
 never been any ? i m c6ng c\e°-so"; he h as never 
 been thus. biie ceng ii ; has never yet had. 
 
 ci kai c6ng, ci k^i m c6ng ; this one has, but 
 the other one has not. ceng klm a bue ? Has 
 he ever been yet ? c§ng ciah a bue ? Have 
 
 you ever eaten any before ? ceng lai me ? 
 
 Has he come ? ceng co ho a bue ? Is it finished 
 yet ? i hue ceng u ; he has not yet had any. 
 i m ceng u kia" ; she has had no children, i 
 bue ceng u kia"; she has not yet had any child- 
 ren, ceng sie" kiie a m cong ? Have you tested 
 it ? i in ceng khieh lai ; he has not brought 
 
 it. i r7i ceng khu ; he has not gone, i m ceng 
 co; he has not made any. via m ceng thia"; 
 
 1 have not heard. kha ceng cp chin a bue ? 
 
 Has he yet engaged a wife ? ceng ta" kiie ; 
 
 I have said so already. 
 
40 
 
 DICTIONAliT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 -^•^ ceng 108 All; entirely. 
 jSl 989 9 cek sua" ceng si cleh ; the 
 mountain was wholly of rock. of k&i tl-hng 
 
 ceng fi sua"; this country is all raountainong. 
 hue-ling lai ceng si hue-b^k kiie-cf ; the garden 
 was filled with flowering slirubs and fruit 
 trees, cf cua" nslng ceng si ho k&i ; these peo- 
 ple are all good. ci chph ue ceng si cf cuang 
 t-u kai ; this talk is all about this affair. clu 
 jit ceng si su ; something is going on all day 
 long. lia tliia" tieh ceng si lu kfti Qe ; I 
 
 understood that all that was said was said by 
 you. thong-sin cgng si m6°; his whole body is 
 covered with hair. cf k&i tl ceng si sua ; 
 
 this soil consists wholly of sand. cf k&i sua" 
 ceng si sSng-pch, b6 mih chau ; these hills are 
 all covered with firs, and there is hardly any 
 grass. 
 
 ^^S ceng 85 Clear ; to make clean ; to 
 1^^ 994 8" purify. 
 
 ceng-ceng ; limpid. khiet-c6ng; pure. ceng 
 chfa ; to wash the hands of something, kang 
 ceng ; to cleanse. klm kau kang-kang c6ng- 
 ceng ; that which defiled is taken completely 
 away. kang c6ng si cfa k&i ; this is the clean 
 and empty one. 86i ceng ; wash so that none 
 of the former uncleanness remains, sau c6ng; 
 sweep out clean. 
 
 "jV3E ceng 175 To tranquilize ; to keep 
 jt-3 994 5 in order. 
 ua"-ceng; well ordered. ua"-ceng tl-hng ; 
 
 restore peace to the country. t&ng tin-th&i 
 
 l&i p5i" cek ua" Su, tl-hng clu fo ua"-ceng ; 
 after the general-in-chief came and put the 
 country in order, it was more settled and 
 peaceful. pheng-ceng kfii li-hng; a tranquil 
 region. 
 
 — ci — 
 
 >(« ci-cu 167 Petty ; trifling. 
 -Q lo30 8 ci-cu nioh-sioh; petty 
 stinginess ; very small in his dealings. 
 
 >^^ cf 162 This ; here ; the nearest. 
 jXJSt 39 7 cf kai ; this one. cf ciah cun; 
 this boat. cf cang chlu ; this tree. cf png 
 cu-cheh ; this book, cf kia" mueh ; this thing, 
 cf kha thang ; this bucket. <-'i-kp 5 here, 
 
 pang to cf-kp ; put it here, pang to cf lai ; put 
 it in here. cf pi"; on this side, khieh chut 
 
 cf gua; bring it out here. ci toi ; inside here, 
 cf cuang su ; this affair. cf cek si ; just now. 
 cf cun ; this instant. cf kai si-hau ; at this 
 
 time. cf kai, hti kai, lii raki" khu kvvn i ; 
 
 whatever he does, have nothing to do with 
 him. CO cf k&i, cp hii k&i ; doing sundry 
 
 pieces of work. lu tiam-tlam th&k cu, raki' 
 
 phueh cf k&i, plmeh hu kai, niak ia mai" th6i" 
 cf, thoi" hu, sini ia niiii" sie" cf sie" hu : cie" se" 
 thak cia" koi pat ; study persistently, and do 
 not be talking of this and of (hat, nor be look- 
 ing hither and thither, nor be thinking of all 
 sorts of things : if you study thus, you will 
 readily learu. 
 
 1^ cf 89 Seeds ; offspring. 
 J 1030 kiie-cf; fruit, ceng-cf; seeds, 
 th^n ceng-cf; to propagate seeds. t§ cf ; tea 
 seeds, seng-peh cf ; seeds of the fir tree. 
 
 PH cf 80 Only ; merely. 
 ^^67 2 cf ci cek kla"; have only this 
 one. cf kwn ; on the spur of the moment, 
 
 lu cf kwn til"; you said it inconsiderately, 
 jitn lu c6-ni ta", lia cf si m thia" lu ; whatever 
 you say, I shall pay no regard to it. cf ki" fi 
 c6k k&i nftng ; saw but one pei-son. cf hd 
 
 cio^-se" cp ; this alone is the right thing to do. 
 ua cf si kio lu cie°-se° ta", peng b6 hie°-se'' ta"; 
 I have said but this to you, and have not said 
 otherwise. 
 
 |Lk cf 77 To stop; to cease; to detain. 
 _|r^ 56 ci cfi ; cause to stop, cf iTi ctt ; 
 cannot stop it. cf i mai" lai ; stop him from 
 coming. cf hueh ; staunch blood. cf cle"; 
 alleviate the itching, cf kuah ; ci &u ; quench 
 thirst. ci sia ; stop purging. cf kua"; anti- 
 sudorific, tong cf ; cease motion. ho cf Ifo ; 
 the rain has cea.sed. cf hiah ; to stop short. 
 cf au ; cause retching to cease. m cf sa" kai ; 
 not short of three. ku cf; deportment. b6 
 tla" cf ; no fixed purpose. Q kai tia" cf ; has a 
 definite object. 
 
 n 
 
 cf 88 An elder sister ; (the same as 
 1031 ^ ce, which see). 
 i kiii kai cf-mue ? How many sisters has he? 
 cf no kai si chin cf-mue, hu no kai si thang cf- 
 raue ; these two are sisters, those tv^o are 
 cousins of the same surname. 
 
 -l-tL cf 82 A foundation ; to found. 
 <dL 66 T ki-ci ; a basis. co-cf mdng 
 
 kai ti-hng ; founded that place. m cai i kai 
 cii cf ; do not know his dwelling place. kfi 
 
 ki-cf ; old foundations ; ruins. cxe ku ki-cf 
 
 khf ; build on the old foundations. 
 
 j^^ cf 64 To point out, as in illustration. 
 4^ 57 ^ cf-tfam ; to point out. cf-sl ; 
 to show by reference. cf-hui ; to signalize, 
 
 lio ju cf cfe" ; as plain as your hand. cf tang, 
 kheksai;to point one way and go another. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 41 
 
 CI kk; to teach by illustration. ci tang (ieli 
 
 sai ; tlie appearance of one gesturing at a di.s- 
 tance. li tin" hwt-sl ; swear by heaven. ci 
 pak ui lain; betroth children before their birth. 
 
 1^ ci 72 Will ; purpose; intention. 
 1^ 57 ~2 hong ci; receive orders, chia" 
 ci ; ask for orders. sW ci ; the sacred will, 
 
 the imperial decrees. to ci ; orders received, 
 sia" ci pai ; tablets on which imperial ordeis 
 are written. ci-x ; purpose, cu ci ; the mean- 
 ing of a book. cie" ci ; the scope of the 
 chapter, cak ci ; the sense of the verse. 
 
 -^I2i ci 149 To repair to. 
 ft^ 284 ~6~ i ka-kl chin ci bio teng kia" 
 hie"; he repaired in person to the temple to 
 offer sacrifice. i kai pin-ci ho; his proficiency 
 is commendable. 
 
 Jft^ ci 120 A nankeen or purple color. 
 >|^ 1031 ~5^ ci-sek ; brown. ang-ci ; 
 
 purple. ci-kim sia"; the Forbidden City. 
 
 IPI ci BO A short foot in length. 
 
 57 6 ci chieh cu tl ; but a step. ci 
 chieh cu kang ; work close at hand. siang li 
 put kue ci chieh ; but a very little space be- 
 tween them. 
 
 T^rt ci 75 Vertical supports or bars. 
 
 ^^C 506 '8 lang-kang ci; the vertical rails 
 in a balustrade. theng ci; vertical bars in a 
 
 window. 
 
 ci 204 To adorn with braid ; to 
 HI 68 1)' embroider. 
 cam ci ; embroideiy. cek chiu ho cam ci; 
 
 fine needlework done by one hand. mia"-ke 
 cam ci ; skilled in embroidery. chwn kbau 
 
 cam-ci to jit ; depends solely on fine needle- 
 work for her living. 
 
 c\ 133 Even till; upon; to reach 
 GO to ; to extend ; tlie sol.stices ; 
 the greatest degree. 
 
 cfi ko ci kim ; from ancient times till now. si- 
 c\ ; all around. si-ci hur-meng ; clear all 
 
 around. ci chu ; on this account. bo so put 
 ci ; no place where he does not go ; omni- 
 pre.'jent. ci kau ci-kp ; extends to this point, 
 ci kau tl-kp ? Where does it reach to ? put 
 ci kau cie"-se°; it does not extend to such as 
 that. ci kek ; the utmost limit. ci chiet-io ; 
 of the utmost importance, ci seng-sit ; wholly 
 sincere. ci ho ; the very best. ci m ho ; the 
 very worst, ci toa; the largest, ci kui"; the 
 
 highest, ci khuah ; most spacious. tang c\ ; 
 the winter solstice. he ci ; the summer 
 
 solstice, tang-ci iSu ftng ciu ; the red wine of 
 winter. 
 
 ci 154 To offer presents cereraoni- 
 ^ ^ 61 11 ously. 
 ci-ki"; to visit, with a present, ci loi ; a polite 
 presentation. ci-keng; present as a token of 
 respect. ci ngi ; offer the customary fee on 
 
 entering school. 
 
 jStS^ fi 113 To bring an oblation ; an 
 Jif^ 965 6 offering ; sacrificial, 
 ci su ; to offer sacrifices. ci-bun ; a written 
 
 prayer, burned after it is offered. ci-tek ; an 
 elegy hung up befoi'e the tablet during the first 
 seven weeks of mourning. pai ci ; to arrange 
 offerings. pai lo ci ; lay out offerings along 
 
 the way. ci-si ; an overseer of sacrifices. ci 
 sin ; make offerings to the gods. ci c6 ; make 
 offerings to the manes of ancestors, ci pin ; 
 
 things offered. chun chiu ji ci ; the spring 
 
 and autumn oblations. ci thi" ti ; worship 
 
 heaven and earth, ci sia cek ; worship the 
 
 gods of land and grain, khi ci ; offerings to a 
 deceased parent. tio ci ; offerings made to a 
 deceased friend. 
 
 ■^ll ^^ ^? "^^ limit; to govern; a rule, 
 rpy 69 Q a practice ; mourning usages, 
 ci-cak ; limitations. u cak-ci ; under regula- 
 tions, huap-ci; rules. ci-to ; to restrict, ci 
 cu ; an Imperial order, ci-thfi-i ; the governor- 
 general ; Your Excellency. ak-ci i ; restiain 
 him. ak-ci i ni cii ; cannot curb it. siu ci ; 
 cun ci seng hok; in mourning. ngiam ci, chu 
 ci ; mourning for a father or for a mother, 
 hiap-ci ; to intimidate. 
 
 *}i^K ci 86 To succor; to bring about; to 
 iJ^ 964 M further ; to complete, 
 si ci; bestow alms, kiu-ci ; to succor, cin-ci ; 
 to rescue, m ci su; inadequate for the purpose. 
 cia°ci f-u ; adequate for the purpose. ci kip ; 
 help in an cmeigency. ci kia" f-u ci a i7i ci ? Is 
 the business compassed ? oi tit ci ciu ho ; if it 
 can be brought about it will be well. 
 
 •"I ^ ci 61 Determination ; will ; what the 
 ^^^ 61 3 mind desires, 
 ci-khi ngan-ngan ; a fixed purpose. ci-liam ; 
 a resolve. ci hiang ; inclination ; object, 
 
 i kai sim-ci nge cS,i ; his heart is fixed on it. 
 sim-ci nng t&i ; his refolves are weak. tit ci ; 
 attain one's object. tit ci co kua"; attained 
 the desired official position. hue tit ci ; un- 
 
 attained desires. put tit ci ; unattainable 
 
42 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 desires, lang-lang tit ci ; evidently succeeded 
 in his purpose. ci-khi boi lui; don't be dis- 
 couraged, bd ci k&i naiig ; an irresolute 
 person. Up ci ; fix the resolve. u ci keng 
 sSng ; determination overcomes. Q t&i ci ; 
 has high purposes. toa ci-khi kai nftng ; one 
 with liigh re.solves. lu kang-kli(5 tieh ju- 
 k^Mg klang-khi c\ ; if in ditliculty, you must bo 
 the more determined. 
 
 \\J v\ 145 To compound, as medicines. 
 59 8 huapci; rules for compound- 
 ing. Ji(5 c\-huap; a good recipe. tleh ci ktiu 
 hiie ; must compound it nine times over. c\ 
 
 ieh tieh ci tieh hd ; in compounding medicines 
 care must be taken to do it accurately. c\- 
 
 cSu ; the manufacture of medicines. pft ci ; 
 
 decoct by boiling. liii-kong pu-c) ; concocted 
 by the god of medicine. 
 
 j| ci 18 A do.se ; a prescription. 
 
 ilj 961 14 c6k c\ ieh ; a course of medi- 
 cine. 1)5 c\ ieh ; the medicine faken in two 
 doses. cf h6k loh toa ci ; this presciiption is 
 for a large dose of medicine, thio-ci; to arbit- 
 rate between. 
 
 IV^V c\ 170 A limit ; a line of juncture. 
 |/I> 965 11 chu ci ; this occasion. <ek 
 mo" b6 ci ; a boundless view. bd hSng, b6 i;i ; 
 unbounded. 
 
 ^ 
 
 "^ ci 
 |l4i^ 61 
 
 pi" 11 ko mo 
 the tombstone 
 
 149 A record. 
 7 mo°-ci ; an epitaph, phun- 
 ci-meng ; there was an eulogy on 
 
 m 
 
 ci 185 To lick with the tongue. 
 
 761 4 ci thoi" sim-raih bi-.«6 ; lick 
 it and see how it tastes. Iftii gu ci tok ; the 
 
 old cow licks tho calf; the old love cliildren. 
 ngio-b(5 ci ngio-kia°; the cat licks the kitten. 
 
 p ci 49 The sixth of the twelve 
 Lm/ 838 branches, 
 ci si ; from 9 to 11 o'clock A. M. i si it-ci ni 
 se° kai ; he was born in the year which is 
 second in the cycle of ten, and flixth in the 
 cycle of twelve. 
 
 — ci" — 
 
 ci" 82 Felt; rough and nappy fabrics. 
 
 43 5 ci" bo ; a felt hat. ci" tio ; a 
 rug. ci° t(5i; felt soles. ci''-thang; drugget, 
 tho ci"; shoddy ; felt made from cotton. iu 
 
 ci°; oiled felt, mo" ci"; plush, sai ci"; foreign 
 carpeting. ju cq cam ci"; like sitting on 
 
 needles. pho ci" kak chai ; carpeted and 
 
 curtained, ie" ci"; foreign blanketing. 
 
 ci" 130 The limbs. 
 55 4 si ci"; the four limbs. ci"- 
 tlioi ; the body. 
 
 y^ ci" 65 A branch or tribe ; to advance 
 >^^ 64 money. 
 
 ll-ci"; the twelve branches. ci" cng ; to pay 
 
 out. ci° kang-nguii ; to give out tho wages. 
 
 ci"-phai ; a tribe or clan. ci' ci" lai eng ; 
 
 advances tlie money to be S|)ent. hue" ci" ; 
 
 a collateral branch of the same family. ci" 
 
 cieh ; to advance tho outlay, ci" sio ; disburse- 
 ments. Iftm ci"; wastefiilly expend. ci" 11, 
 irrelevant; evasive. ci" cu; a child of. ci"- 
 thi ; to make a protege of. tAng sbi ci"-thi 
 
 kau toa; brought him up from infancy. pI i 
 t<5 ci"-th! ; it is she who pays his expenses, bd 
 nang ci"-thi ; no one looks after him. 
 
 l"^£ ci" J54 To take in both hands and 
 ^^l 964 8 offer respectfully ; to send, as 
 ft dispatch; to give, as a present. ci"-sang bun- 
 cu khu tSu-thai ko tAu ; handed in a dispatch 
 to be delivered to the Intendant of Circuit. 
 
 '^^^ ci" 42 Wedge-like; tapering. 
 ..^V 977 8 kha-ci"; the toe. i Bug kba- 
 ci" khu nek i ; he gave it a shove with his toe. 
 khut i kdi kha-ci" thak khu kkn cQ si khu ; on 
 being kicked by him, it died. 
 
 Hrt "' — Unctuous. 
 
 /Ir 55 6 ci°-ko ; unctnoas matter. 
 
 peh-se" hiie kai ci"-ko; the fat of the people, 
 
 (their money). minkpminci"; the fat of 
 
 the land. cieh ci" ; unctuous earths, used in 
 
 ointments. 
 
 ci" 115 Immature ; young. 
 
 60 8 ci" cu ; a young child. iu°- 
 ci"; young and small. hwn-h'o I'o ci"; is still 
 
 rather immature. ci"-kp, ci"-k<5 ; juvenile. 
 
 ap-ap-ci°; fresh and fair. thoi" tieh hvvn-lio 
 ap-ap-cf°; I see that you still look blooming:, 
 mueh khah cf"; things that are unripe. ci"- 
 
 lun ; plump. ci"-ci" ne ; very youthful. ci" 
 hieh ; young and tender leaves. cf-cii kai 
 
 sim ; 3'outhful in heart. 
 
 /t^Y fi" 118 An arrow ; an archer. 
 ^IJ 978 9 sia ci"; to shoot arrows, 
 keng ci"; bows and arrows. keng-ci" kvvn si 
 to ka keng-ci" kai ti-hng; a shooting gallery 
 is a place where arcliery is taught. lu si 
 
 ciah pai-tp, a si ciah keng-ci" ? Do you get 
 your living as a swordsman or as a bowman ? 
 hiie ci"; a rocket. tie" nau"-ci" sia ho"; sent 
 an arrow from his crossbow and hit the tiger. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWAl'OW DIALECT. 
 
 43 
 
 ci" feia tieh a sia in tieb ? Did tlie arrow bit 
 tbe mark or did it not ? cbi'u ci"; an 
 
 arrow sbot fi'oni tbe band, witbout a bow. 
 pang ne c\"; sboot at a venture. bfaiig ci"; a 
 wliizzing arrow. be ci"; mounted bowmen, 
 
 po ci"; unmounted bowmen. lio ci°; a good 
 
 sbot. siang li put kue cek ci" (U (I ; not more 
 tban a bowsbot apart. kuang-im su ci"; time 
 flies like an arrow. am ci"; a secret arrow, 
 
 ci" tab tie" keng bi"; tbe arrow is biid upon tbe 
 bowstring ready to be sliot. tit kiie ci", nge 
 kiie tbib; straigbter than an arrow, and liarder 
 tban iron. cbab bi" ci°; pierce tbe ear witb 
 
 an arrow as a punisbment. leng ci"; a landom 
 sbot. ci" kua°, ci" nek, ci" mo"; tlie sbaft, 
 
 tbe point, and tlie featber of an arrow. i kai 
 ci"-nek cu tak ieb kai, sla tieb bneb lau cl'u si ; 
 if a poisoned arrow draws blood deatb follows. 
 
 Tm^ ci" 64 To crowd ; to jostle; to press 
 4/^ 964 14 closely upon, 
 ioiig ci"; pusb and crowd. oi-oi ci"-ci°; to 
 
 jostle and pusb. ci" m tin-tang; cannot make 
 it budge. sie ci" sie koili ; to crowd eacb 
 
 olber. ci" to i sin-pi"; pressed close to bis 
 
 person. mai" ci" kbab bua; do not crowd up 
 too close. tbeng ci"; crowd carelessly. cbe" 
 ci" jip kliii ; crowded forcibly in. ci" boi tit 
 
 jip ; cannot crowd in. ci" boi tit chut lai ; 
 
 cannot press my way out. i kiiut nang ci" 
 
 si khu lua ; be was killed by pressure in the 
 crowd. jwn ci", ci" m kbui; however mucb 
 
 you crowd you cannot crowd through. ci" 
 
 kau cek sin kua"; crowded till tbe perspiration 
 started out all over bim. sa" kliut nang ci" 
 
 lib khu; his jacket was torn in the crowd. 
 
 ci" 130 Healtby granulations on a 
 
 641 5 sore, 
 bu cbng-kbau pi" tbo ko nek-ci" cbut lai ; new 
 flesh bas formed at tbe edge of tbe sore. 
 
 ^^^ "p^ ci° 140 cl"-chang ; an edible 
 _J=^ — J— ^ 710 7 tuber, the water chest- 
 nut, called also the "horse's hoof." 
 
 ci" 167 Tbe tenth part of a tael ; 
 982 8 copper money ; cash, tbe only 
 coin which the Chinese now make. 
 ci"-ngun ; money, tang ci"; copper coins, i u 
 ci"; he is a monied man. ci'e" ci" no"; a miser, 
 tau ci"; to exchange coins, cap bai ci"; chu ci"; 
 tbe current rate of exchange, ten per cent of 
 poor cash, toa ci"; good cash. ci" ki'a"; worn 
 cash, au ci"; bad cash. ang ci"; copper cash, 
 ciia ci"; paper cash. ci" ciia ; paper spirit 
 
 money. ci" nie ; revenue in cash. tbiap ci" 
 
 ciii; make allowance for surplus weight in tbo 
 coin. ii ci" sai tit kiii oi bo ; who has money 
 may employ devils to turn bis mill, tak 
 
 jieb coi ci" ? What is its value in money ? ci" 
 kbp thong sin ; money will move the gods, 
 kiii ci" tang? How many mace does it weigh? 
 cek ci" jieb coi ci" ? How many cash are there 
 in one mace ? <i"-ce s6i-kii ; tbe debt is but a 
 trifling one. khiam ci"; to owe money. bai" 
 ci"; to pay money. thp ci"; to dun for money, 
 siu ci"; to collect money. lai ci"; interest on 
 
 money loaned. bp ci"; capital. thang ci"; 
 earns money. thang toa ci" kai nang ; one 
 
 well worth his wages. in sieb si'e ci"; not 
 
 sparing of money. i kai ci"-cheng juu cJli ; it 
 is very difficult to get any money from bim. 
 ciah nang kai ci" coi cSi; made away with a 
 great amount of money belonging to other 
 people, se" ci" pjing sio; to shave notes, ciah 
 kong ci" ; use up the public funds. khieli co 
 kong ci" ; put it into the common purse, chun 
 u jieb coi ci" ? How much money is there 
 remaining? toi ci"; contributes money. cu 
 
 ci"; coins money, .sai cu m-hp ci"; makes coun- 
 terfeit money, ko ci"; ancient coins, kim ci"; 
 modern coins. Ipb ci"; put down a sum of 
 
 money. pbai ci"; pay money according to 
 
 assessment. puab ci"; to ci"; to gamble. ia" 
 ci"; win money. su ci"; to lose money. png 
 ci"; one's own money, ci" pliie ; ci" cha ; paper 
 money or bank notes. ci" cng ; a bank. ci" 
 pho ; a broker's oSice. ci" chin kbui hue ; his 
 geese lay golden eggs. khug u sai-khia ci"; 
 
 he bas private funds. ci"-kng-8ob ; a cash- 
 
 string. ci"-kng-spli min ; looks greedily 
 
 toward money. tbam-ci"; covetous. ngien- 
 ci"; parsimonious. bau" ci"; avaricious. ai" 
 ci"; eager for gain. lii ci"; a bribe. loi ci"; 
 fees. sai eng ci"; secret spendinga. ua" cp 
 ci"; exchange it for cash. 
 
 — cia — 
 
 *lft* cia 162 To screen ; to shade ; to cover. 
 Jly *^ 38 11 cia jit, cia buang, cia bo; to 
 screen from tbe sun, tbe wind, and the rain, 
 ho-cia ; an umbrella. cia thau p6 ; a scarf 
 
 used for covering the head. cia min p6 ; a 
 
 veil for the face. cia min ; to shade the face, 
 cia raak ; shade tbe eyes. cia sin ; screen tbe 
 person. cia rai°-mi"; screen closely. cia-p6- 
 pbang ; an awning. gua min cia cek teng 
 
 cua ; put a layer of paper on the outer sur- 
 face, as a shield. cia iu-p6 kai m ui bo ; what 
 ia covered witb oiled cloth will not be injured 
 by the rain. kbieh kai kue-loib lai cia ; take 
 a splint bat and screen it. khia ki si" khu 
 
 cia jit ; hold up a fan as a son shade. 
 
44 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 cfa 88 A wife. 
 
 966 5 ang-cia ; husband and wife. 
 
 lau ang-oia ; an old couple. {"-keng cp jteh ! 
 
 coi 111 ang-cia ; have been married for many 
 years. j 
 
 >^^ ci'a 162 A contraction of cf-kui, this 
 3Lf^ 39 7 one, these. It adds erapha- 
 RiH, and is sometimes used as an exclamation, 
 intensifying (he meaning of what follows, 
 ci'a ku, lia b6i ; I cannot do this sort of thing, 
 cfa si li(5 kai ; these are good ones. c<a 
 
 khak s6i ; this is much too small. c<a lia 
 
 i7i (Sng ; I liave never done this. cfa ua 
 
 ciu h.i°; tliese are just what 1 want. cia li si lu 
 citi" fti"; this is just as you de.sired. da, k&i, 
 
 hi'a k&i ; such as this and such as that. mai° 
 ta° cia hia ; say nothing about it either way. 
 Bie" ci'a, 8le" hi'a ; thinking of this and of that, 
 cfa si lia, pftt nflng cIu cp iTi tit; it will do 
 with me, but it would not be allowable to 
 do so with other people. ci'a kI lu, pfit nftng 
 lia cIu m hau°; it will do for you to do so, 
 but if it were any other person who did so I 
 should be dispicMsed. cfa si li'i; very well, 
 
 since it is you. cfa f^X lia ; since it is me, very 
 well. cfa cfa cfa cfa ci'a ! How very much out 
 of the way this behaviour was ! 
 
 cfa 126 This indicates that what pre- 
 38 4 cedes it is the subject of a 
 proposition ; it is also used to arrest attention, 
 gan cfa ; the wise. nga cfa ; the stupid. tl 
 pe" cia ; the sick. jin-ai cfa ; the benevolent, 
 se" ci'a; the living. si cfa; the dead. kiie 
 
 khu cfa; the departed. hue lAi cfa; that 
 
 wliich has not yet arrived. th6i'' cfa ; the 
 
 observers, thia" cfa ; the hearers. i7i pat cia, 
 mai° i°-ui cp pat ; those who do not know, 
 should not pretend that they know, ta-po cfa, 
 cu-nie cfa, long-cong hua°-hf ; the men and the 
 women were all pleased. toa cia, soi cia, l&i 
 
 thia"; grown people and children came to hear. 
 tng kek cfa mi", ph8,ng kwn ci'a tla"; the dullest 
 are those that play the game, the mo.st < ertain 
 what would win are the lookers on. hok-cfa; 
 perchance. khi cfa ; I who commence this 
 
 letter. 
 
 cia 140 Sugar cane. 
 ^Al\ 39 11 kam cia ; sweet cane. tek 
 cia ; the bamboo cane. lah cia ; dark reddish 
 sugar cane. suh cia ; eat sugar cane. khoi 
 cia ; gnaw .sugar cane, ka cia ; to squeeze out 
 the juice of oane between stone rollers, cia ka; 
 stone mills for pressing cane. cia cap ; the 
 
 juice of the cane, cia phph ; cane from which 
 
 the juice has been expressed. cia poi"; the 
 
 rind of the canes. cia liieh ; cane leaves, cia 
 thau; the stubble of cut cane. cia hue ; the 
 
 tops of the cane stalks. cia-cak ; the joints 
 
 of the cane. cia mak; the points of union 
 
 between the joints of cane. cia hfig ; cane 
 
 brake, cia Ho ; sugar mills, cia thau ku; edi- 
 ble grubs found at the roots of cane, cia khak; 
 cane husks. cia ceng ; slips of cane prepared 
 for planting. kliia cek pe cia; carrying a 
 
 bundle of sugar cane, cf pe tk Q jieh coi ki ? 
 How many canes in this bundle ? cia moh ; 
 the tilm under the rind of canes. 
 
 jMT cia 86 To compound medicines by 
 ^^'V 69 4 fiiraraering them, 
 c'la-chau ; prepared liquorice. cia-chau si 
 
 kam-clijiu eng bit khu cia kfti ; prepared 
 liquorice is made by simmering liquorice sticks 
 in honey. G k&i ki* clia, Q kai ai" cia; some 
 
 are to he prepared by dry heat, and some by 
 simmering, cia kang ; simmer down dry. 
 
 cia 140 To make a means of; to lean 
 >^ 973 14 on for aid. 
 fl thang hp khut n&ng cia cia° hd ; if there is 
 anything for us to depend upon it is well, da 
 sin pf-Iu ; rely on the protection of the gods, 
 cia twn se" su ; to make trouble about nothing, 
 iiuiig ngun cia-cia ; jabbering and talking, cia 
 cf kai wn-kii thp-si i ; take advantage of this 
 state of affairs and get rid of him. b6 hd cia 
 chfu ; nothing to lean upon. cia su bii-hai ; 
 
 take occasion to injure. cia si khi-hu nang ; 
 make power a means of oppression. cia hwn 
 nang si ; avail one's self of the influence of 
 foreigners. cia gd-mng si ; rely on official 
 
 strength. 
 
 cia 118 A register ; the place for 
 '^ 985 14 registration, one's original 
 family seat or village. 
 
 cu cia ; a register. cia kwn ; a census. hfio 
 cia ; return to one's native village. png cia ; 
 ngwn cia ; the original family seat. jip da; 
 enter upon the records. niin cia; returns of 
 the population. c6 cia si to ti-kp ? Where is 
 his ancestral home ? to cia fang pe°; in his 
 
 own village recruiting his health. to cia 
 
 kai kua"; a retired mandarin. m5u° da; a 
 
 pretended residence. 
 
   n 
 
 — Cia — 
 ^ cia° 72 Crystal or quartz. 
 h3 993 8 cui-cia°; crystal. chia ciii- 
 cia°; to polish crystal on a lathe. peh cia'; 
 
 qaartz crystal. o cia°; smoky quartz. tfc 
 cia"; cairngorm stone. lam cia"; beryl. mp' 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 46 
 
 cia"; moss-agales. ni6''-ciH° plii"-hun liu ; a 
 
 siiulT-botlle of ngate. o cia" inak-kia"; colored 
 spectacles. ciii-cia" in ; a ci'ystal seal. 
 
 Tr^ cia" 77 The beginning of the year. 
   irt 75 1 cia" gueh ; tTie first month 
 of the year, me" ni cia" giieh ; the first month 
 of next year. sin cia"; the first of the new- 
 
 year, pai cia"; make New Year's calls. cia" 
 gueh thau ; the first part of the first month. 
 
 B-H- cia" 130 I ean ; having no fat. 
 1^ 993 '8 cia" nek ; lean meat. nek 
 ciH"-cia"; the meat is very lean. ai" cia" a ai" 
 peh ? Do you want fat or lean ? piia" cia" 
 
 peh : a streak of fat and a streak of lean, cia" 
 k&i ka" ciah, peli kai i7i ka" < iah ; can eat the 
 lean, but not the fat. u nang hau" ciah cia", 
 u nang hau" ciah peh ; some people like lean, 
 and some like fat. 
 
 ^:i* cia" 119 An apparition ; a wraith ; a 
 'Tl*] 992 ~8~ form taken by spirits, 
 io-cia"; elves. cia" kuai ; a queer being. ku 
 nl ciu seng cia"; after many years becomes an 
 elf. ho-lai cia"; a sort of vampire that prolongs 
 its own life by drawing away the life of people, 
 ho-lai cia" 6i mi" nang ; the vampire fairy 
 bewitches people. khut ho-lai cia" mi" khu ; 
 led away by a vampire fairy. ku-cia"; a 
 
 tortoise that has been made a wraith through 
 age. io-cia" kiii-kviai ; all sorts of elves and 
 
 ghosts. sia kai kie-cp io-cia", cia" kai kie-co 
 sin-sien; the bad are called elves, and the good 
 are called fairies. 
 
 ^>^ ci'a" 85 Fresh, not salt. 
 l^lC 853 8 khah cia", iieh loh kiam ce ; 
 it is too fresh, it must be made salter. cia" 
 
 cui ; fresh water. ciah tieh peh-cia", bo bi ; 
 
 it tastes as if it had not been salted at all, and 
 is insipid. khah cfa" koi ui, khah kiam oh 
 
 ui ; if too fresh it is easily remedied, if too salt 
 it is hard to amend. pua" kiam cia"; neither 
 too salt nor too fresh ; salted just enough. 
 
 ^^^^ cia" 66 To repair; to put in order. 
 ^^. 75 12 cia"-li ; to put in order, siu 
 cia"; to amend. ham nang lai cia"-li ho; call 
 
 some one to put it in repair. coi-cia"; to ad- 
 just. c6i-c6i cia°-cia"; cia"-cia" c6i-c6i ; all in 
 due order. cia" tun; to set to rights. m c6i 
 ui cia"; all out of order. 
 
 77 
 1 
 
 Correct ; straight ; exact; up- 
 right ; legal ; the first, the 
 
 TT^ cia" 
 Jh 75 
 
 principal. 
 
 si-cia"; squarely ; not awry. kong cia"; 
 
 rectitude. cia" tau ; orthodox doctrines. 
 
 cia" lo ; the correct way. kua" cia°, min b6 
 
 6U ; the magistrates are upright and the people 
 have no broils. cia°-keng n3,ng ; a moral 
 
 man. in cia"-keng ; disregardful of law. co 
 cia"-cia"; sit erect, cia" tong ; exactly in the 
 centre. cia" a iTi cia" ne ? Is it correctly 
 
 placed or not ? liah cia"-cia"; hold it straight, 
 cia" hah si ; just in good time. lia cia" lai ; I 
 just came. xia cia" m me" lu ; I did not scold 
 you. i cie"-se" cia" hd ; it is just right 
 
 so. lu cio"-se" CO cia" tieh ; in so doing you 
 
 did just right, cia" tiig ; the main hall, cia" 
 thia"; the middle room. cia" -in kua"; the 
 
 officer who has the seal, and really holds the 
 post. cia" loh; the main building. liah 
 
 khu cia" huap; seize him and execute the law 
 upon him. cia" ciiang; principal and 
 
 secondary, cia" jJn kun-cu ; honest people are 
 modest. cia" ka ; correct teachings. lia cia" 
 ai" cai rang i to khu me ; I just wished to in- 
 quire again whether he had gone. ji <ieh 
 sia cia"-cia"; you must write the characters 
 correctly. cia"-cia" si cie"-se"; it is exactly so. 
 leng cia" tl-kp hue? Where is your wife from? 
 soi" cia"; worthies of the olden time. kia" 
 cia" mng, bp kia" phien mng ; uses the front, 
 not the side door. cia" chi ; the chief wife, 
 lip CO cia"-keng; made her Queen. 
 
 fcl^ cia" 62 Perfect ; complete ; entire ; to 
 /i)\i 77 "2 accomplish ; to finish ; to be- 
 come. CO su tieh cp kau cia"; when you 
 undertake a job you must complete it. cia" 
 ciu ; brought to pass. chin i"-keng cp cia" 
 lio ; the nuptials have already taken place, 
 hin-hin cia°-cia"; perfectly successful, hin-cia" 
 kai f-u to m cp ; he never succeeds in anything, 
 cia" mia"; to make a name for one's self, 
 cia" nang hue kai ue ; that verifies what people 
 said about it. ue ta" lai m cia" ku-<au ; there 
 is no sense in what was said ; the language 
 spoken was in unfinished sentences, tau i kai 
 hie'"-li kai cia" nang; inform the people of 
 standing in his village, m cia" le" ; imperfect; 
 not stylish. cia" sim-mih ie" ? How perfect is 
 it ? se" lai cia" ie" cai; it is very well formed, ra 
 cia" khi; incapable. Iang-t5u phien lu m cia"? 
 Do I wish to cheat you ? cp cia" jit cp bue ho ; 
 worked at it the whole day and have not yet; 
 finished it. cia" cuang kio i boi ; buy the 
 whole lot from him. cia" phit ; the whole 
 piece. cia" chi" ; about a thousand. cia" cap 
 kai ngun ; about ten dollars, cia" ke cia" tku ; 
 to have a home and family. hwn-lio bue cia" 
 ke ; has not yet become the head of a family, 
 cia" mo" cia" ie" ; formed according to the 
 pattern ; well formed and perfect. 
 
46 
 
 DICTIONAEY OP THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 cla" 62 chin-cia"; relatives, not of the 
 987 Y same surnarae. chin-cia", 
 
 kio chin-n^ng, tl-tlang chin ? Which are most 
 nearly related to us, our kith or our kin ? 
 
 cia" 61 Human feelings. nAng-cIa"; 
 
 996 8 humanity ; kindliness ; a dis- 
 position to oblige or help others. i k&i iiaiig- 
 cla" hd cai ; he is very obliging. thph i khu 
 
 khi i kai nang-cla"; commit to her the exciting 
 of his compassion. sla n&ng-cla"; express 
 
 gratitude for kindness. 
 
 — ciah — 
 
 ciah 172 A classifier applied to ani- 
 69 ~2~ mals, boats, furniture, and 
 to things in pairs or sets when one is indivi- 
 dualized. 
 
 ciah koi, ciah gu, ciah n/o-chii ; a hen, an ox, 
 and a mouse, ciah cun ; a boat, ciah f", ciah 
 chng ; a chair and a table. ciah 6i ; a shoe, 
 
 tok ciah bueh ; a single stocking. tok ciah 
 
 m&k; ono-eyed. toa" ciah chiu; single handed, 
 cek ciah chiu-cng-thau ; one finger. c6k ciah 
 kha ; one leg. sang ciah chi'u kio i cih ; 
 
 received it from him in both hands, knah t!o 
 ciah hi"; cut off an ear. cek ciah ku ; a 
 
 tortoise, cek ciah pit-p6; a bat. cAn ciah coi 
 c&i ; a great number of boats. no ciah kha 
 
 kia° kau sng cSi ; my feet ache badly from 
 walking so far. cek ciah cui-thaiig ; a water 
 bucket. chua b6 kui ciah tla''-lia°; have bat 
 very few left. 
 
 ciah 130 The spine. 
 
 986 6 ka-ciah; the back, ie-ciah- 
 kut ; the back bone. ie-ciah-kut co kii sng ; 
 my back aches from sitting so long. ka-ciah 
 S,n ; behind the back. kia" to i ka-ciah Su ; 
 walked behind him. klua to i ka-ciah 5u; 
 
 stood behind him. hui-tng ka-ciah Su khu 
 
 thoi"; turned back and looked. pi to ka-ciah 
 fiu ; carried it tied upon his back. ho lia ka- 
 ciah ; good to lean back upon. piah ka-ciah 
 S,u; skulk behind one. sie lia ka-ciah ; leaning 
 on each other, back to back. 
 
 >/fl^ ciah 162 A foot-mark ; a trace ; ves- 
 'X^ 985 "^6^ tiges ; effects, 
 kha-ciah ; footprints. chwn bo hun-ciah ; 
 
 there is no trace of it. bo I'a" bo ciah ; no 
 
 evidences of it. ii I'a" ciah ; there is circum- 
 stantial evidence of it. heng-ciali khp-gi ; a 
 suspicious appearance. peng bo cong ciah ; I 
 can find out nothing about him. mai" raueh 
 se° hun-ciah ; do not get it .scratched or stain- 
 ed, lu kai sa° cp oi kai ciah kai ciah ? Why is 
 
 your jacket spotted like that ? ho" kha-ciah ; 
 the tracks of a tiger, sin kai su ciah; evidences 
 of supernatural power ; miracles. chut 
 
 khi kph ie° kai ku ciah ; marvellously strange 
 effects. tab i kai kha-ciah; tread in his foot- 
 prints, tue i kai kha-ciah; follow in his steps. 
 b6 cong bd ciah ; no clue to it. b6 ciah li<5 
 
 chQe; nothing whereby to trace it. chun u 
 
 cek io° k6 ciah; an old landmark remains, 
 mua-khf-ca \h\ thit-thd hu kui kai ko-ciah ; 
 come to-morrow to play by those old ruins, 
 chun kai kQ ciah ; a vestige remains. khiit 
 
 h5 laa-tih lio se" ciah ; worn by the dropping 
 of the rain. naug kia" u klia-citdi, cio pue Q 
 loh njp"; a person passing by leaves tracks, a 
 bird flying over drops a feather. i kai min 
 
 cp-ni cek kai ciah cek kai ciah : si ai" tluii-kp 
 a ill si ? Why is his face blotched : he is going 
 to have leprosy is he not ? tn si, be ciah ; 
 
 a concatenation, thoi" tieh kai ciah kai ciah ; 
 appears to be scarred. 
 
 ciah 172 - A swallow. 
 
 997 8r ra6a°-ciali-cfo ; a swallow, 
 liah mfta°-ciah su 6ng khim h<S° Iftk ; in catch- 
 ing a swallow you have to use the same skill 
 as in catching a wild beast. 
 
 ■jt]^ ciah-ko A partridge or grouse. 
 fWj 39 kai sna" tliftu cCk ciah ciah- 
 
 ko; each mountain has its champion partridge, 
 ciah-ko bd nek, knt la so ; though a partridge 
 have little meat, its bones are crisp. 
 
 ciah 184 To eat ; to consume ; to live 
 766 upon ; to drink ; to devour ; 
 to imbibe ; to absorb. 
 
 ciah piig, ciah pia", ciah kiie-cf; eats rice, 
 cakes, and fruit. ciah ciii, ciah tfi, ciah cm ; 
 drinks water, tea, and whiskey. ciah ce, 
 
 ciah clip ; to live on vegetables, or to eat 
 animal food. ciah hun ; to smoke tobacco, 
 
 ciah a-phien ; to smoke opium. ciah pa ; to 
 
 eat a full meal, ciah pa a hue ? Have you 
 
 eaten enough yet ? ciah kau pa-pa ; eat till the 
 appetite craves no more. ciah bue pa ; has 
 
 not yet eaten a full meal. i to ciah ; he is 
 
 eating. ciah ho lio ; has finished his meal, 
 
 ciah pua° pak ; had eaten half a bellyfuU. 
 ciah pua° kueh ciu ng6 tieh i lai ; when they 
 were half through the meal, he happened to 
 come. mai° ciah khah pa ; do not eat too 
 
 much. i I'o soi, fsi ciah ni, boi ciah png ; he is 
 rather small, and eats milk since he cannot 
 eat rice, i hvvn ciah ni ; he is not yet weaned, 
 cek ceng cek ceng ciah hph coi ; cup by cup he 
 drank a great quantity. m kau i ciah ; there 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 47 
 
 is not as much as he wants to eat. i iTi kau 
 
 ciah ; she has not enough to eat. chla" i eiah 
 toh ; invite him to supper. etah phi''-hun ; 
 
 take snuff. ciah che° hun ; smoke green 
 
 tobacco, ciah ciii-hun; suiokes strong tobacco, 
 raih hvin to ciah ; smokes any sort of tobacco. 
 i .si ciah hun-kuah ; he lives on sweet potatoes; 
 he is very poor, tliang ciali thang ; (6a thang 
 ciah soi tliaiig ; animals live on animals, the 
 larger eating the smaller. lu si ciali cii-nang 
 a hi ciah ka-kl ? Does your employer board you 
 or do you board yourself? kliut nTuig ciah 
 
 toa-bo-mueh ci" khu ; he had a large amount 
 of money made away with by somebody. koi 
 oiah hue; it easily ignites, ciah nang ciu nek, 
 kang njiug co hok; be a comfort to those whose 
 meat and wine sustain you. bo kong m ka 
 
 ciah 16k ; dare not partake of the imperial 
 rations unworthily. lia kwt rTi ciah ngan ; I 
 shall certainly not eat my own words. toa 
 
 ciah, soi ciah ; large and small eaters. chui 
 
 siap boi ciah ; has no appetite for food. chui 
 kut ciah ke ; has a good appetite. ui khui, 
 
 6i ciah ; has a relish for food. ciah tit loh, 
 
 eio tit khu ; if you can eat it you can digest it. 
 ciah m loh ; cannot eat it. ciah Ho mai" ke" 
 
 tieh ; do not let it stick in your throat when 
 swallowing it. ciah li'o ku tieh ; choked in 
 
 eating it. hau" ciah ; fond of it. ka-kl ciah 
 ka-ki ; he feeds himself. keh-ciah ; indigest- 
 tion. ho ciah a iTi ho ciah ; whether good to 
 eat or not. ii ho ciah ; has food, bo ho ciah ; 
 has nothing to eat. piig ciah ci"; an allowance 
 for food. peh ciah ; eats it out of hand, 
 
 than ciah ; pilfers food. ciah kau pui-pui ; 
 
 has become very stout. cp-ni ciah kiiu i la" 
 
 sang? How is it that he has become so thin ? 
 ciah li oi ciah, toa li boi toa; he eats without 
 growing. si ciah sie" a m si ? He has maras- 
 mus has he not ? cek sim ai° tue kia" ciah, cek 
 sira ai° kha tali chut; her mind was divided 
 between remaining with her children, and 
 marrying again, u thang ho ciah ; is provided 
 with food. bo thang ho ciah ; has nothing to 
 eat. ciah lio ; bread-stuffs ; victuals, ciah tu; 
 a food-safe. ciah png chng ; a dining table, 
 
 ciah siah ; to feast. ciah kiie-ci f^u tieh 
 
 ki ; when you eat the fruit remember the 
 branches. ci ciah cun ciu ciah chim cui ; 
 
 this boat draws much water. cek jit 
 
 ciah sa° tng ; eats three meals a day. ciah 
 
 l5 ciii ; gets the dew upon it. ciah i kai 
 
 khi ; takes in its exhalations. so ciah si sua"- 
 tien hai-bi ; eats of the fat of the land. ui 
 
 ciah leh ; loathes medicine. i r7i ciah ; he 
 
 does not eat it. i m ciah ; he will not eat it. 
 ko nang lai pa-16i ciah ; hire some to do the 
 
 cooking. i pa-16i kSii much io hd ciah ; what 
 she prepares is delicious. ciah tiara sira ; to 
 
 stay the stomach ; to take a bite. ciah pfa" 
 
 tieh nua'' ka-lio ; you can't eat biscuit without 
 saliva to moisten it. boi choh mueh-ciah ; 
 
 buy something to eat. b6 ko ho boi ciah ; 
 
 there is no place in which one can buy victuals, 
 siu-sip ciah ; prepare the meal. 13,u c^ali swt; 
 one who sponges his food. ciah ciii iTi ta ; 
 
 got into hot water. 
 
 — ciak — 
 
 ciak 164 To fill a cup ; to deliberate 
 V 81 V upon, 
 poll ciak; a slight repast, hi ciak; a marriage 
 feast. no nang tui ciak; drank each other's 
 healths, cim-ciak ju kia"; we will do what 
 
 we decide upon after consultation. no nang 
 cim-cira ciak-ciak ; the two were perpetually 
 in consultation. cim-ciak kau hp-hp; 
 
 arranged satisfactorily by mutual consultation, 
 ua kio lu cim-ciak kia" su; I have something 
 that I wish to consult with you about. ceng 
 nang cp-ni ciak-ngi ? To what decision did 
 they all come after consultation ? ciak-ngi cp 
 cie''-se°; they decided to do thus. ciak-liang 
 kau thp-thp tang-tang ; all is satisfactorily 
 settled. chwn bo cim-ciak ; there was no 
 
 consultation about it. lu mai" ka-ki td ciak ; 
 do not act independently. ciak cp kai gueh 
 cek tng ; adopted the decision that it should 
 be done once a mouth, 
 
 ciak 87 A title of nobility; a cup 
 i>J 997 14 for libations, 
 ciak-piie ; a wine goblet. ciak 16k ; rank and 
 salary, kong-ciak ; duke. ho-ciak ; marquis, 
 pek-ciak ; earl, cii-ciak; viscount, lum-ciak ; 
 baron. ciak-hain ; titled people. hong ciak ; 
 confer a title of nobility. 
 
 ■^4^ ciara 42 Tapering ; pointed ; sharp. 
 ^X^ 977 3 teng ciam cSi ; very sharp, 
 ciam-lai ; acute. kha ciam cliin ui"; tapering 
 feet and delicate hands, cng-thau ciam-ciam ; 
 tapering fingers, siah kau ciam-ciam ; whittle 
 it down to a point. b5i ciam ; blunt. so kau 
 ciam-ciam ; roll between the thumb and finger 
 to a sharp point. pit-ciam ; the point of a 
 
 pen. so ciam te" lu"; roll and squeeze down, 
 as women do their bound feet. mia"-ke so 
 
 ciara te° iu"; expert in shaping bound feet; one 
 who possesses great tact. ciam ta"; a carry- 
 ing pole. chili ciam-ciam ; a needle shaped 
 snout. 
 
48 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 fin^ ciam 119 Water-grown rice. 
 ^ii 322 7 ciam hi; common rice, 
 toa ciam ; large rice. ng ciam ; yellow rice, 
 
 eng cut hi a eng ciam bi ? Do yon use tlie 
 glutinous rice or that which i.s not glutinous? 
 chara khah coi ciam bi ; mixed in too much of 
 the water-grown rice. 
 
 J^ ciam 25 To divine ; sortilege. 
 
 I— I 43 8 ciam khhe ; divination, 
 ciam kfti khue thoi" lip a i7i hd ; discern the 
 omens and see whether they are favorable or 
 nnfavorable. c{ kfii khue ciam khji in 16ng; 
 
 this was a false prediction. ciam thien-bdn ; 
 auger from observation of the stars. 
 
 ciam 109 To look up. 
 -14 18 st nang k(5 «iam-ng(ang k&i 
 n&ng; he is one whom people look up to. ciam 
 mo"; to anticipate longingly. 
 
 85 
 6 
 
 Obliged, benefited ; to par- 
 ticipate in ; to be a recipient ; 
 
 v}Jb ciam 
 iP 43 
 
 to enjoy. 
 
 ciam i kai knang ; had the benefit of his light; 
 got it Ihiough his favor, tfeh fl h<5 khut nftng 
 ciam kuang cia" hd ; it is well if you have any 
 way whereby you tan help others. 
 
 fr 
 
 ciam 69 cfam-c6ih ; smoothly and 
 12 7 evenly cut or wrought out; 
 regular and straight ; clean-cut. cp khut cfam- 
 c6ih cJii ; made very evenly. chii khf kau 
 
 cfam-ciam c6ih-c6ih ; the house is built with 
 fittaight lines and correct angles. i kai 6i c6 
 lai l»ih-hah, iTi cfam-coih; his shoes are clumsily 
 made, and are not nicely shaped. 
 
 A ft ciam 9 To encroach ; to usurp. 
 I pl 45 6 pa-ciara ; to invade and take 
 possession of. ciam pting-i ; take advantage of 
 to one's own profit. ciam ti ; encroach on 
 
 another's land. ciam khuah ; to encroach be- 
 yond the boundary. 
 
 ciam 64 To search for with the hand. 
 863 8 c!am kau khang toi-toi ; feel 
 for it at the very bottom of the hole. to Idng 
 toi ciam chut lai ; felt for and found it in the 
 bottom of the bag. ciam tieh hu-toi cai-se"- 
 ie° ? How does the inside of it feel ? chiu khah 
 toa, ciam m jip ; my hand is too large, I can- 
 not thrust it in. 
 
 ciam 72 Temporary ; briefly ; for the 
 946 11 time being. cTam si ; for a 
 little while, ciam si cia" ku si ; the temporary 
 has become the permanent. ciam eng sii si ; 
 
 make use of temporarily, lia ciam na ci-kp ; I 
 shall stay here but a little while. ciam cu ; a 
 brief stay. ciam khla-khi ; a short residence, 
 ciam chi'a' jira i ; please be patient with it a 
 little while, png-png si ai" ciam kai; original- 
 ly desired to take a temporary one. ci hfte 
 bd, chia" ciam ce ; there is none at this moment, 
 please defer an instant. ciam thang; earn in 
 the interim. ta° chia" «iam eng. e-jit cia' 
 I&i boi h(5 kai ; kindly make use of tliis for the 
 time being, and afterward a better one can be 
 purchased. h<5 clam rii ho chiang ; it will do 
 temporarily, but not permanently, ciam ciah ; 
 stay the stomach meanwhile. 
 
 ciam 85 Gradually ; by degrees. 
 979 11 (iam-ciam Ifti ; came on gra- 
 dually, ciam jip kia-keng; it becomes more 
 picturesque as you proceed, sun su, ciam cin; 
 advancing in regular order ciam 16a ; gra- 
 
 dually increase in size. ciatu soi ; gradually 
 diminish. ciara-ciam bo khu; gradually dis- 
 appeared, ciam-ciam ti°; gradually tilled to 
 the brim. ciam-ciam khp ; gradually ebbs, 
 
 ciam ciam i"; waxes slowly to the full. ciam- 
 cian) khi ; gradually ascends. ciam-ciam 
 
 kui"; gradually mounts up. 
 
 — ciang — 
 
 ciang 41 A sign of the future ; about 
 9Q7 8 to ; a leader ; regarding ; 
 considering. 
 
 ciang ciu ; presently, ciang lai ; in the future, 
 ciang kau ; close upon. ciang ai° ciah ; about 
 to eat. i ciang ai" khu ; he is about to go. 
 
 ko-ciang ; it will do. jit ciang am kai si-h&u ; 
 when it was nearly dusk. ciang si ; about to 
 die. ciang ju cu h6 ? What can be done ? 
 
 ciang jip ning ; about to go in at the door, 
 ciang-kun ; a commandant. tSi-ciang-knn ; 
 
 commander-in-chief. pa-ciang ; in regard 
 
 to. pa-ciang ci kia" su, kio i la°; tell him 
 
 concerning this affair. i pa-ciang lu, cp-nl 
 
 kwn-thai ? As for you, how did he treat you ? 
 thoi" i pa-ciang ci k&i su co-ni cp ; see what he 
 will do in regard to this matter. 
 
 3.^ ciang 57 To display; to publish 
 ^JK- 22 ~8 abroad ; to boast of ; to 
 make much of. 
 
 khai-ciang; to display, (as new goods), khua- 
 ciang ; boa.stf ul. kuai-ciang cai ; very cross- 
 grained, ci kai a-no^-kia" khah kuai-ciang ; 
 this child is very cross. ciang-iang; to bruit 
 abroad, u cii-ciang, bp cii-ciang; there is or is 
 not a way to bring it about. sin khai-ciang ; 
 newly displayed. meng mak ciang ta"; it was 
 done openly. 
 
 ^f 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 4.9 
 
 ■^^^ ciang 117 Statutes ; rules. 
 -^P* 22 6 ciang thia"; by-laws, thu- 
 
 ciang ; an instrumeut to stamp orders with, 
 kliek kai tliu-eiang ; engrave a stamp. cie 
 
 ku ciang ; according to the old regulations, 
 liiang ciang ; the present regulations. 
 
 ^^ ciang 64 To rule ; to direct ; to 
 ^j * 23 8 oversee. 
 i to ciang-kwn ; he holds jurisdiction. si ti- 
 tiaiig td Clang su ? Who has the direction of 
 the affair ? si i to ciang ka ; he is the one who 
 issues the directions. ciaug-kiii°; the book 
 
 keeper. chu put ciang pia", ngi put ciang 
 
 chai ; compassion will not control soldiers, and 
 justice will not administrate wealth. 
 
 ciang 168 Senior; to grow ; to pros- 
 _ , 27 "O per. 
 ciang-cii ; the eldest son. se" ciang to ci-ko ; 
 was born and reared here. i i"-keng ciang- 
 
 Beng lio ; he is already grown up. ke-ciang ; 
 the head of the family. cun-ciang ; a vener- 
 able person. ciang-lau ; an elder; a veteran, 
 ciang pang ciang ; the eldest in the family of 
 the eldest brother. cia hong-khi m hp ciang ; 
 this practice must not be suffered to continue, 
 e-jit ciang-cin tieh pat i, in-ui btie ciang-cm 
 kai si-hau tit i ii nang-cheng ; when we have 
 grown prosperous we must recognize him, be- 
 cause before we became prosperous we received 
 favors from him. ciang tha nang kai ci-khi; 
 praised the other's good qualities. 
 
 ciang 41 A leader ; to take charge of 
 l»J 967 8" a force, 
 pia" ciang ; a military leader. t&i ciang; the 
 chief leader. mia° ciang ; a famous leader. 
 
 Hang ciang; hp ciang; a considerate leader, 
 sio Clang ; a youthful leader. lau ciang ; a 
 
 veteran leader. cifi" ciang ; chief of the staff. 
 hii ciang; lieutenant commander, cham ciang ; 
 a brigadier general, phien ciang; a lieutenant, 
 ciang kua"; army officers. hd-hang ciang ; 
 
 renowned leaders, cien ciang ; wari-ior.s. pai 
 ciang ; a defeated leader. me" ciang ; an im- 
 petuous leader. iong ciang ; a brave leader, 
 pin ciang ; an angelic leader, siang ciang ; the 
 superior officer. suah ciang ; a veteran gen- 
 eral, chut ciang, jip siang ; a general in war, 
 a prime minister in peace. ciang mng cu cu ; 
 of the breed of warriors. ciang leng ; general 
 orders, ciang pia"; to lead the troops. ciang 
 put ku sue ; insubordination ; the generals not 
 obedient to the commander-in-chief. h6 cp 
 
 ciang m hp cp sue ; he will do for a general but 
 not for a generalissimo. ciang th^i ; a signal 
 
 station. choi° pia" koi tit, cek ciang Iftng 
 
 khiu ; it is easier to get a thousand soldiers 
 than to find one general. oi to choi" kun 
 
 bwn be tang chu tSi-ciang cu thfiu, ju thkm 
 Idug chii miieh ; he can take the head of a 
 general out of the midst of an army, as you 
 would take a thing out of a bag. 
 
 tt:^ ciang 109 A cataract forming. 
 
 H-TP' 25 11 l&i- ciang ; paralysis of the 
 optic nerve. che°-me° lS.i-ciang ; stone blind, 
 kim mak Ijli-ciang ; bright eyed and stone 
 blind. 
 
 y^^ ciang 87 To commend ; to enhearten. 
 3>'>^ 968 il ciang sie"; to hold out re- 
 wai'ds. chia" ciang ; request that a testimonial 
 may be offered, khua-ciang ; to laud, ciang- 
 sie" kun-su ; reward an officer in the army. 
 
 ciang 50 hiin-ciang ; unreasonable ; 
 
 24 8 incoherent, hun-ciang kai 
 nang ; unreasonable people. hu chph ue ta° 
 chut iai, ciig kai hun-ciang k&i ue ; all that 
 was said was utterly incoherent. hun-ciang 
 kai tong-si, mai" chai i ; he is an unreasonable 
 creature, pay no heed to him. 
 
 ■^1^^ ciang 104 Noxious exhalations. 
 y.^p. 24 11 in-ciang kai ti-hng ; an un- 
 healthy country. sua" lam ciang-khi; a ma- 
 larious atmosphere. 
 
 ciang 170 To separate so as to screen 
 
 25 TT or protect. p<5-ciang;a 
 defense or protection. 
 
 ~y^'^ ciang 1 To measure ; to survey. 
 ^Jr^ 25 2 ciang tl ; to survey land, 
 ciang thoi" jieh tng ; measure it and see how 
 long it is. ciang sua"; measure wild land, 
 
 ciang chang ; to survey arable land. jieh 
 
 coi keng ciang ? How many chains is it in 
 length ? kok ciang ; the Emperor's father- 
 
 in-law. 
 
 /TAJ t-i^ng 9 To fight ; weapons ; to rely on 
 |yV 25 3 ta ciang ; to fight. phah 
 
 ciang ; to join in battle. pai ciang ; defeated 
 in battle. seng-ciang ; victorious. phah 
 
 pai-ciang ; worsted in the fight. ta seng 
 
 ciang ; victorious in the fight. ciang hi k&i 
 
 lak ; rely on your strength. lia-ciang lu ; 
 
 relies on you. ci kai nang hd khau-ciang ; 
 
 this person may be relied upon. chwn ciang 
 sin-ngi ; rely solely on his honor, ciang i kfti 
 si ; depend on his influence. kia°-jit cia° ai° 
 khui ciang ; to-day the battle will begin. 
 
60 
 
 PICTIONAEY OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 tt 
 
 ciang 75 A cudgel ; to cudgel. 
 26 y kiiai-ciaiig; a staff or crutch, 
 ciang cek peli ; give a hundred blows. sien 
 
 ciang ; an abbot's staff or crosier, 
 
 — ciap — 
 
 ciap 64 To receive; to succeed to; 
 
 975 8 to connect ; to splice ; con- 
 tiguous. 
 
 sie ciap ; to join by splicing. ciap tit khf, 
 
 ciap i7i kill; can or cannot connect tliera. 
 seng ciap ; take orders for work. ciap clii'a si 
 ti-ti;ing ? Who is his successor ? ciap-n4p ; 
 to welcome. ciap-c6 cek k6 ; join into one 
 
 piece. sa° ki ciap co cek ki ; join the three 
 
 pieces lengthwise into one. ciiip klah-thd ; 
 
 splice the wooden heel of a woman's shoe, 
 ciap chfv 6i-t6i ; mend a wooden sole. ciap 
 
 chlu ; to graft trees. ciap kut; to set a 
 
 bone. ka" ciap kit kai ; oranges that are 
 
 grafted upon limes. ciap chiii ; to take up 
 
 the tale. e kiii kii ue i ciap loh kliu ta"; 
 
 he continued with the few following sentences. 
 ciapsa°-ng; piece down the sleeves. iiHug 
 
 coi cJli, sie ciap sie ciap ; there are many 
 people present, so that they are as many as 
 have standing room. cui kuang ciap thi°; 
 
 the water seems to join the sky. cinp cang; 
 wear a false queue. pi° bue Fph ai° ciap kui" 
 a ui" ciap ke ? Will you have the silk that 
 forms the end of the queue braided in high up 
 or low down ? khieh ke tio soh khu ciap tng 
 ce ; take another rope and splice it on. thih 
 si eng sim-mih huap-cak c-ia" 6i ciap tit tue ? 
 In what way can iron be welded together? 
 cun thau ciap tieh cun hue ; the bow of one 
 boat was tied to the stern of the other. b6 
 
 thang ciap sok ; there is no successor. ciap 
 
 ke cek chieh ; lengthen it a foot more by 
 splicing. tl-hng sie ciap ; their lands are 
 
 contiguous. 
 
 c£ap 64 To win a victory, which 
 976 8 demands quickness, 
 khue ciap ; spry. lien ciap ; to attain degrees 
 at successive examinations. tit ciap ; prompt, 
 ciap po ; an announcement of victory. ciap- 
 ciap ta°; ciap-ciap li-li ta°; loquacious. co su 
 ciap-kwt ; acts with promptness and decision. 
 
 — cie — 
 
 cie 140 The plantain ; bananas. 
 yrV\ 970 12 keng-cie ; ge-cie ; bananas, 
 bali-cie; sour plantains. cek siu keng-cie ; a 
 bunch of plantains. 
 
 jtist cie 75 Pepper. 
 
 I/IA 970 8 ho-cie ; black pepper. chwn 
 cie ; small grained pepper. lah cie ; red pep- 
 pers, khu boi kiii kfii ci° huo-cie lai loh ; buy 
 a few cash worth of Cliili poppers and put 
 them in. ho-cie buah ; pulverized pepper. 
 
 ng6i h6-cie; to pound pepper in a mortar, 
 suah ho-cie; season with pepper. h6-cie raai" 
 suah khah kfta ; do not sprinkle on too much 
 pepper. 
 
 tS 
 
 cie 64 To advertise; to induce; to 
 
 31 6 entangle, 
 cie ua"; to proclaim an amnesty. chut jl cie 
 
 chong ; issue a call for workmen, cie n&ng l&i 
 chong-tng ci kla° ku ; advertise for people to 
 come and serve in this capacity, chut cie- 
 
 thiap; issue an advertisement. cie t6i° ni& 
 
 ke"; call for tenants to till the land. cie-p&i ; 
 a sign-board, bo khut nftng tali cfa cie-thiap; 
 does not allow people to stick bills here. cie 
 nfing jip chu ; induce people to enter. cie 
 
 chin ; engage a son-in-law, cie kia"-.ski ; bring 
 a Kon-in-law into one's own family. cie ang ; 
 take a husband. cie pia", bdi b^ ; to raise 
 
 troops. cie-fn i l&i ; induce him to come as a 
 convert or attache, kira jl cie-pfti ; a sign- 
 
 board with gilt letters. cie boi cie boi ; to 
 
 advertise in business. 
 
 >Aj^ cfe 42 Few ; inadequate ; not much. 
 ^-^ 74:6 1 in h(5 cie ; it will not do to 
 have less. 1(5 cie ; a very limited supply, ra 
 cai ke a cfe; do not know whether there are 
 more or le.ss. boi cie ; there are no less. m 
 cie ; put cie ; not a little. cie° ce ; diminish it 
 a little, cie ci°; diminish the price, khah cie; 
 too little. sng cie ce ; lessen the sum total 
 
 somewhat, boi khah ke, boi khah cie; neither 
 too many nor too few. kheng cie kau ti-ko ? 
 flow much is he willing to abate ? ho kai sim 
 cie ; the good are very few. cie th(5i''-ki'; 
 
 seldom seen. cie thia"-ki°; seldom heard. 
 
 ta° cie, kie" kiie ta" ke ; it is bet(er to say 
 less than to say more. u coi cie ; has moivi 
 
 or less of it. put kiie coi cie tia°; not exceed- 
 ing a small amount at the most, ne cio- 
 cie ; very few indeed. i io cie ; he has less. 
 ua cie lu cek hiie ; I am a year younger than 
 you, ci kp cie chut ci kai mueh ; there is 
 but little of this to be found here. cui 
 khah cie ; there is too little water. ciah cie ; 
 eat but little. niu kai nang-miieh io cie ; 
 there ai-e fewer of you, iTi hau" khut i cie ; 
 would not let him have it for less, siang cie ; 
 the least. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 51 
 
 cie 164 A requiam ; a sacrifice. 
 iiiW 971 T2 phah cie ; to celebrate the 
 All-souls festival, kien cie; in.stitute a sacrifi- 
 cial festival. phah pheiig-aiig cie ; celebrate 
 a festival thanking the gods for deliverance, 
 phah hue cie; celebrate tlie autumnal festival 
 of the god of fire. tali kai cie pe"; set up a 
 
 platform for sacrificial offerings. 
 
 l^fj oie 149 A decree ; an announcement 
 Ppl 35 5 from the throne. cih cie ; 
 receive the Imperial announcement. thak 
 
 cie ; read the decree. phang cie ; issue a 
 
 decree. 
 
 i-j^ cie 86 To shine upon ; to enlighten ; 
 ^\W 35 9 to accord with. khieh kia" 
 
 lai cie; bring a mirror to see it in. cie sin 
 
 kia"; a pier-glass. khieh iiiie 14i cie ; take a 
 
 light to see by. cek koi° cie kau kng-kng ; 
 
 it shines all around. cie" poi" cie kau 
 
 hie" poi"; shone from this side to the other 
 side. lia ai" cie ci kai ie°; I v^'ill follow this 
 pattern. cie ie" co ; make it like the pattern, 
 cie lu ta", si co-ni? According to your account 
 of it, what is the state of affairs ? niai" a, nan 
 cie sng ; do not dispute about it, we will 
 follow the reckoning. cie-ku. ; as of old. 
 
 cie sin kai huap-to kia"; done in accordance 
 with the new regulations. jit cie tieh ; the 
 
 sun shines on it. cie-ki" hu-ko kai nang ; 
 
 shines upon the people there. jib cie jip pang 
 lai ; the sun shines into the room. bo raiii" 
 
 put cie; it shines everywhere; all ai'e en- 
 lightened, cie kau cie" poi" tang-tang-kng ; 
 shines upon this side so as to make it all very 
 light. gueh cie jip lai kng-kng, sph co thi"- 
 kug ; the moon shone in so brightlj^ that I 
 supposed it was daylight. lip ieh chiin cie ; 
 when you make a contract preserve the evi- 
 dences, hue cie kau kng-kng, the artificial 
 light shines upon it so that it is very bright, 
 lu lia sim cie; you and I understand each 
 other. cie-hue ; to inform officially. hwn 
 cie ; vis-a-vis. cie to tng ; to reflect. to cie 
 kiie lai; i*eflected back. cip-cie ; a license, 
 or permit. 
 
 • a 
 
 — Cie — 
 
 ' S'^ cie" 117 A chapter, a statement. 
 -HF* 22 6 cek cie"; a chapter, toi" sa", 
 cie"; the third chapter. poih cie" it cak; the 
 eighth chapter and first verse. co bun-cie"; 
 writes essays. ho biin-cie"; a well written 
 
 article. pie cie"; a memorial. cau cie"; send 
 a memorial. 
 
 4;^ cie" 75 Camphor. 
 'I-^ 23 11 cie" chia; the camphor tree, 
 cie" cha co kai; what is made of camphor 
 wood. cie"-l(5 ; camphor gum. cie"-l(5 \\6 na 
 ciii teng hwt hue ; camphor gum may be 
 igfuited when on the surface of water. 
 
 cie" 85 A thick fluid ; starch ; to 
 
 968 11 starch, 
 chong cie"; make starch. sa"-kh6 kue cie"; 
 
 starch the clothes. hue ke cie" soi ; gone 
 
 home to put her clothes in order. latn cie"; 
 
 blued starch. mai" cie" khah kJiu ; do not 
 
 put in too much starch, mai" cie" khah khia ; 
 do not starch it too stiff. ai" cie" kau kliia- 
 
 khia; I want it starched very stiff. cie" eng 
 poll ce ; use ratlier thin starch. cie" cui ; 
 
 gravy, kwn cie"; produces pus. 
 
 Vl^^ cie" 75 An oar. 
 
 ,^'V 968 11 cun cie"; the oars. poih 
 
 cie" cun ; an eight oared boat. ko cie"; to 
 
 row. chi" cie", clii" m cai, tieh kp ; cannot 
 
 touch bottom with the oar and must row. si 
 pe" cie"; four oared. thau cie"; the bowman's 
 oar. biie cie"; the steersman's oar. ap biio 
 cie"; draw in the stern oar. toa*^ pe" cie"; 
 
 single oared. cie" tiam ; the upright posts, to 
 which the oars are attached in a Chinese boat, 
 cie" khau ; the rope ring which holds the oar 
 in place. cie"-khau lut khui ce, cie" cia" lap 
 tit loh ; shove up the rope ring and then you 
 can slip the oar on, sai huang, kiam ko cie"; 
 to sail and row at the same time. 
 
 i 1^ cie" 40 To watch, to guard ; to have 
 
 >J 755 3 in keeping. 
 lia ai" chut miig, lu ho cie" chu ; I am going 
 out, and you may watch the house. i cie" 
 
 kin-kin, bo kia" khui ; he keeps a close watch 
 over it, and does not leave it at all. cie"- 
 
 ke"; a night watchman. m6"-kua (p cie" 
 
 pho ; guards the shop at night. 6ng i to 
 
 cie" cah-mixg; employ him to guard the 
 barrier. 
 
 ^^^ cie" 64 The palm of the hand. 
 • ~X^ *' 23 8 chiu-cie"; pa-cie"; the palm, 
 phah pa-cie"; to clap the hands. phah i c§k 
 e pa-cie"; give him a slap. him cie"; a bear's 
 paw. koi ju hwn cie"; as easy as turning 
 
 the hand. sien-n^ng pa-cie"; the flat leaved 
 cactus. go cie"; ah cie"; web-footed. cia 
 
 tieh cang kha pa-cie" lai phah ; he ought to be 
 kicked for it. chiu cie" hun ; the lines in 
 
 the hand. 
 
62 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 ^•^^ cie" 162 Thus ; this way ; so. 
 ;jf^ 39 7 cie"-se^ hie"-8e°; like this or 
 like that. lu raai" cie"-so" ta"; do not speak 
 
 thus, ctali kau c\e" pui ; grew so stout. sin- 
 sip kau cie" ngfa ; arranged so prettily, cheng 
 kau cie" ])hai-chiaiig ; dressed so elegantly, lii 
 CO cie" niang ITii ? Why do you come so late Y 
 i kia" cie" me", lia jlo i m lieh; he walks so 
 fast that I cannot overtake him. lii cie" nbi 
 
 c6-ni 5i cie" in h<5 ? si tl-tiang kk lii cie".se° ? 
 Since you are so small, how is it that you are 
 BO bad ? Who was it that taught you to be so ? 
 tieh ang cie" toa kfi,i lia cia" ai°; if there were 
 one as large as this, I should want it. cie" 
 
 p6i", hie" p6i"; this side and the other side. 
 Iti (!ie"-se", lia hie"-se"; you do one thing, and I 
 will do the other. l<i c6 cie" 6\ ? How is it 
 
 that you are so competent ? lii co cio" h(5 ? 
 
 How is it thnt you are so well ? lii cp 6i cie"- 
 86° ? Uow is it that you are in this condition ? 
 si cie"-so"; that is the way it is; that is all that 
 remains to be said, si cie'-se" clu ai" ; I want 
 just such and no other. hug cie"-se" da h(5 ; 
 if that is the case, it is all right. lia si cie°- 
 fie"; this is my fixed position in regard to the 
 matter. lii c6 m sin m sip, cio" nah-sap f^ie" ? 
 "Why are you so disorderly and uncleanly ? 
 ju ta", ju cie-se"; the more that is said, the 
 worse it grows. ju cie"-se" cp ; do thus. lia 
 ham hi cie"-se° c6, Id tin-t6 hie"-8e' c6 ; I told 
 you to do it in this way and you did just the 
 reverse. hug hue-cun cio" me"; as fast as a 
 
 steamboat moves, ang ci koi" chii cie" t5a ; as 
 large as this house. m si cie"-se"; it is not so. 
 cie" b6 sin-khi, tieb ciah p6 ; when so lacking 
 in vigor, you must take a tonic. cie"-se" k&i 
 nfi,ng, ili-hd kau-chap ; do not associate with 
 such people. i si cp (•ie"-se" a rli si ; he 
 
 did so, did he not. i cie"-se" c6 : he did it 
 
 in this way. 
 he said. 
 
 cie 
 968 
 lah-cie cie' 
 
 i cie"-so° ta"; that is what 
 
 164 Relishes ; salt condiments. 
 
 11 tail cie"; bue cie"; bi cie"; 
 
 salt relishes made from beans, 
 plums, rice, or red peppers. hiam cie"; pun- 
 gent salt condiments. cie''-hu ; catsup. sa" 
 cham cie"; mixed relishes, cie" sie chai ; small 
 vegetables seasoned in soy. 
 
 cie" 104 To itcb. 
 
 1073 16 pe cie"; to scratch on ac- 
 count of itching. 6i cie" a boi ? Does it itch ? 
 lu kai nek td cie" ho ! You itch for want of a 
 whipping ! cie" kau khang kut ; it itches 
 
 down to the bone. cie" ai" klm pe, pe h'o iu 
 thia"; scratch it because it itches, and after 
 
 scratching it, it becomes sore. cie" kau m 
 
 lip nJii, tieh b6i sim-mueh lai sph ; it itches 
 intolerably, I must buy something to rub on 
 it. Boi cie"; a wash for itching. <io" kp 
 
 t7i p6, khu pfi thia" k(5; not scratching where it 
 itches but where it is sore. ( ie" cfii ; itches 
 
 badly. 
 
 L« cie" 1 To ascend ; to rise ; to mount. 
 -i-. 741 2 cie' kia"; go to Peking. cio" 
 l&u-teng; go up stairs. cie" sua"; ascend the 
 mountain ; to di.sembark. cle"-cle" Iph-ldh ; 
 
 ascending and descending, boi tit cio"; cannot 
 get np. thoi' m cie" mftk ; it will not pass 
 
 muster. cie" chl b6i chai ; gone a marketing, 
 cie" cun ; to embark. pha-cle" be-sin clu tieh 
 khia; if you mount a horse you must ride 
 him. peh-cle" chlu ; climb a tree. cie" chu- 
 t^ng ; get up on the roof. cie" ke, 16h ke ; 
 
 increase or diminish the price. do" ci" ka"- 
 na, Iph ci" kie"; olives grow more valuable 
 by keeping, and ginger grows less so. su c6 
 cie" clifu cu cp kau hd-lid ; as soon as the busi- 
 ness is put into his hands it is accomplished, 
 rii cie" cek kili giieh ; not so much as a month, 
 cie" c6i khii th6i"; club together and go and 
 see. kfo do"; to sura up. de" ciii cQn ; 
 
 goes against the current. chii Ifti do" ciii ; 
 
 the water rises into the house. cie" png cio"; 
 send up a report. cek e de", cSk e Iph ; for 
 
 each ascent there is a descent. 
 
 L* cie" 1 Upper ; high ; foregoing ; in ; 
 — L* 741 2 upon. de" e; upper and 
 
 lower. cie" plie" sia"; the upper even tone, 
 
 cie" khu sia"; the upper departing tone. do' 
 jit; the other day. cie" kiii jit; a few days ago. 
 cie" kfii loi-pai ; last Sunday, thi" cie" sin- 
 
 sien hii, ti e pu-kiii ke; in heaven there are the 
 mansions of the angels, and on earth there are 
 the dwellings of noble families. cie" chin si 
 ti-tiang? Who was his predecessor? cie" chi'u 
 poi", e chiu poi"; the higher and lower levels, 
 de" th&u ; up yonder. sin-cle"; the person. 
 
 siii-cio° chwn-jii h'o; he has recovered his 
 health. to ua sin-cie"; it is upon my person, 
 ci-kp i"-cie" si sim-mih tl-hng ? What country 
 is this on before us ? ki'o to hu cie"; to conclude 
 from the foregoing. lia to cie" ni lS,i ; I came 
 years ago. koi cie" u slm-mih hd boi ? What 
 is to be bought in the streets ? u cie" u e; there 
 cannot be an upper without an under, cp cie" 
 ui ; sit in the upper seat. cie"-kua ; the fore- 
 noon, cie" tng lau e tng ; keep the earlier 
 meal for a later one. cie" tng h<5, e tng 
 m h(5 ; it was good the former time but not 
 the latter. 
 
DICTIONAET OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 53 
 
 — ciet — 
 
 yiJll cieh 9 To borrow ; to lend. 
 I f^ 973 8 cieh lai, cieh khu ; borrowing 
 and lending. cieh i kai ci°; borrowed his 
 
 raonej. cieh i kai tieh cai h&i" i ; if you 
 
 borrow from hira you must repay him. cieh lo 
 keng kue; to get in through another's influence, 
 cieh to thsii nang ; make use of another's 
 weapons. cieli mug ; to inquire civilly. i 
 m hau° cieh lia ; he would not lend it to me. 
 cieh i kju toa"; the borrower's note. cieh si 
 
 cieh SI ; adapt yourself to circumstances, cieh 
 l&k cieh lak; hold back from too violent a 
 manifestation of strength. 
 
 cieh 154 The substance, mattei", or 
 68 8 grosser nature, as distin- 
 guished from the aura, or subtle parts ; to sub- 
 stantiate by evidence; to confront; essential, 
 cieh-ti lip ; good natural parts. cieh-ti m-hp 
 cS,i ; the native soil is exceedingly poor. ho 
 6e°-cieh ; of naturally fine temper. pin cieh ; 
 natural capabilities, thoi-cieh ; the substance, 
 cieh chang ; the original and real soil. cu 
 
 cieh sira si ho ; the book is excellent. cieh 
 
 sin ; something to go by ; an earnest. tiii 
 
 cieh ; confront the parties, as for proof. se° 
 cieh ; natural and essential elements. i kai 
 
 cieh lii-tan cSi ; he is naturally very dull. 
 i kai cieh chong-mcng ; he is naturally bright, 
 siang cieh, tong cieh, hia cieh ; superior, 
 mediocre, and inferior grades. 
 
 ciela 86 To absorb radiated heat. 
 t/> 235 6 khieh khu jit teng cieh ce ; 
 put it in the sun and warm it a little. cieh 
 
 sie ; warm, by radiated heat. me^-me"^ jit 
 
 cieh khun-ki'a" ciu ta ; if this broiling sun 
 heats it for an instant it will be dry. mai" 
 
 khu cieh jit ; do not put it in the sun. cieh 
 
 hiie-thang ; warmed by a brazier covered with 
 splints. cieh hue ; warmed at a fire. khu 
 hue-16 pi" cieh sie ; go to the fireside and 
 warm yourself. khi kai hue-16 lai cieh sie; 
 
 build a fire in the grate to get warm by. 
 cieh kau cek sin sie-sie ; all warmed through. 
 
 'jt ^ cieh 112 Stone ; rocks ; a measure 
 ^\-\ 766 of rice. 
 
 cieh-thau ; a rock, cieh po ; a stone, to cieh 
 teng CO ; sitting on a rock. cieh kau-fing; a 
 pebble. cieh mng-tau ; stone door casings, 
 
 cieh sai ; stone lions. cieh ko ; stone drums, 
 cieh nang, cieh be; statuary. cieh cek; stone 
 candles. cieh ciang-kun ; statues of warriors. 
 cSeh thio ; stone pillars. cieh kie-nie ; stone 
 bridges. cieh phang ; a crevasse in a rock. 
 
 cieh khang; a cave in a rock, kih cieh; to lay 
 up stones, cieh pi; a grave stone, cieh kha- 
 thang ; a stone basin. lim-koi-cieh ; stepping 
 stones. cieh t&h-po-cang ; a stone stairway, 
 
 cieh koi-lo ; paved streets. min phue kJlu kiie 
 cieh koi-lo ; very thick skinned. phah cieh 
 
 kai ; a stone-cutter. bua to cieh ; bath brick, 
 phu-cieh ; pumice stone. eng cieh ; englo 
 
 stone. che° kim cieh ; malachite. cieh-ko ; 
 gypsum. gek cielx ku un ; good and bad 
 
 were alike consumed. 1^'ig sai ngwn cieh 
 
 ti'am than ; can make the rocks nod their 
 heads. cek cieh si cap tau ; a chaldron is ten 
 pecks. lah cieh ; yellow quartz. bi cieh ; 
 
 rice in bulk. toi° kiie cieh-ci ; harder than a 
 cobble stone. cang cieh-ko kak i ; throw 
 
 stones at him. cieh-phoi ; cieh phien ; flakes 
 of stone. cieh phue; friable stone, lau khe" 
 cieh ; solid rock. hiin cieh ; soft stone used 
 
 for seals. i" cieh ; ink stones. 6i se° cieh ; 
 stony. php cieh ; carry a stone in the arms, 
 
 khah cieh ; to roll a stone on a flat surface, 
 lin cieh ; roll a stone over. ci ko cieh ppi" 
 
 kiie lai ; turn this stone upside down. ci ko 
 cieh sai i khia ; set this stone on end. cieh 
 
 chin phu ce ; lift the stone a little. cieh bua 
 kau kng-kiig ; polish the stone smooth. cieh 
 chiu kau kut-kut; rub the stone smooth, put 
 tio cieh chiii ; take away these chips of stone, 
 cek cieh cek peh kun, hok peh-poih kun ; a 
 stone is a weiofht of from 100 to 180 catties. 
 
 ail cien 86 To boil in fat ; to stew. 
 >>»'% 977 9 eng in cien a eng la cien? 
 Do you fry it in oil or in lard ? cien ieh ; 
 
 to stew medicines. lia" pua" cien poih hun ; 
 stew it down one fifth of its bulk. pua° cien 
 cti; boiled in fat and water. ai" cien ai" 
 
 cha sui to lu ; suit your own taste in having it 
 fried in much or in little fat. 
 
 cien 72 To expose to the sun ; to sun. 
 733 6 ciang-si kai jit min cien 
 khun-kia" cu ta ; with the sun as it now is, it 
 need sun but a very little while in order to be 
 dry. kue-si° mai" pai-pang-kp cien jit, cien 
 jit lio khah so, iu ai" wn ; do not spread the 
 palm leaf fans in the sun, for if they lie in the 
 sun they will get too dry and will curl up. 
 
 cien 118 Kote paper. 
 
 978 8 cien ciia ; flowered note pa- 
 per, hue cien ; billet paper. lah cien ; 
 glazed note paper, kong cien; sjn cien ; letter 
 paper. 
 
64 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 ci'en 18 To cut and trim with shears. 
 
 978 ^ 6i chai 6i cien ; can cut and 
 tit garments. clen ksiu chui-chui ; snip it up 
 fine with shears. ei'en cO no kueh ; cut it in 
 two. cfen ni'u ; a cutpurse ; a pickpocket. 
 
 cien 154 Presents given to friends 
 989 U going on a journey, or as 
 
 tokeijs of remembrance. cfen ngi ; cien kla°; 
 
 cien piet ; cien loi; parting presents. 
 
 cien 149 To ascertain the state of. 
 17 ~6~ cien mfeh ; to feel the pulse 
 
 
 »^^ cien 
 '^ 900 
 
 78 To exterminate. 
 "5" pSu cien tbien mdeh ; reck- 
 lessly destroy heaven's gifts. 
 
 cien 157 To trample on. 
 ^ 979 "8 cfi siang cien tab ; trampled 
 upon each other, as in a battle or in flight. 
 
 104 Pustules. 
 5 tau cien ; small pox pustules. 
 
 BB^ cien 62 War ; battle ; to fight. 
 ^^Ki 45 12 kio i tui cien ; made war 
 against them. cien-tie° teng, u klii si po-cien, 
 a khi si be-cien, ti khi cien ia°, u klii cien su, u 
 khi cien kau si, tl khi tit tieb cien koiig; on tlie 
 battle field, there are some who fight on foot, 
 some who iight on horseback, some who are 
 Tictorious, some who are defeated, some who 
 fight to the death, and some who get the 
 honors of war. cien-ko liii kau jiet-jiet ; the 
 war drums sound loudly. cien ciin ; a gun- 
 
 boat ; a man-of-war. cien be ; a war horse, 
 
 cien Clang ; military commanders. tSi cien ; a 
 great battle. cien tin ; drawn up in battle 
 
 array. ka° cien; valorous, phwt cien; indom- 
 itable. ci ia° teng si ci kui nang siang mia°-ke 
 phah cien ; in this corps this is the one who is 
 most skilled in warfare. kii cien ; used to 
 
 war. kua mien-cien pai ; carry a flag of truce, 
 hia cien cu ; declare war ; send a challenge, 
 cheng cien-kah ; wear armor, cien kau ki° su 
 Sa"; fought till the issue was decided, ciii cien; 
 a naval engagement. hueh cien ; a bloody 
 
 fight. m cai ti-tiang cien ia°; do not know 
 
 which party was victorious. no n&ng cien 
 
 kau hek cai ; fought till both were exhausted, 
 kau-cien ; join in battle. tang meng-khi-ca 
 kau-cien kau e-kiia ; fought from early morn- 
 ing until afternoon. kau-cien m hiah ; 
 fighting pugnaciously. co cien ; aid in the 
 fight. ce°-cien ; to quarrel. cien si ; died in 
 battle, phi to cbang-ie° teng cien ; ranged on 
 
 the plain t(h' battle. t5 sua" teng ngo tieh 
 
 ciu cien ; met and fought on the hills, lu mai" 
 kia" lai kio i cien ; do not fear to fight with 
 them. ju-biin mdng kok kio mong kok kau- 
 cien ; have heard that certain countries were 
 at war with each other. hong-sia" to bu-ko 
 cien kang giieh ; a rumor that they have been 
 fighting there for a whole month. sim cien- 
 cien ; afi'righted, in battle. sim kia" ta" cien ; 
 terrified, as in going into a melee. 
 
 |pij|& cien 181 To quake ; to shake ; to 
 M^ 45 J 8 tremble, 
 kha cien chiu cien ; shivers all over. 16 co-nt 
 cie° hftu-se° sia jl chiu oi cien ? How is it that 
 when you are so youthful 3'our hand shakes 
 when you write? sim kia" u6k cien; so terri- 
 fied that the flesh creeps. 
 
 that 
 
 IS : even 
 
 Art ciet 26 Forthwith; 
 PI' 984 7 the same as. 
 ciet jit ; that same day. ciet si ; instantly ; 
 
 ciet si ; that is it. m si hii-k&i ciet si ci-kai ; 
 if that is not it, this is. sin kun ciet ui ; a 
 
 new monarch is on the throne. ciet-khek ; 
 
 forthwith. ciet-sok cIu khu co ; went at once 
 and did it. ciet si hu k&i mia"; that is the 
 
 name. ciet jii m6ng su; supposing that hap- 
 pens, kue ui t<5 ciet ; New Year soon comes. 
 
 — cih — 
 
 cih 64 To receive; to welcome; to 
 ?*% 975 8 take in the hand, 
 ngeng-cih ; to meet and welcome. cih tieh 
 
 sin ; received a letter. lia m ceng cih tieh lu 
 kai jl ; I have not received your letter. cih 
 
 in ; receive the seal. cih jim ; take office, 
 
 chut lai cih i ; Lssue forth to receive him. i 
 
 bo chut lai cih lia ; he did not come out to wel- 
 come me. cih sin kua°; welcome a new offi- 
 cial, cih sia" ci ; receive the imperial orders, 
 to mong jit cih tieh huang-siang kai ci ; on 
 tiiat day received the orders of the prime min- 
 ister, cih sin ; welcome the gods. kiii I6h 
 khu cih i ; kneel to receive him. cih i kfti 
 
 tang ta"; took upon him his heavy burden, 
 me"- me" kio i cih ; took it from him in haste. 
 
 cih 64 To fold, to double together; a 
 ^ ,i| 41 11 fold ; a paper properly folded, 
 cih cua ; to fold paper. cih sa° kho ; to fold 
 
 up clothes, cih hd lio, than tit ; after folding, 
 straighten it again. ciia tam cih-bua lio than 
 m khui ; the paper being wet I could not open 
 it out again after folding it up. cih lio tab 
 
 CO cek e; after folding them, put them together 
 in a pile, cih u kai kak ; turn down a corner ; 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 55 
 
 to make dog's ears, cili i tit ; fold it st raight. 
 cih si-cia"; fold it sqnarely. cih hun ; to crease 
 by folding. cih cek cQe hun ; make a crease, 
 pell cih ; paper used for official documents. 
 
 -jjC» cih 64 To compensate ; to make 
 J/ 1 40 4 amends for. 
 kau cih ; pay ninety per cent. cih co kiii 
 
 sia ? What percentage will he pay in com- 
 pensation ? cih CO ci"; to compensate in 
 money. cih ciah ; to compensate for food 
 which was due. cok ke, bo khau, bo cih ; 
 exactly at cost price. 
 
 :^^ cih 135 The tongue. 
 
 I t 749 cih than ; the tongue. cih 
 biie ; the tip of the tongue, cih kun ; the root 
 of the tongue. cih kun tau kiu ; tongue-tied, 
 toa cih ; to stammer or stutter. chui cih m 
 
 ho ; apt to speak evil. chui cih kh6-cia°; 
 
 have a bad taste in my mouth. kua° hui 
 
 khau cih ; to discuss politics and talk scandal, 
 oh chui oh cih ; to mimic. chui cih mai° 
 
 khah kin ; do not be too eager to eat. kuah 
 cih ; to slit the tongue. cih chun chut lai 
 
 khut lia thoi"; put out your tongue that I may 
 see it. ' lu kai chui peh khuah, lia thoi" lu kai 
 cih cai-se"-Ie"; open your mouth wide so that I 
 can see the condition of your tongue. lang 
 
 cih; to loll out the tongue. lu raai" chap chui 
 chap cih; do not you put in your gab. cih ke°; 
 tongue ploughing; i.e. teaching. o-Ip kau tiak 
 cih ; praising everything whether good or bad. 
 a-no^-kia" kai cih nng, oh ue lo koi oh, ce 
 io u ni-lme cih-kun lo nge, fle cu oh oh ; 
 children's tongues are flexible and they easily 
 learn to speak, but when they become older 
 their tongues become stiffer, and languages are 
 learned with greater difficulty. hiie-cih ; 
 
 flames. via thoi" hiie-cih chut lai ; I saw the 
 flames coming out. thd sua-cih ; forms a 
 
 sand-spit, se" cih tai ; his tongue is coated. 
 
 tJf 
 
 cih 64 To sunder; to snap in two. 
 
 40 4 a cih ; to snap in two by 
 bending between the hands. keh cih ; to pry 
 in two. au cih ; to wrench in two. thui 
 
 cih ; to sag down so as to break. kong cih ; 
 
 to break by striking with a stick. phah 
 
 cih kha-kut ; broke his leg by the blow. cih 
 CO no sa° ko ; broke into two or three pieces, 
 cih CO no kueh ; broke in two pieces, tah cih; 
 broken by being trodden upon. jun cai, a 
 
 boi cih ; it is very tough, T cannot break it 
 off, by bending it. ta" cih ; broken by having 
 something fall upon it. ci kA,i much au, pang 
 khah toa lak ciu cih; this is decayed, so that 
 
 if you set it down too forcibly it will break, 
 sek cih ; break by throwing. koi cih ; easily 
 broken. m h<5 ut cih; do not break it in the 
 attempt to shape it. chiu ki pun huang chue 
 cih ; the limb of the tree was broken off by the 
 wind. pe" cih ; broke it by catching hold on 
 it. puah cih chiu-kut; fell and broke his arm. 
 thiam cih chiig-kha ; broke the leg of the table 
 by kicking against it. bai cih i"-kha ; broke 
 the leg of the chair by tipping backward in it. 
 ci° cih be-f"; broke the high bench by crowding 
 upon it. CO cih pho-pang ; broke the bed by 
 sitting on it. ci ki e" thoi" tieh ai° cih tii' 
 
 cih ; this beam looks as if it were about to 
 break. nang-mueh khah coi pang-kie kia" 
 
 cih ; there were too many people on the foot- 
 bridge and it broke. kia°-ui i cih, khieh 
 much lai ah ; if you fear it may break, get 
 something and bind on it to strengthen it. 
 CO khah kii ie-ciah-kut sng kau cih ; sitting 
 too long makes my back ache as if it would 
 break. uai cih kiah-kha; twisted his foot so 
 as to break off the heels of his wooden clog, 
 ko cih cie"; broke an oar in rowing with it, 
 cuang cih toa ; broke the rudder by colliding 
 with something. 
 
 — cim — 
 
 JBm, cim 68 To deliberate upon. 
 ^5t I 16 9 cim-ciak; to deliberate upon; 
 to hold a consultation. lia ai" kio lu cim- 
 
 ciak kia" su; I wish to consult with you about 
 a matter. u kii tie ai" kio lu cim-ciak ; I 
 
 wish to speak a word with you about some- 
 thing, tang i lai cim-ciak ; wait till he comes 
 to talk the matter over. tang ua cim-ciak ho 
 lio cia" lai hue-hok lu; wait till I have thought 
 the matter over and then I will answer you. 
 siang soi cim-ciak ; deliberate carefully upon, 
 bo cim bo ciak cu khu co ; went and did it 
 without consultation with any body. 
 
 ^H cim 147 To kiss. 
 
 -^lyW 991 9 cim -chui; kiss on the 
 mouth. sie cim-chui ; kiss each other. cim 
 i cek kai chui ; give him a kiss. cim i k&i 
 
 kih-kau ; kiss her on the cheek. 
 
 • ^Y^ cim 118 Admonition ; warning max- 
 /tiKi lt> 9 ims ; appeals to reform ; to 
 exhort. pheng-iu-ke tieh siang cim-kui ; 
 
 friends must admonish each other. ci'a si 
 
 khng 61 kai liang cim ; these are good maxims 
 exhorting people to reformation. 
 
 low. 
 
 cim 75 A pillow ; to lean upon ; 
 16 4 adjacent. cim-thau ; a pil- 
 tek cim-thau, hui cim-thau, phue cim- 
 
66 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 th3,u, cha cira-thau, tin cfm-thAn ; bamboo, 
 eartlien, leatliern, wooden and rattan pillows, 
 sin hue ci'm-thau ; an embroidered pillow. ci 
 kai cira-tliS,a si jip mi° kai, ci k^i cim-thftu si 
 tie" Ick-tau khak ; this pillow is stuffed with 
 cotton, and the other one with pea-pods, wn- 
 ie" ci'm ; a double pillow, used by newly married 
 couples, and called after the mandarin duck, 
 which is a pattern of conjugal fidelity. hi°- 
 cfm 5 a pillow with an ear hole. Su cim kut ; 
 the occiput. ci'm pi" ue ; private talk. ko 
 cim-thdu cng ; sued on account of what was 
 learned by eavesdropping. cim thS,u sie"; a 
 
 box pillow, fit t6 cim-thau ; lying on a pillow, 
 ua" ci'm bp iu ; sleep without anxiety. t&ng 
 
 cfm ; bedfellows. sit ei'in ; disturbed rest, 
 
 caiig chiu khut i ci'm ; pillowed on his arm. 
 bo cfm-thau, cang chiu cim ; pillowless, and 
 lying with his head on his arm. cim tieh ; the 
 end of one resting on the other, like a head on 
 a pillow, sie cim; conterminous, cim in tieh; 
 cannot make thera lie end to end. cang ci 
 
 kai sua" co iu cim ; take this hill as a back- 
 ground. 
 
 cim 85 To merge in ; to imbue; to 
 
 989 7 soak, 
 cim ciu ; to soak in spirits. cira thng k&i ; 
 
 preserved in sugar. cim si; khut ciii cim. si; 
 drowned. cim bit; merged in honey. bit 
 c\m ; sweetmeats made by merging fruit; in 
 lioney. cim kau thang-thang ; soak till it is 
 thoroughly saturated, cim iTi thang ; it is not 
 soaked through. cim ling; soak in order to 
 
 soften. cim kan lok-lok ; soak it till it is wet 
 through. cira i liang ; merge it in water to 
 
 cool it. cim i phd ; soak it till it swells out. 
 cim soi kau cheng-khih ; soak and wash it 
 clean. chi'a" pang hu tdi cim ; put it in there 
 to soak. cim kau chut g6 ; soak it till it 
 
 sprouts. pun ciii cim te° khu ; dissolved by 
 
 the water in which it was submerged. cim 
 
 thang-iu kai in ui ciii ; what has been saturated 
 with wood oil is not injured by water. cim 
 cia" c ap jit ciii cia" tho ; after standing about 
 ten days the waters subsided. ch&ng-hiig 
 
 pun ciii cira tlo khu ; the crops have been 
 destroyed by being inui^dated. toa cui cim to 
 nfing kai chii ; the high water is inundating 
 people's houses. cim jun ; to toughen by 
 
 soaking. 
 
 — cin — 
 , » » ^ 
 
 ^Sc, cin 140 Torches ; faggots. 
 y^/X ^06 13 cha cin ; firewood. khng 
 
 eSk pe cin t6 ko ; have a bundle of faggots 
 laid away, ci khi cin si hd liam hue ; this sort 
 
 of faggot may be used as a torch, khia ki cin 
 khu cliie" lo ; take a torch to light the road, 
 cin-kia"; a small torch. 
 
 cin 85 Narrows ; a ford ; saliva. 
 
 988 6 kwn cin to khau; guardhouses 
 at fords, se" cin ci kuah ; pi-oduces saliva and 
 alleviates thirst. cin-ek; saliva. 
 
 Js^ cin 109 True; real; sincere; actual. 
 y^ 15 6 cin cu ; real pearls. cin-cu 
 buah ; sago flour. cin cia" ho ; really good, 
 
 cin sim ; true hearted. iIi cai cin ke ; do not 
 know whether it is true or false. cin-sit ; 
 
 genuine. ta" cin-sit kai uo ; speak the truth, 
 cin-sit k&i to-li ; true doctrines. cin jin ; a 
 
 phantom of a man, is one who possesses 
 divinity and can therefore become invisible, 
 jin cin c&i ; in earnest. mih su to tieh jin 
 
 cin ; be in earnest in all things. cin-cin m 
 
 kham ; utterly unworthy. lu cin m hio lio ; 
 
 you do not understand it at all. cng cin, 
 
 chak hin ; the booty discovers the thief. Iti 
 
 cin »7i h<5 cai ; you are really very bad. ua 
 
 thdi" tieh cin ngia ; 1 consider it really 
 beautiful. i cin sieh ua ; he loves rae 
 
 sincerely, cin leb ui ke pe", cin pe" bo ieU 
 
 ui ; real medicine cures unreal diseases, but a 
 real disease is incurable. hue cin, kc s!t ; 
 
 unadulterated goods, at their actual cost. ta" 
 cin kai a ta" ke kai ? Does he speak truly or 
 fal.sely ? thin cin ; to make correct. cin 
 
 kim put pha" hue, lien kii ia sio-sih ; true gold 
 does not fear the fire, but if it is kept long in 
 the crucible it will lose a little. lia cin 
 
 sim cin i kio lu ta"; I tell you the unfeigned 
 truth. ciu pii-si m pha" ke hiie-sie"; true 
 
 charity does not dread a false priest. 6i plen 
 cin ngui ; can distinguish between sincerity 
 and hypocrisy, cin chai, sit lio ; real talent is 
 real wealth. cin thp put tui ; a tme womb 
 
 does not miscarry. jii thoi" jii cin ; the 
 
 more you examine it the more genuine it ap- 
 pears, khau-chii cin chai; look for real 
 talent. mang kau ne cin-cin ; the dream 
 seemed very real. hun-piet cin ke ; discrim- 
 inate between true and false. ke kau ne 
 cin-cin ; so perfectly imitated as to appear 
 genuine. 
 
 cin 64 To stimulate ; to excite. 
 
 18 ~T cin-cak ; to encourage. M a- 
 si kheng cin-cak cu u eng ; if you were willing 
 to incite them it would be of use. tai cin ke 
 sia"; his great energy has made his family 
 famous. 6i cin si-hai ; he is one who can 
 
 arouse the whole country. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 67 
 
 cin 154 To bestow alms. 
 
 18 7~ cfn-ci; to relieve distress, 
 citi-ci ki-hng ; bestow charity on the famine 
 stricken. toi ci" ci'n-ci ; contribnte money to 
 be bestowed on the needy, cin-ci phin-khiong 
 kai nang ; give alms to the poor. 
 
 ^|=» cfu 173 To shake and qniver. 
 j ^j^ 18 7 ti ci'n ; an earthquake. cln 
 ui lui ; rattles like thunder. phau sia° cin 
 
 thi"; rattling cannon shake the heavens. 
 
 cin 140 To recommend ; to introdnce; 
 /rt»s/ 97^ ^^ ^° ^^^ forth; to offer oblations, 
 cin CO ; to worship ancestors, si'a huang cin-cu 
 khut i ; gave him a letter of introduction. cii\ 
 gaa natig; bring forward worthy men. thph 
 nang cm cek kia° su ; entrust one with the pre- 
 sentation of some matter. lu u thp-thang kai 
 nang, cxii cek kai khut ua eng ; recommend a 
 laborer from among yours, for my service, ka- 
 ki cu cin; to recommend one's self. c\n kai ni- 
 senf khu ui i kai pe"; recommend a physician 
 who can cure his disease. in-c\n ; to set forth ; 
 to recommend; to present, si nang ku-cin kai; 
 is one who was nominated. 
 
 fiW-I^ cin 62 "War ; to fight with numbers. 
 ^pXt 45 12 i si ciah cxn-hiang, a ciah be- 
 hiang, a ciah siu-hiang ? Does he live upon pay 
 as a foot soldier who goes out to fight, or as a 
 mounted trooper, or as a member of a garrison? 
 
 cin 162 To advance ; to make pro- 
 __ 990 ~8~ gress ; to bring forward; ihe 
 divisions of a house having separate entrances. 
 kia° cin kiii po ; advance a few steps. cin jip 
 hu lai ; went in there. cin thp li'ang lang ; to 
 advance or retreat is equally difficult. kau 
 
 ci-ko lai put ciu put tho ; from this point we 
 could neither advance nor reti'eat. cin kua 
 
 c6i° lai ; come forward. kia" cin c6i° ce ; pro- 
 gress somewhat. i co mih su ka° cin coi"; in 
 whatever he does he exerts himself. in-cin ; 
 
 to bring to notice. chp-thau-e cin p6 ; the 
 
 first step in advance, kau au ciang-cin cu po- 
 tap i ; when he afterward attained promotion 
 he recompensed him. i to bus ci'ang-cin kai 
 si-hau si siu kue i kS,i un-hui ; before he had 
 been promoted, he had received great kind- 
 ness from him. iu ci kia" su cin sin ; it 
 was in this way that he advanced himself, 
 cin kbng ; to bring tribute, rniii" ni to tieh lfi.i 
 cin kong ; must bring annual tribute. I4i cin 
 kbng u jieh coi loi-mueh ? How much tribute 
 has been brought ? lai cin kong kai u jieh coi 
 kok ? How many are there of the tributary 
 states ? i lun-kim rri kheng lai cin-kong lio; 
 they are no longer willing to remain tributary. 
 
 ^Jfh cin 162 
 1P^ 990 8 
 
 ua cia" tah cin mng ciu th6i"-ki"; I saw it as 
 soon as I entered the door. khu mdng ko cin 
 hie"; go to a certain place to worship with 
 great parade. cin-sfl ; Doctor of Civil Law. 
 
 ci koi" chii kui cin ? How many divisions deep 
 is this house ? cin kia°; go to the capital, 
 kia" cin kia° thp; advancing and retreating. 
 
 Xi^ cin 120 A sort of light red or carna* 
 0*^ 990 10 tion silk, 
 cin-sin ; the government red-book in which is 
 recorded the names of the gentry and officials, 
 bun bii cin-sin; an official list of all the officers, 
 both civil and military. boi pang cin-sin l^i 
 thdi"; buy the red-book and examine it. 
 
 3e cin 108 To exhaust; to finish entirely; 
 Jlllk 989 9 to use all; the utmost degree; 
 nothing left ; the extreme. 
 
 cin lia kai sim ; with all ray heart. ke-ch§,i 
 
 phua cin ; spent all his patrimony. cin nang 
 lak, theug thi" kong ; do to the utmost of 
 your strength, and leave the rest to the mercy 
 of heaven. cin ceh ; fulfill your whole duty, 
 cu-cin ; to put an end to one's .self; to commit 
 suicide. i kai cU-ein si si cin cak si kS,i ; his 
 suicide was a martyrdom. cu put cin ng3,a, 
 ngan put cin l; written words do not exhaust 
 the language, and language does not express 
 all ideas. cek ngsln lang cin ; it cannot all be 
 told in a word. ta" m cin ; it is inexpressible, 
 bp khiong cin ; inexhaustible. lu cin cheng 
 
 cai ; you are extremely kind. kau ci kp si 
 
 cin than kai ui-chu ; this is the extreme limit. 
 thS,i kau cin ; slew them all. cin sim cin i; 
 
 to the utmost of one's ability. cin si ciii ; 
 
 nothing but water anywhere. c§k mang pha 
 cin ; took them all at one haul. khu kau cin 
 biie kp ; went to the extreme end. lia cin ua 
 kai lak lai cp ; I will do to the utmost of my 
 power. u si m-h(5 cin sai, G lak m hp cin 
 
 eng ; one should not use all his influence, nor 
 expend all his strength. cin tong pp kok ; 
 
 serve the state with the utmost faithfulness, 
 eng cin, ciah cin ; use up all one has. tng cin 
 cieh cin ; to mortgage all one possesses, thoi" 
 cin jieh coi DS,ng, thia" cin jieh coi ue ? How 
 many people do you thoroughly understand, 
 and how many subjects do you perfectly com- 
 prehend ? ngo cin, cap lio ; has nothing at all 
 left. u hok mai" cin hiang ; bliss should not 
 be enjoyed to the uttermost. 
 
 — cio — 
 -t^^ cio 64 To let people know ; to own 
 ^M 31 y to; to wait on. 
 i m kheng cio-jin ; he is unwilling to own 
 to it. c6k p6i° li ce phah ciu cio, cSk poi" 
 
68 
 
 DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 li phab si r7i kheiig cio ; one party owned 
 it on being beaten, tbe other party would 
 not own it though beaten to death. cio-io 
 
 cuang-pliien ; to beguile. min njng cu oio ; 
 
 confessed it unque.stioned. cio chai ia; the 
 
 god of weath. cio-ke m cu ; unequal to resist, 
 cio-hu ; to wait upon. khut phab seng cio ; 
 criminate one's self falsely because of being 
 beaten. 
 
 H'^^ cio 130 Imaginary organs or passages 
 f}^^ 970 12 which are supposed to encircle 
 the cavities of tbe thorax and abdomen, and 
 connect tbe viscera. Chinese physiologists 
 have used them as a convenient force to ex- 
 plain the obscure operations of digestion and 
 secretion, and say they have no form. 
 cle° cio, tong cio, e cio, kie-co sani cio; the 
 upper, middle, and lower portions of the body 
 between tbe heart and the groin, are thus called. 
 
 *j^Q cio 74 Suddenly ; early ; morning. 
 •^'3 32 8 cek cio ; in a trice. cek cio 
 ce pii-kui ; grew suddenly rich. m§ng-cio ; 
 
 to-morrow morning; by and by. a-no 
 
 sam cio B6i-Sk ; infants are bathed on the 
 third day. 
 
 tpTj cio 72 Luminous ; to show forth. 
 |f|j 31 5 ceng mak cio-cio; every eye 
 beheld it. thi" li cio ciang ; heaven's laws 
 
 are evident. cio kun than ; cio kun ui ; a 
 
 fillet worn by Chinese women. 
 
 4j^ cio 76 To cut fuel. 
 ^m 971 12 cio-hu; a woodman. si pak 
 Qe, ue cp hA, cio, ke°, mok; paint four scrolls 
 representing a fisherman, a woodcutter, a plow- 
 man, and a shepherd. 
 
 A^ cio 86 Browned; singed; scorched. 
 ^>»> 970 8 cha cio; fried brown, cha 
 kau cio-cio ; fried very brown. sim cio ; 
 
 greatly distressed. chiii cio-chau ; the mouth 
 parched. an-leng cio-chau ; the throat hot 
 
 and dry. lii mai" cio-chau ; do not be vexed, 
 aim la,i cio-chau ; anxious and v?orried. 
 
 I^Jl cio 196 Birds. 
 fii^ 632 cio bo, cio kak, cio kia"; 
 the mother bird, the male bird, and tbe bird- 
 lings, hun-cio ; a dove, kheb-cio ; a magpie. 
 inua"-ciah cio ; a sparrow. ku-ku cio ; the 
 
 wood pigeon. teng-hie" cio; the clove bird, 
 plm-iong lio ; a canary. ngio-thau cio ; an 
 
 owl. hu-teng cio; cormorants. lio-eng-p6 
 cio ; hawks. lio-kp cio ; a minor, a small 
 
 black bird that can be taught to talk, piin-ce 
 
 cio; blackbirds. i"-cio ; martins. pue cio ; 
 birds. khim cio ; the feathered tribes. cio 
 tau ; a bird's nest. cio-laiig ; a bird cage, 
 
 cl'i cio; to keep birds. i chi ciah phu-iong 
 
 cio; she keeps a canary. phab cio ; to shoot 
 birds; to fight birds. pliah pue cio ; to slioot 
 a bird on tlie wing. (oh cio khue ; fortunes 
 
 told by trained birds. cio-biie; a stool- 
 
 pigeon, loh vio kuang ka cio ; to train bird.s 
 in a bird pen. cio hiah to hu-kp; birds 
 
 perch there. cio (6 phiih sit; the bird is 
 
 flapping his wings. cio (p ph6h ; the bird is 
 soaring. cio ka" ki chlu ki ; the bird has a 
 
 twig in its bill. cio t<5 Ipli slm-rn6eh ? What 
 is the bird pecking at? cio 1(5 pii kia"; the 
 
 bird is covering its young. thi cio ; to catch 
 birds with bird lime. cio gu ; in(roherent 
 
 chatter. cio td ci i k&i mp°; the bird is oiling 
 its feathers. 
 
 m 
 
 r\o 
 ^\\\ 35 
 
 86 
 9 
 
 To regard ; to care for. 
 
 cio-kii ; to regard; to patronize; 
 to look after. cio-kii m kkn ; did not take 
 
 sufficient care of her. cio-kwn ; to oversee. 
 
 CIO cU ; go according to the written direct irjns. 
 m CIO cu; go contrary to the book. chwn iIi 
 cio cu ; wholly unprecedented. 
 
 "^TtT c\o 149 To announce. 
 PPl 35 6 CIO kau thi' e; proclaim 
 throughout the earth. h6ng cio; received the 
 antiouncement. hang-lim i" thSi cio; an 
 
 officer in the National Academy. 
 
 ztdU^ H-| cio-li Lictors ; criers in a cortege; 
 ^>5> -~j^ 524 underlings ; official attend- 
 ants; runners, who accompany the retinue of 
 an official. sang poi" kai cio-li ia; the 
 
 attendant images standing on either side of 
 an idol. 
 
 do 61 Ardent ; earnest ; vehement. 
 
 661 5 ci hiie to lS,i cio-cio-kie, boi 
 khu li pat pu; am now full of this affair, and 
 cannot go and attend to any thing else. sim 
 clo-cio-kie, boi tit ci kia" su me''-me° li kau 
 seng ; have my mind engrossed in it, and am 
 eager to bring this matter to a speedy consum- 
 mation. 
 
 — cioh — 
 
 cioh 172 Small birds. 
 997 3 cioh me"; unable to see after 
 nightfall, a condition which is supposed to 
 cause tbe birds to go to roost at dark. koi- 
 cioh-rae°; night blindness. ciob-me", kau jit- 
 ce am cu cn^ kai thoi" m ki"; those who are 
 nisjfht blind are unable to see at all after dark. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 — ciok — 
 ^^ ciok 193 To sell. 
 
 fz^ 1140 12 boi kua", ciok ciak ; fo sell 
 office and trade in titles. ca tiang-si kai boi 
 kua" ciok ciak si kurig-cbln bue ain-ce° cp kai 
 BU : ta° boi kna" ciok ciak co-iii cliio-tb6ng 
 in§iig-peh kia° cliut lai ? The sale of offices and 
 titles was formerly carried on secretly by cor- 
 rupt noblemen: how is it that it is now done 
 openly by the government ? 
 
 — cip — 
 
 nfe-lf cip 32 To hold fast ; to maintain ; 
 TP^V 67 T to retain. 
 
 cip i ai" kla" ; persisted in so doing, cip kin ; 
 hold fast to. lu raai" cip lu kai i ; do not 
 
 obstinately maintain your own opinion, buam 
 su m lip cip it; in all things one should be 
 open to conviction. kii-cip ; pertinacious, 
 
 cip-au ; obstinate. cip huap ; abide by the 
 
 rule. kak cip cek goi ; let each keep to his 
 
 own trade. lu cip ci kai cheng-li, i li cip hu 
 kai cheng-li ; you hold to this view of the 
 case, and he to that. kak cip cek i ; each 
 
 retained his own opinion. kak nang cip kak 
 nang kai \ ; each held to his own notion. cip 
 BU; manager or trustee. pai cip su ; appoint 
 managers. lia ka lu cip pit kai huap cak ; I 
 teach you how to hold the pen. pe cip; a 
 
 father's equal in age. 
 
 cip 64 A paper properly folded, as 
 41 11 an official document, 
 cip-cu; a document; an authoritative permit; a 
 license, or order, issued by government, khieh 
 cip-cu lai ki"; brought a document for the 
 government, and had an audience. nin kS,i 
 
 toa" khui lio, cp-ni in hu. ua kai cip-cu ? Why 
 is it that your draft does not correspond with 
 my letter of credit ? gua khau kau-kwn to si 
 eng cip-cu ; in foreign trade bills of exchange 
 are always used. 
 
 cip 172 To collect ; to flock together. 
 
 985 4 cip coi ; to gather in one 
 place, cu-cip ; to congregate, ceng nang coi- 
 cip ; all are assembled. 
 
 — cit — 
 ^ cit 130 A ridge. 
 
 986 6 elm cit ; the elevated ridge 
 of a roof, liam hue teh cit ; an ornamental 
 ridge in stucco. sua" cit teng; a ridge of 
 hills, tang cit ; the roof-tree. 
 
 V5ui cit 190 To weave ; to manufacture. 
 H^bKi 70 12 cit p6 ; to make cloth. cit 
 hue cbau ; to weave flowered fabrics. cit 
 
 m 
 
 mSng; make netting, cit raSng sa"; to make a 
 netted jacket. cit cjIu kek ; the officer who 
 
 attends to the procuring of silk and porcelain 
 for the palace. 
 
 cit 195 A bream or perch. 
 984 9 cit hu ; perch, toa cit bd; 
 a fat bream. khie cit liu kai lio-biit tieh loh 
 kau-kau ; must put in plenty of the dressing 
 that is to go with the percii. ang sie cit-hu ; 
 a roasted bream, u nang khIeh cit-hu khu p^ 
 ka''-iia cap, bue cap; some people cook perch in 
 olive juice or plum juice. cit-hu 6i khui ui ; 
 perch aids digestion. 
 
 cit 104 Sicknes.s ; disorders. 
 
 983 5 cit pe"; disease, thia" cit ; 
 painful ailments. jiam cit ; to infect. cit 
 sok ; kip cit ; in great haste. 
 
 cit 38 Envy. 
 
 984 10 cit-kb ; jealousy. ci kai 
 nang cil-ko cSi; this person is of a very jealous 
 disposition. 
 
 ^^ ytfp^ cit-li Gorse ; furze. 
 »*i^ yy^ 984 peh cit-li ; gorse, used in 
 medicine. thih cit-li ; iron caltrops used in 
 
 war. cit-li ci; gorse seed. 
 
 — ciu — 
 ^C| ciu 162 Around ; throughout. 
 ^^LmL 48 8 ciu-ui ; around. si ciu-ui ; 
 all around, ciu-ui jieh khuah ? How spacious 
 are the surroundings ? ciu ni ; all the year 
 
 round, i ciu si nang cie°-se"; he has been like 
 that all his life, ciu sin ; all over the body. 
 
 ciu 30 To make a circuit; to envi- 
 
 47 5 ron ; enough, 
 ciu-bak; closely environed. ciu-swn ; to 
 
 make a circuit, as winds do. chwn bo ciu- 
 
 swn ; wholly lacking in cordiality. ciu chio ; 
 a dynasty, which lasted from B.C. 1022 to 255. 
 ciu cliwii ; to carry a thing through. ciu cai 
 si su ; universal knowledge of affairs. kwn- 
 
 thai naiig-kheh m ciu-tau ; fail to treat a guest 
 properly. mih su cp kau ciu-tau cSi ; does 
 
 all things in a very complete style. cin-ciu 
 
 tau-tau ; very complete throughout. 
 
 B^ ciu 109 The ball of the eye. 
 W 993 8 m^k-ciu ; the eyeball, mak- 
 ciu thia"; has sore eyes. mak-ciu-jin ; the 
 
 pupil of the eye. ai" chue, mak-ciu m tieh 
 
 thoi"! Do you expect to find it without looking ! 
 lu kai mak-ciu bp thoi" lo, cp mai" puah tieh ; 
 if you do not look where you are going, you 
 caimot do otherwise than fall down. 
 
CO 
 
 DICTIONARY Of THE SWATOW DIALICCT, 
 
 b6 mak b6 cia ; eyeless. 16 kai noak-ciu rf 
 
 che°-rne"; your eyes are good for nothing, cie" 
 t6a kai, ruak-ciu ciu hiio ! At your age, yoar 
 siglit is poor, is it ! i mak-ciu leng cfti ; 
 
 he is very sharp-sighted. nmk-ciu siap ; 
 
 sleepy, mak-ciu kok-kok kira ; the eyes glar- 
 ing, raak-eiu kini-kim ; with eyes wide open, 
 mak-ciu bie-bie ; sqaint eyed. 
 
 ciu 47 A politic-al district, ranking 
 48 8 next to a prefecture ; a region, 
 tie ciu hu ; the Department of the Tides, the 
 name of the region in which Swatow is situat- 
 ed, ti-ciu ; a district magistrate of the higher 
 grade. ciu-th6ng ; deputy magistrate. tok 
 kiok ciu ; governing a single district. 
 
 ciu 116 Thickset; denne; crowded. 
 ^PJ 5l 8 n^ng in ciu-bAk ; the popula- 
 tion is dense. chu-thua ciu-bak ; the houses 
 are crowded close together. 
 
 ftnT* jVt* ciu-kang A river transport boat, 
 3_L TTj 189 with a high prow, 
 
 lin ko cek ciah ciu-kang-kfa°, cia" cftp kfii 
 nguu ; we hired a small transport boat for ten 
 dollars. ciu-kang-kia° phi" li p6 I'o dih ; the 
 cheapness of a transport boat makes up for 
 its narrowness. 
 
 
 ciu 9 To look at ; to regard. 
 
 972 9 m ciu m chiii ; gave the cut 
 direct. chwn b6 ciu-chai ; took no notice 
 whatever of it. bo nang ciu b6 n&ng chai ; 
 
 no one gave the least attention to it. put ciu 
 put chai ; paid no heed to it. 
 
 ciu 85 An islet, small enough to be 
 48 6 seen at one glance, 
 pliu-cii kai ciu-hng ; a floating islet, sua ciu ; 
 a sandy islet. 
 
 ciu 154 To bestow. 
 'RJ 48 8 ciu-ci ; to relieve the poor by 
 benefactions, ciu kip; relieve pressing distress. 
 
 ciu 164 Wine ; spirits ; liquors. 
 
 999 8 boi efu ; to cfu ; to sell 
 liquors. ko ci'u ; buy a little wine, ciu pia°; 
 brewer's yeast. sai cfu ; pour the wine into 
 the wine cups. un ciu ; heat wine as for 
 
 drinking. thi"-si chin, cm tieh un sie ce : m 
 pi juah thi"-si cp chin ci'u to hd ciah; the 
 weather being cold the wine must be heated 
 more : it is not as it is in hot weather, when 
 one may take his wine cold. cia ciu sJ ka-kl 
 s&\\ kai : this liquor is of our own distilling. 
 lu kai ciu liang io kau, ua" kai ciu-ceng io t5a 
 
 kai; you can take much wine without becom- 
 ing intoxicated: change your cup for *a larger 
 one. bo inih chai, ciu tieh ciah ke no pue; 
 
 since there are not many side dishes, you must 
 take a couple of cups more of wine. lia boi 
 
 ciah ciu, ciah lio ai" hwt ciu radh ; I cannot 
 take wine, if I do 1 have the eruption on tho 
 skin that is produced by wine. ho ciu hd 
 
 chai kwn-th&ii; entertained him with choice 
 viands. to u jieh c6i ciah ciu siah ? For how 
 many guests were plates laid ? sie ciu ; sara- 
 shew ; arrack, ang ciu ; red wines. peh cia ; 
 white wines. tang-cj Ifin ang ciu ; the red 
 
 wine of winter. kau-lien ciu; strong drink ; 
 wine made from sorghum. kek ciu ; makes 
 
 wine, cut-biciu; liquor made from glutinous 
 rice. ciah ciu ciii ; tipsy. kua° ciu hong ; 
 maudlin drunk. phah ciu biie ; the jollity at 
 the end of the feast. khut nftng chia" ciah 
 
 sin-nie ciu ; invited to a wedding feast. ciu 
 ciah kau sam-tong-hne; drank till boozy, ciu 
 ni; malt. phii-th6cia; wine made from grapes. 
 ciu thu; a drunkard. ci kiii kai nang-kheh 
 
 long-cong ciu kha ; these guests are all old 
 wine drinkers. un ciu; heat wine by placing 
 chaff around the wine jars in order to make the 
 wine ferment, ciu sck cu thu ; a wine-bibber. 
 
 •^rv^ ciu 9_ To scold ; to blackguard. 
 \f^ 963 18 cin-me"; to abuse or rail at. 
 ciu kku i 1)6 ko hd ; reviled her so that she 
 knew not what to do. me" ang cia kiu"; 
 
 berate one's husband and children. 
 
 wO ciu 30 To curse ; to imprecate ; in- 
 
 fy^ 49 5 cantations. 
 
 ciu-cua ; to swear. i ciu kau i b6 ko hd ; he 
 
 swore at her till she had no peace. liam ciu ; 
 
 recite incantations. than ue hu, than llam 
 
 ciu ; drawing written spells, while reciting 
 
 incantations. 
 
 "rtV- ciu 48 To go towards; to come near in 
 ^iJfU 999 9 point of time; then; forthwith, 
 ciang kbi ciu koi ; to meet one scheme with 
 another. ciu lai, ciu kliu; went almost as 
 
 soon as he came. cia thoi" m ki" khut ; just 
 
 now missed it. ffi hd ciang ciu ; this will not 
 do at all. ciu ti chii nie; comes to that place 
 to obtain supplies. lia ciu si cie''-se° ta"; that 
 was what I said at the time. u cie"-se° ciu 
 
 sng si lio ; if that is the case, there is nothing 
 more to be done. cie°-se" ciu hd ; that is all 
 right. ciu-si cu ai°; want it immediately, 
 
 seng-cin ; to bring about. cie°-se° cu oi tit 
 
 seng-ciu; thus it may be brought to pass, si i 
 lai ciu ua, m si lia khu ciu i ; it is for him to 
 come to me, not for me to go to him. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DULECT. 
 
 61 
 
 — cng — 
 
 cng 112 Bricks ; thick tiles. 
 
 117 11 fiiUg cng ; red bricks. clie" 
 dig ; gray bricks. sie cng kai te ; a brick- 
 
 kiln, ci koi" elm tbo e ai" pho cng a iTi ? Are 
 you going to lay a brick floor in this house ? 
 ^i" pho siiu-raih cng? What sort of brick are 
 you going to use in paving ? lu kai chie" ai" 
 kih cng a ai" ceng hue ? Are you going to make 
 your wall of bricks or of chunam ? 
 
 cng 154 Booty ; spoils ; plunder ; 
 
 949 6 stolen goods, 
 khi cng ; recover the booty. liah chak ciu 
 
 cng; when you catch the thief you are near the 
 stolen goods. u jieh coi cng-kia"? How 
 
 much booty is there ? khui cek tie" cng-toa"; 
 gave a receipt for the booty. co ti, pun cng ; 
 stay by the stuff and get a share of the spoils, 
 kua" m tham cng ; the officials do not covet the 
 spoils. go boi chak cng ; buy stolen goods 
 
 unwittingly. 
 
 tV" cng 53 A store; a depot; a farmstead. 
 /ZLl 112 3 ])6 cng; a cloth warehouse, 
 hie" cng ; a farmstead. cng teng ; men who 
 
 work on a farm. cng kheh ; hired men in 
 
 a de'pot. ci" cng ; a mercantile house ; a 
 
 depot from which money is issued. ke cng; 
 hamlets. 
 
 cng 
 113 
 
 145 A package ; to pack. 
 7 cng cek kheng cek kheng 
 
 pack them basket by basket. boi ngwn cng 
 
 kai ; buy them in the original packages. cng 
 kau hp-hp cia" ta° Iph cun ; when they are all 
 properly packed, carry them to the boat. ji 
 
 ke to si ci cek cng hiie, tp-ui boi i ci'e ci", boi 
 lia ke ci"? The goods we both have are from 
 the same bale, so why do you sell them to him 
 for less than you sell them to me ? 
 
 cng 119 The attire ; the toilet. 
 
 113 6 cng liam;ke cng; a bride's 
 trousseau, siu cng ; make the toilet, siu cng 
 lau ; a boudoir up stairs. cng sek ; glossed 
 
 over, cng chu ; dressing place, toa" siu cng ; 
 dowdy looking. 
 
 4^ cng 64 The fingers. 
 l^R ^ 67 6 cng-thau-kong; the thumb, 
 chau cng- than ; the fingers, biie cng kia" ; the 
 httle finger. tok tlo chiu-cng-thau ; chop off 
 the fingers, in cng-th^u bo ; to seal by an im- 
 print of the thumb. cng kah ; finger nails, 
 cng-kah hue ; the balsam flower. 
 
 M 
 
 cng 167 The toes. 
 56 4 kha-cng-thau ; the toes, 
 thak tieh kha-cng-thau; stubbed his toe. kha- 
 cng-kah ; the toe nails. kha-cng-thau kong ; 
 the big toe. kha-cng-kia"; the smaller toes. 
 
 ^^^^ cng 32 To bury with decorum; to 
 -"■"a 949 10 inter a corpse, 
 mai-cng; to bury. sang cng; to carry to the 
 grave. kSu cng ; to inter with all the para- 
 
 phernalia complete. ci' kp ti si cng kua"- 
 
 bak a rf cng hue-kim ? Do the people here inter 
 in coffins or in urns ? ai" cng chim a ai" cug 
 chien ? Do you wish the grave to be deep or 
 shallow ? chien khu pat kp ciig ; remove for 
 interment in another grave. sin cng kai 
 
 phun ; a newly made grave. ci khau phQn si 
 hap cng kai ; this grave is one in which two 
 people are buried. mang si cng bp ui ; if you 
 are long iu dying there will be no place in 
 which to bury you. 
 
 cng 167 An awl ; a borer ; to punch ; 
 , , , 1026 19 to bore, 
 cng-kia"; an awl ; a gimlet. phah ki ho kai 
 
 cng-kia"; make a good awl. ki cng-ki'a" 
 
 cieh lia kap cu-cheh ; lend me an awl to u.se in 
 binding books. cug kai khang, toa-toa kai ; 
 punched a very large hole in it. eng keng- 
 
 hun cia" ciig tit Iph ; take an auger having a 
 string to turn it by, and then you can bore 
 It. cng h'o sie-lin-thang khu ; bored it clear 
 
 through, cng 6i-t6i ; make holes with an awl 
 in the soles of shoes. 
 
 11 The whole ; entire. 
 4 ^ cng kai hp ; they are all 
 lia cng kai rli cai ; I am wholly 
 
 J±L 1013 
 good ones. 
 
 ignorant concerning tlem. M cng kai rn pa"t 
 ci kia su; you know nothing about this mat- 
 ter. cng kai cp cek-e khieh lai ; bring the 
 
 whole of them at once, cng kai khut lu ; give 
 you the whole of them, lia thoi" tieh cno- kai 
 bo eng ; I consider it wholly useless, cnt^ko • 
 the whole lump. cng ki"; the whole bi^nch! 
 cng tio ; the whole strip. cng hu ; the entire 
 set. cng png ; the entire volume, ciicr pang • 
 the entire company, m c6i cng ; inco°mplete.' 
 pe bp coi cng ; both parents are living. cno- 
 ke nang; an unbroken family. ° 
 
 «i 
 
 cng 30 To feed as insects do. 
 
 112 ^12 h6-sin iq cng ; the fly is feed- 
 ing. ^ ciah-tu tieh siu cheng-khih, cia" bo bun 
 iai cng; the food safe must be cleaned, tlien it 
 wiU not attract the small flies. hia \6 cncr lio 
 thang 5 the ants are eating a worm. " gu^ngk 
 
62 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 tleh khieh-khi mai° kliut hia lai cng ; the beef 
 must be put away so that the ants will not 
 get at it. 
 
 cng 70 To eddy, to whirl ; cnrling. 
 
 821 7 c'lii ka-cflg ; a whirlpool, laa 
 kau liu-ko cu ka-ciig ; the current there eddies, 
 ka kau k^i cng chim-chim ; wheels round and 
 round forming a deep whirlpool. hfa ctii 
 
 16ng-cdng ka-cng ka-cug ; the water there 
 swirls round and round, i kai mo" ka-ciig ka- 
 cng; her hair hangs in ringlets, thau-khak kai 
 m6° kai cug ksii cng; his hair lays in curls all 
 over his head. hu kai cng fo chiia, ci kili ciig 
 io cia"; that carl is askew, this one is in place. 
 
 ^ 
 
 cng 94 A complaint; an accnsation. 
 
 114 4 ko-ciig; to indict; to accuse, 
 sia cng ; write out an accusation. cng-sii ; an 
 indictment. cng-su ; a lawyer. tlioi" i 
 
 kai cng-sA ; see what is the cause of complaint, 
 cia" cng, hu ciig; the original copy and the 
 draft of an indictment. ko gu-ciig ; carry a 
 
 case to the Throne through the Censorate. 
 
 m 
 
 CO 115 Rent; lease; rental. 
 1007 6 ehii CO, chang co, ph6 co; 
 the rent of a house, field, or shop. siu co; 
 
 collect rents, siu kang co ; collect rent due in 
 money. siu chang co ; collect rent due in 
 
 produce. co ci°, co nguu ; money received as 
 rent. ti co ; ground rent. lap jiuh coi co ? 
 How much rent do you pay ? co koi° chu 
 
 lai tiu ; rent a house to live in. tieh Iftp tl 
 
 CO ; ground rent must be paid at stated times, 
 khiam co ; owes rent. hfti" co; pay the rent, 
 thd CO ; dun for rent. co siia"; lease one's 
 
 property, ceng co ; raise the rent, kiam co ; 
 diminish the rent. co kuah-pun pSt ii&ng 
 
 siu ; transfer the rent to another person for 
 collection. tieh u n&ng tam co; there must 
 
 be some one to guarantee the rent. soi" kue 
 plio CO ; prepay the rent of the shop. ci koi° 
 h&ug cek ni co jieh coi ci°? For how much per 
 year is this warehouse rented ? hue co ; give 
 a lease as security for a debt. 
 
 CO 113 An ancestor. 
 1007 5 pai CO; worship ancestors, ke 
 CO ; one's ancestors. leng co ; your ancestors. 
 CO pe ; grandfather. ceng co ; great grand- 
 
 father, ceng CO b(5 ; great grandmother, kau 
 CO ; gi'eat grandfather's father. thai kau co ; 
 great grandfather's grandfather. sf co ; the 
 
 founder of a familj'. soi° c6 ; my late grand- 
 father, thai SI CO ; first emperor of a dynasty, 
 kong CO toa nang; Your Excellency, my grand- 
 
 father. c6 ble ; ancestral temple. co sd ; 
 
 ancestral hall. cd nglap ; family estate. c6 
 ti; family inheritance in land. c6 thwn kai; an 
 heirloom. tang cd thwn loh lai kai; inherited 
 from ancestors. seug cd kai nang ; seng nAng 
 k&i cd ; become the head of a house or tribe. 
 
 c5 187 Abrupt ; suddenly. 
 
 9(32 14 c6-jien i7» k\" khu ; suddenly 
 missing, c6-jien cu loh ho ; suddenly began 
 to min. put-leng c6-jien cQ 6i kai; it is not 
 a thing that can bo done suddenly. m-h<5 c6 ; 
 do not be abrupt about it. 
 
 — cbi — 
 
 iwT coi 120 Fibers of various plants, used 
 'r><J> 944 11 in making cloth ; threads 
 used in weaving ; linen yarn, 
 ceh coi ; to splice fibers. coi kheng ; a basket 
 u.sed for holding yarn. ceh pp-lo-mua" coi ; 
 
 splice the fibers of the leaf of the pineapple to 
 make thread for weaving. ceh tin coi ; to 
 
 splice fibers of China grass. cJm coi ; soak 
 
 the fibers used in weaving. ciap coi ; join 
 
 threads, in coi ; wind linen thread. c6i mai" 
 mueh ju ; do not tangle the thread. c6i ceh 
 CO sua°; join the fibers so as to make thread for 
 sewing, ju se jii coi toh tit tit, jA nhng toh m 
 tit ; you can pick out and straighten tangled 
 yarn, but you cannot disentangle the snarls 
 into which people get. 
 
 c6i 210 Uniform ; even ; all together; 
 
 966 at once, 
 cek coi lai khu ; go in a body. bdi hue c6i ; 
 have not yet bought all that are required, 
 sio-bak me"-me" siu c6i ; get the accounts to- 
 gether speedily. siu-sip kau c6i-c6i cia°-cia''; 
 very systematically done. theng cdi, cia" 
 
 lai; wait till you have the full complement and 
 then come. ceng nang c6i-sia° tap-in ; all 
 
 answered in concert. ceng nang c6i sim ; all 
 were of one mind. P*ng khu m c6i ; did 
 
 not set them down evenly. thiap c6i-c6i; 
 
 place them evenly in piles, nin c6i-c6i lai thia"; 
 come all together and listen. cek coi chut 
 
 lak ; put forth your strength simultaneously, 
 le"- le" bdi kku coi ; sort by sort, buy the full 
 complement. c6k c6i co cS lai ; bring the 
 
 complete assortment at once. 
 
 j^^ coi 86 Much ; many ; more. 
 
 :^^ 909 3 coi cS,i ; very many, coi-coi ; 
 a great many. jieh coi ? How many ? cie" 
 
 coi ; so many. ii coi cie ; have more or less, 
 
 lu mai" coi su ; do not be troublesome, i khah 
 coi ue; she talks too much, mien hie" coi ; that 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 68 
 
 is more than is needed. ci cek ie" tSng coi ; 
 this sort is much the heavier. ci kA,i ngia tit 
 coi ; this is much the prettier. toa hph coi ; 
 mui'h the hirger. lip coi ; much better, hia, 
 fo ho CO' ; how much better that is. pf hfa 
 
 tng coi ; much longer than tl^at one. pi ca 
 
 jit juah coi ; much hotter than it was yester- 
 day, cuah coi to kp ; lacks a great deal, 
 mien ta° hie'" coi ; it is unnecessary to say so 
 much. nin jieh coi kai chui ? How many 
 have you to provide food for ? cie° coi cong 
 kau ; this much is quite enough, nang-be coi; 
 nang-mueh coi ; there are a great nutnber of 
 people there. nang coi, Qe coi ; where there 
 are many people there is much talking. kim 
 ni se° 10 coi ; this year the produce has been 
 considerable. ci kai ti-hng chnt siang coi ; 
 this I'egion produces the greatest amount, hu 
 kai coi kue ci kai ; there is more of that 
 than of this. siang teng coi ; the greatest 
 quantity. b6 coi nang, kng i m pliu ; without 
 a great number of men it cannot be carried, 
 cuah m coi ; no great deficiency. ciah ra 
 coi; does not eat much. coi-coi to oi tit 
 h'o ; even a great quantity may be used up. 
 8e° kang coi ; brought forth great numbers. 
 l&i coi ni lio ; came many years ago. kau ta° 
 hph coi jit ; it is now many days since, lu cie" 
 coi kai gueh t(5 co mih sii ? What have you 
 been doing these many months ? ne coi-coi ; 
 a very great number. coi kau sio m lio ; 
 innumerable. coi kau sng m pat to khu ; so 
 many as to be countless. ci'-kp ju-keng coi ; 
 here they are still more numerous. ciu ce 
 ciah khah coi, ue cu coi-coi ai° ta" ta"; when 
 too much liquor is taken one says much that 
 were better left unsaid. bp sim-mih coi ; no 
 great amount. mai° Iph khah coi ciii ; do not 
 put in too much water, lu mai" kha chi'u coi ; 
 do not be meddlesome. mai" khah coi hvvn- 
 Ip ; do not be too sad. cie"-se" io khua"-uah 
 tit coi ; thus it is much more comfortable. jii 
 coi jii hp ; the more the better. coi sia ; 
 many thanks. lu jieh coi hiie ? How old are 
 you ? coi-coi to hi"; want all there are, be it 
 never so many. 
 
 COl 
 
 -f tl c6i" 64 The fingers. 
 IXm 57 6 chiu coi"; the fingers. kha 
 coi"; the toes. koi coi"; ciah coi"; the fore 
 
 finger. ciang coi"; ho-lai coi"; tang coi"; 
 
 tin-tang coi"; the middle finger. bp mia" 
 
 coi"; the ring finger, soi coi"; the little finger, 
 coi" kah ; finger nails. chiu coi" cak ; 
 
 finger joints. sa" coi" kS,u ; three fingers in 
 
 thickness. 
 
 ^{jT c6i" 18 To clip ; to pinch and break, 
 j;?V 978 9 as between chopsticks, 
 cdi" cp kueh ; clip it in two. coi" c6 ka- 
 
 a trig; clip it into several regular pieces. t3 
 tin-tang ciu coi" Iph khu; clipped it in two in 
 the middle. 
 
 .-, coi" 18 Before; in advance; the 
 
 |IJ 981 7 front, 
 coi" S,u ; before and behind. coi" jit; day be- 
 fore yesterday ; some time ago. toa coi" jit ; 
 the day before day before yesterday. c6i" kai 
 gueh ; month before last. c6i" ni ; year before 
 last ; in former years. toa coi" ni ; the year 
 
 before year before last. chii coi"; in front of 
 the house. coi" mng ; the front door, ning 
 c6i°; before the door. coi" Iph, 5u 16h ; the 
 
 front and rear buildings. coi" ang ; her for- 
 mer husband. R6i" coi" kai bo ; his first wife. 
 coi" kha, aa kha ; the one ahead, and the one 
 in the rear, ho coi"; before the shower. c6i° 
 n^ng kia"; a stepson. ngan coi"; just ahead, 
 
 ngan coi" u sim-mih su ? What immediate 
 business have you ? mak coi" ii sim-mih h<5 
 chu me ? What pleasant occupations have you 
 in the immediate future ? soi" coi"; aforetime, 
 coi" lai ; formerly. cie" coi"; press onward, 
 
 hiang coi"; face your destination. gueh pua" 
 coi" au hp kau ; may arrive about the middle 
 of the month, c6i"-cin ; to advance. kia" m 
 cin-coi"; makes no progress. thau min coi"; 
 
 ahead, i kia" thau-rain-coi"; he walks ahead, 
 
 — coih — 
 
 W.-H coih 85 To sop up. 
 J^% 1032 11 khieh kp p6 khu coih ta; 
 take a piece of cloth and sop it up dry, eng 
 mi" khu coih kau ta-ta; take some raw cotton 
 and sop it all up dry. 
 
 cioh 118 A festival ; a period of time. 
 974 9 coih khi; coih hau; stated 
 times. si coih; times; the terms, poih coih; 
 the solstices, the equinoxes, and the beginnings 
 of the four seasons. cp coih ; kue coih ; to 
 
 keep holiday. coih koih ; the two or three 
 
 days succeeding a festival. ngvvn sio coih; 
 
 the 15th of the first month, called the feast of 
 lanterns. cheng-meng coili ; clear bright 
 
 weather; the time of worship at the graves of 
 ancestors, in the second or third month. ngo 
 gueh coih; the fifth day of the fifth month, the 
 the festival of dragon boats. chit gueh piia" 
 coih ; the middle of the seventh month, when 
 offerings are made to the childless spirits, 
 tongchiu coih; the middle of the eighth month, 
 when the moon is worshipped. tang coih ; 
 
64 
 
 DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 the winter solstice, in the eleventh month, nl 
 coih ; the annual festivals, toa coih; the great 
 festivals. sang coih ; make holiday presents, 
 coih loi ; the presents appropriate to the time ; 
 the compliments of the seasons. 
 
 c6ih 62 To cut off; to intercept; to 
 976 10 slice with a downward stroke 
 of tlie knife ; slices. 
 
 coih (p kueh ; cut in two. mai" c6ih tng; do 
 not cut it off. c6 no sa" coih ; make two or 
 
 three cuts of it. cie° c6ih e c6ih ; the upper 
 portion and the under portion. c6ih lo chie°- 
 kinp ; to waylay and plunder. coih cQ ; 
 
 intercept. pin ci-ko coih ; cut it off from this 
 point. coih co ku-a tug; cut it into several 
 
 regular pieces. c6ih phion ; cut it in flakes, 
 
 coih si ; cut it in shreds. coih cek cak cek 
 
 cak ; out it in sections. ci ki to b6i lai, bo 
 
 mih hd coih ; this knife is not sharp, and is not 
 very good to cut with. coih nek, coih hA ; to 
 slice meat or fish. h6".thau c6ih ; to guillotine. 
 c6ih tio than ; to decapitate. c6ih ieli ; cut up 
 drugs. cam coih ; chop up. c§k to c6ih ; 
 one style of slicing. ai" coih sie tui ; slice 
 
 them so that the slice will be unbroken, mai" 
 coih li ; do not break the slices in the cutting. 
 cfam-c6ih; smoothly cut. ciam-ciam c6ih-c6ih; 
 concise and accurate. ue ta" lai ciam-c6ih 
 
 c8,i ; the language is terse and clear. ka 
 
 kau ciam-coih ciam-c6ih; clean cut, with 
 shears. 
 
 — cok — 
 
 cok 80 To commit to another's 
 96 21 charge by request or in- 
 junction ; to enjoin upon. 
 
 cok-thoh i khu cp ; commission him to go and 
 do it. siu n^ng kai cok-thoh ; had a com- 
 
 mission from some one. si i boi cok chut 
 
 l&i kai ; one who was suborned by him. ua 
 
 cp-ni ieng-leng cok-hu M, lu to bp thia"; no 
 matter how often I reiterate the instructions 
 to you, you do not heed them. cai-sa° cok- 
 
 tliph ; charged him repeatedly. 
 
 t^ cok 157 The foot ; sufficient ; fully. 
 AImt 1014 chfu cok ; hands and feet. 
 hia°-ti si chiu cok ; brothers are to each other 
 as hand and foot. cok e ; Your Honor ; you, 
 sir. sit cok ; a false step. ka-ki cu cok ; he 
 is sufficient unto himself. cok eng ; enough 
 for the purpose. cok-cok chiie lu u piia" jit ; 
 I have been seeking you for fully half a day. 
 cok-cok u cek peh nl'e tSng ; it is fully a 
 hundred taels in weight. lu tieh cai cok ; 
 
 you noust be content. lu cie'-se" tieh cai 
 
 cok ; you must be satisfied with that. Id 
 
 cie''-8e'' si in cai cok ; you are not content witii 
 that. ci kill natig put cok tSu ; such people 
 are not worth talking about. cok sio ; the 
 
 full account. hai° cok sio ; paid the bill in 
 
 full. siu kau cok-cok ; collected the entire 
 
 amount. mua".cok ; quite full. cliong 
 
 cok ; to fill full. ngun-cui cok ; the surplus 
 
 weight of the coin is paid for in full. cok 
 
 ngiin ; coin in which there is no deficiency nor 
 deba.semont. cap-cok ; complete in all res- 
 
 pects. Dgun cfip-cok ; the money is quite 
 
 sufficient. ttip-ji cok hp ; Buperezcellent. 
 
 cf kue tang siu cap-cok; this last crop was a 
 full one. i kai chai-cheng put cok lai 
 
 tng toa ceh-jim ; his ability is not sufficient 
 for a post of great responsibility. ui sue put 
 cok, ui Clang fl u ; not so much as is required 
 for a commander-in-chief, but more than is 
 required for a general. cf kla" ku put cok 
 
 kiiai ; there is nothing very wonderful about 
 this. cok ccng ; unalloyed. cia siah si 
 
 cok-ceng k&i ; this pewter is without alloy. 
 Q cok, Q <i ; there is enough and more than 
 enough. jl-si cok ; many times more than is 
 needed. 
 
 cok 113 To supplicate the gods ; to 
 
 95 5 felicitate, 
 cok hok ; invoke blessings, cok-bun; forms of 
 prayer. cok sin kai ue ; the language of 
 
 prayer, tau cok ; to say prayers, cok siu ; to 
 congratulate another upon his birthday. ble 
 cok ; an acolyte, or waiter in a temple. chfa" 
 tl-tiang thak cok ; request some one to read 
 prayers. kheng cok bwn siu ; bless with 
 
 endless life. 
 
 X/p cok 9 To act ; to become. 
 I f* 1005 6 cok-kuai; cok-cong; to as- 
 sume an air of indifference ; to put on a 
 pompous manner ; to have an unusual air of 
 superiority, i ciah khah pa cu cok-cong; if he 
 has too much to eat he will become pompous, 
 i cie"-si cok-kuai cSi ; she assumes great 
 dignity lately. 
 
 c6k 70 A family which traces its 
 1015 T^ descent from one ancestor, 
 cok pho ; a clan register. cok tie"; the chief 
 of a tribe. cok lau ; the elders of a tribe, 
 
 cong-cok ; a clan. tang cok ; of the same 
 
 tribe. hok im cek cok ; a benefactor of th e 
 
 whole tribe. hah c6k ; a united clan. hSm 
 cok ; the whole clan. cok iSi ; belonging to 
 
 the clan. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 65 
 
 c6k 30 The sound made in calling 
 ,. , 825 6 a dog. 
 i 10 (ok-cok SI kho i bua-klm a si h^ni i khui- 
 khu ? In sounding tliat call to the dog, is he 
 setting him on, or calling him off? lu m tieh 
 c6k-c6k-kie kho i lai ciah ? Why do you not 
 call the dog to come and get his food ? 
 
 — cong — 
 
 >y;A^ cong 120 All of ; the utmost extreme; 
 7\<^ 106 5 the end. 
 cong jit ; all day long. cong me"; the whole 
 night. cong-kii ; forever. cong-kii to ; is 
 
 eternal. cong-kii cie"-se"; it is always thus. 
 
 sf cong si cie°-se"; from beginning to end it is 
 the same. co su tieh n si ii cong ; in doing 
 
 things there must be a beginning and an end. 
 cong sin kai tai su ; the greatest event in life, 
 (marriage). lim cong kai si-hau ; when near 
 his end. ni cong sue mo"; the end of the year. 
 Bien cong, bo sien cong; a happy or an unhappy 
 end. cong su oi hp ; it will be well in the 
 
 end. lau-sit cong-kii cai ; the honest endures, 
 cong ni iTi pat th6i"-ki" i chie; have not seen 
 him laugh for a whole year. i cong jit sng ; 
 he plays all day. 
 
 , —^Z. cong 40 A clan ; a tribe whose 
 A|> 1021 5 members all have the same 
 surname and are descended from the same an- 
 cestor, tang cong ; clansmen. cong chin ; 
 kinsmen, cong cii; a lineal descendant, cong- 
 cok toa thai-kp kali mi°-nua"; when the clan 
 becomes large there are always some in it who 
 are leprous, tai cong-su ; the ancestral hall of 
 the clan. mong si kai cong-su ; the ancestral 
 temple of a certain family. 
 
 cong 157 A vestige ; a trace ; a clue. 
 
 1023 11 cong-ciah ; vestiges, chak- 
 tlioi" i kai lai cong khu ciah ; inquii-e into his 
 doings, bo cong bp ciah ; chwn bp cong-ciah ; 
 left no trace behind. 
 
 cong 120 Perpendicular ; downward; 
 
 1022 11 a meridian line. cong 
 
 hue"; up and down and across. cong hue" 
 
 thi" e ; up and down everywhere under heaven; 
 wholly unrestricted. hah-cong ; to fall into 
 line, to unite in concerted action. cu ho hue 
 hah-cong kio i cien ; all the princes joined in 
 fighting against him. kak kok ce hah-cong 
 cu rli pha" i ; if all the states range themselves 
 under one banner and act in concert against 
 him there is nothing to fear. 
 
 cong 120 To comprehend in one; 
 IVllS 1023 IT altogether, 
 cong-tok ; the governor-general. c6ng-lf ; 
 
 general supervision. cong nau"; including 
 
 everything. c6ng pia°; a majoi'-general in 
 
 command of a division. c6ng-kwn ; general 
 overseer. a-c6ng-kwn; head constable, long- 
 cdng ; the whole of them. c6ng ai'" lu hau" 
 
 tia"; all that is lacking is your consent, to tng 
 cong-thau ; acts as supervisor. cong koi fi 
 
 jieli coi ? All being reckoned in, how many are 
 there ? cong sng ; all counted. c^k c6ng G 
 
 jieh coi ? What is the sura total ? cek cdng to 
 si ; all are of the same sort. choi° cong ; the 
 lieutenant in a regiment, pa-cdng ; an ensign, 
 lu cong ai"; you altogether desire it. cie"-se° 
 cong m kia" ; in that way it does not move on 
 at all. cie"-se'' cong 6i tit seng; thus it may 
 wholly succeed. lu c6ng hd ; you are all 
 
 goodness, cong bua ; to sum up. cong cu, lu 
 ai" a m ai" ? All things being considered, do 
 you want it or not ? cdng-li kak kok su-bu ge- 
 mng ; the general council for the administra- 
 tion of foreign affairs. cdng mau"; gather 
 up in one. cdng su ; the chief clerk in a 
 yamun. 
 
 cong 120 To wrongfully permit ; to 
 1022 11 let go; admitting that; 
 allowing that ; although. 
 
 cbng-iong i ; indulge him. lu si cong-iong i ; 
 you connive at his doings. m hp ku-i cong- 
 long i cie"-se"; should not purposely connive at 
 his doing thus. cong-jien si cie-se" lia ia m 
 
 ui ; allowing it to be so, I am still unafraid, 
 cong-sai lu pue cie" thi", ua ia liali lu tit tieh ; 
 even though you fly into the heavens, I can 
 still catch you. cong-sai i cp khut- ciah lia 
 
 ia ngvvn ke i ; even if he were a beggar I 
 should still be willing to marry him. cong 
 
 kia" kia" hiong ; permit a child to do evil. ce 
 cong ciu khi khu ; as soon as it was let fly it 
 went up. cang sin ce cong ciu cie" lau teng ; 
 gave one spring and mounted to the upper 
 floor. 
 
 to cong 2 To suit; to fit; to hit. 
 
 ' I ' 105 3 ci kia" mueh cu cong ua kai 
 i; this thing just meets my wishes. cia si i 
 
 siang cong 'i kai ; this accords perfectly with 
 his ideas. 
 
 ^ 
 
 cong 
 1024 
 
 60 A follower ; an attendant. 
 8 8ui-c6ng ; attendants. put 
 
 hun siu cong; makes no distinction between 
 chief and follower. cong sin ; an attendant 
 
 on the gods, cong-ok ; outhouses. 
 
66 
 
 DICTIONAEY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 C(5 — 
 
 '-^-* CO 48 The left side ; depraved. 
 /^ 1002 ~2 cd iu ; left and right. c<5 
 p6i"; on the left. c<5 chiii ; the left hand. c<5 
 kha ; the left foot. c6 inak ; the left eye. c(5 
 BU ill sie"; thinking of this way and that way. 
 c6 tail hok ceug ; erroneous doctrines mislead- 
 ing many. 
 
 KH c<? 1'^° '^o impede, retard, or delay. 
 nOk 88 5 c(5-ci; pat a stop to. c(5-keh ; 
 to hamper, cd-tkng; to block the way. nua°- 
 cd i ; stand in iiis way. nfia°-t(S i niai" ; pre- 
 vent his doing it. cd Iftng; everything work- 
 ing against one. lu mki° lA,i c<5 lia ; do not you 
 come and hinder me. chia" cd ce ; please 
 
 delay a little. cd i ra cu ; cannot stop him. 
 
 c6-ni cd i to i7i khe'iig hiah ; whatever you do 
 he will not stop. 1)6 cd bo keh ; without hin- 
 drances, boi cd boi thi, tit-ttt cQ khu kku hu 
 ko; if there be no impediments we shall go 
 straight there. pun huang-ho cd-keh cia 6i 
 cie° mang ; we are so late on account of being 
 hindered by the bad weather. kang-lftng 
 
 hfam cd; came near being prevented by the 
 difiBculties in the way. 
 
 y^^ cd 75 The Chinese date. 
 "^y^ 953 ¥ cd chiu ; the date tree. ftng 
 cd ; red dates, o cd ; black dates, bit cd ; the 
 sweet date, toa cd ; the large date. sua' cd ; 
 wild dates. kie° cd ; dates preserved with 
 
 ginger. cd-ni-kp ; date paste, cd kua°; dried 
 dates, sin tiah kai cd ; freshly gatliered dates. 
 
 Jt-j^ cd 9 To assist ; to second. 
 |gC 1002 5 cd-cap-kua°; officers in a dis- 
 trict magistrate's yaraun, under the grade of 
 second deputy. i si kien chut khu cp cd-c&p ; 
 he has purchased a position elsewhere in a 
 district yamun. 
 
 m 
 
 CO 9 To make ; to do ; to act ; to be- 
 , 1003 9 come; to effect; to be. 
 cp sa" kho ; make clothing, si tek cp kai ; it is 
 made of bamboo. ai° cp kirn a ai" cp ng^n ? 
 Do you wish it to be made of gold or of silver ? 
 hd cang siali cp ; you may make it of pewter. 
 CO hd a bue ? Is it finished yet ? bue ceng 
 
 cp ; have not yet made it. cp hd lio ; it is 
 
 completed. tiang-si ai° cp ? When are you 
 
 going to do it ? lu td cp mih su ? What are 
 
 you doing ? cp kua° co hii ; to hold office. 
 
 CO kua" mai° to pui, cp pui siu nang khui ; if 
 you are an official do not be a petty one, for if 
 you are you will be subject to everybody's 
 
 blame. cp tit ; 5i cp tit ; 6i nia cp tit ; it will 
 do. m cp tit ; it will not do. khd T cp tit ; it 
 will answer. toa m cp tit; it will not do at 
 
 all. cp tit l&i ; it can be done. cp m Ifii ; it 
 cannot be done. mla°-ke cp nang ; has the art 
 of being popular. cJe°-se° le hd cp n^ng ; cie°- 
 se" le i7i-hd cO nftng ! I won't stand such treat- 
 ment from him ! lu kfti mia° kie-cp sim 
 much ? What is your name ? cp n&ng-chOng ; 
 be obliging. lu khak-kho cp, cp kau hd-ld ; 
 you persevere in doing it, and do it very nicely. 
 c6 m uia"; unaccomplished. cp tit cia ; 
 bring to completion. cp chin-cia°; effect a 
 betrothal. c6 a bOe ? Is the betrothal accom- 
 plished ? Id ai" c6.ni cp ? What are j'ou going 
 to do about it ? i mih su boi cp ; he can 
 do nothing. nang lai cp chin hd me ? Let 
 us be relatives, shall we ? lu khut lia cp kia* 
 fo khah soi ; you are too young even to bo my 
 child, cang cfa ciia cp cu-cheh phue; take this 
 paper for the cover of the book. i cang cu- 
 cheh CO cfm-thau ; he uses a book for a pillow, 
 lu hi" cang tl cek Ie° p6 c6 sa° ? Which kind of 
 cloth will you take to make into a jacket? 
 pki i c6 sin-se"; pay respect to him as to a 
 teacher. cp cin-se' pe-bd kwn-thai i ; treat 
 them as if they were your real parents, i ham 
 lia c6 b6 kftj, ua in i c6 be : i hkm lia cp gu kai, 
 lia in i cp gu ; if he calls on me to act as horse, 
 I act as a horse to him : if he calls on mo to 
 servo as ox, I serve him as an ox. lu c6 Id 
 khu ; go you along. 
 
 /^ cb 61 Why? How? What? 
 iUi^ 948 5 si cp-ni ? What is the 
 matter ? m cai cp-ni ; do not know why. i 
 cp-ni iTi lai ? Why does he not come ? lu cp- 
 ni m kai ua ta° ? Why did you not tell me ? 
 i kai pe" si (p-ni? What are his symptoms? 
 si co-ni cia" tieh ? What should be done in the 
 case ? lu ai" cp-ni cp ? What are you going 
 to do about" it ? i Q cp-ni ta" a b5 ? Did he 
 say anything about it ? cp-ni ? Why ? ua cp 
 kd"? How dare I presume to do so ? lu cp 
 
 ka" cie"-se° ? How can you thus presume ? ^ m 
 ka° c6-ni ie°; dare not do any thing. Id co 
 
 oi ? How can you ? cp boi ? Why not ? co 
 ra ? Why should you not ? cp m khu ? Why 
 should you not go. hia cp hd ? How can 
 
 that be advisable ? 
 
 ik^ CO 75 A ti-ough ; a manger. 
 Th 95''> 11 be CO ; a horse's manger, tu 
 CO ; a pig's trough. ngio cp ; a cat's basin, 
 
 kiu CO; a dish in which a dog's food is placed, 
 koi c6 ; a dish for fowls' food. lau-bd cp ; an 
 eaves trough. 
 
DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 67 
 
 CO 137 A scow ; a flatboat. 
 955 11 tho-co ; a mud ncow. kha- 
 co ; a large flatboat. co ciali toa kha-co ; 
 
 bnilt a large scow. cf ciah kha-c6 tak jieh 
 
 coi ci"? How much is this scow worth ? 
 
 ^ilt CO 162 To make ; to build ; to 
 ^ XF*. 954 7 fabricate ; to compose, 
 sin kie CO lo ; repair bridges and make roads. 
 CO cek tio kie ; build a bridge. co cck ciu 
 
 kie; build a bridge having piers underneath. 
 ci ciah cun co jieli coi ngun ? What was the 
 cost of building this ship ? co kai thah ; 
 
 build a pagoda. co kai be-thau ; build a 
 
 pier. CO hue-cun ; build steamboats. co 
 
 bun-cu ; compose a dispatch. co sin-bun ; 
 
 edit a newspaper. cq cu ; compose books. 
 
 co pho, CO cheh ; make records or lists. co 
 
 CO cek tio kua; compose a ballad. co kua, co 
 khek ; make songs. co cp cek chut hi ; to 
 
 compose a play. co cek tio fie, co kau li ki u 
 hieh ; fabricated a complete yarn. co ngan, 
 
 CO gu ; a fabrication. 
 
 CO 122 To olfend; to give occasion 
 p 1016 8 for blame, 
 m ho tit CO nang ; do not give offense. tit cp 
 chit phi"; affronts almost everybody. 
 
 mJ^ CO 32 To sit down ; sitting. 
 "I*, 1002 4 chia" CO ; please be seated, 
 lu cp ; lu chia" cp ; do not rise ; pray keep your 
 seat. cp kii lio ; I have made a long stay. 
 
 CO ce ; do not hasten ; stay a little longei*. ta" 
 i" lai cp ; bring a chair and sit down, co kau- 
 1°; sit in a chair. co khang-chng ; sit on a 
 
 divan. cp chia ; go in a carriage. co kie ; 
 go in a sedan chair. cp cun ; go by boat, co 
 si-cia"; sit erect. bo ko hp cp ; have no place 
 to sit down, cp tang hiang sai ; sit on the east 
 facing the west, cp to tin-tang; sit in the mid- 
 dle, cp to cek poi"; sit on one side, sim-mih 
 cp hiang ? Which way does it face ? tui-min 
 cp ; sit opposite. cp cham-chuah ; sit nearly 
 
 opposite. tang cp, phueh ue ; sit chatting 
 
 together. cp loh tp-chiu p6i° u cek cang 
 
 chiu ; on the left there was a tree. cp kam ; 
 in prison. cp cue ; undergoing punishment, 
 
 hwn cp ; bring the crime on one's self, as a 
 false accuser does. lu lai cp pang lia sin-pi°; 
 come and sit beside me. phwn thiii cp ; sit 
 
 with the feet crossed, as Buddhist idols do. 
 kh£a be cp ; sit astride, cp to kha-thau-u; sits 
 on her knee. khio khi kha cp ; sit with one 
 
 foot on the other knee. lu cp-ni cp lio e-hai 
 the" pang kha-thau-u ko ? Why do you sit 
 with your knee propping your chin ? lu co lio 
 
 kha raki" chng khi l&i ; when you sit down do 
 not draw your feet up on your seat. cp k6 
 
 be ; stand as when playing leap frog. c8 kfti 
 be ; cp kui" be ; stand with the legs far apart, 
 cp siah ; sit at table. cp ciah sua" pang ; do 
 nothing but eat till the mountain has fallen, 
 cp ul ; fills a station. cp toa ui ; sit in the 
 
 chief seat. bo cp ui ; not entitled to a seat, 
 
 bo ui-chu cp ; having no .seat. cp trig ; sit ia 
 court. CO chio ; hold court. lu ai" cp pang 
 ti-kp ? Where are you going to sit ? ua lai cp 
 pang ci-kp ; I will sit here. m hp cp pang 
 
 hu-kp ; do not sit there. u. 6i" lai cp phueh ; 
 when you have leisure come and chat with me. 
 6i" tiang-si lai cp ; at leisure times come and 
 sit here. am-ce" lai cp ; secretly came for 
 
 conversation with him. M cie" kii to in pat lai 
 CO ; it is long since you have been here, bp lu 
 ]ki ci-kp cp ; will not permit you to come here 
 and sit. cp to tho-e ; sat on the ground, cp 
 cek tui cek tui ; sat in groups, cp c§k liet cek 
 liet ; sat in rows. cp cek tit cek tit ; sat in 
 
 straight lines. co kui" kha be-i" thoi" hi ; sat 
 on a high bench looking at the play. cp toi°; 
 sit on the throne. cp sien ; sit in Buddhistic 
 meditation, cp i kai Qi ; superseded him. 
 
 ^ 
 
 cp 19 To succor ; to aid ; to add 
 
 90 5 strength to. 
 pang-cp ; to aid. hu-cp; to assist. cp seng i 
 kai su ; aid in the accomplishment of his pur- 
 pose, cp lu cek pi cu lak ; lend you a helping 
 hand. toa" sin, bo nang pang-cp ; alone with 
 no one to help hira. cp i kai ta"; strengthen 
 his courage, li thang cu-cp i, keng hp ; if you 
 have the wherewitli to aid him it is well. lu 
 m hp cp-c6ng kia"-ti cie°-se°; you should not 
 thus indulge the children. 
 
 A-j-^ cp 9 A coadjutor : a vice-. 
 \UL. 1002 5 iiang-cp cu chai ; the talents 
 of prime ministers, cp-cap-kua"; officers under 
 the grade of second deputy in a district magis- 
 trates yamun. lai cp la to chiet-io; a helpmeet 
 is also of great importance. 
 
 H-j^ Co 94 cp-ng^n; the highest graduate 
 7|/V 114 4 of the National Academy, the 
 senior wrangler of the empire. 
 
 \f\h ^9 ^ -^ classifier of mountains, 
 /~H. 1003 7 cities and large buildings; a 
 seat. cek co sia°-ti ; a city. cek co thah ; a 
 pagoda. cek co chu ; a house. cek co keng- 
 bie ; a temple, cek cp sua"; a mountain, coi" 
 to, au CO ; front and rear buildings. ti-co ; a 
 throne. seng cp ; ascend the throne. 
 
68 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 coh — 
 
 A^ ^pli 9 To do ; Jictions. 
 I I* 1005 5 coll kaiig; to work. coh 
 
 chaiig; to till the soil, hia (oli c&i ; very mean 
 and stingy. hwt-cph ; to relapse. pe" hwt- 
 cpli ; the ailment has returned. 
 
 ^^ cph 118 To build dykes or intrench- 
 ^^SC 96 9 ments; to ram down the earth, 
 cph toi ; to make a dyke, cph huang-ui chie"; 
 to build a protecting wall. cph chaiig hOa"; 
 make embanktnents between fields. cph be- 
 thhn ; build a pier. 
 
 c6h 120 To cut short; to interrupt 
 1011 6 the connection ; most, 
 cph tin sA ; cut off all the heirs. khiong teng 
 cph ho ; disinherit all the descendants. h{a 
 
 kfa" si coh Ufa"; this is a disinherited son. c6h 
 lo ; sunder the connection of the road. c6h 
 
 kan ; break off the connection. c6h chii hong 
 se"; all resources seemed cut off, but a way oat 
 of the difficulty appeared. cph tui k&i Qe ; a 
 pun on words. cph ciah ; stop the rations, 
 
 ci'a hd cph tio ; it may be severed from this 
 point, ngfa c6h ; superior to all. cph c^ng ; 
 extinct, as a race or species. e6h si hd ; the 
 best the earth affords. 
 
 — cu — 
 
 cu 96 A pearl ; beads. 
 
 85 6 cek llap cu ; a pearl. cin cu ; 
 real pearls. cek pak cu ; a string of beads or 
 pearl.'*. chio cu ; a necklace worn by officials, 
 kua cek pak cu ; wore a string of beads, muk 
 cu ; the lens of the eye. ii ngan bo cu ; you 
 have eyes without lenses; you eyes are of little 
 Tise to you. hie" cu ; beads of scented wood, 
 or seeds. liu mak hun cu ; confusing fishes' 
 eyes with pearls; without discrimination, cin- 
 cu hd eng op leh ; pearls are used as medicine, 
 tang cu ; a brilliant gem. ciu-cu siia"; pearl 
 powder. 
 
 .ri^ cu 75 Red : the color of vermilion. 
 .^V 85 2 cu-cu ang; bright pink, chiii- 
 iSin-phQe cu-cu ang; her lips are bright red. 
 ciah kau kai min cu-cu ang; drank till his face 
 was much flushed. kun cu chek, kuu 
 
 b^k hek ; when a thing is almost as red as 
 vermilion it is almost as black as ink. 
 
 cu 112 Vermilion ; imperial, because 
 
 86 6 the emperor Ubes red ink for 
 his autograph. 
 
 ngun-cu ; vermilion. cu pit ; a red pencil ; 
 
 the imperial autograph, cu-sa ; cinnabar, cu 
 
 ju; an autograph order, cu hng ; the essays of 
 successful graduates, 60 called because they 
 are copied in red ink. ai" chak ngun-cu ang 
 a si chak s5i ang ? Will you have the lacquer a 
 bright light red, or a bright dark red ? ngun- 
 cu buah ; powdered vermilion. ngfin-cu tio ; 
 a cake of veimilion. ngun-cu pit ; a pen used 
 in writing with red ink. ngun-cu i"; an ink 
 stone used with red ink. cu-sa" ftng; scarlet. 
 
 cu 104 A cancer or deep seated ulcer. 
 1009 5 ira cu ; a deep seated abscess, 
 cu pi iong k^ng U-hfii ; a cancer is more malig- 
 nant than an ulcer. 
 
 cu 104 Small pox. 
 
 875 7 chut cu ; have small pox. 
 cu-khuc; small pox. cwn ui cu-khue ; makes 
 a specialty of treating small pox. 
 
 cu 149 All ; every. 
 
 86 cu su \kn Id k&i k^ ; all this 
 gives you much trouble. cu ju chu iQi ; all 
 
 are of this sort. cu-hAam to ai" mo" lu ku i ; 
 all are hoping to be instructed by you. nfn 
 
 cu Oi CO ; be seated, all of you gentlemen. 
 
 cu 149 To take advice concerning a 
 
 961 8 lucky time, 
 cu kit, heng kang ; choose a lucky time for 
 beginning the work. kun cu m6ng jit khui 
 oh ; carefully select a certain day for opening 
 the school. 
 
 4;Wjf cu 64 To pommel ; to beat with the 
 iflX 961 8 fists. 
 
 cu kau i mak lia" ceng ; bit him in the eye, 
 causing it to swell up. cu kau i cek sin o- 
 
 clie" tah-tang ; pounded him till his whole 
 body was black and blue. 
 
 " 1 ^ cu 3 Lord ; master ; owner ; chief ; 
 I ... 87 4 a ruler ; to decide; to dominate, 
 ke-cii ; the master of the house. cu-nie ; the 
 miistress of the house, cii-jin ; the host. chii 
 cii, pho cvi, hang cii, chang cii ; the owner of the 
 house, shop, warehouse, or field. cun cii ; the 
 owner of the boat, cek kok cu cii; the ruler of a 
 kingdom, kui" cii ; the head man of a district, 
 nng cu ; a female chieftain. bo nang cp cii ; 
 
 no one holds control. lia cp lu kai cii ; 1 am 
 your master, cii b<5 ; the master's wife. kun 
 cti; the Sovereign. cii kong ; cii siang ; our 
 
 Emperor. kong cii ; the Emperor's sisters or 
 daughters. ngiap cii ; his landlord, cii-i ; to 
 to choose or decide. khut lu kai lia cii-i ; 
 
 let you decide for me. m cai cp-ni cii-i ; do 
 not know what to decide upon. Id cti-i l&i 
 
DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 69 
 
 tieh ; you have decided rightly. ka-kl put 
 
 Ifiiig cii-i ; cannot herself decide. cii su ; 
 
 manages the affair ; a director in a Board, 
 sin-cii ; a deified lord. lia m ka" own cii ; I 
 
 dare not assume the direction. chai cii ; chai 
 cu lau ; tong cii ; a rich man. cii-ciang ; to 
 
 manage or oversee. i sim lS,i bo cii-ciang ; 
 
 he has no force of will. thien-cu ka ; tlie 
 
 Roman Catholic religion, cii-cai; to reign, u 
 cii-cai, bo cii-cai ; has or has not controlling 
 power. ci ie" ieh cii-ti sim-mih pe° ? What 
 
 ailment is this medicine good for ? cii-khau ; 
 literary examiners. i cu tit i ; he does as he 
 likes. 61 i t(5 cu pua"; it is he who manages 
 
 the business, hu-cu 5 the husband. kQn-cu ; 
 the sisters and daughters of princes. iu° cii ; 
 the young ruler. 
 
 cu 142 To eat as insects do ; destruc- 
 
 89 ~5 tive insects. 
 
 oil thang ; weevils, moths, grubs, bookworms, 
 and the like, khut thang cu kau khang-khak; 
 hollowed out by grubs. sim-mih thang td cu 
 cha, cu kau huaih''-huaih"-k\e ; some insect is 
 gnawing the wood, and you can hear the sound 
 of the gnawing, cu kau kai khang kai khang; 
 worm eaten. cvi-mo^-sien ; ringworm on the 
 
 Bcalp. laa-ge-cii ; yamun extortioners. choh 
 sa''-kh6 oil tio khu ; these garments are moth 
 eaten. 
 
 cu 149 To define ; to add an emend a- 
 
 90 6 tion or gloss. 
 
 cii nieng-peh ; define clearly, mih su si cu tia° 
 kai ; all is exactly defined, hue cu se", soi" cvi 
 61 ; before he tells what will happen in life, he 
 fixes the day of death, (as a fortune teller pre- 
 dicting immediate death). cu sek ; to define 
 the meaning. ci png cu-cheh u cu-koi a bo ? 
 Has this book explanatory notes ? cu kha ; 
 
 foot notes. cu so ; a full explanation, (as of 
 
 the classics). ji-cii si co-ni koi-sueh ? How is 
 this emendation to be explained ? cia cu si 
 
 ti-tiang cii kai ? By whom were the comments 
 on this book written ? 
 
 cu 167 To cast ; to fuse and run into 
 
 90 T4 moulds. 
 cu ci"; to cast copper coins. ci kai si cu kai a 
 si phah kai ? Is this cast or wrought ? cu cp 
 thih-poi''; cast it into iron plates. cu tang, cii 
 siah ; cast brass or pewter ware, in cii kai ; of 
 cast lead. 
 
 Y_tl ^^ §^ ^^ direct water in channels ; to 
 1 1^ 89 6 fix the attention upon, 
 lu kai mak cii-cii to thoi" sim-mueh? What are 
 you looking at so fixedly ? cu-sim ; attentive. 
 
 cii-sim t(5 cp 01 kia" su; doing this thing with 
 fixed attention. cd su tieh cii-sim ; you 
 
 should give your whole mind to what you are 
 doing. cu chph ciii loh ci-kp ; lead some 
 
 water in this direction. cu tek-sut; lead 
 
 water into holes to drive out the crickets, cu 
 tho-ciang-kun ; lead water in to expel the black 
 and white beetles. cu to-kau ; direct water 
 
 into the retreat of the beetles to drive them 
 out. cii i ; to fix the thoughts upon. cu cfu ; 
 turn wine into the mouth. au ta cS,i, li-kwn 
 cu t6 ; is very thirsty and keeps taking tea. 
 
 cu 86 That which guides the flame ; 
 89 5 a stick of incense, 
 sie cek cii hie"; burn a stick of incense. 
 
 A_tl ^^ ^ ^^ cease ; to halt ; to stop. 
 |JQ 89 5 me"-me" ci'-cii ci kia" su ; im- 
 mediately put a stop to this business. hiah- 
 cii ; to cease. sak-cu ; to plug up. theng-ctl 
 kha ; cease walking. siu-cii lo-khau ; guard 
 
 the passes. cu chiu ; stay your hand. jim 
 khi til cii ; I cannot help being angry. lun m 
 cu ; I can't endure it. lau i m cii ; cannot 
 
 detain him. cp-pu ku-cii ; tang cii ; living 
 
 together. hue ju phah jii tph, phah m cii ; 
 
 the more I try to put out the fire the fiercer 
 it blazes, I can't extinguish it. ak-cii ; to 
 
 repress, restrain or put a stop to. hueh lau m 
 cii ; cannot staunch the blood. 
 
 J^^ cii 128 To assemble ; to collect ; to 
 :^fC 1010 8 dwell together, 
 cii-cip ; cu-hiie ; cii-coi ; cii-bua ; to assemble, 
 cu cp cek e ; to collect in one spot, ci-kp 6i cii 
 cui ; the water collects here. cie"-s! 6i cG 
 
 chai ; is accumulating wealth lately. cii-pd 
 
 Ing ; a shrine of the god of wealth. p6 chut 
 rrj jii so cii ; what is exported is not so good as 
 what remains. cii-cip to hiie-tng ; congre- 
 
 gate at the meeting house. cek-cu k4i pe°; a 
 disea.se that has culminated. hija" n&ng cG 
 
 td hu-kp si cp-ni ? Why is it that so many 
 persons have come together there ? cu bun 
 seng lui ; if you can get a sufficiently large 
 swarm of gnats together they will make a 
 noise like thunder. 
 
 B 
 
 cii 130 Meat that has been offered in 
 1007 5 sacrifice, 
 pun cii-nek ; distribute meat that has been 
 offered to idols. 
 
 cii 187 To be stationed at. 
 >^jjjLL4 89 6 cii-cap ; encamped. cti- 
 
 hiiang ciang-kun ; the general commanding a 
 garrison, 
 
70 
 
 DICTIONARY UF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 [j^ cu 43 Then; presently; forthwith; 
 -^lyL 999 "9" thereupon ; then ; if ; as if. 
 ce ta" ou thia°; he heeds as soon as you speak, 
 lia coi" jit ta" cu bi ci ksii; this was what I spoke 
 of the other day. ci kai cu si i kai ang ; this 
 is her husband, i s(5 ta" kai lu eu tieh thia" i, 
 i sd CO kai lu cu tieh tiie i ciu°-8e° co; you raust 
 heed what lie says, and must do as he does, 
 ua ta" h(5 kai cQ si h(5, ta" i7i-hp kai cO iTi-h(5 ; 
 what I say are good, aro good, and those that 
 I say are bad, are bad. i ho-Iip nang cp-ni cQ 
 ii pe" ? How is it Ihat he who was in such 
 perfect health is sick ? i cQ cai ; he knows, 
 mfig i cQ pat ; he knows when you ask him. 
 Id la b6 16i-Kio, i cu m khciig kiu lu ta"; if 
 you are discourteous he will not tell you. 
 cie"-se" cu hd ; that is right. u Ii6 lia cu m 
 
 khu ; if it rains I shall not go. i lai lia cu iTi 
 khu ; if he comes I shall not go. i cO lu cu 
 
 mien cp ; if he does it then you need not. i 
 
 khieh lai ua cu mien khu chue ; if he brings 
 it, then I need not go and look for it. u p6" 
 cQ boi tit khu ; if one is sick one cannot go. 
 
 — cua — 
 
 cua 120 Paper. 
 
 66 4 chau cua ; coarse brown pa- 
 per, peh tek ciia ; strong white paper, made 
 from bamboo. kbng chwn ciia ; letter paper, 
 o kim ciia ; glossy black paper. aug ciia ; red 
 paper. ngo sek cua ; paper in a variety of 
 
 colors. cu ciia; writing paper. kau-liu cua ; 
 thin white paper, cheh phue ciia ; paper used 
 for the cover.s of books. cien ciia; drawing 
 
 paper. kia" pang cua ; thick white paper in 
 large sheets, hue ciia ; flowered paper. ngiin 
 cua; thick spangled paper, kim ngun cua; gilt 
 paper, or spirit money. kS,u hwu ciia ; foreign 
 paper, ciia ci", ciia ngun; paper money, burned 
 in idol worship. cua pai ; cards. phah ciia 
 pai ; to play cards. pie hue ciia ; to paper the 
 walls of rooms, pie ciia; wall paper, cangciia 
 ia.i pie; paper it. cSk tie" ciia; a sheet of paper, 
 pe" tlieng ciia; a transparency with the shadows 
 of paper puppets cast on a screen. mai" thiih 
 phua i kai pd°-theng-cua ; do not punch a hole 
 in the screen on which the shadows of his 
 puppets are thrown ; do not spoil the pleasant 
 aspect of his affaiis by revealing what is behind 
 the scenes. li ciia ; to tear up paper. . ciia 
 bue ; ciia in ; paper used as tinder, thoih ciia ; 
 loose fly leaves. tab ciia ; mend with a paper 
 patch, cek tp ciia ; a packet of paper, cek to 
 jieh coi tie" ? How many sheets are there in a 
 packet of paper ? ciia nang, ciia be, cua hoh; 
 men, horses, and storks made of paper. ko 
 
 kki ciia nftng ; make a paper giant. iu ciia ; 
 
 oiled paper. ni ciia ; dyed paper. ciia nlo"- 
 ho"; a pajwr tiger; something made to scare 
 people, khiu kue c>ia-ci°-lang ; lighter than a 
 thistle down. ciah kau kio ciia-kang hie"- 
 
 se"; has become as thin as a skeleton. sin- 
 
 bQn-ciia ; a newspaper. 
 
 ||ji|^ ciia 142 Serpents ; snakes. 
 <pH|^ 747 6 cek tlo ciia ; a snake, ptiali 
 si tio ciia ; killed a snake. tak ciia; a poison- 
 ous serpent. cua fi kfti pi tak, fi kAi b6i ; 
 some serpents are poisonous and some are not. 
 ciii cua; a water snake. kau-bd-ciia; a large 
 striped lizard. khini-ciia ; a boa-constrictor, 
 fi kiii Ie° cua kie-cp peh-am-nua, pua-ki-kah, 
 h5-siia"-pe°. che°-tek-pie, tp-ni-kun, p6h-po-cI, 
 cTig kai si tuk kai ; there are several kinds of 
 snakes, the white necked snake, the cobra, the 
 ringed snake, the black and yellow snake, the 
 small brown snake, and the viper, all of which 
 are poisonous. sang thfiu ciia ; a two headed 
 snake. khi ciia ; rare species of serpents, 
 ciia phiie ; the skin of a snake. cua sin t^og, 
 c&a c ai ; the back and the belly of a snake, 
 ciia pak khak ; the snake sheds its skin. ciia 
 thp ; the shed skin of a snake. ciia to chau 
 kp pie khu ; the snake darted off through the 
 grass. cua so cle" sua" teng ; the serpent 
 wriggled up to the top of the hill. cua si 
 chl" thio khi lai ; the snake has crawled up by 
 way of the post, tio cua phwn t6 chiu ki kp ; 
 a snake coiled around the bmnch of a tree, 
 cua, lu phah i kai tliTiu, i kai biie cu ai" kauli 
 lu kai kha ; if you strike a snake's head, his 
 tail will coil around your leg. cek llo ciia 
 khiin i"-!"; a snake coiled up in a circle. lii 
 ai" phah i, i kai cCia-thau cu teng khi lai; when 
 you are going to strike him, be darts up his 
 head. i kai ciia-cam lang a lang ; he ia 
 darting out his tongue. ciia nih i ; the 
 snake nabbed him. ci khi cua bp mih k5 
 nang; this species of snake is not apt to bite. 
 i kai ciia biie kauh to chiu ki kp, i kai thau 
 chun khu ciah cio ; he holds on to the limb 
 with his tail, and darts his head forth to catch 
 birds, pit jii leng cua ; serpentine lines made 
 with the pen ; beautiful writing. chiang 
 ciia tin ; serpentine evolutions in military 
 strategy. 
 
 *ig^ cua 149 To take an oath ; to swear ; 
 |={ 765 7 a vow or binding promise, 
 ciu-cua ; to take oath before a god. lu ka" 
 
 kang i ciu-ciia me ? Dare you call down the 
 wrath of a god upon you if he be right and 
 you wrong ? ciu-cua m cp ci kia" sii ; invoke 
 
DtCTlONARt OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 71 
 
 the anger of a god upon you, swearing that 
 you will not do this. tng tlii" ciu-cua ; tuake 
 oath under the open heavens. lia ka" kio lu 
 ciu-ci\a ; I dare make oath to it. 
 
 -*A* cua 76 A time ; a trial. 
 y\. 1034 2 i klm u kui cua ? How many 
 times did he go ? cek ciia tia"; only once. lai 
 hue sa" si cua ; came aud went three or four 
 times. co kiie ku-ii cfia ; have done it several 
 times. 
 
 — cua" — 
 
 cua" 64 To clutch ; to grasp ; to hold 
 
 3 "9^ fast. 
 
 cua'' kin i kai sim-kua°-thS,u ; held him fast, 
 clutching his chest. chi'a cua" i kai pi"; 
 
 grasped his queue. bo cua" iia; there is 
 
 nothing to hold on by. ci-ko bo cua", li chue 
 hu-ko lai cua"; if you cannot get a hold in one 
 place, seek another. cie"-se" bo cua" bo 
 
 na, kang-kho cai ; it is very hard since there is 
 nothing to get hold on. hu-ko u thang ho 
 
 cua" ciah ; a living may be gotten there. pat 
 cua" kiie in-pe me ? Has he taken over the 
 official authority yet ? cua" co cek pe ; take 
 up in one handfull. cua" chiara ; take a rod 
 
 from atnong the divining rods. cua" tieh ; 
 
 grabbed it. cua" m tieh ; could not clutch it. 
 cua" tieh cek ki ho chiara ; drew a lucky 
 number. lu cua" tieh ti-ko kai chiam ? To 
 
 what place does the lot which you drew assign 
 you ? c§k nang cua" tieh kng-tang, cek nang 
 cua" tieh hok-kien ; one drew the lot which 
 assigned him to Canton and the other the lot 
 for Foochovi'. 
 
 ciia" 108 A shallow cup. 
 12 8 teng ciia"; the oil cup of a 
 lamp. mak-ciu toa kiie siah ciia"; eyes bigger 
 than saucers. tang teng-cua", po-li ciia"; 
 
 brass or glass oil-cups. 
 
 jj^l^ cixa" 7 These ; several in a body ; a 
 
 *l 796 5 sign of the plural, 
 ci ciia" nang ; all these persons. ci ciia" kai 
 
 su si sie-kho kai su; all these are very trifling 
 affairs. ci cua" kai mueh li pun lu, hu hua" 
 kai mueh li ai" pun i ; these things aie given to 
 you and those are to be given to him. 
 
 1^ cua" 85 A fountain ; a spring. 
 ^XC 1013 T ce" cua"; a well spring, cui 
 cua"; a spring of water. ciia"-cui" ho ; spring 
 water is best. cang cui-cua" kek co hue- 
 
 bak ; make a fountain take the form of a 
 shrub. 
 
 H^( ciia" 154 Low ; base ; ignoble. 
 J^Kl 979 8 hia-ciia"; of mean birth, 
 ka-ki (U CO ctla"; debase one's self. cua''-kut- 
 thau ; a low fellow. khin-ciia"; to depreciate, 
 phin ciia"; poor and mean. 
 
 — cuah — 
 
 cuah 85 To throw water away from 
 710 12 one ; to splash, 
 i khut i cuah kau cek sin cui; he was drenched 
 by the water which she threw. ciii rap cuah 
 tieh nang ; in throwing the water, do not dash 
 it upon any one. khut i cuah tieh t§ ; was 
 
 splashed by the tea she tlirew out. 
 
 Ar> cuah 76 Deficient in ; to be short of; 
 ^V 391 wanting. 
 6i cuah a boi ? Is tliere too little ? hai" i cfiah 
 no peh ngun ; paid hira up to within two 
 hundred dollars, hwn cuah cek toa kueh; still 
 lacks considerably more than half. u nang 
 
 cuah ke, u nang cuah cie ; some lack more and 
 some less. die tieh hii toi cuah no hieh ; 
 
 found by examination that two leaves were 
 missing. teng tieh cuah sa" peh kun ; found 
 by weighing that it was three piculs short, 
 fliu cuah sa" sia"; have harvested all but about 
 three tenths of the crop. leng-iia" sng, sng 
 tieh bqi cuah ; reckoned it up again, and found 
 there was no deficiency. oi cuah, tieh" ta" ke 
 kui ta"; if it is insufficient, we must bring a 
 few loads more. 
 
 cuah 162 To yield the palm to; below 
 !25 S29 10 the mark, 
 ci kai ciiah hu kai ; this is not so perfect as 
 that. ci'a ciia cuah hi'a cua coi ; this paper is 
 not nearly so good as that. i kai a-ce se" lai 
 io cuah ; her elder sister is not so hand.some. 
 i kai a i" pi i se" lai cuah bo ua ; her aunt 
 lacks but little of being as beautiful as she. 
 lia thoi" li cuah iTi ki ; I do not think she lacks 
 much of being his equal. 
 
 ciiak 
 
 cuak 85 Muddy ; turbid ; thick. 
 83 13 sia"-im cuak ; has a hoarse 
 voice. min sek cuak, rn cheng ; his com- 
 
 plexion is not clear. ciii thoi" tieh cuak, m 
 
 cheng-khih ; the water does not appear to be 
 clean. khi-bi cuak ; a stuffy smell. khi-bl 
 long-cuak ; a heavy mixed smell. hun 
 
 cheng cuak; distinguish between the clean and 
 the dirty. 
 
72 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 8WAT0W DIALKCT. 
 
 — cuang 
 
 cuang 119 The style of dress ; the 
 113 6 toilet ; to make the toilet ; 
 to feign ; to put on airs. 
 
 cuang chai ; adorned, cuang sek ; decked out. 
 cuang khiang ; pedantic. cuang le"; affected, 
 pretentious, siu-cuang ta-paug; making one's 
 toilet, so cuang; plainly dressed, latn cuang; 
 richly dressed. ISng cuang; over dressed. 
 
 tS," cuang; well dressed. ke cuang; dressed 
 in di.sguise. nng pang \km cuang ; a woman 
 dressed in men's clothes. cuang m-h<5 c6 Ie°; 
 a style of dre.^s not to be imitated. tOa" cuang 
 pang; carelessly dressed. cuang chut lai \\6 
 thdi"; very prettily dressed. cuang le" cuang 
 Bie°; to affect a style. 
 
 jjj Ll cuang 145 Travelling equipage; to 
 ■^^ 113 7 pack up ; to send on. 
 kla"-cuang ; luggage. siu-sip kia"-cuang ; get 
 the baggage ready. cuang sok khi Ifti h<5 
 
 thoi"; bind up the travelling equipments nicely, 
 eng cun cuang-cai ; forward them by boat, 
 cuang xh tit ; cannot pack them all in. cuang 
 c6k sie" c^k sie°; pack them box by box, 
 
 cuang 75 A classifier of affairs, of 
 113 11 goods, and of logs, 
 cck cuang su; an affair. cek toa cuang hue- 
 mueli ; a large assortment of goods. ci cuang 
 6U thoh lu klm co ; entrust the doing of this 
 business to you. bp pS,t cuang; no other 
 
 sort. toa° ci cuang tia°; this variety alone, 
 
 teng cuang; to drive piles. cuang thau ; the 
 head of affaii's. 
 
 cuang 64 To bump ; to strike 
 114 12 against; to collide, 
 sie cuang ; to collide. cuang thau cuang 
 
 hiah ; bumped their heads together. cflang 
 
 puah loh khu ; tumbled down through being 
 hit. no ciah cun sie cuang ; the two boats 
 
 came in collision. cuang pliua ; collided and 
 broke. ciiang-cih ; bump against and smash, 
 cuang to ; knock against and upset. cuang 
 
 hueh lau ; thumped so as to draw blood. peh 
 ciiang; to intrude. khut lia cuang ki°; was 
 
 accidentally seen by me. cio-io cuang phien ; 
 to swindle. 
 
 m 
 
 cuang 60 Secondary in rank. 
 
 1024 8 cuang hia°-ti ; male second- 
 cousins, chin, thang, cuang, peh kiii cap nang; 
 taking brothers, cousins, and second-cousins, 
 there are over a hundred of them altogether. 
 cia° it pin, cuang sa" pin ; the first of the first 
 grade and the second of the third grade. 
 
 Jftr cQang 94 Appearance; form ; style. 
 /|/V 114 4 hSng-cuang; the general 
 appearance, thdi" i kai ihfing-cQang ; see liow 
 he appears, cuang-mau" hui sie"; has a distin- 
 guislied appearance, cuang ju hQ-jiu nng-cu ; 
 appears like a woman. 
 
 — cue — 
 
 cue 73 Exceedingly; extremely; the 
 1017 8 superlative degree, 
 cue hd ; extremely good. ciie llang-slen ; 
 
 wholly righteous, cue kang-ak ; very wicked, 
 cue ngfa; exceedingly beautiful, ciie kha ; very 
 quick-witted, cue ll-hfti; exceedingly harmful, 
 ciie lo-ki'n ktii ; the most important one. ciie 
 bd teng-eng ktii ; the most useless of all. ciio 
 Boi" lai ; the very first to come. ci kla" su ciie 
 kang-klio; this is extremely difficult, ciie lin- 
 tkng; the safest, lia thoi" cp ciie oh; I consider 
 it the most difficult of all. is nang th6i" cp ciie 
 koi ; sotne people consider it the easiest. of 
 k&i nftng cue ui-hd; this man is the worst of all. 
 
 cue 164 To reiterate. 
 
 101 11 mai" ta" khah cue; do not 
 repeat it too many times, ta" khah cie, nftng 
 ihia" tSeh cQ iam ; if you repeat it too often 
 people will be sick of hearing it. 
 
 cQe 122 Sin ; crime ; guilt ; to offend. 
 
 1016 8 hfiam cue ; to violate the law. 
 mng ciie ; examine a criminal. tia" cue ; to 
 
 condemn, siu cQe ; get his demerits, si ciie ; 
 a capital crime. ii ciie ; guilty. bo cue ; in- 
 nocent, ciie jin ; a criminal. ciie-kiie ; tres- 
 passes, ctie-ak ; wickedness. cai cue ; con- 
 scious of his fault. sia ciie ; pardon a fault, 
 sia-mien i kai ciie ; forgive his offense. kia 
 ciie; a repeated offense, tit ciie tieh lu ; I have 
 wronged you. cfle-ak kwn-iong ; the measure 
 of his iniquity is full. ciie f=p eng tit ; a well 
 deserved fate. su ciie ; I beg your pardon, 
 jin cue ; confess the fault. l&ng ciie ; equally 
 guilty, ciie soi ; it is a venial offense. In k&i 
 ciie si tJlng ; your crime i.s great, ciie toa ; the 
 offense is heinous, ciie khin ; a slight offense. 
 ngi ciie ; to judge an offense. kie ra§ng 
 sim-mih ciie ; declare what crime it is. phoi" 
 ciie ; to sentence for crime. ta°-tng i kai ciie ; 
 bear the conseqences of another's crime. kia" 
 thoi a pe siu-cue ; a son receiving punishment 
 in his father's stead. khiu thoi ang siu ciie ; 
 seek to be punished in a husband's stead, 
 chut jip nang kai ciie ; participate in another's 
 guilt, chut thut tio i kai ciie ; permit him to 
 escape due punishment. sia-mien i kai ciie- 
 ak kiie-sit ; overlook his sins and errors. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 73 
 
 yt—^ cue 144 A column ; a line ; a row. 
 
 I J 207 cek jit tliak kiii cue (U; read 
 several columns of letters in a day. cek bieh 
 CO poih cue; make eight toluiuns to the leaf, 
 cek ctie sia sa"-cap kai ji ; write thirty letters 
 to the column. 
 
 — cub — 
 
 ^xMt ^"^^ 11^ cm-cull ; a dimple. i ce 
 iVtJ 1056 9 chie kih-kau no kai ci'u- 
 cuh ; when she laughs there are two dimples in 
 her cheeks, n^ng ta" u ciu-cuh kai cu oi ciah 
 ciu, ku-chu kie-cp ci'u-cuh ; people say that 
 those who have dimples are apt to be wine-bib- 
 bers, therefore dimples are called wine grots. 
 
 1^ c^^ 1^ Full; enough; no deficiency ; 
 ^Aj^r 1014 nothing wanting, 
 ne cuh-cuh, kdi ci° bo kiam ; fully sufficient, 
 not lacking a cash. cek ui ne cuh-cuh ; fully 
 a year. 
 
 Bt 
 
 cull 
 1012 
 
 to suck dry. 
 
 at the breast. 
 
 suck blood. 
 
 30 To sip, to suck. 
 4 cuh te ; sips tea. culi ta ; 
 a-no" cuh ni ; the infant sucks 
 mang cuh hueh ; mosquitoes 
 cuh c&p ; suck the juice. cuh 
 cheng-khih khu ; suck it all out clean. cuh 
 
 kaa pa-pa; sucked his fill. 
 
 cui 167 A point ; an apex; a sharp 
 ^PC 100 8 pointed tool, 
 bo lip cui cu tl ; not even a spot where you 
 could put down the point of a pin. in cui 
 
 chng ko ; pierced his thigh with the point. 
 
 |41-| cui 17 To jut out ; projecting. 
 I— I 892 4 phi" cui-cui, muk tho-tho; 
 his nose is large, and his eyes protuberant, 
 hu-ko io cui, hu-ko I'o thap; there it juts out 
 and there it juts in. phi" cui li p6 mak thap; 
 the projection of the nose makes up for the 
 holJowness of the eyes ; the beauty of one part 
 compensates for the ugliness of another. tin- 
 tang cui klii lai ; the center juts out. 
 
 cui 187 A black horse. 
 
 100 8 o-cui be ; a coal black steed. 
 
 ^|L» ciii 85 Water, the first of the five 
 ^V 781 elements ; liquid, 
 ka thiig-cui ciah ; stir up some sweetened water 
 to drink, khieh chph thng khu thau liang cui 
 ciah ; put some sugar into cold water and drink 
 it. cia° cui ; fresh water. kiam ciii ; salt 
 
 water. ce" cui ; well water. khoi cui ; river 
 water. khe° cui ; water from a pool, ho ciii ; 
 
 rain water, hai ciii ; sea water. ho-sua" ciii ; 
 water running from an umbrella. lira-ci° ciii ; 
 water from the eaves. tie ciii ; tidal waters, 
 
 lau ciii ; the tides. lau-ciii kh(5 a tl"; is the 
 
 tide falling or rising ? 13,u-cui ta ; the tide is 
 at its lowest ebb. ciii-sfu ; a waterman. cui- 
 kieh ; passage money. cui ]:p-hun ; ripples, 
 
 ciii toa ; the water is rising, cui-chia ; a water 
 wheel. sang ciii-ldi ; send a present of eata- 
 bles, chph cui pun ua ciah ; give me a drink 
 of water. siin cui ; go with the current, 
 
 ngek cui ; go against the current. ta" ciii ; 
 
 carry water. cek tih ciii ; a drop of water, 
 
 cek ti'am ciii ; a very little water, ciii-hue-po ; 
 a man of all work. sit cui ; lost at sea. t^u 
 
 ciii ; thio ciii ; to jump overboard. puah 16h 
 
 ciii ; fell into the water. 6i khut ciii kek sf a 
 boi ? Was he drowned ? ni h^li ciii tho ; the 
 climate is unsuitcd to him. cap jit ciii lo ; ten 
 days journey by water. lei>g nang loh ciii ; 
 
 pushed some one into the water. mang i loh 
 ciii ; pulled him into the water. kiin cui ; 
 
 boiling water. chin cui ; liang ciii ; cold 
 
 water. sie cui ; hot water. ciii hiie bp 
 
 cheng ; fire and water show each other no 
 favor. ie° hue, cui se°; specious and unstable, 
 thau cui ; the best brand. ji ciii ; inferior 
 
 sorts. ciii che"; the planet Mercury. ciii 
 ngun ; quicksilver. ngun ciii ; an allowance 
 
 for surplus weight in silver coins. cui c6k 
 
 kai mueh ; aquatic tribes. ciii loh cieh chut; 
 when the water falls the stones appear; murder 
 will out. phiin cek sin ciii; spattered all over 
 with water. i oi siu ciii ; he can swim. bi 
 ctii ; dive into the water. phu to cui min ; 
 
 floats on the surface of the water. tim loh 
 
 cui toi ; sinks to the bottom of the water, ciii 
 lo khui-thong ; the passage is clear, phi" ciii ; 
 mucous from the nose. niia" ciii ; saliva, 
 
 lang ciii ; pus. hueh ciii ; the serum of the 
 
 blood. lo cui ; dew. mak ieh cui ; eye- water, 
 ieh cui ; liquid medicines. cui-ciii ; watery, 
 
 keng ciii ; thien kiii ciii ; the menstrual flow, 
 fc^ien cxii khui ; incontinence of urine. ciii 
 
 chim a chien ? Is the water deep or shallow ? 
 tui cheng a 16 ? Is the water clear or turbid ? 
 cf-kp ii jieh coi siam ciii ? How many fathoms 
 of water here ? cui sek ngi'a c5i ; the complex- 
 ion derived from drinking the water of the 
 place, is very fine. sek cui ngi'a ; the color is 
 beautiful. i ciah m tieh cui tho ; the climate 
 of the place does not agree with him. cui- 
 
 kng ; a water jar. cui-kong ; a long handled 
 dipper, ciii-thang ; water buckets, eng cui ; 
 sprinkle it with water. ak cui ; pour water 
 
 on it. ho-cui ak kau t&m-tam ; wet by rain, 
 cui-eng ; waves, thdi" huang-cdi ; to consider 
 
74, 
 
 DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 the geomantic influence. cui RU-ia"; the coast 
 ofiicers. ai" kia° lek lo a kia" cui lo ? Are you 
 going by land or by water ? la-lun-sie cui ; 
 
 tepid water. cui-Iau ; a filter. 
 
 j!jjt cui 118 Of an evil spirit. 
 I?X> ^28 5 kui-cui ; cross, perverse, 
 kiii-kui ciii-ciii ; demented. i kai co t>u kiii- 
 cvii cfli ; he acts very wildly. Kim-mueh id 
 
 cak cui ? What has set him to acting as if he 
 were possessed ? 
 
 cui 80 To talk much. !a-ciii; glib- 
 lOlO 12 tongued ; specious ; insinuat- 
 ing and deceptive speech. i td tu-ciii kai ; he 
 is wheedling hira. i kui ta''-uo lu-iu cui-ciii, 
 botieh-sit; his talk is all palaver, with no 
 honest purpose in it. 
 
 ciii 164 Drunk ; fuddled ; stupefied. 
 1016 8 ciah ciu cui ; become in- 
 toxicated, ciah kau tna-ma-cui ; drink till 
 maudlin drunk. iTj-hd ciah kuu ciii ; do not 
 drink to excess. jii ciii jvi chi ; the more 
 tipsy the more stupid, m cai cui ; not affected 
 by liquor. ciu m cui nang, n&ng < Q cui ; 
 when not made a fool of by liquor, he is a fool 
 of himself. b6 cfu, sa" hun cui ; without 
 having drunken he is half drunk ; without 
 being tipsy he acts like a simpleton. te" cui ; 
 feigns drunkenness, sui ciii sni tia°; although 
 drunk he knows what he is about. ciii-ngjin 
 raong-long ; dazed as if by liquor. ciii-ong ; 
 boozy. ut kau ciii-cui ; sleep very soundly, 
 i to ciii ci'u ; he is drinking to intoxication, 
 sa" tng cui ciu; drinks to intoxication every 
 meal. lii mai" ciii ; don't be silly. ciii kau 
 lok-lok ; as drunk as possible. ciii kau mi"- 
 mi"; dead drunk. 
 
 cie ciii ; go to 
 a father-in-law. 
 
 live with 
 
 XyCC ^*ii ? A substitute ; a vice ; an aid ; 
 11 * 1017 8 secondary; supplementary, 
 hu-cui ; a deputy sub-prefect. i td co hii-cui ; 
 he is acting as deputy sub- prefect. hii-cui 
 
 ki" hu-cja°-tng eng kia" sim-mih loi ? What 
 are the formalities to be observed by the deputy 
 sub-prefect when visiting the prefect ? 
 
 ciii 94 A dog rushing from a cover ; 
 
 1015 8 abrupt ; precipitate, 
 cui-jien cu ngo tieh ; came upon him very pre- 
 cipitately, chang-cui cu kang, pien m meng- 
 peh ; in the hurry and flurry of the moment 
 did not discriminate clearly. 
 
 — cun — 
 
 enn 121 A bottle or flask. 
 
 1019 12 hui cun, po-li cun ; earthen 
 or gla.s8 bottles. c6k kai cun ; a bottle. ciii 
 cun ; a water bottle, iu cun ; an oil can. kiii 
 ki via cun ; several wine bottles. cun-thak ; 
 the stopper of a bottle. cun-thak p6ih chut 
 lai ; take out the stopper. cun sak mi''-mi"; 
 
 cork the bottle tightly. cun chui khieh cua 
 sak mi"; take some paper and stop the mouth 
 of the bottle tightly, cun kiia ; the cover of a 
 flask. c5k cun cfu ; a bottle of liquor. cun 
 hi"; the handle of a flask. ii h\ng-l(5 tuo 
 
 t5 cun t6i ; there is a little adhering to the 
 bottom of the bottle. (ng Urn cun ; a long 
 
 necked flask. cun tng cheng-khih ; rinse the 
 bottle clean. khui cun ; open a bottle. cho 
 to jip cun t<Si ; pour the vinegar into the bottle. 
 
 cun 41 To venerate. 
 
 1019 9 cun-keng; show respect to- 
 ward. cun-tOng i ; evince esteem for. cun- 
 kiii kfti n&ng ; an honored personage. bo cun 
 i CO toa ; does not pay respect to hira as to a 
 superior. cuu-hok ; be subservient through 
 
 esteem. cia si cun-cheng i kai Qe ; this lan- 
 guage is used in expressing reverence for hira. 
 Q cun pui toa soi ksii loi-sio ; there are certain 
 forms of etiquette appropriate between the 
 high and the low, the old and the young, 
 i lii cun i ; he does not pay respect to him. 
 leng cun ; your father. cun ke ; respected sir. 
 cek cun hut ; a Buddhist idol. i keng \&i sai 
 ii kui cun l^u-ia; in their teraple they have 
 several gods. c)-cun ; the Emperor. cun 
 cfang ; elderly honored persons. cun i cp 
 
 toa; treat him as your elder. hti-cun ; the 
 
 prefect. 
 
 cun 162 To conform to ; to follow 
 
 1019 12 orders, 
 cun huap-lut; obey the laws, cun meng; obey 
 oi'ders. cun kia"; carry out the instructions, 
 lim cun ; lim-h'm cun ; conform exactly. cun- 
 chong i kai ue ; carried out his directions, i m 
 cun ; he does not comply. cp mih su to si cun 
 loi-huap ; in whatever he does he acts in con- 
 formity with the regulations. cek p6i° cun 
 t\Vn, cek poi" m cun t\Vn ; partly followed the 
 instructions and pai-tly disobeyed them. ku 
 cun ; carry out all orders. 
 
 m 
 
 Clin 15 To grant, permit, or allow. 
 
 * Pi 103 ^ Clin a m ciin ? Did he grant 
 
 your request or not ? ciin Id khiu ; grant your 
 
 petition, ciin i cie°-se° kia"; permit him to do 
 
 thus. lia Q-soi° ciin-pi ho lio ; I am already 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 75 
 
 prepared to grant it. cku ciin ; the memorial 
 is granted. pin ciin kue kai ; a petition that 
 was granted. 
 
 ^^^^ Clin 85 A gauge; to adjust; exact; 
 Hh* 104 10 true. 
 
 fi Clin u s£n tta°-tia" tieli-tleh ; made exact with 
 water level and plumb line. co mill su u ciin- 
 sin ; there are right methods for doing ev^ery- 
 thing, ua ci kai si-ceng siang ciin ; this clock 
 of mine is very accurate. ci kai si-pie ciin a 
 ill Clin ? Does this watch keep correct time ? 
 lia ci kai si-pie jii keng ciin ; my watch is more 
 nearly correct. ciin-cxin hd; exactly adjusted. 
 CO su u tia" Clin ; do things by exact measure- 
 ments. cie"-se° ciin tieh ; that is exactly right, 
 liah kau ciin-clin ; hold it true. ci" sia khu u 
 Clin ; the arrow was shot in a right line, i kai 
 ciin-thau ho cai ; its gauge is very perfect, 
 cuii hin-khek si eng cO ti-chin ; now-a-days a 
 plumb line is used instead of a water-level. 
 
 cim 9 One of a thousand ; remark 
 1020 7 able, ciin-siu ; one of superior 
 natural abilities ; one preeminent among the 
 many. i si iu ciin-siu kien kai a si u tf- 
 
 cu kai ? Was he appointed to office on account 
 of his superior talents, or on account of his 
 having taken a degree ? 
 
 Steep ; lofty. 
 
 kau sua" cun nia ; precipitous 
 
 cun 46 
 
 813 T 
 mountain passes 
 
 yjfD ciin 85 
 t:5C 813 7 
 
 An abyss, 
 cun ho ; to 
 
 a river. 
 
 _ deepen 
 
 ciin hq kek ; a deep bend in a stream. 
 
 cun 117 To stop from work, having 
 _ _ 1001 T' finished the task, 
 tiang-si cun kang ? When will the work be 
 finished ? ciiu kang S,u cu chia" sai-pe ; after 
 the work is finished, the master woikmen will 
 be invited to a supper. hwn-lio bOe cun 
 
 kang ; have not yet finished the work. kang- 
 thia" toa cai, cq ku-a ni cia° cun kang ; it is a 
 big job that it will take several years to finish. 
 
 ciin 187 A stately, well shaped horse. 
 ^^ ^ 1019 7 cvin-be ; noble steeds, of 
 -wlTicli Mah-wang of Cheu had eight. i kai 
 si° kut kuah co poih ctin-be ; the ribs of his 
 fan had the eight steeds carved thereon. 
 
 J^/V cun 137 A boat or ship. 
 /gpl 120 ~5 cek ciah cun ; a boat. cun 
 ciah ; vessels. toa ciah cun ; large boats, 
 
 cun kia°; small boats. ang thau cun ; junks, 
 pgk pang cun ; a fleet. to cun ; a ferry boat. 
 
 hiie-ciin; huo-lun-cAn; steamboats. cien ciin; 
 a man-of-war. pia° c&n ; a gunboat. pqh 
 cai cun ; a huckster's boat. kua" ciin; a man- 
 darin's boat. sun hq ciin ; a boat which pat- 
 rols the river. ah cun; guard boats. poih 
 cie° cun ; eiglit oared boats. sam pang ciin ; 
 small row boats. plia hu ciin ; a tisliing boat, 
 ngo to Clin ; a (;argo boat. kap-pang ciin ; a 
 
 sailing ship. lak plifing cxiii ; a full rigged 
 
 ship. ciin cvi ; the owner of tlie vessel, or its 
 captain. ciin teng kai hiie-tie"; the chief 
 
 officer of a vessel, ciin teng kai tSi-kong ; the 
 steersman. ciin-thau-k^n ; harbourmaster. 
 
 Iqh ciin ; to embark. cie" ciin ; to disembark, 
 sai cun ; to sail a boat. kia" ciin ; run a boat, 
 or be a sailor, the" ciin, kq cun ; to pole or to 
 row a boat. 16 ciin ; to scull a boat, liah ciin 
 biie ; to steer, toa ciin ; to tow a boat. thoi" 
 huang sai ciin]; to run a sail boat, khui ciin ; 
 start the boat, pak ciin; tie up a boat. cim 
 phang, ciin toa, ciin iii ; the sail, rudder and 
 masts of a boat. cun than, cun biie, cun toi, 
 ciin pq-ki", ciin pq-min ; the bow, the stern, 
 the hull, the bulwarks, and the deck of a boat, 
 ciin cling; the hatclies. ciin cie"; an oar. 
 
 cun ai" kq cie" a ai" sai ph^ng ? Do you wish 
 to row or to sail? kia"-cun caa-be sa° hun 
 mia"; sailors and couriers do not live out half 
 their days. kia°-cdn, khia-pho put li pua° p6; 
 sailors and shopkeepers cannot leave their 
 work by so much as half a step. cwn ko ciah 
 cun ; chartered a boat. lai tali ciin ; came on 
 board. tah m tieh ciin ; missed the boat, 
 
 chak cun ; a pirate vessel. liah cun ; seize a 
 boat, huang ciin ; impress a boat. cie" nang 
 cun ai° nang ciin cau ; wish a speedy trip to 
 the boat that carries you. to ciin tah nang 
 
 kue khoi ; only a bearer of other people's mes- 
 sages, kia" cun bq thai pe ; no waiting even 
 for a father, ciin to thio; the boat is pitching. 
 
 ^^> cun 120 To wring; to wrench by 
 ^V 369 '6~ twisting, 
 lia cun m tfig, lu lai cun ; I cannot wrench it 
 off, you come and try. cia sqh au lio, ce cun 
 cu tug; this rope is rotten, and if you give it 
 a twist it will break. sa" soi lio, ciin ta-ta ; 
 
 wash the jacket, then wring it dry. p6 ciin m 
 ta, chit lio cu lok-lok ; if you do not wring the 
 cloth dry, the thing will still be dripping 
 with water after you have wiped it. cun i 
 
 kai am ; wring its neck. cun si ; to strangle 
 by wrenching the neck. 
 
 cun 170 A gust, blast, burst, or time; 
 19 7 a shower ; a short space ; 
 transitory ; a little while. 
 
76 
 
 DiCTIONAEY OF THL SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 cgk cun hnang, cSk cun ho ; a gnst of wind, 
 and a shower of rain. cSk cun kng, c6k cun 
 am ; light and darkness allernating at short 
 intervals, cek ciin khui, cek cun bua; recedes 
 and approaches alternately. hfa in cek cun 
 
 c6k cun li'-li phu khi lai ; the smoke keeps 
 rising puff after puff, cek cun thia° c6k cun ; 
 the pain comes on in spasms of increasing 
 violence. cun sie, cun chin ; first hot and 
 
 then cold. ciin kua", ciin juah ; chills and 
 
 fever rapidly alternating. ni-ciin ; the time 
 when milk is secreted in the breast. i ci-hue 
 ni-cun lai, me°-me° php a-n6° khu cSah ni ; the j 
 milk is now come in her breast, carry the baby i 
 quickly and let it nurse. c6k cun jlo kue lai, 
 cek cun jlo kiie khu ; they drove each to and 
 fro, as the fortunes of war shitted. 
 
 — cut — 
 
 cut 96 To cause to follow; for the 
 
 786 6 most part, 
 cut-cin ; accurately. i co su cnt-cin ; he does 
 things accurately. si i cut c6ng nftng Ifti 
 
 h&ng ; he is the one who brought the rest to 
 take possession. c6-su mai° chau cut; in doing 
 things do not be inexact, lia th6i° tieh i i6-m 
 nS chdu-chau cut-cut ; I see that he does things 
 very inexactly. 
 
 y^ cut 24 Those who execute a chiefs 
 ^l" 2013 'Q orders ; underlings. 
 pia°-cut ; soldiers. s-Q cut ; officers and men. 
 bo mia" sio cut; an unknown private soldier, 
 k&i cut kia°; a fellow of no account. sin soi" 
 BU cut; press forward beyond all others in battle. 
 
 \J$jU cut 85 Smooth. 
 
 I P3 650 10 cut-cut-kng ; glossy ; glairy ; 
 of glassy smoothness, khut i ciah kau cut-cut- 
 kng ; has all been eaten up clean by him. i kai 
 thS,u-khak cut-cut-kng; his pate is bald and 
 shiny. bua kau cut-cut-kng; polish it till it 
 shines. hue-tia° sau kau cut-cut-kng; sweep 
 the chunam floor so clean that it shines. 
 
 cut 115 Glutinous rice. 
 
 779 5 cutbi; glutinous rice, bun 
 cut-bi piig ; cook glutinous rice for food, ceng 
 cut-bi choi ; make glutinous rice flour. pu 
 
 cut-bi mue°; make congee of glutinous rice. 
 
 — cu — 
 cu 140 Now ; here ; still. 
 kiA 1029 6 cu ci'a ; the following, this 
 time, a phrase used at the beginning of a 
 notice. hin-cu-c5i ; just at present. hin-cu- 
 cS.i ci le" mueh tt jieh kui ? How dear is this 
 article just now ? cu, i° cang hue boi wn ; have 
 now sold off all the goods. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Unwearied; incessant effort; 
 self denying attachment to and 
 
 m 
 
 (U 39 
 1029 4 
 sacrifice for. 
 
 i ciu-jit cu-ou to si \i thiing ci" (Ia°-tla°; he do» 
 votes himself all day long exclusively to money- 
 making, kun-cu k&i nang ciu-jit cu-cu to si 
 ui sien, sio-jiii kai nang ciu-jit cu-cu to si vii li ; 
 the cultured strive toilsomely all day after 
 goodness, the uncultured strive toilsomely all 
 day for gain. 
 
 ;^((< cu 120 Black ; very black. 
 'I^PI lOiJO 8 i kai sek o-cu o-cu ne ; its 
 color is jet black. tieh swn lo p6h kai, raai" 
 toa o-cu k&i ; you must select a pure white one, 
 not one that is defaced with black spots, eng 
 kii cQ o-cu o-cu; by long use it will become 
 very black. 
 
 cu 154 Riches ; monej. 
 1027 ~6~ ke-cu ; patrimony. ke-ou 
 
 phua clii ; spent all his patrimony. cu png ; 
 
 capital ill trade, ciu cu ; drink fee. kang cu- 
 ci"; a fee for service rendered. 
 
 cu 78 A book or volume ; documents ; 
 
 774 6 writings ; characters, 
 th&k cu; reads aloud, thoi" cu ; reads silently, 
 sneh cu ; to expound a book. khau cu ; ques- 
 tion pupils. Ham cu; repeat passages from 
 memory. cu-cheh ; books. cek png cu ; a 
 book. cu-ce ; a school. cu-p&ng ; a library, 
 cu kim ; money for buying school books. cu- 
 kwn ; an office. cu-hng; a bookstore. cu 
 seng ; a .scholar. cu-sin ; a letter. bun-cu ; 
 dispatches. cu hiang ke ; a literary family, 
 cu-thong; a boy who dusts a library. kia°-cu ; 
 the classics. gua cu ; books other than the 
 classics. khai cu; plain text. cap cu ; all 
 sorts of books. 
 
 9- ^ cu 4 When placed between two 
 /^^ 53 8 nouns it is a sign of the 
 genitive ; which, what, that. 
 81 lia sim cu so sie"; it is what I thought. u 
 tek cu nang ; a man of virtue. si lu cu hd 
 
 chii ; it is what is best for you. u cu ; what 
 
 we have. ci kai tu ii cu ; this business which 
 we have on hand. 
 
 jp» cu 140 A certain plant, regarded as 
 /2^ 53 ~4~ felicitous from its durability, 
 cu-mua"; the sesamun. cu-mua" iu ; sesamuu 
 oil. cu-lang ; a plant often drawn in the 
 
 mouths of deers, and represented' in gilded 
 models in temples, cu-lang hue ; a flower like 
 an orchid. 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 17 
 
 cu 80 To state in writing. 
 
 1028 ^ cu-bun ; dispatches. cu- 
 hue; to inform by writing. cu-eheng u sim- 
 mih su; he reported what business tliere was. 
 i 1(5 li cai-pin ; he is arranging the dispatches. 
 cu khi su-ia ; the secretary who takes care of 
 the dispatches. 
 
 cu 38 Natural gifts. 
 .^ ^ 1028 6 thien-cu \\6 cSi ; cu-cieh h(5 
 cai ; fine natural gifts. cu-sek ; beauty, thoi" 
 tieh i u kui hun cu-sek ; consider him rather 
 fine looking. cu-nie ; a lady. cu-nie km"; 
 
 a young lady. si ta-po a si cu-nSe ? Is it a 
 
 boy or a girl ? 
 
 86 To cook; to prepare food. 
 >■»!% 00 9 cu piig; to cook rice. cA chki ; 
 cu ciah ; prepai'e a meal ; get supper. 
 
 J221 c^ 89 A child ; a son ; a worthy. 
 ^ 1030 "O^ nng-cn; a young girl, thong- 
 cu ; a youth. (^vV*^ 5 ^ ^^^- ciang-cu ; the 
 eldest son. tek cu ; a son of the chief wife. 
 
 six cu ; sons of concubines. lam-cu ; a boy. 
 
 iu° cu ; an infant son. cong cii ; the one who 
 possesses the rights of primogeniture. kong 
 cu ; the son of an official. chiah cu ; a young 
 infant. cu sun; children and grandchildren, 
 hau cu ; a filial son. pwn cu ; a son-in-law. 
 
 khong-cu ; Confucius. m^ng-cu ; Mencius. 
 
 cu c]a pell ke ; all classes of authors. 
 
 cu 85 To enrich ; to increase. 
 
 1029 10 cu-jun ; moisten. cu-p6 ; to 
 strengthen. cu-p6 kai leh ; a tonic. cu-jfo 
 tl-hng ; disturb the peace of the neighborhood, 
 cu su ; make trouble. cu Ivvn ; adds to the 
 confusion. 
 
 cu 85 To soak up, by capillary at- 
 1032 11 traction, 
 ciii khut p6 cu ta kliu; the water has all been 
 soaked up by the cloth. ciii cu kau lok- 
 
 lok ; completely saturated. cu kau thang 
 
 kue khu ; soaked quite through. khieh ko 
 
 po khu cu i ta ; take a cloth and go and soak it 
 all up clean. 
 
 cu 140 Potatoes. 
 
 776 14 ho-lang cu; Irish potatoes, 
 hwn cu ; foreign potatoes. so-bak cu ; pink 
 
 potatoes. cu hiin; potato flour. pu cu- 
 
 thng ; make some potato soup. cu i°; potato 
 balls. 
 
 1^ cO 132 One's self ; from ; com- 
 
 \r\ 1031 "0~ mencing at. 
 cti-ki ; one's self. cfi-cin ; suicide, i ka-ki cu 
 cai ; he knows it himself. cu ko ci kim ; 
 
 from olden times till now. cu-ca ; formerly, 
 cu-lai hue n ; there has never yet been any. 
 tu soi"; heretofore. cu-lU jicn-jien ; certainly ; 
 of course. cu-jien kai ; natural ones. cQ u 
 kai ; spontaneously produced. cu co cu ui ; 
 
 self made. ( u si ; self confident. ka-ki cQ 
 si ; presumptuous, and self opinionated. tO- 
 jien ju-jien ; self existent, put cu iu ; I cannot 
 do as I would. cu-chong lu lai kau ta"; from 
 the time you came until now. cu l^i cu khu ; 
 comes and goes as he pleases. cu cheng ; 
 
 gives himself titles. png tiara cu cSu ; our 
 
 own manufacture. cu cS,i ; well and comfor- 
 table, cu-cu cSi-cSi ; in excellent health. bo 
 hie" cu-cai ; not very well. cu au ; after that. 
 cu ph CO kau koi ; from difficult to easy, cu si 
 ci cong ; from commencement to termination. 
 
 cwn 9 Bent upon ; set in one's way. 
 689 9 ham i cie" i cwn ai" hie"; if 
 you tell him to do this, he is sure to want to do 
 that. i ai", ua cwn m ; he wanted me to, but 
 1 was determined that I would not. co-ni 
 
 kph-lo, i cwn-cwn m ; however much he is ex- 
 postulated with, he is determined not to do it. 
 cwn-cwn m hu i ; fully determined not to grant 
 it. cwn ai" cie"-se"; it must be so. 
 
 cwn 169 To turn over to. 
 
 117 11 cwn toi"; to transfer a mort- 
 gage, cwn tng; to pawn to a third person, 
 cwn pin ; petition by proxy, cwn chiu ; return 
 to one's hand again. cwn sie"; to think over 
 and think differently. cwn tp-tng ; to 
 revert to. 
 
 cwn 154 To earn small sums ; to sell 
 yjit^ 13 IT with difficulty, 
 chii-cwn; to earn a small amount with difficulty; 
 to gain by under-selling; to sell at a small 
 profit. ci kai po-thau io ho chii-cwn ; this 
 
 mart offers a more favorable chance for mak- 
 ing small sales, i cia si to cwn ci" kai ; this is 
 what he earns his living by, selling it at a 
 small profit. i ci cie°-si u ko cwn a bo ? Has 
 he had any way of making anything lately ? 
 cek ni to chii-cwn u kiii peh ngun ; he makes 
 several hundred dollars a year by his petty sales, 
 i cek jit put kue chii-cwn kau peh gua ci"; he 
 does not make more than a hundred cash or so 
 a day. i c6k jit chii-cwn u jieh coi ci" ? How 
 much does he manage to rake and scrape to- 
 
78 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 m 
 
 getlier in a day ? i cek jit cwn lai cwn kliA to 
 cwn Q sa" si peh ci"; by diligently hawking his 
 wares heie and there, he manages to earn three 
 or four hundred cash a day. ci ie° seng-li oh 
 chu-cwn ; it is difficult to find openings where 
 this business may be made profitable. 
 
 -tBB cwn 64 To edit; to revise and publish. 
 4^^ 118 12 ka-ki t6-cwn ; composed by 
 himself. tho to-cwn ; revised thoroughly, 
 
 sia-cwn ; to indite. 
 
 — cwt — 
 cwt 64 Stupid. 
 
 83 6 hd kai cQ r1 lia "kki iSi cwt ; 
 that is my wife. cJe°-8o" cia° hd chang-cwt ; 
 then it is best to keep mum. xia kfti se°-cieh 
 slm si ngo-cwt; I am naturally very stupid. 
 
 — cha — 
 
 To diverge ; a discrepancy ; a 
 mistake. 
 
 cha-r7i-(p ; cha-i7i-coi ; not 
 
 cha khu hil;j; ; a great 
 
 b6i cha b6i chak ; there is no 
 
 c6k-8i cha-chak ; a momentary 
 
 cha 48 
 6 Y 
 cha-chp ; to err. 
 much difference, 
 divergence, 
 mistake in it. 
 
 blunder, cham-cha; not uniform, chara-cha, 
 m coi; unassorted, cham-cham cha-cha, chwn 
 m kui-it ; very dissimilar, and not of one lot. 
 
 Xcha 29 To place with the large and 
 5 1 small ends alternating, 
 cha chin ; to fold the arms. sie cha t6 kp ; 
 
 laid together heads and points. cha m bua ; 
 cannot pack them in snugly, with heads and 
 points alternating. sie cha ciu pang tit 
 
 Iph; you can put them in, if you lay them with 
 the large and the small ends alternating. 
 
 ^M> cha 86 To roast in a pan ; to fry. 
 A^ 37 4 kang cha; to parch in a dry 
 pan. che" cha; to fry the raw material, cha 
 bi'-kam-tg ; to parch rice for making coffee, 
 cien cha ; to fry in fat. cha sek ; to fry till 
 
 done, mai" cha khah thlam ; do not fry it too 
 much. 
 
 ^f\> cha 167 A voucher; a document; a 
 jfe/ 37 4 receipt. 
 
 ci''-cha ; paper money. eng cha ; use paper 
 
 money. sai cha ; send a draft. ngun lai ua° 
 cha ; exchange the money for a draft. 
 
 jHbf cha 75 Wood; fuel; fire-wood. 
 ^yf^ 11 5 cam ch& ; to cut fire- wood, 
 cha pe' ; fire-wood in bundles. eng cha lai 
 cp mueh-hia°; use wood as fuel. nin si 
 
 bia" cha, a hia" thoa" ? Do you use wood or 
 
 coal as fuel at your house ? cha, kai ngftn 
 
 kiii ta° ? How many piculs of wood for a 
 dollar ? cha kai nguii chit-cftp pe ; seventy 
 bundles of wood for a dollar. cha-thuu ; a 
 
 knotty stick. phua cha; to split kindlings, 
 
 phua cha p6 ; a sniall axe. cha-hue eiig ke 
 
 cfti ; used a great deal of fire-wood. cha sai ; 
 lumber; wood used in carpentry. ta cha m- 
 hd kQn hue; dry wood should not be laid close 
 to a fire ; do not put yourself in the way of 
 temptation. nua° cha m hd tio ; it is not 
 
 well to lean on a rotten stick. khieh chtl ; 
 
 waifs; drift-wood. kheh-cfo ka° cha ; a 
 
 stick in the bill of a magpie. ku cha; to 
 
 saw wood. cha kho ; a wooden hoop. 6i 
 tit ch& khui, b5i tit kii ka-ld,nh ; the wedge 
 that rives, is itself nipped fast. cai cha k&i 
 
 chft cun; a boat used for carrying wood. ch& 
 6i ; wooden shoes. chft kiah ; wooden clogs, 
 chil kie ; a wooden bridge, chk pe"; a wooden 
 handle. cek ki cha ; a fagot. cha pdi"; a 
 slab. c6k kp chft; a piece of wood, cha cliui; 
 chips of wood. hie" ch&; sandal wood, b&k 
 cha ; ebony. &ng chfi; redwood. cie"ch&; 
 camphor wood. cie" cha bo mih 6i cii ; cam- 
 phor wood is not often affected by dry rot. 
 kheh k&i ch& in ; grave a wooden seal. toi' 
 
 cha; hard wood, chft khah pha"; this wood is 
 too porous. khd-noi ch& io jun ; the wood of 
 the Persian lilac is tougher. ch& th&u ; a 
 
 stump. ch& pliue thiu ; a shaving. 
 
 * 
 
 cha 75 Witless ; doltish ; stupid. 
 
 619 8~ hua°-hi i cie" toa, cha-cha ne, 
 eng kai b6 eng ; am pleased to have him so 
 well grown, but he is stupid and of no use at 
 all. i kai cha kai, tit hd ng i ; he is a dolt and 
 no dependence can be placed on him. 
 
 It 
 
 cha 75 kua"-cha ; a coffin. kua*-cb& 
 942 3 pang ; lumber for coffins. 
 
 — cha" — 
 cha" 126 To loiter ; to play ; to jest. 
 
 731 3 tIt-tIt khu, mki" cha"; go 
 straight there and do not loiter. ta" cha" 
 
 kiii°-si"; accustomed to jesting. no ciah kau 
 (d cha"; the two dogs were gamboling about, 
 cha" kau ie"; cha" kau teng ; exhausted in the 
 sport. lia in kang lu cha"; I am not jesting 
 
 •with you. 
 
 — chah — 
 
 J^^ chah 64 To insert ; to stick in ; to 
 ^p$ 9 9 set in a socket, 
 chah pie ; to stick in a label. chah chi'u ; in- 
 sert the hand, chah hue-bak ; to stick flowers 
 into a crevice by their stems. chah hie"; to 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 79 
 
 set the lower end of incense sticks into the 
 ashes of the incense pot ; to worship the gods, 
 chah chau ui pie ; to stick in a .spear of grass 
 as a label, chah ki; to set up a flag, chah hi" 
 ci"; put an arrow tlirongh the ear, as a punish- 
 ment. 6i chah jip khu, boi poih chut lai ; can 
 stick it in, but cannot pull it out. chah m 
 
 jip ; cannot insert it. chah sit pne khu ; put 
 on some wings and fly off. chah co ho ; insert 
 something as a mark. chah ki thau-chah ; 
 
 inpert an ornamental hair pin. chah ki hue ; 
 wear a spray of flowers in the hair. 
 
 t^i chah 64 To support and lead. 
 yOt 13 17 chah i khi lai ; put the hand 
 under his arm and lift him up. lu tieh chah i; 
 you must support him by the arm. chah boi 
 tit khi; cannot pull him up. chah to i koh- 
 thang-e, kia"-ui puah loh khu; upheld him by 
 putting the hand under his arm, fearing that 
 he would fall, i kai chiu mc"-me" cu lai chah; 
 his hand was quickly extended to support her. 
 
 chah 172 Confused ; mixed ; hetero- 
 /|>pc 939 10 geneous. 
 ju chah-chah ; chah-chah ju ; all in a tangle; 
 mingled with no regard to order; in the 
 utmost confusion. cek koi" ju-ju chah-chah, 
 eng kai in tit ; the whole place is turned upside 
 down, and nothing is in order there. 
 
 — chai — 
 
 X^^ chai 94 Conjecture ; doubt ; to guess- 
 Q H 942 8 chai-gi ; doubt. chai mi°; 
 to guess riddles. lu chai ce ; you guess at 
 
 it. lu chai-thoi" si sim-mueh ? What do you 
 conjecture it to be ? chai m tieh ; cannot 
 
 conjecture. chai tit tieh ; can guess it. ki" 
 chai ki" tieh ; seeing is divining. lang chai ; 
 difficult to divine. teng chai ; to apprehend. 
 
 -py; chai 64 To pluck ; to gather; to sip. 
 j^jV 994 8 chai boi ; buy the choicest, 
 chai te; to pick tea. chai te kua; ballads 
 
 chanted by the tea pickers. chai sng ; to 
 
 gather mulberry leaves. chai hue ; to gather 
 flowers, chai che"; to gather herbs, ng-phang 
 chai hue ; the wasp flits from flower to flower, 
 chai hue teng kai bit ; sip honey from the 
 flowers. chu-chai ; to gather from different 
 
 places. thi°-si loh ho bo thang ho khu chu- 
 
 chai ; when the weather is bad one cannot go 
 about to earn money. cek ni chu-chai sa° sx 
 peh ngun cu kau eng ; if one could earn three 
 or four hundred dollars a year, that would just 
 meet expenses. ci ko bo ho chii-chai li khu 
 
 pat ko chu-chai ; if this is not a place for earn- 
 ing money, go elsewhere and earn it. 
 
 /tlV chai 59 Variegated ; ornate ; lucky. 
 /XX 943 8 kuang-chai ; brilliant, bun- 
 chdi ; ornate. ngo chai ; the five colors, 
 
 blue, yellow, carnation, white, and black. h(5- 
 chai ; fortunate ; a good chance. thau-chai 
 hp ; a lucky hit. phong tieh h(5 thdu-chai ; 
 
 met with a capital chance. b6 chai c^i ; most 
 unfortunate. u chai kjii ; opportune. thoi" 
 kau toah chai; beheld it with such delight 
 that they applauded the actors, ciah kau toah 
 chai ; so pleased with the feast as to clap and 
 applaud the cook. kak chai ; an amulet, 
 
 chai bS.i ; a gay festoon, chai ki ; a variegated 
 flag. chai koi ; to adorn a street with gay 
 
 devices, chai sin clifang ; a platform prepared 
 for the gods to sit upon. chai sin pe°; an 
 
 elevated and gJiyly decked seat for the gods to 
 repose upon at a play. lu tieh khut lia cp 
 
 chai ; you must make a suitable apology to me. 
 chai kau ngi'a cai ; gayly decked out. kim 
 
 hue chai ang ; tinsel and glitter. ang chai ; 
 
 showy. cheng-chjii cSi ; very beautiful. co 
 chai ce ; make it rather gay. 
 
 chai 104 Convulsions ; fits. 
 198 1'2 tu-bp chai ; fits. tieh ie"- 
 chai ; has convulsions. 
 
 R/f^ chai 109 To notice; to pay attention 
 fl4v 944 T to. 
 
 mai" chai i ; pay no attention to him. i m 
 
 chai lia; he gave me no heed. ua toa sia" 
 
 ham, i chwn m chai ; I called loudly to him, 
 but he paid no attention to me. m ciu ra chai; 
 took no notice of it. lu cp-ni ham m chai ? 
 
 "Why do you not mind when you are told ? 
 
 D'JX chai 30 An exclamation of disgust 
 -^ 828 8 or displeasure, 
 chai ! kia" khui khu ; ugh ! get out of the way 
 with you. 
 
 " J A. chai 165 A betrothal present. 
 -'^TV 943 nap chai ; to receive be- 
 trothal gifts. 
 
 ,/^f\ chai 140 Vegetables; edible herbs; 
 ;:^fC 944 8 viands. 
 
 ke" chai ; garden vegetables. che° chai ; 
 
 greens in general. toa chai ; a large white 
 
 turnip ; the chief dishes. sie chai ; condi- 
 
 ments, relishes, the smaller side dishes. hai- 
 chai ; food obtained from the sea. hai-chai 
 
 pho ; a stall where shell fish is sold, chai pho; 
 a green-grocer's stall. phang chai; sweet 
 
 scented herbs, parsley, or sweet basil. ce 
 
 chai ; lenten herbs. ai° boi sim-mih chai 
 
 sek ? What sort of vegetable i do you wish to 
 
80 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 buy ? h6 chai ; delicacies, khu boi cbai ; go 
 itiarketing. cp chai get the meal ready, sang 
 cliai ; a present of food. inla°-ke pa-16i chki ; 
 skillful in making relishe.s, desert-s, or side 
 dishes. chai, ta" lai hue; put the viand.s on 
 to cook now. kiam chai; sour-krout; pickled 
 greens. pSb chai than, ang chki than, iig- 
 
 chai thau ; turnips, beets and carrots. khfin- 
 chai ; celery. ku-chai ; cives. khah-n^ chai ; 
 cabbnges. chai-hng ; a vegetable garden. ta° 
 cui khu eng chai ; carry water and water the 
 vegetables. kSu-hah-chai ; a coarse kind of 
 
 cabbage. 
 
 chai 145 To cot or fashion garments ; 
 
 943 6 to trim down ; to plan, 
 chai-hong; a tailor. chai kiara ce ; reduce it 
 somewhat. tSi-cong-chai ; the curator of es- 
 8ay.s at an examination. toa chS,i, soi chai ; a 
 full or a scant pattern, chai tio ; to reduce by 
 cutting off. chai cie li'o thiet tlo; to diminish 
 the size by trimming off. chai-cink ; to calca- 
 lato and plan. hd cai kio nang chai-ciak c6; 
 go over the calculations again with the per- 
 sons concerned. c6 chai-cink tia'-tioh cii kia°; 
 after making a fixed plan we will then execute 
 it. M hd cii-chai ; decide for yourself. ci 
 kia° su si tl-tiang (d cu-chai ? Who is the one 
 that is to decide in this matter ? tdng i chai- 
 ciak ho ; wait till he has come to a decision 
 about it. 
 
 Q-tI* chai 154 Wealth ; property ; profits. 
 ^'j ^^3 3 hwt chai; become I ich. tit 
 tieh chai ; obtain wealth. u chai-khi ; sub- 
 
 stantial ; portly ; an appearance of being well 
 fed and prosperous. chai-cii ; chai-cu lau ; a 
 rich man. toa chai-cn ; a very wealthy man. 
 chai-tong ; a capitalist. thien chai ; a wind- 
 
 fall, chai sin ia ; the god of wealth. phua 
 chai; to lavish wealth, cfichai; to accumulate 
 property, hwt toa chai; become very wealthy, 
 toa hwt chai ; makes money rapidly, thau-ke- 
 chai ; a thief of a cook. nang ui chai sf ; men 
 lose their lives in pursuit of wealth. chai 
 
 khd thong sfn ; money can move the gods, 
 put ngi cu chai ; unjust gains. mong chai 
 
 kix suah ; contemplate murder on account of a 
 bribe. tit chi ke chai ; get a wife and money 
 to boot. phien chai ; ill-gotten gains. cia° 
 chai; honest gains. r7i tham chai; not covetous 
 of gain. i gua kai chai ; unexpected gains, 
 
 se" chai ; make a profit, se" chai u tan ; there 
 is a correct way of becoming rich, mong chai 
 hai mia"; lose life in the pursuit of gain, tug- 
 cau ke chai; to abstract and pass over to othera 
 what belongs to the family served. 
 
   jU J * chai 76 Materials of which things 
 yj 942 8 are made; nature or qualities, 
 chai-lio ; materials, hd sin chai ; well formed ; 
 personable. in cliai ju tok ; cut the coat 
 
 according to the cloth. lu thdi" i kai chai- 
 
 cieh hd a i7i hd ? What do you think of hi.s 
 qualities ? 
 
 - J ^ chai 64 Talents; mental capacity; 
 ■^^ 942 endowments, 
 chai cu ; a nmn of parts, chai nng ; a talented 
 woman. siu-chai ; a graduate; a Bachelor 
 
 of Arts. hlen clmi ; a man of genius. cek 
 pfo nftng chai ; a fine looking man. li cbfti 
 
 kkng; possessing groat executive ability. hd 
 chai-chfing; fine tact. bfin-chai ; literary 
 
 ability. sam ch&i ; the three powers, heaven 
 earth and man, who are supposed to rule all 
 things. put chai ; incompetent. khut tieh 
 lu kai chai ; make use of your intellectual gifts 
 for ray humble purposes. bA chai bo ch6ng ; 
 incompetent. se" l&i n&ng-chai chut ceng ; 
 
 excelling others in good looks, hd nang-cbai ; 
 has a distinguished appearance. pa-hi bd 
 
 cin, siu-chai b6 ke ; tliore are no real jugglers, 
 and no fictitious graduates. tfii chut n&ng 
 
 chai kai si-hHu ; a time when genius thrives. 
 
 ch&i J20 An adverb of time; at 
 
 946 17 hand ; then, 
 lia huang-chai kku ; I have just arrived. Heh 
 cie°-se°, chai si to-li; it must be thus, and then 
 it will be in accordance with correct principles, 
 thoi" kii huang-chai m§ng-p6h ; after long con- 
 sideration you will then understand it. cie°- 
 se° chai hd ; now then, it will do. huang-chfti 
 khu lio ; has just now gone. kau mdng si 
 
 huang-chai 6i tit hd ; at that time it may be 
 about done. 
 
 chai 158 A ravenous beast. 
 11 8 chai-iang ; a wolf . hd-kd 
 kai chai-lang ho" pa coi cSi ; there are many 
 wolves, tigers and panthers there. 
 
 — chak — 
 
 chak 85 The varnish or lacquer- tree; 
 
 987 IT viscid or resinous juices 
 used in varnishing; to varnish, 
 lu si ai° iu a si ai° chak ? Will you have it 
 painted or have it varnished ? 
 
 ^»^ chak 40 To inquire into judicially; 
 ^5^ 9 11 to observe closely, 
 chak-thdi"; to scrutinize. chak twt ; to in- 
 
 quii'e into and decide a case. che-chak ; exa- 
 mine into. soi chak ; examine minutely. 
 
DICTION ABT OF THIS SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 81 
 
 khra-eliak ; to criticise. Bin-meng kam-chak ; 
 tlie gods exercise a censorship. lu tieh cliak 
 meng-peh ; you must get at the truth of the 
 matter, ang-chak-si ; a provincial judge. 
 
 ^ill chnk 167 In disorder 5 to make a 
 5^fl 1004 '8 mistake, 
 chvvii hoi cha-ohak ; there is 110 mistake in it. 
 mai" chak-cap ; do not get it confused, lu cha 
 via chak ; you are astray and so am I. 
 
 ^^^ chak 167 A chisel ; a punch ; to chisel 
 ■^a^ 1006 19 or punch out; to dig out. 
 chak-kia"; a chisel, chak kai khang ; to punch 
 out a hole. chwn-chak ; to here out. chak 
 eie-lin-thang ; to dig through to the other side, 
 khak-khak chak-chak u ceng-kd ; there is in- 
 disputable proof of it. ci kia" su sim si khak- 
 chak ; this matter is thoroughly sifted. chak 
 boi tit loh ; cannot dig into it. mai" chak 
 
 khah chim ; do not chisel it too deeply. chfi,k 
 chim ce ; chisel it deeper, chak khuah ce; dig 
 it out a little wider with the punch. cam 
 
 chak; to carve out with chisel and punch. 
 
 chak 64 To dig the nails into; to 
 
 358 8 claw. 
 1 khut i kai chiu-cng-kah chak tieh ; she was 
 clawed by his finger nails, i kai chiu-ciig-kah 
 chak kau i hueh lau ; she dug her nails into 
 him till the blood ran. 
 
 chak 154 A thief; a robber; insur- 
 957 6 gents. 
 CO chak ; to turn thief. liah chak ; to seize a 
 thief, sang chak ; to conduct a thief to court, 
 phah chak ; to punish thieves. jio chak ; to 
 
 pursue thieves. ui cluik ; surround the 
 
 thieves. hiiang chak ; bewaie of thieves, ui 
 chak ; afraid of thieves. cau chak ; encounter 
 robbers. can chak ; to escape from thieves, 
 
 ngo tieh chak ; to fall among thieves. phiia 
 
 chak ; to disperse a band of robbers. jiimg 
 
 chak; toah chak; to call out "Thief, Thief." 
 pe° chak ; to head off an escaping thief, khiin 
 ch&k ; bind a thief. chau chak ; extirpate 
 
 thieves. chak"-thau ; chak-sfu ; a rebel chief- 
 tain, chak-kia"; a rebel follower. ci° chak- 
 kia"; a young rebel, sua" chak ; banditti. hai 
 chak ; pirates, kiap chak ; freebooters, chiap 
 chak; a petty thief. hwn ch&k ; insurgents, 
 
 pwn kut chak; rebels, hiang-be chak; mount- 
 ed highwaymen. chak pia"; the lebel force, 
 chu chak ; a sly. thief. chak tun-ke; one who 
 harbors thieves. chak-tau ; a den of thieves, 
 chak se"; ungrateful. chak heng; rebellious, 
 chak mak ; a sly expression of the eyes, chak 
 
 sim-tng ; a reprobate. thong chak ; fn chak ; 
 an accomplice of thieves. pun chak thau 
 
 khu ; stolen by a thief. kai chak lai thau 
 
 i kai much, thau m kue chfu ; a thief came to 
 steal his things but did not get them. f° 
 
 chak kong chak ; take a thief to catch a thief, 
 chak cng ; booty. liah chak ciu cng; when 
 
 the robbers are caught their prey is not far off. 
 cng cin, chak bin; when the booty is dis- 
 covered the thief is found. boi tieh chak 
 cng ; buy stolen goods, go boi chak cng; buy 
 stolen goods unwittingly. toa pang kai chak 
 lien kua"-pia'' i to 111 .iii, lien kua"-hu kai 
 much i ka" kiap; a great band of robbers is 
 not afraid of the regular troops, and dare take 
 even the magistrate's goods. tl-p(5 kio sit cii 
 khu jin thoi" si chak cng a r7i si ; the person 
 held responsible for the good oider of the 
 place, took the owner of the lost articles to 
 see whether those were the stolen goods, 
 kang chak ; a harmful ruler, chak-si sue ; the 
 strength of the insurgents is broken. chak 
 cien kua"-pia" rij kue ; the rebels cannot with- 
 stand the loyal troops. chak pi"-co hd nang ; 
 a reformed thief. khut chak thau khieh ; it 
 was stolen. chak ce ; a robber's hold. chak 
 ia"; the rebel camp, au chak ; a wretch. pia° 
 kau, chak ia kau ; when the loyal meet, the 
 disloyal are among them. chak cun ; a pirate 
 ship. ci tio 16 se" chak-be ; there are high- 
 wajmen along this route. bak-chak ; the 
 scouring rush. pheng chak ; to quiet the 
 insurgents. liah tieh kai chak, khtin lio, tio 
 to chin teng; caught a thief and after binding 
 him liung him to a tree. chak-se° boi koi ; 
 the ungrateful do not repent. k6i-pi"lio b6 
 CO chak ; after refoimation he is no longer a 
 thief. chak phua ; a female thief, chak sim- 
 su ; thievish intentions. kok chak; an em- 
 bezzler of the public funds. min chak; a de- 
 fraudcr of the people. chak chau ; a retreat 
 of brigands, chak tau-seng; the rebels return 
 to allegiance, chak cie ua°; the rebels sue for 
 peace, chak kai ki-ho ; the rebel banner. lS.u 
 chak k^ cioh-me"; the old thief affects night 
 blindness. co chak boi si, toi^it seng-lf ; 
 successful rebellion is the most profitable 
 business. 
 
 Ph chak 64 To spear, to thrust, to 
 84 13 punch, 
 chak tieh chin ; ran it into my hand. chak 
 
 phiia theng ; broke the window by punching it. 
 khieh ki much to hai teng chak si chak sim- 
 mih hu ? What sort of fish are they spearing 
 there in the sea? chak plma kai khang; 
 
 punched out a hole. chak kau hueh lp,a ; 
 
82 
 
 DICTIONAIIY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 ^1] 
 
 thrust it in so that it made the blood run. 
 mki° ch^k tieh mak ; do not thrust it in your 
 eye. lu cie"-se'' tieh kua au-leng chak phua 
 kbu; if you do like that you will drive it into 
 your own throat. cang chio° cbftk i ; took a 
 spear and drove it into hirn, 
 
 ch&k 18 To braise or abrade by com- 
 9.50 10 ing in violent contact with 
 fiomething. 
 
 ang-le chak tieh ; bruised by a potsherd, min 
 khut chlu-ki chak kiiu hueh lau ; had his face 
 barked by a branch so that it bled. khut ki 
 tek-kia" chak tieh kha-liam ; barked his shin 
 on a small bamboo. hfaiu-hiam chak sie-lin- 
 thkng khu; came very near cutting it clear 
 through by running against something. 
 
 — cham — 
 
 i^© cham 64 To mix ; to mingle. 
 }^ 13 17 ^i" cham jieh coi loh khi P 
 How much do you wish to mix in with the 
 other ? m h<5 cham tieh pat miieh ; do not 
 
 put anything else in with it. n).\i" cham lai 
 
 chain khu; do not intermingle them. cham 
 ke t{am-kia° loh khu; mix in a little more of it. 
 cham cuu-cdu; mingle them thoroughly. 
 
 ^^^ cham 118 To write one's name ; to 
 ^j% 981 13 sign ; to subscribe, 
 chani-il; a circular, subscription paper or 
 round-robin. cham mia"; to subsci'ibe one's 
 name. 
 
 X^ cham 28 To join for consultation ; to 
 «^^ 946 9 be admitted to an audience; 
 confused; to report against, 
 cham-cha, m coi ; unassorted. cham-cham 
 
 cha-cha; incongruous. lu ua lai cham-sSang; 
 let us talk it over together, cham pai ; visit; a 
 superior. cham tio i kai kua°; degraded him 
 in office. cau cham ; to memorialize upon. 
 
 chara-ki°; chio-cham ; go to a levee. cham- 
 ciang ; cham-hu ; a colonel or post-captain, 
 ohia" cham ; to request dismissal from office ; 
 to resign. pang cham ; to permit a visit. 
 
 |K^^ cham 61 Distressing ; misei^able ; ex- 
 f^^ 947 11 cessive suffering, 
 chi-cham ; afflictive. cham c2,i ; very greatly 
 distressed, cham kek ; in the utmost distress, 
 sim si cham ; in extreme misery, thia" i khau 
 khu sim cham ; heard him weeping bitterly. 
 m cai cham ; unacquainted with sorrow. boi 
 cham ; not lacerated in feeling. cham cheng ; 
 inhuman. thoi" tieh cham ; considered it 
 
 distressing. khau cham ; to cry out because 
 of suffering. 
 
 ij=* cham 173 The last drops of a shower. 
 nn 545 6 chara-chiii; odds and ends ; 
 miscellaneous bits; leavings; fractions; re- 
 mainders; residue. cham-cham chiii-chui 
 kai, hd chieh-io ; what is left over is of no con- 
 sequence. 6i" tiaiig-si co cham-chiii khang> 
 khiie ; do odd jobs when you have nothing else 
 to do. chara-chiii khieh ka-nng; fractions 
 may be gatliered up into a whole. i vS cham- 
 chiii boi a bo ? Does he sell any at retail. 
 
 chkm 149 A sybiline hint; an omen. 
 948 17 chkra gu ; a prophecy, 
 hong keng pai cham ; get prayers said for a 
 long life. t6 cham ; a diagram or picture 
 
 indicating future events. 
 
 cham 61 To repent ; to regret. 
 14 17 cham-hiie; to repent. pki 
 chkm ; make offerings in token of repentance, 
 a.s do Buddhists. 
 
 ■^jg ch&m 149 Treacherous ; fawning. 
 fly^ 13 17 cliAm chin ; a disloyal no- 
 ble, cf kai nang si tong a cham ? Is this 
 person loyal or disloyal ? chain kai si mia"-ke 
 khi-ph\en, ku ka-kl, hai h<5 nang : tong kai al 
 kio i siang hwn ; the treacherous are skilled in 
 deceit, and through love of self injure the in- 
 nocent : the honest are the opposites of such, 
 kang cham ; treacherous. cham-chin kiii ; a 
 traitor. cham-chin chui ; treacherous lips, 
 cham-chin chie; treacherous smiles. 
 
 cham 61 A feeling of shame. 
 947 11 cham-khiii ; mortified, ka- 
 ki cham-khiii ; conscious of one's own defects, 
 sim lai cham-khQi ; cherishing a sense of 
 shame. ci cuang su cham-khui cSi ; am very 
 much mortified about this. boi cham-khui ; 
 
 not at all abashed. mien eng cham-khui ; 
 
 there is no occasion for your being ashamed. 
 
 lil^S* cham 46 A cliff ; a high peak. 
 jlj^igi 14 17 cham-ngam ; a cliff, cham- 
 cham ngam-ngam ; craggy, ci kai sua" cliam- 
 ngam cSi ; this mountain is very precipitous, 
 i kai min se" l5i cham-cham ngam-ngam ; his 
 features are very sharp, min cham-cham ; has 
 a rugged face. 
 
 chSm 162 To go off at the side; 
 274 5 diagonally. 
 kia° ch5m-sia io kun, li io oh kia"; to go across 
 lots is nearer, and it is also more difficult 
 walking. tiii ci-ko ch5m-sia cham-sia kue 
 
 khu ; cut across here diagonally. chSm-kah ; 
 diagonally opposite. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 83 
 
 ch5rn-clmah. Nearly but not quite 
 796 opposite. 
 
 CO chatu-chuah to ko ; sat facing but not in 
 front of him. i kai rang kio i chS,in-chuali ; 
 
 the two entrances are nearly opposite each 
 other. chara-chiiah sie hiang ; facing each 
 
 other, but not quite in line. hu tio hang kio 
 hu tio koi cliSra-clmah ; the lane and the street 
 are nearly but not quite conterminous. 
 
 jl^; cham 80 To peck, as a bird does. 
 H^[ 970 10 cham kau hueh lau ; pecked 
 him so that the blood ran. cham kau phiu 
 
 phue ; pecked off the skin. cham tieh i kai 
 
 mak ; pecked him in the eye. khut i chin- 
 
 chiim no e cm ciah khu ; it was eaten up by 
 him at two pecks. 
 
 — chang — 
 
 "^^S chang 140 Onions. 
 
 4\i£% 1024 9 chang-thau ; onions, chang 
 peh ; the bulb of an onion, chang hieh ; onion 
 tops. phang chang ; strong onions. chang 
 kun ; the rootlets of the onion, chang hieh hp 
 pun pi; an onion top makes a good flute, pak 
 chang; northei'n onions. chang-cu ; minced 
 
 onion. chang-thau peh cek hah cek hah ; 
 
 pick off the scales from an onion. 
 
 ^^^ chang 184 A meal. 
 ,@^ 946 7 cek jit sam chang ; three 
 meals a day. ™^g' chang ; supper. tai 
 
 chang ; dinner. sia" chang ; the Lord's 
 
 Supper. si ke° cS,u pfig, ngo ke° pa chang, 
 
 thi"-kng khi kia"; prepare ihe meal soon after 
 midnight, eat before dawn, and start at day- 
 light, jit bo pa chang cek tng, me" bo 
 un stii sa" ke"; not one full meal during the 
 day, nor six hours restful sleep during the 
 niorht. 
 
 chang 140 Hoary. 
 950 10 15u chang thau ; hoary 
 headed. thau-mo'' chang-peh ; hoary hair, 
 
 chiu chang-peh ; hoaiy beard. tap-sia" chang 
 thi"; thank the hoary heavens. po-tap slang 
 chang ; recompense the veterans. 
 
 ■^> chang 9 Flurried. 
 ^^ 949 8 chang-huang ; flustered, 
 chang-chang huang-huang ; in trepidation, lu 
 mai" chang-huang ; don't be in a flurry. lu 
 
 cie" chang-huang si ai" khu ti-ko ? Where are 
 you going in such hot haste ? chang chut kai 
 Bi-hau, ta° m cheng-chp ; time is too pressing 
 and so I cannot tell you the whole story. 
 
 chang 44 To moan. 
 119 9 i t(5 chang; he is moaning, 
 lia thia".ki" chang kau hai"-hai''-kie si cp-ni ? I 
 hear a pitiful moaning, what is it ? i ca me" 
 boi ut, chang cek me"; he could not sleep last 
 night, and moaned all night. 
 
 chang 85 Vast, like the sea. 
 950 10 chang hai ; the ocean. 
 
 ^gt chang 149 To speak harshly. 
 P^^ 969 10 lia lai khu chang i ; I am 
 going to speak severely to him. i si lai chang 
 ua; he came and spoke harshly to me. khut 
 tia chang kau i cng kai bp ue in ; I spoke to 
 him so sharply that he had not a word to an- 
 swer, chang kau i bp Hen cSi ; spoke to him 
 in such a way as to leave him completely 
 abashed. lu khu kau, mai° chang i khah 
 
 thiam ; when you get there, do not overbear 
 him too completely. khut lia chang no ku ; 
 
 was briefly reprimanded by me. 
 
 A spokeshave for shav- 
 ing iron ; to shave with 
 
 chang 167 
 14 11 
 
 a spokeshave. 
 ci ki tp hue ceng chang; this knife has not yet 
 been made smooth by being shaven. i (p cp 
 
 chang thi-tp kai kang-hu ; his work is that of 
 smoothing razors with a spokeshave. kng- 
 
 cui m ngS kai cu m hp cp chang ; steel that is 
 not very hard will not do for making a shave 
 to shave iron with. 
 
 M chang 18 To make ; to found ; to 
 116 10 begin. 
 chang-cSu ; to create. chang-sf ; to invent, 
 
 chang ke-ngiap; found an estate, chang lip; to 
 institute. chang c6 ; the founder of a family, 
 chang cek kp seng-li; to start a business in a 
 place. ci cek kp tl-hng, si ua khu chkng kai ; 
 it was I who first settled in this spot. chang 
 kai sia"; found a city. chang to ; to establish 
 a capital. chang tit khi; succeeded in an 
 
 attempt to establish, chang m khi ; could not 
 institute it. chang hie"; commenced a settle- 
 ment or village. khui-chang ; to begin, as a 
 settlement, chang kau ta", cia" io heng-seng ; 
 much time has elapsed since it was started and 
 now it is just beginning to flourish. 
 
 ^^S^ chang 9 Perverse ; ugly ; mulish. 
 \x^ 948 17 chang-thau ; a scamp, 
 chang-thau cai ; rascally. chang cSi ; hate- 
 
 ful, ci kai nang chang cSi ; this is an ugly 
 fellow. 
 
84 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 IXj cli&ng 102 A field ; watered ground. 
 PCJ 898^ coll clmng; till the soil, 
 cph chang-ling k§,i imng ; a farmer. nie 
 
 cli&ng; land that i.s subject to taxation. cieh 
 cbaiig; the field itself. ehang co ; the rent 
 
 of a field, ciang chftng ; to measure a field. 
 chS.ng-sua"; real estate. kong ch&iig ; fields 
 owned in coninion. cu eh&ng ; fields whoso 
 
 rent is given to descondants that take a 
 literary degree. cok bo clmtig wn jieh coi 
 
 nie ? What is the amount of the taxes on one 
 acre of rice-field ? chfi,iig ko ; agriculturalists, 
 cliang thilu, chung biie ; tlie two ends of a rice- 
 field, chfiiig kau; the ditch which drains a 
 field. chfing ciii ; the water which irrigates 
 a field. M hak jieh coi 1)6 chang ? How much 
 watered land do you own ? ch&ng cii ; the 
 owner of the field. chtliig cu-nie ; tiie woman 
 who owns the field. chang cii tia ; the old 
 
 man who owns the field. poi° ch&ng ; to 
 
 prepare a field for planting, loi ch&ng; plough 
 a field. sai chang; guide an ox in ploughing 
 afield. engch&ng; feitilizo a field. phuah 
 chAng ; pnt liquid fertilizers on a field. tiih 
 cUi kwn ch&ng ; to ii'rigate a field by treading 
 a chain pump. ci kliut ciii kiia" jieh coi bo 
 
 cliftng ? How many fields does this pit supply 
 with water? pe chang; harrow a field, 
 
 loh charg; go a-field. p6 chung ; plant 
 
 rice, chang-hng bvvn kwn; an immense estate, 
 chftng lio ; a hut in a field, slang chang, tong 
 chang, h!a chang ; the most elevated, the mid- 
 dle, and the lowest terrace. kui° ch&ng, ke 
 cL&ng; high lying and low lying fields, chang 
 kai ; the boundary of a field, chang khbi ; the 
 deed of a field, chang pi" chang, chii pi° chii ; 
 neighbors in field and in dwelling. chang 
 kill ; chang ke-hiie ; farming implements, cph 
 chang bo sai-pe, ci ai" pui-pun nge ; you need 
 not be a master workman in order to till a 
 field, you merely require diligence in putting 
 in manure. bo pui-piin ho loh chang; there 
 is no manure for the land, ci ko cliJing si loh 
 tau-kho hd a si loh tu-kut hd ? Which is the 
 best fertilizer for this field, bean-cake or 
 bone-dust ? chfing ii Sah, tieh me°-me° chi" 
 hun kut; there are grubs in the soil, and 
 tobacco stalks must be put in at once. kut 
 ch&ng-th6-phueh ; dig up a field, pua" chang; 
 carry off the sand that the tide has deposited 
 on a field. liu chang tho ; take the soil from 
 a field. sun chang ; to go and look after a 
 field. cp-pu lai khu thoi" chang ; go together 
 to look after the rice-plot. ch4ng tong; a 
 real estate agent. chang ke ; the price of a 
 field. kio nS,ug toi" kp chang ; mortgaged a 
 field to some one. tng kp chang ; give a 
 
 away ; to con- 
 
 field in pledge. chfa cliang ; sok tng chang ; 
 to redeem a field that has been mortgaged, 
 pa-ciam nang kai chung; to usurp a field. i 
 ai" a" lia k&i chang clu si; he wishes to get 
 unlawful possession of my field, that is it. kfl 
 chAngco; made away with the share of pro- 
 duce due for the use of the field. ch&ng 
 chek, ciah png kai nang; a city man who owns 
 a farm. chuiig-kia"; chfing-tfii'; tenants on 
 land. ngi chang ; fields whose rent is used 
 for benevolent objects. cph ch&ng-hn>r Ime 
 pki ngo-kak-cii ; farmers worship the god of 
 grain. chang-hai pi"-cp sng-ch&ng ; tlie sea 
 transformed into land. t5i' nftog kfii chdng 
 Ifti cph ; take a field to work on shares. tla 
 kai chung ai" cie t6i° nfa ke°; I wish to let out 
 my fields to be worked on shares. chtlng 
 kham ; terraced fields. chftng kS'; the edge of 
 a field. 
 
 chftng 140 To hide 
 950 14 ceal. 
 lin-chang ; to conceal. chftng t6 tl-k6, mfi ? 
 
 Where is he concealed ? khut i chang-nfik 
 
 khu ; it was hidden away by him. ch&ng 
 
 kang cak tdi ; harbours evil thoughts. cf k&i 
 tS-ll chim-chftng cSi ; this doctrine is verj 
 abstruse. pau-chftng cSi-coi i-su t6 Igi ; there 
 is deep meaning in it. pau-chang to t<S Ifti, 
 
 b6 ta" chut Ifti ; ponders it in his niind, and 
 says nothing about it. ke chang k&i mfieh- 
 
 kia"; family treasures ; heirlooms laid up. la 
 long hue im, bwn chang hue tSu ; beauty awa- 
 kens lust, and careless usage of valuables 
 tempts thieves. t6 ISi chang tp chSng kiam ; 
 treacherous. chSng kau mi°-mi", chue in tieh; 
 clo.sely concealed so that it could not be found, 
 chfing to hu tdi; hidden away inside. p-chAng 
 i7i-h(5 rtkng ; harbours evil doers. u nang kd 
 p-chang i kai, kio i tfmg cfle ; those who har- 
 hour him, are equally guilty with him. ci kfti 
 nang thau-khieh Ho, md°-me" chang-pung hu 
 kai nang kai sin teng ; this one steals it and 
 immediately conceals it on the person of the 
 other. 
 
 Jf^ chSng 78 To injure ; to mangle ; to 
 7^ 947 8 spoil. 
 
 chang-h.ai liang-min ; injure the innocent, 
 chang- jim ; cruel. chang-chak ; to oppress. 
 
 mai° khu chang-chak i; do not go and wrong 
 him. sin kai chang pia°; the remnant of the 
 slain troops, chi'u cok siang chang ; fraternal 
 strifes, i cfl siang chang tah ; they themselves 
 destroy each other by trampling each other 
 down. hue chang lio ; the flower has faded, 
 
 pit eng khu chang lio ; the pen is worn out. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 86 
 
 I^Ws* cIiS,ng 62 To do violence ; to assault; 
 7|/^ 969 4 to kill as when a soldier 
 kills an officer, or a fojeign foe kills the ruler ; 
 to maltreat; to raisuse. 
 
 chriiig kua"; murder a magistrate. ui i khu 
 
 poi" cha,ng kua" kTvi ua"; depute him to go 
 and give judgment in a case of assault on a 
 magisti-ate. clulng-pau ; ruthless. kua" cie"- 
 se" SI chung-hrii tieh peh-se"; in so doing the 
 officials maltreat the people. i ka-ki hia" ti 
 siang chang; the brothers themselves maltreat 
 each other. 
 
 — chap — 
 
 -f^£j chap 64 To interrupt ; confusion. 
 4^vi 13 17 chap clmi chap cih ; to put 
 in one's gab. chap-cap; in confusion, tl-hng 
 chap-cap ; the place is in great disorder, raai" 
 khu chap- cap tieh i ; do not go and disarrange 
 it, chap hai ci" ; bad cash. chap-chap cap- 
 cap, cng kai m sun ; all in disorder, with 
 nothing properly ananged. chap-hun ; to 
 
 interrupt. lu mai" chap-hun khu ; do not go 
 and disturb it. ci'-ko bo nang chap-hun; there 
 is no one to interrupt us here. 
 
 — chau — 
 
 HfciJ> chau 64 To transcribe ; to write out. 
 g ^ 36 4 chau-sia; to copy out. chau 
 peh ; make a fair copy. chau ua"-kwn ; to 
 
 write the records of a case. chau phoi-gu ; 
 
 copy an official decision. chau chut l&i lia 
 
 thoi"; copy it for me to see. ci'a ji si chi'u chau 
 kai, a si "in kai? Is this written or printed ? 
 oh bie, oh sek li'o, cia" oh chau ; when you 
 have learned to trace the letters well through 
 thin paper, you may then learn to write from 
 a copy. loll hie" chau hue ; go to the hamlets 
 begging, as a mendicant priest does, chau ke; 
 search and seal up a house, as when it is confis- 
 cated. kia''-chau; the Peking Grazette. chau- 
 16k CO cek png ; transcribe into one volume. 
 
 ^- chau 64 To drill ; to take in hand. 
 955 13 chau lien ; chau in ; to di-ill 
 troops. toa chau ; a grand review of troops, 
 thdi" chau ; to review the troops. tio chau ; 
 summon to a review, cong-tok chut sun-th6i° 
 chau ; the governor reviewed the army, chau 
 sim cai ; careworn. m ka" chau lu kai huai ; 
 dare not put you to so much trouble. mai" 
 
 khu chau-ji'o i ; do not trouble him about it. 
 
 t~f chau 140 Grass ; herbs ; weeds. 
 " I 956 6 chau-bak ; vegetable pro- 
 
 ductions, chau hue ; flowering plants, chau- 
 mo"; ferns, chau-po ; a meadow. bue-chau } 
 
 herbs. che''-chau ; herbage, kuah sua" chau; 
 cut wild grass, ta° be chau ; carry fodder for 
 horses. ciah chau ; feeds on giass. tiu-kd- 
 
 chau ; rice straw. beh-kd-chau ; wheat straw, 
 pho-kha se" chau ; the grass grows on his shop 
 steps, chau-ptiueh; turf, sin hue-chau; fresh 
 vegetation. chau sek ; grass green. lu mki" 
 thoi" i chau-chau; do not consider his being in 
 dishabille. boi chau-chai ; sells greens, pun 
 huang a-phah tieh, boi se" chau ; it is so ex- 
 posed to the wind that the gra.ss will not grow 
 there. chau-thau lio co kai niak ji : ci kS,i 
 
 ji si to chau po, a si to mak po ? This charac- 
 ter has the one for grass above and the one 
 for eye below: which of the two is its radical ? 
 se" clifiu ; grassy. ciii-chau ; rushes. kiam 
 chau ; salt marsh grass. i kai chau-thau ciu 
 hp, i kai ji-nang m-lio; his chief wife is an 
 amiable person, but his inferior wife is not. 
 chau-chieh ; straw matting. mia°-ke ue chau- 
 thaug ; is skillful in the delineation of insects, 
 chan-me"; a grasshopper. chau chii ; a 
 
 thatched house. chau lio ; a straw wigwam, 
 chau khun ; a clump of grasses. chau-thau 
 
 kit-hvvt; the chief wife, gu to hwn chau; 
 
 the tattle are chewing the cud. pak kai chau 
 nang ; make a scarecrow. 
 
 >B* 
 
 lill 
 
 chau-kau An insect, the com- 
 504 raon mantis, 
 
 chau-kau phi"; the point carved in the shape 
 of a mantis. 
 
 chau 140 Aquatic grasses; elegant, 
 953 16 graceful, polished ; fine 
 composition, 
 hai chau ; sea-weed, ciii chau ; aquatic weeds, 
 such as duck-weed, pond-weed, and their like, 
 i kai su-chau iam-li ; his expressions are apt 
 and elegant. 
 
 chau 132 A bad odor; stench ; stink- 
 52 4 ing. chau c5i ; very ill 
 smelling. chui chau ; a foul breath. chau 
 niia"; disreputable. m cai phang chau ; does 
 not know the difference between a sweet and 
 an offensive odor, i ka-ki i7i cai gua-khau k4i 
 mia"-sek chau ; he is not aware how bad a 
 reputation he has abroad. chau mueh-k!a"; 
 
 ill smelling stuff. chau kue sf-n4ng; stinks 
 worse than a dead carcase. chau koh-thang-S 
 hien ; an offensive odor from the armpits, 
 phi" tieh kai chau bl ; smelled a bad smell, 
 chau-che"; noisome. chau-khi; fumes, chau 
 kau ; a worthless dog. chau tong-si ; a scamp, 
 chun c6k choh au-ku chau-chau kai mueh ; had 
 some rotten ones left. chau k^u ue koi"; 
 
66 
 
 DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECI. 
 
 imells so as to scent the whole 
 chi° boi kaa ien, tang ien boi 
 it from the time it is prime 
 tainted and from the time it 
 till it is rotten. raai° thia" i 
 not listen to his obscene talk, 
 chau 6U; there is always some 
 hand. boi phang boi chau 
 
 hd un ce hie"-cha lai phek tlo 
 some incense to drive away the 
 
 1=1 
 
 place. tftng 
 
 kau chau ; sells 
 
 till it becomes 
 
 becomes tainted 
 
 kai chau ue ; do 
 
 to u cek choh 
 
 nasty affair on 
 
 ; it has no odor. 
 
 chau-khi ; burn 
 
 unpleasant odor. 
 
 chau 64 Principles; rules of conduct. 
 
 955 13 cak-chau ; fixed rules of con- 
 duct, seng-peh kai cak-chau; }\s firm as a pine 
 tree. pia -sng kai cak-chau ; chaste as ice. 
 
 ^ chkvL 86 Dry, parched. 
 
 727 13 kang-chau ; dried up. chui 
 kang-chau; the mouth parched, au-leng kang- 
 chau; the throat dry and husky, chui ko-cliau; 
 the mouth dry. chau-jiet kAi much m-li(5 ciah; 
 do not eat things which make the mouth dry. 
 chui-lim-phue cio-chau ; parched lips. 
 
 ^ chau 157 Hasty; harsh. 
 
 954 13 kip-chau ; testy. ch^u- 
 
 pjlu ; prone to auger. cliau-chau pJiu-pSu. 
 
 hot tempered. phu-chau ; hasty ; touchy, 
 
 phu-cheng chku-klu ; irrasible. c6k-ku c6k- 
 tSng phu-phu chiiu-chau, chwii m thim-cu"; at 
 the least thing he flies into a rage and there is 
 no pacifying him. sim lai cio-chau; in a rage, 
 ku-chku ; quick-tempered ; out of temper. 
 
 chau 60 To shift ; to move things. 
 
 789 "8" m cia", tieh chau i cia"; it is 
 not set squarely, and must be moved about till 
 it is. leng-ua° chau-pang hu khau ; shift it 
 
 back and set it outside the door again. f° 
 
 chau khu ce ; move the chair a little farther 
 off. chng chS,u-bua ; move the table nearer. 
 
 ch^u 85 A canal ; a channel. 
 
 955 11 chau uu; a thoroughfare for 
 boats. chau ho ; the Grand Canal. chau 
 cun ; a transport boat. chau-un cong-tok 
 
 si cong kwn chau-ho tang ksii chau-ciin un-cai 
 nie-bi kAi su, ia siet u chau-t2,u hun If; the 
 Imperial Commissioner of grain controls the 
 transport of grain through the Grand Canal, 
 and appoints deputies who assist him in his 
 office. 
 
 chau 72 A revisory judge, or judge 
 _ 955 7 of appeals. 
 
 cla si thi'en-chAu u meng kai ; this is what the 
 gods have commanded. 
 
 ch&u 47 A haunt ; a resort ; a reh'eat. 
 37 8 cf kai si i kai chau-hwt ; this 
 is his lurking place, chau-iiwt kien-ku cai; his 
 den was very secure. chak-chau ; a robber's 
 resort. slang-ko ch&u-ku ; an ancient haunt. 
 
 ||/K chau 30 A hubbub. 
 "x ^7 4 chau-iiau ; clamor. chaa- 
 jiang; altercation. tai chau-nau c6k tie"; a 
 
 great uproar. i ke lai i7i hiia, e-e chaa-chau 
 nau-nau; they are not a harmonious family, 
 they have a row every now and then. kfo- 
 
 tha kau i chau-chau nau-nau ; incited them on 
 till they came to have a regular brawl, i hia"- 
 tl-kia" thia" naiig ka-so, clu chau-chau nau- 
 nau ; the brothers listened to iho.se who would 
 set them at variance, and so hatl a row. cie"- 
 se" ciu ti-kau chau-nau, m hiah; thus it was 
 that tliero was a continual rumpus, khn'^-koi 
 i mai" chau-nftu ; advised him to make no 
 disturbance. 
 
 — che — 
 
 /^ che 29 A fork ; to fork up. 
 ^^^ 6 1 khla che; to hold a fork, 
 ngun che ; a silver fork, thih che ; iron forks. 
 sa ge che ; a three tined fork. no ge che ; a 
 
 two pronged fork. c5k ki che ; a fork. c6k 
 hu to che ; a set of knives and forks. nia°-h6 
 che ; a pitch fork. ho" m cie" che bo ta i ua ; 
 if the tiger does not roar at the pitch-fork, 
 nothing can be done with him. cham che l6 
 than ; cross roads. me" che ; mischievous 
 
 sprites which roam at night. pue che ; the 
 
 play of throwing up tridents and catching them, 
 che khi lai ; take up with a fork. che m khi ; 
 could not take it up with the fork. che tSa 
 
 kp ce ; fork up a bigger piece. che tieh se"- 
 
 kut ; stuck the prong into a bone. 
 
 che 48 To send as an envoy; an 
 6 7 envoy, 
 che-hiah; an official underling, tng che; to act 
 as an envoy. che su; the business on which 
 one is sent, koi-che; a policeman, ngwn che; 
 the first constable sent. phau kia" che ; a 
 
 commission to the capital. che seng ; official 
 messengers. khim-che ; an ambassador, 
 
 khim-che tai chic ; a legate. pang toa khim- 
 che ; to send an envoy. cwn che i khu ; send 
 him especially for this. pi che ; a messenger 
 under discipline. 
 
 che 64 To haul. 
 
 40 4 che lai che khu ; haul to and 
 fro. la-la che'-che ; pull and haul. mua°-t4- 
 ko theng la-che ; rake and scrape everywhere, 
 la-che m lai ; could not rake and scrape enough 
 
 ill: 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 87 
 
 together to answer the purpose. ti-ko fp la- 
 che tit Q ? Where can enough be raked and 
 scraped together for it ? che chiii ; haul so as 
 to break in pieces. che iIi kliui ; cannot haul 
 it ofif. che cu ; haul fast, thoa-thoa che-che ; 
 drag along. 
 
 che 27 A privy. 
 
 1035 9 cie° che; to go to stool, che- 
 ti ; clie-kng; a well for holding nightsoil. 
 
 •\/^ che 64 To take up between two 
 ^/V 5 '6 chop-sticks, 
 che cek toa tu ; took up a big lump. bo no e 
 che ciu wn khu ; it was all gone before we had 
 taken two mouthfuls. ciah mueh tieh u kui- 
 ku, mai" che khah toa cliiii ; in eating, one 
 must behave properly and not take too big 
 mouthfuls. m-h(5 li-li che ; do not eat too 
 
 fast. chS cek pfig-ua"-thau ; take up a tid-bit 
 for the top of the bowl. 
 
 ^f^ che 75 To examine ; to scrutinize. 
 
 i^, 6 5 ch§ sio ; to audit accounts, 
 che siu ; examined and found it had been 
 received. che-me"-kua°; night guards. che 
 koi ; patrol the streets. ch6 ho ; patrol the 
 
 river. ch§-chak ; to scrutinize. sun che ; to 
 inquire into, lu ho khu che ; you go and look 
 it over carefully. lu cai khu che tia" ce ; 
 
 you go again and look it over with a view to 
 making it more correct. lia che kue Ho ; I 
 
 have already looked it over carefully. ch§ m 
 chut; cannot discover it. che tieh, io si cie"- 
 se"; have looked it over, and it remains the 
 same. che tieh iTi tui ; looked it over and 
 
 came to a different result. che ke kah ; take 
 a census. oi ke-mng-ho khu che ; take the 
 
 domiciles in order, and inquire at each. che 
 to bo ; examined and found none. ch6 liah 
 
 kang-soi ; search for spies. 
 
 -jBrt che 64 To press down as in throttl- 
 4/U 629 4 ing. 
 
 cang chia che i kai am ; throttled him. i k§,i 
 lak toa cai : ciah ho" kbut i kai chi'u che to 
 tho-e ; his strength is enormous: the tiger was 
 pinned down to the ground by his thumb and 
 fore-finger. i kai nang hiam-hiam khut i 
 
 kai cliiu che si khu; he was very near being 
 throttled and killed by him. 
 
 — che" — 
 /rf che" 100 Raw ; unripe ; crude ; un- 
 - I * 742 polished ; unaccustomed, 
 che^-kuai"; fresh fruits. che" nek ; raw meat, 
 che" hu ; uncooked fish. che" min ; the plain 
 surface. nang-min che°-sp ; an unfamiliar 
 
 face. pua" che" s§k ; half cooked ; half ripe. 
 tang che" ciah kau sek ; eat from it all the time 
 while it is being cooked. che" ieh ; drugs not 
 yet prepared for use. i I'o che" chia ; lie is a 
 raw hand at it. ci ie" su i io che"; he is not 
 
 very familiar with this business. khi-thau-e 
 lai, che" ia"-ia"; has just come, and everytliing 
 is new and strange to him. che" ciah ; eats it 
 raw. che" mak, thdi"-m-chut ; the eyes being 
 unaccustomed to it, do not discern it. i me"- 
 kua niua"-ti-kp kliu chai che"; he goes about 
 everywhere in the night picking fresh vegeta- 
 bles and fruits. ke ki cho"-lak kun 16h khji 
 cQ cien ia"; if a fresh body of troops join them 
 they will conquer in the fight. che"-hun ; 
 
 bashful. che"-ehe" hun-hiin ; very diffident, 
 khu kau che" than m pat min ; did not know 
 each other when they met. 
 
 che"-rae" Blind. 
 
 185 che"-me" kia"; a blind 
 fellow. cek ciah mak che"-me"; blind in one 
 eye. i kai mak che"-rae" khu ; she has become 
 blind. che"-me" lai-ciang; blind, with no 
 
 appearance of disease in the eye. kie che°- 
 
 me" sin-se" lai pliok klme ; call a blind for- 
 tune-teller to cast a horoscope. khang che°- 
 me"; lead a blind man. cek kai tok ciah mak 
 kai khang cek khun che"-me" kai; a one-eyed 
 one, leading a flock of blind ones. che"-rne" 
 koi tph tieh si nio-chu ; a blind fowl pecked 
 into a dead rat; he got it by good luck, not 
 by ability. 
 
 Mchc" 72 A star. 
 808 6 cek liap che"; a star. ngo 
 che"; the five planets. kim che"; Venus, hue 
 che"; Mars. ciii che"; Mercury. bak che"; 
 Jupiter. tho che"; Saturn. che" hi-hi ; the 
 stars are far apart thi" teng kai che"; the 
 
 stars of heaven. thien-bun-seng raiii-me" 
 
 lun-ltu thoi" che"; tho royal astronomers take 
 turns in watching the stars every night, cau- 
 hue u kiu die"; there was timely deliverance, 
 ho-khoi toi kai che" ia hph c5i ; there are also 
 many stars in the milky way. che°-siu ; the 
 starry hosts. ci liap che" ciu ni to ko, 
 
 bo kia"; this star stays all the year round 
 and does not move. che" u khi kia" me", u 
 
 khi kia" mang ; some of the stars move faster 
 than others. che"-to ; an astronomical atlas. 
 che"-sin kue to ; a star moving from its place, 
 jit gueh che" kie-cp sa" sin, ia kie-co sara 
 kuang ; the sun moon and stars are called the 
 heavenly bodies and are also called the three 
 great lights. che" tixi loh lai ; a star fell, 
 
 clio" me" khu pp; went by starlight to inform 
 
88 
 
 DICTIONAKT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 him. cham siang no che"; two stars in oppo.si- 
 tion. che" cu-hue ; stars iti conjunction. b6 
 hie" am, u che", khd-i" h<5 ki.i" 16; it is not 
 very dark, the stars are out, and we can go by 
 tlieir light. che" kun ; the star that rules the 
 year. khue-che"-iriii ; an observatory, sau- 
 soi-che"; a comet with a flaring train, chiang- 
 che"; a comet with a long st might tail. loh 
 
 ngo che"; consult the stars. ciie" iap-iap-sih ; 
 stais twinkle, che" toa liap soi Hap ; stars are 
 of different magnitudes. ti-liang s)o tit thi° 
 cle" kai che"? Who can count the number of 
 the stars? 
 
 '■^4^ che" 174 The color of the earth sea 
 j-*J 995 ^ and sky ; the dark greeu of 
 plants ; wan ; pule. 
 
 ngwii che"; deep green. koi-nii^ die"; very 
 
 pale green. che" phue ah-iifi;^ ; gi-een slielled 
 duck's eggs. hoi che"; bright green. che" 
 nek o-lau; black beans witli gl-een conties. 
 che"-chuu sio ni ; in one's teens. t&h che"; 
 
 juvenile. thien che" sek ; azure. sam kaiig 
 che"; bottle green. min-sek cho"-n^ ; sallow 
 
 visnged. so" lui k&i min che"-peh che"-p6li ; 
 lie is natumlly of a sallow complexion. mlu 
 teng kai che"-kuu liln-hiu ; the veins in his 
 face are very plainly seen. cii:ing kau o-che"; 
 bumped it so that it is black and blue. t&ng- 
 che"; verdigris. che"-kim-cieh ; lapis-lazuli. 
 timg che" sa"; a dark green tunic. clio"-hwn ; 
 copperas. che"-min lio-ge; deinonlike ugliness. 
 che"-kuai ; green fruits, hieli che"; the foliage 
 is verdant, che" rain ; easily offended. lu 
 
 k9,i clie" niin cJli ; you are very easily offended, 
 ta" kau rain che" min lek ; kept on talking till 
 he was green with wrath, che" thi" peh jit; in 
 broad daylight. sie che"; pek che"; to bronze 
 the surface of metals by heat. 
 
 che" 130 Frouzv ; rank. 
 809 '9" che" bi ; f rouzy. phi" lieh 
 cliiui-che" cSi ; it smelled very rancid. 
 
 che" 94 Wildy ; madl}* ; frantically ; 
 
 ,_ 479 4 enthusiastically. 
 
 i co-ni che" jiang ? Why is he screaraing so 
 wildly ? hua"-hi kau che" thio, che" raong ; so 
 delighted that he danced madly about. che" 
 kje, che" soi ; shouted wildly and rushed for- 
 ward pell-mell. che" ba ; galloped madly on. 
 
 che" 164 To awake, to arouse. 
 
 809 9 che" kill lai ; to wake up. 
 raai" kia" che" i; do not waken him by startling 
 him. raai" long i che"; do not waken him by 
 giving him a jog. ho kie i che" khi lai ; tell 
 him to wake up. jwu khai-tSu, i kai sim m 
 
 ch6"; whatever reasons you bring before him, 
 he is not aroused by them. (it kau cui, ham 
 thiing kiia" i hwn-lio boi che"; he is souud 
 asleep, and though you call for half a day he 
 will not wake up. ra^ng kau hu-kp, ciu kia" 
 che" khi lili ; having drearued thus far, I woke 
 up in affright. kau keh jit kai ciii cia" che"; 
 after sleeping off his intoxication he will 
 awaken, cfa si che" s'l k^i ue ; this is startling 
 langnage. wi hu hue hvvn-lio che" t6 ko ; I 
 
 was then still awake. fit m k^u, kau ua°-ua* 
 cia" che"; I did not sleep enough, and woke 
 up very late. thia" lia cJtf"-so" ta° i kai situ 
 
 cia" ce -ng6; when he heard me say this be 
 became aroused. ut hue che"; has not yot 
 
 wakened. i che" a bQe ? Is he awake yet ? 
 
 ham i i7i hku" che"; he will not wake up when 
 he is called. oak che" i; woke him up by 
 
 making a noise. i 16ng cfti, ti-ko nioh-c6- 
 
 sih, khin-khin, i cIu che"; he is a very light 
 sleeper, and the least little movement wakens 
 him. leng i che"; waken him by shaking him. 
 tia" tieh cIu die"; if you touch him he wakes, 
 ut kkti i7i cai che"; overslept. i meng-mfing 
 
 che" li>), te" co fit ; he is wide awake and is 
 pretending to be asleep. thi" bQe kng elu 
 
 che; woke before daylight. ca c6 fit, ci:i° cai 
 che"; go to bed early then you will wake early, 
 
 ^^ che" 167 A timbrel. 
 
 jl^Ci 6L6 12 phah che"; to sound a 
 
 timbrel, che°-che"-kie ; the clang of a timbrel. 
 
 — cheli — 
 
 M 
 
 cheh 118 A scheme ; a plan. 
 960 6 cheh mng; subject of in- 
 quiry, koi-cheh ; an expedient, lu u slra- 
 mih liang clieh ? What plan do you propose ? 
 fi kai uang lai hien cheh ; some one unfolded a 
 plan. b6 cheh ; without plan. sok chiu 
 
 bo cheh ; folded his hands and did nothing, 
 siet koi-cheh ; start a scheme. 
 
 M 
 
 cheh 13 Books; a schedule; a reg- 
 42 T ister, a list, an inventory; 
 to appoint ; a patent or commission, 
 cu-cheh ; books, cek png cheh ; a book. cSu 
 ciieh; make a list, thoi" cheh; to read silently, 
 nang teng cheh ; a list of persons. in cheh ; 
 print books, kd cheh ; ancient registers, kua 
 cheh ; book of ballads. khek cheh ; a song 
 
 book, ieh cheh; medical books, kap cu-cheh; 
 to bind books. cheh phue ; the cover of a 
 
 book. cheh hieh ; the leaves of a book, 
 
 cu-cheh pho ; a book-store. sia cheh kha ; 
 
 vrrite on the ends of the leaves of a closed 
 book. cheh- hong co uang ; appointed to a 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 kingship. ho-khau clieli ; a list of the popu- 
 lation, thion cheh; enrol on the li.sts. kin-ni 
 huang-ti cheh-lip huang-ho ; this year the 
 emperor has made an empress by patent. 
 
 — chek — 
 
 chek 119 Paddy; rice in the husk. 
 823 6 chek-chng; a granary, 
 chug chek ; to garner rice. cek liap chek ; a 
 grain of unhusked rice. phak chek ; spread 
 rice in the sun to dry. chek-tia"; an area 
 
 made for drying rice, chek-pe ; a paddy scoop, 
 chek-thau ; paddy. ehek-tiam ; a paddy 
 
 basket, pha" chek ; blasted rice, chek-sni ; a 
 head of paddy. chek-sui hoih ; the heads of 
 paddy are blighted. chek, no tang si cek 
 
 seng, cap seng kie-co cek tan, cap tau kie- 
 
 00 cek cieh ; two pints of paddy are a quart, 
 ten quarts are a peck, and ten pecks make a 
 chaldron. cek cieh ciu si cek ta", cek ta° boi 
 kai giia ngun; a chaldron is a picul, and a picul 
 sells for over a dollar. kue lai kai chek ke 
 khiong-ui kui ; late in the season the price of 
 paddy may be still higher. cek ta" chek oi u 
 jieh coi bi ? How much hulled rice have you 
 got from the picul of paddy ? cek seng bi cu 
 jteh coi piig ? How much boiled rice will a quart 
 of uncooked rice make ? chang chek ciah pflg; 
 eat of the product of one's own 6elds. chek- 
 sni pa, siu u sia"; the ears of paddy are full and 
 •we shall harvest many fold. put chek lai cim 
 ceng ; put some paddy asoak to use as seed, 
 lu cek ni siu ii jieh coi chek ? How much paddy 
 do you harvest in a year? loh hie" lai siu co 
 chek ; gone to the country to get his share of 
 the product of the rice fields. ci lua chek oi 
 u jieh coi cho-khng chut lai ? How much 
 paddy husk came from this basket of unhusk- 
 ed rice ? lia tun tt kiii choi" ta" chek to ko; 
 
 1 have several thousand piculs of paddy on 
 hand. thie kiii ia" chek lai boi miieh ; barter 
 oi¥ paddy for other goods. tiali chek ; buys 
 paddy. loh ho chek boi ta, tieh klii hiie lai 
 pue ; it rains so the paddy cannot dry, and a 
 fire must be built for drying it. chang teng 
 kai chek cim kau chut ge ; the paddy in the 
 fields has sprouted. ci chph chek kai chek- 
 khak poh, oi lo ii bi; the husk of this paddy is 
 thin, and there will be the more of the rice 
 after hulling. 
 
 chek 85 To estimate ; to fathom. 
 960 9 lang chek-tak ; difiicult to 
 estimate. pien-hue lang chek ; it is difficult 
 
 to calculate the amount of the change. chek 
 m pat to khu; do not know how to make an 
 estimate of it. m-hd chek-tak ; inestimable. 
 
 ngo tieh put chek k&i su cQ hd eng ; when 
 something unexpected occurs, it may be used, 
 chek ji sin-se°; one who tells fortunes from 
 letters. chim kau rn-hd chek ; unfathomable, 
 chui-chek to-lf ; inscrutable doctrines, chek- 
 thdi" ii jieh coi ; make a calculation of the 
 amount. chek tit chut ; calculable. chek m 
 chut ; incalculable. chek-thdi" ciii jieh chim ; 
 calculate the depth of the water. ki° to put 
 chek pho ; among things inscrutable. 
 
 116 Insufficient. 
 5 kin-chek ; oih-chek ; cramp- 
 
 $fe chek 
 '^ 959 
 
 ed, straitened, contracted. kin-chek kfn- 
 
 chek ne; barely enough. bo sim-mih khuah, 
 oih-chek oih-chek ; there is not much space, it 
 is very cramped. 
 
 tt^ chek 130 The knees. 
 fl^ 804 11 khut chek ; bend the knee, 
 chek e; those under one's authority. kha 
 
 chiu chek e; children and dependents, phang- 
 ie hph-chek ; a waist like a wasp's and knees 
 like a stork's. hoh chek huang ; enlargement 
 of the knee joint. 
 
 4'Hlf ^^^*^^ ^ "^0 sympathize. 
 I^'J 960 9 chek-un kai sim ; humane 
 feelings. nang-nang to ii chek-un kai sim ; 
 
 every one has natural sympathies. 
 
 t^ chek 69 To expel. 
 / P 72 1 l\i a m cun, lia ciu cang lu 
 chek-keh ; if you do not obey, I will take away 
 your office, chek-tok ; to drive out. 
 
 >frt|l chek 9 Lateral; onesided. 
 I^'J 957 9 chekmak; envious glances, 
 chek sin ; lop sided. chek-p ; leans over to 
 one side. 
 
 — cheng — 
 
 cheng-chiu A swing. 
 
 981 cheng-chiu pe"; the 
 
 frame from which a swing is suspended, thdi" 
 nang phah cheng-chiu ; see people swinging, 
 peh m cie" cheng-chiu pe"; could not climb 
 into the swing, hwn-cheng-chiu ; a whirligig, 
 toa" cheng-chiu ; a swing for one person. 
 
 cheng 115 To designate ; to give an 
 76 9 appellation ; to name, 
 
 cheng-hu ; to designate by a name. thong 
 
 cheng-co sin-se° ; are generally called Teachers. 
 cu cheng-cp oi ; called himself competent, ka- 
 ki thp-khiam cbeng-cp ngo ; with a pretense of 
 
90 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 humility called himself the stupid one. k^ | 
 
 cheng-co siang-kheh ; falsely gave him the 
 title of merchant. cheng-hn nftng, hok si 
 
 6ng kui ji, eiig cun jl, eng leng ji ; to com- 
 pliment people by the use of the t«rm Noble, 
 or Honored, or Suspected, before their 
 names. 
 
 v(^^ cheng 85 Pure; clear; to cleanse; cool. 
 if^ 995 8 cheng -kliih; cheng- kiet; 
 clean, soi cheng-khih; wash it clean, cheng- 
 cheng khih-khih ; perfectly clean. ua ch\u 
 
 kaa cheng-khih cfti ; I have scrubbed it very 
 clean. cheng-cheng ceng-ceng ; perfectly 
 
 cleansed. cheng-cheng ne ; very pure. c5 
 cheng ; let it set till it is clear. tlicng cheng ; 
 let it stand till it becomes clear by settling, 
 cheng ciii ; pure water. cheng te ; pure tea. 
 cheng thng ; clear soup. lu k&i chfu nah-sap, 
 khu soi cheng-khih; your hands are dirty, go 
 and wash them clean. cheng-cheng p6h-pSh ; 
 spotless. m cheng-p6h ; not unblemished, 
 
 sin ke cheng- pSli; an unsullied name. M mai" 
 td s6i cheng ; do not try to excuse yourself for 
 it. lio-H cheng-chd ; the w hole matter i.s well 
 arranged. cheng-cheng cli(5-cli<5 ; completely 
 settled. Qe ta° \k\ m cheng-chd ; the subject 
 is not definitely stated. sio-b'ie hai' bOe 
 
 cheng; the balance is not paid in full. hfii" 
 cheng lio ; paid in full. i 8e° Ifii cheng-siu 
 
 cJli ; he is very well formed. iTii cheng kok ; 
 China. cheng chio ; the present dynasty, 
 
 cheng sim ; pure hearted. cheng-liang; cool. 
 thi°-si cheng-liang ; the weather is agreeably 
 cool. ciah cheng-liang ; to take cooling food. 
 ]i4 thoi" tieh cheng kua°-hue hd, a cheng siin- 
 hue ho, a si cheng hui-hiie ho ? Do you think 
 it is the liver, the heart, or the lungs, which 
 requires medication ? cie lia th6i° li 
 
 tieh cheng sien-hue c\a° h<5 ; according to my 
 judgment, it is the kidneys which require to 
 be acted upon. cheng-sin ; the cool of the 
 
 morning. cheng sio-bak ; settle an account, 
 
 k&i gueh cheng cek <ng sio; settle the account 
 monthly. cheng sug meng-peh ; reckoned in 
 full. cheng 6i"; quite at leisure, cheng-khih 
 .sie"; clean looking. cheng huang meng gueh ; 
 balmy breezes and moonlight nights. cui 
 
 cheng, ki° cieh ; transparent depths of water, 
 i kai ke cheng, lii tieh cai thoi" kii i ; his family 
 is in reduced circumstances, and you should 
 be considerate toward him. co cheng kua°; 
 an upright judge. cheng liam ; clean hand- 
 ed, bwn tng khoi cui soi m cheng ; a thou- 
 sand fathoms of river water would not wash 
 it clean. 
 
 cheng 140 To perfume ; to scent; to 
 ;^^ 212 14 impart an odor. 
 Siig phang-chau cheng i phang ; lay fragrant 
 herbs among them, to impart a sweet odor, 
 cfa t§ si cheng hue kui, cheng kaii cng kai 
 hue bl ; this tea has had flower petals mixed 
 with it to scent it, till it tastes strongly of the 
 flowers. i7j-hd khut i cheng tieh ; do not let 
 this take an odor from that. khut i kfii khi- 
 bl cheng tieh cQ ki" se" p6"; if you take in its 
 exhalations, yon will become ill. cie°-l(5 pang 
 sie" toi cheng Ifo b5i se" ( ii-th&ng ; put cam- 
 phor into the box, and when it has imparted 
 its scent, moths will not breed there. i k&i 
 
 sa°-kh6 cheng kau phang cSi ; her clothes are 
 scented so as to be very fi-agrant. 
 
 yft ch^ng 86 To warm by steaming ; to 
 ik»> 74 6 heat what has before been 
 cooked. khioh khu cheng i sie ; take it and 
 warm it up by steaming it. kui i pang tfa* 
 t6i kp cheng. cia b5i clnn ; put it back into 
 the pan and let it steam there then it won't 
 get cold. 
 
 ch^ng 167 Fire-arras ; gnns. 
 Ill 6 hkm phah thih k4i Ifti 
 phah kui ki cheng ; tell the blacksmith to make 
 some guns. toa cheng; a cannon. cheng 
 kha ; gun carriage. cek bue cheng ; one can- 
 non, kui hi'ang cheng ; a revolver, l&k hfang 
 cheng; a revolver with six barrels. ci ki 
 
 cheng ho phah kui hfang ? How many balls 
 does this revolver carry ? sa°-mng-ch6ng ; a 
 petard. pang 8a°-mng-cheng ; fire a petard. 
 
 ang-ke° cheng ; evening gun-tire. ji cheng ; 
 
 the nine o'clock gun. thi''.kng cheng h/ang 
 
 lio ; the sunrise gun has been fired. lia thia"- 
 ki° cheng kong-ce-kie; I heard the sound of 
 a gun. ci-hue ti-kp kai cheng kuang-ce- 
 
 kie ; this moment a gun sounded somewhere. 
 ch^ng-kia°; a pistol, cheng-ci ; shot. cheng- 
 ieh ; powder. cheng kai hue-hi° mng ; the 
 
 touch-hole, cheng khang ; the bore of a gun. 
 cang cheng phah si i ; took a gun and shot 
 him dead. 
 
 cheng 115 Suitable ; in consonance 
 76 9 with, 
 
 cheng ceh a m cheng ceh ; suited or unsuited 
 to the position. i ia si lai li ci kia° su cu 
 
 cheng ceh, ia si khu li hu kia" eu cu m cheng 
 ceh ; if he undertakes to manage this case it is 
 consonant with his duty, but if he enters into 
 that one he dishonors his office. ci kia° su 
 
 cheng I cSi ; this is very satisfactory, m cheng 
 i ; unsatisfactory. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 91 
 
 cheng 61 The feelings | the circura- 
 996 8 stances or facts of a case. 
 hua''-hf, se''-khi, pui-ai, kia"-ku, ai-sieli, lo-hun, 
 eim f<6 ai", kie-co chit chdng; joy, anger, grief, 
 fear, love, hatred and desire, are called the 
 seven passions. ch6iig niin ; feeling expi-essed 
 in the face. thoi" i kAi cheng min ; observe 
 
 the expression of his face. cheng hun ; a 
 
 fellow feeling. eng cheng; treat kindly, 
 
 nang-cheng; kindness. co nang-cheng khut 
 i ; do him a favor. i kai co su in kun uaiig. 
 
 cheiig ; he does not do thing.s in a kindly way. 
 sai-cliSng; private desires. tholi cheng; 
 
 claim a favor. m cai n&ng-cheng; shows no 
 gratitude for favors. u nang-cheng to i ko ; 
 
 he is under obligation to me for favors. i m 
 pat nang-cheng; he is not susceptible to the 
 influence of kindness. ki-llam i kai nang- 
 
 cheng; recollect his kindness, i u nang-cheng 
 to nang ko, nang tieh u nang-cheng khut i ; lie 
 has done us favors, and we must return them, 
 jwn ta", ta" bo nang-cheng; what is thought- 
 lessly said is unkindly said. ta" nang-cheng; 
 plead for favor, si-cheng ; the circumstances, 
 phueh si-chSiig kai su ; talking about mat- 
 ters of fact. nang-kheh cheng ; hospitably 
 inclined. sin-cheng ; remarkable aptness. ii 
 cheng; to cheng; grateful. bo cliSng; poh 
 cheng; ungrateful. cheng iu ; the causes, 
 cheng cak; the facts, cheng-heng; the aspect 
 of the case. ii cheng-li ; that is reasonable. 
 i cin cheng cSi ; he shows the utmost grati- 
 tude, sit cheng; the real circumstances or 
 incidents. i chwn bo cliai-cheng; he is very 
 unfeeling, toa chai-clicng kai nang; a person 
 of deep feeling, lia cheng-ngwn co; I am will- 
 ing to do it. i kam-sim cheng-ngvvn ; he is 
 wholly cordial in his assent to it. lu m cheng- 
 Dgvvn li m ai"; if you are unwilling I do not 
 wish it. i kai hia°-ti-cheng ho cai ; their 
 fi-aternal regard is very admirable. chwn bo 
 pheng-iu cheng ; has no friendly feeling. co 
 cheng ce; be kindlier, cheng, li, huap, sa" kia", 
 chiet-io tieh hio; the facts, the principles, and 
 the law, must all three be clearly understood. 
 
 •x%B chgng 75 The bastard banyan, also 
 
 Tm 1147 10 called seng. 
 
 a pit chgng-chlu kun ; argue with sufficient 
 
 foice to split a banyan root. cheng-chiu 
 
 kha-e la liang ; under a banyan enjoying the 
 
 coolness, 
 
 ■4*XX cheng 75 A species of lemon. 
 T-H» 31 12 ch^ng kp ; marmalade, 
 boi no kai ci" cheng lai loh ; buy two cash 
 worth of lemon and put it in for seasoning. 
 
 chgng 18 An overplus ; a residue ; a 
 772 9 surplus, 
 ua fl li chut cheng to-kp ; I have provided 
 more than will be needed. teng-tieh io fi 
 
 chut cheng; theie is by weight more than the 
 requii-ed amount u chim-cheng tp-kp ; there 
 is a gi-eater depth given to it, than will be 
 necessarily occupied. ti-hng io khua"-cheng ; 
 the space is wider than we need occupy. 
 
 pH cheng 1G9 A wooden bar, used to 
 I J 786 1 fasten doors ; to bar with 
 a wooden bar. 
 
 mng chSng; bars for fastening doors. tit 
 
 cheng; a vertical I)ar. hue" cheng; a cro.ss- 
 
 bar. cheng theng; bar the window. cheng 
 siam ; bar the folding doors. 
 
 yf'^ cheng 60 Subordinate. 
 |/t 1024 8 cheng chu; outhouses, hia 
 chu 81 toa° p6i° cheng elm, a si sang poi" 
 cheng chu ? Has that house a row of small 
 buildings on one side only, or on both sides ? 
 si cue cheng chu ; four rows of side buildings. 
 
 jAj cheng 116 To wear ; to put on cloth- 
 
 5§r 119 "4' i"g- 
 
 cheng sa"-kho ; wear clothes. cheng bueh, 
 
 cheng 6i ; wear stockings and shoes. cheng 
 phau ; wear a cloak. cheng p kua ; wear a 
 long tunic and a short one. cheng khu s6-s6 ; 
 dressed plainly. clieng khu phai-chiang ; 
 
 dressed elegantly. u sin cheng; have enough 
 to wear. lai cheng io hp thoi"; dress more 
 
 becomingly. cheng khb-kueh ; wear short 
 
 trowsers. cheng be-kua ; wore a riding 
 
 jacket. cheng kho-thiii ; wore leggins. ua"- 
 cheng gut sa"-kli6 ; put on one's night clothes, 
 sin teng kai sa^-kho kiam li'o, thng tio khu 
 soi ; the clothes you are wearing are soiled, 
 take them off and wash them, khieh s6i-cia° 
 kai lai cheng ; get clean ones and put them 
 on. ua bp cheng sa°; I am undressed. tting 
 lia cheng sa" Ho cia" chut lai ; wait till I am 
 dressed and I will then come out. hd khu- 
 cheng sa°; go and put on your jacket. 
 
 chi 88 A wife 
 _ 966 5 hu chi ; husband and wife, 
 
 chi ke ; a wife's relations. chi ku ; a wife's 
 
 elder brother. chi chiap ; wife and concu- 
 
 bines, chi ji bo kia"; wives and children. 
 
 ^P5 chi 195 The gills of a fish. 
 hlAl^ 722 9 hu chi ap ciii ; the fish draws 
 water through its gills. i ai" sie kS,, kai chi- 
 ko cu phang-phang; when they are going to 
 
92 
 
 DICTIONAET Of TAB SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 fight, they dilate their gills. tah lleh i k&i 
 
 chi-ko i cu cau m khu ; if you hook him in the 
 gill he cannot get away. hu chi tieh li'u tio ; 
 yon mnet take out the gills. 
 
 chi-gi Repulsive, horrid, loath- 
 29 some, hideous. 
 i kai min chi-gi cSi ; ho has a very repulsive 
 face, se" kau k4i min khi-khi kuai-kuai, chi- 
 gi cSi ; his face is very queer, being hairy, 
 fierce, and unpleasant to look at. 
 
 chi 61 Suffering. 
 
 966 8 chi-cham ; distressing, 
 chi-chi chdra-chara ; in great distress, 
 tleh i chi-cham ; pity his distress. 
 
 lien- 
 
 chi 76 To sojourn ; to perch. 
 
 788 8 b6 ko h(5 chi sin; with no 
 place of abode, ciam-chia" chi sin ; lodge tem- 
 porarily, to ci-kp chi-suah ; .sojourn hero, o- 
 a lai chi-hiah to hu chlu teng; the crows perch 
 in those trees. 
 
 chi 104 Foolish ; inapt. 
 
 62 8 chi-nga; d under-headed, 
 chi-tai ; inapt. chi-ngai ; chi-chi ng&i-ngai ; 
 foolish, chi-chi ne ; imbecile, chi sim ; weak 
 minded, sim chi-chi ; of dull wit. chi-kuuk 
 chi-kuak; silly. chi-chi, chvva boi se° khi ; 
 ■weakly good natured, so that he never gets 
 angry. chi-kp ; simple. chi-kp s!e"; simple 
 thoughts. Iti mai" \6 chi-kp; do not try to 
 appear simple, li chi-kp; a shrewd simpleton, 
 chi-ko-kui lu ; stole a march on you. lu iTi si 
 chi iu i7i si k6k, cp-nl c\e°-se'' cp ; why should 
 one who is neither a simpleton nor an idiot do 
 that ? boi chi boi lung, boi cp a ko a ong ; in 
 order to be a good old aunt or uncle one needs 
 be both stupid and deaf. 
 
 i^ 
 
 chi 9 Extravagant ; superfluous. 
 
 65 6 chia-clii; rich and profuse, 
 eiig-to chia-chi; use lavishly. hong-sok 
 
 chia-clii; wasteful habits, hu-kp kai chu-theh 
 chia-chi cSi ; the houses there are very lux- 
 urious, chia-chi kui''-si'"; accustomed to 
 luxury, i kai hok-sek khah kue chia-chi; his 
 clothing is too expensive ; he dresses extrava- 
 gantly. 
 
 dij '1>^ chf-clifo Winsome ; attractive ; 
 t\4 I^S- 972 vivacious; genial and 
 
 shrewd. 
 
 cf kai io chi-chi'o, hu k9,i li lo toa-pang; the 
 one is the more pleasing, the other the more 
 admirable. leng-lai chi-chio ; witty and 
 
 charming. 
 
 ■rft\ chi 61 Shame. 
 
 ^\U 65 6 liam-chf; decency; modesty. 
 hd liara-chi; indecent. u liam-chi; decent, 
 
 tieh cai liam-chi; must be decent. kii liam- 
 
 chf ; regard decency. rii kii liam-chi ; regard- 
 less of decency. pun nang chi-chie; made a 
 laughing stock. ci kai nang bo chi c-ai ; this 
 person is shameless. i si bp chi kai nang ; he 
 is a shameless fellow, bp chi cu thii ; a brazen 
 faced rascal. 
 
 chi 142 The sting of insecta. 
 11 13 phang chi; the sting of a 
 bee. hiet u chi; scorpions have stings, khut 
 phang tang tieh chi ; stung by a bee. b6 chi 
 phang; a stingless bee; a magistrate who is 
 too annable to harm anybody. 
 
 fC 
 
 chi 149 To try, to test. 
 
 765 '6~ chi th6i"; try it and gee. 
 chi thdi" 5i khah kiam a bQi ; try it and see 
 whether it is too salt. chi thoi" h(5 a r7i-hd ; 
 
 try it and see whether it is good. chi ciali ; 
 test it by tasting it. chi tieh cSi-se"? How do 
 you find it ? chi tieh ho, lia cu ai°; if I find 
 it good I shall want some. Iti tn ceng chi, 
 
 cfti tit cai ho a m-hp ? Since you have not 
 tried it, how do you know whether it is good 
 or not ? lia thilu-soi" chi tieh hd lio, cia" khieh 
 l&i khut lu ciah ; I first tried it and found it 
 good, and so brought some for you to partake 
 of. chi-ngiam kiie k&i; that which has already 
 been tested keng kue chi-lien ; has endured 
 trial. ai" chi-lien i ; wishes to put him to the 
 test. ieh chi ; experimental treatment in 
 
 medicine. chi cek 6 ; try it once. chi ce ! 
 We'll see ! lu chi sie° ce ; you try to think it 
 up. chi kim cieh ; a stone used in testing gold. 
 i° chi, hie" chi, htte chi, toi° chi; the examina- 
 tions for the degrees of siu-chai, ku-jin, cin-sfl, 
 and h&ng-lim. hii-chi, kui°-chi ; the examina- 
 tions in the departmental and in the district 
 cities. hok chi ; a re-examination of the can- 
 didates, hu chi; to repair to the examination, 
 ^ng chi ; to attend the examinations. 
 
 ll chi 140 Thorns ; prickles. 
 
 }} 1035 8 se° chi ; thorny. 16 se" 
 
 chi ; the path is thorny. ci khi chiu se" chi ; 
 this sort of tree has thorns on it. chi-kau- 
 
 tek ; the thorny bamboo. chi-na-phe ; chi- 
 
 lim-phe ; brambles. chiah tieh chi ; got 
 
 thorns in it. chi chiah tieh chiu ; the thorns 
 pricked his hands, ki chi chiah jip nek toi ; a 
 thorn stuck into his flesh, sua" teng peh hwt 
 u se" chi kai raueh ; there are prickly plants 
 growing spontaneously on the mountains. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 93 
 
 clu 124 Prepared fish fins. 
 
 66 4 hA chi ; a kind of food made 
 from the fins of fish. chi kia ; hd-pau-chi ; 
 
 fish fins made into pellets and cakes. 
 
 chi 60 A pennon or streamer. 
 
 66 12 ki-chi ; flags. chah toa-bd- 
 mueh ki-chi ; erect a great number of flags. 
 ki-chi chi°-meug ; flags new and bright. 
 
 chi 56 To murder a superior. 
 
 765 9 chi pe kai nang ; a parricide, 
 chi kun kai nang ; a regicide. chi i kai cii ; 
 murdered his master. 
 
 Eye-lashes. 
 
 raak-chi-mo"; the eyelashes. 
 
 Hairy spines. 
 
 ho-fu chi; porcupine quills. 
 
 Dilatory ; slow. 
 
 chi-gi ; irresolute. chi-gi, 
 
 put kwt; undecided and unsettled in mind. 
 lia thia" tieh chi-ohi gi-gi ; on hearifig this I 
 was in great doubt what to do. m-hp chi-ien ; 
 do not procrastinate, chi-mang ktii jit ; delay a 
 few days. kau ta" lo kliah chi lio ; it is now 
 too late. ta" kheng hue-thau pi" ho hwn boi 
 chi ; if you are now willing to reform, it is not 
 yet too late. kong-mia" chi ca m tang ; fame 
 comes at diverse times to different persons. 
 
 chi 210 To arrange methodically. 
 
 966 chi-pi ; to prepare carefully, 
 mill mueh chi-pi; everything is ready. put 
 
 leng chi ke, ien leng ti kok ? If you cannot 
 keep your family in order, how can you rule a 
 kingdom ? chi-chwn ; well regulated, m clii- 
 chwn ; not in complete order, siu-sip kau chi- 
 chi ceng-ceng ; arranged in perfect order, bvvn 
 mueh chi-pi, ci kliiam tang huang ; all that is 
 required is ready, excepting only a favorable 
 wind. Idng-coiig chi-chi pi-pi lio ; all is 
 
 methodically prepared. 
 
 m 
 
 chi 187 To spread abroad. 
 
 64 ~^ kak chii chi mia"; its name 
 is known everywhere. chi-mia" kSi ko-ieh ; 
 
 a renowned salve. 
 
 'J-| chi 50 A market ; to trade. 
 I I J 762 2 koi-chi ; the market. sia" 
 chi; the city market, po chi; a mart. pS chi ; 
 to close a market. hu-chi ; a country fair, 
 
 cie" chi; go to market, hang chi; the exchange 
 or bourse. m cai sim-mih hang-chi ; do not 
 
 know the current rate. chi ke ; the market 
 
 price. chi-ce°; a market man. tang chl-thaa 
 khu kau chi-biie jich hug ? How far is it from 
 one end of the market to the other ? tku-chi ; 
 to barter. chi-tau m sSng ; did not accom- 
 
 plish the exchange. t^u-chi tka tit s6ng ; 
 
 effected the exchange. chi tSng ; elevated 
 
 stalls. chi-k6 ai" tai-ciang ; the market price 
 is rising. h^ng-chi tSi-tiet ; the current price 
 is falling, un ai" lai khu hu chi ; we are going 
 to repair to the market, chi teng boi sifu-mih 
 ke ? What does it sell for in the market ? 
 tai-kit li-chi ; a good speculation. li-chi cSi ! 
 How profitable ! (said derisively), to chi khui 
 pho; open a shop in a business street, cie" chi 
 boi chai ; go to market to buy food, lii kai ue 
 ta" lai m kah koi-chi ; what you say is not in 
 accordance with the recognized rules of trade 
 here, ke m txii chi ; the price is not such as is 
 paid here. pho m tui chi ; the shop is not on 
 a business street. cia hue kah r7i kue h^ng- 
 chi ; these goods are not suited to this market. 
 cie"-si kai chi-cheng cSi-se" ? What is the 
 present condition of the market ? koi-fncr 
 
 mua"-ciah chi ; a small market street. ua ci 
 ki chin kah koi-chi ; these scales of mine are 
 in accordance with the standard of the market, 
 sin-lau hai-chi ; a mirage of cities in the sea. 
 khia toa chi mln kai nSng ; one familiar with 
 the market. 
 
 /g^ chi 184 To feed ; to nourish. 
 pHJ B38 5 chi kau i toa ; to rear. ko 
 nang lai chi ni ; hire a wet nurse. chi tu ; 
 
 rears pigs. chi ah ; rears ducks. chi kau ; 
 keeps a dog. chi ciah eng-ko ; keeps a parrot, 
 mai" chi khah pa ; do not overfeed him. tieh 
 cai chi i ; you must remember to feed it. chi 
 kau oi ie bue ; even a dog will wag his tail 
 when he sees the one that feeds him. tang s6i 
 chi kau toa ; reared up from infancy. chi lio 
 khut it thau-cau ; after it was domesticated, it 
 ran away. bo thang hd chi i ; have nothing 
 to feed it on. cang sira-niueh chi i ? What 
 
 do you feed it upon ? chi ku ciu s6k ; keep it 
 a long time and it will become tame. ci k§,i 
 mueh chi bo iah ; it is of no use to keep this 
 creature. chi boi toa; it will never grow, 
 
 chi boi uah ; it will not live. chi lii uah ; it 
 
 did not live. chi m sek ; it cannot be domes- 
 ticated, i 10 soi tieh ii nang chi i ; it is very 
 young,' and some one must take care off and 
 feed it. r7i-hd chi kai ; what cannot be domes- 
 ticated, chi pe, chi bd ; to support one's 
 parents. chi bo chi kia" ; support one's wife 
 and children. chi cio ke-hue lio : chi tu chi 
 gu ke-hue phii ; keeping birds spends your 
 substance : keeping cattle increases it. 
 
94 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 — chi" — 
 
 chi" 196 Fresh; just killed; clean; 
 fiiVJT 800 6 new. 
 chi" hu ; fresh fish, hii chi" kka 6ah ; the fish 
 is as fresh as if alive. ci ko nek chi°-chi° nfi; 
 this flesh is from an animal that has just 
 been killed. hai chi"; shell-fish just out of 
 
 the sea. ci kai hii kau kau-sia" chi"; this fish 
 is nearly fresh. mng-khf kai liA, ai° ien 
 
 li boi, ai" chi" li b6 ; this morning's fish is not 
 spoiled, and neither is it quite fresh. cek sin 
 h6k-8ek chi" c3,i ; his garments are very new. 
 hue chi°-chi ; newly opened flowers. ki-chi 
 
 chi''-m6ng c3,i ; the flags are quite new. chi"- 
 iam ; spick and span. chi" kau iara-Iam ; 
 
 glossy from newness. chi" khau ; deliciously 
 fresh. chi"-tiam ; fresh and sweet. chi"-n! 
 cai ; very youthful. 8a*-kh6 chi"-khia chi°- 
 
 khia ; his clothes are span new. 
 
 -gg chi" 140 Blue. . 
 Ilft^ 502 14 chi" p6; plain blue cotton 
 cloth. si ^i" lam chi", a si ^i" ni chi"? Do 
 
 you want to have it colored blue by a single 
 immersion in blue dye, or by repeated dippings 
 and airings ? chi" tia ; blue grass-cloth. 
 
 chi" 68 To measure by the outstret- 
 912 8 ched arras ; one reach of the 
 
 chi" tieh sa" chi" tng; measured it by the ex- 
 tended arms, and found it was three times as 
 far as from the tip of one middle finger to the 
 other. cang chiu chi" th6i" u kui chi" khuah; 
 measure it with outstretched arms and see how 
 many such spans wide it is. u chi" gua tng 
 
 cu kau ; a little more than the length covered 
 by my extended arras will be sufficient. 
 
 — chia — 
 
 chia 37 Profuse ; wasteful. 
 747 9 chia-chi ; lavish. chia mo"; 
 wild hopes, kio-chia im-it; proud and prodigal. 
 
 chia 159 A wheeled vehicle ; wheels ; 
 39 a machine having wheels, 
 be-chia; a wagon. gu-chia ; an ox cart, lin- 
 chia; a wheel-barrow, chia-lin; the wheel of a 
 cart. c5 chia; to go in a carriage, thuachia; 
 to draw a cart. ko cek tie" chia ; hired a car- 
 riage, hiie-lun-chia ; a steam car. ci ciah 
 hue-lun-cun, si am chia a si iang chia ? Is this 
 steamboat a propeller or one with side wheels ? 
 thi"-sa° chia ; a sewing machine, tah chia ; to 
 turn a pump with the feet. 16i pe ciii-chia ; 
 
 farming implements, chia p6°; a carriage top. 
 
 cbia 81°; the spokes of a wheel. phang se k&i 
 chia ; a spinning wheel. pae chia ; a flying 
 
 machine. 
 
 chia 154 To buy or sell on credit. 
 |> 74-7 7 chia sio; enter in account, 
 chia khut i ; sell to him on credit. lu kio ua 
 thoi chia ; have it charged in your account for 
 me. Ill si ai" chia a ai" bin ? Do you wish to 
 trade on credit or for cash ? bin kah chia, cek 
 jit sio Q c§k peh ngiiu hue ; for cash and on 
 credit, he daily disposes of a hundred dollars 
 worth of goods. clam chia kiii jit ; let me 
 
 have it on credit for a few days. cia chia sio 
 si kng giieh sia a si atig coih sin ? Are these 
 bills collected monthly, or at other fixed 
 periods ? peh chia m jA ngS-c&p bin ; a hun- 
 dred per cent acredited is not so good as fifty 
 per cent paid down. b6 chia put s^ng tiam, 
 l&m chia tiam put s6ng ; without giving credit 
 shops could not be opened, but if credit were 
 carelessly given shops would soon have to be 
 closed, chia l&i, hai" khu; you take something 
 in when you buy on credit, but you pay some- 
 thing oat when you settle the bill. cSk k&i 
 lit chia; no credit given, chia k&i c5i kiie hia 
 kai ; those who buy on credit are more than 
 those wIk) pay cash. phien chia ; buy on 
 credit without meaning to pay. chia sin 
 h&i ku ; to iucure a new debt in order to settle 
 an old one. 
 
 chia-khu Veined stone, used for 
 444 the opaque white but- 
 
 tons of otUcers of the sixth rank, 
 i si tJ chia-khu teng, a si ti ciii-cia" teng ? 
 Does he wear a white stone button, or one of 
 crystal ? lii k&i si" p6" ^i" tau chia-khii h<5 a 
 tau ge ho ? Which do you prefer having the 
 handle of your fan made from, white stone 
 or ivory ? 
 
 ^'3^ chia" 149 To invite ; to request 
 pR 996 8 courteously, 
 chia" n^ng-kheh ; to invite company. khut 
 
 nang chia"; he has been invited. chia" i Ifti 
 
 ciah; invite him to partake of the meal, chia" 
 i ciah pin chai-pfig; ask him to take pot-luck 
 with us. chia"co ; please be seated. chia" 
 sin-se"; to engage a teacher. chia" ci; ask for 
 orders from the Throne. chia" te ; invite to 
 take tea. chia" bun; to offer one's pipe, chia" 
 cin ; to offer wine. chia" a, chia" a ; good-by. 
 chia", chia"; good-day. lu kio lia chia" i lai 
 ta° ue; you ask him foi me to come and hare a 
 chat, chia" si-jit ; an invitation to fix the day. 
 chia" mng; inquire politely. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 95 
 
 Ct chfa" 1 Moreover; furthermore; in- 
 H^ 974 4 dieatea a copulative sentence, 
 ko-chia" tiu six-si ; put up with this domicile 
 for a short time. lia to-kp, l\i siang chfa" 
 
 cie°-se'', lia ra tq-kb le m cai Id co-ni ie°; if you 
 do like this when I. ara here, I do not know 
 what you would not do if I were absent, 
 chi'a" ciam piet ; so we are to separate for a- 
 while. ua chia" mng Id ; I moreover ask you. 
 chia" hue; not just yet; please delay an instant. 
 lu clu'a" co; sit still and do not disturb yourself. 
 lu chia" tang lia ; you remain here and wait 
 for me. ta° chia" mai" sie" i ; now don't think 
 about it any more. kuang-chia" lue° ngia i 
 
 CO m-ai" ? Since it is so pretty why does he not 
 want it? lu chia" hue khu ; then you can go 
 back, chi'a" lai ciah; come now and eat. chia" 
 cieh ua, ua" ce khieh lai hai° lu ; lend it to me 
 and I will bring it back to you after awhile, 
 lu chia" khut lia, e-jit ua-kai le khut lu; let me 
 have it, and at another time I will let you have 
 mine. i kai lau kui", ju chi'a" khuah ; his 
 
 chamber is lofty, and it is spacious as well. 
 ko-chia°; it will do, it will answer temporarily, 
 ko-chia"; done without any painstaking. 
 
 Aj^ chia" 9 To serve an occasion ; to 
 if^ 983 8 borrow for a purpose. 
 chfa" nang khu cp bun-cie"; to engage another 
 to write an essay for one to use at an examina- 
 tion, kim bo nang chia" thoi ; forbid the em- 
 ployment of substitutes in writing for the ex- 
 aminations, chia" nang khu thoi; get a substi- 
 tute to enter in one's place at an examination. 
 
 ^ 
 
 chia" 62 To finish. 
 77 2 CO kau chia"; to bring to 
 completion. ciah kau chia"; finish the meal, 
 
 ai" li tieh li kau chia"; if you do it at all yon 
 must finish it. cp m chia"; unfinished, ci k§,i 
 khang-khue chia" kau i ho; finish up this work. 
 
 — chiah — 
 
 a3^ chiah 9 To borrow for a purpose ; to 
 I ™ 983 8 employ for a special object. 
 i kai biin-cie" si ka-ki cp kai a si chiah nang cp 
 kai ? Did he compose his essay himself or did 
 he employ some one to do it for him ? no 
 
 pang long-cong chiah kieh lai sie tau ; the two 
 parties each engaged workmen and rivaled each 
 the other in the display made. 
 
 chiah 155 Flesh color ; reddish. 
 y* 72 chiah sek ; Chinese flesh 
 color. chiah p6 ; nankeen. chiah kim ; red 
 gold. kim chiah, ngun peh ; gold is red and 
 silver white, chiah ti ; the god of fire, chiah 
 
 cu ; a young infant. chiali tSu ; the equator, 
 pak chiah kha; barefoot. chiah sin ; nude, 
 
 chiah sin 16 thoi ; stark naked. pak-chiah 
 
 ka-lit; stripped to the waist. chiah-kwt 
 
 chiah-kwt; red in the face. chiah mak tih ; 
 sallow eyed. chiah kha che" chiu; barefooted 
 and brown handed. nilu se" lai chiah-khng 
 
 chiah-kling; has a brunette complexion. mia 
 S.ng-k6ng-(;hiah; blushed deeply. o pui chiah 
 toi"; tough and strong from exposure. chiah 
 sim iii kok ; a guileless monarch, chiah khaa 
 jit ; days marked in the calendar by red 
 mouthed animals. kia"-jit chiah khau ; this is 
 a day apt to be unlucky. chiah ti choi"-H; 
 
 unoccupied wastes. cieh-chiah ; umber. ci 
 k§,i p6 se" chiah khoih ; this cloth has unblea- 
 ched threads in it. chiah hoi ; pickled crabs. 
 
 I^tl chiah 18 To prick; to stab ; to tattoo. 
 /7»'J 1035 6 khut chi chiah tieh ; wound- 
 ed by a thorn. kha chiah tieh chi ; got a 
 thorn in his foot, tieh kia" cu-s6i, mai" chiah 
 tieh ang-le ; must walk carefully and not get 
 cut by the potsherds. i kai chiu teng chiah 
 11 ji ; he has letters tattooed on his arm. 
 
 — chiak — 
 chiak 120 Many ; liberal. 
 
 84 8 chiak-hp ; a nickname or 
 
 pet name. i kai chiak-ho kie-cp sim-mueh ? 
 What nickname has he ? chiak-chiak u u ; 
 there is some to spare. 
 
 ^ chiak 172 A sparrow. 
 
 997 3 i"-chiak ; a house sparrow, 
 ng-chiak ; a goldfinch. chiak teng; the bird 
 crest, a peculiar shaped button worn by those 
 who have taken a degree. 
 
 — chiam — 
 
 chiam 118 Bamboo slips upon which 
 981 17 names or characters are 
 written, used for drawing lots, or in consult- 
 ing oracular tables. 
 
 chiam tang pit ke ; a box for slips, and a pen 
 rack, thiu ki chiam; draw out a lot. g6-chiam 
 khi-thak; an ivory tooth-pick, cie poih chiam ; 
 according to the lot drawn. than chiam ; the 
 lot which indicates who is to take the lead, 
 cua" chiam ; assign by lot. siah kiii ki tek 
 
 chiam; whittle out some bamboo slips to use in 
 drawing lots. khiu chiam mug phok ; divine 
 by drawing slips on which characters are writ- 
 ten, cai khieh chiam; drew again, siu chiam; 
 take the tallies, chiam si; the oracular answer 
 corresponding with the number on the slip 
 drawn. hue chiam ; an urgent warrant, 
 
 kai n&ng cip cek ki chiam ; each took a slip. 
 
96 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 chiam 118 To sign ones name. 
 981 13^ chiaru miii"; to subscribe 
 one 8 name, chiano-ji ; a circular, chiatn ap ; 
 to affix a mark. chiara ap pang; a marking 
 
 office, chiani ap toll ; the table where seals or 
 signatures are affixed. 
 
 >^^ chiara 9^ To canvass for names of 
 j^^ 981 n people who will join in 
 a general movement, or sign a petition to 
 government ; the general opinion, chiam t5a- 
 bo-ra<ieh uUng khi p(5 i ; a great number of 
 persons agreed together to go and bail him out. 
 i tie" kong-tia" chiam Q jleh coi nftng ? How 
 many persons signed the appeal ? cle°jit 
 
 chiam i png to kfti nang khu p<5 li, \>6 m chut : 
 ta° chiam tJii ceng k&i nang kliu pd, cdng 6i tit 
 chut ; some time ago they got the people of bis 
 own neighborhood to join in an appeal for his 
 release, but did not thus succeed in setting 
 him at liberty : now they have got the general 
 public to unite in asking for his liberation and 
 he is set free. 
 
 chiam _9^ To arrogate to one's self. 
 980 16 chiam ui ; to aspire to the 
 throne, chiara hun ; to overstep one's powers, 
 chiam cheng co Gang ; arrogates to himself the 
 title of king, chiam ho ; arrogates to himself 
 a title. cia khah kiie chiara ! This is too 
 
 presuming 
 
 ^t chiara 85 In seclusion. 
 
 982 12 chiam leng m-h<5 eng ; a 
 concealed dragon is of no use ; (and so is a 
 talented man who is kept in retireraent). pi 
 mng chiam siu ; to reform in retirement, tong 
 sek, pue chiam kai mueh long-cong si i cSu 
 kai ; all things, whether moving or quiescent 
 whether flying or lying perdue, were made 
 by hira. 
 
 yfi>^ chiara 75 In serried ranks, groups or 
 7MC 734 8 clusters, 
 ke-hiie chiam-chiam; the weapons were ranged 
 regularly. sua^-hong chiam-chiam ; the hills 
 rise in numerous peaks. chie° to pai kau 
 
 chiam-chiam ; spears and swords ranged in 
 serried ranks. sang p6i° pai-liet kau chiam- 
 chiara ; ranged in ranks on either side. hue 
 khui kau cek ki cek ki chiam-chiam, ngi'a cSi ; 
 the plant blossoms in separate clustei's of 
 flowers, beautifully disposed. ki cek ki cek 
 
 ki pai kau chiam chiam ; the flags were arrang- 
 ed at equal distances apart in regular rows. 
 
 — chiang — 
 
 -it^ chiang 38 A prostitute. 
 3(H 26 8 chiang-ki ; a strumpet, 
 chiang ke ; a bagnio. p chiang, siet t6 ; 
 
 harbour prostitutes and institute games of 
 chance. chiang, iu, cftu, cut, to si hia-cua" 
 
 kai nftng ; courtesans, actors, yamen runnel's, 
 and jailors are low people. chiang kfa° M ! 
 
 You little coquette ! 
 
 chiang 140 chiang-phA ; calamus. kau 
 26 8 cak chiang-phu ; nine joints 
 
 of sweet flag. 
 
 ■^0 chiang 94 Boisterous; insubordinate. 
 V^3 26 8 chiang-khuang; mad. chiang- 
 chiang khuang-kliiiang; acting like one pos- 
 sessed, i sira si chiang-khuang ; he is very 
 unruly, chiang-khiet ; obstreperous; ferocious. 
 
 Bi chiang 72 Having many descendants. 
 1=1 26 4 ftu-i chiang-seng cfti ; his 
 
 posterity is numerous. 
 
 Ij3v|^ chiang 27 A shed; a shelter. 
 /{^ 28 12 stn chiang; a pavilion for 
 the gods, ph&ng chiang ; a shed where sails 
 are kept under shelter. cun chiang ; a boat 
 house, ngiara hue chiang; an examining shed, 
 iam chiang ; a salt shed. 
 
 A}^ chiang 9 To lead ; to take the lead. 
 1^ 28 8 hu hua° nftng si i td chiang 
 chut; all those people are lead on by him. 
 ci kia° su si i chiang-si k&i ; it was he who 
 instigated this. hu chLang hu sui ; the hus- 
 band leads, and the wife follows. 
 
 n0 chiang 80 To take the lead in singing. 
 H^ 28 8 chiang h6 ; the call and 
 response in chanting. lii chiang via ho ; you 
 lead and I will follow. chiang 16i ; to give 
 
 orders at a cerenwny. thang chiang ; to 
 
 thrum and sing. chiang hi ; to sing plays, 
 
 chiang tiiu ; to call out to clear the road. k6 
 chiang ; to sing solos. 
 
 •y^&L chiang 140 The red rose. 
 |hJ 969 13 chiang-mui-hue ; the 
 
 cinnamon rose. chiang-miii lo ; rose wat«r 
 
 made from red roses. 
 
 chiang 130 The intestines. 
 
 27 9 tai chiang, sio chiang; 
 
 the large and the small intestines, tit chiang; 
 the rectum. sio-chiang-khi ; colic. chiang 
 huang hla hueh ; blind piles. 
 
DICTIOXAUT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 97 
 
 clilang 168 A long time; to excel. 
 27 cliiniig-ku ; always ; a 
 
 long time. clvang se" yint Itiii ; physical im- 
 moitality. si i f-(5 cliiang ; it is what he excels 
 in. cek b6 id chiang ; he excels in nothing. 
 
 chiang 167 A crowbar; to dig with 
 971 9 a crowbar, 
 
 phue-chiang ; a wooden crowbar having an 
 iron sheath. thih chiang; an iron crowbar, 
 
 chiang kau kai khang chira-chira ; dig out a 
 deep hole, chiang kai khang ho khia ki thio ; 
 dig a hole to set a post in. 
 
 ^tj* chiang 60 Common; ordinary; always. 
 I |J 740 8 lia thoi" tieh pheng-chiang; 
 it appears to me to be an ordinary thing, 
 pheng-pheng chiang-chiang, bo sim-mih kpli 
 Ie°; it is quite ordinary, and does not differ 
 from the common ones. chiang-chiang sio- 
 
 liam Id; I am always speaking about you. 
 liang-ciiiang i to iTi pat cie^-se"; he never did 
 so before. lu tieh chiang lai ce ; you must 
 
 come of tener. chiang u kai su ; it is a com- 
 mon occurrence. chiiing u kai mueh ; it is an 
 ordinary thing. 
 
 mJ^ chiang 157 Having only one good 
 JtMj 342 8 leg; crippled; halt, 
 
 chiang kha-te"; to hop on one foot, having 
 only one sound leg. kia" to rii kia°, co-ni to 
 
 chiang ? Why do you not walk properly in- 
 stead of hopping along on one foot ? kuai-kha 
 chiang-toi kai nang ; a ciipple. i no kai to 
 
 chiang-chin-che"; the two are playing the 
 game of hopping on one foot over seven stones 
 placed at equal distances apart. 
 
 — chiap — 
 
 chiap 38 A concubine. 
 977 5 cek chi cek chiap ; a wife 
 and a concubine, boi chiap ; buy a concubine, 
 sie chiap; my concubine. ai chiap ; your con- 
 cubine. Ihong chiap khi chi ; divorce the 
 wife for love of the concubine. 
 
 Pi 
 
 j^J& chiap 116 To pilfer, to steal. 
 ?rP3 ^77 l7 thau-chiap ; to steal, 
 chiap ; stolen, chiap-chak ; a petty thief. 
 
 — chie — 
 
 chie 172 Masculine ; martial ; virile ; 
 
 214 4 brave, 
 chie gu-ko ; a bull. no kS.i kak chie-chie ; 
 
 two great horns. chie koi-ang ; a fine cock, 
 
 ci ciah koi chie cS,i ; this is a rampant fowl, i 
 chie-chie ne, ai" kio i sie phah ; he is very 
 perk and wants to fight with them. 
 
 ^(ft chie 118 To laugh. 
 ^^/V 795 4 ho chie; khd chie; langh- 
 nble. hi-chie; to laugh at. chi-chie; to deride, 
 kien-chie ; ridiculous. pun nang chie ; was 
 
 laughed at. thoi" tieh chie si ; considered ifc 
 unspeakably ludicrous. chie-iie cSi ; absurd, 
 chie hi-hi; to titter, kha-kha chie; to giggle, 
 chie-but chie-but; smiling, mui" chie; to smile, 
 ne cliie ; a forced laugh, toa chie toa ta"; loud 
 laughing and talking. am-ce" chie; secretly 
 langhed. chie rain ho"; a deceitful smile, phi" 
 chie, chui chie; to laugh all over one's face, 
 hku" chie cSi ; fond of fun. chie chui ; smiling 
 lips. hiong khun phah r7i tit chie min ; the 
 
 most ruthless hand will not smite a smiling 
 face, thau chie than khau ; half laughing and 
 half crying. lu mai" to chie khuah nfi.ng k&i 
 chui ; do not make yourself ridiculous. m 
 
 chie ne; restrained his disposition to laugh, 
 liin chie ; refrain from laughing. hah-hah 
 
 chie ; a horse-laugh. khS-khS chie ; to laugh 
 boisterously, hili-hih chie ; to snicker. 
 
 mH cliie 30 To sing. 
 
 "^ 28 8 chie khek ; chie kua ; to sing 
 bjillads. M chie chut khek ua thia"; you sing 
 a balhnd to me. ci chut khek chie lai h6 cSi ; 
 this ballad was well sung. chie khu i7i tui 
 
 pang ; it was not sung according to the tune, 
 chie chut lai, sia"-im ho, au-tdi ia hd ; the 
 singing was good, and the voices were good. 
 
 — chie" — 
 
 chie" 167 A spear ; a musket. 
 
 968 10^ chie", to, kiam, kek ; spears, 
 knives, swords, and battle axes. chie" huap ; 
 a soldiers' manual. hue be chie"; give a back 
 thrust when unhorsed. loh be, kira chie"; to 
 pretend to be unhorsed in order to give a 
 thrust. chiang-chie"; a long spear, nfo°- 
 chie"; a fowling piece. ie"-chie"; a pistol, 
 chie" chin; a substitute who enters the exami- 
 nation for the B. A. degree, or who writes 
 themes for another. mia" chie"; a renowned 
 scholar who acts as substitute. co chie"; 
 to act as substitute. ko chie"; hire a sub- 
 stitute. 
 
 chie" 64 To take by force. 
 
 969 10 chie"-kiap kai ua"-kia"; a 
 case of plundering, tng rain chie" peh i ; took 
 it away right before his face. si ua chie" 
 thau-soi"; I take the liberty of going ahead, 
 i si chie"-loh pat nang kai ; he has seized upon 
 what belongs to some other person. li min 
 chie"; took it while his head was turned. pSh 
 jit chie"-kiap ; robbed him of it in broad day- 
 
98 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 light., pua" lo c6ih clnV"; o6ili lo chie° pak ; 
 waylay and plunder. chie" iTi kuo ulii'u ; did 
 not succeed in taking it by force. 
 
 Vh^ ol)ie° 90 A wall. 
 TlBl 9r)j 13 kill ohie"; to lay np a wall, 
 ceng chie"; to pound up a wall. cliie" pang; 
 pounding boards. ceng ehie" kai tliui ; 
 
 pounders for pounding up walls, ftu-lio chie"; 
 the back wall. toa pui chie"; the side walls, 
 cie piah (iliie"; the front wall. Iiuang-ui chie"; 
 an enclosing wall. sin" chie"; a city wall. 
 
 chie"-tun ; a low wall. tho chie**; a mud wall, 
 hue chie ; a chunatn wall. cng chie"; a brick 
 wall. chte"-thau; the wall. peh cle" chlo"- 
 thau ; climbed up on tho wall. keh cek pang 
 chie"; separated by a wall. (;hie" tA; a 
 
 cupboard in a wall. pang to chie" kha ; set it 
 near the wall. ci tio tin toa kuo chie"; this 
 
 creeper has run over the wall. chie" lcng-ua° 
 liun kau peh-peh; whitewash the wall till it 
 is very white. khieh ki liue-.'<i lai liam chie"; 
 get a trowel and piaster the wall. chie" kill 
 l&i i7i cia", thoi" tieh sia-loi sia-loi ; the wall ia 
 not laid up perpendicularly, i(, appears to lean, 
 chie" loi-loi ne, hia" tiii koi-l6 chut lai; the wall 
 leans, and leans outward toward the street, 
 ci pang chie" ai" t(5 ; this wall is about to 
 fall. tall-pang chie" ko ; stick it on the wall, 
 teng t5 chie" ko ; nail it to tho wall. ham k&i 
 liue-kang l&i p6 chie" khang; call a mason 
 to mend the holes in the wall. ti-klia liu 
 
 chim ce, chie" cia" nS.i ; dig the fouj\dation 
 deeper and then the wall will stand longer, 
 chie" pit cue phslng ; the wall has cracked, 
 chie" thut loh lai ; the wall has tumbled down, 
 chie" hwn ; the wall is crumbling, chio" pha"; 
 the wall is not solid. hue sua sie ciah, chie" 
 cia" kit toi"; when the lime and sand have 
 formed a chemical union the wall will become 
 hard, chie" kak ; an angle in a wall. 
 
 clue" 152 An elephant. 
 792 5 chie" ge ; ivory. chie" 
 
 phue; elephant's skin, chie" phi"; the pi'oboscis 
 of an elephant, chie" no"; the elephant keeper, 
 chi chie"; to keep elephants, chie" kl ; a game 
 played with thirty-two pips on a chess-board. 
 
 Ay^ chie" 9^ To resemble; like; similar; so- 
 I^V 793 12 ci kai chie" pe le", hu kai 
 chie" bp ie"; this one resembles his father, and 
 that one resembles his mother. chie" ie" 
 
 chie" sie"; elegant and stylish ; well v. rranged ; 
 comely ; good looking. chin-chie"; like ; 
 
 similar ; resembling, chin-chie" i to se" tiang- 
 si hie°-se"; as it was when be was born. ue 
 
 lAi kio a p6" tiang-sl cu ohin-chle", kio pheng- 
 si tiang-si cu m chin-chie"; it looks as he doea 
 when he is sick, but does not resemble him 
 as he ordinarily look.s. i chin-chie" i a-kong ; 
 he is like his gi-and father. hia"-ti-kia" se" lai 
 chin-chie" chin-chie"; the two boys look very 
 much alike. chie" pe ceng; like his father's 
 family. 
 
 Lk chie" 1 To write in. 
 
 I -^ 741 2 chie" ph5 ; enter it in the 
 books. chie" sio ; enter in account. i"-keiig 
 chle"-ldh 8io-ph5; it is already entered in the 
 account book. 
 
 (|^ chio" 86 To illuminate from a light 
 Ji»> 35 9 held in the hand; to shed 
 light upon ; to dazzle. 
 
 chie" lo ; light tho path, chie" 15 si hiie-pe h(5 
 a tong-na.ng h<5 ? Which is best for lighting 
 the road, a torch or a lamp ? liam ki ciia- 
 
 ang-teng l&i chie" thoi"; light a paper tap^r to 
 see it by. khla ki teng khu chie" thoi"; take a 
 lamp and go and see. chle"-teng clile°-t«ng 
 
 thoi" tleh hph ngia; by lamplight it looks very 
 pretty. to chio", mai" puah Idh khu ; the 
 
 light dazzles one, do not fall. liam teng 
 
 khu chio' cia* chue tit tieh ; light a lamp and 
 look for it then you will find it. khla ki hue- 
 pe khu chie" th6i" ii ka-lauh td lo teng a bp ; 
 ta,ke a torch and see whether it has been 
 dropped on the road. hue sbi, chie" m hng ; 
 the light is dim and does not shine far. hue 
 khah soi, chie" m ki"; the light is so dim 
 I cannot see by it. jit-cam chle°-tieh, mSk- 
 
 ciu m ka" peh khui ; the rays from the sun 
 dazzle my eyes so I dare not open them. raak 
 chie" tieh hue, th6i-ki° ceng-ceng cam ; my 
 eyes are dazzled by the light so that I see 
 nothing but rays. 
 
 Hj^ chie* 109 To sight; to take aim. 
 ]\J^ 692 4 chie" thoi" tiii me ; take a 
 look along the edges and see if they are exact, 
 chie" tieh m tit; discovered by taking sight 
 across it that it was not straight. chie" tui i 
 kai ang-sim ; aimed at the bull's eye. chie" 
 
 tiii pa t\n-tang sia khu ; aimed at the center of 
 the target and fired. 
 
 chie" 22 An artizan ; skilled work- 
 
 968 T men. 
 
 bak-chie"; a wood-carver. llam-cui-chle" ; a 
 bricklayer. hue-chie"; a gardener. ngun- 
 chie"; a silversmith. tng sim-mih chie" ? 
 
 "What work is he skilled in ? ji-chie°; a scribe, 
 jl sia lai Iph chie"; the wi'iting is done as if by 
 a practised hand. 
 
DICTlONAlir OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 99 
 
 • — chieh — 
 
 lUl chieh 44 The Chinese foot. 
 /^ 71 1 bak chieh; a carpenter's 
 foot rale. p6 chieh ; a foot in cloth measure, 
 cok chieh ; the measure used in shoes. khek 
 chieh ; a carpenter's square. cUtii chieh ; a 
 
 tailor's measure. chieh cliun u toa soi ; feet 
 and inches are of different lengths. cap hun 
 ui cek chun, cap chun ui cek chieh, cap chieh 
 fli cek tng; ten tenths make an inch, tea 
 in(;hes make a foot, ten feet make an ell. cek 
 tn^ kui", kau chieh bp eng ; for reaching ten 
 feet a nine foot pole is useless. m kau chieh 
 chun ; not of full stature. ai" sitn-mih chieh 
 to ? What are its dimensions to be ? nie thi" 
 chieh ; a sextant. sa"-chieh hai-th6ng ; a 
 
 young lad. 
 
 chieh 177 thih-chieh ; an iron bludgeon. 
 687 9 i td bu thih-chieh khut nang 
 thoi"; he is wielding an iron bludgeon for peo- 
 ple's amusement, u nfing khia toa° thih-chieh, 
 u nang khia sang thih-chieh ; some had single 
 bludgeons, and others had one in each hand. 
 
 chieh 172 The peacock. 
 997 3 khong-chieh ; peacocks, 
 
 khoiig-chieh khui phin ; the peacock spreads 
 its tail, khong-chioli leng ; peacock's feathers, 
 khong-chieh ngan ; the eje in a peacock's 
 feather. 
 
 T^h chieh 50 A mat ; matting. 
 
 /I|I 804 7 chau chieh ; straw matting, 
 tin chieh ; rattan matting, tek chieh ; bamboo 
 matting. liang chieh ; bed mats for hot 
 
 weather. nng chieh ; flexible matting, u.sed 
 
 for wrapping bundles. chieh pau ; chieh to ; 
 straw bags. chu chau-chieh ; spread down a 
 straw mat. cq chieh ; sit on a mat. sai chieh; 
 an instructor. (In olden times a teacher sat on 
 a mat on the west side of his school-room). 
 
 — chien — 
 
 ^"f*! chien 24 A thonsand ; many. 
 
 I 980 1 m cai li, soh co thang bw-n- 
 
 chien ; did not know, but supposed he would 
 gain millions by it. 
 
 chien 162 To remove from one place 
 980 12 to another, 
 chien-i"; go elsewhere to live. chien sua"; to 
 remove a grave. koi kue, chien sien ; to 
 
 reform. chien-Ien si- jit ; to postpone the day. 
 ah-chien ; to evict, pien chien ; much changed 
 on account of removals. 
 
 eh fen 85 
 982 8 
 know the depth, 
 tions were easy 
 
 Shallow ; superficial. 
 
 m cai chim clifen ; does not 
 hak-mng chfen ; the qaes» 
 chfon kuii; superficial, 
 chfen sek ; a pale color. sim chi'on ; the 
 
 simplest. clu chien-cliien ne, sueh khut n^ng 
 thia"; explain it in just tlie easiest way. hai 
 nang put chien ; it was no slight injury. cdi 
 chien kau hd e kue khu ; the water is so 
 shallow that you can wade across. cui khah 
 chien, cun in-ho kia"; the water is too shallovr, 
 and the boats cannot run. to-tiig chien ; 
 
 shallow minded, chfen mo"; short far. 
 
 chien 18 To advance ; to progress. 
 98L 7 i kien u chien-theng a bo ? 
 Did his contributions to the support of the 
 government bring him promotion to office or 
 not ? i thang kau n ci° khu kien chien-thgng; 
 he has gained so much that he has money 
 wherewith to purchase an official position. 
 
 — chiet — 
 
 Xfjt chiet 18 Important ; urgent ; the 
 yj 976 2 entire lot. 
 chiet-\o; important, bo chiet-io; unimportant, 
 bo mih chiet-io ; of no great importance. 
 chiet-io ; there is occasion for speed. slang 
 
 chiet-io ; the most important. bo mih kwn- 
 
 chiet ; not much interested in it. chiet-sit ; 
 
 wholly sincere. khap-chiet ; irrevocable. i 
 ta" kau chiet-cheng cai ; he spoke in the most 
 cordial manner. Id chiet-chiet tieh lai ; you 
 must not fail to come. sueh lai khap-khap 
 
 chiet-chiet; it is irrevocably set forth. cek 
 chiet kai su li tit lio ; the whole matter is com- 
 pletely arranged. ci-chiet mai" go ; it is of 
 
 the utmost importance that it should not 
 miscarry. chiet co ; act with urgency. ta" 
 kau chiet cSi ; spoke with great earnestness. 
 th(5i" tieh bo chiet bo io ; considered it of no 
 importance at all. bo kai-chiet ; not urgent. 
 
 — chih — 
 
 chih 86 To scald off the hair or 
 jS 926 10 feathers, 
 khieh loh kiin cui khu chih, chih lio, mo" mang 
 cheng-khih ; take it and scald it in boiling 
 water, and then pluck out all the feathers. 
 
 chih 86 To catch fire ; to singe. 
 285 12 hue chih tieh ; it ignited, 
 than mai" cang thau-mo" khu chih hue ; do 
 not put your head so near that your hair will 
 take fire. i kai chin khut hue chih tio cek 
 
 poi" khu ; his whiskers caught fire and burned 
 off the whole of one side. 
 
 
100 
 
 DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 \J~iX ^^'^^ §^ To plunge a thing ii 
 ■i-^ 1018 "8" for tlie purpose of c< 
 
 into water 
 cooling it. 
 chiii luie-tlioa"; oxtiiiguisli cinders by plung- 
 ing them in water. khieh khi lai cQ chih loli 
 cui; as soon as you lift it off {dunge it into the 
 water. chih loh khu cu ci-ce-kie ; when you 
 plunge it in it hisscH. chih kau chph ciii sie-sie; 
 the water was heated by its being plunged in. 
 
 chih 86 To brand ; to burn in. 
 
 553 6 cang thih pu ling-fing Ifti 
 chih ; take an iron, heat it reel hot, and brand 
 it therewith. chih rod" kai in ; a branding 
 
 iron for branding animals. chih kku chiah- 
 pauh chiah-pauh ; scorched it brown. 
 
 — chim — 
 
 chira 85 Deep ; profound ; intimate ; 
 736 8 intense ; very, 
 cui bo hie" chim ; the water is not very deep, 
 ciii hoh chim ; the water is quite deep. t5-li 
 chim ; this doctrine is deep. i ji-b&k chim ; 
 
 he is a person of profound scholarship. chim 
 sek ; deej)ly tinted, chim un ; great kindness, 
 i no n&ng lo chim kau; the two are on excellent 
 terms with eacli other. chim-tira ; profound, 
 i kai k6i-m6ng chim- (im ; his plot was a deep 
 laid one. ke" chim lio ; it i.s past midnight, 
 chim k\u ; deep research. chim-chira chi'u ip- 
 cS; a very low bow. chim-au chira-au ; con- 
 cave, chim hfig; far distant. chim nang b6 
 chien gii ; deep thinkers do not make shallow 
 speeches. h'u kau chim-chim ; dig it deep, 
 
 kut chim c6 ; dig deeper, chim-au ; abstruse, 
 hd li kau chim, i7i-hp li kau chien ; be intimate 
 with the good, and hold little intercourse 
 with the bad. chiu kak khu chim c2^i ; his 
 
 enmity is very deep, chim hiSii i ; dislike him 
 greatly, thiig chim; probe deeply, chng u cek 
 chun chim ; pierced to the depth of an inch, 
 chim kku chah m cSi ; so deep I cannot touch 
 bottom. 
 
 chfm 40 To sleep. 
 
 991 11 cliim ciah m ua"; no comfort 
 either in eating or in sleeping. buang chang 
 hiii chim ; loss of food and sleep. cia" chi'm, 
 l&i chim ; the sleeping appartments for males 
 and for females. 
 
 chim 149 Sybiline ; an omen. 
 
 948 17 chim cu ; a sybiline book, 
 khieh tieh ch\m-cu ; choose an omen from a 
 sybiline book. chim-cu ti ; a plot of ground 
 
 indicated by an omen found in a sybiline 
 book. ju khieh tieh chim-cu khng kin-kin ; 
 
 keep it carefully as one would keep a hint from 
 the book of fate. 
 
 ^^ chim 41 To search for ; to explore ; 
 ■"^5^ 807 9 common, 
 chim-chue; to search for. chtm-chue m tieh ; 
 could not tind it. kun thS.u chim kuii biie ; to 
 investigate thoroughly. chim p(5 ; search for 
 treasure. chim-sie" kai nang; an ordinary 
 
 person, chim-sie" kai much; a common article, 
 chim-slo" kai su ; a frequent occurrence, chim 
 tl ; to explore the country. kau ku-a ni cia" 
 chim tieh ; found it after many years search, 
 chim-chut u kph io" kai i chut lai; found out 
 another meaning for it. 
 
 chira 9 To invade ; to usurp. 
 
 991 7 chira-thun s\o.bak ; took ille- 
 gal possession of the account books. chlm- 
 hQam keng-kai ; invaded their boundaries, 
 chim-ciam ; to usurp. chim hwt ; to invade 
 
 and chastise. 
 
 chXm 64 To take hold of for the 
 ^.^^ 1075 10 purpose of moving; to lay 
 hold of and sway ; to joggle ; to shake, 
 chim m tin-tftng; cannot stir it from its posi- 
 tion, khut i khua".khua° clilm cQ chim khi 
 lai ; let him steadily lift at it and it will move. 
 n5 n&iig khu kio i sie-hii chim; two persons 
 went to help him move it. chin-chle* saa*- 
 me" chim cieh-teng, chim tieh b6 bl bp ah ; 
 like a dragon fly laying hold of a stone half 
 imbedded in the earth for the purpo.se of lifting 
 it, the stone is not swayed at all thereby. 
 mai° chim tieh chng; do not jog the table. 
 
 mm 
 
 — chin — 
 
 chin-chio" Like, similar, resem- 
 837 bling;asif. 
 
 se" lai chin-chie"; they are much alike. cp 
 
 lai rri chin-chie"; they are very unlike, i chin- 
 chle" i ai ; he resembles his mother, thoi" tieh 
 chin-chie" chin-chie"; they appear very similar, 
 chin-chie" iTi-h<5, khi-sit hp ; it looks badly, but 
 is really excellent. chin-chie" nga kai ; like 
 a dunce. chin-chie" m hau"; appeared un- 
 
 willing. 
 
 chin 147 One's own ; akin ; kith. 
 
 991 9 bd chin ; own mother. lia 
 chin hi" thia°-ki°; I heard it with my own 
 ears. chin mak th6i''-ki°; saw it with his 
 
 own eyes. chin min kang i ta°; tell him with 
 your own mouth. cia ji si i chin pit sia k&i; 
 this was written by his own hand. chin sin 
 khu cp ; went and did it himself. ai° cp chin ; 
 are going to marry. seng chin ; to consum- 
 mate marriage. kia" chin-ngeng kai loi- 
 610 ; perform the marriage rites. si mak b6 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 101 
 
 chin ; among entire strangers. cLin kQn ; 
 
 near akin. sang chin Ip tng ; both parents 
 
 are still alive. i kio un u chin ; he is a rela- 
 tive of ours. ni'n kio i chin phai me? Are 
 you of the same blood as he ? lai chin, gua 
 chek ; relatives by blood and by marriage, 
 chin-ai ; close affection. chin-jiet ; very in- 
 timate. chin-k\vn ; relatives of another sur- 
 name, lak chin ; the domestic relationships, 
 hng chin m ju kun lin ; a near neighbour is 
 better than a remote relative. chin cie" kia 
 chin ; form a still closer relationship. chin- 
 cSa hue ; one's kin. chin ke ; one's own 
 family. chin kun ; our own sovereign, chin 
 pia"; chin teng; our own troops, tl oh i co ctik 
 mng chin ; entrust to him the business of 
 procuring a w ife for you. chin nang ; a 
 cousin, sa" hun chin kie" pat jin ; one slightly 
 akin is better than one who is not at all 
 related. 
 
 ^^ i^T chin-chai Not exact ; in general; 
 -"^^ •■ I * 956 not following any strict 
 rule or pattern ; not preci.'^e ; slightly. i si 
 chin-chai co ; he slights w hat he does. chin- 
 chai sia to ho ; to write it off almost any way 
 will do. chin-(hai thia"; listen in a hap- 
 
 hazard way. ho chin-chai i ; let him off easily; 
 do not be exacting with him. 
 
 chin 145 To give effect; to illustrate ; 
 22 16^ to show off. 
 ci ku ue si khieh lai co pue-chin kAi tie ; this 
 sentence is put in merely for effect. cang kai 
 nang lai co pue-chin ; bring a person along 
 merely for effect. cang ci kia" su chin chut 
 
 h6 kia" sii ; make use of ibis to illustrate that, 
 cang ci ku ue lai pue-chin hu ku ue ; use this 
 sentence to add to the clearness of the other, 
 cang hia lai pue-chin cia cti jii-keng hien-hin 
 chut lai ; bring that to the illustration of this, 
 and then this will more plainly appear, englai 
 co pang-chin ; use as a support or as-sistance. 
 
 n 
 
 chin 11.5 Steelyards. 
 80 ~5^ cek ki chin; the steelyaid. 
 cha-chin kau ; the hook on wooden steelyards, 
 li-chin ; money balances. chin-kua"; the bar 
 of a steelyard. chin nSu-s-ph ; the coids by 
 
 which the basin is suspended on a steelyard, 
 toa kua" chin ; large steelyards. chin-kia"; 
 
 small steelyards, tang pua" chin; scales having 
 a brass basin. chu-chin thui ; the counter- 
 poise on a steeljaid bar. si-be cl)in ; standard 
 scales. hii chin ; steelyards weighing sixteen 
 ounces to the catty. cam chin ; eighteen 
 
 ounces to the catty, hang chin; twelve ounces 
 
 to the catty. kak chii k&i chin-sek b6 miU 
 
 siang tang; the divisions of the steelyard bar 
 differ in different places. au toa chin ; weigh 
 more than full weight. eng si'am chin; use 
 
 light weights to sell by. lu kai chin tieh teng 
 hd ; adjust your scales correctly. cie"- jit kai 
 teng khu li chin-thau, kfa"-jit kAi bo chin- 
 thau ; the other day the weight was a full one, 
 but to-day there is no surplus. lu teng khji 
 a si bo, ua cf ki chin khut lu a cih ; if you 
 weigh it and find it short weight you may 
 break my steelyards. lu si boi sini-mih chin 
 sek ? By what weight do you sell it ? 
 
 m 
 
 chin 64 To weigh a thing in the 
 
 894 8 hand, 
 toa" ciah chi'u chin m khi; cannot lift it in one 
 hand so as to guess the weight, chin m phu; 
 cannot heft it. chin tieh u jieh tSng ? How 
 heavy do you find it to be when you heft it? 
 
 V/^ chin 15 Cold. 
 
 i~H 506 5 thi"-.si chin cS,i ; the weather 
 is very cold. chin kau kha-biie chfu-bue 
 
 thia"; so cold thajt it rnalres one's' toies and 
 fingers ache, chin' h'u^bg] cryld wind.' " oi chin 
 a boi ? Are you cold ? , cj'.hue 'jichin; I am 
 chilly now. ' pjQg 'chitij'cfjai ch>;f.^ iallthe 
 victuals are cold.' " "lu kai sin-hun ngA,n, m 
 h(5 ciah chin ciii ; the temperature of your body 
 is low, and you should not drink cold water, 
 chin kue pia°-sng ; colder than ice. than chin 
 ciii ciah ; take it in a little cold water. la 
 
 chin ; let it cool by standing. chin ciii pun 
 
 chin ciah ; blows cold water to make it cool 
 before drinking it ; excessively cautious, ciah 
 chin ]ing ; eat cold victuals. thi"-si kua"-ngan 
 sph-chin ; the weather is terribly cold. ciah 
 ciu lun chin ; take whiskey to fortify one's self 
 against the cold. ci kiii jit boi chin ; these 
 
 last few days it has not been so cold. chin 
 
 kau bo si bo he ; so cold as to enforce idleness, 
 huang thau l^i chin cSi ; the wind blows cold, 
 chin kau to kliiu ; so cold that he shivers, 
 chin kau hu-lu-tie; so cold that his teeth 
 chatter. chin si; intolerably cold. chin jip 
 kut ; chilled to the bone. to hu toi kp chin 
 
 chut lai ; the coldness arises from internal 
 causes. chin to ci gOa phue ; coldness of the 
 surfaces. chin kau koi-tp-phue phu; so cold 
 that goose pimples appear. pia" i kliiie chin ; 
 cool it by pouring it to and fro. tiam-kia" 
 
 tiara-kia" cia" koi chin ; put it in little by 
 little and then it will ccol quickly. phuah i 
 chin ; cool it by fanning it. khah chin tieh 
 
 khu hip sie ; if it is too cold go and warm 
 it up. 
 
102 
 
 DICTIONARt Of THE SWATOW DIAtECt. 
 
 \-^ chin 181 A statesman ; a vassal ; a 
 I i^ 20 ~0~ courtier who can speak to 
 his sovereign. 
 
 kun chin ; prince and ministers. tong-chin ; 
 loyal courtiers, cham-chin; disloyal courtiers, 
 kang-chin ; a treacherous courtier. khun 
 
 chin; the court. t5i chin; a great noble, mui" 
 chin; a petty nobleman, pwn chin; a rebelious 
 noble. liang chin ; an honorable nobleman, 
 
 hien chin; a learned nobleman. bun chin, bii 
 chin ; civil and military officers of very high 
 rank. iong chin ; mediocre statesmen, chai 
 chin ; talented statesmen, bwn-kok chin-hdk ; 
 all nations submitted. 
 
 chin 170 Old ; stale ; dried up. 
 19 8 chln-phiie; dried orange 
 peel. chln-phuo kp ; a medicinal paste made 
 from orange peel. cfa si chln-kii kfli chug bf; 
 this is old rice out of a granary. 
 
 — cbio — 
 
 ■ffflj chio 64 To mix by stirring with 
 3pf .9^ 11. the hand- 
 chio cau-cau ; mix'them ev^ly. mki" chio 
 
 khah coi cui ; do not mix iu too much water, 
 cie^^-ijeif* [cl^io. ^hu., if hah kAt; that is mixed too 
 Bti'ft." "   chio c hie h c'eytiiix it thinner. chio 
 m bAa; they will not mix by stirring. cliio 
 chph khng png khut koi clah ; stir up some 
 food for the fowls. chio cp cek e ; mix them 
 together. 
 
 i^ chfo 61 Retired ; quiet. 
 IR 972 7 ce° chfo-chi'o; without bus- 
 tle, i c6k p6i" chio-chio klm cp, bp nang cai ; 
 he went and performed his part unobtrusively, 
 so that no one knew of it. cek koi° thoi" tieh 
 cp oi ce° chi'o-chi'o ? Why is it that everything 
 appears so quiet ? 
 
 Jl5 chio 116 Partially; tolerably. 
 1ti 746 7 chi'o hd; tolerably good, 
 chfo 6i ; tolerably able, chio iS m hah ; it does 
 not exactly match. chio-chfo cp tit ; it will 
 
 barely do. chio-chio ; it will perhaps do. 
 
 i^ chfo 149 Ridicule. 
 
 P 14 952 7 ki-chio ; to ridicule. pue- 
 
 5u ki-chfo i ; jeered at him behind his back. 
 
 chio 57 Relying on force, regardless 
 366 8 of right ; strong, 
 chio hie" khi-hii phuh hie"; the powerful vill- 
 age imposes upon the weak one. i td tien 
 chio; they are making a display of their 
 forces. 
 
 IpU chio 74 A dynasty; the court; facing. 
 npsi 32 8 chio lai ; holding office under 
 government. nin cf-kp Q ti-tiang t5 chio Ifti 
 cp kua° ? Who have you from this place that 
 holds office under government ? chio-ki"; to 
 see the Emperor. cle° chio; to go to court. 
 
 c5 chio ; to give audience. png chio ; oar 
 
 dynasty. tSi cheng chio ; the Great Pure 
 
 dynasty, chio ho ; the banner of the dynasty, 
 chio pAng; an audience chamber. chio h6k ; 
 court dress. chio khau ; the examination for 
 conferring the Hanlin degree. cla"-tiin chio- 
 kang ; reform and strengthen the government, 
 cgk chio thien-c6 c6k chio chin ; each monarch 
 has his own set of ministers. sa" chio ngwn- 
 lau ; a high grandee of three reigns. tang 
 
 chio it-pfn ; those of the first rank at court, 
 cd l&m chio pak ; sit on the south side facing 
 northward. n6 nangcS sie chio; the two sit 
 facing each other. chio tui i kfti min ta' ue ; 
 faced him and spoke to him. 
 
 m 
 
 |5V» chio 80 Sick at the stomach. 
 y^'ir 1149 10 lia hu t6i li'-li chio khi lai, si 
 ki" tho k&i le"; I feel all the time as if I wore 
 about to vomit. ci kai clah li'o t(5 lai H-kwn 
 chio; since eating this my stomach is quite 
 upset. 
 
 — chioh — 
 
 chioli 109 To look around as in 
 584 6 thought, 
 rang tieh, chioh-chioh-nih, ta° bd cSk ku chut ; 
 being inquired of, he kept rolling his eyes and 
 winking, and could not think of a word to say. 
 kliu i kp ce ha" tieh, chioh-chioh-nih, cng k&i 
 boi ta°; went to his house and berated him for 
 it, and he had nothing to say, but just looked 
 thoughtfully here and there. 
 
 — chip — 
 chip 159 chip-io ; to bring together 
 985 9 the most important ; to 
 arrange the best parts > an abridged form of an 
 extensive work. lia u cek paug chip-io; I 
 
 have an abridged edition. 
 
 m 
 
 chip 120 To pursue ; to search after. 
 
 988 9 chip uak; pursue and seize, 
 chip sai ; pursue smugglers, chip-sai cun ; re- 
 venue-cutters, chip-sai kwn ; a custom house, 
 chip tit tieh, a chip m tieh ? Did you get them 
 or did you not ? che-chip; on the search, sun 
 chip; get on the trail, rait-mit ne chip; secretly 
 follow and wateh. chip chak ; in pursuit of a 
 thief. chi'a" thek-chip ; ask for a search war- 
 rant, jip thek-chip tia"; enter a complaint ask- 
 ing an investigation. chip-liah ; the seizure. 
 
DtCTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 103 
 
 — chit — 
 
 l__^ chit 1 Sfiven. 
 "T^ 987 1 chit-cap ; seventy. c&p-chit; 
 seventeen. toi" chit jit ; on the .seventh day. 
 chit tien poih tau ; at sixes and sevens. chit 
 kha-to ; a Chinese puzzle of seven pieces. co 
 chit ; to attend to the funeral rites of each 
 seventh day till the forty-niath day, after 
 which the burial takes place. 
 
 • 4J^ chit 64 To wipe with a dry cloth. 
 ii^\i 768 6 chit ta; wipe dry. 
 chit ruak-cap ; wipe away tears. chit tio eng- 
 teng ; wipe off the dust. chit phi"; wipe the 
 nose. than ciah m cai chit chui ; purloin 
 
 edibles and forget to wipe the mouth after 
 eating them. chit tio nah-sap ; wipe off the 
 dirt. khteh rain-p6 lai chit ; get a towel and 
 wipe it. 
 
 T' * -yt chit-chok The motion of walking- 
 ^ 73 chih-chok-kie; the clatter 
 
 of feet, chit-chit chok-chok kie tiii ci'-ko kiie; 
 went clattering past here. mai° kia" kau 
 
 chit-chok-kie ; do not walk noisily. chit-chit 
 chok-chok ; to scamper. 
 
 m 
 
 — chiu — 
 
 chiu 115 The autumn. 
 
 1000 4 chuu, he, chiu, tang; spring, 
 summer, autumn, and winter. lip chiu ; the 
 first day of autumn. chiu thi''-si ; in the 
 
 autumn. chiu khui ; the autumnal season, 
 
 chiu liang; autumnal coolness. chiu uu ; the 
 latter part of autumn, chiu si'm; the autumnal 
 assizes. chiu kua"; the officers of the Board 
 of Punishment. cek jit, sam chiu ; the day 
 
 seemed as long as three years. chiu-siu ; the 
 late harvest. chiu sng ; autumnal frosts. 
 
 chiu 190 Beard ; whiskers ; tassels ; 
 ^j^ 818 T2" fringes, 
 peh chiu ; gray beard. chiu chang-peh ; his 
 
 beard is hoary, o chiu ; black bearded. ang 
 chiu ; red bearded. lau chiu ; let the beard 
 
 grow, thi chiu ; to shave off the beard, khoi 
 chiu ; to trim the beard. so chiu ; to stroke 
 
 the beard, jue chiu ; to twirl the beard. lut 
 chiu ; to fondle the beard. cie" tun kai chiu 
 kie-co cie°-liam ; the beard on the upper lip is 
 called a moustache. ho-chin ; whiskers. e 
 po chiu ; the beard under the chin, no phuah 
 chiu ; moustaches. ngo p6 chiu ; moustaches, 
 side whiskers and goatee. ceng chiu ; start a 
 beard. ni chiu ; jiam chiu ; dye the beard, 
 
 chiu hi-hi ; his beard is very thin, chiu khah 
 
 c&k; his beard is too thick. chia kiie 11am a 
 m kuo liara ? Do the moustaches join in the 
 middle of the upper lip or not? chiu laa khi 
 l&i ngia cSi, cheng-siu cheng-siu ; his beard is 
 very handsome and of just the right thickness, 
 chiu lau kill lai k'lah se° suah ; his beard gives 
 him too fierce a look. ngio u chiu; cats have 
 whiskers. cai chiu ; to put on a false beard, 
 hue-sim kiii chiu | the stamens of a flower, 
 b^h-sui chiu ; the awn of wheat. he" chiu ; 
 
 the feelers of a prawn, chuah tieh i kAi chiu ; 
 jerked his beard, kiii tio ka-cuah chiu ; has a 
 few spears of beard, like a cockroach. bp 
 
 chiu ; the tassel on a hat. cSk phau chiu ; a 
 
 tassel. si phau chiu kie ; a sedan with tassels 
 at its four corners. nie-sua° ai c6 cek in chiu, 
 a no in chiu ? Do you wish the parasol to have 
 one row or two rows of fringe on it ? hu biie 
 tue cek phau chiu ; tliere is a tassel on the 
 end of it. sang kha sang chiu coi kai tek-sut; 
 a cricket with legs and antennae of the same 
 length. chiu 18, tieh cii sie k3, ; they joined 
 
 their antennae and fought. 
 
 ^Tt chiu 18 The beginning of the month. 
 "T/J 91 5 chiu it; the first day of the 
 month. chiu sun ; the first ten days of the 
 
 month. S.U kfii gueli chiu ; during the first 
 third of month after next. 
 
 M^ chiu 154 To redeem ; to take out 
 Mp^ 781 15 of pawn ; to ransom, 
 chi'u raueh-kia"; to take a thing out of pawn, 
 chiu nang ; ransom a person. chiu-tng cek 
 
 chph chang-hng; lift a mortgage from fields, 
 ci koi" chu lia ai° kio i chiu, i ra hau°; I wished 
 to take up the mortgage on this house but he 
 would not consent to it. chiu khi lai, eng 
 
 jieh coi lai cl°? What will be the interest to be 
 paid in taking up the mortgage ? khah mang 
 khu chiu ciu tng khu; if you defer the redemp- 
 tion of the property too long, it will become 
 the property of the occupant. 
 
 B-li chiu 209 To sneeze, as one does with 
 5r/L 417 ~2 a cold in the head, 
 lia thia'-ki" oi phah ak-chiu, khi si thong li'o ; 
 I hear him sneezing, and so he can now breath 
 through his nose. i chi'u-chiu-kie, cek lien 
 
 cii phah ku-a kai ka-thi; he kept sneezing, and 
 sneezed several times in succession. 
 
 Sffl chiu 164 Abominable. 
 1% 52 10 mS,u°-chiu ; ugly, chiu-lo; 
 ill-looking, chiu su; disgraceful conduct. 
 
104 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THIi SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 ^P^ chin 64 Tlie hand ; the arm. 
 ' J 754 cek ciah clii'u ; one hand, 
 
 sang chiu klileh ; take it in both hands. iu 
 
 chiu ; cia" chi'u ; tlie right hand. c<5 clii'u ; to 
 chfu ; the left hand. chiu e ; dependents, 
 
 chfu e hvvn u kiii kai a ti ; he ha.i several 
 brothers younger than he. chiu cie" hwn u a 
 hia" me ? Have you any brothers older tlian 
 yourself ? thoi° tieh b6 nang t6, ciu loh chiu ; 
 seeing that there was no one else present they 
 attacked him. khui chiu ; to begin work, 
 
 chiu peh iri khui; lie cannot open his hand, 
 khi chiu ; to raise the hand. tl-tlang soi" khi 
 chiu ? Who first lifted his hand ? kd chiu ; 
 vote by show of hands. kii chiu bo iiue <&i 
 
 clang hu ; when it is once set! led there is to be 
 no retraction. chiu cie"; chiu tdi ; the palm 
 
 of the hand. chiu-t-ng-thau ; chiu cdi°; chiu 
 biie ; the fingers. poi" ktiu chiu ; to put one's 
 hands behind one. chiu-cng-thau chun chut 
 lai io u tng id ; all the fingers are not of the 
 same length ; all people cannot be equals, 
 biia chiu phue kai ( i"; money that is hardly 
 earned. chiu-toi hiiii ; the lines in the palm, 
 chiu cok ; hand and foot; bi-olhers. chiu-cng- 
 kah ; finger nails. chiu-c6i"-cak ; finger joints, 
 chiu-thiig; the elbow. chiu-wt ; the wrist, 
 
 chiu-mfik ; the wrist bone. A cSh chiu-kut ; to 
 brenk the arm. a chiu-kut k&i ci"; money 
 
 gotten by very hard work. chiu-pi ; the arm. 
 chiu-pi-pa ; the fore-arm. chiu khun ; the fist, 
 chiu ngan; his hands are cold, liah i lai phah 
 chiu-toi; seize him and ferule him. phah 
 
 chiu khiin ; to box. iu chiu han" 6i"; the idler 
 loves to loaf. sok chiu ; chah chiu ; to fold 
 
 the arms. khang i kai chiu ; take hold of his 
 hand and lead him. sie khang chiu ; to clasp 
 hands. chiu goi ; handicraft. peh chiu sia ; 
 wrote it off hand. co-chiu cp lai h<5 cJii ; the 
 workmanship is very fine. sim si kek chiu ; 
 it is very difficult to do. sa" ciah chiu ; a 
 
 shop lifter. sun chiu khieh lai ; bring it as 
 
 you come along. cek chiu kiie cek chiu; to 
 
 pass from hand to hand. kau ci-ko lfi,i u ngo 
 lak chiu ; it has passed through several hands 
 before. e-chiu seug cie"-chiu ; the subor- 
 
 diuate becomes the superior. kue chiu ; to 
 
 transfer. thau m kue chiu ; did not succeed 
 in stealing it. lia m chap chiu ; I had noth- 
 ing to do with it. mai" lai chap kha chap 
 chiu; do not meddle in it in any way. kok chiu; 
 a great doctor. lau chiu ; an old hand, che" 
 chiu; a raw hand, sek chiu; an expert, ie chiu; 
 to make the gesture which indicates negation, 
 iah chiu ; to beckon. chun chiu ; to stretch 
 forth the hand. khue chiu; a withered arm. 
 ci ciah chiu boi tin-tSng ; I cannot move this 
 
 arm. soi" khi chfu ui khiang, mang khi chia 
 can iang; who first begins overcomes, who last 
 begins comes to grief. cang chiu t<5 pi ; is 
 
 gesturing. cp chiu hi ; dress the hands and 
 
 u.se them in performing as puppets. i kam 
 
 tk° si cap chiu poih kieh ; he would make you 
 believe he is a monster. mia" chiu ; a famous 
 workman. hiit-chiu ; the five fingered citron, 
 called Buddha's hand, phong chiu; to join the 
 palms of the hands. i k&i chiu id phah pa- 
 
 cie"; he is clapping his hands. kde klia kiie 
 chiu ; it is in the way. tin kha tin chiu ; 
 
 make room for work. thdi" tieh si cek chia 
 
 pit; I should think it all the same hand writing, 
 sit chfu ka-lauh khu ; let it fall from his hand, 
 chin-lap ; chiu-thau ; gloves. chiu-kun ; a 
 
 handkerchief. chiu-p6 ; a napkin. chin- 
 hwn ; a bracelet. chiu-cak ; a finger ring. i 
 kili chiu kua kai pang^i; he wears a thumb 
 ring. chiu kua t&ng-cdi"; wearing a brass 
 
 thimble, chiu teng ; .i hand lamp. chiu-ng ; 
 sleeves. chiu-fig khau ; the cuff of a sleeve, 
 lilu chiu-cng-kali ; let the nails grow long. i 
 kai chiu-ceng si cie°-se"; that is the sort of 
 work he does. kah nfing kah nfing kai chia 
 si; each person's handiwork is peculiar to him- 
 self, m khe'ng pkng chiu ; would not let go. 
 bo kp h<$ lira chfu ; nothing to use as a rest for 
 the hands. 6ng tieh khah dn chiu ; too 
 
 difficult to handle. ti" kha, cak chiu ; an 
 
 entanglement; encumbrances. tim chiu kfti 
 16i-.';io ; the custom of shaking hands. sang 
 chiu ip-cft ; to shake hands in Chinese fashion. 
 
 chiu 64 To scour ; to scrub. 
 |^,|> 040 14 eng sua chiu cxa" cheng- 
 khih ; scour it with sand and then it will be 
 clean. chiu khi; to brush the teeth. chiu 
 kut-kut ; scour it smooth. chiu kiig-kng ; 
 
 scour it bright. chiu kau peh-peh ; scour it 
 
 white. chiu kau poh-sph-peh ; scrub it till it 
 is of snowy whiteness. chiu khu tng tfam 
 
 nah-sap ; scrub it till there is not the least 
 speck of dirt left on it. chiu s6i ; scrub with 
 water, chiu hiang-piii-cSu; .scrub it with soap- 
 berries, much se" iu, chiu te-kho cia" chiu tit 
 khu; it is oily, scrub it with tea-seed-cake and 
 you can scrub it clean, cai chiu ke kue; scour 
 it over again. chiu m khu ; cannot scrub it 
 
 off. chiu tit khu ; can scrub it off. chiu 
 
 phua khu ; scrubbed it into pieces. chiu kau 
 chiu sng; scrubbed till my hands were tired. 
 
 'JT^^ chiu 30 To sell; to dispose of. 
 
 pl| 256 8 hwt chiu ; to be disposed of. 
 u lai mong mueh chut chiu ; a certain thing ia 
 now in market, chin-boi ; sell off. 
 
DICTIONART OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 105 
 
 Ixt cilia 81 To imprison ; a prisoner. 
 \^ 811 T chlu-hQara ; a felon. cblu- 
 kim ; to imprison. 
 
 chlu 164 To repay ; f o requite ; re- 
 61 6 conipeiise. 
 chlu un ; to return a favor, chiu sia ; to return 
 thanks, especially by a return present. clitu- 
 tap tfii un ; acknowledge a great favor. cliiu 
 sin CO hi ; acknowledge the favor of the gods 
 by giving a theatrical performance. eng-chiu 
 toa ; make large compensation. cliiu-lau ; a 
 reward of merit. 
 
 yMt chiu 9 Enmity ; to revenge. 
 ■|/« 62 2 chiu-jin; an opponent, chiu- 
 t^k ; an enemy. kak chiu ; mutual enmity. 
 cla" chiu ; take vengeance. hiap Lun s6ng 
 
 chiu ; to settle a blood feud. | o-chiu ; to re- 
 taliate. Un cang chiu pp; return evil for good. 
 hiap chiu ; take I'evenge. ti chiu ti hun ; leads 
 to enmity and hatred. wn-chiu ; a grudge. 
 
 chin-Lun; to detest. si-chiu ; hereditary 
 
 enmity. 
 
 j^^ chiu 75 A tree. 
 XS-J 777 12 c§k carg chiu ; one tree, 
 chiu sin ; the trunk of a tree. chiu ki, chiu 
 
 hieh, chiu kun, chiu-phue; the branches, leaves, 
 roots, and bark of a tree, chiu biie, chiu kha; 
 the top and the foot of a tree, chiu thau ; the 
 Btump of a tiee. toa chiu, chiu kia"; old trees 
 and saplings. chiu-lim ; a grove. ko chiu ; 
 dwarfed trees. chiu ni ; ihe resin or gum 
 
 of trees. ciap chiu ; to graft trees. chiu- 
 bak; shrubbery, u c&ng toa cheng-chiu hp cia 
 im ; there is a large banyan to shade them, 
 chiu toa pun a ; the tree grows and puts forth 
 branches. 
 
 — chng — 
 
 chng 104 A sore ; an ulcer. 
 116 10 chng-kliau ; the visible 
 part of a sore. se" chng ; has sores. thau- 
 mo" tieh chiang Foi, cia" hoi ."^e" chng; the hair 
 must be regularly washed Ihen you will not 
 have an ulcerated scalp. chng kit phi; the 
 
 Boro is forming a scab. chng-khau kai phi 
 
 bue hp peh lio ; the scab must not yet be 
 picked off the sore. chng-khau un khu 
 
 khuah ; the sore has gradually spread. lang 
 tleh chut cheng-chp, cia" hp eng ieh khu siu 
 chng - khau ; the pus must all exude, then 
 medicine may be used to dress the sore, khah 
 me" siu chng-khau ; healed the sore too soon, 
 chng-khau chut lang, chut biie cheng-chd; the 
 pus has not yet ceased to form in the sore, 
 chng-khau cong-ku boi siu-bua; the sore 
 
 never heals up. siu-bua li'o ciu kit phi ; when 
 it heals, a scab will form. chng-khau chle" 
 
 bue-nek ; proud flesh has appeared in the sore, 
 chng-khau pheng-hok li'o ; the sore is already 
 well. chng-khau chwn-ju li'o ; the ulcer is 
 
 healed. chng ieh ; salve for ulcerated scalp, 
 peh t&k chng; malignant white ulcers. teng 
 chng; small projecting ulcers. ciang-14i ci 
 
 kai chng-khau ka" tieh phiia kia"; this ulcer 
 will leave a scar. 
 
 >^y- chng 9 A granary. 
 ^^ 949 8 chng-pS,ng; a storehouse, 
 chek-chng; a granary. khui chng cin-ci; 
 
 open the public granary to save the people 
 from starvation. kau mong jit ciu huang 
 
 chng ; on that day the granaries will be closed 
 and sealed. tiah chek jip chng; buy in 
 
 paddy at the granary. ngi chng; a granary 
 from which food is dispensed to the poor. 
 chng kam-tok; an overseer of public granaries, 
 chng ngau ; bins in a granary. chng bi; 
 
 garnered rice. cie" chng ; guard the granary, 
 jip chng; take into the gianary. did chng 
 
 kho ; examine the stores in a granary. 
 
 chng 137 The compartments of a 
 960 10 boat, 
 cun chng ; the hold of a ship, than chng, biie 
 chng, tang chng; ihe three hatches. khui 
 
 chng ; begin to unlade the cargo. huang 
 
 chng; seal up the hatches. loh chng toi ; put 
 down into the hold. cho loh kau cek chng; 
 fill the hold with it. 
 
 tLJ* chng 75 A hamlet; afarm.stead; 
 TJ 1020 3 hie" chng; a small village, 
 clmg hu ; a countryman. chng cng ; a hamlet. 
 sa° ke chng; a farmstead. 
 
 ^ti chng 116 To perforate, to bore, to 
 :^P 119^ 4 string, 
 chng gu phi"; pierce the nose of an ox to pre- 
 pare it for the leading string. chng hi ; to 
 pierce the ears. chng ci"; to string cash, 
 chng cek choi" cek choi"; string them so as to 
 have a thousand on each string. chng tio 
 foh kiie khu ; run a string through it. chng 
 m jip ; cannot perforate it. chng m kvie ; 
 the string will not go through. chng cek 
 pak cu ; string a string of beads. chng 
 cam ; to thread a needle. u si tio hixa," ciu 
 chng m kue ; sometimes the thread will not go 
 through because it is too large. to gd-n ng 
 lai chng-chng chah-chah ; gees in and out in a 
 familiar way at the yamun. i mia°-ke cSi, tl 
 kia" tu to chng-chah tit jip; he is very expert 
 in getting any Bort of case put through. 
 
106 
 
 DIOTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALeCT. 
 
 tfill chng 18 To prick ; to thrust into ; 
 
 ^1^'J 1035 6 to stab, 
 kia" cling ; to assassinate. chng kheh ; an 
 
 assassin, chng-siu ; to embroider, ki-chng i ; 
 to taunt him. clinjf-su; a sub-prefect. chng 
 fif i ; stabbed and killed him. chng kku haeli 
 l&u ; stabbed so as to draw blood. toi" cJli, 
 
 chng rii jip ; it is very solid, I cannot drive the 
 kniie in. cam chng tieh chi'a ; thrust a needle 
 into his hand. i7i cai than, kliut cam chng 
 
 t!eh ; inadvertently got pricke«l by the needle, 
 chng cili kliU ; broke it by the thrust. chng 
 kau chap-chap-chui ; broken into fragments by 
 the thrust. chie" li-li chng; continuous 
 
 thrusts from spears. 
 
 chng 75 A table ; a stand. 
 82 6 i" chn^ ; a round table, si- 
 eien-chiig ; a square table, for only four sitters, 
 poih sien clina^; a large square table, for eight 
 sitters. chiii^-kui"; a table with drawers, i"- 
 chng slen-cf ie"; an oval table. ki-clin.j ; a long 
 narrow table. ke chn;; ; a low tnble. vhh^ 
 
 .n An 
 
 p6i ; an oblong table. chng ki'a ; a small 
 
 table. cl>ng i" mueh-kia"; furniture. tOa 
 chak chng; a large lacquered table. ua"-chng; 
 a judge's bench. 
 
 Iju chng 63 A bedsteod. 
 /'^l^ 115 4 miii-chng; a bedstead. cSk 
 tie" toa rain-chng; a large double bedstead. 
 tOa chng chieh ; a mat for a double bedstead, 
 miu-cliiig pang; the bed boards. niin-cling 
 
 phin; the head and foot boards, min-chn*'- kfii 
 ti-tu teng ; the frame of a tester. niln-chn'' 
 
 hue"; the braces between the posts of a bed- 
 stead, min-ehng thek si hd peh-cie" rain-chn"'; 
 the rungs of a bedstead assist one in climbing 
 into the bed. chak min-chng ; a lacquered 
 bedstead. tin toi rain-chng; a bedstead with 
 a rattan bottom. khang chng; a divan. ji 
 chng; a medium sized bedstead. sa" ho rain 
 chng ; a small bedstead. chng pho ; bed and 
 beddiTig. cie" chng; go to bed. jit tang ciah, 
 mS° tang chng; raessmates and bed-fellows. 
 ua° chng; set up a bridal couch, pang to rain- 
 chng kha; put it by the bedstead, ut to min- 
 chiig ki"; slept on the edge of the bedstead. 
 
 chng 157 To sit on the heels; to 
 
 1021 12 squat, 
 chng kau kha sng; squatted till his legs ached, 
 to hu chie" pi" to chng ; squatting by the wall, 
 koi to chng ; the hen is squatting. phah kau 
 i boi chng boi khia; beat him so he can neither 
 squat nor stand. chng-phiu puah loh khu ; 
 
 tipped over backwards in squatting down. 
 
 m 
 
 — cho — 
 
 oho n9 Coarse ; rough. 
 
 1008 5 cho iu"; coar.se and fine, 
 cho liap ; coar-se grains. p6 cho; the cloth 
 
 is coarse. lu si boi cho p6 a si boi iu° p6 ? 
 
 Do you sell coarse or fine cloth ? cho ciah ; cho 
 khau ; coarse food, mo" cho tio ; its hair is 
 
 coarse. clio-.s6k nang ; a vulgar person, cho- 
 mdng; rude ; unpolished. cho phue ; a coarse 
 complexion. cho kang-hu ; rudely con- 
 
 structed, cp lai khah cho ; it is too roughly 
 made, cho-cho ue ; coarse language, cho cai 
 td-li ; partly understood doctrines. cho sira ; 
 heedle.ss. cho sirn, ta' toa; rash and bold, 
 
 tam kui lam o, hi kui hi cho; when salt 
 is dear it is black, and when rice is dear it is 
 coarse. 
 
 B^ clio 180 The flesh next the skin. 
 f]^% 903 9 cho-li; the fiber or brawn, 
 ci kai pe° t6 chb-U, io chien ; this disease is iu 
 the muscle, and is not deep-seated, i kfti chi- 
 li cH kliui cu k5i kdm tteh huangsia; when 
 the pores are open one is more easily affected 
 by harmful winds. 
 
 chh 164 Vinegar; pickle. 
 Ir 1008 8 c6t.bi cho; vinegar made 
 from glutinous rice. kie° cho; spiced pickle, 
 sng cho; sour pickle. ieh cho; medicated 
 
 vinegar, hu-.se" cho; the pickle of mashed fish, 
 cho tih ; a pickle dish, suah cho ; season with 
 vinegar. tham cho; add ingredients to make 
 more vinegar, cho the ; the mother in vinegar, 
 cho koi ; animalcules in vinegar. co cho ra 
 
 sng; 3-our vinegar has no sourness. ciu ch6 
 
 kia", rain khiia" mla"; one who can make good 
 vinegar, need not cast horoscopes to ascertain 
 his luck. 
 
 cho 15 A concurrence of circura- 
 963 9 stances ; to gather, 
 cho kha ; cho khi'o ; a fortunate coincidence, 
 cho kau sio ; just enough for the occasion, 
 cho-cip CO cek e ; casually collected together, 
 cho ngo da lai ; just as I was coming. cho ili 
 kau ; happened to be insufficient. cho sio ; 
 
 happened to be enough. khieh lai sie cho ; 
 
 bring it and put it in with the others. cho 
 
 tieh lia iTi 6i°; it happened that I was not just 
 then at leisure. ci pha" cho, m pha" to ; tear 
 only a concurrence of circumstances other than 
 what is expected. cho coi ; accidentally 
 
 assembled. 
 
DtGTiONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALeCT. 
 
 107 
 
 ^tH: 
 
 t^ ch6 61 Moarnfui ; grieved. 
 % 963 y cli6 bai pnt ti'en ; lowering 
 eyebrows. ia-cbo ; sorrowful. cli6-bun ; 
 
 melancbolj. sio ch6; assuage grief, cho-iong 
 mua" miu ; a rueful face. 
 
 — choi — 
 
 eboi Rice flour. 
 
 590 ceng cboi *, to make rice flour 
 
 — clioi" — 
 j-^ cboi° 24 A thousand. 
 
 "I 980 1 csip peh kie-co cgk choi"; 
 
 ten hundreds are called one thousand. choi" 
 Bua" bvvn cui ; over innumerable mountains 
 and seas ; very far off. klieng cok clioi" cbiu ; 
 congratulate the empress on her birthday, 
 choi" li be; a swift courier. choi" kim boi 
 
 chii, bwn kim boi lin; thousands of dollars may 
 buy a house, but millions of dollars will not 
 secure good neighbours. choi^-bvyn m ho 
 
 khu ; beyond all doubt, it is inexpedient to go. 
 
 choi" 118 A small broom ; to scrub 
 
 801 6 with a broom. 
 tek-c;h6i°; a bamboo broom. siu-choi"; a stiff 
 broom, choi" cheng-khih ; scrub it clean with 
 a broom. koi-mo" choi"; a feather brush, 
 
 cang choi"; a coir broom. hi" ch6i"; an ear 
 
 bruslj. choi" piig-loi ; scour the skimmer, 
 
 choi" thun ; the annual house-cleaning. 
 
 choi" 64 To scratch for food. 
 32 4 kio koi pe"-ie", lu choi" cu 
 bo ciah ; is like the fowls, that must either 
 scratch or go without food. koi (p choi" tho- 
 e; the hen is scratching the ground for food. 
 
 >fy^ choi" 61 To inspirit; to incite; to 
 /\^\ 1023 11 urge on; to stir up; to arouse, 
 si i choi" i khu cp ; it was he who put him up 
 to do it. ua png-png m lai, si khut i choi" 
 
 kau thiam cia" lai ; 1 should not have come of 
 myself, but I was pestered so constantly by him 
 that I came. lu ho choi" i na kp ; you should 
 urge him to stay there. 
 
 ^^^ choi" 142 Silk-worms. 
 JKK 947 18 choi" ke" si ; silk- worms 
 spin silk. choi" si ; the silk spnn by silk- 
 
 worms. ch6i"-k6i"; cocoons. choi" tau ; the 
 chrysalis. choi" iah ; the moth. ch6i"nng; 
 the eggs. ci khi choi" lo toa tio ; this sort of 
 silk-worm is large. choi" ciah sng-siii hieh ; 
 silk-worms feed on mulben-y leaves. chi 
 
 choi"; to keep silk-worms, ju choi" ciah hieh ; 
 like the consumption of mulberry leaves by 
 silk-worms. p choi" bai ; beetling eyebrows. 
 
 u 
 
 — choih 
 
 choih 85 To weep silently, to sob, to 
 6 catch the breath as in 
 
 \h^ 396 
 
 sobbing. 
 
 i choih mih su ? What is she crying about? 
 khau kau choih ; wept so violently as to sob. 
 khau hiah hvvn-lio id choih; after he had 
 stopped crying he still continued to sob. 
 
 — chok — 
 
 chok 148 To excite ; to stir up ; to 
 99 18 offend, 
 chok tieh i kai no ; excited his wrath. chok 
 tieh i se" khi; made him angry. chok m^k 
 
 kia" sim ; arouse tiie attention in such a way 
 as to excite fear. chok-khi i kai sie"-thaa ; 
 
 arouse his attention, chok-keng se"-ch6ng ; to 
 irritate. chok huam ; to sin willfully, chok 
 tieh ciu khi ; if you touch upon that he be- 
 comes angry. 
 
 chok 62 A stamp ; a die ; a seal. 
 ^/^ 84 14 khap chok ; affix a stamp, 
 kip cek kai chok pun i ; gave him something 
 to use as a stamp. to kua" kp nia k4i chok ; 
 received a stamp at the magistrate's office, 
 tia" a-si bp khap chok, kua" in kheng siu ; the 
 magistrate will not receive a paper which has 
 no stamp upon it 
 
 chok 
 
 82 
 uah chok ; caught alive. 
 
 64 To gripe; to seize. 
 
 7 chok liah ; to gripe firmly. 
 
 ^ 
 
 chok 9 To constrain ; to urge. 
 
 1015 7 kek chok ; to press urgently, 
 pek chok ; to hurry. kek-kek chok-chok ; 
 
 much straightened. kek-kek chok-chok to cp 
 bp hp much ; a fine piece of work cannot be 
 done in haste. si-hau khah pek-chok ; the 
 
 time is too short. mai" khah tp-chok ciu hp ; 
 if not too hurried, it may be done. 
 
 }^& chok 157 To contract the brows. 
 J<^ 1014 11 sang bai co-ni chok-chok ? 
 Why do you frown so ? hwn-lp kau sang b§,i 
 chok cp cek e ; so sad that his eyebrows were 
 di-avvn together, bai-thau ce chok, sim ISi ciu 
 phah tia" cu-i; with one contraction of the 
 eyebrows, his mind is fully made up. 
 
 — chong — 
 
 ■rfjH chong 128 Intelligent; clear headed. 
 •n>li»> 1024 11 chong-meiig, ti-hui ; clear 
 headed and sagacious. hi" chong, niak rn 
 
 meng ; has good hearing but dim eyesight. 
 
108 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 wUr cliong 10 To fulfill ; to act in the 
 y\mA 109 "3 place of; to become, 
 chong-mlia"; chorig-cok ; to fill up. chong 
 
 korig ; becorae public property. cliong-tng 
 
 clie-hiah ; act as constable. phoi" i khu kliaa 
 gua chong-kun ; bani.slied beyond the frontier 
 to become a camp-follower. ke cboiig kua"- 
 tfe"; as.sume tbe style of an official. seng 
 
 chong ; discharge the duties of an office. i si 
 chong ti n&ng kai khueh ? "Whcse place is he 
 filling? 
 
 Vn| chong 15 To rise up ; to rush upon ; 
 • I 109 4 to pour hot water upon and 
 
 infuse. 
 
 chong thi"; to rise up to the heavens. wn-kh\ 
 chong thi"; his wrath waxed so as to fill the 
 sky. DO hwt chong kwn ; in his anger his 
 
 hair rose on end so as to lift his cap. chong 
 thi" tit pue ; can fly into the clouds. i ka" 
 
 toaphitbe tit-tit chong-jip chfik !a" ISi ; he 
 daied to rush alone straight into the enemy's 
 camp. chong pliua khu ; rushed against and 
 broke it. kfa"-jit kai jit-ci' sie chong; to-day 
 will be untoward. si-jit sit chong; tlie time 
 is adverse. chong tieh i kai pfig mla"; un- 
 
 favorable to his own fate. chong cQang ; to 
 disagree with, la" ue chong tieh i ; said what 
 offended him. chong ceng te lai ciah ; infuse 
 a cup of tea to drink. chong choh ngS-hiin ; 
 ninke some arrow-root porridge. chong ieh- 
 buah ; steep medicinal powder. chong chph 
 nek-kiii ; steep some cinnamon. chong s&i- 
 
 pia ; pour hot water on dried persimn)ons. i 
 kai bi ciu chong khi lai ; its flavor escapes in 
 tlie steam ri.sing from it. hiie-kuang chong 
 
 thi"; the fire illuminates the sky. in chong 
 
 khi lai ; the steam rises. chong l&i rn sek ; it 
 is not steeped enough, chong ci'u, chong ciii ; 
 steeped in wine or water. 
 
 ^5y chong 61 Hurried ; agitated. 
 ^Li> 1024 5 lu chong-chong ai" khif. il 
 ko ? What are you going in such haste ? cek 
 f-i chong-chong put kip kio lu ta°; the time is 
 too hurried for me to tell you about it now. 
 Id mai° chong-chong marg-mfing, khua°-khua" 
 li ; do not be in haste about it, arrange it at 
 your convenience. 
 
 nyn chong 61 Sorrowful ; mourning. 
 IT^ 109 4 i ci hue kai sim chong- 
 chong; at this time her heart is very sad. 
 
 J^l chong 120 chong-ti"; to bother, to 
 
 JyJ 414 2 perplex, to entangle. 
 
 i cong-ku. \6 chong-ti" i ; she is always bother- 
 
 ing him. chong-ti" kau nang kang-kho cSi j 
 involved to such an extent as to be greatly 
 distressed. chong-chong li'-ti'; much ham- 
 pered . 
 
 /-L.> chdng 46 To reverence ; to approach 
 pT> 110 8 with respect, i cun-ch6iig 
 i CO 16a; he treats him within the respect due 
 a superior. 
 
 chong 60 To follow ; to comply with ; 
 1024 8 from ; whence ; since, 
 thia' ch6ng; heedfully regard. sQn chong; 
 
 obediently follow, sin cliong; trustfully follow, 
 cun ch6ng; respectfully follow. tue chdng; 
 
 follow on behind. chong nieng ; follow his 
 
 instruclionH. chOng leng ; follow orders, i si 
 ch6ng 11 cek ka ? Of what sect is he ? chong 
 sim i-6 tii"; follow his own wishes. b6 chong 
 jlpchiu; there is no way to carry it out. lu ki' 
 chdng ua a iti ? Are you going to comply with 
 my wishes or not ? jlm chdng lu ; do as you 
 like. khut chdng; coniply by constraint, 
 
 ngwn chdng; willing compliance. sam chdng 
 si-tek to ke chong pe, chut ke chdng hu, hu 
 sf chdng cd : hti-jin s\ tek, iong-raSu, kang-hu, 
 ta"-Qe, pin-heng; the three feminine duties 
 are to obey one's father before marriage, to 
 obey one's husband after marriage, and to obey 
 one's son in widowhood : the four feminine 
 virtues, are neatness in dre.ss, diligence in work, 
 carefulness in speech, and propriety in conduct. 
 cQ chdng ua lai kau la"; from the time when I 
 came until now. chdng kirn i" Su ; from this 
 time forth, chdng iTi pat cW-se"; it has never 
 been so before. chdng f-oi kau Ida; from in- 
 fancy to age. Ill chdng ti-kp Ifti ? Where do 
 you come from ? ai° chdng tl-ko khu ? Where 
 are you going ? chdng-clidng iong-iong; tin- 
 embarrassed. chdr.g-iong ce ; give a little 
 
 more freedom, chdng lu kai j ; follow your 
 
 idea. i"-keng chdng liang lio ; has already 
 
 reformed. chdng tSng ng: cQe ; judge the 
 
 offense severely. thi" m chdng nang ngwn ; 
 
 heaven does not comply with human wishes, 
 chdng ll-kai sl-han cie"-se" ? Since what time 
 has it been thus ? chdng tl-ko thdi' 
 
 chut? At what point did you discover this? 
 chdng ll-kai sin-se° thak-cu? With what tea- 
 cher did you study ? lu kim-ni t<5 chdng tl- 
 tiang ? Whose school do you attend this year ? 
 chdng-chli ciu siang-hp ; since that time they 
 have been on good terms with each other, 
 chdng th&u kau biie ta° ua thia"; relate it to 
 me from the beginning to the end. chdng 
 
 gua phah jip ; go in from the outer surface, 
 chdng lai hwt chut ; springs up from the 
 
DICTIONARY OP THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 109 
 
 interior portions. ch6ng liu toi khi lai ; 
 
 comes up from the bottom of it. cliong ( u-ce 
 l&i ; came from school, chong soi u toa ; great 
 results from small beginnings. chong-coi" si 
 co-ni ? How was it formerly ? chong-ko bue u 
 kki ; there never before was any such thing, 
 chong-ko iTi pat th6i"-ki"; never saw it before, 
 chong kui° thoi" ke ; look down from a great 
 height. tiie chong i kai ie"; follow his ex- 
 
 ample, chi mng lu kai sin chong ti-ko lai ; 
 
 ask you to consider whether you are doing 
 your duty to those who bore you. chong-lai 
 bo kai ; there has been none such hitherto, 
 chong-lai ; heretofore. chdng-coi"; aforetime, 
 chong ko ; from olden times. chong kira i" 
 
 fiu Id tieh oh ho ; henceforth you must learn to 
 do well. ch6ng lu ciu si ; that is what I will 
 do, I will comply with your wishes, bp chong 
 cu kui ; the mother is ennobled through her 
 son. chong sien ju liu ; follows righteousness 
 as water its channel, chong piie-Su khu thoi"; 
 looking backward. 
 
 cho 140 Strong smelling vegetables ; 
 
 268 9 all meats included among 
 those forbidden to those who fast. 
 lu ciah ce a ciah chp ? Are you a vegetarian or 
 do you eat all sorts of food ? phi" tieh chau 
 cho ; smelled a strong savour. cia pia" si ce 
 
 kai a chp kai ? Have these cakes any animal 
 fat in them ? i ciah ce, mai° raak tieh chp ; he 
 is a vegetarian, so do not put iu what he can- 
 not partake of. 
 
 ^tI chp 18 At the first ; in the beginning- 
 'iVv 91 T ua t§.ng hti chp-chp ciu kio 
 lu ta"; I told you so in the very beginning, lu 
 tng clip cp-ni fa" ? What did you say in the 
 beginning? chp hwt; at the opening. chp 
 lai ; the new comer, chp oh ; the new scholar, 
 chp se°; the first born. cho khui po-thau ; a 
 
 newly opened port. a chp kp; this raw hand, 
 chp ni ; in the first years. chp-thau-e ; at the 
 commencement. kia° leng cu chp ; at the first 
 promulgation of the order. 
 
 1^ chp 140 Rough, hasty, careless ; the 
 - ' l' ^ 956 ~6~ running hand ; a rough copy 
 or original draft. 
 
 Bia chp ji ; write the running hand. l<?-ch(5 ; 
 rough, careless, slight, tieh kang-hu cp, mai° 
 lp-ch6 ; must do it neatly, and not slight it. 
 i kai khang-khue l<5-ch(5 cai ; his work is done 
 without pains. ch(5 kp ; the rough di-aft. 
 
 jeng cua khi chp ; the original draft of an 
 essay or document, cin ch(5 put bii ; the copy 
 and the original do not agree. phah chd ; 
 
 make a rough draft, 
 
 i/Ty* chd 76 Distress ; completed. 
 yAi^ £4 "9^ kh6-ch(5; anguish. slam 
 
 tit cf k&i kh6-chp ; cannot endure this agony, 
 cheng-chd ; done. cheng-cheng ch(5-chp ; all 
 finished up. H cheng chd ; completely ar- 
 
 ranged, tang 8oi° tk" cheng-ch<5 ; it was all 
 talked over and settled beforehand. 
 
 ^pu* chp 167 To mistake ; to err ; wrong. 
 ^H 1004 "8" bp ch6; it is all right, there 
 is no mistake. bp cha-chp; without an error, 
 bp cha bp chp ; without a single mistake, 
 thoi" chp n8,ng ; made a mistake in the person, 
 thia" chp lie ; made a mistake in hearing. cp 
 chp su ; erred in doing. kia° chp l6 ; took the 
 wrong I'oad. khieh chp much; took the wrong 
 thing, ta" chp; a slip of the tongue, cong-kii 
 cp chp; always doing the wrong thing, ch6 
 chi'u ; a slip of the hand. chp chiu phah si i ; 
 killed him by accident, chp chiu ka-lauh khu ; 
 let it fall by a slip of the hand. chp-go ; to 
 
 mismanage. cliwn m jin clip ; wholly refuses 
 to confess his error, cai jin chp cu ho ; if you 
 confess the fault it will be all right. lu cho 
 li'o ; you are already astray. sie" chp ; err in 
 reasoning. chp-ta"; in error. 
 
 X30J chp 9 Rough, hispid, not smooth. 
 |/C 95 13 mong tieh cho-cho chp-cli6 ; 
 it feels very rough. thoi" tieh chp-chp, ra 
 
 kng-kut ; it appears very rough and .has no 
 gloss on it. 
 
 ^^AU chp 167 To file ; to rasp ; a file. 
 Woil 1004 7 khia ki chp lai chp ; take 
 a file and file it. chp i kng ; file it smooth, 
 
 chp kau pe"-pe°; file it down even. eng chp- 
 kia" chp tng ; file it in two with a thin file. 
 h6"-cih chp ; an oval file. 
 
 chp 130 Tender; friable. 
 1004 7 nek chp-chp; the meat is 
 very tender, au chp; friable from decay, chp 
 kio jun tiii-mln; friable is the opposite of tough. 
 
 ^^il chp 119 Paddy which is hulled but 
 ^aS- 956 11 not pounded ; rude; rough, 
 chp hi; unpounded rice, khah chp ; too rough 
 and rude. cho-chp ; coaise and crude. cho 
 hue; coarse goods. 
 
 [a chp 64 To humble; to take down one's 
 1004 7 pride ; to break the spirit ; 
 to cow. 
 
 chp i kai i kS.i jue-khi ; brought down his 
 bravado. eg ch6 tieh jiie-khi cu bo ta"; as 
 
 soon as his courage is once outbraved, he will 
 no longer dare bully people. 
 
110 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DULECT. 
 
 P^ cho 154 To contain, to bold ; to 
 jeCjr 91 5 receive. 
 h<5 cho cfu ; it is good to keep spirits in. ci- 
 kai boi cho cie hi(i-kai ; this does not hold less 
 than that. cf kai toa lia" cho no seng bi ; this 
 large bowl holds two quarts of rice. khieh 
 kai raueh h(5 cho ; get something to put it in. 
 khleh ke nQ kai pua° cho che''-kuai"; get two 
 more trays to put the fruit on. cho iTi tit ; it 
 will not hold them all. cho kau cSk puah tl"- 
 tl°; holds a pot full, cho tc ; it contains tea. 
 
 — chph — 
 
 choh 64 A quantity ; to gather up ; 
 
 1006 12 to take out. 
 cek choh th6 ; a little earth. IxSi chph lam ; 
 
 buy some salt. chun cek choh-kia"; have a 
 
 small quantity left. khieh chph-kia"-ni )&i ; 
 
 bring a little of it. ci cgk chph khieh khii 
 
 chain-pang hu cek chpli k6 ; take this and min- 
 gle it with that. khieh cek chph ciii lai pun 
 lia ciah ; bring me some water to diink. chong 
 chph te lai ; make some tea. ciah chph-ki'a" 
 
 png lio ; has eaten a little rice. chph hi'a io 
 
 chiet-io k&i lai tk°; make a summary of what 
 is most important and tell it. niing-mueh cm, 
 cliph kiii naiig lai llara ; there are a great many 
 of them, select a few of them to come and 
 recite. theng choh kui niing ; took a few of 
 
 them at random. th^ng chph cek cak lai 
 
 rang ; take a verse at random and ask questions 
 about it. choh cek png lai thoi" i pat a t7i pat; 
 select a volume and see whether he is familiar 
 ■with it. sui i choh, to pat ; whatever he 
 
 takes up to question them upon, they prove 
 familiar with it. 
 
 i& 
 
 chph 9 Contracted. 
 
 1015 7 i kai bai cp-ni chph-chph n6 ? 
 Why does he scowl so ? k&i bai chph cp c6k 
 pe ; his brows are drawn up into one mass. 
 
 chph 30 To cough becatise of some- 
 429 9 thing in the throat. 
 i ciah li'o chph §,u ; when swallowing it, it 
 strangled him. khua°-khua" ne, m<5 chph-§.u ; 
 take it leisurely, and do not strangle yourself 
 with it. 
 
 — cbu — 
 
 cbu 156 To follow the fashion of 
 
 1010 10 the time. 
 
 chu si ; follow the prevailing style. chu si ; 
 
 cleave to the strong. mia''-ke phun chu; an 
 expert sycophant, to ge-mng teng phuu-cbu ; 
 a banger on at the yamun. 
 
 chu 18 To prune; to lop off. 
 
 821 10 chu tlo chiu ki; prune off the 
 branches. hin ki-ie" tieh chu tio ; those small 
 branches must be lopped off. chu kku cek ki 
 kng-kng; pruned so as to leave a bare branch. 
 
 chd 88 To take in marriage. 
 
 1011 8 chii chi ; take a wife, chu 
 chiap ; chii phien-p&ng ; take a concubine. kl 
 chii ; a second marriage. k^ chii ; marry and 
 give in marriage. 
 
 chii 141 To judge ; <o adjudge. 
 
 «h^ 94 5 chu cam ; sentence to ex- 
 ecution, chii hun ; judge of one's fitness for a 
 post. kau pd ngi-chu ; hand him over to the 
 Board for sentence. cliii si kfti su kang-kho ; 
 it is difficult to decide what is right in the 
 affairs of this world. chia" kong-chin th!o 
 
 chii ; ask arbitrators to decide. thia" nftug 
 
 khng.uhii; act in accordance with the advice 
 given. 
 
 M 
 
 chii 29 To apply to one's own use ; 
 
 1010 6 to select for use ; to appro- 
 priate ; to lay hold on. 
 
 khp-chii ; suitable, ci k&i n&ng kh<5.chli ; this 
 person is very suitable. tSi fi klid-chii ; toa- 
 t5a hd-chii; very appropriate, bo c6k kia" h6- 
 chii; wholly unfit. th6i" tieh tai-tXi chii i; 
 
 consider him a very suitable person for the 
 place. chti-t6ng; promoted. chii l&k ; to 
 pursue pleasure. chii clue i ; got the laugh 
 
 on him. slang chii, tong chii, chu chii ; the 
 
 highest on the list of graduates, these near 
 them, and those lower down. i kai uo hd 
 
 chii-sin ; his report is trustworthy. chwn m 
 hd chii-sin ; it is not to bo relied upon, cu chii 
 khi hiia; he brought this misery upon him- 
 self, ci'a si i ka-ki cQ chii, m si nang hai i 
 kai ; he brought this upon himself, and no one 
 else is responsible for the injury. chii cek ki 
 chiu ki ; laid hold on a branch. chii m cie°; 
 could not get up by holding on to it. ci kai 
 chu CO seng, ci kai cliii cp toa", ci kSi hd 
 chii cp thiu ; that one will do for a male per- 
 former, that one can act the part of a female, 
 and this one may be the clown. i>eng-toa° 
 chii ngun cek choi" ni'e ; this draft is for a 
 thousand taels. lii chu ci kai hp, ua li chii hii 
 kai hp ; you take that one for your use and I 
 will take this one for mine. chii i cek sang 
 mak hp ; consider his eyes the best. am chii ; 
 make use of secretly, chu ciii, chii te ; choose 
 water or tea for use. chii khu kui° chu khu 
 ke ; placed high or low on the list. chii to 
 kd-tdng ; ranked as a curiosity. 
 
DIOTIONABT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 Ill 
 
 4^ cbu 64 To pluck, to pick, to gather. 
 ^>fC 944 8 cliph kue-cf khut lulng chu 
 kau lio-h'o; the fruit haa all been plucked by 
 Bome one. i khu chii chau-ieh ; she has gone 
 to gather medicinal herbs. khu chii ki tho-ki 
 Hu-ki lai ; go and pick a sprig of peach and 
 one of willow, and bring thera here. 
 
 » 1^ chu 3 chu-nang; a resident of the 
 ^ I ... 87 4 place ; a native ; the host, 
 chii-nang si ti-tiang ? Who is the resident ma- 
 nager ? lia si chu-nang lu si nang-khek ; I 
 am a native, and you are an alien. hah tit 
 chu-nang i pien-si ho kang-hu ; if it suits the 
 notion of a resident of the place, it is certainly 
 well made. to ke u nang-kheh, chut gua cia" 
 u chu-nang ; if you have guests when at home, 
 you will have hosts when you go abroad. hu 
 kp u chii-nang-thau a bo ? Is there any one 
 there who exercises hospitality to new comers ? 
 chi'a" i lai co chu-nang ; invite him to act as 
 host and assist in entertaining the guests. 
 
 t X^^ chu 141 A place; a spot ; a condition. 
 JjXJ^ 94 5 si chii ; on all sides. kak 
 
 chu; everywhere. chu-chu to si cie^-se"; it is 
 just so in all places. to pafc chu ; elsewhere, 
 no chu to sie ce"; there is rivalry between the 
 two places. ci chu bp hue, pat chu chai ; if 
 
 there are no flowers in this spot, pick some 
 elsewhere. pat chu cai-se" ? How is it else- 
 
 where ? bo sim-raih ho chu ; there is nothing 
 very good about it. tp-li sueh kau ho chu ; 
 
 the doctrine was so explained as to benefit the 
 hearers. ta° i kai to chu ; spoke of his short- 
 comings, cu u ho chu ; it has good points, 
 kun-ki chu ; the General Council of State, ia- 
 bii chii ; the Military Council. 
 
 chii 44 A house ; a dwelling. 
 1064 ^ cek CO chu ; cek koi° chu; 
 one house. chu ti ; the building spot. chu 
 tie"; a building lot. chu-teng ; the roof of the 
 house. chu cii ; the owner of the house, toa 
 chu ; a large house. chii kia"; a hut. chii 
 ki" khi jieh khuah ? How large a house are 
 yon going to build ? td khi sin chu ; is 
 
 building a new house. siu-sip ku chu ; to 
 
 repair an old house. lau chu ; an old house. 
 lS,u chii-pi"; an old neighbour. f A,ng chii tiu ; 
 live in the same house. i td cie° chu ; he is 
 
 guarding the house. lii chu to ti kp ? Where 
 is your home ? b6 chii bp .so ; without house 
 or home. t6i° chu ; to mortgage a house, 
 
 chu si tug kai ; the house is taken on a 
 mortgage. chii-t6i°; a tenant. siie chii ; to 
 
 hire a house. cliii co; house rent. n^ng sJ 
 chu the"; people are the props of a house. 1^ 
 ti-tiang-si ai° khii chu ? When are you going 
 home ? 
 
 -Jdtfc chii 64 To put ; to set in order. 
 J^ 1008 8 chu-ti raueh-kia"; to get 
 things in order. chii chiu put kip ; put his 
 
 hand to it too late. 
 
 chii 156 Agreeable ; attractive. 
 
 1011 8 chu-bi ; amusing ; queer ; 
 pretty, chii-bi si; amusing beyond expression, 
 chu-chu bi-bi ; exceedingly interesting. ne, 
 
 chu-bi chii-bi; very winsome. sit cSi ii chii- 
 bi ; really agreeable. bp sim-mih chii-bi ; not 
 particularly pleasing. i si t<5 ta" chii-bi kai ; 
 he is telling what amuses. bp chii bd bi ; 
 
 altogether uninteresting. a-no"-kia'' chii-chu 
 bi-bi ; the child is very winsome. 
 
 rf^^ chu 60 Leisurely ; with dignified 
 'j>y> 819 y slowness, 
 chu-chu ne, mki" khah me"; be moderate and 
 composed, do not be in a hurry. chu-chu n§ 
 kia"; move sedately along. 
 
 — chiia — 
 
 >^ chiia 77 Awry ; askew ; deflected. 
 jE. 1037 5 cam boi chua ; the needle is 
 not bent. co lai chiia ; it is made crooked. i 
 kai chili chua-chiia; his mouth is drawn to one 
 side. chiia chiii ; a wry mouth. tie" chiia 
 chili ; to make faces. 6i-t6i-hu lun kau chiii 
 chua ; the sole endures till its mouth is drawn 
 out of shape; his appearance of suffering is his 
 natural aspect. i kai bp ti khu chua; his cap 
 is put on askew. i kai thau-khak se" l^i 
 
 chiia ; his head is deformed. phi" chiia ; his 
 
 nose is crooked. cp chiia ; sit in a slovenly 
 
 attitude, mai" pang chiia ; do not set it down 
 askew. kia" chiia lo ; went by the wrong 
 
 road, cun sai chiia kiie hie" p6i°; sail the boat 
 at an angle in crossing to the other side. ci" 
 sia kliu chiia ; the arrow was shot to one .side, 
 mai" khia chiia ; do not loll nor lean against 
 anything when you stand. ku khu ch ia ; 
 
 sawed obliquely. jit-thau chiia tiam-kia" lio ; 
 the sun is already a little past the meridian. 
 
 ^ I chiia 57 To lead on ; to bring 
 vl 1102 T forward; to induce; to 
 confirm in ; to perpetuate. 
 
 chua ciii kai nang ; pilots. chiia ciii cun ; a 
 
 pilot boat. i cie"-se° chiia nang 16 ; by thus 
 
 doing he brings dislike upon himself, cek k§.i 
 li chiia nang sieh, c^k kai li chUa nang ui ; the 
 
112 
 
 PICTIONART OF THE 8WAT0W DIALKCT. 
 
 one gets people's love, and the other gets 
 people's fear. ii nang td chQa cu koi pat ; if 
 there be some one to lead the way, it will be 
 easy to follow. 
 
 chua 50 To lead ; to conduct, to 
 846 "8 guide, 
 in chua ; to guide. lu pat l6, h($ iu-cliQa i ; 
 
 guide him, since you know the road. khut i 
 in-chua khu eo m-hd kai su ; was lead into evil 
 by him, 
 
 chua 88 To bring home in marriage. 
 
 1011 8 chQa bo; to bring home a 
 wife, chfla sim-pfl; take a wife for one's son. 
 chQa ji-n^ng; take a concubine. chQa chiah- 
 kha ; take to wife a woman whose feet have 
 their natural shape. chua sin-nie ; to bring 
 
 home the bride, chua sun sim-pfl; take a wife 
 for one's grandson. i7i ke rli chua ; neither 
 
 marry nor give in marriage. chQa a bQe ? 
 Has he yet taken a wife ? tiang-si ai° kio i 
 chQa? When are you going to take a wife for 
 him p i si chQa nang cdk chut ksli ; he has 
 taken a wife who has been married before, 
 chua c6i a hue ? Have you taken wives for all 
 your sons yet ? 
 
 — chiia" — 
 
 PH chua" 169 To bar ; to bolt. 
 
 I J 786 1 chiia" ning ; bar the door, 
 mng tieh chiia" h<5 ; you must bar the door 
 tightly. 
 
 — chuah — 
 
 chuah 182 To drive on or sweep up 
 470 6 as a whirlwind does; to 
 blow fitfully and strong. khut huang chuah 
 khii; blown off by the wind, mai" khut huang 
 chuah cau khu ; do not let it get whisked away 
 by the wind, ci kai si khut huang lih khu kfii ; 
 this has been torn by the wind's flapping it. 
 
 chuah 76 To deceive intentionally ; 
 ^\ 342 8 to cheat ; to impose upon ; 
 to befool. chuah i m cai ; imposed upon his 
 ignorance. chuah r7i cai cQ cau khu ; took 
 
 advantage of her not being on the lookout 
 and made his escape, cek-hue sui-si chuah tit 
 kue, e jit cQ chuah m kue ; though you have 
 fooled him once, you won't be able to do it 
 again. b6 sie chuah ; no deception practi.sed 
 by either party. chuah nang m cai thoi"; 
 
 took his opportunty when no one was looking. 
 i cie°-se° si ka-kl chuah ka-ki; he is thus 
 cheating himself. 
 
 ^fray chua: 
 Wl 109 
 
 chuah 64 To pluck ; to pull. 
 ^JC 913 8 chuali tlo i kai tin ; pull 
 oil' the tendrils. mai" chuah tlo i kai hue- 
 
 hah ; do not pluck out its petals. chuah tlo i 
 kai mo"; pulled oat the fur. 
 
 chuah 162 To go off at the side ; to 
 274 5 deflect, 
 chuah tiii hu cek p6i" ko khu; turned and 
 went off on that side, chuah tui Ki'e 16 kp khu 
 io kQn ; turn off and go by the side path and 
 it is nearer. 
 
 — chuang — 
 
 lang 144 chuang-cQang ; to butt 
 109 9 against; to come in colli- 
 
 sion with ; to run foul of ; to go counter to. 
 i 111 cai chuang-cQang tieh i mih su ; she does 
 not know in what way she has ofi'ended him. 
 i (6 Fu to si chuang-chuang cfiang-cuang i, 
 chwn hd keng i Iftu-toa; he is all the time act- 
 ing contrary to his views, and pays no regard 
 to him as his senior. 6i chuang-cuang li mki' 
 kill, tang i hli siu-put-sl; if he has offended 
 you do not be vexed, but wait until he comes 
 and apologizes to you. 
 
 ^£l chuang 169 To push ahead rudely, with - 
 |»wj 21 IlO out regard to etiquette, 
 chuang tSu ; to rush across in front of others, 
 chuang tieh i kai be-th&u ; bolted across in 
 front of his horse. tit-tit chuang jip khu ; 
 
 bolted straight in. tit-tit chuang kiie khu ; 
 
 bolted right across. theng chuang ; rushed 
 
 abend with no regard to politeness. chuang 
 chut su lai, bo ukng chai lu ; if you introduce 
 the business unceremoniously no one will pay 
 heed to you. i hie" hau" chuang su, u jit tieh 
 chuang chut hua lai ; he is so fond of rudely 
 intruding into matters, that he will some day 
 find himself in trouble. 
 
 — chne — 
 
 rt>jr* chne 80 To blow. 
 fxV 101 4 chue sio cau gauh ; play on 
 wind instruments. mai" khut huang chne 
 
 cau ; do not let it get blown away by the wind, 
 pun huang chue phiia; torn by the wind, khut 
 huang chue lih ; rent by the wind, toa huang 
 chue cih chiu ki ; a high wind breaks limbs 
 from the trees. ra-hp pun huang chue tieh ; 
 do not expose yourself to the wind. huang 
 chue lai liang-liang; the wind blows cool, 
 huang chue ciii min, ciii ciu cSk-cue-hun c6k- 
 cue-hun ; the wind blowing over the water 
 makes it ripple iu long lines, 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 113 
 
 chne 86 To cook food by steaming it. 
 
 102 T chne piig, cline liu, chue 
 nek, chue kiie ; to steam rice, fish, tiesh or 
 cakes. khieh phng IC'iig-sng tdi hu chue; put 
 it in the steamer and steam it. hip rai"-mi° 
 c\a" chue oi sek ; cover it ia tightly and then it 
 will steam thoroughly. 
 
 fflv^ chtie 188 The marrow. 
 flJcL 827 l3 kut cliiie ; the marrow of a 
 bone. ie-kut chue ; spinal marrow.^ gu 
 
 kut chtie ; beef marrow. tu-kut chue ; pigs^' 
 
 marrow. thau-khak chue ; the brain. liu 
 thau chue ; fish brains. tu-thau chiie ; pigs' 
 
 brains. cuh i kai chiie ; suck out the mar- 
 
 row, ci ie" ieh oi p6 ceng-chiie ; this medicine 
 Btrengthens tlie bones. hun jip kut chiie ; 
 
 hatred has penetrated his very bones. 
 
 chue 118 A switch, stick, or club. 
 
 101 8 io koi in ui chiie; a hungry 
 
 fowl does not mind the switch. Id raai" to 
 
 kie kua°-chue ; do not yell as if you were 
 receiving an official beating. 
 
 chue 147 To seek ; to search. 
 596 4 chue tieh ; has found it. 
 chue m tieh ; cannot find it. chue lo ; trying 
 to find some way. chue ki-hue ; seeking a 
 
 good chance, chue phang ; on the watch for a 
 good opportunity. ang chue-r7i-ki" bo, bo 
 
 chue-r7i-ki" ang, pe chue-iTi-ki" kia°, kia" chue- 
 ui-ki° pe ; husbands were searching for their 
 wives, and wives for their husband, fathers for 
 their children, and children for their fathers, 
 a-si i7i-ki°-khu. hd khu chue; if it is missing go 
 and search for it. phah tang-lo chue a-no°- 
 kia"; beat a gong and cry a lost child. lid m 
 ho chue tie ; do not seek for excuse. 
 
 chueh 
 
 chueh 30 To drink or sip with a noise. 
 8.3 8 chueh thng; to eat soup 
 noisily. phin-khiong nang ciah mue" chueh 
 
 am ; the poor eat congee and sip the broth, 
 chueh til loh ; cannot sup it. chueh tieh tiam 
 c5i ; sipped and found it very sweet. 
 
 — chui — 
 
 fffi. chui ^ To urge ; to importune ; 
 ^ 1017 11 to dun. 
 chui i me" ce ; chue i kin ce ; hurry him up. 
 chui i CO me" ce ; urge him to hasten the work, 
 chui thp sio-b§.k ; importunately demanded the 
 amount of the bill. chui nang-kheh ; impor- 
 tune a guest to stay, chui chok ; to expedite. 
 Id mal" chui-pek khah ki'ti ; do not drive him 
 too hard, chui kau via mih su bo co; presses 
 
 me so that I can do nothing. chui nie ; dun 
 for taxes. chui che ; hasten the messenger, 
 
 khut i chui Ho kha tong chia sih ; was hurried 
 by him 80 that I could not work. 
 
 T^gl chui 64 To pull at steadily and 
 4^B 1017 11 forcibly ; to strain, 
 eng lak ce chui cu tng; exert your strength in 
 pulling upon it, and it will break. ci tio sua" 
 khut i chui tng khu; this cord was broken by 
 his pulling upon it. sph sin-sin co-ni oi chui 
 tng khu ? How could a perfectly new rope 
 break under a strain like that ? thih-llen pun 
 huang-eng chui tfig cp ku-a ko ; the iron chain 
 has been broken into several pieces by the 
 strain of the storm. 
 
 chui 64 To infer ; to secede from ; to 
 
 926 8 give place to. 
 chui chut i kai i-su ; to infer his meaning, 
 chui-iii ; to excuse one's self. chui-si ; to 
 
 decline, as an appointment, i chui-chui lii-iii 
 rii kheng lai ; he makes all sorts of excuses to 
 get rid of coming. chui-cun i siang oi ; give 
 place to him as the most able, chui-cun i toa; 
 give place to him as your superior, chui-khui ; 
 to evade, chui sng ; to calculate. 
 
 ^^ 
 
 chui 82 Fine; delicate; minute. 
 
 1018 8 i kai hue khui chut lai chiii- 
 chiii ; its flowers are very delicate. sin teng 
 phu cek liap cek liap chui-chiii si sim much ? 
 Little blotches have come up all over him, what 
 is the matter with him ? i kai mo° ne chui- 
 chiii ; its fur is downy, hfeh s6i-s6i chui-chiii; 
 the leaves are very small and delicate. cek 
 
 tiam cek tiam chiii-chiii ; dotted with very 
 small dots. cek tio cek tio chui-chui ; lined 
 
 with very fine lines. cek kai cek kai chui 
 
 chui ; in minute particles. ah-kia" kai mo° 
 
 chui-chiii ; a duckling's feathers are very fine. 
 
 J*i chvii 64 To measure ; to estimate. 
 
 112 9 chiii-tak i kai i-pu ; get at 
 his meaning, chiii-chek rri pat to khu ; do not 
 know how to estimate it. lia ce chiii-chek ciu 
 cai ; when I have made a calculation I shall 
 know, chui-bda kai kang-hu ; painstaking labor. 
 
 chili 124 Turquoise blue. 
 1018 8 hui-chui gek ; blue 
 che°-chui che"-chui ; bright green. 
 
 jade. 
 
 chui 30 The mouth, nozzle, snout or 
 
 1016 12 beak, 
 cio chili ; a bird's bill. tu chiii-tun ; a pig's 
 snout. ciu pang chui ; the spout of a wine 
 
 pitcher, nio'-ho" chui ; a tiger's mouth, hun 
 
114 
 
 DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALKCt. 
 
 ting chui ; the mouth-pieco of a pipe. g§ cliui, 
 g^k chui, kak chiii, kat chiii ; ivory, j ide, horn 
 and bone mouth-pieces. cira-chui ; to kiss, 
 cang chili khii cira i ; kissed him. chiii siap ; 
 no appetite; a bad taste in the mouth. chiii 
 kfit; a good appetite; the mouth healthfully 
 clean. chiii kang-ta ; the mouth parched, 
 
 chili kho ; a bitter taste in the mouth. chiia 
 chiii ; the mouth drawn to one side. khih 
 
 chili ; hair-lip. lA mai" 6h chiii 6h cih ; do 
 
 not mimic him. i ciap-chiii khi lS,i ta"; he 
 
 took up the story and went on. si i id pang 
 chiii ; he is taking his part in the dispute, 
 boi chui hue; speaking eloquent nonsense, 
 i kfli chui oi cS,i ; he is an able speaker. the i 
 kai chili biie ta°; repeat it after him. lu k&i 
 chui cih mai" khah kin ; do not be in too great 
 haste to begin to eat. lii nmi" coi chiii ; do not 
 chatter so much, i chwn tri in chui, tl;im.li im 
 thia"; he listened, and did not answer at all. 
 chiii chau ; an offensive breath. i kai chiii 
 
 Biang toii p6h-cia°; he is a great liar. i kai 
 
 chiii hau° ta° iie cSi ; she is very loquacious. 
 i cek ki chui k ku-anftng; he can out argue 
 half a dozen people. ta° lio chiii siig; talked 
 till his tongue ached. 6h cSk chiii hd kna" 
 
 ue ; speak a little in a foreign tongue. cek 
 chui thvvn cek cih ; every one says the same 
 thing. chili khah khio ; his lips are curved 
 outward too much. chiii-tun kluth tio ; 
 
 his upper lip is too short. chiii so"-irii khah 
 khuah ; has too large a mouth. chau chili 
 
 pin ; boastful. lu kni chiii 6i hue-nio a 
 
 boi ? Do you tell the exact truth, or not ? 
 i kai chili ta" iie bo kii sit; he does not speak 
 one word of truth. mai" theng chap chiii ; 
 
 do not rashly interrupt. chie chiii ; smiling, 
 ki" tieh nang phi" chie, cliiii chie ; he laughs 
 all over his face as soon as he sees any one. 
 i kai chili ce ta" olu ta" iTi hiiu" hiah ; when he 
 once begins to talk he talks as if he were 
 never going to stop. i sd ta" kai iie cng kai 
 m SI chili cih; there is no truth in anything he 
 says. lu si ai" khu nio°-h6" chiii teng kliut 
 
 nek; you are going to a tiger's mouth to beg for 
 meat. phah chui poi"; to beat on the mouth, 
 a mode of punishment lu cia ue a si ki" kua" 
 ta" chili poi" ciu tieh phah kau ceng ; if you 
 should say this to a magistrate, your mouth 
 would be beaten till it was swollen. si i khu 
 kap p6-to-chiii ; it is he who is to close the 
 mouth of the bag; he is to iinish the business, 
 chui-khau mueh-ciah; victuals. chiii-khau 
 
 lie ; common speech. hang chiii-khau ; the 
 
 end of a lane. sang khoi chiii ; the place 
 
 where two rivers deboucii. cek chiii ciu thuu 
 oh khu; swallowed it all at one mouthful. 
 
 cek toa ohiii ; a big mouthful. kS c^k chiii ; 
 bite off a mouthful. i ciu si cO kira-kng ua la 
 ai" ka i sa" chiii n^k ; if ho were a warder of 
 the temple gate even, I would bite out three 
 moutlifiils of his flesh. chiii thoi" ki", mak 
 
 thoi" ki"; I see him plainly. tiara chili nie ; a 
 seductive woman. chiii tiam cSi ; honeyed 
 
 speech. chiah chui chiah cih; it puckers 
 
 up one's mouth. chiii tu-tu ; with her mouth 
 puckered up. chui-lim-phue ; the lips. 
 
 TjTnf chili 112 Fragments; small remnants. 
 'try' 827 8 kha chiii ; to knock in pieces. 
 p6 chiii; rags, ua" chiii; broken dishes, phah 
 chili ; to sliiver by a blow. chiii kiie iam ; 
 
 finer than salt. "gl^'i ohiii ; broken money. 
 
 chili ngun; small lumps of silver. ciia chiii ; 
 fragments of paper. lang-chiii miiuh-kia"; 
 
 odds and ends. clikm-chiii kai ; mixed mis- 
 
 cellaneous articles. chkm-chiii kang.hu; odd 
 jobs. cham-chiii boi ; sells at retail. cheng 
 ciii chui'iDueh boi kui choi" ci" ? How much 
 did you pay for this lot of miscellaneous 
 articles? cham-chiii ci" khieh ka-n r/ ; all 
 
 the odds and ends of money collected to- 
 gether, chiii-kiiu ; a trinket. phiia chiii ; 
 break in pieces. chiii-kia"; dribblets. ieh 
 chili ; remnants of medicines. chiii-chiii kki ; 
 what is is very small fragments. coih chiii- 
 clmi ; slice it up fine. thi kku chui-chiii ; li 
 
 kau chili-chili; tear it in tAtters. chiii thiah ; 
 parceled out. bvvii to chui kuah ; cut in ten 
 
 thousand pieces. tiiu-kho chiii; broken bean- 
 cake, bf chui ; broken rice. bi chiii kueh ; 
 cracked rice. cieh chiii ; chips of stone, sa"- 
 kho ch6ng kau chap-chap-chiii ; has worn her 
 clothes into tatters. 
 
 — chun — 
 
 chun 75 A long-lived tree, hence a 
 104 9 symbol of a father, 
 chun suang peog mong; both parents are in 
 good health. hiang chun ; the Ge.lrela 
 
 odorata. chan-u phue; the bark of the AUantus 
 glandiclosa. 
 
 ^^ chun 130 Imperfectly developed eggn. 
 1^1 105 11 hu-chun ; lish roe. hu ce 
 
 svvii chun au cu sang; fish are thin after 
 depositing the roe. 
 
 chun 72 The spring of the year. 
 104 5 sin chun ; the new year, 
 ngeng chun ; welcome the spring. chun hun ; 
 the vernal equinox. lip chun ; jip chun ; the 
 beginning of spring. chun thi°-si ; in the 
 
 spring. che" chun sio ni ; in the spring time 
 
DTCTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 115 
 
 of life. chun gu ; a clay ox borne out by 
 
 officials in the ceremony of meeting the spring, 
 chun chiu jieh coi ? How many years old are 
 
 ?roa ? pell jit mok 6i" kiie, die" chun put cai 
 ai ; waste not the daylight, for youth does not 
 return, chan sira ; lewd thoughts. 
 
 #chun 9 To stretch forth; to straight- 
 736 5 en ; to dilate, 
 chi'a chun chut lai ; stretch forth your arm. lu 
 Ts.ki cih chun chut lai ua thoi"; put out your 
 tongue and let me look at it. chun kaa <ng- 
 tng chut lai; stretched out at full length. 
 hu koi" chii no poi° chun-chiu; that house has 
 two wings. kha chun tit; straighten your 
 
 legs. am chun in^-in^ to thoi''; gazing with 
 neck outstretched. chun ie ; straighten the 
 
 back. 6i chun oi kin ; is elastic ; will stretch 
 and shrink. chun-lun huah-hi ; stretch and 
 
 yawn. bo hie" 6i chun ; it does not stretch 
 
 much, chun khi lai ; stretch up. 
 
 H 
 
 chiia 136 Incompatible. 
 120 chuii-cho; erroneous, 
 boi chiin-cho ; there is no error in it. 
 
 chwn 
 
 It 
 
 chiin 61 To surmise. 
 1021 3 su-chuti ; to ponder, lu ho 
 khu su-chun; you go and cogitate upon it. 
 
 chun 
 
 105 
 
 142 
 15 
 
 doltish. 
 
 Stupid, 
 ngo chun ; 
 
 blundering ; 
 
 -^ chiin 41 The Chinese inch. 
 
 -4 1021 cap chian ui cek chieh ; ten 
 inches make a foot. chiin chieh ; dimensions. 
 Ba° chun khuah cek chieh ihg; three inches 
 wide and ten long. tng ke u no chiiii keng 
 
 ho ; it would be better if it were two inches 
 longer. ^ chng no sa" chiin chim jip khu ; 
 
 punched it in two or three inches deep, chua- 
 tu ; a small folded paper slate. 
 
 chiin-lQn Chilled ; tremors. 
 i>^ ^^^^ 163 kua° kaa phah-chun- 
 
 luu ; so cold that she shivered. 
 
 "3^ chun 39 To retain; to preserve; 
 "TJr 1020 3 remaining, 
 chun u jieh coi? How much is there left? 
 ciah chun kai ; what is left after eating. eng 
 chun kai ; what remains. chun kai lau-pang 
 miia-khi; keep what is left until to-morrow, 
 chun lang-su ; have a little left. bo chun ; 
 
 there is no residue, chun bo; there is nothing 
 left. ^ eng bo chun ; it is all used up. chun 
 b6 ci"; has no money lef(i, tliang m chAn ; 
 
 saved nothing from his earnings. p(5-chiia 
 
 mueh-ngiap; saved his property. i kai chun 
 sim ho ; his feelings are correct, m cai i chun 
 buang ; do not know whether they are alive or 
 dead. chun kai lien-ioin khut i ; preserved 
 
 his reputation for him. chun ke chun kfam 
 in sie-taiig; the amount left varies. chun kA,i 
 mia" to si-(ie°; preserved a name in the world, 
 chun (io se" mla"; preserved his life. chun 
 
 cheng khut i ; continued the kindness shown 
 to him. 
 
 — chut — 
 
 114 chut 17 To go forth ; to issue. 
 
 I-Ll 98 3 chut chut jip jip; keeps run- 
 ning out and in. cek hue chut, cek hue jip ; a 
 going out involves a coming in. chut ning; 
 to go out of doors. chut kliau ; go outside, 
 
 chut khu tl-ko ? Where has he gone ? chut 
 boi ; for sale. chut siio ; to let. chut t<5i"; to 
 mortgage, poih chut lai; pulled it out. p6ih 
 rh chut; cannot pull it out. raang m chut; 
 
 cannot pull it up with both hands, pho i chut 
 lai ; brought her out in his arms. thiu chut 
 
 thiu jip; pull out and thrust in, as a damper, 
 chut sin ; become possessed by a god or demon, 
 lau-ia chut sin ; the god takes possession of a 
 mortal. i chut rang a biie ? Is she married 
 
 yet? chut sek ; become conspicuous. si i 
 siang chut sek ; he is most prominent. chut 
 ceng; go out against insurgents. chut ceng ; 
 to surpass others. pun-nia chut ceng; more 
 
 able than others. bo lu chut khu ; you will 
 
 not be allowed to go out. ta" m chut chili ; un- 
 able to speak it plainly, chut thau thi"; got out 
 of difficulty. chut sin chut png ; to provide 
 
 both service and capital. cek nang chut png, 
 cek nang chut kang ; one supplies the capital 
 and the other the labor. chut kha chut chi'u ; 
 furnish the labor, chut si; born; enter on life, 
 lu chut si to ti-kp ? Where were you born ? 
 chut kia°; to travel. chut gua; go abroad, 
 
 chut kie, chut cun ; go out in a sedan chair 
 or in a boat. chut ke ; married off. chut 
 ke ; away from home. si i chut thau ; he 
 
 takes the lead in it. liah i lai chut kin ; 
 
 take him to vent spite upon. chut jit; cause 
 the sun to rise, jit chut ; the sun rises, chut 
 kheng ; cau.se a rainbow. chut tho min ; the 
 dry land appeared, chut ke a bue ? Is she yet 
 married ? si f-keng ke chut kai cau-kia"; it is 
 a daughter who is already married. sie" m 
 
 chut; cannot think what it was. sie kang 
 
 chut ci"; unite in furnishing the requisite 
 amount of money. cp chut kai mueh-kia"; 
 
 the things made. ko-ca tng-si chut u cek 
 
 kS,i n^ng — ; in ancient times there was a man 
 
116 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALBCT. 
 
 who — . ch6 chut 14i; searched it out. ra cai i 
 kS-i chut rnut ; do not know its origin nor end. 
 chut sia°; speak loud. chut. I'o toa sia"; speak 
 louder, m ka" chut sia"; dare not speak 
 
 aloud. chut khang la si sf, jlp khang la si sf ; 
 whether he goes into or coraes out of the hole 
 he will be killed, chut lak ; put forth strength, 
 lak chut toa toa; exert yourself vigorously. 
 t6a chut mia"; far famed. kia° chut; carry 
 
 into practice. si i chut cii-i ; it is for liira to 
 decide. co il-tiang chut cia°? Who will take 
 np the case as plaintiff? chut ko-sl; issue a 
 proclamation. chut che, chut sai ; send mes- 
 sengers. nSu chut su; create a disturbance, 
 chut sfl ; enter public life. 16 chut ue kha; 
 
 let the cat out of the bag. chut kui ; brings 
 honor to his family. ai° chut jieh hfij^ ? How 
 far do wish to extend it ? chut cu ; chut tftu ; 
 have small-poz. chut kh! ; surpasses belief. 
 da. cm chut khi lio; it is incredible. chnn 
 
 th&u chut lai fam ; stretched out his head and 
 looked. 
 
 yCt chut 211 A classifier of verses and 
 
 MJ 459 6 plays. 
 cek chut khek ; a ballad. c@k chut hi ; a play. 
 c§k jit CO cek chut tia"; they act only one play 
 a day. hi chut ; plays. ci chut s! i kai sia 
 hi; this is their chief play. cle° chut c6 tieh 
 serig-toa", e chut co tieh Ifiu seng ; the first 
 acts are performed by inexperienced performers, 
 the later ones by their best actors. 
 
 — chu — 
 
 chu 135 To unroll ; to open out ; to 
 774 6 expand ; to di.sburden the 
 mind ; at ease ; easy ; comfortable ; exhilarated, 
 chun-chu ; in good spirits ; cheerful ; comfor- 
 table ; quite at ease, ua thoi" i kai nang to m 
 chun-chu, si u pe° a m si ? I see that he is not 
 in good spirits, it is because he is not well is 
 it not ? i a-hia" kai ke hQa" khu fo chun- 
 
 chu, i a-ti kai ke hua° khu io kek-chok; 
 the elder brother's family is kept comfortably, 
 the younger brother's family is pinched and 
 straightened. ci'a thi°-si cie" chin, i ISu nang 
 hwn-lio chun-chun chu-chu, boi iii chin; though 
 the weather is so severe, the old man is not at 
 all discomforted by it, and does not dread the 
 cold. p6 chu-khui lAi thoi"; open out the cloth 
 that it may be seen. ji-ue chu-khui khut i 
 
 phak ; open out the scrolls and let them snn. 
 
 chu 142 Larvee; very small mag- 
 1010 5 gets ; festers which are 
 
 supposed to be caused by maggots. 
 
 cui chu; the larvro of mosauitoes iu water. 
 
 m 
 
 khla chu-ph6' khu ko chu lai chl kira-lf ; take 
 the clotli strainer and dip up some mosquito 
 larvae to feed the gold-fish. ciii khng ku se* 
 chu; if water is kept long it produces mosquito 
 larvae. kha cira kaa se" chu; his feet have 
 
 been in the water so long that they have 
 festered. cih se" chu ; has festers on his 
 
 tengue. buah chu ; to anoint festers with 
 
 sal ve . 
 
 chd 208 A rat, mouse, or squirrel. 
 
 776 cSk ciah nfo-chu ; a rat. 
 cieli-chti ; field-mice, chang-chu ; moles, tio- 
 chii ; sables. pue-chu ; flying squirrels. nfo- 
 chii kfa"; a young rat. cip-chu; a mouse, 
 
 ng^n-chu; the ermine, hui-chia phAe be'-kiia; 
 a riding coat of squirrel skin. nfo-chu heng ; 
 rat like; skulking. chu chiap, kau thau ; 
 
 sly thieving. ni'o-chti hue cin ceng m kia" sf 
 nftng; a mouse's tail, even when swelled to 
 the utmost, is nothing to be much fright- 
 ened at. 
 
 |IL chu 77 The thing in hand. 
 MXd 1034 2 chu nang. chu jit, chu sfl} 
 the person, time, or matter under consideration, 
 pf ch^ ; that and this. chu tcng n&ng; this 
 
 class of persons. m hd kka ci chu ; do not let 
 it come to this. chu-c&i ; at present. chti 
 khek; at this moment. i" chu iii ho; take 
 
 this as a label. 
 
 "^A* chu 76 Next; secondary; a time; a 
 "yV 1034 2 period. 
 
 chu toi"; a sequence. chu sfl ; in a regular 
 
 order. u chu iS sfl ; there is a regular series, 
 ii cang-chu; has gradations. thau chu ; the 
 
 first time. biie chu ; the last time. pang t5 
 ti kai ui-chu ? Where did you place it ? kla" 
 kku ci kai ui-chu kha sng ; having walked thua 
 far my feet began to ache. cek chu tia°-tia'; 
 only once. ke cek chu ; once more. ti cek 
 chu ? Which time was it ? jieh coi chu ? 
 
 How many times ? coi-coi chu ; a great many 
 times. lu c6i° chu cp-ni ta° ? What did yon 
 
 say the first time ? bo cek chu m-hd ; it was 
 right every time. i io ke chu, i io kiam chi ; 
 he has been more times, and she less, chu-chu 
 lau-jiet cfti ; there was much going on every 
 time, ci cgk chu cia" khwn lu, e chu ciu co m 
 tit; this time you may be allowed to do so, 
 but another time it will not be permitted, tang 
 e chu ; wait till next time. cle° chii ; the other 
 time. mki° cSu-chu ; do not be flurried. ci 
 cek kia° lo chu; this sort is inferior, chuci', 
 chu ngun ^ not first rate money. 
 
DICTIONARY OF TUE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 X17 
 
 ^f> cliu 61 Mercy; oompassionafe; loving. 
 illi> 103i3 10 cliu b(5 ; a loving mother, 
 cliu bp to pai ji ; indulgent mothers spoil their 
 childien. ehu sira ; a compassionate heart, 
 
 cliu iii ; loving kindness, chu-pui; pity, jin- 
 cliu ; compassion. un-chu ; mercy. pe chu, 
 cu hau ; a gentle father has filial sons. 
 
 ;^LJL chu 104 A defect ; a blemish. 
 yi'-U 1033 ~6~ 610 chu; a petty defect, 
 chiie mo" khia chu ; seek for defects under the 
 fur; petty caviling at men's faults, cia sng-si 
 sio chu; I reckon this a small defect. ai" 
 
 chue kau cng kui bo chu ka,i si cie ; there are 
 few to be found that are wholly without defect, 
 
 chu 172 Weak ; inferior. 
 
 1033 5 chuhiong; the weaker and 
 the stronger. chu hiong kiam ; a pair of 
 
 swords. lu lia lai kl" kai chu hiong ; let us 
 
 see which of us is the stronger. i kai ue ta" 
 kau u chu u hiong ; his language varies much 
 in force, bo chu bo hiong ; does not modulate 
 the force. 
 
 chu 112 Crockery. 
 !K 1033 lo chu khi; 
 chu cieh ; a natural magnet. 
 
 — chuli — 
 
 crockery w'are. 
 
 chuli 9 To stoop; to bend. 
 146 8 i chuh loh khu iam ; she bent 
 down and peeped in. thau chuh-chuh h'-kwn 
 kia"; walked right on with head bent down, i 
 chut jip to si thau chuh-chuh, bo thoi" nang ; 
 he goes out and in with his head hung down, 
 and looks at nobody. 
 
 — chwn — 
 
 -r^^ chwn 64 To tickle ; to titillate. 
 4^^ 527 12 i to ut, i soil tio cua-ang- 
 teng khu chwn i k^i phi"-khang, ua° ce, lu 
 khieh koi-mq" khu chwn i kai lii"-khang ; when 
 ehe is sleeping, he rolls up a lamp-lighter and 
 goes and tickles her nostril, and a little later 
 he gets a feather and goes and tickles her ear. 
 chwn i che° khi lai ; woke him up by tickling 
 him lightly. 
 
 chwn 116 To pervert ; to turn aside. 
 ,^^ 119 4 khah chwn-ch&k; too much 
 
 perverted from the original truth. si id 
 
 chwn-chak kai ; it is being perverted. chwn- 
 8ua°-kah ; the ant-eater. peh po chwn iang ; 
 a hundred paces off. nang kai pang ISi m 
 
 hd theng chwn jip khu ; do not without evident 
 reason go into people's private rooms. 
 
 ill chwn 47 A rivulet. 
 J*\ 119 lo sua" chwn; mountain streams, 
 chwn liu put sek ; an uninterrupted flow. 
 
 nUl chwn 80 To pant. 
 
 HjflJ 120 9 hm-hiTi-chwn; asthmatic 
 breathing, kia" kaa cf-ko lai tp chwn; coming 
 here has put me out of breath, chvvn cck kua 
 boi hiah ; panted a half day without stopping. 
 
 pF| chwn 169 A cross-pin ; to join by a 
 
 I J 786 T" cross- pin. 
 am ciiwn ; joined by a hidden pin. chwn t6 
 hu pue-Su ; joined by a cross-pin on the back, 
 pue-au CO sa" ki chwn; make three cross bar-* 
 on the back. ai° eng kiii kp lai chwn a si ai" 
 eng kau kp kai ? Do you wish to make it by 
 joining several pieces with a bar mortised in, or 
 to make it of a single piece? kang-hu h(5 kai, 
 chwn kliu cia" nai ; make it with joints well 
 fitted, and mortise in a bar through the pieces, 
 then it will last. 
 
 t-M chwn 2 To lace together; to joia 
 nP 121 6 by stringing on; to league, 
 chwn phau ; a string of fire-cracker.s. chwn 
 bueh-tdi ; to lace up the sole of a stocking, 
 chwn khi lai, chwn loh khu; pass the string 
 upward and downward through eyelet holes, 
 as in lacing a boot. chwn thong; to pass 
 through an eyelet hole. chvVn kiie hie" p61°; 
 pass it through to the other side. cie" e m 
 
 chwn ; the foregoing and the following are not 
 intimately connected. chwn hali ; banded 
 
 together. i no nang chwn-tang kui ; the two 
 are leagued together. ara-ce" chwn-tang ; 
 
 secretly leagued, chwn mong ; a concerted 
 
 plan, sim kue phah-chwn kai ; far surpassing 
 what could have been done by agreement. 
 
 chwn 118 To seize upon, 
 "^C^ 120 To chwn ui ; seize the throne. 
 chvVii chi ; murder the ruler, chwn i kai kok ; 
 seized his kingdom. i si khut i chwn khu; 
 it was seized and taken away by him. 
 
 ch« n 
 1027 
 
 86 
 25 
 
 A mess of 
 separately. 
 
 food ; to mess 
 i°-keng kak 
 
 kak hun chvVn li'o ; each of them has his own 
 separate table, leng ku, leng chwn ; they are 
 separately domiciled. 
 
 chwn 104 Convalescent. 
 
 1012 6 chwn-jii; recovered from 
 illness, ui kkn chvvn-ju ; entirely cured. i 
 pe° chwn-ju a bue ? Has he recovered yet ? i"- 
 keng chwn-jii lio ; he is already convalescent, 
 bue chwn-jii ; not yet well. 
 
118 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 6WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 chwn 167 To select according to 
 1012 6 merit and capacity ; to 
 value aright. cliwn-swn ; to estimate the 
 
 quality, and select accordingly ; to choose 
 properly. kui p6 chwn-swn; returned to the 
 Board for re-appointment, as certain officers are 
 at the close of a term of office. 
 
 Z^ chwn 11 Completely ; altogether ; 
 db. ^ 1013 4 entire. ^ 
 ■Wn-chwn ; complete. chwn t^, chwn Ifing ; 
 
 almighty and omnipotent. chwn ke hok 16k; 
 the whole family prospered. pu kui sang 
 
 chvvn ; both rich and noble. chwn hii ceng 
 
 sin ; undivided energies. lu co-ni chwn-chwn 
 m thia" ua ? Why do you wholly disregard my 
 wishes ? i5a lai k«-a hiie chwn m pat th6i°- 
 
 ki" id ; I came many times and never saw yon 
 at all. c^a si chwn boi ciah ; I cannot eat at 
 all at this time. i chi^n ai"; he altogether 
 
 desires it. wn-cliwn cf klii" sQ; finish up this 
 business. chwn khieh khu; take it away 
 
 altogether. liok b6 sang chwn ; bliss is never 
 twice complete. bun bii chwri cai ; he under- 
 stands both military and civil affairs. clu"-si 
 chwn b6 ho, juah cfti ; there has been no rnin 
 lately and it is very hot. ci png cu ua th6i" m 
 chwn ; I have not yet read this book through, 
 chwn hu hok-sek; a complete suit of clothes, 
 chwn sin phi kua ; completely accoutered. 
 chwn thhu ; a complete equipment. chwn tu 
 chwn ie"; whole hogs and sheep. i chwn i7i 
 
 hio su; he does not understand the matter at 
 all. chwn clang lu iJlu nang ke ; it depends 
 
 wholly upon your venerable self. kha chwn 
 theng ; rouse the whole school of fish by strik- 
 ing the water. ci cnang kua°-si phah chwn 
 theng; this lawsuit has beaten the whole posse 
 of them. lu chwn i7i pat hd khiap ; you are 
 wholly ignorant of what is best or what is 
 worst. lu kai ue ta" Ifti chwn boi cho ; what 
 you said was faultless. pai chwn cip-su; 
 bring out all the emblems off office. bvvn 
 chwn ; not the least. lu chwn bo aim khu \i ; 
 you have no mind to do it. 
 
 /|i^ chwn ^ To order; to transmit or- 
 1^^ 119 11 ders. chwn i lai k\°; order 
 him to appear. chvvn ho lau-ciang kio bun 
 
 p6i° kai ho-pang cek ie°; ushers are the same, 
 whether in military or in civil service. 
 
 e 30 Dumb. 
 lOfiG 8 e nang hau" tk" ue ; the dumb 
 are loquacious. ui lang, ui e, ui che°-me°; to 
 so cure the patient that he is deaf, dumb, and 
 
 blind. &a si tieh e ; you will be dumb in the 
 next world, (said in scolding a great talker). 
 i ^ sin e kui ; he is a dumb fellovr. 
 
 S 85 To wade. 
 __ 750 7 e kiie khoi ; wade across a 
 stream, tin-tang k6 chira, khfong-iii e i7i kuo; 
 it is deep in the middle, and I fear we cannot 
 wade ftcro.ss. e pin 8im-kua"-th&u ; wade in 
 up to the chest. kha raai" e ciii ; do not step 
 in that puddle. put-phii klio-kha cia° lip e ; 
 lift the bottoms of your trowsera, then you 
 can wade. 
 
 Te 1 The next ; below ; under. 
 183 2 § chu; the next time, e ni ; the 
 coming year. e jit ; some other day soon, 
 
 tang kau (^ k&i gueh ; wait until next month. 
 e cua cla" kiiieh Ifti ; he will bring it the nexfc 
 time. e hftng tieh cia'-se" ( p ; next time you 
 must do thus. § chut cp-ni cp? What is to be 
 done next ? e pai i m ka'; another time he will 
 not do BO. e liue, iTi li<5 ; do not do .so again, 
 e si ; another time, hereafter. cle" e si cu. m 
 sie tang; they were not the same the last time 
 as they were the first lime. § si tieh cai thoi"; 
 another time you must look out. chfu e k&i 
 nilng; subordinates. ti e nftng; those under 
 your control. kha chfu chek e kai nang ; 
 
 dependents, mak u kai keng-khuang h(5 me ? 
 Is the immediate prospect good? tbong thi" e 
 kai n&ng; all people under heaven. 16h laa e ; 
 gone down stairs. P^ng to chng e ; put it 
 
 under the table. teh to ci cu-cheh e ; put it 
 
 under this book, khng to tu e; hidden under 
 the cupboard. e chi'u kang ; the work of an 
 apprentice. cie" chi'u ciap e chfu ; there is no 
 interim between the predecessor and successor, 
 cie" chfu si i t<5 tin, e chi'u si lia t(5 tiu ; first 
 he lived there, and then I did. e po ; the 
 
 lower or latter portion, e-hai; the chin. Sm e; 
 the neck, below the chin. kha e ; under foot, 
 khn-mak e ; the side of the foot below the ankle 
 bone, kpli-thang-e ; the armpit. kha-thau-u 
 e; the kneepan. to-cai e ; the abdomen, hiap 
 e; the side, below the armpit, cie" png thak wn 
 cia" thak e png; read the preceding volumes, 
 then the succeeding. cie''-kua cp kau e-kua ; 
 worked from forenoon till afternoon. cie' 
 
 tng lau e tng ; save the preceding meal for the 
 succeeding one. cie ui, e ui ; higher and lower 
 positions. kph e ; Your Excellency. cie" 
 
 chiu p6i°, e chin p6i°; up and down in a land- 
 scape, to hu e si; down there on the lower 
 level. huang cie poi", huang e poi"; to wind- 
 ward and to leeward. cle° lau poi", e Iftu 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 119 
 
 p6i''; the side from which the tide comes in, 
 and the opposite side. to chia e la-liang ; 
 
 under a tree, enjoying the coolness. cun lui 
 kie e keng-kue ; the hoat passed under the 
 bridge. coi n8,ng chut i kai mhg e ; many 
 
 have been under his instruction. cie° hie", e 
 hie"; the upper and lower villages. cle in, e 
 in ; the upper and lower tiers. e cek cang ; 
 
 the lowest shelf. e cang cu ; the next session, 
 chali to i sit e ; carried under his wing. cie" 
 khu, e khu; the high and low departing tones, 
 cie phe", e phe"; the upper and lower even 
 tones. puah to tho e ; fell down upon the 
 
 ground. pak e; the belly. cun pak e; 
 
 under the boat. sua" kha e ; at the base of 
 
 the hill. 
 
 Tg 1 A stroke ; a time. 
 183 2 cek e; all together, cek e cSk e; 
 stroke by stroke. ua thia" i phah cek e cek e 
 hin-hin ; I heard the blows distinctly. ceng 
 hi'ang kiii e ? How many times did the clock 
 strike ? cek e tia"; but once. u jieh coi e ? 
 
 How many strokes were there ? bq kiii e cia 
 ho; done at a few strokes, lia thia" tieh coi-coi 
 e; I heard it many times, lu tang lia cek e ce ; 
 wait for me an instant. thai co cek e ; wait 
 
 for all to assemble. co cek e khieh lai ; bring 
 them all at once, cu co cek e ; collected in one 
 mass, kap cp cek e ; compiled in one. cp cek 
 e lai khu; go all together, chwn bo thoi" kii i 
 c§k e ; paid no regard whatever to him. 
 
 e 181 Incessant ; continually ; re- 
 697 7 peatedly. 
 i e-e lai ; he came again and again. i c-e pat 
 khu hu-ko ; he has been there time and again, 
 e-e m it-tit; am constantly forgetting it. i e-e 
 puah-16h khu ; he keeps falling down. 
 
 §" 75 The roof beams of a house. 
 1107 T ili-hp co e" ia ho cp thio ; 
 though not suitable for a main beam, it may 
 be useful as a prop. ti-tiang-si khia e" ? 
 
 When are the roof beams to be put up ? seng 
 e°; lay the main beam. toa e" toa sai ; heavy 
 timbers. chia" ti-tiang lai pho e"-thau ? Who 
 is to lay the main beam, (the corner stone) ? 
 pai e" teng kak lio ; the wood work of the roof 
 is completed, tin-tang e°; the main beam, ji 
 e"; the beam next the ridgepole. e° cai ; a 
 
 girder. i si ke iSi kai tang e"; he is the main 
 dependence of tlie family. ci kai nang si kok 
 ke kai tang e"; this man is the chief pillar of 
 the state. 
 
 — eh — 
 
 Irj eh 27 A dangerous obatraction. 
 / L^ 629 2 kai eh; hazardous, thio kiie 
 cf kai eh ; get over this obstruction. cui eh, 
 hiie eh ; in jeopardy by fire and water. 
 
 
 eh 61 Whatever. 
 /Ui\ 702 12 eh-cp-ni ; whatever may hap- 
 pen ; no matter what may come ; iu spite of 
 everything. eh-cp-ni lu tieh lai ; you must 
 
 come without fail. eh-cp-ni to u cun ; the 
 
 boats run under all circumstances. eh-cp-ni, 
 tia to ai"; no matter what the case may be, I 
 shall do so. 
 
 eh"-hem To make the sound re- 
 429 presented by the word, 
 ci gua ce eh"-hem hu iki cu chut lai ; as soon 
 as some one outside j^hems, some of those 
 inside come out. ce eh"-heni i cu cai ; 
 
 when he hems they know it to be the signal 
 agreed on. 
 
 — ek — 
 
 \>S ^^ — "^^ bathe ; to wash the body. 
 llir 1139 7 s6i-ek ; to bathe, cang-ek; 
 take a shower bath. phah-ek ; a plunge bath, 
 ju-ek ; a sponge bath. s6i-ek koi"; a bath 
 
 room. ek tn^ ; a bathing establishment. sdi 
 chin ciii ek ; bathe in cold water. loh khoi 
 khu s6i-ek ; go to the river to bathe. 
 
 ek 85 The juices of the body. 
 1095 8 cin-ek; saliva. se"cin-§k; 
 produces saliva. chiii teng bp mih cin-ek; 
 
 my mouth is rather dry. 
 
 Y^^ ek 85 To overflow ; to run over. 
 \Ti^ 1092 10 ek chut lai; to overflow, 
 khah miia" cii ai" ek tio ; if it is too full, it 
 will run over, khieh khu p6k-p6k ek ; spilled 
 it as he went. mai" ek cek koi" ciii ; do not 
 spill the water around. ek c6k sin ciii ; 
 
 spilled the water all over him. t§ mai" .sai 
 
 khah ti" cia" boi ek tio ; do not pour the tea- 
 cups too full, then they will not run over. 
 
 ek 124 Flanks or wings; assistants. 
 1093 11 li-ek; adherents, supporter.s, 
 helps, accomplices, aids. si i kai li-ek; is his 
 adherent. hun cp cp iu ek ; set apart as right 
 and left hand supporters. cp ek tie"; chief of 
 the stalf. cp-ek-c6ng-pia"; a Manchu lieuten- 
 ant commander. 
 
120 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THB SWA TOW DIALKCT. 
 
 ^ BH gk 149 To interpret ; to translate. 
 P^ 1094 18 ek ue ; to interpret Rpecch. 
 ek ji ; to translate written passnges. 6k (U; 
 translate books. hwn ek kua"; official inter- 
 preters, cang sai-kok u« ek c6 tong-kok ue ; 
 translate European languages into Chinese. 
 ci kai ti-hng bo niing 5i ek iie ; there is no one 
 here who can act as interpreter. ci kii Qe 6k 
 chut Ifii si cie°-8e" ta°; this Bentence is thus 
 translated. 
 
 ek 130 The arm-pits ; the fur under 
 1095 8 the fore legs of animals, 
 hu-ek khiu ; a robe made from the fur under 
 the legs of foxes, dp ek seng khiu; ho collects 
 bits of fur from under the legs of foxes to n«iko 
 his robe; he asks aid from everybody. ci Ie° 
 leh oi ti ek-li\u"; this medicine will cure fetor 
 of the arm-pits. 
 
 6k 72 To change ; to exchange. 
 
 281 4 koi-ek ; pien-ek ; to change, 
 kau-ck ; to barter. boi i-ek ; unchangeable. 
 
 i-6k hong-sok ; modify the prevailing custom, 
 seng-li mong-ek ; trade is mutable. keng.6k 
 ui-chu ; exchange locations. 
 
 6k 108 To swash about. 
 
 869 12 eui 6k lai ek khu ; the water 
 swashes to and fro. ta" hd-ho, i cu boi hie" 
 
 6k ; carry it gently and then it will not swash 
 over. pdk-pok ek ; to swash up and down, 
 
 as water in a pail that is shaken. 
 
 eek 180 The heart or breast, the 
 1093 13' thoughts, the feelings. 
 ek-k\en ; prejudices; notions; opinions biased 
 by feelings. i si peng i ka,i ek-kien cu td 
 
 koi-sueh ; he explains it in accordance with his 
 preconceived notions, cia si kie-cp ek sueh, i7i 
 si tia"-tieh cie^-se" sueh ; this may be called a 
 whimsical exposition, it is not necessarily 
 thus explained, cek nang kai ek-twn bue cok 
 ui Clin ; the judgment of one person is not 
 sufficient to form a criterion. 
 
 ek 9 c!ah-ek ; a disease, in which 
 1093 6 there is a voracious appetite, 
 ■while the patient grows thin : it is probably 
 caused by tape-worm. 
 
 6k 9^ A hundred thousands. 
 lHi£\ 1092 13 cap bvvn ui 6k; ten ten- 
 thousands are a hundred thousands. 6k tio ; 
 myriads. 
 
 — eng — 
 
 eng 61 Right and proper; should be. 
 [li> 1106 13 eng-kai ; tng-eng-kai ; ought; 
 should. Iiii eng-kai hai" i ; you ought to repay 
 him. kham eng-kai cie''-se"; it ought to be so. 
 png eng-kai kai; that which it is one's duty 
 to do. 8l ua eng hun cO kai ; it is what it is 
 my duty to do. i eiig-tit kai ci"; the money 
 that he ought properly to get. i7i eng-kai 
 
 cie'-se"; ought not to l)e thus. elm si liiaug 
 
 eng; is eminently suitable. 
 
 eng 196 The parrot kind. 
 
 Il05 17 eng-bii; a parrot, eng-kp; 
 the macaw. p6h eng-bii ; the cockatoo, eng- 
 bu ia 61 til" Qe, nang ft si thu-thu 6i la" ue, m 
 pat loi-ngl, kha in si kio eng-bii cek ie° ? 
 Parrots can talk, and if a person can merely 
 talk, without any understanding of propriety 
 in talking, is he not like a parrot? 
 
 _ to M. 
 
 eng 104 A carbuncle, or abscess. 
 
 1108 17 se" eng; have an abscess. 
 c{ kai eng chut l&ng &a u kiii kai chng-khau ; 
 this abscess, after breaking, had several open* 
 ings. 
 
 eng 120 A certain sort of fringe. 
 1106 17 &ng eng bo; a hat with red 
 fringes, ti cam-eng bo; wear a conical fringed 
 hat. eng bo chiu ; the fringe worn on liats. 
 
 Ill to cam-eng; hat fringe that has served 
 seveml generations. tiie cek phau ang eng ; 
 had a tuft of red fringe attached to it. 
 
 eng 88 
 1105 14 
 
 An infant. 
 
 eng ji ; a young child. idle 
 eng tag; a foundling hospital. 
 
 -r ro eng 75 The cherry. 
 t"^^ 1105 17 kim-eng ; cherries, eng-thft ; 
 the red peach. eng-tho chili ; cherry lips, 
 
 kim-eng ko; cherry paste. 
 
 ^i^^ eng 140 Brave and eminent. 
 l/sC 1104 5 eng-meng; clear-headed, 
 eng khi pwt-pwt; of fine presence, eng-hiong; 
 heroes ; manly. eng cieh ; blue limestone. 
 
 ttJ^ eng 109 To fly into the eyes. 
 fr|V 590 6 eng tieh mak; got some dusi 
 in his eyes. M kai mak mi''-mi° m ka° tie" 
 
 khui si khut sim-mih kai eng tieh a m si ? You 
 shut your eyes and dare not open them because 
 you have got something in them, is not that 
 it ? ci khi miieh m-ho eng tieh, eng tieh cQ 
 che°-me"; do not get this in your eyes, if you 
 do it will blind you. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 121 
 
 A term for all accipi trine 
 birds, as the eagle, hawk, 
 
 W^ eng 196 
 /^ 1103 19 
 kite and falcon, 
 eng do ; an eagle, eng mak ; eagle-eyed, eng 
 phi"; a hooked beak ; an aquiline nose. i k6 
 ciah eng khu pang ; he made a kite in the form 
 of an eagle, and flew it. lio-eng-po ; a hawk, 
 eng ngun ; dollars having an eagle on them, 
 ciah eng sut loh lai tio koi-kia"; an eagle 
 swooped down and carried off a chicken, eng- 
 iang ; soaring falcons ; warriors who at first 
 were private soldiers. cp-pu. khu ciah eng- 
 
 iang ang ; go together to the soldiers' banquet. 
 
 eng-teng Dust; motes in the air. 
 1082 pua° tio eng-teng; 
 brush off the dust. pua° lio eng-teng pue 
 
 c§k koi"; after the dusting, the dust flies all 
 through the room. hie" kii b6 sau i cii chie 
 
 eng-teng ; it has not been swept for so long a 
 time that the dust has settled over everything. 
 eng-tSng choi" cheng-khih lio ce sau cu se" 
 eng-teng ; when you have brushed off all the 
 dust, as soon as you sweep again it is dusty. 
 
 P_^ eng-sok The poppy. 
 '^1 a 823 eng-sok khak ; the 
 capsules of the poppy plant. eng-.sok bi; poppy 
 seeds. a-ph\en-hun si eng-sok co kai ; opium 
 is made from the poppy. kim bo nang ceng 
 eng-sok ; prohibit the cultivation of the poppy. 
 
 VHa eng 85 Waves. 
 
 •>// 1148 9 cui-e'ng ; billows, huang eng 
 toa ; it is very windy and the waves are high. 
 u huang eng ; the sea is rough, bo huang 6ng] 
 smooth waters. u si sui-si u huang to bo mih 
 6ng ; sometimes although there is wind the 
 waves are not high. mai" khut eng-chiu pun 
 cek sin ; do not let the spray dash over yon. 
 eng kau ; the trough of the wave. eng peh- 
 peh eng cu si toa; if the waves are white they 
 are high. cun-thau chie° eng-kak ; head the 
 boat to the crest of the wave. 
 
 Ijg eng_ 61 To fulfill; to meet expecta- 
 />U^> 1106 13 tion ; a response, 
 kau Su-lai cin eng-ngiam i kai ue ; afterward 
 his^ prophecy was really fulfilled. cek eng ku 
 chwn ; all completely furnished. i btie ceng 
 ^ng sgng ; he has not yet answered the request, 
 eng-ngiam kai Jiang hng ; a verified prescrip- 
 tion, khu ciap-eng i ; go and reinforce him. 
 keng-eng kau kau ; to entertain very hospi- 
 tably, tit sim eng chiu ; meets my expecta- 
 tions, kam ^ng; to reverberate, sua" meng 
 kok eng ; the hills and valleys echo. ii khiu 
 
 pit eng ; if there be prayer, there will certainly 
 be response, khiu khu Q ^ng; there is response 
 to the appeal. 
 
 '%J^^ 6ng 85 To pour on in small quantities. 
 lyiu 368 12 khieh chph ciii khu hng hue ; 
 get some water and water the shrubs. hng 
 
 ke°-chai ; water the vegetables. 
 
 eng 140 
 1145 13 
 
 The Convolvulus reptans, 
 whose stem and leaves are 
 
 mucilaginous, and are eaten as a vegetable. 
 
 boi pe eng-chai IM ciah liang ; buy a bunch of 
 
 this vegetable and eat it for its cooling effect. 
 
 cui eng, hng eng ; the water-grown, and the 
 
 land grown varieties. 
 
 eng 39 
 1104 2 
 eng ; with child. 
 
 Pregnant. 
 
 u eng ; t6 teng ii eng ; hAai 
 
 HJ eng 101 Use ; to use ; to employ. 
 /ij 1149 bo eng; bo teng eng; u-seless. 
 u eng ; useful, sai eng ; to make use of. hui- 
 eng ; to wear out. jit eng; in constant use. 
 
 hua eng ; to use wastef ully. khiam eng ; use 
 sparingly. cak-eng; frugal. tSi eng; very 
 useful, mai" eng i ; do not employ him. tieh 
 eng i ; needs employ him. ai" co mih eng ? 
 
 Of what use is it ? ai° eng sim mueh ? What 
 use will you put it to ? eng tieh a m eng tieh ? 
 Will it do for this use or not ? lu co eng cie"- 
 se° ? What use is there in your doing so ? mi'ii 
 eng ; it is needless. eng i su ; use your judg- 
 ment, eng kha eng chi'u ; use hands and feet, 
 eng hi" lai thia", eng mak lai th6i''; use your 
 ears and eyes. eng pit si co-ni eng cia" tit 
 
 huap ? In using the pen how is it to be used so 
 as to be in accordance with the rules ? chwn 
 eng; wholly available. chwn-chwn bo eng ; 
 completely useless for the purpose ? bo thang 
 eng ; have nothing to use for the purpose, 
 cok ciah cok eng ; enough to live upon. eng 
 wn ; all used up. eng rli vvn ; more than can 
 be used, cieh lu eng ; lend to you to use. ke 
 eng kai mueh ; a thing of many uses, eng ci° 
 eng ngun ; lay out money. eng sim cp ; do it 
 faithfully, eng lak; expend force, kong eng ; 
 for public use. ceng nang kong eng ; used by 
 all in common, sai-khia eng; for private use. 
 Ill chi eng thoi" ce ; you give it a trial. raai" 
 theng eng ; do not use it in all sorts of ways, 
 ho eng lu ; may avail myself of your services, 
 na" eng cie"-se° ? Why make such use of it? 
 khua" si mueh, kin si eng ; what is made in 
 leisure hours, comes into use in emergencies, 
 i kai eng-to khiam ; his outlays are very care- 
 fully made. 
 
122 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 6WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 gai 112 To impede; to stop progress. 
 
 620 14 c(5-gai; impedes, huang-gai; 
 to hinder. bo huang b6 gai ; without im- 
 
 pediment of any sort. si phi" b6 huang-gjli; 
 no hindrances from any quarter. 6i gai tieh a 
 bSi ? Will that interfere in any way ? ua b6i 
 gai ileh lu; I shall not interfere with you. gai 
 kha, gai chiu, gai mak, gai tieh chiii ; to im- 
 pede the u.se of the feet, hands, eyes or mouth, 
 gai tieh lo ; impede progress. 
 
 — gfiu — 
 
 Buy g^u 164 Wise ; learned ; sage. 
 J^\ 197 8 gftu nftng ; sage people. 
 g&u cS,i ; very wise. toa giiu nftng ; a very 
 
 learned person. ci k&i gnu kue hu kai ; this 
 is superior to that in moral excellence. hd 
 
 kio gan nung tang si, mai" kio ngb iiflng t&ng 
 se"; it is better die with the wise than to live 
 with the foolish. mua"-ti-ko khu chini-chue 
 gftu-nang; went everywhere seeking the wise. 
 
 — gauh — 
 
 g&uh 75 Music, one of the six 
 654 11 liberal arts. 
 chu gS,uh ; to make music. gftuh khi ; gauh 
 ku ; musical instruments. loi gfiuh ; the 
 
 refinements and elegancies of life. 
 
 M^ ge 92 A prong ; tines. 
 ,^\ 1066 ci ki che kiii ge ? How many 
 prongs has this fork ? ki° sa° ge a ai° si ge ? 
 Do you want three tines or four ? co cek ge 
 cek ge ; make it pronged. 
 
 y^^ ge 144 The house or oflBce of a ruler; 
 jrtl 1007 7 a court; a tribunal, 
 ge-miig; a Chinese oflBcial establishment; a 
 yamun ; a public court. gg hiah ; oflficial 
 
 messengers. pai gg ; open the court, bun bu 
 ge-miig ; civil and military tribunals. ge lai ; 
 belonging to the official staff. kua° ge ; official 
 bureau. ehwn ge ; an employe at the yamun. 
 li ge-mng su ; exercise the functions of an 
 official. iSu ge-mng ; an old habitue' of the 
 
 court. g§ cu ; an official weevil, a mercenary 
 officer. 
 
 JEQ gg 92 Tusks; large teeth; molars. 
 ^^4 1066 chie" ge; elephants' tusks, ge 
 tu ; ivory chop-sticks. gg jio ; teeth and 
 
 claws. eng i cp ge jio ; use him as a cat's 
 
 paw. gd-chiam khi-thak ; a bunch of toilet 
 
 picks, ka gg chiet chf ; gnash the teeth, hwt 
 
 gC ; to teeth. chit c8, poih pg, kau hwt g^ ; 
 sit alone at seven months, creep at eight, and 
 teeth at nine. tu-kp ge ; a wild boar's tusk, 
 ba ge ; tushes, si-kue iii ba ge ; watermelons 
 fear prominent teeth. ge kun kS kin ; the 
 
 teeth set. g6-kwn kin-pi ; lockjaw. 
 
 ge-lang Striped, variegated ia 
 SOI color, 
 ge-laiig sph ; colored cotton cord, sold in many 
 colors, ge-laug pi°; colored braids. 
 
 M^m 
 
 gfi-kang A centipede. 
 1063 che" kha gfi-kang, &ng 
 kha gO-kang ; green foot«d and red footed cen- 
 tipedes, gd-kang-kia"; a young centipede. 
 g6-kang ki ; a long narrow flag. ge-kang la ; 
 oil in which centipedes have been soaked, 
 used as medicine. gd-kang k& koi-b(5 u, cl"- 
 16ng ka khi toa chu ; if a centipede bites you 
 poultice it with a chicken, but if a lizard 
 bites you have your coffin made. 
 
 m 
 
 g6 75 The cocoa tree. 
 1079 9 ge-ci ; a cocoa-nut. gQ-cf 
 
 khak ; cocoa-nut shells. ge-ci nfik ; the meat 
 of a cocoa-nut. ge-ci-sui ; cocoa-nut husk, 
 
 ge-ci ra6h'; the brown film on the surface of 
 the meat of a cocoa-nut. g6-ci cUi ; g@-ci c^u ; 
 the milk of a cocoa-nut. 
 
 g6 140 A germ ; a sprout. 
 1067 4 hwt ge; pauh g6; piuh gg; to 
 sprout, tau ge, beh gS, kok g6 ; bean, wheat, 
 and paddy sprouts. 
 
 m 
 
 ge 142 To polish as by a calendering 
 1067 4 stone. 
 i kai kim ge hli ngia cai ; his gold is very 
 finely burnished, cang hue-si ge kku kng-kng; 
 smooth it with the trowel till it shines. chie" 
 ge lai pe"; the wall is made very smooth, 
 ma-lau ge ; a quartz stone used in smoothing 
 plastered walls. 
 
 — gek — 
 
 3 A gek 96 A stone fit for a lapidary ; 
 ik 1138 1) jade and fine quartz, 
 peh gek; white jade. hui-chiii gek; mottled 
 jade. ggk khi ; articles of jade or quartz, 
 
 gek pne, gek chiu-hwn, gek pang-ci, gek chiu- 
 cak ; jade cups, bracelets, thumb-rings, and 
 finger-rings. gek phiie-thau ; jade ornamen- 
 tation, ggk hi" kau-tlmi ; jade ear drops, 
 gek nng ; your daughter. gek jin ; a lovely 
 girl, kim gek ; very lovely. gek cieh ku un; 
 indiscriminate destruction. kim gek cSi ; 
 precious, admii-able. 
 
DICTIONARY OP THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 128 
 
 ggk 94 A prison ; a dungeon. 
 IR/V 1139 10 tl-gek; the abode of the dam- 
 ned. 16-gek ; purgatory. loh ti-gek ; go to 
 hell, phah loh ti-gek; sent to hell, gek-cut; 
 a jailor. khui ti-ggk rang ; release from 
 
 purgatory. 
 
 _gi_ 
 
 V^^ gi 103 Doubt ; suspect. 
 >v4lr 275 "9" eng cia mai" gi, gi cla mai" 
 6ng; do not suspect those whom you employ^ 
 nor employ those whom you suspect. ci kia 
 RU ua thoi" tieh gi-su ; I consider this very sus- 
 picious, i sim lai hu-gi ; he is doubtful in his 
 own mind. i thoi" tieh hu-liu gi-gi, m cek 
 
 kwt; he considered it very doubtful, and vvas 
 unable to decide, sim gi se" am kiii ; the ima- 
 gination produces ghosts, gi-hok ; sim ISi gi- 
 hok ; in great doubt. pi hiam-gi ; avoid vvhat 
 is suspicious, bo g£; without doubt, chai-gi ; 
 to doubt. ci kiii pe" si gi pe"; this ailment is 
 hypochondriacal. in-ui cie"-se" ti-kau i gi ; 
 in this way he was lead to doubt, pi nang gi ; 
 suspected. ci kai nang si ho gi ; this person 
 may well be suspected. i to gi sin gi kiii ; he 
 Buspects everybody and everything. chi-gi 
 
 put kwt; irresolute and uncertain. chi-chi 
 
 gi-gi ; apprehensive, i kai nang to gi ; he is a 
 doubter, 
 
 — gia — 
 
 gia 149 To wonder; to express 
 1067 4. surprise, 
 thoi" tieh kia"-gia ; beheld it with amazement, 
 ceng nang thia" tieh kai-kai kia''-gia hai-i ; 
 when they heard it they were every one of 
 them filled with wonder and surprise. 
 
 — go — 
 
 VC go 195 The porpoise or river pig. 
 
 pu 276 6 peh-go ; peh-go hu ; por- 
 poises. th6i°-ki" biie peh-go to pha-lin-tau ; 
 saw a porpoise frisking about. 
 
 §|y E^ ?^ To thwart ; to hinder by 
 |4yV 1063 7 carelessness or by mistake, 
 go tieh su ; to cause a thing to miscarry. go 
 hai ho nang ; unwittingly injure the good, 
 cek go kha-iong cai go ; one false step leads to 
 others. tam-go ; to dawdle, and thus cause 
 
 an enterprise to fail. sit go ; to fail in doing, 
 go lio si-kheh ; to miss the time set. go tai 
 
 su; cause important business to fall through, 
 go sie"; mistake in reasoning, go jin ; confess 
 the wrong thing. cho go ; err by mistake, 
 
 lim-si twn-twn boi go ; shall certainly not fail 
 of being there at the exact time. lim-si tam- 
 
 go ; delay at the critical moment. g5 Sng 
 
 chong-m6ng; misused his knowledge. ku-i 
 
 tam-go ; purposely thwart by delay. g5 koi ; 
 wrongly explain, go thwn; report erroneously. 
 
 — goi — 
 
 goi 140 A craft ; a calling ; an 
 283 15 accomplishment, 
 chiu-goi ; handicraft, kang-hu chiu goi; good 
 workmanship, ki goi; skilled work, oh sim- 
 mih goi? What trade is he learning? ho bu- 
 goi ; a good trade. hak-sip bu-goi ; learn a 
 
 trade. oh u cek kia" goi to sin-teng cQ m-ui ; 
 one who knows a trade need not fear. lii 
 
 sim-mih chiu goi ? What craft do you follow ? 
 choi° chfing b\vn ti put ju poh goi sui sin ; 
 much land is not so good as a trade even half 
 learned. 
 
 — go- 
 go 75 Fetters or gyves. 
 
 *|ll 454 7 i kliut i liah khu g6 ; he was 
 seized and fettered by them. kua cha go ; 
 
 wear wooden gyves. ci sang 6i hie" tSng 
 
 cheng lio chin-chie" kua cha-go hie°-se''; these 
 shoes are so heavy that wearing them is like 
 being fettered with wooden gyves. khut i gd 
 to ko ku-ii kai gueh ; was fettered for several 
 months. 
 
 go 142 Nocturnal moths ; a disease 
 
 627 7 of the throat, 
 choi" go; the silk-worm moth, teng go; moths 
 that flutter around a light. go bai ; delicate 
 
 eyebrows. go bai gueh ; the thin crescent 
 
 moon. toa" go ; a swollen tonsil. sang go ; 
 swollen tonsils. 
 
 ^B go 196 The domestic goose. 
 ^»^ 627 7 cSk ciah go ; a goose. go- 
 
 b<5, g6-heng, go-kia"; goose, gander, and gos- 
 lings, chau-go ; the common goo.se. thien-go; 
 a crane, hai-go; a pelican, te" si pho hai-go; 
 feign death in order to catch pelicans. go 
 
 mo" si°; goose feather fans. go mo" kiig ; a 
 
 goose-quill. go cie"; a goose's foot. go kia" 
 ah po ; an humble bearing. liah go-kia" pien 
 nang co ah-kia"; depreciate for the sake of 
 selling at any price. 
 
 go 184 To starve ; to go without 
 
 627 7 food, 
 go si ; starve to death. go kiii ; io go kiii ; 
 
 starving ghosts, the manes of those who have 
 no descendants to offer them food. to si hue 
 ceng go tieh ; 1 am not yet hungry. cek jit 
 
 t<? go ; ate nothing all day. tang mng-khi go 
 kau me"-hng cia" ciah ; ate nothing from morn- 
 
124 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 8WAT0W DlALKCT. 
 
 ing till nigtt. go khah kiie <ng ciah Ho hi' 
 
 sie"; if you go without food too long, when you 
 eat the food will distress you. i to si m pat 
 
 go tieh ; he does not know what it is to fast, 
 go kau s.dng-sang ng-sng fig-sng ; starved till 
 he was thin and cadaverous. 
 
 A 
 
 — gu — 
 
 /\\ gu 03 Bovine animals; kine ; cattle. 
 *~| G38 cek ciah gu ; an ox. gu ko, 
 g^ h6, gu kia"; a bull, a cow, and a calf. ciii- 
 gu ; the water buifalo. sai-gu ; a rhinoceros, 
 iig-gu ; ma-gQ ; a cow. sua" gu ; cattle that do 
 not frequent the water. gu-nek ; beef. gu- 
 ni ; railk. g{x-la ; suet. g6-nl-pfa"; cheese, 
 gu-ni-iu; butter, gd-phok ; cow's hump, gu- 
 phue ; leather, cowhide. gu-ng ; cow-bezoar. 
 gu peh-cheh ; the manyplus of an ox. liu gii- 
 ni ; to milk a cow. chl gu ; to keep cows, 
 
 khang gu ; to tend cows. gA mo° chut t6 
 
 g{l sin teng ; cow-hair comes from cows ; you 
 get your income from what you invest your 
 money in. chie gu-ko ; a steer. g\i-kia" m 
 pat h6°; a calf is ignorant about tigers, tl-gu 
 ua° koi"; the ox that supports the earth shifts 
 it on his shoulders ; an earthquake. gA oi 
 
 bo ; a mill turned by cattle. gA-raftk-a"; 
 
 blinds for cattle. gA-ta"-wn ; an ox yoke, gfi 
 koi"; a cow house. cfe" gu kui a-no'-kfa"; a 
 
 cow boy. gu to ; a slaughter house, gu-kun ; 
 ox sinews. chng tieh gu phi"; perforate the 
 nose of an ox. nang ui ji, gii ui phi"; people 
 dread written agreements as the ox dreads the 
 nose ring. g{i-thau thak khoi ; read the deed 
 of sale at the ox's head. ci ciah gu 6i hi'a" 
 
 n^ng ; this ox is apt to hook people, khut gii 
 tak tieh ; gored by an ox. nang sim-kua", 
 
 gii sai-t6 ; people have hearts, and cattle have 
 paunches. gxi kai ni-p6 ; a cow's udder, g^ 
 kai ni-th&u ; a cow's teats. ti-gu ; a tadpole. 
 
 — gUa — 
 
 jh\y gQa 86 Outer ; outside ; external. 
 y\ 1037 ^ lai gua; inner and outer, 
 gua nang ; not one of our party. gua kok ; 
 
 foreign countries. gua se"; another province, 
 lia thia°-ki" gua-thau nang cie''-se°ta°; I heard 
 an outsider say so. gua kang nang ; an alien, 
 gua min ; the external surface. leng-gua ; 
 
 besides. m cai i leng-gua fl a bo ; I do not 
 
 know whether he has an,y besides these, l^ng- 
 gua u ; there are some besides these. t A chii 
 cu gua, bo nang ia° i ; besides this one, there 
 is no one who surpasses him. tu i cu gua bo 
 n&ng lai ; besides him no one came. cfa tii 
 
 gua fl jieh coi ? How many are there besides 
 this one ? keh gua un-tien ; grace above what 
 
 is demanded, k^k gua ; neutrals. cfa sng-sl 
 I gtia k&i su ; this is something that was not 
 calculated upon. chut gfla n&ng ; those gone 
 abroad. i khu chut gua cia" t£g lai ; he went 
 abroad and returned. lu t5 hu gua lai thia" 
 Q nftng co-ni ta" mg ? When you were coming 
 from there did you hear anything said ? khia 
 to ning gua ; standing outside the door. iSi 
 gua u kak piet ; there is a distinction made 
 between tiiose who belong to the party and 
 those who do not. ci kai nang Q gua chfti ; 
 
 this man has superabundant means. gua btt ; 
 outside business. bu gua; give attention to 
 outside matters. gua bfl ci"; perquisites, 
 
 i cio"-8e" Hi se" gua su; in that way he stirs up 
 additional trouble. i cia" chap tieh gua bu 
 
 cu hd sim hd cia" co ; since he has entered into 
 other occupations he has no interest in doing 
 this. chut-hu cheng-li cu gua; beyond what 
 is reasonable. gua ma; maternal grand- 
 
 mother, gua ke ; gua ke-thfiu ; the wife's 
 
 relations. gua sun ; the child of a daughter 
 or sister. 16 raiii" gua-gua ne, chin-chie" gua 
 n&ng hie°-8e"; do not act so unconcernedly, as 
 if you were not of us. ue l&i gua i ; drawn 
 
 better than one would expect. cf k&i p5" si 
 gua kdm a si ISi sie" ? Does this disease arise 
 from outward or inward causes ? pang t6 gua 
 keh a t6 Ifti keh ? Did you put it in the outer 
 or the inner compartment ? khu kau i gua 
 tia"; went to the outer court. chut khu sia" 
 gua ; went out to the suburbs, cek peh cu gua 
 hwn u jieh c5i ? How many over a hundred are 
 there ? boi chut gua ko ; sell for exporta- 
 
 tion. tok chut gua keng ; banished beyond the 
 frontier. gua mftu"; external appearance, i 
 t6-cau t5 gua ; he fled to a remote place, gua 
 hng; distant regions. hun gua 6i ]i su; can 
 manage affairs that are be3'ond his domain. 
 
 — gueh — 
 
 p^ gueh 74 Moon ; month ; monthly. 
 y~J 1129 gueh-nie; the moon, gtieh- 
 bai ; the crescent moon, gueh chut ; the moon 
 rises, g^eh 16h ; the moon sets, gueh khih ; 
 the moon wanes. gueh i"; the moon waxes, 
 
 gueh sih ; an eclipse of the moon. gueh h6k 
 i"; the eclipse ceases. kiu gueh ; ceremonies 
 to preserve the moon during an eclipse. ci 
 
 kai gueh toa a soi ? Has this month thirty 
 days or only twenty-nine ? cek ni cap-ji kfti 
 gueh ; one year is twelve months. sa" ni kSi 
 jun gueh ; there is an intercalary month once 
 in three years. gueh-gueh u nang lai ; some 
 one comes every month. ang gueh sng-sio ; 
 
 settle accounts monthly. co ci" si lun gueh a 
 si lun nl kai ? Is the rent paid by the month 
 
DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 125 
 
 or by the year ? gueh kng cJli; the moonlight 
 is very bright. u gueh ; there is a raoon. 
 
 th(5i''-ki° gueh-hua ; see the halo around the 
 moon. gueh phek ; the dark body of the 
 
 moon. gueh thiiu, gueh piia", gueh bvie ; the 
 first, the middle, and the end of the month. 
 h<5 gueh sek ; bright moonlight. cie" kai 
 
 gueh ; last month. rie" sa" kai gueh ; three 
 
 months ago. ci kai gueh ; this month, e kai 
 gueh ; next month. ke no kai gueh ; in two 
 
 months more. kai gua gueh ; over a month, 
 kai gua-gua gueh; a good deal more than a 
 month. cci° kai gueh ; month before last, 
 
 cek khiii sa" kai gueh ; one season is three 
 months, kia" gueh-keng; to menstruate, kkn 
 gueh Ho ; to come to the full time. kue gueh 
 lio ; to pass the expected time for confinement, 
 gueh sin, gueh ciii, gueh su; the menses. pi 
 gueh ; suppression of the menses. co rniia" 
 
 gueh ; to receive congratulations a month after 
 childbirth. hwn-lio gueh cluiu ci"; still 
 
 irregular in the monthly periods. ci kai a- 
 
 iio°-kia" 10 ci° gueh, hii kai io sek gueh ; this 
 infant is still younger than that one. kai 
 
 lang gueh ; a little over a month. kai chun 
 
 gueh ; kai chut gueh ; more than a month. 
 gueh-sia° ce kau ai° sng-sio ; when the month 
 is up we will settle the accounts. chiu-kau 
 
 jl-cap me", gueh cie" gueh loh ji sa" ke"; on the 
 ninth and the twentieth of the month, the moon 
 rises and sets in the second and third watches, 
 gueh pia", gueh kp ; cakes made to use in 
 worship at the full of the eighth moon. poih 
 gueh cfi.p-ng6 kie-cp tong-chiu coih ; the middle 
 of the eighth month is called the festival of 
 the middle of autumn. cia" gueh cap-ngo 
 
 me" kie-cp ngwn-sio me"; the fifteenth night 
 of first month is called the night of the first 
 full moon. lai u si kai gueh ; came four 
 
 months ago. boi lai u ngo kai gueh kii ; 
 
 bought it five months ago. soi" lak kai gueh ; 
 six months before. chit kai gueh coi"; seven 
 months beforehand, mui" g^eli ; every month, 
 jit gueh p ; a smooth bivalve, red on one side 
 and yellow on the other. gueh me"; gueh 
 
 kng me"; moonlight nights. kang-hu si lun 
 
 glieh a si lun jit ? Is the work done by the 
 day or by the month ? 
 
 — gui — 
 
 gui 186 a-gui ; asafetida, brought 
 , 1055 18 from Persia and Cashmere, 
 
 and used for plaisters. It is also burnt as a 
 deodorizer, a-gui bp cin, khiak u cin ; though 
 asafetida is not real, there is such a thing as 
 real asafetida. 
 
 ^SL gu 149 Words, phrases, discourse. 
 |1p| 1 126 ~7~ ngan-gu ; words ; conversa- 
 tion, put hu nin kau thS.u ciap gu ; shall not 
 allow you to put your heads together and 
 whisper, sok gu ; a proverb. un gu ; a dark 
 saying. seng gu ; pin-cia" gd ; trite expres- 
 
 sions, ngan-gu cho-sok ; vulgar expressions, 
 ko gti ; old sayings. 
 
 gu 113 To withstand ; to resist. 
 f^ 1127 11 gu i ill cu ; cannot withstand 
 him. bp nang gu i tit cii ; no one can with- 
 
 stand them. gu-tek ; resist ; oppose. tii gu ; 
 take a stand against. hxiang-gu ; to guard 
 
 against. 
 
 fi^rt gu 187 To curb and drive a horse ; 
 *nS^ 1127 2 a charioteer, 
 gu chia, gu be; to drive a chariot or a horse, 
 ke gu ai" u huang-huap ; there are rules for 
 managing and curbing a horse : there is a 
 right way to rule the people, uang-ho ia-si i"- 
 keng kue khu kai, cheng-hu i kai chia-ke cp 
 sien-gu ; an empress who has died, is spoken 
 of personally as one taken away in a fairy 
 chariot. 
 
 441 
 i kai kha u j 
 are spurred. 
 
 gu pit chin c 
 coi" si lie; in 
 imperial seal 
 himself goes 
 si gu su kai ; 
 
 i 
 
 gu 
 1138 
 wears a jade 
 Is it opaque 
 jade seal. 
 
 157 A spur ; the dew-claw or 
 6 hallux on birds, 
 rti ; i kai kha kiia kai gu ; its feet 
 
 60 Royal ; imperial. 
 
 8 gu hd ; the Imperial Canal. 
 
 u ; the imperial autograph. gu 
 
 the imperial presence, gu in; the 
 
 gu-ke chin ceng ; the sovereign 
 
 forth to subjugate, ci kia" mueh 
 
 this is a royal grant. 
 
 96 Jade. 
 
 i kua kha gu chiu-hwn ; she 
 bracelet. si lio kai a si gu kai ? 
 glass, or is it jade ? gu in ; a 
 
 ha — 
 
 to warm 
 
 jtrtt ha 80 To breath upon, 
 
 ^^J 215 6 with the breath. 
 
 ha i sie ; warm it by breathing upon it. ha i 
 
 nng ; soften it by breathing on it. mai" khku, 
 
 lia kio lli ha ce ; don't cry, I will breath on the 
 
 hurt spot to assuage the pain for you. 
 
 B3 ^^ L^§ To bend ; to stoop. 
 FX 182 9 ha ie ; to bow. ki" tieh cQ 
 ha ie ; on seeing him she bowed low. 
 
126 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 hk 89 Mourning apparel. 
 
 193 4 cie" ha; put on raonrning. 
 thut La ; put off mourning, toa ha ; in mourn- 
 ing, i toa ti-tiang kS,i ha ? For whom is he in 
 mourning ? cheng ha h6k ; wear mourning 
 
 garments. i kai ha-hok miia" a hue ? Is his 
 
 mourning suit completed yet ? ha-h6k khin ; 
 light mourning. ha-h6k tSng ; deep mourn- 
 ing, ha tng ; drape a hall in mourning, cek- 
 coi cie" ha ; assemble and put on mourning 
 simultaneously. 
 
 ha 76 To gird ; to cord up; to bind. 
 
 779 8 ha ie ; gird the loins, ai" gfi- 
 li clah tieh khieh kp ui-ie kliu ha; when you 
 prepare supper you must put on an apron. ci 
 hie" coi ki ha cp cek e ; bind all these in one 
 sheaf, tieh ha-bua cia° koi khieh ; tie them in 
 a bunch, then you can carry them easily. , ha 
 thau p6 ; a turban, ha Ie toa ; a girdle. 
 
 ^{^^ ha 149 The noise of a crowd ; a cla- 
 [i/f^ 727 18 mor; a disturbance, 
 ha-ha jiang; to vociferate with many voices at 
 once. ha-ha-k\e che"-soi bua khu ; to shout 
 
 and press forward, as to an attack in battle. 
 k6 ce hiang, ha-ce-kie che°-soi khu ; when the 
 drum sounds yell and rush forward to tlie 
 attack. thia"-ki" ha-ha sia", iTi cai nang jleh 
 coi ; heard the clamor of many voices, but did 
 not know how many persons there were. 
 
 — ha" — 
 
 ha" 201 Yellow. 
 
 252 ha"-hun; twilight; the gloara- 
 ha°-hun-kla"; just at dusk. 
 
 ci kai ngAn ha" kai, tieh th6 sa" hun ciii ; this 
 dollar has a crack in it, and three candareens 
 must therefore be deducted from its value. 
 
 M 
 
 ing. 
 
 4 An interrogative adverb, ex- 
 4 pressive of doubt, placed at 
 
 IfiSn ^^° ^- ^^ intimidate ; to scare ; to 
 fV&r 219 14 theaten ; to browbeat. i to 
 ha" i kai ; he is intimidating him. khufc i ce 
 ha" cu tho ; as soon as he shouted out at her, 
 she drew back. mai" ha" i m pat ; do not 
 
 scare him so that he cannot answer. 
 
 jT 224 
 
 the end of a sentence, kha m si cie°-se" ha" ? 
 That is the way it is, is it ? cie"-se" kha ho 
 ha" ? That is well done, is it ? si ua ha" ? It 
 was I, was it ? ho ha" ? It is possible, is it ? 
 lu ai" CO oi ha" ? You are going to be a com- 
 petent hand at it, are you ? i si pat ha" ? He 
 understands it, does be ? 
 
 ha" 145 Cracked,(saidof money only). 
 531 6 ha" kai, tau kiam ci"; that 
 which is fissured brings less cash in exchange. 
 
 M 
 
 — hah — 
 
 hah 97 Petals. 
 
 652 14 ci ki hue khui chut lai kiii 
 hall y How many petals has this flower ? u6i 
 hue hah ; the petals of a lily. 
 
 tiht hah 80 To expel the breath forcibly. 
 r "J 229 5 c6 hah, I'am tieh ctt mdng- 
 mdng; when you breath upon it, it looks 
 clouded. i cf kp i" cC hah cu Q ciii h6 bda 
 
 Imk ; if one breaths on this inkstone, there is 
 water enough on it to rub up the ink with. 
 
 ,^^ hah 80 Agreeing; accordant; suit- 
 p4 217 8 ing; to join, 
 hah 1 ; accords with ray idea.s. hah sim sek ; 
 meets his wishes. thoi" tieh Imh mak ; suits 
 the taste. ciah tieh hah chui ; relishes it. 
 
 thia" tieh hah hi"; pleases the ear. cp tieh I'o 
 hah chfu ; fits the hand bettor. hah ua kai i 
 iTi cai hah lii kai i rag ; do not know whether 
 what suits me will suit you. hah sle"; as I 
 
 thought. hah hiie ; raatos. hah sek ; har- 
 monizing in color. hah huap; according to 
 the rules, in haii huap; illegal, lia thoi" tieh 
 hah ; 1 consider it suitable. nd nang sim si 
 siang hah ; the two are well suited to each 
 other, hah su cSi ; just fits the place, phue- 
 hah khu h(5 ; matohes well ; fits in perfectly, 
 rii hah eng ; will not do for this use. hah sek; 
 like the pattern, hah kang jieh coi ci" ? How 
 much do you get for the whole job ? hah hun ; 
 in unison with one's part hah tp-li ; reason- 
 able, m hah to-li ; not in acccordance with 
 correct principles of action. hah cp seng-li ; 
 go into partnership. jit li siang hah, gueh li 
 siang chong ; the day is propitious but the 
 mouth is adverse. kio ua li siang hah, kio i 
 li siang heng ; it is favorable for me but un- 
 favorable for him. 
 
 — hai — 
 rt^fe^ hai 30 An exclamation denoting sur- 
 " Ii:t 161 10 prise or grief, 
 hai, kli(5-sieh cSi ; alack, it is a pity, hai, i a 
 si thia" ua ta" cu min cie"-se"; ah, if he had 
 heeded what I said, this would not have 
 happened. 
 
 ^^^ hai 85 The sea ; maritime ; vast. 
 yt^ 160 T hai ciii ; sea water. hai hu ; 
 salt water fish. hai tho ; mud from the sea 
 
 shore. hai c^n ; sea-going vessels. hai lo ; 
 routes at sea. hai tau ; a rock in the sea. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 127 
 
 hai pliia"; flats on the raargin of tlio sea, left 
 dry at low tide. hai ki"; the sea-shore. hai 
 toi mong cam ; searching in the sea for a needle, 
 hai-liang; broad minded. liai ham; raag- 
 
 nauimous. s\ hai cu lai ; within the four 
 
 seas ; all the world, or China. chut hai ; 
 
 go to sea. hai chak ; pirates. hai kho ; 
 
 freebooters. sua" tien liai bi ; dainties from 
 
 land and sea. kiie hdi ; cross tlie sea. keh 
 hai ; across the sea. chut liai gua; gone 
 
 beyond the seas. 13.i hai ; inland seas. hai 
 min ; the surface of the sea. hai chi ; a 
 
 mirage at sea. liai leng uang ; the Dragon 
 
 Sea King, the Chinese Neptune. toa hai ua°; 
 a very big bowl. hok ju tang hai ; may your 
 happiness be like the eastern sea. hai-kau ; a 
 sea-lion. luii-be; the sea-horso. cliim kiie 
 hai ; deeper than the sea. 
 
 "^ J^ hai 149 To accord with ; to joke, to 
 BP 187 9 laugh at. 
 
 hua hai ; of one mind. peh ni hai lau ; an 
 
 aged couple, khue-hai kai ue ; a joke, ci kai 
 nang hau" khue-hai ; this person is fond of 
 joking. khue-khue hai-hai ; laughing and 
 
 joking. tang bo khue-hai ta" chut kau ii 
 
 khue-hai ; from earnestness to jesting. 
 
 M^ hai 188 The bones of the body. 
 p>S 306 6 kat-liai ; a skeleton. si-sia 
 kua''-bak si mi'en-eug nang kai si-hai to pSu- 
 lo ; coffins are given away that the dead may 
 not be seen. thoi" i tie" siin-raih heng-hai 
 
 chut lai ; see what appearance he presents. 
 
 N^g hai 181 The bones of the chin. 
 ^^H 160 6 e-hai ; the chin. ehiu the" 
 e-hai; supporting the cliin on the hand, e-hai 
 chio-chio; a projecting chin, e-hai ciam-ciam ; 
 e-hai ciam-ci ciaiu-ci; a very pointed chin, e- 
 hai lo-tho lo-tho ; a very heavy chin. chin- 
 chie ke c§k teng e-hai ; having a double chin, 
 e-hai kia" ka-lauh khu ; dislocation of the jaw. 
 e-hai nap-ka,i.uh ; a very receding chin. bo e- 
 hai ; a very short chin. 
 
 "^^ hai 8 The last of the twelve branches. 
 ^5^ 161 4 hai ni, hSi gueh, hai jit, hS.i si, 
 the last year, month, day, or hour in the cycle 
 of twelve. 
 
 Mi 
 
 hai-cai A fabulous animal, half 
 187 deer, half nnicorn. It 
 dwells in the desert and gores wicked men when 
 it sees them. hai-cai p6-sim ; an embroidered 
 unicorn worn on the breast by officials of a 
 certain rank. 
 
 hSi J87 Startled ; suddenly alarmed. 
 m^ 187 6 kai-i ; startled. hSi-pha"; 
 
 scared. kia"-hai ; frightened. ua m hai-pha" 
 M ; I do not wish to frighten you. 
 
 hai 75 A feud; to fight. 
 
 188 7 kh) hai ; arras. hai-to ; to 
 
 fight with weapons. kak hie" hai-to ; every 
 village is involved in a feud, h'ang ke hai-to? 
 the two parties are fighting with weapons, 
 kua" chut mn^ klm phoi" hai-to kai iia"; the 
 magistrate has gone out to adjudicate those 
 cases in which there has been fioflitinsr. 
 
 XA* hai 39 An infant. 
 4:^\ 160 6 hai-ji ; a young child. ang 
 hai-ji; a malicious infant. hwn-lfo hai-thong 
 khi ; is still a child in character. sa"-cap biie 
 kue si hai-thong ; one is a child until he is 
 thirty years old. 
 
 i|*^t hai 61 Languid, hai-tai; inefficient, 
 IJjy 187 13 remiss, hai-hai tai-tai ; very 
 shiftless. ci hue co khang-khue lio nang hai- 
 tai cai ; now that the work is done I am very 
 tired. nang hai-tai ne ; am very much jaded. 
 
 Tflg hai 32 To spoil, injure, or destroy. 
 •^^jC 244 16 hui-hai; to spoil, phua-hai ; 
 spoil by breaking. long hai khu ; spoiled by 
 handling, oh i kai ie°, oh hai khu ; follow his 
 example, and follow it to destruction. Id hai 
 tieh lia kai su ; you spoil my plans. pi i cii- 
 
 hai khu ; undermined by him. au-hai ; 
 
 spoiled by rotting. pai-hai ke-sia"; disgrace 
 the famil3^ khufc i eng kau hai khu ; has been 
 used by him till it is worn out. ci kia" much 
 6i ciah hai nang ; this will injure those who 
 eat it. chin oi chin hai nS.ng, juah 6i jilah hai 
 nang; cold and heat both injure people, each 
 in its own way. hai su lio ; there, it is all 
 spoiled. 
 
 ^^f hai 40 To injure, to hui*t, to be the 
 I — I 161 7 cause of damage, 
 khut lu hai tieh ; injured by you. hai i puah 
 loh khii si lu ; it was you who made him fall 
 dov^'n. hai si nang; kill anybody, pun i hai 
 boi si ; just escaped being killed by him. siet 
 koi ham-hai ; lay a plan to injure, hai bd hai 
 kia"; a disgrace to his family. sie" hai ; to 
 
 mar. hai thong sia"; a disgrace to the whole 
 city. hai-pha"; frightened ; made afraid, 
 
 hai pat nang cu si hai ka-ki ; if you injure 
 others you injure yourself. chang-hai peh- 
 
 se"; injure the people. ui hai put chien ; no 
 
 slight injury has been done, heng li, tu hai ; 
 
128 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 to cause that which is useful to prosper, and to 
 remove that which is hurtful. hai kau n&ng 
 chi-chara ; occasions distress, lia co-ni hai tieh 
 lii ? In what way have I harmed you ? li-hai ; 
 harmful. boi ll-hai ; is not injurious. sIm 
 si ll-hai ; is very malicious. kbut i hai kku 
 
 chit tien poih tau ; was set all at sixes and 
 sevens by him. tii tlo cf tl-hng ksli tSi hai ; 
 
 eradicate what is most harmful in this region, 
 pi nftng s(5 h&i ; injured by some one. se" hai 
 nang, si hai n^ng; harmful whether alive or 
 dead. 
 
 — hai" — 
 
 ^® hai° 162 To pay ; to gi ve back. 
 ^^^^ 244 18 khiam i kai ngun tieh hfti" 
 i ; if you owe him you must pay him. hai" 
 
 bue cheng-ch<5 ; not yet paid in full. lu ai" 
 
 hai" lia a m; do you intend to pay me or not ? 
 hai° cek tng, b6 hai° no tn;^; pay once, but not 
 twice. hai" ce ; pay a debt. hai" pho-thftu 
 Bio ; pay a bill. ai" hai" co h6 a hai" co lai ? 
 Do you wish to pay it toward the principal or 
 toward the interest ? pue hai"; tlen hfti"; 
 
 to indemnify. hai" ngwn ; pay a debt of 
 
 gratitude. khieh hai" i ; give it back to him. 
 i bo hai" via; he won't give it back to me. sng 
 hai"; reckon and repay. 
 
 P\ i^ hai" 80 Groaning; moaning. 
 !^© 271 18 hfti"-liai''-kie cp-ni ? What is 
 he groaning about ? lu hai-hai"-kie si ui tieh 
 sim-mih su? What are you groaning for? 
 thoi" tieh ciu hai"-(.e-kie ; as soon iis he saw 
 it he began to grunt. ju hang-ku tui heng 
 
 hai"-hai"-kie ; like a tortoise beating its breast 
 and moaning (when caught). 
 
 m 
 
 — hak — 
 hak 159 To guide and govern. 
 
 *|lt 185 10 kwn-hak ; to control, kwn- 
 hak i m tio ; cannot govern him. hak e u jieh 
 coi nang ? How many are there under his 
 authority ? i si i hak e kai nang ; he is under 
 his authority. bo nang kwn bo nang hak ; 
 
 nobody exercises any control over it. siu nang 
 kwn-hak ; under authority. 
 
 ^/L hak 150 To penetrate the meaning. 
 t=tH 258 10 sim-heng hak-tak; intel- 
 ligent, having tact. hak-hak tak-tak ; far- 
 seeing, lia thia"-k\° cie"-se" ta" sim ISi cu 
 khui hak; when 1 heard that said, I understood 
 what it ail meant. 
 
 hak 149 To visit a superior. 
 1080 9 kak ki"; visit a superior in 
 office, pai hak ; go to visit an official superior. 
 
 e-s6k hak-ki" cle"-si ; subordinates visit their 
 superiors in office. cwn-sSng pai-hak, u su 
 
 put eng; solely to pay I'espects to my superior 
 and for no other business. (Written on the 
 visitor's card). 
 
 hak 72 Apoplexy. 
 
 1080 9 t6ng-hak ; a fit of apoplexy, 
 ci khi pe° si tong-hak, m si tong-sii ; this is 
 apoplexy, not sunstroke. 
 
 hdk 82 Stiff hard clay ; hardpan ; 
 
 210 13 solid. 
 th6 t5i°-hak t5i"-hak n6 ; the soil is very stifE 
 and hard. co-nl pu, ciah tieh eong-kii hak- 
 
 h&k ne; however much it is boiled, it is always 
 very hard when you come to eat it. cf khf 
 
 lok-lok bo eng, tieh hfa toi°-hak toi'-hak kai 
 cia" hd ; tliese are watery and useless, those 
 fii:ra-fle8hed and solid ones are the good ones, 
 kut tieh t6i"-hak toi"-hak ne; it is very solid 
 and hard when you dig into it. 
 
 J§^ hak 89 To learn ; to practice ; a 
 - "X "* 209 18 science ; a study, 
 hak-sip ; to learn so as to retain. hak-seng; 
 a pupil. phak hak ; versatile aquirements. 
 
 hak ceng; hak thai ; hak l"; a provincial liter- 
 ary chancellor. tfti hak; the Great Science; 
 a large school, sio hSk ; a small school. tfti- 
 hak-sQ ; cabinet ministers. iSi koh huk-B^ ; 
 members of the inner council. 
 
 m 
 
 — ham — 
 
 ham 142 Bivalve shells with scallop- 
 
 162 6 ed surfaces, 
 thng kau i ham-khak peh tit khui ; scald 
 them till the shells can be opened. cf choh 
 
 ham pui cfii, mua" khak nek; these bivalves 
 are very fat, and fill the shell. pu chph kiin 
 ciii khu lam ham ; boil some water and pour it 
 over the bivalves. chin cui 15 ham ; stirring 
 the bivalves around in cold water; well meant 
 but ineffective exertion. 
 
 ham 164 Exhilirated ; jocund. 
 
 162 5 ci'u ciah kau pua" ham ; 
 drank until half tipsy. ciah kau min ham- 
 
 ham ang ; drank until his face was flushed. 
 
 M 
 
 ham 112 To knock and shiver j to 
 939 6 beat gently ; to rap on. 
 ham chili; hit and break in pieces. ham kku 
 mi"-mi"; beat it gently and make it very soft 
 thereby. khieh kp cieh ham khu tii-tii hdm 
 tieh i kai thau ; flung a stone down and hit 
 him exactly on the head. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 129 
 
 ham 64 To throw, to pitch, to cast. 
 „ , 876 4 hatn loh ciii ; throw it into 
 the water, ham-pang hiie ko khut i sie ; throw 
 it into the fire and let it burn up. hara-16h 
 
 tho-e cu phiia khu ; if you cast it down upon 
 the ground it will break. 
 
 ham 30 To vociferate; to cry out; to 
 
 164 9 call out. 
 Lkm wn ; cry out for redress. ham km ; 
 
 implore help, ham kho; scream from distress, 
 phah kau i ham kie ham km khu ; beat him 
 till he yelled for help. thia''-ki° u nang ham 
 kie k\u; heard some one calling for help, ham 
 Buah lien thi"; the clamor reached heaven. 
 
 B^ ham 30 To call ; to hail one. 
 ^.TV 248 9 ham i lai ; call him to come 
 here. via ham lu co-ni ra lai ? Why do you 
 
 not come when I call you ? lia ham lu tieh 
 
 in ; you must answer when I call you. lia 
 
 ham lu khu boi mueh lu cu tieh me"-me" lai ; 
 when I send you to buy things you must come 
 back quickly, lu ham co sira-mih raia ? What 
 name are you called by ? ham che"; called on 
 to awaken. 
 
 /^^ ham 30 To embody; to tolerate ; full. 
 if 162 4 ham chie; to restrain a smile, 
 ham lui ; tears standing in the eyes, ham-hu ; 
 indistinct, ham-ham hu-hu; indefinite, ham- 
 hu in i ; answered him carelessly. ham-ham 
 hu-hu CO ; done anyhow, pau-ham khuah cai ; 
 of great magnanimity. ham siu ; blush for 
 
 shame, u ham-thiok; reticent, hue h&m-liii 
 ham-1'.'ii ; the flower is budded. hwn-Ho ham- 
 ham, hue khui ; is about to blossom, but has 
 not opened. 
 
 '2^Y li^™ ^^'^ Title or rank ; official posi- 
 'PJ 199 y tiou.   
 kua" ham ; official title, keh ham ;"the address 
 of one holding this position. hue ham ; the 
 
 title of a firm. chiang kua" ham ; to call out 
 the title as an usher does at a levee. i sim- 
 
 mih ham ? What is his title ? bun-cu eng-co 
 sim-mih ham ? What is the title used in the 
 dispatch ? khim-kia-thdng-ti-ham ; a brevet 
 Bub-prefect. 
 
 ham 17 To infold, envelop ; liberal. 
 
 163 6 cun ham ; your valued favor, 
 pau-ham ; an envelope. hai ham ; magna- 
 
 nimity, mq" lu hai-ham ; hope for your 
 
 generous forbearance. 
 
 Vffil ham 85 Capa 
 llil 163 8 ham 
 
 )acious ; submerged. 
 Im kau ; a covered drain, 
 ham cui ti°; the waste-weir is full of water, 
 hai-ham ; indulgent ; forgiving. ham-fang ; 
 
 forbearing; to keep one's temper. cng kai bo 
 h3,m-fang ; has no patience. pheng-si u hara- 
 I'ang kSii kang-hu ; has usually some work on 
 hand requiring great patience. 
 
 t^ ham 30 All, the total, totally. 
 /BA(( 198 6 chng-i" hSm kai khieh pkng 
 hu gua ; take all the furniture and put it out- 
 side there. ham kai ai"; wants all of them. 
 h5m nang hua°-hi kai su ; what pleases all. i 
 hua" nang hSm kS.i m hau"; all of them are un- 
 willing. hSm nang cai ; they all know it. 
 ham nang thia°-ki°; they all lieard it. ci ciia" 
 nang hS,m kai si sok i kwn ; these persons are 
 all under his authority. ti-hng h5m kai kui 
 i; the land all reverts to him. 
 
 ham 61 Mortified with one's self; 
 
 166 13 vexed, 
 bo wn hSm ; forgiving. wn hSm i ; vexed 
 
 with him. si ia bo hSm ; if I should die, I 
 
 would have nothing to regret. i cong-sin 
 
 sie° tieh khueh h5m ; he regretted it all 
 his life. 
 
 [f^ ham 170 To fall down into ; to ruin ; 
 
 rR 202 8 to sink. 
 
 ham-hai nang; to implicate others in difficulties, 
 pun nang ham-hai ; involved in trouble by 
 others. puah Iqh ham-khe°; fell into the 
 
 trap, h'u kai ham-ce"; dug a pit. khe" ham ; 
 to entrap, pang-ham ; to fall, as a cliff, sua" 
 pang-ham ; the mountain has shelved off. ci 
 kai ce" hu toi ham ; this well has caved in. 
 sua" pang ti ham ; a landslide. 
 
 — hang — 
 
 hang 86 To place so as to absorb 
 i/\ 235 6 radiated heat, 
 hang ta ; dry before a fire or in the sun. khieh 
 khu 16 feng hang; hang it by the stove to dry. 
 hang i nng cia° hd a wn ; put it by the fire till 
 it is flexible, and then it can be bent. hang 
 
 kau nng-nng ; let it remain in the warmth till 
 it softens, hang sie ; hang it to warm, hang 
 i ie°; set it to melt. chiu hang sie ; hold the 
 hands by a fire to warm them. ce hang i ciu 
 wn ; placing it by a fire will warp it. mai° 
 
 hang khah thi'am ; do not put it too close to the 
 fire. chi'u pang to chiu-16 teng hang sie-sie ; 
 put your hands over the brazier and warm 
 them well. 
 
130 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE BWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 hang 122 Seldom ; scarce | rare. 
 
 164 3 hang-hang u ci kai ; it is 
 very rarely that we have this, i hang tit lai ; 
 he seldom comes. hang tlidi°-ki° kai ; infre- 
 quently seen. rii si hi-hang kai much ; is not 
 a scarce article, liiiam miieh ce hang cu kien 
 tion ; whatever is rare is considered valuable, 
 hang hdng kai sQ ; something that seldom 
 occurs. hang hong kai much ; an article 
 
 seldom met with. 
 
 -pXl hdng 64 To fend off; to guard against. 
 ^ I 165 8 hang gfi ; to fend ofiF ; to 
 defend against, bo nftng bting-gfi i tit ciS ; no 
 one can successfully withstand iiim. cQ si i 
 to hdng-ue 6Sa°-ti ; it is he who sets a guard 
 around and protects the city. 
 
 > pH hang 61 Ruthless ; choleric. 
 1"^ 165 7 khfang-hang; overbearing; 
 impetuous, 
 violent. 
 
 hiong-hang; passionate and 
 
 h?ing 85 Relating to China; lusty. 
 164 11 hd-hkngnftng; a lusty fellow, 
 i cu ka" cd hd-hang; he is not afraid to bully 
 people, se' lai kau-ch!ang toi-hang; naturally 
 very robust and burly. t5 lo teng ng6 tieh 
 
 cek kai toa-hang; met a powerfully built man 
 in the road, mvia hang; Manchus and Chinese, 
 miia hang siah ; a feast of a hundred courses, 
 hang bun ; Chinese literature. hang kun ; the 
 naturalized Banner Force, Chinese incorporated 
 under the eight Banners. 
 
 h&ng 40 Cold ; plain ; poor. 
 163 9 hang-ne; hang chin; wintry. 
 thi°-st hang-chin ; the weather is freezing cold, 
 si'o hang, tai hang; autumn cold and winter 
 cold, hang su cam ; a thermometer, hang ke; 
 my family, ki hang sd pek ; hungry, cold, and 
 destitute, ta" hang; discouraged, sim hftng ; 
 disheartened. pin-tng kau i sim h&ng ta° 
 
 chin ; bothered him till he lost all heart, hang 
 ciali coih ; a wintry feast. hkng ju ; a poor 
 scholar. ko-hang ; friendless. su h^ng un ; 
 to talk over experiences, sie" hang ; sick with 
 a cold, hang ceng ; sickness that is the result 
 of cold, i kai sin-hun hu-h&ng ; his vitality is 
 weak, cf kia" mueh oi hang ui, m-h<5 to ciah ; 
 this chills the stomach, and it is not well to eat 
 ranch of it. i kai pi iii hang-ne; he dreads the 
 cold. hang-liang kai ieh ; cooling medicines. 
 
 ^^ hang 144 Parallel lines ; a warehouse ; 
 
 14 207 a merchantile establishment. 
 
 hang-liet ; parallel rows, hang-ngo ; ranks, as 
 
 of an army. ji sia khu kai h^ng-ngo hd cSi ; 
 
 the characters are written in very straight 
 parallel lines. six cek h^ng c^k hfing ; write 
 thoni in columns. ci le" bun-cu si eng tO kiii 
 hang kai ? What number of columns to the 
 page, in the paper used for this sort of writ- 
 ings ? ng6 hang kai tng 6i ; satin shoes with 
 five parallel lines of stitching on them. i pai 
 h^ng si toi° kiii ? Which is he among the 
 brot hers ? i p&i hkng si toa a si ji ? Is ho the 
 eldest or the second born ? hiu" ai" co bRk 
 
 hftng ; I want the wadded jacket quilted in 
 close parallel lines. hdng b&k c6 ; make the 
 
 lines closer together, hang ko ; a firm or cor- 
 poration, t&ng hang kai n&ng; one of the same 
 guild. jip hftng ; enter a firm. chut hang; 
 leave a firm. hang kui ; commission for sell- 
 ing, h&ng siang; a trader in a guild. ie" 
 hftng ; a warehouse where the wares of all 
 nations are kept. se" hang ; a Cantonese 
 
 warehouse, or guildhall. png tl hang ; a 
 
 warehouse where native wares are kept, hang 
 h6 ; juembers of a firm. h^ng khau ; a guild, 
 hftng cu; the manager of a firm, hang teng; a 
 janitor or servant in a guild. khui hSiig ph6 
 kHi n&ng; one who has warehouses and shops. 
 kak hftng kfii seng-li m t&ng; each guild has a 
 different sort of business, ngd hftng k^i seng- 
 If to hd ; all sorts of trade flourishes. iSi 
 
 h&ng; accustomed to the business. gQa h4ng; 
 not versed in the craft, ci k&i si cai hang a m 
 cai hang ? Is this one versed in the business or 
 not ? ci kia° su lia m cai hang ; this is a sort 
 of business I am not versed in. ISu cai h^ng; 
 an old hand at it. hang chSng; the customs of 
 the craft. i hang cheng kng, lia hang cheng 
 rli kng ; he knows the ways of the guild and 
 I do not. ji-ke hang-ke li ; both receive an in- 
 come from the firm. 
 
 hftng 124 A plume or quill to write 
 
 166 10 or draw with, 
 hang-lim ; the forest of pencils, the highest 
 of the four degrees conferred on scholars, 
 tiara hftng-lim ; to obtain the degree of Acad- 
 emician, hang-lim l"; the National Academy. 
 
 1^^ hang 170 To submit; to return to 
 IT^ 364 6 allegiance. hang-hok ; to 
 yield submission. bo hang-hok i ; will not 
 
 give in to him. i m kheng hang ; he is un- 
 
 willing to surrender, hang ciang ; the general 
 who surrenders. cie hftng ; call for a return 
 to allegiance. kui hang ; to return to lawful 
 rule. hftng pia°; troops that return to their 
 
 duty, hang Teng hok ho"; reduces the dragon, 
 and humbles the tiger. tftu hang ; return to 
 loyalty. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 131 
 
 JCT liSng 181 Funds; a classifier of 
 ^\ 191 3 moneys or monetary affairs, 
 kong hS.ng ; public funds. ngU'\ hS.ng ; ci" 
 
 LSng; funds. khiatn hSng; debts; liabilities, 
 cek hiing ci" bue ceng sin; there is one bill not 
 yet colleched. no liSng ngun long-cotig luii" 
 clieng-chp ; the two suras are both paid in full, 
 ki'o lijing; hand over the funds, kak liSng kS.i 
 huo-mueh ; each sort of goods. u hSng-hiah 
 
 h(5 hai" via a bo ? Have you the funds for pay- 
 ing me or not ? pat hang kai kua to i chiu ; 
 the other matters have been put into his hands. 
 ci cek hSng su li wn lio; this business is 
 settled. 
 
 F=| hang 72 To travel by land. 
 "■ I * 164 3 chong ciii lo lai a chong 
 hang lo lai ? Did you come by water or by 
 land ? jleh coi pho hang lo, jieh coi pho cui 
 lo ? How much of the journey is by water, 
 and how much of it by land ? kia" no jit hang 
 lo lio u-gua cii si cui lo ; after two days travel 
 by land, the rest of the way is by water, kau 
 ti-ko khi hang ? Where did the journey over- 
 land begin ? 
 
 A limit ; a boundary ; a 
 restriction ; to set a time 
 
 hang 170 
 
 202 6 
 or limit. 
 
 VL hSng ; is limited. ii hang kai ; there is a 
 
 limited number. iu hang ; a small sum. iu 
 hang kai su; there are not many items. si- 
 
 hau u so hang ; there is a limit to the time, 
 hang CO kui jit ? How many days do you set ? 
 hang si hang kheh cu ai"; want it at the fixed 
 time. hang tia"-tteh kai ; a fixed amount, 
 
 kai-hang hun-meng; the limit is plainly mark- 
 ed, u kai ii hang; has a fixed boundary. 
 kue hang ; to overstep the limit, or pass the set 
 time. un hang ; conjunctions, said of one's 
 horoscope. u kai hang-khi ; has a set time, 
 hang u kS,i to-sio ; set a rule or fix a measure, 
 khwn hang cek kai gueh ; extend the time a 
 month. hang Iu sa° jit cu lai kio ; will give 
 you three days, after which I will come and 
 take it. tai hSng ciang kau ; the great 
 limit is near at hand ; you are not likely to live 
 long. hang ieh ; a poison prepared so as to 
 act at a certain time. bo hang-liang ; without 
 limit. m-hp hang-lIang ; do not restrict. b6 
 hang bo Hang ; unlimited. ai° hang kau cie° 
 me", CO m lai ; if you set so short a time, it 
 cannot be done, cek jit hSng i cp jieh coi ; set 
 him a stint for the day. twn ii kai meng 
 hang ; fix a limit. cek tng hang no ua°; 
 stinted to two bowlfuls a meal. ai° co kui 
 hang ; will make several restrictions. 
 
 hang 49 A lane ; a road. 
 
 190 6 hang thau, hang biie ; tho 
 
 head and the foot of a lane. hang khau ; the 
 place where the lane opens into another road, 
 toa hang ; a wide lane. hang-kia"; a narrow 
 lane, phiah-siah hang ; a by-path, toa hang- 
 tau ; a wide passage. hang-tau ho ; the roads 
 are good. hue hang; a narrow alley between 
 adjacent buildings, hue koi Ifu hang; brothels, 
 called the flowery willow lanes. hang kueh 
 
 ki'a"; a short narrow lane. 
 
 — hap — 
 
 u fek hap 180 To swell ; puffy ; tense. 
 /4JK 24 8 i cie'-si cek sang kha hap 
 kau toa-toa ki ; his legs have lately swollen up 
 very much. cek e hap kau sim-kua'-thau cii 
 ai" chwn ; his chest is so tensely puffed up that 
 he breathes with difficulty. hap Iio kio th6- 
 ti-kong hie"-se°; swollen so that he looks like 
 the image of a local god. hap lo sio ; hap fo 
 thp lio ; the swelling is going down, i si thong 
 sin hap, a si toa"-toa" hap to min ? Is his whole 
 body swollen or only his face ? 
 
 / <g-2y . hap 30 To close by joining the cor- 
 I — I 217 3 I'esponding parts, 
 hap mak ; to shut the eyes. mak hS,p bua ; 
 
 close your eyes, mak hap m bua ; cannot close 
 the eyes, chiii hap mi°; the mouth shut tight, 
 hap CO cek kai ; doubled together so as to form 
 one. cu-cheh hap khi ; shut your book. hS.p 
 m loh ; cannot close it together. 
 
 — hau — 
 
 hau 85 Immense ; vast. 
 tt 1 72 Y hau-hwn ; manifold. i k^i 
 su hau-hwn cai ; his affairs are very perplexing, 
 ke-eng sim si hau-hwn ; his family expenses 
 are almost numberless. 
 
 Jib 
 
 Rife hau 141 To scream ; to bawl ; to yell. 
 V/jti 173 7 phau-hau ; to yell. hiia" 
 
 nang to phau-hau ; many people yelling. kiii 
 khau, sin hau ; demons wailing and spirits 
 ci'ying out ; a dreadful clamor, as at a fight 
 or a fire. 
 
 -jtS hau 75 Empty ; unfilled. 
 A^ 192 6 hau pak ; an empty belly, 
 hau pak phoi" kong ; to perform public duties 
 without any salary. i ci hue to hau to kp ; 
 
 he belly is now empty. 
 
 hau 30 To howl, to bellow, to breath 
 192 7 hard, 
 phau-hau ; clamor. hua" nang eg phau-hau, i 
 
132 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 cQ cau ; as soon as they all began to scream 
 at him, he fled. i khj c5i, jvvn phaa-hdu, 
 
 jwn thio; he was in a great rage, and screamed 
 and jumped about frantically. chwn-haa ; to 
 pant, to breathe with difficnlty. 
 
 € 
 
 baa 80 The cries of animals. 
 
 175 4 ho" t<5 hau ; the tigers are 
 roaring. hd tang sai hau ; the lions are roar- 
 ing on the east side of the river; the old wo- 
 man is scolding like Xanthippe. 
 
 J^ hau 88 Friendly. 
 
 ^Vj 171 8 hua-hau ; congenial. hda- 
 
 hfta hau-hau ; having great aflBnity. 
 
 hau 89 Filial piety ; dntif al. 
 
 193 4 kia° Lku kai kfe"; a filial son. 
 put hau ktli kfa"; an unfilial son. hau heng ; 
 filial conduct. hSu hong 6i kdm-t5ng nftng 
 
 kai sim ; dutiful behaviour moves people's 
 hearts. ka-kl phah pe khng-koi pftt nftng 
 
 kia"-hau ; beats his own father and exhorts 
 others to filial piety. i tt tfam hkn sim ; he 
 
 has a filial heart, ji-cftp-si hku ; the " Twenty, 
 four Examples of Filial Piety." peh heng 
 
 hku M soi"; of all virtues filial piety is chief. 
 kia"-lih,u pe-b(5 ; obey your parents. kla" 
 
 hhn kong-ku ; respect your husband's parents, 
 tong chin hau cu ; loyal courtiers and dutiful 
 sons. to ke 6i kia°-hi\u pe-bd, co kua" cQ 6i 
 cin-tong chio-th§ng ; he who is dutiful toward 
 his parents when at home is faithful to the 
 government when he takes office. hkn hti ; a 
 filial daughter-in-law ; a dutiful wife. 
 
 hftu 152 Dominating ; eminent. 
 
 171 7 hau-kiet ; capable. eng- 
 
 hiong hau-klet ; energetic and capable. th6 
 
 hau; a local tyi-ant. h^u kng ; a dazzling 
 
 light, cok 1° cu hau ; the dominating member 
 of his clan. 
 
 m 
 
 hau 85 Easy, leisurely ; to linger. 
 
 282 6 i 00 su hau-hau ne ; she does 
 things very leisurely. ai° hau kau ti-tiang 
 
 si ? How long are you going to linger over it? 
 jit ua° lio, r7i ho hau a; it is late in the day, it 
 will not do to loiter. 
 
 ^ ^ » hau 82 A ten-thousandth part of a 
 -^Sr 171 7 tael; a pencil's point ; motes ; 
 
 minute. 
 
 cftp hau CO cek li, cap li co cek hun, cap hun 
 cp cek ci°, cap ci° cp cek ni'e ; the table of 
 divisions in Chinese money. li hau si hut to 
 sng ; reckons to the utmost farthing. si hkn 
 boi cho ; there is not the slightest error, huu 
 
 hau boi ta'; there is not the smallest mistake, 
 cek hslu to b6 iong-chSng ; does not show the 
 least temper. ci ki pit kai hau I'o ho ; this 
 
 pencil has a better point. 
 
 hSu 141 The name which one takes 
 173 7 on becoming great. co 
 
 kai hSu ; to make up a title or a name for 
 one. ai° cd kai hSu tieh mai" kio i kai 
 
 CO kai mia°-ho sie tang jl; in taking a manly 
 name, no letters must be used that were in 
 the names of one's ancestors. 
 
 m 
 
 hSn 60 hfta-se"; youthful. 
 175 6 h&u-.se" nang ; a young per- 
 son. hSu-se° kia"; a lad. 
 
 ^ 
 
 hSu 76 A high school or gymansinm. 
 
 373 6 hak hau ; a seminary. tt 
 
 kwn-gai hak-hSu kai su i cia° fi li ; anything 
 that appertains to the seminary ho takes up 
 and regulates. 
 
 hau 195 The king-crab. 
 
 17t> 18 hftu khak hd c6 pu-hia; the 
 ill of the king-crab many be used as a 
 dipper, hiu peh-cheh; the scales under a king, 
 crab ; Venetian blinds. hSu nng ; the roe of 
 the king-crab. hau hue hd co ieh ; the tail of 
 the king-crab is used in medicine. iSu-sSt kuo 
 hSu ; more harmless than a kiug.crab. 
 
 hftn 66 To fulfill ; to verify ; effects ; 
 
 193 6 efficacious ; inherent power, 
 hau huap ; to fulfill the law ; to follow a pat- 
 tern, hd khut nang hau huap ; worthy of 
 emulation. u kong-hau ; possessing merit, 
 kong-hau ju pin; divinely efficaciou.s, (as a pill), 
 sit-cai u hau-ngiam ; certainly has efficacy, 
 m pi h6k ieh b6 hau kai ; not as a medicine 
 that produces no effect. hok ieh bo kong. 
 hau ; quack medicines have no intrinsic merit, 
 mai" hau-huap i kai ie"; do not emulate his 
 style. sui-si cu ki° kong-hau ; will iramedi. 
 ately perceive its efficacy. sit-cSi iS hau ; is 
 really effective. u kong u liau ; is effective ; 
 possesses those qualities which produce an 
 effect. bo konir bo hau ; without inherent 
 power. u hau u ngiam ; has efficacy. u hau 
 bp hau tSng thoi" pa-tau: u ieh bo ieh tSng 
 thoi" sin-cieh; u sin bo sin tSng thdi" lui-sin ; 
 as to whether things possess inherent power, 
 you have only to consider the croton oil fruit : 
 as to their medical properties, it is only neces- 
 sary to look at the effects of arsenic : as to 
 whether there are gods or not, you need only 
 consider what is done by the god of thunder. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 133 
 
 ^ hau 9 To inquire after ; to wait for ; 
 176 8 a time or period; a period of 
 iive days. 
 
 inug-lmu; to inquire after one's health; to send 
 salutations, i lai mng-hau lu ; he has come to 
 pay his respects to you. kio ua mng-hau i ; 
 give my respects to him. theng-hau ; to wait, 
 ua to ci haa-theng lu lai ; I will wait here till 
 you come. to ei hau hi kii lio ; have been 
 
 here waiting for you a long time. hau i chin 
 ce cia" ho ciah ; wait till it cools, and then it 
 may be eaten, su-hau; to serve; to wait upon, 
 hau lu kai ke lai ; I wait, Sir, for you: (said 
 on invitation cards). coih-hau ; holiilays, 
 
 at the new and full moons. khi hau m sie 
 
 tilng ; the seasons are dissimilar. hau p6 
 
 kua"; an officer by brevet; an expectant of 
 office. bo si-hau ho co ; there is no time for 
 
 doing it. ai" tang kau tl kai si-hau ? Until 
 
 when will you wait ? ci hue bo si bo hau ; 
 
 there is not now time for it. ci hue m si si 
 
 m si hau ; this it no time for it. hin-khek .si 
 Bim-mih si hau ? What time is it now ? mai" 
 tak-niig tio si-hau ; do not waste the time, si- 
 hau i°-keng kau lio ; the time has arrived. 
 
 hau 19 To toil ; to labor earnestly ; 
 
 193 6 exertions, 
 hau lak ; earnest effort, hau-lau ; to moil, to 
 kun coi" kp hau lak ; led the van in effort, 
 took the lead in exertion. tng-hau khien be 
 cu lau ; worked like a horse. 
 
 — hau" — 
 
 hau° 38 Fond of ; addicted to ; to 
 171 ^ take pleasure in. 
 hau" hak ; studious. hau" puah, hau" ciah ; 
 
 addicted to gambling and to opium smoking, 
 hau" ciah ciu ; fond of wine. nang kai sim 
 
 kak u s(5 hau"; each heart has its own objects 
 of regard, i hau° ta° lie ; she is a great talker. 
 i siang hau" cie''-se° co ; he is much addicted to 
 doing so. cia i siang hau" tlda"; he takes 
 
 great pleasure in hearing this, cia si i so hau 
 kai ; this is what he delights in. peh ho" hau" 
 ciah tiam, sa^-suah hau" ciah kiam ; the white 
 tiger is partial to 8weet.s, while the baleful grif- 
 fin prefers salt relishes ; each to his own taste. 
 
 " i^ *^ hau" 130 Willing; acquiescent; volnn- 
 r^ 324 "4~ tary ; to assent ; to permit ; 
 to consent. i hau" a m hau" ? Does he agree 
 to it or not ? kai hau", kai m hau"; one was 
 •willing, and the other was not. i m hau" 
 
 khut lia; he would not let me have it. i hau"; 
 she gave her permission. i a pe m hau"; his 
 father would not consent to it. 
 
 M 
 
 he 
 192 
 
 80 
 7 
 
 — he — 
 
 Shortness of breath. 
 
 he pS"; he-ku-thiu ; asthma. 
 
 PfiK» hh 80 To wail ; to roar ; to bawl. 
 ^X 371 18 mki" hfe-he sia"; do not bawl 
 out. i k&i cp-ni he-he khau ; what is he cry- 
 ing so uproariously about ? 
 
 iP3 hg 96 A flaw ; a defect ; a blemish. 
 
 tK 183 9 tng tiam hiin he; without 
 spot, crease or flaw ; without defect of any sort. 
 
 ^=lQ^ h§ 173 Vapor ; colored clouds. 
 ^^ 182 "9~ thoi" tieh kai thi" tng hftn- 
 he ; beheld the sky without a cloud. 
 
 [W hg 142 Crustaceans allied to the 
 >cJC 182 9 lobster and shrimp, 
 leng-he ; lobsters. peh-hS ; prawns, sua-he ; 
 shrimps, tho-he ; crayfish, meng-kg ; yellow 
 prawns, meng-hg pi sua-hS kai sin I'o bib ; the 
 yellow prawn, when compared with the shrimp 
 has a flatter body, h^ p6 ; dried prawns, he 
 p6, phah tio khak, kie-cp he bi; shrimps dried 
 and shelled are called dessicated shrimps. he 
 koi ; the pickle for shrimps, h^ chun; the roe 
 of lobsters. hg ko ; prickly prawns. klara 
 ke; salt prawns. he chiu ; the antennae of 
 
 lobsters. hg bxie ; an ornament shaped like 
 
 a prawn's tail. 
 
 he 9 A vacation or recess, 
 362 9 pang he ; have a vacation. c6- 
 ni cie" iia" biie pang he ? Being so late, why ia 
 it that school is not yet out ? pkng he lio, to 
 lo teng rri-hp sng ; when school is out, do not 
 play on the way home. 
 
 ^4l he 149 To promise solemnly. 
 P J 228 ~4 he sin ; to bring offerings and 
 make a vow before the gods. he h^t ; to 
 
 promise Buddha, he-ngwn; make a vow. toa 
 lie, sie koi ; a large promise and meager ful- 
 fillment, to sin kp he sa" se", he hi; vowed 
 before the gods that he would offer them three 
 sorts of meats and the view of a theatrical 
 performance. i he kue lia kai ; what he 
 solemnly promised me. ua he i jieh coi nguu 
 i hwn-lio m kheng ; though I promised him no 
 inconsiderable amount of money, he still would 
 not consent. 
 
 v5^ he 162 To send a present ; to give. 
 " ly^^ 832 ~6~ cia miieh si ti-tiang lai h5 
 kai ? Who brought and presented these things? 
 a i kai kia" c6 chin lai he miieh-ciahj my 
 
134 
 
 DICTIONARY OP THE &WATOW DIALECT. 
 
 aunt's son is befcrofched and has sent some of 
 the betrothal cakes as a present. cf kai ndi"- 
 kuai" eng he chii-pi" a mi'n ? Ought we to give 
 some of these laichis to the neighbours or not P 
 
 The 1 To lower; to let down ; to lay. 
 183 2 he-loh ; to get knowledge or 
 information about, i chue klii fl he-ldh a b6 ? 
 Did he by searching get any knowledge of the 
 facts ? co-ni kau ta° hwn-li'o bd he bo 16h ? 
 
 How is it that up to the present time no infor- 
 mation has been gained ? ci ciah cfiti he u jieh 
 coi hue ? How many goods were shipped off in 
 this vessel ? i kai i-su si ai° he chi'u loh khu 
 sie-hQ ; his intention was to lay his hand on 
 and help. 
 
 he 85 Summer. 
 
 183 7 he thi"-8i ; in summer. h6 
 khiii ; the summer season. tiang-sl h6-c\? 
 
 When is the summer solstice? hS p6 sa°- 
 
 kh6 ; summer clothing. jip h6 ; lip he ; the 
 
 beginning of summer, 
 hottest part of summer, 
 that dry up in summer. 
 
 he hiie thi"; the 
 hS ko chau ; plants 
 
 in process 
 
 M 
 
 hS 27 A great house 
 
 184 10 of building. 
 
 nfn k&i tSi hg tiang-si khi kang ? When do 
 you begin work on your mansion ? ni'n kfti 
 
 tai hg khf khu ti-tiang-sl cia° hd ? When will 
 the building of your great house be finished ? 
 
 — he" — 
 
 he" 128 An interrogative particle, 
 1078 3 implying a doubt. 
 Bi he"? That is so, is it ? m si he"? Is it not 
 so then ? hu-kp I'o kun he" ? That is nearer, 
 isn't it ? i pat, he" ? He knows, does he ? 
 
 ai" khu he"? Going, are you ? i kfii co-nS he" ? 
 What does it all mean ? 
 
 he" 75 Fishing stakes. 
 
 170 6 i kai he" gai tieh cAn l6 ; 
 these fisliing stakes interfere with the passage 
 of the boats, poih tlo i kai he"; pulled up his 
 fishing stakes, ci pai he" u cap-ji ki; there are 
 twelve fishing stakes in this row. 
 
 he" 184 To eat too much ; to gorge. 
 1089 14 ciah kku he"; eat to repletion ; 
 to stuff one's self with food ; gorged. 
 
 j^^ he" 86 Yes ; it is even so. 
 ^\\y 285 8 si me ? he". Is it so ? Yes. 
 si cie°-se" a m si ? he" ne ; it is so is it not ? 
 Yes. ua mng tieh, i ta" he"; I asked him and 
 be assented. 
 
 — heh — 
 
 heh 30 To intimidate ; to scare. 
 I* 219 14 heh SI naiig ; frighten any- 
 body to death, heh-toah i ; to hoot at threat- 
 eningly, i cang kai si to heh n^ng; he makes 
 use of influence to intimidate people. kliut i 
 eg heh, i cu kiu kliu ; as soon as she was 
 threatened by him, she shrunk back. ce heh 
 cu tho; as soon as he was threatened he with- 
 drew. lu tieh cai hang-heh i, i cia" m kii" cp 
 pe"; you must scold at him, then he will not 
 dare behave badly. 
 
 _., heh 155 Glorious; brilliant; majestic. 
 {fP/T 219 7 i ci hue td lau-l^u hcli-heh 
 k&i si-han, kiii peh nguu sitn-raih siang-kang; 
 this is a time of great prosperity with him, and 
 what are a few hundred dollars to him. 
 
 "lirt heh 66 To shorten sail ; to let down 
 'iJ\ 135 4 a sail. ph&ng heh ke eg ; 
 lower the sail a little. heh tlo thfiu phang ; 
 
 take in the fore-sail. i kai phang ce heh ih 
 
 16h, c&n cQ to lap cui ; if they cannot lower the 
 sail, their boat will take in water. 
 
 hSh 65 Each apart from others ; 
 
 724 8 scattered ; separate, 
 chph much sang heh-heh, b6 siu-sip bua ; the 
 things are all at loo.se end.s, and not put up 
 compactly. hua" nang sang-.sang heh-heh, 
 
 bo tang sim hiap lak ; they are all acting inde- 
 pendently of each other, and not joining their 
 strength in a commou cause. 
 
 — heh" — 
 
 J^^ b§h" 61 Captious; much displeased. 
 Up 208 8 i h6h°-heh" ne cu lai ; he 
 came very unwillingly. i lai kau th6i-"tieh 
 heh"-heh" ne ; when he came he appeared very 
 cross, sie khi cai, se-su-kia" cu to heh" ; he is 
 very petty, and gets vexed at the least little 
 thing. 
 
 — hek — 
 
 T^ hek 75 To investigate ; to examine. 
 J.^% 234 6 hek meng-peh ; investigate 
 thoroughly. chak-hek ; inquire fully into, 
 
 hek sit ; get at the facts, hek sio ; examine an 
 account. hek sio-bak ; examine the books, 
 
 hek twn ; investigate and decide. hek-thoi" 
 tieh a m tieh; ascertain whether it is right 
 or not. hek pho ; audit the accounts. hek 
 khoi; examine the deeds. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 136 
 
 hek 19 To impeach; to search out the 
 220 6 merit or demerit of officials, 
 hek-cjiu ; to accuse in a memorial, si tl-tiang 
 hek-cjiu i ? Who impeached him? kiiut i hek- 
 cau li'o kua° leh-li khu ; after being impeached 
 his office was taken away from liiiu. 
 
 Pp hek 203 Dark ; obscure ; dull ; black. 
 'j}\\ 218 hek poll huu raeiig ; a clear 
 distinction between black and white, hek-am; 
 deep darkness. hek me"; in the darkness of 
 night. lang hun hek peh ; difficult to dis- 
 
 tinguish between light and darkness, min sek 
 toa hek ; his face is dusky, hek sek sok si ta° 
 CO o sek; black is commonly called brown. 
 
 d b' lj* hek 155 Luminous ; majestic. 
 
 Jiyy 219 ~7~ sin-meng hien-hien hek-hek; 
 
 the god manifests himself gloriously. 
 
 "CH^ hek 4 Weary; tired out, needing 
 /^ 122 ^ 4 rest. 
 
 ]u kia" khu oi hek a boi ? Are you wearied 
 with walking ? cau kau kek li'o ; have run till 
 I am exhausted. ci kia" .su li kau cheng-chp 
 hek cai ; when I had finished up this business 
 I was very tired, lu m ceng co raih su cO-ni oi 
 hio° hek ? Since you have not been doing any- 
 thing, why are you so tired ? nang pe° au 
 khiin-hek khun-hek ; after being ill, one is very 
 easily wearied. kia" kau hu-kp nang li khun, 
 be li hek ; when we had travelled to that point, 
 the people were weary and the horses exhaust- 
 ed, chia" hiah hek ce ; let us rest awhile. 
 to chiu-kha-e hiah hek; resting under a tree. 
 
 — heng — 
 
 ^ffin heng 134 To give rise to; to start; 
 >r^ 205 9 to prosper, 
 heng cai ; getting on finely. heng long ; to 
 
 flourish. si-kai heng-long cai ; great worldly 
 prosperity. heng-uang ; prosperous, i ke lai 
 Bim si heng-iiang; his family is very prosper- 
 ous, ti-tiang-si heng kang ? When will you 
 begin the work ? heng-seng ; abundant. un- 
 khi heng ; luck is favorable. kau ci'-ko lai ai" 
 tong-heng lio ; it is going to flourish from 
 this time on. heng ke lip ngiap ; prosperous 
 families found estates. 
 
 heng 130 The thorax ; the breast. 
 214 6 heng-c6i"; heng-kua°-c6i°; 
 the chest, php to heng-kua"-c6i°; clasp to the 
 breast. sim-heng ho ; has a good disposition. 
 Bim-heng khuah-toa; of generous disposition, 
 heng-keh ; the diaphragm. heng-keh tie"- 
 
 tie°; a stricture or weight in the diaphragm. 
 
 tui heng, tah ka-ciah ; beat the breast and slap 
 the sides, as in token of earnestness. koi 
 
 heng, ah ka-ciah ; has a projecting breast bone 
 and is round shouldered. heng-kam kut ; 
 
 the breast-bone. sa" heng-coi" si ju tieh slna 
 much ? With what have you daubed the front 
 of your tunic ? ciah lio kai thug, raai" till tieh 
 sa" heng-coi"; do not in eating drop your soup 
 on the front of your tunic. 
 
 _^^ heng 8 To influence throughout; 
 rjr 169 5 successful, 
 chut jip heng thong ; having all things to your 
 liking. ngwn heng II ceng ; the universal 
 
 providence. 
 
 K^ heng 134 To take delight in ; elated ; 
 i^ 205 9 joyful. 
 
 hi-heng ; pleasurable. hi'-heng cu cp, m hi- 
 
 heng cu m; if he takes pleasure in it he will do 
 it, if he does not take pleasure in it, he will 
 not do it. kau-heng; highly pleased with, 
 
 bo heng ; takes no delight in. u heng ; takes 
 delight in. li heng-thau ; having a joyful time, 
 sau heng ; spoil the fun. ci hue heng-heng 
 
 ai° lai cp mih su, khut i c<5 tio khu, kle-cp sau- 
 heng; if just when you are starting off in 
 high spirits to do something he puts a stop to 
 it, that is called spoiling the pleasure. ngp 
 
 tieh i u heng-.'iin kai si-hau cp lai cii ho ; do it 
 when it happens that he is in good spirits, and 
 it will be all right. 
 
 heng 18 Punishment ; legal torture ; 
 206 4 inimical to. 
 siu heng ; to receive punishment. hSng-hwt ; 
 punishment. heng huap; the penal code, 
 
 ngiara heng; severe punishments. eng tSng 
 
 heng; inflict a heavy punishment, kia" heng; 
 carry the sentence into effect. kim-jit kia" 
 
 hdng ; this is the day for the execution. ra 
 
 eng heng i to m kheng cio ; without torture he 
 will not own it. ce eng heng i cu cio ; aa 
 
 soon he was tortured he confessed. poih jl 
 
 heng-khak ; the horoscope is inimical. i no 
 
 nang siang heng ; the two are at swords points. 
 
 L^ heng 69 Form; aspect; shape; visage; 
 206 4 contour, 
 bp hSng bo siang ; without form or likeness, 
 bp hgng-siang ho thoi"; without visible shape, 
 heng-mfiu"; heng-iong ; the general appearance, 
 hdng-iong chut lai sio cai ; his appearance is 
 very similar. kak-kak u kai heng-si; each 
 
 has his peculiar aspect. heng-thoi ; the 
 
 visible substance. heng-sie°; the visible 
 
 likeness, u hSng b6 heng; real and spiritual ; 
 visible and invisible; natural and supernatural; 
 
 ^IJ 
 
13(5 
 
 DlCTIONAUr OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 evident and unfounded. hSng-ciah khd-gl ; 
 
 the evidences are doubtful. pi" cliut cin 
 
 heng ; showed his true character. ue i k^i 
 
 li§ng-t6 ; drew a map of it. sua" heng se" l&i 
 chin-chie" pit k6 ; the contour of the mountain 
 is like that of a pen rack. sien ak cu po ju 
 
 ia° sui hgng ; the rewards of righteousness and 
 the desertM of wickedness follow them as the 
 shadow follows the substance, i k&i min Q clAe 
 heng; he has a smiling face. hue seng heng ; 
 not yet shapen. ti k&i nang hOng; has a human 
 shape, i kai mIn se" l&i ak heng ; his face has 
 a wicked look. fa h€ng fa 8ie°; a wild aspect. 
 
 ^^ h6ng 144 The elements. ngChSngsI 
 U 207 hue bak kim th(5; the five 
 elements are water, fire, wood, metal, and 
 earth. thdi" ng6 hfing ; tell fortunes. ng6 
 hSng siang se" siang khak k&i tQ-H si chim- h.u; 
 the doctrine of mutual reproduction and ex- 
 tinction among the elements is very abstra.se. 
 
 yt—f^ h6ng 144 Conduct; behavior; ac- 
 14 207 tions. 
 
 tek hSng ; virtaous conduct. fi tek tt hSng 
 
 kfti iiftng ; a man of character. ci k&i nd,ng 
 
 k&i pin-heng cia" phki ; this man's character is 
 irreproachable. tSu heng chim ; skilled in 
 
 Buddhist tricks. ci kfti nangnio-chu heng; 
 this person is of a thievish disposition, cf kfti 
 nftiig kS,i heng si hd a m hd? Does this person 
 conduct himself properly or not? ele" t<5 
 heng ; to contemplate suicide. 
 
 hong 61 Fortunate ; lucky ; happily. 
 
 208 6 heng tit ; happily succeeded 
 in. heng tit i Ifti ; luckily he came. ke mng 
 put heng ; domestic affliction. i put hSng t(5 
 mla"; he is unhappily not to be long lived. thi° 
 put hSng tang hwn si iS heng ; cheer in the 
 midst of misfortune, heng b6i ti mla"; luckily 
 does not involve life, sng si bwn hSng ; deem- 
 ed it very fortunate. 
 
 ^ 
 
 heng 75 Prunes, almonds, and plums. 
 
 209 8 heng-jin ; almonds. heng- 
 jin tg ; an emulgent tea made from almonds, 
 ngun heng ; the nuts of the gingko. tiam- 
 
 heng, kh6-heng ; sweet almonds and bitter 
 almonds. 
 
 hgng 184 Surfeited ; glutted ; filled. 
 
 1128 4 ciah kau heng ; have eaten 
 it till I loathe it. tng-tng ciah ci kai, ciah lio 
 heng cSi ; have eaten this every meal, until I 
 am sick of it. ciah kau bue ciah th6i° tieh cQ 
 Boi° heng ; have taken it so often that as soon 
 as I bee it my stomach turns against it. 
 
 tt 
 
 heng 61 Dislike, hate, aversion. 
 951 12 ua heng i ; I dislike him. 
 cliua nAng heng; leads to dislike, heng kau i 
 khung kot ; dislike him thoroughly. lin bd 
 
 heng i; we do not dislike him. heng boi tit 
 hiah ; an unconquerable aversion. uuiig sieh 
 i to m pa le, cO fl heng i ? When we have been 
 so kind that we could not do enough for him, 
 how can it be that wo dislike him. ce thoi" 
 ciu heng; hated him as soou as I saw him. 
 
 — hi — 
 
 hi ns Joy arising from divine bles- 
 H-f 178 12 sings, 
 khiong-lio sin hi ; I respectfully congratulate 
 you on this new joy. sin hi toa" pLien ; a 
 
 card bearing congratulations. 
 
 hi 60 Rare ; infrequent ; to wait in 
 
 176 4 expectation, 
 hi-mo"; hope. t<5 hi-nio"; is waiting in ex- 
 
 pectation, hi-khl ; raie; curious. hi-cie;few. 
 hi-hang; seldom, hi-haugcfti; very infrequent. 
 
 hi-seng Victims offered in sac- 
 177 rifice. 
 ci-su t-6 tMig kai hi-seng si lla'-tleh k&i ;' there 
 is a fixed rule concerning the animals that are 
 offered in sacrifice. 
 
 -^iG hi 115 Sparse ; sleazy ; not close and 
 TiW 177 7 thick. 
 
 hi-lang; sleazy, hi-hi lang-lang; full of inter- 
 stices, thdi" tieh hi-lang, m c&k; I consider it 
 very sleazy, and thin. hi-so ; spar.se. hi-hi 
 n6 ; scattered far apart. pin b&k ce, mai° pin 
 khah hi ; plait them thicker, do not weave it 
 too loose and open. ci kai sak-pin khah hi ; 
 this fine comb has the teeth too far apart. i 
 kai thau-mo° hi-hi; his hair is very thin, che" 
 hi-hi ; the stars are scattered here and there, 
 mue" mai" pu khah kjit, pu hi c5 ; do not make 
 the congee too thick, make it rather thin, pii 
 chph hi-hi k&i mue"; make some very thin gruel. 
 
 hi 30 The sound of merriment. 
 I=» 178 12 hi-hi clue ; to laugh merrily, 
 chie hi-hi; laugh aloud. ki° tieh nang to si hi- 
 hi chie; laughs whenever he sees any one. thia' 
 tieh chie hi-hi ; laughs out when he hears it. 
 
 m 
 
 hi 181 The name of the 27th dia- 
 276 7 gram, denoting to feed, 
 cek peh hiie kie-cp khi-hi ; one a hundred years 
 old is called a centenarian. pok kai khue si 
 hi khhe ; cast and threw the 27th diagram in 
 divination. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 137 
 
 Y^' hf 30 Joy ; delight ; glad ; pleased 
 "S* 180 "9 with. 
 
 hua°- hi; hf-hua°; pleased. hf su; a joyful 
 occasion, hi iong ; a happy face. hi'-khi ; 
 
 cheerful. u hi sek ; has a happy look. kong 
 hi] kiong hi ; wish you happy new-year. kio 
 i hua"- hi; congratulate him. hi'-lak ; delight, 
 hi'-hi lak-lak ; blissful, pp hi ; bring good tid- 
 ings, ho hi ; signal good news, sim hii sim si 
 hua"-hr; hua°-hi to sim ISi; is pleased at heart. 
 hua"-hi ciah ci ie" much ; enjoys eating this. 
 hi chut mo" gua ; joy beyond all expectation. 
 
 re-^ hi 62 A theatrical performance. 
 /Sa( 180 13 CO hi°; to perform a play. h\ 
 pe° ; the platform for a play, hi sie"; the boxes 
 holding the costumes of the players, hi pang; 
 a theatrical company. cek pang hi-ki'a"; a 
 
 company of actors. kio cek pang hi; call a 
 
 company of players. toa pang hi ; a first-rate 
 company of performers. hi-kieh ; an actor, 
 
 hi toa"; an actor who performs female parts, 
 hi phaa ; co hi kai hok-sek ; costumes. hi 
 
 pfig ; dry food. thoi" hi; see a play. sie 
 
 tau hi ; rival performances. thio-hi i ; takes 
 liberties with him. hi-long i ; makes game 
 
 of him. CO pa-hi ; perform sleight of hand 
 
 tricks. ia" hi ; shadow pictures. cha- 
 
 thS,u hi ; a play with wooden puppets. a-no"- 
 ki'a" hi; a play performed by children. peh ji 
 hi ; a play in the local dialect. cia" ji hi ; a 
 
 play in the court dialect. lang-thang hi ; a 
 
 play in which the actors speak in a language 
 rot easily understood. gua kang ki ; a play 
 in which the actors speak a foreign language, 
 hi-thai ; the stage. hi kwn ; a theatre. cek 
 chut hi; one play, thoi" hi ngo tieh nang toa" 
 i°, thia" ko, ngp tieh nang phai ci"; arriving at 
 a play just at the final act, or at a story-teller's 
 just as the collection is being taken. 
 
 SC^ hi 120 A succession, as in a family. 
 
 y^|S 181 1 ch§ i kai si hi ; examine 
 
 his genealogy. si hi sie tang ; of the same 
 geneaiogy. 
 
 JFgb hi 64 To conduct ; to take along. 
 IJ^ 179 10 si i to thi-hi; it is he who 
 makes the recommendation. hi-toa mueh- 
 
 kia"; to trail something after one. 
 
 A^i hi 9 To connect with what is 
 \7\\ 181 7 before. 
 
 kwn-hi ; consequences ; what follows in con- 
 nection, ci kia" su u toa kwn-hi ; this affair 
 has important connections. kwn-hi m si soi ; 
 the results are not small, kwn-hi si tang ; the 
 
 consequences are serious. hd a xn6 si kwn-hl 
 to ci cak su; whether the results be good or ill 
 depends on this portion of the bu.siness. oi a 
 boi si kwn-hi to ci kai nang ; whether it can bo 
 done or not depends on this person. jieh coi 
 na,ng kai se"-mia" si kwn-hi to ci ku ue ; many 
 persons lives depend upon these words, kwn- 
 hi hah po kai su; involves the business of the 
 whole mart. 
 
 — hi" — 
 
 water. 
 
 To sprinkle with a liquid, 
 hi" cui ; to sprinkle with 
 
 hi" 64 To fling with a sudden jerk ; 
 
 721 12 to shake off. 
 hi" khui ; cast aside. chiu hi" cheng-khih ; 
 
 shake your hands clean of it. hi" tio eng- 
 
 tdng ; shake off the dust. chau-chieh hi" 
 
 cheng-khih ; shake the mat clean. hi" kaa i 
 
 cek sin ciii ; shook himself and spattered the 
 water all over her. hi" mSng ; to shake out a 
 net. i khu ki" i, khut i hi" puah loh khu ; he 
 went to see him, and was shoved aside by him 
 so rudely that he fell down. i hi" chiu, m 
 
 kheng li ; he flirted his hands as a sign that he 
 would do nothing about it. sa"-ng hi" tit, co i 
 khu ; straightened his sleeves with a flirt, and 
 went off. sa" tieh hi" tit, khut i phak, cia" 
 boi jio ; the clothes must be shaken and snap- 
 ped till they are straight, then when dried 
 they will not be wrinkled. hi" kau hng-hng 
 loh khu ; shook it off so violently that it was 
 flung to a great distance, hi" gS ; to snap and 
 shake the jaws, as after tasting something that 
 is offensive. nio-ho" kS, si-kang-kia" hi" ge; 
 a tiger snapping his jaws after biting into a 
 castaway infant. cek tng cu hi" ge; if he puts 
 his nose in it once he will not want to do it a 
 second time. 
 
 hi" 57 The string of a bow. 
 
 197 6 keng hi"; keng cie" hi"; the 
 string of a bow. phah cek tio ho-hd kai keng 
 hi" lai kah ci kai keng ; make a good bow-string 
 for this bow. kia" keng-hi" pi kia" keng-pii 
 kHn hph coi ; it is much nearer if you follow 
 the diameter rather than the circumference of 
 the circle. 
 
 ■^X> ^^° i^ '^ stringed instrument of 
 AI?1^ 197 5 music. 
 
 sa"-hi"; a three stringed guitar. toa" sa"-hi°; 
 thrum on a guitar. ku hi"; play the violin. 
 
 ji-hi°; a rebeck with two strings. mia"-ke ku 
 ji-hi"; skillful in playing the rebeck. gueh-hi°; 
 
138 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 a round guitar. hi" sua" tng khu ; the string 
 of the fiddle has broken. cSk ki hi"; a one 
 
 stringed fiddle. hi" soi" hua hd ; first atune 
 
 the instrument, i ka-ki oi ku hi" l^i hua i ka- 
 ki kai khek ; he can accompany his own songs 
 on the viol. 
 
 nnr hi" 128 The ear; the organ of 
 ^-*-l* 720 hearing ; a handle, 
 hi" thia"; ear-ache. hi" kliang ; the aperture 
 of the ear. hi" sai ; ear wax. kau hi"; to 
 scrape the ear passages. kau tio hi°-sai ; to 
 
 dig the wax out of the car. hi" tiii ; the lobe 
 of the ear. hi" to ; tlie ear. hi" ki'a" mng ; 
 the outer ear. ua chin hi" thia°-k\"; I heard 
 it with my own ears. hi" lang ; deaf. l&u 
 hi" lang-k6i ; to have matter exude from the 
 .ear. hi" kau ; car-rings of a hooked shape, 
 
 hi" hwn ; ear-rings. kua hi" kau ; wears ear- 
 rings, chng III"; to pierce the ears. hi 
 kau-tlmi ; the drops attached to an ear-ring, 
 thong hwn hi" kau ; an ear-ring with a pendant 
 ring. sun huang hi"; an ear that detects a 
 favorable wind. choi" li ngan, bwn li hi"; 
 eyes that see a thousand miles, and ears that 
 hear ten thousand miles ; the two attendants 
 of the Queen of Heaven. hi" Ifti cJii ; has 
 sharp ears. sak hi" khang ; to plug up the 
 ears. a" hi" khang; to cover the ears with 
 the hands. hi" khang sak chau ciia, raai' 
 khu thia" i ; stuff your ears with brown paper, 
 and do not heed him. ci'a ue ce thia" cu tieh 
 soi" hi"; after hearing this talk one should 
 wash his ears, hi" niak chiii phi" se" lai long- 
 cong ngfa; all his features are handsome. hi 
 choi"; an ear-broom. uai hi"; to clean out the 
 ears. kuah tio hi"; to cut off the ears. cai 
 hi" ci"; wear an arrow through the ear as a 
 punishment. hi" pe ; an ear- rake. pit-po 
 hi"; bat-eared. hi" p6 kham-khara ; lop eared, 
 hi" khia-khia tiam-tiara thia"; ears alert listen- 
 ing intently. ue hi"; the ears of a pot. ho" 
 hi" chau ; the strawberry geranium. iS cek 
 khi ci" bo, u no kai hi" ho kham hi"; there is a 
 sort of felt cap with tabs to cover the ears, 
 hi" cim ; a pillow having a hollow for the ear. 
 tia"- kia" hi" ; the ears of an iron pan. sang 
 poi" CO no kai hi" hd khieh ; make eara on the 
 two sides to hold it by. ai" liah ngio to si 
 kua" i kai hi" io coi ; in catching a kitten one 
 generally holds it up by the ears. 
 
 — hia — 
 
 ^IfT hia 97 A flat dipper with a short 
 
 >gpV 683 11 handle; to dip with a flat 
 
 dipper. 
 
 ge-cf hia ; a dipper made from a cocoa-nut 
 
 shell. pu-hia; a dipper made from a gourd- 
 shell, cha pu-hia; a broad, flat, wooden dip- 
 per, hia no hia sie ciii ; dip up two dipperf ula 
 of hot water. 
 
 hia 2 hia-thSu; hia-hwn ; a young 
 1066 2 slave girl. 
 
 T 
 
 ^\U 229 4 
 
 Bootfl. 
 
 cien hia; soldiers' boots, 
 pang th&u hia ; square toed boots. tng hia ; 
 satin boots. p6 hia ; cloth boots. ciii hia ; 
 boots for wet weather, cek sang hia; a pair of 
 boots. c§k ciah hia ; one boot. hia thang ; 
 hia ang ; boot-leg. hia th&u ; the toe of a boot, 
 keh hia p6 cie ; like scratching your leg 
 through your boot, unsatisfactory. thng tio 
 hia; take off your boots. cheng hia ; put on 
 or wear boots. hia ciam di ; shoes, like boots 
 without legs. 
 
 Those ; that ; what. 
 
 hfa ka.i s! sim-mueh ? What 
 are those things ? hfa nang long-cdng chut 
 khu ; those people have all gone out. hia bI 
 
 c6-ni le"? In what condition is that one P 
 
 Til'* ^510 4 
 
 h!a 173 Red haze or colored clouds. 
 
 182 9 hiin hia ; red clouds. chai 
 hia; lurid haze, jit-than cie" 16h kai si-hau e- 
 e th6i"-tieh hia-kuang bwn tSu; at sunrise and 
 sunset one frequently sees the bright rays 
 shining in all directions. 
 
 hia 162 Distant, remote, far off. 
 
 182 9 hd jit si mong huang- ti seng- 
 hia kai jit-cf ; that is the day on which a certain 
 emperor departed this life. hia-huang kai ti- 
 ling ; unknown desert regions. 
 
 hia 96 A flaw ; a defect. 
 
 183 9 bo hia ; flawless. bo ti'am 
 hia ; without defect. peh gek bo hia ; white 
 jade has no flaw ; spotless purity. bo hia put 
 seng gek ; there is no gem without a flaw, ci 
 kai mak-k\a" khah se" hia, ci tiam hia tii-tii 
 se" to tin-tang, bo eng ; these spectacles have 
 too many flaws in them, here is one exactly in 
 the middle, rendering them useless. ci kai 
 kia" ho c3.i, tng tiam hia ; this lens is very fine, 
 and without flaw. 
 
 hia 72 Leisure ; unoccupied ; relaxa- 
 }rX 184 9 tion. 
 6i°-hia; at leisure. bp mih 6i°-hia ; has not 
 much leisure, m hia chiim khiu ; no leisure to 
 inquire deeply. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 139 
 
 npf* hta 98 Tilea. 
 
 ^^ 183 si hia ; thin tiles. pi" hia ; 
 
 thick tiles. kSa hia ; tiles for the edge of the 
 roof. chu hia; tiles for roofing houses. hia 
 thang; convex tiles, pho hia; to lay tiles, hia 
 pho lai bak-bak ; the tiles are laid very close, 
 hia pho khah hi ; the tiles are laid too far 
 apart. 
 
 ^ |/" hia 1 Lower; to lower ; near. 
 
 1^ 183 2 hia pin kai nang ; the lower 
 classes. hia lia ; the baser sort. in sio-li hia 
 mng; do not hesitate to ask yonr inferiors, 
 hia chi'a; to begin to act; to lay hand upon, 
 rli ka° hia chin; dared not put his hand to it. 
 i lai hia cien-cu ; he sends a challenge. si hia 
 bo nang ; there was no one about. li hia i 
 
 nang pit u so khiu ; when one is treated with 
 great deference, some favor is soon to be asked 
 from him. ci kia" ieh oi hia khi ; this sort 
 
 of medicine is sedative. Ma-teng kai nang 
 
 m-ho pi siang-teng kai nang ; the lower classes 
 of people are not to be put in comparison with 
 the higher. 
 
 hia 142 The ant. 
 
 279 13 peh hia ; white ants. kau 
 hia ; the tall ant. ng-si hia ; small red ants, 
 
 pue hia ; the winged ant. hia kong ; hia ang ; 
 the queen or leader among the ants. hia tau; 
 ants' nests, hia tin ; the lines of ants, peh hia 
 cue ; the roads made by white ants, hia to pe ; 
 the ant is crawling, khut hia nih tieh ; bitten 
 by an ant. ng-si-hia cie° pak-kia"; an ant go- 
 ing up to Peking ; it is unlikely that the goal 
 will soon be reached, hia to cng ; the ants are 
 eating it. kiu hia ; to preserve the life of an 
 ant. pgh-thng se" hia ; the sugar has ants in 
 it. hu cek koi" chu 6i cie° hia a boi ? Is that 
 house infested by ants ? mai" se" ciii hia cu 
 ho ; if it is neither damp nor infested by ants it 
 will do. cek sie" mueh co ce klmt peh hia cii 
 tio; the whole box of things has been devoured 
 by the white ants. hia tieh cai toh tio ; you 
 must be careful to pick out the ants. jio tio 
 hia; drive out the ants. kha tio hia ; drive 
 away the ants by tapping the dish. 
 
 — hia" — 
 
 Lfl hia" 10 An elder brother ; a senior ; 
 >^u 213 3 used after names as a term 
 of respect, like Mr. 
 
 hi" ti ; brothers. hia" ti kia"; little brothers, 
 chin hia" ti ; own brothers. thang hia" 
 
 ti ; cousins, sons of brothers. 1 pie hia" ti ; 
 
 cousins, sons of sisters. pie hia" ti ; male 
 
 cousins of different surnames. ciiang hia" ti ; 
 second cousins. cok iSi hia" ti ; men of the 
 same clan, tang pau hia" ti ; sons of the same 
 father and mother. i b(5 hia" ti ; brothers 
 
 having the same father, but not the same 
 mother. tek su hia" ti ; sons of the chief and 
 of the inferior wife. tang ni hia" ti ; friends 
 born in the same year, or men who would have 
 been married to each other had they not been 
 of the same sex. meng hia" ti; brethren of the 
 same creed. sia hia" ti ; hue hia" ti ; brethren 
 of the same sect. ngi hia" ti ; brothers by 
 
 adoption. ua" thiap hia" ti ; brothers by 
 
 exchange of cards bearing dates of birth days, 
 ua" hia" ti; fellow-graduates, ni hia" tl ; those 
 who in the same year attain a literary degree 
 higher than the first. sai hia" ti ; fellow- 
 
 apprentices, su hia" ti; those of the same craft, 
 khoi CO hia" ti ; made brothers by a contract, 
 hia" ti kua"; officials of the same rank. ngo 
 
 hia"; I, your unworthy elder brother. leng 
 
 hia"; your elder brother. ke hia"; my elder 
 
 brothel*, pe hia"; father's elder brother, hia" 
 s(5 ; elder brother's wife. soi" hia"; your 
 
 departed brother, a-hia'* hue; seniors, a-hia" 
 hue, kia" khui ce ; get out of the way there, 
 brethren. u kai a-hia" nang to kia"; an 
 
 elderly man was going along. hia" thai ; 
 
 laa hia" thai ; honorable Sir. hia" cfang ; 
 
 respected friends, used as an address in writ- 
 ing, khong huang hia"; the brother with 
 the square hole, a cash. hia" miie ; brother 
 and sister, a lin hia"; Mr. Un. mong a-hia"; 
 that man. lu kie-co mih a-hia"? What are 
 you called Sir ? nin a hia" hue to co mih su ? 
 What are your men-folks doing? toa hia", 
 ji hia"; the eldest and next to the eldest 
 brother. 
 
 hia" 148 To push sidewise with the 
 99 13 horns, 
 khut gu hia" tieh ; hooked by an ox. ci ciah 
 gu oi hi'a" nang ; this ox is apt to hit people 
 with its horns. 
 
 tit^ hia" 64 To widen ; to open out. 
 Iu( 3 6 hia" khui khut i phak; open 
 it up to the sun. khui hia"-hia" to la ; opened 
 out fully for airing. nin kai mng co-ni khui 
 kau hia"-hia" ? Why are all your doors thrown 
 wide open ? lie ta" lio, hia"- hia" khui ; having 
 spoken about it, he continued to expatiate 
 upon it. kun-su hia" co no poi", tin-tang 
 
 kai toa phau cii bii khu ; the troops defiled to 
 either side, and the great canon in the middle 
 volleyed forth. 
 
140 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 /%y^ 744 12 fire. 
 
 hue tieh hia" thong-long thong-long ; lay the 
 fire in such a way that there will be plenty of 
 fuel with spaces for draught between, khiam 
 cha, hia" phiia can; lacking wood, (one cannot) 
 make the fire so hot as to crack the furnace, 
 jwn hia", hia" rli sek ; however much fuel I put 
 on, I can't make the fire hot enough to cook 
 it. hia" ciii lai 66i-6k ; heat water for bathing, 
 miieh-hia"; fuel. toh choh raiieh-hia" \ki h!a"; 
 take some fuel and put it on the fire. 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 hia" 18 Criminal jurisprudence. 
 
 206 4 hia" p5 ; the Board of Pun. 
 ishraents. hia" p5 8le"-cu; the President of the 
 Board of Punishments. hia" p&ng a-piin ; a 
 
 clerk in the criminal courts. hia" mia" su-ia ; 
 a counsellor in criminal cases in the local 
 courts. 
 
 lA hia" 140 Mugwort ; moxa. 
 >/^ 620 2 chah hia"; to wear sprigs of 
 mugwort in the hair. hia" jong ; moxa punk, 
 io biie ceng mang tieh hia" t5 ko ; has not yet 
 come any where near carrying out the project, 
 hd cang hia" khu soi cu h(5 ; it will get woU if 
 you bathe it with mugwort. 
 
 — hiah — 
 
 hiah 76 To stop, cease, rest, or pause. 
 
 195 9 hiah sek ; to repose. hiah 
 kang ; knock off work. hiah cii ; to cease, 
 
 hiah kha ; cease moving the feet. hiah chi'u ; 
 cease doing what is being done with the hands, 
 hiah kheh ; a guest at an inn. hiah tiam ; 
 
 stop at an inn. hiah hek ce ; rest a moment, 
 hiah khim-kla"; stop a little while. hiah n6 
 
 sa" jit ; stop for two or three days. hiah tlo 
 khang-khiie ; stop work. seng-li hiah ngiap; 
 has given up the business. ta" m hiah ; talk 
 without ceasing. iii kheng hiah ; would not 
 
 stop. hiah ta"; put down the load. to i kp 
 hiah cek me"; stopped with him one night, 
 hiah kau ta° jieh kii ? How long since they 
 stopped ? hiah ce cii tieh cai cp ; after stop- 
 ping a moment, must go on working at it. ci'o 
 hiah to chiu teng ; birds perch in the trees, 
 hiah-tiam; to halt, hiah juah ; rest on account 
 of heat. chia" hiah cek e ; please stop a mo- 
 ment, hvvn-lio bOe hiah ; have not yet stop- 
 ped, hi hiah pe" a bQe ? Is the performance 
 over yet ? hiah ko lio ; the performance is 
 
 finished, hiah tau ; take a nooning, hiah h5; 
 when the rain ceases. ca cp, ca hiah, mang 
 
 cp li mang hiah ; if you begin early you will 
 stop early, but if you begin late you will stop 
 
 late. b6 kp h<5 hiah kha ; no resting place for 
 the foot. hue sie m hiah ; the fire kept burn- 
 ing unceasingly. hiie tph bue hiah; the fire 
 has not yet ceased to blaze. 
 
 ^JTy hiah 60 Official underlings and 
 lJ%- 1095 4 attendants ; government 
 service; to minister to. 
 
 che hiah ; a constable or p>oliceman. ge hiah ; 
 a runner about the public courts. pfi hiah ; a 
 sergeant. thaa hiah, siia" hiah ; the bead 
 
 sergeant and his second. cua"-hiah ; menials, 
 cla" mia", cia hiah ; to attain distinction. fl 
 
 mia" a hiah kai nftng; a person of reputation, 
 cong jit hiah-hiah, to nl ku II tla"-tia"; inces- 
 santly at work, with no regard for ought but 
 gain, ciu jit hiah-hiah, b6 si 6i"; drudges all 
 day without repose. sa" pang nftng-hiah, cek 
 pang si chui ci"-nie k&i, cek pang si liah ch&k 
 kai, cek pang si If ua" kla" cAp su kai ; there 
 are three classes of official underlings, one 
 class is made up of those who collect the taxes, 
 one of those who catch thieves, and one of 
 those who attend to all sorts of law cases. 
 
 ^1^ hiah 181 The forehead; a fixed 
 J^ 628 9 number or quantity, 
 th&u hiah ; the forehead. hiah kuk ; the 
 
 protuberances on the forehead. pin hiah ; a 
 tablet. khftp thau khap hiah ; to kneel and 
 
 knock the head on the ground. cQang thfta 
 cQang hiah ; to beat the head against some- 
 thing, tia" thau khup hiah ; to come across 
 one. hiah gua ; over and above the fixed 
 amount. hiah s\o; the fixed number. 6i 
 khueh hiah a b6i ? Is there any vacancy in the 
 number ? khok hiah ; a large full forehead. 
 
 — hiam — 
 
 'v/i hiam 160 Peppery ; pungent ; acrid. 
 
 - I * 806 hi hiam ; it has a pungent 
 flavor, hiam-cie ; red pepper, mai" loh khah 
 hiam ; do not put in too much pepper. ci le" 
 khah hiam, thhu tiam ce; this sort has too sharp 
 a taste ; make it a little sweeter. bl so hiam- 
 luah ; the flavor is very pungent. sng hiam 
 tiam ; a spicy acidulated sweetness. 
 
 j^^^ hiam 170 Dangerous ; in jeopardy ; 
 ")(a 200 13" on the verge of. 
 huang-hiam ; dangerous; insecure, hiam-hfam 
 puah loh khu; was in imminent danger of 
 falling, i ci tng pe" kau hiam-hiam si ; in this 
 relapse, he was at the point of death. ci tlo 
 iQ liiam ; this road is dangerous. ngui-hiam ; 
 perilous. ISng-hi'am ; reckless of danger, 
 
 hau" iSng-hiam ; likes to rash into danger, i 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 141 
 
 un-iin kai su to m c6, mng liau" lang-hfara ; he 
 never will do what is safe, but always seeks 
 what is hazardous. i cek se" bo kia" hi'aru 16, 
 to si kia° un-tang kai su ; all his life he has 
 never goue into danger, but has done what was 
 perfectly safe, hi'am ceng; dangerous diseases. 
 ci kai nang sim si im-hiam ; this person is very 
 scheming. mSu" hi'ara ; looks wicked, hiam- 
 haam tieh ; came very near hitting it. ci kia" 
 BU khah hiara, m-hp co ; this is too dangerous, 
 do not do it. 
 
 hiam 38 To find fault with ; to dis- 
 197 10 like ; to depreciate, 
 hiap-hiam ; to be prejudiced. i ce hiap-hiam 
 cu ta° kau i jieh m hp ; he is prejudiced and 
 so tells how bad he is. sim chut i si hlap- 
 
 hiara kai ; judged that he was prejudiced. si 
 ch6ng-c6i" li hiam-khiah ; there was a previous 
 grudge. i sim lai huai u coi" jit kai kiam- 
 
 khiah to kp ; he cherishes an old grudge. pi 
 hiam-gi; avoid an appearance of evil. Iti mai" 
 khi-hiam; do not be offended, lu a m siu cu si 
 khi-hiam ; if you do not accept it, it is because 
 you are offended. hiam i m ngi'a ; find fault 
 with its lack of beauty, lu mai" hiam ; do not 
 be fastidious. lu tieh hp hiam i ; you should 
 reprove him. ci'a hwn-lfo Ip hiam ; is still 
 
 expressing dissatisfaction with this. i si m 
 
 hio kui-ku, lu tieh cai hiam i ; he is unman- 
 nerly, and you should reprove him. i to hiam 
 cie° hiam hie° ; he finds fault with everything, 
 i khut i hiam tieh m su-hok; he does not submit 
 to being found fault with by her. cp kau mih 
 nang bp hiam ; do so well that none can find 
 fault with you. bo nang ka" hiam ; no one 
 
 dared find any fault with it. cia kang-hu, 
 
 sit-cSi b6 kp hp hiam ; this work is certainly 
 beyond criticism. i no nang bp hiam bp 
 
 khiah ; the two never get offended with each 
 other. 
 
 — hiang — 
 
 hiang 163 Pertaining to the country. 
 189 10 hiang chin ; one belong- 
 ing to one's own village. kak chu k^i hiang 
 th&m m tang ; the dialect of different places 
 is different. hiang pa-lau ; a countrified 
 
 old man. 
 
 hiang 186 Odor, perfume, aroma; 
 188 reputable, 
 hiang-khi ; odor. u hiang-thslu ; has an odor. 
 b6 sim-mih hiang-thau ; has very little aroma, 
 cu hiang ke ; a literary family. in u4ng 
 
 u cu hiang; those people have a literary 
 reputation. 
 
 ^^It hiang J80 To reverberate ; to sound ; 
 p^" 189 13 an echo ; noise, 
 cek sia" hiang ; one clap. 8ia"-im hfang-llang ; 
 it resounds. hiang-hi'ang liang-liang; rever- 
 berating, i kai lie ta" Ifti bp mih hiang-llang ; 
 his voice has very little volume. phong-phie 
 hiang ; the sound of fire-crackers. cheng 
 
 hiang ; the sound of guns. toa phau hiang ; 
 
 the sound of cannon ; cannonading, ko hiang ; 
 the sound of drums, ceng hue hiang ; the bell 
 has not yet rung. ci kai si-ceng boi hiang; 
 
 this clock does not strike. pliah m hiang ; 
 
 does not resound when struck, piin rn hiang; 
 does not sound when blown. cui hiang ; the 
 sound of waters. peng bp ia" hiang ; neither 
 sound nor shadow ; nothing to be seen nor 
 heard. hiang be ckak ; mounted banditti, 
 
 sng si ia" hiang kai lie ; this is mere idle talk, 
 sia" hiang cai ; it sounds out loudly. khap 
 
 hiang thau ; importunately ; you can hear my 
 head as it knocks. hiang eng si ci-kp c5 
 
 hiang, hu-kp cu in ; an echo, is the response 
 from there to a sound made here. 
 
 f=» hiang 8 To enjoy ; to receive grate- 
 -^ 189 6 fully. 
 
 hiang hok; to enjoy happiness; to receive bless- 
 ings, hiang siu jieh coi hue ? How long did 
 he live ? Q hok m hp cin hiang; it is not well 
 to run through all your pleasures. hiang hok 
 cSi ; very highly favored of the gods, bue pat 
 hiang tieh hok ; he has never had any happiness. 
 
 ^M^ hiang 184 To entertain guests. 
 ^^^ 189 Ts" len-hiang pin-kheh; invite 
 guests to a formal banquet. hiiam cok-bun 
 
 kau hu biie to si ta" " siang-hiang" ; " still 
 come to the sacrifice " is written at the end of 
 all prayers. 
 
 I P|t hiang 30 Facing ; towards ; hitherto ; 
 
 I'TJ 190 3 inclining to ; flaring, 
 hiang tang a hiang sai ? Does it face the east 
 or the west ? hiang lam hp kiie hiang pak ; 
 
 it is better to face the south rather than the 
 north, niin hiang hie" p6i°; his face is turned 
 the other way. no koi° chu sie hiang ; the 
 
 two houses face each other. hiang lai m pat 
 thoi^-ki"; hitherto I have not seen it. cek 
 
 hiang m pat thia''-ki" sie-sit ; for a while past 
 nothing has been heard from him. ai" eng 
 
 sim-mih hng-hiang ? ai° eng sim-mih hng-hie"? 
 What sort of location is desirable ? i si hiang 
 lu ta" a si hiang i ta"? Is he inclined to heed 
 what you say or what she says ? si hiang ua 
 ta" kai ; he is inclined to my view of the case. 
 leng-ua° iit ji hiang ; change the direction so as 
 to face another point of the compass. ji-cap- 
 
142 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 81 hiang ; the twentj-four points of compass, 
 ji-cap-si hiang sui n^ng hiang ; one may face 
 any point of the compass. to cai ai° hiang tl- 
 kp ho ; do not know which way it would be 
 well to face. lu thoi" i kai sira il hiang ua 
 
 a bo ? Do you think his regard is directed 
 toward me ? hiang coi" khu jio i ; go ahead 
 and overtake him. chia" nang hiang c6i'' l&i 
 ta" ue ; call upon a person to come forward and 
 speak. m ho kdi su mai" hiang c6i°; do not 
 
 go forward in a bad business. min rain sie 
 
 hiang ; facing each other. hiang tiii c.i-'k.b 
 
 khu; go in this direction. i k&i chiii khah 
 
 hiang ; its mouth is too flaring. chui hiang- 
 hiang; a very flaring mouth. chQe kai chui 
 mai" khah hiang kfii ; seek for one tliat has not 
 too flaring a mouth. khui-hue hiang jit ; the 
 sunflower turns toward the sun. mng-ia.u sie 
 hiang; their doors are opposite each other, 
 hiang tui hu Su ko khu; turned toward the 
 after part. i kai min hiang tQ hu toi, th<5i°- 
 m-ki°; his face is turned toward the inner side, 
 and he does not see. i c6 phu klii lui thi° e 
 
 kfti nang 16ng-16ng hiang-eng ; as soon as he 
 becames prominent, all in the empire turned to 
 him. hiang pue ; to incline toward or from. 
 8U sdng a m sC-.ng si td n&ng sim k&i hiang pQe 
 ko cu h(5 thoi" chut ; whether the thing will be 
 accomplished or not, may be discovered by ob- 
 servation of the inclinations of people's minds. 
 
 irt hiang 184 Taxes; duties; excise; fixed 
 
 |H| 190 6 allowances. 
 pia° hiang ; the pay and allowances of soldiers, 
 kun hiang ; rations for troops. nlo hiang ; 
 
 revenue ; moneys received for the land tax ; 
 coramissai'iat funds. ciah hiang ; rations ; al- 
 lowances for food. 61 ciah cheng hiang a si ciah 
 keng-ci° hiang ? Does he live upon the pay of a 
 gunner or of an archer ? lia si ciah be hiang ; 
 1 receive pay as a calvalry soldier, hiang kwn; 
 a custom house, lap hiang; to pay duties, siie 
 hiang ; collect taxes. hiang ngun ; the money 
 paid or received as duty. cie° hiang; enter for 
 examination at the custom house. po hiang ; 
 inform as to the amount due as excise duty, 
 hiang toa°; a certificate that duty has been 
 paid. cau hiang ; to smuggle. che hiang ; 
 examine the articles subject to duty. phah 
 
 hiang ; levy duties. hiang bii ; the business 
 of one in the custom's service. thiu hiang ; 
 
 assess the amount of duty. kue hiang ; pass 
 the custom house examination. khieh hiang ; 
 to collect duties, hiang tng; a licensed pawn- 
 shop, hiang-kwn kai Sue-bu-si ; the Commis- 
 sioner of Customs. hiang-kwn toa sia; the 
 chief clerk in the custom house. 
 
 — hiap — 
 p-I-* hlap 80 To rhyme ; to harmonize. 
 "^ I 195 2 hiap un ; to form a rhyme, 
 cf kai jl loh khu r7i hiap un ; this letter does 
 not form a rhyme with the others. ci kai jl 
 tieh thftk hlap irn ; this letter must be so read 
 OS to make its sound rhyme with that of the 
 others. 
 
 hiap 24 To bring into accord; joint; 
 
 195 6 united in. 
 tang sim, hiap lak ; of one mind and acting in 
 concert, t&i-ke hiap-lak khu cp ; all join your 
 forces and go and do it. hiap phoi" tfi.i-hak- 
 hQ ; an assistant cabinet minister. hiap-thfti ; 
 hiap- tin; a colonel, usually in charge of a 
 garrison. 
 
 hiap 180 The flanks ; the sides ; to 
 
 195 6 intimidate, 
 hiap-e ; the space on the sides of the human 
 trunk under the arms, pek-hiap ; to overawe, 
 hiap khwn-si ; overpower. cang ui-si hiap i ; 
 used his influence to intimidate him. 
 
 hiap 37 To press between two. 
 
 356 4 hiap kong ; to attack on 
 both sides, hiap toa sai hue ; goods smuggled 
 iu the girdle, hiap toa; to conceal in the girdle. 
 
 ^ 
 
 hiap 64 To cherish or harbour. 
 
 356 7 hiap hiam; cherish prejudice, 
 hiap hun ; cherish dislike, hiap chia ; harbour 
 enmity. hiap ci i ; prevent him from appeal- 
 ing by threats of consequences. 
 
 m 
 
 hlap 9 Ready to maintain another's 
 
 356 7 cause, 
 kiam hiap ; a . sword which aids a friend in 
 need. hiap kheh ; a supernatural advocate, 
 
 hau-hiap ; a hero. 
 
 m 
 
 >//i^ Vnit hiap-ciap Blended in views or 
 iri !>% 976 feelings, 
 
 hiap-ciap ; hiap-hiap ciap-ciap ; making an un- 
 broken story or circuit ; pervading. kk-hiio 
 hiah-ciap ; imbued with these teachings. 
 
 — hie" — 
 
 hie" 163 A village. 
 
 189 10 hie°-li; a village, 
 chng; a hamlet; an unwalled village, 
 in the villages. 
 
 hie' 
 hie" to; 
 hie" e ; hie" kang ; in the 
 country. hie"-lin ; a neighborhood. tSng 
 hie"-li ; belonging to the same village. ku 
 hie"; the village where one formerly lived : 
 one's native village, keh hie"; the next village. 
 lin-kuQ hie"; neighboring villages. loh hie"| 
 
DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 143 
 
 go into the country. m6''-ki'' ke-liie"; look 
 
 from afar upon his native phice. hie" njin; 
 
 vilhigers ; country people. hie" lau ; a village 
 elder, hie" sin; country gentlemen. p£g hie"; 
 one's own village. keh cek kai hie"; the ad- 
 joining village. hie°-e nang; hie" kang nang ; 
 ku hie" nang; country people. i hie"; strange 
 places, gua hie"; remote places. thong hie"- 
 li ; throughout the village. hSm hie" iTi hau"; 
 whole village was opposed to it. hie" cok ; 
 
 village clans. hie" tang kai sin-su ; village 
 
 gentry. kak ko kak ko kai hie" tham ; each 
 place has its peculiar mode of speech. li hie" 
 piet ce°; to leave home, li-khui ka-ki kai hie°- 
 li; depart from one's own village. gu hie" be 
 ]i; a village of brates ; brought up like cattle; 
 (said in reviling people). hue hie"; a cluster 
 of villages. phah hie"; to attack and punish 
 a village. phoi" hie"; to adjudicate affairs in 
 Tillages, chau hie"; to subdue rebellion by ex- 
 tii'pating a village, chau-pe" i kai hie"; razed 
 their villages. li hie" put li khie"; when you 
 leave your village you do not leave your brogue, 
 sie pe" i kai hie"; burned their village to the 
 ground. tang hie" m tang cok ; of the same 
 
 village but not of the same clan. hin-khek 
 
 kai hie"-li iIi ka" hai-tp ; the villages now-a- 
 days dare not, engage in feuds. bo khub i jip 
 hie"; would not allow nini to settle in the vill- 
 age, jlo chut hie"-li; ejected him from the 
 village. hie"-li thau kau hie"-li hue jieh hng ? 
 How far is it from one end of the village to 
 the other ? hie"-e so ; countrified ; rustic, 
 cong-jit to si to chui hie"; he frequents grog- 
 shops, hie" li hie" kui ; the fixed customs of 
 a place. tin ci hie"-li kai kui-li si cie"-se" ; 
 such are the customs of our place. hie" ieh ; 
 boundaries of territory, and contracts between 
 villages. kak hie" kak hie" kai sok ; the 
 habits of people differ in different places, hie" 
 bak ; village literati. hie" chin ; one of one's 
 own village. hie" kua" in kak ; the indorse- 
 ment of the ofl&cials of his own village. 
 
 ^^/|^ hie" 186 Incense ; odor ; perfume. 
 ^^ 188 hie" lio ; the aromatic stuffs 
 of which incense is made. hie" cha ; fragrant 
 woods, hie" buah ; incense powder. hie" 16 ; 
 a censer. hie" ki ; incense sticks, cek ki hie"; 
 an incense stick. sie hie"; burns incense, 
 
 kia" hie"; to offer incen.se. cie" hie"; to set 
 
 incense sticks in place before the gods. chah 
 hie"; to insert incense sticks in the censer, 
 hie" ua"; incense tables in temples. hie" pau ; 
 scent bags, hie" cu; fragrant beads made from 
 odoriferous wood, un hie" cha; burn aromatic 
 woods. phang hie"; sweet-smelling stuffs. 
 
 hie" tSng ; a miniature temple erected over the 
 incense urns, hie" lang ; a box for perfumery, 
 hie" in; the smoke from burning incense, hie" 
 hue; an amulet made with ashes taken from 
 the censer of some god. hie" teng c\ ngiap ; 
 property of which the income must be used in 
 the worship of ancestors. hie" teng pho ; a 
 
 shop whose possessor must offer the customary 
 worship to the original owner. hie" teng 
 
 chang ; a field whose owner must offer sacrifices 
 to the manes of the former proprietor. hie" 
 iu ; aromatic oil. leng-hie" iu ; bergamot. 
 
 an-sek hie"; gum benjamin. kia" si kue sok 
 
 hie"; when engaged in worship, placing the 
 incense before the god ahead of time ; getting 
 ahead of those who were first in the market, 
 sfe-hue-hie"; caraway seeds. 
 
 W*t hie" 30 Direction; bearing; points 
 
 I'^J 190 3 of compass, 
 ji-cap-si hng-hie"; the twenty-four points of 
 compass. kin-ni ci kai hng-hie" lai a m lai ? 
 Are the bearings of this position such as to 
 promise good luck for this year ? 
 
 
 iie~ 149 An excess ; very. 
 
 228 4 hie" coi; very many, i khu 
 kau hie" kii, hvvn-lio hue lai ; he has been gone 
 an excessively long time, and has not come 
 even yet. 
 
 — hieh — 
 
 ]^-rt hieh 181 The leaves of a book. 
 ji^ 194 cek hieh cu; one leaf of a 
 book. than hieh ; the first leaf. biie hieh ; 
 the last leaf. hien kiie hieh ; io° kiie hieh ; 
 
 turn over a leaf. lo" ke no hieh ; turn over 
 
 two more leaves. ci png cheh jieh coi hieh ? 
 How many leaves in this book ? cheh hieh ; 
 the printed page. ci png cheh ii jieh coi hieh 
 sio ? What is the number of pages marked in 
 this volume ? kap ta" hieh ; mispaged in 
 
 binding. kim hieh ; gold-leaf. cheh hieh 
 mai" kauh ; dO not double down the corner of 
 the leaves, hieh mai" chip-jio ; do not rumple 
 the leaves. cek hieh cek hieh ai" khieh bak ; 
 double each sheet exactly in the middle to form 
 the edge of the leaf. sia kui hieh ji ; wrote 
 
 several pages, hieh cie" p6i"; the first page on 
 a leaf. hieh hie" p6i°; the last page on a leaf, 
 cie" poi" hieh ; this side the leaf. hie" poi" 
 
 hieh ; the other side the leaf. do" hieh ; the 
 previous leaf. e hieh ; the next leaf. 
 
 hieh 140 The leaves of plants. 
 
 1081 9 chiu hieh ; leaves of a tree, 
 tek hieh ; bamboo leaves. ki hieh ; branches 
 and leaves, noi" hieh ; lotus leaves, ci" hieh ; 
 
144 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THB SWA TOW DIALECT. 
 
 fresh new leaves, sek hleh ; full grown leaves. 
 6 hieli kh&ng cui cu ; the taio leaves hold wa- 
 tery pearls. loh hu-h ; falling leaves. hwt 
 hieh ; to put forth leaves. lut hJeh ; to shed 
 leaves, ng hieh ; dry leaves, khau chiu hieh; 
 rake up the leaves, kirn ki ggk hieh ; branches 
 of gold and leaves of jade. ngo-thong hleh 
 
 Idh thi°-e cai chiu ; when the catalpa leaves fall, 
 it is autumn throughout the world. 
 
 hien 64 
 196 "8 
 over this leaf 
 
 To raise slightly, 
 ci hieh hien kue \k\ ; tarn 
 hien phfle ; pull the coverlet 
 over one. hien liam ; turn aside the curtain, 
 as in entering a door. V^^S ^'^n khi \ki ; 
 
 raise the board a little. hien ili khui ; cannot 
 lift it. hien khui khut i lii ta; raise it a little 
 that it may dry in the air. 
 
 Mhfen 181 Conspicaous ; manifest ; to 
 199 14 make plain, 
 bien-khdu ; notable. hien-mia"; illustrious. 
 ci ui sin 6i hion ; this god manifests himself. 
 hien-raSng ; clear. hfen-hin ; plain. hfen sin 
 khut ntiug th6i"; take bodily shape so as to 
 become visible to human eyes. c{ ui sin-raeng 
 hien-tSu c&i ; this god is very efficient. hfen- 
 jien ; it is obviously so. hien chut i kfti chi'u- 
 twn; manifested his dexterity, hieu i kai piin- 
 nfa; showed his ability, siu-meng pat lu'en sxa" 
 khut n^ng thoi"; the gods showed their power 
 unto men. hien IC'ng khut i thdi^-ki"; manifest- 
 ed themselves to him. kong-mia' hien-tuk; his 
 worth is widely known. hien-cSi; now at pre- 
 sent, kiii hien kai ufing; distinguished people. 
 Bim si hfen-hek j is very glorious. hien-hien 
 hek-hek ; effulgent. boi hfen ; not apparent. 
 
 >^» hien 170 Dangerous; insecure; in 
 200 13 jeopardy, 
 hien c5i ; perilous. cia sit-c&i hien, 5 ! This 
 
 is indeed hazardous ! 
 
 It 
 
 hien 94 To offer respectfully, as in 
 
 201 16 worship, 
 hong hien ; cin hien ; to offer reverently, hien 
 cle"; to present to a superior. hien t6, hien 
 
 clu ; to offer tea and wine. hien loi-mueh ; to 
 present the customary offerings. hien koi- 
 
 cheh ; to proffer advice. hien sia' kui hang ; 
 surrendered the city and returned to their alle- 
 giance, kai hien miieh-kia"; kneel and proffer 
 something. 
 
 ^^S hien 61 Governmental ; a ruler. 
 
 * iU\ 201 12 hong hien si5n-ch§ ; received 
 
 orders to examine. sl-hien-cu ; the Imperial 
 
 Calendar, hien-th&i ; Your Honors ; (used ia 
 addressing officers of state). tfti hien ; the 
 
 high authorities. kui" hien ; the district 
 
 magistrate. hii hien ; the prefect. tSu liien ; 
 the Intendant of Circuit. tin hien ; the chief 
 of the military department. 
 
 hien 164 An offense ; a grievance ; a 
 205 18 cau.se of quarrel, 
 si i soi" kill hien ; it was he who began th« 
 quarrel. 8i tl-tiang soi" khi hien ? Who gave 
 the first cause of offense ? bo n&ng ka" khi- 
 hien ; no one dare furnish the pretext for a 
 quarrel, cdi" tiang-si Q hien-khiah ; there waa 
 a previous grievance. chim hien ; seek occa- 
 sion for a quarrel. ti-kau Q hien-khiah ; led 
 to a difference. pien hien ; a grievance relat- 
 ing to boundaries. 
 
 hien 149 To decide on judicial cases; 
 
 1091 20 to give sentence; to pro- 
 nounce judgment. hien-kek ; the court ; the 
 assizes. hien-kek ko hI ti kai lii-wn td sim 
 
 iia"? Which deputy-judge is trying the cases 
 in this court p 
 
 '^T^ hien 95 Dun ; obscure. 
 - ^- 231 hIen-mSng-hun; glaubcr salts. 
 sIm si h!en-bIo; it is very abstruse, hieu thien 
 slang ti; the god of the somber heavens, thi" 
 tl hieu hiiang ; the dun heaven, and yellow 
 earth. hieu siam ; a weak sort of ginseng. 
 
 m 
 
 hien 169 An inclosure ; a bar ; to 
 198 4 guard ; to be trained. 
 hien-.slp keng b6; train a cavalry horse, huang- 
 hien kau ciu-bftk ; closely surrounded on all 
 sides. i hien-sip ci kia" su ; he is practised in 
 such matters. 
 
 E£v hien 154 A sage ; learned ; wise ; 
 ^^^ 197 8 superior, 
 hien-jin ; sages. tSi hien-jin ; a g^eat sage, 
 
 ko hien ; soi hien ; ancient sages. si hien ; 
 
 modern sages. hien chin ; learned statesmen, 
 hien kun ; a wise monarch. hieh bp ; your 
 
 good mother. hien ti ; my good brother, 
 
 hien chai ; hien leng; of superior abilities, 
 hien tek ; exalted virtue. sia" hien ; exalted 
 holiness. i ka-ki cu sia°, cu hien ; he is wise 
 and holy in his own estimation. hie" hien ; a 
 village worthy. hien su put ju iah iu ; a 
 
 learned teacher is not so good as a helpful 
 friend. put hien chi, put hau jl, bo huap kho 
 Idng-ti ; there is no rule by which you may 
 govern an unworthy wife or an unfilial child, 
 sai-jip hie°-hien ; elevate to a position among 
 the village worthies. 
 
DlOTIONi.BT OF THE SWATOW DIILECT. 
 
 146 
 
 hien 147 Now, at present. 
 201 ~4 Lien-cS,i; hien-kim ; at once j 
 just now. 
 
 — hiet — 
 
 hiet 142 A scorpion. 
 
 195 U liiet ki'a"; scorpions, chwn 
 hiet ;' whole scorpions, u.sed in medicine. hiet 
 kai biie u chi, oi tang nang ; the tail of the 
 scorpion has a sting in it, that will sting 
 people. hiet tang nang lio 6i pang tak loh 
 
 khu; after a scorpion has inserted his sting 
 he instills venom from it. 
 
 — hih — 
 
 BjZ^ hih 30 To laugh out. 
 3l 181 6 hih-hih-chie; to giggle^ or 
 snicker. i ciu-jit to si hih-hih-chie, bq hwn- 
 1(5 ; she goes laughing about all day, and is 
 not down hearted at all. 
 
 — him — 
 
 him 76 To quicken. 
 
 205 ^ him-ien; to long for. i-th(5i* 
 tieh sim si him-Ien ; he longs for it as soon as 
 he sees it. him-ien i kai raueh-kia°; coveted 
 his things. i bo him-ien ci k&i ; he has no 
 
 great desire for this. 
 
 him 113 To shut off the air; to 
 >J> 400 8 smother, 
 hira huang ; to keep off the wind. him au ; a 
 covered cup. hu pang lai khah him khui ; the 
 room is too close. ci kai leng-sng-kua ku li'o, 
 kham li'o him m mi"; the cover of this steamer 
 is worn out, and it does not shut the contents 
 in closely when it is put on. 
 
 him 86 A bear. 
 ltt> 214 10 no ciah hira ; two bears. ci 
 kai sua" sim-mih him ho" pa piu to u ; in this 
 mountain there are bears, tigers leopards and 
 panthers. him cie"; a bear's paw. him ta°; 
 bear's gall. si n^ng-hira a si kau-him ? Is it 
 the brown bear, or the small white-necked bear? 
 
 ^g 
 
 m 
 
 him 109 To stare at threateningly ; 
 2 8 to look at angrily. i k&i 
 
 him i mih su ? Why does he look so angrily at 
 her ? no n&ng td sie hira ; the two glare at 
 each other. lu m him i, cp cai i him M ? If 
 
 you were not staring at him, how did you 
 know he was staring at you ? 
 
 — hin — 
 
 109 Dizzy ; confused vision. 
 5 6i hin a boi ? Are yon dizzy? 
 very dizzy. thau-khak hin- hin ; 
 
 hin 
 232 
 ne hin-hin ; 
 
 am dizzy. th4a hin, m&k km ; vertigo with 
 loss of sight. ho-h(5 ei-si cu hwt o-am-hin ; 
 
 when he was in his usual health, was suddenly 
 taken with vertigo. 
 
 hin 170 iu-hin ; tt hSn ; a limited 
 202 6 number, or amount; not very 
 good or strong ; restricted to a small quantity 
 or value. ta° chun iu-liin Ho ; have now but 
 few remaining. i thoi" li hd cSi, ua thoi" li 
 lu-hin ; he thought it exceedingly good but I 
 thought it of no great excellence. 
 
 hin 96 Clear ; plain ; to appear ; at 
 
 201 7 present. 
 th6i°-ki" hin-bin ; see it plainly. ne hIn-hIn ; 
 perfectly apparent. thdi" m hin ; do not see 
 
 it clearly. thoi" tieh hin cSi ; see it very 
 
 plainly. cu-cheh in lai m hin ; this book is 
 
 not printed clearly. i kai koi-mong chut 
 
 hin ; his stratagem is divulged. hin chut i 
 
 kai ngwn-heng; showed his real feelings, hin- 
 cS,i ; at present. hin-cSi sim-mih si-hau ? 
 
 What time is it now ? hin-kim m tang; now- 
 a-days it is diffei'ent. hin-khek chue bo ; 
 
 it cannot now be found. hin-.si I'o kui ; at 
 
 present it is dearer. hin ngun kio i bdi ; 
 
 bought it from hira paying cash down. ai° 
 
 boi hin ci", m chia ; will sell it for ready 
 money, but not on credit. hin cia" k&i 
 
 mueh ; ready made articles. hin-hin cia°- 
 
 cia" kai sio-bak, tbo m khi ; the current account 
 already on hand cannot be collected. ngan 
 
 c6i° hin pp ; his retribution appears. hien- 
 
 hln chut lai ; became visible. m hin ; in- 
 
 distinct ; illegible. 
 
 — hio — 
 
 ^=4. hio 75 Unscrupulous ; wicked. 
 ^yf ' ^ 192 7 hio-hiong; nnscrupulous. 
 ci kai nang hio-hiong cSi ; this is a very lawless 
 fellow. ci cSk khi chak eng-kai-tieh hio si'a 
 si ceng ; these bandits should have their heads 
 exposed in cages as a warning to others. 
 
 hio 187 Brave ; hei'oic, valorous. 
 JtC 191 12 ci kiii kai bu kua° si hio- 
 long cSi ; these military officers are very cour- 
 ageous, hio-iong kai ciang ; a brave leader. 
 
 >K^ 455* ^^°"^^°& Lucky ; beyond one's 
 I"! I WV 368 deserts or expectations ; 
 prosperous. cia sng si hio-heng cSi ; this is 
 
 indeed a stroke of luck. su tieh c6 tin-tang, 
 rod sie" hio-heng ; one must do things in a safe 
 way, and not depend on having a stroke of 
 luck. i cie°-se° sng si td thu. hio-heng ; he is 
 then depending on a stroke of luck. 
 
146 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 hio 85 Perfidious. 
 [^ni 368 12 i kai nang liio cSi ; he ia 
 thoroughly bad. hio-li, khek-poh ; infamous, 
 hii-kp k&i hong-sok to si hio-li khek-poh ; the 
 customs of that place are infamous. 
 
 hio 72 To comprehend ; to under- 
 
 1S3 12 stand; dawn. 
 ]•& hfo a m hio ? Do you comprehend ? i c6 su 
 bo hun b6 hio; he acts without discretion. iIi 
 cai hun hio; does not know how to discrimi- 
 nate, i mill fiu to u hun u hio ; in all sorts of 
 business, he exercises judgment. bue hio i 
 
 kai j-su ; do not yet comprehend his meaning. 
 i hio tit cie''-se''; he understands that sort of 
 thing. hio thien-bun k&i nuug ; astrologers, 
 hfo kliu thang ; hio khu tliiiu ; understands 
 thoroughly, chut ko-si hio-ju peh-se°; issue a 
 proclamation to inform the people. i slang 
 
 hfo ; he is best informed on the subject. lu 
 
 mih 8U to hio ; you understand all about it. i 
 kia''-kia° hfo, b6 kia° ceng; he understands every 
 trade, and is expert at none. koi po hio ; the 
 cock announces the dawn, hio kia", me" hiah ; 
 start at dawn and stop at dark. 
 
 — hioh" — 
 
 hioh" 64 To flirt; to cast off by a 
 785 11 short jerk ; to fling off by a 
 shake. h'Ci ko si i t<5 hioh" sa°-ng; he it is 
 
 that flirts his sleeves there ; he is the biggest 
 man there. hln-khek si td hioh" sa°-ng kfti 
 
 n&ng ; he is now putting on airs of authority, 
 to be teng khut i hioh" loh lai, cSu-hiie b6i 
 pufth tieh ; was thrown off by the horse's 
 shaking himself, but happily did not fall flat, 
 khut be hioh" puah loh khu ; got a fall from 
 the horse through his shying. V^'^9. hioh" 
 
 cie" koi"-thau ; flung the bag over his shoulder, 
 hiu" hioh" to koi"-th&u teng; had his wadded 
 tunic flung over his shoulder. 
 
 — biong — 
 
 1^^ biong 10 Malevolent ; desperate ; 
 yU 213 T cruel. 
 
 khiaug-hiong pS,u-ak kai nang ; a fierce and 
 cruel person, co su sim si hiong-hue"; acts in 
 a most brutal way. cia si kia" hiong ; em- 
 
 ployed his power to act savagely. liah hiong 
 chiu ; seize the murderer. boi hiong chiu ; 
 
 purchase a substitute to receive the punish- 
 ment due a murderer. pang-hiong; an 
 accomplice in murder. cia" hiong ; the chief 
 actor in a murder, min-heng sim si hiong-ak; 
 he has a most malignant expression. hiong- 
 hun ; desperate. 
 
 iNtl hiong 17 
 1^ 213^ 2- 
 
 Unlucky ; unfortunate ; 
 
 lugubrious. 
 
 kit hiong; lucky or unlucky. bQe cai kit 
 
 hiong co-iii ; do not yet know whether it is 
 lucky or unlucky. hiong che" siu ; a baleful 
 star, hiong sie-sit ; bad news, m cai si hiong 
 a si kit; do not know whether it portends evil 
 or good. vi kai khue png-png si tSi hiong : 
 
 tiiiig kI hii khue toi oi hdng hiong hiie kit; the 
 outcome of this divination should properly b© 
 unfortunate : however, there is that in the 
 deeper meanings of the divination which may 
 change the ill-fortune into good. chng chek 
 si ho hfiang hiong ni ; the garnered grain is a 
 provision against years of dearth. 
 
 hiong 172 Masculine ; martial; heroic. 
 214 4 hiong-ckng ; burly, cf k&i 
 nang thdi" tteh Q hiong s\ ; this person appears 
 very muscular. se" l&i hiong-hiong cang- 
 
 ckng ; naturally very robust. lai kio i kwt 
 
 k&i cl)^ hiong ; come and test your strength 
 against his. hiong-ng; hartall. hiong ceng; 
 the purest part of hartall. ta° ue u chii Q 
 
 biong; speak with modulations. i kai co su 
 bd chii b6 hiong; he does not modulate hia 
 strength. i kai kok ii peh bwn hiong pia"; 
 
 their kingdom has a million brave soldiers, 
 sin cio b5i hiong ; a newly caught bird will not 
 fight. 6ng liah jieh kii cia" 6i hiong ? How 
 
 long must it be trained before it will fight ? cf 
 ciah cio hiong c&i ; this bird is a great fighter, 
 khut i tien hiong ; give him time to get up his 
 courage. 
 
 — hit — 
 
 PH hit 78 To swing or dangle. 
 IJ^ 282 2 hit kha; to swing the feet, 
 ki biie pwt-pwt hit ; his tail keeps wagging, 
 chiu hit-a-hit; the hands swinging carelessly, 
 mai" bit ka-lauh khu; do not drop it from 
 your hands as you swing them. kia" 16 chiu 
 mai" hit khah khui ; in walking do not swing 
 your hands too much. 
 
 M 
 
 — hiu" — 
 
 bin" 62 Obscure; retired; hidden 
 ( — w 1109 6 from view. 
 hiu°-meng si am-thau ; hades is the region of 
 darkness. cek koi" siu-sip khu sim si hiu" 
 
 ngi'a; the place is most tastefully adorned, 
 hiu" 6i"; retired leisure. hiu" meng put giia 
 cek li; the land of the dead, and the land 
 of the living are no great distance apart, 
 ci kai ti-hng sim si hiu".ce"; this is a very 
 retired spot. 
 
DICTIONARY OP THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 147 
 
 Jt-]^ hiu" 9 Quit ; cease ; repudiate. 
 I'^ 210 4 m khfcng kang-hia°; would 
 not quit. m kang-hiu"; unceasing. bwn su 
 to biu" li'o ; all affairs have come to a stand 
 still, hiu" chi ; a divorced wife. hiu° cu; bill 
 of separation. i ce ta" cu ta" m hiu"; if ho 
 
 once begins to talk he will never cease talking, 
 lu hiu" thi-khi ci kia" sii ; don't jou mention 
 tiiis matter. hiu" sie"; repudiate the thought. 
 tu si huang hiu°; nothing but death shall cause 
 me to desist. 
 
 Atkt biu" 61 Reiterated. 
 
 iV*^ 1110 7 cia sng si hiu"-hiu° huam- 
 
 huam kai ue ; this is mere twaddle. 
 
 "jjfTf hiu° 75 Rotten ; decayed; putrescent. 
 ^V 211 2" hiu" bak iTi-hp tio ; decayed 
 wood is not good for carvings. bwn ni put 
 
 hxu"; it will last forever. ce ku cu hu-hiu" 
 
 khu ; after a long time it will decompose, 
 kliieh chut lai, ne hu-hu hiu"-hiu"; when it was 
 taken out, it was all rotten. ci ko nek mien 
 kiii jit cu hu-hiu" khu ; this piece of meat will 
 become putrid before many days. 
 
 hiu" 60 Again ; to recur. 
 
 151 T ko chiu hiu" se" siin ; the 
 withered tree again sprouts, hiu" lai ; return- 
 ed ; repeated. 
 
 hiu" 145 A wadded jacket ; winter 
 
 416 7 tunics. 
 phiie hiu"; a fur coat. koih hiu"; a double 
 
 gown. tng hiu"; a long wadded tunic. hiu" 
 thau ; a short winter jacket. hang hiu"; a 
 
 quilted tunic. mi" hiu"; a tunic stuffed with 
 cotton. 
 
 — hiuh — 
 
 hiuh 64 To brush ; to flap ; to wave 
 
 1-54 5 to and fro. 
 hiuh-tio tin-ai; brush down the cobwebs, mai" 
 theng hiuh tieh nang ; do not hit people by 
 careless brushing. hiuh lio, phong-phong 
 
 eng ; after dusting the dust flies everywhere, 
 khieh ki toa ki kai lai hiuh cia" ii bl ; take a 
 large one to dust with and then it will be of 
 some use. 
 
 4^ hiuh 64 To flog ; to thrash. 
 ^5/V 73 6 cang tek-pi-kia" hiuh-hiuh- 
 kae, li-kwn hiuh; took a bamboo whip, and laid 
 it on him so that you could hear the blows in- 
 cessantly, hiuh kau i cek sin ceng-ceng 
 kheng; thrashed him till his body was covered 
 ■with wales. 
 
 — hm — 
 tjij^ hm 80 To pant. 
 
 •^J^ 221 5 khiii hm-hiri chwn ; breathes 
 short and quick. hek kau h(7i-hi7i-kie ; so 
 
 tired as to pant. thia"-ki° kau hin-hin-chwa ; 
 heard the dog panting. 
 
 — hng — 
 
 ' lT hng 70 Wliat pertains to a location ; 
 yj 132 a region ; a prescription, 
 sx hng ; the four points of compass. ngS hng ; 
 the four quarters and the centre. ugo hng 
 
 kai ki kak sek m tang ; the flags of all the 
 nations are of different colors. ai" eng sim- 
 
 mih hng iii ? What do you desire its bearings 
 to be ? cia chii si sira-mih hng-hie"? What 
 
 are the bearings of this house ? khu kie tl- 
 
 hng lai ; go and call the local officers. gQa 
 
 hng nang ; foreigners. b6 ti'hng ho hiah 
 
 kha; there was no place to rest one's foot. fi 
 sim-mih ti-hng ho pang a bo. Is there any 
 
 place to put it or not ? Ii kai ti-hng hd ? 
 
 Which spot is the best ? liu-ko m cai kie-cp 
 sim-mih ti-hng ; do not know what that place 
 is called, khui ieh hng ; write a prescription, 
 ii sim-mih liang hng ? What is the best 
 remedy ? lia u cek tie" siang h(5 kai hng hd 
 ui ka-sau pe"; I have one of the best remedies 
 for curing a cough. ho hng nang si ? Where 
 is the man from ? 
 
 rtt=» hng 30 Frightened ; an interjection 
 " 4 169 7 of pain or displeasure, 
 gua khau ko eai hng-hak no ciang ; the two 
 guardians of temple doors were set up outside, 
 hng-hng-kie; groaning and moaning. i hng- 
 hng-chang, hng mih su? What is it that he is 
 groaning and grunting about ? ham a-n6° 
 
 mai" to hng; tell the baby not to fret. 
 
 -m **^ hng 140 Dearth ; empty ; neglected. 
 j\V^ 250 6 chang-hiig phau-hng ; fields 
 overgrown with brushwood, ki-hng ; famine, 
 ki-hng si-coih; a sea-^on of dearth, toa ki-hng ; 
 a time of great scarcity. i hu chu lai kai 
 
 much hng la bo heh ; the things were all lying 
 about the house, loose and neglected. mixeh 
 mai" hng-hng la-ia ; do not leave the things 
 lying around loose. 
 
 -pfc hng 32 An alley; a grocery; a neigh- 
 ryj 133 4 bourhood. 
 cu hng; a book-stall. ciu hng; a wine-shop, 
 mong hng mong Ii ; a certain street in a cer- 
 tain village. hii sia" 13,1 pun cp chit hng: 
 nin tiu to ti cek hng ? The Departmental City 
 is divided into seven quarters : in which of 
 them do you reside ? 
 
148 
 
 DICTIONABT OF THB 8WAT0W DIALKCT. 
 
 hng 31 A garden; un watered ground. 
 !ij 1133 10 i hak u jieh coi cbang-hng? 
 How much arable land does he own ? u ch4ng 
 u hng ; has both watered and unwatered fields, 
 khf cek kai hue hng ; made a flower garden, 
 hi hng ; a play ground, hng kang ; gardening, 
 coh chang-hng k&i nftng ; a farmer, chai hng; 
 a vegetable garden. kiie-ci hng ; an orchard. 
 ka° hng; au orange gfove. ci'e'' hng kai nslng; 
 a gardener. chut hue hng ; pass out of child- 
 hood, hng li ; the hedge around a garden, 
 cau jip cia-hng IS! khii tiain ; ran and hid in 
 the cane field. hun-kuah hng kau ; the fur- 
 rows in a potato patch. ciii ce khi <^ng kio 
 hun-kuah hng cek ie", cek noi cek n6i ; the 
 waves rise like the hills in a potato field. 
 
 P^ hng 170 A dry fosse under a city 
 3E ^ 251 9 wall ; a moat. 
 Bia"-hng; the city moat, fi sia" cu fi sla" hng ; 
 if there is a city, it has a moat. 6la"-hng bie ; 
 the temple where the god of the city resides. 
 
 hng 162 Far; distant; remote. 
 
 1137 ^ 10 16 liHg ; it is a long way 
 off. kia" hng lo ; walk a long way. khah 
 hng, b6i tit kau ; it is too far for us to go. 
 kau hu-ko jieh hng? How far is it to that 
 place ? ^ jit-ci hng ; the time is far distant, 
 ci'-kp 10 hng ; this is farther away. bSi hng ; 
 it is not far. cuah hiig ; it lacks a great deal, 
 siang li m hng ; they are not far apart. li lu 
 hng, ai" kau lio| it is not far off, we are almost 
 there. ^ mo" kau hng-hng kp ; gaze far away, 
 keh hng; far separated. hiig cliJo, m ju kfln 
 phuh ; a powerful helper far off is not so good 
 as a weak one near by. khia jieh hng ? How 
 far did you go ? than kia" than phueh ue, m 
 cai hng; talking as you go, makes the road 
 seem sliort. li hph ling; are rather far apart, 
 tieh li hng; must keep far away from it. i kai 
 chu hng a lu kai chii hug? Which is farthest 
 off, liis house or yours ? Img kiiu m tang ; 
 
 the distance makes all the difference. 
 
 /jrfX hng 86 An interjection denoting 
 J^v> 285 S' doubtful assent, 
 hng, lia lai khu ; well, I will go. hug, m cai 
 ti me ; well, I do not know whether there are 
 any to be had. 
 
 — hngk — 
 
 tV^ hngk 30 To send the breath through 
 •J 221 fi the nose. 
 
 hngk phi"; to blow the nose, phi" khang huang 
 hngk chut hngk jip ; to exhale and inhale the 
 air. plii" khang hngk khu cek kai m thong; 
 I cannot breath through one of my nostrils. 
 
 - — hb — 
 
 ho 63 To bale out water by working 
 225 4 a bucket in strings, 
 cf chph cui ham nung lai ho ta°; call some one 
 to bale out all this water. ho-tau ; a bucket 
 
 for baling. i ho kku i cSk sin ciii ; he baled 
 till he was wot all over. 
 
 ho 9 The second of the five orders 
 174 7 of nobility; a marquis. 
 
 hong hd ; to raise to the rank of marquis. ca 
 
 ho; a feudal prince. 
 
 _ hd 190 Full-bearded. 
 
 1^ 223 9 hd chiu ; a full beard. cAp 
 ho kau put jiu ; of ten bearded men, nine are 
 uncharitable. chiu li ho-hd ; his beard is 
 
 very bushy. 
 
 h6-ld A flagon shaped orna- 
 222 ment, commonly seen on 
 the apex of pagodas. 
 
 ho-lo pu ; the bottle gourd. i-Ie" Qe hd-l6 ; 
 
 imitate the gourd in its shape and marks. ra 
 cai i h6-l6 toi boi pitu-mih ioh ; do not know 
 what medicine he sells out of his gourd ; do not 
 know wliat he is around here for. cha ho-lo ; 
 wooden floats, tied on boat children to keep 
 them afloat in the water. 
 
 mm 
 
 h6-liu Fresh water eels. 
 1001 ho-liu ai° pu a hi' 
 Do you want the eels boiled or fried ? 
 
 cha? 
 
 ho-lai A fox. 
 223 ho-lai cia"; the fox brownie, 
 or vampire fairy. ho-lai phue ; a fox's pelt, 
 
 ho-hli phue hiu"; a tunic of fox fur. i chin- 
 
 chie" ho-lai cia", mia°-ke mi" n&ng ; he is as 
 e.xpert as the fox elfin in bewitching people, 
 ho-lai ngio; a weasel. 
 
 ho-sln A house-fly. 
 
 _ 1107 kim ho-sin ; a horse-fly; 
 
 a glossy fly. ho-sin hng-hng-kie ; flies buzz, 
 mai" khut h6-sin td cng ; do not let the flies got 
 at it. h6-sln-h6"; a small spider that weaves 
 no web and pounces upon flies. 
 
 ho-khi A leech ; a bloodsucker. 
 j_;f^ ^""^ 572 cek tio ho-khi tab to i 
 kha teng cuh hueh ; a leech fastened upon 
 his leg and was sucking the blood. h6-khi 
 
 tab ; an iron staple. cim ciii h6-khl ; a leech 
 in the water ; a noxious person in quiescense. 
 h6-khi ho eng cp phua hueh ieh ; leeches are 
 used in medicine to make stagnant blood cir- 
 culate, ho-khi bueh ; elastic stockings. 
 
DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 149 
 
 hS 173 Rain ; a shower. 
 1124 "0~ loh ho ; ho loh ; it rains, 
 toa lio ; a heavy rain, ho toa; it rains lieavily. 
 ho soi ; the rain lessens. ho mui^-kia" ; a 
 
 drizzling mist. ho eng ; it sprinkles, ho toa 
 tfam lai lio ; it rains in large drops. mai" 
 
 khut ho phuah tieh ; do not get splashed by 
 the rain. khut ho ak kau lok-lok ; drenched 
 by the rain. ho cang kau cek sin ; the rain 
 
 poured all over me. ho chiu phim tieh ; 
 
 spattered by the rebounding drops. khiu ho ; 
 pray for rain, phu hun ho ; a sudden shower, 
 toa huang ho ; a rain-storm. cV' cieh ju ho ; a 
 shower of stones and arrows. cheng ci ju ho 
 liap ; shot fell like rain, ho-siia"; ho-cia ; 
 
 "umbrellas, ho i ; rain-cloaks. sa" ni bo ho ; 
 there was no rain for three years. kii ho ; a 
 long rain, ho Itii ; it is going to rain, ho ce° 
 lio ; the rain has ceased ; it is clearing, ho loh 
 ni hiah ; it rains incessantly. loh ho hiah lia 
 cii ai" khu; if it stops raining I shall go. tlii"- 
 b1 ua° cai : ku-a kai gueh bo ho ; the weather 
 is very droughty : for many months there has 
 been no rain. h5 loh ho tih ; it is raining, 
 
 loh ho raui" sph ; cold fine rain. lu chut jit iu 
 loh ho ; jit kio ho sie phah ; it rains and the 
 Bun shines. 
 
 1^ ho 63 A door ; a household. 
 J 225 ^ oi ke mng-ho che ; stop at all 
 
 the dooi's in succession and examine, (as in 
 taking a census). sim-mih ho-thsla kai ? Of 
 what family and locality is he ? pho-ho ; shop- 
 men, cun-ho ; dwellers in boats. ii jieh coi 
 ho-khau ? What is the population ? miig-ho 
 tieh thoi^-siu ho ; keep careful watch at the 
 door. ho p6 ; the Board of Population, 
 
 ho pS'Ug ; the revenue de})artment in a pre- 
 fect's yamun. siang ho ; the wealthiest 
 families. 
 
 t— * ho 30 A princess. 
 /p4 174 3 uang-ho ; a queen, huang-ho ; 
 the empress. huang thai ho ; the empress 
 
 dowager. thai huang thai ho ; the emperor's 
 grandmother. huang thi" ho th6 ; imperial 
 
 heaven and earth. thien ho Bia" bp ; the god- 
 dess, " Queen of Heaven." 
 
 — h6" — 
 
 >f> ho" 80 Not ; not so. 
 
 Pl 141 4 si ho" ho sia ji khut Ua cai ; 
 whether affirmative or negative, write and let 
 me know. si h6° cp-ni ? What is the affirma- 
 tive and what the negative side of the qnes- 
 tion? 
 
 g h6°-phek Amber, said by the 
 j}\j, 224 Chinese to be trans- 
 
 formed t'lom resin. 
 
 ai" jIn h6"-phek vl sim-mih huang-hnap ? What 
 is the way of telling whether a substance is 
 amber ? h6°-phek oi sip kai ; amber will collect 
 electricity. cia" h6"-phek chiu jiet oi kit 
 
 teng-sim chau ; real amber when heated by 
 friction will attract lamp-wicks or straws, 
 hueh pliek ; red amber. 
 
 V^Cl ho" 141 A tiger ; fierce ; awful. 
 JJu. 224 'i' lau-ho"; nio"-h6"; a tiger, 
 ho" ko ; a male tiger, ho" bd ; a tigeress. kui 
 ciah ho"; several tigers. me" ho"; a fierce 
 
 tiger. ho" ciang ; a dauntless leader. ho" 
 h§ng ; a ferocious aspect. ho" ui ; warlike ; 
 
 dreadful. peh ho"; the white tiger. p6h ho" 
 ka lu ! May the white tiger devour you ! ciia 
 nio"-h6"; a paper tiger, a braggart. leng h6" 
 to ; a furious fight between two. khia hd" 
 
 lang Ilia ; he who rides a tiger finds it hard to 
 dismount. nio"-h6" thiam .sit ; add wings to a 
 tiger ; give additional power to the malevolent, 
 pue ho" tui ; a company of flying tigers; ti'oopa 
 liaving the flying tiger on their flag. phah 
 
 ho" chin hia"-ti; if you are going to attack a 
 tiger you must have own brothers to help, 
 khu nio"-h6° chiii kp khut nek ; go to a tiger to 
 beg a piece of meat. nang si lau mia", ho" si 
 lau phue ; when a man dies he leaves his name 
 behind him, when a tiger dies he leaves his 
 pelt. cu si cek ciah ho"! He is a tiger ! liu 
 ho" ham; dig a pitfall for catching tigers, ho" 
 tau ; a tiger's lair. t7) jip ho" tau kp, c?ii tit 
 
 liah tieh h6"-kia"? If you do not enter the 
 tiger's den, how can you seize the cubs ? tii- 
 tii phah tieh ho" phi"; hit the tiger exactly on 
 his nose ; struck the vulnerable part. leng 
 
 kia" ho" po ; a majestic bearing, ho" bue thai 
 cu ; a pearl hangs at the end of the tiger's tail. 
 tie" ho*" nRu"; tie" nfiu" c\" lai sia ho"; set a trap 
 for shooting tigers. ngau h6"-kut ka ; make 
 glue from tigers' bones. ho" phiie jok ; rugs 
 made from tigei's' skins, ho" ge ; tigers' teeth, 
 ho" jio ; tigers' claws. ho" hi" chau ; the 
 
 strawberry geranium. h6"-thau pai ; a tablet 
 with a tiger's head drawn upon it. ho-sin h6"; 
 a small spider that pounces on flies. nio"-h6" 
 nge-se°; of an awfully stern temper. nio"-h6" 
 pi tu; a tiger carrying a pig on its back, chut 
 jip me" ho" siang sui ; tigers submissively 
 follow him about. hang leng, hok ho"; bring 
 dragons and tigers back to their allegiance, 
 ho" kim-kara; a weapon for killing tigers, ho" 
 cie" che ; the tiger is at bay. nio" ho" m cie" 
 che bp l^ng-ui phah i ; if the tiger does not 
 
150 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 rear at the pifcch-fork you cannot shoot him. 
 thia"-k"i° ho" hin-hrri-kie; heard the tipfer growl, 
 ing. h6" phau-hau ; tigers roar. hf5" aa°.au"- 
 kie ; tigers snarl. keh jit th6i"-k\° ho" kha- 
 
 ciah jieh toa kai ; the other day I saw the 
 tracks of a very large tiger. si ho" c6 Aah 
 
 ho" phah ; treat a dead tiger as if he were 
 alive. ho" loh pe"-ie" pi kau klii ; w^hen a 
 
 tiger comes down into the arable land, he may 
 be harried by a dog. 
 
 — hoi — 
 
 B/^ hoi 109 The eyelids drawn together. 
 —j^ 15G 7 roak hoi-hoi ; squint-eyed, 
 mak hoi-hoi, kap-p6 th6i"-co Ijiu ciii-koi ; so 
 squint eyed that he would mistake a toad for 
 an edible frog. 
 
 hSi 142 A crab. 
 
 187 18 h5i ke"; crab soup. hSi 
 
 kha ; crab's claws. hoi khak ; a crab's shell. 
 
 h6i-i"; a crab's belly. hoi ko ; the yellow 
 
 juices of a crab, peh hSi nek ; the white meat 
 of a crab. 15 kiatu hoi ; to pickle crabs. h6i 
 mS.k ciii ; the bubbles on boiling water. h6i 
 nih tieli i ; the ci*ab pinched him. hoi hfte' 
 
 kla"; crabs walk sidewi.se. poi" kiie h6"-h5i ; 
 more spotted than the spotted crab. thim 
 
 chiah hoi ; to keep large brown crabs in wat^r. 
 kong-phua hong hoi kai ; he is one whose 
 parents offered crab^ to the god of the bed- 
 stead ; his hands and feet are always in mis- 
 chief, khi-hu i bo kha hoi ; impose upon him 
 as one can upon a clawless crab. 
 
 — h6i" — 
 
 hoi" 142 A small smooth bivalve ; a 
 
 200 7 mussel, 
 hoi" nek ; the flesh of a mussel. hoi" khak ; 
 
 mussel shells. kiam hoi"; salt mussels. l&m 
 kiam h6i"; dash water on salt mussels to freshen 
 them. 
 
 hoi" 64 To close by swinging. 
 
 1088 8 rang hS,m a-hoi"; sot the door 
 ajar. hoi" mng; swing the door to. ning 
 mai" hoi" tah ; do not close the door with a bang, 
 hoi" cek phi" cu ho ; to close one fold of the 
 double door is enough. h6i" chun cSk cue 
 
 phang ; shut it so as to leave a crack. 
 
 hoi" 140 Edible sorts of coarse greens ; 
 
 202 7 spinach. 
 hoi"-chai ; spinach, ang hoi"-chai ; pig-weed, 
 be-khi hoi"; purslane. chi hoi"; prickly spin- 
 ach, thng choh hoi"-chai lai ciah ; boil some 
 spinach to eat. 
 
 — hoih — • 
 
 hoih 94 Narrow ; contracted ; petty. 
 
 186 7 i kai to hoih-hoih ; he is 
 very narrow minded. tang td tieh co toa c6 
 mai" CO khah hoih ; make the middle of it 
 rather capacious, do not make it too contracted. 
 
 h6ih 9 To espy ; to reconnoiter. 
 837 5 khut i h6ih tieh ; espied by 
 him. i no n&ng td t^-hoih ; the two are 
 
 acting a.s spies. i kiii n&ng lai t(5 hoih, Id 
 
 tieh cai-hdang i; tliey have come to recon- 
 noitre and you must beware of them. mai' 
 khut i h6ih-ki"; do not let her get a peep at it 
 when she is speering around. 
 
 — hok — 
 
 "ll^pt hok 118 Happiness ; good fortune ; 
 /pPq 150 9 felicity which attends divine 
 protection. hok im ; glad tidings. hok ira 
 tn^ ; a church or chapel. ii hok-khi ; to be 
 
 blessed. hok toa c&i ; very great felicity, ci 
 kai Q hok, hd k&i bd hok ; this one is huppy 
 and that one is not. kuu-lai mng nap hok ? 
 Have you been quite well lately ? hok tl ; a 
 favored spot, hok ciang ; a lucky commander, 
 hiang hok ; to enjoy happiness. hok bun 
 
 toa ; highly favored, hwt ch&i hwt hok ; grow 
 rich and prosperous, cek 16 hok che"; may a 
 happy star light your way. ngo hok ; the five 
 blessings, long life, riches, soundness of body 
 and mind, love of virtue, and a peaceful end. 
 u Uang cu u hok; to have right principles is 
 to have good fortune. p6h hok kai nSng ; 
 
 one who has little prosperity. hok cek cSi; 
 greatly blessed. i to hok no ; he is highly 
 
 prospered, hok 16k slu chwn; fortune, honors, 
 and longevity, all bestowed. 
 
 hok 146 To subvert ; ruined. 
 
 151 12 hwn hok ; hwn-hwn hok- 
 hok ; ruined. thien hwn ti hok ; the orer- 
 
 throw of heaven and earth. 
 
 hok 142 A bat. 
 
 150 9 ue ngd hok; to paint or 
 draw five bats in various positions. 
 
 145 Double. 
 
 9 tetig-hok ; repeated ; dupli- 
 ' ue t§ng-hok ; to reiterate. 
 
 60 Again ; to do a second time ; 
 
 9 to repeat. 
 
 hwn-hwn hok-hok ; repeatedly, 
 hok sin ; the reply to a letter. hok meng ; to 
 report upon, as a commission. lu ai" co-ni 
 
 hue-hok i ? What reply are yon going to make 
 to him ? hok tong-heng ; to revive and 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 161 
 
 prospei'. h6k chia ; to pay ofE a grudge, 
 
 hok-tng iigwn ie°; revert to the original species. 
 h6k uaii ; to return to life, khiok-hok sla".ti ; 
 to recover the city. kau cu si cu hok I"; at 
 midnight it will again be full-orbed. h6k i 
 kai loi ; reciprocate his courtesy. cang sim- 
 mueh lai hok i kai nang-cheng ? In what way 
 shall we reciprocate his kindness ? che hok ; 
 examine and report on. pfn hok ; reply that 
 an order is performed. 
 
 hok 145 A square cloth. 
 
 162 ~6~ pau-hok ; pau-ko ; a bundle 
 wrapped in a square cloth. pau-hok phue ; 
 
 pau-k(5 phue ; a strong square cloth for wrap- 
 ping bedding or clothes. 
 
 "TJC hok 140 A fungus-like substance found 
 
 %7\ 152 6 on the roots of fir trees, 
 hok-leng ; the medicine known as China root, 
 hok-leng kp ; a kind of cake made of China 
 root. tho h6k-leng ; tho-hok ; the root of the 
 Smilax chinensis. peh hok ; chiah hok ; white 
 and flesh colored fungus. 
 
 hok 32 A frontier, a border, a region; 
 
 1141 8 a far-off territory; lands; 
 states. 
 
 ua pat thoi"-ki" sai-hok bun-klen-lok ; I have 
 seen a book of travels in the outlying western 
 regions. coh hok ; boi'der states. i hok ; 
 
 strajige lands. nan kai kiii kok kiang-hok 
 
 u jieh khuah ? How extensive are the bound- 
 aries of your noble country ? 
 
 ^-j^ hok 9 To conceal ; to lie perdue ; to 
 
 |/V 152 4 prostrate one's self, 
 hok pia"; troops in ambush. hok pia" khf lai 
 coih-tng i kai lo ; the ambushed soldiers rose 
 up and cut off his retreat, mai" hok pia" be to 
 chia-lim lai; do not conceal the mounted troops 
 in the thicket. hok ti chia" cue ; bow down 
 
 and ask for punishment, hu-ko hok u nang-be 
 to ko; there are people lying there in ambush, 
 sa" hok jit ; three decades in summer, when 
 people hold themselves in retirement; dog-days. 
 
 hok 62 Perchance ; perhaps ; if. 
 
 259 4 ua hok-cia ai° lai ; I may 
 perhaps come. hok si lu ai° lai li ca ce ; if 
 
 you come, come early. lu ak-hok m lai li 
 
 soi kio lia ta"; if you are not coming, tell me 
 beforehand. hok u nfing mng lu, lu tieh cie"- 
 Be in ; if anyone should ask you, you must 
 thus answer, ci Ie° hok a-si bo li boi co hu ie°; 
 if there should be none of this sort, then buy 
 that sort instead. h6k si u hok si bo li kio 
 
 ua ta° tia"-t$eh ; should there be any, or should 
 there not be any, in any case tell me definitely. 
 
 '^yh hok 61 To delude, to lead astray ; to 
 JU^\ 259 8" inveigle. 
 
 sim lai gi-hok ; suspicious, mai" sdi n&ng gl- 
 hok ; do not make people distrust. i si koi 
 
 mr-hok kai nang ; he is easily gulled, sla ka 
 to si bu si hok niin kai tie ; evil teaching.s are 
 what unsettle and delude the people. cang 
 cia kai lai mi^-hok nang sira ; made use of this 
 to lead people's minds astray. cp tJla h6k 
 
 ceng ; false doctrines mislead all. ia-hok ; to 
 beguile. mai" khut i ia-hok khu ; do not be 
 deluded by him. 
 
 h6k 74 Garments ; apparel ; to take 
 152 4 medicine; a dose; to wait 
 on; to serve; habituated, 
 i-hok ; clothing, hok-sek ; apparel. ha h6k ; 
 mourning garments. bp hok; destitute of 
 
 clothing. cie" chio cu cheng chio-hok ; when 
 one goes to court he wears a court dress. 6i° 
 si khu ke li cheng pien hok ; when one goes 
 home in intervals of labor, he may wear his 
 working dress. kong hok ; one's best clothes. 
 sa° ni hok ; garments worn during the three 
 years of mourning for a parent. hok ieh b6 
 
 hau; there is no merit made in taking medicine, 
 eng ciah kui hok ieh cia" ho ; after a few 
 doses of medicine you will be well. cek 
 
 hok ieh cu chwu-ju ; got well after one dose 
 of medicine. su-hok; to wait on ; to yield 
 
 submission. hok-.su ; to serve. sie sim hok- 
 su ; carefully attend upon, m hok cui tho; not 
 acclimated ; not accustomed to the place. m 
 hok ka-hun ; intractable. lii kheng hang-hok 
 i ; would not submit to him. cie"-.si kai nang 
 bo mih su-hok ; the people of the present time 
 are not docile. siu-cie" m su-hok ; his disease 
 does not yield to treatment. ci chph ieh ciah 
 loll khu su-hok c5i ; after taking this medicine 
 the desired effect followed, i m hok i iSu ; he 
 is not willing to be regarded as old ; docs not 
 succumb to his years. 
 
 h6k 140 cieh-hok ; an orchid, used as 
 233 11 a tonic medicine. It grows 
 on the rocks in southern China. kim-thoi 
 
 cieh-hok ; a species of orchid which turns yel- 
 low when dried. 
 
 P 
 
 163 
 18 
 
 - hong — 
 
 A district on the Yang- 
 tsze River where the fire- 
 
 hong 
 
 M\^ 157 
 
 wells are. 
 
 hong-to ; hong-to ti-gek ; Tophet. si au phah 
 Iph hong-to; sent after death to Tophet. hong- 
 to tS.i-ti ; the great ruler of Hades. 
 
162 
 
 DICTIONABT OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 I|l-|* honq 41 To appoint to office ; confer 
 ^^i 157 6 rank. 
 
 u kai hong ho, fi kai hong pek ; some were 
 raised to the rank of marquis, and some to the 
 rank of earl. kau hong it phiii hu-jin ; in- 
 
 vested with tlie liighept rank bestowed upon 
 women, hong sin ; to deify, as is done by the 
 Emperor, hong kua°; appoint to office, hong 
 ciak ; grant a title of nobility. hong kiang 
 tS,i-chin ; the high provincial officers. chfa" 
 hong; chfa" kdu hong; ask a title for one's 
 parents or relatives. t" hong; ask to have a 
 patent of nobility bestowed on another because 
 of one's own merits. thek hong ; promotion 
 
 on account of merit. thek hong ])&i ; an 
 
 honorary tablet conferred by the Emperor, 
 gek hong ; conferred by the gods. 
 
 hong 46 A summit, an apex, a peak. 
 15») 7 sua" hong; a mountain peak, 
 peh-khf kui^-kui" kai sua''-hong t6ng; climbed 
 to the top of a very high mountain. mua"- 
 
 ti-ko kai hong Ivvn ngi'a cSi ; the peaks and 
 ridges all around are very beautiful, ko hong 
 tok song ; a solitary lofty height. 
 
 JST liong 182 Manner; style; reputation; 
 /-»^V 155 fame. 
 
 hong sia"; a rumor or report, hong bSn; hear- 
 say, hong sok; liabits; modes. hong kh\ ; 
 general feelings, as of a community, ui hong; 
 ni-ui hong-hong ; awful ; majestic. hong-to; 
 style; manners, i kui hong-to ho cSi ; his man- 
 ners are excellent. tai chin kai hong-to ; the 
 air of a nobleman. bun hong ; literary fame, 
 kwn hong ; observe the general state of affairs. 
 
 }^^ iiong 151 Plenteous ; abundant. 
 ^»FT>^ 157 11 hong ni ; a plenteous year, 
 hong kftu ; abundant ; exhuberant. ni tang 
 
 hong-long ; a fertile year. ngS kak hong 
 
 teng; the grain is copiously piled. hong 
 
 muii"; ample ; full. siah co lai hong cSi ; the 
 feast was sumptuous. hong-hong long-long ; 
 affluent ; copious ; plenteous. 
 
 hong 167 The van ; bristling like a 
 167 7 line of bayonets, 
 kau-hong tui liii ; to join in battle, cdi" hong; 
 sieu hong; khui lo sien hong; the vanguard, 
 hong lai bo pi ; incomparably sharp, ce" hong ; 
 bitter rivalry. 
 
 hong 9 Emoluments; salary; income. 
 
 159 8 hong 16k ; salary, ciah sang 
 hong; has an income from two offices. hwt 
 
 h<5ng; forfeit his salary, kaa hong; kia hong; 
 increase his salary. 
 
 P3& h(5ng 30 To read or recite in a tune. 
 '^ 158 8 hong keng; to intone chants 
 as do Buddhist piiests. 
 
 1^ 
 
 tit 
 
 h6ng 
 657 
 II ; when 
 
 142 A clam ; a mussel. 
 4 lut liong siang thi hii-ong 
 the snipe and mussel nip each 
 other the fisherman is the gainer. 15a hong 
 
 se cu ; the old clam produces a pearl ; the old 
 man has a child. 
 
 h6ng 40 Ample ; wide. 
 237 4 khai ciang hdng hwt ; may 
 we have great profits in our business, (a shop- 
 man's sign). khwn h6ng, tSi Hang; great 
 magnanimity, (a polite phrase). 
 
 hdng 162 To meet with ; to come 
 
 168 7 across ; to occur. 
 
 6ili lo siang h6ng; met in a narrow path. 
 h6ng lieh i lili ; he happened to come. hdng 
 n&ng cfl ta"; when you meet a man speak to 
 him. cfa 8l lang h6ng kai su; this is some- 
 
 thing that seldom happens. era eng si khl 
 
 hdng ; this is a rare occurrence. raui" hdng 
 
 sa" poih jit, p^ng kd ; whenever a third and an 
 eighth day occurs, complaints ni.iy be entered, 
 khu i kp c6 cO-lfti i7i pat hdng tieh i t<5 kd; np 
 to now it has happened that when I went to 
 his house to sit with him, he has never been at 
 home. hdng hiong hue kit; meet with bad 
 
 luck or with good luck, i si bQe pat hdng tIeh 
 nge-tdk ; he has not yet met one who could 
 ma.ster him. ki hdng tek-chfu, ciung ng5 
 
 liang-chili ; the chess-player meets his match, 
 the general his equal. 
 
 hdng 120 To sew. 
 158 11 chai-hdng; a tailor, 
 hdng ph6 ; a tailor's shop. 
 
 ch&i 
 
 hdng 196 The swan ; a large goose ; 
 *fty 236 6 immeasurable, 
 hdng hi ; vast felicity. hdng plen ; to send a 
 letter by a friend ; by favor of. hdng ngSn ; 
 the wild goose, hdng hok ; immeasurable bliss. 
 
 ^Jt hdng 85 Vast ; great. 
 l[>> 236 ^ hdng hok; great blessed- 
 ness, khwn hdng tai Hang ; liberal minded 
 and very kind. hdng huang k&i sl-hau ; when 
 the world was still a vast waste. meh hdng 
 tOa ; an irregular pulse. 
 
 hong 196 A fabulous and felicitous 
 159 ^ bird ; the phenix. 
 hong huang ; the male and the female phenix. 
 hong cio ; a phenix. hong kwn ; a bride's 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 153 
 
 coronet. bong ngan ; the Emperor's eye ; a 
 
 sign of good luck. leng kua°, hong chiie ; 
 
 like dragon's liver and phenix's marrow, a rare 
 delicacy. 
 
 hong 37 To receive from a supei'ior ; 
 159 6 to serve respectfully ; to re- 
 verence. 
 
 hong meng lai cp kua"; receive orders to take 
 office. hong ci ; receive the will of the Em- 
 
 peror, hong ka; received instructions, hong- 
 su pe-bo ; reverently obey parents. i raia"-ke 
 hong-seng nang ; he is a skillful flatterer, 
 hong-bien ; to oifer, as in worship. hong cie"; 
 to present a gift to the Emperor. hong loi- 
 
 mueh ; make gifts to the gods. hong kia" ku 
 su; follow the customs of one's predecessors. 
 
 — h(5 — 
 
 'ff^ ho 38 Good ; well ; excellent ; for- 
 ,psY 171 ^ tunate; finished; fit; proper 
 for the purpose ; friendly. 
 
 m cai ho a mo ; do not know whether it is good 
 or bad. ci-kai si ho; this is good. ci-kai 
 siang ho ; this is best. hu-kai lo ho ; that is 
 better. ci-kai ho kiie hu-kai ; this is better 
 
 than that, hu-kai bo mih lip ; that is not very 
 good. bo sim-mih hp kai ; not a very good 
 
 one. m cai ci-kai hp a hu-kai hp ; do not 
 
 know which is the better. ci-kai pi hu- 
 
 kai hp hph coi ; this as compared with that is 
 better by far. hp cSi ; very good. cin hp ; of 
 the utmost excellence. hp si ; inexpressibly 
 
 good. i si hp nang; he is good. se" IM hp ; 
 well-favored. thia° tieh cin hp ; really good 
 
 to hear. thoi" tieh sit-cai hp; considered it 
 
 truly excellent. ciah tieh cin-sit hp cS,i ; 
 
 found by eating it that it was indeed excellent, 
 toi" it hp ; of the best sort. phong tieh hp 
 
 chai-thau ; met with a lucky chance, hp chai ; 
 good luck, hp sim-tng ; good-hearted, hp si, 
 hp jit ; lucky times and seasons. cp hp su; to 
 do good. ta" hp ue ; speak good words. lip- 
 hp nang ; in perfect health. i kai nang hp a 
 hue ? Is he well yet ? chwn hp lio ; he is 
 
 fully recovered. hp hue ; sound goods. hp 
 ti-hng ; a goodly land. hp ngp ; a favorable 
 
 circumstance. cp kau ai" hp ; very nearly 
 
 done. tiang-si 6i tit hd ? When will it be 
 
 done ? ai" hp lio ; it is nearly finished. cie°- 
 se° CO hp me? Is that the way in which it 
 should be done ? hp cie°-se" ta"; it is best to 
 say thus. cp kau hp-hp ; make it nicely. 
 
 kia° hp-hp ; walk with care. siu-sip hp ce ; 
 
 arrange it better. hp khu a hue ? Should we 
 go yet ? btie hp ; it is not well to go yet. 
 
 hln-cSi hd khu ; it will be well to go now. lu 
 
 hd kio i ta"; you should tell him. i no n&ng 
 siang siang-hd ; the two are very friendly, 
 siang-hd pheng-iu ; congenial friends. i kio 
 lia siang-teng siang-hd ; he is exceedingly 
 friendly with me. ta" khu khap hd ; spokea 
 opportunely, khap-hd ngp tieh i Itii ; met him 
 just in the nick of time. Id, hd me ? You be 
 the one to do it, will you ? i ang cia sim sf 
 
 hua-hd ; they, the husband and wife, are very 
 congenial, kio i ta" hd ue ; speak comfortably 
 to him. lu ceng in kue hd ; you have already 
 assented to it. lu thdi" tieh hd me ? Do you 
 think it will be well to do so ? lu cki sle° 
 
 thoi" hd a md ; you think it over again, whe- 
 ther it would be well to do it or not. M 
 ka-ki hd khu ; you should yourself go. ua 
 mng i, i in ta" hd ; I asked him and he 
 assented. 
 
 |-| I* hd 30 Suitable; fit; may; ought; can; 
 
 "J 425 2 sign of the potential mood, 
 hd me ? Can it be done ? hd a m hd ? Is it 
 
 suitable or not ? si hd si rn-hd li ta°; whether 
 it is fit or unfit, say so. hd kia° k§,i su cia" 
 
 kia"; what may be done, that do. hd ta" k^i 
 ue cia" ta" ; what ought to be said, that say. 
 lu hd sie"; you should think it over. ci kia" 
 
 mueh cp-ni i hd ciah ua rTi-hd ciah ? How is ifc 
 that he can eat this and I cannoi ? cie" toa le, 
 hd lai thak cu ; being so large, he should go to 
 school. ci kia" su bue hd cp ; this should not 
 yet be done. lu hd ham i khieh lai ; you may 
 tell him to bring it. hd khu kie i lai ; you go 
 and tell hira to come, ning hd kue"; shut that 
 door. chai lip ciah a bue ? Is the meal ready 
 yet ? i .si hp sieh kai nang ; she is a lovable 
 person, lia oh cek kia" hd chie kai su lu thia"; 
 I will tell you something laughable. ci tie" 
 
 chng bue ta, biie hp eng ; thia table is not yet 
 dry enough to be used. hd liam teng a biie ? 
 shall I light the lamp yet? lii tieh hp hlam 
 i ; you should reprove him. hd tit lieh ; 
 
 deserves ; ought to get. Id ka-ki hd khu cp; 
 you go and do it yourself. hd ciah ; fit for 
 
 food ; eatable. 
 
 hp 127 To lay out ; to squander ; to 
 
 173 4 consume, 
 cek ni ii jieh coi chu hp ? How much is the 
 annual loss from rats ? hp chai ; squanderd 
 wealth. si hu-ho kai ; it is a useless outlay, 
 
 hp-sua" ngwn-klij ; Iio tio sin-khi ; waste one's 
 energies, tai hp, si'o hp ; great and small out- 
 lays, chwn bp im-hp; have no tidings what- 
 ever, cie" ku bp im bp hp ; for ever so long 
 there has been no tidings from it. lu raai" td 
 CO hp ; do not be playing tricks there. 
 
154 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 hb 149 False ; erroneous. 
 PlfU 626 4 ho thwn ; erroneous preach- 
 ing. i° ho thwn ho ; to propagate idle rumors, 
 hp-ca n4ng kiii ci"-ngfin ; extort money by false 
 pretenses. ho-ck nang kai chai-infieh ; get 
 
 goods by illegal means. hb ngftn j deceitful 
 promises. 
 
 M 
 
 hd 9 Wherefore ; how ; what ; why. 
 
 215 6 juho? In what way? horn 
 khu ne ? Why should you not go ? h6 pit ? 
 wily should it be ? lu hd pit ju chu ? Why 
 should you do so ? hb kh<5 nSi hb ; there is no 
 help for it. bo nfti ho ; there is no other way. 
 ui ho cie"-se° ? Why is it thus ? si h6 wn-kii? 
 Wliat is the reason for it ? b6 n&i da h6 ; it is 
 nothing to mo. ho c6ng cie"-8e°? How can it 
 be thus ? kiu k^ng lu ho sd tit ? In the end 
 what will you obtain thereby ? lu ho i7i ci c6 
 lai ? Why did you not come earlier ? ho-i° cie°- 
 80° ? Why is it thus ? lu ho 5n^ cJo''.se' ? Why 
 should you do that ? lu sd cp hb sQ ? What 
 have you been doing ? 
 
 h6 162 A porcupine. 
 
 171 7 h6-tu ; a hedge-hog. h6-tu 
 ci"; porcupine quills. phah tieh ciah hp-tuj 
 
 killed a porcupine. 
 
 h6 82 A fosse ; a ditch ; a moat. 
 
 171 14 sia" hp; a city moat. fi sla' 
 ciu u sia" h6 ; if there is a city there is a city 
 moat. sia" li kui", sia° hp li chim ; the city 
 
 wall is high, and the moat deep. 
 
 hp 85 A river into which other rivers 
 
 215 5 run. 
 ng-ho ; the Yellow River. cle" hp ; the upper 
 part of the river. e ho ; the lower part of the 
 river, to ho; to cross the river by ferry, tah 
 kiie hp ; take passage across the river. khoi- 
 ho ; rivers ; large streams, ho khoi ; the Milky 
 Way. thi°-hp thkng thi°-hp'; the Milky Way 
 runs into the Milky Way. hp-khoi tiii hiah, 
 o-kia° hp ciah ; when the Milky Way is over- 
 head, the taro is edible. hp-khoi tiii tang 6- 
 kia° oi sang ; when the Milky Way is on the 
 meridian the taro is mealy. 
 
 m 
 
 hp 30 To sing a second; to make 
 
 264 5 rhymes to. 
 Bui sia° hu hp ; he always agrees to what one 
 says, cek nang chiang, peh nang hp ; one man 
 chants and all the others follow him. hp 
 
 mdng nang kai si ; cap the rhymes of a certain 
 person. 
 
 tt»^ hp 141 A mark ; a label ; a signal ; 
 ^Ju 17'3 7 a description or class ; to 
 mark or de.signate. ho lerig ; word of com- 
 
 mand, ji hp ; the character used as a mark, 
 nan sim-mih p<5 hp ? What is the sign of your 
 shop ? pho lip ; trade mark. toi" it ho ; 
 
 first- best, toi" kui ho kai hue ? What class of 
 goods? c6 kai ho; ue kai hue ho; make a 
 mark as a sign. tah kai ho ; paste on a label, 
 cang kp tek chah cp h6 ; stick in a piece of 
 bamboo as a mark. Sng sIm-mih khau-gu cp 
 hp ; use some word as a signal. cia si t5i" jl 
 hp k&i ; this is the second best sort, si toa hp 
 kai a soi hp k&i ? Is it of the larger or the 
 smaller sort ? teng kai hp ; make a mark by 
 driving a stamp. pun hp-th&u ; give a signal 
 by blowing a blast, i min teng u cSk kp ki hp 
 hp jiii ; he has a mark on his face by which he 
 may be recognized. Q jieh coi hp sia"? How 
 many brands are there ? kiio hp ; pass the office 
 where the brands are affixed. cliiak-hp ; an 
 
 epithet or nickname, i kai chiak-hp khut n^ng 
 kie-cp ho"; he is nicknamed the tiger. ki ho ; 
 signal by flag. llu hp ki khi-khi ; raise a 
 
 signal flag. th6i" i liu sim-mih ki hp; see what 
 signal he raises, pang ho phau; tire a salute or 
 signal, cp k&i am ho ; give a secret sign, hp 
 pang ; the room where marks are affixed, kua 
 ho ; affix the mark, hp i ; hp kua ; a soldier's 
 uniform, kok hp ; the name of a dynasty, nf 
 hp; the style of a reign, piet hp ; mia" hp ; the 
 name taken on coming to manhood or on enter- 
 ing office; the style or designation of per.sons of 
 position. i"-keng khut lia hp khu Ho ; I have 
 already set a mark on that. lu k&i huap-hp 
 si sim-mueh? What is your priestly name ? 
 
 >^rt ho 154 To felicitate; to send con- 
 ^5^ 216 5 gratulations. 
 hp hi ! Joy be with you ! l&i kio i sie hO ; 
 
 congratulate him. hp slu ; hp nang se°-jit; 
 
 send congratulations upon a birthday, ho ni : 
 send New Year greetings. ho loi ; articles 
 
 sent as presents, upon some happy occasion, 
 peh kua" chio ho ; a general levee. ho nang 
 chua bo, hp nang se° tau-kfa"; send congratula- 
 tions on a wedding day, or on the birth of a 
 son. khp hi khp ho ; what one may be con- 
 
 gratulated upon. kheng hp ; to congratulate, 
 kiong hp ; " with compliments." 
 
 i *^ ho 140 The small leaved variety of 
 ^F*J 216 ~7~ the water-lily, 
 ho-pau ; a purse shaped like the leaf of a water 
 lily. ho-lang kok ; Holland. hp-lang cii ; 
 Irish potatoes. hp-lang be-kiia ; a riding 
 
 jacket of azure camlet. 
 
DICTIONAUT OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 155 
 
 .iSilk , — _-* ho-nia To admoiiisli the people, 
 ^y^ ■^■^^ 763 as by au execution ; to 
 use as a warning to others ; to deter by a 
 warning. 
 
 ke to cie-piah cdi" ho-nia ; wearing the canguo, 
 before the wall that screens the door of the 
 yamun, in order to adtrionish othei's not to do 
 likewise. cai hi°-ci'' li'o, khang khu kak ia" 
 
 ho-nIa ; having had an arrow thrust through 
 his ear, was lead around to each of the garri- 
 sons as a warning. naai" io lio-nia ; do not be 
 one whose career is a warning to others. 
 
 ho 113 To protect, to shield, to de- 
 ll 15 5 fend as gods or spirits may. 
 po-ho ; to give divine protection. 
 
 ^jr^* ho 102 To meet ; to bear. 
 |±| 867 ~S^ ho huang; to be exposed to 
 the wind. ciang-si khu to ho me" huang, co 
 lia li mai*; if I were you I would not go out 
 just now in the night air. ci hue cie° juah 
 
 tieh lai hai-ki" cin-liang ko, ho hai huang cia" 
 ho ; just now, when it is so warra, one should 
 go to a shady spot on the shore and get the 
 sea-breeze. 
 
 — hgh — 
 
 hph 38 Very ; a high degree of ; ex- 
 
 .71 3 ceedingly. 
 hph kii ; a very long time. kia" hoh hng ; 
 
 walked ever so far. hoh chin-chie° lu ; much 
 resembles you. se" lai hoh ngi'a ; is very well 
 favoured, kang-hu hoh ho ; the workmanship 
 is very good. chun u hoh coi ; have a large 
 quantity remaining. li hoh coi jit lio ; many 
 days ago. hph me"; very speedily. sit hph 
 coi ; has lost a great deal. i kai naiig hph 
 
 song-khuai ; he is very comfortable, hph cSu- 
 hue ; very fortunate. 
 
 hph 196 The crane ; the stork. 
 
 2i9 10 pgh-hoh ; the white egret, 
 sien hoh ; the Manchurian crane. hoh hwt, 
 th6ng ngwn ; he has hoary hair and a youthful 
 face. hoh chek huang ; a swollen knee joint, 
 chin-chie" hoh jip koi khun ; like a crane 
 standing among chickens, sie ciia-be ciia-hoh; 
 burning offerings of paper horses and storks. 
 
 — hu — 
 
 hu 86 Ashes; embers; dust; powder. 
   , ^ 260 2 hue-hu ; ashes. thoa" hu ; 
 charcoal dust, ngun-ciia ha ; the powder used 
 in making spirit-money. tu-kut hu ; bone 
 
 dust. hiie-hu sek ; gray. ngoi co hu ; 
 
 triturate to powder, bua hu ; grind to powder. 
 
 #1;! 
 
 hn 66 To apply ; to divide and 
 _ _ 143 11 arrange, 
 hu ieh ; to apply medicines. m hu 6ng ; not 
 
 sufficient for the purpose. mui° gueh kai 
 
 ngua eng khu m hu ; each month the money is 
 insufficient. naiig sio m hu eng; the number 
 of people is too small for the purpo.se. eng to 
 m hu ; hui-eng iTi hu ; not enough to meet 
 expenses. hu a m hu ? Is it enough for the 
 purpose or not ? 
 
 hu 130 The epidermis ; the cuticle. 
 
 143 11 phue-hu ; the skin. hwt- 
 hu ; the cuticle and fine hairs. sin-thoi hwt- 
 hu si pe-bp se" kai, m ka° sie" tieh i ; the body 
 is given us by our parents, and we must not 
 wound it. phue-hu kai pe"; a skin disease ; a 
 slight ailment. 
 
 ^^h JBf^ hu-tu A horn, a speaking 
 \f^l ~WKi 'J34 trumpet, 
 pun tek hu-tu ; blow a bamboo trumpet. hu- 
 tu hiang cie pe" h'o ; the horn sounds, indicat- 
 ing that the performance is about to begin. 
 
 Mhu 130 Rotten ; carius ; spoiled. 
 145 ^8~ hu-nua"; putrid. khah kii 
 
 cii liu-hiu" khu ; if kept too long it will spoil. 
 p6 jue tieh hu-hu ; the cloth feels as if it were 
 spoiled from long keeping. nek hu ; the meat 
 is spoiled, u nang ciah kiam hu cwn hau" ciah 
 hu kai ; some people in eating salt fish prefer 
 that which has become carius. kiam hu nng ; 
 pickled rotten eggs. au kau hu ; decayed to 
 putridity. 
 
 ZJL!^ liu 37 A man ; a husband ; an exalted 
 ^XV 142 J lady ; work, 
 hu hu ; hu chi ; husband and wife, hu cii ; hu 
 kun ; my husband. ce hu, mue" hu ; the hus- 
 band of an elder or a younger sister, hu che"; 
 a fortune-teller's term for a husband. ji-hu ; 
 husband, ngo hu; I, your husband, ngo hu, 
 ngo hu ; we, the stupid married couple. hu- 
 jin ; the wife of an official of high rank. ju 
 
 ba-jin; the concubine of a man of high rank, 
 la'u thai hu-jiu ; the chief wife of an official, 
 ji hu-jin ; a concubine who is the mother of an 
 official. soi" hu ; the husband of a widow, 
 
 coi" hu; a former husband, ku hu ; the living 
 husband of one married to another man. i-hu; 
 wife's sister's husband. chin hu ; own hus- 
 
 band. tS,i hu ; an official. chiang hu ; a 
 
 leader. tai chiang hu ; an eminent leader, 
 
 nng tang chiang hu ; a leader among women, 
 sui hu kill, sui hu cua"; follows the husband to 
 eminence or abasement, peh hu ciang ; a cen- 
 
156 
 
 DICTIONART OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 turion. liu c^; a sage. iSa liu cu ; a rabbi, 
 be hu ; a groom, chia hu ; a carter. cha hu ; 
 a wood-cutter. 16ng hu ; farmers. ta''hu; 
 burden bearers. phit hu ; a common fellow, 
 
 chng hu ; a villager. kio hu ; chair- bearers, 
 
 lau hu ; an old worker, phit hu cu fong ; com- 
 mon bravery. c6k iong cu hu ; one with onl^ 
 ordinary self-possession. ^oug hu, sok cu, 
 
 mediocre people have commonplace children, 
 kang hu ; an adulterer. kang-hu ; in a work- 
 man like manner. cp lai kang-hu kang-hu ; 
 it is skillfully done. bo sira-mih kang-hu ; 
 not nicely put together. bwn hu put tng cu 
 long ; ten thousand could not cope with him. 
 
 tt^^ hu 80 To address ; to speak to. 
 •J 221 6 cheng-hu ; to call by an honor- 
 able name, cheng-hu i co cii ; called him lord, 
 ai" co-ni cheng-hu i ? By what name do you 
 address him ? hi" co-ni cheng-hu i cia° tieh ? 
 What is the proper title by which to address 
 him ? clu io chin k&i lai cheng-hu ; call him by 
 the name of the nearer relationship. 
 
 ^^ hu 4 To reach a point ; at; towards; 
 ' J 224 4 ki-hu ; nearly; about to. ki- 
 hu ai" puah ; on the point of tumbling, ki-hu 
 ki" si ; at the point of death. ki-hu ai' lih ; 
 
 about to burst. ki-ki-hu thoi"- iTi-ki" ; very 
 
 nearly sightless. soh ki-ki-hu tn<f khu ; the 
 rope is at the point of breaking. su-hu ; like. 
 Kii-hu si ; it appears to be. ua thoi" tloh sQ-hu 
 si, lu stt-hu m si ; I first thought that it was 
 and then that it was not. dah loh khji to iJli 
 sfi-hu rli-hd ; after eating it I felt worse. ki»°- 
 jit kai pe" su-hu lo ho hio°-se ; he seems a little 
 better to-day. m to hu chii; it does not consist 
 in that. 
 
 hu 63 A gentleman's house ; a pre- 
 145 6 fecture ; an office in govern- 
 ment; an officer over a department or bureau, 
 kua^-hii ; officers ; officials. nin kai kui hii t6 
 fi-ko ? Where is your residence ? cle" jit kau 
 cun hii pki-hau, li ngo lu rn to ; the other day 
 when I went to your house to pay my respects 
 to you, you were not in. hii-sia"; the depart- 
 mental city. ti-hu ; the prefect. ji hii, sam 
 hii; sub-prefects. uanghu; the prince's 
 
 palace. hu-cun chut u ko-si ; the prefect has 
 issued a proclamation. cie" si-hii ; e si-hii ; 
 
 the highland and lowland prefectures, hii tftu 
 tin long-cong to ; the Prefect, the Intendant 
 of Circuit, and the General-in-Chief are all 
 present. kia"-jit tai-jin lichuthuabo? Has 
 His Excellency been out to-day ? 
 
 hii 65 To spread on ; to apply, as a 
 
 143 11 plaister. 
 cang cia ieli khu hu ; take this medicine and 
 apply it. mai" hii cek sin ; do not get it all 
 
 over you. mai" hu khah khui-khuah ; do not 
 spread it over too wide a space. miu hii hie' 
 k5u ; you need not spread it so thick. ko-ieh 
 hu khui lio cu tah 16h khu ; spread the oint- 
 ment and then put it on. 
 
 m 
 
 hii 9 To stoop ; to condescend. 
 
 140 8 hii hok t6 tl ; to prostrate 
 one's self, hii s\ cek-chiet ; to look down from 
 a height upon all. ngiang-kwn thi°-bAu, 
 
 hti-chak ti-li ; to consider the astrologic and 
 geomantic influences. 
 
 hii 180 The membraneous viscera. 
 
 145 8 \kk hii; the stomach, gall- 
 bladder, large and small intestines, bladder, 
 and three functional passages. ng6-c&ng l&k- 
 hii ; all the internal organs, hui hii; the lungs; 
 the opinions. 
 
 glj 
 
 hii 18 A vice ; a second ; a classifier 
 I'iS 9 of suits or sets of things. 
 cSk ciii", cek hu ; a principal and a vice. hii 
 ia; low military officers. hii png; Im kbng; 
 one who has just missed getting the degree of 
 ku-jin. hu-ciang; brigadier general. si cia' 
 kai a si hu kai? Is it the principal or his 
 second ? khieh cek hu pit bak 1° lai ; bring a 
 set of writing implements. cek hu pua'-iia'; 
 a set of dishes. cek hu te-ku ; a set of tea 
 
 things, chwn hu cip su; a complete outfit, i 
 leng-ua° c§k hu sim-tng ; he is of a different 
 nature. 
 
 hu ^ A tutor. 
 
 147 10 thki-hu; the highest tutor. 
 6xo-hu ; the next to the highest tutor. thai- 
 
 cu kai thai-hii ; the crown-prince's tutor. tu- 
 hu ; Professor. 
 
 /f— I* hu 9 To hand over to; to put in 
 |\| 147 3 one's hands, 
 si ua chin rain kau-hu khut lu kai ; I delivered 
 it over to you myself. ai" hu tl-tiang khu? 
 
 Whom will you engage to go ? hii-thoh lu 
 
 c6 ; commission you to do it. hu cheng-chd ; 
 all delivered over into another person's hands, 
 much hu i khieh lai; put the things into his 
 hands to be handed over here, nguu hu i khu 
 CO seng-li ; committed the money into his hands 
 to go and traffic with. lia kio i ta" jieh coi 
 
 hue, i hii cu put bun; how many times have I 
 told him, and he pays no attention to the 
 matter. 
 
DtCTIONART OF THE SWATOW DULKCT. 
 
 167 
 
 n/4* hii 80 To order ; to enjoin on. 
 "I J 147 "5" hun-hu; to order; to give 
 instruction to. hun-hu i cO-ni co ; tell him 
 
 what to do. ua cai-sa" cok-hix lu ; I gave you 
 strict orders repeatedly. ua hun-hu, i m 
 
 chai ua, lu h(5 cai hun-hii i ; I tell him, and he 
 pays no attention to me, you order him again 
 concerning it. 
 
 hu 156 To repair to, to attend ; to 
 , „„^ 149 2 go to. 
 
 i ai" kbu hu jim ; he is going to enter upon the 
 duties of his office. kui nang long-cong lai 
 
 hu siah ; they are all present at the feast. hii 
 hue ; attend a meeting. hii su ; to repair to a 
 place where business is to be attended to. 
 
 hu 154 A madrigal ; to receive from 
 149 8 Heaven and bestow on men. 
 si hu; poems, co si co hu; make ballads, i kai 
 hu se" 61 cie"-se"; such is his natural disposition. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 hii 118 Charms ; incantations ; to 
 144 5 tally; to correspond; to verify 
 by comparison. 
 
 fle hu ; to write charms. sie hu ; to burn 
 
 paper on which charms have been written, 
 hu ciu ; spells, chvii li liam ciu, chiu li ue hu ; 
 repeating incantations with his mouth while 
 Tvriting charms with his hand. thau tie hd 
 
 thau liam ciu ; reciting spells while he wrote 
 charms. ISng hu ; an effectual charm. i kai 
 hu-ciu cin cai ; his spells are very effective, 
 pe" hu; the demon of sickness. kua° hu; the 
 demon of ill-luck. thien kua" hu ; a fata- 
 
 lity, cu-si u hu sin kai hu ; boasts of having 
 an amulet which protects him. i kua ii ISu- 
 la hu to sin ; he has an amulet upon his pei'son. 
 6ng hu-ciii lS,i bu cu hd ; take some water on 
 which ^ spell has been cast, and expel it from 
 the mouth in mist, and all will be well. 
 Biang ko tiang-si to eng hu ui pe", hln-kim 
 lau; in the most ancient times spells were 
 much u.sed for the cure of diseases, and so 
 they are at present also. ci tie" hu khu 
 
 ciah, ci tie" hu khu tab pang toa mng, cf tie" 
 hu khu tab pang pang mng, ci tie" hu khu 
 tab pang min-chng, ci tie" hu khut i kua"; let 
 him swallow this written charm, stick this 
 one over the front door, this one over the 
 bedroom door, this one on the bed-stead, and 
 let him hang this one upon his neck, pia" hu; 
 tk seal conferring unlimited military powers, 
 hu teng khap in ; fit the seal into its impres- 
 fiion. hu in ; the seal and its impression. 
 
 m siang hu ; m siang hu-h&h ; the parts do not 
 match, no na,ng k^i ue ta" lai m hii-hah ; 
 
 there is a discrepancy between the statements 
 of the two. cdi" ftu k&i su m hA ; the former 
 and the latter circumstances do not agree, 
 ji ciah 111 hu ; the writing does not tally. m 
 hti; the parts do not match. 
 
 hii 142 hii-tlap ; a butterfly. 
 
 223 9 hii-tiap ap ; a box shaped like 
 a butterfly. 6i cp hii-tlap than ; make the 
 
 shoes with butterfly shaped ornamentation, 
 hu-tiap kau ; broad hinges or butta. 
 
 ha 96 Pink coral, of the precious 
 222 9" kind used for official buttons, 
 sang-hu ; sien hii ; pink coral. eang-hu en ; 
 
 sang-hii teng ; a pink coral button. sang-hiH 
 chiu ; a spray of pink coral. ci kjii sang-hu si 
 ke kai a cin kai ? Is this coral real or is it an 
 imitation ? i ki sang-hii cia" cgk liah tiig, lia 
 ki sang-hu ku-a chieh tiig ;',hi8 branch of coral 
 is about a span long, while mine is several 
 feet long. 
 
 m 
 
 A term for the Monguls, Tar- 
 tars, and tribes of Central 
 
 hii 130 
 
 221 5 
 Asia ; foreign. 
 
 hu-jin, hii ti; Mongolians and Mongolia. hii. 
 jin bq peh n! tu un ; Tartars have not a hun- 
 dred years run of luck. c6i"-hu; a tonic medi- 
 cine, a shrub whose root tastes like ginseng. 
 ch4-hu; a bitterish sudorific resembling gentian. 
 
 hii 119 Incoherent ; careless ; foolish ; 
 ,^^ 222 ~9~ paste, 
 hu-thii ; foolish. ci kai n^rg hii-hu thii-thii ; 
 this is an addle-pated fellow. i si hii-li hii- 
 
 thii kai ; he is muddle-headed. hii-hiin ; not 
 perspicuous. thdi" tieh hii-hu hun-hun ; it 
 
 looks very indistinct. hii sueh; nonsensical 
 talk. ciu ce cui i cu hii ng&,n Iwn gd ; when 
 fuddled with wine he is incoherent and reck- 
 less in his talk, ji-ciah mo".h(i, m cheng-ch(5; 
 the letters are blurred. pie hu chte"; a paper 
 hanger. soi su hu-thu, toa su boi hu-thii ; ha 
 is careless is small things but not in great ones. 
 
 hu 85 A lake ; a large pool. 
 
 222 '9 hu si ; Nanking raw silk. 
 ngo hii, si hai ; all the empire. lu-hii ; a park, 
 phwn-iang hii ; the Poyang Lake. tSi cien 
 phwn-iang hu ; a great battle. 
 
 ^^ hix 83 A tankard with straight sides. 
 nR. 223 9 ciu hii ; a wine jug. te hd ; a 
 tea pot. chong cek hu te lai ; infuse and 
 
 bring a pot of tea. me" hii ; a urinal. ciah ii 
 pua" hii cin ; has drunken half a pot of ale. 
 tang-hu tih-lau ; a clepsydra. 
 
158 
 
 DICTIONAEt 0* THB SWAToW DULKCT. 
 
 hu 94 The fox; foxes' far; distrastf al. 
 
 174) 5 hu-sien ; a brownie. p8h hii 
 h6 a si hiie hu hd ? Which ia the best, the far 
 of the white or of the red fox ? hu ke ho" ui ; 
 a fox putting on the air of a tiger. tho sf hii 
 pui ; when the hare dies the fox mourna. 
 i thia° tieh hu-gi ; on hearing it he mistrusted, 
 i thia" Ifo, siru lii hu-hu gi-gi ; having heard 
 it, he became suspicious. 
 
 ^ 
 
 hu 64 To uplift, uphold, support, 
 144 4 sustain, or help along, 
 tang soi hu-th! kau tua; brought him up from 
 childhood. hu i khi lai ; help him up. i bd 
 hie" 6i kia°, lu tieh hu i ; he cannot walk very 
 well, you must hold him up. la m si i hu 
 
 tieh, cu puah loh khu ; if he had not held me 
 up I should have fallen. hu-hu ohah-chah ; 
 
 continually helped along. tah hu-chi'u-pang 
 cU loh kle ; when he drums on the support for 
 the hands in the sedan chair, they set the chair 
 down. hu ISu thi lu"; support the aged and 
 the young. hu kua°-cha; bear a coffin, 
 
 khiong-ui hu m tio ; afraid that I cannot 
 sustaiu it. boi hd th cQ ; will not fail to hold 
 it up steadfastly. lia thoi" li hu lu khf ; I do 
 not think you can support it. khut i k6i-koi 
 cu hu khi l&i; he can lift it with ease if he will 
 take hold of it. hu kha, hu chfa ; to uphold ; 
 to support the feet and the hands. 
 
 "f-| hii 7 Interlocking. 
 _"... 226 2 kau-hu; dovetailed, 
 cio eng; mutual collusion. 
 
 hu siang 
 
 hu 159 To help ; to assist ; to second. 
 
 146 7 sie-hu ; assists, hfi-co ; aids. 
 pang hu ; to lend aid sie pang sie hu ; to 
 cooperate. cai hu ; a cabinet minister. hQ 
 
 thai-cu CO ui ; lend support to the crown prince 
 in ascending the throne. hu i li ke su ; help 
 her in managing the house. sie hu giap-lak ; 
 second the effort. bo nang hd hii chin ; no- 
 
 body to lend a hand. hua" nang hu kha hii 
 
 chiu, CO khun-kia° cu hp ; if all take hold and 
 help it will be done in a little while. 
 
 ■^3^ hii 149 To protect ; succor ; guard ; 
 fi^C 226 14 convoy ; aid. 
 k\u-hii ; to rescue. huang-hii ; to guard from 
 danger. hii-cp ; succor. pp-hii ; to give 
 
 protection, hii-iie ; to escort, as with a guard, 
 eng ci ki kun to hii k^ ; make use of this troop 
 to escort the chariot. eng hii huang in ; 
 
 stamp it with a seal. phai kui nang hii-sang 
 i khu chii ; detail several persons to escort him 
 
 homo. clam gng m6ng n&ng hii If ; make 
 
 temporary use of a certain person to aid in tho 
 settlement of the case. hu-su ; an envelope 
 
 for papers ; a portfolio. 
 
 4 
 
 The announcement by a son 
 of the death of a parent or 
 
 hii 149 
 PI 149 ~2" 
 
 grandparent, 
 hii-iia thiap; a card announcing the death of a 
 parent or grandparent. pang hu-im thiap ; 
 
 issue cards aunouucing a parent's death. 
 
 hii 88 A wife. 
 
 149 8 hu hii; husband and wife. 
 hQ-jin; a woman. hCi-nng; the women folk, 
 hii-jin n&ng ; women, hlen-hii ; a virtuous 
 woman. phwt-hti ; a termagant. meng-hii ; 
 a titled lady. hii-jin tieh fi sam chong, si 
 
 tek ; women must practice the three duties and 
 four virtues. 
 
 hii 113 To inter in the family tomb. 
 
 147 5 h<iang-thai-h6 seng-lm thai- 
 bie ; the empress is interred in the great tem- 
 ple, i kfti phun, hd cSk p6i", hJi-cng i kui jl 
 nt\ng ; his inferior wife ia interred in that side 
 of his tomb. 
 
 .^> hii 88 A father. 
 
 S^^ 147 Boi' hii; my deceased father. 
 
 ke hii ; my father. 
 
 hii 187 A subsidiary horse. 
 *WU 14:8 5 hii be ; hiah hu ; a son-in-law 
 of the emperor. 
 
 It A". ^" 
 
 To append ; to join on ; an- 
 nex ; supplement. hii-kuii 
 kai tl-hng; adjacent land, hii to hu biie ; ap- 
 pended thereto, hu hue hii ke cek kp ; annex 
 another piece, mih su to hii-hp i ; follows him 
 blindly in everything. liQ c§k huang sm ; 
 
 inclosed a letter, hii toa° cek tie"; the inclosed 
 order. i kai ngun-toa" si hii to sin toi ; his 
 draft is enclosed in the letter. hiX ngun cek 
 peh nie ; add on another hundred taels. 
 
 on the back ; to 
 to turn the back 
 
 hu 154 To bear 
 
 149 2 assume ; 
 upon ; to slight ; to fail. 
 
 hii ce ; in debt. hii khut jieh kii ; how long 
 
 have I borne oppression. hii sim chak ; an 
 
 ungrateful scamp. buang uu hii ngi ; forget 
 benefits, i si koi''-thio pue-hii kai nang ; he is 
 a burden-bearer. ph^a-hii put hiiam ; more 
 able than common men. ci k^i n^ug sim si 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 159 
 
 phSa-bu ; this is a very able and learned 
 person. i hii ieh ; he breaks the contract, 
 
 seng hu ; succeed or fail. m cai seng hu jA 
 
 ho ; do not know whether he has succeeded or 
 failed. ua bo khui-hu lu ; [ have not treated 
 you unfairly. lia m hii lii ciu si ; I will not 
 
 disappoint you. khi-hu ; to impose upon, 
 
 ra khi-hu nang, la b6 thang pan uang khi-hu ; 
 does not impose upon anybody, and does not 
 allow any body to impose upon him. huang 
 thi" put hu kho sim nang ; high Heaven never 
 turns away from the sorrowful in heart. 
 
 P^F hu 130 Flour made frona beans or 
 71^ 145 8 peas. 
 
 tau-lm; bean-curd, oi tau-hu ; grind peas for 
 making curd. tau-hu kua"; dried bean-curd, 
 hu JLi; soured bean-curd. hiang hu; hard 
 
 bean-curd, tau-hu cie"; bean porridge, or pea 
 soup. hu ki ; strips of bean-curd. hu moh; 
 hu phue ; the scum of pea soup. tau-hu hue ; 
 blauc-mange made from bean flour. 
 
 hu 30 To breathe out. 
 
 221 5 u hu ai cai ; alas, how very 
 
 sad it is. 
 
 J^Y^ ^^ - ^° expletive at the end of sen- 
 
 J 224 4 tences. 
 cu hu ia cfa ; it is all bosh (these four particles 
 having in themselves no meaning). 
 
 — hua — 
 
 hua 149 Clamor ; a din. 
 
 240 12 suang-hua; hubbub, kim- 
 ci suang-hua ; all loud talking is strictly for- 
 bidden. 
 
 
 hua 140 To squander ; to spend. 
 
 239 4 hua-hui tio jieh coi ci°-ngun 
 cia" CO seng ; much money was spent before it 
 was accomplished, hua-cu ; a spendthrift. 
 
 ^ 
 
 hua 18 A pinnace ; a scow. 
 
 240 4 hua-theng ; a lorcha, a cargo 
 boat, ci ciah hua-theng ai" khu tl-ko ? Where 
 is this lorcha going ? 
 
 ■^JP^ hua 115 Crops ; grain ; corn. 
 ^|V 254 chS.ng-hua ; crops, miia-si- 
 chu kai chang-hua ho cai ; everywhere the 
 crops are fine. 
 
 hua 140 Splendor ; glory. 
 
 239 8 iong-hua; effulgence, gueh 
 hua ; bright moonlight. chia-hua c5i ; very 
 
 showy. tong-hua; China. tang h fang iong- 
 tua ; partake with him of his grandeur. 
 
 H^pl hua 30 Harmony ; concord ; agreo* 
 TH 254 5" ment. 
 
 hua-pheng; at peace. hua-hua-ph§ng-ph§ng ; 
 in complete agreement. sim hua, khi phSng ; 
 thoroughly reconciled, cek thwn hua-klu ; in 
 perfect harmony. hua-klu ti siang ; a concil- 
 iatory disposition tends to intitnaoy. raai" sie" 
 hua-khi; do not disturb the harmony. hia°-tl- 
 kia" hua-hua ktu-khi ; the brothers are very 
 amicable. ang cfa sim si hua-sfln ; husband 
 and wife are in accord. in ang cfa m hiia ; 
 they, the husband and the wife, are of incom- 
 patible temper, ke-mn^ hiia-sun ; the families 
 are in cordial relationship. kio chii-pi'' m 
 
 hua-mok ; not on good terms with his neigh- 
 bours. thi"-kh\ thio-hua ; the weather is pro- 
 pitious, lip hua-ieh ; form a treaty of amity, 
 kang hua; to treat of peace. ke cek ie" Iqh 
 khu hua bi ; put in one more kind, to render 
 the flavor perfect. hua-hau; in accord. m 
 sie hua ; uncongenial. Ip ko phali lai m hua ; 
 the drums and gongs are not beaten in time, 
 cang hi" lai hua i kai khek ; accompany his 
 song with the violin. hi" kio khek ih hua; 
 the fiddle and the song are not in unison, hi" 
 sua" leng-ua" phah kau hua-hua ; manipulate 
 the string of the viol until it is in tune. soi" 
 toa" thoi" hua me; first thrum it and see iE it 
 is in tune. hua kau cau-cau ; attune them 
 
 until they all conform. sai hua nang mia ; 
 
 hush up a homicide. i Ifang c5u sai-khia-e 
 hua khu ; he secretly made a settlement with 
 the other party, chia" kong-chin chut lai hua ; 
 invite a mediator to make peace, hua kau ta", 
 hwn-h'o biie loh ; they have been making over- 
 tures of peace until now, and have not yet 
 reached reconciliation, hua ieh buah ; to com- 
 pound medicinal powders. hua Ifo leng-Qa" 
 hvvn; were conciliated and then disagreed again, 
 kiii hua kie" pang-i ko ; a costly arbitration is 
 better than a cheap lawsuit, nfn no nang hua- 
 hua ai" khu tl ko ? Where are you two going 
 so amicably ? 
 
 hiia 113 Misery, woe, suffering ; to 
 Rj 256 9 send woe upon. 
 pi hiia ; escape impending wrath. lu raai" 
 
 jia hiia; do not bring misery upon yourself, 
 chuang hiia ; bring on calamity, hua put toa" 
 kia"; misfortunes never come singly. in hiia 
 tit hok; attain happiness through misery, hok 
 Bien, hiia im ; blesses goodness and sends woe 
 upon wickedness. hua i-pang pat nang kp ; 
 lay the consequences of evil upon somebody 
 else, hiia ai" lai Ifo ; misery is at hand, i kai 
 hua ra hug Ifo ; his trouble is not far off. u 
 
 hok li tang hiang, u hiia li tang tng ; if there 
 
160 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 be joy we will share it, if there be sorrow we 
 will bear it together. pae thi" hua ; sudden 
 calamity. cek jit co tuo-tue, hua to thi" cle° 
 pne ; when sitting at ease, sudden adversity 
 came upon us. m cai si hua a si hok ; do not 
 know whether it is a calamity or a blessing. 
 
 — hua" — 
 
 hua" 76 Pleased with ; gratified ; 
 , ^ _ 244 18 joyous, 
 lu hua"-hi i rag ? Are you pleased with liim ? 
 hua" sim ; a merry heart. hua" thi" hi tl ; 
 
 extravagant joy. hua°-hua" hf-hi; delighted, 
 i thia" tieh slra si hi-hua"; when he hoard it he 
 was greatly pleased. i hua"-hf ci kfti n^iig ; 
 he is pleased with this person. hua" thfiu hi 
 chio ; gleeful), hai i hua"-hf si ; kill him with 
 joy. hua"-hf kjiu thio ; jumped for joy. i t5a 
 hua"-hf; he is greatly pleased. 
 
 hiia" 149 All, altogether; the whole. 
 86 9 hua" nang cb-pii Itli ; they 
 all came together, hiia nflng khu tl-ko? Where 
 have they all gone ? hiia" kai cp-ni ta" ? 
 
 What did they all say about it ? hua" ktli su 
 li wn a hue ? Is the business all finished up 
 yet ? hua" kai much co hd ; all the things are 
 finished. hiia" ksli to tui tl-ko khii ? Whore 
 have all the knives gone to ? hua" kai ue 
 
 l<5ng-c6Dg tSeh ; all that was said was right. 
 
 m 
 
 hAa" 
 282 
 
 dilly-dally. 
 
 easy going. 
 
 gill hua" 
 5fT 162 
 
 85 Easy going ; lazy and slow. 
 
 5 raai hua"- hua" n6 ; do not 
 
 i to si hua"- hua" n6 ; he is very 
 
 209 To snore. 
 
 8 ut ki\u {(5 hua"; asleep and 
 snonng. M hua" kau ua bQi ut ; you snore so 
 that 1 cannot sleep. 
 
 (^& hua" 16 To steady the footsteps by 
 _JXj 700 6 leaning upon a prop; to lean 
 upon or against ; to rest lightly upon, 
 ham kai a-no°-kia" kliut-i hua" chi'a ; call one 
 of the children for her to lean on. u ki sam 
 h(5 hua" io koi kia"; with a cross-bar to stay 
 one's hand against, it would be easier to walk 
 over. i hua" to lang-kang ko ; she leans on 
 the balustrade, hua" to i koi"-thau ; stay your 
 steps bj? leaning upon his shoulder. lia k^i 
 
 chfu khut lu hua"; lean upon my arm. 
 
 hua" 96 To take charge of ; to attend 
 519 7 to ; to manage ; to lay out, 
 as funds. i mia°-ke hua"-ke ; she is expert in 
 the management of a household. cgk ke, kui 
 cap n&ng, khut i hiia" kau iap-iap thiap-thiapj 
 
 the whole family, consisting of several tens of 
 persons, is kept in the most complete order by 
 her. cfa su si tl-tiang \6 hQa" ? Who has the 
 management of this affair ? hua" seng-li ; ma- 
 nages the business. hOa" tSa ; attend the 
 helm ; steer the thing through, hua" sio ; take 
 charge of the accounts. cia ngun pkng ko 
 hua" ke ; leave this money to be laid out for 
 the support of the family, i kfti giieh Sn^,' jieh 
 coi ngun liQa" ke ? How much is required per 
 month to keep the family ? 
 
 4-|M[ ^>*1*" ?2 A bank ; a dike ; a dam ; an 
 J'^sL 1090 9 embankment which prevents 
 overflow. cob cek tio hQa"; make a dike, 
 
 kla" tiie ci tlo hua" ko khu ; walk along this 
 bank, mna-ll-kp kfti toi-hCia" cpli kau kh\ang- 
 khiang, ciii toa cia" bpi pang ; the dikes every- 
 where are strongly made, and when the waters 
 rise will not give way. cle" pang ciii ci tio 
 
 hua" khut i itu khu, ta" tieh Ifti cph kui" ce ; 
 when the waters were last let off, this dike was 
 overflown, and we must now make it higher, 
 cph tio hQa" ping hiii-ki"; make a bund. 
 
 Bt^ hQa" 102 Revised paths between fields. 
 L^ 17 6 chftng hua"; narrow raised 
 paths between rice fields, cph ke cek tio chftng 
 nQa"; make another dividing path between the 
 rice plots. chftng hQa" siak ku soi tio ; the 
 path is narrowed by long hoeing off. tui ci io 
 toa tio kai hua" kiie khu; go by thia wider path. 
 
 hua" 
 165 
 
 107 Solder ; to solder. 
 8 hua" i sie ciah ; solder them 
 together. hua" khu m sie ciah ; it is not 
 
 soldered firmly. cie"-se' hua" khu rli toi"; in 
 that way the solder does not hold. tieh cang 
 cfa lai hfla", cia" kien-kii ; you must use this in 
 soldering it and then it will be firm. 6ng hQa"- 
 thftu lai hQa"; take solder and solder it. b6i 
 pheng-se" lai kap hQa"-th4u ; buy borax and 
 make solder. 
 
 — huah — 
 huah-hi To gape or yawn. 
 215 M huah-hi si mak siap 
 a ill fei ? You yawn because you are sleepy do 
 you not ? i CO lio huah-hi huah-hSi : si n4ng 
 khun-kwn m&k-siap, a si hun-rgien ? Having 
 sat down he keeps yawning : is it froin the 
 sleepiness produced by fatigue, or is it because 
 the time for him to take his opium has come ? 
 than huah-hi, th&u chun-lun ; yawning and 
 stretching at the same time. i td hnah-hl 
 
 chun-lun, hfa ie" si phi kai ie"; he is yawning 
 and stretching, as if he were tired and sleepy, 
 mng-klu'-ca huah-hi li'o, e-hai ka-lauh khu ; 
 this morning he yawned and dislocated his javr. 
 
 xm 
 
DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 161 
 
 .if^ h\iah 77 To stride ; to step ; to 
 Cy^ 713 T straddle. 
 6i hiiali kue a boi ? Can you stop across ? cSk 
 huali cek huah ; step by step. kta° bd kiii 
 
 huah kha cu sng ; I had walked but a few 
 steps when my legs were tired. i kia" lo toa- 
 toa huah ; he takes great strides. huah m 
 
 kue ; cannot straddle across it. 
 
 — hiiai 
 
 I 
 
 iPJS 
 
 To cherish ; to hold within, 
 harbour 
 
 huai 61 
 
 243 16 sim huai ak liam ; 
 evil thoughts, huai tho ; huai eng ; pregnant, 
 huai sai sim ; seek selfish ends. huai httn m 
 hiah ; persistently cherish dislike. sim ISi 
 
 huai m-ho kai i-su ; harbour bad intentions, 
 khua-huai ; anxious. 
 
 T£a hiiai 82 To despoil; to ruin; to break 
 r:^. 244 16 down. 
 
 long huai khu ; broken down and ruined. ISng 
 kau hui-huai ; torn down and destroyed, pai- 
 huai mia°-sek ; ruined his reputation. 
 
 — huam — 
 
 m 
 
 huam 85 To inundate ; to overflow. 
 
 ^ 128 2 huam-lSm ; in motion, like 
 
 a flood. toa cui huam-lam ; the waters surge, 
 mua-si-chii hiiam-huara lS,m-Iam, ceng si cui ; 
 everywhere a rising flood of water. i kai ue 
 huam-huara ia,ra-lS,m theng ta"; his words pour 
 forth in a sti'eam of reckless speech. lu kai 
 
 tie mai" ta° khah huam-lSm ; do not deluge us 
 ■with your words, co khu toa huam-lSm, theng 
 CO; acts without restraint and recks nothing. 
 
 Y>^ hviam 85 Floating; unguided ; ob- 
 l/C 128 5 jectless ; to drift, 
 phu-huam ; floating about. i co .su ph^-phA 
 
 huam-huam, in tieh sit ; he does things very 
 Buperficially, and is never thorough. ci k^i 
 nang khah hiiam ; this person is too unsteady. 
 hu kai a-no"-kia° huam cSi ; that child is very 
 careless. huam be huam n&ng khia ; vicious 
 horses find reckless riders. i kai ngdn sin, 
 
 thdi" tieh khah huam, m ce"; the expression of 
 his eye is too wild and unsettled. gua khau 
 hiiam-huam, kio nang kau-iu ; wanders at will, 
 with pleasure-seekers. 
 
 tJ hiiam 16 Human; mortal; every- 
 • l^ 126 1 body; usual, common, 
 huam-jin ; mankind. huam hu, sok cu ; the 
 common people ; the vulgar. i kS,i ptin-nfa 
 
 elt-cSi hui huam ; his ability is really above 
 the average. cu huam kai su to l&u-tSng lii ; 
 give you much trouble about all this. cu bI 
 
 sien-nng hia huam ; it is a fairy come into the 
 world, cia si m cai stm-raih che° sin 13,i kkng 
 huam kai; this is some unknown divine being 
 that has come into the world. thut-li huam 
 tin kii li'o; shuffled o£E this mortal coil long ago. 
 twn bd su huam kai su ; has no earthly cares, 
 huam kang; secular life ; the world. huam 
 
 tho se" kai ; of human origin. tSi htkam nang 
 CO h(5 cu ti ho po-eug ; whoever does well is 
 recompensed. 
 
 m 
 
 huam 94 To offend; to violate; to 
 128 ~^ transgress ; a culprit. 
 huara-j£n ; a criminal. huam cue ; to trans- 
 
 gress, huam cue kai nang ; a transgressor, 
 
 ci kia° 6U si huam huap, m-hd co ; this is 
 against the rules, and must not be done, kbi 
 hflam ; to deliver up a criminal. mai° chok- 
 huam tieh i ; do not offend him. i cf kla" cue 
 sng si go huam kai ; this offence is to be 
 reckoned an unintentional one. kii huam; de- 
 liberately transgressed, ku-i khu huam huap ; 
 break the law with a deliberate purpose, kam- 
 huam ; a prisoner. ci kai su huam kim ; this 
 is a trespass, huam tSng cue li siu tSng heng; 
 he who commits a great crime, receives a haavy 
 punishment. huam khin cue li siu khin 
 
 hgng ; he whose offense is slight receives a 
 slight punishment. chiu-huam ; one in cus- 
 
 tody, i si huam tieh sim-mueh ? What has 
 
 he gone counter to ? 
 
 CI huam 16 All ; general. 
 J W 126 1 huam nang ta°-ue tieh mai" 
 hu-bu ; whoever speaks must not falsify, hiiam 
 su to tieh kiin-sin ; whatever business you have 
 on hand, you must conduct it with care, 
 huam cek-chiet ke lS,i kai much to si i kwn ; 
 whatsoever there is in the house she takes con- 
 trol of it. hiaam sim-raih nang ; whosoever it 
 be. tSi huam kai much to si ii si phi" ii si 
 
 kiii; things in general are sometimes cheap and 
 sometimes dear. 
 
 ^B hiiam 61 Grief; tribulation; afflic- 
 iM£% 248 7 tion ; to be vexed, 
 tu Ifo Su huam ; ward off distressing con- 
 sequences, hua-huam ; affliction. to huam- 
 lang tang ; in tribulation. po bd Su-huam ; 
 
 protect from subsequent misfortune. huam 
 
 pe°; a distressing malady. c6h Ho Sa-hiiam; 
 cut off subsequent occasions for vexation. 
 
 hiiam 118 A law ; a rule ; a standard. 
 128 9 i kai huang-hflam sim si 
 ngiam ; his prohibition is strict indeed. cau 
 put kue i huam-ui ; cannot run counter to hia 
 restrictive rule. 
 
162 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THB 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 — huang — 
 
 tj^ ^^^ huang-thang Boasting talk, gas- 
 /r^ Fvit 861 conade, exaggeration. 
 
 i kfii ue huang-th3,ng cSi ; his language is very 
 extravagant. s6 ta" kai ue huang-huang 
 
 thang-thang, bd ku sit ; what was said was the 
 wildest exaggeration, without a word of truth 
 in it. 
 
 Jvifc^ huang 61 Nervous; alarmed; agitated. 
 IJlu 253 10 rahi" khah huang- marig ; do 
 not be too hurried, sim huang, i \wn ; agitated 
 in mind. huang-huang ciang-ciang ; in trepi- 
 dation, i ka.i sim huang-lvva ; she is flurried. 
 
 JH 
 
 huang 182 Wind ; air in motion ; 
 155 breath. 
 Bun huang, tit 11 ; may you have a fair wind 
 and prosperous journey. ngek huang; go 
 
 against the wind. huang sun, eng oe" ; fair 
 wind and smooth waters, lu ti jit ^i" stin 
 
 huang ? On what day do you sail ? thi-ke hue, 
 ai" chia" lu ciah sun huang cia. ; I invite you 
 all to take a parting cup with me before you 
 Bail, huang cle° p6i°; to windward, huang S 
 poi"; to leeward. khuang huang, me" h5 ; 
 
 ■violent wind and rain. hie°-e huang, sla" l&i, 
 ho ; the country is windy, the city rainy. Id 
 m-hd chue tieh huang ; you must not let the 
 wind blow upon you. mhi" ki" huang ; do not 
 expose yourself to the wind. toa huang, toa 
 ho ; high wind and heavy rain. than huang ; 
 the wind blows gently. chue huang ; the 
 
 wind is blowing. pun huang; to blow up 
 
 with the breath. m-ho lau huang ; make it 
 
 air tight, khau huang ; bends under the force 
 of the wind. la huang; dry in the wind, 
 
 cek tau tang huang, sa° tau ho ; to a peck of 
 east wind there are three pecks of rain. tieh 
 than toa pak huang c\a° oi ce°; if there were 
 to be a strong north wind it would clear, 
 lam huang hue ; schools of fish that appear 
 with the rising of the south wind. si phi" 
 
 huang ; a shifting wind. sun huang ki ; a 
 
 wind vane ; one who falls iu with whatever 
 is said. huang ho cam ; a barometer, ci kai 
 tl-hng khah hip huang ; this place is too much 
 shut off from the wind. phuah huang-16 ; 
 
 fan the fire in the furnace. huang c^k cun 
 
 c6k cun ; the wind comes in gusts. huang- 
 
 thai ; a typhoon. ai" co huang-thai ; there is 
 going to be a gale. kia°-cun ngo tieh phah 
 
 thau huang ; meet adverse winds. huang 
 
 gueh chie tham ; small talk. chin huang; 
 
 kua" huang ; cold, bleak winds, liang huang ; 
 a bi'eeze. cheng huang ; a refreshing breeae. 
 
 huang cheng, gueh peh ; cool breezes, and 
 moonlight nights. hau" huang liu ; fond of 
 
 gaiety. huang-liu chai cu ; a fast young 
 
 man. huang-cui ; the influence exerted on 
 the welfare of the living and the dead by the 
 bearings of sites. huang bQn ; rumors. lia 
 huang bun-ki° fi ci kla" su; I heard a rumor 
 of this. tong huang pfi"; apoplexy. sia" 
 
 huang ; a cold ; rheumatic pains. iii huang ; 
 afraid of drafts, pun c6k tin huang chue khu; 
 blown away by a gust of wind. khut huang 
 But cih khu ; whisked off and broken by the 
 wind, huang kQi°; a fanning mill, tie" huang; 
 puffed up with wind. ciah lio se° huang ; 
 
 productive of flatulence, huang juah kek kau 
 thftu-khak hin cfii ; had the perspiration 
 checked so completely as to produce headache. 
 huang-kh\; neuralgia, huang sip; malarious, 
 lang-lang huang-huang; giving ingress to 
 many currents of air. hoi lang-huang ; does 
 not admit the air. lii mih huang ? lu slm-mih 
 huang chue lai ? What brought you here ? 
 pkng cek ko khut i thau huang; leave an aper- 
 ture for ventilation. huang thau lai na-nft ; 
 the wind is hot. bd huang ; no breeze, tang 
 a huang ck" hd sai ; wait till the wind rises, 
 then put up the sails, cia" huang h<5 sai, a hue" 
 huang h<5 sai ? Which is best for sailing, a 
 wind that comes directly astern, or one that 
 comes at right angles to the course ? huang 
 thio h6 siin ; just enough of wind and rain, 
 khut huang phah ka-lauh loh lai ; blown down 
 by the wind, huang bo ; a hood. pu huang 
 chok ia"; chase the wind and catch shadows ; 
 it is mere idle rumor. chiu-sin khia tit cia", 
 m pha" chiu-biie huang io-tong ; the erect tree 
 does flot fear having its top shaken by the 
 wind. 
 
 - f^ huang 70 Proper, correct; a rule, 
 y/y 132 a way, a means ; there- 
 
 upon. 
 
 twn huang si-cia"; exactly square. toa-tCa 
 
 huang-huang; on an extensive scale. u slm- 
 mih huang-huap ? What way is there of doing 
 it ? kia" huang-pien ; to act as circumstances 
 may render expedient. cie°-se° io huang-pien ; 
 this way is the more convenient. co mih su 
 
 to tieh u huang u huap ; in doing things there 
 must be method. ua huang-chai lai ; I have 
 just come. tang i lai huang ho co su; wait 
 
 till he arrives and then act. huang-kim kai 
 si-sok to si cie°-se°; such are the practices 
 of the present time. ni huang cap-poih ; 
 
 about eighteen years of age. ka kia" u ngi 
 
 huang ; there ia a correct method of training 
 children. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE 9WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 163 
 
 .'>Y huatig 140 Neglected; void; obsolete. 
 JXC' 250 6 cie^-sikaikang-hubuang- 
 
 hui cSi ; work, now-a-days, is very intermittent, 
 tl-bng bo kliu siu-sip huang-huang hui-bui ; 
 the place baa not been put in order and is very- 
 dilapidated, tring kitu ni cng kai buang-so ; 
 tbis year it bas been wboUy unattended to. 
 buang-i'a kai ti-hng ; a wilderness. i ta° ue 
 
 siiu si buang-thang; what be says is utterly 
 untrustworthy. huang ni ; a year of dearth, 
 huang im bo to ; total neglect of duty. h6ng- 
 huang kai si-bau ; in very dull times. 
 
 huang 104 Leprous ; insane. 
 156 9 toa huang ; leprous, 
 
 raua^-buang ; the leprosy, huang-tien ; insane, 
 huang mo°, sau sin ; a maniac. 
 
 © I? huang 163 huang-to ; a district on 
 ^g^r 158 18 the Yangtsze in the east 
 of rfzecbuen, where the fire wells are. huang- 
 to tl-gek ; Topbet. huang-to tai-t\ ; the ruler 
 of Hades. 
 
 ^ huang 130 The space between the 
 ^^ 250 ^ heart and the diaphragm. 
 pe° jip kq-buang bo ieh ho ui ; when the disease 
 enters the vitals no medicine can cure it. 
 
 ^-|* huang 41 To seal up; to inclose in 
 iJ^J 156 6 an envelope ; a seal, 
 huang in, khui in ) to close and open public 
 offices at the end and the beginning of the 
 year. huang mng ; seal up a door. huang 
 phue ; huang tio ; strips pasted across a door, 
 and sealed with a goverment seal, huang cun; 
 to impress a boat. huang sO ; to lock up and 
 seal. cek huang sin ; a sealed epistle. cek 
 huang ngun ; a sealed packet of money, huang 
 mi^-mi"; huang kiu-kin ; sealed tightly. khui 
 huang ; open the seal. huang-tang ; an envel- 
 ope, sai ngvvn huang ngun ; pay out the 
 original parcels of money. ngwn huang put 
 toug ; the original seal bas not been tampered 
 with. ci tie" sin huang h'o ho khap in ; seal 
 and then stamp this letter. 
 
 huang 120 Pongee. 
 IJ/-J 135 "4~ hiiangtia; thick pongee, 
 toa huang ; repped pongee. sie biiang ; fine 
 
 pongee. 
 
 "^n^ "^"fe hiiang-hut Resembling ; seem- 
 1/Kl// 135 inKjJjke. 
 
 buang-hut; somewhat like, thoi" tieb hiiang- 
 hut ; it appears like it. buang-hut chin-chie" 
 si ; it bears a I'esemblance to it. ua hu hue 
 
 thoi" khu huang-hiiang hut-hufc, m tla"; 1 then 
 saw it indistinctly. 
 
 A\^ jKljk, huang-hufc Disturbed ; fluttered ; 
 liUA^ |yu 253 unable to collect one's 
 
 thoughts. 
 
 hiiang-hut, thoi" b6 hie" tia"; being flurried, 
 did not see it distinctly. huang-hiiang hut- 
 hut ai" kliu ti-ko ? Where are you going in 
 such trepidation ? tbia" kbu buang-hut, m 
 
 tia"; listened in a confused way, and was not 
 certain about it. ceng sin hiiang-hut ; all 
 
 in a fluster. 
 
 hiiang 9 To imitate ; to copy after. 
 134 8 huang i ksli ie"; follow his 
 example. hiiang i kai huap ; follow bis rule, 
 huang lai sio c{ti ; it is very exactly copied, 
 biiang ko kai pit i ; delineate it in the ancient 
 style, ci kai biiang lai bo sa" sia"; this has bat 
 a slight resemblance to the pattern. cang ci 
 kai CO ie" pun lu biiang ; I will take this for a 
 model for you to copy. jwn biiang, biiang iIi 
 sio ; howsoever I copy, the copy bears no like- 
 ness to the original, ci pak lie koi biiang; this 
 scroll is easily copied. biiang mong nang kai 
 Ie" lai CO; make it like that of a certain person. 
 
 W 
 
 hiiang 149 To search out ; to inquire 
 pt/^ 134 4 into ; to inform one's self 
 concening. 
 
 biiang-bun i i"-keng lai ; obtained information 
 that he had already arrived. am hiiang ; 
 
 secretly inquire into. tti-pang co pheng-sie" 
 nang kbu am hiiang ; dressed like a common 
 person, and went and secretly examined into 
 the matter. am-ce" khu chip biiang ; secretly 
 pursued and. searched into. che hiiang; to 
 
 search out. khu mua''-ti-ko hiiang bien-jin ; 
 go everywbei'e seeking out the wi.se. ta" i"- 
 keng biiang kau meng-meng peh-peh ; have 
 now by inquiry found out the whole truth, 
 hiiang mng ; inquire about it in order to 
 ascertain the facta. 
 
 "fc^ huang 66 To relax ; to indulge. 
 /fj^ 135 4 lii mai" huang sim ; don't 
 be heedless, i hnang-su cSi ; he is very impu- 
 dent, i si huang-hiiang tang-tSng, bo kii cia"- 
 keng su ; he is very willful and disregards all 
 propriety. 
 
 l^f^ huang 170 To ward oS ; to guard 
 [trj 134 4 against; to provide against; 
 a dike ; a defense. 
 
 ii huang pi ; prepared for. ii huang pi, kio bo 
 huang bo pi, cu m tang ; there is a diiference 
 between being prepared for a thing, and being 
 taken unawares by it. i soi"-soi° cu. cai u- 
 
 huang i ; he took precautions against it long 
 
164 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE BWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 before. cek kok hiiang ki ; lay up grain 
 
 against a time of dearth. toi-huang ; an em- 
 bankment raised a.s an obstruction. siu-sip 
 toi-huang t6 huang-gfl toa ciii ; repair the dikes 
 to keep out the flood. huang huang ; a 
 remedy against colds and flatulence. hai- 
 huang kai su-bu chiet-io ; the business of the 
 coast guard is importart. m cai huang i ; did 
 not take precautions against it. huang ch&k 
 lai thau ; protection from thieves. i ki° hai 
 Id, lu tieh cai huang i; he means to injure you, 
 you must be on your guard against him. hdang 
 Bin kiii ke-hue ; weapons for self-defense. B^i 
 khu huang-tu hu kdi io-khaa ; sent to defend 
 that important pass. 
 
 Mhfiang 10 The female of the phenix, 
 251 9 a fabulous bird whose ap- 
 poaiance indicates great prosperity to the land, 
 hong huang; a pair of phenixes. peh cfo chio 
 huang ; all the birds attend the court of the 
 phenix. hong-huang tJiu chu ; the phenixes 
 
 have arrived here ; the harbingers of good for- 
 tune have come. 
 
 M "m" ? 
 
 To oppose ; an obstacle ; 
 
 impediments, 
 huang-gai tieh i ; lay obstacles in his way. sU 
 phi" bo huang bo gili ; no obstacles in any 
 direction. Id thoi" Q huang a b6 hAang ? 
 
 Do you see any ditBculties in the way? huang 
 chu huang pf ; hindered by this and that, cfa 
 to put huang kai bu; there is no difficulty 
 about this. huang hien go kok; (o oppose 
 
 the worthy is to harass the nation, bo huang 
 a ; BO matter about that. 
 
 huang 106 Exalted; august; impe- 
 
 250 1 rial. 
 
 huang-ti ; the Emperor. huang-ho ; the 
 
 Empress. huang-slang ; His Majesty. thki 
 Biang huang ; the Emperor's (living) father, 
 huang un ; imperial favor. huang thai-cu ; 
 
 the crown prince. huang thi°; high Heaven, 
 gek huang siang-ti ; the highest of the gods. 
 
 huang 142 The locust. 
 
 251 9 huang-thSng ka tlo tlu ; 
 the locusts devour the ript3 grain. 
 
 ^ huang 195 
 ^3& 251 9 
 
 brains. 
 
 The sturgeon. 
 
 hiiang-hd nau ; sturgeon's 
 
 huang 61 Dread, tremor, apprehen- 
 251 9 sion. 
 huang -khi'oug ; fearful, i sim l5i slm si huang- 
 khiong ; his mind was very much perturbed, 
 kia'-huang ; scared. 
 
 hAang 201 A gymnasium. 
 236 18 c\n hxiang-keng; enter col- 
 lege, huang mng siu-sQ ; a literary graduate 
 who haci really earned his degree, not bought it. 
 
 huang 86 A great blaze. 
 251 9 teng cek hui-huang; resplen- 
 dent with lights. 
 
 — hnap — 
 
 huap 85 A law ; a statute ; precepts ; 
 123 5 the rules for or science of; 
 an art ; a code. 
 
 kok huap; national code. lut-hnap; huap< 
 Idt; laws, huap-to ; regulations, huap-cak; 
 set of rules. h6ng huap ; penal laws. 16i 
 huap ; rules of etiquette. i si oi hii huap ; 
 
 he is one who can lay a spell, ci'a cu b6 huap 
 li'o; there is no way of doing this, lai sio" c6k 
 kai huang-huap; think out some means of 
 compassing it. bo huap bd cak cfti c6 tit seng ? 
 Without any method or plan for attaining it, 
 how can it be accomplished ? nan \M siet 
 
 huap ; let us lay a plan, ti sim-mih huap n5 ? 
 In what way can it be done ? cie"-se" cu slang 
 slen huap; this is the very best plan. i k&i 
 huap-lak kau-kh!ang; bis arts are powerful, 
 huap 8ut ; black arts. M thoi" Sng sIm-mih 
 huap lai chii-tx i ? By what means do you 
 think it might be regulated ? hQam huap ; 
 break the rule. ci kai kua' sim si cip huap; 
 this magistrate adheres very closely to the laws. 
 i mih su siu loi siu huap ; in everything he 
 follows the usages and keeps the statutes. 
 chfing \i huap sa" lo tieh long-long hi'o ; the 
 circumstances, the principles, and the rules, must 
 all be understood, hut huap hd pien; Buddhist 
 rules are without limit. chi'a" kai huap-su lai 
 jlo i ; get a professor of the black art to come 
 and exorcise it. cie°-se'' cia" hah huap ; that 
 is according to the rule. cf-ko kai nang iii 
 huap ; the people here revere the laws. i 
 
 kai ka-huap hd ; his instructions are good, 
 ka Ui tit huap; instruct in accordance with 
 the established usage. i khu oh huap ; he has 
 gone to learn how to do the thing. lien i kai 
 pit huap ; learn his style of writing. i kai to 
 huap ho cSi ; his fencing is very fine. th6i'- 
 ki" i ah chut h nap-tie" khii cia' huap ; saw him 
 escorted to the execution ground, to have the 
 law executed upon him. ang kun-huap 
 
 phol"; judged according to military law. cie" • 
 Be" tieh huap ; that is rightly done, i si m pat 
 huap ; he does not know how it should be done, 
 m hio huap, m hi'o lut, theng co ; ignorant of 
 usages and rules, doing almost any way. mio- 
 si uang huap ; contempt of court. i si mio- 
 
DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 165 
 
 hnap cSi, tloh tSng phoi"; he holds the laws in 
 contempt, and nanst be severely dealt with, 
 i cie''-se° bo huap bo liit, tieh cai keng-kai i ; 
 being thus lawless, he must be put under I'os- 
 traint. khut nang ho hau huap ; be a good 
 
 example for others. 
 
 "/ Ik hue 86 Lime ; mortar. 
 /J\. 260 "2' cieh hue ; stone lime. sap 
 
 hue ; lime made fi'om shells. no ie" hue ti ie" 
 ho ? Which of these two kinds of lime is the 
 better ? ceng hue chie"; pound a chunam 
 
 wall. liam hue ; plaster with mortar. hue 
 kun ; cement. thang-Su-hne ; putty. thai iu° 
 hue ; sifted lime. kai min kai hue ; the 
 
 plaster on the surface. cang hue lai p6 ; take 
 mortar and mend it. hue tho-kak ; bricks 
 
 made from lime and clay. hue lo ; a chunan 
 road. hue tia"; an area made with chunam. 
 
 phah hue khu ; make a chunam mortar for 
 pounding rice. hue-tiig a co cieh-po ; make it 
 appear by argument that pieces of old chunam 
 walls are stones. pii^-lo hue ; betel nut lime, 
 eaten with siri leaf. ko buk, si hue ; utterly 
 dead to ; like a decayed tree or long slaked 
 lime. simhue; no desire for; disheartened, 
 sim m hue ; my desire is unfulfilled. 
 
 hue 140 A flower ; flowered ; or- 
 
 239 ~4~ namented. 
 cek liii hue; a flower, cek cang hue; a flower- 
 ing plant. cek ki hue ; a branch bearing 
 flowers. mia° hue; a celebrated flower. hue 
 hah ; petals. hue sim ; the pistil. hue chiu ; 
 Btameus. hue lili ; sepals. hue hS,m liii ; a 
 bud. eng hue ; ak hue ; water the flowers, 
 tiah cek pe hue ; phick a nosegay. hue mia" 
 cheh ; a roll of the employes or clerks. hue 
 mia"; an alias. khui hue ; to blossom. b6- 
 hue-kue chiu ; a fig tree. po hue ; sterile 
 flowers. chah hue ; wear flowers in the hair, 
 hue cam ; ornamental hair pins. hue ngan, 
 kha gii ; figures of speech. hue hue kong-cu ; 
 a young rake. hue hue si-kai ; a thoughtless 
 age. hue hiii jieh coi ci"-nguiQ ? How much 
 money has he squandered ? hue koi, Hu 
 hang ; illuminated streets. si i kai hue kia"; 
 it is a child whose birth he foretold. thoi" 
 hue teng ; transparencies. hue long gueh 
 mSu"; pretty faces, thien hue ; the small pox. 
 mak hue ; mak-ciu hue ; the sight blurred. 
 hue chau ; flowered. hue jl ; figured. p6 lu 
 bI ai" u hue-chau kai a si ai" so kai ? Do you 
 want flowered or plain cloth ? ci khi chau- 
 chieh kai hue-ji I'o ngia ; the figures in this sort 
 of matting are prettier. cam hue ; stick 
 flowers in the cap of one who has married his 
 
 betrothed, or succeeded in hia degree. hue 
 
 chie"; a florist. phah hue mIn ; paint the face 
 for acting. hue-theng ; a brothel. i kai pit 
 hue t<5 khui ; he is a very accomplished scholar, 
 ue hue ; paint flowers. chiah hue ; darn in 
 
 flowers. siu hue ; to embroider. eng ch&ng- 
 pha" khu CO hue-hah ; make the petals of pith- 
 paper, boi cek tiii hue-thaa skng i ; buy a pair 
 of clusters of flowers for the head and present 
 them to her. hue-puah ; flower pots. hue- 
 kng ; flower jars, hue-kang; vases, hue-hng; 
 flower gardens, hue-g^ ; wood carvings, kia" 
 hue, cui gueh ; reflections of scenery in water ; 
 evanescent beauty. hue ti ; a florist's garden. 
 mi"-hue ; raw cotton. ci chu bo hue, pat chu 
 chai ; if there are no flowers here, go elsewhere 
 to gather them ; if this place does not suit you, 
 .seek another, hue na ; flowered baskets, n'g- 
 phang chai hue ; the bees flit from flower to 
 flower. cu si cek ki hue ; pretty as a flower, 
 a i cek ki hue ki ; snatch a branch of his 
 flowers; take advantage of his profits. thui 
 
 hue mong l&i hp cSi ; he plays his part as an 
 acrobat well. to hue phah lai hp cSi ; the 
 
 figures he draws with his sword in fencing are 
 very fine. sin hue-chau ; a new style of 
 
 ornamentation. phang hue boi ang, ang hue 
 boi phang ; fragrant flowers are not brilliant, 
 and brilliant flowers are scentless. hue tieh 
 
 ka-ki khui kai cia° ii eng, peh i khui kai bd 
 eng ; flowers that have themselves blossomed 
 are useful, those that have been picked open 
 are not. i si lai to hue-chau kai ; he comes 
 
 just to pass away the time. ham i mai° t(5 
 
 chiie hue-chau; tell him not to spend his time 
 in merely amusing himself. khut nS,ng chia" 
 khu ciah hue ciu ; has been invited to a libid- 
 inous entertainment. 
 
 ill*, hue 86 Fire; flame; exciting humors; 
 X V 265 fever; urgent, 
 hiie-me"; a spark. hue-me''-ko; a firefly, 
 
 hue-iam ; a blaze. hue-cih ; flames. hiie- 
 thoa"; charcoal. hue-cha; cu-lai-hiie ; lucifer 
 matches. hiie-hu ; ashes. hue-cieh ; flint, 
 hiie to ; a steel for igniting tinder. hue-hla"; 
 tinder. hiie-ceng ; live coals. htie-sai ; cin- 
 ders, hue toh ; the fire burns. hue kue ; the 
 fire has gone out. hue me"; the fire is a hot 
 
 one. hue mang ; a slow fire. hue-thau ; a 
 cook, a scullion, hue-khi ; caloric, tien-htie ; 
 lightning. in-hiie; fire-works. sie in-hue ; 
 to let off fire-works, hiie-suh ; rockets, hiie- 
 s§ng ; a large fire-cracker, hiie-thang; a piece 
 of fire-works resembling a fountain, htie-pau ; 
 a torpedo, hue-kwn; a bomb-shell, hiie-ci"; a 
 fiery dart, hiie-ieh; ammunition, hue-iu; coal- 
 
166 
 
 DICTIONABT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 oil. hi5e-cng; a fire- wheel. se" hue ; inflam- 
 mable, koi-koi ciah hiio ; ignites easily, toh 
 hue; to set on fire, hue seng; the fire flares up. 
 hu-hiJe; febrile, sit hue; has a fever, sira-hiie; 
 internal heat. kua" hiie ; inflaraation of the 
 
 liver, htie-pe; a torch, hue-thiia; soot, hde- 
 in ; smoke, khi hiie; to build a fire, hue se"; 
 irrascible. mai" khah se° hde-se"; do not bo 
 too hot-tempered. tl-k5 sit hiie? Where did it 
 catch fire? lai khu kiu hiie; let us go and 
 
 help put out the fire, phah hue 16 ; tear down 
 buildings to prevent the spread of fire. kla' 
 hiielo; to walk the fiery road, as a spirit- 
 medium does, hue chiam ; an urgent dispatch, 
 ue ta" Wi khah se° hue-khi ; spoke with too 
 much heat. i kfli hue-khi toa cJli ; his temper 
 is very hot. i ni-hue l^u h'o, tho hiie, tho kaa 
 ta" cng kai b6 hiiu-klii ; as he advanced in years 
 his temper became more even, and now he is 
 not at all testy, hiie-kng ; bellows. eie hiie ; 
 Set on fire with a burning glass. hiie-che"; 
 
 the planet Mars. hiie phuah me" c6 ; fan the 
 fire and make it burn hotter. hiie-sok ; at 
 
 great speed. hiie-cng ; to cremate, hwt hiie- 
 pu; a beacon light, hde ho ; a signal made by 
 a light. teng-n&ng hue ho ; a signal lantern, 
 khieh khu hiie t6ng hue ; put it in the fire and 
 burn it up. ut hue ; smothered heat. piin 
 hue ; to blow the tire, piiii kiie hue ; blow out 
 the light. hue-cih ioh-ioh-sih ; the flame 
 
 flickers. hiie-cih phu khi Ifti ; the flames are 
 rising. mai" khut hue-stii phiin tieh ; do not 
 get hit by the cinders. thi° loh hue ; thi" t<5 
 t6h hue ; a burning sky. khieh khu hue-thoa" 
 t6i pA kku ang-&ng ; put it among the coals 
 and heat it red hot. hue-lak toa cfti ; the heat 
 is intense, khang l6-kui° kai hue siang u lak ; 
 blow up the fire in the furnace, with the fixed 
 bellows, until the fire is at its hottest. bo 
 
 hue" bo che", co-ni kSa° lo ; how can we travel 
 when we have neither starlight nor lantern- 
 light, chut chui cu cek pe hue; his words were 
 like a torch. cieh hue ; to warm one's self by 
 a tire, pue hue ; to dry by a fire, hue-thang; 
 a brazier. hiah hue; let the fire go out. thd 
 tio hiie-klu ; diminish the heat, lu mai" cang 
 th^u-mo° khu chih hiie ; do not go so near the 
 fire as to singe your hair, hiie jii phah jii toh ; 
 the more you stir the fire harder it burns. ci 
 le" mueh io sia hue ; this is a cooling stuff, ci 
 Xe" cheng sim-hue ; this kind dissipates internal 
 heat, i no n^ng ju ciii kx° hue; the two are like 
 fire and water meeting. hue cih ci tieh ; the 
 
 flames licked it up. cang hue nS; singe it in the 
 flame. khut hiie sie tio khu; was burned up. 
 ci kai huaug-16 khah hip hiie, m thong hiie ; 
 this earthen stove is stufEed up, and does not 
 
 draw well. ta clijl m h(J kttii hue ; dry wood 
 should not be kept near the tiro. kiii-hiie ; a 
 jivck-o-lantern. sin-hue; a mysterious light; 
 a wilUo-the-wisp. hiie swn ; a sparkling gem. 
 hiio-cfo ; a flying cinder. hiie-pa,i ; a tablet 
 
 giving notice of an official visit. hiie-sit; the 
 mess-room; the cook-house. hia"-hue; put fuel 
 on the fire, kai gAeh eng jieh coi ci" cha hiie ? 
 What is the expense per month for fuel and 
 lights ? hue hau kku ; it has been long enough 
 at the fire. hue-Id ; a grate ; a stove. khieh 
 thih-ki", khu koih hiie; take the tongs and nip 
 up some tire. hue ku ; the things used about 
 tho fire. hiio khang; a brick platform, 
 
 warmed by a flue, and used as a bed. im hiie, 
 iang hiie; a concealed fire or an open fire, 
 bun bii hiie ; a fire partly concealed, and partly 
 exposed. cang hiie lai un ; take fire and. 
 
 scorch it over, hang hde ; hang it by the fire. 
 ihk hiie ; to poke the tire. cang thih-sioh l&i 
 tha i kai hiie-thoa" sang-lftng ; take the poker 
 and loosen the coals so as to admit the air. 
 kak pang hiie k6 sie tio; throw it in the tire 
 and burn it up. thai n&ng, p^ng hiie ; murder 
 and arson. pang hue kfti n&ng; the incendi- 
 ary, hiie m sie sua", tl tu pui ; ground that 
 has not been burned over is not fertile. m6ng 
 k6 cau hiie-cai, sie si jieh c5i nang ; there has 
 been a great fire in a certain place, and many 
 people were burned to death. cui hue bd 
 
 n&ng-chdng ; water and fire have no humanity, 
 kek hue ; a smothered fire. khut hiie sie p6" 
 khu ; burned to the ground, cin kim put pha* 
 hiio, lien ku la sio-sih ; pure gold does not fear 
 the fire, yet if it is long in the crucible it loses 
 a little. me°-me hiie" cha-khi-lai cia" hp ciah ; 
 fry it over a very hot fire and then it will be 
 toothsome. hiie jiet-jiet; very hot flames. 
 
 hie°-hue to ; a little bag holding incense ashes, 
 worn as a charm, ciang-cu hong-sQ hie°-hue ; 
 the eldest son kindles the incense sticks, hiie 
 chia ; a steam car. hue cun ; hiie hun cun ; 
 
 hiie lun cun ; a steamboat. thien hue ; thi" 
 
 hiie ; a thunderbolt. ci ie" ch& io uah hue ; 
 
 this sort of wood burns well, ci Ie" ch& m uah 
 hiie ; this sort of wood burns badly, eng hiie- 
 gu-tin phua i ; made use of a file of oxen, hav- 
 ing knives fastened to their horns and torches 
 to their tails, to break their ranks, thia" tieh, 
 cek to hiie ; when I heard it I was filled with 
 rage. tieh cai lau hiie-ceng ; you must 
 
 remember to save some fire for kindling again, 
 hiie kuang ; the effulgence of a blaze. mki' 
 
 khah kue hiie; do not keep it too long at the 
 fire. m-hp khah cx° hiie, ia m-hp khah sek 
 
 hiie ; do not cook it either too little or too 
 much, lui hiie; electricity passing from the 
 
DICTIONA.ET OF THB BWATOW DULKCT. 
 
 167 
 
 earth to the clouds; a stroke of lightning, hde 
 uang-uang-kie ; the fire sputters ; the sound of 
 muttering flames. hiie hu-hu-kie ; the fire 
 
 roars; a low heavy sound of devouring flames, 
 ceng-iu hiie ; cleansing fires. 
 
 Aj^ hue 9 Furniture ; goods ; gear ; a 
 j/V 255 4 comrade. 
 
 ke-hiie ; implements, ke-hiie co-pu khieh Ifti ; 
 bring your tools with you. ke-hiie raueh-kia"; 
 gear, toa ke-hiie kai nang ; one having much 
 household property, i oi co ke-kiie ; she accu- 
 mulates property. lien ke-hiie ; a tried weap- 
 on, hue-tie"; a mate, on a foreign ship. toa- 
 hue, ji-hiie ; chief mate and second mate, nan 
 lai hah hiie; let us mess together, tiang-si ai° 
 jlp hue ? When are you going to move in to 
 that house? chut hue; to move out the 
 
 household stuff. 
 
 hue 36 A comrade ; a colleague ; a 
 
 255 11 crony, 
 hxie-ki ; a partner. nan l&i cp hue-ki ; let us 
 go into partnership, hiie-ki coi, oh co su; the 
 interested parties being many, it is difficult to 
 transact business. hah-hue ; a crony. ci kai 
 ei i t&ng hue kA,i chak ; these are his fellow 
 thieves. sa° iii ai" chii kai co-ngwn cu u, sa" 
 ni ai° chap kai ho hiie-ki cu bo ; if you want a 
 senior wrangler, there is one to be had once in 
 three years, but if you want a good partner, it 
 is not in every three years that one is to be 
 found. 
 
 hue 61 To repent ; to be dissatisfied 
 263 7 with one's own conduct, 
 hiie-koi ; amend. mai° e-jit sle"-siu-hiie ; do 
 not regret it hereafter. kau S.u-lai sie"-8iu- 
 
 hue le khah chi ; though you should change 
 your mind afterward, it would be too late. 
 Su cu hvvn hiie; afterward returned to his for- 
 mer state of mind. au hue mok kip ; repen- 
 tance will then be beyond your reacli. 
 
 hue 159 A class ; a sort ; a sign of 
 
 670 8 the plural. 
 ISu hue tieh co kau pun h5u-se" hue ho 6h le"; 
 the old must so act as to be an example to the 
 young. kun-cu hue kai cp su kio sio-jin hue 
 m tang; the conduct of the cultured is unlike 
 that of the unlearned, tong-h&u hiie kai sim- 
 tng kio khek-poh hiie kai, siang li lifig ; the 
 mind of the faithful is very remote from that 
 of the insincere. ta-po hiie cp ta-po hue, cu- 
 nie hue cp cu-nie hiie ; let men be men and wo- 
 men be women. nia a-no"-kia° hue mai° pln- 
 pong-kie ; children, do not make a noise. toa 
 hue tieh cai ka i ; their elders must teach them. 
 
 m-pat hiie tieh khu rang pat hiie; those who do 
 not know must go ajid inquire of those who do 
 know, oi hiie tieh ka boi hue ; the competent 
 must teach the incompetent. cp seng-li hiie 
 
 si cp seng-li hijo kai ie°, cph-chang hiie si cph- 
 chfing hiie kai io"; traders have a certain style 
 of their own, and agriculturalists a style peculiar 
 to themselves. lu thoi" sai-kok hiie kai nftng 
 ho a tang-ie' hiie kai nang ho ? Which do you 
 consider the better the people of western or of 
 eastern lands ? 
 
 hiie 149 To teach ; to admonish ; 
 P"^ 264 7 counsel, 
 ka-hiie ; instruct, ka-hiie i kai kia"-tl ; teaches 
 her children. i kai ti-cu to si cun i kai ka- 
 
 hiie ; his pupils respect his instruction. la 
 
 iong hiie ira, bwu chang hue tSu ; ogling looks 
 invite to wantonness and carelessness induces 
 thieving. 
 
 At^ hue 21 To alter ; transmute ; change ; 
 I U 240 2 transform, 
 cau-hue ; incidentally. theng-cSu-hue ; as it 
 may chance. cSa-hiie cSi ; fortunately, lu ho 
 c5u-hue; you are very lucky, m jip liang hiie; 
 uncivilized. hu kai ti-hng m jip uang hiie ; 
 
 that country does not become civilized, kam- 
 hue nang kai sim; convert people's minds, ka- 
 hiie ; change by instruction, sio-hiie khu; dis- 
 solved, boi hiie; unchangable. cia si hiie 
 se" kai mueh-kia"; this is a thing which is 
 produced by its own metamorphoses. i 6i 
 
 pien-hiie ; it is transformable. hiie co p^t 
 
 niiieh ; change into something else. ki"-tieh 
 hiie cu ie^-hiie khu ; if exposed to the fire it 
 melts. hue ciia ci"; to burn mock money, 
 
 tng thi° sie hiie ; burned in the open air. hiie 
 sin; burn a priest's corpse. mp° hiie; beg for 
 Buddhist temples or priests. ciah lio oh sio 
 hiie ; it is difficult of digestion. koi-hue ; to 
 alter. 
 
 hiie 77 The revolution of the sea- 
 
 827 9 sons ; age. 
 lu jieh coi hue ? How old are you ? i kiii 
 
 hiie ? How many years old is he ? i cia" sa" 
 hiie; he is just three. ciah kau no peh hue; 
 lived to be two hundred years old. i kai ni- 
 hiie 10 coi ; he is very old. cek hue cek hiie 
 to m cai ISu ; as the time passes we are not 
 conscious of becoming old. i kai ni-hiie io 
 
 khin, bfle pat; he has not lived many years, 
 and does not yet know. no n&ng pe"-pe" coi 
 hiie ; the two are of the same age. kau cek-e 
 u ni-hiie cii cp m lai ; when you are old you 
 cannot do it. i io oi khng hiie ; he does not 
 show his age. sa° hiie php no ; had two child- 
 
168 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 ren in three years, pet hue tdng; an honorary 
 tablet to a centenarian. thoi" tSeh chin-chle" 
 m kheng cie" coi hue-sia"; he looks much older 
 than that, i kai nl-hue io cf"; he looks young. 
 
 hue 154 Goods ; wares ; merchandize. 
 
 256 4 hue-rnueh coi cSi ; a great 
 quantity of merchandize. ci kai hiie fo h(5 ; 
 
 these wares are better. ci k&i hue io chu, tftk 
 m tit ke ci°; these wares are of inferior quality, 
 and are not worth more than that, i hia hd 
 kai hue lii boi ce lai ; buy some of his best 
 wares. b6i hue, b5i hiio to s! eng i; both in 
 buying and in selling, they always employ 
 him. ci !e° hue fo kiii ; this sort of goods is 
 
 dearer. ki" boi phi° k&i hue tieh tang e-jlt ; 
 if you wish to buy cheaper goods you must 
 wait till another time, i t<5 khui c&p-hue-ph6; 
 he keeps a variety store. lai khu thoi" slru- 
 mih hue-sek ; let's go and see what wares there 
 are. i kui hiie tun kau c5i-coi ; his wares 
 
 are piled in great quantities. kak k6 kak kp 
 kai hue ; each place has its own wares. cang 
 hue khu ing; went and hypothecated his 
 goods. than ciii hue; the best quality of the 
 goods. hiiam hiie to ii hue min khah hue 
 
 toi ; of every sort of goods the best are put 
 on the outside. chut hiie jip hiie to si kua i 
 che ; the goods that go out and come in all 
 pass under his inspection. khi hiie, 16h hue 
 li si 5ng hu k&i ; for landing the goods and 
 for shipping tiiem, they always make use of 
 that. hue kfe ci'ang tiet s! tue hang ch§ng; 
 
 the price of goods rises and falls according to 
 the market. hiie-kha ; hue-tai ; hue-toi ; the 
 garblings. cua" hiic; poor, cheap goods; a bad 
 lot. au hue ; spoiled goods ; a bad person, 
 
 kiani hiie ; salt stores ; a good lot of merchand- 
 ize, khi hiie ; a rare article. ci cek cng hiie 
 much ; the goods brought at tliis trip. ci cek 
 pua° hiie boi hii phi"; the goods brought this 
 voyage were cheaply bought. t6a hiie khu 
 
 gua chu boi ; take wares to sell in an- 
 other place. eng i ah ci c^k cai hiie khji ; 
 employ them to convoy this cargo. ci ciah 
 cun si cai hiie kai, rh si to cun ; this is a cargo, 
 not a passenger boat. pang-i bo hd hue ; low 
 priced goods are never of fine quality. sua" 
 hue pho ; a shop whei*e wooden wares are sold, 
 siu chara-chiii hiie ; buy goods at retail; collect 
 by buying in small quantities. 
 
 hue 72 Obscui'e ; misty. 
 
 263 7 c6k rain cng kai hiie-khi; one 
 side is all dark. b6 sek-cek, sim si am-hvie ; 
 there is no luminosity, and it is very obscure. 
 8a"-c&p kie-cp hiie-jlt; on the thirtieth there is 
 no moon. 
 
 M 
 
 m 
 
 hOo 162 To bend around and retam. 
 
 262 6 hue-pi; get out of the way. 
 bd ko hd hue-pl ; no place wherein to get out of 
 the way. sok-ce" hiie-pl ; make no noise, and 
 keep out of the way. 
 
 hue 80 hfie-sle"; a Buddhist priest. 
 
 254 6 hiie-sle° pia" i7i ka' clah ; one 
 does not dare partake of a priest's luncheon, 
 hue-sle" sie phah, sie ming pi"; it is a story of 
 Buddhist priests beating each other and pull- 
 ing each other's queues ; it is a made up story. 
 huo°-8le" b6 seng-lf, thiah am I6ng-ua° khi ; 
 wh(m priests have no profitable occupation, 
 they tear down and rebuild their temples. 
 
 1 *^ 1 hfte 140 Fennel or caraway. 
 
 |HJ 262 6' hue-hie"; dill. toa hQe ; 
 
 fennel, sie hiie ; caraway. 
 
 0hfle 8J To revert ; return ; a revolu- 
 261 8 tion ; a time, 
 ai" hue ke ; is going home, hiie-tng khii chii ; 
 returned homo. hue kp s\n khut i ; send back 
 an answer to his letter, cih tIeh i kai hue cu ; 
 received his written reply. Q hue ji a bo ? Is 
 there an answer to the note ? cle" cek hue ; 
 
 the previous time. ci hiie si sira-mih ni-hau ? 
 What time is it now? kim hu-kp ku-a hue; 
 went there many times, hu hue, lu hwn-lio io 
 poi ; at that time, you were still rather small, 
 i Ifii kiie sa" hAe ngo hue ; he has been here 
 again and again. m hd ke hue; do not do it 
 again, i i"-keng liQe sim tng i; he has already 
 changed his mind. hue-tng lai lio ; has re- 
 
 turned, i cp-ni hue tap ? What is his reply ? 
 lii khu lio, si cp-ni, lai Ime-hok ua cai ; after 
 having gone, whatever the result, return and 
 bring me word. kk\i cie" kii hwn-lio bQe tl 
 
 hiie im ; after this long delay, there is still no 
 response. khu i kp hue pai ; go and return 
 
 his visit. lai hue jieh coi ph6 Io ? How far is 
 it there and back ? tang lia hue lai, cia" lai 
 
 sng; wait till I come back, then we will reckon, 
 jlo i hue-l&i ; run after him and bring him back, 
 hiie sie" h^ tiang-sl kai su cQ si to mak c6i°; 
 when I recall that it seems as if it were present, 
 khng-koi kku i k^i sim hiie ; expostulate with 
 him until his mind reverts to better ways, hiie 
 than si ngSi ; turn your head, and there is the 
 shore ; there is yet room for repentance, hiie-tng 
 thau khu thdi"; turn the head and look behind, 
 khang chin hiie lai ; came back empty handed, 
 ci hiie ; this occasion. hue Idi ; reciprocate a 
 politeness ; return a present. hiie-hfie kk ; 
 
 Mohammedanism. huang a hue lam ; the 
 
 wind is verging to the south. i lai u hph coi 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 169 
 
 liiie Ho ; he has been here a great many times. 
 i kbub nang me" Ho bo hde chui ; after being 
 scolded, he says nothing. hue chia khu phah 
 i } struck back. tieh u kai nang to hue ue ; 
 there must be some one to interpret. siu hGe 
 png ci"; received back the original sum. 
 
 hue 73 To assemble ; to convene ; to 
 264 T meet with ; a club ; to know 
 after being informed. 
 
 htie-tng ; a hall where meetings are held. cu- 
 hue ; to congregate. hue-c6i-c6i lio ; all are 
 assembled. hue-coi co-pu khu ; meet and go 
 in a body, cf kai nang chin-chie" pat hue mln 
 kue; it seems as if I had seen this person 
 before. m pat sie hue ; never met him before, 
 hue kheh ; return a visit, , pai-hue ; to visit 
 and make up a quarrel ; to enter a society or 
 organization. jtp i kai hue ; enter this asso- 
 ciation, hue-hui ; conspiritors. se hue kS,i tl- 
 hng ; the provincial metropolis. hd ki-hue ; a 
 good opportunity. seng ci kai ki- hue ; take 
 advantage of this opportunity. biie li ki-hue; 
 have not yet an opportunity. cng kai b6 ki- 
 hue ; have no favorable chance. i chap u cek 
 pang hue^ he has associated himself with a 
 society, la" sin sai hue; go in procession, carry- 
 ing the gods. hue siu ; hue th&u ; the mana- 
 ger of a club, tang lai li-hue cheng-ehd ; wait 
 till all get together and complete an arrange- 
 ment. th6i°-ki'' cie"-se'' cu hue i ; on seeing 
 this I understood. 
 
 htte 22 To di'aw upon, as for funds. 
 
 263 11 huetoa";hi3e phie ; a draft 
 or check. hiie ngun ; to draw money, hue- 
 tie°-toa° lai ci-ko siu ; present your letter of 
 credit here. nin kai nguu ai° hue khu tl-ko ? 
 Where do you wish to draw your money ? un 
 ki° hue lai tie-ciu ; we wish to draw it in 
 Swatow. hfie cp tie°-toa'' hfii" ua ; pay me by 
 an order on the bank. hue lue kek ; a bank, 
 of kai toa° ai" hue khut li-liang? In whose 
 favor is this order to be written ? 
 
 — hue" — 
 
 hfie" 76 Crosswise ; athwart j trans- 
 236 12 verse ; horizontal, 
 pang hue"; place it crosswise. khia ka-ne* 
 
 hue ; carry it horizontally, hue" ueh, tit fteh ; 
 the horizontal strokes and the perpendicular 
 strokes. hue°-hue° tit- tit hph coi tio ; of both 
 the upright ones and the transverse ones, there 
 are a great number of bars. i kai jl sia Ifti, 
 
 hue" si hue", tit si tit ; his writing is in right 
 Hnes, the horizontal lines are horizontal, and 
 the perpendicular are perpendicular. h\ie"- 
 
 chua; askew, hue" koi ; a cross street, hflo' 
 hang; the lane that runs at right angles. tt 
 kiii teng hue" to ? How many ferries are there 
 to cross ? pai hue"; arrange transversely. 
 
 hue"-sia ; cris-cross. cua tieh li tit m h<5 
 
 IV hue"; must tear the paper lengthwise, not 
 crosswise. hio-hue"; cross-grained. cd 
 
 su khah hue"-pa ; does things too. perversely. 
 hue"-hue" pk-pa ; truculent. hue°-se" t^-sua"; 
 a cross presentation at birth. hue" kia"; go 
 
 counter to. h^e" kia" ti e ; go athwart every- 
 thing, ctu hue" hua; meet unexpected 
 calamity. i k^i mln so" hue" nek ; he looks 
 mulish. hue" si toa kue tit si; he is broader 
 tlian he is long. 
 
 V^ hue" 76 A cross-piece, rung, or brace, 
 I P4 859 13 holdingvertical bars in place, 
 siah cek ki \ki cp htie"; hew out one strip for a 
 cross-piece. min-chiig hfle"; cross-pieces 
 
 bracing the legs of a bedstead. pak no ki 
 
 hue" kai 13.i cp hue"; fasten two horizontal slats 
 as crossbars. lang-kang hue"; the cross bars 
 of a balustrade. i phak to lang-kang hue" kd 
 iam ; she leaned on the baluster, peering over. 
 i° hue"; rungs of a chair. 
 
 — hueh — 
 
 w^ hueh 143 Blood ; bloody. 
 JllL 230 tang hueh-mSh; of one 
 blood, ci hueh ; to staunch blood. sit hueh ; 
 to lose blood. hueh-khi thio-hua; a healthy 
 circulation. ci ie" raueh phua hueh ; this 
 
 depletes the blood. p6 hueh ; to enrich the 
 
 blood, khu tio u hueh ; let off the extravasated 
 blood. hueh lau in cii eng ieh ak i cii ; if 
 
 the flow of blood does not cease, make use of 
 medicine to stop it. lau tio i k&i hueh; shed his 
 blood. se" hueh-kp ; clots form in the blood, 
 hueh kdn kp; the blood coagulates. hueh 
 
 ctii ; the serum of the blood. hueh kit phi; 
 
 the blood forms a scab. hueh 16 ; the course 
 of the blood, hueh kiia" kai ci"; money earned 
 by hard toil. hueh png; capital in trade, 
 
 hueh cu; a blood letter, an application for relief 
 at the last extremity. hueh-kiet ; a dry red 
 resin used as a pigment. phui hueh ; to spit 
 blood. tho hueh ; to vomit blood, au hueh ; 
 to raise blood. l^u phi"-khang hueh ; bleed 
 at the nose. pang hueh ; have dysentery, 
 
 hueh m thio ; the blood does not circulate, 
 ii hueh ciah ; has stains of blood upon it. 
 hueh-bd thia"; pains after childbirth. cek 
 
 hueh ; accumnlated blood. cnh tio tak hneh; 
 suck out the poisoned blood. ci kia" raiieh 
 
 put tftng 6i khu u-hueh, ju-chia" 6i se" sin 
 hneh ; this stufE not only dissipates extravasated 
 
170 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DULKCT. 
 
 blood but it also produces new blood. o cbo' 
 kek hueh ; a blood blister, chng kau bueh-cu 
 19.U ; probed so as to draw a drop of blood, 
 bueh ko ; be has litttle blood. hueh Idng ; hia 
 blood is rich. hueh cheng ; his blood is poor, 
 chi" hueh; fresh blood. hueh sua" pang; 
 
 flooding. hueh do"; a red palm ; a bright 
 
 color in the,palm. tham phui chut ISi toa 
 
 hueh si ; there are flocks of blood in the mucous 
 which he raises. hueh tiara ; specks of blood, 
 hiii-iong k&i pe" ii si a l&ng hueh tui chiii chut 
 iSi ; when abscesses have formed in the lungs, 
 bloody pus is sometimes expelled through the 
 mouth. hueh cua; a disease supposed to be 
 caused by a red worm in the blood. hu-k6 cek 
 tieh, hueh cu rli kia"; where there is congestion 
 the blood does not flow. ei h;ieh ; motionless 
 blood, hueh-liu; a bloody tumor, i kai min 
 se" hueh-kun c6k tio c6k tio ang-ftng; the 
 veins stand out on his face, cgk chiii hueh cu 
 thun loh khu; swallowed his wrath, klu k^a 
 th6 hueh ; boiling with rage, ce klu hfa hueh 
 cu bu ; as soon as ho is angered he vents his 
 wrath. nidk khau kau chut hueh ; cried 
 
 till his tears turned to blood. Iftn khf hueh ; 
 bleeding gums. chit k6ng chut hueh ; bleeds 
 at the seven orifices of the head. i k&i 
 
 chin hueh-meh khi thdi", si nftng chit k6ng cU 
 6i chut hueh ; when his blood relations went 
 to look upon him, the corpse bled at the ears, 
 eyes, nose and mouth. kuah kau hueh lua 
 
 hueh tih ; cut it so that it bled. j\o kau i hueh 
 l&u-lau ; scratched him so that the blood ran. 
 
 — hui — 
 
 hui 70 To revolve ; to move in an 
 
 821 7 orbit, 
 hui pua"; a wind wheel. i oi li-li hui, li-li 
 
 hui; it keeps turning round and round, phah 
 hui ; cause to revolve by tapping. in ce kek i 
 cU 5i hui; when the steam impels it, it revolves. 
 
 hui 159 Refulgent ; glistening. 
 260 8 teng cek kuang-hui ; 
 lights are brilliant. 
 
 the, 
 
 mMt hui 
 
 200 
 
 J^^ 261 
 
 4 
 
 his banner. 
 
 
 cavalry. 
 
 
 •ftp hui 
 
 88 
 
 UU 137 
 
 8 
 
 A standard ; to signal. 
 
 tfi,u to i hui e; enrolled undet 
 
 cl-hui pia°-be ; signal to the 
 
 wivea 
 
 of a 
 
 The secondary 
 
 monarch. 
 
 ho hui ; royal women next the queen. kui 
 
 hui ; your royal highnesses, uang hui; thai-cii 
 hui ; the wife of the heir-apparent, keng hui ; 
 imperial concubines. hui pin ; ladies-in. 
 
 waiting. 
 
 hui 64 To move the hand briskly. 
 
 260 9 hui 86i ; wash by dabbing, 
 ci'-hui ; to move the hand about as in pointing, 
 hui kim ju th6 ; hands out money as if it were 
 dirt. cek hui ju cia ; at one stroke of the pen 
 it is done, cf-hui kun-sO; a director ; a certain 
 oflicer at Peking. hu hua" nftiig to si thia" i 
 cf-hui ; they all follow his directions. 
 
 113 A ticket ; a certificate. 
 6 tfig-hui; a pawn-ticket, tng 
 phah tie" hui 
 
 ^Hr bui 
 :?T^ 684 
 
 hui ; to renew a pawn-ticket. 
 khut i ; wrote out a certificate and gave it to 
 him. hui mln co-ni sia? What is written 
 
 on the certificate ? nie hui ; a receipt 
 
 for taxes. 
 
 Jet hoi 175 An adverb of negation ; not 
 !7"P 136 Bo. 
 
 hdk st hdk hui, lu kio lia ta'; whether it be so 
 or not, tell me. si plen si, hui plen hui, bo 
 
 hwn-hwn hok-hok ; let your yea be yea, and 
 your nay be nay, without vacillation or varia- 
 tion, mki" khu jia rI hui; do not go and excite 
 discussion about it. hui-jien ; certainly not. 
 kio nftiig cp cek tie" si hui ; involve people in a 
 dispute. k6i-k^ si hui ; set at variance. l&i 
 Bueli sl-hui cia, plen-sl sl-hui n4ng ; he who 
 gossips is a gossip. pit hui b6 in ; is surely 
 
 not without a cause. m6k hui si lii ; it is 
 
 certainly you. ai" co kAu cie"-8e" hui koi ; to 
 make it like that is not easy. hui bun kfti 
 
 su mai" chap ; what does not appertain to your 
 functions that do not enter upon. cie -se' 
 
 hui si bo tp-U ; that is not without reason on 
 its side. cia. pu, hui si kia" m khu ; it is quite 
 possible to carry forward this business. hui 
 loi ; improper. png hui fi i ; unintentional, 
 bo hui si i ; it cannot be other than he. tA hui 
 tieh mong nftng klm tk", i cia" hau"; if this 
 person and none other goes and tells him about 
 it, be will consent. 
 
 0hui 81 To turn in a horizontal plane. 
 261 3 hui-tng sin ; to turn the 
 body. hui-tng than ; to turn the head, hui 
 kiie lai ; turn it around this way. hui kue 
 
 khu ; turn it around the other way. ciii hui- 
 to-tng ; the current sents backward. 
 
 hui 86 Gray. 
 
 260 2 hui sek ; gray, cng-hoi tin ; 
 pongee, hui-sek jio-se ; gray figured silk. 
 
 hui 124 The kingfisher. 
 14!0 8 hui-chui-gek ; chrysoprase. 
 hui-chui do ; the blue and green kingfisher. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 17X 
 
 -||g^ hiii 24 Herbs ; plants. 
 y I 263 "3" i mia°.ke ue liue-liui ; he is 
 ekillful in tlie delineation of plants. lu ^i" 
 
 n&ng-kiV krii h(5, a si hue-hui kai h6 ? Do you 
 like those with human figures pictured on 
 them, or those with shrubs ? 
 
 hui 53 To abandon ; to set aside ; to 
 J^ 138 12 cast away, 
 hiii tic i kui ke-ngiap ; abandoned his property, 
 huikhu; thrown aside. co hiii mueh kio 
 
 i boi ; buy it as a cast off article. hui-hai 
 
 kai hue-mueh; worthless damaged goods, hiii 
 si sit Tgiap; to waste time is to lose property, 
 m-ho pua" thu ju hui; do not give up when 
 half done. hui ciang, lip iu"; set aside the 
 
 elder in favor of the younger, hui tek lip su ; 
 set aside the chief wife and place a concubine 
 in power. mih su hui si ; all is going to 
 
 wreck. cie^-si huang-hiii cSi, bp eng kang ; 
 is now dilapidated and out of repair. chang- 
 hng huang-hiii ; fields run to waste. hui tui ; 
 hui-hui tui-tui ; neglected ; unthrifty, hui-cit; 
 superannuated. hui jin ; cripples; infirm peo- 
 ple, u li hak, bo li hui, mai° khu thia" i; if we 
 can get it we will, and if we can't get it we will 
 let it go, but don't distress yourself about it. 
 
 hui 154 To lavish ; to expend ; to 
 
 139 5 waste ; outlay, 
 hua-hui ci°-ngun ; spend money lavishly, hui- 
 eng; use wastefully. c§k jit eng jieh coi ci° 
 BU-hui ? What is the expense per day ? so- 
 
 hiii ; expenses. nin cek ni eng sp-hui jieh coi 
 ngun ? How much do you expend per year ? 
 phua-hui tio jieh coi ci"; squandered a large 
 sum. hui su cai ; a vexatious affair. sim 
 si hui chi'u ; very difficult to bring about, kau 
 hu-ko eng jieh coi pua°-hui ? How much is the 
 fare in going there ? hui sira, hui sim ; I've 
 put you to much trouble. hiii sin kai su ; a 
 
 wea,risome job. hu hui ; useless outlay, chwn 
 mien hui lak ; you need not waste your strength 
 on it. 
 
 hiii 130 The lungs. 
 
 139 4 hui-hii ; the lungs. i ai" ua 
 kai sim-kua", lia ai" i kai hiii-hu ; we are mor- 
 tal enemies. ci kai pe° si hiii keng kai pe"; 
 this is a lung disease. hui-iong ; an abcess in 
 the lungs ; tubercular consumption, hiii hue ; 
 infl^amation of the lungs. hiii-ke ; the lights, 
 hiii kwn ; hiii kiig ; the bronchial tubes. hui- 
 hieh tie" toa ; the lobes of the lungs are swol- 
 len, hui si cii ngwn khi; the lungs control 
 the amount of air that is in them. nang ce 
 thau-khui hui cu hoih, ce khip khiii hui cu pa ; 
 
 when we oxpel the breath the lungs collapse, 
 and when we inspire the breath the lungs 
 expand, lu khip khiii, khip kau tng-tng, thoi' 
 lu kfii hui ti-kp 6i thia" a boi ; draw a very 
 long breath, and see whether there is a pain in 
 any part of your lungs. 
 
 ^"rt ^^"'^ — - ■^^ keep a respectful silence 
 3-^ 266 7 upon. 
 
 i ta" tie chwn bo ki hui ; in speaking he wholly 
 avoids the use of tabooed names. ci kai si 
 
 huam hiii ; this is a heedless use of sacred 
 names. pi hiii ; to avoid the use of sacred 
 
 names, gu-hui ; the Emperor's personal name, 
 ble hui ; names of the Emperor's ancestors, 
 sia hui ; sacred names which are to be avoided. 
 
 nr^. hui 121 Earthenware ; crockery. 
 
 |-L| 141 hui-khi ; earthen vessels, 
 boi hui hue; tho.se who sell earthenware. sie 
 hui kai nang ; one who bakes pottery, hui-ie ; 
 a potter's kiln. sau hui nSi khii; a cracked 
 dish won't easily break. boi hui nang ciah 
 
 khih ; he who sells crockery eats from cracked 
 dishes, hui th6 ; potter's clay. 
 
 hiii 61 Grace ; that bestowed in 
 ^\id\ 264 8 charity, 
 un-hiii ; mercy ; grace, nia hiii, nfa hiii ; I am 
 obliged for your kindness. i ceng siu kue i 
 
 kai hiii ; he has experienced his clemency, sai 
 kau nang tit tieh sit hiii ; enables people to get 
 real aid. 
 
 r^-H hiii 61 Sagacity; wisdom; cleverness. 
 ^fS^ 265 11 ti-hiii; wisdom. chong- 
 
 meng ti-hiii; clear headed and sagacious, swn 
 kai ti-hiii kai nang ; select a wise person. i 
 bo ti-hiii; he is not discerning. iIi cai i ii ti-hiii 
 a bo; do not know whether he is shrewd or not. 
 
 >?^^ hiii 120 The woof. 
 ?J*-^ 1056 9 si ke" p6 hiii; silk warp and 
 cotton woof. tit kai si ke", hiie" kai si hiii ; 
 
 the lengthwise threads are the warp, and the 
 transverse threads are the woof. 
 
 — hiii" — 
 
 hiii" 85 To roll about or over ; to 
 
 494 il gyrate. 
 i to tho-e to hui" khau ; he lies on the ground, 
 rolling and crying. khut i hiii" cp kai chim 
 tham khu ; a deep hollow has been worn out 
 by its gyrations. hiii" thap khu ; make n 
 
 hole in the ground by rolling around, cfa toa 
 cheng-ci tiii loh khu oi hui" tio nang kai chii ; 
 this bomb when thrown will overturn peoples' 
 houses. 
 
172 
 
 DICTIOKAET OF THE 8WAT0W DIALICT. 
 
 I^jti hui" 79 To break down ; to ruin ; to 
 ':X'% 262 7 spoil. 
 
 hui" tlo i kai mueh-kia"; spoiled his goods. 
 hui° llo i kai chang-hng; wasted his fields, 
 hui" tlo i kai chii ; tore down hia house. sie- 
 hui"; burned up. sie-hui" i kai sa"-kh6 ; 
 
 burned up her clothing. thiah liui" i k&i 
 
 chu-teng ; tore up his roof. ua kfti hue-hnjj 
 khut i liui" tio Ifo-lio ; mj flower garden was 
 completely ruined by them. 
 
 hiii" 149 To defame ; to vilify. 
 
 138 ^ hui'-pUng; to slander, ci'a 
 si hui"-pRng i k&i Qe ; this is wicked aspersion. 
 hui°-paug nang; to backbite people. 
 
 hui° 22 Disorderly people. 
 
 137 8 hui° iQi, hiii" thu; vagabonds. 
 th6-hui°; local robbers ; hue-hui°; an asso- 
 ciation of seditious persona. ch&k-hui°; 
 banditti. 
 
 hui" 140 Wilted, drooping. 
 
 .^ 1047 8 hue khut jit ph&k Ho hSi'- 
 
 hui"; flowers wilt after being exposed to the 
 sun. ci cftng mueh cii-jit thoi" tich h'ii°- 
 
 hiii", cd-me° clah tieh iG-cui, kfa"-jtt hleh cQ 
 khia-khia ; this plant was drooping very much 
 yesterday, but last night it got the dew 
 upon it, and to-day its leaves are all erect, 
 cl choh hue-bak kfti hieh, co-ni hui"-hui" 
 n5 ? Why are the leaves of these shrubs 
 wilted ? 
 
 iflS^ hui" 61 To tie to and suspend ; to 
 '5^^> 232 16 hang ; to dangle ; to be in 
 suspense ; to hang in view, 
 tio soil hui" loh lai ; a rope was dangling, 
 pang i hui" loh Ifii ; let it dangle. kha hui" 
 
 pang cun-pp-ki° ko soi ; hang your feet over 
 the side of the boat and wash them. tin-t6 
 
 hui"; hung upside down. hui°-rao"; waiting in 
 suspense. hui" si'e" keh ; put up notice of a 
 
 reward. hui"-kua to thia" tng ; hung up in 
 
 the temple. ci khi iia" hui" jieh kii cong-ku 
 bo kak ! How long this case hangs on without 
 ever coming to a settlement ! ci kla" su hfii" 
 t6 sim teng; this affair is undecided in his mind. 
 16ng hAi" biie ; a half formed waterspout, de- 
 pending from a cloud. thau hui"-hui"; with 
 drooping head. cek phau chiu hui" loh lai ; a 
 tassel dangled therefrom. thftu liiii", hue 
 
 hui", hek cSi ; his head and tail both droop, he 
 is jaded out. mai" hui" tieh th6 ; do not 
 
 draggle it on the ground. 
 
 — han — 
 
 hun 140 Things forbidden to those 
 
 2t58 '9 who fast. 
 n6 han no sii si le"; four sorts, two of which 
 ai-e of kinds forbidden to those who fast, and 
 two of the kinds that may be used by those 
 who fast. 
 
 1^ 
 
 hun 120 Confused ; mixed up ; ill- 
 
 129 4 assorted, 
 nang-b^ bun-hun ; a motley crowd. su-bti 
 
 hun-hun coi c&i ; mnltifurious business. ti- 
 
 ling hun-lwu ; the place is all in confusion. 
 
 ttZL hun 80 To direct ; to order. 
 rJ^ 129 4 hun-hii ; to order. ua c6-n! 
 faun-lm lii, lu tieh thia"; whatever I tell you to 
 do, you must do. lu lai, lia ai° hun-hu lu 
 
 k&i Oe ; come hero, I have something I wish to 
 direct you about, i bo hun bo hu cp i khu ; he 
 went off without having received any directions. 
 
 hun 61 The perceptions confused ; 
 
 268 8 dull, 
 hun-mi', m cai n&ng ; stupid even to insen< 
 sibility. i kai sim hun-kdng ; his mind is 
 
 confused. 
 
 Xj^ hun 18 To separate; to distinguish 
 VV 129 2 between ; the second place in 
 decimals ; tenths. 
 
 hun-khui ; to separate, hun c6 n<S chiu ; sepa- 
 rate them into two bunches, hun-l! ; set apart, 
 hun-sua"; to scatter. fl hun-piet ; there is a 
 
 distinction between them. pun pia" tii-gu ; 
 
 detach troops to repulse them, i u hun-pui; he 
 has a bonus out of it. hun-meng ; distinguish 
 clearly. hun-hun mgng-mSng ; distinctly 
 
 marked. ua thoi" m hun-meng ; I do not 
 
 see it distinctly. tang i Ifti hun-hwt ; wait 
 
 until he comes and divides up and sends off. 
 hun-pien si hui ; argue the point. i co-ni co 
 su bo hun bd hio ? Why does he act without 
 discrimination ? i mih su hun-hun hio-hio ; in 
 everything he exercises discrimination. kio 
 
 t6a n&ng hun in ; condoles with his superior, 
 hun phai ; to sort out for distribution. i k&i 
 ue tti" lai G hun u chiin ; what he says is 
 lucidly stated. i co su bo hun chiin ; he acts 
 without method. hun h§,u to bo kiam i kai ; 
 I owe him nothing whatever. c&p-hun h(J ; 
 
 wholly satisfactory. hun co no e ; separate it 
 into two portions. ua teng-tieh sa°-hun-pua" 
 tSng ; I weighed it, and it is three and a half 
 tenths of an tael in weight. lu cek tng ciah 
 kiii hun bi? How much rice do you eat at a 
 meal ? lu ^i" eng hun pang a ai" eng chun 
 
DICTIONIRT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 173 
 
 pang ? Do you wish to use boards that are 
 under or over an inch in thickness ? i u kiii 
 hun hau"; he is partly willing. hek peh ITing 
 hun ; it is difficult to distinguish between the 
 black and the white. su coi cjii, boi tit hun 
 
 ein khu ni'n ko ; I have so much to do that I 
 cannot get away to go to your house. kak 
 
 nang hun th^u khu li; let each go about his 
 particular business. ue hun li'ang thau ; tell 
 each separately what he is to do. 
 
 hun 86 Opium; tobacco. 
 
 1082 "6" hun-t^ng; a tobacco or opium 
 pipe, ciah hun c5 ; take a smoke. sek-hun ; 
 dry fine cut tobacco. che"-hun; fresh smoking 
 tobacco. ng-hun ; yellow tobacco. o-hun ; 
 dark colored tobacco. ciii-hun ; tobacco that 
 is smoked through a' water pipe. Iu-s6ng 
 
 hun ; Manilla cigars and cigaretts. cui-hun 
 
 clia-bue ; a taper used for lighting a water 
 pipe. a-phien hun ; opium. a-phien hun- 
 ting ; an opium pipe, i cek hii hun-ku ju c5i; 
 his set of utensils for smoking opium are very 
 handsome. hun-(o ; tobacco pouch. hun-fip ; 
 opium box. phi"-hun ; snuff, hngk phi''-hun; 
 take snuff. i ii clah toa hun ; he smokes 
 
 opium, hun-teng ; a raised platform for opium 
 smokers to lie upon. hun-pho; a couch for 
 
 opium smoking, hun-thie ; opium spoon, hun 
 pua"; an opium smoker's tray. hun kwn ; an 
 opium dealer's establishment. hun ckng ; 
 
 opium dens, hun tho ; opium balls. hun ki ; 
 tobacco stalks. hun-sai mai" khk cek koi°; 
 
 do not scatter the ashes of the tobacco about, 
 lu kai hun-fn khin, i k&i hun-in tSng; your 
 opium habit is not so completely fixed upon 
 you as his is upon him. ham i \k\ cuang hun; 
 call him to hold the opium at the smoker's 
 pipe. cu hun ; to clarify opium and prepare 
 it for smoking. hun ko ; cakes of opium, 
 
 hunca; a-phien sai ; the residuum from the 
 pipes of opium smokers, ph^-hun hu; a snuff 
 bottle, po sek-hun ; chews tobacco, ie" hun ; 
 foreign tobacco. 
 
 •J|ff^ hun 88 To marry a wife. 
 ^y^ 2G8 8 hun-in ; marriage. hun-in 
 kai su si chiet-io su; marriage is a thing of 
 great importance. i liam lai kio i hah hun ; 
 her birthday is said to be accordant with his. 
 toll jit s§ng hun ; choose a lucky day for tho 
 consummation of a marriage. tang ni bue 
 
 cia° lai khut i wn hun ; wait till the end of the 
 year and then let them marry. chia" nling 
 
 l&i cle" hun-cu ; invite some one to prepare the 
 marriage contract. lam hun, nng ke ; men 
 
 take wives, and women wed. Luang-slang 
 
 tai hun ; tho Emperor's marriage. i si cf pak 
 ui hun kai ; he had betrothed a wife before he 
 was born. i cia" sin hun ; he is of marriage- 
 able age. hun phiie ; contract a marriage, 
 teng hun ; a second marriage, tho thau hun ; a 
 marriage contracted after the girl first betrothed 
 to himhad died. 
 
 hun 86 To fumigate; smoky; smoke. 
 j\V% 212 10 hun i ta; dry by fumigation, 
 mai" khut in hun tieh ; do not let it get smoked, 
 hun kau mak-cap lfi.u ; so smoky that the tears 
 ran. hun nfo-chu khang ; fumigate a rat- 
 
 hole, sie kau pi-pi-hun ; scorched so that it 
 smokes. hun koi, hun ah ; smoked fowls 
 
 and ducks, hun tu-thiii; smoked hams, hun 
 kau chiah-pauh chiah-pauh ; smoked till it is 
 brown and blistered. in-hun kau cek koi" o- 
 o ; smoked till the whole room is blackened, 
 liam niang-hun, hun mang ; light a mosquito 
 torch, and smoke out the mosquitoes. phi" 
 
 tieh chau hue hun ; smells of smoke. hun sf ; 
 suffocated by smoke. 
 
 J^^ hun 72 Dusk; evening; dull; con- 
 
 ^^ • 267 T fused. 
 
 iig-hun ; twilight, hun-km ; dusk. jitf"-keng 
 ha"-iiun ; it is already dark. ha°-hun kai si- 
 hau, cu thdi" m ki°; it was in the gloaming so 
 I could not see. hun kun cu s\n cham-chin ; 
 a benighted prince trusts disloyal courtiers, 
 hun-lwn; obscure; befogged, ut kau hun-thau 
 hun-nau ; slept till dazed. hun-ml"; dazed ; 
 bewildered, ciah kau hun-hun mi''-mi"; drank 
 till he was fuddled, lii mai" kun-k6ng; don't 
 be stupid, thau-khak bin khn hun-hun kong- 
 kong ; my head was so dizzy that I was com- 
 pletely stupified. thia" kau hun, cang ciii bQ 
 i che"; he has swooned from pain, blow water 
 upon him to reanimate him. 
 
 hiin 61 Strong feeling ; impatient 
 
 131 12 zeal, 
 i ce kheng hwt hiin cu cp tit seng ; if he would 
 get roused in regard to it, it would soon be 
 accomplished. nang tieh oi hwt hxin lip cl 
 
 cia" ii eng ; people must become interested in 
 the thing, and get their minds made up to do 
 it, then something can be effected. 
 
 Y^^ hiin 85 Entire ; the whole; the mass. 
 \^r' 268 9 bun-k3.u kai nang ; the whole 
 body, cf ku cu si hun-hiin cie°-se° ta", bo koi- 
 thiah meng-peh ; this sentence in its entirety 
 says thus, its parts are not analytically ex- 
 pounded, i put kiie hun-hun cie°-se" ta" tia"- 
 tia"; this is the substance of his remarks and 
 nothing more. 
 
174 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE 6WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 /^^ liiin 196 A dove ; a pigeon. 
 P>^ 428 ~6" hiin-cfo ; doves. hun-do 
 
 tu ; a dove-cote. c6k tui hiin-cfo ; a pair of 
 
 doves. eng hvin-cfo lai toa sia ; make use of 
 pigeons for carrying letters. 
 
 ik^ hun 119 Meal; flour; powder; pow- 
 ^yj 131 4 dered, commiauted ; to put 
 on powder or pigments. 
 
 ml-luin ; wheaten flour. bf-hiin-kna"; vermi- 
 celli. Imn-tio ; maccaroni. tRuhiin; flour 
 made from peas or beans, cf-chang hiin; flour 
 made from water chestnuts, liang-hun; potato 
 flour, liang-hun c^ng; dumplings made from 
 potato flour. ng6-hun ; arrow-root. c5-hiin ; 
 white powder used as a cosmetic. in-cS 
 
 hun buah kau ang-^ng; made rod with rouge, 
 sang-hun; toilet-powder. ngoi kau huii-hun ; 
 triturate it to a fine powder. khong kau i 
 
 hun kut chui si ; beat him to a jelly. hun 
 
 chio°; whitewash a wall. hun i p6h ; white- 
 
 wash it. hiin &ng hiin ftng ; very fair, as if 
 
 painted red and white. hun sek ; a specious 
 appearance, hiin-sek kfii ue; specious promises, 
 hun-sok kau thoi" m chut; furbished up so 
 that one could not discover the fraud, hiin 
 pal ; a painted board used by boys in learning 
 to write. boi sang hiin t6i kai chft 6i ; buy 
 
 a pair of wooden shoes having painted soles. 
 
 hiiu 61 Anger; resentment. 
 \^\ 131 T cek si cu hun ; momentary 
 hiin-no"; wrathful. 
 
 X^* liun 75 A last for making shoes or 
 ^Sk 232 9 boots ; to form on a last. 6i 
 hiin ; a boot last. i kai hun-thau hiin lai hd 
 
 cheng ; his last forms it into a shape ple.isaut 
 to wear. 
 
 hftn 120 Lines ; marks ; creases. 
 
 1041 4 cui hun ; ripples. chia 
 
 hun ; lines in the hand, hue" hun ; horiaontal 
 marks, tit hun ; perpendicular lines, bo hua 
 b6 ciah ; left no trace. ne jio-jio, ceng-ceng 
 
 hAn ; all wrinkled and creased. nio cek cue 
 hun ; make a crease, cih khu se" hun ; creased 
 by folding. ut kau fclt-tit, b6 hun ; ironed 
 
 out straight and smooth. i kili si hun phu 
 
 lio ; he has the signs of death upon him. i se"- 
 6§ng kfii go hiin phu ; he looks as if 1k> were 
 starving. i mlu teng Q im-tek hun ; ho looks 
 like a good man. 
 
 ^ 
 
 hun 87 Impetuous ; urgent ; prompt. 
 
 132 18 hiin-cx thak cu ; study with 
 ci kai nsuig chut tin sim si hun-iong ; 
 this man goes forth to battle with undaunted 
 courage. him-luk khu co ; promptly go and 
 
 do it. 
 
 ^Ill hun 149 To instruct ; to lead in the 
 ^l| 212 8 right way ; to caution, 
 kk-hun ; to teach, ka-hiin kia°-ti ; to instruct 
 one's children. ke-hiin ; home teachings, 
 
 hun-lien pia°-be ; drill the troops. hiin t&u ; 
 to indoctrinate. hun-sl ; to direct. lu tieh 
 thia° i ka-hiin; you must heed his precepts, 
 cia si bo nang ka-him kai kia°-tl ; this is an 
 undisciplined lad. cia pheug-jit si bo ka bo 
 hun cia° cie°-se"; it is through lack of ti-ainiug 
 that he is thus. 
 
 To bore ;' to pierce, 
 tieh khieh cncj-kia" 
 
 hiin 167 
 S^ 945 19 tieh khieh cng-kia° cia" bun 
 tit loh ; you must take a gimlet to it, then you 
 can pierce it. eng keng-hiin lai hun ; take an 
 angur and bore it. hun sie-lin-thang ; bore it 
 through. 
 
 hiin 194 The shade ; the manes ; the 
 269 4 mind ; the wits ; the facul- 
 ties. lOng-hftn; the spirit; the soul. huu- 
 phek ; the immortal part ; the spirits of man. 
 sam hiiu chit phek ; the three ghosts, and the 
 seven spirits of man. kia° kau sit hiin ; 
 
 terrified out of his wits. hiin m to sin ; he is 
 out of his mind. wn hiin lu sua"; the unro- 
 
 venged ghost will not be quiet. i kai im-hun 
 cong-kii m sio ; his spirit will never take its 
 departure. hiie hiin tiig lai ; the returning 
 
 spirit comes to the tablet, (before the 49th 
 day after death), hai i kia" kau hiin b5; 
 frightened him out of his senses. ce thoi" 
 
 hiin cu bo ; as soon as he saw it he lost his 
 wits, cek hiie cu hiin siia"; after the return, 
 the spirit was at rest, hun mang-ki" peh kau 
 sua" teng; dreamed that I climbed to the 
 mountain top. i kai hiin hien-sin khut i 
 
 thoi"; his ghost appeared to them. in hiin ; 
 
 cie hiin ; to lead the spirit home from abroad, 
 siu i kai hiin; take possession of his mind, 
 hwu hiin, uah khi lai ; to come to life again. 
 
 hun 104 A scar, scratch, crack, or 
 ,^ ^ 1G7 6 flaw, 
 mai" miieh se" hiin ; do not scratch it. sie" 
 
 hiin ; a scar from a wound. mak-cap hun ; 
 
 traces of tears. boi 16 hun-ciah ; has left no 
 visible trace. poi" hiin ; small pox marks, 
 
 min-teng cek cue hun si kuah tieh kai a si 
 puah tieh kai ? Was the scar on your face 
 made by a cut or by a fall ? pit ciie hiin ; has 
 cracked. ku-a ko pit hun ; several of them 
 
 have flaws in them. 
 
DICTIONAR? OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 175 
 
 Jif=^ liun 173 Clonds; cloady. 
 r ^^ 1142 4 pbu Imn ho ; rain clonds are 
 gathering, liuu bii ; cloudy. niiia" thi" hiin ; 
 the sky is all overcast. cek tah o hun ; a 
 
 black cloud. peh hun pi° co ang bun ; the 
 
 clonds are turning red. bun cia kau pua" 
 
 sua"; the clouds reach half way down the 
 mountains. hun-thau ; a thundor-cloud. bu 
 Ifiug bun ; a mackerel sky. thong thi" long- 
 coiig si o bun ; the whole sky is black with 
 clouds.   liun khui ki" jit ; the clouds are 
 
 breaking. bun khui kai khang-khiah, thoi"- 
 ki° thi" nek ; there is a rift in the cloud, and 
 the blue sky appears. bun sio, ho siia"; the 
 
 clouds are disappearing, and the rain dim- 
 inishing. th6i"-ki" to hun-twn teng ; saw ifc 
 among the clouds. bun tie kha; the cloud is 
 lifting from the earth. ci tah bun pue kbu 
 kfc-ke ; this cloud drifts along very low down, 
 phah hun poi"; to strike the cloudy board ; to 
 announce visitors at a yamuu or monastery by 
 tapping an iron plate. 
 
 ■^H hiin 85 In disorder; promiscuously; 
 ij^ 269 8 turbid; chaotic. 
 ni6ng-To6ng bun-bun ; dark ; confused. hiia 
 nau ; confused clamor, mng bun kue jit ; it is 
 a troublesome world. lam nng bun cup ; a 
 
 heterogeneous crowd of men and women, hun- 
 tiin ; chaotic. thi° ti la u si oi bun-tiin ; the 
 heavens and the earth are sometimes indistin- 
 guishable through being mixed up together. 
 bun-bun tun-tun ; irretrievably mixed up. su 
 kiie mai" lui bun kha bun cbiii; it would have 
 been better if he had had nothing to do with it. 
 
 ^^^ bun 18 A share; a portion; a dividend; 
 yj 131 2 the part one acts ; the duties 
 of a post. 
 
 pun CO sa° bun pe° toa; divide it into three 
 equal parts. kai nang cek hiin ; give a 
 
 portion to each. sa" bun thiu cek ; take out 
 one third. bun gua ; what is outside one's 
 
 own share. kiii bun ti"; partly full. si-hun 
 lob cek bun; make use of one quarter of it. 
 leh lak bun ciah cek bun; take one sixth of 
 the medicine. ai" cham kiii bun lob khu ? 
 
 "What proportion of the whole shall I put 
 in ? ke bun, cie bun ; a greater or lesser 
 
 portion, siu bun ; content with his lot. siu i 
 kai png bun ; attends to bis own business. 
 ua° bun siu ki ; mind your own business, kbia 
 bun ; make up a deficiency by each supplying 
 an equal sum. phoi" cek bun loi-mueh kbu 
 
 sang i ; render to him a portion of the presents, 
 cia i bo hun ; be has no part in this, ko bun ; 
 to take shares in. cia si i kai wn bun ; this 
 
 is what be has a liking foi*. nan kiii nA,ng 
 
 lai bak cek bun, e jit thang lio toa sbi hun cie 
 pun ; let us take a share together, and after- 
 wai'd when there is income from it declare a 
 dividend. nila" hfln ; the same lot for life, 
 
 mia" bun m ho Ivvn; those whose fates are joined 
 for life .should not be at variance, ci kai nang 
 m ua° Imn ; this person is meddlesome. kue 
 hiin ; officious ; beyond what properly belongs 
 to one's functions. ta" kiie hun ue ; say more 
 than belongs to one's part. png bun ; one's 
 
 own duty or office, i png bun tieh cie"-se" co ; 
 that is what properly pertains to his office; that 
 is bis duty, kak nang kak nang ka,i ceb-bun ; 
 each has his special duty, i citi°-se" sng si wt- 
 hun ; in so doing he may be considered to have 
 overstepped his proper sphere. ai° co kui bun 
 khui ? How many parts is it to be divided into ? 
 i kai hun-sia" coi ; he has a large proportion, 
 i soi hun, i toa bun ; this one gets a small, and 
 that one a large portion. i kai seng-li lu u 
 
 chap bun a bo '? Have you anything invested 
 in his business ? ua u chap-bun ; I have an 
 interest in it. siin-mib su lu to u bun ; yon 
 
 meddle in everything. cie i bun e ktii bai"; 
 give him that which belongs to him. cia si i 
 bun lai kai sii ; this appertains to bis office, 
 tieh thoi" i siiu-mih sin bun; must see what 
 his belongings are. siang sim-mih sin bun ; 
 ascertain what rank he has. kai thien-bun 
 
 bo ; be has fine natural abilities. 
 
 — but — 
 
 it 57 An adverb of prohibition ; ifc 
 153 "2" should not be. 
 hut ua" CO put ; changed "should not" into "is 
 not." hut jiak i ; does not resemble him. 
 
 yp 153 
 
 but 61 Abruptly ; to slight; the fifth 
 ^\i2\ 267 4 place in decimals, 
 but-jien ; suddenly, hut-jien-kaug ; in an in- 
 stant, hut-jien cu ii nang lS,i ; suddenly some 
 one came, ra bo khin-but nang ; one must not 
 treat people in a contemptuous manner. to 
 
 ceng nang min coi" khin-but i ; treated him 
 cavalierly before them all. i sim khiam-soi, 
 
 lien a-no"-kia" hue, to bo khin-but i ; be is 
 very modest, and does not slight even a child. 
 CO su m b(5 but-liak ; do not do things in a 
 heedless fashion. cek si cSk but to ai" sng; 
 
 will reckon in even the smallest fraction, sng 
 kau li hau si but ; reckon to the utmost farth- 
 ing, but kng but am; light for an instant and 
 then dark for an instant, i kai ue bo tia", but 
 si hut bui ; what he says is unreliable, first he 
 says one thing then another. 
 
176 
 
 DICTtONAET OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 liut 118 A tablet, in ancient times 
 267 4 held before the breast by 
 
 courtiers in audiences. 
 
 chio hnt; a court tablet. g6 hut; ivory tablets. 
 
 sdi poi" khieh khi si gd hut ; the plebeian has 
 
 become a patrician. 
 
 hut 04 To contradict ; oppose ; go 
 154 5 contrary to ; a brush, 
 liut tich i kili i, i cu so" khi ; if you oppose his 
 notions ho is angry. hut tieh i kai i cQ khut 
 i phah kau ai" si ; if you go contrary to his 
 ideas, you will be beaten almost to death by 
 him. chiu khla ki sien-hut; ho held in his 
 
 hand a brush which is the sign that the bearer 
 is attaining saintship. 
 
 ^^ hut 76 To blow a short sudden whiff 
 *)^ 233 "8 of breath, 
 hut hiio ; blow out the light. hue hut rn t6h ; 
 cannot make the fire blaze up by blowing it. 
 ce hut cQ toll ; as soon as you blow it will 
 flame up. 
 
 jb^ hut 75 The kernel, pit, or stone of 
 1^ 234 6 fruits. 
 
 tho bftt ; a peach-.stone. khu ilo hut ; take out 
 the pita, nia tlo hiit; core them, cf c6k llap 
 cii hiit kai ; this one has hardly any pit. hii 
 toi kak u hut; it has a core forming therein. 
 
 #i1 
 
 hut 9 Buddha ; Buddhist. 
 Lo3 6 hilt kk; Buddhism. hAt huap; 
 the laws or doctrines of Buddha; Buddhist 
 charms and spells ; the power of Buddha, hut 
 c6 ; ray lord Buddha. ciah ce, pai hut ; fast 
 and worship Buddha. i to co hAt su ; ho is 
 
 practising Buddhist chai'ms. p-ni-tho-hut ; 
 
 Amida Buddha. 
 
 — hu — 
 
 flp^ hu 80 To breathe softly ; to speak 
 »yjIlL 227 11 well of. 
 
 chue-lm; say a good word for; to breathe on. 
 khut i ce chue-liu iiang cu sua" kliu ; as soon he 
 opened his mouth to speak they di.spei"sed. 
 pai thph Id kio lia chue-hu tlo ci kia" su ; I 
 trust that you will speak a good word for me 
 in this matter. 
 
 hu 141 Vacant ; untrue ; unsub- 
 
 227 6 stantial. 
 kbaiig-hu ; empty ; unoccupied. hu-phu ; 
 
 vague ; nonsensical. hu-bii ; visionai'y. . hu 
 ke ; untrue ; unfounded. hu-ngui ; false, hu 
 lie ; idle prating. khiam-hu ; unambitious, 
 
 hu-sim ; unprejudiced, sim hu ; apprehensive. 
 
 c6 ch&k kai nang sim hu ; the thief in ever in 
 fear of danger, cheng-heng si hu kai, cu kia°- 
 ui ii cue ; if the eridences presented are false, 
 there is danger of incurring guilt. cek nang 
 thwn hu, poll nang thwn sit ; the falsehood 
 told by one, i.s repeated as truth by a hundred. 
 hu-mia° hu li ; vain is fame, empty are riches, 
 hu-jiak ; decrepid. hu-khun ; weak. kh\ 
 hueh ku hu; a feeble constitution, chin s! phu 
 hu hiie; hot fliishes, as of fever, in cold weather, 
 i kili ue kii-kii hu, h<^ sit; his words are wholly 
 unfounded, there is no truth in them. 
 
 hu 82 A fair. 
 
 443 12 hu-tio" ; an area where fairs 
 are held. hu-po ; marts, ai" Ifti khu tku hu ; 
 is goir)g to the fair to bo sold. sa" jit hu ; a 
 
 fair held once in three days. kua''-mo° khu 
 
 hii hu; hurry on to be in time for the fair, tl 
 tiang-si tui hu ? At what time is tho fair held? 
 kfa°-jft tiii liu m6 ? Is this a day when a fair 
 is held ? cle** hu l&i bOi ; take it to the fair 
 
 and sell it. lai khu hu teng boi ; lct'.s go to 
 
 the fair and buy some. 
 
 ^^, 
 
 hU 163 That ; there ; then ; those. 
 610 4 hu tiang-si; hu si; at that 
 time, hu jit; that day. hu k6; that place, hu 
 kai ; that one. hu ki\i n&ng ; those men. hii 
 cek n&ng; that individual. hu png clieh ; 
 
 that book. hu ciah cun; that boat. hu khi 
 !eh ; that kind of medicine. hu le' much ; 
 
 that sort of thing. hu koi" chii ; that house, 
 hu e$k s!, sle" m chut ; at that moment I could 
 not think of it. ci kai hd a hu k^i hd ? Which 
 ia the better this or that ? mai" pang hu-k6; 
 do not set it down there. hu no" kp siii lu 
 
 swn ; take whichever you choose of those two 
 pieces, hu ciah chi'u boi khieh pit ; he cannot 
 hold the pen with that hand. i khu hu khau 
 kp ; he has gone outside there. i to hi'i lai ; 
 
 he is in there. pang hu t6i ; put it inside 
 
 there. to hu hn^-hng kp ; away off there. 
 
 to hd chng teng ; on the table there. 
 
 hu 149 Gjrant ; assent to ; accede. 
 P I 228 ~4~ eng-hu; to grant. m hu i ; 
 did not permit him to. lia m ceng hu lii ; I 
 
 have not acceded to what you request. Id hii 
 kiie lia kai ; what you promised me. ci kai 
 
 cu-nie-kia" i°-keng hu ke h'o ; this damsel is 
 already promised in marriage. ci k&i cu-nle- 
 kia° hu-phiie khut i ; this girl is betrothed to 
 him. lu mai" hu i ; do not acquiesce in w hat 
 he wishes. G hu i a bd ? Did you accord i t to 
 him or not ? 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT, 
 
 177 
 
 hu 85 To fish. 
 ji^ 1119 11 hu-ong; a fisherman, 
 cuu ; a fishing boat. 
 
 pha h(L 
 
 >g5 hH 
 i%V^ 1119 
 
 195 Fish. 
 kim hu ; kim-li; gold-fish, 
 liali bu; catch fisli. pha hu; tisli with a casting 
 net. uu hu ; fish with a lifting net. cah hu ; 
 catch fish by a weir, tie" hu; catch fish with a 
 hook, chug hu ; spear fish. niong hu ; catch 
 fish with the hands, li hu ; carp, hai hu ; sea 
 fish. khoi hu, ti hu, un hu ; fish from rivers, 
 pools, or ponds. miia"- hu ; eels. hang-hu ; 
 the skate. kha hu ; mud-turtles. 6i- toi hu; 
 the sole. sien hu ; bass. cek tin hu ; cek 
 khuu hu ; a school of fish. peh-go-hu ; the 
 
 book moth. 
 
 ■^I^ hu 149 To commission; to commit 
 pi\d 915 3 to ; to entrust, 
 kia-bu i cek kii ue; entrust him with a message 
 to carry, kia-hu lu ham i lai; commission you to 
 tell him to come. cek kia" su tieh to kia-kia 
 hu-hu, kang-kho cai ; the thing must be com- 
 mitted to various persons one after another, 
 making it troublesome in the extreme. 
 
 P^^ hu 30 hu-hu-tie; the noise made by 
 pj 805 11 one shivering with cold, 
 cheng-ngwn to hu-hu-tie, to m khu cheng ke 
 kai hiu°; will stand and shiver with cold, and 
 not go and put on another wadded tunic. 
 
 — hun — 
 
 hun 164 Smelling of liquor. 
 jj>^ 212 14 cia ciah kau hun-liun; drank 
 till he is odorous of whiskey. cui hun-hun ; 
 
 boozy ; tipsy. 
 
 hun 19 
 
 212 14 
 common weal, 
 man. 
 
 W) 
 
 Meritorious effort, 
 kong-hun ; services for the 
 hun chin ; a patriotic states- 
 
 $f 
 
 hun 159 A side room; a boudoir; a 
 
 196 3 saloon. 
 i kai cu-ce kie cp sim-mih hun ? What appella- 
 tion does he give to his school ? khi siang, 
 hun ngan; a lofty bearing and stately ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 m 
 
 hun 69 Pleased at doing or getting 
 204 4 something ; merry, elated, 
 hun hong toa lau-ia kau jim ; as it happily 
 happened the magistrate had arrived at his 
 post, hun hong tai-jin tu pfiu, ua° liang ; it is 
 well when the magistrates extirpate the wicked 
 and tranquilize the good. 
 
 hun 79 Abundant ; flouri.shing. 
 1099 6 hun sit; well off. hun sit kfti 
 nang h6; a man of property, hun h6; the rich. 
 
 yfa liii'i 60 Indisposed to listen to reason, 
 "^jA^ 167 6 hiong-liun ; quarrelsome. i 
 lai kau hiong-hiong hun-hun ; he came all 
 ready for a quarrel. i kai ie" sim si hiong- 
 
 hun ; he looks very sulky. 
 
 61 Spite ; hatred ; to dislike. 
 
 6 sim ISi wn-hun i ; had a 
 grudge against him. m cai i nau-hun da 
 
 mill su ; do not know why lie is angry with me. 
 hun ua bo cieh i ; vexed with me because I did 
 not lend it to him. hun m kheng hiah ; per- 
 sistently resentful, chai chut sim-thau cu hun; 
 wreak one's spite, khp hun; detestable, huai 
 hun to sim; cherish malice, huu m li'o ; no end 
 to his dislike, hiap hun ; harbour hate. hun 
 Qi sio ; unappeased. hunkie-si i pat phah i ; 
 hates him on account of his having beaten her. 
 
 U il? 
 
 hwn 
 
 124 
 12 
 
 To revise ; to change ; to 
 turn over; to review ; to do 
 
 hwn 
 
 124 
 over again. 
 
 hwn sin ; to turn the body aronnd. hwn kiie 
 lai ; to turn around. teng hwn to llu thoi"; 
 
 turning (the leaves of a book) to and fro, 
 reading and re-reading. hwn kue hie" poi" 
 
 hieh thoi"; turn the leaf and look on its other 
 side. hwn sim ; to rehear a case. ci kia" 
 
 ua" ai" t§ng hwn sim ; this case is to be revised, 
 kau hu teng cu leng-ua" hwn iia"; if you go up 
 there the case will be rejudged. hwn se°; to 
 live again. cu hwn kiii kvie ; reviewed the 
 
 book several times. ta ctl ai" hwn thak ; we 
 are now going to review the book, i hwn cek 
 kiie cu sek ; if he reads it the second time he 
 then knows it. su ci" bd hwn, se"-mla° cu 
 
 ai" kau-kwn ; when one loses in gambling with- 
 out getting a chance to win back his money, he 
 is ready to barter lives with his opponent. 
 
 v^ hwn 120 To translate ; to interpret. 
 ?PH 124 12 hwn-ek kua"; an official in- 
 terpreter, hwn-ek cp i hu kok kai jl chut lai ; 
 translate it into the written language of that 
 country. bd nang oi hwn-ek i kai ue, cu 
 
 thia° m pat to khu ; if there were no one to in- 
 terpret his speech, it could not be understood. 
 
 IJI^^ hwn 60 Streamers ; pennants. 
 'rpi 124 12 thia" teng tio no kai th6ng- 
 hwn ; hung two streamers in the main hall, 
 siet kua thong-hwn pp-kai ; made a canopy of 
 flags. th6ng-hwn hi"-kau ; an ear-ring with 
 pendant strings, ki hwn j flags and streamers. 
 
178 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 hwn 76 Pleased with ; gratified. 
 
 244 18 m lif-hwn ; displeased. co 
 cai i hf-hwn a m hi-Iiwn ? How can it be known 
 whether he is |)leased or displeased ? cfa si i 
 hf-hwn kai ; this is what pleases him. i cil-lai 
 hf-hwn cie"-se"; he is himself gratified in hav- 
 ing it so. tit pe-b(5 hai hwn sim ; attain the 
 approbation of parents. 
 
 hwn 102 Foreign. 
 
 123 7 liwn ue ; a foreign language, 
 hwn iiang; a foreigner. che° hwn ; half civil- 
 ized immigrants. sek hwn ; civilized immi- 
 grants, hwn (U ; foreign potatoes. hwn ciin 
 eki nang-kheh khu kue hwn ; foreign vessels 
 carry emigrants to foreign parts. hwu-nang 
 chki ; foreign food. 
 
 j-r* hwn 29 To revert ; to return ; to re- 
 /^'V 126 2 cur ; the reverse of ; to turn 
 over ; to rebel ; on the contrary. 
 thi-"8i hwn-pien ; the weather has changed. c6 
 kii i kai sim cu sle" hwn ; after awhile his mind 
 reverts to its former purpo.se. fiu-l&i i sle° hwn 
 hue; afterward he returned to his original state 
 of mind, hwn liah klif lai ; came to life again. 
 Bi li hwn hun tng lS,i ; after dying he returned 
 to life, hwn sim su-sle"; returns to his former 
 design. hwn sle°; think it over. i kai pe" 
 to- hwn tSng; he had a relapse. ieh ce lang 
 ciali, pe" iu hwn ; if he omits the medicine the 
 disease will return. hvvn lii put miii"; on the 
 contrary it was disagreeable. i ang cfa hwn 
 iuS.k jieh kii ; the husband and wife have long 
 been on bad terms with each other, hwn-hwn 
 hok-hok ; over and over again. hwn lai khah 
 khu, boi ut ; tossed to and fro, and could not 
 sleep. i cek me"* hwn kiie lai khah kiie khu, 
 ut bo cek khiin-kia"; he was turning to and 
 fro all night and slept scarcely any. i slang 
 teiig hwu ut ; she is a very restless sleeper. 
 i hwn ut kau leng puah kia°; she tosses about 
 BO that she pushes her children out of bed. 
 bwn-pwn ; to rebel. pvvu-hwn tSi ngek ; to 
 
 rebel against and resi.st the authority of. lii 
 pat thia"-k\° ti-ko hwn me ? Have you heard 
 of a rebellion anywhere ? hu-ko hwn, toa pia° 
 khu pheng i ; there is rebellion there, take 
 soldiers and bring them to terms. hu kai ti- 
 hng hwn kau ju-ju ; that country is in a state 
 of anarchy. i am- ce° mong hwn ; he secretly 
 plotted rebellion. cSu hwn ; incite rebellion, 
 lia ce kia°-khui io cti si to hwn ; as soon as I 
 am gone, there is a revolt. thoi" chut i il 
 
 hwn kut ; discerns in him a tendency to rebel- 
 lion. h\vn khau-keng ; retract one's words, 
 hwn ui keh clah j the stomach rejects food. 
 
 phJen kue chiu cu hwu rain ; after he has trick- 
 ed you, he turns the cold shoulder upon you. 
 hwu to-tng; turn it over endwise. hwn lin- 
 tilg; roll it over. cf tio chjin-chieh, cie" p6i' 
 ju U6, hwn-lin-tng hie° pdi" cai ju ; after yoa 
 have rubbed this side of the matting wiih a 
 wet cloth, turn it over and rub the other side 
 in the same way. hwn-lin-tng lai ka cia" tiii ; 
 turn it over to cut it and it will just suit, 
 hwn ngan; retract one's word. ta° tia"-tieh 
 bo n6 jit cu hwn ; after all had been settled by 
 conference, in less than two days he would 
 retriict what he said. kai ue ta" li'o, hwn- 
 
 hwn.tng; after he has said a thing he does not 
 hold to it. 
 
 "y~t hwn 62 To transform ; t<i change &8 
 ^J 248 1 by magic, 
 pien-hwn put chek ; changes so that it cannot 
 be computed, hwn sut ; magical arts. 
 
 m 
 
 hwn 154 To carry about for sale ; to 
 
 127 ^ 4 peddle, 
 ciu-jit to Q hwn kfa ta" Ifti boi; every daythere 
 are children brought here for sale, koi-hwn ; 
 one who pwddles fowls. hwn se" nfmg khau ; 
 to peddle children. khut i hwn kau hu^-hng 
 khu; carried by him to a great distance to 
 be sold. hwn b6i tit chut chiu ; cannot sell it 
 off by carrying it about for sale, hwn kiie ie"; 
 sold into a foreign land. 
 
 R/^ hwn 30 To bid ; to order. 
 .,7V 248 9 sai-hwn ; to send at a call, 
 u-hwn ; to order, leng u huang, hwn ho ; can 
 command the wind and the rain. 
 
 Mhvvn 162 Still; furthermore; never- 
 244 13 theless ; also, 
 hwn-h'o to ko ; is still here, hwn-lio boi si ; is 
 not dead even now. hwn-h'o 6i toa; is still 
 
 growing. i hwn u ; he still has some, hwn u 
 ke cek kia° su ; there is yet another matter to 
 be attended to. i hwn khu ; he has gone 
 
 again. ci'a hwn h6 ; this also is good. hwn 
 ui-hp sng cp hd kfii ; still they are not to be 
 reckoned as good ones, hwn ai° sa" kai ; three 
 more are waivted. i hwn bue l&i ; he has not 
 come yet. i hwu si ciah ci kai ; he is as before 
 eating this. 
 
 hwn 86 Trouble ; vexed ; grieved. 
 
 125 ^ hwn-lau ; to harass. hwn- 
 iau hi kio ua cp ; put you to the trouble of 
 doing this for me. cfa khah hwn-liii lu ; this 
 is too much trouble for you to take. hwn-lp ; 
 sorrowful. hwn-hwn Ip-lp ; much troubled. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 179 
 
 lA cp-ni livvn-liwn 16-1(5 m ln\ii° liiah? Why are 
 you so persistently melancholy ? sim m-h(5 
 khah to hwn ; you should not indulge in too 
 much grief. ciu jit sim ce khah kiie hvvn cii 
 ai" se" pe"; if you indulge in too much grief 
 day after day, you will become ill. b6 hwn b6 
 Ip ; wholly free from vexation. mien-eng 
 
 hwn-ld ; min hwii mux 1(5 ; have no occasion 
 for solicitude. 
 
 hwn 96 A ring ; a bracelet ; winding 
 
 245 13 around, 
 chill hwn ; a bracelet. kha hwn ; ankle rings, 
 hi" hwn ; ear-rings. ™^o hwn; a door 
 
 knocker. chfig-kiii" hwn ; rii:gs affixed to 
 
 furniture. sie"-hvvn ; trunk rings, lang hwn ; 
 rings on bags, thih hvvn; iron rings, teng cek 
 kai hvvn ho tio mueh ; nailed up a ring to hang 
 things from, sua" si se" lai wn-hwn ; the spur 
 of the mountain winds about, ciii ia tiie i wn- 
 hvvn ; the water courses follow its windings, 
 ki'u lien-hvvn ; the chain and bar puzzle. lien- 
 hwn kau-tah kaa tlip-thp tang-tang ; intei*- 
 linked securely. i hwn ; a ring worn on the 
 tunic to suspend charms from. eng hwn lai 
 
 tah kin cia" lin-tng ; take a ring and link it in 
 tightly then it will be secure. 
 
 ^^ hwn 1^ Manifold; multitudinous; 
 j^ 125 11 troublesome from excess. 
 i kai sii-bu hwn cai ; his cares are manifold, 
 hui-eng hau-hwn ; expend lavishly, ciu jit kS,i 
 su sim si hwn-jong ; the daily occupations are 
 very troublesome, lu mai" khah hvvu-hiii ; do 
 not spend too extravagantly, ci kia" su sim si 
 hwn-lang; this affair is indeed very needlessly 
 troublesome. cu bu hwn-hua cai ; the whole 
 affair is very wearisome. i kai su khah hwn ; 
 his affairs are too numerous and trouble- 
 
 ^^^ hwn 190 To dress the hair in a knot 
 ^^^ 246 13 on the top of the head, as 
 the ancient Chinese did; a tuft, a knob, a knot, 
 hia-hwn ; a slave girl ; a maid servant who has 
 been bought. ci kai si i sin pi" kai hia-hwn ; 
 this is her personal attendant, hu lai kai hia- 
 hwn si-pi hph coi nang ; the female attendants 
 in there are very numerous. 
 
 ^^ hwn 112 Metallic salts, 
 ^^ 126 15 peh-hwn ; alum. che'- 
 
 hvvn ; copperas, cp-hwn ; blue vitriol. xA. cp- 
 hwn ; colored with blue vitriol. hwn ciia ; 
 
 paper sized with alum. cang hwn lai tin cia" 
 6i tue: size it with alum and then it will adhere. 
 
 hwn 40 A servant of the crown. 
 
 , 248 6 hvvii-ke ; charaberlaing. hwn 
 
 kua°; statesmen, si hvvn-ke; hereditary officers 
 in the Emperor's household, iam hvvn; eunuchs 
 in the palace. mia" hvvn ; a royal servant who 
 receives posthumous honors. 
 
 — hwt — 
 
 hwt 190 The hair on the human head. 
 
 121 5 chau than kit hwt ; a long 
 married couple. kit hwt hu chi ; an old 
 
 married pair. phi mo" sua" hwt ; disheveled 
 hair. hph hwt thong ngwn ; white hair and 
 I'osy complexion. 
 
 hwt 105 To sprout ; to shoot forth ; 
 
 121 7 to ibsue. 
 hwt chai ; to grow rich. hwt si ; to take an 
 
 oath. hwt hieh ; to put forth leaves. hwfc 
 siin ; to sprout. hwt ke ; to increase as a 
 
 family, hwt pia" khu tii-gu ; dispatch soldiers 
 to repulse them. hwt ge ; to bud. hwt ge ; 
 hwt khi; to teeth. hwt mo"; to grow hairy, 
 hwt-khi lai ; to spring up and grow, hwt ie" 
 cun ; to dispatch a gun-boat. tau hwt g§ Ifo ; 
 the peas have sprouted, hwt toa"; issue a per- 
 mit, hwt hiie ; to send off goods. hwt hue ; 
 to send off on a return journey, hwt chut lai ; 
 to send forth, hwt-np; hwt-nau; get irritated. 
 sit hwt bue coi ; its wings are not yet fully 
 grown. hwt meng ci kai tp-H ; set forth this 
 doctrine clearly, hwt se"; to put forth, ai" cp- 
 ni khai-hwt ? In what way is it to be set forth ? 
 i cia" khui-hwt pat-tp-khu; he understands 
 the exposition of it. i i"-keng ta-hwt nang 
 
 khu lio; he has already dispatched a messenger, 
 hwt-lph kui" khu sim ; he has gone to the 
 district city to try cases. hwt ko ; become 
 
 mouldy, hwt tak mueh ; hwt mueh ; develop 
 a poisonous swelling. hwt kua"; to perspire, 
 hwt jiet ; hwt juah ; have fever, hwt sim-raih 
 pe" ? What disease has he ? hwt sie ui chin ; 
 have fever and ague. hwt ciu-moh ; have a 
 rash from drinking wine, hwt khau-nie; issue 
 rations. hwt kang-ci"; pay wages. tang i 
 lai hwt-lph ; wait till be comes and gives the 
 orders. kau jieh coi hiio cia" hwt tak ? How 
 old was he when he got promotion ? 
 
 tet hwt 122 A penalty; to fine; to 
 W\ 122 9 punish. 
 
 heng-hvvt; punishment. sie" hwt hun mSng ; 
 the rewards and punishments are distinctly set 
 forth. hwt ciu sa" pue; forfeit three glasses 
 of wine (by being ma(ie to drink them), hwt 
 
180 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 hong ; forfeit a part of one's salary, ^ua ki° 
 h<vt M ; I am going to mulct you. hwt i nQ 
 kai ngun ; fined him two dollars. toa-tda 
 
 tieh khut i hvvt; let him mulct you to any 
 amount. hwt khwn ; a fine. ceh-hwt ; to 
 punish. hwt tieh i r7i su- hok; he would not 
 submit to the fine, khin hwt, tSng hwt rli sie 
 tang, to tieh hwt; some pay a light penalty and 
 some a heavy one, but all must be punished. 
 
 /V 
 
 hwt 116 A cave ; a hole in the earth 
 230 or hillside ; a burial place ; 
 a den. chan-hwt ; a lurking place, siang k6 
 tiang-si cu si hwt-ku; in the most ancient 
 times were the cave dwellers, ci cek h^t sua" 
 si ti-tiang kai ? Whose burial place is this ? 
 si a,u cng co cek hwt ; after they died^ they 
 were buried in the same grave, tiara hwt, ^i" 
 tfam tit tieh ; in pointing out a burial place 
 the point is to point out one. cam tui hwt- 
 
 tau, c\a" a hau-nglam ; lance in a vital part, 
 then there is efiicacy iu it. 
 
 hwt 9 Reduce to order. 
 
 122 4 khi pia° khu hwt ; raise troops 
 and go and reduce them to order. chfa" lu 
 
 Ifii cak-hwt ; invite you to act as arbitrator. 
 
 "^^ hwt 4 Exhausted ; defective. 
 ^^, 122 4 nftng slm si kliini-hwt ; I am 
 very weary. mih miioh to b5i khueh-hwt ; 
 
 there is nothing unsupplied. 
 
 /-ft- i 9 He, she, it, and their plurals. 
 1/ 271 4 cl kiii r pang kau i si-cia° si- 
 c^a°; set these chairs straight. ua ai", i i7i ; I 
 wanted to but he would not. b6 i, cu hai su ; 
 without him, we could not get along. si i a 
 si lu ? Is it he or you ? ham i lai ; tell her to 
 come here, ci'a si i kai a si lu-kai ? Is this his 
 or yours ? lu thoi" i ho me ? Do you think it 
 is good ? lu kio i io siang hd, lia thph lu kio 
 i ta"; you are quite intimate with him, and so 
 I will leave it to you to tell him. i-kai sa° 
 
 phua h'o ; her tunic is torn. i jleh coi hue ? 
 How old is she ? khut i co-pu khu; let him 
 go with you. ua bo ai° pun i ; I am not going 
 to give him any. ci clioh cu-cheh thfth i h<5 ; 
 pile up these books nicely. thau-mo luah i 
 
 kng ; comb your hair smoothly. chu pang hu 
 gQa la i ta ; spread it outside and let it dry. 
 lu thoi" i oi se" ko a boi ; you see whether it 
 has become mouldy or not. M kai su U kau i 
 iap-thiap iap-thiap ; do up your work very 
 neatly. i ta" i m ; he says he won't, phah i ; 
 beat him. hai" i ; pay it to him. ai" sal i } 1 
 
 wish to send them on errands. i kai chfa 
 
 thia"; her hand is sore. phah i kai kha ; 
 
 struck him on the foot. si i kai a m si ? It ia 
 his is it not ? ai° khu i ko to ; am going to 
 
 sit with him. i kai cih se" tai ; his tongue ia 
 furred, ua iS, i bo ; I have some, he has none. 
 
 i 76 A clothes-horse. 
 274 9 i-ke ; a clothes-rack. lam nng 
 m tftng i-k^; the sexes must not use the same 
 clothes-horse. 
 
 ■^ 
 
 70 From ; at ; by ; with, in. 
 \ 1118 ~4 i m khiu i nfing; he asks not 
 
 i kira sa° ni Ho ; it is now 
 l(i i sim hd ji'm ; exercise 
 
 help from man. 
 
 three years since 
 
 patience heartily. sui si cie°-se co to bd iah 
 
 1 su ; although that be done, it will be of no 
 
 advantage in this case. 
 
 ik^r 
 
 9 To trust to ; to rely on ; to con- 
 271 6 form to. 
 i-kQ ; depend upon. i si i-k6 tl-tlang co au- 
 
 piah-sua" ? On whom does he rely to back him 
 up ? b6 i, b6 k6 ; nothing to depend upon. 
 
 bo s<5 i-chi; has nothing to depend on. in i lu 
 c\e'-8e'; do not agree with you in that, cun i ; 
 compliant. tng-<ng sia cun-i kit-cng ; openly 
 signed a written agreement. i huap khu c6 ; 
 go and do it according to the rule. i-jien si 
 cie"-8e°; it was the same as that before. i le" 
 khii ue ; go and draw it according to the pat- 
 tern. i-"gi; according to what was decided 
 upon in conference. i-ku si cie'-so°; that ia 
 the way it was formerly, i-i put sla; I cannot 
 part with you. i-i Iwn-lwn sfa m khui ; I can- 
 not let you go. i-lvvu bo-kfa"; cannot bear 
 separation from his family. i-lwn ku-hie"; 
 strongly attached to his native village. 
 
 ' Aj t i 145 Clothes ; garments ; dress. 
 ^^ 270 i sie"; a trunk. i pau ; a 
 
 cloth used to wrap clothing. phah co i-pau ; 
 do them up in a bundle. i-hok ; garments, 
 
 thng tio i-h6k ; to undress. i kai nang chai, 
 la si cheng i-hok khi lai cu h<5 thoi"; she is one 
 who is comely if she be well dressed. i-h6k 
 phai-chiang ; elegantly apparelled, chgng ho- 
 i ; wear a uniform. sai kau peh-se° i ciah 
 
 chong-cok ; cause the people to have sufficient 
 food and clothing. kia" i ; travelling dress, 
 
 seng-i tiam ; a tailor's shop. i-kwn coi-cfa"; a 
 complete outfit. h5-i ; rain cloaks. 
 
 5/^ \ J49 The conferring of a laudatory 
 PJIIL 764 ~9~ name after death, by the 
 Eiuperor; a posthumous title; to confer pos- 
 thumous titles. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 181 
 
 cm si i kai i ho ; this 13 the title conferred on 
 him since his death. i huap sf ou ciu chio 
 
 cia° u kai ; the custcra of conferring posthu- 
 mous titles existed from the time of the Chau 
 dynasty, i si Jiu i-co mih mla"? What was the 
 name which was conferred upon him by the 
 emperor after his death ? 
 
 - ' *y i 61 Idea ; intention ; thought ; mo- 
 /^\ 282 9" tive. 
 
 ua m cai i kTii i-su ; I do not know what it 
 means. sim-raih i-su ? What does it mean ? 
 
 kak nang kak nung cip cek kai 1 ; each held to 
 his own purpose. lu mai" cip ka-kl kdi i ; do 
 not be tenacious of your own notions. thoi" 
 tieh bo i-su; it appears nonsensical. m-ho i- 
 6U ; disreputable ; a bad idea. i op su bo cii 
 
 bo ] ; he acts without any fixed purpose, i 10 
 6i, tieh chi'a" i lai cu-i; he is clever, and 
 we must ask him to come and determine what 
 shall be done. lu kio ua cu-i ; you decide for 
 me. lia m ka° cii-i kai i; I dare not decide 
 
 upon any design. i cp su toa cii toa i; he acts 
 with great decision, i toa cii toa i khu cp ; he 
 went and did it with great determination, 
 m teng i kai i ; not according to his notiojis. 
 ke-i ill hau"; pretended to be averse to it. te" 
 i ; pretended to be of that mind, lia ho cheiig 
 ho i kio lu ta"; I told you with a good motive. 
 ta° ue bo i-su; talks nonsense. ju-i ; as you 
 
 desire ; a woman's head ornaments. bwn su 
 
 ju-i ; may everything be to your liking, chah 
 ju-i; wear ornaments in the hair. ju-i pS,ng ; 
 an aigrette worn in the hair. ce m ju i-kai \ 
 cu klii ; if everything is not just as he wishes 
 he gets angry. chut nang i gua ; beyond all 
 human expectation. i gua, lio m kau kai su ; 
 something unexpected, and beyond all that 
 had been calculated upon. lii kue i ; not more 
 than was expected, thoi" tieh ci hue kue i cSi ; 
 it appears that this time there is more than we 
 had thought of. i m si ku i cie^-se"; he did 
 not do so intentionally. kii-i ; of deliberate 
 purpose. i fl sim ii i lai sang lu, lii tieh siu ; 
 he has thoughtfully and purposely brought 
 them for you, and you must accept them, 
 tit i cSi ; happily chanced. cieh i cieh i ne ; 
 
 ironical ; a double meaning. m hd khah tieh 
 i ; it is not well to have your mind too strongly 
 Bet upon it. lu thoi" i si sim-mih i-kien ? 
 
 What do you think his opinion to be ? ho i ? 
 What does it mean ? put i j unintentional, 
 
 tia th6i''-ki° lu bo i ai° boi ; I perceive that you 
 have no intention of buying it. b6 j ai° boi ; 
 does not intend to sell. tang sim tang \ ; of 
 
 the same mind, sia i ; make a rough draught. 
 da. m ei kong pit, el i pit ; this is not the clean 
 
 copy, it is the first draught. i pit ^0 oh ue ; 
 
 the rough sketch is the more difficult to draw, 
 hah hi kai i me ? Is it in accordance with 
 your wishes ? thoi" tieh hah i c3,i ; it appears 
 <o be just what I want. hah lia kiii i iu tieh 
 hah lu kai i; it suits me and must also suit 
 you. nin no nang ji ke hue i ; you two under- 
 stand each other. i sng .si ii su i ; he haa 
 private ends. m ho cang i chek-tak ; do not 
 make it up out of your own head. chwn bd 
 6e" i ; has no business capacity, nin mai° se" i 
 khi, tieh hiia-hua ; you must not get cross with 
 each other, you must be good friends, ci kia' 
 su si tl-tiang khi i ? Who was it that started 
 this idea ? i mai" kai i to kp ; it has a hidden 
 meaning. i cwn sim cwn i cp ; he does it 
 heartily. lu kai i si ai° co-ni ? What is 
 your idea about it ? lu i ai" ho ui ? What 
 would you have? thoi" chut i fx hvvn i; 
 perceive that he has changed his mind, hien- 
 hien chut i kai cia" i ; shows his real motives, 
 i chvvn bp sa" sim no i ; he has no two minds 
 about it. ce ta" i cii hio i; as soon as you 
 speak he will catch the idea. kim khue tit i 
 nang, la si c6i° khue sit i nang; those who 
 at this examination attain their wish, are those 
 who at former examinations failed to attain 
 their wish. si kam cheng, i ngvvn ; it is done 
 cordially. i be sim wn ; his will is like a 
 horse's and his heart like an ape's ; he is 
 strong and inconstant, ciig kai bo pit i ; there 
 is no meaning in the strokes of the pen. lip 
 1 ; to make up the mind ; to determine. 
 
 /^A i 184 Comfits ; tidbits. 
 ppt 275 6 i-thng; barley sugar; sweet- 
 meats. 
 
 pg* i 37 Barbarians ; to kill. 
 
 y7^ 276 ^ i-jin; barbarians. i kaa-cok ; 
 
 slay the whole race. i-pang ; foreigners. i- 
 
 tek ; northern savages. m^ng-i ; southern 
 
 savages. 
 
 ^^ i 115 To transpose; to shift; to move; 
 ^S^ 274 6 to change the place or direction 
 of. i khui khu ; to move off. i-siia io kun ce ; 
 move it up a little nearer. i bun khu i kp ; 
 
 sent off a dispatch to him. I khua ciu kin ; 
 
 to accommodate with a timely loan, i-np u no 
 sa" peh ngun cieh i eng ; borrow two or three 
 hundred dollars in order to lend it to him. 
 cia si thoi i i-np kai ; this borrowed from an- 
 other and lent to him. i lai, cieh khui; borrow 
 and lend. chim po lang i ; it is very difficult 
 for me to get away a single step. put 16ng i- 
 gk ; it cannot be altered. i hue ciap b&k ; to 
 graft flowers on a tree, i hua tha nang ; i hua 
 
182 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 pkng p^fc nfi,ng ; shift the trouble off upon an- 
 other, i si thu-lQa ; lay a corpse at a person's 
 door in order to criminate him. cek cwn i cu 
 kang cu hd-hd ; just tmnspose them and they 
 will be all right. ce ta" tia''-tieh cu bo kdi-i; 
 after having settled the point there is to be no 
 change, hd i b6 ek ; without change or altera- 
 tion, i kui khueh-hun lai i kliut Id, lu kui 
 khueh-hun lai i khut i ; transfer his liabilities 
 to you, and yours to him. thih pit, bo i ; 
 written with an iron pen and unalterable. 
 
 ! 154 To reward the worthy ; to 
 274 8 obtain promotion for another; 
 to get reward due to one's self transferred to 
 another, i-caiig peh-cek pe-bo ; gain rank for 
 uncles and parents after their death. i-hong 
 sa" to ; he got his ancestors for three genera- 
 tions ennobled. chia" i-hong; ask for pre- 
 ferment for another, on account of one's own 
 services. 
 
 *«^1 ^ ^® "^^^ sister of one's mother or 
 Hy^ 277 "6 wife. 
 
 a 1; an aunt or sister-in-law. si chi-i a si bp-i ? 
 Is it your wife's sister, or your mother's sister? 
 i-pfe ; cousins, whose mothers are sisters. si 
 i-pfe a si ko-pfe ? Is his mother your mother's 
 sister or your father's sister ? toa i ; mother's 
 elder sister. soi i ; mother's younger sister, 
 
 ji i ; a sister-in-law, the one next to the eldest, 
 ko ! ku klm long-cong lai ; aunts and uncles 
 all came. 
 
 J\ i 72 Easy, not difficult. 
 / 281 4 iong-i cSi ; facile. b6 hie" iong- 
 i noh ! It is not so easily done ! ta" khf lai lu 
 si iong-iong i-i ; it is very easy to talk about. 
 ce ta" phua, thoi" tieh cii iong-i ; after being 
 explained it appears very easy. 
 
 ^^ i 61 Virtuous ; admirable. 
 ^L> 284 16 i tek; eminently virtuous, 
 huaiig-ho kai meng k\e-co i ci; the command 
 of the empress is called her virtuous will. i 
 huam ; an example worthy of esteem. 
 
 i 129 To practise and become 
 284 7 skilled in. 
 i ngiap ; to acquire a trade, or profession. 
 
 i 102 Diverse ; strange ; odd, 
 J^^ 281 6 different. 
 i ie"; a rare sort. i jin ; a singular person. i 
 bun ; strange reports. I kien ; rarely seen, i 
 jit ; another day. si-hau bo i, nang bo i, pe"- 
 ceng la bo i, ii si eng ieh h^u-lio m tang ; 
 sometimes when the weather is as usual, the 
 
 person as usual, and disease the same, the 
 medicine used has not the .same effect. i su; 
 a queer thing. cia cu i lio ; this is odd. I 
 kok ; strange countries. tai tang sfo i ; a 
 
 great resemblance with few points of difference, 
 khi-i ; strange, i-twn ; here.sy. cong sin bo I; 
 unvarying. kuai-i ; marvellous. keng kht 
 lip i ; venerate on account of strangeness. 
 
 I 145 Posterity ; descendants. 
 284 7 Ru-i chiang-seng ciii ; his 
 posterity is very numerous, cia si i kai mio-i ; 
 these are his remote descendants. l-sun ; 
 
 immediate descendants. 
 
 a 
 
 — f — 
 
 ^ f" 9 Because of ; by means of ; in 
 278 8 order to; from, to, in, at, wliere- 
 in; the manner or instrument of. s(5 f"; there- 
 by, sd-f lia m ka" kia" khui ; therefore I did 
 not dare walk away. sd-i" tieh kun-sin ; for 
 this reason it is necessary to be careful, khd- 
 i" ; khd-i" c6 tit ; it will do passably, ang cie". 
 se" kho-i"; that will answer the purpose. i"-ui; 
 to deem, lia T-ui khd-i" s^ng su ; I think the 
 thing may be done. i m i"-ui sio-li ; he did 
 not consider the disgrace. sfo-li kai su i {"- 
 
 iii thf-min ; what was disgraceful, he deemed 
 honorable. ua f"-ui si lu ; I supposed it was 
 you. pin ci-ko i" cie"; from this point upward, 
 chong chu i" Su ; from this point onward. i° 
 ngi ui 11 ; in integrity there is profit. i" gua 
 bo pat-nftng ; there was no one besides, ho f" ; 
 whereby, lu h6 i° cai ? What means of know- 
 ing have you ? i" c6i° kai su mai" liin ; do not 
 discuss what is past. pin cf-ko i" e to si bo 
 
 eng k&i ; from this point on, they are all 
 worthless. i°-ti ci kia" su ih seng ; it is be- 
 
 cause of this, that the business failed of 
 accomplishment. to si i° si-li kau-chap ; it is 
 solely on account of worldly interests that he 
 associates with them. cu ko i" lai hue pat 
 
 thia"-k\°; from former times this has not been 
 heard of. kii-chu ka i° cie"-se°; therefore 
 
 counseled in this manner. si i" tieh cai; con- 
 sequently must know. 
 
 J^h i" ^ An ancient instrument carved 
 |i|/\ 1126 7 to resemble a recumbent tiger, 
 having twenty-seven notches along its back : 
 when a rod was rapidly drawn over it, the 
 musical instruments stopped. g^uh ce cau 
 
 ai° hiah cQ khia ki tek lai kueh ci kai f kai 
 ka-ciah ; when the musical instruments were 
 about to cease sounding, they took a bamboo 
 and drew it to and fro across the back of the 
 wooden tiger. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 183 
 
 r 9 To trust to ; to rely on. 
 IRJ 279 8 i"-ko ; to rely upon. f"nai;to 
 depend upon, i" si ; rely on personal influence. 
 
 Ei" 49 A sign of the perfect tense ; al- 
 278 ready ; to have done with. 
 i"-keng si'a li'o ; have written it already. jit i" 
 kue ngo ; it is already past noon, me" i" chim 
 lio ; tlie night is already far advanced. lu i"- 
 keng in-tap lia ; you have already given me 
 your answer. lia i°-keng kio lu ta" ku-a hue ; 
 I have already told you several times. jit 1"- 
 keng ua° lio ; it is already late in the day. put 
 tit i" kai su ; something that cannot be done 
 otherwise. put tit i" tieh thia" i ; there is no 
 other way but to do as he says. i"-jien kai 
 
 eu ; what is irrevocable. put kiie ang cie°-so'' 
 ju i"-i" ; only this and notliing more. 
 
 Jv i" 75 A chair ; a seat ; a couch. 
 /R| 279 8 cek ciah kau-i"; an arm-chair, 
 rain-i'"; a couch. be cah i"; a folding chair, 
 
 i" tio ; a trestle. i° toh ; a large square stool. 
 i°-tha.u ; a stool. pang lS,i chng-i" mueh-kia"; 
 the bedroom furniture. bo i" ho co; there is 
 no chair to sit on. chau i"; arrange the chairs, 
 r chau khui ce ; set the chairs a little farther 
 apart. chau i" khut i co ; place chairs for 
 
 them to sit on. kui° kha be i"; a high bench, 
 tiig tio i"; a long bench. ke i"; a low chair, 
 
 i" tien ; a sofa cushion, i" phi ; a tidy, kau-i" 
 phin ; the back of a chair. kau i" chia ; the 
 
 arm of a chair, kau i" toi ; the seat of a chair, 
 i" tliek ; i" hue"; rungs of a chair. tin-i"; 
 
 rattan chairs, cieh chng, cieh i"; marble tables 
 and couches. 
 
 i° 27 The thorax of shell-fish. 
 1088 17 hoi i°; the sternum of a crab, 
 pe-khi kai i"; the lower shell of a land-crab, 
 chie kau i" tlua"; laughed till my sides ached. 
 
 jgu r 86 The house swallow or martin. 
 "J"y\ 1090 12 i" cfo ; the swallow. i" tau ; 
 swallows' nests. peh i"; a white martin. o 
 nek i"; the ray. 
 
 i°-bi Pearl barley. 
 fiijt 278 i"-bi-jin; maise. V-bi mue"; 
 barley water. boi choh khiam-sit i°-bi lai 
 pu tu-kha ; buy some watei'-lily root, and some 
 barley to cook with the pigs' feet. 
 
 i» 
 1132 
 
 31 
 10 
 
 Round ; spherical ; circular. 
 
 ai° si-pang a ai" i" ? Do you 
 want it square or round ? ue kai i''-kho ; 
 
 draw a cix'cle. cek khuang i"-i"; a circular 
 
 enclosure. cek khwu i"-!"; a vertical circle. 
 
 so lai m i°; in rolling it between the thumb and 
 fingers you have not made it round. i° miia"; 
 rounded off ; completed. i"-!" mua"-mua°; 
 
 quite finished up. cek toa i"; a largo round 
 
 object, pua" i"; a semi-circle. tong 1"; a half 
 a dollar. ka co i" kai ; cut it round. i co su 
 khah pang, i co .su lo i"; this one does things 
 more precisely, the other does them the more 
 accommodatingly. jii" i" ai" pi" sui to i; let 
 it be round or flat, as he chooses. siah i i°; 
 
 whittle it off round. i" long-long ; spherical, 
 globular. 
 
 Hrf i" 3 A pill; a pellet; a small ball. 
 y*{j 246 2 kap CO ieh-i"; make it up into 
 pills, ciah cek hok ieh-i"; take a dose of pill.<». 
 lah-i"; pills enclosed in wax. lah-i" khak ; the 
 wax which encloses a pill, hua ieh-i"; concoct 
 pills. 60 ieh-i"; roll up into pills. cu-hun i°; 
 pellets made from potato starch. cut-bi i"; 
 
 pellets made from glutinous rice. mng kha u 
 nting boi sie i"; there is so.me one at the door 
 selling hot pellets. bo i° ia u cap ; though 
 
 there are no dumplings there is some of the 
 soup. bo i" cap a lai ; though you cannot 
 
 have the dumplings it is something to have the 
 soup in which they were boiled. 
 
 i" 109 To sleep ; to lie down. 
 782 8 i khu i" 16 ; he has just gone 
 to bed. ciah lio tiam-tiam i"; having eaten, he 
 sleeps undisturbed. 
 
 vXi 10 
 
 112 An ink-stone. 
 1090 7 pit bak i"; writing implements. 
 
 hia" i" ti ; schoolmates. 
 
 lau khe" i"; bua. 
 chwn thih i"; a very fine inkstone. ci kai si 
 bak i", hu kai si ngun-cu i"; this stone is for 
 black ink and that is for red ink. i" kau ; i" 
 ti ; the furrow at the end of an ink-stone, i" 
 tng ; the flat surface of an ink-stone. i° ap; 
 the box which holds an ink-stone. 
 
 A public establishment ; a 
 hall ; an asylum ; a walled 
 
 US I" 170 
 tyC 1137 7 
 enclosure. 
 
 png po-i"; I, the governor- general. sun-bu 
 
 po-l"; lieutenant governor. cu-i"; a college, 
 khla cu-l"; at college. kam i"; take charge of 
 a school or college. toa kiie kong-i"; bigger 
 than an examination hall. hak-i°; literary 
 
 chancellor. thi-tok hak-i"; a chancellor who 
 conducts military examinations. iang ci i"; 
 
 ku lau i"; an asylum for the aged. khut cf 
 
 kai am-kwn ji-i° tin tio toa-bo-mueh ti-hng ; 
 much ground is rendered useless by this monas- 
 tery and its attachments. 
 
184 
 
 DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 I'a 166 A wilderness ; a moor; savage. 
 1079 4 kliuang-i'a; a waste. sua" I'a 
 kui n&ng ; mountaineers. ia se" bfle tfi ; his 
 
 wild disposition is not yet tamed, la bl; gamey 
 flavor, fa kfa"; a savage. ci kai nang la cfti ; 
 this person is very rude and fierce. cliang fa; 
 wild land. I6ng-hu ia-jin ; savage yeomen. 
 
 la 88 Sire; noblemen; divinities; 
 1079 9 officeis. 
 thiii-ia ; your worship, the district magistrate. 
 I2iu-ia; an officer, a nobleman, or a male divinity, 
 toa ia, jl ia, sam ia ; an officer, his servant, and 
 tjervant's attendant. iJlu thai la ; your lienor, 
 the prefect. ia mng ; the servants or attaches 
 in a yamun. kong ia ; your grace, the duko. 
 EU ia ; a private secretary. a la ; sire ; esquire, 
 pki iSu-ia ; worship the gods. sui l&u-ia ; set 
 up gods. he iSu-ia ; make known to the god. 
 h5ng lS,a-ia ; make offerings to a god. 
 
 ^*y^ ia 130 To carry on tlie back. 
 |~J 669 5 la a-n^"; to carry a child 
 pic'kback. i b5i k!a°, tieh ia i ; he cannot 
 
 walk and must bo carried pickback. 
 
 \n* la 8 Also ; moreover ; likowsise. 
 yy 1093 4 el kai la h(5 ; this also is good. 
 cie"-se" ia hd, h\e"-se" la h(5 ; either will do. Ia 
 el bo nai kai ; neither is it durable. Ia miii" 
 mug i ; do not ask him either, ci k&i la si kun- 
 cu nang; he is likewise a cultured person. Ia m 
 si hi lai ta", via clu iTi kheng ; had you not come 
 and told me, I should not have been willing. 
 
 ia 64 To scatter ; to sow broadcast. 
 721 12 la ceng-ci ; to sow seed. Ia bf 
 kliut koi ciah ; scatter some rice for the fowls 
 to eat. mui" la" cek koi°; do not scatter it all 
 about, ia chek ; to sow paddy. 
 
 — ia" — 
 
 ia" 109 To glance at. 
 
 686 12 khut xia ia"-ki'; I got a 
 glimpse of it. ua i'a" mfik, chin-chie" thoi". 
 
 ki"; I glanced at it, as in taking a hasty look, 
 la" mfi.k, chin-chie" si i ; at a momentary view, 
 it appears to be he. i kai cu, ce ia" mak cu 
 pat; he knows his lesson after just a slight 
 glance at it. Iti ia°-th6i" tieh cHi-se"; you take 
 a look at it and see what sort of things it is. 
 
 A shadow ; 
 image. 
 
 a picture or 
 
 jit ia"; a shadow cast by the sun. gueh ia"; a 
 shadow made by the moon, nang la", chiu ia", 
 hue ia"; shadows of people, trees, and shrubs. 
 
 sua" ia"; reflections of natural scenery in water, 
 nang la" c\e tQ ti toi ; a person's image reflected 
 in a pool. teng ia"; shadows made by lamp 
 
 light. kia" toi kai ia"; the image in a mirror. 
 b6 ia"; there is no evidence of it. bo ia" bd 
 
 ciah ; there is no trace of it. bd la" no ; there 
 is no truth in it. fi la" ciah ; there is evidence 
 of its reality. bQe si u la"; there are as yet no 
 signs of its being real, i ta" kau fi la" fl ciah ; 
 he gives corroborative proof. lu thoi" Q ia" a 
 b6? Do you consider that it is founded on fact? 
 fl ia" hiang a b6 ? Are there visible or audible 
 signs of it ? chQe cio" kii hwn-llo bo ia" bo 
 
 hiang ; have sought it so long and yet there are 
 no signs of it to be found, chwn b6 ia" hiang; 
 bd ia" b6 hiang ; no proof of its existence given 
 to the ear or the eye. la°.sie"; a likeness, 
 
 huh-ce-kje, th6i".k"i" i k&i la"; suddenly saw 
 his similitude. hd hdiig lo u la"? Without 
 
 substance bow can there be a shadow ? bo ia" 
 thah ; a pagoda that casts no shadow, si Iftng- 
 thdng cua-ia", a si peh jl ciia-la"? Do these 
 puppets casting shadow pictures, speak the 
 mandarin dialect or the colloquial ? ia" hi; a 
 play performed by pup|>ets casting shadows on 
 a screen. k&i ia" cu so" k^i kia"; the shadow 
 repeats itself. 
 
 la' 162 To go on a circuit. 
 1112 9 ia" lau-la; take idols out 
 for an airing in a procession. si la" jit bp la" 
 me"; they carry him around in the day-time, 
 not in the night. cai hi"-ci" lio, liah khu ia" 
 si mng-thau ; having pierced his ear with an 
 arrow, they carry liim around by force to 
 people's doors as a show. ia" sin; to get up 
 
 processions in honor of the gods. Ia" teng ; 
 
 the feast of lanterns. ia" keng ; to exhibit 
 
 tableaux in a procession. 
 
 la" 61 Perturbed; afraid; terrified. 
 
 251 9 thong po kai nang cng kai 
 kia°.ia°; all the people in the mart were greatly 
 alarmed. hai kau i tang-me" kia"-kia" ia - 
 
 ia"; kept them in fear and trembling the whole 
 night through. iIi cai sim I5i kia"-ia" mih 
 
 su; do not know why he is so much perturbed, 
 i cug kai hd kia" bd ia"; he feels no appre- 
 hension. 
 
 m^ ia" 19 
 Wf 771 lo 
 
 To conquer ; to win ; to over- 
 come ; to get the victory ; to 
 excel ; superior ; best. 
 
 i cek nang cien ia" i ceng nang ; he alone con- 
 quered the whole of them in the fight. mih 
 su to ai° CO kau ia"; in whatever one does, he 
 wishes to excel in it. lu ia" kiie i; you surpasa 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 185 
 
 hitn. ia" i toa-b<5-muoh ; greatly superior to 
 bim. caa ia°; to outrun, k ia"; get the better 
 of in an argument. i p6i°-pien kbu ia"; be 
 
 bad the best of it in tbe debate. phah ia"; 
 won the battle. i si thS,i ia° a si thai su ? 
 
 Did he win or lose tbe battle ? puab la"; to 
 win in gambling. 
 
 ^^ la" 86 A camp ; military ; a corps 
 S 1107 13 of an array, 
 bii ia"; a military camp. ia" ngo ; kun la"; 
 
 the army. jip la"; to enlist as a soldier. ia" 
 pua"; a camp. chin kun-la°; the household 
 
 guards, toa la"; the bead-quarters of an army. 
 gu ia"; tbe Emperor's bead-quarters. ia" cu ; 
 the commandant of a intrenchment. ci kai 
 tin kwn u jieb coi la" ? How many corps bas 
 tbis general under bis command ? kla" la"; i 
 ia"; move the camp. kla" kun cap ia"; to 
 
 encamp in another place. chang la", cbang to 
 ti-ko ? Where have they intrenched themselves? 
 buang nang lai than ia"; dispatch some one to 
 surprise the camp. seng me" kbu kiap la"; 
 
 went and plundered tbe camp by night. khi 
 pia" khu phah i kai la"; raise troops to attack 
 their camp. lau i to siu ia"; leave them to 
 guard the camp, ia" ce ; the enclosure around 
 a camp, la" mng ; the entrance to a camp. 
 
 — iab — 
 
 tt-Lk iab 30 To vomit ; to spew out. 
 IlL. 920 3 a-no" co-nl c]e"-sl ai° iab nl ? 
 Why does tbe baby throw up its milk lately ? 
 clab h'o iab chut lai ; threw it up after swallow- 
 ing it. i ci no jit iab hueb ; be has vomited 
 blood these last two days. 
 
 ^^^ iab 108 To benefit; to advance tbe 
 jnIL 1092 6 interests, 
 bo iab ; of no benefit. ti siin, b6 iah ; it is 
 
 all loss, and no profit. bo li-iah ; not advan- 
 tageous, u sim-mili iah chu ng ? Of what 
 advantage is it ? tSi Q iah ; very beneficial. 
 p6-iah sin-bun ; good for the health. khiam 
 si ii iah ; humility advances one's interests, 
 iab-bp-chau ; boneset. chap ci k^i pheng-iu 
 cu ii iab ; to associate with this friend will 
 promote your interests. 
 
 iab 187 A government post ; a sta- 
 >'^^ 1094 13 tion. 
 
 iab cam ; a post-station. kau iah-c5m cu ua"; 
 change at the post-station, lah-seng s6i-s6i si 
 lau-tia"; the governor of a post-station, be it 
 ever so small, is still a goveriiDr. iab be ; post 
 horses. 
 
 lab 72 The sixty-four diagrams. 
 
 281 4 mia"-ke phok lab ; expert in 
 divining by diagrams. c/ hue kliu phok kfti 
 lab-khue ; now went and had his fortune told 
 by diagrams. iah H si chim kai ; the doctrine 
 of the diagrams is a deep one. cang lab-kbiie 
 ce chui-sng bQe lai kai eu cQ oi soi" cai ; by 
 reckoning from the diagrams one may know 
 the future, iah-kia"; The Book of Changes. 
 
 jtjj iab 64 To beckon. 
 ^ P^ 31 5 iah i lai ; beckon to bim to 
 approach. cang chi'u iah i ; beckon to bira. 
 
 thoi" i cang si" i6 iah ua; saw him motioning 
 to me with his fan. lab i bua lai ta" ue ; 
 
 beckon to bim to come and speak with me. 
 
 lab 142 A general name for moths, 
 890 9 millers, and sphinges, 
 boi-iah ; brilliant moths or butterflies, boi-iah 
 to chai hue ; the butterflies flit from flower to 
 flower. ci kai boi-iah p^ng lai kui" cSi ; this 
 kite, made in imitation of a butterfly, has been 
 sent up very high. cang cua ko kai boi-iah ; 
 make a butterfly kite of paper. thai-kp Iah ; 
 a large gray moth. iah-thau kai 6i ; shoes 
 
 having butterfly shaped ornaments on the toes, 
 teng kliut teng-lab phah kue ; the lamp bas 
 been extinguished by a small gray moth's fly- 
 ing into it. choi" pi" tau-jin Su cu pi" cp lab ; 
 the silk-worm changes into a grub and after- 
 ward into a moth. toa ciii iah ; moths that 
 are numerous in floods and heavy rains. 
 
 — iak — 
 
 ^At iak 120 To bind, to restrict ; to re- 
 Tt*J 1117 3 trench ; about ; nearly, 
 iak-liak ; iak liang ; about that; thereabouts; 
 iak-liak u jieb coi ? About how much is there ? 
 cia si put kue iak kai tSi-liak ; this is nothing 
 more that an approximate estimate. tS.i-iak ; 
 for tbe most part ; on the whole ; in a general 
 way. tS.i-iak kau cek choi" ngun kai to ; 
 
 aproximately calculated, it would amount to 
 about a thousand dollars. iak-sok ; to res- 
 
 train ; to repress ; to keep in subjection, i iak- 
 sok bu lai kai nang, iak-sok kau ngiam c5i ; 
 be keeps those who are within, in very com- 
 plete subjection. m pi hia bp iak bo sok hue; 
 not like those who are under no restrain, 
 khiam-iak ; frugal. iak kai pang-bd ; fix a 
 
 limit. 
 
 iak 157 To skip, to caper, to leap. 
 1118 14 i cp su long- iak cS,i ; he does 
 things with effusion. ceng nang long-cong 
 
 iong-iak; all were eager, i iak-iak ne ; be is 
 
186 
 
 DtCTIONART OP THE SWATOW DIALECT*. 
 
 very frif^ky. lu tlioi" i iak-iak n6, cp kh^ng 
 6ti-h6k n&ng ; you see tLat he is very full of 
 life, and will not willingly be tamed down. 
 
 iam 64 To merge in a seasoning or 
 ^ , 654 6 dressing, 
 ci'a tieh iam si-iu tbng clio ; this must have a 
 dressing of soy, sugar, and vinegar. iam peh 
 cho ; put simple vinegar on it. 
 
 iara 1C9 To castrate ; to geld. 
 
 1083 8 iara-koi ; a capon, iam-jin ; 
 a eunuch. iam-hwn ; doorkeepers in the 
 
 harem. thai-kam to bI iara kui ; the door- 
 
 keepers of the harem are eunuchs, thien iam ; 
 eunuchs from birth, iam khu tu sleu ; imper- 
 fectly gelded. 
 
 f am 147 To peep ; to peek ; to spy. 
 
 46 2 iam thoi" i to me ; peep and 
 see if he is there. i khu thau iam i ; he went 
 and peeped furtively at her. jtm iam, fam m 
 ki°; tried to peek in but could not. iam mug 
 phang; peep through a crack in tho door, 
 iam choi^-li-kia"; look through a spy-glass. 
 
 iam 9 To sink under water. 
 
 1086 9 ci ki cie" 6i iam ciii ; this oar 
 einks in the water. iam bii siu bfin si thi"-e 
 th^i-pheng ; when military men sink and civil- 
 ians swim, the whole world is at peace. piia" 
 iam ciii ; half in and half out of water. 
 
 To screen from observation ; 
 to hide from view ; to shade 
 
 \am 157 To step across ; to pass over. 
 
 468 6 iam tui i sin teng kiie ; step 
 across over his body. kha mai° iam tieh i ; 
 
 do not step over it. kiii kiii a-no''-kia", td 
 
 Jam chu gu, h6°, th6 ; several children playing 
 leap-frog. 
 
 Iara 197 Salt. 
 
 1086 18 phak iam ; to evaporate salt 
 in the sun. iam chiang; a salt shed, iam 
 
 teng; salt-makers. lam sie°; salt-merchants. 
 !am-Qn-Bi ; a salt-commissioner. Rhi iam ; 
 
 make salt, kua" iam ; salt that has paid duty, 
 cia si lung-su ciah iam ; this is a little salt for 
 daily use. iam, cau, cho, cie"; salt, malt, 
 
 vinegar and sauces. iam chft bi si io-kin kai; 
 salt, wood, and rice, are necessaries. o iara, 
 p3h iam ; uncleansed salt, and cleansed salt, 
 iara hn ; fine salt. iam lu ; the brine in damp 
 salt, seh ce iam ; sprinkle in a little salt, seh 
 ce poh iam ; sprinkle in a thin layer of salt. 
 che''-iam; soda, huai-iam ; salt-petre. 
 
 iam 64 
 
 1088 8 
 and conceal. 
 
 i si td cia-iam kai iie ; his talk is intended to 
 keep the facts from being discovered, ua thoi" 
 i si t6 iam-sek kai ; I consider that he is acting 
 hypocritically. cia-iam kau bo n&ng cai ; 
 
 kept closel}' concealed so that no one knows, 
 piia" iam nmg ; a half-closed door ; half con- 
 cealed, cang th6 iam biia ; cover it over with 
 clay. 
 
 iam 184 Satiated; to cloy; distasteful. 
 
 1089 14 iam cQa"; sated. tham tit 
 bo iam ; the avaricious are never satisfied, ciah 
 boi iam ; cannot eat enough of it. thoi" boi 
 iam ; never satisfied with seeing. m cai iam 
 cok ; insatiable. ciah tieh iam ; have eaten it 
 till 1 am sick of it. peh thak put iam ; an 
 insatiable reader. kii cu leng nang iam ; one 
 may outstay a welcome. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 iam 86 Hot ; ardent ; fiery. 
 
 1085 4 thi''-khi lam-jiet; thi"-sl 1am- 
 juah ; the weather is very hot. si-chSng sIm 
 si iam liang ; the world is very fickle. lam. 
 
 juah k&i 8i-hau tieh cai thau Hang ; when it it 
 hot one must take cooling food. 
 
 ^^ iam 86 The fury of a fire. 
 Fvv 1091 12 hue-iam; flaraes. hue-!am 
 
 li-li seng khi lai ; the flames continue to flare 
 up. hiie-iam uak-uak-kie ; the flames mutter. 
 
 Iam 139 Glossy ; sleek. 
 ^Q 1091 13 lam-li ; slick. 
 lam-Iam; its feathers are very glossy. 
 Iam ; exceedingly sleek. 
 
 i kai m6' 
 ne lam- 
 
 — lang — 
 
 jfL. iang 87 The middle ; the centre. 
 ^7^ 1070 2 pang to tong-iang; put it in 
 the middle. tong-iang teng pang cek tie" 
 
 chng ; set a table in the centre. sai-pang 
 
 tong-iang kp ; put it in the middle. hue-hfig 
 kai tong-iang teng ceng u cek cang chlu ; in 
 the middle of the garden a tree had been 
 planted. 
 
 T^ilf iang 78 A visitation ; a misfortune 
 X7V 1070 5 from above, 
 bu kai tl-hng cau iang; that region has met 
 with calamity. cai-iang; afflictions. hQa 
 iang ; a punative calamity. cp put sien kang 
 cu peh iang ; he who does wickedly will meet 
 with every misfortune. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 187 
 
 I'ang 184 
 1072 6 
 
 To rear ; to nourish ; to 
 
 bring up. 
 
 iang cu thai lau; bring up a son preparatory to 
 old age. iang sin ; to refresh the spirits. pe- 
 b<5 iang-iok ksli un ; the kindness of our pa- 
 rents in nourishing us in childhood. t&ng soi 
 to i ko iang toa ; brought up from childhood 
 by him. ci kui kia° si chin se" kai a si iang 
 
 kai ? Is this an own or an adopted child ? si 
 iang kTii ; it is an adopted one. ta" tieh cai 
 
 phue-iang ce ; must now take care to nurse 
 the health. tieh khua°-khua" p6-iang ; must 
 gradually invigorate the strength. p6-iang 
 
 ein-thoi ; recuperate the physical strength, 
 cang ieh lai pd-iang ; take medicine to increase 
 the vigor. ham-iang ; placid. chio-theng 
 iang lau cun hien ; the government pensions 
 the as:ed and honors the wise. 
 
 m 
 
 iang 72 Glare ; reflected light. 
 
 1108 6 iang soil thak cu; study by 
 the light reflected from the snow. iang ciii ; 
 the glare from water, iang-sie"; a photograph. 
 
 iang 104 An ulcer ; a sore. 
 
 1071 9 chng-iang ; bad sores, that 
 destroy the skin. chng-iang, ci cek lui pe" to 
 bI sok gua khue ; sores are reckoned among ail- 
 ments which are subject to external treatment. 
 
 iang 
 1072 
 
 to know. 
 
 9 To simulate ; to feign. 
 
 6 lang-ui put cai ; feigned not 
 
 iang 182 To fly; whirled off; sailing. 
 
 1071 9 khut i iang khu ; it was 
 ■whisked off by him. chi ak nang chin-chie" 
 chi eng, i to khixn cu lai, to pa i cu iang khu ; 
 to feed the wicked is like feeding hawks, when 
 their bellies are empty they come, and when 
 filled they fly off. kia" kau hun-phek pue- 
 
 iang ; so frightened that all my wits departed. 
 
 iang 170 The superior or male 
 1071 9 principle in nature ; the 
 etberial parts of matter ; virility ; brightness, 
 evident; open. 
 
 im iang ; the dual powers. thai-iang; the 
 
 sun. thai-iang-kong rae° cai ; the sun is very 
 hot. iang kang; the land of the living, thi"- 
 Bi tieh u im ii iang cia" ho; there must be both 
 cloudy and bright weather then all is well, 
 iang si; this world. iang-hu; virility, csmg- 
 lang ieh-ciu si sai nang iang-khi cang-kien ; a 
 certain tonic strengthens the animal powers, 
 chong-iang coih ; the ninth of the ninth month, 
 iang siu kai cong ; long lives must come to an 
 end. 
 
 'Sm iang 64 To publish ; to display ; to 
 1070 9 spread abroad ; to splash, 
 ci p5, iang sia"; halt and cry out, piia iang 
 
 to-li; publish abroad the correct doctrines. si 
 hai iang mia"; make known his name every- 
 whei-e. iang rnia" au si; make known his name 
 to after ages. hai put iang po ; the sea did 
 
 not dash its waves. iang pi"; flourish a whip, 
 iang to ; brandish a knife. iang chiu ; wave 
 
 the arms. lu mai" ciang-ciang iang-iang ; do 
 not you bruit it about, gua khau ciang-iang ; 
 noise abroad. iang-iang tit i ; everything to 
 his liking. un ak iang sien ; conceal the evil 
 and publish the good. 
 
 iang 186 To support or nourish a 
 
 1072 6 senior, 
 hong-iang pe-bd ; support one's parents. liu- 
 iang ; diminish his punishment on account of 
 his having to support aged parents. ko cong 
 iang; retire from office to spend one's days in 
 quiet. 
 
 "-HH^ I'lig 61 Carking care ; low spirited. 
 ^\li\ 1074 6 bo iang; free from ap- 
 prehension, i cng kai bo iang ; he is not at 
 all anxious, i bo iang bo iang ne ; he is quite 
 free from solicitude. i co i b6 iang bo iang ; 
 he keeps himself altogether placid. 
 
 >|^ iang 104 To itch ; 
 /.^ 1073 15 cia si bo kwn thong-iang 
 kai su ; this affair is of no importance what- 
 ever, i kio i si thong-iang siang kwn ; they 
 have the same sort of discomfort and can 
 sympathize with each other ; they are of the 
 same ilk, and stand or fall together. 
 
 -Ij3fe iang 75 Style ; mode ; model. 
 T/^ 1073 il hi thoi" i kai iang-cu hd a 
 m-hd ? Do you consider his method good or 
 bad ? sit cS,i ho lang-cu ; really an excellent 
 way. lu thdi° i tie" sim-mih mo^-iang ; see 
 what example he sets. to si it iang ; it is all 
 the same. 
 
 — lap — 
 
 iap 32 To repress ; to conquer. 
 1069 14 m-hd khi-iap nang ; one 
 must not oppress others, chia" tie" hu lai tin- 
 iap ; ask for a charm to overcome it. phai i 
 khu thang-iap; depute him to go and quell it. 
 pun i iap to khu ; was overthrown by him. 
 iap cam ; au awl. 
 
188 
 
 DICTIONAET OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 B^ lap 72 The brilliancy of a flash. 
 =p 1082 12 iap-iap-sih ; to glitter, iap- 
 ce-sih ; flashed. thi" Vang it hue Iap-iap-sih ; 
 there was a flash of zigzag lightning. hu kai 
 iap-ce-sih cie kau tho-e kng-kng; that flash 
 lighted up the earth. 
 
 Ji'jjjj^ lap 142 A butterfly ; a hinge. 
 SJ/V 379 7 lap- tiap ; a butterfly. lap- 
 tiap chwn hue; the butterfly flutters among 
 the flowers. iap-tiap chai hue; the butterfly 
 sips the flowers. thih lup-tiap, tdug iap-tiap; 
 iron or brass hinges. 
 
 — ie — 
 
 5*3^ ie 145 A waistband ; a classifier of 
 ^"^Q 1074 9 garments having waistbands, 
 cek ie kho ; a pair of trowsers. i pftk c6k ie 
 ftiig k6n ; she wears a red petticoat. 
 
 ie 130 The loins ; the waist ; the 
 1074 9 back. 
 h& ie; gird the loins, ie-toa; a girdle, ku ie; 
 round shouldered. thoi" ie ; hunchbacked. 
 
 thSi" heng, tlioi" ie ; humpbacked and hump- 
 breasted, ie ci ; the kidneys. ie-ciah kut ; 
 ie kut ; the backbone. nJlu tieh ie; strained 
 
 his back. cuah tieh le-ciah-kut ; spmined 
 
 his back. tng tieh ie-ciah-kut ; dislocated his 
 spine. tng cih ie-ciah-kut ; broke his back, 
 pftah cih ie-ciah-kut ; fell and broke his back, 
 lu si bo ie-ciah-kut a iTi si ! Have not yon got 
 any back-bone ! lia ie ; lean the back against, 
 pjlk ie ; tie around the waist. puk Ie t6a ; 
 
 tighten the girdle. phang-ie ; small waisted, 
 like a bee. lin-liang ie ; a waist like a wasp's, 
 ie cam ; cut in two in the middle, as a punish- 
 ment, pin pua" ie coih loh kliu ; cut it in two 
 in the middle. pSk ui-ie ; wear a loin cloth, 
 lia ie ; a slender supple waist. ha ie ; bow by 
 bending at the waist only. ie th\a°; backache, 
 tui ie ; beat the back to ease pain. lam i k&i 
 e ie ; lift him off his feet, clasping him around 
 the waist. 
 
 )3 ie 64 To bale out. 
 
 1097 7 I'e chph ciii ; dip out some 
 water. khieh ki kong klm ie; take the dipper 
 and bale it out. bo mueh bd ie ; have nothing 
 to dip with. 
 
 te 116 A kiln ; to bake in a kiln. 
 1075 10 hia ie ; sie hia ie ; a kiln 
 where tiles and bricks are baked, kih kai hia 
 ie ; build a kiln. hui ie ; a kiln for baking 
 
 pottery. Ie mng ; the mouth of the kiln, tlu 
 phua ie ; lives in an old kiln ; a vagrant. 
 
 ie 64 To vibrate; to sway; to wag. 
 a 1075 10 ie 16; work a scull. Ie bue ; 
 wags his tail. ie leng ; ring a hand bell. ie 
 th&u ; to shake the head, i ce thia" tieh, th&u 
 ie biie hi"; as soon as he heard it his head 
 wagged and his tail flopped. Id kia° 15 mki" 
 le-a-Ie ; do not swagger when you walk, i kia" 
 lo to bI ie koi" sin kia°; he always sways to and 
 fro a8 he walks. huang cS chue cQ td ie ; 
 
 whenever the wind blows it swings to and fro. 
 tl°-tx", ie cak ; full measure, shaken down. 
 
 Ie 64 To rattle; to shake ; to joggle. 
 1075 10 hkra bOi Ie ko kui, lai boi sua"; 
 call the rattle man here, and buy some sewing 
 silk, boi kai ie-n& lai Ie a-n6°; buy a cradle to 
 rock the baby in. liii khu Ie hQe ; let's form a 
 loan association. Ie chiam pok khue ; shake 
 the tallies and divine. tfth tieh Ie-16 ; if you 
 step on it, it rattles. Ie i che"; shako him and 
 waken him. tieh soih kau boi Ie-16 ; you must 
 prop it 80 that it won't joggle. ciah iSn, khf 
 cii Ie-16 ; when old the teeth are loose, khut i 
 li6 Ie thit-th6 ; let him amuse himself by rattU 
 ing it. Ie i lok-lok-kie ; shook it and made 
 
 it i-attle. m h<5 ie ; do not joggle it. Ie lie cu 
 ii" hwn cui ; if you joggle it will turn to water. 
 Ie tieh hi4 t6i hwn-lfo fl ; can tell by shaking it 
 that there is still some inside. 
 
 Ie 196 The kite ; its scream portends 
 Tkkl/ 1133 8 wind, kd ciia-Ie ; make a pa- 
 per kite. ci kfii cua-Ie pang lai kui° cSi ; the 
 kite has been sent very high. khiio kue Ie ; 
 
 swifter than a kite. 
 
 n 
 
 le" — 
 
 ie° 9 To transmit orders to an in- 
 1073 4 ferior. ie" che khu che ; send a 
 constable to examine. ie° kiii° pin-hok ; order 
 the district magistrate to respond. 
 
 ie" 184 To rear; to bring up ; to take 
 1072 6 care of. ie° cek khun ie"- 
 
 kia"; rear a flock of kids. cia tng-kiie ie" tu- 
 cai ; this is like rearing little pigs. cie"-ie°; to 
 nurse one's health ; to nourish and care for. 
 tng khu chu cie''-ie° si kai gueh cia" h6k-ngwn; 
 went liome and nursed his health for four 
 months, after which he regained his usual 
 strength. tang s6i-s6i si i cie°-ie'' kau toa ; it 
 was she who brought him up from his infancy, 
 i lai bo nang cie°-ie" i ; he has no one in hia 
 home to take care of him. 
 
 ie" 86 To fuse ; to assay ; to melt. 
 1071 T Ie" kirn, Ie" ngun, ie" siak, ie" 
 tang ; fuse gold, silver, pewter or brass. m 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 189 
 
 b1 eng im liiie ie" m kbu ; it cannot be melted 
 in other than a covered fire. ci ie° tieh eng 
 
 ieb c\a" ho io"; in order to melt this a chemi- 
 cal preparation mnst be used. ie" ka ; melt 
 glue, cia tieh ie° ko hwn lai lin cxa" ho ; this 
 must have some melted alum to dip it in. to 
 huaiig-16 lira kau ie° khu; it has been heated 
 in the furnace till it is melted. 
 
 ie" 75 The arbutus. 
 1071 9 ie"-bue; the Chinese straw- 
 berry. ie"-bue p6 ; the dried fruit of the 
 arbutus tree. ie°-bue thien phau ; ie"-bue 
 kak-tak ; malignant I'ed ulcers. 
 
 tT^ ie° 123 A sheep or goat. 
 *--p 1072 sna"-Ie"; goats. mi"-ie"; 
 
 sheep. ie" kia"; fe" kp ; kids or lambs. ie" 
 kak ; a ram's horn. ie" ko, ie° bp ; a ram and 
 an ewe. ie" nek ; mutton. ie" S,u thui ; a 
 hind-quarter of mutton. ie" coi" thui ; a fore- 
 quarter of mutton. ie" phia"; a spare-rib of 
 mutton. chl ie"; to keep sheep. cie" ie"; to 
 watch sheep. jlo ie"; to drive sheep. ie" 
 khun; a flock of sheep, cek ciah ie"; one sheep, 
 cie" ie" kai nfing ; a shepherd. peh kau-phue, 
 o kau-phue si ie"-kia" phue ; black lamb-skin, 
 and white lamb-skin are the pelts of lambs. 
 chau-cie"-sng si bue chut si kai ie"-kia" phue ; 
 Astrakhan fur is the skin of unborn lambs. 
 
 ie" 142 Blending ; combining ; 
 1147 10 harmonizing. 
 ie"-hue tp-li ; to collate doctrines, i thoi" khu 
 m ie"-hue ; he has not combined the results of 
 his study, cu thak Ho m ie"-hue ; he does not 
 digest what he reads. tie ta" lai ie"-ciap ; his 
 speech was well connected in its parts. 
 
 Vqp ie" 85 Foreign ; the ocean ; vast, 
 -{^ 1072 6 ie" jiu ; foreigners, 
 ie" hue ; foreign goods. ie" cun ; foreign 
 
 shipping. ie" ieh ; ie° hun ; foreign opium, 
 
 ie" ci"; foreign money. kue ie"; go to foreign 
 pai'ts. ch&ng-ie"; the open sea. ie" min ; the 
 surface of the ocean. ie" p6 ; an offing. toa 
 Bai ie"; Europe. si sai ie" nang, a si tang ie" 
 nang ? Is he a European or an Asiatic ? 
 
 1&^ ie" 140 Sprouts, shoots. 
 ^i>fC 1081 17 hwt ki hwt ie"; sends forth 
 branches and sprouts. i khi-th^u-e piuh ie"; 
 it has begun to send out suckers. 
 
 •j^aE Ie" 75 Manner ; style ; pattern : sort; 
 T^ 1073 11 shape. 
 
 cie ie" cp; make it like the pattern, sin Ie"; a 
 new style. cang ex kai cp ie"; take this for a 
 
 sample. lu ai° sira-mih fe"? "What sort do 
 you want ? ci c§k ie" hcJ ra^ ? Is this kind 
 
 good ? cf kai n&ng koh Ie" kph sie"; this is a 
 queer looking person. mki" khu oh i k3,i ie"; 
 do not follow his example, i td oh le" oh sie"; 
 he is imitating them. tang ie" ; of the same 
 kind, m tang ie"; differing in kind, chwn b6 
 kai ie"; is very unstylish. cie-cie tieh poi" ii 
 si Ie" khu skng i ; at the very least there must 
 be four sorts made ready to present to him. 
 cie"-se° thoi" tieh cia" u kai ie"; it looks rather 
 stylish. cuang m6" cp Ie"; dress the hair 
 
 fashionably, i td tie" ie"; he is putting on airs, 
 mai" to cuang ie"; do not put on airs, gua min 
 thoi" tieh Ie"-sie" li hpli ho; the external appear- 
 ance is very fine. se° lai u kai ie"; has a style 
 of its own. Ie°-Ie" kai su i to pat ; he under- 
 stands all sorts of business. ci Ie" su kue hu 
 ie"; this sort is inferior to that, cp-ni ie" ? In 
 what manner ? i ie"; a rare species, ci koi" 
 pho kai 6i Ie" hd ; this shop has shoes of a good 
 shape. to si cek ie"; they are all of one style. 
 p§"-pe° ie"; the same sort. p9.t ie"; another 
 
 kind, m p6" ie"; not the same, khu a-i ko pang 
 kai bo ie"; go to aunt's and take the pattern of 
 her hat. pang sang 6i ie"; take off the pattern 
 of a pair of shoes, ti cek ie"? Which sort is it ? 
 ca,i se" ie" ? What sort of thing is it ? 
 
 — ieh — 
 
 >^/| ieh 120 To bind by a contract ; to 
 rvJ 1117 3 form a treaty or compact ; 
 an agreement. 
 
 lip hua ieh ; establish a treaty of peace. lip 
 h^p ieh ; make a contract. sit ieh ; violate a 
 contract, ieh ua kio i cp-pu klm ; agreed that 
 I should go with him. ieh tia°-tieh ; made a 
 definite agreement, i kau si cii pue ieh ; when 
 the time arriv'ed he broke the compact. c6 su 
 m ju ieh ; not done according to contract, ieh 
 khi ; fix a time. put ieh ju tang ; to agree 
 
 undesignedly. i ieh mong si Lai" lia ; he 
 
 agreed to pay me at a certain time, bp twn bo 
 ieh ; no compact was made. i no n&ng u twn 
 ieh ; the two have made a compact. i am-ce" 
 twn-ieh i ; he secretly promised him. 
 
 ieh 94 To guess. 
 J9 942 8 ieh iTi tieh; did not guess 
 rightly, ua ieh m pat to khu ; I do not know 
 what to guess. theng ieh ; guess at random, 
 cp kai mia" lai ieh ; guess at fates. cfa oh 
 
 ieh ; this is hard to guess, a no"-kia" ieh sang 
 a khia; children guess at odds or evens. ce 
 ieh cu tieh ; guessed it at once, khut lu ieh ; 
 let you guess at it. 
 
190 
 
 DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 ieh 142 ieh-po-sun ; the cicada, the 
 Jl/Rj 888 ~8^ scissors-grinder. ieh-po- 
 
 sun t(5 kie ; the cicadas are piping. 
 
 Ieh 140 Medicine ; chemical pre- 
 1116 15 parations. 
 Ieh i"; pills. ieh siia"; medicinal powders, 
 
 ieh buah ; medicine in the form of powder, 
 ieh-ko ; salve. kp-ieh ; ointment, ieh phien ; 
 medicine in flakes. ieh chui ; medicine in 
 
 chips, or fragments. ieh than ieh hue ; the 
 
 residuum of drugs. ieh tu ; a medicine case, 
 ieh pho ; ieh chsvi pho ; a drug-shop. ieh llo ; 
 drugs, ieh c6ih; an instrument for sharing up 
 drugs. ieh to ; a knife for cutting up drags, 
 ieh cui ; fluid medicines. ieh thng ; viscid 
 
 medicines. ieh ca ; ieh phph ; dregs of 
 
 medicines. cek thiap ieh ; the medicine 
 
 prescribed. ieh-hng ; a prescription. c8k 
 h6k ieh ; the medicine taken in one dose. of 
 thiap ieh ciah Iqh khu I'o hd ; after taking this 
 course of medicine he was better. ci'a ieh si 
 ciah kai a si buah kai ? Is this medicine to be 
 taken internally or to be applied externally ? 
 cfa ieh h(5 pu ciii khu s6i ; boil this medicine 
 in water, and use it as a wash, ieh-ci", si ci"- 
 th&u khu cu t&k-ieh kai ; poisoned arrows, are 
 those whose points have been steeped in poison, 
 pu ieh; to steep drugs quickly in boiling water, 
 cien ieh ; to steep drugs a long time, boiling 
 slowly. tiSn ieh ; to heat medicines in a dish 
 surrounded by boiling water. ngau kp-ieh ; 
 make salve, ci ieh; to prepare medicines, hua 
 ieh ; to concoct remedies. knp ieh ; to com- 
 pound medicines. ngoi ieh buah ; triturate 
 medicinal powdei's. ceng ieh-i"; pound up the 
 component parts of pills, hok tak ieh; an anti- 
 dote for poison, che" ieh, sek ieh; crude drugs 
 and prepared drugs. cheng ieh ; gunpowder, 
 hue ieh ; explosive powders. jip ieh ; put in a 
 chemical preparation, sia ieh ; cathartics. 
 
 — ien — 
 /fejJJ ien 184 Tainted. 
 ^C 618 7 nek ien ; the meat is spoiled, 
 cia hu mng ien 16; this fish is just on the verge 
 of becoming tainted. 
 
 ien 86 Why ; how is it that. 
 k»V 1082 y lu ien cai lia iL-ai" ? How do 
 you know that I do not want it ? i ien leng 
 hai ua ? How can he harm me ? i ien tit cie"- 
 se° ? How can he do thus ? 
 
 ien 162 Remote ; distant. 
 
 1137 10 long-i'en ; everlastingly, io- 
 ien ; in the far distance. lo-tio io-ien ; the 
 
 way is interminable. ien kQu thwn mia"; 
 
 famed far and near. 
 
 ien 85 ien-khi ; irritated ; vexed. 
 
 395 18 ce len-khi cu mai" i ; as soon 
 as he gets out of temper he won't take it. 
 khut i c5 ien-khi cQ sek tio ; if he gets out of 
 patience with it, he will throw it away. i c6 
 ien-khi cu liah i khu cio-cp ; whenever she gets 
 vexed she takes him and panishes him. 
 
 jHu ien 86 The nest of the cliff swallow. 
 ^kk\ 1090 12 ien-p ; edible bird's-nest. 
 kua" ien; kua" ien-p; the finest sort of edible 
 bird's-nest. ien-p&i ; an inferior quality of 
 
 edible bird's-nest. cek miig-khi tun n6 cua" 
 ien-p khu ciah ; every morning cook two edible 
 bird's-nests by boiling them in a dish sur- 
 rounded with water, and eat them. tliila ua" 
 cu si ien-p ; the first dish is edible bird's-nest. 
 
 ien 118 A banquet. 
 
 1085 ~T~ cia ien ; a feast, with wine. 
 
 ien siah ; a banquet. 
 
 Ien 64 To relieve; to bring forward. 
 
 1135 9 rap" i lai kia-Ien ; hope he 
 will come and rescue. lon-in pak ko kai cu 
 
 lai cb ceng-kfi ; bring forward a quotation from 
 another book as proof. 
 
 ien 162 To keep at a distance; to 
 1137 10 stand aloof from, 
 tieh chin kun-cii, Ien sio-jin, m hd chin sio-jin 
 Ien kun-cu; one should affiliate with the refined, 
 and keep away from vulgar people, not frater- 
 nize with the vulgar, and hold aloof from the 
 cultured. kiii sin, lu tieh keng i, iu tieh Ien 
 i ; as to spirits, good and bad, one must do 
 homage to them, and keep aloof from them. 
 
 Ien 64 To procrastinate ; to invite. 
 
 1084 T khiie-khiie khu, mai" ien- 
 chi ; go quickly and without delay. m-hp 
 
 len-kph ; do not delay. ien-milng kiii jit ; put 
 it off for a few days, chi-chi len-Ien ; dilatory. 
 Id cp-ni khua°-khua° Ien, ien kau ta" ? Why 
 have you kept putting it off until now ? cek 
 gueh ien kue cek gueh, cek ni ien kue cek ni ; 
 delayed it month after month, and year after 
 year. ien khah kii cu bp eng ; if you delay it 
 too long it will be of no use. ciu jit i to 6i°- 
 6i° ien-ien to bp khu cp ; he dilly-dallies all day 
 and never does it. khut i tam-ien kau jieh 
 
 kii cia" hai"; he put off the payment of it for 
 no inconsiderable time, i si to chien-ien si-jit 
 kai ; he is staving it off as long as possible, 
 ien-chia" nang-kheh ; invite a guest. ien su 
 ka-tok ; invite a learned man to superintend it. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 191 
 
 ien 123 To desire strongly; to long 
 ^^ 802 ~6~ for morbidly, 
 him-ien ; to covet. him-ien c5i ; longs for 
 
 greatly. ai" H boi tit tieh, thu-thu to him- 
 
 ien ; want it but cannot have it, and can only 
 crave it. 
 
 ^f^ ien 144 To amplify ; prolix ; super- 
 1-lJ 1087 3 fluous. 
 
 hu-ien ; prolix, hu-hn ien-ien ; a superfluity of 
 amplification. i cng kai ta" m tieh Qe nek, to 
 si hu-ien kai ue ; he does not get at the gist of 
 the subject at all, but expatiates without mak- 
 ing the matter any clearer. 
 
 — ih — 
 
 tU ih 17 To hatch out. 
 
 |T| 98 3 ah-ung pu kii oi ih chiii ; 
 when a duck's egg has been long covered it will 
 hatch, i cia" ih chui ; it hatched out. 
 
 ih 85 To moisten; to dampen; to wet. 
 1029 10 cang cui khu ih i jun ce ; take 
 some water and moisten it. hie°-ko khieh khu 
 cui teng ih pho; wet the mushrooms with water 
 and let them swell. m soi" ih tarn ce eng cu 
 cih ; if you do not first dampen it, it will break 
 when used. 
 
 ITfj^ [TBT ih-uli To mutter because of dis- 
 
 "m ^W( 632 content. 
 
 Ih-ih uh-uh, ai" ta" m ka° ta"; muttered, but 
 
 dared not speak out. ih-uh kie, ta" m chut ; 
 
 struggled to speak, but failed through fear of 
 
 consequences. 
 
 m 
 
 im 85 To overflow ; to inundate. 
 1083 8 hue-bak pun cui im lio cim 
 si ; the shrubs were covered by the water and 
 killed by soaking. chii kliut cui im kau kua 
 cliu-teng thoi" m ki"; the house was overflowed 
 by the water so that even the roof was invisi- 
 ble, cui im kau pua" sua"; the water has 
 risen to half the height of the hills, khut ciii 
 im cie" ku mih much to sf khu ; being so long 
 innundated, everything died. ci ko cui lo 
 chien, im bue kaa kha-th^n-u ; the water here 
 is shallower and scarcely comes up to the knees. 
 
 ^^ im 180 Sound. 
 t=| 1100 6 khau im ; pronunciation, 
 tho im ; the local pronunciation. cia° im ; the 
 correct pronunciation. peh im ; the pronun- 
 ciation as it is in plain text. kua" im ; the 
 pronunciation as it is in the court dialect, im 
 un ; rhyme. im un cheng-cho ; clear and 
 
 harmonious rythm. lu kA,i im {o hd ; your 
 
 enunciation is tho better. sia" im ; sound ; 
 
 voice. poih im ; melody. poih im ceng ; a 
 harmonium. lia t(5 mo° l<i kai hue im ; I 
 
 await your response. ji im ; initial sounds, 
 
 kia im ; sweet sounds, hd im sin ; good news, 
 mio b6 im sin ; no news for a long time, khau 
 im au m tng ; cannot pronounce it. cih im, 
 tun im, ge im ; linguals, labials, and dentals. 
 Hu im ; sounds produced in the larynx. 
 
 ^^^ im 170 Obscure ; hades ; the inferior 
 
 1099 8 of the dual powers in Chinese 
 philosophy ; the female or the receptive in 
 nature. 
 
 thai im ; the moon. kuang im ; duration, 
 
 time. im si ; im hii ; the abodes of the dead, 
 im iang ; the dual powers. im kang ; hades, 
 im liang ; cool and shady. chiu im ; shady, 
 
 hue im ; flowery shades. thi"-si o im ; the 
 
 weather is dull, chiin im ; moments, im tek; 
 goodness. imkong; inconspicuous merit, 
 
 im hun ; im l^ng ; the disembodied spirit, im 
 iang chiu ; one hand palm upward and the 
 other hand palm downward. im co iang ui ; 
 to do behind one's back what would be re- 
 pudiated before one's face. ko-im put se"; 
 vacancy produces nothing. im-hu hwt jiet ; 
 exhaustion produces fever. khah kiie im; too 
 much obscured, im kang; dried in the shade, 
 im iang phue hah ; the correlation of the dual 
 powers. iang lai im siu; reciprocity of action 
 in the dual powers. 
 
 $X^i 
 
 hau' 
 
 to 
 
 im 184 To drink ; to quaff. 
 1102 4 im ciu ; to quaff wine, 
 im ciu ; bibulous. 
 
 AA^ itn 140 To shelter; to protect; 
 1*^ 1103 11 shade, 
 si i to phi-im ; it is he who is screening him. 
 phi-im kau ceng nang ho-ho ; protect so com- 
 pletely that all will be sheltered. hok im ; 
 secretly countenance and aid. hok im cek kai 
 ti-hng khut i ; gave him hidden help in getting 
 a place. im tau-gS ; cover up beans till they 
 sprout. CO im-si ; to make soy, by keeping the 
 mixture long sheltered in a warm place. 
 
 im 116 A cellar ; dark. 
 P^ 1103 ~9 im hvvt; the cavity in which 
 a coffin is to be laid in a grave, ci kp tl si im- 
 hwt a si chien-ciah ? Is this grave one in which 
 a coffin is to be buried, or is it one from 
 which the body has been removed ? kai si ko 
 im kai ; it is one dug long ago, and still un- 
 used, tang i a-kong im kai, kau ta° cia" peh 
 ni bo eng; it was dug in the days of his grand- 
 
192 
 
 DIOTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 father, a hundred years ago, and has not been 
 used until now. im-tn ; tlie mound with its 
 
 enclosed cavity, made ready to receive a coffin, 
 tok kfii jm-tu t5 ko ; has the grave made ready. 
 
 \l^^ im 85 Excess ; licentiousness ; lewd ; 
 i^ 1101 8 to drench, 
 kang-im ; adultery. kia° kang-ira ; commit 
 
 adultery. i kui se° im ; he is of a licentious 
 
 disposition. ira Iwn ; debauchery, pa Iwn su 
 im-iok ; fullness of bread and ease beget lust- 
 ful desires. im nftng chi-nng, chi-nng n&ng 
 im ; those who debauch the wives and daugh- 
 ters of others, will have their own wives and 
 daughters debauched. kim im hi ; forbid 
 
 lewd plays. im hfl ; a lewd woman. sie tio 
 im cu ; burn up obscene books. im h6 ; a 
 
 drenching rain. hkn° sek put im ; be not 
 
 inordinately enamoured of what is beautiful. 
 
 — in — 
 
 in 8G Smoke ; steam ; mist ; exha- 
 1082 6 lations ; soot, 
 ciii-in ; steam. liiie-in ; smoke. o-in ; lamp- 
 black, in-tfing; a chimney. sie in-hue; 
 pkng in-hiie ; lot off fireworks. nftng in b&k- 
 bfi,k ; thickly settled, khu k^u bo n&ng in k&i 
 tl-hng ; go to an uninhabited spot. hie"-iu ; 
 perfume from y^aetilles. khiu kai hio*-in khut 
 i ciah ; beg some of the odor of his inceuse 
 sticks for her to imbibe. mua" sua" in-bu; it 
 is very misty. ceng-ceng mdng-iu ; it is very 
 foggy. 
 
 in 81 A cause ; a reason. 
 1098 8 in-ui ; because of. wa-in ; 
 on account of. ua in chu cia° lai ; for this 
 
 cause I came, ua lai b6 pat in ; I had no other 
 reason for coming, chi'a lu lai, m si u p&t in ; 
 had no reason besides for inviting you. cie"- 
 ee" si fi in ; there is a reason for this. iIi si b6 
 in kai ; it is not without cause, in chu cai pi ; 
 conclude this because of that, in si ci ngi ; do 
 the right thing at the right time. in ho su 
 
 kii ? Wherein lies the reasons for it ? in-ui i 
 a pe kue khu i cu khu hwn poi"; on account of 
 the death of his father he went to foreign parts, 
 lu th6i° i si sim-mih lai-in ? What do you 
 think led to it ? i si u s(5 in ki\i ; there are 
 reasons for it. in-ui tieh kai b<5 i cia" lai ; he 
 came on his wife's account. m cai si in-ui 
 
 tieh mih su ; do not know what occasioned it. 
 
 in 130 A cosmetic like rouge. 
 1082 6 in-ci"; in-ni ; rouge. buah 
 hiin, tfam in-ci"; to powder and paint the face, 
 buah tiam-kia" in-ni khut i se-su ang ; rub on 
 a little rouge to redden it slightly. 
 
 m 
 
 n T 1^ "^ ' They, in the masculine 
 II J 1/ 271 4 and feminine genders, 
 cia si in-kai a si nin-kai ? Is this theirs or 
 yours ? in hd-kp nin pat khu me ? Have you 
 ever been to their place ? i hiia" n&ng kliu ti- 
 ko ? Where have they all gone ? lu kio in ta"; 
 you tell them. kie in lai ; tell them to come 
 here, in fi jieh c6i n&ng lai ? How many of 
 them have come ? in kai hong-s6k si cie"-se"; 
 such are their usages, khieh khu hfii" in; take 
 it and go and give it back to them, in kiii ciah 
 til c6 lai cQ ngia ; their cupboards are prettily 
 made. m cai si lin k&i a si in k&i ; do not 
 
 know whether it is ours or theirs. ndn k&i 
 
 t6&, in k&i s^i ; ours is large and theirs is small. 
 
 in 88 A bride ; affinity on the 
 1098 6 female side, 
 iu-wii ; the fat« which links lovers together, 
 in-chin ; a wife's relatives. in tl, in hia"; a 
 
 wife's brothers. kak in-wn, mai" him-Ien 
 
 n&ng ; matches are made in heaven, so do not 
 covet one who belongs to another. 
 
 in 104 A habit, especially the opium 
 1103 17 habit ; a craving, 
 a-phien hun in ; the opium habit. i k&i hun 
 cle" iu lio; his opium has become a fixed habit, 
 i k&i in ce l&i pin sin kang-kh6 ; when hi8 
 craving comes on, his whole body is in distress, 
 tieh G cek kua kii cia" kue in ; after a half day 
 the craving is past, i k&i in io toa, i kai in io 
 soi ; his craving is greater, his is less. lu cek 
 kai in ciah jieh coi hun ? How much opium 
 does it take each time to satisfy you ? c§k 
 
 jit kui kai in ; there are several periods of 
 craving in one day. i kai in io tfing, lu k&i 
 io khin ; his opium habit is more confirmed 
 than is yours. in-th&u toa cai ; the longing is 
 very great. te in ; the habit of tea-drinking. 
 
 HI *° ^ To lead on ; to bring forward ; 
 
 V I 1102 1 to quote ; preface, 
 iu-chua i lai ; conduct him here. in-toa ; to 
 guide or conduct. in cui kai n&ng ; a drawer 
 of water. chia" i cp cek kp sio-in ; invite him 
 to make a preface to it. in hiie kai raueh-kia"; 
 things used in striking a light. in i lai ki" 
 
 via ; bring him to see me. cie" kia" in-ki"; to 
 introduce to the Imperial presence. khiu 
 
 nang ci-in ; beg some one to point it out. in 
 cu lai cp ceng ; quote in proof of. in ci kii ue 
 lai ceng-ku hu ku iie ; quote this passage in 
 support of that passage. tieh u nang lai cp 
 
 in-sua°; some one must furnish a clue, khang- 
 in ; induce. ieh in ; the active principle in 
 a preparation. in-tong kau t6a-b(5-miieh 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 193 
 
 narg ; disturbed a great many people. in- 
 
 long i kai sim ; brought on a disturbance of 
 mind. in-fu i khu cp m-li(5kaisu; deluded 
 him into evil doing. mai" in-iu i kliu thit- 
 tho ; do not induce him to go off for amuse- 
 ment, in lo ; conduct on the way. lo-in ; a 
 guide-post. 
 
 life in 61 To answer ; to respond. 
 /}^ 1106 l3 ua mng In, lu co-ni m in-tap ? 
 "Why do you not answer when I speak to you ? 
 ua mng i, i in-tap m lai ; I asked him but he 
 could not answer. me" lio, i m ka" in ; he 
 
 dare not answer back when he is berated, cek 
 kie cek in ; a call and response. ti-kp i to in 
 u lai ; he can answer wherever you question 
 him. i cle" jit i"-keng in-seng ua"; he promis- 
 ed it to me, some days ago. u nang kie-in ; 
 some one stands as security. ci pit sio si via 
 kio i kie-in kai ; in this bill I will stand as 
 security for him. 
 
 I^rt in 26 A seal ; to seal ; to print ; to 
 
 nJ 1103 T ^ imprint. 
 
 gSk in, ngun in, ciii-cia" in, cha in, kak in, 
 tang-cieh in; seals made of jade, silver, crystal, 
 wood, horn, and pebble. in cu ; to print 
 
 books. kuah in pho ; a shop where seals are 
 cut. khek in ; engrave a seal. tio in ; carve 
 a seal, khap in ; to impress with a seal, eng 
 in ; used stamps, kua" in; official seal, huang 
 in, khui in ; to shut and open the seals, as at 
 the end and beginning of the year. rang in ; 
 the door and the seal keepers in a yamun. in 
 sek ; sealing wax, or ink. in-tng ; the frontal 
 sinus, khua sue-in ; act as generalissimo, in 
 sin ; stamp a letter. 
 
 in 120 To wind around ; to go about; 
 
 292 12 to environ ; to make a circuit 
 of ; to compass. in cek khuang lo ; made a 
 
 circuit. in cek ui mi°-mi°; encompass closely, 
 ci tio sua" hd in-bua ; wind up this thread. 
 BOh in cek kho cek kho, in khi ; coil up the 
 rope in coils. li-kwn in, li-kwn in ; winding 
 round and round. in loh hph coi ; wound on 
 a great quantity. in cp kai kiu ; wind it up 
 
 into a ball. in kai kiu khut a-no°- kia" hiie 
 
 thit-tho ; wind a ball for the children to play 
 with. in cua-ie sph ; wind up the tail of the 
 kite, cek nang than cek nang in; one person 
 •winds, and the other unwinds, lia in lio khut 
 i than tio ; after I had wound it, he went and 
 •unwound it. 
 
 V^^ in 85 To practice a calling. 
 1|.^ 1087 11 in sip ; learn by practice, in 
 bu ; practice military exercises, in hi jieh coi 
 
 th&i ? How many plays has he learned to 
 perform ? in-sip bd goi ; drill as a soldier, 
 
 in ngi ; exercise justice. 
 
 in 40 The third of the twelve 
 1100 8 branches, symbolized by a 
 tiger, and connected with wood, 
 in-si ; from 3 to 5 o'clock A.M. thi°-kng in, 
 jit-chut bau ; from dawn to sunrise. tang-in 
 kai nang ; a colleague, tang-in ci mue ; female 
 friends, tang-in kai kua"; a fellow officer, in 
 pin kwn ; a reception room, in ni, in gueh, in 
 jit ; the third year, month, or day in the cycle 
 of twelve. 
 
 yfe>\ in 167 Lead. 
 
 i^B 113G 6 in kuai"; lead ore. in (lo ; 
 
 pigs of lead, in kwn; lead canisters, in hiin ; 
 white lead. in ci; leaden bullets. in sia ; a 
 lead comb. swn in teng ; put in a plug of 
 
 lead. in thui ; leaden weiglats. in pit ; lead 
 pencils. in poi"; lead type. cii in ; to cast 
 lead. in cu loh bo ; pour the lead into the 
 
 mold, mai" cham in ; do not mix in lead with 
 it. ci kai ngun kvrn in kai ; this silver is 
 
 adulterated with lead. 
 
 ^^p. in 36 To be leagued with ; a money 
 JlL 1101 11 girdle. 
 
 in-wn ; to give bribes ; to have secret relation- 
 ships with officials ; to intrigue for office. in- 
 wn khu nang min khuah cSi ; has secret rela- 
 tionships with a very extensive constituency. 
 i to si to ci gua in-wn ; he is always out here 
 intriguing. mia"-ke in-wn cSi ; skilled in po- 
 litical intrigue. ti-kp i to in-'vvn tit kau ; ho 
 can bribe to any extent. 
 
 •w/li in 85 To follow a course ; to perpo- 
 iP 1085 5 tuate. 
 
 in thii ciu-kui"; go through the districts in 
 order. in 16 hu-sang ; to go along as escort, 
 
 ci kp hong-sok siang-in si cie"-se"; the customs 
 handed down here are thus. ci kia" su siang- 
 in kiii peh ni to si cie°-se° cp ; this sort of 
 business has been done in this way for several 
 hundred years in succession. in hai cek toa 
 
 kai ti-hng ; all along the coast. siang-iu ch6- 
 go ; error crept in, in the perpetuation. 
 
 In 22 To bind the edges of such 
 822 5 things as seives and baskets, 
 ci ki" chue tio pp lai in cia" boi hai ; get a strip 
 of cloth and bind the brim, then it will not 
 spoil, kue si" in tio o p6 loh khu ; bind the 
 edge of the palm-leaf fan with black cloth. la 
 ii cek khuang; have put a binding around 
 the ed|^e. 
 
194 
 
 DICTIONARY OP THB 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 ) 
 
 in 44 A Btorey ; a tier ; a strata. 
 952 12 ci kai thah kau in ; this pagoda 
 has seven storeys, cha thiap co cek in cek in ; 
 lay the bundles of wood up in tiers. be-th&u 
 kai cieh kih c6k in cek in ; the stones of the 
 pier are laid in tiers. kheng th&h cek in c§k 
 in ; the baskets are piled up in tiers. thiap 
 
 16h u kui in ? How many tiers have you put 
 in place ? lu sio th6i° cek in u jieh coi kfti ; 
 count and see how many there are in one tier. 
 
 >Pg in 367 Silver. 
 
 )j^!\ 1101 6 in ci"; money, bullion, specie, 
 
 silver. ci kai lia b6i ngQ-cup kili in-ci"; I 
 
 bought this for fifty silver pieces. ci kfii 6iig 
 
 kui kai in-ci" cia° b6i tit tieh ? What amount 
 
 of money will be required in order to purchase 
 
 this? 
 
 , In 72 A halo around the sun 
 
 J^"-* 1145 9 or moon, or vapors con- 
 densing around them, gueh in; a halo around 
 the moon. thoi" tieh kai In ; see the halo, 
 
 c^k kai In ; a ring of vapor around the sun or 
 moon. thau hui-hui-cng, chin-chie t<5 In; 
 
 my head swims as if I were dazed. jit lu ; a 
 haze around the sun. 
 
 In 124 To soar ; to hover over. 
 792 6 ci no ciah t(5 in kai, kai sl tl- 
 tiang kai hiin-cio ; whose are the two doves 
 that are circling in the air ? tQ pua°-thi° td In ; 
 soaring in mid-heaven. pue to liAn-twn kp 
 
 In ; fly upward and soar among the clouds. In 
 kau khuah-khuah ; soar far and wide. 
 
 ■m 
 
 10 — 
 
 io 88 A fairy, fay, or hobgoblin. 
 1074 4 io-kuai ; an elf. io-cia"; a 
 
 fairy. io-cia" kui-kuai ; fays and imps. io- 
 khi ; an apparition, thoi" tieh io-khi seng c&i; 
 saw throngs of bogies, io-ngan ; ghost-stories, 
 io-rgiak ; prodigies. i kai io huap toa ; his 
 
 spells are forceful. chia" i lai siu io ; ask him 
 to come and control the elves. tu io-kuai; 
 
 remove the elfins. khu-tok io-sia; drive out 
 the imps, cie io kia"; a mirror in which fairies 
 may be seen. io-jio ; to ogle ; to try to be 
 
 fascinatiusr. 
 
 m 
 
 io 162 To ask ; to engage to do. 
 1075 13 io ua khu thit-tho ; he asked 
 me to go out for recreation with him. io lii 
 co-pu lai khii ; ask you to go along with them. 
 ai° io i tang khu am? Ai-e you going to ask 
 liim to go too ? 
 
 >r^ io 62 The ace in dice ; minute ; 
 J^ 1075 atomic. 
 
 io ji sa" 81 ngS lak ; the spots upon dice, puah 
 tieh lak kai io ; threw six aces. io-md"; 
 
 microscopic ; very minute. 
 
 H^ 
 
 io 80 To cry out ; to shout. 
 1075 8 io-toah ; bawl out. io tii^ ; 
 call the court to order. c6 loh khu ce io fnc/, 
 i cQ kia" kau td tong ; when they sat down and 
 called the court to order, he was so frightened 
 that he trembled. io-io toah-toah ; yelling 
 
 and shouting. 
 
 ft 
 
 io 184 Hungry ; famished. 
 334 2 i kai t6 io ; he is half- famished, 
 io-go kiii ; a hungry imp. t<5 io, cQ kui ciah ; 
 when the stomach is empty, eating is easy. 
 
 io 146 To make an agreement ; to be 
 1077 8 bound; to restrict; to seek 
 for; to expostulate with ; to examine into, 
 ku io put buang; do not disregard the old 
 agreement. i sl Q io-khia kai sim ; he has an 
 inquiring mind. io-kun ; to force a course by 
 threats of consequences ; to take a stand from 
 which there can be no further demur. 
 
 M 
 
 io 163 An interrogative particle, im- 
 610 4 plying dissent, 
 cek ie" cu ke" io u n6 ie" bl ; one mess of pot- 
 tage cannot have two different flavours. io ii 
 koh ie° ? How can there be any different sort ? 
 io u ci kai tp-li ? How can that be right ? io 
 hd cio'-se"; m hd ; why should you do that ; it 
 will not do. io hd kwn-thJli i cie°-se° ! Why 
 should you treat him like that ! 
 
 m 
 
 io 115 Rather ; slightly ; for the most 
 746 7 part ; somewhat more, 
 ta" io toa lio ; is now somewhat larger. io 
 
 kui"; rather taller. chue kai io soi kai keng 
 hd ; to seek out a smaller one would be better, 
 ca m pat, hin-kim io pat ; formerly he did not 
 understand, but now he partially understands, 
 hu tiang-si e-e ai" phah i, ta" io sieh i ; she 
 then frequently beat him, but now she is kin- 
 der to him. 
 
 io-thio Quiet; retiring; tran- 
 1077 quil. 
 se~ lai io-thio cS,i ; she is naturally very refined, 
 thoi" tieh i io-io thio-thio cu hua"-hi; when 
 he saw that she had a refined appearance, he 
 rejoiced. 
 
DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 196 
 
 ¥i 107' 
 
 78 To die young. 
 1077 4 thoi" m cliut i hie° fo slu ; one 
 would not have thought that he was to be so 
 short lived. i a-pe tiang-si fo slu, cia" ciah 
 
 sa°-caphiie; his father was short lived and 
 lived but about thirty years. 
 
 . rM > 10 151 An interrogative particle, ira- 
 ^VA. 346 ~3^ plying a strong negative; how 
 can it be ? lia I'o ui i ? lia I'o iii kau i ? Why 
 should I be afraid of him ? io ti- kan i can 
 
 khu m cia"? How can he abscond ? lu fo kie° 
 kue i, ha"? Yon are superior to him, are you ? 
 
 '^ ^* y io 117 At last, finally, only, nothing 
 ^^C< 406 6 but, then. 
 
 i 10 ill cai ; he knows nothing at all about it. 
 i io pi hi jii hio; he understands it better than 
 you do after all. kia"-ui i mp, khii kau io 
 
 sim si ho ; feared he was bad, but on arriving 
 found he was after all vei-y excellent. 
 
 10 146 Important; necessary; urgent. 
 1077 3 u chiet-io a bo chiet-io ? Is 
 it important or unimportant. siang chiet-io ; 
 of the utmost importance. io chiet-io ; more 
 important. bo sim-mih chiet-io ; of no great 
 importance, toa chiet-io ; of great importance. 
 m io-kin ; not pressing. siang-teng io-kin cu 
 Bi ci kia" su ; what is most necessary of all is 
 this. u io su ; has urgent business. io sin ; 
 an important letter. io Io, \o ti ; important 
 
 roads and places, hiam-io kai ti-hng kie-co io 
 khau ; very important defiles are called passes, 
 io huam ; a criminal whose arrest is important. 
 \o mia° kai chak; a well known and doughty 
 robber. 
 
 io 149 A made up tale ; rumour ; 
 1076 10 report. 
 61 cin-sit kai a si io-ngan kai ? Is it true or is 
 it only a rumour ? lu mai° tMa" koi-chi kai 
 io-ngan ; do not listen to floating rumours. 
 SI hong-io kai ue ; it is only a rumor, ai" liah 
 c6 io-ngan kai nang ; will seize the one who 
 made up this report. thong lo ; a childish 
 
 tale, pii-sua" io-ngan ; spread idle tales. 
 
 "P^^ io 64 To agitate; to disturb; to stir. 
 j'pj 1075 10 io-tong ; agitate. nang sim 
 io-tong ; people's hearts are stirred, hu kai ti- 
 hng io-tong ; that country is disturbed. m ho 
 io-tong kun sim ; do not agitate the minds of 
 the soldiery. io-io pai-pai ; swaggering, 
 
 thau kia" thau io-pai ; swaggei'ing as he walk- 
 ed, cio io cuang pliien ; pass one's self off by 
 swaggering and bragging. 
 
 •nzK. io 38 Graceful ; supple ; pliant. 
 ?S|^ 994 8 io-io; lithe. kui" kau io-io ; 
 tall and graceful. s;ing-tio sang-tio, io-io ; 
 
 slender and very graceful. 
 
 io 72 Luster ; bright ; to shine. 
 1078 14 cie io ; dazzling, hok io ; the 
 happy star's brightness. chit io ; the sun, 
 
 moon, and five planets, cap-it io; the heavenly 
 bodies, ak io ; suah io ; a baleful luster. 
 
 cong 
 
 io 124 Refulgence; glory. 
 1078 14 iong-io ; glory. kuang c6, Xo 
 illustrious ancestry and glorious clau. 
 
 — 10 • — 
 
 10° 64 To raise a little; to lift slightly. 
 
 196 8 io" liara ; to turn aside the 
 curtain, as in entering a door. io" phue ; to 
 draw the coverlet over one. io" khui kai-au 
 kiia; raise the cover of the covered cup. khut 
 huang io" tio kliu ; it was whisked off by tho 
 wind. io" khui leng-.siig cu si kiie ; raise the 
 steamer and you find the cake. io" m khi; 
 
 cannot raise it. io" khui theng ; tip up the 
 
 window-sash. jvvn io", io" ra tieh ; however 
 
 much I try to raise it, it does not come up. 
 
 — ioh — 
 
 ioh 85 To ripple ; to shimmer. 
 
 707 5 ciii miu ioh-ioh-sih ; there is 
 a ripple on the surface. hai miu kiia ioh-ioh- 
 sih to boi, ne pe"-pe"; there is not a ripple on 
 the sea, it is perfectly smooth. 
 
 , ioh 86 To flicker, like an ignis-fatuus. 
 v4* 541 13 chin-chie" kiii-hiie hie"-se°, 
 ioh-ioh-sih ; flickers like a will-o-the-wisp. 
 ioh-ioh-sih ceng-ceng kiii-hue ; it flickers and 
 flashes all over with the light of will-o-the- 
 wisps. 
 
 — iok — 
 
 iok 76 Appetite ; concupiscence. 
 >|ji> 1139 7 su iok ; selfish ends. cheng 
 iok ; passions. iok-hue seng ; lust is roused. 
 
 iok sim ; a lacivious mind. kiia" iok ; weak 
 
 desires, i ci kai pe", si sek iok thai kue ti kai; 
 this disease arises from unrestrained passions, 
 pii-kiii to im-iok ; the rich are very lustful, 
 cph iok ; to control passion. mueh iok ; 
 
 objects of desire. 
 
 to 
 
 iok 130 To rear 
 ^ 1140 4 bring up 
 iok-eng-tng; a foundling hospital, 
 to nurture, se" Iok ; bear and rear 
 
 to nurture ; 
 
 lang-iok ; 
 
196 
 
 DICTIONABT OP THB SWATOW DULECT. 
 
 — long — 
 
 J^^ iong 104 An ulcer ; a carbuncle. 
 /a)p^ 1145 18 iong cu ; carbuncles and 
 cancers, se" piie iong ; has a carbuncle on his 
 back. se° thue pd se" long ; have a boil to 
 
 save having a carbuncle. 
 
 ^J^ fong 85 Everlasting; perpetual. 
 Xj^ 1149 T iong-ien ; forever, fong-kii 
 boi p'l"; it will never change. fong-s\ m kio i 
 tk" ue ; I will never speak to him again. 
 
 3XM 1148 
 
 leap for joy. 
 joyous eagerness. 
 
 157 
 
 7 
 
 To exult; to leap for joy. 
 foug-iak; fong-fong iak-iak; 
 long-iak khu co ; do it with 
 
 long 
 1148 
 
 19 Brave. 
 
 7 fong-me"; intrepid. fongsQ; 
 a brave, fong-ckng; lusty, su long ho; confer 
 a military title, fong-ka"; daring, hun-fong; 
 valiant. h^u^-ifong ; fond of showing off 
 
 prowess. hueh-khi cu iong ; the fearlessness 
 of youth. phah kl fong ; exhibit feats of 
 
 strength, i si iong c&i ; he is very brave, t&i 
 iong jiak khiap; resolute determination appears 
 like fear. ti long sang chwii ; possesses both 
 •wisdom and courage. cf kai put kue si phit 
 hu cu iong ; this is only the courage of a com- 
 mon man. iong-lak kuenang; surpasses 
 others in prowess. rao° iong cu si cie iong- 
 ckng: u nfi.ng kie-co kb iong; to recruit soldiers, 
 is to call together the valiant and strong: some 
 people call it hiring braves. 
 
 long 82 To stop up ; to obstruct ; to 
 
 1148 13 dam up. 
 ciii 16 iong-sak khu ; the water-course is ob- 
 structed. mai° iong-sak tieh l6 ; do not 
 obstruct the road. nang-miieh \ong-sak kau 
 m hd kia", jiet cJii ; people obstruct the way so 
 that one cannot go on and there is much bustle, 
 kau-lo iong-sak, tIeh cai pe thong ; the sewer 
 is stopped up, and it must be raked out. 
 
 iong 64 To shoulder one's way; to 
 1149 13 crowd and push, 
 nang-mueh iong-ci"; the crowd presses. bua" 
 nang cek iong cie" coi"; all press forward simul- 
 taneously, coi"^ u, Su iong; those going before 
 halloo, and those behind crowd up. 
 
 long 
 1107 
 
 154 Overplus ; superfluity. 
 
 13 cia si iong-u kai miieh ; this 
 is overplus. u iong-u ci° via cii ki° bdi ; if I 
 
 have money left I will buy it. 
 
 iong 53 Common ; usual ; ordinary. 
 
 1147 8 tong-iong k&i cu si lun tong- 
 cia" pheng-sie° kai tp-li; ordinary books discuss 
 ordinary doctrines. long-iong 16k-16k kHi 
 
 naiig ; commonplace people. ^ong ui suah 
 
 n&ng ; kill people by quackery. iong-long, bd 
 khi; it is no rarity. 
 
 ^^ iong 86 To scheme ; to cast about ; 
 S 1107 18 to get a living, 
 keng-iong ; to calculate the ways and means. 
 i roia"-ke keng-iong seng-li; he is a shrewd 
 business man. kak nftng kak n&ng khu keng- 
 iong ; each one went to reckon the means for 
 himself, keng-iong ke koi ; to regulate family 
 affairs. keng-iong ci'-ngiin ; to calculate how 
 to get money for the purpose. cang ci le" 
 
 seng-li iong se"; gets a living by this sort of 
 business. b6 su h<5 iong se"; no way of getting 
 a living, ii" c6-nl iong-ui ? What can we do r 
 
 long 75 Glory ; splendor. 
 
 114§ 10 iong-Io ; refulgence. long- 
 kuang; glory. iong-hua pu-kui ; illustrious, 
 rich and honored. b6 kwu iong jok ; regard- 
 less of glory or shame. 
 
 ^iyV long 40 Countenance ; manner ; 
 "l-^ 1146 7 air ; to allow, to tolerate, 
 iong-m&u"; appearance. i cie"-6i pe" kau sit 
 
 iong ; he is much changed by his late illness, 
 thdi" tieh fl no iong ; he appears surly. i cie"- 
 si co-ni u iu iong ? Why does he lately appear 
 sorrowful ? iong via ta" ku ue ; allow me to 
 
 speak a word. cfle-ak lang long ; his wicked- 
 ness is inexcusable, m iong i cie"-se"; will not 
 tolerate that iu him. i th6i° tieh fi chie iong ; 
 he smiled at it. ch6ng-iong kiii jit cB ; put up 
 with it for a few days. ch6ng-ch6ng iong-iong 
 khua"-khua" co ; act in a forbeanng and gentle 
 manner. hue iong, giieh mSu"; graceful and 
 affable. b6 hie" iong-koi k&i su ; not so easy a 
 matter. iong-iong koi-koi, b6i oh ; facile, not 
 difficult. bo ko hd iong sin ; no place big 
 
 enough to hold me. chien ciii iong m tit toa 
 hu ; shallow waters cannot accommodate big fish. 
 
 iong 108 Filled up ; replenished. 
 1106 4 i kai cue-ak kwu long; the 
 sum of his iniquities is full, iong-mua"; full. 
 
 iong ^ To serve for hire ; 
 
 1148 11 iong-kang ; hirelings, 
 ioug-kang kai nang ; he is an hireling, 
 kang t5 jit ; live by the day's work. 
 
 isl 
 long 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 197 
 
 IT| iong 101 What is used in contingent 
 / IJ 1149 expenses, 
 long ci"; commission, or contingent expenses, 
 thang iong ei" tla"-(ia"; earned only the com- 
 mission, peng iong) jieh coi ci" ? How much 
 is the amount, including commission ? kiia 
 
 poili long } a commission of two dollars on the 
 hundred, i si to siu iong; he is enjoying his 
 possessions. i bo thang ho siu iong ; he has 
 
 no chance to enjoy what he has. si kau-poih 
 iong a si kau-ngo iong ? Is it two or five per 
 cent that is taken out of the sum total, as an 
 allowance to the agent ? boi ci'a hue si u lai 
 giia iong ; in selling these goods there is a 
 commission paid both to those they are bought 
 from and to those who retail them. boi la 
 
 tieh iong, boi ia tieh iong ; in buying there is 
 a percentage paid on the value, and in selling 
 there is a percentage made on the value. 
 
 — ip — 
 
 ip 163 A city ; a walled town. 
 1096 IT sia"-ip ; cities. kun ip ; 
 
 walled towns, kau ip ; the nine district cities, 
 siu ip ; the chief district city in a prefecture. 
 
 ip-cip Dank. 
 
 1097 ip-ip cip-cip; close and 
 damp. khah ip-cip, khia-khi lio cu se° pe"; it 
 is too close and damp and one would become 
 ill in living there. 
 
 Q. ip 64 To bow with the hands joined. 
 
 i^ 1097 9 ip-ca; cak-ip ; to bow in the 
 Chinese style. ki° tieh, chim-chim chiu cu 
 
 kio i ip-cS ; when you see him, lower your 
 clasped hands and bow to him. 
 
 — it — 
 
 1»^^ it 61 it-tit ; to recollect ; to reflect 
 >^> 1093 13 upon, hi it-tit me ? Do you 
 remember it ? m it-tit khu ; have forgotten it. 
 lia it-tit hu tiang-si ; I remember that time. 
 lu it-lit pang sim lai ; lay it up in your mind 
 and remember it. i no nang sie it tieh ; the 
 
 two remember each other. 
 
 it 6 The second of the ten stems. 
 1096 thai it ; the primordial cause. 
 
 . it 1 One ; the same ; an item. 
 
 1095 toi" it ; the first. cap-it ; 
 
 eleven. jih-it ; twenty-one. sap-it ; thirty- 
 one, it ho ; the best quality. it teng ; first 
 class articles, it ho kai; the best soi*t. it teng 
 ho kai ; the very best kind. it ji cap ; from 
 
 ten to twenty of them. it cap ; a single ten. 
 
 lu it it tk" lia cai ; you tell me about them, 
 item by item. co mih su k^i sim ai" own it ; 
 in all transactions, singleness of mind is desira- 
 ble, it ngo, it cap; honest, complete, accurate, 
 i to hu ko si sio it sio ji kai n^ng ; he is one of 
 the head men there. 
 
 /^> It 9 A band of eight mummers 
 1/^ 1097 6 who perform set figures at 
 sacrifices, during the worship of ancestors, bii 
 poih It ; to perform as mummers. bii-It seng ; 
 a mummer. 
 
 m. 
 
 It 162 Ease ; luxury. 
 __ 1097 8 Ira It; vicious indulgence, 
 ci kai nS,Dg khah It ; this person is too self- 
 indulgent, ngan sin m ce°, khah it ; the 
 expression of his eyes is unquiet, and too 
 lacivious. 
 
 it 200 To wave; to signal with 
 261 4 the hand, 
 toa ki ce it, nang cii tue i kia°; when the largo 
 flag waves, the people follow on after it. chiu 
 ce It, i cu lai; if you wave your hand he will 
 come. it i kliu ; motion to him to go. cang 
 chiu ce it ; waved his arm. 
 
 easy 
 
 — lU — 
 
 Ju^L iu 9 To excel ; extra 
 1^ 1110 16 about; fully, 
 ku iu heng ; recommend on account of ex- 
 cellence of character. iu-Iu cu-cai ; easy and 
 unconcerned. iu kbng-seng ; head graduate, 
 chiang iu cau cut kai a,u-i bo hong ; the de- 
 scendants of prostitutes, of mountebanks and of 
 menials in the yamun, cannot rise to eminence, 
 i lai kau eng iu loi siang thai ; when he arrives 
 treat him with moi'e than common courtesy, 
 hun-piet iu luat ; distinguish between fitness 
 and unfitness. hak heng kiam iu ; in both 
 
 learning and deportment he stands well. 
 
 iu 61 Grieved; sorrowful; to mourn. 
 1109 11 iu-bun ; sad. iu-cho ; sorrow- 
 ful, kau cim bo iu ; you can go to sleep 
 without anxiety. i si teng pe-iu tng-khu ; he 
 has gone back on account of being in mourn- 
 ing for his father. teng iu to cia ; mourning 
 in retirement, i pai miig-khi me°-am teng iu; 
 they mourn every morning and evening. 
 
 "-fc^ iw. 29 A male friend ; an associate. 
 A^ 1113 2 pheng-iu ; male friends. h(5 
 pheng-iu ; ho iu ; good friends. ku iu ; old 
 
 friend, kau iu ; companions. iah lu ; helpful 
 friends sim si iu-ai ; is very fraternal. cia 
 nek pheng-iu ; boon companions. cu si tang 
 
198 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT* 
 
 theng ph^ng-in ; fellow Btndents, studying by 
 the same window. i k^i pheng-fa chSng h6 ; 
 his disposition is very friendly. ciu jit to si 
 sa" phSng fi\ I'u mua"-<i-ko khu ; all day they 
 go about together in close conipanionship. 
 kau phfcng chii ia ; chums. 
 
 ® 
 
 iu. 164 The tenth of the twelve bran- 
 1114 che.s, represented by the cock, 
 iu-si ; from 5 to 7 o'clock p.m. c1c° teng ia ; 
 
 early candle-light. tui ia. n! cu pwt kong ; in 
 the tenth year of the cycle of twelve, he be- 
 came a graduate. 
 
 ^ in 149 To allure; to entice. 
 
 P^ 1114 7 fu-hok i klm c6 ak; entice 
 him into wickedness. mai" fu-hok nftng ; do 
 not tempt people to do wrong. khut i fn-fu 
 
 khu ; led astray by him. lu co-nl iu-phien i ? 
 Why did you delude him ? 
 
 yf-t fii 74 To have ; to be ; it is so. 
 T-3 1113 2 fu-han ; I'u bin ; a limited 
 amount. chun lu-liin ; have but little left. 
 
 6a thoi" li iu-hSn ; I consider that the amount 
 is very small. lu khu ki° kna", i ft-sl ham 16 
 kai mla° lu cQ in ta° " iu"; when you go before 
 a magistrate, if your name ia called you reply 
 " Here". 
 
 l+l iu 102 Through ; by ; a way, means, 
 i   i 1111 ~1~ or cause ; to permit. 
 Wn-Iu; the means by which it came about, 
 miig i kai wn-iu ; inquire into the occasion for 
 its being so. lii cai i kai hii iu me ? Do you 
 know how it came about ? iu lai si cie°-se°; 
 that was the way it came to pass. mih su ka- 
 kl tit cu iu ; he can manage everything for 
 himself, iu ci-kp jip kliii ; enter through here, 
 iu i khu CO, mai" kliii kvvn i ; let him go and 
 do it, and do not exercise any control over 
 him. iu lu ; as you please. bvvn su iu thi°, 
 put iu n&ng ; all things are as heaven pleases, 
 not as man pleases. lu iu ti-kp hu ? Where 
 
 did you come from ? to si iu lia ken^ chi'u ; 
 all goes through ray hands. i iu ti-ko khu ? 
 Which way did he go ? i iu cf tio lo kbu, a iu 
 hu tio lo khu ? Did he go by this road or by 
 that one ? iu lia ka-kl ; of myself, iu ti-tiang 
 tit tieh ? Through whom did he obtaiu it ? 
 
 XS^ iu 94 Doubtful ; rather ; somewhat. 
 ^ti 1112 "9 cie''-se" iu ho, i si hie"-se°; this 
 is tolerably good, but his is not thus made. 
 Su-u put kwt; undecided in all he does. 
 
 V^tfl ^^ ?5 ^'^ 5 ^^ *^'' » ^° paint ; oily. 
 iPJ 1111 5 tau-iu ; peanut oil. tfi-iu;teft 
 oil. th&ng-Iu ; paint oil. ta-ma iu ; tar. 
 
 phang kiie 16ng-hie" iu ; more fragrant than oil 
 of bergamot. bun-kui iu ; attar of roses, gu- 
 ni iu ; butter. mua"-iu ; oil made from hemp 
 seed. phang !n ; fragrant oils. p<?-hp iu ; 
 peppermint oil. si iu ; soy, a sauce like Wor- 
 cestershire, sia iu ; castor oil. khah siap, 
 buab iu, buah i kut c6 ; if there is friction, rub 
 on some oil, and make it smoother. koih tio 
 iu ; press out the oil. ju tieh iu ; daubed it 
 
 with grease. mak tieh iu ; got a grease-spot 
 on it. m h<5 tih tieh iu ; do not let the oil 
 
 drop on it. iu sim ; a lamp wick, iu cua"; an 
 oil cup. chii Iu h(5 a hue ; have you put in the 
 oil yet ? hue in; kerosine oil. ngun-cu Iu; red 
 paint, th&ng-iu-hue ; putty. ai° iu pch a ai" 
 iu lilm? Do you want it painted white or blue ? 
 khu hkm iu-chak kai sai-pe lai ; go and call a 
 painter, chfu lu-iu n6, tieh 6ng t6-cf-kho cia° 
 86i tit khu ; my hands are very greasy, I must 
 use tea seed cake and then I can wash them 
 clean, mla se' lu ; his face is oily, lu mai" t<5 
 iu ciii; you need not be palavering around me. 
 
 lu 85 To idle about; to enjoy one's 
 1112 9 self idly, 
 iu iu khuai-lak ; blissful ease. m-h6 ta-chfa 
 hau" 6i"; do not idle around. 
 
 In 104 A wen ; a swelling. 
 _ 1110 4 ci khi lu si liu, si kie-c6 la; 
 this is not a tumor, it is called a wen. 
 
 iu 162 To roam ; to ramble ; to 
 
 , 1112 ~9~ saunter. 
 
 iu-leh kak se°; wandered through every pro- 
 vince, lu-ngwn; to ramble, iu ceng; itinerant 
 priests. iSu-ia chut iu ; the gods go out for 
 an airing. chut gua iu oh ; travel for infor- 
 mation, kio pheng-iu kau-Iu ; saunter about 
 with friends. kau-iu mua°-thi"-e, sie cai bo 
 cek nang; friendly with all, and acquainted 
 with none. i seng co iu-khek, nang ceng-c6 
 iu-hii ; when he becomes a traveller on the 
 circuit, he is called a lieutenant-colonel. 
 
 iu 31 A park or paddock for rear- 
 , , 1115 ^ ing animals ; a walled gar- 
 den; to inclose; to pen up; to restrain ; limited, 
 iu i hong-sok ; hampered by custom. sni si 
 kun-c6 kai nang ia tp-to iu i hong-sok ; al- 
 though he is a man of culture, yet he is bound 
 down by vulgar usages, sip-sok in nang, hSen 
 cia put mien ; custom restrains people, and the 
 learned are not free from its bonds. wn-iu ; 
 parks. hng-Iu ; gardens. 
 
 Pi 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 199 
 
 -f^ ia 80 The right hand. 
 ^l| 1116 2 co-loh ill poi"; sit on the 
 right hand side, to iu chiu poi"; on the right, 
 iu-si-iing; the junior vice-president. Ia p6i°; 
 on tiie right, hun-hu c(5 lu kfii n^ng ; ordered 
 his supporters. rn li co lu ; never leaves his 
 side, iu ia"; in poi" kai ia"; his right hand 
 supporter. c6 iu lin ; neighbours on the right 
 and left. 
 
 fit 
 
 iu 154 Bribes; advantages afforded. 
 
 263 "e" cieh nmg i u siu iu a bo ; 
 politely enquire of him whether he has received 
 a douceur or not. i ce siu i kai iu cu ta" i kai 
 tie ; if he receives his present, he speaks in his 
 favour, eng ci"-ngun kbu iu-lu i ; took money 
 and w^ent and bribed him. cok thoh iu-lu ; get a 
 thing thi'ough by means of bribes, i si cheng- 
 liam kai kua", bo siu nang kai iu; he is a clean 
 handed magistrate and does not accept bribes. 
 
 */^ iu 40 Be lenient towards ; excuse ; 
 /^ 1115 6 forbear with, 
 khwn-iu i ; excuse him. khwn-iu i kai cue ; 
 
 be indulgent toward his offense. khiu i sia- 
 iu ; beg him to remit punishment. 
 
 A-rT in 9 To aid ; to help; to protect. 
 fh* 1115 5 po-iu ; pi-iu ; to protect, sin- 
 m^ng pi-iu ; the gods protect us. 
 
 m 
 
 iu 75 The puraelo ; the shaddock. 
 1116 6 iu nek ; the pulp of the 
 pumelo. ang iu, peh Iu ; red pumeloes and 
 
 white pumeloes. ciah no phien Iu ; ate two 
 
 sections of a pumelo. Iu phue lang ; a basket 
 made from the rind of a pumelo. 
 
 ^>1 Iu 29 Moreover; furthermore; and 
 y<^ 1114 then ; while. 
 no°-kia° phah phong-phie, iu hau", iu iii ; when 
 children fire off fire-crackers, they like to do 
 it and still are afraid to do it, me" lio iu 
 
 phah, phah lio iu-me"; he alternately beats and 
 scolds her. Iu kue lio cek jit lio ; another day 
 has gone by. tit lio iu sit ; gained and then 
 lost it. mng kue iu mfig ; inquired again and 
 again. cia lu lai lio ! There it is again ! iu 
 ai" chut nang; wants to go out again, iu chin, 
 Iu loh ho, lu thau huang ; it is at once cold, 
 rainy, and windy. iu ai" ciah iu ai" cheng ; 
 
 ■wants both food and clothing. Iu ti su, iu u 
 nang-kheh lai, iu u nang lai chia" khu ta" 
 chiet-io ue ; had business on hand, when com- 
 pany came, and then some one came to get me 
 to go and talk over an important matter, cie" 
 i iu m-ho, hie" i iu m-hd, m cai co-ni h(5 ; this 
 
 does not suit him, and that does not suit him, 
 and I don't know what does suit him. ia 
 
 ai" be bo phau, iu ai° be m ciah chau ; he wants 
 a horse that can run very fast, and at the same 
 time eats no hay. 
 
 iu" 120 Fine; delicate. 
 /|>|1| 790 5 iu" tiu p6 ; fine grass-cloth. 
 hi" cho kai a cii" iu" kai ? Do you want the 
 coarse or the fine ? i kai mo" iu"-ia"; its fur 
 is very fine. ci khi khah iu"; this sort is too 
 fine. CO kau iu°-s6i cSi ; made very carefully, 
 i kai nek iu"-ji iu°-jl ; its flesh is very delicate, 
 min phue ce poh, thoi" tieh cu io iu"-ji ; when 
 the skin is thin the complexion appears more 
 delicate. 
 
 '^ 
 
 iu" 52 Young ; immature ; of tender 
 1116 2 age. 
 iu" hak ; young pupils. ham ke iSu iu" long- 
 long lai ; the whole family, old and young, all 
 came, ciang iu"; the eldest and the youngest, 
 iu" thong ; a young lad. iu" nng ; a young 
 
 girl. iu" ni ; in childhood. iu" soi ; small' 
 and young. iu" cii ; a young monarch, hwn- 
 li'o io iu"-ni ; he is still rather immature. ia°- 
 ci"; not fully grown. 
 
 — jeng — 
 
 Jtltt i^^S ? ^m\ ; as ever ; as before. 
 
 \/J 291 2 jeng ku khia-khi to hu ko ; 
 lives where he used to. jeng-kii si cie"-se"; 
 
 the same as it was before. si ai" leng-ua" a si 
 ai" jeng-ku ? Do you want another sort or the 
 same as that you had before ? 
 
 _5^ jgng 30 Another ; besides ; apart ; by 
 Z7J 546 2 itself. 
 
 jeng jit cia" lai ; came another day. jeng u ke 
 cek nang; there is another person besides, 
 put leng bo jeng ta"; cannot repeat it. j^ng 
 
 poi" cek hu loi-mueh khu sang hu-kai ; prepare 
 a separate set of presents and go and present 
 them to him. 
 
 IE 
 
 — ji — 
 
 ji 10 A child ; an infant. 
 720 6 i bo kia" bo ji ; she is childless, 
 lam-ji ; a son. nng-ji ; a daughter. sio-ji ; a 
 young child. ji sun mua" tng ; a houseful of 
 children. hSi-ji ; an infant, lam-ji kai ci-khi; 
 a boy's resolves. cia si ang hSi-ji ; this is a 
 
 young repi'obate. lu mai" thoi" co ji hi ; you 
 need not look upon this as child's play. kia"» 
 ji coi ; has many children. ji-sai ; ji-hu ; a 
 
 husband. 
 
200 
 
 DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT, 
 
 J^ j! 41 Public cliambers, or halls. 
 
 *4 ^«^7 8 ara-ji; monasteries, ain-kwn 
 ji-i"; raonasteries and their attachments. tai-U 
 jl-khcng ; Court of Appeals. thai-p6k-ji cia°- 
 kheng ; the chief judge in the Court of Ap- 
 peals, jl l"; fanes and temples. 
 
 "~~* ji 7 Second ; two ; twain ; duplicate. 
   ' * 721 pai-ji ; Tuesday. jl gueh cSp- 
 ji a jih-jl ? Is it the twelfth or the twenty- 
 second day of the second month ? kfa°-jit 
 81 chiu-ji ; to-day is the second of the month, 
 i si tCi" ji kai ; he is the second. i ki" jl- 
 cap "gun, lia li hai" i cap-ji ; he wanted 
 twenty dollars and I gave him twelve. b6 
 ji ku ; no two words about it. it Ifti si thoi"- 
 ki" i ksli rain-hun, jl lai si th6i°-ki° lii k&i 
 rain-hun ; I first consider his interests, and 
 next yours. thftu chu si i Itli, jl chu el lu 
 lai, ci chu jl-ke co-pii lai ; the first time it 
 was he who came, the next time it was you 
 who came, and this time you have both come 
 together. ji ke pe'-pe" hua°-ii/; both parties 
 are equally pleased. jl hue lia lu it-tit ; the 
 second time I forgot it. ji ke° a bQe ? Is it 
 the second watch yet ? ji ch6ng hfang Ho ; 
 the gun which announces the second watch 
 has already sounded. cfa sng si ji-tang hue ; 
 this may be reckoned as second-hand goods. 
 i si td tng jl-ia° a si tng sam-ia"? Is he the ser- 
 vant of an officer, or the servant of an officer's 
 servant ? ni'n ji lii chi'a" co ; you, who occupy 
 the second rank, please be seated. ji nang ; 
 the wife next in rank to the chief wife. chQa 
 kaiji-pSng; chii kai ji-pfing ; take a second 
 wife. ni'n si toa pang a si ji pang? Are j'ou 
 the chief or the second wife ? ua si seng i kai 
 ji pua°; I buy from his wholesale stock. i si 
 CO Via kai ji chi'u ; he is my first assistant. lu 
 ki" thau ho a ji liO kai ? Do you want the best 
 or the second best ? 
 
 ^^ ji 89 A letter. 
 
 ~J 1032 8 cek kjli ji; one letter. cSk ciie 
 jl ; a column of characters. cek tie" ji ; a 
 
 written sheet. ji-b<5 ; the radicals, sim-mih ji 
 p6i°, sim-mih ji thau, sim-mih ji e? What is 
 the radical at the side, at the top, and at the 
 bottom ? sit ji, did ji, twn ji ; three methods 
 of writing, the square character, the running 
 hand, and the seal character. ji-ti'en ; a dic- 
 tionary, si uah ji a si si ji ? Is it a noun or a 
 verb ? Is it movable or fixed type ? hu ji, sit ji; 
 characters which represent other words than 
 nouns, and those which represent objects. jl 
 ngfin ; a set phrase. ji ueh ; the strokes in a 
 letter. ji im ; the sound of a letter. ji ngi ; 
 
 meaning of a letter. tah jl ; a letter pasted 
 
 on. khek ji ; an engraved letter. nin jl ; to 
 write, kia ji ; to send a note. chau ji ; copy 
 letters. bie ji ; trace letters through thin 
 
 paper. jl ho ; the label. u hue ji a bo ? Is 
 there an answer to be returned per bearer ? 
 bo hue ji ; no answer. ii hue ji ; an answer is 
 to be returned. 
 
 jl 184 To bait; an allurement. 
 720 6 hi' t\e° cia hu tieh cang slra« 
 mueh lai c6 jl ? What should be used for bait 
 in catching this fish ? i cu lai clah jl ; he takes 
 the bait. khieh ngfln khu ji i ; allure him 
 
 with silver ; catch him with a silver hook. jl 
 th<5i" i ai' m6 ; see if you can tempt him with 
 this. 
 
 tt-j* jl-cak 180 The elbow. 
 /J J 49 8 i sai ji-cak khii khSi' i; 
 he gave him a punch with his elbow, phah jl- 
 cak ; to elbow. i phah-^n mia".ke 6ng jl-cak ; 
 in playing shuttle-cock, he uses his elbow with 
 great skill. 
 
 jl 180 Delicate ; soft ; fine ; exact. 
 631 12 iu"-jl ; fine and delicate, 
 mong tieh iu°-jl cfti ; it feels very soft and fine, 
 lia th6i" i kai n6k fo ^u°-jl, i kai nSk io cho ; it 
 appears to me that her complexion is the more 
 delicate, and hers the more coarse. cf le" hti 
 k&i nfik slang iu°-ji ; the flesh of this fish is 
 very delicate. s6i-ji ; finical. i mih su s6i-jl 
 cSi ; he is very fastidious about everything, i 
 kai la" Qe sbi-sbi ji-jl, ch<&^n bo theng ta"; his 
 mode of speech is very precise, and he says 
 nothing carelessly. 
 
 -jfa- 
 
 •■ jT^ j^a 61 To incite ; to bring on ; to 
 "AlT* 293 9 elicit; to irritate, 
 lu raai" to jia htla ; do not bring evil upon your- 
 self, jia htie lai sie sin ; start a fire to burn 
 one's self, in-jia kau ua su-sle" m hiah ; makes 
 me think of it incessantly. i m ji'a si hui ; he 
 does not provoke discussion. ii hue cti I'n-jia 
 boi-iah ; flowers attract the butterflies. mai° 
 fn-jia i khau ; do not make him cry. jia kau 
 lia se" khi ; made me angry. lu si to jta su ; 
 you are creating a disturbance. 
 
 — jiBk — 
 
 "Hj3 jiak 67 Frail ; pliant ; feeble ; tender. 
 ^^ 295 7 nng-jiak; weak, khun-jiak ; 
 infirm. nng-nng jiak-jlak ; very feeble, sin- 
 thoi s6-jiak ; he is very thin, ci kai nS.ng jiu- 
 jiak ; this person is very pliable. nd-jiak ; 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 201 
 
 pliant. b6 iQu khiang jiak ; without regard 
 
 to strength or weakness. i kai kli\-th6i jiak ; 
 he is of a feeble constitution. hneh-khi hu- 
 jiak, tieh cai p6-iang ; his blood is thin, and he 
 must be well fed. sue-jiak ; decrepid. jiak 
 pang ; the weaker party. 
 
 Zy^ jiak 140 If ; should it be ; supposing ; 
 ^I) 296 "5~ Biniilar to. 
 ju-jiak ai" lai tieh soi" ta"; if you are coming 
 you must say so beforehand. ci kai put jiak 
 hu kai ngi'a ; this is not like that in regard to 
 its beauty, thang-jiak m si, co-nl ? If it is not 
 BO, what then ? jiak si cie"-se° ua cu mai"; if 
 that is the case, I shall not want it. klui jiak 
 cle"-se° ho? How can that be suitable? jiak 
 lun mong nang i cU co tit lai ; if you talk about 
 a person he is apt to come. jiak ta" m-h6 cu 
 m-ai°; should he say anything against it, then 
 do not take it. 
 
 — jiam — 
 
 "Vi^ ji'am 75 To dye ; to tint ; to tinge. 
 ^^t^ 286 6 ai" jiam tl cek sek ? What 
 color do you want it to be dyed ? bo khu tiam 
 j^am i ; do not get this tinged by that. jiam 
 hng ; a dyer's establishment. jiam cng-kah ; 
 tint the finger nails. put kiie tiam jiam ce ; 
 
 only the finishing touches. 
 
 A large serpent found in 
 southern China, described as 
 fifty feet long ; it can seize deer for food ; it 
 has long teeth and a bright variegated skin, 
 which is used for covering guitars. jiam cua 
 ta°; the gall of the large serpent, reputed to be 
 useful iu curing consumption. 
 
 — Jiang — 
 
 %^^ ji'ai^g 115 To fast and pray, as Taouists 
 iJ^ 290 TT do, in order to avert calamity. 
 Jiang tu hiSa-iang ; avert calamity by prayer 
 and fasting. i cu pat jiang che" kai huap ; he 
 understands the manner of intercession with 
 one's natal star. 
 
 jiang 30 To cry aloud ; to bawl j to 
 
 291 17 vociferate. 
 i 111 ka° jiang ; he dare not cry out. j^f^^ig m 
 hiah ; scolds incessantly. kia" kau boi jiang ; 
 BO frightened that I could not scream. j^aug 
 kau au bo sia"; screeched till hoarse, ai" jiang 
 li jiang m chut ; wanted to scream but could 
 make no sound. lu thia" ua ta", mai" co lu 
 
 li-kwn jiang ; listen to what I am saying and 
 do not give yourself up to screaming, i jiang 
 mih su ? What is he bawling about ? i jiang 
 
 XtX 285 6 
 
 id thia"; he is crying out because he has a pain 
 in his stomach. j'ang hi" thia"; crying with 
 ear-ache, kim-cf suang-jiang ; forbid all voci- 
 feration. bQe ceng tia" tieh i cu jiang ; before 
 he was touched he began to shriek. thak to 
 m thak hp-ho, co-ni tho-jiang ? When you are 
 reading, why do you not read nicely and not 
 yell ? i sa° ke" pua° me" li(5-li(5 si-si th6-jiang ; 
 in the middle of the night, when he is just as 
 well as usual, he shrieks out. kia" kau he- 
 
 he-kie, jvvn jiang ; so scared that he screamed 
 frantically. 
 
 jiang 149 To reprove; to recriminate. 
 291 17 lu hd jiang i ; you will 
 do well to reprove him. i khut lia jiang lio 
 
 bo lie ho in ; when I reproved him, he had 
 nothing to say in reply. ua khut i jiang si ; 
 she blamed me severely, i cai cue lio, ta° jiang 
 ce cii ho ; he is aware of his fault, now it is 
 enough to merely reprove him. cek kia" su cii 
 jiang m hau" hiah ; whenever anything hap- 
 pens, he finds fault most persistently, cie" miig 
 khu jiang i ; go to the door and reproach him. 
 
 jiang 149 To cede ; to give way to ; 
 291 17 to show respect to others, 
 lu ho jiang i ; you should give place to him. 
 hia"-ti tieh hd sie jiang, iTi hd sie ce"; brethren 
 should waive their rights in favour of each 
 other, and should not be at variance. jiang 
 
 kai ui khut i co ; give up your seat to him. 
 jiang tio lo kliut i kiie ; give place for him to 
 pass you on the road. mhi" t<5 sie jiang ; do 
 
 not stand and wait each for the other to take 
 precedence. 
 
 -jl3- 
 
 jie 44 Urine. 
 
 632 4 pting jie ; to urinate, jie-pau ; 
 the bladder, jie lo-lo, m cheng; turbid urine, 
 boi pang jie ; retention of urine, chua jie ; jid 
 chua cek min-chng ; to wet the bed. 
 
 — jleh — 
 
 jieh 62 An interrogation ; how ; very 
 
 333 9 many, 
 kau hu kp jieh hng ? How far is it there ? Id 
 ai" jieh toa kai ? How large an one do yoii 
 want ? thiim thoi" u jieh chim ; probe it and 
 see how deep it is. nie thoi" jieh khuah ; 
 
 measure it and see how wide it is. i jieh coi 
 hiae ? How old is he ? ra cai i jieh coi hiie ; do 
 not know how old he is. i u jieh coi kSi kia"? 
 How many children has she ? boi kau ta" il 
 jieh kii lio ? How long ago did you buy it ? i 
 to siu u jieh coi ci" to kd, cp-ni m hau" hSi' 
 
202 
 
 DICTIONART OF THB SWATOVT DIAtECT. 
 
 lia? He is all the time taking in ever so much 
 money, so why will he not pay me ? f -keng 
 lai jieh kii lio hwn-lio ta" m pat to khu ; came 
 ever so long ago and is still unable to talk, 
 lia b6 jieh coi ; 1 have no great number, teng 
 th6i° jieh tSng; weigh it and see how heavy it is. 
 
 — jien — 
 AH^ jien 80 An adverbial particle, im- 
 ^\\ 285 8 plying it is so. 
 cu.jien ; of course ; naturally ; certainly. cfi-cH 
 jien-jien ; just so ; to be sure. kua"-jien ; 
 
 really ; truly. cQ jien jii jion ; self-existent ; 
 
 underived ; it comes of itself, cp lai cu-jieu 
 cSi ; it is made so as to look very natural, 
 hut-jion cu b6 khu ; suddenly disappeared. c6. 
 
 J "ten cu lai ; came abruptly or unexpectedly, of 
 :ai su lia thoi" tieh bue jion ; I look upon this 
 as still uncertain. i kai iie to m jien li ; 
 
 what he says is very improbable, put khi-jion 
 jii-j^en ; it came quite unexpectedly. ci kla" 
 6U i cio^-se" til" lu thoi" jien a m jien ? Do you 
 consider what he says about this probable or 
 improbable ? i ka i jion-Su cia" 6i ; after she 
 has taught him he will be able, sp-f-jien k&i 
 tp-li ; a necessary doctrine. i thang-jion cii 
 
 khu; he went understandingly. peh kaug b6 
 jion ; without any apparent reason for it. 
 
 ^r-^ jieu 180 Resembling; like. 
 ' 1^ 795 ~8~ i se° lai jien i a bd, i7i jien i 
 a pe ; he looks like his mother, not like his 
 father. hu k^i ta-po kui cu jien i a pe ; the 
 
 boy is like his father. no kai se° lui jien c&i ; 
 the two look much alike. lu thdi" ue lai jien 
 me ? Do you think the portrait good ? lia 
 
 thoi" li jien ; I think the likeness good. cia 
 
 ue lai cng kai m jien ; this drawing bears no 
 resemblance to the original, i kai khwn jien- 
 jien i a-kong ; his looks and ways are just like 
 his grandfather's. ne jien-jien ; an exact 
 
 counterpart. 
 
 — jiet — 
 
 ZNJL jiet 86 Heat ; fever ; warm ; ardent. 
 j%\\ 293 11 jiet c5i ; feverish; restless. 
 thi°-si iam-jiet ; the weather is very hot. sxi- 
 jiet ksii si-hau ; in the hot season. hu kp lau- 
 jiet ; there is much bustle there. lau-lau jiet- 
 jiet kai si-hau ; in times of great excitement 
 and activity. hu kai tl-hng sim si jiet-lau ; 
 
 that place is one where there is a great deal 
 going on. lau-lau jiet-jiet, boi ko-cio ; many 
 people coming and going, and no quietude. 
 mai° kiia" nang to lau-jiet; do not mix yourself 
 up in their affairs, i no nang sim si chin-jiet ; 
 the two are ardently attached to each other, i 
 6i hwt jiet a boi ? Does he have fever ? ' oak 
 
 n 
 
 sie-jiet; has a fever, hwn-lfo ii jiet-klu; there is 
 still warmth in it. huang-ld Ip jiet; the earthen 
 stove is heated. tieh mc°-ine° ciah i jiet tho ; 
 must quickly take something to reduce the 
 fever. lia mong tieh i kai chi'u-toi 6i jiet ; I 
 find his hands very hot in the palm. chaa- 
 jiot kai much, in-hd ciah ; do not eat what is 
 heating, i kui tng thia", to jiet ; he has pain 
 and iuflammation in his bowels. 
 
 -jih- 
 jih 64 To urge one to accept. 
 1068 8 jih kau nu-png-kua ka-Uuh; 
 press a gift upon one, till the cover of the 
 basket falls off. jih i siu, i to ui kheng siu ; 
 urged him to accept it, but he would not. Id 
 mfn-cng cai-sa" jih, ua T-kong siu Ho; yoti 
 need not urge rae again and again to accept 
 some, I have already accepted some. 
 
 jih 64 To press upon with the hand. 
 
 622 6 jih kin ; press it tightly. jih 
 ill Iph ; I cannot press it in. jih i jip khu ; 
 
 press it in. lu kSi ch{u cai jili, mai" pun 
 
 huang chue cdu ; press your hand upon it, and 
 do not let the wind blow it away, chi'u jih t5 
 i thilu-khak ; pressed his hand upon his head, 
 i kai sim-kua'-thau jih tieh pok-pok kio ; when 
 you lay your hand on his chest you can feel it 
 throb. jih Iph ce ; press it down a little, m- 
 hd jih khuh tliiara ; do not press it too hard, 
 jih cii ; stop it by pressing tho hand upon it. 
 
 Il» jih 24 Twenty ; a score. 
 
 I I 300 1 jih gua nang ; more than a 
 score of people. lu tang jih sun cia° lai ; wait 
 till the last ten days of the month, then come. 
 jih-.si ngo kai pang-bd; about the twenty-fourth 
 or twenty-tifth of the month, jih gua hiie lio ; 
 over twenty years old. 
 
 — jfra — 
 JjJ ji'ra 61 Fortitude ; patience ; to bear 
 i|JU> 287 3 with; to repress; to give way to. 
 jim-nJii ; endure, khak-kho jira-nai ; to persis- 
 tently bear up under. jim-se°; patient, jim 
 kill thun sia°; I'estrain auger, by not speaking, 
 e jim bo ngan; silently endure. jim m cii; 
 unendurable. jim sim hai li; harshly violate 
 propriety. i kai sim chang-jim cSi ; his spirit 
 is undisciplined. jim jok pp chiu ; bear the 
 disgrace in order to avenge it. lu tieh oi kien 
 jim ; you have unflinching fortitude. i mia°- 
 ke jim cai ; he exercised admirable patience, 
 ci'a si i cia° 6i jim ; this what she has to put 
 up with. pat nang jim m khu ; other people 
 would not bear it. jim-khi se" chai ; patience 
 begets riches. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 203 
 
 J^k ]ini 83 Tlie ninth of the ten stems ; 
 
 I ^ 287 1 it belongs to water, 
 luk jiin kai cu ; a book of raagic. i mia°-ke 
 
 thoi" l&k-jitn ; he is expert in the study of 
 magic. 
 
 Jrf^ jim 9 To sustain ; to trust; a duty; 
 JZE 289 4 to undertake, 
 cia si i kai ceh-jlm ; this is a duty belong- 
 ing to his post. i bo ceh bp iirn ; he has no 
 responsibilities. kua tieh tang jira ; bears a 
 heavy responsibility. ci kai ceh-jirn toa ; this 
 is a weighty responsibility. i to jim lia kai 
 BU ; he bears the responsibility in this affair of 
 mine. ua sin-jIm i ; I confide in hira. jina i ; 
 entrust the matter to hira. lu m ho jim i 
 theng op ; you should not trust to his careless 
 management. jim-pheng lu co-ni ta", lia to m 
 thia"; whatever you say, I shall not heed it. i 
 CO su khah jim se" ; he gives way to his temper 
 too much. chai-cheng m seng jim ; his abili- 
 ties do not fit him for the post, jim phah to 
 m hi ; he is not frightened at being beaten. 
 
 /tYI jim 9 To hold office ; an incumbent. 
 I -1a 289 4 hu jim ; to repair to one's post, 
 tiang-si cie" jim ? When does he enter upon 
 the duties of his office ? lai cih i kai jim ; 
 
 comes and takes the seals of his office. sin 
 
 jim kua° ; the new incumbent. hin jim to cp 
 sim-raueh? What is the present incumbent 
 doing ? coi" jim si ti-tiang ? Who was the 
 
 former incumbent ? cie" jim si se° mih kai ? 
 What was the surname of the previous incum- 
 bent ? ci jim kua" ho me ? Is the present 
 magistrate a good one ? i khu cih sin jim ; 
 he has gone to take the seals of a new office, ce 
 kau jim, cu li-kwn li su ; as soon as he arrived 
 at his post he devoted himself to the transac- 
 tion of business. sia jim au kau ta" jieh kii ? 
 How long is it since he resigned his office? 
 u jim-.sp ; has a position. ii jim a bo ? Has 
 he any office ? keh ceh, lau jim ; to degrade, 
 and yet retain in office, phang tai-ke khu lau 
 jim ; get a remonstrance from the people 
 against his going out of office. 
 
 — jin — 
 
 Ajin 9 The human race ; man ; man- 
 286 kind ; personal ; human, 
 hu-jin nang ; women. long jin ; farmers, 
 
 lam-jin, nng-jin ; men and women, kang jin ; 
 workmen. huara jin ; criminals, sok jin ; 
 
 common people, ie" jin ; foreigners, jin-min ; 
 the people, jin chin ; the nobility, huam cue 
 kai nang kie-cp cue jin ; those who sin, are 
 called sinners. h^ kai n^ng kie-cp sien jin ; 
 
 the good are called the righteous, cun hu-j!n ; 
 your wife. t5i-jin; the great man ; exalted sir. 
 slo jin ; the rude, the unlearued. seng jin Ho ; 
 he is of age. hu-jiu kai pin-khip si hu-jin, sok 
 jin, kiong-jin, ngi-jin, ang-jin, ju-jin, lak khi ; 
 the titles given to women are six, depending on 
 the rank of the husband, whether he be of the 
 first, second, third, fourth, fifth, or sixth rank, 
 chia-jin ; tek-jin ; an enemy. un jin ; toa un 
 jin ; a benefactor. ui jin-kun kai nang ; the 
 Emperor. ui jin-cii tieh kia^-hau pe-bp ; the 
 crown-prince even must obey his parents, kia" 
 iii in seng jin ; fear he is not going to be much 
 of a man. se" lai cii si kai miii" jin ; is a well- 
 made man. .siang jin ; the head of the house, 
 jin-mueh ; folk, koh ie" kai nang kie-cp i jin ; 
 people who are unlike other people are called 
 queer, seng jin put cu-eSi, cu-cai put seng jin; 
 successful people are not those who live at ease, 
 and those who live at ease are not successful. 
 
 A—^ jin 9 Charity ; humanity ; benevol- 
 I — * 287 2 ence ; humane; a kernel, a pit, 
 a small seed. 
 
 jin-ngi ; just. i si kia° jin-tek kai n4ng ; he 
 
 is one who acts with regard to the welfare of 
 others. i kfii sira jin-chu ; he is tender- 
 
 hearted, i sim si jin-ai peh-se"; he is very 
 
 regardful of the weal of the people. ci kai 
 
 nang put jin ; this person has no regard for 
 others. i bp jin bp ngi ; he has no sense of 
 
 justice. heng- jin ; almonds. ti-tau jin ; the 
 meat of peanuts. kue-ci jin ; the pit of 
 
 fruits. raak-ciu jin ; the eyeball. thong jiu ; 
 the pupil of the eye. i"-bi-jin ; maize. 
 
 "^^ jin 149 To confess ; to recognize. 
 |:t>Ui> 289 7 in jin, phah kau i jin ; if he 
 
 will not own up to it, beat him till he does, i 
 m kheng jin ciie ; he will not confess his sin. 
 i jin cue lio ; he has already confessed his fault, 
 jin m chut; does not recognize it. jin m pat td 
 khu ; m pat to jin ; have no mark by which to 
 know it. lia jin tieh i ; I recognized it. khut 
 lia jin tieh ; it was recognized by me. chia° 
 
 nang lai tam jin ; ask some one to spy out 
 whether it is the same one. i keh-piet kii, jin 
 m pat to khu ; they have been long separated, 
 and do not recognize each other. i ra jin lia; 
 he does not recognize me. i si Itli mSu" jiu 
 
 kai ; he has come to lay claim to it, on the 
 ground of recognizng it as his own. i m seng 
 jin ; he did not feel wholly sure that it was the 
 same one. jin m cheng-chp ; not certain that 
 it was the same one. i ang cia sie jin ; the 
 
 husband and wife recognized each other, jin- 
 cin ; scrupulous. i cp su jin cin ; he acts with 
 scrupulous regard to truth. 
 
204 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 jKSL ji'o 64 To give or bring trouble to j 
 4^^, 292 16 to embarrass, 
 mai" kio-jxo tieh iiang ; do not discommode 
 people, i cong-kii lai to kfo- j/o ; he is always 
 bothering us. cia sX td j/o-liAi tl-hiig ; this is 
 rendering the country unsafe. thi-"e jio-lwn ; 
 a state of disturbance everywhere. i c6-ni ai" 
 lai ii°-jio lu ? Why should he come and harass 
 yon ? da, Itli jio-htln Iti ; I am putting you to 
 trouble. u ji'o u ji'o ; a deal of bother, su c5, 
 cfa khah kiie ji'o ; 1 beg pardon, I am putting, 
 you to too much trouble, sim ce jio tieh ke-bQ 
 cQ m cc"; as soon as one's mind is disturbed by 
 domestic matters, he is not trauquil. 
 
 riT jio 87 Claws ; talons. 
 / l\ 34 1)6° jfo; tigers' claws, sin ng6 
 jio Ifmg; embroider a five clawed dragon, 
 ci ie" hue si eng-jio k&i ; this flower is the 
 " hawk's claw." i kfti ji'o 1(5 jio th6 ; he is 
 
 sciatcliiiig up the ground with his claws, 
 khut i kai jfo jio lieh ; was scratched by its 
 claws. Ciig i CO j\o-ge; use him as a cat's paw. 
 
 >^K ji'o 162 To environ ; to compass. 
 7^ 2J)2 12 fii-jio ; to environ. ti"-jfo, 
 to compass about ; to cord up. 
 
 jio 120 Crape. 
 
 962 10 jio-se ; crape, u jio ; camlet, 
 i pak cek nfa fl.ng jio-se kun ; she had on a red 
 crape skirt, cheng cek kia" Iftm jio koih hiu"; 
 wore a blue crape sleeveless jacket, unwadded. 
 so jio ; plain crape, kng jio ; Cantonese crape, 
 ciang jio ; Amoy crape. sua" jio ; rep-crape, 
 kek jio ; rough crape. lii kai lam jio ki" eng 
 sira-mih hue-chau kai? What sort of flowers 
 do you want in your blue crape ? 
 
 ijrfr 3^° ^ "^^ claw; to scratch with 
 *P|V 32 4 the nails, 
 jio kau i kui min ku-a leh ; scratched him so 
 that his face has several deep scratches on it. 
 jio kau hueh lau hueh tih ; scratched him so 
 that the blood ran. ce jio phua phfle hueh 
 
 cu l&u ; if you scratch through the skin, the 
 blood will start out. si ngio jio tieh a si kau 
 jio tieh ? Were you scratched by the cat or 
 by the dog ? khut i kai ji'o jio tieh ; was 
 
 scratched by his claws, jio kau ku-a kai ciig- 
 kah hun ; scratched so as to leave several 
 marks of the finger nails. 
 
 ^it jio 107 Crumpled; creased; wrinkled. 
 yUt^ 962 10 khut i te" kau jio-jio ; he has 
 squeezed it till it is all crumpled up. raai" 
 
 chip jio ; do not press it into creases. co lio 
 
 jio-jio ; rumpled it by sitting on it. n6a° k^a 
 jio-jio hai°-hai°; rumpled it all up by lying 
 down in it. mSn phue jio-jio ; her skin is 
 
 shrivelled. i stii si ngo-lak-cap hue min-phfte 
 ciig kai boi jio ; although she is fifty or sixty 
 years old her face is not at all wrinkled. ci 
 
 cang hue khut jit ph^k jio klm, lieh cai ak 
 cui ; this plant has wilted in the sunshine, and 
 must be watered. cu-cheh mai chip jio ; do 
 not crease your book. 
 
 "h^ j^® §§ Fascinating. 
 
 XTC 292 12 io-jio; to charm ; to ogle, io- 
 
 io jio-jio ; to play tricks with ; to try to appear 
 
 fascinating. 
 
 jio 184 Plenty to eat ; affluent. 
 ♦TO 292 12 pii-jio ; richly supplied. hii 
 kai tl-hng pii-jio ; that land is one in which 
 food abounds. cl kiii nl hii-kp jio ciii ; these 
 few past years there has been enough and to 
 spare there. slm si jio-sck kfti tl-hng ; it is a 
 land of gi-oat plenty. hong- jio ; affluence, 
 
 jio-ju ; supembuudance. 
 
 jio 166 So pursue ; to chase after ; to 
 313 8 drive out ; to expel, 
 lu m6'-me" khii jio i tng-lAi ; go quickly after 
 him and bring him back. tieh kia° me" cS 
 
 cia" jio tit tieh ; walk faster then you will over- 
 take him. jio kau jit-tau, ll-sl jio m tieh, lu cQ 
 h<5 tng l&i, mai" cai jfo khu ; pursue him till 
 noon, and if you do not overtake him, then re- 
 turn, and follow him no farther. ii huang cQ 
 jio tit tieh ; if there is wind we shall overtake 
 him. jio i chut khu; drive them out. jio 
 ie"; to tend sheep. jio gu; to drive cattle. 
 
 ki° jio cek khun ah khu tl-k6 ? Whither are 
 you driving that flock of ducks ? tu si td kio 
 tlo mueh a m si, lu khu jio i khui ; the pig is 
 rooting up something is he not, you go and 
 drive him off. lu tieh cai jio ngio, mki" khut i 
 thau clah mueh ; you must remember to drive 
 out the cat, and not let her eat up the things. 
 ca me°-am lln-l5ng-kie si ngio td jio nio°-chu a 
 m si ? The clatter last night was caused by the 
 cat chasing rats was it not ? chak khieh Ho co 
 i khu, bo nSng ka° khu jio i ; the thief took it 
 and went off, no one daring to give chase to him. 
 
 — jip — 
 
 Ajlp 11 To enter ; to enter upon ; to 
 299 put in. ^ 
 ci'a hue si ai" jip khau kai a si ki" chut khaa 
 kai ? Are these goods for importation or for 
 exportation ? mueh ho, siu jip ci lai ; when 
 you have done them all up, put them in here. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 205 
 
 sui D^ng to si chut jlp ci kfti King ; everybody 
 goes in and out at this door. seng-h' Ip b6 
 
 ci° 1)(5 jip ; there is nothing coming in from the 
 business. C)e"-si bo mih ci" jip chiu ; there is 
 but little money coming in lately. ce u ci" 
 
 jip chi'u cu sang-hai" lu ; as soon as I have any 
 money in hand I will pay you. i thia" iie to 
 thia" ni jip hi"; what he hears does not enter 
 into his mind. m bie jip ; incongruous, lu 
 lieh cai jip sio ; you must remember to enter 
 it in account. tiang-si ai" jip hue ? When are 
 you to begin to live in that houee ? i to chut 
 kua" jip hu; he has official visitors coming 
 and going, i thoi" kliu jip sin; he has studied 
 it till he is versed in it. to jip put hu ^6 
 
 chut ; his income is not equal to his outlay?, 
 tieh liang jip ui chut; estimate your income 
 to see what you can expend. i tiang-si jip 
 
 6h ? When does he enter school ? jip f-iu-chai 
 kau ta" jieh ku ? How long is it since he took 
 his degree of A.M. ? thoi" m jip mak ; it 
 
 does not please my eye. thoi" tit jip miik ; 
 
 pleasing to the eye. i chph tie ta" khu jip 
 
 cheng jip li ; what he said was reasonable, bp 
 i jip lai ; will not allow him to enter. ai° jip 
 mi"; will stuff it with cotton. jip coi" n ng 
 
 a jip au mng ? Did he go in by the front door 
 or by the back door ? jip lai ci lai co; come in 
 here and sit down. ci'-kp ho jip khu me ? 
 
 Can we go in here ? cp-pu jip Ifi,i thoi"; go in 
 together and see. cp-ni boi tit jip? Why will 
 it not go in ? koi-koi cu jip ; it will go in 
 easily. jip kong-hiic ; enter a club, ngi jip, 
 put ngi chut ; takes in but does not give out. 
 ta" jip bo ta" chut ; makes mistakes in his own 
 favour but not otherwise. 
 
 -jU- 
 
 T~t jit 72 The sun ; a day ; daily ; day 
 P 293 time. 
 
 jit-thau ; the sun. jit sih ; an eclipse of 
 
 the sun. jit me"; the sun is hot. chia" t^i jit ; 
 ask for the eight characters which denote the 
 time of one's birth. ii cek kai jit-ci s-iang ho ; 
 it would be best to have a fixed time, peh jit 
 chiV-kiap; robbed him in broad daylight, 
 than tng peh jit ; openly, in broad day. ke no 
 ea" jit ; in two or three days. lien jit Iph ho ; 
 rains continuously for days at a time. cek 
 lien Iph ku-a jit; fell for several days at a 
 stretch, keh ke si jit; four days later, sim- 
 mih jit-khi ? At what period of time ? p^k 
 
 jit ; some other day. tang e-jit ; wait till 
 
 another day. lu cie" jit ceng ta"; you said so 
 the other day. miia-jit ; to-moriow. Su-jit ; 
 day after to-morrow ; heieafter. ua tSng coi" 
 jit lai h'o ; I have been here since day before 
 
 yesterday, cd jit m cSng chut I&i ; he did not 
 come out yesterday, cph jit ; c6i" jit ; the day 
 before yesterday, toa &n jit; the day after day 
 after to-morrow. toa c6i" jit ; the day before 
 day before yesterday, kim jit; kfa"jit; to-day. 
 kia°-jit sio" sim much ? What day in the cycles 
 is to-day ? ii chut jit tieh khieh khu philk ; 
 if the sun comes out you must take it and put 
 it in the sun. lu mai" chut khu phak jit ; do 
 not go out in the sun. i chin, t<5 cieh jit; he is 
 cold, and is warming himself in the sun. bo 
 jit bp sph ; there is no sun at all. ai" tang ti 
 cek jit ? To what day is it deferred ? tAng 
 ti cek jit lai ? On what day did it come ? kio 
 i CO se" jit ; make a birth-day party for him. 
 Be"-jit sie lung; having the same birthday, 
 jit chut lio ; the sun is up ; the sun has come 
 out. jit khi-thau chut; the sun is just rising, 
 jit ai" loh ; the sun is about to set. jit-thaa 
 Iph sua"; the sun is setting. jit tiii tang ; the 
 sun is directly overhead. jit sia a hue ? Is 
 
 the sun past the meridian yet? kau gueh 
 
 kau nah jit bp eng cu-nie li m tit ; in the 
 ninth month, in the shortest day of the year, 
 a good-for-nothing woman can't get through 
 with the day's work. lu kue ke cek jit Ho ; 
 
 another day is gone. cek jit cek jit koi kiie 
 
 cai ; a day at a time passes quickly. m cai si 
 jit-kua a si me"-kiia ; did not know whether it 
 was day or night. jit cie kau ci iSi ; the sun 
 shines in. i kai mak m ka" chie" jit ; he dare 
 not look at the sun. i khu tph jit khi kang ; 
 he has gone to choose a lucky day for begin- 
 ning the work. cia jit si ti-tiang thoi" kai ? 
 Who sought out the lucky day ? jit cam ; the 
 sun's rays. jit cek jit kia" cek khuang ; the 
 
 sun traverses a great circle each day. th<5i°- 
 ki" jit to tang poi" phu khi Ifii, to sai poi" 16h 
 khu; behold the sun rising in the east, and 
 setting in the west. jit-jit si cie"-se"; every 
 day it is thus, jit gueh n si cau lang; even the 
 sun and moon sometimes encounter dangers. 
 jit si chiu-it sih, a si chiu-ji sih ? Is the eclipse 
 of the sun on the first or on the second day 
 of the month ? jit td; the days are short, 
 jit tng ; the days are lengthening. jit-tau ; 
 
 noonday. jit cd ; it is still early in the day. 
 jit ua" lio ; it is already late in the day. jit- 
 ci kiie lio ; the set day is past. kue kiii jit ; 
 
 you are too late by several days, khah ke jit ; 
 too many days. tieh tui jit ; you must come 
 on the day appointed, ho si h<5 jit ; a lucky 
 period. kit jit, hiong jit ; a lucky or an 
 
 unlucky day. thau cek jit ; the first day. 
 
 toi" ji jit ; the next day. u tia" jit a bp tia° 
 
 jit ? Is there a fixed day for it or not ? 15 
 
 kau jit ; pickle it for a sufficient number of 
 
206 
 
 DICTIONADT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 days. jit ki" jit tSa ; grows bigger day by 
 
 day. i kfa''-jit chut jit; to-day is the seventh 
 after the decease. lu thoi" u lai jit, a bo l^i 
 jit ? Do you consider that there is a future for 
 the enterprise, or not ? to se° kiie jit ; barely 
 enough to live upon from day to day. to jit 
 ju ni ; a day is like a year in passing. lu coh 
 kang SI lun jit, a lun gueh ? Are you working 
 by the day or by the month ? jit me", tang 
 kau jit nng cia" hd khu; the sun is very hot, 
 wait till the sun's rays are less powerful, and 
 then go. jit ce cliut cu j&ah ; as soon as the 
 sun comes out it will be hot. jit am ; at dark, 
 jit ai" am ; it is nearly dark. u thi" b6 jit- 
 
 th&u ; there is a sunless sky ; there is no strong 
 light upon it. pai jit; every day. cia jit, cfth 
 jit; screen from the sun. 
 
 — jiu — 
 
 jiu 75 Complaisant ; pliant ; flexible. 
 
 294 6 un-jiu ; meek, jin-nng; plia- 
 ble, kai s6"-ch6ng jiu-jiak ; his disposition is 
 mild, sia" jiu- jiu ; a soft voice. i jiu-jia nS, 
 b6i khi ; he is very gentle, and not easily an- 
 noyed, i kai chi'a ung-jiu nng-jia n6 ; her 
 arms are very weak. i li khah kang, i li 
 khah jia ; this is too stiff, and this too limp, 
 ci ie° chiu-ki io nng-jiu, h(5 khut co uah mi^eh 
 kai heng; the branches of these trees are flexi- 
 ble, and may be formed into the outlines of 
 living creatures. 
 
 --j6k — 
 
 ^^rf j6k 145 A mattress. 
 1a^ 300 10 min-chng phCie jok ; bed- 
 stead, coverlet, and mattress. j6k kia°; a 
 cushion, ci ie" ho co jok ; this sort is good for 
 
 cushions. 
 
 J^^ jok 161 To insult; to put to shame. 
 -if^ 299 3 khut i jok tieh ; was insulted 
 by him. jim jok ; endure reproach. i to jok 
 pe-bd ; he rails at his parents. ci'a si to jok i 
 kai CO ; this is dishonoring his ancestors, tng 
 mln cu jok i ; shamed him to his face. pi i 
 
 leng-jok ; insulted by him. siu jok ; receive 
 
 insult. j6k-me°; rail at. bo kwn long jok ; 
 regardless of glory or shame. 
 
 — j6ng — 
 
 *|-|^ Jong 14 A calling and its duties ; 
 yiJ 304 2 hurried, 
 su jong cai ; pressed with business. su-bii 
 
 hwu-jong ; multifarious business. chi'a" i 
 
 buah jong, coi" lui ; ask him to lay aside his 
 work and come forward. sang tio jong hiii ; 
 cat off the extra expenses. 
 
 jong 82 Fine hair or feathers ; 
 
 303 12 feathery. 
 
 jong-md"; soft fluffy hair. tek chin thi''-si se° 
 j6ng-mo°; deers in cold weather have a coat of 
 fine hair grow out. koi-kia" chut nng-khak, 
 i kai mo" cu j6ng-j6ng ; when the chicken 
 emerges from the shell, its feathers are downy. 
 
 jdng 120 Floss ; velvet ; velveteen. 
 
 303 6 kiin jong; trim with velvet. 
 ie°j6ng; foreign velvet. so jong; Soochow 
 velvet. cang j6ng l&i chiah ; embroider it 
 
 with floss, boi c6k chieh Iftm jdng co Sra-nfa ; 
 buy a foot of blue velvet to make a collar, no 
 li'u jong ; two skeins of floss. 
 
 jdng 140 Deer's horns ; antlers. 
 
 304 6 tek jong ; young deer's 
 horns, jong phien ; shavings of deer's antlera. 
 jdng ka ; glue made from deer's antlers. mi" 
 jdng ; elk horns. jdng kfin ; the base of the 
 antler, (considered valuable as a medicine). 
 
 Afh j^i^Sr ^ Still ; ever ; jast as before. 
 l/J 291 2 jdng-kQ si cie"-se°; it is ever 
 thus. i siji si pun i tda n&ng liah khu keng- 
 kai, hwn-lio jdng-kQ boi pi"; though taken to 
 task by her husband, she is still unchanged 
 from what she was before. joug-jien ; still 
 
 the same. 
 
 -fHr jdng 62 Warlike; military. 
 !ZKi 303 2 c<5ng-jdng ; His Excellency, 
 the major-general. i si tHi-ngwn-jdng ; he is 
 commander-in-chief. jdng cuang ta-pang ; in 
 martial array. 
 
 — ju- 
 ju 6 The breast ; the teat ; milk. 
 298 7 jii bc5 ; a foster mother. jii- 
 
 hie"; frankincense. ceng-jii-cieh ; stalactites. 
 
 jii kim ; liquid gold used in painting. 
 
 jii 88 Young; plump and tender. 
 
 642 11 i ciah kau jii- jii; she has grown 
 young. ai" sie kai tu tieh jii ju; for roasting, 
 the pig must be a young plump one. ci ciah 
 koi jii-jii ; this fowl is young and tender. 
 
 61 
 
 ^ 
 
 ./^»r ju 61 In a further degree ; more ; 
 iCi^ 1126 9 better ; convalescent. 
 jii me" jii ho ; the quicker the better. cf k^i 
 jii ngia ; this is still handsomer. cia lia jii- 
 
 keug ai°; for this I have a still greater desire, 
 jii miig jii m pat ; the more he was questioned 
 the less he knew. jii thoi" jii hiin ; the more 
 I study it, the more confused I am. jii ke ; 
 
 still more, jii cfe j still less. cie"-se° jii-keng 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 207 
 
 kliua"-uah ; that is more comfortable. cfa jii 
 iu"; this is still finer. cira ju ku, jii li6 ; the 
 
 longer you soak it the better. i chwn-jii a 
 
 bue ? Is he convalescent yet ? i chwn-ju lio ; 
 he is already convalescent. 
 
 ju 149 To praise one to his face ; to 
 1121 8 adulate, 
 i si thfam-ml min-ju kai xifing ; he is a syco- 
 phant and flatterer. chara tla'am min-ju ; to 
 curry favor by depreciating others and beprais- 
 ing the one addressed. kia" su pe-bo, to tieh 
 u ju-sek wn-iong; children when waiting upou 
 their parents, must have a deferential manner, 
 and a cheerful countenance. 
 
 // ju 11 To respond ; to answer ; to as- 
 »S 1 1 23 7 sent; to agree to ; yes ; cei'tainly . 
 cau khu i"-keng ju-jiin kai; what has been laid 
 before the emperor and assented to by him. 
 cia si huang-siaug ju-jun kfii ; this is accorded 
 by the emperor. ki° mong ju-juu li cu mai° 
 cai ta"; whatever has once been granted may 
 not be withdrawn. 
 
 A ^t 3 A 9_ Literati ; philosophers ; the 
 Itfif 297 14 learned; refined, 
 ju ka ; Confucianism, jucia; scholars, hang 
 ju; an indigent scholar. puju; a wealthy 
 
 literai'y man. si hii ko kui mia" ju ; it is one 
 of their celebrated scholars. si cek to kai 
 
 tai ju ; is the greatest scholar of the age. lau 
 eu Ruah ju ; a learned man, who is not an ofii- 
 eial. ju oh ; a district director of graduates, 
 ci'a ue si hu-ju kai ue ; this language is pedan- 
 tic, i sng si ju. ui ; he is considered a learned 
 physician. niai" cp sio-jin ju, tieh co kun-cu 
 j u ; do not be a pretended scholar, but a real 
 one. sim si ju-ngia ; is really very refined. 
 
 cf kai n&ng ju cai ; this person is very stylish, 
 much ju cai ; the thing is elegant. ju-ju ; 
 
 very elegant. 
 
 "ntt 3^ 38 As ; like ; according to ; if ; 
 ^H 297 3 then; as to. 
 ju chu ; like this ; thus. lu ju-jiak ai" lai 
 
 li kio lia ta"; if you are coming, then tell me. 
 put ju mai"; not to do so would be better. ua 
 thoi" tieh i put ju lu ; I think you are better 
 than he. bo ho tang phua put ju tok kia"; it 
 is better to be alone than to be in bad company, 
 put ju ; nothing like ; it will be better than, 
 ju i so ta" kai ue li ai° cp-ni ? If it be as he 
 said, then what ? bvvn su ju i ; everything 
 
 according to one's wish. cJe"-si mng ju i ; 
 
 everything goes on well lately. i ju a-si 
 
 ai° cie''-se" ua cu mai"; if that is the way he 
 wants it, than I will have nothing to do with 
 
 it. ju-h6k ra cai, tieh ta" in cai ; if you do not 
 know, you must say so. ko-jii i a-sl b6 li 
 
 chue pa,t nang cieh ; should he not have any, 
 then go and find some one else from whom yon 
 can boiTow it. i ia ju si ang cio"-.se° cu thi\k 
 m pat ; if he is like that, he will not learn by 
 reading. lu thoi" .si ju h6 ? What do you 
 
 think about it? khong-khong ju la; really 
 
 nothing at all. ju-kiia" si chira kai ; is 
 
 certainly a deep one. i ciang ju ua h6 ? Well, 
 what is he going to do with me about it ? kia" 
 khu me" cS,i, ju tang pue cek ie"; went very 
 fast, as if ho were flying. thia" tieh ju-t^ng 
 loll ho ; sounded like rain. ju ko nUng sd ta 
 kai ue ; as was said by people of ancient times, 
 ju i so hun-hu kai su kia"; do as he said. jA 
 cia ie" cp ; make it like this pattern. ji sa" jil 
 lak ; twice three are the same as six. to jib 
 ju ni ; a day is like a year in passing, bo ju i 
 hd; have nothing to do with him. ju hia" ju 
 ti ; as brethren. 
 
 ju 118 The scurf skin of the bamboo. 
 297 6 tek ju ; bamboo oakum. ju- 
 lu ; a plant used in medicine : its roots dye a 
 red color. 
 
 m 
 
 ju 130 Fat; rich; fertile. 
 1121 8 ko-ju; fertile. ci'-kp k&i 
 
 chang-ti to si ko-ju kai ti ; the fields here- 
 abouts have a rich soil. so ciah to si kp-jii 
 kai hp-bi ; he feeds upon rich dainties. 
 
 » ±|^» ju 140 hiang-ju ; a fungus, used in 
 ItVt 298 14 medicine. 
 
 j;^ j^ 11 The elm. 
 
 '|HS>1123 9 ju-peh-phue; slippery elru 
 
 bark, ti-ju ; St. John's wort. 
 
 ^tt^ 3*^ 1^ -^^ edict ; an order ; to in- 
 \im 1129 9 struct. 
 
 huang-ti kai ju ci ; the emperor's expressed 
 will. u siang ju kau ; an edict has arrived, 
 
 thak sia" ju ; read the sacred edict. ka-ju ; a 
 district superintendent of instruction. chut 
 kp-si hio-jii peh-se° ; issue a proclamation to 
 inform the people. li ju si k\m ; to explain 
 
 reasonably but to forbid with decision. ju i 
 kai hie"-li kai cia"-nang lau-toa lai ta" tie ; or- 
 der the head men of the village to come and 
 talk it over, kua" min ju i cie-"se" cp; ordered 
 him to do this before the magistrate's face, 
 kak hie" pun ju-thiap ; distributed an order in 
 the villages. chia" kua" ju kong-cia" kai 
 
 hie"-sin chut lai thio-chu ; invite the magis- 
 trate to instruct the honorable among the 
 village gentry to come forth and arbitrate. 
 
208 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 V^t jfi 80 To illustrate ; to compare. 
 
 pVS 1129 9 i mia"-ke pf-ju ; he is expert 
 in illustration, cang ci kla" su pi-ju ; use this 
 as an illustration. siet kai phi-jQ ; make a 
 
 parable. cieh Ifti phi-ju ; use in illustration, 
 pi-ju cek ciah ciin ; it may be compared to 
 & boat. 
 
 rfc/^ ja 145 Affluent; plenteous; to enrich. 
 J fl 1128 7 pii-ju ; superabundance. i 
 ke lai sim st pii-ju ; they have enough and to 
 fipare in that family. ci ke pu-pu ju-ju, c6 
 
 tit lai ; this family is well off, and can afford 
 it. ju kok, pien min ; enrich the state and 
 
 accommodate the people. kuang c6i°, ju &u ; 
 render those who have gone before illustrious, 
 and enrich those who come after. 
 
 :)ia2 1124 
 
 the limit. 
 
 162 To pass over; to pass beyond. 
 9 i^-keng ju hfing; have passed 
 
 — jiiah — 
 
 jfiah 86 Hot. 
 'j\>\ 293 11 jAah cSi ; it is very hot. 
 juah thi"-sl sa°-kh6 tith chiang Qa°; in hot 
 weather the clothing must bo changed fre- 
 quently. iS kua° u juah ; sometimes it is hot, 
 and sometimes it is cold. boi kiia° boi jiiah ; 
 is neither cold nor hot. i hwt kiia", hwt 
 
 juah ; he has chills and fever. kua° lio iu 
 
 jiiah, juah lio iu kua"; he is cold and hot 
 alternately. thi''.si juah ; the weather is hot. 
 ci hue jit-tng-tau jiiah cS,i ; it is now very hot 
 at midday. thdi" tieh t6 Ifli cu hwt jiiah ; 
 
 when he saw it he became filled with ex- 
 citement, juah thi^si miieh-kia" koi sit bi; in 
 hot weather things spoil easily, i kai sin-hun 
 jiiah ; ho is feverish. ciah tieh ni cai jiiah ; 
 
 eating it does not make me warm, jiiah pauh; 
 a cold-sore ; sores on the lips. 
 
 64 
 9 
 
 To work over in the hands; to 
 rub between the two hands : 
 
 I^ 
 
 rtY^ ji'if^^i ^ Pleased with ; gratified by. 
 
 1131 7 i no nang sie juah tieh ; the 
 two are much pleased with each other, m cai 
 i juah tieh i tl-kp ; do not know what it was in 
 liim which suited his taste. hia, jiiah tieh ! 
 
 Well, that is fine ! (said ironically). ia si ci 
 khi le ua jiiah tieh ; if it of this sort, it will 
 not be to my liking. i ka-ki t(5 tok juah ; 
 
 he is pleased with himself and so mistakenly 
 thinks that others are pleased with him. cie"- 
 se" to 111 juah nang li ; that will not please 
 people. 
 
 i^ jue 
 q>K 294 
 
 to fumble. 
 
 jiie chiu; fumble the beard. jiie tng, Boh t<5; 
 griping pain in the bowels. mln-p6 jiie Ho 
 
 khut i la ta; squeeze out the towel and then let 
 it dry. chiu-kun khieh khu jue cheng-khih ; 
 take the handkerchief and rub it clean. tieh 
 khin-khin jiie, iTi-hd jiie phiia ; must rub it 
 lightly, and not rub holes in it. jue kai cua- 
 in ; roll up a lamp-lighter, mai" jiio khah t6a 
 l&k ; do not rub it too hard, jiie i nng ; mako 
 it pliant by rubbing it. jiie i chiii ; rubbed it 
 into fragments. 
 
 ^a jfle 1C7 Piercing; shrewd; resolute. 
 ^TCt 302 7 i k&i ci jue cfii ; ho is very 
 resolute, thie-swn ceng-jQe kai pia°-be ; detail 
 well drilled troops. nang kai jQe-khi m h(S 
 
 tQi ; our ardour must not abate. 
 
 m 
 
 -jtii- 
 
 jui 80 To echo, as in replying; an 
 1052 8 answer, 
 jiii, jiii ; aye, aye ; to be sure. ceng nAng 
 
 16ng-c<5ng jui-jui, hd n&ng ka" keh i ; every one 
 agreed with whatever he proposed, and none 
 dared remonsti-ate with him. hiia" nSng iii i 
 kai si, mih su to si jui-jui, nap-nap ; they all 
 fear his j)ower, and assent to and aquiesce in 
 everything he says. 
 
 mit jiii 61 Only that ; and so ; to consist 
 1^ 1049 8 in; but. 
 
 jui si cie^-se" ua cu m ; that being the way it 
 is, I will have nothing to do with it. jiii-tok 
 Iu cek nang si h(5 ; you are the only one fit for 
 it. jiii si Iu lia cai tia"; you and I are the 
 
 only ones who know. 
 
 jui 120 To ponder. 
 1049 8 cai sa° f-u-jui ; pondered it 
 over and over. khau song, sim jiii ; the mind 
 meditates upon it, while the mouth chants it. 
 Iu h(5 ka-ki pu-jiii ; you think it over within 
 your own mind. 
 
 ^^^ jui 162 To will ; to entail ; to leave, 
 U^ 277 12 as at death, 
 lim si kai jui cok ; last will and testament. si 
 k6 nang kai jui ka; it is the instruction be- 
 queathed to us from the ancients. si soi" c6 
 kai jiii ngftn ; those were the dying words of 
 his ancestor, i a-pe jui-meng cang ci koi" ph6 
 pun ci kai kia"; his father left orders that this 
 shop be given to this son. cia si tang soi° jiii 
 
DICTIONAUY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 209 
 
 loh lai kal ; this was handed down from former 
 times. jui sit mueh-kia"; articles left behind 
 and lost. jui chun jieh coi cu-cheh pun 
 
 kia"-sun-hue thak ; left many books for his 
 descendants to study. tSi-huam kia"-sun to hd 
 ta"-co si c6-pe kai jui thoi ; all the descendants 
 may say that they are the relicts of their 
 ancestor. soi" nang kai jui huap ; the rules 
 
 bequeathed by those gone before. khau jui 
 
 chai ; examine the scholars who entered once 
 but did not pass, jui pak kia"; a posthumous 
 Bon. CO jui kai mueh-ngiap; property inherited 
 from ancestors. toa''-toa° jfii-chun ci kfi,i kia"; 
 left only this son. 
 
 — jun — 
 
 % ^N jlin 10 To assent ; to permit. 
 y/W 1143 "2 M f-keng jun-nap kue ua ; 
 you have already granted it to me. i u in-jun 
 a bo ? Has he given his consent or not ? 
 
 m 
 
 jiin 85 To fatten ; to moisten ; to 
 
 302 12 bedew. 
 cU-jun ; to enrich ; to bedew. cheng sira, 
 
 jun hui ; cleanse the humors and enrich the 
 blood. eng ciii khu jun i ; take v?ater and 
 
 moisten it. min ctah lai hong-jun cSi ; his 
 
 face has become very florid. i kai sek sira si 
 jun-cek ; its color is very fresh. u lo ciii lai 
 CU-jun i, i koi toa ; if the dew moistens it, it 
 will grow quickly. 
 
 m 
 
 jun 130 Tough. 
 
 288 3 ang gu-phue hie° jun ; as 
 tough as cowhide. nek jun cJli, pu lai bue 
 
 mi"; the meat is very tough, and cooking has 
 not made it soft, kun h\vn-lio jun ; the sinews 
 are still tough. 
 
 Bn jun 169 The intercalary month. 
 1^^ 302 4 jun gueli ; the intercalary 
 month. me" ni si jun sa" gueh a si jun si 
 
 gueh ? Is it the third month or the fourth, 
 that occurs twice next year ? sa° ni cek jun ; 
 there is an intercalary month once in three 
 years. ngo ni cai jun ; these five years have 
 two intercalary months. 
 
 — j^ — 
 
 ju 162 Near; at hand; proximate. 
 
 721 14 len ji^ thwn mia"; celebrated 
 
 far and near. hia ju kui sim ; in remote and 
 in neighboring places, all hearts turn to him. 
 kue ni to ju ; the end of the year is at hand. 
 
 ^}^ J " — ^'^ daub ; to befoul ; to defile. 
 "lyQ 686 T chfu-ng ju kku nah-sap; have 
 daubed your sleeve so that it is dirty. c§k 
 
 koi" ju kau nah-ti, nah-sap ; the whole place is 
 daubed with dirt. mai" ju tieh i ; do not get 
 daubed by it. ju tieh iu ; daubed with paint, 
 chiu mai" ju tieh bak ; do not get ink on your 
 hands, kha ju tieh th6-kau-mue ; his feet ai*e 
 daubed with soft mud. 
 
 "RT jti 128 The organ of hearing. 
 
 ** r 720 si chio-theng kai jii mS,k 
 kua"; is an official who acts as eyes and ears to 
 the ruler. eng i t(5 cp ju mak ; use him for 
 ears and eyes. hin-khek kai kua"-hu ju m^k 
 kun cai; the present magistrate is very sharp 
 eyed and quick eared, ju mak khuah ; a wide 
 range for seeing and hearing. 
 
 ■fc^ft j^ 64 To spread out thin, as oint- 
 J^ft 864 19 ment on a plaister. 
 ju cau-c&u ; spread it of uniform thickness, 
 ko mai" ju khah khuah ; do not spread the 
 paste over too large a space. ko-ieh ju poh- 
 poh ; spi'ead the ointment very thin. 
 
 Ifo 
 
 ju 126 Yet ; then ; a particle con- 
 719 firming or ending off. 
 ju i"; that is all. put kue cie°-se" ju T; only 
 this and nothing more. siang 6i si cie^-se" j4 
 i^-i"; the utmost that I can do is this. ju- 
 
 chia"; furthermore. i ju-chia" m pat ji ; more- 
 over, he does not understand letters. chong 
 hu-ko ju khu ; had been along there, ci ku ue 
 chong ho ju lai ? Whence came this phrase ? 
 Id chong ho ju cai ? How then have you become 
 aware of this ? chong ho ju 6i ? Whence 
 
 then came the power ? chong ho ju pat ? 
 
 How could he have known ? 
 
 -^1 jA ^ In disorder ; out of place ; in 
 pyL 570 12 confusion. 
 
 thau-mo" ju-ju ; hair unkempt, ti-hng ju ; the 
 place is in disorder. pi" ju, khu siu tit; your 
 cue is all in a tangle, go and comb it. i td iA 
 ta"; he is talking wildly. ham i mai" ju cp ; 
 tell him not to act disorderly. mai" much jA ; 
 do not disarrange it. si khut i 16ng-ju ; it has 
 been disarranged by his meddling with it. sim 
 jn ; the mind disturbed. cp-ni pang i td jii ? 
 Why have you let it get into a tangle ? sua' 
 ju-ju ; the thread is all in a tangle. i kai ke 
 lai ju-ju chah-chah ; her house is all in confu- 
 sion. pua"-ua" pai kau ju-ju ; the dishes are 
 laid in a disorderly manner. bp ihku. bd sii, 
 ju-ju ; no clue to it in the midst of the tangle. 
 
210 
 
 DICTIONABY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 W.V 631 12 pui-ju ; nutritioas. bQe h(5 
 ciah pui-ju ; should not yet eat rich food, eng 
 khie" pui-ju a mien ? Is it necessary to abstain 
 from rich food ? bd pui b6 jQ ciah cp-ni Ci nl 
 h(5 chi a.-n6" ? With nothing nutritious to eat 
 how can I have milk wherewith to nourish 
 the baby ? 
 
 '—^\ jQ 89 A style, title, or name, taken 
 ~J 1032 3 by educated people at about 
 fifteen years of age, or at marriage. It was 
 anciently taken at twenty. i kai jQ si sitn 
 
 raueh ? What is his designation ? cun jfl bQe 
 c§ng chia" ka; I have not yet inquired your 
 honorable title, i ceng cp u jQ a bue ? Has he 
 yet taken his style ? ci kai ju si i tOa n&ng cp 
 kS.i ; this name is given him by the elders of 
 his family. 
 
 ""^ ju 154 A substitute ; a second. 
 
 * 721 5 put jfl ke ; no two prices. i 
 chwn bo ju sim ; he has no two minds about it. 
 put ju sim ; not double minded. 
 
 — jwn — 
 
 1^^ jwn 120 To compile ; to edit. 
 '^^ 1026 13 cfa si sin jwn kai cu ; this is 
 a new edition. ci pang cu sng si gu jwn k&i ; 
 this set of books is probably an imperial edi- 
 tion, jwn lio cip cp cek png ; collate, and then 
 compile in one volume, chiu jwn kui cheh ; a 
 book made by hand ; a home-made book. ka- 
 kl jwn kai ; compiled it myself. jwn siu ; to 
 revise. 
 
 fi jwn ^ Without method; at random; 
 l<_570^ 12 heedlessly. 
 i ka" jvvn cp ; he dare act without regard to 
 other people's rights or feelings. jvvn cp ; sit 
 in a slouching attitude. jvvn si'a ; write it 
 
 almost any way. hue ceng tia" tieh, i jvvn 
 
 ji'ang ; before he was touched he bawled out. 
 piig m hd jvvn ciah ; rice should not be eaten 
 •without regard to rule. ue m hp jvvn ta°; 
 
 words should not be spoken at random. liah 
 lio jvvn phah ; seized and beat him letting the 
 the blows fall wherever they might. 
 
 X^ll jw-n 9 However ; whatever; in what- 
 I-** 289 4 ever way. 
 
 jwn thoi", thoi" m ki"; whatever effort I make in 
 looking, I cannot see it. jwn sie", sie° m chut; 
 however much I cogitate, I cannnot think it 
 out. jwn eng, eng in lio; however freely you 
 use it, you cannot use it all up. jwn ieh m 
 tieh; can't guess it any way. jwn ta°, m thia"; 
 whatever I say he pays no heed to it. 
 
 iTL 1131 7 
 
 jvvn 9 Whichever way you please ; 
 
 t)88 7 suit yourself ; either will do; 
 when you like. sui-jwn cp to lip ; almost any 
 way will do. n6 sa° tio lo cek ie°, lu sui-jwa 
 kla°; the roads are all alike, take whichever 
 you please. i sieh i, siii-jwn ta° i to tliia"; ho 
 is fond of her, and heeds whatever she says. 
 
 — jwt — 
 
 Gratified ; contented; delight- 
 ed ; to please, 
 i kai sim hi-jwt ; he is delighted. to lai put- 
 jwt; displeased in his heart. i thia" tieh 
 
 rTi-jwt ; when he heard it he was displeased, 
 khd-i" jwt mak ; rather pleasing to the eye. 
 th<5i° tieh jwt niing kui mak ; the sight of it 
 gladdens the eye. 
 
 — ka — 
 
 ka 18 To cut with shears. 
 
 978 9 ka p6 ; cut cloth. ka sa°- 
 
 kho; to cut out clothing, cek ki ka-tp ; a pair 
 of shears. ka-tp kia"; scissors. ka sin ang- 
 kia"; cut out a paper doll, ka hue ; to cut out 
 flowers. ka cio ; cut out figures of birds, 
 
 ka cdi- coi ; cut them evenly, i bp mih 6i sai 
 ka-tp ; she is not very handy with the shears. 
 
 ka 180 Glue; glatinoas jelly; viscid; 
 
 3G8 11 cohering, 
 gu phue ka ; glue made from cowhide. hfi 
 
 ka ; glue made from fish. kim-leng ka; glue 
 made from the sea-bass, a-ka; a medical glue, 
 made by boiling ass-skin seven days in the 
 water of the glue well of Shantung. ku ka, 
 tek ka ; medical glues, made from tortoise 
 shells and from deer's horns. iig-meng ka ; 
 
 clarified glue. ka-mi ; a cement used in 
 
 joiner's work. un ka ; fasten with glue. ka 
 un m tue ; the glue does not stick. cia tieh 
 
 6ng .sim-mih ka cia° hp lin ? What sort of glue 
 must be used in order to make this adhere ? 
 ie" ka; to melt glue. khph ka ; prepare glue, 
 ka-liam ; sticky. eng kai bp ka-liam ; wholly 
 destitute of tenacity. jii ka, su chak ; like 
 
 glue and varnish ; very adhesive. pu kau ne 
 ka-ka ; cook it to a jelly. ka chak siang tau ; 
 sticking like glue and varnish. ci kai ka 
 
 hwn chun cu lut khu ; this glue will not hold 
 through a change of seasons. 
 
 ^^ ka 130 ka-ciah ; the back. 
 ^5 609 5 tiie i kai ka-ciah 5u; followed 
 on behind him. ka-ciah kut ; the back bone, 
 tng min kaug i ta", mai" phiah ka-ciah 2,u ta"; 
 tell it to him to his face, and not tell it of him 
 behind his back. 
 
DTCTIONAUT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 211 
 
 ka 30 ka-saa ; to cough. 
 
 429 ^ ka-sau pe"; a cough. oi ka- 
 Bau; coughs. tl ka-sau kai leh ; congh medi- 
 cine, ka-sau khu thi'am cS,i ; coughs violently. 
 ca me" ka-sau cek me°; coughed all last night, 
 ka-saa khu u tham a bo ? Do you raise phlegm 
 when you cough ? 
 
 ka-chng The rump. 
 
 681 phah ka-chng ; to spank. 
 
 ka-sut A clamp ; a staple. 
 372 ka-sut khak soi, m-hp 
 so ; the 'staple is too small and it cannot be 
 locked. 
 
 Bi 
 
 ka-ki Self. 
 
 1031 ua ka-ki tl ; I myself have 
 Bome. lu ka-ki khu khieh ; go yourself and get 
 it. i ka-ki kio lia ta"; he told me so himself, 
 ka-ki p-lp ka-ki ; praises himself, ka-ki sph cp 
 ho ; he himself mistakenly supposed it v?as 
 well. eng lu ka-kl ktii hp ; use your own. 
 
 i ka-ki m cai sio-li ; he is not ashamed of him- 
 self, i si ka-ki hai ka-ki ; he injures himself. 
 
 m 
 
 i3^ 
 
 ka-cau A flea. 
 _ _ 953 ka-cau thio cau khu; the 
 
 flea jumped away. hu toi u kai ka-cau to 
 
 ka kai ie"; it seems as if there were a flea bit- 
 ing me. ka-cau bp niSa" liah m tieh ; without 
 spittle fleas cannot be caught. 
 
 ka-thi A sneeze. 
 880 phah ka-thi ; to sneeze, 
 cek lien phah ku-a kai ka-thi ; sneezed several 
 times in succession. 
 
 ka-nng The whole, entire, round, 
 267 said of fruits and roun- 
 dish objects. ka-nng kai ; a whole one. ka- 
 nng thun loh khu, min po ; swallow it whole, 
 and do not chew it. khut i lin cho cu ka-nng 
 thun loh khu ; he dipped it in vinegar and then 
 Bwallowed it whole. ka-nng kp khut i pu, 
 
 mai" coih ; boil it whole, do not slice it up. 
 ka-nng kai lai ka c\a° u. bi ; bite into a whole 
 one and then it will show its flavour. ka-nng 
 liap loh khu, mai° peh chui ; put it in whole, 
 do not break it in pieces. 
 
 t>r> ka 120 To twist with a windlass ; to 
 369 6 turn, as by a windlass ; to 
 twist ; to wrench. ka i kin ; twist it tight. 
 
 ce ka khah toa lak cu tng ; if you wrench it 
 too forcibly, it will break. i kai sph ka lai lo 
 hd ; his ropes are well made, sa" tio ka cp cek 
 tio ; twist the three strands into one. ka cia ; 
 
 ka thiig; to press the juice out of sugar cane. 
 chfu tui i kai pi° ka kfn-kfn ; took hold of his 
 queue and wrenched it tight. ka huam ; a 
 
 criminal who is to be strangled. ka cue ; an 
 offense which merits strangling as a punish- 
 ment. 
 
 ka 64 To look for ; to seek. 
 ^ ^ 34 T mua°-ti-kp ka-chiie i ; sought 
 him everywhere, ka kau e-kiaa cia" chue tieh ; 
 looked for it until afternoon, and then found it. 
 ka thang-jit, ka m tieh i kai nang; searched for 
 him throughout the day, but could not find him. 
 
 ■fc^i ka 64 To stir around with an im- 
 X^L 371 20 plement. 
 
 hp ka kau c^u-cau ; stir it till the ingredients 
 are evenly mixed, tieh cang sim-mueh lai ka? 
 What shall I take to stir it with ? thng tieh 
 ka i ie"; stir the sugar till it melts. ka long- 
 long cu chueh loh khu ; stir it up so that the 
 ingredients are evenly mixed, and then sup it 
 down. cang ki tu ka thiara-thiam ; take a 
 
 chopstick and stir it very hard. 
 
 •Jj^ii ka 75 To revise ; to try the accu- 
 TX 373 T racyof.^ 
 
 khau-ka; to adjust. koi-ka ; to revise. ka 
 cVd° kue kai ; what has already been corrected, 
 khut nang tit-cp tieh rli kio i koi-ka; when 
 wronged he did not seek redress. ka-ae ; an 
 officer of the city gates. 
 
 ka 159 To measure strength ; to 
 372 6 compare; to try the worth of. 
 ka Clin ; test the accm-acy. pi'-ka ; to argue 
 
 the point, ci no nang lai pi'-ka, si ci kai nang 
 jii keng 6i ; comparing the two persons, this 
 one is the more able. ka thoi" ciin a rri cun ; 
 compare and see whether it agrees with the 
 measure. 
 
 A creek, canal, or small 
 channel, servicable at high 
 
 ^^ ka 85 
 i@ 372 10 
 
 tides. 
 
 cia cun oi jip ka a boi ? Can this boat go into 
 the creek ? ka teng kai ciii chien, tieh pph 
 soi cun cia° oi tit jip ; the water in the creek is 
 shallow, and we must transfer our cargo to a 
 small boat so that we can go in. 
 
 ^^ ka 66 To teach ; to show how ; 
 ■"jyv 372 7 tenets ; a sect ; a part, 
 ka-hue ; to instruct, ka-hun ; to indoctrinate, 
 ka si ; to enlighten ; to show how. ka ue ; to 
 instruct in a language, ka cu; to teach school, 
 ka sia ji ; to teach penmanship, ka ue much ; 
 teach drawing, ka bii ; teach military tactics. 
 
212 
 
 DICTlONARr OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 ka keng-ci"; teach archery. kk khun ; teach 
 boxing, ka ke-hue ; teach fencing, kk 16 ko ; 
 teacli drumming, ka khek ; teach the singing 
 of ballads. kii lii° ku; teach how to play on 
 stringed instruments. ka hi ; teach how to 
 perform in a theatre. i kai ka lai m slen 
 
 huap; this is not taught in the best way. ka 
 tQ-li ; instruct in doctrine. cang pfig chl toa, 
 cang chue ka giiu ; make him grow by feeding 
 him with rice, and make him wise by using 
 the ferule on him. lu kai toa mia" ua bQe cSng 
 chiV ka ; I have not yet asked your name. 
 6i° si lAi ci kk ce ; when you have leisure come 
 here and discourse. i kh nftiig tfti-khai 
 
 bI kk n^ng cp-ni ? In a general way, what 
 is it that he teaches people to believe in ? hut 
 ka; sek ka; Buddhism. tfiu kajTaouisra. 
 hiie-hueka; Mohammedanism. juka; Con- 
 fuciani.sm. thien-cu ka; Roman Catholicism, 
 la-so ka; Protestant Christianity, thwn kakdi 
 Bin-se"; a teacher who promulgates doctrines, 
 cfa si ka-fu hue ; this is one of their disciples. 
 cicek ui si ka-su; this is a learned teacher in 
 that religion, hd c6k ui si gua kok k&i ka-sii ; 
 that is a foreign missionary, ka cu k&i cu-ce ; 
 a schoolroom. tOk chut kh gua ; to expel from 
 a sect or party. ci kai si sin lai jlp ka kfti ; 
 
 this is one who has lately entered the sect, 
 kii-hiie xi jieh coi k3,i ? How many sepamt* 
 organizations are there of that sect P ka-tng ; 
 a chapel. ka iSi vi jleh coi n&ng ? How many 
 members are there in the sect ? cfa si cia" ka 
 m si sia ka; this is moral, not immoral teaching, 
 to si ai° ka nftng h<5, b6 ka niing m-h<5 ; its aim 
 is to teach people to do well, not to teach them 
 to do evil. i ka cek kiie cu pat, chong-meng 
 c5i ; if he is once shown how he knows, he is 
 very intelligent, ci kai jwn ka, ka m pat, sira 
 bI lu-tfin ; this one, however much you teach 
 him, does not learn, he is exceedingly stupid. 
 \Sa si ka lu, ih si me° 1^, lu mai" khi ; I am 
 teaching you, not scolding you, so do not be 
 displeased. tt jieh coi ka-miig ? How many 
 
 adherents have they ? ti-tiang t<5 cu ci kai 
 
 ka ? Who is the head man of this sect ? chia" 
 i lai ka cu-i"; invite him to come and teach in 
 the college. cf kai sai-kia" ka chut lai ciang- 
 lai u mia"-sek ; this apprentice will make a 
 reputation for himself when he shall have been 
 throuofh his course of instruction. 
 
 ^\ ki 80 To bite ; to gnaw. 
 
 1077 6 ka cek chiii ; bite off a mouth- 
 ful, ci ciah kau 6i ka nang a hoi ? Is this 
 dog apt to bite ? mai" khut i kS tieh ; don't 
 let him bite you. khak toi", ka m loh ; it is 
 so hard I can't bite into it. khah juu, ka m 
 
 tag; it is so tough that I cannot bite it in two. 
 ka CO u5 k6 ; bite it apart. i k&i khf ka ki'a- 
 kin, tieh kxo khui ; his teeth are clenched, and 
 we must pry them apart. ka-gS chiet-chi ; 
 
 gnash the teeth. tng kua" min c6i° khu ka i ; 
 right there before the face of the magistrate, 
 wrongly involved him in the crime. 
 
 m 
 
 — ka" — 
 
 ka" 76 Oranges. 
 
 311 6 c€k liap ka"j an orange. Boh 
 ka"; the coolie orange. cie ka"; an orange 
 
 with a thin loose peel. phong-thang ka"; a 
 
 large sweet orange with a loose porous peel, 
 blt-thang ka"; a small sweet orange. ka' 
 
 phiie mki" tak-niig, khieh khu 16 ; do not waste 
 the orange peel, take it and pickle it. ci 
 k&i ka" kio iia phoi ; pare this orange for me. 
 pell kai ka" lai ciah; pick an orange apart and 
 eat it. ka"-hng; an orange garden, tiah ka"; 
 gather the oranges. k6 k&i nftng cwn id liah 
 tlo ka"-th&ng ; hire a man especially for picking 
 the caterpillars off the orange trees. cia mna' 
 si ka°-kfa"; these are dwarf oranges. cfa ka 
 khah che", bue sek ; these oranges are too green, 
 they are not yet ripe. cia kit si ciap ka" kki, 
 c\a" &i tiam ; there limes are grafted on an 
 orange and that is what makes them sweet. 
 
 ka"-na The olive. 
 'Cd m/S 312 cek c&ng ka"-nA chla ; 
 an olive tree. k^m cf'k liap ka"-na t6 chiii } 
 
 holding an olive in her mouth. nin hie"-W 
 
 ceng ii jieh c6i ka"-na? In your village how 
 many olives have been planted ? cie" ci" ka°- 
 na, 16h ci" kie"; a thing that rises in price by 
 being kept, as do olives, or one that diminishes 
 in price, as does ginger. ka"-na kiieh bo ; a 
 cap shaped like half an olive. 
 
 m 
 
 ka" 66 To dare ; to venture on ; 
 
 312 8 presuming, 
 m ka" tng ; dare not undertake it. lia m ka" 
 cie".se"; I dare not do thus. i co-ni ka" hie", 
 se" ? How dare he do thus ? lu e tng ka" mg ? 
 Are you ever going to do so any more ? i ka" 
 CO, ka" ui ; he dare do anything. ci kai nang 
 ka" se" ka" si ; this man is wholly fearless. ci 
 ksli Qe si i c\a" ka" ta"; this sort of talk only 
 he dare indulge in. i io ka" ta", io nge tit ; he 
 is bold in speech, and resolute in action, n&ng 
 ce m t6 i cu ka" sng ; as soon as one is gone, he 
 sets himself boldly to playing. kua"-ka"; 
 
 decided, iong-ka"; valiant, khi ka", khf ka"; 
 how dare I do so ; I ought not to receive such 
 an honor. hia, i c\a" m ka", a ! Would not 
 
 dare to do it, would be ! i c6 Iki in cu m 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DULECT. 
 
 213 
 
 ka°; as soon as he comes they will desist, cfa 
 n&iig tli6 ka,° ciah ka" ta"; this man dare do 
 any sort of thing. U;i cp ka" ? via cKi tit ka" ? 
 How dare I ? bo nang ka"; none dare do it. 
 lu ka" ciali me? Will you venture to eat it ? 
 lu ka" thia" ua cu ho ; if you will venture to 
 follow my advice, all will be well. tTi kti", m 
 ka"; dare not presume to do so. ka"-ka" ne ; 
 walk up to boldly. 
 
 ka" 164 Leaven ; yeast. 
 
 372 7 kliu boi cfu-pi'a" lai co ka"- 
 bp ; go and buy some cakes made from malfc 
 and make some yeast. khieh lai hwt ka"; 
 
 bring them for starting the yeast. ci'a si 
 
 phu ka" kai ; these are raised with yeast. lu 
 thoi" ka" phu a btie ; you look and see if the 
 yeast is light yet. ci kai mi khah kiie ka"; 
 
 this flour has too much yeast in it. ka" kiie ; 
 leavened cakes, cooked by steaming. phu 
 
 ka", phu kau ngau-ngau ; raise them with 
 yeast, till they are very puffy. ka"-cui m cok, 
 phu lai ill pha"; there is not enough yeast in 
 them, and they are not raised so as to be 
 spongy. phu khi lai khak toi", boi pha": 
 
 ka'^-bp khah cie ; tliey are too heavy, and 
 not at all porous : there is too little yeast in 
 them. 
 
 ka" 80 To carry in the mouth. 
 
 199 8 kheh-cfo ka" cha; at right 
 angles, as a magpie carries a stick. o-a ka" 
 chiu-ki khu cph tau ; the crow is carrying 
 twigs to build a nest. sek ki chue, khut kau 
 ka" i tng-lai ; throw a stick and let the dog 
 bring it back. i"-cfo si ka" th6 khu cph tau ; 
 the swallow is carrying mud for her nest. 
 
 — kah — 
 
 PR kah 102 Armor ; a bard or scaly 
 I 355 1 covering; the first of the ten 
 stems ; a set of ten. 
 
 cng-kah ; finger nails. kha-kah ; toe nails, 
 
 cheng cien-kah ; wears armor, thih knli ; iron 
 shields, lah-li kah; the scales of the pangolin, 
 lien hwn kah be; a connected file of armored 
 horses. pp kah kai su tieh jiu-cin kia" cia" 
 hp ; the tithing must be done honestly and 
 correctly. kah-tie" si kwn cap ke kai thau- 
 
 nang ; the chief of a tithing is the head man of 
 ten households. i si khue kah chut sin ; he is 
 a graduate who has earned, not bought, his 
 degree. kah it si sok bak ; the first and 
 
 second of the ten stems, pertain to wood, cek 
 kah lia"; a set of ten rice bowls. boi no kah 
 toa Ua"; buy two sets of large bowls. 
 
 m 
 
 vttt kah 162 Even ; still ; together; with j 
 3-£ 632 7 also, 
 kah su to m If; does not even attend to business, 
 kah khwn to bo; has not even a sample of it. 
 kah lia <p rii-iii ; does not fear even me. kah 
 me"-kua to lai ; comes even in the night. 
 
 m 
 
 kah 130 The part under and between 
 356 6 the shoulder-blades. 
 koi"-kah ; the shoulder-blades. ciiang tleh i 
 kai koi"-kah ; hit him on the shoulder-blade. 
 
 j.^_ kah 159 To contend. 
 
 1?^ 372 6 kah-tle"; a parade ground, 
 or area where troops are reviewed, iSi kah- 
 tle", gua kah-tie"; inner and outer parade 
 grounds. sa" jit 5u ai° chut kah-tie"; after 
 
 three days there will be a review of troops. 
 
 ^^V ^^^ ^ To fit ; to match ; in unison ; 
 
 I — I 217 3 to correspond, 
 ci ki yp-si kio i k&i gd-thau sie kah ; this key 
 fits his lock. kah i kai sin ; fits him. ka Ifti 
 kah sin ; it is cut to fit. ne kah-kah ; just 
 
 exactly enough, neither too much nor too little, 
 soi" lai kah-tau thoi" hd me ; first try it and 
 see if it fits when inserted. cia ke-hiie khut 
 i tu-tii kah eng ; this tool is just exactly ad- 
 apted to his use. 
 
 ^^ kah 140 To wrap up in ; to cover up. 
 yfTl.^ 307 10 kah phue ; to wrap up in a 
 coverlet. i kah phue, kah kau sie-sie ; he 
 
 is rolled up snugly in his coverlet. khieh 
 
 ke nia phue lai kah ; get another coverlet to 
 put over him. thi"-si lo juah kah pin to cU 
 
 hp ; the weather is rather hot, and if you cover 
 the middle of the body that is enough. raai" 
 kah kah mi"; do not wrap up too closely, 
 kah h'o cu hip tieh ; being wrapped up, was 
 oppressed by heat. me"-si chin, a-si bo phtle 
 kah, tieh khut i kua" si ; the nights are cold 
 and without a coverlet to wrap up in one 
 would be frozen to death. khieh kai hiu" 
 
 chd-liak kah ce cu hp ; take a winter jacket 
 and cover up slightly and that will do. i k&i 
 kha kah boi sie ; her feet are not warmed by 
 wrapping them up. 
 
 '^t kah 30 A distributive adjective; 
 
 t~| 426 ^ each, separate, apai't. 
 kah nang kah nang tng khu i chu ; each re- 
 turned to his own house, kah nang kah nang 
 kai kien-sek; each has his own experience. 
 
2U 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 kah 134 And ; together with. 
 > 1125 8" 16 kah lia fo-pu lai kliA; 
 you go along with me. lu kali ua iii tang 
 
 kok ; you and I are not of the satno country. 
 i kah i k&i a-pe co-pu t6 ; he and his father 
 are together. lia kah i bI tang se"; I am of 
 
 the same surname as he. c{ le" kah hu Ie°, tl 
 Ie° ho? Of this sort and that, which is the 
 better ? ci kai kah h\l kai co cgk-6 khieh khi; 
 take this and that together in one lot. hd 
 
 kah Tii-hp ; good and bad, taken together. k[* 
 b6i ci kia° kah hu kia°; wishes to buy both 
 this sort and that sort. 
 
 JPlr^ kah 178 The sound of a ranltiindo 
 .'$—% 8 7 of voices. 
 kuh-kuh-klSn ; the sound of many babbling 
 tongues. nfliig-sia° kah-k/ih-kuii, thia" m hln; 
 there was the sound of many voices, and I did 
 not hear distinctly. 
 
 — kai — 
 
 149 
 6 
 
 What ought to be ; fit ; jaat ; 
 deserving ; necessary ; con- 
 
 ^^ kai 
 &K 306 
 
 venient. 
 
 b1 i kai kwn kai ; it is what pertains to his 
 functions. lia png kai tieh lai, hd nfti h6 tOa; 
 I shall have to come anyway, notwithstanding 
 the rain. cie''-se° si eng-kai, a m eng-kai r 
 
 Is that what ho ought to do or not ? iS eng- 
 kai cie''-so'' ih"] you should say thus. i cio"- 
 se" si kai si; he is then deserving of death, 
 kai khiam jieh coi ? How much does he justly 
 owe? Ble"-siu-hue, in kai cie°-se" cp; thought 
 with regret that he ought not to have done 
 thus. i kham-kai sue ; he deserves ill luck. 
 bI png eng-kai kai ; it is what he ought justly 
 to do. kham-kai tit tieh ; worthy to receive 
 it. i xh kham-kai cle°-se"; he is not deserving 
 of it. ua kai hai° jieh coi ? How much ought 
 I to pay ? i kai mia" kai jii chu ; his fate is 
 just, i kham-kai cie^-se" si; he deserves death. 
 
 Phh kai 154 To present. 
 
 X;^ 306 6 i kai ue ta" khA kai-kwt; 
 
 what he said involves several meanings. c§k 
 ku lie cu kai-kwt ; one sentence contains it all. 
 ci kai jl kai-kwt ci kui kai \-su ; this letter 
 contains these several references. 
 
 ' Jffu i kai 106 All; alike; the whole of them. 
 p- 1 358 4 nang-naiig kai cai ; they all 
 know. kai tang cek thoi ; we are all of the 
 same i*ank. ku kai cSk ie°; all are alike, ceng 
 DSng kai tai hua°.hi; all are equally pleased. 
 
 kai 104 An intermittent or tertian 
 -» 359 6 ague. i kai ngiak si kai- 
 nglak J his ague is tertian. 
 
 kai 44 The set time ; a limit ; to 
 3G1 5 arrive at a time or place, 
 kai-khi ; a set time. tui kai ; at the time ; a 
 period recurring every twelve years, when the 
 books are open at the yainun for the recording 
 of the names of persons who have transferred 
 land paying taxes to government. kin-n! 
 
 tui kai ; this is the year for having sales of 
 taxable land entered in the recorder's office, 
 lin kfii kai-cheh i"-keng kuah cheng-clid, niu 
 cp-ni hwn-Ho lai chQe nie ? Our record of the 
 transfer of the land is already entered in the 
 recorder's office, so why do you still come to us 
 to collect the taxes? kin-ni tiii kai-khi, n4n 
 ktli n!e tieh cai lai sin kuah chong-chp ; this 
 is the year when the recorder opens his books 
 and we must see to it that the sale of the field 
 which renders its owner responsible for the 
 tax npon it, is recorded. 
 
 J^ 
 
 kki 62 To abstain ; to refrain from ; 
 
 360 8 to watch against; to warn, 
 khi khau ; to diet. chiet-chiet tieh kai i ci 
 
 cuangsu; it is of the utmost importance that 
 he be warned against this. ci tie" si kai huu 
 k&i leh-hng; this sheet is a prescription for the 
 breaking off from opium. i i"-keng kai-tng 
 bun in ; he has already broken off from his 
 opium habit. ciah ce, khi suah ; to fast and 
 avoid the destruction of animal life, chut kki 
 tio; i.ssue prohibitory rules. kau-kai kia°-tl ; 
 caution the children. kai ciah ; abstain from 
 food ; to live sparingly, kai ciu ; abstain from 
 wine, khi ca td ; abstain from t«a in the early 
 part of the day. h<5 keng-kai Su n^ng ; deter 
 tiiose who come after. kai im ; refrain from 
 vice. siu kai ; take orders as a priest or 
 
 nun. kai ci ; a finger ring, hinting the neces- 
 sity of restraining anger. kai to ; to forbid 
 gambling. 
 
 A^ kai 140 Covered ; to roof in ; to 
 tnl. 3U7 10 cover over, 
 kai-au ; a covered cup. khieh kki-an kua 
 
 khu kham kai-au ; take the cover and cover 
 the covered cup. kai-au kha ; a stand for a 
 
 covered cup. kai-kien psing-ok ; to build 
 
 houses. i ci kla° su, cia-kai m mi"; as to his 
 affair, he did not keep it concealed. kai-ua"; 
 a covered bowl. co kau kai-si cfti ; made very 
 secluded. ci kai nang kai-.si ho ; this man is 
 a good protection. i kai pu si kai ci cek hie"; 
 his wealth overtops all in this village. i kai 
 pu si kai cek hii ; his wealth has no parallel in 
 this Department. lip kai kai-pang min cie"; 
 put the best ones on top. thong hwn pp-kki ; 
 a canopy. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATQW DIALECT. 
 
 215 
 
 //\. kai 9 One who assists ; a waiter. 
 'jJI 3G0 4 th6i''-liehcu si lii-i)e"-teng kai 
 a-seng-kai ; he appears to be a clown in a 
 theatre. se''-lai kio kai a-seng-kai cgk ie"; he 
 naturally looks like a clown. 
 
 i^ kai 32 Dust. 
 ^^ 1 14 i ciu-jit to SI Qn tho, nua kai, 
 ho kai mai° i cheng ; he is wallowing in the 
 dirt all day long, so do not dress him in any- 
 thine: that is nice. 
 
 kai 142 A red spotted lizard. 
 
 361 ~4~ kap-kai ; a lizard w^iich is 
 used in medicine, khu boi cek tui kap-kai Itii 
 kap ieh ; go and buy a couple of lizards to 
 compound into medicines. toa"-toa" eng kap- 
 kai biie li jii-keng u klii-lak ; if only the tails 
 of the lizards are used there is much more 
 power in the medicine. 
 
 "rgS kai 181 The top of the head. 
 
 IIIL/\ 309 14 thien-leng-kai ; the fontanel. 
 
 phah-phiia i k^i thien-l^ng-kai ; broke his head. 
 
 ^ 
 
 >^ kai 140 The mustard plant. 
 yl 360 ~4" cek liapkki-ci; mustard seed, 
 pell kai-ci; kai-chaici; white mustard seed, 
 kai-luah ; prepared mustard. lu ai" pvvn kai- 
 luah, a si ai" pwn sa"-cham-cie'' ? Will you take 
 mustard, or mixed condiments? 
 
 kai 102 A frontier ; li?uit ; boundary. 
 
 361 ~4~ ti-kai ; boundary of lands, 
 teng ti-kai ; set a boundary, pin ci-ko ui kai ; 
 run the boundary line along here, cieh kai ; a 
 stone landmark. kau-kai kai ti-hng ; adjoin- 
 ing land. kio i sie kiam-kai ; have the same 
 line of boundary as he. cie"-se° u kai kai 
 
 hSng; thus there is a fixed limit. si-kai ; the 
 world, kaichieh; a foot rule. 
 
 IJ-^ kai 1 A mendicant ; to ask alms. 
 
 • J 307 3 i khu CO khut-kai ; he has be- 
 come a beggar. u cek kai kliut-kai lai th(5 
 ciah ; a beggar came to ask for something to 
 eat. tong kau khu co khut-kai ; lazy enough 
 to be brought to beggary. 
 
 \JS kai 53 Rooms in a yamun. 
 
 360 13 tang kong-kai, sai kong-kai ; 
 eastern or western public rooms in a yamun. 
 
 X^ kai 9 To border on ; conterminous. 
 >/| 360 2 m kai-i ; bear no grudge, 
 lia chwn b6 kai-i cia su ; I have not laid up 
 any grudge in this affair. i siang teng kai-i ; 
 he is very resentful, kai to ho ili-hd cu kang ; 
 it is on the border land between good and bad. 
 
 m 
 
 kai 148 To transfer to another post. 
 359 "6" i teng khi-ngwn ; he is the 
 first among the ki^-jin graduates. 
 
 ^IH/ ^^^ — "^^ injunction; precepts; 
 
 PTPC 360 7 warnings. 
 
 cap k{\i ; the ten commandments. k{lu-kki ; 
 
 injunctions. 
 
 kai 75 To even ; to level off ; to 
 
 307 11 adjust, 
 kliieh ki tau-kai lai kai ; take the bushel 
 scraper and level off the measui-ed grain. lu 
 kai tau-kai tieh khia hd-hd cia" u ciin ; hold 
 your bushel scraper rightly and then there will 
 be fair measure given. 
 
 kai 106 A relative pronoun ; it forms 
 900 3 the possessive and denotes 
 the genetive. 
 
 si xia kai a si lu kai ? Is it mine or yours ? 
 cia si lia kai cu ; this is my book. i si tong- 
 
 kok kai nang ; he is a Chinaman. peh kai hd 
 a ang kai hd ? Which are the better, the white 
 ones or the red ones ? lu ai° spi kai a toa kai ? 
 Do you want small ones or large ones ? u kai ; 
 there are some. si un ii kai ; that is what we 
 have some of. ai" cie"-se" kai ie"; want that 
 
 sort, lu tieh kio ua boi ho kfii ; you must buy 
 good ones for me. ua ai" t6i"-toi" kai ; I 
 
 want solid ones. i kai thau thia"; he has 
 
 headache. i kai clui to ; his house has fallen 
 down, i kai chiii li m hau", i kai sim hau"; he 
 talks as if he were unwilling, but in his heart 
 he is not averse to it. i kai ue coi c3,i ; ho 
 
 is a great talker. in cai i kai i-su; do not 
 
 know the meaning of it. ua kS,i sim 13,i si sieh 
 i ; 1 have an affection for him. i kai a-pe bo 
 to ; his father is not at home. toa kai soi kSi 
 16ng-c6ng si chue i ; great and small all go to 
 him. kie kai co-bak-kang kai !A,i co ; call a 
 
 carpenter to come and make it. cia si ti-tiang 
 kai ? Whose is this ? i ai" sim-mih kai ? 
 
 What does he want ? si i kai a m si ? It is 
 
 his, is it not ? cia si nang kai a si in kai ? Is 
 this ours or theirs ? si un kai ; it belongs to 
 us. hxi tie" i" kai kha ai" cih ; the leg of that 
 bench is about to break. ci koi" cliii kai e° 
 
 khah soi ; the roof- beams of this house are too 
 small. cili tieh i kai sin ; received his letter, 
 lu hd thia" i kai ue ; you should heed wliat he 
 says, i kai to-li chim ; its doctrines are deep, 
 i kai se"-cheng hd ; his disposition is good. 
 i kai phue jun ; its rind is tough, si-ceug kai 
 cam ; the hands of the clock. 
 
 kai 9 One ; a classifier of wide ap- 
 423 8 plication, 
 cek kai a no kai ? Is there one or two ? k4i 
 
216 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 t6a, kai s6i; one is large and the other small, 
 d kai li(5 a hu kai lip ? Which is <he better of 
 the two ? no kai ti kai toa ? Which of the 
 
 two is the larger. u kai nftng Jo? there is a 
 
 person there. ci kai tlifiu kSi, hu kfti ji kai, 
 hti kai t6i° sa° k^i ; this one is the first one, 
 tliat tlie second, and the other the third. IS 
 kiii kai kia°? How many children have you ? 
 ci poh kai ngftn jieh tSng ? How heavy is tliis 
 hundred dollars ? kI lun nguii kfti, a t-I lun 
 
 ngfin nie ? Is it to be reckoned in dollars, or in 
 taeis ? ua ai" iu"-iu" kai kai ; I want a very fine 
 one. th6i° lieh k6i kfti h(5 ; they appear to rae 
 to be every one of them good. M kfti kfti to 
 ki"; you want every one of them. b6 kai ili 
 
 pat; there is not one that he does not know, 
 kio i Qa" kfti ; the one exchanged with him. 
 chit kai poih si ngQ-cftp-lak ; seven times eight 
 are fifty six. u sa" no kai tla°; have only two 
 or three. in cai i ai" tl-kai ; do not know 
 
 which one he wants, bo piia" kai ; there are 
 none at all. khieh ke kai pua" Ifti ; bring 
 
 another plate. ta° Ifti fi kai to-li; what he 
 
 Bays has reason in it. chwn bo kfti le" c'io°.8e"; 
 there is no such thing. cp kfti hp ; make a 
 
 mark, Oe kfti kho ; draw a circle, efa sa° kfti 
 ji ; write three letters, cek jit kiii kai si-sin ? 
 How many hours in a day ? tk kfti chau ka''-cap 
 bl ; some have the flavor of an orange. \i kfti 
 phang bl ; has a fragrant odor, khieh kfti kia" 
 lai iam ; take a magnifying glass and look 
 through it, kua" kfti mak-kia"; wore spec- 
 
 tacles, ii kfti nftng-kheh Ifti ; a guest has come, 
 phah kai chi'u-cak ; make a finger ring. lii 
 
 cheng kiii kfti sa" ? How many tunics do you 
 wear ? khieh kfti puah khu clip ; take a pot to 
 put it in. lia u kfti tfa"-kia° h(5 cha ; I have a 
 small iron pan to fry it in, pftt kfti, xia H 
 
 niui"; any other, is not what I want. ai° ci 
 
 kai ; I want this one. kfti phi" toa-toa kfti ; a 
 very large nose. m si ci kai, si hti kai ; it is 
 not this one, it is that one, khui kai miig ; 
 
 made a door there, ang kai jit-thau lue" toa; 
 as large as the sun. ang kai hiie-hun-cun 
 
 hie" tiig; as long as a steam-boat. i ai° mih 
 kfti ? What does he want ? u kfti ii, ii kfti bp ; 
 Bome have them, and some have not. si ti 
 
 cek kfti ? Which one is it ? to mng kha ii 
 
 kai nftng td khia; a man was standing by 
 the door, 
 
 |-fl kai 30 With ; together with ; for, 
 |RJ 933 3 lia kai lu ta"; I will tell you 
 about it, lia kfti lu cp kau hp-hp ; I will do it 
 nicely for you. lu kfti ua pak lip ; you tie it 
 for me. ham i tleh kfti lia cu-sbi cp ; tell him 
 be must make it painstakingly for me. 
 
 y^^ kai 9 A letter whose shape is used 
 I 423 1 as descriptive of other objects, 
 kfti ji liu ; the weeping willow. kfti ji tek ; 
 
 the drooping bamboo. 
 
 — kak — 
 -jt^ kak 75 The long narrow slats that 
 'X^ 410 7 are laid in roofs, 
 pai 6" teng kak ; lay the beams and nail on the 
 slats. cek tio kak; one of the narrow boards 
 on which roof tiles are laid. kak ai" cp poiU 
 Imn kHu kfti ; I want roof slats that are eight 
 tenths of an inch in thickness. 
 
 ^^y kak 115 Grains, corn, cereals. 
 i^JC 453 10 ngo-kak cii; ng6-kak b(5; the 
 god of grain. ng6-kak hong-long; the grains 
 are abundant. 
 
 ""^A kak 148 A horn ; a corner ; a point ; 
 /^4 409 6 an angle ; a protuberance, 
 SI kak c6 si nftng ; four persons sat at the four 
 corners, i kfti kak ciam-ciam; its angles are 
 very sharp. cek kak bun-cu ; an official dis- 
 patch, chii-kak-thftu ; a gable, gu-kak, ie'- 
 kak, tek-kak ; cow's, ram's, and deer's horns, 
 sai-kak ; rhinoceros horn. 16ng-iang kak ; 
 
 stags' horns. m6ng-kak ; white horn, no kfti 
 kak chie-chie; wide spreading horns, kak pe"; 
 horn handles. 6a"-kak; triangular. si-kak ; 
 quadrangular. ng6-kak ; pentangular. siu 
 
 pang hu cek kak ; put them over in that corner, 
 thi" pi", hai kak ; the ends of the earth, ch&ng 
 kak ; the corner of a field. mai" ciiang tieh i" 
 kak ; do not run against the corner of the 
 chair. ai" c6 poih kak a lak kak ? Do you 
 
 want it made eight or six sided ? poih-kak ; 
 the star anise, a spice. keng, siang, kak, ti, 
 li, si ngo im ; the five tones of musical instru- 
 ments. Bla mak kak thoi" i ; looked at him 
 
 out of the corner of her eyes. i si kio i cle" 
 
 jit ii khau kak ; the other day they were 
 bickering, 
 
 kak 147 To notice ; to feel ; to bi-ing 
 
 410 Is" to light, 
 put cai put kak cii lai ; came when none were 
 aware, lia ciig kai m cai iTi kak ; I was wholly 
 unaware. hu kia" su hwt kak li'o ; that affair 
 has come to light. liia, si lia sit kak chak ; it 
 I who was oblivious. phu khi lai kak ci 
 
 phia°-li kp oi thia"; when it comes on the pain 
 is right here in the ribs, cia si bp cai-kak kfti 
 mueh-kia"; this is a thing without sensibility, 
 cu kak ii se-su khiin-kwn; am conscious of feel- 
 ing rather languid. cia si kak si kai fle ; 
 these are words to enlighten the world, put 
 kak cu kau ; came unexpectedly. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 m 
 
 t^t kak 80 Each; every; separate ; apart. 
 "fx 426 8 kak nftng kak nftng khu ut ; 
 each went by himself to bed. kak njiiig kak 
 nang kai sii ;each has his own separate interests, 
 kak nang kak nang kai hvvn-l(5 ; each has his 
 own sorrows. ci h^e kak nang m to ciah ; at 
 this moment every one is eating. kak-kak 
 m sie tang ; each is unlike the others. nang 
 kak u so chiang ; each has his own special 
 gift. ta° liii kak u cek sueh ; in speaking 
 
 each had his own meaning. kah chn kak 
 
 chu kai ue im; each place has its particular 
 dialect. kak ti-hng ia u ; every place has it. 
 kak kok to u nilng kau ci'-kp ; every country 
 has its representatives here. kak hie" to 
 
 pat i ; every village knows him. ke lai 
 
 kak su SI i kwn ; all the different sorts of 
 affairs in the household, are under her con- 
 trol, kak khwn kak khwn hun-piet ; dis- 
 tinguish between the different sorts. kak 
 nang kak cip ka-ki kai i ; each held to his 
 own opinion. i si cp-pu ciah a si kak nang 
 kak using ciah ? Do they eat together or 
 apart ? 
 
 >^i^ kak 120 To congeal ; fixed ; to bind 
 /ppl 376 6 by agreement, 
 ciii kak co pia°-sng, kak kau toi° ho phau be ; 
 water freezes into ice so hard that hor.ses may 
 race upon it. kak sio-bak ; close up an ac- 
 
 count. Bio-bak kak cheng-chp ; the account is 
 settled. kak via" a hue ? Is the case closed 
 
 yet ? i hue lio-kak ; he has not yet finished it 
 up. kak-kiie i kai se^-mia"; put an end to his 
 life. kak-kek ho me ? Are the results good ? 
 kau kak-bue si cp-ui ? In the end what will 
 come of it ? kau-kak hiii^-lui ; leagued 
 
 rascals. 
 
 kak 1 To fling, to throw, to cast 
 
 909 5 away, 
 k&k mak ci"; to cast a glance at; to ogle, mak- 
 ci" ce kak i cu cai; when she glanced at him he 
 understood, kak tio ; to fling aside, kak loh 
 cui ; throw it into the water. 
 
 kS,k 64 To throw at; to cast missiles. 
 
 395 18 kak kau i hueh lau hueh tih; 
 stoned him till the blood gushed out. cang 
 
 cieh khu kak i, kak m tieh ; threw stones at 
 but did not hit him. khieh ke kp kak khu 
 
 kku, tu-tii kak tieh i kM thau-khak ; took an- 
 other and threw it, and hit him exactly on 
 the head. kak si; stone to death. kak ta"; 
 miss the aim in throwing at. 
 
 ^ 
 
 — kam — 
 
 kara 142 Intestinal worms. 
 
 262 6 kam-thS.ng; intestinal worms, 
 sph SI i kai kam-thftng ; destroy the intestinal 
 worms. tho cek tio kam-thftng chut lUi ; 
 
 vomited up a worm. cf ie" ieh ho tl kam- 
 
 thang ; this is a good vermifuge. 
 
 kara 104 A disease of children, aris- 
 311 5 ing from bad treatment or 
 undigested food, kara-cek; pot-bellied, siang 
 hp kai kara-cek-ieh ; an excellent vermifuge, 
 si kam-cek-pia", a si kam-cek-kp, a i-i kara- 
 cek-thng ? Is it worm medicine in lumps, ia 
 lozenges, or in powder ? i kai a-no" kam-cek 
 huara-ngan tSng c3,i ; her child has worms so 
 badly as to produce indistinctness of vision, 
 ge-kam ; a gum-boil. i si se" cau be gd-kam ; 
 he has the galloping canker sore mouth. 
 
 EJ-^ kara 108 A jail ; a prison. 
 _lTrl^ 387 9 liah khu siu kara ; seize and 
 imprison. to kara lS.i ah jieh kii ? How long 
 has he been kept in custody ? kim kam ; to ira-, 
 prison. ju to cp kam, cp 16 ; like being in a 
 
 dungeon. cau kara huam ; an escaped pri- 
 
 soner, pvvn kam ; to break out of prison, 
 
 thi-lp kah kim-ci si kvvn kara kai ndng ; the 
 sheriff and the turnkey are those who control 
 the jail. tieh u cek kai nang \6 kara i c6 ; 
 
 there must be one person to force him to do it. 
 kam lira kua"; the overseer of tlie prison. 
 
 -I-I* kara 99 Sweet; grateful; agreeable 
 
 \A 310 to the taste or feelings, 
 ci ie" hi lo kara ; this flavor is more agreeable, 
 ciah tieh au toi 6i kam ; chui hue oi toa kam ; 
 it leaves a pleasant taste in the mouth. cia si 
 kam-kam kai ; this is a very sweet one. ciali 
 tieh kam-kam ; it tastes delicious. hp-hp kai 
 ho kie-cp kam-lim ; a refreshing rain is called 
 a timely rain. i m kam pun nang ; he is not; 
 pleased to let us have it. i ai° khu, lia m 
 
 kam khut i khu ; he wants to go, but I am un- 
 willing to part with him. kho cin, kara lai ; 
 when the bitter is exhausted, the sweetness 
 comes. soi" kho 5u kam ; first the bitter then 
 the sweet. ku kara kit; a voluntary agree- 
 
 ment. cie"-se° i si la kam sim ; thus he is 
 
 resigned to death. cia si i kam-sim cheng- 
 
 ngvvn kai ; this is what he voluntarily does, 
 kam-chau ; liquorice. kara-chau hiia peh hi; 
 liquorice compounded with a hundred other 
 sorts of savory things, sieh kau m kam phah 
 i ; loved him so much she would not punish 
 him. i cp kam hai nang ? How can he will- 
 ingly injure people ? i kam-ngvvn siu kho ; 
 she is willing to undergo hardship. 
 
218 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SVVATOW DIALECT. 
 
 kam 85 Water in which rice has 
 
 311 5 been scoured. 
 
 eng bi-kam-cui khii soi ; take rice water and 
 wash it. cia ai" eng bf-kam-cui lai ci ; rice 
 
 water is to he used in mixing this. lu kai 
 
 sin-hun Hang, tieh ciah co bi'-kara-te, m h(5 
 ciah t$ hieh ; your system is depleted, and you 
 must drink coffee made from browned rice, 
 you should not drink tea. 
 
 kam 61 To move the feelings ; af- 
 
 312 9 fectedby. 
 
 kara-sia lii ; thank you. kam lu k&i un ; ap- 
 preciate your kindness. lia kai sim kftm-keh 
 cu ci; I am exceedingly grateful. kam-hiio 
 
 nftng kai sim ; stir the heart to repentance, 
 i thia" tieh kai sim cu kam-t6ng; when he heard 
 it he was much moved. kam-m&n" huang 
 
 hS.ng ; affected by the weather. sie'-huang 
 
 teng kam ; his ailment relapsed. im iang kai 
 klu ce kau-k:im, cu hue-se" bwn miieh ; the 
 dual powers exerting a reciprocal influence, 
 produce all things. ka,m-6ng sin sok ; bring 
 an appropriate recompense from the gods, 
 kam i k&i tek ; thankful for his goodness. 
 
 kam 140 To cover ; to cover over. 
 
 307 10 kia" kau phfle kam mi"-mi'; 
 so afraid that he hid himself under his coverlet, 
 lu kS,i phue in-hd kam thiu kam hiah ; do not 
 cover your head with your coverlet. kam Ho 
 khah hip tieh ; after covering up I was too hot. 
 ti cek kai kam thau ; wore a veil, as in mourn- 
 ing, chin li khu kam phue ; if you are cold 
 go and get under the quilt. 
 
 iW kam 32 To bury, without rites. 
 -R 573 7 che''-uah liah khu kam; seize 
 and bury alive. kam to tho toi ; bury it in 
 
 the ground. k^m li'o chah ki mueli co ki-ho ; 
 bury it, and insert something as a mark by 
 which the spot may be identitied. i kai ci"- 
 iigun kam loh tho toi, b6 nang cai ; buried 
 his money in the earth, where uo one knew of it. 
 
 ^ 
 
 kam 32 A pit. 
 
 315 4 heng-kam; the chest, heng- 
 kam kut ; the breast bone. i teh sie" tieh 
 
 heng-kam ; he bore a burden so heavy as to 
 injure his chest. heng-kam thia"; a pain in 
 
 the chest. 
 
 kam 76 To enjoy as the gods do ; to 
 205 9 accept the fumes of sacrifice, 
 lau-ia kam te ; the god enjoys the tea. lu pat 
 th6i"-ki° iSu-ia kam ciu me ? Have you seen 
 the gods accept the wine ? 
 
 B^ kam 108 To oversee; to superintend ; 
 nrl^ 387 9 to inspect, 
 kam-tok ; to oversee. ka-kl td kam-tok ; he 
 
 is himself superintending the job. sin-meng 
 kam-chak ; the gods supervise. kam-seng si 
 to kok-cu-kiiin thak cu kai n&ng ; the national 
 students are those who study in the National 
 Academy. jip kam thak cu ; go to the Na- 
 
 tional Academy to study. khim-thien-kam si 
 li thien-bun kai kQ ; the Board of Astronomy 
 regulates astronomical affairs. thai-kam 
 
 si huang-ti kfti n6"-p6k ; the eunuchs are tho 
 servants of the Emperor. 
 
 kkra 167 A precedent ; a speculum. 
 
 387 1a c6i" ku khd kam ; you can 
 see what you will come to by so doing, thoi" 
 kang kam ; consider historical precedents. i 
 chtang thoi" thong kkm ; he considers pre- 
 cedents. 
 
 /^^ kilra 80 To hold inside the mouth ; 
 X—i 1C2 4 to hold ; to contain, 
 kftm cSk chili ciii ; hold a mouthful of water 
 in the mouth, lii kai chiii k&m 8lra-mueh t6 ? 
 What have you got in your mouth ? ci kla" 
 much thoi" tieh k&m ciii kftm cui ne, teng G 
 t&ng; this seems to be saturated with water, 
 and weighs heavily. ci cek ki pit fo 6i k&m 
 b&k ; this pen holds the ink better. k&m pit 
 cng bfik ka,i nftng ; one who follows literary 
 pursuits, kim-kam ; sugar plums, chiii teng 
 kam liap kim-k&m ; holding a sugar-plum in 
 his mouth. 
 
 — kang — 
 
 ■Jftt kang 188 Toilsome; difficult; hard 
 ^^ 382 if ship. 
 
 kang-kho ; distressing. oi kang-kho a boi ? 
 Is it difficult to do ? boi kang bbi kho ; not 
 toilsome, sim si kang-lang; is very wearisome. 
 c)e°-se" kang-kang kh6-kh6, hie"-se° cia° koi ; 
 that is a very troublesome way of doing it, tho 
 other way would be easier, kang-siap ; bitter; 
 wretched, tieh oi kang-lang khak-kho cia" Si 
 tit ho ; if you can persevere against difficulties 
 all will be well, kang-kho cph, khua"-uah ciah; 
 work hard and eat in comfort. cia kang-kho 
 ta°; this is hard to say. i si teng kang tag khu 
 chu ; he went home on account of domestic 
 sorrow. i si teng pe-kang a si teng bo-kang ? 
 Is he in mourning for his father or his mother? 
 
 kang 120 The large rope which binds 
 319 8 a net; a resti-aining bond; 
 
 a great principle. 
 
 kang-mak ; a general outline. kang-kkm ; 
 
 annals. kang nia ; the leading points, sam 
 
DlCTlONAltr OP TUE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 219 
 
 kang, ngo siang ; the three duties and the five 
 relationships. co mih sfl lioh tl kang slang { 
 in whatever one does the obligations of morality 
 must be remembered. 
 
 ikang 48 Work ; labor ; workmen ; 
 460 the day's work, 
 kang-jin ; workmen. bak kang ; carpentery. 
 cieh kang ; stone-cutting, toa kang ; the work 
 of a master hand. soi kang ; the work of 
 
 untrained laborers. eng naiig to tok kang ; 
 
 some one must superintend the work, i si siu 
 kang-thau ; he is the one who bosses the job, or 
 makes the contracts for the work. siu kaiig- 
 hu lai CO ; take in work to do. i td co kang- 
 hu ; he is at work. co kang-hu kang-hu ; do 
 it in a workmanlike manner. kang po ; 
 
 Board of Works. kang pang ; department of 
 works, in a yamun. hue-kang ; m.ason work, 
 kang-ehie"; an artizan. ceng tong kang a 
 
 bue ? Is the work begun yet ? tiang-si heng 
 kang ? When is the work to begin ? kirn jit 
 cia° khui kang ; they hare just begun the 
 work to-day. ke kai gueh cu cun kang; in 
 
 another month the work will be finished, 
 chia" sai-pe ciah wn kang ci'u ; invite the mas- 
 ter-workmen to drink wine on the completion 
 of the work. klu' kang tiang-si la chi'a" i ; at 
 the commencement of the work they also 
 receive an invitation to supper. ci kia" su 
 
 sim si hui kang ; this has been a piece of work 
 costing a deal of labor. i si phah kang kai 
 
 nang ; he is a laboring man. cek kai kang 
 
 jieh coi ci°? What are the wages for a day's 
 work ? tieh ii kiii kai kang ; it is a work of 
 several days, kang ci"; wages, co me" kang ; 
 do night work, si lun kang a si lun gueh ? Is 
 the work done by the day or by the month ? 
 kang ko ; hired help. ko kang lai coh ; hire 
 workmen to come and do it. kha kang ; 
 
 skilled labor. co kang-hu nang ; a working 
 
 man. kang ji chut thau, bua cia" 15 u kau ; 
 
 when a working man makes himself con- 
 epicuous, he gets ground down into the sem- 
 blance of an old ape. bo sim-mih kang-hu ; 
 it is not very well put together. i kai kang- 
 hu 10 ho ; his work is well put together. cia 
 kang-hu bo eng; this sort of work is of no use. 
 81 ai° CO tng kang a si ai" co to cam ? Is the 
 situation to be a permanent or a temporary 
 one ? ni kang ; an engagement by the year, 
 kang-hu cp lai cho ; this work is done in a 
 slovenly fashion. cam kang ; needlework. 
 
 €ng sim-mih kang thia° ? How much work is 
 it ? tieh lai cp ca kang ; must come to work 
 early, i ai" cp siang kang ; he will do the best 
 BOrt of work. 
 
 kang 1G9 AVliile ; during; in tho 
 ,Mj 381 i midst of. 
 siap-si-kang ; a little while. siap-si-kang cu 
 lai ; in a little while he came. hut-jien-kang 
 cu th6i''-ki"''; just then saw it. cia" to ta" c^ 
 kang, i cu la.i ; just as wo were talking about 
 it, he came. i ceng to khi-kang a in ceng? 
 
 Was ho there or not ? chi'a" i lai cp tong- 
 
 kangnang; invite him to act as go-between, 
 thi" ti kang kai mueh coi cai ; there are nu- 
 merous things in heaven and earth. jit-kang 
 li li .su, me"-kua li b6 ut, khah bua tieh ; attend- 
 ing to business during the day, then going 
 without sleep at night, is too giinding. cek 
 ni-kang, l^i no hue ; comes twice a year. t5 
 lu lia cu kang to bp io-kin ; between you and 
 me that is no great matter. 
 
 l\ kang 51 The ten celestial cyclic 
 I 309 characters; to draw on one; 
 to offend against ; resulting, 
 thien-kang phue ti-ci°; the cycle of ten accom- 
 panies the cycle of twelve. cap kang cii si 
 kah, it, pia", teng, bo, ki, ke", sin, jim, kui : 
 kah it si sok bak, pia" teng si sok hue, bo ki si 
 sok tho, ke" sin si sok kira, jim kui si sok ciii; 
 these are the names of the periods in the cycle 
 of ten : the first and second belong to wood, 
 the third and fourth to fire, the fifth and sixth 
 to earth, the seventh and eight to metals, and 
 the ninth and tenth to water. kah, pia", b5, 
 ke", jim, si sok iang, it, teng, ki, sin, kui, si s6k 
 im; the first, third, fifth, seventh, and ninth, 
 belong to the male principle in nature, and tbe 
 others to the female, cap kang kio cap-ji ti-ci" 
 phue-hah cu seng cp lak-cap kah-cu ; six revo- 
 lutions of the cycle of ten and five of the cycle 
 of twelve, make the great cycle of sixty, 
 tong-khi kang-khp ; to go to war. cia ciang- 
 lai tieh tong kang-khp ; this will in the future 
 lead to war. m siang kang ; of no moment to 
 either of us. bp siang-kang ; of no conse- 
 quence, i thia" tieh bp siang bp kang ; he did 
 not think it of any importance. cia kio lia 
 sim-mih siang kang ? What is this to me ? u 
 lia bp kang ; it does not concern me. i si to 
 m kang-hiu"; he will die sooner than cease, i 
 cong-kii iTi kheng kang-hiu"; he will never stop, 
 hui kang ki su mok lau sim ; it was not my 
 doing and does not affect me. cek kang nang 
 long-cdng lai; the whole lot of them came, 
 cia kio ua bo kang-,siap ; this does not concern 
 me. lu ai" jiak kang ? How much do you 
 want ? ci kai si cp kang-ceng kai nang ; this 
 is the witness. cia kio lia bp kang hi"; this 
 does not affect me. ua bp kang u ci kia" su ; 
 
220 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 I have nothing to do with this matter. Iftng- 
 kang ; banisters, ui Iftng-kang; surround with 
 a balusti'ade. 
 
 Jll kang 18 Unyielding; inflexible; firm; 
 y 318 8 now; in music, a sharp tone, 
 i kui Be" khah kang; his disposition is too 
 unyielding. i kai 86"-cheng sim nl kang-c\a"; 
 his disposition is very resolutely upright. i 
 
 kai ue u kang u jiu ; what ho says is both firm 
 and gentle. d kai 6i kang 6i jln ; this is 
 
 sometimes hard and sometimes flexible, kang- 
 ngS ; inflexible, cgk nftng khah kang-ng6, cek 
 nfing khah jin-jiak ; the one is too unyielding, 
 and the other is too yielding. kang-khlang ; 
 resolute, determined, lia kang-kang cia° k^u ; 
 I just now came. i t<5 hong kim kang keng; 
 he is reciting Buddhist chants in a high key. 
 
 kang ^ Exhausted; dry; all gone; 
 311 10 cured by drying; adopted 
 by a sworn contract. 
 
 eau kau kang-kang ceng-cSng ; swept out clean 
 BO that none remains. boi kang-ceng 16 ; all 
 sold out. phak kang; dried in the sun. 
 
 khleh kliu jtt-teng sai-kang; put it to dry 
 in the sun. sang kang 16i ; make a present 
 
 of dried fruits. khah kang-chau ; too much 
 dried up. i pai i c6 kang pe ; he treats him 
 as his adopted father. 16 teng ciah kang nie ; 
 dry provisions eaten when travelling. kia 
 
 hng lo tieh cai toa kang nie ; in making long 
 journeys one must take dried provisions. 
 
 kang 88 Illicit intercourse, as adul- 
 ^^^ 381 6 tery, rape, and incest. 
 m h(5 kang-im ; thou shalt not commit adultery. 
 i ceng kang nang kai hu-nng; he has debauched 
 women, si khlang kang a si hua kang ? Was 
 it rape or seduction ? i si kio nang thong 
 
 kang; she has held criminal intercourse with 
 some one. kfa^-jit si'm c6k kla° kang-chdng 
 
 kai ua°, kai kang-hu phah li'o ke chut lai ; to- 
 day a case of adultery was tried, and the 
 criminal was beaten and put in the cangue. 
 iukang; to seduce. kang-kiiai nang kai cu- 
 nie ; commit rape. 
 
 T^fl kang 19 Hard work; diligence; 
 'i/V 460 3 efficacy; virtue. 
 i t<5 eng kang; he is industrious. i k&i kang- 
 hu sun cai ; his labors are unintermitting. 
 eng kang ai" u huang huap cia° boi sie"; in 
 exerting one's self there must be method and 
 then no harm will be done. u kai khue thia" 
 sun-sun lai eng kang, cu tia"-tieh u kong-hau ; 
 if when there is a job of work on hand, there 
 be unceasing diligence, there will certainly be 
 
 achievement. kang tieh c\e°-se" eng cia" si en 
 huap ; expend your strengh thus and that w ill 
 be according to the right method. kak nftn g 
 gng kak nang kai kang; let each use his own 
 strength. ci le" nu kai kang-iak toa; the 
 
 eOicacy of this is great. cxo"-.si khun cSi, b6 
 eng kang; is very much exhausted and does 
 not exert himself. 
 
 Y''T' kang 85 A river. 
 f. 1^ 362 8 chiang kang, tfti hd ; a long 
 and great river; the Yangtse. tang cun kue 
 kang ; crossed the river in the same boat. st 
 png-tl nang a si gua-kang nang? Are they 
 natives or foreigners ? cp gQa kang hi ; per- 
 forming plays, using the dialect of another 
 province. ai° cie'-se" li" le h&ang-ti kai kang 
 sua", mng bwn-bwn ni 16; if it be as you .say, 
 then the empire is everlasting. i si cau kang 
 6 kai nAug ; he is a great traveller ; a trader 
 going to all parts. cia si iau-kang-6 ; this i» 
 an old traveller ; one who knows a ruse. 
 
 4fi^ kang 88 Crafty ; plotting; clandestine. 
 !a\ 381 8 kang-ck; fraudulent. kang 
 chin ; a treacherous vjis.sal. liiu-kang ; artful. 
 ph5i° kang tarig; bring to trial a ti-aitorou» 
 cabal, tong i kai kang koi; fell into his snare, 
 ngiam liah hhng kang ; strictly put under arrest 
 all those who are disaffected. ci kai nang 
 
 kang kau ; this is a designing person. kang 
 chak; a villain, kang-kha; crafty, kang-kut ; 
 wily. liah tieh cek kai kang-s6i ; caught an 
 eaves-dropper. 
 
 V"l kang J22 A large star, or the god 
 ll^ 319 5 who lives in it; the Buddh- 
 ists reckon thirty -six large stars, including 
 those which form the bowl of the dipper, sa"- 
 cap-iak thien-kang ; the thirty-six large stars, 
 i t6 hne-hng-teng p5 kang, tab tau ; he is in 
 the garden practising ueci'omancy iu order to 
 influence the stars. 
 
 kang 85 A rivulet iu a gorge. 
 _. ^ 387 12 sang p6i" si sua", tin-tang 
 koih cek tio ciii, kie-co kang ; a stream that is 
 shut in between two hills is called a runnel. 
 
 kang 149 To converse ; to speak ; to 
 363 10 narrate ; to discourse ; ex- 
 planation ; talk. 
 
 SI kang cu li a si kang much li ? Is he d is- 
 coursing of literature or of practical affair s ? 
 kang sim-mih to-H ? What doctrine does ho 
 preach ? ci kai siu-se° bo mih kang-kiu ; this 
 teacher does not explain much. i toa" pat 
 
 kang-kitt ciah, kang-kiu cheng tia°-tla°, c ia"- 
 
DlCtlONAR? OF TflE SwATOW DIALECT. 
 
 m 
 
 keng kai io-H i chwn boi kang-kiu piia" li ; he 
 can discuss only what pertains to food and 
 clothing, correct principles he cannot discourse 
 upon at alh i si to kang ko a ; lie is narrating 
 old stories; is talking about old times, lu niai° 
 to kang ko ; do not talk irrelevantly. niai" t<5 
 kang ko cu ; do not talk about what is remote 
 from the subject; do not beat about the bush, 
 i kiu n^ng kang li, la-sl m kang li, nang cii m 
 su-hok ; he gives his reasons for it, if he did 
 not people would not acquiesce in his ruling 
 them. jl ke clu'a" nang kang hua ; the two 
 
 invite some one to arbitrate between them, 
 kang hua j treat of peace; propose a settlement, 
 kang-koi ; to expouiid. ci'a chia" mai" kang ; 
 do not let us talk about this. i chut ohiji 
 
 cu kang cho; he talks in a coarse fashion, 
 m-hp kang cho, lo-cho me" nang ; do not use 
 obscene words when scolding people. mai° 
 
 thia" i kang tang, kang sai ; do not heed his 
 carping at this and at that. i kang lai sim si 
 thong-thiet; his speech is to the point. 
 
 "^^ kang 118 Terse, brief, concise ; to 
 |MJ 384 12 condense. 
 i kai eng-to I'o kang-se"; his expenditures are 
 less. i kiii ku ue ta" khu kang ; his sentences 
 were tersely put. ia iTi-hp khah kang ; neither 
 it is well to be too laconic. cia khah kang 
 
 bwn ; this is too blunt and discourteous ; I fear 
 you will deem me rude. cm si kang khueh, a 
 si hwn khueh ? Does this require prolonged 
 labor or not ? ta" kang ce ; be concise. 
 
 )^ 
 
 kang 62 Entire ; complete. 
 77 T ce khu cu kang ni kii ; if he 
 goes he will be gone a whole year. cp kang 
 ko gueh, hwn-lio hue h6 ; has been at it a 
 whole month and it is not j^et finished. ce co 
 cQ CO kang jit ; if he sits down he will sit all 
 day. kai gueh thang kang choi° ngun ; 
 
 earned as much as a thousand dollars in a 
 month. cek cS,i u kang bwn ta"; there were 
 fully ten thousand piculs in the load. i I3i 
 
 gng kang peh nang; they employ at least a 
 hundred men. 
 
 kang 169 A triangular truncheon, or 
 387 l2^ heavy rapier. 
 i chut cien to si eng sang kang ; when they go 
 forth to battle, they always use a pair of trun- 
 cheons, i kai kang mong lai hd cSi ; he 
 brandishes his truncheons with fine effect. 
 
 kang 85 Streams ; canals ; channels 
 ^ __ 364 9 in a stream, 
 kang mng ; the entrance to a channel. kang 
 khau ; the point where one stream empties into 
 
 another. chut kang ; emerge from the canal, 
 jip kang ; enter the canal, or harbour. png 
 
 kang cun ; a native boat. gua kang lai kfti 
 
 cun; a foreign boat, kak kang kai hue-miieh ; 
 goods from every port. cia si tl cek kdng 
 
 mng kai ? From what poi't is this brought r 
 ngp tieh huang, me''-me" sia jip kang ; met 
 with wind and hastily ran into a harbour. 
 
 *^CT^ kang 75 Slips of paper; visiting 
 /TV 384 5 cards, 
 cu kang in ; a seal for stamping letters. cfek 
 nS,ng to li cu-kang ; one of them is attending 
 to the sending of letters. 
 
 kang 197 Soap. 
 
 385 12 hwn-kang ; foreign soap, 
 boi ko hwn-kang lai soi sa°; buy a piece of 
 soap to wash clothes with. 
 
 kang 61 Affairs ; to attend to busi- 
 313 10 ness ; capable, 
 ii sim-mih kong kang ? Is there any public 
 business ? lu kai ke kau ci-kp lai u sim-mih 
 kui kang ? On what business does Your Ex- 
 cellency come ? via lai kang cek kia° su Ho ;- 
 I have attended to one matter of business al. 
 ready, lia thoi" i kang m khii; I do not think 
 he can manage it. bp cek kia" su i kang tit 
 
 lai li ; there is no sort of thing that he can do. 
 i mih su jvvn kang ; he is very careless in the 
 transaction of business. ci kai nang Idng- 
 
 kang; this person has fine executive ability, 
 ci'a tieh u chai-kang hue cia" cp tit lai ; there 
 must be some capable person for this, then it 
 may be done. i bp chai bp kang; he has no 
 executive ability. ai" chue kai cp su, boi 
 
 theng kang kai cie ; as for finding some one 
 who is not careless in the transaction of busi- 
 ness, there are few such. i chwn bp theng 
 kang ; he never manages things in a loose way. 
 kang-che si leng-kang kai che-hiah ; a clever 
 constable is one who has much executive ability, 
 kang-wn si leng-kang kai kua°-wn ; a capable 
 officer is one who has much executive ability, 
 toa leng-kang ; great capacity for affairs. 
 
 ^^ kang 62 To join battle ; hostilities ; 
 45 12 an affray, 
 kang i tit kue a kang m kiie ? Did he get the 
 better of him in the fray or not ? cia lai kio 
 i kang kau teng td khu ; will fight with him 
 till the tower falls ; will continue the quarrel 
 to the bitter end and never give in. kim-kng 
 sie phah, toa kang ; a racket like that the gods 
 of the city would make were they fighting. 
 kio i tai kang cek tie"; had a tremendous battle 
 with them. 
 
222 
 
 DICTIONARY OF tHE SWATOW DIAtECT. 
 
 kang 149 To point out the right of a 
 386 9 thing ; to remonstrate ; to 
 protest; to advise. 
 
 kang kua" ; kang chin ; counselors of state, tl 
 phSng-iu hue kui-kang i ; had friends who 
 advised hira. i tng min cu tit kang; he re- 
 monstrated with him to his face. u n^ng 
 kang-ci i ; some one stopped him by remon- 
 strance, i kh6-kh6 kang-cd ; he put a stop to 
 it by giving unpalatable advice. cang put 
 BU Ifti kong kang; give reproof by innuendo, 
 cia cu si i cia° ka° kang ; this is something 
 that he dare straightly protest against. cia 
 tieh m kii sin ke cia° ka° kkng ; in order to 
 protest against this one must be regardless of 
 his personal interests. jlm kang lu thia"; 
 heedless of remonstrances. c6i" i''-keng th&i 
 kue kui kai kang-chin ; formerly slaughtered 
 several of the censors. 
 
 US; kkng 170 
 Pp 364 6 
 
 To descend from a high 
 level ; to come from the 
 sky; to degrade, 
 kang loh khu ; descended. kkng se"; to be 
 
 born, (said of a superior being). kang si ; 
 
 descend into the world. kang 16h tho-tl ; 
 
 descended to earth. kkng khip lau jim ; to 
 
 degrade in rank but retain in office, ii seng tt 
 kang; some were promoted and some degraded. 
 
 kkng 120 Deep red. 
 364 6 &ng l&i k&i sek fo kkng; 
 the red was deeper. 
 
 ~|-|^ kang 12 Collectively ; in all ; to sum 
 
 ^^ 464 4 up; to hold in common; 
 the same. 
 
 kang c6ng u jieh coi ? How many are there 
 altogether ? hah kang khiam ngun cek peh 
 Bgwn ; altogether we own a hundred dollars, 
 kang kbi ii jieh coi kang ; reckoning the whole 
 how many days' work are there ? ci kai chiu 
 si put kang tai thien ; this enemy cannot 
 remain under the same heaven with me. n6 
 nang sie kang kai; held in common by the two. 
 a-pe si sie kang kai; they have the same father, 
 lii kio i si sie kang cek kai a-b(5 a si kak ntlng 
 kak n&ng kai ? Have you and he the same, or 
 different mothers ? sie kang co ; sit together. 
 ]\i co-ui bo kio i sie kang ? Why do you not 
 share it with him ? sie kang ciah ; to mess 
 
 together. 
 
 1^1 kang 30 And, with, in common, to- 
 
 |RJ 933^ 3 gether. 
 
 i kang tia cp-pu lai ; he and I came together. 
 
 xnai" kang i khu ; do not go with him. cia ue 
 
 lu fi kSng i tk' a b6 ? Did you tell him this or 
 not ? kang i cp-pu ciah cO b6 keng ; iu eating 
 with him there is no good fellowship. 
 
 — kap — 
 
 ikfl^ kap 142 A lizard. 
 
 iHpl 428 6 kap-kai ; a spotted lizard. 
 
 pp-cie-kap ; a tree-toad. 
 
 kap 196 Doves ; domestic pigeons. 
 
 428 6 peh-kap ; pigeons, peh-kap 
 pie ; a lottery, teh p^h-kap pie ; buy a lottery 
 ticket, peh-kap pie kim tit c6h me ? Has the 
 prohibition of lotteries been effective ? 
 
 ,^^ kap 80 To join ; to unit© ; to close ; 
 PI 217 8 joint. 
 
 kap tit buaa kap m bua? Do they fit in to 
 each other so as to join or not ? kap ieh ; to 
 compound medicines. kap kong ; to pool 
 
 funds; joint stock, tang ci' kap png kai; joint 
 capital. kap cp-pfi ciah ; to mess together, 
 
 toi-khiah kap-bua a hue? Is the crevasse in 
 the dike closed yet ? 
 
 ^ftrT kap 167 To bind, kap cu-cheh; to 
 
 W-4 904 2 bind books. 
 
 kap cp cek png ; bind them into one volame. 
 
 kap-p6 A toad. 
 182 kap-p6 thio hiig sIm ku; 
 after a long leap, the toad rests a long time. 
 kap-p6 thio k&i phun; a grave with a scalloped 
 front. 
 
 ^Hh^ kap 87 Connected, as a side chamber 
 .y^ 366 4 or recess, 
 kap-pang cun ; a ship, co kap-pang; to char- 
 teraship. tah kap-pang ; go by ship. kia' 
 kap-pang ; be a sailor on board a ship. 
 
 kap 130 Puffy ; swollen. 
 
 24 8 i kai mak-kha-phue cp oi 
 kap-kap ? Why is it that hia eye-lids are so 
 swollen ? i k^i kha-pua" ne kap-kap, kai mih 
 m4u°-pe''? The top of his foot is very much 
 puffed up, what is the matter with it ? 
 
 to 
 
 t|j^ k&p 30 Loquacious; talkative; 
 ^IniL 218 10 chatter, 
 i lai kau kih-kih kap-k^p, ue tk" boi tit h'o ; 
 she came and chattered away as if she would 
 never stop. ki" tieh, h'-kwn kap ; began to 
 
 chatter as soon as she saw him. hia ue to 
 
 si theng kap ; that is thoughtless talk. kSp- 
 kap-kie ; the noise of many persons conversing, 
 ka-ki kap-kap-kie ; chattering away to herself, 
 li-li kap ; kept right on talking rapidly. 
 
DICTIONAllY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT, 
 
 223 
 
 — kau — 
 
 y»a kau 64 To get; to grasp; to lug- 
 /y 328 4 along, 
 tarn iiang kliji kau i lai ; tell some one to go 
 and bring hi in here, lia lai khu kau i lai mUg; 
 I will go and fetch him here to be questioned. 
 
 kau-knah Something indistinctly 
 ^? 369 seen in the distance ; 
 
 perplexed and unsettled. 
 
 kau-kuah, lii cheng-cho ; vague and incomplete. 
 i kio i pit si u sim-mih kau-kuah ; there is 
 certainly some antagonism between them, sio- 
 bak kau-kuah, m cheng ; the accounts are jug- 
 gled, and remain unbalanced. cie" chiu kio e 
 chia kau-kuah, m cheng ; the foregoing and the 
 following are inconsistent with each other, and 
 confusion arises from the lack of clearness. 
 
 kau-koih Scurf ; grime. 
 
 630 hang soi-ek, cek sin 
 
 ceng-ceng kau-koih ; he seldom bathes, and his 
 whole body is covered with grime, soi cheng- 
 khih Ii'o hwn-lio u kau-koih bp kue ta" nang 
 si tho CO kai ; having washed one's self clean, 
 one can still rub up the grime, so no wonder it 
 is said that man is made from clay. hi'a kau- 
 koih rn tieh chiu cheng-khih ? Why do you 
 not scour off all the scurf ? 
 
 ^ 
 
 /> f kau 20 To mark off; to entice; to 
 "^V 328 2 hook on. 
 cek pit kau-sio ; to cancel an account. si i 
 
 khu kau-i'n i lai; it was he who inveigled him 
 here, i to co sim-mih kau tang ? What under- 
 hand job is he at? kau-thong hiii" lui ; in 
 league with the conspirators. bun-cie" ai" 
 kau ko tiam ku ; this essay is to be punctuated, 
 kau-lau tieh i kai sim su ; made out what he 
 had in his mind. ji-ke to kau-lau sira su ; 
 each is trying to make out what the other is 
 plotting. 
 
 ^^ kau 8 To hand over to ; to have 
 ^^^ 367 4 dealings with; intercourse ; to 
 blend ; to communicate with ; to join, 
 kau-i"; an arm chair . bo kio i kau-chap ; 
 
 does not associate with him. ci''-ngun liSn 
 
 kau chiu ; money passes from hand to hand. 
 tia kai so-si kau t(5 i chia teng ; my key is in 
 his hands. seng-li kau-ek ; trade and barter, 
 i kio i ii kau-cheug; they hold pleasant inter- 
 course with each other. i"-keng kio i coh kau; 
 has already ceased from intercourse with him. 
 to ci gua kau pheng chu I'u tieh ii sin ; in for- 
 ming friendships out here one has to exercise 
 faith. kau pue iia" cua°j the wedding cup. 
 
 bue ceng kau-hong cu soi" caa ; retreated be- 
 fore having joined in battle. kau-kwn boi 
 boi ; exchange of commodities. nfn thin i ii 
 kau-siap a bo ? Are you on intimate terras 
 with them ? kau ngo-si a biie ? Is it eleven 
 o'clock yet? kau kue p§h-l6 cu sng co poih 
 giieh ; after the White Dew it is the eighth 
 month, kau-tai cheng-chp ; delivered over the 
 full tale. kau-iu sim si khuah ; his relation- 
 ships are of wide extent, ci kia" su kau-tai Iti 
 CO ; hand this business over to you for accom- 
 plishment, si ua kau-khut lu kai ; it is what 
 I delivered over to you. lu Ii kau ua, ua Ii 
 kau i ; you delivered it over to me, and I 
 handed it over to him. ceng kau pua" a biie ? 
 Is the cargo delivei'ed over yet ? put hu nang 
 kau thau ciap hi"; not allow people to puti 
 their heads together. u no kai sim kau kai 
 pheng-iu ; has two congenial friends. si toa" 
 cang sira kau-chap tia", bue pat hue min ; have 
 had mental communion only, not having yet 
 seen each other. 
 
 t=| kau 189 Elevated ; eminent; of high 
 |Vl| 324 degree; old; tall; advanced, 
 lu io kau kien ; your opinion is of greater 
 value. i kai kien-sek pi nang lo kau ; his 
 
 experience is wider than that of others. kau 
 se" toa mia"; your name and surname, lai kio 
 i ki" kai kau-ti ce ; come and see which can get 
 the better of the other in a contest. ngp tieh 
 ci hue kau-heng; it happens that he is just 
 now much elated. kau-thai si ke ; raise the 
 current price. chong-iang coih ii teng kau 
 
 kai hong-sok ; it is customary to mount to high 
 places on the ninth of the ninth month, kau- 
 li siam ; Corean ginseng. tSi huam nang ai" 
 hiang kau ni to tieh u kai ie"; whoever wishes 
 to live to great age, must have a plan in living, 
 kau CO ; great great grandfather. kau-lau ; 
 
 a restaurant. kau-lau-kwn kai chai pi ciu- 
 
 kwn kai io h(/ ; the fare at the restaurant is 
 better than that at the wine shop. ci kjli 
 
 sin-se" sim kau mia"; this teacher has a great 
 name. i ce peh cie" kau sua" cu mo" in ki" 
 
 pe° ti ; as soon as he mounts to a height he 
 is unable to behold what is on the plain, nang 
 sim put cok kau ; the heart of man is never 
 satisfied with what ambition has attained, lu 
 kai chiu-tvvn pi i io kau ; your strength of arm 
 is greater than his. 
 
 kau 167 A hook ; a barb ; a fluke ; to 
 ^l^ 328 4 hook. 
 
 tie" hu kai tie°-kau ; a hook to catch fish with, 
 niang-tie" kau ; a hook to hold up a mosquito 
 bar. kltleh ki tah-kau kdi i tah tia"; take a 
 
224 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THI! SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 liook and hook it fast. ii^k khu tio-pang kau 
 teng ; hang the meat on the hook. pak kai 
 
 kau ho tio muoh ; fasten up a hook to hang 
 things on, hu ce ciali ji cu khut i kau kfu to 
 kp ; when the fish takes the bait; he is hooked 
 fast on it. kau chut Ifii ; hook it out. kau 
 hi"; dig the wax out of the ear-passages. kau 
 kau hu tdi-ioi ko ; dig down to the bottom with 
 the hook. sie kau ; hooked together. kau- 
 kau lien-lien; interlinked. nSu kau tka soh ; 
 set a trap of liooks and ropes to la.sso some- 
 thing, i ktli jl ngia cJli, ngun kau, thih ueh ; 
 his letters are well made, with sharp curves and 
 hold strokes, chie" nfik leng tl kai kau; at the 
 end of the spear there was a hook. khut kau 
 tall kill to ko, b6i tit chut; it is hooked ou 
 tightly so it will not come off. hl°-kau ; an 
 ear-ring of a hooked shape. 
 
 m^\ kau 142 kau-leng; the dragon of 
 •^5^ 3G7 6 thickets and morasses ; a 
 salamander. kau-leng pwn tio <I-hng; a 
 
 drngon overturned the land. tang thi"-si khii 
 chim sua" teng li'u tio kau-lSng ung; go in 
 winter to the recesses of the mountains and 
 dig up dragon's eggs, kau-leng si siang ll-h&i 
 kfti much ; the land dragon is a most destruc- 
 tive creature. kau-leng nng toa k&i fl kio 
 cho cek n5 cleh cui k&i ang hie" toa; a large 
 sized egg of a land dmgon is as large as a jar 
 that will liold one or two firkins of water. 
 
 yjUg kau 85 A ditch; a drain ; a sewer ; 
 ifl^ 328 10 a gutter. 
 
 cui kau sak khu ; khieh ki much khu thfig i 
 thong; the drain is clogged, get something 
 and poke it open. kau lo pe thong-thong, 
 
 loh toa ho cia" boi cie" cui ; rake the drain free 
 from obstructions, and then when there is a 
 heavy rain it will not overflow, ci chph chang 
 mua-ti-kp kai kau-khut chim, ciii Qa" to m ui ; 
 in these fields hereabouts the ditches and 
 ponds are deep, and there is no fear of danger 
 from drought. ci ko u cek tio kau thang kiie 
 khu ; there is a ditch running through here 
 from one side to the other. sai kau-k/a°; a 
 
 .sewer, toa sai kau; main sewer, kia" cek me" 
 bp sai kau ; feet so big that she would not step 
 in the gutter if walking at night. am kau ; 
 
 a covered drain. 
 
 Hh*l kau 123 A lamb ; a kid. 
 i>^> 325 4 o-ci-kau phue-be-kua cSk 
 kai 6ng jieh coi ngun ? How much does a 
 riding jacket of naturally black lamb skin cost ? 
 peh kau phue ; white lambskin. o kau phue ; 
 black lambskin. 
 
 m 
 
 kau 94 A dog. 
 
 329 5 kho kau khu ciah; call the 
 dog to its food. kau t<5 pui ; the dog is bark- 
 ing, sua" kau ; wild dogs. si'o kau ; a mad 
 dog. b6 cii kai kau ; a dog without a master, 
 hai-kau ; seals. hai-kau wen hd c6 ieh ; the 
 kindeys of seals are good for medicine. kau 
 hp ci'e" mng ; dogs are good to guard the house, 
 l^b kau ; hunting dogs. cf ciah kiu h6 phah 
 l&h ; this dog is a good hunter. 
 
 "If kau 5 Nine. 
 
 / lu 413 1 kau-choi" kau-poh kau-c&p- 
 kau ; nine thousand nine hundred and ninety- 
 nine, kau-kau poih-cs1p-c3k ; nine times nine 
 are eighty-one. m kwn i sa"-kau jl-cfip-chit ; 
 pay no attention to his reckoning. kau gueh 
 chiu kau kie-cp ch6ng-Sang-coih ; the ninth day 
 of the ninth month is called the autumnal 
 festival. kau kui kai sng huap ; the rules 
 
 of arithmetic. kau kui kau l(i kau kau poih- 
 cap-it kui tu; whether you divide by nine, or 
 subtract nine times, there are nine nines in 
 eighty-one. co kau n&ng pun; divide it equally 
 among nine persons. kua° han-cp kau pin ; 
 officials are divided into nine grades. cih cp 
 kau sia"; received nine tenths of it. thdi" tSeh 
 kku kau sia" chi"; it appears to me that about 
 nine tenths of it is untainted. kau hun h<5 ; 
 nine parts in ten are good, kau kui"; the nin© 
 districts. 
 
 \pt kau 75 Dry; withered; desire gone. 
 
 ]p^ 325 10 cie -si ciah lai kai min sek 
 ko-kau'; his face is very thin lately. ko-kau ; 
 attenuated ; forlorn looking. sfa lai kai pit 
 iicli khah ko-kau, the strokes in the writing 
 are too fine and thin. 
 
 "iXi Jfc&l kan-kf The barberry. 
 TUTHJ 320 kau-kici;theseedsof the 
 Uerberis lycium, used as a febrifuge. kau-ki 
 chai; a plant whose leaves are edible, and are 
 used as greens. li ke choi" M mai" ciah kau- 
 ki ; when a thousand miles from home, one 
 should not eat barberry preserves. 
 
 X"^ kau 94 Wily, tricky, crafty. 
 V^ 369 6 kang-kau ; tricky, kau-k&t ; 
 wily. ta° lie to si kang-kang kau-kau ; he is 
 very cunning in his speech. 
 
 i 
 
 kau-ka° A revolving wind. 
 ^ _ 821 kau-ka°-huang ; a whirl- 
 wind, which carries the dust on high : the 
 people say the gods use such for ascending and 
 descending. khut cek cun kau-ka° huang l&i 
 kau, cu long-long khut i chue tio khu ; if a 
 
DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 225 
 
 whirlwind comes, it -will blow the whole away, 
 cun kau-ka''-huang lai kau tiii i kai p6 ka to 
 pua"-tlii" to pue ; a whirlwind came and took 
 her cloth into the air and whirled it round 
 and round. 
 
 ^\\ kau 18 To arrive at ; to reach ; 
 P^U 867 6 finished ; until ; at ; up to ; 
 Btill ; yet; sign of the past tense. 
 ai° kau a btie ? Are we nearly there ? clah 
 
 kau pa ; eat till the appetite is satisfied, thoi" 
 kau la ; to look at as much as one wishes, 
 phah kau phua"-sie"; beat so much as to maim, 
 thia" kau nSi m kim ; ached so that I could not 
 bear it. kia" kau hek ; walked until tired, 
 
 ke cek ko-kia° cu kau ; a little bit more will be 
 the full amount, co-ni kau ta° hwn bue kau ? 
 How is it that up to this time he has not yet 
 arrived ? boi kau ta° u jieh ku ? How long 
 
 ago did you buy it ? kau ti-tiang-si i cu ai" 
 ke ; at that time she is to be married, i kau ke 
 cap ni lio ; he came home ten years since. lu 
 ki" kau ti kq ? Whither are you going? lia ai" 
 kau niu kq thit-thq ; I am going to your house 
 for recreation. ci kq ua pat kau kue kai ; I 
 have been here before. i sie" tit kau, ua sie° 
 ni kau ; he thought of it, but I did not. su 
 
 kau than lai put cu iu ; when the thing has 
 happened you cannot choose concerning it. kq 
 ko ua pat kau ; I have been to all those places, 
 boi tit khiie-khiie kau ; cannot get there soon 
 enough. kia° kau ai° kau cu ngq-tieh i ; when 
 nearly there we met him. cha-m-tq ai" kau 
 
 h'o ; almost there. kau si lu cu cai ; when the 
 time arrives you will know. kia" kau lo teng 
 cia" sie° tieh; when I was on the way I thought 
 of it. si kau, hue cu khui ; when the time 
 comes, the flowers will blossom. kau chu cek 
 ie°; it is the same everywhere. lai kau ci kq 
 sim cia" ua"; when I arrived at this point, my 
 mind became calm. bq huang boi tit kku ; 
 
 if there is no wind we shall not reach there, 
 kau chu a hue ? Has he reached home yet ? 
 kau toi si cq-ni ? What are the bottom facts ? 
 
 JA^ kau 11 Entire in all its parts ; whole ; 
 yHFT 1013 T unbroken, 
 cia si kau-kai kai ; this is a whole one. a- 
 phien tho boi kau liap 6i io phl° me ? Is opium 
 cheaper if you buy a whole ball ? boi kau 
 
 Bie° keng phi"; it is cheaper when bought by 
 the whole Idox. kau koi" chii kai ti eng jieh 
 khuah ? How much space is required for the 
 whole house ? i ai" sue kau koi", a si ai" sue 
 cek p6i° ? Does he wish to rent the whole, or 
 only a part of it ? koi, kau ciah sie ; roast the 
 fowl whole, i" kau liap thuu Iqh khu; swallow 
 
 the pill whole. khu kq, kue i khu ; let him 
 
 take the whole lump. ci pang cu kau pang 
 me ? Is this set of volumes a complete series ? 
 cia bI kau hii kai ; this is a complete set. 
 
 ^Ittf kku 57 Sufficient; enough; adequate. 
 V-^ 331 10 ^^^ ^ '" ^^"^ '' ^^ there enough 
 of it ? m kau eng ; it is insufficient. tieh 
 khieh kku i kau eng ; you must take as much 
 as he needs to use. hwn-lio bue kau-cok ; 
 
 still there is not enough. ci cek clioli m kaa 
 i ciah ; this is not as much as he wants to eat. 
 khut i thit-thq kau kau ; let him amuse himself 
 as much as he pleases. ci kq m kau cq ; thi.s 
 piece is not enough to make it of. niu ke lai 
 kai giieh cap-kai-ngun kau niu su-hui me ? Is 
 ten dollars a month sufficient to meet the ex- 
 penses of your household ? 
 
 -/^« kau 30 To announce to a superior. 
 |_| 326 T kau-kai ti-cu ; warn his pu- 
 pils, ua kau-su lu cai ; I beg to inform you 
 of it. kau si lio ; I am about to take my 
 leave, (said by a visitor to his host). 
 
 "^iji kau 149 A patent or seals ; to signify 
 Ppl 326 7 one's wishes, 
 kau-meng ; credentials. kau-meng hu-jin ; a 
 patent enobling the mother of an official, kau 
 hong sa° to; he ennobled three genei-ations of 
 his ancestors. hiara-hiam pi chio-theng tqh 
 
 tng kau-meng; came very near having his 
 patent of nobility taken back by the govern- 
 ment, i kau-cang sim-mih kua" ? To what 
 official rank is he raised ? 
 
 yt^. kau 60 When used after another 
 1"^ 872 8 verb, expresses the poten- 
 tial mood or a form of the past tense ; to be- 
 come ; to attain. cq kau ngia; has made it 
 very handsome. ta" kau hd thia" ho thia"; 
 spoke very properly. siu-sip kau iap-thiap 
 iap-thiap ; arranged in the neatest manner. 
 
 Tyi^ kau 80 To deliberate ; to consult ; to 
 IrlJ 739 8 adjust by consultation, 
 kau-nie ; to talk over and arrange a plan, nan 
 lai kau-nie ; let us talk it over. kau-nie kau 
 ho cia" lai kia"; when we have through con- 
 sultation come to a conclusion, then we will 
 proceed to carry out our decision. i no nang 
 io ti kau-nie ; the two talk over and arrange 
 matters with each other. 
 
 kau 157 To bestride ; astride. 
 
 468 ~6~ kha cu kau kiie khu; threw 
 his leg over it. kau to be sin teng ; astride of 
 a horse. kau to koi''-thau ; sitting astride of 
 his shoulder. 
 
226 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 kka 94 A monkey. 
 
 174) 9 si kau kia° a si toa kaa ? Is it 
 a monkey or an ape ? khang kua kai td phb 
 klia khut ci"; one who leads a monkey about is 
 before the shop begging cash. thoi" n&ng 
 
 inong kau hi ; see a play in which monkeys 
 perform. tok koi ka kSu ; chop up a fowl in 
 order to scare a monkey into better behaviour, 
 i sang mak cu si che° cang kilu ; he looks 
 around like a newly caught monkey, i sang 
 ra9.k kau-kau iang ; he rolls his eyes about as a 
 monkey does. kS,i kau khia ciah kau ; a 
 
 monkey riding on a dog's back. wn-kau ; a 
 baboon. kim-si-kau ; a small gray monkey, 
 nf-kau ; an ape. 
 
 nm 
 
 kJlu-un The common earth-worm. 
 41G 111! kui tio kSu-iin lai chl 
 ah; dig a few earth-worms to feed to the ducks. 
 
 ~ 1 ^^ |Ut kJln-lA.k The chestnut, and some 
 \j y/TV 539 kinds of oak. 
 ka,u-lak chut a bue ? Has the season for chest- 
 nuts arrived yet? che" kau-iak; raw chest- 
 nuts, ko-sie kSu-l&k ; steamed chestnuts. 
 
 JST kJiu 27 Thick; substantial; liberal; 
 /-^ 176 7 generous; intimate; well 
 flavored ; rich. 
 
 u jieh kau ? How thick is it ? sa" chiin kiiu ; 
 three inches thick. ci khf ciia io kiu, hu khf 
 khah poll ; this sort of paper is thicker, that 
 sort is too thin. i cheng sang kau-t6i-6i ; he 
 wore a pair of thick-soled shoes. ua ai° oho 
 kSu kai p6 hd ; I want coarse, thick cloth. ci 
 kai ka° khah kSu phue ; the rinds of these 
 oranges are too thick. i slu kue i kai kslu 
 
 hfli ; he has experienced his magnanimity ; he 
 has received a liberal donation from him. ua 
 kau thai i ; I treat him courteously. i co su 
 slra si kau tan ; he acts very generously, i se° 
 lai kau tang ; he is very stout. tong-kau ; 
 
 honest-hearted ; faithful. min phue kau ; 
 
 brazen-faced ; shameless. thi°-si chin, tieh 
 
 cheng kau ce ; the weather is cold, you must 
 dress more warmly. Id kai pang ai" eng jieh 
 kau kai ? How thick do you want your boards 
 to be ? khieh ki kau to khu phua cha ; take a 
 heavy knife and go and split some wood. tieh 
 kau la cha khi lai cia° ho ciah ; you must fry 
 it in plenty of lard then it will be palatable, 
 tg khah poh, chong kau ce ; the tea is too 
 weak, make it stronger. lia ai" co hi'a kau- 
 
 kau kai ; I want a very substantial one made, 
 pi chu bo kau poh ; there is no difference in 
 thickness between this and that. i kwn-thai 
 i io kia-kau ; he treated him more liberally. 
 
 kwn-thai lu nS nang b6 kau poh ; I treat you 
 two without partiality toward either. i ki' 
 
 tieh chim cheng kau mau"; when he saw him 
 he received him with great cordiality and de- 
 ference, cliie" ax" ceng jieh kau ? How thick 
 is the wall to be made ? cfa si i cek tug kau i ; 
 this is his dominant notion. 
 
 — kauh — 
 
 kauh 64 To roll up; to curl up; to 
 
 450 8 swirl ; spiral. 
 Hani kauh khf Isli ; roll up the splint curtain, 
 phue kauh bua; roll up the coverlet. chau- 
 chieh kauh khi; roll up the matting. luah c5 
 nng kauh ; fry it in an omelet. cang ml-huo 
 lai kauh ; roll it in batter. c6 phak ta" i sang 
 ki° cu ai° kauh ; when it is dried in the sun, 
 its edges curl up. khut huang chue lio kauh 
 CO cek p6 ; after being exposed to the wind it 
 curled up into the shape of a stick. toa ki 
 
 khut i n6 e kauh cu bua; he rolled up the large 
 flag by two sudden jerks. kauh co cek kho 
 
 cek kho i°-i°; curled up in rings. kauh li'o 
 
 sang-siia"; flew open after being rolled up. jii 
 Idng kauh ciii ; as a dragon swirls the water. 
 
 n kauh 85 Spoiled by dampness, and 
 
 |SS 626 11 disuse, 
 kauh kau thang tieh cQ phua; it has become so 
 tender by long continued dampness that, if 
 you touch it, it tears, kauh k^uchau; has laid 
 away in a damp place till it smells. kauh c6 
 t5-puu ; left unused and damp till it is nothing 
 but rubbish, mueh kauh tio khu; the thing is 
 ruined by dampness and disuse. hd-lid sa°- 
 kho tib tieh ho l<~iu, co ce kauh tio khu ; this 
 perfectly good clothing, having been wet by 
 the rain leaking through upon it, is all spoiled. 
 
 — ke — 
 
 ^^^ ke 40 A family ; a household ; a 
 ^V 351 ^ home ; people, 
 hue ke ; to return home. ceng kau ke a biie ? 
 Has he reached home yet ? ke tie"; ke ciang ; 
 the head of the household, ke pe ; my father, 
 ke b(5 ; ray mother, ke hia°; my elder brother, 
 cek ke nang 16ng-c6ng lai ; the whole family 
 came. sai kai ke-jin khu chia" nang-kheh ; 
 
 send a domestic to invito the guests. pii-kui 
 ke ; a wealthy family. i to li ke su ; she is 
 
 attending to domestic affairs, i kai ke su jieh 
 toa ; her domestic duties are many, ji ke hiia- 
 mok ; the two are completely reconciled, ji ke 
 pe'-pe" hua°-hi; they are both equally well 
 pleased, i ji ke hau"; both parties are willing, 
 liang ke to hau"; both of us consent, no th&u 
 ke; two families, having the same husband 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 227 
 
 and father. si i kal pun ke ; it is his own 
 
 family. ang ke ; support a family. hap ke 
 pheiig-ang; the whole family is well, i ke eng 
 jieh toa? What are his household expenses? 
 ,peh chiu seng ke ; a self-made man. hin-khek 
 T-keng cia" ke, eia° tau ; has now a homo of 
 his own. toa ke nang ; a member of a large 
 family. hu-kp u jih-gua ke ; there are over 
 
 twenty families there. t&.i-ke; tai ceng ke ; 
 
 all of you ; the whole of us. kok ke ; the 
 
 sovereign. si ke kai kia"-ti ; the children of 
 an ancient and honorable house, chut ke iong- 
 koi, kui ke lang; to become a priest is easy, 
 to return to domestic life afterward is difficult, 
 ke-ke ho-ho to khu che ; go to every house and 
 examine, i si seng-li ke a si thak-cu ke ? Are 
 they a mercantile people or are they engaged 
 chiefly in literary pursuits ? to ke ; at home, 
 ke au ; the wife and her relatives. ke lai ; in 
 the house ; the wife. 
 
 ke 36 More ; many ; much ; to add . 
 909 ^ bo ke ; no more, ci chph tia°, 
 bo ke ; only this and no more. ke nang ke 
 
 hok ; the more the merrier. ke cai ; very 
 
 many. ke kiii ni cii h(5 chua bp ; in a few 
 
 years more, he may bring home a wife. ke 
 
 kai gueh cu siu tang ; in another month the 
 crops will be gathered. ke kui jit cu sek; 
 
 they will be ripe in a few days more. ai° ke 
 cek kai ; want one more. ke sa" jit ; three 
 
 days later, ke hph coi ; much more, ke lang- 
 1(5 ; a little more. ke bp ua ; not much more, 
 ke cek tng ; once more. ke cek e ; one stroke 
 more. ke khiin ; a moment more. ke cek 
 khun-kia°; a little while after. ta" ke sa° ta"; 
 carry three more loads, ke siap-si ; presently ; 
 a little later, phah ke cek e ; hit another blow, 
 ke kvii e ; a few strokes more, khu ke si hang ; 
 go four times more, ke chph pun ua ; give me 
 a little more of it. bp ke nang to ; no one else 
 was there. pun lia ke cek hue ; give me one 
 more turn at it. lai ke cek ciia ; come once 
 
 naore. boi ke no bo; buy two acres more, nin 
 kp kai nang ii chua ke bo a bp ? Among your 
 people is more than one wife taken ? se° ke 
 kiii kai kia°; has borne several more children, 
 boi ke cek koi" chu ; buy another house. ke 
 toa-bp-mueh sua°-ngiap; much more real estate. 
 u ke ie° a bp ? Have you any other kind ? bp 
 ke khi ; no other sort, nang u ke teng ; there 
 are different sorts of people. ciah ke chph ; 
 eat some more, m cai ii ke a bp ; do not know 
 whether there are any more or not. chun b6 
 ke ; no more left. cai ke kui cai ; carry a few 
 more boatloads, khah ke ; too many, mai ta" 
 ke ku ; do not say a word more about it. 
 
 "flirt ^® H ^^ ^^^ ^ ' ^^ superadd ; to 
 //M 360 8 increase. 
 
 ke kiara sui tS i ; increase or diminish accord- 
 ing to his wish. ai" ke jieh (oi ? How much 
 more does he want ? ke cek pQe ; double the 
 amount. ke it thiu; add one tenth. kku 
 ci'-kp lai tieh ke sa" si ci" BU-hiii ; in getting 
 it here three or four mace must be added for 
 expenses. 
 
 A cassock, worn by Buddh- 
 ist priests, made of coarse, 
 
 ke-se 
 350 
 sleazy camlet, 
 i kai hue-sie" cp-ni bp cheng ke-se ? Why do 
 not these priests wear priests' robes ? i tieh 
 CO hut su cia" ii cheng ke-se ; when they are 
 performing priestly rites then they must wear 
 their cassocks. 
 
 ke 9 False ; fictitious ; unreal ; to 
 
 352 9 feign ; illusory, 
 m cai cin ke ; does not know the true from the 
 false, ua thoi" si cin kai, lu cp-ni thoi" cp ke ? 
 It appears to me to be real, why do you con- 
 sider it an imitation ? ke mia" ua" se"; tako 
 a false name. ke-mS,u" kua°-tie"; pretended to 
 be an oflB.cial. ke hwt ; a grave in which there 
 is no coffin, i ke cp khut-ciah ; he put on the 
 costume and manners of a beggar. gua min 
 ke cp ho nang ; put on the external appearance 
 of an honest man. i ke kau sio cS,i ; he imi- 
 tates it to perfection. lia cu pat, i ke m khu ; 
 I knew him, he could not deceive me. cia si 
 ke i kai pit ciah kai kai ; this is an attempt to 
 imitate his penmanship. ke-ke ne cu seng ; 
 
 if the imitation be perfect it will succeed. 
 i cp lai le-ke ; he has made a good counterfeit, 
 sit cSi le-le ke-ke ; is really spurious. ta" hu- 
 ke kai lie ; speak falsely. i kai much to si k^ 
 kha ke chi'a ; all his things are imitations. 
 I3,ng ke seng cin ; from jest to earnest ; to 
 fulfill what was begun as a joke. 
 
 ke-sek Grain ; cereals. 
 |W| 'ji^V 354 ke-sek mueh-kia" long- 
 cong pun cui cim tio ; the grain is all spoiled 
 by being merged in the water. kim ni mih 
 
 ie" ke-sek mueh-kia" toa siu s6ng ; large crops 
 of all sorts of cereals have been gathered in 
 this year. 
 
 4^i ke 9 A leave of absence; a furlough; 
 li|5v 352 9 an interim in a long session, 
 tiang-si ai" pang ke ? When will the vacation 
 begin ? i pang ke au hwn-h'o to hu ISi thak cu; 
 after the vacation had begun, he still remained 
 there studying. 
 
228 
 
 ftlCTlONARt OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 kh ^ The price ; the valae of a 
 
 353 13 thing, 
 phu ke ; raise the price. kiam ke; diminish 
 the price. h&i" m kaa ke ; paid loss than the 
 price. Bin-sien Jang llo ci" bi ke ; the gods 
 
 even find it difficult to estiraate the rate of ex- 
 change and tlie cost of rice. ca rang si ke 
 put tang ; the current price varies with the 
 season. kc-ci" khah kui ; the price is too 
 high. cl kill ke cu phi"; this sort is cheaper, 
 put ju ke ; bo nS le° ke ; no two prices. ci sa" 
 81 khwn to si c6k ie° ke ; these three or four 
 kinds are all the same price. lia thd si kh, Ifi 
 liAv" rf ci"; what I ask is the price, what you 
 offer is the cost. cfa si bo ke p<5 k&i mueh ; 
 this is a priceless thing. c)e"-Bi cf iu" mfieh si 
 cio" ke a si loh ke ? Is the price of these 
 articles rising or falling now ? kiam ke phi" 
 boi ; prices diminished, and selling off cheap. 
 sit ke, b6 su-nie ; the real price, with no bar- 
 gaining about it. b6 tu" k^ ; no false prices, 
 lii raai" la° ke, sit-sit jieh coi ci"; do not put on 
 a fancy price, but tell exactly how much is to 
 be paid for it. 
 
 k^ 88 To marry a husband. 
 354 10 b6 ke b6 chua; neither marry 
 nor are given in marriage. ke ang ; wed a 
 
 husband. i k6 tieh cek kai ang hi'a cia" h<5 ! 
 She has married such a good husband ! i ceng 
 chut ke a biie ? Ts she married yet ? In »i" 
 k^ chut, iu ui" chua jip : su coi cJli ; what with 
 marrying off daughters, and bringing home 
 daughters-in-law, there is niucii business on 
 hand, kc cau-kia"; marry off a daughter. k6- 
 cng coi cSi ; the dowry is large. cau-kia" chi 
 toa cu tieh ke ; when a daughter has been 
 brought up, she must be married off. cek kai 
 li koi-ke, cek kai li ra kheng koi-ke ; one of 
 them married again, and the other refused to 
 marry a second time. ci kai chiah-kha si sui 
 nio ke kjii ; this large footed maid came with 
 her mistress when the latter entered the family, 
 ke koi tue koi pue, ke kau tiie kau can ; if you 
 marry a cock you thereafter fly, if you marry a 
 dog you thereafter trot ; the wife takes the 
 social station of her husband. 
 
 ke 187 A chariot; to drive or sit iu 
 iVJV^ 353 5 a carriage ; one who sits in a 
 carriage ; a title of respect. 
 
 Iu kai kin ke tiang-si kau? When did Your 
 Excellency arrive ? cun ke si u mill su ? 
 
 What business has Your Excellency ? l&u Iu 
 kai ke mua-khi lai thoi"; will trouble you, Res- 
 pected Sir, to come to-morrow and see. ci'a 
 khah lau-tong kui ke ; this is troubling you, 
 
 sir, too much. hwn Iu kai ke lai cf-kp ; put 
 you to the trouble of coming here. gu k^ 
 
 chin ceng; the Emperor himself goes forth to 
 subdue. sia" k^ ; His Majesty. i oi theng 
 hun ke bQ ; he mounts the clouds and rides the 
 mist, sui ke chut iu ; follow the chariot (of a 
 god) out for an airing, tang ke bo ki"; excuse 
 one's self to a visitor. 
 
 T^M ke 76 An open frame on which to 
 xlv^ 353 6 pl£u;e things ; a rack ; a stag- 
 ing ; to support ; to fend off. 
 cio-ke m tio ; could not fond it off. cu ke ; a 
 book rack. sie" ke ; a trunk stand. ' cap jl 
 ke ; a cross ; a frame like the character which 
 denotes ten. pang ko h(5 ke mueh-kia"; leave 
 it to lay things on. ke cek tio pang-kie cQ 
 
 hp kia" kue kliu ; lay down a board as a bridge 
 then we can cross over. lii mai" lai tia"-tp 
 
 k6.ke ; do not you come and knock over the 
 drum-stand. i mih su to si td-pai ke-cu ; he 
 does everything in a stilted style, cie" p6i" ke 
 kue hie" p6i°, eng jieh tng cia" ke tit kuj ; how 
 long need the staging be in order to extend 
 across from this side to that ? ham bak-kang 
 lai c6 kai po-phftog ke; call a carpenter to 
 come and make the tent poles. phha ke ; a 
 
 frame to hang a cloak on. kh sii kai ; bolster 
 up calumuious charges. 
 
 ke 75 The cangue, a wooden collar 
 350 6 worn as a punishment, 
 liali khu ta" kS ; seized and put in the cangue. 
 ke ho cek kai gueh ; sentenced to the cangue 
 for a month, phi ke toa b6 ; carry the cangue, 
 and wear fetters. sang phau ke ; a cangue 
 
 made for two persons. ke ceh Ifo wn tia" ; 
 
 after the cangue has been worn, the case is 
 done with. cek min ke ; a cangue. khia 
 huang-lokS; put into a cangue in which one 
 dies from weariness and hunger. 
 
 ke 9 Low ; below the standard ; 
 '^ 877 5 low-priced. 
 Cl tio lo kui°-kui" ke-ke oh kia"; this road is 
 very uneven and difficult to travel. siu-s!p 
 kau l6 pe°-pc'', boi kui" ke ; level the road, bo 
 that it will have no inequalities. thnu phak 
 ke ; bend down the head. i kai ra6°-kha se" 
 khah ke ; her hair grows too low on her fore- 
 head, i sang bai khah ke ; his eyebrows are 
 too lowering. chng ke ; to squat, pang kau 
 ke-ke ; let it down much lower, ke-ke sia" kio 
 i ta°; told him in a very low tone. i ta" khu 
 ke sia" ke sia", thia" ra hin; he speaks very low, 
 and is not heard distinctly. i kai khek chie 
 lai ii kui" Ci ke hd thia"; he chants his ballads 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 229 
 
 m 
 
 in diverse notes, pleasant to the ear. ke cek 
 kok si'a; write it a line lower down, i td tsiu 
 ke ngun ; he buys adulterated silver. c{ khf 
 ngun khah ke ; this silver is too far below the 
 standard. m kui" m ke ; neither above nor 
 
 below the standard. ci ie" hue lo ke ; these 
 goods are lower-priced, chin-clue" ci'ii lau loh 
 ke ; like water running down hill. 
 
 — ke" — 
 
 ke" 127 To till; to cultivate; to plow. 
 
 322 4 ke" chang; to cultivate the 
 fields. ke" coh kai nang ; farm laborers, ke" 
 gu ; cattle used in tilling the soil, cih ke"; to 
 plow with the tongue; to teach for a living. 
 
 ke" 120 To weave. 
 
 70 12 ke" p6; to weave cloth, ke"- 
 po kui ; a loom. ke" khu lu" c2,i ; it is 
 
 very finely woven. ke" ix hue-jl ; woven in 
 
 figui'es. 
 
 >^^^ ke" 120 The warp of a web in the 
 ^ yrl 404 ~T~ loom ; what runs lengthwise; 
 the meridians of longitude. si ke" p6 hui ; 
 
 silk warp and linen woof. cang si lai co tit 
 
 kai ke", cang mi"-se lai cp hue" kai hui ; take 
 silk for the warp, and cotton for the woof. 
 16-ke"; a compass. i pi kai lo-ke" khu thoi" 
 
 sua"; he took a compass and went to locate a 
 grave. 
 
 ke" 123 A thick broth; pottage ; por- 
 
 322 9 ridge. 
 CO kai ke" pfig ; make rice porridge ; dainties 
 offered to parents on their birthdays. hoi- 
 
 ke"; crab soup. cap gueh ke" chai coi ; there 
 are all sorts of edibles in the tenth month. 
 
 ke" 73 A watch of the night, two 
 
 321 3 hours in length, 
 sa" ke" pua" me"; in the dead of night. ang 
 ke"; the first watch, beginning at dark, lii co- 
 ni khu kau si ngo ke" ? Why were you gone 
 till near morning ? i jl ke" cu ut ; in the 
 second watch, between nine and eleven o'clock, 
 he went to sleep. sia"-lau sui phiJa" ke"-k6 
 
 liwn cai ; though the tower be dilapidated the 
 watchman is still there. 
 
 ke" 53 The seventh of the ten stems; 
 
 321 6 years. 
 i no nang tang ke"; the two are of the same 
 age. iii kui ke" ? How old are you ? sim- 
 mih ni ke" poih ji ? What are the eight 
 cyclic characters which express the time of 
 bis birth ? 
 
 II 
 
 ke" 195 To stick in the throat. 
 
 322 T ke" tieh hfi kut ; got a fish- 
 bone in his throat, i si khut ah kut ke" tteh; 
 he was choked by a bit of bone from the duck, 
 ke" to tiu-leng ko, boi tit loh ; stuck in hia 
 throat and would not go down. kut tieh cai 
 niu tio, m-ho khut i ke" tieh ; you must pick 
 the bones out (after you have put the food in 
 your mouth) and not get choked by thera. i 
 kai ciah li'o ia m-iii ke" tieh ; he takes it and 
 does not fear its sticking in his throat ; ho 
 takes what he likes without regard to future 
 consequences. 
 
 ke" 75 The petiole ; the midrib of a 
 
 322 7 leaf, 
 tiam kit ke"; sweet lime stems. ci ie" ieh si 
 
 ai° eng ke" a si ai" eng hieli ? Is the leaf or the 
 petiole made use of for this medicine ? 
 
 >^?| ke" 60 A by-way ; a path ; a short 
 
 ;l^ 407 y cut. 
 
 khui cek tio lo-ke"; open a road, lu khu thoi", 
 thdi" sim-mih ke"-lQ ; you go and see what soi't 
 of path there is. ci'a miia-ti-kp kai lo-ke" phe- 
 phah lai cii ho ; the roads about here are well 
 planned. ceng sa" ke" hue ; planted three 
 
 rows of flowers. 
 
 — keb — 
 
 keh 177 To degrade from office; to 
 
 428 ~0~ dismiss, 
 keh tio mia"; strike his name off the roll, i si 
 ge-mng kai keh hiah, in-ui go kong su keh-tho 
 kai ; he is a constable who has been dismissed 
 on account of having blundered in public busi- 
 ness, keh cell, hue ke ; degraded in office 
 and sent home. i"-keng chut keh-tio li'o ; has 
 already issued a notice of dismissal, keh tio i 
 kai hiang ; take away his allowance. in-ui 
 sim-mih su pun kua" keh iio ne ? Why did the 
 magistrate dismiss him from his post ? 
 
 keh 120 A step in a ladder or stairs. 
 
 394 4 tah-po-cang ai" co kui keh ? 
 How many steps will you make in the stairs ? 
 cek keh cek keh khua"-khua° peh, m-hp puah ; 
 go up slowly step by step, and do not fall. 
 
 JW keh 130 The diaphragm ; inability 
 
 1^ 428 10 to eat. 
 nang kai sim-hui hu e cek teng keh-moh cia 
 to ko ; below the heart and lungs there is a 
 midriff stretched across. heng kek kp thia"; 
 a pain in the pit of the stomach. i u kai 
 
 keh ciah kai pe"; his food disagrees with him. 
 khai heng, li keh ; to settle the stomach. 
 
280 
 
 Dictionary of tsb swatow dulkc*. 
 
 t# 
 
 keh 75 A space bounded by Btraight 
 426 6 lines ; a limit ; a pattern ; 
 a rule. 
 
 keh gua si un ; bestow extra kindness, ci koi" 
 chu kai koi° keh coi ; this house has many 
 rooms. ci khi kng jieh coi keh ? How many 
 spaces on this sheet containing lines between 
 which characters are to be written ? keh- 
 
 sek; a pattern. keh-kek soi° phah h(5 h'o 
 
 c\a" Isii kill ; first lay the plan and then build, 
 tieh thoi" i kai kut keh, cia" cai ; must watch 
 bim narrowly, then we shall know, i kai kut- 
 keh hd ; the indications are that his nature is 
 good. ci k&i j! sfa chut lai fl kut-keh ; these 
 letters are written with fine bold strokes. cia 
 mixeh bo kut b6 keh ; this thing has no distinct 
 divisions and joinings. k6h co sa" keh ; divide 
 it into three spaces. tIeh khleh mueh teh 
 
 kin cia" boi cau keh ; you must set something 
 on it, then it will not get out of place. sia 
 tie" ciia kh6-keh ; make a sheet of squares 
 for writing Chinese letters. pi^ng t6 tl c6k 
 
 keh ? Which space shall I put it in ? c6 c6k 
 keh cek keh ; make spaces divided from each 
 other by straight lines, sang p6i° nQ kai keh ; 
 a compartment on each of the two sides. 
 
 To intervene ; to interpose ; 
 separated ; a partition ; next 
 
 keh 170 
 
 427 10 
 to ; parted. 
 
 sie keh piah ; having the same partition wall, 
 keh cek liah hng ; a span apart. keh tSng 
 
 ch!e" tia^-tia"; separated by a wall only. keh 
 jit cu lai ; came after a day had elapsed. keh 
 ke no jit ; after a lapse of two days. keh cSk 
 m6"; stopped there and spent the night. tin- 
 tang keh c6k tio ciii ; a stream of water inter- 
 posed, keh-piet coi ni lio ; separated for 
 many years. chwn bo c<5-keh ; no obstacle 
 interposes, keh khu hng ; lying far apart. c6 
 keh piah ; sit side by side, keh kai chring-Ie°; 
 across a field. keh kai sua"; divided by a 
 mountain. keh khoi th6i" cua nih mak ; see- 
 ing a snake wink from across a river. keh 
 hai ; on the other side the sea. 
 
 keh 64 To strike; to attack ; to ward 
 
 427 6 off a blow, 
 i si iu keh-to ti mia"; he lost his life in a brawl. 
 kia°-jit nang lai phiia mia" iia", si keh-suah 
 kai ; the case that is brought forward to-day, 
 is that of a man slain in a brawl. keh-suah 
 kai le si kui pia"-pang, a si kui hia" pang ? Is 
 the case of a murder in a brawl carried before 
 the military tribunal or before the provincial 
 branch of the Board of Punishment ? 
 
 JCM keh 170 To obstruct ; to embarrass ; 
 ITO 427 10 to hinder, 
 ko-keh ; to delay, to impede. keh to hu-ko 
 
 jieh kii, boi tit chut ; was hindered there for 
 ever so long and could not get away. khut i 
 keh kin tC kp; was completely stopped by it. 
 
 m. 
 
 keh 162 To resist ; to oppose ; con- 
 
 , 63(5 6 tumacious. 
 
 i mai" k6h tleh lia ; he must not oppose me. 
 md kio i keh ; do not put yourself in opposition 
 to him. md keh i kdi i ; do not go counter to 
 his wishes. keh tieh i cii m hku"; if yon are 
 refractory he will not consent. kdh hi"; to 
 
 offend the ear. koh raflk ; displease the eye. 
 keh ciii si ; go against the current. kio t8-H 
 sie kSh ; go contrary to correct doctrine. 
 
 i^ 
 
 kSh 64 To fend off ; to ward off. 
 
 427 6 i kai thui khu kOli khui i kiii 
 to; he warded off the knife with his club, 
 khia ki pS-th&u to kio i keh ; took a pitchfork 
 and was warding it off with that. cang to 
 
 chiu khu k6h khui i k&i kun-th&a ; made use of 
 his left hand to ward off the blows from their 
 fists, cek ki ke-hue kOh i ka-a ki ; warded off 
 several weapons with one. 
 
 kek 62 A lance with two points. 
 
 392 8 chie" to kiam kek ; spears, 
 knives, swords, and lances. sai kek; wield a 
 lance. ue-kek ; a halberd with a crescent 
 
 shaped blade on the side. 
 
 M 
 
 kek 78 To leave to perish ; to cast off. 
 
 393 8 hua" nftng kek tio i ; they all 
 repudiated him. i khut n&ng kek tio lio boi 
 tit tng lai, to hu-ko si khu; being cast off 
 by them, he could not return, and died there, 
 khut hie"-li hiie kek tio, khu kue hwn ; being 
 exiled by the people of his village, he went to 
 foreign parts. 
 
 kek 164 To brew. 
 
 631 17 kek ciu ; to distill liquors, 
 kek ciu thang ; brewers' vats, cek tau bi kek 
 ii jieh coi ciu ? How much whiskey is made 
 from one peck of rice ? 
 
 mi 
 
 kek 85 To rouse the feelings ; to 
 395 13 impel ; to excite ; to vex ; to 
 beat on ; to set back, as water; to turn a current, 
 kek i se" khi ; makes him angry. i m nSi 
 
 nang kek ; he cannot bear being irritated, 
 khut nang ce kek tieh i cii khu co ; if he is 
 urged on by anybody he will go and do it. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THU: SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 231 
 
 kek kka i hwn ; worried him about it till he 
 changed his mind. kua" kek, m!n pien ; 
 
 his countenance changes, as his feelings are 
 ■wrought upon. i ta° kui ku ue, ta" kiiu kek- 
 liet cai ; he said a few words, speaking most 
 vehemently, sai kaa i kai sim kam-kek ; ex- 
 asperated him. m cang ue kek, i to in kheng 
 khu CO ; if he is not incited to it, he well never 
 do it. i kai cui kek cie" lau-teng eng ; the 
 
 water is made to ascend to the second storey 
 for use there. kek cui-tang ; pipes in which 
 water is forced upward. kek tai pien ; to 
 
 Btrain at stool. 
 
 kek 9 kek-chok ; cramped ; straight- 
 JPJ 456 7 ened. khah kek-chok 16; it is 
 too short a time to do it in. lu ca li iii ta", ta" 
 kek-kek chok-chok co cai tit chut? You did 
 not speak of it beforehand, and now when there 
 is no time to do it in, how can it be done? 
 hi'a ti-hng lia thoi" tieh khah kek-chok ; the 
 space appears to me to be much too narrow. 
 
 kek 75 A summons to arms ; to give 
 203 13 oi'ders requiring haste, 
 chia" nfing co phien kek-bun ; ask some one to 
 draw up an exciting proclamation. mxia"- 
 
 ti-kp tah kek-bun ; posted up official placards 
 everywhere. kek kQi" che hok ; order the 
 
 disti-ict magistrate to examine and reply. 
 
 kek 140 Flowers with a broad disk 
 457 8 and numerous petals, 
 kek-hue ; the chrysanthemum, kek gueh ; the 
 ninth moon, when the chysanthemum blossoms. 
 m6"-am lai khu hu-kp, ciah cm si'e" kek-hue ; 
 let us go there at dusk, to drink wine and 
 enjoy the beauty of the chrysanthemums. 
 
 kek 64 To rouse to action; to attack. 
 395 13 i td cp ia-kek ; he acts as 
 lieutenant-colonel. 
 
 "hitl kek 75 The utmost point; the verge; 
 ^^ 393 8 extreme, 
 kek coi ; the greatest number. kek bio ; the 
 profoundest mystery. kek chim ; the very 
 
 deepest, lam kek ; the south pole, pak kek ; 
 the north pole. lu ta° lai kek si; what you 
 gay is exactly so. cp kua", cp kau kek phfn ; 
 became an officer, of the very highest rank. 
 i thia" tieh kek hna"-hi ; when he heard it 
 he was exceedingly pleased, m-ho khi-hti kau 
 i cap kek bp lo ; you must not drive him to 
 extremities. kau kek hug kai ti-hng ; to the 
 remotest lands, thai-kek ; the ^Jri'mMW mobile. 
 ue kai thai-kek ; draw the Chinese symbol of 
 the dual powers. 
 
 kek 44 A game, as of draughts or 
 . f\J 456 4 chess ; an undertaking ; an 
 enterprise or a committee to oversee it; a com- 
 pany, an association, or the place where their 
 proceedings are carried on ; complete ; to in- 
 veigle. k§k gua kai nang ; a neutral ; a looker 
 on; one not concerned in the plan. tng kek 
 cia mi", phang kwn cia tia"; the dullest are 
 those who are playing the game, the most 
 clear-headed are the lookers on. khui cek k3,i 
 kong kek; open a public office, cong kek ; the 
 governor's or president's office. hun kek ; a 
 branch office. sien au kek ; bureaus for the 
 management of subsequent proceedings, cin- 
 ci-kek; a soup-house for the poor. pd-ang- 
 kek ; a benevolent association, ui-kek ; a hos- 
 pital, boi tit h'o kek ; cannot bring it about, 
 sim-mih kak-kek ? What are the results ? kui 
 kek si cp-ni ? When the end is reached, what 
 then ? i i"-keDg seng kek h'o ; he has accom- 
 plished his purpose. khi lai hwn-lio m cia" 
 
 kek-sio, lai kau-nie leng-ua" phah chii kgk; the 
 plan is not yet fully carried out in the building, 
 so let us consider the expediency of changing 
 it. ci kai keh kek khi khi lai cu ngia ; if it 
 were built upon this plan it would be beautiful, 
 chu-kek ; a plan of a house. miii" jin kek ; a 
 lure ; a stool-pigeon, thoi" i siet sim-mih kSk 
 chut lai ; see what plan he brings forward, 
 cia si siet kek kai ; this is a bait put out. 
 th6i"i pai kai sim-mih kek ; see what sort of 
 allurement he sets forth. boi jip i kai kSk ; 
 does not fall in with his purposes, phien kek; 
 a trick, cia si ca kek kai ; this is a stratagem, 
 no nang chwn-kek kai; what the two have 
 leagued together for. kek-si i"-keng seng; the 
 plan has succeeded. ca kek chut lai kai ; the 
 outcome of the scheme, ieh kek ; a dispensary, 
 i i"-keng tau-meng kek sin hue ; he has already 
 reported to the gentlemen who form the com- 
 pany, thoi" tieh sie kek ne ; it appears to be 
 very compactly arranged, i kai khvvn toa kgk 
 toa kek; it is on an extensive scale, thiig-kek; 
 the Sugar Company, kek teng ; the employes 
 of a company. thoi" phaa i kai kek ; see 
 
 through his scheme. i kai kek khut via phah 
 phixa ; his plan was spoiled by me. hua-ang 
 kek ; a Peace Society, i kiii hiie-ki kap-kong 
 lai khui thng-kek ; the several partners joined 
 in opening a Sugar-Refinery. 
 
 — keng — 
 keng 154 To exert one's self ; to put 
 ^«-> 675 14 forth strength to the utmost, 
 lai sie tau keng, keng thoi" ti-tiang ia"; let us 
 pit ourselves against each other and see who ia 
 the strongest, liiam-hiam keng m khu; it came 
 
232 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 near being beyond my etrengtb. keng kau 
 
 ie ku-ku ; benfc under tbe effort, miii" ciab 
 
 pa, cu 1(5 keng lak; do not eat all you can hold, 
 
 wiien testing your strength to tho uttermost. 
 
 keng 73 To alter ; to change ; to 
 321 8 rearrange. 
 Ill ai" co-ni keng-koi ? What alterations are 
 you going to make ? keng-ek co cie"-8e" keng 
 ho ; to change it and make it thus would be 
 better. keng i, ua" phftu ; change his attire. 
 
 ^^J^^ keng 120 To manage; to plan ; what 
 /Jlil 404 7 is regular, orderly, or 
 standard ; canons ; manuals ; to pass through, 
 by, or across. 
 
 i mia"-ko kong-iong; ho is apt in tho calcula- 
 tion of ways and means. i td tng keng-sfing ; 
 he is the head clerk in a district yamun, keng- 
 thia"; chief secretary in a prefect's yamun. xia 
 m ceng keng chfu ; it did not go through my 
 hands. si ua keng chfu c6 kfti ; it went 
 
 through my hands. cf kla" su bo keng kiio 
 
 lia ktii chfu, lia iIi cai ; this affair did not come 
 under my management and I do not know, 
 keng lia kai m&k thoi'-ki"; passed under my 
 eye. cia su lii pat keng kue me ? Have you 
 looked this matter over ? llam keng ; to 
 
 chant a liturgy, thak keng ; read the standard 
 works. cia si thong keng 16k kfti ieh ; this 
 
 medicine is one that goes through all tho blood 
 vessels. i si m pat keng kue su kfti n&ng ; 
 
 he is one who has had no experience in affairs. 
 ci thang keng hiii ham ti-tiang chut ? Who is 
 to be called upon to meet the regular outlay 
 this time ? cf kia° su m si da keng-kwn kiii ; 
 this matter is outside my jurisdiction. su in 
 si pat keng kue, to iTi cai kang-kho ; not having 
 experienced this he does not know its hardship, 
 ci kai nang si u tS,i keng ci ; this is a man of 
 deep learning. ci cek piie nang mill su to 
 
 keng kue ; these people have passed through 
 all sorts of experiences. gueh keng ; the 
 
 menses, tng keng ; the change of life. keng 
 kue hwn-lvvn, keng kue ciii-cai, keng kue toa 
 ki-hng; passed through a civil war, through 
 a flood, and througti famine. cia si cJa''-keng 
 kai su; this is what happens in the regular 
 course of things. tu hia jui cia° cu keng kjii 
 gua, pat ie" ci" i m ka*" ai"; he will not dare 
 ask for any more than the regular allowance. 
 
 I — i keng 57 A bow ; a bow-shot. 
 
 ' V 461 "O^ thau ho kai tSng keng jieh 
 CO! kun ? How many pounds weight is required 
 to draw the largest of these cross-bows ? i 
 
 mia"-ke khui nge keng ; he is expert in the 
 drawing of stiff bows ; he can manage people. 
 
 keng kio ci" kdi khin i^ng tieh phue lib kiie 
 cia" hd eng; tho weight of the arrow must 
 correspond with that of the bow, then they are 
 servicable. ci ki keng kiii kai lak ? How 
 
 much strength is required to draw this bow ? 
 keng la kau mua"-niua°; diaw a bow to its 
 utmost stretch, ci ki si be keng a si po keng ? 
 Is this such a bow as is used by the cavalry, 
 or by the infantry ? khui keng i7i pang c'l"; 
 stretch the bow without shooting the arrow ; 
 empty threats. i to ia° teng ciah keng-ci" 
 
 hiaiig; he is in camp, living on his pay as an 
 archer, lai clang thoi'' ci-ko jieh coi keng po ; 
 come and measure and see how many bow-shots 
 it is. eng keng-clang lii clang; measure it by 
 bow-shots. keng clang ; keng po ; a wooden 
 square for marking off land. i t<5 khui keng- 
 ci" ph6 ; he keeps a shop for the sale of bows 
 and arrows, keng to ; a quiver. keng hi"; a 
 a Low-string. tau cp kfii keng ; bend and 
 fasten it in tho shape of a bow. keng pii ; tho 
 curve of a bow. cle" keng hl°; to string a bow. 
 
 ^7>C keng-tTik The beginning of spring, 
 /.^ G7 from the .5th to the 20tli 
 
 of March. keng-t^k lui ; spring thunder 
 
 showers. keng-t6k bOe kue lui soi° hi'ang; you 
 will always hear thunder before spring sets in. 
 
 keng 40 A palace ; a mansion ; an 
 4G2 7 ancestral temple, 
 {iang keng ; the palace. keng t6i°; grand 
 
 buildings ; state edifices. keng-bie ; a temple, 
 cia" keng huang-ho ; the Empress. phah 
 
 loll ne keng ; sent to the palace for discarded 
 concubines. keng hui ; imperial concubines, 
 keng ngo miii" nng; keng nng ; keng jin; maids 
 in the palace, oh keng ; a college. 
 
 , keng 72 A prospect ; a fine view ; a 
 
 ^K 405 8 good sit€ ; aspect ; circum- 
 stances. 
 
 seng-keng ; picturesque. raiii" keng ; fine 
 
 scenery, kuang-keng; the prospect, lu cie°-si 
 kai kuang-keng jieh ho ? What are your pros- 
 pects at present ? lia cie'-si bo mih ho kuang- 
 keng; my prospects are not now very good, 
 hii kp keng ti ngi'a cfti ; the scenery there is 
 very fine. cia ho lai pai keng ; this should bo 
 displayed to view. clam jip kia keng ; gra- 
 
 dually came to easy circumstances.^ hu-k6 
 
 u sim-mih kuang-keng hp thit-thp me? Are 
 there any sights there for one to go and see ? 
 ia" keng ; a display of tableaux in a procession, 
 liang-sin mui°-keng; fine weather and beautiful 
 scenery. ho me"-keng ; a fine night. poih 
 keng ; the remarkable objects in a place. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DlALKCT. 
 
 238 
 
 ^^^t keng 149 To -warn ; to caution. 
 '^^ 405 13 kdng 81 kai ue ; language 
 tending to reform the age. keng-kai e chu m 
 ka°; warn not to do the same another time, 
 cfa si to keng-che" nang kai ue ; these are 
 words of wai-ning to the people. suah cek, 
 
 keng peh ; executing one deters a hundred. 
 
 keng 32 A boundary ; a limit ; a 
 405 11 region, 
 keng-kai ; the frontier, jio kau kue keng khu ; 
 pursued him beyond the border. siu-sip kau 
 cu si sien-keng; have made it like fairy-land. 
 i k&i keng-ngo hd ; his condition in life is com- 
 fortable, lin keng kai tl-hng u mS? Are there 
 any in the adjacent places ? hah ke'ng pheng- 
 ang ; the whole neighborhood is at peace. 
 
 I — i ke'ng 57 Crescent ; bowed ; arched. 
 
 •V 461 wn-keng ; like a bow ; cur- 
 ved, i kai kha wn-ke'ng wn-keng ne ; he is 
 bow-legged, i sang chi'u wn-keng wn-keng ; 
 his arms are very much curved. 
 
 rfr\ 
 
 - | — I keng 117 Finally ; to go through a 
 JrCd 406 6 matter to the end. 
 km-keng si co-nl ? Sifted to the bottom, what 
 does it amount to ? After all, what is it ? 
 
 keng 66 To honor ; to venerate ; to 
 406 9 show respect to. 
 hau"-keng pe-bp ; reverence one's parents, 
 keng sin si cek kai sim ; veneration for the 
 gods is of the heart. keng ciu ; to respect- 
 
 fully offer a glass of wine, ci'a khah sit keng ; 
 this is too disrespectful. keng sieh ji cua ; 
 
 respect written paper ; when added to hand- 
 bills, it means, " 33o not deface nor tear this 
 down." sin thau tp-to si sia keng khi cia; 
 
 letters generally have some respectful terras 
 written at the beginning. keng-tong ; treat 
 respectfully, to bp much ho lai keng lu ; have 
 nothing to offer you as an expression of my 
 respect for you. chio-theng hwn-li'o si keng 
 lau, cun hien ; even the high officers of govern- 
 ment show respect to the aged, and veneration 
 for the wise, keng p^t nang cu si keng ka-ki; 
 to respect others is to respect one's self. lu li 
 keng nang, nang li keng lu; treat others respect- 
 fully, and others will treat you respectfully. 
 
 keng 73 More ; still more. 
 
 321 3 ci kai keng toa ; this is still 
 larger. cia sui si ho, hia keng hp ; although 
 
 this is good, that is still better. jii-keng ku ; 
 still longer. ju-keng hng ; still farther, cia 
 ^a keng ai°; this I desire yet more. 
 
 • '^^y k^ng 117 To go through a matter to 
 ^iSd 406 6 the end ; finally, 
 i keng bp cek ku ue ; he never said a word. i 
 keng-jieu m hi'o ; after all he did not compre- 
 hend it. 
 
 kgng 116 Impoverished ; the poor. 
 
 420 10 i si khio-keng kai n^ng; 
 they are very poor people. k§ng ke nS,ng; 
 
 poverty stricken people. i ci 2,u keng U'o ; h© 
 has become very poor lately. 
 
 — ki — 
 
 ki 74 A full year of twelve or thir« 
 /VJ 344 8 teen months, 
 ki ni kai ha ; a full year of mourning. i kai 
 thiap cp-ni chut cp ki-hok hu, bp chut cp ciang- 
 ki hu ? How is it that the notice she has issued 
 of her husband's funeral says "mourning" 
 instead of " deep mourning ".? 
 
 ki 38 A handsome girl or woman. 
 
 336 8 ki-chiap; a concubine, cia si i 
 lai kai ki-chiap hiie ; this is one of his concu- 
 bines, i lai u jieh c5i kai kp-ki ? How many 
 singing-girls do they keep ? 
 
 T^ip. ki 75 Changes ; motions; the origin 
 ^/^ 333 J 2 or spring of ; a principle ; a 
 natural cause. 
 
 ki-hue; an occasion, an opportunity, a chance, 
 u sim-mih ki-hue a bd ? Is there any favorable 
 opening for it or not ? seng ci kai ki-hue ; 
 
 avail ourselves of this opportunity. ci hue u 
 hp ki-hue ; there is just now a good chance, 
 chue thoi" u ki-hue a bp ; find out whether 
 thei'e is a favorable opportunity. ki-kwn ; 
 
 designs, intentions, motives. ci kai ki-kwn 
 
 chien ; the design is very transparent. lia 
 
 thoi" phua i kai ki-kwn ; I see through his 
 design, u kien-sek kai nang ki" ki ju cak ; an 
 experienced person sees his chance and improves 
 it at the right moment. cia sit cS,i si sin 
 
 ki mio sng ; this is indeed a marvelous con- 
 ti'ivance. sit ci kai ki-hi5e khd-sieh cai ; it 
 
 is a great pity that this chance should be lost. 
 i kai nang thien-ki cS,i ; he has a natural bent 
 toward thought and meditation. thien-ki m 
 hp siap-lau ; the decrees of fate are not to be 
 divulged. ki-kha; dextrously, skillfully ; 
 
 shrewd, astute, clever. knn-ki-chii; the 
 
 General Council of State. eng cin sim ki ; 
 
 using every power of mind for its accomplish- 
 ment, sien ki to bp siap-lau ; destiny is not 
 divulged, cia si ki-cie°-peh, a si sin-hue-tiu ? 
 Is this Swatow grass-cloth or Cantonese grass- 
 cloth ? i k§.i ki-pien peh chut ; his device is 
 
234 
 
 DICTIONXni OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 divulged. bo ki su ; not having that which 
 would tend to the accomplishment of it. kun- 
 ki tai-chin ; the members of the Council of 
 State, bo ki hd seng ; no opportunity to avail 
 one's self of. ki klu kek ; a machine shop. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ki 75 A branch; a twig; a classifier of 
 55 4 slender things, such as knives, 
 pencils, spears, and needles, 
 chlu ki ; a branch of a tree, hue ki ; flowering 
 twigs. a, cek ki lui chah ; break off a stem 
 
 to put in the hair. chlu ccng li'o hwt siin, 
 
 hvvt hieh, pun a, pun ki, khui hue, kitci; after 
 a tree is planted it puts forth sprouts and 
 leaves, and divides into forks and branches, 
 and then blossoms and bears fruit, tba cek ki 
 kun khu pheng chak ; lead a detachment of 
 troops to quell the insurgents. i ki ke-hiie 
 
 ngc cJli, cek ki ho thfii ia" cftp ki ; his weapons 
 are very hard, so that one of them will outlast 
 ten other ones in a fight. i Ifing-ua" piet se" 
 ki cak chut lA,i; it has again sprouted up. ki 
 si ; a spoon, ki tek-ko ; a bamboo pole. ki 
 si"; a fan. no ki ciap co cek ki ; splice the 
 
 two together lengthwise. hiah to chlu ki ; 
 
 perched on the branch of a tree, ci ki pia"-be 
 fl jieh coi nang ? How many men are there in 
 this detachment of troops ? bo lu cf ki tek- 
 ki'a", cu pak m cia" pai ! And you suppose that 
 if we do not have this little bamboo pole of 
 yours we cannot then make up the raft ! kku 
 ki sam ; a whole stick of timber. kau ki cu 
 
 khia khu; went off with the whole stick, cek 
 ki ku CO no kueh ; saw it in two. ciig ki co ce 
 uu khu ; the whole stick has decayed through- 
 out its length. cek ki kha ceng kau toa-toa 
 ki ; his leg has swollen up very large, i ki phi" 
 ngia" cS,i ; he has a handsome nose. ki chia 
 chun chut hu kio sam-kia" hie" toa; he stretched 
 out an arm as large as a small log. 
 
 n iN ki 25 To ask the spirits to decide ; 
 r I 335 8 to seek counsel or aid of spirits, 
 ki tieh co-ni t-a"? What advice did you get 
 from the spirits ? ci'a si to lau-ia ko ki ksu ; 
 this is what was obtained through consultation 
 with the god. khu sin kp ki lai, li ta° ho ; 
 
 went and consulted the spirits, and got an 
 aflSrmative response. 
 
 f~*l ki 5 To seek counsel or aid of spirits 
 Pl L 335 5 by a stylus ; a stick used to 
 write charms in the dust. 
 
 lau-ia kang ki ; the god descends to the me- 
 dium of communication with him. phah ti- 
 tiang CO tang-ki ? Of whom is he going to take 
 possession ? ua thoi"-ki'' kai tang-ki chok- 
 
 ch6k thio; I saw a spirit-medium careening 
 along, ki sien ; to consult the fairy. hu ki ; 
 to wiite a charm on a table covered with dust 
 or ashes by allowing the hand to move itself. 
 
 ki 82 A basis ; a foundation ; a point 
 
 336 8 d'appui. 
 tl-ki thun ho a hue ? Is the site for it yet 
 filled in ? ki-ci Q jieh khuah ? How broad is 
 the base ? clu kii ki-cf Idi khi; build on the 
 old foundations, chang-lip ki-ngiap ; to found 
 an estate. ci ko ti si i soi" tiang-.si kai chu- 
 ki ; this is the site of his former hou.se. teng 
 ki ; ascend the throne ; come into power, 
 huang-ti khi-thau teng ki ; when the emperor 
 first ascended the throne. tung khai-ki kai 
 
 huang-ti kau ta" kui k&i huang-t\ ? How many 
 emperors have there been from the first of this 
 dynasty until now ? khai-ki co ; the founder 
 of a dynasty. tftng soi" i°-keng bo sira-mih 
 
 ki-tl ; from the first, it has had no sound basis, 
 hu kfii a-no"-kia" bo sira-mih kun-ki, cf kai a- 
 no"-kfa° kun-ki cu kien-ku ; that child has not 
 much physical stamina, this one has a consti- 
 tution that can stand a strain. 
 
 ki 118 A hemispherical basket with 
 336 8 ears, 
 pua-ki ; a winnowing basket, pun-ki ; baskets 
 for carrying earth. sa-ki ; a flat round bas- 
 
 ket, tau-ki ; a peck measure, used in rice shops. 
 
 ki 62 Nearly ; about ; a few ; mod- 
 
 333 9 erately ; the recondite parts 
 of a thing or subject. 
 
 i pe" kau ki-hu ai" si ; he is ill and at the point 
 of death. kia' kau ki-ki-hu jit-am th6i°-m- 
 ki" l6, cia" kau ; went on till it was very nearly 
 dark, and we could scarcely see the road, when 
 we arrived. bo ki cu ci", ai" kh'iam i kai mih 
 su ? For so small a sum, why run in debt to 
 him ? hai" kau ta" le, khiam m ki ; having 
 
 made payments along until now, owes no great 
 amount, huang-slang jit li bvvn ki; the emperor 
 daily attends to every kind of affair. 
 
 ki 184 Dearth ; scarcity ; famine ; 
 
 334 T2 hungry. 
 
 hu kai ti-hng toa ki-hng ; there is a famine in 
 that counti'y. ki-hng kai ti-hng u jieh khuah ? 
 Over how wide a region does the famine ex- 
 tend ? cek kok huang ki ; lay up grain 
 against time of dearth. ki-hng kau go si; 
 starved to death through failure of the harvest, 
 ki-hng si-coih kai si-hau ; times of scarcity, 
 phin-khiong kai nang siu ki siu hang, cham 
 cSi : pu kai nang cu io koi, bue ki li cu cin ciah, 
 bue hang li cu cin i ; the poor suffer hunger 
 
DICTIOXARY OF TU\i SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 235 
 
 aud cold and are distressed : the rich have an 
 easier time, for before they are hungry food is 
 brought them and before they are cold tlieir 
 clothes made ready for them to put on. 
 
 ki 118 A broad hair-pin laid across 
 335 6 the back of the head so as 
 to bind aud support the coiffure ; to do up tlie 
 hair in the style of a girl of marriageable age. 
 lu i"-keng kip ki ; she is now of a marriageable 
 age. cu-nie hue cap-ngo hiie cu kia" ki-16i, 
 
 ta-po hue cu kia" k\Vn-16i ; girls of fifteen have 
 their hair dressed in the style for married 
 women, and boys of the same age are capped. 
 
 ki 115 To examine into by compar- 
 1^ 335 10 ing documents, facts, or cir- 
 cumstances. 
 
 bo ho ki-che ; have not the means of investi- 
 gating, ki-che 111 chut ; cannot seai'ch it out. 
 cia sng si bo ki cu thara ; these may be reckoned 
 as unfounded assertions. ki-chak tham kua" 
 u-li ; investigate the wrong doings of covetous 
 officials. bo ko ho ki khan ; have no books 
 
 wherein to hunt out the quotation. 
 
 ki 122 To detain in durance ; a 
 ?^ 335 19 lockup. 
 i to kwn ki-sp ; he has charge of the lockup in 
 a yaraun. kua" liah i khu siu ki ; the magis- 
 trate seized him aud put him in jjiil. i chi'a" 
 iiilng khu kang ki loi ; he has asked some one 
 to go and negociate concerning the amount of 
 money to be presented to the jailor on letting 
 him out. kwn ki kai nang kah ki lai kai lau 
 huam cu ai° htng-ui i ; the jailor and the crimi- 
 nals in the lockup try to torment him. ki 
 kai ; a tablet on which verdicts are written, 
 
 -^^^ ki 149 To mock ; to satirize ; to laugh 
 PJ^ 334 12" at. 
 
 cang ue ki-chng i ; jeered at him. ceng nang 
 to ki-chie i ; they are all deriding him. ki- 
 
 chio ; to ridicule. nang to ki-chi'o i, i thia" m 
 pat to khu ; when people are scoffing at him, 
 he does not understand what they say. 
 
 ki 102 The demesne which in ancient 
 334 10 times pertained to the Em- 
 peror ; it measured a thousand li on each side, 
 the court being in the centre ; the court. 
 kia"-ki ; the capital, the region about the 
 palace. kia"-ki kai ti-hng io ngiam-sok ; in the 
 vicinity of the Imperial palace, the regulations 
 are strict. 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 ki 130 
 334 2 
 pOih trik se" ki ; 
 produce firm flesh. 
 
 The flesh or firm muscle 
 under the skin, 
 draw out the poison and 
 ki-hu s6i-ji ; of fine firm 
 
 fiber ; mu.scular; brawny. 
 
 -h^ ki 04 Toindicateby pointing toward. 
 4P9 57 6 i to ki ci ki hd ; he is pointing 
 hither and thither, hi lai ki khu ; point back 
 and forth. lu ki via thoi"; you point it out to 
 me. thoi" i ki tue ti-ko khu ; see where he 
 
 points. theng ki ; point at random, ki tang 
 ki sai ; pointing indiscriminately. k6 llo ko 
 kau si, bue la sai-kong cek e ki ; you may 
 work yourself to death making paper articles, 
 but you can't make too many for a priest to 
 dispose of at one wave of his hand. 
 
 Eki 49 One's self; myself; private, 
 337 personal, special, 
 cfl-ki; one's self. cu-ki ai" kai ; what I my- 
 self desire. lu lia sng si ti ki pheng-iu ; you 
 and I may be reckoned as friends who know 
 each other. ua" hun siu ki ; attend to one's 
 own special duties, khwn put iu ki; I am not 
 my own master, thai nang ju ki; treat others 
 as you would yourself be treated. ceng ci" m 
 sieh, ki ci" bo ; if you are not saving of the 
 common fund, your own shax-e will he missing. 
 
 1 r ki 16 A bench or low table. 
 ^ U 337 lia ai° co tie" ki-chiig; I want 
 a small low table made. te ki; a tea-poy. 
 
 khang ki ; a low table, placed on a divan, to 
 lean upon, phue ki ; small stands used upon a 
 couche. kha-biie-ki; a lamp-stand to set at 
 
 the foot of a bed. 
 
 S^^ ki 120 A year; a period of twelve 
 ^hLi 337 3 years ; annals; to write down, 
 i kim ni ii sim-mih ni-ki? What is liis age 
 now ? i kai ni-ki io khin, m pi i si ni-ki lau ; 
 he is still rather young, and it is not as if he 
 was aged. ki-l6k cek chii ; honorably record- 
 ed in the Civil Office, ceng siu cek ki; added 
 twelve more years to his life, i si co sie keng- 
 ki kai nang ; he is one who trades in a small 
 way. ni ki ce lau-toa mih su cu co m lai ; 
 
 when advanced in years, one can do nothing. 
 
 it 
 
 ki 149 A partner ; an assistant ; 
 338 2 a comrade, 
 pho lai eng kiii kai hue-ki ? How many clerks 
 are employed in the shop ? ci kai seng-li si ka- 
 ki kai, a si kio nang co hvie-ki ; is this business 
 wholly your own, or have you a partner in it ? 
 cek hiie-ki i"-keng thiah chut khu; one partner 
 has withdrawn from the firm. 
 
23G 
 
 DICTIONART OF TBB 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 •^il| ki 149 To record ; to register ; to fix 
 
 nu 
 
 , 340 ~3~ in the mind. 
 
 i kai mia" ki-l6k to ko ; his name is registered. 
 cb kai ki-ho ; make a written sign. sia" cu 
 
 teng tt ki; it is written in the holy books. ci 
 kia" 6U kia" teng cb-ni ki ? What is written in 
 the scriptures in regard to this ? ua ia-si 
 
 kfang ki sa" kue cu pat ; if I read it over three 
 times with my mind firmly fixed upon it I shall 
 know it. mien-kiang lai ki ; force one's self 
 to keep a thing in mind. lia buang-ki khi ; 
 1 have forgotten it. ki-llam ; to bear in mind. 
 
 k\ 71 An adverb of time ; when ; 
 
 339 7 since ; already ; a sign of the 
 past tense. 
 
 ki si cie°-8e" cu tieh cai ; since it is thus, it is 
 best to know it. ki-jien jii ch6, m^i" ik" ; 
 
 it being thus, say nothing about it. ki si 
 
 th6i°-ki", co-nS rn pat i ? Since you have seen 
 him why do you not know him ? cfa sng si ki 
 liang k&i pu; this is something that is past and 
 gone, ki u ci kfi.i su Iti c6-ni ni ta"? Since this 
 condition of things exists, why do you not say 
 so ? ki-jien bI hku", c6-ni hwn lio td tau khie ? 
 Since he assents to it, why is he still putting 
 impediments in the way ? ki-keng kua"-hii 
 sfm kue kui chu c6-ni b6i tit ? Seeing that the 
 magistrate has already had the case before him 
 several times why is it not settled ? 
 
 ki 120 A line of succession in kin- 
 338 14 dred ; to continue on, as one 
 taking the duties or place of another ; to adopt 
 an heir ; successively; hereditary, 
 ki b<5 ; a step-mother, or an adopted mother. 
 ki sit ; a second wife. si ki chu kai bo ; it is 
 the wife that was taken in addition to one 
 already married. cek ki b6 no ki ; only one 
 can occupy the second place, i kai soi kai kfa" 
 kue ki pun i a-hia" ; he passed his youngest 
 son over to his elder brother, to be his heir, 
 i hu cek pang-thS,u ki in phu, kau kiii c&p ni 
 a,u cia° ki tit khi ; that branch of the family 
 did not increase in numbers through the 
 adopted heir, until after several tens of years, 
 when it flourished through the young clans- 
 men adopted, ci k&i ki'a" ki tit khi i a-pe kai 
 ci ; this son carries out his father's plans, ci'a 
 ki i a-pe kai su, ki m khi ; this one is not able 
 to fill his father's place. 
 
 Jdb^ ki 104 A mole ; black or red spots 
 yil^ 61 7 on the body. 
 i kai min teng cek liap ki ; she has a mole on 
 her face, si o ki a si ang ki ? Is it a black or a 
 brown mole ? ki teng kah no tio mo" hph tng ; 
 there are two long hairs growing from the mole. 
 
 m 
 
 ki 75 The game of chess, played 
 343 8 with thirty-two men ; games 
 similar to chess. 
 
 nan l&i teh ki ; let us play chess. si ki" teh 
 
 chle"-k!, a teh ui-ki ? Shall we play chess or 
 draughts ? ui-ki ; a game played with 360 
 
 pieces, on a board with 361 squares. ki p6 ; 
 the moves in chess. ci pd ki toi" cfii ; that 
 
 was a first rate move. ci po ki kla° klm kku, 
 cu ciah tieh i cek liap ; by this move you will 
 take one of his men. phah ki-kek, kia" pO si 
 &ng soi", o &u ; in laying out a game of chess, 
 the red moves first, and the black next. lia 
 
 pai kai ki kek lii phah ; I will lay out a problem 
 in cbesH for you to solve. tfi" cSk po, ki tla"- 
 tla" cQ su ; if you make but one false move you 
 will lone the game. i k&i ki io toi", lu k&i kt 
 teh i m kue ; he is a better player than yon, 
 and yon cannot win the game against him. 
 Id Q ki-pAa" li b6 ki-cf, lia Q ki-cf li b6 ki-piia'; 
 you have a chess-board, but no men : I have 
 chess-men, but no board, ta" cf cSk tieh kl cu 
 cuah t6a-b(5-m6eh ; this set of chess-men now 
 lacka ever so many of being complete. Id kfti 
 ki hd iile i u cSk liap cf ; in the game played 
 you should give him a man. phk"-ki la ii sin 
 sien po ; even in the game of fox-and-geese 
 there are deep moves, hiia ki ; a drawn game. 
 &i)g s^ng ; the red won. cek hu ki ci ; a set of 
 chess-men. ki bd chiang kun ; one does not 
 repeatedly check with the same move. i k&i 
 ki sf lio ; he ia check-mated. 
 
 "^ll^ ki 70 A flag, a banner, a standard. 
 /t^ 344 10 ki-kua"; a flag staff, 
 cek ki ki ; a flag. ki-jin ; baunnerraen. ki- 
 kua" tau ; an ornament at the top of a flag- 
 staff, seng ki ; hoist a flag, ki liu khi khu a 
 bue ? Is the flag run up yet ? lu thoi" ki ceng 
 loh a hue ; see whether the flag is hauled down 
 yet or not. ci ki ki toa ki, oh liu ; this flag 
 being large is diflBcult to hoist, cheng tSu ki; 
 a banner borne ahead, to clear the way for a 
 procession. i k&i ki si sim-mih ho ? What is 
 the device on his banner ? ki-chi pai-liet 
 
 kau chiam-chiam ; flags and streamers ranged 
 at symmetrical distances. i k^i cun chah a 
 
 ki ; their boat carries a flag. i td khia cong 
 tui ki ; he carries the regimental flag. si- 
 
 pang ki ; oblong flags. 6a''-kak ki ; triangular 
 flags. ki-leng thia"; the head-quarters of the 
 commander, hue-ki-kok ; a common name for 
 the United tates. Stai-cheng-kok kai ki-ho si 
 eng sa"-kak ng ki, tin-tang ue leng kai ; the 
 Chinese flag is a yellow triangular one, with a 
 dragon in the centre. ngo sek ki ; a many 
 
 colored flag. mo°-hd° cue ai° kS, khia toa Id 
 
DICTIONARt OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 287 
 
 k&i ; tbe tiger always falls upon the chief flag- 
 bearer. ki-jin si hun cp poih ki ; the banner- 
 men are divided into eight corps. 
 
 ki 64 Skill ; dexterity. 
 
 347 4 i c§k chiu hd kl g5i ; he is very 
 dextrous. lai thoi" nang pliali ki fong ; come 
 and see these sleight of hand performances. 
 ta° to hSng tit th6i''-ki" nang khu cin cap ki ; 
 we now Seldom see one who is dextrous in all 
 the various sorts of physical exercises. 
 
 yfJ^ ki 9 Clever, talented. 
 IX. 341 4 ki-kba ; ingenious, thoi" i ti'en 
 sim-mih ki-li'ang chut lai ; see what talent he 
 displays. 
 
 ki 38 A courtesan ; a singing-girl. 
 341 4 ki-nng; a prostitute. i si to 
 tng ki kai nang ; she is one who gets her living 
 by vice. ki-kwn ; a brothel. i si to ki-kwn 
 chut sin ; she came out of a brothel. 
 
 f—^j ki 61 To shun ; to avoid ; to keep 
 ^ild\ 340 T aloof from; to dislike; a shrink- 
 ing from ; jealous ; antipathy, 
 ko-ki; envy; jealousy, i kai naug ko-kl cSi; he is 
 of a very jealous disposition, mih su to si ko- 
 ko ki-ki ; is jealous about to all sorts of things. 
 i siang teng ki i ; she has the greatest dread 
 of him. m cai ki i mih su; do not know why 
 he shuns him. i sim si ki nang ii ch&i-ch^ng ; 
 he is very envious of other people's ability, co 
 mih su to bo ki-tSng ; he acts without respect 
 for anybody. ciie pi-ki ci kia" su; keep as 
 
 far aloof as possible from this sort of thing, ci 
 kia° su to ci kai ti-hng si toa pi-ki kai ; in this 
 region the utmost pains is taken to avoid doing 
 this. peh su bo kim-ki; have no superstitions 
 dread in doing any sort of thing. kia°-jit ki 
 sin, mng-khi-ca co-ni ii hi ; to-day is the anni- 
 versary of the emperor's death, and how was it 
 that there was a play this morning ? ki jit ; 
 to avoid doing something upon a certain day, 
 as the anniversary of a day when a friend died. 
 Q nang co cek kia" su cu ki cie° ki hie", ua Ii 
 long-cong bo ki ; some people, in doing things, 
 shun this and shun that in superstitious fear : 
 as for me I do not shrink from doing things at 
 any time whatever. 
 
 ki 61 Perturbed ; uneasy ; a sudden 
 
 340 8 start. 
 i cie"-si tit kai kia'-ki kai pe"; he has lately a 
 disease arising from nervous agitation. 
 
 IE 
 
 
 — ki" — 
 
 ki" 149 
 
 To note down 
 
 340 8 
 
 remember. 
 
 to record : to 
 
 lia ki" ii sio to kp ; I have it written down in 
 account, cie" jit ci tlo sio m cai ki"; forgot the 
 other day to enter this in account. i 6i ki" 
 
 sio a boi ? Can he keep accounts ? mai" khut 
 i ki" ta" khu ; do not err in recording it. ua 
 ki"-tit to bp Ii ; 1 recollect that there was none, 
 u a, si lu m ki"-tit khu; yes there was some, 
 but you have forgotten it. ci kai nilng ho ki"- 
 chai; this person has a fine memory, thdi" kue 
 kai cu cong-kii ki"-tit ; what he has once seen, 
 he always remembers. ua ki"-tit in cheng- 
 
 chp ; I do not perfectly recollect. ki"-tit ta" 
 khu ; mistook the fact in endeavoring to recall 
 it. i cng kai bp ki"-chai ; he has a very poor 
 memory. ciu si teng-ki" cti boi lau-tio ; set it 
 down at once then it will not slip your mind. 
 
 ^3 ki" 147 To see ; to perceive by the 
 J^Xu 385 senses ; to notice and know 
 what it is ; to visit ; an opinion ; a mental view; 
 appearance of ; impressed by ; seeing, 
 i lai ki" ua ; he came to see me. lu si thia"-ki" 
 a th6i"-ki"? Did you hear it, or see it ? ua Ii 
 chin raak th6i"-ki°, i Ii chin hi" thia"-ki"; I saw 
 it with my own eyes, and he heard it with his 
 own ears. ca chut tau-thai lai sie pai u ki" a 
 bp ki"? The last time the Intendant of Circuit 
 came, was he admitted to the presence of the 
 one he came to visit ? mien ki"; " not at 
 
 home;" to dispense with receiving a visitor, 
 lia ce ki" min cii cai ; as soon as I saw his face, 
 I knew. lu u hp kau ki"? What is your 
 
 opinion 
 
 thoi" m ki", khieh tie" i" lai ki'e 
 
 kha cia" th6i"-ki"; could not see, and got a 
 chair to stand on so that I could see. ra-hp 
 ki" sin, buang ku; in seeing the new forget 
 not the old. cek ki" ju ku ; got acquainted at 
 one interview. lu khu kau tieh kio i ki" loi ; 
 when you arrive you must go and pay your 
 respects to him. ia m ki" sim-mih hp ; I do 
 
 not think it first rate. iS nang cp ki"-ceng a 
 b6 ? Is there any witness to it? raong jit 
 
 mong kua" khu pi ki"; on a certain day a 
 certain ofiicer was admitted to an audience, 
 cie" kia" in ki"; go to Peking to be presented 
 at court, i thoi" tieh ki" gi ; to him it appeared 
 suspicious. in kheng ki" i ; would not admit 
 him to his presence. khp ki" lu si tieh, i si 
 
 m tieh ; it appears that you are right and he is 
 wrong. ciu cie"-se° cu hp ki" chut hp tai ; 
 
 thus its quality may be made apparent. Su 
 
 lai cl kia su u ki" a bp ? Will there be any 
 verification of this hereafter ? ki" tieh cu 
 
 hua"-hi; when he saw it he was much pleased. 
 
238 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT, 
 
 ra ki" mAeh kai nkng ; the loser of the stolen 
 goods, rank hue, thoi" i7i ki"; ray eyes are dim, 
 and I cannot see. ce lS,u, hi" lang clVi, phah 
 kbng cheng to thia" m ki"; being old, is bo 
 very deaf that he would not hear if you were 
 to fire off guns beside him. i si sie" ki°; he 
 has thought it out. cfa su cfi-lai m pat bun- 
 ki"; I never heard of such a thing before, lia 
 ca-rae" mang-ki" cek kia" 8U ; I dreamed some- 
 thing last night. phl° ki" u kai bi ; sraell an 
 odor, i sui-sl ang cia buo pat sie ki"; although 
 they are husband and wife they have never yet 
 seen each other. lu pat 6io°-ki° rae ? Have 
 
 you ever tasted it ? huam su to tieh ki" ki"; 
 for everything there must be a perceptible open- 
 ing. mo"-ki"; look off and see. mo" m ki"; 
 cannot see when gazing far off. ke cek jit cQ 
 ki" sua"; in another day wo shall see land. ca 
 chut cu mOng ki", ta" c6-ni mong m ki"; when 
 I tried before I could fuel it, why is it that I 
 cannot now find it (as by feeling in the dark 
 for it)? khut lia jin-ki"; was recognized by 
 
 me. cin ki" ct'k kla" sii chii-bl cJii ; dreamed 
 something very funny. tiii-tiii kliut tia ngS- 
 ki"; was exactly hit upon by rae. phong ki"; 
 to chance upon. ci tie" keh ble tit ki" me ? 
 
 Can you follow the squares in this tracing 
 paper ? cQang ki"; carao across him. lia f"- 
 keng ki" kiie; 1 have seen it before, ua li phl° 
 m ki"; I do not smell it. chue ki" me ? Have 
 you found it ? chue m ki"; I cannot find it. 
 xia tang-csi to hien-ki" li ; a little while ago I 
 saw it in turning over the leaves. ta" cp-ni 
 
 jvvn pue, piie m ki"; now however much I turn 
 the leaves to and fro, I cannot find it again. 
 fam-ki";'peep at, bie-ki"; to pore over, m ki" 
 khu ; to disappear ; gone from view. c6k ki si 
 m-ki"-kliu ; one spoon is missing. chio ki"; 
 hold audience, cliam-ki" cie"-si ; visit a super- 
 ior officer, hak-ki"; visit a superior, to sai-e 
 ta" li nila°-ke cSi, ce ki" in y cii cek kii b6i 
 ta": i 81 m pat ki" kua"; in private he was very 
 glib in telling about it, but as soon has he 
 was brought into the presence of his superior 
 he could say nothing: he had never before 
 been before a magistmte. ki" ke ki" cap gua 
 hue ; had audiences with the emperor more 
 than ten times, cui cheng, ki" cieh ; the water 
 is so clear you can see the stones at the bottom, 
 h^n khui ki" jit ; the clouds disperse and the 
 sun appears. 6i tit ki" i ka-ki cii hd ; if I 
 
 could see him himself all would be well. 
 
 _^^ ki"^ 162 The margin, edge, brink, 
 /^SLr 68(3 15 border, side, brim, boundary, 
 hai ki"; the sea-shore. ciii ki"; water side, 
 
 khoi ki"; banks of the river. to ti ki", tie" 
 
 hii ; on the margin of the pool, fishing with 
 hook and line. mai" khia khah \in kl" ; do 
 not stand too near the brink. i kia" tin-tang, 
 i kia" sang ki"; one walked in the middle, and 
 the other two walked on the two sides. ceng 
 ki"; the rim of a cup. kim ki" kai pue ; gilt 
 edged cups, si ki"; on all sides. ie khah ti", 
 lau chut lia" ki"; dipped it too full and it rau 
 over the edge of the bowl. 
 
 >fe|l kl" 167 Tongs. 
 
 i^H 389 5 khia thih-kt" khu koih ; take 
 it up with the tongs. i ki thih-ki° khah liig, 
 khah au chiu ; tho.se tongs are too long, and 
 are unhandy. 
 
 — kia — 
 
 -l|rt kia 19 To add ; to superadd ; to in- 
 // M 350 B crease ; to confer ; to promote ; 
 to charge as interest. kia ke cek choh ; put 
 in some more. kia-hong i kai kua"; promote 
 him in office, ii kia bo kiam ; there is increase, 
 but no diminution. si kia it thiu a s! kia jl 
 thiu ? Is it to be increased by one tenth or by 
 by two ? cia si kia ham kTii, m si sit ceh; this 
 is his nominal rank, not his real office. kia 
 
 un ; confer favor. kia ceng ; to superimpose. 
 
 ^i 
 
 kia 9 Beautiful and good. 
 
 351 6 sim-raih kia im ? What good 
 news is there ? lu kai kia cak khieh lai khut 
 lia pai thak ce ; bring your elegant composition 
 and let me have the reading of it. i kai bl 
 
 Bira kia ; its flavor is very fine. kia-jin phue 
 ch&i-cu; a beautiful lady matched with a talent- 
 ed man. ciam jip kia keng ; gradually enter 
 into the beautiful scenery of the region. 
 
 kia 80 To commend ; to eulogize. 
 
 351 11 ci kia" su sit cS.i klid kia ; this 
 is really praiseworthy. chio-theng ceng kia- 
 ciang i kai kong-l^u ; the government com- 
 mended his public spirit. 
 
 kia 9 Supposing that; if; for in- 
 
 352 9 stance; to transfer; leave of 
 absence ; a furlough. 
 
 Id kia-ju ai" lai li soi" ta"; should you make 
 up your mind to come, then let us know before- 
 hand, kia-sdi i a m le cp-ni ne ? Supposing 
 that he will not do it, what then ? kia chiu 
 khut pat nang cp; transfer it to another person, 
 that he may do it. thi" kia cu wn ; heaven 
 
 gave the chance, hu kia ho" ui ; the fox takes 
 advantage of the tiger's majesty, kp kia ; aak 
 leave of absence . kia-jiak a-sl ii lu ai" me ? 
 If there should be some, do you want them ? 
 kia mua" lio ; his furlough has expired. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWAIOW DIALECT. 
 
 28d 
 
 To hand over to another to 
 carry ; to deliver into the 
 
 kia 40 
 HT 339 8 
 
 charcfe of another; to remain awhile in a house, 
 kia sin; send a letter, cf ko sui khieh khu kia; 
 take this letter and post it. lu ai" kia sin khu 
 
 chu me ? ai" li, lia ko sin thba kia lii ; Are you 
 going to send a letter home ? If so, I will send 
 one along with it. lu cie" jit kia kai sin, lia 
 cih tieh Ho; I have received the letter j^ou sent 
 the other day. lu u tah kha nang ho kia me ? 
 Have you given it to any one to post ? lu cle° 
 jit hi kia cap nie ngun lai a m si ? You sent 
 ten taels the other day did you not ? ua 
 
 hwr-lio kia ti no kia" much to ko, cp-iil bo siu 
 tieh ? I sent two articles besides, and why were 
 they not also received ? ci kp sin khieh khu 
 kia hue-cun, ci ko kia to-cun, ci ko kia pang 
 sin-kek ko ; take this letter and put it on board 
 the steam-boat to be carried, take this one and 
 forward it by the ferry boat, and take this one 
 and put it in the post-office, i kia khau sin lai 
 kang ua ta"; he sent a letter to tell me. lu ia 
 ai" khu li lia ai" kia-hu lu no ku iie ; if you are 
 going I want to entrust a short message to you 
 to carry, xia ci kia" much kia thoh Id; I entrust 
 this to you to carry, ci kia" mueh si pat nang 
 kia boi kai ; this is something some one else 
 commissioned me to sell, nang kia lia boi chph 
 mueh biie ceng boi ; some one asked me to buy 
 some things for him, which I have not yet 
 fcought. i ii kia ci" khu chu me ? Has he sent 
 any money home ? nang kia ii kp phoi khut lu; 
 some one has sent an epistle to you. kia kp 
 hwn phoi khut i a-hia"; dispatch a foreign let- 
 ter to his brother, kia ui; send paper clothing 
 to a departed friend, by the spirit of one who 
 has more lately died. kia-ngp to i hang lai ; 
 lodge temporarily in his warehouse. i sng si 
 kia ku kai ; he is a transient visitor. 
 
 llj^^ kia 46 Steep ; sheer ; precipitous. 
 UlPj 342 8 ci kai sua" kia, oh peh ; this 
 mountain is steep, and hard to climb. kue 
 
 kau ci kai kia-kia kfii nia ; cros.sed to this 
 abrupt descent. kia-kham ; a precipice. ci 
 tio lo 10 kia ; this road is rather steep. kia 
 
 kue piah, peh cai tit khi ? It is steeper than a 
 partition wall, and how can it be climbed ? 
 
 ^g^ kia 173 To make a crashing noise ; 
 ^^ 694 T3" a clap. 
 
 a-kong kia leh, m cai si ii kha si sim-mueh ; 
 the god of thunder is making an uproar, per- 
 adventure something has been killed. hd-hp 
 si-si lui-kong kia leh ; when there was nothing 
 to indicate its coming, there was a sudden 
 clap of thunder. a-kong ^i° kia leh lu tieh 
 
 cai ; it is going to thunder and I forewarn you. 
 
 — kia" — 
 
 "i;— I kia" 8 A capital or metropolis ; er- 
 -^ 403 6 cellent. 
 
 kia" sia"; the capital city. pak-kia"; Peking. 
 h\m kia"; the southern capital, Nanking. cie" 
 kia"; go to Peking, kia" ie°; Peking fashions, 
 kia" su ; the metropolis, kia" cui pit ; the best 
 sort of pencil. i to cp kia"-ki tia kai gu-sii ; 
 be is the mayor of the city of Peking. kia°- 
 to ii kui kai sia" mng ; the outer wall of the 
 capital has several gates, u kia" pp kau; news 
 from the capital has arrived. kia"-chau ; the 
 Peking Gazette. cin kia"; go to the capital, 
 chut kia"; sent to perform duties outside the 
 capital. 
 
 ^^ kia" 120 Classics ; religious manuals. 
 /JDCl 404 7 kia" cu; the classics, i ngo- 
 kia" si-su long-cong thak pat; he has studied 
 so as to thoroughly understand all the Five 
 Classics and Four Books. 
 
 ^^ kia" 187 To terrify; to scare; to 
 ^h^ 403 13 fear ; afraid ; alarmed, 
 lu mai" kia"; don't be frightened. mai" kia"- 
 tong i ; do not alarm her. i thia°-tieh sim si 
 kia"-hai ; when she heard it she was very much 
 startled. lu kia"-ui mih su ? What are you 
 
 afraid of ? kia"-ui i ce m to cu bp ho hiah; am 
 apprehensive lest he be away from home, and 
 so we have no place in which to pass the night, 
 kia" si nang ; scare people to death. ci chph 
 nug khieh khu kio mong nang ak kia"; take 
 these eggs and go and present them to a certain 
 person to remove disquietude, i hp-hp si-si cii 
 kia" huang ; when he is just as well as usual 
 he starts suddenly. si kip-kia"-huang a si 
 
 mang-kia''-huang ? Is it fits that he has, or 
 convulsions? kip-kia" si kia" chu nang, mang- 
 kia" si kia" sin-so"; fits alarm the liousehold, 
 but convulsions scare the doctor. th6i"-t£eh 
 sim kia" ta" cien ; when I saw it I shook with 
 fright. thia"-tieh kia"-i ; when he heard it he 
 was astounded. ra kia"-pha"; does not fear, 
 
 kia" kau kong ; dazed by fear. be khut i ce 
 kia" tJeh cii theng pliau ; the horse, when he is 
 frightened, runs away. cia si to phah chaa 
 
 kia" cua ; this is beating the grass to scare 
 away the snakes. miu kia"; min-eng kia"; 
 
 there is no cause for alarm. lia m kia"; 1 am 
 not afraid, hai i kia" kau khiu ; terrified him 
 so that he shook with fear. kia" kau to tong; 
 trembling with fright, kia" kau khap-cek-tiin; 
 kia" kau phah-chun-lun ; quivering with fear, 
 kia" kau sim-kua"-thau piak-piak phah ; so 
 frightened that my heart throbbed violently. 
 i m cai kia"; he is unconscious of fear. kia" 
 
240 
 
 DICTIONART OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 k^u sim-kua"-Uiaa p6k-p6k th\o ; so frightened 
 that my heart leaped into my throat. thoi" 
 
 tieli kia" si; was ahnost frightened to death 
 when I saw it. In oi kia° a b6i ? Are you 
 alarmed ? i c6 bu lo u kia° sira ; he sicts with 
 caution. thak-cu a si b6 kia" sira, thak c5i tit 
 pat ? If one studies without solicitude as to the 
 result, how can he learn ? mai" khi^ kia"-jio i ; 
 do not go and disturb him. kia" ksiu au"-au"- 
 kie ; so frightened that I screamed, kia" kau 
 sit hAn ; kia" kj\u b6 hun ; frightened out of 
 his wits. kia" kh,u he"-h6-kie ; so frightened 
 that he fainted. kia" kku lang puah 16h. 
 
 khu ; so frightened that she fell down in a 
 swoon. raki" kia" can i ; do not s^are him 
 
 away, kia" kau a-ntV che"; a-nft" khut Id kia' 
 che"; you have wakened the baby. miti" kia" 
 che" i ; do not startle and waken him. i bd tji", 
 lii-kia"; he is easily frightened. ci kai ta" toa 
 cSi, cng kai iTi iii-kia"; this one is very courage- 
 ous, and is not easily perturbed, i si 1(5 phien 
 kia" i ; he is trying to frighten her. sit cSi kia" 
 nang ; really frightful, mai" tfti kia" sfo kiiai ; 
 do not be alarmed. kia" kiu ; shrink through 
 fear, ku kai than kia" kiu khu ; the tortoise 
 draws in its head when scared. mai" kia" c\e" 
 kia" hie"; do not be disturbed by every thing. 
 
 kia" 198 A large deer, described as 
 404 8 having one horn and a cow's 
 
 tail, probably referring to the nylghau. 
 
 tek-kia"; the chevrotain, or mouse-deer ; a small 
 
 antelope, tek-kia" nek ; antelope flesh. kia" 
 
 phue to ; a leather fob. 
 
 V^ kia" 9 Now ; the present. 
 ^ 398 2 ki'a'.jit; to-day. kia"-3tt iS 
 me ? Have you any to-day ? kia"- jit hue u, tieh 
 mua-ca ; we have none to-day, and you must 
 wait till to-morrow. 
 
 . ^ 1 ^^ kfa" 89 A child ; a son ; diminutive ; 
 
 J 1030 small. 
 kia°-tl ; sons. toa kia" ; the eldest son. soi 
 kia"; a young child. biie kia"; the youngest 
 child. kia" sun ; children and grandchildren. 
 kia°-sai ; son-in-law. tau-kia"; a son. cau- 
 kia"; a daughter, cu-nie kia"; a young damsel, 
 ca-bo kia"; a female child, a nie kia"; a young 
 ladv. ta-po kia"; a male child. sun-kia"; 
 
 little grandson. kia" ji ; children. bo kia" 
 b6 ji ; childless. sieh ang sieh kia"; a loving 
 wife and mother, lu kiii kai kia" ? How many 
 children have you ? pho a-no"-kia°; carry a 
 
 child in the arms. a-no"-kia" hue coi ; has 
 
 many children. kio kia"; to take care of a 
 
 child. se" kia"; give birth to a child. kang 
 
 kfa"; with child. fang kjLi kia"; adopt a child, 
 meng-leng kai kia"; an adopted child. chin 
 
 se" kia"; own child. chi kia"; rear children, 
 
 kia" chl kau toa ; bring up a child. ho kia"; a 
 good son. h<J kia" mien-eng ke ; if your sons 
 are good you do not need many of them. ah 
 kia"; a duckling, chng kia"; a small table. i" 
 kia"; a little chair, be kia"; a colt, ngio kia"; 
 a kitten. gu kia"; a calf, kau kia"; a puppy, 
 cun kia"; a small boat, chu kia"; a hut. piia" 
 kia"; a little plate, lia" kia"; a little bowl. to 
 kia"; a pen knife. ka-(o kia"; scissors. ka"- 
 kia"; small oranges. tia" kia"; a saucepan, 
 
 sang kha kia" iu"-iu"; very small feet. 
 
 kia" 167 A mirror ; any reflecting 
 4(>G IT surface; to brighten; to 
 illu.strate ; lustrous. 
 
 mak-kia"; spectacles, kiia raak-kia"; wear eye- 
 glasses, iara choi"-li-kia"; to look through a 
 spy-glass. kia"-kia"; a small mirror. tang- 
 thau kia"; a small looking-glass suspended from 
 the lapel of the tunic, chiu kia"; a hand-glass, 
 kia" phin ; a mirror on a stand. kia" thai; a 
 cheval-glass. hap kia"; a mirror which folds 
 together in the middle, chwn sin kia"; a pier- 
 glass, tang kia"; a metalic mirror. hien-miii°- 
 kia"; a microscope. cie-siu kia"; a looking- 
 glass, peh-hue-kia'; a kaleidoscope, hu-sirn- 
 kia"; a breastplate. kia" khuang ; a picture 
 frame. kia nfik ; the picture itself. kun- 
 sl kai mak-kia"; glasses for the near sighted. 
 o-cia" mak-kia"; colored spectacles. hue kia"; 
 glasses that are convex. iang raak kai kia"; 
 glass screens for the eyes, cang ciii ciiu-co kia" 
 ho iara ; use water as a reflector to see it in. 
 ci" to a-ma kia" toi ; unsubstantial wealth, 
 meng kia"; clear glasses. phi-ju kia" toi kai 
 hue, ciii toi kai gueh ; like the reflection of a 
 flower in a mirror or of the moon in a pool, 
 chiu kau kng-kia" kng-kia" ne ; polish it till it 
 is lustrous. kia"-mia kia°-mia ; gleaming. i 
 kai min phiie khah kng-kia"; his skin is two 
 shiny. iam kia"; look in the mirror. biia 
 kia"; to polish, to burnish. phua kia" teng 
 
 i"; to match the pieces of a broken looking- 
 glass, kia" cai ; the centre of a mirror. pp. 
 li kia"; glass mirrors. o kia" theng ; a shell 
 window. 
 
 kia" 40 kia°-se" ; a parasitic growth ; 
 Pj 339 8" fungus. 
 
 sieh-liu kia".se, sng-siii kia"-se", ho co ieh ; 
 the fungus that grows upon pomegranate and 
 mulberry trees is used in medicine. ci cang 
 chiu hwt kau ceng-ceng kia"-se"; this tree is 
 all covered with fungus. 
 
btCttONAKt OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 241 
 
 k\a' 104 Irregular scars on the skin. 
 
 653 To i kai rain tcng pliua kai 
 kia"'"; he has a scar on his face, i kTii hiah-kak 
 t^iig se-su phiia kia"; there is a little scar ou 
 his forehead. 
 
 ■^rik kia" 144 To walk ; to move along ; 
 "J J 207 to go ; to act; to do; to send 
 off ; to let. 
 
 kia" lo ; to travel. lo teng to kia" kai nang ; 
 those walking along the road. kia" ta" lo ; 
 
 went by the wrong road. kia" hii kia" kliu ; 
 to move to and fro. kha tlua" boi kia"; has a 
 sore foot and cannot walk. kia" ni cin-coi"; 
 
 makes no progress. kia" ho ; walk properly, 
 lu si po kia" lai, a si co kle iai ? Did you 
 come on foot, or in a chair ? kia" m kau ; 
 
 cannot walk there. kia" hph liiig ; walked a 
 great distance, kia" bo ua-hng ; had not gone 
 far. kia" kau kha sng; walked till tired, 
 
 khang i kia"; lead him along. chah i kia"; 
 
 support him by the arm while he walks. pho 
 i kia"; carry him along in the arras. to-kia"; 
 to walk backward ; to retrograde. kia" cun 
 
 kai nang; boatmen. ci ciah cun cek jit kia" 
 ii jieli coi 16 ? How far does this boat go in 
 a day ? kia" bo no po cu hiah ; had scarcely 
 started when he stopped, leng m kia"; cannot 
 push it along, kia" cau ; hasten on. kia"-kia" 
 cau-cau ; on the go. i boi kia", lu ho ia i ; he 
 is unable to walk, you must carry him on your 
 back. kia" lo kiie-uang kai nang ; the passers 
 by. a-no"-kia" cia" ip oh kia"; the child is 
 
 learning to walk. biie oh kia" soi" oh pue ; 
 
 learn to fly befoi-e learning to walk, chut kia"; 
 start on. kia" thit-thp ; walk for pleasure, 
 
 kia" a m kia" ne ? Can it be made to go or not ? 
 ci kai si-ceng boi kia"; this clock does not go. 
 kia" sien ; to act righteously, kia" tek ; to do 
 good. kia" loi-sio; to observe the rules of 
 
 etiquette. kia" leng ; transmit orders. kia" 
 bun-tu ; to send off a dispatch. kia" cai ; to 
 
 inform officially, kia" cai kak kui"; let all the 
 district magistrates know. kia" m khui kha ; 
 does not get started. ci kia" su chia" ti-tiang 
 chut lai kia"? Whom will you invite to take 
 the lead in this matter ? feU rL kia"; the busi- 
 ness makes no progress, ua thia"-ki" ci kia" su 
 Bi chia" mong kong-chin chut lai kia" iit lio ; I 
 heard that this matter had been placed in the 
 hands of a certain middle-man and that he 
 had settled it. kia" haam ; follow dangerous 
 courses, m-hp kia" huang-hiam : kia" un-tang 
 cia°hp ; do not follow dangerous courses : to go 
 in the path of safety is best, ci kia" su ua la" 
 ni kia" ; I cannot talk about this matter. sai 
 m kia"; cannot send on. ci kai su kia" m khu ; 
 
 this cannot be effected. cang cf k6 c6 kia" 
 
 th&i ; make use of this as an official lodging in 
 travelling. kia" ge-mng nang ; a habitue of 
 the yamun. i i6 kia" tl kai ge-mng? Which 
 yamun does he transact business in ? kia°-ui ; 
 behaviour, actions. kia" ke kai jit-cf ; the 
 
 wedding day. thong kia"; make a circuit ; 
 
 to permeate. kia" hue-mueh loh se"; send off 
 goods to the provincial city. 
 
 #kia" 9 An item or thing ; a classifier, 
 386 4 of wide application ; it often 
 corresponds to the definite article, 
 mueh-kia"; things; stuff; articles. chiii Ida"; 
 remmants. put kue sin lang kia"; have but a 
 few left. ua ai" boi kau kia"; I want to buy a 
 whole one. kia" tho kui ke no kai ngun ; 
 
 opium balls are dearer, by two dollars per ball, 
 lai li jieh coi kia" hue ? How many sorts of 
 goods have come ? li ci cek kia" tia"; have 
 
 only this sort. u kia" sim-mih su i cu kang- 
 
 kho cSi ; if he has the least thing to do he is 
 OTerburdened. cek kia" su ; an affair. toa" 
 kia" hok-sek ; one garment. ua ai" cng kia" 
 
 kio lu boi ; I will buy the whole lot from you. 
 lu ai" boi ksiu kia" li cii sng phi" ce ; if you are 
 going to buy the whole lot I will let you have 
 them a little cheaper. eng chun bo pua" kia"; 
 used them all up, so that there is not one left, 
 ke cng li jieh coi kia" ? How many articles are 
 there in the wedding outfit ? ua" kia"; a case in 
 law. nang mia" kai iia" kia"; a case involving 
 life. kia"-kia" kii chwn ; everything is ready, 
 cek kia" cek kia" bun khui; .set each by itself. 
 CO kiii kia" sa"-kh6 lai cheng ; make a few 
 clothes to wear. hie" coi mueh-kia"; so many- 
 things. kia°-kia" to 6i ; can do each kind, 
 kak kia" 16ng-c6ng u-pl ho ; all things are ready. 
 11 jieh coi kia" ? How many of them are there ? 
 cho kia"; coarse ones. lu" kia"; fine ones. i 
 kai f-u kia" coi ; he has much business, lu tieh 
 cai sio kia"; you must count them. 
 
 kia" 67 Sturdy ; hale ; vigorous. 
 
 366 8 kia"-cang ; robust. i sui-si 
 lau, hwn-lio khin-kia"; although he is old he is 
 still active. ciah po ieh, ciah i kia" ce ; take 
 tonics, so as to gain vigor. 
 
 — kiah — 
 
 -f-=tt kiah 64 To pry at sidewise, as in 
 J^^ 375 12 picking a Chinese door, 
 khut chak kiah rang jip khi ; had his door 
 pried open by a thief, who got in. wing li 
 
 khut chak kiah khui, miieh li boi m ki"; the 
 door was pried open by a thief, but nothing 
 was missing. 
 
242 
 
 RICTIONAET OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 Jb^ kiah 64 To bring to mind ; to make 
 JF^ 378 9 known ; to borrow, 
 kiali toa"^; a promissory note. kiah hSng ; 
 
 debts ; liabilities, kiali sio ; borrowed moneys, 
 u kiah liio chut lai a bue ? Has the list of 
 fiuccessfnl candidates been published yet? t(5 
 hu-ko kiah u jieh coi ngAn ? How much money 
 did he got there ? 
 
 kiah 64 To open up, or out; to spread 
 708 12 or distribute around ; to lift ; 
 to separate by a jerk. 
 
 kiah khui; to lift apart; to thrust aside; to 
 open up as to the air or to tlie light. kiah 
 
 khui po-liam cii th6i".ki°; lifted the curtain 
 and saw it. cua kiah khui kliut i la; lift the 
 bundles of paper out and spread them so that 
 they will air. kiah toa lak cQ kiah tit khui ; 
 lift with force and then you can lift them apart. 
 
 kiah 44 A patten ; a wooden shoe or 
 ^ ^ 392 T clog, used in rainy weather. 
 cheng sang kai &ng phue kluh ; wear a pair of 
 pattens with red upper leathers. kh6k-kh6kF 
 kie, cheng sang cha-thfia kiah cu l&i ; came 
 clamping along in a pair of wooden clogs, 
 cang kiah ; pattens made from the fiber of the 
 coir palm, liai cih kiah kha; broke the heel off 
 the patten by stepping on the side of the foot, 
 ciap kiah kha ; put a new snpport under the 
 patten, teng kiah pho ; a shop when clogs are 
 made. kiah kha in li'o k&i ui kAi ui ; tracks 
 made with muddy pattens. th6 teng kai kiah 
 Oi kfii kiah ui ; tracks made with pattens on 
 the mud. kiuh-kia" kha cheng-khih, co i khu; 
 shook the dust o£E his pattens and went. 
 
 — kiak — 
 
 kiak 85 Clean, free from defilement. 
 
 377 12 soi kau kiak-kiuk peh ; wash 
 it perfectly white. cek koi" siu-sip kau kiak- 
 cu ; the whole place is made perfectly clean, 
 i cheng-khih-sie" cS,i, thong sin kai i-hok ne 
 kiak-kiak ; she is very cleanly, and all the 
 clothes she has on are spotlessly clean. 
 
 — kiam — 
 
 kiam 12 Along with ; together with 
 382 8 in addition to ; equally, 
 keng kiara thi°-si juah ; besides all that, the 
 ■weather is very hot. kiam ii pat ie° su cp ; and 
 besides I have something else to do. sie kiam 
 kai kai ti-hng ; adjacent ground. ti-hng sie 
 kiam kai; the two lots have the same boundary, 
 chai mau" kiam chwn; the toute ensemble; the 
 mind, manners, and person. kiam niap tie- 
 
 ciu hii m; manages the Tie Ciu Department 
 
 in addition. kiam li ie" bQ ; manages foreign 
 affairs besides. i kiam 6i cO cf i«.'° t-u ; he can 
 also add this to the other things which he does, 
 kiam ke cek h^ng khang-khue ; attends to the 
 work of another warehouse also. no nang 
 
 kiam eng ; the two both use it. i khi ko li'o, u 
 kiam si'a a b6 ? After he had made the rough 
 draft, did he write out a fair copy besides ? 
 
 kiam 76 To assort ; to examine. 
 
 385 18 m cai kfam-tiam khu ; did 
 not think to look them over carefully and mark 
 them. Id tieh soi sira kiam-tfam ; you must 
 
 label them carefully. phai c<^k iii tai-chin to 
 kam-tok sio-kiara ; depute a nobleman to over- 
 see the search of the persons of the candidates 
 for admission to the examinations, che-kiam ; 
 to examine. 
 
 kfara 15 To diminish ; to lessen ; to 
 383 9 abbreviate; to make less do ; 
 to take away a part. 
 
 ke-ci" b6 kiam ; no abatement in the price, 
 kiara ke thwn raia"; sell at a reduced price in 
 order to render it popular, i ki° kfam i k&i 
 sio bue, i li lu hau°; he wants him to throw off 
 the balance of the account, but he will not. 
 nge-nge kiam i k&i ; forcibly insisted on an 
 abatement, thd kiam i kai sla ngwn ; ask him 
 to let him have it for less than it cost, u kiam 
 a bo ? Did he take off anything from the 
 price ? cai kiara ce ; take off a little more, 
 
 bo ke bo kiam ; neither more nor less. cie''-80 
 fl ke b6 kiam ; there may be increase but not 
 diminution. h(5 kiara me ? Can you not sell it 
 a little cheaper ? lu sng kiam ce, lia co ce kio 
 lu boi ; let me have it a little cheaper, then I 
 will buy it from you at once. m-h6 kiam ; 
 
 cannot sell it for less, kiam c6k teng ngi ciie ; 
 abate somewhat from the legal punishment, 
 i iTi kheng kiam ; he would abate nothing. ci 
 kheng io ke, ci kheng io kiam ; this basket has 
 more, and that one has less. kiam cek iie ci' 
 kliut lu ; let you have it at half the price, 
 khut i kiam tio hoh coi ngun ; had a rather 
 large sum of money taken off by him. cie-°8e" 
 oi khah kiam a boi ? Have I retrenched too 
 much ? miig-khi cia° ciah io kiam, ci hue cu 
 to khun ; ate less than usual this morning, and 
 am now hungry. rae° kiam chph; take some off 
 with the hand, ta" kiam toa-bp-mueh ue; con- 
 tracted his speech very much. kia" tiii ci kp, 
 kia" kiam cek pho Io ; by going this way, will 
 diminish the length of the journey by a league. 
 cie°-se° kiam-kiam to m kiam ; pincliing and 
 scrimping thus does not diminish it a particle, 
 lu kiam i kui hue ? How much younger are 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 243 
 
 you than lie? kliah ki'am ; inadequate, "kinm 
 (O kiii sia"; reduced to a small proportion, 
 ki'am kau lai co ce bo kliu ; kept taking a little 
 off till it was all gone. tu-kiam ; to subtract, 
 eng ki'am jieh coi nung ? How many less men 
 are employed ? ta" eng I'o kfam nang ; fewer 
 men are now employed. niu kai nang-,s\o oi 
 kiam a boi ? Do you lack any from the full 
 complement of men ? ci'a si kiam-cau kiii koi- 
 cheli ; tins is a ru.se for making the enemy 
 believe him to be weak, m si th(5 kiam cu hai" 
 i ki'am, thp ke cu hai" ke, c\e ko ; we do not 
 sell for a low price to those who offer a low 
 price, and sell for a higher price to those who 
 offer more, but we sell for the price marked on 
 the goods. lu tieh kio lia swn ho kai, ke-ci", 
 lia li rxi ki'am lu ka,i ; you choose a good one 
 for me, and I shall not ask you to take a lower 
 price for it. 
 
 .^11 kiam 18 A rapier ; a sword ; a 
 M»J 388 13 claymore, 
 chiu teng khia ki kiam ; held a sword in his 
 hand. ci kai kiam-khak eng kii huang-hai 
 
 khu ; this scabbard is worn out by long use. 
 kiam nek ; the sword blade. ua u cek ki po 
 kiam ; I have a trusty blade. chie", ip, kiam, 
 kek, ne chiam-chiam ; spears, daggers, swords, 
 and bill-hooks, in regular array, raong kiara ; 
 to brandish a sword. kiam-sut ; the art of 
 
 fencing. pang lai kua ki cu-kiam ; wore a 
 
 student's rapier when in his room, kiam sien ; 
 a, fairy stiletto, which would kill when ordered 
 to do so. lia li tiii wn-ie" kai sang kiam ; 1 
 
 have a double sword, two hlades in one sheath. 
 ci ki kiam lai cai ; this sword is very sharp, 
 lien kiam ; a tried weapon. cu kiam ; a well- 
 tempered blade. lia ai" cp cp kiam-thau kjii 
 ie"; I want it made in the shape of a sword 
 handle. phah cp ki kiam ; make it into a 
 Bveord. to sua" tang teng tit- tieh pia"-cu, pd 
 kiam ; when among the caves got a book on 
 military tactics, and a trusty blade. 
 
 kiam 197 Saltish, like sea-water; one 
 . _ . 198 9 of the five tastes. 
 mai° loh khah kiam ; do not make it too salt. 
 lo kiam ; make salt by pickling, kiam hu; salt 
 fish, kiam chai ; pickled cabbage, kiam nng; 
 pickled eggs. kiam hu nng; pickled eggs 
 
 wrapped in clay, kiam ciii ; sea water ; brine, 
 ci'a cui ci'a" a kiam ? Is this water fresh or 
 salt ? iam loh khu bp hie" kiam, ui ai° ien ; if 
 there is not enough salt put in to make it very 
 salt, I fear it will putrefy, i I'o toa clah kiam; 
 he likes things very salt. kiam sng tiara ; 
 
 salt, sour, and sweet ; mixed flavors. jit-taii 
 
 bp kiam ; there are no condiments for the din- 
 ner, bo kiam bo ci'a", cp-ni ciah ? There is 
 neither salt nor fresh food, so what are wo to 
 eat ? thi°-si juah, tieh u no ie" ho kai klara- 
 sng cia" ciah tit Iph ; the weather is hot, and 
 one must have two good relishes in order to 
 eat anything. hi6"-6e° kiara tak-tiik, ciah cSi 
 tit loh ? How can one eat it when it is so very 
 salt ? Iph khah kiam khu: ua ciah tieh kiam 
 kau kho ; it is salted too much : to me it tastes 
 so salt as to bo bitter, cek sin kiam c3,i : rae"- 
 me" lai hia" ciii s6i-ek ; I am drenched with 
 perspiration : heat some water as quickly as 
 possible for me to bathe in. sa"-kh6 c§ 
 kiam tieh cai ua", mai" cheng kau o kiam jun ; 
 when your clothes are soiled change them, and 
 do not wear them till they are stiff with dirt, 
 ua" u kiam sa"-kh6 to kp a bp ? Are there any 
 soiled clothes about ? thau-mo° kiam cS.i : 
 ham i u-pi lai soi thau ; his hair is dirty : 
 tell him to get ready to have his head washed, 
 tang i ciah kiam-kiara, khu kha pliua nang kki 
 cui kng ; wait till he has stuffed himself with 
 salt food, and then gone and broken some- 
 one's water jar ; you will some day wish you 
 had restrained him in time to prevent mis- 
 chief, kiam ka" phue ; preserved orange peel, 
 laa kiam siiai"; preserved mangoes. koih n5 
 liap kiam bue, lai phiie ciii ; nip up two salt 
 plums and take thera as an accompaniment to 
 the water you drink. 
 
 /g^ kiam ^ Frugal; sparing; economical. 
 |)?A 387 13 i cie"-se" khah kiam ; he is 
 over frugal, i si kiam cai kai nang; she is very 
 parsimonious, kiam-siap ; stingy, close-fisted, 
 
 " j^^ kiam 36 To dream. 
 ^^ 610 11 i ki"-kiam tieh i lai; she 
 dreamed that he came. lia ca me" kiam-ki' 
 
 kio lu cp-pu khu thit-thp ; I dreamed last night 
 that I went out for recreation with you. 
 
 — kiang — 
 
 X P* kiang 120 A bridle; reins made of 
 ?pJS. 363 13 silk or leather, 
 liu-kiang; to slip the halter and run away, ce 
 m cai kwn, cu khut i liu-kiang khu ; as soon as 
 one's attention is turned away, he slips off. to 
 pak to kp, cp-ni oi khut i liu-kiang khu ? As he 
 was tied up, how is it that he could take him- 
 self off like that ? 
 
 %^\ kiang 78 Rigid ; stiff ; solid ; dead 
 /By, 363 13 but not corrupted, 
 kiang-si ; a body in a trance. kiang choi"; 
 
 silkworms, stiffened as they are just before 
 
244 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 m 
 
 weaving the cocoons. \\A k6 chut k&i kiang- 
 si oi hai nfi.ng ; that place produces a species of 
 corpse, which does not suffer corruption, and 
 which draws life from people. 
 
 kiang 102 A limit. 
 363 14 kiang-kai ; the frontier. 
 i sng si hong kiang tSi-chin ; he is the high 
 officer in charge of the frontier. 
 
 kiang 57 To compel ; to oversee. 
 366 8 mien-kfang i khu cp ; con- 
 strain him to go and do it. si mfen-kmng kfl,i, 
 jIi si ( Q-jien kui ; it was by compulsion, not of 
 free will, mai" khu kiang khiu; do not seek it 
 by underhand ways, png-png si b6i c6, mfen- 
 kiang CO kau h(5 ; though really unable to do it 
 he nerved himself up to the accomplishment of 
 it. theng khi cu-jien, mai" khu mfen-kiang i ; 
 let it go till it happens of itself, do not go and 
 force it. i png-png m hau", si lia kfang kau i 
 hau"; he was himself unwilling, but I prevailed 
 on him against his inclination. khf-chp si 
 
 mien-kfang cp, kau kii cu cu-jien; in the begin- 
 ning it is done perforce, but afterward it goes j 
 on as a matter of course. I 
 
 kiang 67 To prevail on against the j 
 366 8 inclination ; to constrain ; ; 
 to force ; better. I 
 
 kiang khf ceng-sin lui li ; rouse up your energies 
 and do it. i jIm kiang, kiang iTi khf ; tried to 
 prevail on him, but without success. khak- 
 kh6 kiang khi sin lai kio i phueh ue ; persisted 
 in endeavoring to get up and speak with him. 
 ci kai kiang kue hii kai ; this is superior to that. 
 
 — kiap — 
 kiap 46 The water-shed of hills. 
 185 7 ci kp si kue kiap kai ti-hng ; 
 this is the dividing ridge of the hills. 
 
 kiap 19 To take by violence ; to 
 377 6 plunder; to rob openly; 
 suffering. 
 
 cuang mng phah kiap ; break in the door and 
 rob the house. liah tieh kiap-chak ; to seize 
 robbers. peh jit chie'-kiap ; pounce upon and 
 carry off in broad daylight. ca-me° ti-kp pi 
 
 kiap ? What place was plundered last night ? 
 si mong kp pun i kiap kau cheng-khih cheng- 
 khih ; that was the place where a clean sweep 
 was made. mueh khut i kiap khu boi ta-kin, 
 kua nang th6a liah; the things that they took 
 are not of such great importance as are the 
 people they carried off. ci si td kue kiap ; 
 
 this is carrying things with a high hand. i 
 
 Iftng to ci kai kiap sio ; he cannot escape this 
 fate. hii kai ti-hng td cau toa kiap ; that 
 
 country is suffering great calamity. pi ci kfti 
 kiap 6i tit kue cu ho ; if we can avoid this dis- 
 aster all will bo well. kiap iia"; a case of 
 robbery. lien uang-kng i to ka° kiap } even 
 the revenue he dare prey upon. 
 
 kiap 64 To squeeze out, as liquor* 
 565 9 from its dregs ; to drain dry. 
 ciu-jit to kiap nl, kiap kau sang-sting; is drain- 
 ed of her milk throughout the day and has 
 thus become very thin. i kai sai-khia ngiin 
 khut i kiap k.au wi\ ; his private funds were 
 all e.vtorted from him by tliern. kiap khah ke 
 kue kM bp mih khi-lak ; that which has been 
 draitied many times has not much strength. 
 
 •f fW kiap 64 To smooth out by short 
 jSi 497 15 strokes. 
 
 i cang siu-kia", khu:i"-khua" kiap, kiap kau Si 
 cie-ki" nang; she takes a small comb and combs 
 it steadily, till it is so smooth you can see your 
 face in it. kiap i tit ; smooth it out straight. 
 
 — kie — 
 
 tt^Vr ^^^ ^^ '^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ upon ; to cry out ; 
 •^1 371 4 the cries or voices of animals 
 or birds ; to send for ; to name ; to command ; 
 to tell ; to do ; to persuade ; to sing, as an 
 insect ; to induce ; to cause, in which sense it is 
 often only a sign of the passive voice ; by, with j 
 named, called, termed. 
 
 i kie-c6 sim-mih mia" ? By what name is he 
 called ? i kie mia° kie jl me" i ; she called him 
 names, i bp sie kie ; they are not on speaking 
 terms with each other. ce kie cu lai ; as soon 
 as you call I will come. i td ham-kie kiu ; 
 
 he is calling for help. cp-ni i kie lu m thia', 
 tieh lia kie ? Why is it that you pay no heed to 
 his calling you, so that I must call you ? 16 
 ham nang lai k\e-in ; you get some one to 
 guarantee it. kai si slm-mueh i6 kie ? What 
 creature is it making that noise ? kie phiia i 
 kai fiu-leng, b6 nang khu chai i; though he 
 calls loud enough to split his throat, no one 
 pays any attention to him. bp kie b6 in, cp-n! 
 hd khut i ? With no security given, why should 
 you let him have it ? i kie, i m hau" in; when 
 she calls him he will not answer. thia''-ki" kiii 
 to kie thoi ; heard the spirit of one who had 
 committed suicide calling on some one else 
 to commit suicide, so that the former might be 
 born into the would again, hiam tieh, i hwn- 
 lio ngau-ngau-kie, td pien ; if you reprove him 
 he still keeps on complaining and contradict- 
 ing, kio i ta° tieh, i ngau-ngau-kie, ta° toa- 
 bd-mueh ue ; if you say any thing to him about 
 it, he will argue and dispute, and talk on end- 
 lessly about it. ceng nang ngau-ngau-kie, 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALKCTi 
 
 245 
 
 m su-li6k; they all ranrrnnred at it, and would 
 not submit, kie-si; on that account; says it is 
 for this reason ; to complain of. i kiiai kie si 
 i m thia" i kai vie ; she blames hira because he 
 does not heed what she says, phah kie-si i keh- 
 sek; whips him for his disobedience, i kie-sl 
 i c6-ni ? What fault has he to find with it? 
 kie-si khah toa; he says it is too large, kie-si 
 m nai ; says it won't prove durable. i kie-si i 
 kai im rli-ho, leng ua" kai ho kai ; he says it 
 does not sound as if it were good, and he 
 wants to exchange it for a good one. lia bo 
 kie-si i sim-mih su ; I did not say anything 
 was wrong with it. toa^-toa" si kie-si i ta" ue 
 khah toa sia"; only said he spoke too loud. i 
 co-ni raai", si kie-si i co-ni ? Why does he not 
 want it, what does he say is the matter with 
 it ? i si kie-si to ciah khah pa ; he says he 
 
 eats too much. i kai si kie-si khah khua"- 
 
 uah a m si ? She finds fault because things are 
 too comfortable does she not ? hiam kie-si i 
 chi boi toa ; she complains that he does not 
 grow. i hiam kie-si co-ni ? What does he 
 
 complain about ? cie"-se" kie-si khah poh ; 
 
 that is too thin, liang-liang-kie ; the jingling 
 sound made by a mender of crockery. uang- 
 uang-kie ; the muttering of a flame. cok-cok- 
 kie ; the noise made in calling fowls to come and 
 eat. la-la-kie ; the bubbling of water, hong- 
 hong-kie ; the buzzing of insects. ngai-ngS,i- 
 kie; yelping. ioh-ioh-kie; the chirping of 
 
 grasshoppers, tong-ce-kie ; tom-ce-kie ; pong- 
 ce-kie ; the splash made by something falling 
 into the water. tong-tong-kie ; the rattle of 
 drums, phit-phiak-kie; the sound of fluttering 
 garments. hih-hauh-kie ; the sound of cloth 
 flapping in the wind, sauh-sauh-kie; the sound 
 of flapping wings. sfi-sa-kie ; the sound of 
 
 rushing wind and driving rain, ciap-ciap-kie; 
 cauh-cauh-kie; cap-cap-kie; the sound made by 
 one who slobbers in eating. cit-ciap-kie ; the 
 Bound made in slipping into the water. hu- 
 hu-kie ; the reverberation of distant thunder, 
 cok-cok-kie ; the sound made in setting a dog 
 upon something. ioh°-ioli''-kie ; the creak of 
 the pole of a burden bearer. nga-ce-kie ; 
 
 snarling, hau^-ce-kie ; growling, hong-hong 
 kie ; the roar of rushing waters. o-a-kie ; 
 
 cawing, or the sound made by one stretching 
 and yawning. koi-bp kok-kok-kxe ; the hen 
 
 clucks. sa-sa-kie ; to sough like the wind, 
 
 chiap-chiap kie ; to mutter, a perpetual clack 
 of voices. sioh-sioh-kie ; a whir, as of an 
 
 arrow. siuh-siuh-kie ; the whiz of an arrow, 
 ki-ku kie ; lu-lu-kie ; li-lu kie ; reverberation, 
 pok-pok-kie ; a thi-obbing. ho sap-sap-kie ; 
 
 the rain patters down, cip-cip-kie ; to squeak, 
 
 like mice, or chipper like rati?, cah-cnh-kie ; a 
 hubbub. tok-tok-kie ; to gabble. sQ-su-kie; 
 to whiz or whir, thu-ce-kie ; darting, tong- 
 tong-kie ; the din of drums. tlie''-the°-kie; the 
 sound of a small gong. khuai°-khuai"-kie; 
 sound of a medium sized gong. kong-kong- 
 kie; the sound of a large gong, teng-teng-kie ; 
 the din of gongs, kuh-kuh-kie; ku-ku-kie; a 
 rumbling, hng-hng-kie; the whining of a dog. 
 le-ce-kie ; li-le-kie ; the sound made by a dish 
 breaking. la-la-kie; a sound like gurgling 
 
 water. pha-pha-kie ; a loud gurgling sound, 
 phe-phe-kie; the ripple of running water, tara- 
 tSra-kie ; the splash of water falling into water, 
 tap-tap-kie ; the patter of falling drops. tora- 
 tora-kie ; the dashing sound of waves. ka-ka- 
 kie ; the babble of a brook. ah-ah-kie ; the 
 
 quacking of ducks, go-go kie; the quacking of 
 geese. chih-chih-kie ; the sound of half sup- 
 pressed laughter, ci-ce-kie ; to fizzle, kiu-kia 
 kie; to wail and moan. sit-sap-kie ; the pat- 
 ter of feet. chit-chok-kie ; the clatter of feet, 
 tiang-tiang kie ; twanging. tng-tng-kie; the 
 thrum of stringed instruments, chong-chong- 
 kie ; the sound of marching feet. long-long- 
 kie ; the tramp of many feet, chok-chok-kie ; 
 the sound of scampering feet. hi-hfi-kle-kie ; 
 the rustle of leaves. ho°-ho''-kie ; the sound 
 of loud breathing through the nose. phuh- 
 
 phuh-kie ; to splutter. ke-ke-kie ; to cackle, 
 phok-phok-kie ; phit-phok-kie ; phih-pliGh-kie ; 
 the sound of wings flapped violently, khauh- 
 khauh-kie ; a craunching sound made in eating, 
 la-la-kie ; the crackling of a fire. khih-ce-kie ; 
 snickered out. thia" tieh khih-ce-kie; when he 
 heard it he snickered. ha-ha-kie ; the sound 
 of many voices. sap-sap-kie ; to talk rapidly, 
 to chatter, phiak-phiak-kie ; a clatter. phg- 
 phe-kie ; fluttering of wings, phe-phe-kie pue 
 khu ; fluttered away. phiak-ce-kie ; fluttered 
 off. leng-leng-kie ; jingle like a tea-bell, 
 
 long-long-kie ; tinkle like a sleigh-bell, huang 
 huh-huh-kie ; the wind howls. ca-ca-kie ; to 
 quake as with fear, hng-hng-kie ; humming, 
 kheng-kheng-kie ; the jangle of large bells, 
 cuh-cuh-kie; the noise made in sucking in food, 
 ki-ki-kie ; ong-ong-kie ; a ringing in the ear.s, 
 n3e°-me"-kie; the lowing of cattle, raeh^-meh"- 
 kie ; the bleating of sheep. hng-hng-kie ; the 
 buzzing of insects, hom-hom kie; the murmur 
 of many voices, kauh-ce-kie ; the sound made 
 in breaking wood. lih-ce-kie ; the sound of 
 
 tearing cloth. kok-ce-kie ; the sound of chop- 
 ping something hard in two. siak-siak-kie ; 
 the noise made in chopping green wood, ng-ng- 
 kie ; a noise like purring. ai"-ai''-kie ; a sound 
 like braying. kauh-ce-kie ; the noise made 
 
246 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 in cracking the finger joints. au''-au°-kie ; to 
 mewl. hpli-hph-kie ; grunt from satisfaction, 
 ki-ki-kie ; to squeal or neigh. a°-a°-kie ; the 
 ci'ying of an infant. khiak-khiak-kie ; the 
 sound made hy striking two bamboos together, 
 huh-ce-kie cii b6 khu; whizzed and disappeared, 
 khau kau hih"-hnk-kie; cried so that he sobbed, 
 i-a-kie; the sound of a sing-song. i"-{ii"-kie ; 
 ai°-ai"-kie ; moaning. ngi-ngau-kie ; mutter- 
 ing. kuh-kuh-k\e ; stammering. hi-hu-kie; 
 snuffling. ki-kuai-kie ; warbling. ong-5ng- 
 kie; bawling. 
 
 j^t klo 140 The ef^g plant. 
 
 /J\A 376 5 bdi kiii kai kie ; buy a few 
 
 egg-plants, ang-sai-kie ; tomatoes. 
 
 kie 75 A bridge; a cross-beam to 
 IhI 374 12 support a frame, 
 cd cek tio kie hd khut nang kiie; make a bridge 
 for people to cross upon. ci' c6k tun kie-tun 
 CO jieh coi ci" ? How much was the cost of 
 making this pier of the bridge ? ch& kie ; a 
 wooden bridge, cieh kie; a stone bridge, kie- 
 nie sang poi" u lang-kang pe° t6 kp ; the sides 
 of the bridge are guarded by a paling. kie 
 
 ciu mng u jieh klmah ? What i.s the distance 
 between the piers of the bridge ? i t6 kie 
 
 teng ngp tieh ua ; he met me on the bridge, 
 ke pang kie ; lay down a board to cross 
 on. lak-gueh chiu-lftk sx kui kue kie ; on the 
 sixth of the sixth month the spirits cross the 
 bridge. 
 
 kie 159 A sedan chair. 
 
 371 12 cek teng kie ; a chair. c5 
 kie ; to go in a chair. loh kie ; to set a chair 
 down, ko kie; hire a chair, kng kie; to carry 
 a chair. kie kiii te'ng kie lai ; call several 
 
 chairs. kie kha; kie po ; chair-bearers. kie 
 pho; a chair-stand, si cp toa kie a cp si'e kie ? 
 "Was he in such a chair as is used by officers, 
 or in such as is used by the common people ? 
 sin-se° kie ; a doctor's chair. kie kng, cek 
 
 hii jieh coi nguu ? How much does a pair of 
 chair-poles cost ? kie kp ; bamboo poles, sup- 
 porting a chair. kie tiiu ; the body of a chair, 
 kie liam, kie teng, kie cab ; the curtains, roof 
 and door of a chair. ham i kai kie phah jip 
 to ci lai ; tell them to bring the chair in here, 
 kie teng ; a lamp for a sedan chair. kue sua" 
 kie ; a palaukiu ; a chair in which the occupant 
 reclines. hue kie ; a bridal chair, lim cie° 
 
 kie cia° lai cak kha ; begin to dress your feet 
 just as you are to step into the chair; not get 
 ready till you start. cp pang kie toi hip tieh 
 juah ; sat smothering in the chair. sang poi" 
 
 no kai t(5 hu kie ; two on each side helping to 
 lift the chair. si thai kie ; a chair with four 
 bearers. poih thai kie; a chair with eight 
 
 bearers, lek ni kie; a green broadcloth chair, 
 bun kua" jl pfn, bii kua" it pin, khim-che, h(5 cp 
 poih thai kie ; civil officers of the second rank, 
 military officers of the first rank, and imperial 
 commissioners, may sit in chairs borne by eight 
 bearers. 
 
 — kie' — 
 
 140 
 18 
 
 Ginger, and other plants of 
 the same family ; aromatic 
 
 kie" 
 
 363 
 condiments, 
 cho" kie"; fresh ginger. kang kie"; dried 
 
 ginger. kie" thoa"; baked ginger. 6i kie"; 
 toasted ginger, kie" phue; the peel of ginger, 
 kie" phien ; sliced ginger. kio si ; shredded 
 ginger. peh cek kp kie* loh khu ; break up 
 
 a piece of ginger and put it in. lam-kie"-hu ; 
 p)owde red ginger. kie°-ng; tumeric. thoah 
 cp iara-kie°-hu; grate it up and make powdered 
 ginger of it. ci" kie"; tender young ginger, 
 kie" b(5 ; large roots of ginger, lura kie" slang 
 hiam ; old ginger is the most pungent. thiig 
 kie"; preserved ginger. kie" thng ; the sugar 
 in which ginger has been preserved, cie' kie"; 
 a condiment made from ginger. cho kie"; a 
 relish containing ginger, liang-kie"; galangal 
 root. kio" cho ; spiced vinegar. iam kie°- 
 thng-cho ; put on some spiced and sweetened 
 vinegar. i si bile pat ciah tieh luah kie"; he 
 has not yet eaten sharp ginger ; he has not ex- 
 perienced hardship. ceng Ifo, liu cp kie" cap 
 lai eng ; after pounding it up, squeeze out the 
 juice of the ginger to use. kie" thng ; ginger 
 tea. ngo bi kie"; mixed condiments. 
 
 kie" 57 Better ; an excess ; a term of 
 
 366 8 comparison, 
 ci kai kie" kiie hu kai ; this is superior to that, 
 cia 10 kie" hia hph coi no ! This is far better 
 than that ! 6i khiam kie" kue thang ; to save 
 is better than to earn. soi kai kie" kiie toa 
 
 kai ; small ones are better than large ones. 
 
 — kieh — 
 
 kieh 130 A porter; portei"age; freight; 
 
 410 7 a calling, 
 ham kai ta'-kieh lai ta°; call a porter to carry 
 it. kieh-ci" jieh coi ? How much is the porter- 
 age ? kau ci kp eng jieh coi ciii kieh ? How 
 much was the freight to this point ? ci pang 
 ha jieh coi kieh ? How much luggage has this 
 theatrical corps ? nge kieh ; a strong porter, 
 kieh-sek; profession; rank ; antecedents. th6i° 
 si slm-mih kieh-sek ; discover vrhat is his posi- 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 247 
 
 iion in life. ci'a si lid kieh ; this is a good 
 
 occupation. ci kai naiig si cho kieh a si ia" 
 
 kieh ? Is this person one who does coarse or 
 fine work ? ci cek chun cie u sira-mih toa 
 
 kieh liiin ? Of what rank in the profession are 
 those advertised for this season ? 
 
 — kien — 
 
 KX- ^'6" £? Stable; firm; strong; resolute; 
 
 —Hi 380 8 lasting. 
 
 kieu-kii ; steadfast. kien-toi"; stable. kien- 
 sit ; solid ; substantial. kien-nge ; hardened, 
 solidified. co kau kien-kien ku-ku ; make it 
 so that it will be very durable. i kiii ci kien 
 c5i ; his purpose is fixed. sai i kai siaiig-sin 
 kien-ku ; strengthen his confidence, nang tieh 
 oi kien-jim ; one must have endurance. kien 
 cip ka-ki kai i ; holds obstinately to his own 
 idea. sim kien cieh la chwn ; unflinching 
 
 determination will wear away even a stone. i 
 kai sim kien cai ; his resolution is unwavering. 
 
 iPptx kien 61 Sparing ; saving ; niggardly. 
 Ull 383 11 kien-lien; unwilling to spend. 
 CO su mai" khah kien-lien ; do not be too 
 economical of force in doing things. i kien 
 
 c3.i, m kheng chut ci"; he is very close-fisted. 
 
 ^ kien 64 To contribute at a call from 
 ^,^ 449 7 government; to buy a title 
 or office; a benevolence levied for a state 
 exigency. 
 
 kien-toi ii jieh coi cl" ? How much money was 
 subscribed ? kien ngun cek choi" nie ; con- 
 
 tributed a thou.sand taels in silver, cia si kien 
 kai khang ham, bo kien sit siu ; this is the 
 purchase of an empty title, not of any real 
 office, i si kien sim-mih ceh-hara ? What title 
 did he purchase ? i°-keng kien kaa" khu cp ; 
 has already bought an office and gone to fill it. 
 kienkek; the office where contributions are 
 taken. lam-leng ia ho kien, hue-leng la ho 
 
 kien ; a I'aven's plume may be purchased, and 
 60 may a peacock's feather, tang ti-kai si-hau 
 u khui kien ? ^t what time was the subscrip- 
 tion opened ? 
 
 ^3 kien 147 To see ; to observe ; to per- 
 >ni^ 385 ceive by the senses ; a men- 
 tal view ; an opinion. 
 
 kien-sek ; knowledge gained by experience. 
 i kai kien-sek chim cai ; he has had much ex- 
 perience in it. i bun i kien kai su; something 
 rarely seen or heard, lu lo kau kien ; you are 
 more experienced, kien chie ; it is laughable ; 
 you will smile at it; (a polite phrase), ci kia" 
 BU lu thoi" 6i kien chie me ? Do you not think 
 
 this absurd ? i i°-keng kien-gi ; he is already 
 suspiciou.s. no nang kai i-kien m sie tang ; 
 
 the two hold different views, lu ho-f" kien tit 
 si c\e°-se"? How could you know it would be 
 so ? kak nang kak neng kai sek-kien ; each 
 
 person has his own experience. ci khi nS.ng 
 bo bun b6 kien ; these people have learned 
 nothing by experience, ciah kau hie" iSu hwn- 
 lio bo kien bo sek, theng co ; so old and yet so 
 inexperienced, doing things at random, ka-kl 
 m Ilio, rli tieh khu miig u kien-sek hue ? If you 
 do not yourself know what ought to be done, 
 why do you not go and ask those who have 
 experience ? put kien khi ho, ia put kien khl 
 m-ho ; have not discovered him to be either 
 particularly good or particularly bad. m-si u 
 ci kia" su cu m kien i kai 6i chii ; but for this 
 we should not have known his abilities, i kien 
 li m meng ; he does not clearly perceive the 
 principle of it. 
 
 ^B kien 120 A thin, sleazy, cheap silk, 
 Jvn 451 7 used for fans, toys, lanterns 
 and pictures. 
 
 kien si"; a fan made of lutestring. ci ko tie"- 
 bai si kien kai a si tin kai ? Is this valance for 
 the top of the bedstead made of lutestring or 
 of plain thin silk ? 
 
 kien 130 kien-ci-nek ; a muscle ; a 
 390 9 tendon ; lean meat. 
 
 kien 167 The hub. 
 
 386 9 toa-kwn-kien ; the gist ; the 
 main point. ci kai su si toa-kwn-kien kai su; 
 this is the leading feature of the affair. ci 
 pang cu kai toa-kwn-kien to ti-kp ? In what 
 part of this set of books are their important 
 doctrines to be found ? 
 
 if^ kien 64 To buy a title or office. 
 
 449 7 i si kien sim-mih kua°? 
 What office has he secured by a contribution 
 to the government? si kien cd cak, a si kien 
 cia" tng ? Has he purchased an office that is 
 given by a magistrate, or one that is conferred 
 by the imperial government ? 
 
 Am^ kien 9 Strong, vigorous, robust; in- 
 13^ 386 9 defatigable. 
 cang-kien ; sturdy. kun kut cang-kien ; 
 
 sinewy. i sui-si poih-cap hue hwn-h'o cang- 
 cang kien-kien ; although he is eighty years 
 old he is still very brawny, ua thoi" nin a-md 
 kai khi-thoi hwn-h'o cang-kien ; I see that 
 your grandmother is still hale and strong. i 
 lau nang khang-kien cai ; the old man is very 
 
248 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 vigorous, kten-eiang; able-bodied leaders, cf 
 kai ji kai pit lak klon c5i ; this letter is written 
 with bold strokeR. ia tieh Q klen-hau kai 
 
 hu-pit lai Bia cia° h(5 ; one should have a good 
 stiff pen to write it with then it would be 
 well done. 
 
 klon 54 To erect ; to set up ; to con- 
 
 386 6 stitute ; to confirm. 
 
 kien koug ; to deserve well of one's country, 
 kai-kten pang-ok ; to erect house.s. ci kai II- 
 hng h<5 klen co sia"; this would be a good place 
 to build a city. ci kai sia" kleii kan ta", 
 
 klen u jieh kii ? How long since this city was 
 built ? klen sia°, klen kau cl ko lai, Q choi" 
 gua ni lio ; from the time when this city was 
 founded until now is over a thousand years, 
 klen kai thah ; erect a pagoda. klen to, klen 
 to ti-ko? Where is the capital to be estab- 
 lished ? ci kai am tiang-si chang-klen k&i ? 
 When was this monastery founded? cf kiii 
 ni klen-ti ii cek chph mueh-kla"; these last few 
 years ht) has added to his possessions consider- 
 ably. klen-l\ u jieh coi hok-sek ; has bought 
 and laid away ever so many garments. tieh 
 leng-ua" klen-ti kai sin k&i ; must set up a 
 new one. toa giieh klen ; sie gueh klen ; a 
 
 long or short month, as fixed by the imperial 
 calendar. 
 
 — kiet — 
 
 kiet 85 Clean ; limpid ; neat. 
 
 377 12 cheng-kiet; clean, pure, sin- 
 sip kku cheng-cheng kiet-kiet ; arrange every- 
 thing very neatly, soi kau kiet-ceng ; wash it 
 perfectly clean. tut kau kiet-kiet ceng-ceng ; 
 scrub it perfectly clean. soi kau kiet-kiet 
 
 pell ; wash it white, thong koi" shu kau kiet- 
 cu ; sweep the whole space perfectly clean, 
 thong koi siu kau cheng-kiet c&i, Ing tiam 
 hun he ; cleansed throughout, and with every 
 spot, crease and blemish removed. 
 
 -tfc kiet-ku Hampered ; perplexed ; 
 
 jpt 376 embarrassed. 
 i cie^-si kiet-ku cSi ; he has lately had more to 
 do than he could attend to. ci hue cap hun 
 kiet-ku to ko; he now has more than he can do 
 and is greatly pi-essed. 
 
 X3t kiet 120 pa-kiet ; to wheedle. i 141 
 /fpl 376 6 Id pa-pa kiet-kiet; he is 
 officiously helping, with selfish ends in view. 
 i mia^-ke pa-kiet nang ; he is expert in wheed- 
 ling people. cia si to hun pa-kiet kki ; this is 
 currying favor by service. 
 
 kiet 117 To exhaust ; to carry to the 
 
 378 ~9~ utmost, 
 kiet-lak khu c6 kaa sdng ; do one's best to ac- 
 complish it. tp kaa ci-ko lai, lak kiet ; did it 
 thus far when my strength gave out. ceng- 
 sin i"-keng kiet; its vitality is gone, klet-cin 
 ph6ng..se" kai lak ; used up all the energy he 
 had. ciii ngwn bCi kiet; the fountain is inex- 
 haustible, koi-chl mill seng-U to kiet; in the 
 markets all business is dull, hAiig-chSng kau 
 ci'-ko lai kiet cili ; up to this time business has 
 been very dull, si-chfing uiih su to kang-kiet ; 
 the times are dull. ta° li sua' kiet hai kiet ; 
 
 there is now no business going on, either on 
 land or water. thang put kiet ; lay up money 
 without end. ci kla' su ft-si co tit s6ng cu 
 
 ciah put kiet; if this can be done there will be 
 a chance to earn food in abundance, tl kai ti- 
 hiig to si kang-kang kiet-kiet; no chance to 
 earn money anywhere, the times are so dull. 
 
 >M^ kiet 9^ One eminent for virtue or 
 PI^ 377 10 prowess ; heroic, 
 hau-ktet; a hero. eng-hiong hau-kiet kai 
 
 nang ; a valiant and famous leader. 
 
 — kih — 
 
 kih 112 To lay, as tiles or bricks ; 
 
 967 4 to pave, 
 kih chie"; to lay up a wall. kih cd che"-cng 
 
 kai chie°, a si kih cp hue-thd-kak kai chie" ? 
 Is the wall built up with burnt bricks, or with 
 unburnt bricks made from lime and clay, kih 
 c€k kai hue-h6k lai ceng hue ; build up a 
 mason-work basin, to plant flowers in, kih 
 
 cieh l6 ; lay a stone pavement, kih lai ciam- 
 c6ih cai ; well laid up, with correct angles and 
 vertical faces. cang chek lai kih c6 kai hue- 
 na; make a flower ba.sket of nnhusked rice, 
 cia si kih su niap-khong i kai ; this is heaping 
 up false accusations against him, 
 
 tIJS kih 181 The jaws, 
 A>^ 356 7 kih-kau ; kih-kau c6; the 
 cheek, i cang chiu khu piaug i kai kih-kau ; 
 he slapped her on the cheek. kih-kau-thau ; 
 cheek bones. buah kau no p6i° kih-kau ang- 
 ang ; smeared both cheeks till they were red. 
 
 ni^ nS- kih-kuh To stammer, kih-kfih- 
 •^flff Kfl? 632 kie, ta° m chut; stam- 
 mered and hesitated, and could not utter it. 
 ai" ta°, m ka° ta°, kih-kih kuh-kuh ; wanted to 
 tell it, but dared not, and so stammered and 
 stuttered. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE 3WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 249 
 
 — kirn — 
 
 kim 195 A huge fish found in the 
 ii\%^\ 473 10 Yellow River and reported 
 to be l^rge enough to fill a cart : the story is 
 that it cannot close its eyes and never sleeps, 
 cek me", mfik kira-kira, cng kai boi ut ; did 
 not close my eyes the whole night, and was 
 wholly unable to sleep. inS,k kim-kim ; eyes 
 staring and unwinking. 
 
 /^ kim 9 Now ; presently. 
 '^ 398 2 kim jit ; to-day. hln-kim ; 
 now. cu ko kau kim ; from ancient times till 
 now. kim Su ; after this, cu kim f Hu ; from 
 this time forth. kim ni ; this year. kim si ; 
 the present time. 
 
 kim 167 Gold, the metal par excel- 
 398 ~0~ Zewce; metal; golden; gilded; 
 metalic ; precious, chiah kim ; red gold, peh 
 kim ; silver. ngo kim ; all the metals, kim 
 hieh ; gold plate. kim tio ; bars of gold, 
 
 kheng to kim khp-thau-si ; make it into shoes 
 of gold, kim hue pi" ; gold pieces, kim poh ; 
 gold-leaf, tui co kim poh ; beat it into gold- 
 leaf, kim ngun ; wealth ; money, ci hu phin- 
 tie°ai" sia lui kim kai, a si tah kim poh cu ha? 
 Do you want the letters on this pair of screens 
 "written with pulverized gold, or will it do to 
 make them by laying on gold-leaf ? khi tio kim 
 siia"; make a gilded molding. thia° lu kai 
 
 ho kim ng&n ; listen to your instructive words, 
 cok kim ; cap cok kai kim ; pure gold. ci kai 
 kim I'o ke ; this gold is adulterated more, 
 phah tio kim lien ; make a gold chain. ]xi si- 
 pie-lien si kim kai, a si ngun khu llu kim 
 kai? Is your watch-chain of gold, or is it .silver 
 washed with gold ? i chah ki kim jii-i, kah 
 kua sang kim hi^-kau ; she wore a gold orna- 
 ment in her hair, and a pair of gold ear-rings, 
 ceng-ceng si kim kai ; it is wholly of gold. 
 kim gek ; gold and precious stones; valuable; 
 precious. i kfi,i nang kim-kim gek-gek ; he 
 
 is a very refined person. kim che"; the planet 
 Venus, che" kim cieh ; malachite, kim hue ; 
 brass-leaf ornaments, made like flowers, and 
 used as offerings. kim sek ; golden. clioi" 
 kim ; your daughter. kim kang cng ; a probe. 
 cii si kira-kng, lia ia ai" khang i ko tho; though 
 he were the gods that guard the temple gates 
 I would treat him as if he were clay. si min 
 kim thio, sui nang siah; a pillar having its four 
 sides of gold, does not mind which side is 
 hewed at. kio kim-ho-sSn hie^-se", phi-phi 
 
 pue ; like a green fly fluttering along ; a fine 
 and glittering presence, and nothing besides. 
 
 >0^ kim 167 A kind of thin brocade ; 
 5FnJ 399 8 flowery, 
 cap kfra kai ua" tih ; painted chinaware. ta" 
 kau ju hue su kim ; speak in a very flowery 
 style. khang kfm pi"; trim with flowered 
 
 braid. pu-kui iTi kui ku hie", ju j kfm me° 
 
 kia"; to be rich and not return to one's native 
 village, is like wearing brocade at night, (when 
 no one sees it). 
 
 AAs - kim 113 To restrain ; to prohibit; to 
 >J> 400 8 shut up ; to keep off ; to 
 impose restrictions. 
 
 liah i khu kim ; seize and imprison him. i si 
 kim to kam a kim to ki ? Is he shut up in tho 
 jail, or in the lockup of the yamun ? kim i 
 
 mai" cie"-se" co ; forbid his doing thus. kim 
 nang bo cie°-se°; prohibit people from so doing, 
 chut kim-tio lai tah, khut nang cai ; issue a 
 prohibitory placard to be stuck up, to let 
 people know. kim sla"; the Forbidden City, 
 the Closed Citadel, His Majesty's residence, 
 cia si huam-kim kai mueh; this is a contraband 
 article. kim tl ; forbidden places, i id cp 
 kim-ci; he acts as turnkey, ui kim ; disregard 
 a prohibition, cheng put cu kim ; the passions 
 do not restrain themselves, mih su bo kim b6 
 ki ; under no restraint in any way. tiam-tiara 
 kim to pang iSi, bp chut lai ; kept constantly 
 in the inner appartments, and not allowed to 
 come out. cia put kite kim cu-ce kim-tlam ce ; 
 this one merely goes to school that he may be 
 kept quiet there, ciu-jit kim to cu-ce ISi, b6 i 
 chut lai ; shut him up all day in the school- 
 room, and would not let him out. cie°-se" 
 khah kim khiii, tieh than i thong khi ce ; this 
 is too close for breathing, there must be an 
 aperture made for ventilation. kim-ci suang 
 jiang ; forbid vociferation, koi liah khu kim ; 
 catch the hens and shut them up. leng-ua" 
 boi kai koi-lam ho kim koi ; buy another coop 
 to keep the fowls in. ci'o kim to ci'o-lang 15i ; 
 the bird is confined in a cage, i kai tu kim"t5 
 tu-lp toi ; her pigs are shut up in a pen. kim 
 bo nang a cia ; forbid the breaking off of the 
 sugar canes ; no ti'espass allowed on this cane 
 patch, kim b6 nang tiah kue-ci ; prohibits the 
 picking of this fruit. 
 
 ft^^ kim 30 Unable to speak, from lock- 
 ">t|> 400 13 jaw or other disease, 
 kira-khau li ; dysentery and difiiculty in swal- 
 lowing, li-cit siang-teng ki kim-khau, kim- 
 khau kai cu oh ui ; the dysentery which is 
 most to be dreaded is that in which there is 
 difiBculty in swallowing, as this kind is difficult 
 to cure. 
 
260 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 J|/V kim 88 The wife of a motber's or 
 J(~| 401 ^ wife's brother, 
 bp kim ; mother's brother's wife. cbi klm ; 
 
 wife's brother's wife. ISa klm ; great uncle's 
 
 wife. 
 
 — kin — 
 
 Now ; the present, 
 kin ni ; this year. 
 
 kin 81 ; the 
 
 A^ kin 
 ^-| 398 
 
 present age. 
 
 kin 120 To press tightly; urgent; 
 ^jft 399 8 prompt; strait; instant. 
 6i kliah kfn a bSi ? Are they too small for yon ? 
 kin-io ktli ru; urgent bnsiness. kua° kfn c6 
 
 co; hurry its performance. b6 slra-mili kfn-io; 
 not very pressing. ci hue fl kin-kip su ; have 
 now urgent affairs on hand, pak k^n kin-ki'n; 
 tie it very tightly. kin-kin cu ai° kai ; have 
 immediate need of it. i cf-hue kai seng-H kin 
 cS,i ; bis business now imperiously demands his 
 attention. luvp kin-kin, peh iIi khui ; folded 
 together so tightly tliat I cannot get it open, 
 kha tham tieh lam-tho, khut i kuh k/n t6 k6 ; 
 his feet sunk in the mud, and it closed tightly 
 over them. ci sang bueh khah kfn ; these 
 
 stockings are too small for me. ci sang 6i b<Si 
 khua°, boi kin, tii-tu kah ; this pair of shoes is 
 neither too loose nor too tight for me, but they 
 fit exactly. tue kin to ko, tiii m chut ; it 
 
 adheres tightly, so that I cannot pull it off. 
 chin-cliio" ka lin kin tS ko, boi ka-lauh ; it is 
 as if stuck fast with glue, and will not drop 
 off. i kai Biiu ce tau m kin cu lok-lok khiia" ; 
 if the tenon is not mortised in tightly it will 
 rattle around, hara i tieb chie° kin ce li; tell 
 him he must make haste in arranging the 
 matter. tau ang, pak kin ; draw the cord 
 
 tight and tie it firmly. mih sii m hd tau 
 
 khah ang, ps'ik khah kin ; one must not carry 
 things with too high a hand. kin-kip kki 
 
 biin-cu. ; an urgent dispatch. cia cu miu-eng 
 kin ; 3'ou need not be in a hurry about this. 
 ai" kin kai ; what will not brook delay. khu 
 chui kin ce ; go and hurry it up. liah kin- 
 
 kin ; seize firmly. m ta-kiu ; of no great 
 
 consequence. liah m ta-kin ; to despise. ce 
 liu kin i cu si ; if you sqneeze it hard it will 
 die. cip kin-kin ; hold it fast, koih kin-kin ; 
 pick it up carefully with chopsticks. i kai 
 
 se" kin cai ; he is of an impatient disposition, 
 pho kin ; clasp tightly in the arms. pak m 
 
 kin, kliut i cau khii ; escaped because he was 
 not firmly fastened up. khut i thi kin to ko ; 
 stuck tight with bird-lime, cheng kai kin sin 
 sa"; wear a close-fitting jacket. ™Ag kue° 
 
 kin-kin; the door was closely shut. khut i 
 
 hla kin to ko ; it was firmly withheld by him. 
 teh klu-kin ; held down tightly, by a weight 
 above. hip kin-kin ; closely covered in. ciu- 
 jtt lin kin to kai plio c6i°; sticks to his shop all 
 day long. siak ko ci°, ci" kin ce ; whittle out 
 a wedge, and wedge it tighter. ci kai chiu- 
 hwn kiia tieh khah kin ; this bracelet is too 
 small for me to wear. tali kin to chie" ko ; 
 
 stuck tightly on the wall. co su tieh ii khua" 
 u kin ; in doing things one must know when 
 to delay, and when to be prompt, kiu-kip ; in 
 extremity. 
 
 jfeB kin 120 A thin sleazy silk ; lutestring. 
 Jvn 451 7 i khia ki k\n si°; he carried a 
 silk fan. ci lui tiii-lin si pie kin kai a s! pie tiu 
 kfti ? Is the mounting on this pair of matched 
 scrolls, of thin or of thick silk ? tieh thai 
 kue kin thai; sift it through a lutestring sieve. 
 
 — kio — 
 
 "ff^ kio 88 Delicate ; comely ; graceful ; 
 3(|Pl 368 12 styli.sh; petted, 
 i ctt sbi kio-iang kui"-8i°; from childhood she 
 has been accustomed to indulgence. sia put 
 tit kio chi ; a comely wife cannot be put away, 
 ta-pang khi l&i kio-kiah ; very elegantly dress- 
 ed, kio-lim ; seductive. ISu lai kio ; beauty 
 in old age. siu-sip kau kio tih-tih ; arranged 
 very elegantly. 
 
 j^ kio 134 With, by, to, for. 
 
 Z^R^ 1125 8 lii cp-ni m kio lia ta° cai ? 
 
 Why did you not tell me about it ? kio nang 
 m sie t^ng; unlike other people, lia kio lu cp- 
 pu lai kliu ; I will go along with you. u 6i°, 
 ai° kio 111 ta" ue ; when at leisure, I wish to 
 speak with you. i kio lu io siang-hp ; he is 
 i-ather friendly with jou. ua kio i m sek ; 
 
 I am not intimately acquainted with him. Id 
 h<5 khu kio i ta"; you go and tell him. kio i 
 a-ti I'p-pu l&i ; came with his younger brother, 
 kio i cp-pii ciah ; mess with him. lu kio lia 
 boi ; you buy some for me. ua i''-keng kie i 
 kio lia CO ; I have already ordered him to make 
 one for me. lia kio lu su-li kau hp-hp ; I will 
 set them all in order for you. cia kio ua bp 
 kang-siap ; this is nothing to me. 
 
 B^^ kio 187 Proud ; ungovernable ; self- 
 >>^|P| 368 12 confident, 
 kio-ngau ; overbearing ; arrogant. kio-kio 
 
 keng-keng; very presumptuous, tieh cai kwn- 
 hak i, mai" khut i kio-chia, im-it ; you must 
 keep him under control, and not allow him to 
 be proud and self-indulgent. i kai ta" tie kio 
 cSi ; he talks in a very conceited way. sien 
 
DICTIONAUY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 251 
 
 kio da cii pit-tla" sien mi"; the hauj2fl>ty are 
 sure to be sycophantic. hia m kio-ngilu iiang 
 kai, i cQ b6 mill thiara-mi" nang ; he who is 
 not snperciiious toward people, is not apt to be 
 subservient to people. 
 
 J^2R^ kio 111 To exercise undue authority; 
 AIrI 370 12 obstinate, 
 niai" kfo-kiang i ; do not force him to it. cie"- 
 se" sag si kio jiu cau cak ; that is acting as the 
 exigencies suggest; being firm or yielding as 
 one's interest demands. 
 
 rt-h kio 19 To assist; to help; to succor. 
 XyJ 70 5 <I-tiang kio lu? Who helped 
 you about it ? kio i khui hang ; help him to 
 open a store. i ce u nang kio cu seng ; if he 
 gets help from some one he will accomplish it. 
 
 4<i» kio 64 To roll up the sleeves. 
 tj N^ 821 "9" chiu-ng ra tieh kio phii ce ? 
 Why do you not roll your sleeves higher ? 
 chia-ng kio khah phu ; your sleeves ai^e rolled 
 up too high. cia chia-ng khah to : ho kio 
 
 cek kho, iu-h(5 kio no klio ; these sleeves are 
 too short : they may be turned up one fold but 
 Dot two. 
 
 <6yfe kio 184 A meat dumpling. 
 
 py^ 372 "6" hd khau khiak-kliiak-kie si 
 to boi hio a m si ? The sound of a rattle out 
 tiiere is made by some one who is selling damp- 
 lings is it not ? khu phau via" kio hli tiam- 
 sim ; go and warm up a bowl of dumplings for 
 luncheon. ua ai" cp co kio ciah ; I want to 
 make it into dumplings, kio phiie, kio a°; the 
 paste, and the filling of a dumpling, sfili kio ; 
 to boil dumplings. i kai kio pan he-bi ; his 
 dumplings are stuffed with dessicated prawns. 
 
 kio 64 To excite ; to stir up. 
 
 371 20 kio-jio; to disturb, i si to kio 
 si kio hui ; he is exciting discussion. i cong- 
 kii lai kio-kio jio-jio ; he is always coming and 
 annoying me. cia lai kio-jio pang lu ko, m 
 
 kai; T have discommoded you, as I ought not. 
 
 iMi kio 120 To hand over. 
 n^L 370 13 kio leng ; to deliver orders, 
 kio kng ; to hand in an essay. kio-hai" i lio ; 
 already delivered over to him. bue ceng kio ; 
 undelivered. eng kia° kio to kua" teng; 
 
 the stolen goods are delivered to the officials, 
 kio phie ; deliver the written directions, hang 
 sa" jit lai ciu ai" kio cheng-cho ; all to be 
 delivered within three days. kio khoi ; to 
 
 hand over the deeds. kio sio ; to band over 
 
 the accounts. 
 
 kio 64 To raise with a lever ; to pry 
 ^nd 370 12 up. 
 kio khi lai ; pry it up. khut i kio cih ; broken 
 in being pried up. khieh ki phiie-chiang khu 
 kio; take a crowbar and pry it up. kio ru khi; 
 cannot pry it up. i thi khu me" cSi : thoi" i 
 
 kai cam li-li kio ; she sews very fast : see her 
 needle fly. khieh ki cam lai kio lia kio chua"; 
 take a needle and pick out this sliver for me. 
 kio ; dig oysters from their shells. 
 
 — kick — 
 
 kiok 177 To address. 
 457 8 kiok-kiong ; to bow. kiok- 
 kiong ki" loi ; the etiquette of salutation, i c5 
 ki° tieh kiok-kiong kiok-kiong ; as soon as he 
 saw him he bowed repeatedly. 
 
 — kiong — 
 
 zy\^ kiong 61 The exhibition of respectful 
 '>J»t 462 6 feeling; to treat with sedate 
 courtesy; to revere; polite, kiong-kiong keng- 
 keng ; reverently ; very politely. Idi-sio .sim si 
 kiong-keng; his courtesies are very respectful, 
 kiong hi; I wish you happy New Year, kiong 
 ho ; respectful congratulations. kiong hau 
 
 meng-leng; I respectfully await your orders, 
 kiong-keng put ju chong meng ; obedience is 
 better than politeness. ki" tieh ne kiong- 
 
 kiong ; very polite on meeting him. soi hi" 
 
 kiong thia"; listen reverently. mih su kiong 
 siln ; yields devout obedience in everything, 
 kiok-kiong chia" tai ka; bow respectfully and 
 ask instructions, chut kiong ; go to the privy. 
 
 kiong 158 The body ; one's person ; 
 4G1 ~3~ personally, 
 kiok-kiong; to make a bow. ta kiong; to 
 
 miike a bow with the hands joined and then 
 raised over the head. khu i min coi" ta cek e 
 kiong; go before him and make a very respect- 
 ful bow. 
 
 4;4|* kiong 64 To place the hands before the 
 gy'> 463 6 breast so that the thumbs 
 come together, as when making a bow. 
 hok che" lai kiong cie ; may happy stars light 
 your way. nin ji ui chai die" lai kiong cie ; 
 will you two give us the light of your pre- 
 sence, kiong chia ; to bow with the hands 
 raised as high the head. 
 
 — kip — 
 ^^V- kip 61 Hasty ; impatient ; anxious ; 
 iLU^ 393 5 hurried; unea.sy ; solicitous: 
 urgent ; zealous for ; hard up ; in extremity, 
 lu kai sim mai" kip ; do not be unea.sy in your 
 mind. min-eng sim kip ; there is no occasion 
 
252 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 for anxiety. i k§,i klmi kip; his breathing is 
 rapid, cf kia" su kip cSi ; this business is very 
 urgent, km nung kai kip lang ; rescue people 
 from pressing want, cek si ce tieh kip, cn^ kA,i 
 b6i sie"; never thought of it in the hurry of the 
 moTnent. hd-ko kai cui kip c5i ; the water 
 there is very rapid. kip-kip ju lut-lung; 
 
 impatient as Mercury. kip ceng; a virulent 
 disea.so. ci hue kfii-kip cSi; am just now much 
 pressed with business. ham i kai se" inui" 
 
 khah kip; tell him not to be too impatient, 
 cia put kue .si km ngan-coi" cu kip; this is 
 merely for the relief of immediate necessities, 
 i lui kau kip ; becomes to bring information 
 of need. cie" kip-pek cp cfti tit chut? How 
 can it be done with such urgency ? kip-chiet 
 ki" kai ; what there is pressing need of. lieh 
 Boi" ta" mai" khah liin-kip cia" Itii ta"; you must 
 speak of it boforeliand, and not wait till you 
 ai'e just on the point of requiring it and then 
 come to say so. 6i" bi r7i sie hie", kip si a clh 
 h^t chi'u ; when at leisure burn no incense, and 
 when in extremity snatch at Buddha'H hands 
 and break thera. kip-si cek t/am ju kam lo; 
 when in extremity a little drop is like a re- 
 freshing dew. 
 
 K^ kip 120 To supply ; to provide what 
 ^|lt 398 6 is necessary ; to give out. 
 i si ti cek khue kai kip-su-tong ? Of which 
 bureau in the Censorate is he the secretary ? 
 cia, si cong-tok sie°-kip kfii; it was conferred by 
 the Governor, si tl-tiang id keng-kip i ciah ? 
 Who supplies him with food ? kai gfleh kip 
 sa" k&i ngun khut i cp khau-nle ; furnishes 
 him a monthly allowance of three dollars for 
 buying food. cek jit kip nfi tang hi khut i ; 
 gives her a daily allowance of two measures of 
 rice. cfa si iu tie°-pa,ng kip chut lai, a si tiii 
 to hang pho ko khieh ? Is this issued from the 
 magistrate's otfice, or is it got at shops ? 
 
 Tt^ kip 29 To effect ; to reach to ; extend 
 >>^ 394 2 toward or stretch on to ; to 
 influence at a distance; to communicate; to 
 connect; to implicate; effected; done; and, 
 with, also, at, to, about, concerning, 
 kip ca ; at once, while there is time. tieh 
 
 khng-koi nin tieh kip- ca hue than; must exhort 
 you to at once change your course, lai tit kip 
 a lai m kip? Did he come in time ? lui-kip pfit 
 n&ng ; implicate other people, sneh-kip ci cak 
 tp-li ; in explanation of this portion of doctrine, 
 tham kip si-cheng kai su ; conversing on pass- 
 ing events, lun kip ceng nang kai se"-cheng ; 
 discussing people's dispositions. ngi-eng-kai 
 kip-si hue-koi ; ought to repent in season, 
 kau au-lai le cu sie"-siu-hvie bp kip; afterward, 
 
 when you come to regret it, it will be too late, 
 r chu kip pi; get to this through that ; one 
 step leading to another. kip kau ciang-sSng ; 
 until ho becomes of ago. kip toi"; the highest, 
 sam kip ti ; the Emperor's three highest ad- 
 vi.sers. lia pi i put kip ; to compare me with 
 him will not do. put kip thi-huang, hut-jien 
 cQ kau; notwithstanding adverse circumstances, 
 we reached there very quirkly. kip kau lia 
 
 lai cia" cai ; upon my coming, I become aware 
 of it for the first time, ni tng kip ki ; to come 
 of age, as a girl at sixteen years, huang be gd 
 put siang kip; the wild horse and wild ox do 
 not roam together. cQe boi kip tieh i ; he is 
 not involved in the crime. hu kia" r-kip ci 
 kla° I6ng-c6ng c6 h<5 ; those as well as these are 
 all finished, ci k&i hok-khi 5i kip tieh lu; this 
 ble.ssing will extend its influence to you. hQa 
 kip i kai sin ; the evil effects extended to him. 
 toa"-toa" kip tieh i ka-kl tla"-tla"; it concerns 
 no one but himself. mai" wn-kip p&t nang; 
 
 do not allow your dislike to extend to other 
 people. lien-kip hu k^i tl-hng to 5i ; extends 
 to that place also. 
 
 — kit — 
 jtit kit 120 To knit ; to fasten ; to set, 
 /ppl 376 6 as fruit ; to tie ; to bolt ; to 
 congeal ; to fix ; to bind by agreement, 
 kit bueh ; to knit stockings. kit mllng ; to 
 
 make netting. mni^ khang l&i kit ; close and 
 bolt the door. khieh much khu kit; take 
 
 something and fasten it. M kai cam kit pang 
 tl-kp ? Where have you stuck your needle ? 
 khui hue kit ci; blossom and bear fruit. ci 
 cdng chia kit ti jieh coi kiie-ci? How much 
 fruit does this tree bear? 6i khui hue bSi 
 
 kit sit ; it blossoms, but does not bear any 
 fruit. thoi" fl sim-mih kit kiie ; see what 
 
 results. kit-pai cp hia°-ti ; entered into a 
 
 contract to become brothers. i si kio lia kit- 
 pai cp ci-mue ; she has bound herself to be my 
 sister. kit-hwt hu chi ; chau thau kit hwt ; 
 a long married couple. i f-keng to kua° 
 
 min coi" ku kit; he has already certified to it 
 before a magistrate. sia kit-cng ; tng-tfig sia 
 kit-cug ; to write a certificate. tieh u hie" 
 
 kua" kai in kit, cia" ho kia"; there must be a 
 certificate from the village magistrate, then it 
 may go on. tang i ce chin cu kit toi"; when it 
 is cold it will stiffen and become hard. chin 
 thi"-si cQ kit tang ; in cold weather it becomes 
 solid, kit cang ; fasten the coiffure. 
 
 • I * kit 30 Auspicious ; felicitous ; indi- 
 I — I 391 T eating success, 
 kit jit ; a lucky day. kit si ; an auspicious 
 
 time. ii kit jit ia tieh U kit si lai kah; having 
 
DICTIONABT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 263 
 
 found a lucky day, one njusfc have a lucky 
 hour to go with it. tS.i kit U clii ; a good 
 
 chance for a speculation. hong hiong hue 
 
 kit ; it happened tliat the evil omens changed 
 to good ones. kit jin cu u thien siang ; pros- 
 perous people have the help of heaven. toh 
 kit ; phok kit ; seek a lucky omen. ci'a sng si 
 kit slang kai mueh ; this may be reckoned as a 
 thing of good omen. kit die" cie lim ; a 
 
 happy star shines upon it. khai ciang t5i 
 
 kit; may great prosperity attend the opening 
 (of tlie shop, at New Year), kit ti ; a favored 
 spot, kit hwt; a good place for a grave, kit 
 loi ; felicitous offerings. 
 
 kit 75 kit-ke"; a common medicine 
 '|l| 376 6 for coughs, the root of the 
 Platycodon graudifolium. 
 
 "T^^ ^it 7^ '^^® dwarf orange. 
 jjoj 457 12 kim kit; the kuraquat orange, 
 cia kit SI ciap ka" a m si ? This dwarf orange 
 is grafted on the large orange is it not ? tiara 
 kit ; small sweet oranges. kit pi'a"; pressed 
 
 oranges. si-khui kit; the nutmeg orange, 
 
 kit hong ; dried orange peel. kiara kit ; 
 
 pickled oranges. 
 
 — kiu — 
 
 Bent down ; compelled 
 to stoop ; unable to ex- 
 
 If IE ""^r 
 
 Iricate one's self. 
 mai° kiu-niu ; do not double yourself down 
 into a heap. i co-ni kiu-kiu niu-niu, cng k§,i 
 m chun-chu ? Why is it that he is bent down 
 double, and does does not straighten himself 
 up at all ? 
 
 To shrink up ; to contract ; 
 to draw in ; to pucker up ; 
 
 kiu 120 
 
 780 11 
 to recoil. 
 
 kiu kau hu toi-toi jip khu ; withdrew into the 
 inner recesses. kiu chun bo ti'am-kia", <p- 
 
 tp ; shrunk up so that only a little short bit 
 remains. i kiu lio m hau" chun chut lai ; he 
 draws himself in, and will not stretch out 
 again, lu phien i chun chut lai, ce kia° tieh, 
 i cu kiu jip khang toi tiam ; if you entice him 
 out, as soon as he is frightened he withdraws 
 and hides himself in the depths of his hole 
 again, i tp-kiu jip khu; he has drawn himself 
 back (into his shell). ce phak ta cu kiu ; as 
 Boon as it is dried in the sun it shrinks. cia 
 p6 soi Ho oi kiu; this cloth shrinks in washing, 
 kha kiu bua, khut nang kue lo ; draw in your 
 feet and let people pass, i kai chiu kiu to sa"- 
 ng toi; her hand was drawn up into her sleeve. 
 Id mai" kia" i kiu ; do not scare him so as to 
 
 make him retreat into his hole, ka kia" Ho, ka 
 thau kiu jip khu; when the tortoise is frighten- 
 ed he draws in liis head, i al" kia loh th6 toi, 
 kiu r7i ll, khut lia llah tieh ; he was going to 
 draw himself into the ground, but before he 
 did it, I caught him. th6i''-ki° i ll-hai cu kiu- 
 thp ; saw it was dangerous and drew back, 
 khut i kua° kiu khu; shrunken with cold, kiu- 
 bua ; to contract or draw up. i kai nang kia 
 bua m ka" chut lai; he stood huddled up 
 against the wall, and dared not come out, ham 
 i mai" kiu-niu, ka"-ka" ne ; tell him not to 
 shrink back, but to come boldly forward. ua 
 thoi" i CO su cp oi kiu-kiu ne : si bp ch^i-cheng 
 a si bo ta"-liang ? I wonder why it is that he 
 acts so timorously: is it because he is incompe- 
 tent, or because he lacks confidence in himself ? 
 ai" kiu, kiu m tit ; wanted to draw back out of 
 sight, but could not. 
 
 Pjj^ kiu 157 To walk with short steps. 
 itIB 780 11 i kia" khu kha kiu-a-kiu, m 
 kfi" kia" toa po ; he walks mincingly, not 
 venturing to take long steps, i kia" khu cp-ni 
 kiu-kiu ne ? Why does he walk so carefully ? 
 
 y;M km 120 To combine for unlawful 
 7\*f 414 2 purposes, 
 i cp-ni ka" kiu ceng hSi-to ? How dare he lead 
 the people into a feud ? ua khut i ki'u-ti" kau 
 ui ; I have been lead by hira till I am sick of it. 
 i cong-ku lai kiu-kiu ti"-ti"; he is all the time 
 coming and involving us in his affairs. khut 
 chph su kiu-ti" kau boi tit khui sin; was entan- 
 gled in an affair so that I could not get away. 
 
 ^t2 kiu 116 To examine into judicially. 
 ]y^ 415 2 kang-kiu; to cross-examine, 
 kang-kiu kau meng-meng peh-peh ; inquired 
 into it so as to be quite certain as to the facts, 
 khiong kiu ; make an exhaustive examination, 
 kiu keng si cp-ni ? After all, what does it 
 amount to ? mai" khu chim kiu i ; do not go 
 and make a profound search into it. tui kiu ; 
 follow up the investigation. keh cap gua nl 
 cia" lai tui kiu ci kia" su ; came after a lapse of 
 more than ten years, and pursued the investiga- 
 tion, kua" cp-ni kiu ti i ? What sort of over- 
 hauling did the magistrate give him ? cia 
 tieh ngiara kiu kau thiet-tdi ; this must be 
 sifted to the bottom. cie"-se° kiu phoi" khu 
 tieh huap ; this prosecution has been conducted 
 according to law. pheng jit khau-kiu to to 
 lai ; turn it over constantly in my own mind, 
 kiu-mng i kai cheng-iu ; inquire into the cir- 
 cumstances which led to it. i cp mih su si ii 
 kang u kiu, bp theng cp ; in whatever he does 
 
254 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 he informs himself in regard to the way it j 
 ought to be done, and does not act heedlessly. | 
 ua pit ai° kun kiu kau ci kia" su mSng-p6h ; 
 I shall certainly make a radical examination 
 into this affair until it is cleared up. chia° 
 kua"-hu km tui ; ask an official investigation. 
 
 km 66 To assist ; to rescue ; to save 
 415 Y from evil ; to liberate ; to 
 protect; to prevent from going wrong ; relief; 
 salvation. lu kiu ua ce ; you come to my 
 
 deliverance. i co-ni m kheng kiu i ? Why 
 
 will he not render him any help? lii th6i" u 
 kiu me ? Do you think there is any deliverance 
 to be hoped for ? kiu 6i tit kip ; may succeed 
 in rescuing. b6i km m kip ; the help will 
 
 not be too late. sai ntlng l^i thd km pia°; 
 
 send some one to ask for a body of troops to 
 be dispatched to their relief. kiu pia° ^u km 
 liue: ce lai thd km, m^"-m6" ca tieh khu kiu ; 
 going to the relief of the troops is like going 
 to help put ont a fire : as soon as the call for 
 help comes, one must immediately go to the 
 rescue. khf pia"-be khi kiu i ; raise troops 
 
 and go to their relief. kiu 8e°-mla°; save his 
 life, kiu mia" cc ; km rala° ce ! Help ! Help ! 
 km kho kiu lang ; save from suffering. kiu 
 Bi ; deliver the world. k\u si cii ; the Saviour. 
 cS,u-luie i lai tap kin ; fortunately he came to 
 the rescue. khu piia" lo ta kiu i ; went half 
 
 way and there rescued him. mo" i lai km len; 
 hope they will come and raise the siege, kiu- 
 ci khlong-kho hue; help the miserable. ceng 
 n&ng khu kiu-hii i ; they all went to his help. 
 rae"-me° khu km ke ; haste to the rescue, kiu 
 kip ; deliver when in extremity, km se° kek ; 
 a life-saving society. khah mang kiu, kiu m 
 tag ; the help was rendered too late to be of 
 sei'vice. boi tit kiu; cannot save him. oh km; 
 difficult to render effective help. b6 kiu lio; 
 no help will now avail. i bo kiu ; there is no 
 salvation for him. me"-me" eng ieh thdi" kiu 
 tit lip me ; hasten to apply the remedies and 
 see if he can be saved, theng kiu thdi" oi uah 
 a boi ; render aid in any way possible and see 
 if his life may be saved, pheng-si u ci kai ieh 
 lai kiu cu. ciin-cun uah ; if he had had this 
 remedy in the beginniug he would surely have 
 been saved. kiu phin ; succour the poor. u 
 sim-mih sien huap ho kiu ki-hng ? What is the 
 best way of rendering relief in famine ? ham- 
 kie kiu ; call ont for help, khng-pang e jit hd 
 kiu nang ; lay it away and keep it to save some 
 one's life with at another time. cia si thdi'' 
 
 khu kiu pe ; this is apparently such discomfort 
 as one would endure for the sake of rescuing a 
 father. ii kiu lio ; help comes. 
 
 kiu 82 A ball; globular; spherical. 
 
 417 7 phah kiu ; to play ball, teng 
 kiu ; the globe of a lamp, feng-kiu hiie-pe ; a 
 chandelier. siu kiu hue ; the Hydrangea, 
 
 ta" siu kiu; to throw the embroidered ball, to 
 choose a husband. kiu koi"; a billiard room, 
 kha kiu ; play croquet. 
 
 m 
 
 kiu 76 A corpse laid in a coffin ; a 
 415 6 coffin with a corpse in it. 
 i kiii kiu ua"-ph,ng tl-ko? Where is his coffin 
 placed ? leng-klu ua"-pang toa thia" ; the 
 
 encoffined corpse lies in the main room, i kiu; 
 to remove an encoffined corpse. thSng-kla 
 
 thfing t6 ti-kp? Where is the still unburied 
 corpse deposited ? pkng-klu ; an encoffined 
 
 corpse that remains nnburiod. chut kiu; carry 
 out the corpse, kng kiu ; boar a coffin, sang 
 kiu ; to accompany a funeral, tin kiu ; to take 
 a corpse homo. cng kiu ; to bury a corpse. 
 
 Uah l^u kiu ; seize a body that is left too long 
 unburied. chftk kiu ; to lacquer a coffin, 
 
 i kai kiu si chak ua'-leh ; his coffin is caulked 
 with mortar made from pulverized rice bowls, 
 kiu f"-keng kku sua", toa" si hue ceng I6h 
 khiiang ; the body has arrived at the burial- 
 ground, but is not yet lowered into the grave. 
 
 kiu 104 A fault ; an error ; a mis- 
 415 8 demeanor ; blame, 
 k&i kiu ai° kui phng tl-tiang kp ? On whom is 
 the blame for this error to be laid ? i kui kiu 
 pang i kp ; he laid the blame on him. nin ai" 
 kui kiu ti-tiang ? On whom are you going to 
 charge the fault ? ci'a si ti-tiang kai kiu ? 
 
 Whose fault is it ? i put-leng si khi-kiu ; he 
 cannot shift the reponsibility for this error. 
 
 — kiuh — 
 
 kiuli 41 To squirt, to spurt. 
 
 749 7 kiuh cek chph ciii chut lai ; 
 spurted out some water. hia ciii kiuh kau 
 
 hph hng khu ; the water spurts ever so far. 
 khut ciii kiuh kku cek sin ; the water spurted 
 all over him. ciii kiuh ; a water-squirt, i k^i 
 cui si Iph ieh kai, hia mak khut i ce kiuh tieh 
 ciu che°-me ; the water is medicated, and if it 
 spurts in one's eyes one becomes blind. hia 
 kia"-caug kai, ce chng tieh, i kfii hueh ciu 
 kiuh chut lai ; if you stab those who are robust, 
 the blood spurts out. 
 
 kiuh 85 A syringe; to syringe. 
 395 13 khieh ki ciii-kiuh khu kiuh; 
 take a syringe and force the water from it. 
 hia ciii kiuh kai ciii si Iph ieh kai ; the fluid in 
 the syringe is medicated. mak khut i kiuh 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 26i 
 
 tieli cii che"-me"; if you get a spurt from it in- 
 to jour eyes, it will blind you. cia tieh eng 
 ciii-kinh, U'li kiuh, ciii cia" u lak ; we must take 
 a syringe and spurt the fluid out from that, 
 then it will enter with force. 
 
 B^ kiuh 
 to corpulence. 
 
 130 Fat; gross ; stout. 
 
 T2^ pui ki\u kiuh-kiuh ; stout 
 
 — kn 
 
 g 
 
 ^>Jk.. kng 10 Light ; luster ; brilliant ; 
 ylU 478 1[ illustrious : bright ; naked ; 
 smooth; bare; bald; to illuminate; to adorn, 
 jit kng cai ; the sun is very bright. hun cia 
 
 lio jit boi kng ; the sun is not bright when 
 obscured by clouds, thau-khak kng-kng iifig- 
 nfio- ; his head is very bald. thau-khak thi 
 
 kau kng-nng kng-nfig ; the head shaven very 
 smooth. teng thie kng ce ; pick up the wick 
 so that the lamp will give more light, ci chgh 
 iu co-ni liam khu bo hie" kng ? Why is it that 
 this oil does not give out much light when 
 lighted ? th6i"-klL'' hu-ko 6i han-kng; observe 
 the coruscation there. cek sin ne kng-kng; 
 very smooth all over. ciu sin ne kng-kng 
 
 kut-kut; his whole body is perfectly smooth, 
 biia kau kng-kng kut-kut, cie-ki" nang ia°; 
 polish it until it is so bright and smooth that 
 you can see yourself in it. tlii"-kng-ca; at 
 
 daylight, thi" la-lang-kng ; at <he first streak 
 of dawn. tlii" hue kng cu cau-khi ; got up 
 
 before daylight, lu thoi" thi" 6i kng a bue; see 
 whether the day is yet dawning. khut i clah 
 kau cut-cut-kng ; all eaten up clean by him. 
 kng-kia" kng-kia°; highly burni.shed. than-' 
 khak kng lut-sut; bald-headed; a shining pate, 
 cie kau inna"-tI-ko kng-kng ; shines so that it 
 is light all around, tang-tang kng ; gleaming. 
 i kai to lai tang-tang kng cai ; he is very clear 
 about it in his own mind. bo kng bo am ; no 
 underhand dealing ; no two sides to the trade, 
 ciah lio mak-ciu kng ; after eating it his sight 
 became perfect. ci kai sua" kng-kng, bo chia 
 bo bak; this hill is bare, having neither trees 
 nor shrubs on it. i kai than siu kau kng-kng; 
 her hair is combed very smoothly. kuah kau 
 kng-kng ; reaped bare. thiu kau kng-kng ; 
 
 planed smooth, gueh kng cai ; the moonlight 
 is very bright. thoi" tieh leng-ua" kng ; it 
 
 seems brighter. khieh hue khu chie" kng ; 
 
 take a torch and throw light upon it. 
 
 J\\ kng 18 The gods who reside in the 
 y 318 T thirty six large stars; the four 
 guardians put in the gateways of Buddhist tem- 
 ples; they have red, green, white, and black faces, 
 ji mng lai sai si tai-kim-kng ; inside the 
 
 second gate were four images representing tho 
 gods who reside in the thirty six stars. i 
 
 kai nang toa cai, chin-chle" kim-kng hie"-se"; 
 he is very large, like one of the guardians of 
 the gates of a Buddhist temple. kim-kng sie 
 phah, toa kang; a great hubbub, as if the gods 
 of the thirty six stars were fighting. 
 
 Ai-|* kng 121 A large, glazed, flaring jar. 
 m 1. 319 ~gr cui kng; a water jar. i kai 
 tang-kia" ai° khu phin i kai o kng ; the little 
 earthen pot is going to dash itself against the 
 stone jar. b6i kai kng lai chi kim-li; buy a 
 jar to rear gold-fish in. noi" kng ; a jar for 
 
 lotus plants, hue kng; large flowered jars. 
 
 -f f* kng 64 To carry on a pole ; to lift at. 
 *f , 1 ^ 319 3 kng kie ; carry a sedan chair, 
 nin no nang khu kng tie" cling lai ; you two go 
 and bring the table, bearing it between you on 
 a pole. kng iTi phu ; cannot lift it up when 
 
 straining at the ends of the pole. khah tang, 
 kng m khf ; it is too heavy and we cannot lift 
 it. kng kau eh"-eh"-kie ; grunts in carrying 
 it. ceng kau kng ie"; a pack of dogs carrying 
 off a sheep. 
 
 n~T* kng 130 The large intestine or colon. 
 /), 1^ 319 3 thut kng kai pe"; a rupture; 
 a protuded intestine, thut kng kai pe" peh ue 
 kiu-cp thut tng thau; protrusion of the intes- 
 tine is in common language called extruded gut. 
 
 koi rao' 
 
 kng 
 
 474 
 
 knc 
 
 duct; 
 
 118 A tube, a pipe, a 
 8 quills. 
 
 ij^ , the quill of a hen's feather. ka 
 
 tio g6-mq"-kng lai khng cam ; cut off a goose- 
 quill to keep needles in. au-leng kng ; the 
 wind-pipe. i cham kau au-leng kng nge ; he 
 has a lump in his throat because he is so dis- 
 tressed, hue kng ; a pipe used for blowing 
 the fire, mo" kng chng ; the pores of the skin. 
 
 kng 96 A tube of stone. 
 475 8 leng-kiig; the tube which 
 holds the peacock feather on an official cap. 
 
 knc 53 Occurs in many names of 
 478 12 cities or places, but when 
 used alone refers to Canton, 
 kng-tang nang; the people of Canton. kng- 
 tang se"; the Canton province. kng ciu hii ; 
 the Canton Department. tba u kng hue lai 
 
 boi me ? Have you brought any Cantonese 
 goods for sale ? kng-jio sui si su so-jio, hwn- 
 lio ia" ciang-jio ; Cantonese crape, although 
 inferior to Soochow crape, is still better than 
 Amoy crape. cia si tho tia" a sx kng tia"? 
 
256 
 
 DICTIONABT OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 Are these iron pans of Swatow manufacture, or 
 were they made in Canton ? chie kncf kua ; 
 sing ballads in the Canton dialect. cf kai s! 
 kng-tang pu-c6ng a si kng-sai pu-ceng ? Is 
 this the lieutenant governor of the Canton 
 province, or of the Kwangsi province ? 
 
 kiig 20 A scroll ; manuscript ; to roll 
 450 6 up as one rolls a scroll laid 
 on a plane ; books ; the ruled paper on which 
 essays are written. 
 
 khai kng Q iah ; to open the roll is beneficial, 
 tich b6i kai kng-to lai cho, ki° ttlu kng tiang- 
 si, ngS tieh u h6, kng cia° b5i pun ho ak tio ; 
 must buy a satchel to put the manuscript in, 
 then when it is to be delivered over, if there 
 should be rain, it will not get wet. da, si cin 
 kng, Ilia si 16h kng ; these are accepted, and 
 those are rejected essays. thin cp cu kng ; 
 
 essays copied out in red ink for examination, 
 bak kng ; the original copy of the essay. fi si 
 ki" tio bak kng lui thdi ; the original manu- 
 script after having been copied by another 
 than the composer, is sometimes called for. lii 
 k4i kng sia h(5 a hue ? Is your essay written ? 
 i kliu tau peh kng; he handed in a blank 
 manuscript. i kai bun-cie° th6i° tieh fo ii cu 
 kng; his essay shows a greater knowledge of 
 letters. ua tit tieh i ii kiii hieh kng hieh, sfa 
 l&i sIm ngfa ; I have obtained several leaves of 
 his manuscript, and it is beautifully written, 
 th&k cu bwn kng, ngo su c§k b6 sd eng ; one 
 may read ten thousand books, and then find he 
 has some business in which nothing he has 
 learned is of use. lia ai" cp cp kng cu, m cp cp 
 hue do ; 1 want written scrolls, not pictures, 
 kng cp cek kauh ; roll it up into a roll. kng 
 kau ku-kak ku-kak ; roll it up in such a way as 
 to keep the edges even at the ends, kng cua ; 
 ruled paper. kng ciia kho ; a writing book of 
 ruled paper, ruled in squares. 
 
 kng 154 To run a thread through ; 
 _ 475 4 to string on. 
 
 ci"-kng-sph; the string on which cash is strung. 
 cf choi" ci" bp tii kng, si cak kng kai ; this is a 
 full thousand of cash, nothing being deducted 
 on account of the value of the string, which is 
 extra, u kng kha a bp ? Is there a cash taken 
 out to pay for the string on which the others 
 are strung ? ci kai ci" si p6 kng kai; this cash 
 is to pay for the string used in stringing the 
 others. kau-kwn cie" kii, clioi" gua ci° boi la 
 tu kng kai ; though I have traded with you so 
 long, a thousand cash and over is not so much 
 but that you must deduct the value of the 
 atring. ci chph ci" cang ci°-kng-soh lai chng ; 
 get a cash string and string these cash. 
 
 kng 1G7 Steel ; iron hardened by fire. 
 
 319 8 ci ki to iS kng a bo ? Is this 
 knife edged with steel ? m cai kng cui jieh 
 
 h<5 ; do not know how well-tempered the steel 
 may be. nng kng ; soft steel, nge kng ; hard 
 steel. d ki kng ciii cu s! slang nge ; in this 
 
 one the steel is of the hardest sort. phah ki 
 c6ng kng k&i ; make one wholly of steel. 
 
 m 
 
 two. 
 
 kng 75 A carrying beam ; thills ; a 
 669 10 classifier of loads borne by 
 
 kaa"-cha kng; poles for bearing a coflBn. cek 
 tiii kle-kiig ; a pair of carrying poles for a 
 sedan chair. c6k kng ngiin ; as mach money 
 as two can carry between them. kia° ng^n 
 
 kng, kia" Idh se"; forwar4 silver in loads to the 
 Provincial city. khia ki kng lai kng sla"; get 
 a carrying beam, to carry the box of presents 
 upon. sla" kng : the beam of a box in which 
 presents are carried. 
 
 — ko — 
 
 ko 140 Mushrooms; mould; fungus. 
 
 419 8 hie° ko ; edible mushrooms, 
 kien ko ; Foochow mushrooms. kng ko ; 
 
 Cantonese mushrooms. sam oi hwt sam ko, 
 tek kha la hwt tek ko, chau la hwt cliau ko ; 
 timber produces the fir mushroom, the bamboo 
 mushroom grows at the roots of the bamboo, 
 and the weedy mushroom springs up among 
 the grass. si eng kai hie" ko ; fresh mush- 
 
 rooms, chau ko thia" ta° si cwn cp kai ; I 
 
 have heard it said that the common mushroom 
 is made to grow spontaneously. huam c\a' 
 
 peh hwt kai ko tieh ka-kl chii kai lai ciah cia' 
 lin-tang, la si theng boi kai, khiong-ui u khi 6i 
 tak kai, cu ciah hai nang ; it is safe to eat 
 mushrooms that are of spontaneous growth, if 
 you gather them yourself, but if you carelessly 
 buy them there is danger of their being poison- 
 ous and that you may be injured by them, 
 pi'a" khng kii se" ko; biscuits long kept become 
 mouldy. sa"-kh6 ce ip-clp-tieh kauh cu ai" 
 
 se" ko ; if clothes are damp when rolled up they 
 mould. k6 se" ko raph ; the paste has a layer 
 of mould on it. phi" tieh chau ko ; it smells 
 mouldy. hip i p6ih ko ; confine it in a close 
 vessel till it moulds. 6i ra phak, oi chie" ko ; 
 if the shoes are not sunned, they mould, sueh 
 tio ko ; brush off the mould. Iph kii ho mih 
 
 much kauh kau se" ko ; in long rains every 
 thing becomes mouldy from lack of airing, 
 hwt ko moh ; gather a film of mould. gu-sai- 
 ko ; puff-balls, sua" chu-ko ; wild tulips used 
 in medicine. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 257 
 
 •^J^ ko 85 To buy liquids. 
 'till 432 5 ko cfu ; to buy spirits. ko 
 c§k t^ng bo-hd kai ; buy a measure of the very 
 best, ko iu ; to buy oil. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ko 38 A father's or husband's sisters; 
 
 432 5 a polite term for females, es- 
 pecially youug and unmarried ones; to tolerate ; 
 lenient ; for the time. 
 
 ko-nie ; an unmarried lady. chi'a" a-ko lai 
 
 ciah piig ; ask aunt to come to dinner. toa 
 
 ko, soi ko ; the elder and younger sisters of 
 one's father or husband. a jl ko ; the next to 
 the eldest of one's father's sisters. ISu ko ; c6 
 ko ; grandfather's sistei's. lau ko po ; one's 
 great grandfather's sisters. ko so ; one's 
 
 husband's sisters. sa" ko lak phua; disrepu- 
 table women. ko-liam i si co huam: poh-ceh 
 i ce Ho cu pang i khu ; tolerate his having done 
 VFrong : reprove him slightly and let him go. 
 ko-chia", mang-mang-lai phah-?ng ; let it rest 
 awhile, and after a time we will consider the 
 subject. ko-sek ; indulgent. khah ko-sek e 
 jit cu oi khut i lui tieh ; if you are too easy 
 with him, you will hereafter be brought into 
 trouble by him. ko-tie"; a father's sister's 
 
 husband, i no nang si chin-chin ko pie ; the 
 two are own first cousins, sons of a brother 
 and sister. 
 
 jut\ ko 39 Alone; without a protector; 
 4/J\ 431 5 solitary ; fatherless. 
 i kai kliwn ko-hang cSi; his nature is solitary, 
 not gregarious. hin-khek i kai si ko h'o ; his 
 influence is now reduced. ko-hun bo i ; soli- 
 tary and neglected. kwn kua" ko tok kai 
 nang cham cai ; bachelors, spinsters, orphans 
 and childless people are very desolate. ko-ai 
 cu ; an afflicted orphan. ko-toa" bo phua"; 
 solitary and companionless. ko-lo kua"-bun ; 
 an unpolished scholar of limited opportunities. 
 i si ho thph ko kai nang ; he is one to whom 
 an orphan might be confided. 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ko 75 Rotten or dry wood ; dried 
 
 436 5 up ; withered, 
 ko-ta; dried up; withered ; arid ; sapless, min- 
 sek cng kai ko-kau ; his complexion is cadaver- 
 ous, liu tieh cek hu ko kut; dug up a skeleton. 
 i cek p6i° chi'u phien-ko ; one of his arms is 
 withered. hueh ko ; his blood is thin. ci 
 kai mau°-pe" si hueh-ko ti kai ; this ailment 
 arises from poverty of the blood, ciam-ciam 
 ko-ta ; gradually dried up and withered away, 
 ko chiu hong chnn cai hwt ki ; at the com- 
 ing of spring the old tree again puts forth 
 branches. 
 
 ko-16 Fleshless human bones. 
 436 t6i ci° lai siu ko-16; con- 
 tribute money to pay for burying old human 
 bones. ci kai li-hng si cng ko-16 kai ; this is 
 a place where old human bones are interred. 
 
 ko 160 A failure of duty ; to hold to 
 
 432 "5~ be guilty. 
 ko-hu i kai un; ungrateful ; disregardful of his 
 kindness. ai" i ie"-se", hue min ko-hii i ; need 
 not then be guilty of ingratitude toward him. 
 
 ApQ k6 108 A kettle ; a covered pot. 
 rnt, 433 11 te ko ; a large tea kettle. 
 siah ko ; a pewter kettle. pii^i-lo k6 ; a dish 
 to keep betel-nuts in. 
 
 ^kd 93 The male of quadrupeds. 
 588 3 be-ko; stallions, gu ko; bulls, 
 ie" ko; rams, tu ko; boars, kau ko; a male dog. 
 
 ko 207 A drum ; musical instruments 
 434 made of skin ; drum-shaped ; 
 to urge ; to rouse. 
 
 pie ko ; put a head on a drum, lui kd ; sound 
 a drum. cang cua phue lui pie hi°-k6 ; make 
 the head of a drum with snake-skin, ko phue; 
 the head of the drum. ko chie"; the wooden 
 part of a drum. ko teng ; the line where the 
 head is joined to the drum. phah 16 ko ; beat 
 gongs and drums. ko thui ; a drum-stick, 
 
 ko ke ; a drum -stand, pi ko ; carry a drum on 
 the back, ko tong-tong-kie ; ko tom-tom-kie ; 
 ko 6m-om-kie ; the drums give forth sounds, 
 such as are made by a small, by a medium 
 sized, and by a very largo drum. cien ko ; a 
 drum used in battle, boi-ie-kd ; a rattle used 
 by mongers of wares, to announce their com- 
 ing, phah ke° kd ; to beat the watches of the 
 night on a drum. tng ji kd a biie ? Has the 
 second watch been sounded yet ? kd-bii ; 
 
 exert one's self, i ka-ki khu khio kd ; he him- 
 self went and sounded the drum. kha kd ki°; 
 beat the drum on its rim ; make an ineffec- 
 tive hit. lia ieh lai tu-tu tui kd tin-tang ; I 
 guessed exactly right. i mng-kha cek kai 
 
 nang to pp kd ; there is a man at the door an- 
 nouncing his presence by sound of drum. lia 
 cang lu sa° thong kd, lu cp lu ang-ang khu cp ; 
 I will beat the drum for you to keep up your 
 courage, and you go calmly ahead and do it. 
 lui kd sa° thong ; beat three strokes on a drum, 
 cieh kd ; stone drums, placed at the entrances 
 of temples, tiak-kd ; a tambouinne. kd-ki'a"; 
 a toy drum. pie kai cui-koi kd khut i ; made 
 a drum with frog-skin heads, and gave it to 
 him. 16ng-cuu kd ; the drums on board a 
 
258 
 
 niCTlONARY Of THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 dragon boat, mong hue ko ; the drnm belong- 
 ing to strolling perforraera, or acrobats. cI 
 kiii kai phali ko kai, tl-tiang kai ko pang I'o 
 bp ; of these drummers, which one drums best ? 
 i kai ko tiam slang hd ; he keeps the best time 
 with the beat of his drum. 16 co 16 phah, ko 
 CO ko hiang ; sound the gonga and the drums 
 independently of each other. 
 
 0k6 130 Dropsical ; bloated. 
 433 13 ko-ceng; dropsy. ti k6- 
 
 cbng ; have dropsy. si khi k6, a si ciii ko ? 
 
 Is the bloated appearance produced by air or 
 by water? 
 
 Mr k6 140 Off-hand; impromptu; illicit; 
 ^J 329 5 if 80. 
 
 k6-chia" li'o su ; careless in doing ; to fini.sh off 
 a matter anyhow ; to huddle up. c6 su m hd 
 ko-chia"; one should not do things in a hasty, 
 careless fashion. i c6 su to si k6-k6 chi'ii"- 
 
 chia°; he always does things in a very off-hand 
 style, ci'a sng s! ko-chi'a" Ho su ; this has been 
 done in almost any way so as to get it finished, 
 ko-ju Id a m bi" lai khu li ua Ifti khu ; if it 
 should happen that you have not leisure to go, 
 I will go. k6-h6k; perchance. ko-h&h; 
 
 fornication. 
 
 To 433 
 
 on ; value ; worth ; price. 
 61 i to ko ke ; it is he who fixes the price. k<S 
 lai khah kiii ; too high a price is set upon it. 
 ci kia" ko lai cu phi"; this one is set down at a 
 low figure. lu ko ce ; you make a guess at 
 
 the value. khut lu ko khu tiii-tiii ; you have 
 guessed exactly what it cost. cie lia ko li tak 
 m kku cie" coi ; according to my reckoning, it 
 is not worth so much as that, khui ko i pho ; 
 keep a second hand clothing store, i kai hue- 
 m^ieh ko lai tia" cSi ; his goods have a very fair 
 price set upon them, f-keng ko tia''-tieh kai ; 
 those already priced. mueh-kia" cxe ko ; 
 
 things according to their value. ciu hin-si 
 
 kai hang-cheng lai ko ke ; set down the prices, 
 according to the present market rates, cm lia 
 co-Bi ko li ko m kan ; however I reckon this I 
 cannot bring it out right. lu ko thoi" ci'a su 
 6i tit seng me ? Do you think this can be 
 brought about ? lia tang cie° jit cu soi° ko 
 
 chut ; I thought all that out some days ago. 
 
 •— M ko 80 Ancient ; old ; antique; of old ; 
 FJ 432 2 to grow old ; practised in ; 
 antiquity ; hoar. 
 
 ko-ca ; in olden times. ko kim to s! cek ie°; 
 in ancient and modern times it has been the 
 
 9 To estimate ; to reckon ; to 
 5 think; to guess; to set a price 
 
 same. k6 nang c^ng ta" kue ; said by the 
 
 ancients. 6h ko ; tell stories, oh ko a, b6 cia 
 su ; it is a story, no such thing ever happened, 
 ham i mai" t6 thslk ko cu ; tell him not to make 
 up yarns. i kai nang-khwn ko-ko ne ; he is 
 
 very old fashioned. c6 su k6-k6 kuai-kuai ; 
 
 c6 su kii-kii kuai-kuai ; does things in a very 
 queer way. ci kp fl sim-mih ko ciali ? Are 
 
 there any antiquities about here ? ko bun ; 
 
 ancient writings. cfl ko bp kai ; what has 
 
 never been from the most ancient times, cu ko 
 kau kim ; from olden times till now. nang 
 
 sim put k6 ; the heart of man does not grow 
 old. ko-tdng; curiosities ; antiques, ko-tong 
 pho ; a curiosity shop. ci cek pak si ko uo ; 
 
 this scroll is one having an ancient style of 
 writing on it. ci ktli si ko ce"; this is an an- 
 cient well, chun cek chph ko-si hok-sek ; kept 
 some garments as relics of the past, ta" ci kii 
 Qe khut nftng t<5 cp k6.khwn ; this sentence is 
 now made use of by people as a sample of 
 ancient writing. i cp su k6-t6ng c&i ; he acts 
 very queerly. mai" t<5 c6 ko ceng ; do not be 
 satirical ; do not draw illustrations from olden 
 times. cia si k6-mueh ; this is a relic. k6- 
 
 rgwn ; antiquities. k6 gti ; old sayings, ko 
 Idi ; ancient rites. k6 si kai nang t&i- khai 
 
 tong-k&u ; old fashioned people are generally 
 honest. 
 
 Hft' ko 130 A quota; a proportion; a share 
 f^J^ 433 4 in a concern ; a detatchment ; 
 a portion of a country ; a strand in a rope ; a 
 chapter ; a head of a sermon ; the thighs, 
 pun ko ; share the assets. pun ko cu fi n&ng 
 toa k6, fl n&ng soi ko ; in apportioning the 
 amount which each is to pay, some are assessed 
 more and some less. khia cp jieh coi ko ? 
 
 How many shares is the whole sum as.sessed 
 to be divided into ? lu ai" khia ko, a si sua' 
 toi ? Will you apportion the sum to be made 
 up in shares for each to pay, or make it up by 
 calling for contributions ? cek ko khui thoi" 
 jieh coi" ci"; divide and see how much each 
 one has to pay. cia seng-li si tl-tiang io toa 
 ko-hun ? In this business who is the chief 
 partner ? poih ko ; eight heads, as of an es- 
 say. sa° ko sph ; a threefold cord. put lun 
 ai" cp sim-mih su sa° ko sph to tieh coi ; in 
 whatever you wish to do, the three strands of 
 the rope used must be uniform. leng-ua° cai 
 bun tng bun ko ; redistribute the shares, 
 kuah ko ; cut the sinews of the thigh. i cek 
 ko seng-li i°-keng thiah chut khu lio ; he hM 
 already taken out the share which he had 
 invested in the business. chap ii kiii kd ; has 
 invested in several shares. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE 6WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 259 
 
 ko 130 The tipper part of tlie arm. 
 
 460 ^ cliia-ko ; the arm above the 
 elbow. i bo cira-thflu, dm to ka-ki kni chiu- 
 teng ; he has no pillow, and pillows his head 
 on his own arm. 
 
 ko 181 To patronize ; to assist by 
 ..,»S 435 12 counsel or custom. 
 i si lau cii-ko, md chuah i ; he is an old patron, 
 and you must not over-reach him. in hua" kai, 
 to si ho cii-ko ; they are all good customers. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ko 38 Jealous ; envious. 
 
 917 T ko-ki; jealousy, cng kai bo 
 kb-ki ; without envy. i kai sim cu se° ko-ki ; 
 he became jealous of him. 
 
 ko 154 To procure for one's self. 
 
 330 To ko sua" to chip ; set one on 
 the trail of. i"-keng ko sua" liah tieh ; have 
 followed on his trail and seized him. ta-hwt 
 naug khu gua chu kb-b6i ; start people off to 
 purchase in other places. 
 
 *K1 ko ^ To hire for a price. 
 t/S 435 12 ko-kang; hire workmen, long 
 kang chie" ko kai nang ; one engaged as a 
 laborer. si ai" ko cun ho, a si ai" ko kie ho ? 
 Will it be best to hire a boat or to hire a 
 sedan ? lia ai" ko co chia ; I want to hire a 
 
 cart. cwn ko ciah cun ; charter a boat. ho 
 ko kieh lai ta"; hire a porter to come and 
 carry it. ko bo nang ; no one can be hired, 
 ko kai lai cfe" chu ; hire some one to guard 
 the house. 
 
 32 
 10 
 
 To besmear ; to daub ; to 
 plaster on ; to fill cracks ; to 
 
 ^., 918 
 
 blot out. 
 
 k6-l6k khu kau cu boi thia"; after smearing it 
 over it did not smart. khfeh no tie" cua lai 
 
 ko theng ; get two sheets of paper and paste 
 up the holes in the windows. cang ciia ko 
 
 mi"; take paper and paste over all the cracks, 
 ko m kin ; it does not stick tightly when 
 plastered on. cang tho lai ko ; daub it over 
 with mud. kai min ko kau ceng-ceng hiin; 
 her face is daubed all over with powder. ko 
 cau-cau ; plaster it on of uniform thickness, 
 cang thang-iu-hue lai ko, cia" boi lau ; take 
 putty and stop the cracks then it will not 
 leak. ko kau hue-pa-li-long ; plaster it on 
 
 till it is smooth, even and beautiful. cek 
 
 sin ko kau nah-sap cai ; daubed all over 
 with dirt. 
 
 k6 119 Paste; to pa.ste ; glutinous 
 
 222 9 preparations, 
 khu khoh chph k6 IS-i ko ; go and make some 
 paste and paste it. eng k6 Ifti tah ; stick it on 
 with paste. ko li'o tang i ta cia" oi toi"; after 
 pasting it wait till it is dry, then it will be firm. 
 k6 puah ; a paste-pot. ko lai m kin ; it is not 
 firmly pasted. cut-bi ko ; paste made from 
 
 glutinous rice, ko ui; paper garments, burned 
 at funerals, ko poi"; a pasting brush. k6S.p; 
 a box for paste, ne k6-k6 ; very adhesive. 
 
 61 The bosom ; the lap. 
 
 i6 pho i to ko teng ciah ni ; nurs- 
 ing him in her lap. pho i pang k6 teng co ; 
 holding her in her lap. pho i to k6 teng gut 
 khu ; holding him asleep in her arms. 
 
 To lean against ; to rely on ; 
 to depend on for support, or 
 
 ko 175 
 
 327 7 
 for a living, 
 i ua-ko ti-tiang ? On whom does he depend for 
 support ? ko tleh ti-tiang kai si ? On whose 
 influence does he rely ? ko ti-tiang thang i 
 
 ciah ? On whom does she depend to earn her 
 food for her ? ko cieh thio, khut cieh thio tS" 
 tieh ; leaned against a stone pillar, and the 
 stone pillar tumbled down on him. m-hp sie 
 ko ta"; do not lean against each other and both 
 fall backward, chvvn ko i ; depend wholly on 
 him. cek ke nang to si to i-ko i ; the whole 
 family depend on him. ko sin hut pp-ho; 
 
 depend on the gods for aid. u lam li ko lam, 
 bp lam li ko nng ; if you have sons depend on 
 them, if you have no sons then depend on your 
 daughters. bp ko hp ko ; nothing to depend 
 on for support. i mih su boi, ko ki cliui td 
 
 ta"; he can do nothing, and lives by his wits. 
 
 — koi — 
 
 ^H koi 196 Fowls ; gallinaceous birds. 
 y^^ 334 10 cek ciah koi ; a fowl. koi 
 ang, koi bp, koi kia"; a cock, hen and chicken, 
 pu cek tau koi-kia"; hatch out a brood of chick- 
 ens, koi nng ; hen's eggs, ju chut slu koi- 
 bp ke-ke-kie ; like the cackling of a hen when 
 she comes off the nest. koi bp kok-kok-kie to 
 kho koi-kia"; the hen clucks when calling her 
 chickens. koi noa"; a pullet. koi lui ; half 
 grown chickens, iam koi ; a capon, cliie koi ; 
 a fighting cock, koi tio ; a hen-roost, koi tio 
 10 u keh me" kau-iin; you might as well expect 
 an earth-worm to stay all night on a hen-roost, 
 ui cek kai koi-lio to chi koi; make a hen-house 
 for rearing fowls, sie phah koi; to fight cocks, 
 koi thi a bue ? Is it cock-crowing yet. koi 
 
260 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 thi n6 sa" I6h Ho ; the cocks have crowed two 
 or three times, thi-koi; a pheasant, kfra-koi ; 
 the golden pheasant. tek-koi ; a species of 
 
 partridge, cvii-koi ; small green frogs, chaug 
 Koi ; bull-frogs. o koi-bp se° peh koi fing; 
 
 black hens lay white eggs. cng I6h khu, i 
 
 hie°-lf cfi koi b6i thi, kau b5i pui ; while he 
 was being buried the cocks did not crow, nor 
 the dogs bark, in his village, koi bih loh khu; 
 the hen squats, koi cling i6 kp ; tlie hen is 
 sitting. o kut koi ; black boned fowls, jong 
 koi ; of the breed of white fowls. rig^n koi ; 
 pure white fowls, hai koi-b(5 ; sea-gulls, koi 
 kue ; the comb of a cock. koi-kiie hue ; the 
 flower called Cock's Comb, thai koi ; to kill a 
 fowl. cang koi suah hueh ; take a fowl and 
 dress it. pu kiin ciii lai lura koi ; heat some 
 water and scald the fowls, mang tlo koi-mo°; 
 pull out the feathers, khui koi pak, pak lili kiai 
 kua".ing-to khieh chut lai ; open the fowl and 
 take out the entrails. koi ji'o ; a hen's claws, 
 koi to phah sit; the hens are flapping their 
 wings. koi khf-thau iii" thi cu soi" phit-phit 
 ph6k-ph6k kie ; when a fowl begins to crow, 
 it first flaps its wings noisily. lu si ciah chek 
 koi ; it is a hen that won't eat paddy. koi-b<5 
 chua koi-kia"; an old hen and chickens. koi-b(5 
 a° koi-kia"; the hen covers the chickens under 
 her -wings. koi-kia" sok cfti, th6i° H eng, me°- 
 m6" tiam-pang koi-bd kfii sit S ; the chickens 
 are very knowing, and as soon as they see a 
 hawk, they hide under the hen's wings, koi Id 
 ch6i"; the hen is scratching for food. kio koi 
 pe° ie°, m ch6i° cu bo ciah ; I am like a fowl, if 
 I do not scratch for it, I have nothing to eat. 
 koi mo" si"; a feather fan. koi mo" choi"; a 
 feather brush. chle" koi kha hun ; like the 
 
 marks on a hen's claws. kira koi ; to shut up 
 the hens. ju kwn koi hie"-se"; like watching 
 a flock of fowls. cek khun koi ; a flock of 
 
 fowls. khut-ciah than liah koi ; the beggar 
 
 stole a fowl. chin-chie" lio-eng-p6 tio koi- 
 
 kia" hie"-se"; like a hawk carrying off a chicken, 
 i kiii nang si ciah che" koi hueh ciu kai ; they 
 are the ones who have drunken raw chicken 
 blood ; they have entered into a solemn com- 
 pact to do a certain thing or die in the attempt, 
 koi tSa ; the tail feathers of a cock. si toa 
 
 ceng koi a si sie ceng koi ? Is it a fowl of the 
 large, or of the small breed ? ci° koi, sek 
 
 go ; young fowls and full grown geese. thoh 
 koi; a big stupid fowl; the Shanghai breed, 
 hoh koi; a crane; a fowl of a tall thin breed, 
 koi kut cang ; a palm whose trunk is marked 
 like a hen's claws. sie koi ; roasted chicken, 
 kau ciah ksii sie"-sien koi; a whole boiled fowl, 
 hun koi ; smoked fowl. 15 kiam koi ; pickled 
 
 fowl. peh-cam koi ; fricasseed chicken, koi 
 jong ; minced fowl. koi si ml ; fritters with 
 shredded fowls' flesh in them, ngo hiang koi ; 
 spiced fowl, ho-pau koi ; boned chicken. 
 
 koi-thek The pied duck, a beanti- 
 .. My '^^ ^"1 water bird, with a 
 broad and upright fan tail, 
 chit pin kua" kai po-sira si sin koi-thek kai ; 
 mandarins of the seventh grade have the pied 
 duck embroidered on their official gowns. 
 
 yff^ koi 144 A thoroughfare ; a street ; an 
 1^4 3o9 6 avenue; a place where markets 
 are held ; abroad ; out of doors ; in the street, 
 koi chl ; streets where wares are sold. i khi 
 chut koi ; he has gone out. koi-thslu Imng-bue 
 ph6 ; small shops. ci cek tio koi tng cSi ; this 
 street is very long. cie" poi" koi wn kiie hie" 
 p6i" koi ; this street runs into that one. chai 
 koi ; to decorate the streets with banners and 
 transparencies, kak koi-hng id ti'am teng kiia 
 chai ; every avenue is being illuminated, and 
 decorated with banners. toa koi ; the main 
 street. hue koi Hu hang ; streets where play- 
 actors and courtesans reside. che koi ; guard 
 the streets, sun-che koi-tftu; patrol the streets, 
 as watchmen and policemen do. koi lo k&i 
 
 n&ng c5i cfti ; there are many persons in the 
 streets. 
 
 m 
 
 koi 82 Steps, especially those which 
 
 358 9 lead up to a gate. 
 lim-koi-cieh ; stone door-steps. cia" tab cie" 
 lim-koi-cieh teng cu th6i"-ki"; as soon as he 
 stepped up on the door-stone, he saw it. puah 
 li'o cuang tieh lim-koi-cieh ; fell and struck on 
 the door-stone, puah loh lim-koi e ; fell down 
 the door-steps. 
 
 ^ 
 
 koi 66 To alter ; to amend ; to cor- 
 . , 307 T rect. 
 i leng-ua" koi jit ; he has again changed the 
 day. chiet-io tieh cai koi-kiie; it is impera- 
 tively necessary that it should again .be 
 changed. koi-ua" mng-li ; change the door, 
 
 rise in rank. i boi koi-pi"; it never changes, 
 lu tieh hue-koi ; you must reform. i i°-keng 
 k6i-hue li'o ; he has already reformed. tl-hng 
 koi-pi"; the place has altered, leng-ua" koi-ek 
 cp cie°-se"; change it and make it thus. i m 
 ngwn koi ke ; she is unwilling to marry again, 
 chfa" i koi-cia"; ask him to rectify it. m5° 
 th6i° i oi koi me ; wait and see whether he 
 will amend. cai kiie pit koi ; when you are 
 aware of faults, you must correct them. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 261 
 
 koi 148 To unloose ; to sever ; to 
 
 359 6 release. 
 koi tlo toa ; loose the girdle. niu koi khni ; 
 
 •nnbutton it. co-ni koi-sueh ? How is it to be 
 explained ? cia cu ii cii-koi kfii; this book has 
 explanatory notes. kang-koi ; to expound, 
 
 bo ho koi-kiu ; there is no way of escape, sin- 
 8e°, lu thoi" ho k\u-k6i me ? Teacher, do you 
 think there is any way of escape from it ? lS.i 
 khu koi bun ce ; let us go and refresh our 
 spirits a little. piig si ai" lui thoi" koi-cho : 
 6u put cai thoi" Iio ju-keng oho ; what we 
 wanted to do in coming was to see if we 
 could alleviate the suffering : who would have 
 thought that our consideration would have 
 made the suffering still greater. ciah ci'u koi 
 cho ; drink in order to drown sorrow. mo" i 
 lai koi ui ; look for him to come and raise the 
 siege. 01 ie" ieh 6i koi sii ; this medicine 
 
 allays heat. soh ho koi ; undo the rope. koi 
 khui cun; unloose the boat, oh koi; it is hard 
 to unfasten. psik khah kin, koi lii chut; it is 
 tied up so tightly that I cannot untie it. su 
 put khp koi ; I really cannot unloosen it. cia 
 ua cu m koi h'o ; as for this, I am not going to 
 undo it. 6i koi tio ; take off one's shoes. oi 
 kio nang pai lang koi hun ; has great tact in 
 settling difficulties for people. koi tak ; 
 
 neutralize poison. koi-sua" i kai gua sia ; 
 
 dispel its noxious influences. 
 
 koi 104 The itch. 
 
 361 4 se° koi ; have the itch, koi 
 ieh ; a remedy for itch. khut i he tieh koi ; 
 caught the itch from him. 
 
 it 
 
 koi 149 To plan ; to contrive ; to 
 338 2 calculate; to devise a scheme; 
 a stratagem ; to append to a schedule. 
 i CO su bo koi bo mong ; he has no underhand 
 schemes in what he does. siet tio koi-mong; 
 lay a plot. kang koi cek peh ni ; in all it 
 
 amounts to a hundred years, sim se" cek koi ; 
 thought of an expedient. ci kai koi bio cfti ; 
 this plan is a deep one. pit-cai ho koi-cheh; is 
 j'eally a good plan. cin-cin si mio koi ; is 
 
 indeed a well laid scheme. lu u sim-mih ho 
 iDio koi ? What is your plan ? tong i kai koi 
 Ifo; has fallen into his trap, am koi sie" nang; 
 injure people by underhand measures. i si 
 
 khut ke-koi lui tieh ; he was embarrassed by 
 his domestic circumstances, koi-khui jieh coi 
 mia" ? How many names were appended ? bo 
 koi khd si ; no plan to offer, mai" khu thin i 
 koi-ka, ce thin i kbi-ka cu ceng-ceng ue ; do 
 not go and disturb his plans, if you do there 
 will be no end of words about it. i mih su 
 
 to b6 koi b6 ka ; ho never has a plan about 
 anything. tSi-tS,i khai-khki bd mih k6i-kk ; 
 as a general thing, there are no plans proposed, 
 cii-cip ceng nang lai koi-ngf ci kia" su ; get all 
 the people together and consider what can be 
 done in the matter. ci cek kia" koi-khui leng 
 ua"; change this plan. 
 
 koi 148 To forward ; to hand over ; 
 
 359 6 to transmit, 
 koi khim-htiam cie" kia"; send a criminal on 
 to Peking. cf chph huam ai" koi khu ti-kp ? 
 Where are these culprits to be delivered over? 
 phai i khu koi hiang-ngun ; detach him to go 
 and deliver over the money collected in duties, 
 phai lia khu koi nie-bi ; set me apart to go and 
 deliver over the rice paid as land tax. eng jieh 
 coi nang ah-koi ? How many men are required 
 for the convoy ? ci no kai si koi-che ; these 
 two are the guards appointed as escort. khu 
 chii kp koi ngun lai eng; has gone home to 
 remit money for use here. koi kau piia" lo 
 
 pun chak chie" khu ; when it had been taken 
 one half of the way to the place where it was 
 to be delivered over, it was seized by robbers. 
 
 ^^T koi 84 Fumes ; exhalations j noisonae 
 ThV 348 6 odor. 
 
 i cie" toa kai, hwn-lio lau niia", 14a kau k^i sa° 
 chau nua"-k6i ; though so large, he still drools, 
 so that his clothes smell of the saliva. phi" 
 
 tieh chau sng-koi ; smell a sour smell. cp-ni 
 kai bi kiam-koi kiam-koi ne ? What makes 
 that offensive salt smell ? i hi" chau hi"-lang- 
 koi ; his ears smell of the matter which exudes 
 from them, 
 
 koi 72 Easy ; facile ; not difficult. 
 
 281 4 koi cSi; very easily done, ne 
 koi-koi ; very easy indeed. siang koi kai su ; 
 a very ea.sy matter. koi-koi, cu ho ; if it cau 
 Le done without difficulty it is well. ju koi 
 
 ju ho ; the easier the better. koi pat ; easily 
 learned. koi hio ; easily understood. koi 
 ta"; easily said. koi Iph sek ; koi pien sek ; 
 
 fades easily. k5i toa; easily reared, koi pi"; 
 fickle. koi siang-sin ; credulous. si koi a si 
 oh ? Is it easy or difficult ? u si koi, u si oh ; 
 sometimes easy and sometimes difficult. ai" 
 ph ho cu oh, ai" oh m-hd cu koi ; it is difficult 
 to learn to do well, but it is easy to learn to do 
 ill. iong-koi ; facile, iong-iong koi-koi cii tit 
 tieh ; attained with the greatest ease, sie" ke" 
 iong-koi, cu ke" lang ; to test the pottage is 
 easy, but to make it savory is difficult, ci kia" 
 much koi hai ; this thing is easily injured, ci 
 kai miieh koi cii ; this thing in easily spoiled. 
 
262 
 
 DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIAtECt. 
 
 10 koi ; easier, siang koi ; easiest. i koi pi" 
 rain c5i ; he is very easily offended. mai* 
 
 khah koi khut i ; do not let him get it too 
 easily, co su raki" thara koi; do not covet ease, 
 ai" til" to chili cu koi, ai" khut op cong oh ; it is 
 more easily said than done. via th6i° lu kia" 
 khu koi-koi ne; I should think you could easily 
 walk there. 
 
 — koi" — 
 
 koi" 182 "^^^ shoulders. 
 
 380 4 koi". than ; the top of the 
 shoulder. i kai koi"-pang toa, il luk ; he is 
 
 broad shouldered and strong. phi-koi"; an 
 
 official cape, laid over the robe, and made of 
 silk. hun-koi"; a mantilla worn by brides, 
 
 liiah koi" ce ; lay down the burden for a little 
 while, ua" koi"; to shift the burden from one 
 shoulder to the other. tl gA ua" koi"; an 
 
 earthquake, supposed to result from the move- 
 ment of the ox that sustains the earth. khia 
 koi" be ; to ride on one's shoulder. sie lam 
 
 koi"; to embrace. kio koi" thio m5ng.ek k^i 
 nang boi mueh, mai" khah cho-siap ; when you 
 buy from pedlars who carry their wares about 
 on their shoulders, do not drive too close a 
 bargain. c6k phi" koi" cu ta" kau hu-ko khu ; 
 carried it there without once shifting it from 
 one shoulder to the other. koi"-th&u kh\a- 
 
 khia ; very high shouldered. koi" kak ; koi"- 
 thSu kai piig si kut ; the shoulder blade, koi" 
 boi thio, chi'u boi tin ; the shoulder can bear 
 no burden, and the hand can grasp no weight. 
 
 m 
 
 koi" 169 A space ; a classifier of 
 rJ 381 4 rooms and houses, 
 ci koi" chu hu iSi kiii koi" pS-ng ? In this house 
 how many rooms are there ? ue koi" phang ; 
 the whole place is fragrant, ue koi" chau; the 
 whole place smells badly. i keh co cek koi" 
 
 cek koi" long-cong u jih gua koi"; he has di- 
 vided it up into apartments, and there are 
 over twenty in all. i hu 13.i kai p^ng koi" 
 
 coi : la u s6i-ek koi", ia u hiie-sit koi", m pi 
 n^ng b6 sim-mih koi"-keh kai chu ; the apart- 
 ments in it are many : there are bath-rooms 
 and there are cook rooms, and it is not as it is 
 where people have a house with but few rooms, 
 no koi" sie-thang; the rooms open into each 
 other. 
 
 koi" 64 To select ; to choose. 
 
 383 '9 khua"-khua° ne k6i°-toh, k6i" 
 cek kai ho-hd kai ; select without haste, so as 
 to get one of the very best ones. i kai m cai 
 cp-ni to koi": koi" kau ta" hwn-li'o koi" bo kai 
 h6 ; he does not know to choose : he has been 
 ■until now looking them over with a view to 
 
 getting the best, and has not yet made a selec* 
 tion. 81 ua ka-ki k6i°-swn kai ; it is one that 
 I myself picked out. k6i"-8wn m pat-t6 khi } 
 do not know how to choose. cia mng si nkng 
 koi" sin kai ; this is what is left after other 
 people have picked out what they wanted, 
 khut nang koi" chun cek chph hue-kha; the 
 garblings left by those who have selected what 
 they wanted from the goods. koi" ceng kai 
 io ke ( i"; the assorted ones are higher priced. 
 i khua"-kliua" ne t<5 koi" nang-ke ; he is taking 
 his time in looking about among families in 
 order to choose a wife. soi" k6i"-khf cek 
 
 choh ; the first pick of the goods. 
 
 k6i" 120 The cocoon of the silk worm ; 
 
 383 18 thesilky pupae of other moths. 
 ch6i"-k6i"; the silk worm's aurelia. 6ng ch6i"- 
 koi" sah Ho lai thiu si ; boil the cocoon and 
 then wind off the silk, cfa si k6i"-<iu ; is pon- 
 gee, kit cek kui koi" to chiu ko ; made a 
 cocoon on a tree. si-hau ce kau, i ka-kl cfi 
 kfi phua koi" chut lai ; when the season for it 
 arrives, it eats through its cocoon and comes 
 forth. ch6i"-lau ce pi" co ch6i"-ngo cii chut 
 k6i"; when the grub has changed into a moth 
 it emerges from the cocoon. ci' khf thang 6i 
 kit k6i" kai ; this caterpillar makes a cocoon. 
 
 koi" 146 A plait ; gathers ; tucks. 
 
 384 12 niap k6i"; lay plaits. cek 
 poi" ai" niap kiii kai koi"? How many plaits 
 do you wish to have on a side ? thi" lai kai 
 k6i" m si-cia"; the plait is not sewn down 
 straight, e-tng ai" thi", khieh koi", tieh khieh 
 hd-h<5 ; another time when you are sewing 
 gathers you must sew them evenly. koi" cue 
 tieh cih tit- tit; the plait must be folded straight, 
 min teng niap kai koi"; has a puckered scar ou 
 her face. 
 
 m 
 
 koi" 169 To sunder ; to put obstacles 
 
 381 4 between, 
 m ho k6i"-sp nang kai kut-nek; one must not 
 set relatives at variance, koi" jit koi" jit ciah; 
 take it on alternate days. tin-tang koi" cek 
 khau phun ; there is a grave [belonging to 
 some one else] occupying the space between, 
 no kai khe" keh-piah tin-tang koi" ii cek kp 
 toa cieh ; in the space between the two pools 
 there is a large stone obstructing the way. so 
 put koi" chin, ein put koi" ku ; differences do 
 not sunder relationship, and the new does not 
 separate one from the old. bo koi" bp chah ; 
 there are no obstacles intervening. chwn bp 
 koi" chah, thong sin si i kai ; there are no 
 intervening spaces [belonging to some one 
 else], the whole extent of it belongs to him. 
 
DICTIOJIARY OF THE SWATOW DtALECT. 
 
 263 
 
 koi" 64 To carry tinder the arm; to 
 356 ^ clasp between the arm and 
 the trunk. 
 
 i koh-thang-e cu koi° ku-a ki tek lai ; he 
 brought several bamboos, holding them tightly 
 under his arm. koi" piig-thang lai ; bring 
 
 the rice-basin, holding it under the arm. hai 
 i koi" kau eh''-eh"-kje ; was squeezed so tightly 
 under her arm that he could scarcely breathe, 
 i pi kia" koi° ji hii kau ci-ko kang-kho cSi ; it 
 will be very hard for her to come all this 
 distance carrying one child on her back, and 
 another under her arm. i kia"-jit kiam-koi" 
 ke kai hak-seng ip co ; he to-day brought along 
 another student into the examinations. 
 
 — koih — 
 
 koih 37 Lined ; double ; to pick up 
 356 4 between two prongs. 
 fci toa" kai a si koih kai ? Is it of a single thick- 
 ness, or is it lined? ai° koih slm-mih li? 
 What sort of lining will you put in ? koih 
 hia°; a lined sleeveless jacket. koih bueh ; 
 lined stockings. koih khb-thau ; double 
 trowsers. koih phau-thau ; a double-gown, 
 eng tu koih ; take up with chopsticks. koih 
 m khi ; I cannot nip it up. ci'a tieh khia thih- 
 ki" khii koih ; you must pick it up with tongs, 
 koih mueh phue; pick up the condiments, 
 cia m eng tu koih, tieh eng si I'e ; this is not 
 to be taken up with chopsticks, but is to be 
 dipped up with a spoon. 
 
 koih 64 To press between two boards; 
 
 356 ~1 boards for pressing; to clasp 
 or carry under the arm. 
 
 koih poi" ; boards for pressing the sides of a 
 thing. cu-cheh koih ; board covers for books, 
 sie" koih ; boards used to support the sides of 
 trunks, koih kiu ce; press it somewhat tighter 
 between the two. koih kin-kin; squeezed very 
 tightly between two. koih bih ; flatten by 
 
 pressing. koih kau cap lau-laa ; squeezed so 
 that the juice runs out. nang coi, sie ci" sie 
 koih; there was a great crowd of people, crowd- 
 ing and pressing upon each other. koih kha, 
 koih chi'u ; to torture by pressing the ankles 
 and wrists between boards. kliut i koih tieh ; 
 got nipped by it. hu-jin hue siu cang kai 
 
 cang-k6ih ; the splints u.sed by women to hold 
 the coiffure in place. koih to cu-cheh toi ; 
 
 pressed in a book, pai thiap toi koih cek tie" 
 loi-mueh toa"; a complimentary token folded 
 within the folds of a visiting card. koih to 
 kph-thang-e ; put it under his arm. k6ih png 
 cu-cheh ; carrying a book under his arm. koih 
 cek ki phoi^-ta"; carrying a bearing-pole under 
 
 his arm. ciah chi'u kdih, ciah chfa khieh; some 
 under one arm, and some in the other. kau 
 
 kai, k6ih lai; take it whole, and bring it along. 
 phia".li-kut khut i koih cih ; squeezed him 
 under his arm so hard as to break his ribs. 
 
 D^ k6ih 80 To mimic tones ; to modu- 
 ni 633 T late the voice, 
 koih kau ki sia" soi-soi, cii si cu-nle sia"; modu- 
 lated his voice to a squeak, like the voice of a 
 woman. i kai sia" ra cai co-ni niap, co-nl 
 
 koih, put tSng chie khek kai sia" kio cu-nie 
 cek ie", cu si tia"-peh kai ue, ia cu si kai cu-nie- 
 kia° kai sia"-sueh ; I do not know how he 
 modulates his voice, but in singing ballads his 
 voice is just like a woman's, it is in a conversa- 
 tional style, and is also the voice of a young 
 
 girl- 
 voices. 
 
 koih sia" jin ; an apt mimic of female 
 — kok 
 
 /j> 
 
 ■^/^ kok 150 A gully ; a gulch ; the bed 
 '^t^ 453 of a torrent, 
 sua" -kok ; a ravine. i khia-khi to sua"-kok- 
 lok toi ; he lives away off in a mountain wady. 
 tiii ci sua"-kok-lok toi jip khu cu si; go in 
 through this wady, that is the way. 
 
 A state, a kingdom, a country, 
 a nation, a people; national; 
 
 fs5l ^<^^ ^ 
 Ir^ 491 8 
 
 government, 
 pdg kok ; own country. giia kok ; foreign 
 
 lands. pat kok ; tha kok ; other nations, 
 
 bwn kok ; all nations. kii kok ; fatherland ; 
 the old country. i tng khu ku kok ; lie has 
 
 returned to his native land. kok kun ; sover- 
 eign, kok bp ; the empress. kok uang ; 
 princes, kok su ; royal astrologers. to ti cek 
 kok-to ? What country is it in ? cheng-li bwn 
 kok cu tai-khai sie tang ; those usages which 
 are founded in reason, are much alike in all 
 countries. Ii-s6k bwn kok cu kak-kak rii tang; 
 customs differ in all different lands, kak kok 
 kak kok kai hong-sok ; each nation has its own 
 peculiar ways of doing things, hin-khek thi"- 
 e u jieh coi toa kok ? How many great nations 
 are there now in the world ? thong thi"-e bwn 
 kok ; all nations under heaven. sara kok ; the 
 three states which divided China from A.D. 
 222 to 265. li'ang kok sie thai ; the two coun- 
 tries are at war. kok huap; kok-ke kai huap- 
 lut ; the laws of the country. sua" kok ; a 
 mountainous country. cek kok ; a country of 
 which a large portion of the surface is watered, 
 tho kok ; a country which contains a large pro- 
 portion of dry land. cu khui kok i" lai, bue 
 u ; from the foundation of the state until now 
 it has not been so. kok su si tl-tiang to cong- 
 
264 
 
 DICTIONAUT OF THE SWATOW DULKCT. 
 
 \i ? Who is managing the national affaire ? i 
 k&i kok-ceng ho roc ? Are their national affaire 
 in good condition ? kok thai, roin na"; when 
 the country is at peace, the people are comfor- 
 table, thvvn kok jieh coi to ; handed down the 
 throne to many generations. kue kok ; leave 
 the country. gua-kok kio tong-kok hfia-hau ; 
 other countries are on amicable terms with 
 China. t&i-mui"-kok ; hue-ki-kok ; the United 
 States. ta,i-eng-kok; Great Britain, t&i-huap- 
 kok ; France. tS,i-ng6-kok ; Russia, jit-pun- 
 kok ; Japan. ang-lara kok ; Anam. liu-kliiu 
 kok ; Corea. Blam-16 kok ; Siara. p!t-lu kok ; 
 Pern. \n-ib kok ; thien-cok-kok ; India, 
 
 raien-tion-kok ; Thibet. tho-ju-ki-kok ; Tar- 
 key, ai-kip-kok; Egypt, iu-thai-kok ; Judea. 
 
 ^^ kok 115 Corn; grains; cereals; vir- 
 ^^ 453 10 tuous ; in medicine, fecal 
 matter. 
 
 ng(5 kok ; all kinds of grain. peh kok ; every 
 sort of cereal. kok tSu ; the fecal passage. 
 
 kok tSu m thong; bowels are constipated. ci 
 kla" su si kua ci" kok, a kua hia" mia" ? Is this 
 business to bo referred to the clerk in the 
 prefects ofjce, or to the legal counsel who 
 manages criminal cases in the local court ? 
 
 /VZL kok 12 To boil down ; to stew. 
 JJPK 1117 10 m cai kwn, kok khu cui ta 
 
 khu ; was not looking after it, and it boiled 
 dry. kok-kok-kie ; the noise of rapid boiling, 
 kok cek kua le kha h<5 li'o ; it has boiled a half 
 day and must be done. 
 
 — kong — 
 
 kong 19 Achievement; good service; 
 
 460 8 virtue ; meritorious. 
 i kfii kong-lau toa; his merit is great. cd su 
 CO kau seng kong ; one must bring what one 
 does to a successful issue, li kong kfti chin-cu; 
 courtiers who have done meritorious deeds, 
 kong-chin Jlu-i ; the descendants of deserving 
 ministers. bo kong ien kd" ciah 16k ? With- 
 out having done anything deserving reward, 
 how dare one draw his salary ? ii kong-tek 
 kip min ; has done good works in behalf of 
 the people. kien kong, lip ngiap ; achieve 
 
 virtue, and found an estate. kong-mia" chi 
 
 cd to u sio; merit is sooner or later rewarded, 
 thu-lau bo kong ; to labor without advantage. 
 c3,u-hue ci thiap ieh ciah loh klm u kong-hau ; 
 as it happened this dose of medicine proved 
 effective when taken. i i"-keng kong seng, 
 mia° ciu h'o ; he has already achieved a reputa- 
 tion, i td CO kong-tek ; he is making merit. 
 i kai ha hok si sio kong a tfii kong ? Does he 
 wear mourning for five or for nine months. 
 
 ^JJ 
 
 T^ kong 12 Public ; common ; open ; 
 ■•ifc^ 459 2 equal to all; general ; just; 
 equitable ; the first of the five ranks of nobility; 
 a duke, a lord, a master. 
 
 kong su; public business. kong hQe ; club, 
 association, or public society, kong so tl-hng; 
 town houses or public halls. kong-lJia ; fair, 
 equitable. kong-kong tSu-tSu ; perfectly just. 
 i c6 pu ua thoi" tieh m kong-tSu ; he acts in a 
 way that appears to me to bo unfair. kong- 
 cia° kfii hie" sin ; upright village elders. c6ng 
 n&ng lai kong If; all came to make a fair 
 settlement. tSi-ke ai" kong-ku ti-tlang ? 
 
 Whom do you all want to put forward as a 
 candidate? kong-ciak; a duke, kong ia; my 
 lord, the duke, kong c6; a young gentleman ; 
 oflBcers, gentlemen. sio kong-cu ; a wild 
 
 young gentleman, hna-hua kong-cu ; a young 
 spendthrift. toa siang kong ; a term used 
 
 in addressing a clerk in a yaraun or a large 
 house. kong cu ; the emperor's daughter. i 
 gt kong ke co-pd ciah a si pun khui ciah ? Do 
 the whole family take their meals together, or 
 do they eat separately ? a-kong ; a grand- 
 
 father, thki kong; great grandfather, gua 
 kong ; maternal grandfather. kong ma ; 
 
 grandparents. hong c6-kong; yki c6-kong ; 
 worship of ancestors. kong eo tJii-jin ; the 
 
 Prefect. nQ kong phua hua cSi ; the old 
 
 couple agree very well. ci'a h\ kong hSng ; 
 
 this is a public fund. i sai-khih nftng kai 
 
 kong ci"; he embezzles the public funds. hui 
 tlo kong mueh ; waste the public property. 
 hak ke cek chph kong ngiap ; buy some more 
 public property. ti-chang ke hph coi kong 
 
 ehang kong pho ; buy in ever so many more 
 fields and shops to be used in common, kong 
 sim ; public spirited, kong pheng ; just ; 
 
 equitable, kong pheng kau-ek ; a fair bargain, 
 kong bu hwn cJli; public business of many kinds, 
 kong tng ; a public hall. kong ti ; a common, 
 cek ji jip kong rang, kau gu thoa m chut ; 
 when a complaint is once entered at the yamun, 
 nine oxen cannot draw it out, peng kong 
 
 phdi" su; adjudicate in accordance with equity, 
 soi' kong, au sai; public interests before pi-ivate 
 business, si kong bun, a si peh tho ? Is it the 
 best quality of opium, or the worst ? 
 
 "iJ^ kong 66 To attack ; to assault ; to 
 V'V 461 Y fight with ; to set to work 
 at ; to apply to ; to rouse by reproving, 
 kong-phah i kai ti-hng; attacked their country, 
 ceng nang kong-khek cek nang ; they all set 
 upon him. kong sia"; assault a citadel, jit 
 
 me" kong cu ; study hard day and night. i° 
 t&k kong tsLk ; use poison as an antidote for 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 265 
 
 poison, korg m pliiia ; fail to take by assault, 
 kong phvia i kai ia°-ce ; captured their in- 
 trenehmeiit. hue-coi kong-tu i; assemble and 
 withstand them in battle, pin-16 leng hia khi, 
 kong kien ; betel-nut will disperse wind and 
 reduce congestion. me"-me" tieh eng kong 
 
 tham kai ieh lai kong tio ci chph tham ; must 
 quickly take some medicine which will remove 
 phlegm, and clear out the throat with it. 
 soi" kong-sua" ci ti'am cek khi ; first dissipate 
 the humors which have accumulated. ce khi, 
 hueh cu kong sim ; as soon as one is angry, the 
 blood rushes to the heart, khut chph tham ce 
 kong, cu hun-kong khu ; as soon as he was 
 choked with mucous he became insensible. 
 
 Xkong 48 An artisan ; skilled work ; 
 460 "O" skill ; a job. 
 f-u long kong siang; literary men, farmers, 
 artisans and merchants. i co lai ceng-kong 
 cSi ; he has done it in a most workmanlike 
 manner. cia sit-cai iiang kha toh thien kong; 
 this man has certainly seized upon the skill of 
 nature in doing things expertly. ci'a si toa 
 
 kong thia"; this is a big job. 
 
 ' - Jn^ kong 61 The exhibition of respectful 
 ^J»T 462 '6 feeling, 
 kong-hi; I respectfully wish you joy, (as at 
 the New Tear). khu kio i kong-hi kai nang 
 hph coi ; those who went to wish him a Happy 
 New Year were many. 
 
 y«*» kong 118 A tube ; a short cylinder. 
 ^^ 474 8 cam khng to cam-kong tdi; 
 the needles are put away in the needle-case, 
 tek kong; a small dipper or measure made from 
 a section of the trunk of a bamboo, cek kong 
 l^nof ; the core of a boil. 
 
 - |— I kong 154 To offer to a liege lord 
 _^^ 464 3 things for service ; presents 
 from foreign nations given in homage ; fit for 
 presents or tribute ; the best sort ; to offer 
 service. 
 
 cin kong ; to bring tribute, kong sai ; tribute 
 bearers. si lai kong sim-mih much ? What 
 
 does he bring as tribute ? kong loi ; presents 
 Bent to Court. toa kiie kong-l"; bigger than 
 an examination hall, (in which the graduates 
 are supposed to offer their talents for their 
 country's service). kong cun ; a ship bearing 
 tribute. u eim-mih kph ie" mueh-kia" lai 
 
 kong-hjen ; has some curious thing to present, 
 h'am ki k6ng-hie° lai phi" phang ; light a large 
 white incense stick and smell its odor. i ta° 
 ci kai si kong tng ; he says this is the very 
 
 best sort of satin. kong tSu si iu tl-kp ? By 
 what route is the tribute brought ? kien 
 
 kong ; those graduates who have bought their 
 degree, chut kong ; graduates who have tried 
 for ten years to get the next degree, li k6ng ; 
 one who has bought an office, 
 
 ^^ kong 186 Odoriferous; diffused odor. 
 p^^ 151 9 cek koi" kong-kong phang; 
 si un hie"-cha a in si ? The whole place is full 
 of a sweet smell ; it comes from burning sandal 
 wood does it not ? phi" tieh kong-kong 
 
 phang ; smells very fragrant. 
 
 tA kong 112 A cannon ; a howitzer. 
 
 667 14 ci bue kong kai se°-cu eng 
 jieh toa ? How large a ball is required for this 
 cannon ? sin cu cek mng tang kong ; a newly 
 cast brass cannon. kong choi"; a swab for 
 
 cleaning a cannon. kong kai ieh long-cong 
 
 jip pin ; the cannon is already loaded. 
 
 kong 108 To roil ; to stir up and 
 370 T4 make turbid, 
 kong kau lo-lo ; roil by stirring. kong 16 i ; 
 roil it up. m tieh kong n^ng kai cui 6i tit 16 
 cia" u eng, to kong nang kai cui rn 16 cp ii eng 
 ne ? Of what use is it to make a fuss, if you do 
 not make one that amounts to something ? 
 
 — kp — 
 
 kp 104 Leprosy, scrofula, and kin- 
 
 156 9 dred diseases, 
 thai-ko ; leprosy. thai-kp nang; a leper, 
 
 thai-kp mi^-nua" kai nang ; one full of leprous 
 sores, thai-kp phua; a leprous woman, khia- 
 khi to thai-kp lio kp ; dwelling in a lazar- 
 house. khi-thau phu thai-kp; beginning to 
 
 show signs of leprosy. thai-kp khut-ciah ; a 
 leprous beggar. cong-cok toa, thai-kp khah 
 
 mi"-niia"; when a claia becomes large there are 
 always some in it who are far gone in leprosy, 
 thai-kp 6i ue nang ; leprosy is contagious, i si 
 tang a-no"-kia" thai-kp kai; he has been a leper 
 from his childhood. thai-kp, se"-mia°; to the 
 leprous, his life, thai-kp lau phu kau cek kai 
 cek kai ; the leper's domes rise one by one, (on 
 his body). 
 
 "^fg kp J 96 A parrot. 
 TqI^ 423 To eng-kp ; the green parrot, 
 lio-kp ; the minor, a bird which may be taught 
 to speak. 
 
 kp 130 Grease ; hard fat ; greasy 
 
 324 10 substances, 
 ngau cp kp ; make it into salve, buah kp-ieh ; 
 anoint with ointment. ngau ieh-kp ; make 
 
266 
 
 brCTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECt. 
 
 salve. k&i gAeh fi jieh coi kp hue ? How 
 
 much is allowed you per month for fat and fire 
 [a scholar's stipend]? ko-liang cu-t! ; a rich 
 man's son ; a young spendthrift. ngau iu-kp ; 
 try out lard, kinp nang ci"-kp; tear out the fat 
 of human entrails, llu r\kng kO-chiie ; squeeze 
 out peoples* marrow ; take the means of living 
 away from people, lu li6ng Id 16k, min kp min 
 ci°: hia min koi tigiak, slang-thi" Iftng khi ; 
 your salary and perquisites are the people's 
 substance : th e common people are easily op- 
 pressed, but God is not to be imposed upon, 
 cleh-kp ; gypsum. kp-huang ; the space 
 
 between the heart and diaphragm. 
 
 ¥ 
 
 kp 118 The culm of the bamboo ; a 
 310 8 slender stick, 
 tek ko ; a bamboo polo. khia ki tek kp Ifii ne 
 sa"; take a bamboo pole and hang the jackets 
 out to dry. khia tek-kp-kia" l&i tio mang- 
 tio°; take a small bamboo pole to suspend the 
 mosquito bar upon. tich khieh ki tng-tng 
 
 kui tek-kp cia" \S. tit tieh ; you must take a 
 very long pole and then you can poke it down. 
 
 ^^ kp 118 The pole of a boat. 
 1^ 324 10 i id tng thfiu.kp ; he is 
 bowman. cang kp the" cQ hd ; take the pole 
 and pole along and all will be well. ki kp 
 
 pang loh cu si cie"; put your pole in and it 
 becomes an oar. i kai kp cio" c6i ; they work 
 in unison ; they pull together. ci-kp kp m hd 
 the", tieh tau cfe"; we cannot pole here, we 
 must put on the oars. 
 
 kp 119 Cakes; pastry ; dumplings. 
 liiW 325 10 I'ang-p ai° ciah kp ; an in- 
 dulged child wants sweetmeats. koi nng ko ; 
 sponge cake. boi ce kp-pia" Ifii phiie t^ ; buy 
 a few cakes to eat with tea. gueh kp, gueh 
 
 pia"; cakes with and without stuffing, of a 
 crescent shape. nng kp ; soft cakes, kang 
 
 kp ; hard cakes. hun-phien kp ; cu-cheh kp ; 
 flaky cakes. lek-tau kp ; cakes having a core 
 of green peas, kp choi ; rice flour for making 
 pastry. 
 
 MV' kp 76 To sing in a recitative or 
 PJ/y 423 10 chanting style, 
 kp bu ; to chant and dance. kp-chiang ; to 
 
 chant. kp-chiang lai kai sia"-im ho ; it was 
 
 chanted melodiously. kp sia" lio liang ; clear 
 sounds of sweet music. min kang kai ko io ; 
 a popular ditty, kp-song i kai un-tek ; chant 
 praises of his goodness. 
 
 TtjT ko 80 An elder brother ; a term of 
 FIJ 42i3 7 respect, 
 a kp ; the Emperor's sons ; my elder brother ; 
 a term used in addressing another person's 
 servant, kp kp; toa kp; my dear elder brother. 
 ISu kp ; venerable Sir. 
 
 ^ 
 
 kp 140 Perfume ; fragrant. 
 129 4 kp-kp-phang ; odoriferous. 
 
 :^ kp 128 A lamb. 
 
 i^» 325 4 iang kp, raiii" ciu ; stewed 
 
 lamb and delicate wines. 
 
 k(5 115 The culm of grain ; a first 
 [P] 325 10 draft of a paper ; a minute ; 
 proof sheet.8. 
 
 beh kd ; wheat straw, tiu kp-ch^a; rice straw, 
 chau-kd ; hay. i kai Qe chwn min phah kd, H- 
 li ta"; he has no need of writing out beforehand 
 what he is going to say, but speaks off-hand 
 with fluency, cek n&ng khf kd, cek nilng sfa ; 
 one made tlio rough draft, and the other wrote 
 out a fair copy. i si sia tieh theng-kd teng 
 
 k&i; he got his degree through writing a tlieme. 
 hfth tieh i k&i theug u kd ; it suits his theme, 
 n&ng cheng-lm i c6 kd-koug; people addre.ss 
 him as head clerk of the office where the 
 records of cases are kept. phai i cp kd-iia" 
 
 mng-cie"; depute him to be the keeper of the 
 office where the records of cases are deposited. 
 
 _ga kd 145 A bundle ; a parcel. 
 ^pj^ 490 pau-kp ; a bundle, pi pau- 
 kd ; carry a bundle on the back. pau-kd 
 
 phue ; the cloth wrapper in which a bundle 
 is bound, ke siang- hd, mdng pau-kd ; falsely 
 friendly, manipulating your bundle to find out 
 what is in it. 
 
 -r in kd 75 kd-png ; a plant like water- 
 j |BJ 325 10 hemlock or cowbane, (Cicuta) 
 whose seeds are used as medicine, kd-piig hd 
 ti thau-tliia"; cowbane is good for the headache, 
 kd-buah hah hie"-lio-buah hd cp cp hie"; pow- 
 dered cowbane, with incense powder, is good to 
 use as incense. 
 
   /y^ kp 30 To accuse ; to inform ; to ad- 
 Pt 326 4 vise of ; to request, 
 ngwn-kp ; the plaintiff, pi kp ; the defendant, 
 ngwn-ko kui to tang poi", pi-ko kui to sai ppi", 
 kang-ceng cu kui tin-tang ; the plaintiff kneels 
 on the east, the defendant on the west, and 
 the witness in the centre, php-ko si tl-tiang ? 
 Who is to plead the case ? chut ko-si ; issue a 
 proclamation. i ko lu mih su ? What does he 
 charge you with ? i pun mdng n&ng khong- 
 
btCTtONARt OP THB SWATOW DtALttCT. 
 
 267 
 
 kp ticli ; iie lias been accused by a certain per- 
 son, i u ko, ua u sii ; he has a charge, and I 
 have a refutation. cia ko m cle" cua ; this ac- 
 cusation is not worth the paper it takes to 
 write it on. iTi-ho bii-ko nang ; bring no false 
 charges, kp ciig ; an indictment. i khu kp 
 gu cng, tieh khu cie''-si kp, k6 Ho, cia" hah- 
 Bck kp gu cng ; if one wislies to appeal to the 
 supreme court, he must first bring his case 
 before the provincial courts in their order, and 
 then if he is not satisfied with the decision he 
 appeals to the supreme court. i hang ke to 
 
 sie kp ; the two parties are suing each other, 
 kp Ho ti-tiang ia" ? Who won the suit? ci'a 
 sng si ii kp bp su kiii ; this is to be reckoned as 
 a charge without any defence. kp kia cek kai 
 gueh ; ask a month's leave of absence. i hin- 
 khek kp pe" li'o to ke thio ui; having got leave 
 of absence on account of sickness, he is at home 
 nursing his health, i khu kp cong-iang, kp i7i 
 ciui; he went to get leave of absence on account 
 of his duties to his parents, but did not get it. 
 
 w 
 
 kp 75 To row with an oar. 
 34 8 kp me" ce; row faster, kp ci'e"; 
 to i*ow. i oi ko cun a boi ? Can he row a boat? 
 
 kp 141 A place ; a point. 
 
 94 5 ci-kp ; here. bu-kp ; there, 
 ti-kp ; where. mua°-ti-kp ; everywhere. lii 
 ai° khu ti-kp ? Where are you going ? i bp 
 khu ti-kp ; he has not gone anywhere. pang 
 to ti-kp ? Where did you put it ? pat-kp ; 
 
 elsewhere. khu pang pat-kp ; go and put it 
 somewhere else. kp-kp to ho ; any place will 
 do. bo kp ho pang ; there is no place to put 
 it. kia" bp kp khu ; there is no place to walk 
 in. lu lai ua kp, lia li khu lu kp ; you came to 
 my house, and I went to yours. raai" khu i 
 
 kp ; do not go where he is. lai lin kp cp ; 
 
 come and sit with us. lin cf khii hie" kp, bp 
 sim-mueh ho ciah ; if we go there we shall 
 find nothing to eat. sia"-chi kp cii u mueh hp 
 ciah ; in the market there are edibles. khu 
 
 pheng-iu kp ta° He ; gone to a friend's to 
 consult with him. kp-kp u ; every place 
 
 contains some. ci kai si eng kau ti-kp khu ? 
 How far will this go in supplying our wants ? 
 na ci kuii kp mp-ki" kau hiig-hng kp ; stay 
 near here and look away off yonder. bp ti- 
 
 kp hp thit-tho ; there is no place to go for 
 recreation. lu khia pang ci'-kp ; you stand 
 
 here. lu khu cp pang hu-kp ; you go and sit 
 there, to hu khau kp ; outside there. to hu 
 t<3i kp ; inside there. gua min kp ; on the 
 
 outside, hai ki° kp ; on the sea-shore. to ci 
 lo pi° kp ; here by the roadside. to sua" kha 
 
 kp ; by the foot of the hill. t5 min-chn^ § 
 
 ko; under the bed. to i thau-khak teng kp ; 
 above his head. to i sin-pi" kp ; upon his 
 
 person, i to hu teng kp, a si to ci e kp ? Is it 
 up there or down here ? jwn ti ko hd ; any 
 
 place will do. bp kp h(5 hiah; no place to lodge. 
 
 kp 32 A classifier ; a lump ; a piece. 
 
 471 10 cek kp nek ; a piece of meat. 
 
 hu kp ti jieh khuah? How wide is that piece 
 of land ? khieh kp pfa" pun i ; get a biscuit 
 and give it to her. ai° ke no kp ; I want two 
 lumps more. ku-a kp pau cp cek kp ; several 
 pieces wrapped in one bundle. Iph ko-kia" peh- 
 hwn ; put in a little bit of alum, kng kp cieh 
 lai tu ; bring a stone and brace it. cang kp 
 
 cha lai soih ; stay it in place by a bit of wood. 
 
 PI 
 
 kp 170 kp-keh ; to hinder ; to cause 
 88 5 delay; to embarrass; to impede. 
 raua''-ti-kp kp-ko-keh-keh, kia" kang gueh cia" 
 kau ; was hindered everywhere, and arrived 
 only after a whole month's travel, cek tit kau 
 hd-kp khu, chvvn b6 tiara-kia" kp-keh tieh ; 
 went there at one stretch, and without the 
 least delay anywhere. 
 
 ■''** kp 118 A conical or cylindrical trap, 
 329 5 made of bamboo, for catching 
 fish ; it is dragged along the bottom, 
 hu kp, he kp ; traps for fish and for prawns, 
 ce jip kp toi cQ boi tit chut ; if they once get 
 into the trap they cannot get out. 
 
 — ^oh. — 
 
 IaI koh 102 Strange ; diverse ; different. 
 ^^ 281 6 kph ie" cai ; most extraor- 
 dinary, ua thoi" tieh koh ie"; to me it appears 
 odd. i kio i sng si kph se"; he is of a different 
 surname from him. i kai nang se" lai koh ie"; 
 he is different from Other people. i kai se"- 
 cheng koh ie"; he has a queer disposition. 
 
 0->^ kph 30 To irritate the throat. 
 ^f 970 10 pi'a" oi kph au ; the biscuit 
 rasps my throat. ci kin kp ciah tieh khah 
 
 kph au ; this sort of jam makes the throat 
 tingle too much as it goes down. mai" khut 
 in kph tieh; do not get strangled'by the smoke, 
 to hwt hue : kia" khui ce, mai" khut i kph tieh; 
 he is slaking lime : go farther off so as not to 
 be choked. khoi-sua-pa ngo tieh than huang 
 ciu oi kph tieh nang ; the sand of the river 
 bottom, if there happens to be a wind, may 
 choke one. 
 
2G8 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 koh 169 A povoh ; an anteroom ; 
 
 426 6 a corridor; female apart- 
 ments ; a council-chamber or the ofl&cers as- 
 sembled in it. 
 
 lai kph ; tlie Inner Council. iSi kph tong-su ; 
 the clerk of the Inner Council. poih jip lai 
 
 koh ; become a member of the Inner Council, 
 tang koh tfii hak-su ; the Premier, si kai cai- 
 Biang, no kai cheng toi", no kai cheng koh ; 
 of the four ministers, two are called chamber- 
 lains, and two councilors. kph chiu ; coun- 
 cilors, kph lau ; cabinet ministers. ra6ng si 
 jtp kph ; at that time entered the cabinet, kph 
 e kiii se"; Your Excellency. khi kua liang 
 tfing ciii kph ; build summer houses and bal- 
 conies. 15i kph chau chut siang ju ; the 
 cabinet ministers copy the imperial edicts. l\i- 
 k&i choi"-kira cSng chut kph a bQe ? Has your 
 daughter yet issued from the inner apart- 
 ments ? Is she yet married ? hlu kph ; a look- 
 out ; a balcony ; a summer house. 
 
 m 
 
 kph 130 The armpit. 
 
 427 G kph-thang-e ; the part of the 
 body covered by the arm. nio i kSi kph-e; 
 hugged under hi.s arm. chah i ktii kph-e; 
 
 support him by lifting at his armpit. 
 
 koh 64 To hinder, to obstruct. 
 
 426 14 kph-cQ ; to impede, to put a 
 stop to. tam-kph ; to delay, to put difficulties 
 in the way. mai" tam-kph khah kii ; do not 
 procrastinate too long. 
 
 — ku — 
 
 ku 218 The tortoise and terrapin ; 
 
 481 some kinds of beetles, 
 ku pue ; arched over like a terrapin's back, 
 l&i khu pok kai ku khiie ; let us go and divine 
 by means of the markings on a tortoise shell, 
 ku-khak h(5 pok khue ; the shell of the tortoise 
 may be used in divination, eng cp ku-pang lo 
 cu im, cu p6 n&ng sin-teng kai im hun ; make 
 use of the breastplate or plastron of the tortoise 
 to enrich the blood, and to strengthen the 
 body, kim ku hai mia°; the tortoise that laid 
 golden nuggets cost his owner his life, hang- 
 ku tui heng ; the starry ray beating its breast; 
 unavailing regrets. kim ku thut khak ; an 
 
 empty tortoise shell. lai boi ce hang-ku-jie 
 
 l&i ciah cu im ; buy a little dried skate skin to 
 take as a strengthening medicine. hang-ku 
 
 phi": the snout of the skate, ciii ku; the water 
 beetle, chiah bi ku ; the box turtle, ku ciia ; 
 reptiles. ku cua kau-hue ; creeping things 
 
 affiliate with each other. ku leng hph sng ; 
 
 very long lived. 
 
 ku 9^ Hunchbacked ; to stoop. 
 1126 dl ku ie ; hunchbacked. ie 
 
 ku kkn phak-phak; he is bent almost double, 
 i kai ie se" lai tam-ku tara-ku ne ; he is very 
 round shouldered. i si iu-ui tfing miieh teii 
 tieh t\-k^u ku ie ; he became hunchbacked by 
 carrying heavy burdens. i kai ie ku-ku ; ho 
 is much bent. phak-ku 16h kliu khieh ; stoop 
 down and pick it up. sin ce ku ke cQ iam 
 
 k\°; as soon as he bent down he espied it. 
 
 MM 
 
 ku-a Several ; many. 
 
 171 ku-& hue; ever so many 
 times. ku-a tng; several times. ku-i kai ; 
 quite a number of them, ku-ft nftng ; a good 
 many persons. 
 
 ku 160 A fault ; a crime ; a failure in 
 432 6 duty; a dereliction; sin, guilt, 
 bo ku ; innocent, bp ku sin lui ; compromised 
 when guiltless. clip suah bp ku ; killed the 
 
 innocent, i to b6 ku a ; he is not at fault. 
 
 ku 179 Scallions or chives. 
 414 kn-chai ; chives, 
 thng ; broth made with scallions. 
 
 ku-chai 
 
 The 18th diagram ; a slow 
 poison; to harass with doubts. 
 
 kii 142 
 
 434 17 
 ua pok tieh kdi khue si kiikhne; I cast and 
 threw the eighteenth diagram, referring to 
 occupation. kang pe cu ku ; follow a father's 
 calling. cf ie° ieh hd ti kii tak ; this medi- 
 
 cine is an antidote for slow poison. i si 1<5 
 
 kii-hok ntlng sim ; he is disquieting people's 
 minds. 
 
 ku 30 Great felicity or prosperity ; 
 I5v 352 11 propitious, 
 tl-tiang id thak kti— su ? Who is reading the 
 invocation ? 
 
 /t kii 4 Enduring; lasting ; to continue 
 /X 413 2 a long time, 
 chiang-kii kai su; a protracted affair. kii-kii 
 lai cp ; come in often and sit awhile, hph ku ; 
 a long while. mki" khah kii ; do not be too 
 
 long about it. boi u jieh kii lie ? How long 
 ago did you buy it ? lai jieh ua kii, hwn-iio 
 ill cai ; came ever so long ago, and still did 
 not know it. ci ie" sek ni nSi kii ; this color 
 is not a durable one. ni Ing gueh kii, khua°- 
 khua" sio-sih ; it gradually diminishes in size 
 all the time, cieh kia" kii 6i kng-kut; the roll- 
 ing stone becomes smooth, tang u cek jit ku ; 
 waited a whole day. tng-tng kii-kii ; forever, 
 kii piet ho ; long parted. cie"-si kii ui ; we 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 269 
 
 have not met lately, ku ngmng toa mia"; have 
 long re.'^pectfd you. bo ua ku ;, not very long, 
 hiah kau sa° jit ku, mai" kbu tliSng i ; do 
 not touch it for three days. kti pe" ISu ui 
 
 kua°; when one has long been sick he knows 
 all about the doctors. ju kii ju keng i ; the 
 longer you know him the more you will respect 
 him. huam su tieh oi sie" ku-ing; in every 
 affair one must tliink of the ultimate results, 
 khia-khi kii cii sek ; when you have lived long 
 in a place you become familiar with it. co cie 
 kti ? Why have you been so long about it ? 
 lu khu hie" kii, khu ti-ko ? Where have you 
 been, that you have been gone so long ? cok- 
 cok u kai si-sin ku, h\vn m hau" hiah ; has 
 been at it for a full hour, and still will not stop. 
 ku-kii to-ko ; is always there, eng ku cu cai ; 
 after having used it for a long time you will 
 know. kau kii cia" cai; found it out after a 
 long while. kii-kii thak i7i pat ; never learns 
 anything by study. ni'n co-ni kii-kii td sng ; 
 why are you all the time playing. lia thoi" i 
 ciah ill ku li ; I do not think she will live 
 long. jip khu cek toa kiia kii hwn hue chut ; 
 has been in there fully half a day and has not 
 yet come out. cia si kii ni kai much ; this is a 
 thing that is to be used for many years, kii si 
 Bie" ceng, kii o sie" khi, kii lip sie° kuu ; pro- 
 tracted study injures the vital force, much 
 lying down is hurtful to the constitution, stand- 
 ing too long harms the sinews. kvi iia" hong 
 kam ho ; have a refreshing shower after a 
 long drought. kii ho hi sin ce°; after a long 
 rain one rejoices in a clear sky. ku bun toa 
 mia"; have long heard about Your Excellency, 
 su ku ki" nang sim ; when a business is long 
 protracted, the true characters of people are 
 revealed by it. 
 
 kii 154 A shopman; a resident or sct- 
 F^ 434 6 tied trader, as distinguished 
 from a travelling one. 
 
 kia" siang, co kii ; travelling traders, and 
 resident dealers. su long kong kii ; literary 
 men, agriculturalists, artisans and mei'chants. 
 
 ku 86 To cauterize ; to raise blisters 
 413 3 by burning moxa or the dried 
 tinder of the Artemisia on the skin. 
 i 6i cam ku ; he understands the use of the 
 lancet and of cautery. eng hiie lai kii cu ho ; 
 it will be well to cauterize it with fire. cang 
 hia"-mi" lai ku ; apply moxa and cauterize it. 
 ku u kui cap cang ; cauterized several tens of 
 times. ku kai huap si eng hia"-j6ng lai ku ; 
 
 the method of cauterization is by burning moxa 
 on the skin. 
 
 kix 181 To look after ; to attend to ; 
 ■^ 435 12 to care for, to regard ; to 
 consider ; to patronize. 
 
 CO su to tieh kii coi" ku Su ; in doing things 
 one must consider both what has preceded and 
 what will follow, cio-ku ; to bestow patronage 
 upon; to get employment for; to consider the 
 interests of. i ii kwn-ku i a b6 ? Is she 
 
 considerate toward him ? th6i°-ku ; to look 
 after; to attend to. ci'a rang si cliin nang, na 
 li m th6i"-ku i ; this is a relative, and how can 
 we do other than show regard for him. siu 
 
 biio siang ku ; the beginning and the end 
 correspond, ham i tieh cai kwn-kii ; tell him 
 he must take heed. kii chu li sit pi, ku pi li 
 sit chu : kang-kho cS,i ; if we regard this we 
 lose that, and if we give heed to that we miss 
 this : it is indeed trying. i co-ni m kii ka-ki, 
 toa" kii pat nang ; why does he not take care 
 of himself, as well as of other people. ci ku 
 kih-kau pui, m kii sin-cie" ui ; cares only to 
 have fat cheeks, and is indifferent about what 
 he wears. Ifiu cii kii ; an old patron. h(5 cli 
 kii ; a good customer, phai i td kwn-ku n^ng- 
 kheli ; depute him to attend to the visitors, 
 tieh cai kwn-ku t6, kwn-ku hun ; you must 
 attend to the setting forth of the tea, and of 
 the tobacco, -iii si-phi"; to look around on all 
 sides. iu ai" ku lai, iu ai" ku giia, cia tieh u 
 boh oi kai cia" li tit kbu ; the internal and the 
 external relationships have all to be considered 
 in this, and he must be a very able person 
 who can manage it all. kii chit peh gua phi"; 
 looking after a thousand things. mih-mueh 
 
 kii kau ciap-ciap coi ; takes perfect care of 
 everything. khiin-kia" kvi ci, khiin-kia" kii 
 hu, kii m li ; have so many things to attend 
 to that T cannot look after them all. kii kau 
 kua" lai li juah kau, ku kau juah lai li kua" 
 kau ; by the time the work of the cold weather 
 is attended to, summer has come, and by the 
 time the summer's work is looked after, it is 
 cold weather again. cie"-se° da si kii tieh i ; 
 in so doing I show regard for him. i to m ku 
 miig huang; he does not regard the credit of 
 the hou.se and family. i siang-teng kii ke ; 
 he has great regard for his family. kii pe 
 
 bo, kii bo kia", kii hia" ti ; to show considera- 
 tion for parents, for wife and children, or for 
 brethren. kii lien ; careful of his reputation, 
 i ci hiie cu ku put hia, co n thang kii pat nang; 
 he has at present no leisure to look after him- 
 self, how should he have the time to look after 
 other people. tieh kii png ci"; must take care 
 of your capital. tai-ke tieh sie cio-ku ; you 
 must all render assistance to each other, iu ai" 
 ku thau kii kha ; must look to both ends of it. 
 
270 
 
 DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 >t^ ku 80 A plirase; a sentence; a claasi- 
 Hv 440 2 fier of phrases; a line in verse. 
 tliak kau u ku u tan ; read with attention to 
 the stops, i kfii ku tan h6; his periods are well 
 arranged. cek ku cek kii thak hln-hln ; read 
 it plainly, sentence by sentence. ci cek cak 
 
 cu u kiii ku ? How many sentences are there in 
 this verse ? tfam kii kau ko ; punctuate and 
 divide into paragraphs. m seng kii ; not a 
 
 complete sentence. ai° kfti lii ta° ku lie ; 
 
 wants to speak a word with you. ta." n6 kii 
 cu ho ; speak very briefly. P«ng b6 pua" kii 
 hu-ngan ; has not an unmeaning phrase in it. 
 i n6 n&ng cfi-lai b6 kii iio ; the two have not 
 heretofore had words with each other. i t<5 
 CO h(5 81 kii ; ho is making verses. llam kii si 
 chut l&i ; recited a verse of poetry. c6k jit 
 
 thfi.k b6 kiii kii ; reads but very few lines a 
 day. i cek kii cu si c6k ku ; when he says a 
 thing he adheres to it. mai" ta" ke kii ; do 
 
 not talk about it any more. chwn b6 ke ku ; 
 there is nothing more to be said. i ta" Qe bd 
 ku sit ; there is not a word of truth in what 
 he says. kii-ku to si ho ue ; every word of it 
 is good, cfa si sa" kii si kai ci" phiiti" lAi kai ; 
 this is merely something that I casually heard, 
 and I do not vouch for its truth. 
 
 w. 
 
 kii C6 Thecauseorreasonof a thing; 
 
 434) 5 what is purposed; the occa- 
 sion ; the pretext. 
 
 u kii ; there is a reason for it. b6 kii ; cause- 
 lessly, bo wn bo kii ; it is wholly without 
 cause. u sim-mih wn-kii ? What led to it ? 
 kii-chu ; therefore ; for this reason. i lu si kii 
 i cie"-se'' co ; he did not do it intentionally. 
 b6 kii, cu me" nang, phah nang ; reviles and 
 beats people without any reason for it. ci'a 
 sng si sio kii kai su ; this is a trifling matter, 
 bo sim-mih toa wu-kii ; this is no great matter, 
 si se-su kai sbi ku; is but a slight pretext, ku 
 huam kai cu bo sia ; a willful offense is unpar- 
 donable, i si ui sira-raih su-kii lai ? What 
 was the occasion for his coming ? bo su b6 
 ku, ai" lai raih su ? What do you come for, if 
 you have no occasion for coming ? lia mng si 
 ui lu cu ku cia° cie^-se"; it was on your account 
 that I did thus. 
 
 kii 31 Firm ; fixed ; strengthened; to 
 435 5 fortify ; impervious. 
 kii-tS,u si cie°-se"; it is surely so. kien-kii c5i ; 
 very stable. co kau kien-kien kii-kii ; make it 
 so that it will be very firm and substantial. 
 ciig kai m kien la kii ; it is not at all firmly 
 made. ci kii ue ho kien-kii i kai sim ; his 
 
 mind may be fortified by this remark. co su 
 
 i7i-hd kii cip; do not be pertinacious. c5 kii- 
 cip cO m thonj; ; when perverse one is deaf to 
 reason, i kai khwn mih su to si kii-kii cip-cip ; 
 it is his nature to be very pertinacious about 
 everything. i kai much cii-kii cSi ; his wares 
 are very durable. jii-ku jii-kii ; lasting; firm 
 and durable. kii-siu hu kai ti-hng ; fortify 
 
 that place. 
 
 ^nPl kii 169 To close or stop securely ; 
 $IEJ 435 8 to interfere and prevent, 
 kii-kin c^kai nAng, mai" khut i cak-tong; 
 hedge this man up, and not allow him to aot. 
 ku-kin; to stop up the way; to restrain; to 
 
 Erevent, as good men getting into office ; to 
 eep, as one in banishment. 
 
 A chronic, incurable com- 
 plaint, such as leprcsy, gout. 
 
 kii 104 
 
 435 X 
 or palsy, 
 kii si huang ; an incurable ailment. 
 
 /H ka 9 A collective adjective of 
 |^> 438 8 number, placed after the 
 noun, and denoting things or people ; all, the 
 whole ; at once. 
 
 bwri miieh kQ pi ; everything is ready. peh 
 Ie° kQ chwn ; everything is complete. ceng 
 ndng kQ t5 ; they are all there. si-chii ku ii ; 
 they are to be found in every direction. SJ- 
 kbiii-kit, si khiii k>i 6i se"; the four season 
 orange is produced in all the four seasons, 
 nang-nang kQ cai ; everyone knows. ku si 
 
 c6k le"; it is all the same. pi chu ku cheng- 
 ngvvn ; both are willing. n5-chu ku hau°;both 
 assent, liang-ke ku hua°-hi; both are satisfied. 
 ci ciia" n^ng ku si siang-sin kai ; all these 
 people are believers in it. mih mueh ku bd ; 
 there is nothing whatever. cek chiet ku ii ; 
 have all of them, cf c§k png cu kai to-li lia kQ 
 pat ; I know all the doctrines in this book. 
 
 ku 61 To stand in awe of; fearful. 
 
 440 18 kia°-ku ; afraid. sim si 
 
 kii-pha" i ; is in great dread of him. bo kia" 
 bo ku ; in no fear of. iii-ku, kiie sim ; over- 
 mastering awe. 
 
 -fcj^ lt\lrll ku-ku The turtle-dove, the wood- 
 /H^ -t^ 412 pigeon, 
 ku-ku to kie ; the wood-dove is calling. ku- 
 ku u SI si kie ce°, u si kie ho ; the turtle-dove 
 sometimes utters its note when it is going to 
 clear, and sometimes when it is going to rain, 
 ku-ku ku ; the calling of wood-doves. kQ-kn 
 ci ciah ce kie, hu ciah cu tue i kie ; among the 
 wood-doves, when this one calls, that one 
 echoes the note. 
 
DICTIONABT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 271 
 
 El kti 12 Utensils; implements ; prepai'- 
 'J^>^ 440 6 ed ; well arranged ; to furnish, 
 khi-ku ; a utensil ; a tool. kuu ku kiii ie" loi- 
 mueli sang i ; carefully prepare a number of 
 presents to offer him. te-ku ; a set of tea- 
 
 dishes, hun-ku ; the articles used in smoking 
 opium. eng ku-co kai thiap khu chi'a" i a 
 
 min ? Should we write a formal note and go 
 and invite him thereby, or not ? sai cSn herig 
 ku ; privately invent instruments of torture, 
 thoi" CO ku bun; he regarded it as a mere form, 
 ku pin nang; the one who gets out a warrant. 
 
 ku 134 The brothei's of one's mother 
 _ _ 414 7 or wife, 
 bo ku ; mother's brother. chi ku ; wife's 
 
 brother. toa ku, ji kii, sbi ku ; the eldest, 
 
 next to the eldest, and the youngest of one's 
 mother's or wife's brothers, ua kai a ku ; my 
 maternal uncle; my wife's brother, a kti kia"; 
 my wife's little brother. gua ku ; my wife's 
 father. ku seng ; my sister's grown up male 
 children, a gu ku ; a constable of the infernal 
 regions, having a cow's head. 
 
 Wi 
 
 ku 66 Out of use ; former ; old. 
 
 434 5 ku kau ; a former associate. 
 i kio lia si ku kau ; he is an old acquaintance 
 of mine. si ua kai ku nang ; it is an old 
 
 employe of mine. cia si lia kai ku-nang-sai ; 
 this is one of my old customers. ku hie"; 
 
 native village, from which one has been long 
 absent, ku kok ; fatherland ; the old country, 
 kui tng ku hie"; returned to his old home, 
 ku iu; an old friend. 
 
 ku 134 Old ; worn out ; defunct ; of 
 414 12 yore ; long kept, 
 ku si ; olden times. m liam i ku jit kai ak ; 
 not call to mind his former sin. ku nt ; last 
 year. jeng ku; as aforetime. ]*eng ku si i to 
 CO ; it was he who made them before, kii much, 
 relics. bdi kii hue ; buy second hand goods. 
 boi kii i ; sell second hand clothing. to koi-lo 
 p kii tang siah lai boi kai ; hawk old brass and 
 pewter wares in the street in order to sell them, 
 lia thdi"-ki" i pai kai ku te-kvVn chin-chle" lu 
 kai ; I observed that he set out an ancient tea- 
 pot, ranch like yours, kii thih-teng; old nails, 
 lu cng kai ai° eng sin kai, a ai" cang kii e" sai, 
 ku hia ? Are you going to use what is altoge- 
 ther new, or are you going to use the old 
 timbers and old tiles ? ci kai sa" co-ni cheng 
 bo kiii jit cii kii ? "Why is it that this gown is 
 worn out, since you have worn it but a few 
 days ? lia thoi" i cheng kia" hok-sek, ne ku- 
 ku ne ; I see that she wears a garment that is 
 
 very old. b6 sin c6 li kfl ? If I have never 
 
 had new ones how can I have old ones ? ke- 
 ci" cie kQ ; the price is the same as before, cXa 
 kii ie"; follow the same old pattern, eng-teng 
 eng kau kii-ku ; it was dusty, with dust that 
 made it appear very old. cia si ngwn-kil kA,i 
 ki-ci; this is the old foundation. x\i lai m hd, 
 soi bo no kue cu kii ; it is not well dyed, and 
 will look old before it has been twice washed, 
 cheng hii pua"-ku-Ioh kai sa"-kho ; wear a suit 
 of half worn clothes, pua" sin pua" ku; neither 
 new nor old. ku cii ; old master. kii cu 
 put iam peh hiie thak ; one does not tire of old 
 books in reading them a hundred times. un 
 ku cu ; well conned books. boi tio ciah ku 
 
 cun ; sold an old boat, chia sin hai" kQ ; take 
 on credit in order to pay off an old score, khu 
 kau, thoi" tieh min ku-kii; went near enough to 
 see his face, and saw it was a familiar one. m 
 khah ku, khah kii m cia" Ie"; not what is too 
 long kept, that which has been standing too 
 long, is not up to the mark, sin kii ; does not 
 show age. ku chii ; an old house. 
 
 — kua — 
 
 .wfy kua 76 A ballad; a song; a rhapsody. 
 Rj/V 423 10 chie kua ; sing ballads. cSk 
 tio kua; a ballad. chie c§k chat kua; sing 
 one song, kua cheh ; a song-book, i kai kua 
 sia" chie lai hd tliia"; his song is well sung, 
 kha kua; play on the "bones" and recite 
 ballads, chai te kua ; ballads sung by the tea 
 pickers. kua kliek ; ditties. cia bo kua bo 
 khek ; this has no poetry about it. 
 
 kua 77 To revert to ; terminate in ; 
 tl 480 14 to betake to; to be in. 
 khwn kua i cek chin ; the authority is in his 
 hands, mih fiii cng k.ai kua i; everything goes 
 through his hands. ci" ngun Idng-cdng kua to 
 i ko; the money is all in his hands, si phi" kai 
 ciii Idng-cdng kua loh hai ; the water from all 
 sides runs into the sea. to tieh kua cek nang li 
 cia" tia"; the management must be in the hands 
 of a single individual, then it will be firm. 
 
 ^^^ kua 120 To pass by or through ; to 
 J\bC 404 7 go through, 
 lia kua tiie i ko khu ; I went along by his 
 house. kua tue i hie"-li coi" kue ; passed 
 
 along in front of their village, mih su to tieh 
 kua i kai chiu ; everything must go through 
 his hands. tieh tang kua chiu kai nang lai ; 
 must wait until those who have the matter in 
 hand shall arrive, cia bo kua i ; this is .some- 
 thing that he has nothing to do with, mih su 
 kua kau thau ; have gone through with all the 
 different sorts of business. 
 
272 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 kua 64 To suspend ; to hang tip or 
 
 467 8 npon. 
 kua pai a bue ? Is the bnletin board hung out 
 yet ? lia tli6i"-ki° wn mng teng kua ko pai, b! 
 raong jit, ai° chut kah-tie" tlioi" chau ; I saw 
 a buletin hung out at tlje side door, announc- 
 ing that on a certain day there would be a 
 grand review of troops, kiia mak-k\a°; weai-s 
 spectacles. ftm kua chio ca ; wears a string 
 
 of official beads on the neck. sd-sl kua 
 
 t6 ie-lo-iba; had his key attached to his 
 girdle. khf-thak kua tS tftng-th^u t^ng ; had 
 his tooth-pick hung on the lapel of his tunic, 
 kak koi-chi ciang teng kiia chai si (ii raih 
 su ? Why is it that there are lanterns hung 
 out, and banners displayed in the streets 
 everywhere ? ning-klia teng kua chai-bfti ; 
 
 di-ape the space above the door with variegated 
 cloth. kua chfu-hwn ; wear bracelets. kiia 
 hi"-kau; wear ear-rings. kua chiu-cak ; wear 
 a finger-ring. sin teng kiia kai khiara ; wear 
 a necklace with pendants. ie t^ng kua ki 
 
 kiara ; wear a sword at the belt. kiia ki ie-tp; 
 wear a dagger. i sin teng kiia iS lau-Ia" h& ; 
 he wears an amulet. kua cie-pdi ; hang out 
 a sign board. kua m!a°; hang out one's sign, 
 kua to chSe" k6 ; hung out against the wall, 
 sang pdi" kua no kai kia"; two pictures hung 
 one on either side. sin t^tig kua kai 8!-pie ; 
 
 wore a watch, be kiia kili hilm-long; the horse 
 •wore a little roxind bell. kiia ko hun-pai t<S 
 kd ; a black board was hanging there. kiia 
 
 kha-hwn ; wear ankle-rings. ki\a chfu-soh ; 
 
 wear a chain on the wrist, kua kha-llo, chfu- 
 khuu I wear fetters on the feet and hands, 
 kua fim-ui ; wear a collar. kiia jiin-ki ; wear 
 bangles. 
 
 kiia 140 A cover ; a lid. 
 iL 307 10 ai" kham tia'-khkm kiia, a 
 kliara leng-sng kua ? Shall I cover it with 
 the pan cover or the steamer cover ? ci kui 
 
 kai-au kiia khk tio khut ; the cover of this 
 covered cup is broken. sie''-kua ; the lid of a 
 trunk. io° khui sie^-kua khut i phak ; lift 
 
 the lid of the trunk, and let it sun. te-kwn 
 ill kah kua ; the lid of the tea-pot does not fit. 
 te-k\Vn kiia io" khui, thdi" te hieh kau ni6 ; 
 raise the lid of the tea-pot, and see if enough 
 tea has been put in. te-bi-k\Vu ksii kiia ai" 
 
 phah oi him huang kai ; as to the cover of the 
 tea canister, I want that made air-tight. ue 
 kua klm io" khui, pflg kiin lio; go and raise the 
 cover of the rice pot, the rice is boiling over, 
 j" ap kua ; the cover of an ink-stone box. teng 
 kiia ; a lamp-shade, 
 
 kiia 85 kan-kiia; to be concerned in. 
 
 750 7 i kio ua bo kau-kiia ; he has 
 nothing to do with me. lia kio i bo kau bd 
 kiia ; 1 am in no way concerned in what affects 
 him. b6 kaa-kiia piia" ii ; not the least con- 
 nection between them. i kio i u sim-mih 
 kau-kiia ? What are the relations between 
 them ? Bira-mih su to tieh kau-kiia tiii i chia 
 kue ; everything must pass through his hands. 
 
 Mn kiia 169 Daring; an interval of time. 
 |f»J 381 4 jit-kiia; day time. me"-kiia; 
 in the night. i ci kiia fi l&i mS ? Did be 
 come awhile ago ? 
 
 m 
 
 kiia 145 A short wide jacket with 
 
 468 8 sleeves, 
 be-kua; a riding jacket, kun ki kiin; a jacket 
 which opens at the side. cheng phaa kiia; 
 
 wear a long robe and a short tunic, lu thoi' i 
 k&i ho kua si tl Ie"? What uniform do you think 
 it is that he wears ? si ng be-kiia ; confer a 
 yellow robe, phfie b^-kiii ; a fur jacket, p Ii 
 th&h kua; got the inner garment outside. 
 
 AtL ^"* ?i -^ ^I'^^f ft day. 
 
 I 1061 2 cle"-kiia ; forenoon, e-kiia ; 
 afternoon. cie" pua" kiia; the middle of the 
 forenoon. S piia" kiia ; the middle of the after- 
 noon, tdng k.^a cek kiia; waited half a day. 
 cS c§k kiia bd kii Qe ; sat half a day without 
 speaking. 
 
 ^rt kiia 80 Together with ; altogether ; 
 ^V* 254 "6 jointly. 
 
 kOa sa° kfla hiu" ham sin ut ; slept with all his 
 clothes on. kua sa" loh klm ut ; went to bed 
 in his clothes. kQa ua co-pu khu ; go along 
 with me. kiia a-no"-kia° hue cp ce lai ; come 
 along with the children, kua i a-ce cp-pu lai ; 
 came with his elder sister. kiia hu kai cp cek 
 e khieh kliu ; take it along with that. 1° ktla 
 bak c6 c6 kio i cieh ; borrow both his inkstone 
 and his ink. mai" kiia chi'u ka tieh ; do not 
 cut your fingers as well, cia kua hi'a ua long- 
 cong ai°; I want both this and that. ta-po 
 
 kiia cu-nie cng kai t6 ; the men and the women 
 are all at home. 
 
 m 
 
 ktla 1 A copulative particle ; altoge- 
 700 7 ther, and, also, even, with, 
 moreover. 
 
 khieh kiia ki tp lai ; brought even a knife along 
 too. pak kua chio kiin ; wore a court petticoat 
 as well. lah kiia sa'-kho lai ; brought also 
 
 some clothes over her arm. siu kiia ke-si lah- 
 buah, cp c§ khu ; made ready her household 
 gear and sundries, to be taken away at the 
 
DICTIONART OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 273 
 
 same time. kua min !a in soi ; does not wash 
 even his face. i kua lia to )7i-ui ; he does not 
 fear even me. kua i a-pe to b6 tang i ; he 
 
 does not wait for his father even. kua me"- 
 
 kua to CO ; works even in the night. kiSa ci'a 
 co-ni 111 pat? Why do you not understand so 
 much as this even ? kua keng khui cih khu ; 
 broke his bow also in drawing it. 
 
 — kua" — 
 
 7^ kua° 12 Equitable. 
 
 '•t^ 459 2 kua"-cia"; fair ; just, i raih 
 Ru kua°-cia" cJli ; he is very just in his dealings. 
 i"-keng chi'a" u kua"-tia" kai sin-su chut lai 
 thio-chii ; have already asked honorable gentle- 
 men to come and settle the matter by arbitra- 
 tion. kua°-cia" kue hut ; more equitable than 
 Buddha himself, cie^-se" si kua"-kua° cia"-cia'' 
 kai ; that is perfectly fair. 
 
 *|— !•* kua" 40 An officer of government; the 
 ^1 472 6 magistrates ; the authorities ; 
 rulers ; official ; public. 
 
 kua" hii ; kua" \vn ; officials ; magistrates, cp 
 kua" kai nang ; those in authority, kua" bue; 
 an official match-maker. oh kua" ue ; learn 
 
 the mandarin dialect. i si to cheng kua", in 
 pi si tham kua"; he is a clean handed official, 
 and it is not as if he were a covetous one. 
 kua" lo ; a government road ; a highway, ci'a 
 lam si kua" iam ; this salt is salt that has pass- 
 ed through the hands of government officers. 
 phah-kua"-si ; to enter npon a lawsuit ; to 
 carry a case before the authorities, mueh-kia" 
 kui kua"; things confiscated. ii kai kua"- 
 
 thoi ; has dignity ; is stately. ii kai kua" ie"; 
 is of dignified bearing. kua" tie"; rulers, 
 
 bun kua", bii kua"; civil and military officers, 
 tea kua", soi kua"; one filling an important 
 office, and one whose office is petty. cia" in 
 
 kua"; the magistrate who holds the seals of 
 office. c5 cap kua"; subordinate officers. 
 
 kui pin kua" ? Of what grade is he ? i kai 
 kua" che" hien ; he will soon be in office. cia 
 kua" si ; trusting to official influence. 
 
 tal kua" 130 The liver. 
 fj I 310 8 kua" hue seng; inflamraalion 
 of the liver. tng kua" chun lih ; (grieved so 
 that) the liver and intestines are splintered. 
 i sieh ju sim-kua"; dear to him as his life. i 
 kai sim-kua" in-hp ; he has a bad disposition. 
 Bim-kua"-thau liang-liang; his chest is cool. 
 cia, si kua°-ta" kai tie ; these are his real senti- 
 ments, kua" bak khak pi tho; the woody liver 
 neutralizes the earthy stomach, (therefore I 
 have no appetite). koi kua" sua"; desiccated 
 hens' livers, 
 
 •tp kua" 75 A staff; a post ; a shaft. 
 'T I 310 3 ui kua"; masts. ki kua'; 
 flag-staff. ci ki ki-kua" jieh kui"? How high 
 is this flag-staff ? 
 
 nP^^ kua" 75 A shaft ; a bar ; a beam ; a 
 TT 310 9 pole. 
 
 ci"-kua"; the shaft of an arrow. chin kua"; 
 
 the bar of a steelyard. cp ki tie" kua"; make 
 a fishing-pole. teng ki toa kua" chin ; set the 
 marks upon a large steelyard bar. 
 
 "&>^ kua" 5 Cured by drying, dried. 
 -^Ld 311 10 phak cp kua"; dry them in 
 the sun. phu-tho kua"; raisins. c6 kua"; 
 dried dates, pia" kua"; biscuits. 
 
 kua" 75 A coffin. 
 
 472 8 kua°-bak; kua"-cha; a coffin, 
 kua" kin ; a coffin and its contents. kua"-cha 
 kham, kua"-cha toi, kua"-cha chie", kua-cha 
 sin ; the lid, the bottom, the sides, and the 
 bulk of the coffin. kua"-cha than, kua-cha 
 
 biie ; the head and the foot of a coffin. mong 
 biie tieh kua"-cha than cu khau ; he began to 
 cry before he had touched the coffin, (too soon). 
 kua"-cha phue ; a pall. kua"-cha pang, kua"- 
 cha p6i"; slabs for making coffins. kua"-cha 
 i"; supports for a coffin to rest on. kua"-cha 
 
 kng ; a bier. kua"-cha chii ; a house to shel- 
 ter a coffin. kua"-cha pho ; a shop where 
 coffins are sold. kuu"-cli& phng ; an adz used 
 in making coffins. 
 
 kua" 156 To hasten ; chase ; pursue. 
 
 313 3 lia ca-ca ai" khi lai kiia" lo; 
 I shall rise very early and pursue my journey, 
 lu tiii ciii lo kp khu, ua kiia" tui h3,ng lo lai 
 khu; you follow the water course, and I will go 
 on by land. kiia" khue ce ; hurry up. lia ai" 
 kua" kau kau, cia" lai hiah ; I will press on to 
 myjourney's end and then stop, i khu jieh kli 
 ne, m cai kua" i tit tieh, a kiia" m tieh ; he has 
 been gone some time, I do not know whether 
 we can overtake him or not. kiia" kin khu cp; 
 went and did it in the utmost haste. kiia" 
 
 me-"me" hwn-lio kiia" m hii ; hurried on, but 
 still failed to reach there in time. tieh kiia" 
 sok ce cia" kiia" tit kip ; must hasten some- 
 what, and then we shall be in time. kiia" ci 
 hue ktxi lau-ciii ; take advantage of the tide, 
 ai" kiia" khu hu chi kai; will hasten on to 
 be in time for the market. tieh kiia" kau 
 
 c5m cia" u ho ciah ; must go on till we reach 
 the post station then we shall have something 
 to eat. kiia" ca, khi lai Ii su; get up early and 
 attend to business. ju kua" ah cek ie"; liko 
 
274 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 driven ducks. k&i i kua* chut khii; drove 
 
 him out. in-Ai sim-rnih su klmt i kua' tie 
 
 chut lai ? On what accouut was he expelled ? 
 
 kiia" 156 To avail of ; to improve. 
 21 5 kiia" ci kai si-hau; improve 
 tliis leisure time. ktia" ci hue kai ki-huo ; 
 
 embrace this opportunity. kiia" ci kai si cfl 
 CO tit hd ; take advantage oi this circumstance 
 to complete the thing. kiia" tieh ci h\ie u 
 
 huang lai khui ciiu ; take advantage of the 
 wind that is now blowing and start the boat, 
 kua" sng, kua" chie ; took the opportunity when 
 others were joking. 
 
 J kiia" 75 Really ; truly ; indeed ; re- 
 489 4 liable ; determined. 
 kua"-iien si cio"-se°; it is really so. lu ju-kiia" 
 ai" lai li thoa-cah lai ; if you should be coming, 
 bring it along with you. i kai nang cp su fl 
 kiia"-twn ; he acts with decision. i sIm si 
 
 kua"-ka"; he is very daring. kua".ciii lid ; 
 
 truly good, kiia" si cfa nang; indeed it is he. 
 jiak-kua" si cJe"-se" ua li lu ; suppose it should 
 be thus, I shall not do it. i cp su cng k&i i7i 
 kua"-kwt; he acts without decision, i mih su 
 cu kua°.kwt ; he has his mind made up before 
 he does things. si ai", si i7i-ai", kiia'-kiia* 
 
 kwt-kwt; whether you want it, or whether 
 you don't want it, be decided about it. 
 
 kua" 40 Solitary ; friendless ; alone; 
 
 467 11 little ; moderate, 
 slu-kua" htl-jin ; a widow. i t<5 siu-kiia"; she 
 is a widow. ka cu sin-se", si'u-kua" ta-ke ; 
 
 a school teacher has a lot like that of an old 
 widower, kiia" put tek ceng; one cannot stand 
 alone against many. ko-ji, kua°-hu; orphan 
 and widow. i khi-hil i ko-lo kua"-buu ; he 
 imposes upon him because he is solitary and of 
 little experience. 
 
 kua" 40 Wintry ; cold ; shivering. 
 163 9 thi"-si kua"-chin; the weather 
 is very cold, kha kua"-tung ; the feet chilled, 
 ca me" ii nang kua" si khu; some one was frozen 
 to death last night. cia" gueh kua" sf gu, ji 
 gueh kua" si be, sa" gueh kua" si le-ke ce ; the 
 first month was so cold it killed the cattle, the 
 second so cold it killed the horses, and the 
 third so cold it froze Miss Lake herself, pak 
 kiia"; hwt kiia"; to have ague. sie°-huang tng 
 cp kua"; the cold taken has produced ague, u 
 kua" li jiiah ; has chills and fever; is cold and 
 hot. kiia" juah sa"-kh6 ; clothing for hot and 
 cold weather, mai" khut i kua" tieh, tieh cai 
 cheng ; must put on plenty of clothing, and not 
 get chilled. 
 
 Remittent or intermittent 
 fever ; febrile complaints ; 
 
 [^ kiia" 104 
 638 9 
 ague. 
 
 ti kua" ksii pe"; has fever and ague. kiam 
 
 kua"; chills, with but little or no fever. keh 
 jit kiia"; a chill every other day. sa" jit kua"; 
 a chill once in three days. i kia'-jit tiii kiia" 
 pai ; this is his day to have a chill, u c6k khi 
 sa" jit pai kai kua"; there is one sort of fever 
 which comes on once in three days. 
 
 kSa* 64 To pull upward, to lift by 
 
 882 4 pulling. 
 cSu-huo kua" tieh i kai pi"; happily caught him 
 by his queue and dragged him upward, tiii i 
 kai pi" cQ kaa" khi lai; pulled him out by the 
 queue. mai" kua" khah lip biie, iii ^i" phia 
 
 chiu; do not take hold too near the end in 
 lifting it, lest it slip out of your hand. n6 
 
 ciah chiu sie-hu kQa"; drag it up with both 
 hands. mSng kQa" khi lai hu-toi u miia°.hA ; 
 wheu the not was hauled up there was an eel 
 in it. kQa" t5a l&k; haul it up with force. 
 
 kQa" 64 To carry with the hand at 
 
 179 10 one's side. 
 kua"-chl-na; carry a market basket. kQa" ciii- 
 thang ; carry a water-bucket. kua" ciii ; to 
 
 carry water in a bailed bucket by one's side. 
 
 kQa" 61 To carry in the womb. 
 
 243 16 kua" Q a-no" to-kp; is with 
 child. ci ciah ngio kua"-kQi'' t5-kp ; this cat 
 is pregnant. 
 
 vlll kua" 85 Sweat ; perspiration. 
 1 I 165 3 se" kiia"; to perspire. laa 
 kua"; to sweat freely, hwt kua"; produces per- 
 spiration, hwt kua" ieh; a sudoritic. pio kua"; 
 to sweat visibly. chut chin kua"; lau chin 
 
 kua"; has cold sweats. I^u kau cek sin kQa"; 
 perspired at every pore. thoih kia"; absorbs 
 sweat, cheng kai sa" to cu kua"; wear a jacket 
 to absorb the perspiration. pia" kau cek sin 
 kua"; worked so hard as to be wet with per- 
 spiration. tSu kiia"; night-sweats. cu kua"; 
 sweating, without exertion. bo kiia" cJii ; 
 
 inactive. lu mai" bp kua" b6 kua" ne ; do not 
 be lazy about it. ci kai nang cp su cin bp 
 
 kua"; this persons does things very moderately. 
 
 — kuah — 
 
 ^\\ kuah 18 To cut out ; to chisel ; to 
 ^U 430 6 carve. 
 
 kuah in ; engrave a seal. kuah cp cie-pai ; 
 
 engrave a sign board. kuah cp hue-cio ; 
 
 engrave in representation of natural scenery. 
 
PICTIONAIIY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 275 
 
 kuah CO nang-kia"; carve representations of 
 human figures. i 6i kuah lam-hut ; lie knows 
 how to carve olive pits. kuah co pe" toi kia 
 ki" kai ; carve a flat center and raised border, 
 kuah kang ; a wood-carver. 
 
 kuah 140 An edible creeper ; rela- 
 
 428 9 tives. 
 huu-kuah ; sweet potatoes. hun-kuah hiin ; 
 
 pototo flour. hun-kuah 1°; pellets made from 
 potato flour, pu hun-kuah tling ; make potato 
 Boup. lak-gueh hun-kuah sang si ; in the 
 
 sixth month the sweet potatoes ai'e extremely 
 mealy. hip sek hun-kuah ; cook potatoes in a 
 closely covered dish with little water. cii 
 
 chph hun-kaah hieh lai ciah ; boil some sweet 
 potato leaves to eat. kuah-po ; a coarse sleazy 
 cloth, kio i sim-mih kue-kuah ? Is there any 
 relationship between them ? hun-kuah tin ; 
 sweet potato vines. hun-kuah thfiu ho khut 
 tu ciah ; the parings of the potatoes may be 
 given to the pigs. hun-kuah phue mai" peh 
 cek koi"; do not scatter the potato peel all 
 around. hun-kuah nek ; the fleshy part of 
 
 the tuber. 
 
 kuah 18 To cut ; to gash ; to divide ; 
 428 10 to deduct ; to take off ; to 
 cede ; to turn a debt over to a creditor, 
 kuah tic ; cut off. kuah m iSg ; can't cut it in 
 two. kuah CO no kueh; cut it in two. sio-bak 
 kuah clieng-cho; the accounts have been settled 
 by a transfer of bills, kuah sio, kuah tit lio ; to 
 take off from one account, and transfer to 
 another till one is settled. i kuah to mong 
 
 nang ko hai° lia ngo-cap ngun ; he turned 
 over to me a portion of a certain person's debt 
 to him, and by so doing paid me fifty dollars. 
 i kuah cek tio sio ; he turned over an account 
 io me. ko nang lai kuah tiu ; hire people to 
 reap grain. nin kai tiu ho kuah a hue ? Is 
 
 your grain ready to cut ? kuah khu u sia" a 
 bo ? Did the harvest yield above the average ? 
 kuah tieh chi'u; have cut my hand, phi" chau- 
 chau, m cia" kuah tio ; one does not cut off his 
 nose for smelling a stink. khut cdi kuah tio ; 
 worn away by water, kuah-sia m khui ; could 
 not sever. cang sua" kuah kue ; use a thread 
 to cut cake. 
 
 kuah 85 Thirst ; to thirst after. 
 
 430 9 au ta soh kuah ; my throat 
 is parched. mo"* biie ci kuah ; looking at the 
 plums to quench his thirst. khau kuah ; 
 
 thirsty. to li kliun, an li kuah ; both 
 
 hungry and thirsty. koi kuah ; allays thirst. 
 01 ie° ieh 6i ci kuah ; this medicine alleviates 
 thirst. 
 
 — kuai — 
 
 [rj knai 4 Perverse ; sulky ; cunning ; 
 
 J" 470 7 crafty. 
 i kai nang kuai-kha cJli ; he is very wily, soi- 
 soi cu kuai-knai kha-kha; though very young 
 he is very artful. ci kai a-no''-kia" khah 
 
 kuai-ciang ; this child is too intractable. ua 
 th6i"-tieh khah kuai ; he appears to me to be 
 too cross grained. i pi pat nang leng-ua" 
 
 kuai ; he is more difficult to get along with 
 than other people. sim si kuai-khio ; is very 
 cunning. 
 
 kuai 195 A species of sunfish, of 
 W}JU 482 11 which it is said that " it 
 can inflate its belly and float ; it has no gills 
 or gall-bladder, and when it hits against any- 
 thing it makes a noise." 
 kuai hu; the sunfish. kuaipo; dried sunfish. 
 
 m 
 
 kiiai 75 A staff for old men. 
 470 5 kuai-ciang ; a cane. phah 
 sang kiiai ; go on crutches. ku kiiai-ciang ; 
 
 leans on a crutch. kuai-thui ; a staff. chut 
 jip tieh ku kiiai-thui ; wherever she goes has 
 to lean on a staff. 
 
 kiiai 157 Halt, lame, crippled. 
 703 6 kiiai-kha; lame of leg. kuai- 
 kha kiiai chiu; crippled in both feet and hands, 
 kia" khu kiiai-a-kuai ; walks very lamely; limps 
 as he goes. kiiai-kha hue, che°-me° hiie ; the 
 halt and the blind. 
 
 kuai C4 To deceive ; to swindle ; to 
 470 5 decoy; to entrap, 
 kuai-phien nang ; to swindle people. kiiai-to 
 nang kai cu-nie ; seduce other men's wives, 
 a-no^-kia" khufc i kiiai-phien khu boi ; children 
 were decoyed away and sold by him. kang 
 
 kuai tftu to kai cue-huara ; the crime of kidnap- 
 ping, kiiai boi tu-kia"; entrap and sell coolies. 
 
 >|»5^ kiiai 61 To blame ; to find fault with ; 
 [ •- 470 5 to deem strange ; strange ; 
 marvellous ; portentous ; supernatural, 
 kiiai-i ka,i su; a very surprising thing. sira si 
 khi-kiiai ; it is exceedingly queer. i kai nang 
 ie° se" lai khi-khi kuai-kuai ; he has a very 
 wierd appearance, kiiai mueh ; an apparition ; 
 a monster. io-cia", kiii-kiiai ; elves and 
 
 spooks. kii ni cu seng co cia°-kuai ; after a 
 
 lapse of many years, becomes a goblin. i cp. 
 ni tin-to lai kiiai lu ? Why does he turn about 
 and blame you ? lu mai° kiiai ; do not deem 
 it surprising. lia bo kiiai lu ; I do not find 
 
 fault with you therefor. i kiiai i bo pat su, 
 
276 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 kiiai kie si i rn thia* i k^i ue ; she does not 
 find fault with him for anything else, but 
 blames liira simply for not heeding what she 
 says. kiiai put tit i m hku°; it is not sur- 
 
 prising that he is unwilling. kuai tSng k&i 
 
 BU ; it passes belief ; it is incredibly strange. 
 b6 kuai i cio"-se° c6 ; I do not blame him for 
 doing 80. mok kiiai i cie'-se"; it is no fault 
 of his that ho is thus. 
 
 9 
 
 13 
 
 One who acts as broker ; to 
 keep up or settle the price 
 
 A^ kuai 
 IB 485 
 
 of goods. 
 
 chi kiiai ; one who studies the markets, and 
 acts as agent in sales ; a bull or a bear in the 
 stock market. ci pang chi-kiiai hiie, sim pi 
 
 nftng to m t&ng ; these stock brokers have not 
 liearts like other people. 
 
 2^^3 kuai 120 To paint ; to draw ; to limn. 
 Wb 2G5 18 kiiai cck pak sie"; paint a por- 
 trait, kiiai tl-t6; draw a map. kiiai t6; to draw 
 a plan, kiiai tie" sua" t6 ; sketch a landscape. 
 
 — kiiai" — 
 
 kiiai" 112 The ore of metals ; a bed 
 
 463 16 or vein of ore. 
 thill kuai", in kiiai", ngAu kiiai"; iron, lead and 
 silver ore. liu kiiai" kai n&ng ; miners, miii" 
 jit eng hoh coi nftng 1(5 khui kiiai"; they daily 
 employ a great many men in digging out the 
 ore. hfa kiiai" Kii khang, khang u sim-mih 
 
 sia" cang ? When that ore is smelted, what 
 pi'oportion of pure metal is there in it ? 
 
 kiiai" 75 Fruit. 
 
 489 4 che"-kuai"; fresh fruit. Q 
 phin kiiai"; has freshly gathered fruit, che'- 
 kuai" rTi-h(5 to ciah ; one must not eat freely of 
 unripe fruit, che°-kuai° si ; pickled mashed 
 olives. peh kiiai"; all sorts of fruits. 
 
 — kuak — 
 
 ^1^ kuak 163 The second wall, enclosing 
 '^l-* 492 8 the gate of a large city, 
 sia" kuak ; the outer defenses of the city gates, 
 hi" kai lun-kuak ngia; the rim of the ear is 
 well shaped. 
 
 •T rt kuak 75 The outer coffin ; the case 
 T"^ 492 8 which encloses the coffin, 
 ii kna" bo kuak ; has a coffin but no case. ISi 
 kua", gua kuak ; the inner and outer coffins. 
 
 kuak 80 To gulp down ; to swallow. 
 
 1090 6 khieh khi lai li-li kuak loh 
 khu ; took it up and gulped it down without 
 pause. au ta cfii, khu kuak no chui chin ciii ; 
 was very thirsty, and went and drank two swal- 
 lows of cold water, kuak m loh; can'tswallow it. 
 
 — knang — 
 
 ~ \l | ^ kuang 10 Honor ; glory ; eclat ; lus- 
 ylU 478 4 ter ; light; bare; smooth, 
 u kuang-chai ; has great brilliancy. jit kai 
 
 kuang 6i sia m&k ; the brilliancy of the sun 
 dazzles the eyes. i me"-kiia oi huu-kuang ; it 
 corruscates in the night. ti-hng kuang-ke'ng 
 lid cfii ; the outlook from the place is very fine, 
 ngan coi" kai kuang-keng cfii-se" ? What are 
 the immediate prospects ? ciara lu kai kuang ; 
 get the benefit of your light. Q thang ho 
 
 khut nA.ng ciam kuang eg cia" h<$ ; it is well if 
 you have anything wherewith to benefit others, 
 khut i ciah kau ceng kuang, ro&u" kuang ; all 
 eaten up clean by him. i hI Ifiu kuang-kim ; 
 he is a swindler, i si cang c6k tfing phue, tie" 
 t<5 c6 kuang-kiin png; he makes use of a layer 
 of fur, in order to ap]>ear to be something 
 which he is not. kuang-mfing cia'-tSi ; open 
 and above board, kuang-im sfi ci", jit gfieh jik 
 so; time flies like an arrow, and the days and 
 months like shuttles. khut lia cia knang eg ; 
 grant the luster of your presence at my table, 
 kuang c6, lo cong; renders his ancestors illust- 
 rious and his clan glorious. Song-kuang ; 
 honor, glory. 
 
 M 
 
 kuang 149 To befool ; to mislead ; to 
 
 lu inai kuang lia; do not deceive me. i si ai" 
 kuang lu khu boi, lii lu hd thia" i ; he wants 
 to delude you into going off where he can sell 
 you, do not you listen to him. lu mai" khut 
 n&ng kuang khu ; do not let people mislead 
 you by delusive promises. i kS.i uo to si 
 
 kuang-kuang phien; his talk is all very mislead- 
 I ing. cia si to kuang a-no"-kia" hiie kiu ; this 
 is to fool children with, i id kuang iii hio hiie 
 k&i ; he deceives the ignorant. i b6 kuang 
 
 nftng kai ci**, bo kuang nang kai nguu: lu ai" li 
 sin i, m li hiah ; he does not fool people out of 
 their money : trust hira if you choose to, if not 
 let it alone. i si to kuang-lau nang ; he is 
 
 swindling people. lia si kuang lu k&i ; I was 
 hoaxing you. 
 
 kiiang 53 Extensive; wide; broad; 
 
 , 478 12 enlarged. 
 
 kiiang kia" si ci ; distribute alms widely, i I'o 
 kiiang kau ; he has a more extensive acquaint- 
 ance, lai khu kiiang kien-sek ce ; let us 
 enlarge our sphere of observation, lu I'o kiiang 
 kion; you have had a wider experience, li'ang 
 kiiang cong-tok ; viceroy over the two Pro- 
 vinces of Canton and Kwangsi. 
 
DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 277 
 
 ^B kuang 85 To Bport out ; to gush 
 /@ r>82 9 tlirough. 
 cui li-li kuang chut lui ; the water keeps ppnrt- 
 iug through. kuang tui khaiig chut lfi.i kai ; 
 what spurts out through the aperture. in to 
 hii-ko kuang chut lai ; the steam gushes out 
 there! toi kuang; the dike has sprung aleak, 
 hueh li-li kuang chut lai ; the hlood gushed 
 forth continuall}'. 
 
 — kue — • 
 
 |tT kue 97 A generic term for ciacurbi- 
 /■W^ 466 taceous plants, such as the 
 cucumbei*, melon and squash, 
 tio kue ; cucumbers. si kue ; water-melons, 
 tang kue ; squashes. bak kue ; the papaya, 
 hun kue ; a small yellow squash. kho kue; 
 the bitter gourd. se" lai tang-kue-min tang- 
 kue-min ne ; has a long oval face, kim kue ; a 
 gilded wooden bludgeon, with a head like a 
 melon. kua sang bak-kue-liam kai hi"-kau ; 
 wore a pair of ear-rings, with conical drops and 
 long hooks. khoi-kue ci ; sweet melon seeds, 
 tang-kue jin ; squash seeds. tang-kue cheh ; 
 preserved squash. lu kio i u sim-mih kue- 
 
 kuah pWhat is your relationship to him ? he 
 kue ; a small hairy cucumber. tek-kue ho co 
 cie°-kue ; young cucumbers are made into 
 pickles. 
 
 u 
 
 kue 119 Steamed cakes, made from 
 
 490 ^ rice flour, 
 ci kai coih nin ceng fi jieh coi kiie ? How many 
 cakes did you make for this festival ? lin cp no 
 sa" tau bi kiie ; we made two or three pecks of 
 rice into cakes. hia" kiie ; heat up the cakes, 
 in kiie ; mould the cakes. chue tiam kue ; to 
 steam sweet cakes, nak kiie tieh nuk cau-cau; 
 in mixing the cakes with the hands, you must 
 mix them thoroughly. io" khi leng-s-iig cu si 
 kue ; lift up the steamer and there is the cake, 
 op choh kiie-cap lai tiam-sim ; make some 
 porridge from a piece of cake, to lunch npon. 
 cek sng kue ; one whole steamed cake ; one 
 steamerful of the cake. nang lai he cek kie 
 
 kiie, ho khu coih cp cek hue cek hue lio lai 
 luah ; some one has brought and presented us 
 an oblong section of cake, cut it into slices 
 transversely and fry them brown. kiie a"; 
 
 the stuffing in a steamed cake. ka" kue thp ; 
 round raised cakes. 
 
 kiie 184 Cakes made from wbeaten 
 490 8 flour ; biscuits, 
 te kiie ; tea biscuits, thug kiie ; sweet cakes. 
 
 kiie 75 The fruit of trees ; seeds with 
 489 T a covering and pulp; results; 
 effects. 
 
 i hng lai peh le" kiie-ci to u ; there was every 
 sort of fruit tree in the garden. kiie-cf tng 
 
 sek kai si-hau ; when the fruit is ripe. a,u-l§,i 
 kui-seng cia" kiie ; afterward the fruit comes 
 to perfection. che" kue ; fresh fruit. che" 
 kiie pho ; a fruit shop. ci ie" chin 6i kit kiie- 
 ci a boi ? Does this sort of tree bear fruit ? 
 kiie-cf kit m sSng ; the fruit does not come to 
 perfection. S,u-lai sim-mih kak-kue ; what 
 
 will be the consequences hereafter ? se° kiie- 
 ci ; bear fruit. cek hu ngo kiie tih ; a set of 
 fruit dishes, kin nl kak chii kui kiie-ci se° lai 
 kau ; fruit is plenty everywhere this year, 
 i sim siang-sxn in kue kai su ; she is one who 
 believes very firmly in the doctrine that con- 
 duct in a previous life produces results in this. 
 
 _ kiie 140 To bolster up ; to use as a 
 . ,»Q 973 14 cushion, 
 khieh kp mueh lui kiie ; get something and put 
 under it to raise it. bp kp tien lai kue, cp 
 
 tieh ngan-ngan ; have no cushion to put under 
 me, and it is very cold to sit upon. pun e- 
 
 jit kia"-sun-hue hd kue kha chiu ; for his 
 descendants to avail themselves of hereafter as 
 a help to attain a higher position. cang nng- 
 nng kai mueh lai kiie ; get something very soft 
 and put under it. 
 
 ^P\ kue 162 To pass by ; to go beyond or 
 lH^^- 490 9 up to ; to exceed ; to over- 
 pass ; to spend, as time ; to transgress ; to vio- 
 late propriety ; an error, a fault ; a sign of 
 past time, or of the perfect tense ; an adverb 
 of comparison ; then, more ; too, rather, exces- 
 sive ; to approach ; to send to. 
 kh^g-koi i tieh cai koi khe ; exhort him to re- 
 form, i i"-keng kiie si lio ; he has already de- 
 parted this life, tang tiang-si kite sin ? When 
 did he die ? i kiie-kliu kii h'o; he passed away 
 long since, i kiie khu a hue? Has he passed by 
 yet ? ii tiii ci-kp kiie a bp ? Did they pass by 
 here ? mih nang to tui ci-kp keng kue ; every 
 body goes by here. lia kia° tiii nin pho kha 
 
 kiie ; I walked past your shop, hu kp eng kiie 
 kie a min ? Need we cross a bridge there ? 
 tieh kiie cek teng kie, kah no teng to, lio piia" 
 kue sua" cii to kp ; you must cross one bridge 
 and two ferries, then traverse the mountain 
 and you will be there, put kiie ; nothing more 
 than. put kiie no sa" kai 1ia''-tia''; only two 
 or three. i thia" tieh kiie m khii ; he could 
 
 not endure hearing it. kiie-sit ; a peccadillo ; 
 a fault, cek kia° toa kue-sit; a great blunder. 
 
278 
 
 DICTIONABT OP TflE 8WAT0W DIAtECT. 
 
 c^k ta toa kue sua"; a heap bigger tlian a 
 mountain. kai kbang cliirn kiie hai ; a hole 
 
 deeper than the sea. se" 13,i ngfa kiie kiii ; is 
 handsomer than an irap. i kai 6i kue kiii ; 
 
 his abilities are surpassing. cie"-se° khah kue 
 eie, hie"-se° khah kue coi ; this is too little, 
 and that is over much, i 6i cai kue-khu, bQe- 
 l&i kai su; he can discover what has passed and 
 what has not yet happened, kiie bun ; oflScious; 
 to exceed one's functions, lii iIi lid kue hun; do 
 not meddle in what does not pertain to your 
 office. ueb kiie bun ; set a mark beyond the 
 crease, ia b6 khut niing ueb kiie, ia bo (ieh kue 
 iiang kai ; neither give nor take more than is 
 due. hu-ko via pat kbu kue lai; I have been 
 there, ua pat thoi" kiie ku-a chu; I have seen 
 it several times, cia cu lia ihSik kue kai ; this 
 book is one that I have read. thia" kiie m jii 
 thoi" kiio, thoi" kue m ju co kue ; to have 
 beard about a thing is not so good as to have 
 seen it, and to have seen it is not so good as 
 to have made it. i li thai kue, i li khah put 
 kip ; the one is excessive, and the other is im- 
 practicable, ci kui kio° kue hii kai ; this is 
 superior to that, ua cung tau kue i toa r.ang ; 
 I have informed his superior. ci kfii toa kiie 
 hd kai ; this is larger tiian that. kui" kiie i ; 
 taller than he. i sieh lu coi kite lu sich i ; he | 
 loves you more than you love him. to kiie ciii \ 
 b6 bun ; a knife drawn across water leaves no 
 mark. i si cau kiie si liang kai nang ; he is 
 one who has been everywhere. ai" lau i na ci 
 ko kue me", i m ; wanted him to stay here all 
 night but he would not. kiie ke no jit cu si 
 kiie ni ; after two days more, we pass from one 
 year to the next. miig i iii" tng kbu chii kiie 
 coih me ; ask him if be is going home to spend 
 the holidays. Q kiie ; is at fault. bo kiie ; 
 has not erred, ci'a si i kai cue-kiie ; this is his 
 fault. bo cue bo kiie ; blameless. lia si cbi 
 kue kS,i ; I have tried it. lang kiie i cie"-se"; 
 it is difficult to get over his acting thus, ex 
 kia" su kiie i c3.i ; this far surpasses my expec- 
 tations. i°-keng kiie khi lio ; passing strange. 
 Bia" kiie ku ; infallible as fate. 
 
 ^kH kiie 86 To extinguish ; to quench. 
 ^ll> 804 10 \m kiie hue ; put out the fire 
 by raking the ashes over it. pun kiie teng ; 
 blow out the lamp. cek pun huang chue kixe 
 kbu ; the candle has been blown out by the 
 wind. ci ki ciia-ang-teng, toa ki, cong pun 
 
 huang chue kiie, bwn-lio but oi toh ; this paper 
 torch is a large one, and although it should 
 be blown out by the wind, it may still be set 
 blazing by blowing it. lu m bo tia" kiie teng; 
 do not put out the lamp by touching it. 
 
 hue-pe b(5 phah kiie ; put out the torch by 
 knocking it. km hiie k\u kau ta" cia" kiie ; 
 
 they have been striving to extinguish the fire, 
 and have only just now succeeded, kiu kbu 
 kie a biie ? Have they yet got the fire extin- 
 guished ? cang cui lam kiie ; dash on water 
 to quench the fire. 
 
 kiie 190 A false coiffure, made of 
 338 7 cloth and metal, worn by 
 women of middle age. 
 
 phah cek kai kim kiie ; make a gilded coiffure, 
 i ti cSk kfii ngua kiie liu kim tak-tak-chiah; she 
 wears a silver coiffure, washed with gold till 
 it gleams, i kai kiie pak lio, kbng loh kiie up; 
 having taken off her coiffure she put it in its 
 box. th&u-m6"sia hd ti kiii kiie 16h khu ; hav- 
 ing combed her hair, she put on her head-dress. 
 
 >^i kiie 162 To make a circuit; to go 
 ^Jl® 689 9 around ; the whole, 
 ua i".keng thak cek kiie; I have already read 
 it through once. kia" kiie sa" b\ kiie ; have 
 
 been over the whole ground three or four 
 times. thak bo kiii kiie cQ pat ; by reading it 
 through only a few times he knows it. 
 
 ktle 140 Large leaved plants. 
 487 "9" kQe-hieh; palm leaves, 
 palm leaf fans. 
 
 kue- 
 
 kAe 120 To be in the way; to be an im- 
 652 6 pediment ; to stumble upon, 
 kha kue tieh cu puab loh kbu; if one stumbles 
 against it, he will fall down. mai" pang ko 
 
 kue kha, kue chiu ; do not leave it there to be 
 in the way. khut i kue-cu to.k6 ; has been 
 
 stopped by stumbling upon it. kue loh kliu, 
 td kau li-li ; stumbled and fell flat, khut to-lf 
 kue kin, boi tit khu ; cannot go because the 
 rules of etiquette stand in the way. mai" kue 
 tieh 16 ; don't block up the way. 
 
 — kue" — 
 
 kue" 169 To close a door ; to shut. 
 
 472 11 kue" mng ; shut the door, 
 khu kau, i kM mng kue" mi"-mi"; when I got 
 there his door was tightly closed. nang kue" 
 hd ; the house is closed for the night. 
 
 — kneh — 
 
 kueh 18 To abrade ; to scrape. 
 
 469 6 kueh tio mo"; scrape off the 
 
 fuzz. kueh tio pbue ; scraped off the rind. 
 
 kueh lio, cek teng cek teng chut lai ; scrape it, 
 
 and then take it off layer by layer, kueh tio i 
 
 ^1] 
 
blCTlONARt OF TUB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 279 
 
 kki moll ; scrape off the thin skin, cek tSiig o 
 khi'u tieh kueh tio ; you milst scrape off the 
 layer of scurf. ci cek ueh kueh tio, leng-ua" 
 chia"; erase this stroke by scraping, and then 
 write it in correctly, kueh phua kliu ; scraped 
 so hard as to make a hole through it. kueh 
 tio tek che°; scrape off the green surface of the 
 bamboo, kueh poh-poh ; scrape it down thin. 
 kueh khu m kng ; it is not scraped bare. 
 
 Jt\^ kueh 24 A half ; a large part of. 
 " I " 651 3 tok CO no kueh ; chop it in 
 two pieces. chun cek kueh to ko; have half 
 of it left. kia" cek kueh lo ; went half way. 
 
 cek toa kueh ; the greater part of. pun i cek 
 toa kueh ; gave him the larger part. 
 
 — kuh — 
 
 kuh 30 To draw into the mouth, as 
 ,^^ 203 T smoke. 
 kuh hun, kuh in ; inhale smoke or vapor, kuh 
 cek chili ciii ; draw in a mouthful of water, 
 ki hun-tang lu kuh thoi" 6i thong a boi ; you 
 draw upon the tobacco pipe and see whether 
 the stem is stopped up or uot. ua kuh tieh 
 
 boi thong; I tried to draw the air through it 
 and found T could not. ci kai nang phi-nua 
 cSi, coug jit to si ut to kp kuh hun ; this per- 
 son is very indolent, he lies down and smokes 
 all day loug. 
 
 — kui — 
 
 kui 147 To rule by law ; to line out ; 
 __ 482 4 to regulate ; a regulation ; 
 a by-law ; custom ; usage ; a fee ; a rate for 
 taking a farm. 
 
 eng sim-mih kui-kii ? What is the usage ? rji 
 pat kui-ku ; does not understand the rules of 
 etiquette, ci ka,i nang kui-ku cai ; this person 
 is very well bred, co mih su to si kui-kui ku- 
 ku ; he does everything in a very proper way. 
 liii ci-ko ii ci kai kui-li ; we have this usage 
 here. i kai hie° kui si cie^-se"; such are their 
 village customs, siu gueh kui ; siu mui° gueh 
 kai kui-ku ci"; receive the customary monthly 
 stipend. cia si tia° kui kai ; this is the fixed 
 i-ate. pheiig-iu hue cang cheng-li kui-cia° i ; 
 friends admonished him, setting forth correct 
 principles of action. cia sng si 15 kui ; these 
 are illegal fees. 
 
 J^^ kui 72 A dial ; to use a dial. 
 ^r'T 484 8 jit kui ; a sun-dial. khieh 
 kai jit-kui lai kui thoi" si sim-mih si-hau ; take 
 a sun-dial and thereby find out what time of 
 day it is. 
 
 kui 77 To return 5 to go or send 
 480 14 back; to revert to the origin- 
 al place or state; to betake one's self to, as for 
 help or shelter ; to end ; to terminate; a refuge; 
 to divide by one figure. 
 
 hieh loh kui kun ; the leaves fall back to the 
 roots. i hua" nang Ifii kui lulng; they have 
 all returned to their allegiance. cia rii hd kai 
 kiu pang i ko ; you must not lay the blame 
 upon him. i-ku kui hai" i ; he gave back to 
 him what he got at first, miieh-kia'' kui kua"; 
 the things are confiscated. kui tng khu png 
 kok ; return to one's own country, kak n&ng 
 kak nang kui ke ; each has gone to his own 
 house, nang si cu tieh rae"-me" kui tho; when 
 men die they must quickly return to dust. i 
 kai chang kui i kai hia"-ti ; his land reverts to 
 his brothers, i pat kui tu kai huap; he knows 
 the rules of arithmetic. nang kai sim long- 
 cong kui i ; the hearts of all turn toward him. 
 much kui ngvvn cii ; the article reverts to tho 
 original owner. eng co poih kui kau tu, a si 
 eng CO poih kau seng ? Will you do it by divi- 
 sion or by multiplication ? §.u-lai co-ni kui 
 kak ? What will be the upshot of the affair ? 
 tang-kui ; spikenard. kui kun ; eventually ; 
 in the end. khi m kui ngwn ; could not 
 catch his breath. ci''-bo kui sin ; the capital 
 returns to him. 
 
 H^ kui 130 The crop of a fowl. 
 /JZLI 63 6 koi kui ; a hen's crop. kui 
 pa-pa ; its crop is full. thoi" ci ciah koi ii 
 
 kwn kui kai a bo ; see whether this fowl has 
 had its crop stuffed with sand to make it 
 weigh heavier. koi-kui khu pun thit-tho : 
 
 blow up a fowl's crop to make a toy of. kui 
 io-io, hue ceng ciah kai ie"; its crop is flabby 
 as if it had not eaten. 
 
 x^^ kui 75 A loom; a machine with cora- 
 1)% 333 12 plicated parts. ^ 
 cit p6 kai kui ; a loom. hu-ko pang cek tie" 
 
 p6-kuitpko; a loom had been placed there. 
 i to kui teng ke° p6 ; she was at the loom, 
 weaving. thi° sa" kui ; a sewing machine. 
 
 ^^ kui 169 The door which separates 
 I^J 481 6 the public rooms of a house 
 from the private ones; the women's apartments; 
 unmarried girls ; feminine, 
 kui nng ; a young lady, kui pang; the private 
 apartments. m pat tab chut kui mng ; has 
 never stepped beyond the door of the ladies' 
 apartments. chim kui-tie" irii ; within a 
 
 lady's chamber. 
 
280 
 
 DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 116 To peep tlirongh a crack 
 11 hole ; to spy ; (o look i\ 
 
 iiruugu a, uioua. Or 
 
 to spy ; (o look fur- 
 
 kni 
 
 ,,^ 487 „ 
 
 tively at. 
 
 kui-iliam ; to pry ; to go about looking into. 
 
 kui-si ; to peer at. 
 
 An interrogation implying 
 quantity; how much ; little ; 
 
 kni 52 
 
 333 9 
 nearly ; several . 
 ni'n kui ns'ing ( p.pu kliu cii h6 ; go all of you 
 together, khu kau h^-ko kiii H lo ; it is a few 
 miles travel. kiii jit ia.i cek hfte ; come-s once 
 in every few days. keh kiii ni m cfing Ifti ; 
 
 has not come for several years past. lu kiii 
 
 hue ? How old are you ? ci kfti a-no"-kia° i 
 
 kiii kai giieh ? How many months old is this 
 child ? lu khu kiii tng ? How many times 
 
 did you go ? i ke kiii si ai" lui; he is coming 
 after a while. ci khi u kiii le"? How many 
 
 varieties are there in this species ? hun c6 
 
 kiii tcng; divided into several species. kiii 
 kii lie ; a few phrases. chiln Q kiii kp ; have 
 a few pieces left, hi t6ng tieh kiii kun ? How 
 many catties were there when you weighed it? 
 ka,i mng b6 kiii i\ie tSng; one is but a few 
 ounces in weight, hi ^i" kui chim Ing? How 
 many inches long do you want it ? i ai' hiah 
 ke kiii me"; he is going to stay a few nights 
 longer. lai u kiii ui nfmg-kheh ; several 
 
 guests have arrived, i hii lai kiii kai lia", kiii 
 sang tu, i to cai; he has a minute acquaintance 
 witli tiieir domestic arrangements. 
 
 Mj 
 
 kiii 194 The spirit of a dead man 
 482 before it is enshrined in the 
 hall ; the manes ; that which the soul turns to 
 at death ; a ghost, a goblin, an apparition, a 
 specter, a devil, a horrid repulsive object, a 
 sordid wretch. 
 
 i si th6i°-ki" kiii a ; he sees a ghost. si'o kiii ; 
 a crazy man. kliut kiii mi" tieh ; possessed by 
 a devil, thia^-ki" kiii to kliau ; heard demons 
 •wailing. kiii sin kai su lung cai ; the affairs 
 of demons and angels are not to be known. i 
 si to ta" kiii ue ; he is whispering false words, 
 wn kiii khi" cek toa tu ; an unavenged spirit 
 raises a great troop who come to take vengeance, 
 ham i mai" kiii than kiii nau; tell him not to 
 go about sticking his head in here and there, 
 kiii te" tieh ; a demon has grappled him. kiii 
 liah iieh 5 an imp has seized him. kiii hue ; a 
 •will-o-the-wisp. si un kui a si vVn kiii ? Is it a 
 satisfied or a dissatisfied spirit ? bo hd ke sin 
 thau gua kiii ; a bad family god gives infor- 
 mation to outside demons. mo"-kui ; demons, 
 to kiang kiii ; an echo, to kiang kiii tiii nang 
 ta"; the echo responds. 
 
 *£^^ kiii 75 A contrivance ; the moving 
 ^}% 333 12 power. 
 
 leh kui ; the motive power, as in a machine. 
 i k&i mftg Q kai ieh kui ; his door has a spring- 
 lock, leh kdi ce tin-t5ng cQ li-kwn kia"; as 
 goon as the spring is in motion it moves on. 
 tie" k&i ieh-kiii ; invented a machine. 
 
 kiii 149 Deceitful ; to cheat. 
 
 483 ~6~ kang-kiii ; crafty; fraudulent; 
 cunning. i mih su to si kang-kang kiii-kiii, 
 chwn b6 cin-sit; he is very tricky about every- 
 thing, and wholly untruthful. 
 
 \if^ kiii 40 Schemers ; villains. 
 
 y W 483 T is! td co sua" tho kiii ; he ia 
 
 a despoiler of graves. 
 
 kui 75 The tree which produces cin- 
 
 484 ~6 namon and cassia, and similar 
 trees. 
 
 nfik-kiii phiie ; cinnamon bark. n6k-kui iu ; 
 
 cinnamon oil. kui hue ; the Olea fragrans. 
 
 kiii 106 The last of the ten stems, 
 483 ~4~ which belongs to the north 
 
 and to water. jim kiii si sok cui ; the ninth 
 
 and tenth stems belong to water. 
 
 kiii 89 The close of a peiiod or season. 
 
 339 6 kui chun si sa" gueh ; tbe 
 third month is the end of spring, kiii he ; the 
 last month of summer. 
 
 >^K* kni 154 Honorable, noble, exalted, 
 ^^^ 484 5 illustrious, dignified, good, 
 and hence in a direct address used as an ap- 
 pellative, you, your; dear, high priced, pre- 
 cious, valuable ; honor ; to give dignity to ; to 
 esteem, to value. 
 
 pii kiii ; rich and honored. kui cua"; noble 
 and base ; patricians and plebeians ; yours and 
 mine. cnn-kiii kai nang ; honored men. kui 
 hii tl-ko ? Where is your mansion ? cun ke kui 
 se"? What is your surname, honored Sir ? kui 
 ngo ; your family residence. nan kiii se'° u ci 
 cek ie° much a bo ? Is this sort of article found 
 in your native province ? to ni'n kiii kok lai 
 kau lin ci-ko jieh hng ? How far is it from your 
 country here ? kui kui" si sok ti cek hii ? To 
 which department does your district belong? 
 cia si kui-tong kai mueh-kia"; these are rare 
 articles. nang kha m si kui-tong kiie mueh ? 
 Are not human beings to be held in higher 
 esteem than are things ? k.^u ci-kp Q sim-mih 
 kiii kang ? What business had you in coming 
 here ? i kai siang-mau" si kiii siang ; he has 
 a physiognomy which promises future honor 
 
DtCTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 281 
 
 for Liro. ci Ie° mueh sim kui ; this article is 
 very dear. ci'a I'o phi", hia I'o kui ; this is 
 cheaper, that is dearer, cie" jit khut ua boi lai 
 khah kui ; I paid too high a price for it the 
 other day. sin-se" ta" cia huang-cui mong 
 Bi 6i chut kui ; the interpreter of the results 
 of geomaiitic influences, says that these will 
 at a certain time produce family agrandize- 
 ment. kui thdi si cp-ni m thio-hua ? What is 
 the ailraent which your Excellency has ? b(5 
 i" cu kui ; the mother is ennobled through her 
 son. sang se" kui cu ; twin sons, kiii khi kai 
 nang ; a person of rare excellence. ci cek ui 
 si ni'n kai kui chin ; this is a relative of yours. 
 ci ie° mueh u jieh kui ? What is the value of this 
 article ? kui boi li kiii boi ; what is bought 
 for a high price must sell for a high price. 
 
 Jh(L kui 9 Able to bear; to allow to be 
 I jI 289 4 done ; to undergo, 
 kui i kliu ; let it go ; never mind ; let it pass, 
 kui hiia" n&ng kliu ji'ang, i tng-kue thia" rli kit"; 
 underwent the hooting of the whole crowd, and 
 acted as though he did not hear it at all. i 
 
 ka-ki cai m tieh, kui i liiam ; he himself knew 
 that he was in the wrong, and submitted to 
 her reproof. kui i me", m ka" in ; took the 
 
 scolding and said nothing, to-ni rli tok-ceh i, 
 kui i khu 15ng-lang n6 ? Why do you not 
 reprimand him, instead of allowing him to be 
 so heedless ? 
 
 kiii 157 To kneel ; to bow down in 
 
 484 6 reverence. 
 kui loll khu ; to kneel down. pai kui kai loi- 
 Bio, nin kiii kok u ci kai loi a bo ? In the 
 honorable kingdom to which you belong, is the 
 ceremony of kneeling in obeisance practiced ? 
 lin kp bp pai kui kai loi-sio ; we do not practice 
 this form of obeisance. liah i Ip kui thih-.'p ; 
 made him kneel on chains (a form of punish- 
 ment), i kai kha tieh kui Iph khu cxa" ho cp; 
 he must kneel and then he can do it. ceng 
 -Bang Iph khu kiii-sang ; all made their parting 
 obeisance. cia si eng cck kui sa° khau-thau 
 kai loi, hia si eng no kiii lak khau-thau kai 
 loi ; for this the ceremony of once kneeling and 
 three times touching the ground wuth the 
 forehead is used ; for that the ceremony of 
 kneeling twice, and touching the forehead to 
 the ground six times is customary. ta-chiam 
 si kiii cek ciah kha ; to half kneel is to kneel 
 on one knee, i kai bo lai kau pai-pai kui-kiii, 
 li-kwn khiu nang ; his wife came and kept 
 kneeling down and vehemently pleading, kiii 
 Iph khu cu peh m cau-khi; having knelt down 
 could not rise. i i"-keng kheug khu kiii-hue 
 
 i, i c6-ni hwn-li'o m h^u" hiah ; he has already 
 been and acknowledged his sin and besought 
 forgiveness, so why is he yet unwilling to 
 forbear. ki"-tieh, kui kau tak-tak ; when he 
 saw him, he knelt down so that his legs from 
 the knee downward rested on the ground. 
 
 y-ffl» kui 85 A rout ; a defeat ; dispersed. 
 1^^ 265 12 kui-pai ; defeated, kui-sua"; 
 completely routed. kui-lvvn ; put to flight. 
 
 kui 157 To stumble, to slip. 
 
 446 12 phah-cek-kiSi ; to miss one's 
 footing, to stumble and nearly fall. cau li'o 
 
 phah-cek-kui Iph khu ; ran and tumbled down. 
 
 — kiii" — 
 
 kill" 61 Accustomed; used to; inured to. 
 
 476 11 eng tieh m kui"-si"; he is not 
 accustomed to the use of it. iang-p li'o lo 
 
 kui"-si"; accustomed to indulgence. i tang 
 
 soi" ciah kui"; he was accustomed to eating it 
 before, cheng kui"; used to wearing it. ci-kp 
 khia-khi kui" lio, pat kp iii khia-khi m kiii"; 
 have lived here till I am habituated to the 
 place and fear I should not feel at home else- 
 where, ta" i CO khu ne kui°-kui" ne ; he has 
 now practised it till he is very familiar with 
 the way of doing it. 
 
 1^ kui" 189 High ; tall. 
 I HI 324 i kai ci-khi kui"; his aspira- 
 tions are high. ta" cu cie" kui" toa lio ! How 
 much he has grown ! i sui si cie" kui" cie" toa 
 hv\n-lio si a-no"-kia" khi; although he is so 
 large, he is still a child in his ways. cie°-si 
 
 kai ke kui"; the present price is high. ci ie" 
 kai ke lo kAi"; this sort is of still higher price, 
 u i'o kui" kai a bo ? Have you any taller ones ? 
 bp, cii si ci ho siang kui" li'o ; this sort is the 
 tallest we have. nin no nang phit thoi" ti- 
 
 tiang kui"; you two stand up here and see 
 which is the taller, ii kai kui", u kai 6i ; some 
 are tall and some are short. cek ing kui", 
 
 kau chieh bp eng ; for reaching to a height of 
 ten feet, a nine foot pole is useless, i kai n§.ng 
 kui"-tio kiii"-tio ; he is tall and slender. Id 
 
 kai chi'u khieh-khi k^i"; lift your arm high, 
 the" kui" ce ; prop it up higher. i i'o kui° 
 
 mia"; his name stands higher on the list. i 
 
 kai sin-hang bp hie" kui", ngo-tiin ngo-tun ne; 
 he is not very tall, but is sturdy and well built, 
 ci kai u jieh kui" ? How tall is this ? ai" cp 
 kui Ing kui" ? How many tens of feet high are 
 you going to make it ? i nang kui" toa ; he is 
 a large man. kan si ngo chun kui"; it is four 
 or five inches high, i 6i cheng kui" kiah-thp ; 
 she wears high heels. cia ia-si ti" sang kha, 
 
282 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECr< 
 
 «ia kai th&a 16h khu to kio toa nftng pS'-pe" | 
 kui° 16; if she were to bind her feet, and ! 
 arrange a coiffure, slie would be as tall as a j 
 grown person. peh cie" kui''-kui'' kai sua" \ 
 
 teng; climb a high hill, tah kai pe° kui°-kui''; ^ 
 make a high platform. jit chut hph kui° lio ; 
 the sun is already high. kui° sua" kui" chio 
 tui ; high hills have high hills to face them, 
 uang-uang kui"; tall and personable. 
 
 kui" 120 A political division an- 
 /|Vj> 201 10 swering to a district ; the 
 fifth order of territorial divisions, sometimes 
 called a county. 
 
 i kfa" t(5 CO kui" kua"; his son is district 
 magistrate. hin jim raong ko kai ti-kQi"; is 
 now filling the office of district magistrate in a 
 certain place. kQi" s!a"; district cities. kau 
 kui"; the nine districts. nfn si tl cek kQi" 
 
 kwn ka.i ? In which district are you ? kQi" 
 cii ; kui" thai-ia; the district magistrate. kQi" 
 oh ; the district examinations. keh kQi"; the 
 adjoining district. lin kui"; neighboring 
 
 districts. n5 kui" kiam kki ; the two districts 
 are contiguous. sua" kiii"; a mountainous 
 
 district, si toa kQi" a si sfe kui"? Is it a large 
 or a small district ? ci-k6 si s6k tl c6k kui" 
 bun k\vn ? What district magistrate holds this 
 place under his jurisdiction ? siu kQi"; the 
 
 chief district. kui" ge-mng ; the district 
 
 yamun. kui" sdng ; the deputy magistrate of 
 the district. kiii"-khau khau wn a bQe ? Ai-e 
 the district examinations through with yet ? 
 
 •rt^ kui" 75 A case with drawers or a door; 
 t |M 486 14 a press ; a locker ; a chest, 
 toa kui", kiii" ki'a"; large and small lockers, 
 chng-kui"; a sideboard, tph-kui"; a side table 
 with drawers. kQi°-tliai; a counter in a shop, 
 ciii kui"; large covered wat«r-jars. lo kui"; 
 
 water jars kept along the street, as a precaution 
 against fires. 
 
 — kun — 
 
 kun 159 An army ; troops ; a legion 
 419 2 of 12500 men; the head- 
 quarters ; military ; warlike ; what pertains to 
 an army, 
 
 tai kun ; a legion. kun-ia"kai su-bii hwn; the 
 affairs of the army are numerous and vexations, 
 i tue uang khu chut kun; he is a camp follower. 
 mia"-ke kia" kun ; skilled in military tactics, 
 kun-min hii ; a military sub-prefect, placed 
 at an important point with civil jurisdiction, 
 kun thia"; the office of the sub-deputy district 
 magistrate. iong kvVn sam kun ; the bravest 
 of the brave, tong kun ; the main body of the 
 troops. khu tau kun ; to enlist as a soldier. 
 
 ia kun-kong seng kau c6 c6ng-tok; rise by mi- 
 litary merit to the office of governor. ngi tia" 
 CO chong kun kai cue; sentenced to banishment 
 to a garrison on the frontier. to kun c6i" 
 
 ku-a ui ; in the van of the army for several 
 years. liang kun tui t^k ; two armies in op- 
 position, kun leng nglam-sok; military orders 
 are stringent. thun kun to mong kui ti-hng; 
 intrenched forces in a certain spot. eng kun 
 sie ki"; practise military etiquette in saluta- 
 tion, kau-seng co thi-tok-kun-mng ; became 
 the general-in-chief. cie kun boi be; raise 
 
 and equip troops. kun cuang kek ; depot of 
 military stores, ci hue tii-tu u kun bu ; have 
 military business on hand just now. kun khi ; 
 weapons of war. pun cek chut ciang-kun- 
 
 leng; sound a victorious pean. hin-khek kui 
 ciang-kun se" sim-mueh ? What is the sur- 
 name of the present victorious commander ? 
 kun-su; a strategist in war. ci cek ki kun-b^ 
 thoi" tieh hiong-cang cfti ; these troops appear 
 very powerful, meng n&ng toa ki kun khu siu 
 sia"; order some one to take a body of troops 
 and go and guard the city. p[li kun cu ciang ; 
 a defeated general, ci ki kun si td moug ko 
 tit seng tng lai ; tiiis division of the army has 
 returned from a victory in a certain place. 
 kun-sQ hue hua"-hi clu luk ; the soldiers are 
 willing to do their utmost, choi" kun koi tit, 
 cSk ciang lang khiu ; a thousand men may be 
 had easily, but one leader for them is hard to 
 find. cQ si i l6 thio kun; it is he who directs 
 the movements of the troops. chui kun coi" 
 kia"; urge the troops forward. in kun tui- 
 
 kua"; lead the troops in pursuit. kun cin 
 
 kau tl-kp ? How far have the troops advanced, 
 thp kun; withdraw the troops. kun huap; 
 
 military regulations. kun-ui ; martial ; war- 
 like. tJii-ciang-knn, poih min ui-hong; a 
 great commander is majestic, no matter on 
 what side you approach him. chue-sua" kun 
 sim ; demoralize the array. kun-su long-iak; 
 soldiers eager for battle. kun b6 cien sim ; 
 the troops have no mind to fight. kun leng 
 m kia"; the orders are not obeyed. chau-lien 
 kun-su ; drill the troops. kun m ceng ; ciii 
 kun bo mih ceng-llen ; the army is not well 
 disciplined, kun nie ; soldiers' rations, kun 
 tang khueh nie ; the army lacks supplies. toi 
 kun su lai pang-cp kun hiang; contribute means 
 for aiding in the equipment of the army. 
 
 ~- /\ * kun 30 One who is honored as a 
 /^Zf 418 4 prince or chief ruler ; a 
 soverign ; exalted ; superior, 
 lu thoi" i kai naug si kun-cji a si sio-jin ? Do 
 you consider him a cultivated person, or a 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 283 
 
 boor ? thoi" i kai hok-sek li si kun-cu TiA,tig 
 cheng kai, iTi cai i kai nang 6i kun-cu a boi ? 
 I see that bis clothes are such as are worn by 
 refined people, but 1 do not know whether he 
 is a refined person or not. i kai gQa min 
 
 th6i°-k\" li kun-kun c\i-cti, i kai sira lai li kio 
 ch^k cek Ie°, chwn bo kai kun-cu bi ; he is a 
 perfect gentleman, so far as external appear- 
 ance is concerned, but in mind he is like a 
 brigand, utterly lacking refinement, kok kun; 
 the sovereign. hii kun ; in epitaphs denotes 
 a parent, soi" kuTi to jit .sira keng i ; when my 
 deceased father was alive I was most respectful 
 toward him. sio kun ; your son. ngiam kun ; 
 the head of the house. kun m cia°, chin 
 
 cu Iwn ; when the prince is not upright, the 
 ministers rebel. cia sng si bun kun ; this a 
 
 stupid ruler. kak kok kai kun-uang mia^-ho 
 m tang ; the sovereigns of different countries 
 have unlike designations, ke kun ; ray father, 
 soi kun ; my wife. sia° kun ; the monarch, 
 
 bien kun ; a wise ruler. to si u tau kai meng 
 kun; is a reasonable and clear headed ruler, i 
 kai CO su si bo pe-bo kun hiie kai co su ; his 
 conduct is that of one who has no ruler. 
 
 kiin 85 To boil ; to bubble np ; to 
 494 11 roll about or over, 
 pu ue kiin ciii lai chong te ; heat a kettle of 
 water till it boils and infuse some tea. ciii 
 
 kiin a biie ? Does the water boil yet ? ciii 
 cua" li-li kun khi lai ; the fountain bubbles 
 perpetually. sie kiie kiin thng; hotter than 
 boiling soup. tang i kiin kau mi^-mi"; wait 
 for it to boil soft. cek kiiu cu khia khi; as 
 
 soon as it boils, take it off the fire. 
 
 kun 159 To explode ; to blast ; to 
 
 234 14 blow, 
 kiin-ti-lui ; dynamite, tl khut i kiin thap khu ; 
 the ground was blown out and made concave 
 by it. kiin plma i kai sia°; blew up their city, 
 ciii toi kai ti-lui hp kun tio nang kai cun ; 
 torpedoes blow up ships. kun tio cieh ; blast 
 rocks, hu-ko kai ti-lui kiin khi lai, hu pi" kai 
 nang u kai khut i kiin si khu, u kai khut i kai 
 in heh puah khu; when the dynamite exploded 
 there, some of those standing by were killed by 
 the explosion and some were stunned. 
 
 "Tg^ kun 75 A quarter-staff; a sharper; 
 ^J^ 495 ~8 a knave. 
 
 chiu teng khia ki kun ; held a fencing stick in 
 his hand. tang phali si-cap kun ; beaten 
 
 forty blows with a club. toa kun toa pang li- 
 li phah ; kept sti'iking him with great clubs 
 and sticks, kuang-kun ; a blackleg, lau song 
 kiin ; a pettifogger, kun-hui"; a rascal. 
 
 kiin 145 A petticoat. 
 
 420 7 i c«5ng pak kun a in ceng ? 
 
 Has she begun to wear a petticoat yet ? i p8,k 
 cek ie ang kun ; she wore a red petticoat. ci 
 nia kun ti-tiang kai ? Whose petticoat is this ? 
 chio kun ; an apron worn by courtiers in court 
 dress. kun-ui ; a child's apron or petticoat, 
 kun toa ; the waistband of a petticoat. 
 
 ^|5 
 
 kiin 163 An old political division, 
 419 7 whose extent has varied at 
 
 different times from a province or principality 
 
 down to a district. 
 
 kun sia"; a shire-town. kun uang ; a prince. 
 
 kun cii ; daughters of a prince of the first 
 
 rank. 
 
 ^^ kiin 64 The fist. 
 -^^ 452 6 kuu-thau ; the fist; to double 
 up the hand ; boxing, pii, ngia, gan, pat kun- 
 thau ; rich, handsome, learned, and skilled in 
 boxing, hia kun-thau chun chut lai kio puah- 
 ki'a" hie" toa; when he sti-etched out his fist it 
 was as big as a small rice pot. 
 
 — kut — 
 
 >^y kut 188 A bone ; anything hard in- 
 r3 454 closed in or connected with 
 something soft, as the rib of a leaf or an 
 umbrella. 
 
 kha kut, chiu kut; bones of the feet and hands. 
 phia°-li kut ; the ribs. ku-kut ; old humaa 
 
 bones. hun jip kut chiie ; his hatred goes to 
 the marrow of his bones; invincible repugnance, 
 phu kun, lo kut; become emaciated, pvvn kut 
 chak ; a renegade. ngau ho" kut ka ; make 
 glue from tiger's bones. chun cp cek pe kut; 
 left but a handful of bones, i kai kut keh hd ; 
 he is well built. thong sin kai kut-cak ; the 
 bones of the whole body. ciah nang kai knt- 
 thau cia" sua"; preys upon people. ciia" kut- 
 thau ; base, low-live. sin-teng u ko kiii kut ; 
 has innate refinement. si i kai kut nek ; is of 
 his own flesh and blood. cia jl thoi" tieh u 
 
 kut lak ; this letter is vigorously written. 
 
 kut 64 To pound ; to maul ; to hit. 
 >^> 267 b i cang cha-ci kut tieh i kai 
 ka-ciah ; he took a round stick of wood and 
 hit him on his back. khieh ki tek-kp tui i 
 
 li-li kilt; got a bamboo pole and kept hitting 
 him with it. kiin-thau tiii i kit kau cek sin 
 tak-cak o-che"; mauled him with his fist till 
 his whole body was covered with black and 
 blue spots. 
 
284 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE BWATOW DIALECT, 
 
 kut 85 Smooth, slippery, polished ; 
 
 242 10 wet and sludgy ; soapy, glas- 
 sy, glairyjoily and shining; cunning, flattering. 
 6i li kui", lo li kut, hfam-hiam puah ku-a hue; 
 what with my shoes being high, and the road 
 sludgy, I came near falling down several times. 
 kut liu-liu; slushy. hu tio lo liu-liu kut; 
 
 that road is very slippery, thau-khak thi kau 
 kng-kut kng-kut ; the head shaved very smooth, 
 mong tieh lin-liu kut ; it feels soapy. thong 
 sin ne kut-kut; the whole body smooth. bua 
 Ho peh kut khjx ; rubbed it so hard as to take 
 off the gloss, chui kut-kut ; has a good appe- 
 tite, chui kat-kut li-kwn llara ; had it on the 
 end of his tongue and repeated it off without a 
 pause. ia tieh thftk kau chui kut cia" hd ; 
 
 must also study it till you can recite it easily, 
 ca-jit chili io siap, kia"-jit chiii io kfit ; yester- 
 day I had scarcely any appetite, to-day I feel 
 more like taking food. chiu lai m k(it ; it is 
 not scoured bright. kut ki\u cQ si bAah lil 
 
 kfii; smooth as if it were oiled, khah siap, gng 
 iu buah i kut; if there is too much friction, 
 take oil and smear it till it runs smoothly, hu 
 k(5 chie" che°-tl li'o, kut cfii ; moss has formed 
 there and it is very slippery. hAi" tieh to m 
 kut tiah : c6 6i siap-siap ne ; he never pays 
 willingly : how is it that is it 80 hard to get 
 anything from him. 
 
 kut 64 To dig into the ground ; to 
 
 448 8 excavate, 
 kut kili khe°; dig a pit. kut chim-chim ; dig 
 deep, kut klii khut ; dig a hole. kut cek tio 
 kau ; dig a ditch. img tho chim kit j soft 
 
 earth is deeply dug. kut-p6 ; a pickax. 
 
 kAt 46 Rising abruptly like a lofty 
 
 448 8 peak ; eminent, 
 i si ka-ki kut-klii kai, iIi si s6ng soi" nung k&i; 
 he is a self-made man, not one who inherited a 
 high position. chong peh-se° kut-khf co 
 
 huang-ti ; rose from among the common people 
 to the throne. 
 
 kut 94 Canning. 
 
 242 10 i kai nang kaa-kut ; he is 
 very tricky, kang-kut ; traitorous. 
 
 — ku — 
 
 ku 44 To dwell ; dwellings ; to en- 
 . . . 437 6 gross as a market ; to consist 
 ill ; to be in ; to fulfill a condition. 
 6i''-ku kai si-hnu ; when at leisure, i k4i kna" 
 ku kek pin ; he has reached the highest rank, 
 ua ngo kai kia" el ci kai ku toa ; of my five 
 
 children this is the eldest. khi hue kh<5 kU; 
 keep back goods to raise the price. i si ku ti- 
 tiang kai hok ? For whom is he in mourning ? 
 tS ku ; a tea-shop. ku sla" ho a si ku hie" hd ? 
 Which is the better, to dwell in a city or in a 
 village? ku kua° cu tieh cheng ceh ; the 
 incumbent mu.st magnify his oflSoe. hu-ko ku 
 min coi ; there are many inhabitants there. 
 mai" giii tieh min ku; do not interfere with the 
 people's dwellings. 
 
 IS 
 
 ku 146 The tail of a coat ; the flap, 
 
 438 8 skirt, or hem of a robe, 
 khang i kai sa" ku ; held on to the skirt of her 
 robe. khang sa" ku p6 ka-ciah ; take the flap 
 of a robe to mend the seat. khi" sa" ku ; 
 clings to her skirts. m8ng i kii sa" ku ; 
 touched tho hem of his garment. 
 
 f^^ ku 40 To store property ; to lay by 
 /Pt 4)38 8 property, as in a guarded 
 room. 
 
 ku in tit hie" cOi ; ifc will not hold so much, 
 thoi" m chut ku fi hk" coi" ; I should not have 
 thought there was room to store so much in it. 
 ci kpi" ckng-pftng ku tit jieh coi hiie ? How 
 much merchandise can be stored in this go- 
 down ? ctah loh khii i6 l&i ku rn tit ; eats 
 more than be can hold. 
 
 ku 184 To elevate ; to promote ; to 
 
 439 11 raiso iu public esteem ; to 
 praise. 
 
 tai-ke kong ku cek kai nAng chut lai H su ; the 
 people put forward a man to take charge of 
 affairs. tSi-miii" kok kfii huang-ti si c6ng 
 
 nang kong-ku kai ; the ruler of the United 
 States is elected by the people. kong-ku c€k 
 nang lai li cia su ; let a man be put forward by 
 the public to attend to this matter. ku-cin ; 
 to recommend, to bring forward, to nominate, 
 si lia ku-cln i kai ; it was I who recommended 
 him. ci kai nang si put sek thai ku kui nang; 
 this man is one who is unworthy of the 
 nomination, ku chiu ; to raise the hand, as in 
 voting. ku ci toa pang; a good deportment. 
 ku-t5ng to ii kui-ku ; in all actions there are 
 usages to be considered. cek ku cek tong to 
 Q Idi-sio ; for all movements of the body there 
 are rules of etiquette to be observed. ku-jin ; 
 a promoted man, a graduate of the second 
 degree. teng ku-jin ; get the second literary 
 degree. ngS tieh kai ku-cu ai" kliu cie" kia"; 
 met a graduate on his way to Peking. si ku- 
 jin a si bii-kii ? Is it a civil graduate of the 
 second degree or a military gi-aduate of the 
 second degree ? 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 285 
 
 ku 111 A usage, a law, a custom, a 
 439 5 pattern ; strict, exact, con- 
 stant, as a law. 
 
 kui ku ; established usages. b6 kni-ku ; un- 
 civil, impolite, rude. bo kui bo ku ; lawless, 
 pat kui-ku; well-bred. tich u kui-ku ; one 
 must act in accordance with correct customs. 
 
 AjW ku 167 A saw ; to saw. 
 ^^^ 441 ~8 si ku-kia" a si toa ku? Is it 
 a hand-saw, or a wood-saw ? ku co no kueh ; 
 saw it in tn-o. ci ki ku ho ku tek ili ho ku 
 
 sam; this saw is good to saw bamboo with but 
 not to saw pine. ku khi; the teeth of a saw. 
 to ku ; to file a saw. ku ci-hue cia° to kau 
 
 lai-lai ; the saw has just been sharpened, hieh 
 ki" kio ku-khi hie"-se"; the edges of the leaf are 
 seri-ated. ku au ; to cut one's own throat, 
 
 jwn ku, ku 111 tng ; however much I saw upon 
 it, I cannot sever it. ku-sut ; sawdust. ku 
 cgk kua kai ke-ci", hwn-lio ku bue loh ; has 
 spent time enough to get half a day's wages at 
 sawing, and has not yet sawed into it. ku 
 
 Dek ; the blade of the saw. 
 
 ku 157 To occnpy forcibly. 
 
 441 ~8~ ku-tin to hu kai tl-hng; 
 took up their quarters there. hu-ko si i ku- 
 tin to kp ; that is where they have planted 
 themselves. i h6".ku to hu-kp, bp nang ka" 
 
 khu thin i ; they have forcibly taken possession 
 of the place, and no one dare go and oust them. 
 
 ku 64 To ward off with the hand; to 
 441 T obstruct; to withstand ; to re- 
 ject ; to stop ; to oppose a plan, 
 ku-cph, m kio i kau-chap; broke off intercourse, 
 and would not associate with him. ce chia li'o 
 cu ku-coh bp hai"; as soon as he had got some- 
 thing from him on credit, he ceased from inter- 
 course with him, and would not pay him. i cp- 
 nl ka" khaiig-ku i ? How dare he oppose him 
 by force ? i ci-kp m Tea" ku kua"; those living 
 here, dare not resist the magistrates, chak ku- 
 pii ti-kau sie" tieh kua°-pia°; the rebels resisted 
 to the extent of wounding the regular troops, 
 ku-tek; to stand out against, ku i m cu; could 
 not successfully stand out against. khut i ku 
 CO, ku no sa° nij he stood out against paying 
 his rent for two or three years. 
 
 D^ ku 30 A choking which hinders 
 i3. 1080 12 swallowing. 
 lau nang khut png ku tieh ; the old man was 
 choked by the rice. ciah png, ciah lio ku-ku 
 ne ; after eating the rice, it produces a choking 
 sensation by stopping in the passage to the 
 fitomach. 
 
 ku 64 Evidence; warranty; to have 
 442 18 form or substance ; to occupy 
 a place; to maintain; to fend off; according to; 
 conformably to. 
 
 u sim-mih peng-ku? What proof is there of it ? 
 ci kai cu si ceng-ku ; this is the evidence of it. 
 ciam-ku i k§,i ti-hng ; encroach on his ground, 
 lip ieh ui ku ; make a contract as evidence, ku 
 i ta" si cie°-se''; from what he says it appears 
 to be thus. ku ci kia" su lai thoi" cu si i m 
 tieh ; judging from this, it appears to be he 
 who is in the wrong. ku to-li lai lun li, hd 
 
 cia su ; taking correct principles as the ground 
 for argument, the thing cannot be done. ku 
 pin si cie"-se"; according to the warrant, it is 
 so. bp peng bp ku, ham ua c6-ni twn ? With 
 no proof nor evidence, how would you have me 
 decide the case ? cia si u ceng ii ku kai su ; 
 this is a thing about which there is testimony 
 to be had. ku i kai cii-i li ai° cie°-se" cp; con- 
 formably to his will, let it be thus done. ku- 
 tin i kai pho, ih kheng pua"; took possession 
 of his shop, and would not move out. iu-ku 
 bo hai° i kai co ci"; and furthermore withheld 
 his rent from him. 
 
 ku 162 Rapid; spurred on; suddenly. 
 
 ^ 442 l3^ to kip-ku kai si-hau cu ai° m 
 
 cai-huang ; when in a hurry one does not take 
 precaution. ku.jien cii ai° cie"-se" kia°, kia"- 
 iii kia" m khu ; if you want to do that on the 
 spur of the moment, I fear it cannot be done. 
 
 ku 9 A free and easy way; haughty; 
 
 441 8 assuming, 
 i kai nang kfi-ngSu cS,i ; he is very domineer- 
 ing, ham tieh i ku-ku ne ; when you call him 
 he pays no attention to it. chph no°-kia° 
 
 chwn bo kui-ku, to si ku-ngSn, sien-tien ; those 
 children are wholly destitute of correct train- 
 ing, and are insolent and impudent. 
 
 T-| ku 48 The chief ; great; vast. 
   ^ 4ib "2 ke-cu ku-bvvn; a vast estate, 
 hu-ko sng i si kQ-phek ; he is the great man 
 of the place. ku rang tho ; in geomancy, a 
 
 symmetrical hollow between two hills. 
 
 ku 30 To gulp down. 
 
 929 T khut i cp cek chiii ku loh khu; 
 he gulped it down at one mouthful. toa-toa 
 chili li-li tu ; kept gulping it down in great 
 mouthf uls. ku m loh ; could not swallow it. 
 
 M 
 
 ^ 
 
 ku 157 Distance between. 
 441 "X ku Bia" jieh hng ? How far 
 from the city is it? 
 
286 
 
 DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 — kuh — 
 
 kuh 30 To stammer in talking, be- 
 322 7 cause of a stoppage in the 
 throat, caused by fear, rage or grief, 
 i kui au-lSiig-kiig nge, kuli-kfth-kie, la" Oe la" 
 rn chut; his tonsils were stiffened, so that 
 (having a lump in his throat,) he could only 
 sob out some words, and could not talk con- 
 nectedly, tk" ue ill tieh ta" hd-hd, mki" kfth- 
 k^h-k\e ; if you are going to speak, why don't 
 you speak properly, and not stammer and 
 stutter, no ku ue kuh-kiih-kie, ta° c6k kiia; in 
 saying two sentences he stammers and stutters 
 BO that it takes him half a day to get it out. 
 khua"-khua° t(5 kiih ; gradually stammered 
 forth. 
 
 — knn — 
 
 4*tt kun 75 The roots of plants; origin, 
 ^JK 317 6 beginning, cause, foundation; 
 fundamental, radical. 
 
 chiu kun ; the roots of trees. cek tio kun 
 
 chwn kau hiig-ling ko khi; a root has made 
 its way to a long distance. h(5 kun toi ; the 
 
 bottom of a thing; the cause, or origin of a 
 thing, i ksli slin-mih kun-ti? What is at the 
 bottom of it all ? i kfii kun-piin si cl'.6ng tl- 
 ko lai kai ? Whence comes the original c;iuse ? 
 ci kai ue tiv" chut lai b6 kun ; there is no foun- 
 dation for this story. kui kun, si co-ni ? To 
 go back to its origin, what does it amount to ? 
 soi mug i kui kun-iu ; carefully inquire into 
 its origin. bo kun ciii-lau-phie ; a rootless 
 
 weed that floats on the surface of the water ; a 
 vagrant. u sim-raih kun-ku me ? Is there 
 
 any well based evidence of it ? kun chim, lib 
 kii ; roots deep and rootlets tough, cam chau, 
 tu kun ; cut down the weeds and destroy their 
 roots ; utterly eradicate, lu thdi" ci kai a-no°- 
 kia° u kun-ki a bo ? Do you think this child 
 has much vigor ? a pit cheng-chiu kun ; split 
 a banyan root by argument. ngwn kun si ti- 
 tiang kai ? Whose was the original foundation ? 
 cia pho lia si kio i b6i tSg kun kai ; as to this 
 shop, I have bought him out altogether, i ce 
 bo ci°, cu t<5 hwn chiing kun, chu kun ; being 
 out of money, he is selling off his fields and 
 houses, without reservation, to i chii si td k5 
 hun-kuah kun ; in his house they live on sweet 
 potatoes. hu choh n&ng cu si i kai kun-raio"; 
 those people are his offspring. pang kau 
 
 chin-chie" se" kun tue tl h\e''-se°; if you set it 
 down, it is as if it produced roots and adhered 
 to the earth. 
 
 •^^ kun 118 The tendons ; the sinews ; 
 M/J 397 ~6~ applied also to the veins and 
 nerves; sinewy, strong. 
 
 cSk sin tau kun, p&k knt ; a sharp pain in the 
 joints over the whole body, ca-jit liut-jiun cu 
 thiu kha kun ; was taken suddenly with a 
 cramp in the leg yesterday. min-teng tio 
 
 che"-kun phd-phu ; a swollen vein on the face, 
 i kai phue khah poh, hia kun cek tio cek tio, 
 thoi" hin-hln ; her complexion is too trans- 
 parent, and the veins can be plainly seen, 
 ham i l&i kio lia liah pue kun ; t«ll him to come 
 and knead my back for me, to ease the pain, 
 ci k6 si cong kun thAu ; this is a nerve centre, 
 toa kun ; sinews. &ng kun ; arteries. ji sia 
 chut lai fi kun kut ; the letters are written 
 with bold strokes. knah tio i no tio kha 
 
 kun ; to cut the tendons of the legs, (a terrible 
 punishment), ml" kun; tough strings of dried 
 dough. huph kun ; blood vessels. gu-n6k 
 tleh kuah mai" so" kun kai ; you must get beef 
 which has no tendons in it. hia kun jiin c5i, 
 p5 m loh ; that tendon is very tough, 1 cannot 
 chew iib. phukunlokut; become emaciated, 
 i k&i kha kun c6 sek nge, tOa n&ng ta" i cQ ra 
 thia"; as soon as he gets upon his own legs, he 
 will give no heed to what his elders say to 
 him. i jtang kau ftm kun phong-pliong ; he 
 shrieked until his throat was ready to burst. 
 c{ le" ieh 6i cang kun kut ; this medicine will 
 impart muscular strength. 
 
 IT^ kun 69 The Chinese pound ; its 
 J I 397 ^ weight differs in different 
 localities : by treaty a catty is fixed at 1 J 
 pounds averdupois. 
 
 cek kun no kun ii ; I have perhaps a catty or 
 two. piia** kun tui poih nie ; a half a catty is 
 as good as eight onnces. cek ta" cek peh kun; 
 a picul is a hundred catties, u kiii kun tSng ? 
 How many catties does it weigh ? ta" choi" 
 kun ta"; carrying a burden of a thousand cat- 
 ties, i kai chin kun-nie siam ; this steelyard 
 gives short weight. ci ki chin, nie cie" toa, 
 kun cie" Piam ; on this steelyard, the ounces 
 are over weight and the catties under weight, 
 cek kun si cap-lak nie a si c&p-poih nie ? Is the 
 pound one of sixteen ounces, or one of eighteen 
 ounces? pha bo kun tau; to turn somersaults. 
 
 kun 157 To follow at one's heels. 
 
 317 ~6~ kun-sui; to follow, as au 
 attendant. cap nang kun, poih nang sui ; a 
 
 number of persons followed as attendants, 
 i si to kun kua" kai nang ; he is one who acts 
 as attendant on a magisti-ate. i pat kun kue 
 tXu-thai; he has been an attendant on the 
 Prefect. ci no kai chiah-kha si ciu-jit kun- 
 sui i kai; these two large footed women attend 
 upon her all day. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 287 
 
 Irt kun 50 A napkin ; a kerchief. 
 
 • I'* d{)7 clu'rt kuti ; kua° kun; a hand- 
 kerchief, ihau kun ; a head-cloth, thau-teng 
 ta cek ko o kun ; wore a bhvck head-cloth, 
 jio-se teng tue kua cek liap o kun kho-hne ; on 
 the crape was fixed such an ornament as elderly 
 women usually wear on a black head-cloth, 
 so kun ; a plain herchief. tang-ie" kuu ; a 
 
 foreign kerchief. 
 
 •h^ kun 32 To equalize; to adjust; even; 
 •'r/ 418 4 level. 
 
 pun lai iTi kun-pe"; they are not impartially 
 distributed. t3,i-ke lai kun hun ; come all of 
 you and take equal shai-es. kun si u iah kai 
 Bu; impartial adjustment is beneficial. 
 
 Nothing over; hardly enough; 
 scarcely ; little short ; only ; 
 
 kun 9 
 
 399 11 
 nothing more. 
 i kun 61 cie°-se" ta" tia"-t!a°; he said just this 
 and nothing more. lia kun lai cek hue ; I 
 
 came but once. kun-kun kio i co-pu ciah cek 
 tng tia°; ate with him only once. put kue 
 
 kun-kun kau eng ; have no more than barely 
 enough, kun si i cai tia", pat nang m cai ; he 
 only knows, no one else knows. 
 
 ■^S^ kun 149 Diligent; careful; vigilant; 
 H^E. 399 11 serious; attentive; respectful. 
 lu tieh kun sim ; you must give your whole 
 mind to it. cang loi-mueh khu kun ku i ; 
 
 take offerings and respectfully present them to 
 him. kun cun i kai meng-leng ; sedulously 
 
 attend to his orders. 
 
 ^IS. ktin 
 l^U 399 
 
 the rite of partaking of the nuptial wine. 
 
 26 The nuptial wine cup. 
 6 kia" hah-kuti kai loi; perform 
 
 kun 184 A dearth of vegetables. 
 
 400 11 ke°-chai bo siu-s6ng kie-co 
 kun ; when vegetables do not come to perfection 
 there is said to be a vegetable famine, ki-kun 
 kai si-hau ; a time of dearth. 
 
 kun 44 To exert all one's strength; 
 
 182 21 to struggle on. 
 i kai lak soi, si khak-kho kun kai, m si cp tit 
 lai ; she has little strength, and it is done with 
 great effort, it is not what she is really able to 
 do. lia thoi" i ciu jit kun kau cham cSi ; I 
 
 see that he exerts himself painfully all day. 
 ta" li tang, lak li bo, khak-si-kho to kun ; the 
 burden is heavy, the strength gone, and he is 
 Btruggling on as if for life. 
 
 M 
 
 Q kun 138 The third of the eight dia- 
 J^ 317 grams. 
 
 pok tieh k^i kin khue ; cast the eighth diagram 
 when divining. 
 
 kun 15 To congeal ; to coagulate ; to 
 G37 14 curdle; to stiffen ; to freeze, 
 ce la chin cu kun ; as soon as it cools it will 
 stiffen. f"-keng kun rain ; has already stiffened 
 on the surface. la. kun kau ko ; the fat has 
 
 stiffened and formed a single lump, chin kaa 
 lu kun-tang ; so cold that the oil has become 
 solid. thi"-si juah, nek-thng phu li'o, boi kun- 
 tang ; when the weather is hot, the soup does 
 not stiffen after being cooked. 
 
 kun 130 The gizzard. 
 
 65 6 koi kun, ah kun, go kun; 
 the gizzards of chickens, ducks, and geese, 
 cha kua" kun ; fried gibblets. 
 
 >W^ kuQ 162 Near in time or place; to 
 lA^^ 401 4 draw close to ; adjoining, 
 kuii-kun ne ; close at hand, i kun jib cia° lai ; 
 he came not long since. lia kun si cia" lai ; I 
 came lately, ciang kun ai" li(5 li'o ; it will very 
 soon be finished, kun hai kai ti-hng ; regions 
 near the sea. kuu-lai ii sini-mih sin bun ? 
 
 What news is there of late ? ci'a si to ci kfln 
 ni cia° sin khi li ; these are the new regula- 
 tions, established within the last few years, 
 tui ci tio lo 10 kun ; it is nearer to go by 
 this road. eg kua i sin-pi°; sit close to 
 
 him. kia" kun lo ; go the nearest way. i kai 
 mak kuii-si ; she is near sighted. ci kii ue 
 
 ta" lai io kun li; this is nearer the truth, ling 
 kun thwn mia"; spread its fame far and near, 
 lin-kun hie"; neighboring villages. ai" kia" 
 
 kuii, tin-tp hng; wanted to go by the nearest 
 route, and went by the farthest instead. hii- 
 kun kai ti-hng ; adjacent land. kun to ; the 
 present generation. i m ka° kun coi"; he 
 
 dare not approach. cia kai nang, ho kio i 
 
 chin-kun ; this person is one we may affiliate 
 with, ci kia" su i kai se° io kun ; this is some- 
 thing that he would learn more easily, having 
 a natural bent toward it. th6i°-ki" li kjin, kia" 
 tieh cia" cai hng ; it appeared to be close at 
 hand, but on walking there we found it far 
 off. hng chio in ju kun phiih ; a strong friend 
 far away is not so good as a weak one near by. 
 ien ciii kiu put tit kun hiie ; water that is dis- 
 tant cannot put out a fire close at hand. 
 
 — kut — 
 
 kiit 115 Thick, stiff, viscid ; close, 
 'RJ 51 8 compact, 
 nang-mueh ne kut-kut, coi c2,i ; the crowd is 
 
288 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 very dense. koi-h3,ng kai nang sak kaa kufc ; 
 the crowd in the streets is so dense as to 
 obstruct travel. k6 kbok lai khah kut ; tlie 
 paste is made too thick. mue" pu chieh a pii 
 kut? Is the congee made thin or thick ? khah 
 chieh, 16h ke choh nal-hun khut i kfit c6 ; if it 
 is too thin put in some more flour and make it 
 stiffer. 
 
 m 
 
 kut 109 To look at out of the comer of 
 2 8 the eye ; to look askance at. 
 i kai mftk td kiit i, t7j cai si hSng i raih su; he 
 looks askance at him, but I do not know what 
 reason he has for disliking him. 
 
 — kwn — 
 
 WMi kwn 169 A custom or excise house; a 
 IPFJ 472 10 frontier pass ; to bar a door; 
 to guard ; to place a post at ; to bear upon, to 
 effect; to belong to a concern; involving; 
 consequences ; results. 
 
 hiang kwn ; sue kwn ; the custom-house. hai 
 kwn ; maritime customs. kwn khau ; a place 
 where duties are paid. kwn po ; Board of 
 
 Revenue. p^i'ig kwn ; to pass the custom- 
 
 house, kwn-sim tiolio; look carefully after 
 the stuff. bI Be", si &i, kwn-hl t6 vi kla" su ; 
 whether he lives or dies depends on this. i 
 kio ua b6 kwn-siap; he has nothing to do with 
 me. m kwn {in. k&i su ; it is none of my 
 
 business, ci ko Q kai kwn-li ble; there is here 
 a temple of the god of war. to bo kwn sim 
 
 kio lia CO ; he docs not do it for me with any 
 interest, kwn huang; the official seal, lu t^eh 
 cai kwn i ; you must beware of him. ning 
 
 cai kwn ; take heed to the door. lu kfii ning 
 tieh kwn hp-hd ; you must guard the doorway 
 carefully, khai kwn sua"; a sneezing powder, 
 lia sek phua i kai ki-kwn ; I brought his real 
 motives to light. cf kai su kwn-hi toa; this 
 affair has important results. phai i td p6° 
 
 kwn ; depute him to close and command the 
 
 Eass. kiie kwn; pass the custom house, kwn- 
 lang ; custom house dues, khieh kvvu-hiang; 
 collect duties. 
 
 kwn 18 A bond, agreement, or con- 
 
 4^3 6 tract, 
 i i^-keng sang kwn ho; he has already pre- 
 sented his papers. i kwn hii si kiii nang ? 
 How many names appear in the document ? 
 kwn ]&.{ si irik nang, kwn gua .si si n^ng ; there 
 are six who are mentioned in the contract, and 
 four besides, cu kwn ngun T-keng sang 
 cheng-chd lio ; the amount agreed upon in the 
 contract with the school-teacher, baa already 
 been paid over to him in full. 
 
 Sju kwn 14 A covering for the head. 
 Jild 473 7 i-kwn chi-ceng ; clothing 
 rich and elegant. i ce cai i lai thoi" cu chut 
 lai thio kia-kwn; as soon as she knew they 
 had come and were observing her, she came 
 out and paraded around in a high cap. kia- 
 kwn ; the head-gear of actors. 
 
 kwn 147 To look at carefully; to 
 474 18 observe, 
 kwn-thdi"; to contemplate thoughtfully, kwn- 
 mo°; to look abroad attentively. kwn hong ; 
 one's first entrance into the exatuinations. 
 kwn chak sai ; the style of an address to the 
 Intendant of Circuit. 
 
 tl 
 
 kwn 75 To encoffin. 
 472 8 tl-kai si ai' siu kwn? At 
 what time is the body to be pat in the coffin ? 
 
 IjJJJ kwn 195 Unattended ; alone. 
 
 «w|v 473 10 kwn kiia" ko tok kai nftng; 
 
 alone and solitary. 
 
 «^i kwn 184 Flap-jacks; wafers. 
 p^iU 451 8 kwn-cien ; flap-jacks, or 
 wafers, in which hash is rolled. i kki kwn- 
 cien hu tdi si kauh mih kfti ? What is rolled 
 up in his flap-jacks ? 
 
 kwn 118 To control ; to dominate; to 
 474 8 rule; to influence primarily, 
 eng i idcpkwn-ke; employ him as steward, 
 ci lai si tl-tiang to kvvn su ? Who has the 
 control of things in here? bI i i6 kwn-H; it 
 is he who has the management of it. lii ho 
 siu kwn ; you may take ciiarge of it. i td 
 
 Clang kwn sio-b&k ; he is keeping the books, 
 pho lai kai su to si i td kvvn ; he controls 
 everything connected with the shop. cSk 
 
 i.ang kwn gua, cek nang kwn ISi ; one takes 
 charge of what goes on outside, and the other 
 of what is done inside. i kwn-hak nang ra 
 
 thia"; people will not be ruled by him. lu ci- 
 kwn ta°; go on talking as long as you like, 
 cek-kwn cp kau hd ; go on and finish it up. 
 li'-kwn fa"; gave himself wholly up to talking, 
 lu raai" kwn p&t nang, kvvn ka-kl cu ho ; yoa 
 need not look after other people, if you keep 
 yourself in order that will be sufficient, ra ku 
 pat nang, ka-ki li-kv\n ta°; paid no attention to 
 others, but went on talking himself. lu thia' 
 lia ta°, lu mai" li-kvvn khau ; listen to what I 
 am saying to you and do not give yourself 
 wholly up to crying. i m kvvn su ; he does 
 
 not control matters. bp khu kvvn i ; did not 
 pay any attention to him. m cai kvvn-kii cQ 
 kh^t i cau-khu ; did not look after him, and so 
 
DICTIONABT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 289 
 
 he ran away, lu lleh cai-kwn ; you must look 
 out. ]u a-si m cai-kwn, m-ki°-mueh eu si lu 
 kai su ; if you are not on the lookout, and any- 
 thing is carried off, you will be held responsible 
 for the loss. lak ngio kwu sa" ke ; a diligent 
 cat exerts an influence in her own and two 
 other houses, i kwn loh u jieh coi nS,ng ? How 
 many persons does he oversee ? sd kwn kai tl- 
 hng jieh khuah ? How large a country does he 
 rule over? i boi tit kwn ua ; ho cannot sway 
 me. lu mai" kwn lia kai su: kak nang kwn kak 
 nSing cu ho ; do not yon undertake to manage 
 my affairs : if each person attends to his own 
 business all will go well. si i kai-kwn kai 
 
 nang; it is one of those whom he has charge of. 
 hiu° kwn 6i° su ; put a stop to idle dalliance. 
 
 f^ kwn 135 An inn, a caravansary, a 
 ^ 475 To^ lodging place or club-house; 
 a council room or assembly hall ; a room for 
 public use ; an exchange ; an office or counting 
 room ; a saloon ; a restaurant ; a school-room, 
 kong kwn ; a government hall ; a public room. 
 cu kwn ; a school-building. hue kwn ; club- 
 rooms, cia kwn ; a saloon, where liquors are 
 sold. te kwn ; a tea-house, or restaurant, 
 
 ui kvvn; a hospital, or dispensary. to kwn ; 
 
 puah ci" kwn ; a gambling hall, ki kwn ; sau- 
 phua kwn ; brothels, bagnios, kin-ni kai kwn- 
 tl fo ho ; the openings for employment are 
 better this year. chi kwn ; lodgings in an 
 
 examination hall, owned and kept for the use 
 of one's descendants. sue khut nang co bii- 
 kwn ; rent to people to use as lodgings during 
 the military examinations, kau-laa kwn ; res- 
 taurants, tea gardens. kwn co ; the rent of a 
 hall. kwn cii ; the owner of the hall. khui 
 kwn ; the beginning of a session or term. 
 
 1^ 
 
 kwn 76 To treat well ; to show res- 
 
 477 T pect to. 
 i kwn-thai ua I'o ho ; he shows me much respect, 
 kwn-thai pat nang bo cie°-se''; did not show 
 such courtesy to other people. i lai kau lia 
 
 hd kwn ho thai i ; upon his coming I enter- 
 tained him very courteously. mih su kwn- 
 thai i kau ciu-tau ciu-tau ; treated him with 
 the completest politeness. i ce lai da cu hd 
 cin hd chai kwn-thSi i ; whenever he comes I 
 entertain him with the best food and drink, 
 boi kwn-thai i m-hd ; never show any lack of 
 courtesy toward him, 
 
 kwn 109 Family ; kindred; to regard 
 _ 450 6 kindly, 
 pd-kwn ceng co-pu lai me ? Did your family 
 come with you ? ke-kwn khia-kM to ti-ko ? 
 
 "Where does your family reside ? hu l5i c6ng 
 cii kwn a m ceng? Has he a family living in 
 there ? i bue u ke-kwn ; he has not yet a 
 
 family of his own. i siang-te'ng kwn-kix i ; he 
 regards him very affectionately, cf kai nang i 
 kwn-ku cS,i ; he loves this person very much, 
 i kai \ cng kai kvVn-ku to ci'-ko ; his heart is 
 wholly set upon this. 13,i gua kai chin k\Vn 
 
 long-cong lai ; the relatives of the same and of 
 other surnames all came. thi° i kwn to i kd ; 
 Heaven graciously protects him. i k&i sim si 
 kvVn to ci kai, m si kwn to hu kai ; his heart 
 inclines to this not to that. 
 
 V*P ^^^ ^ To force a liquid into ; to 
 l"^^ 476 18 pour into holes to fill them ; 
 to run or flow together; to discharge; to dis- 
 emboge. 
 
 cia gu-nek u kwn cui a bo ? Has this beef had 
 water forced into it, (to make it appear fat)? 
 eng cia kwn i ciii ; force him to drink liquor 
 till he is drunk. kwn lang, kwn kau pa; has 
 filled up with pus till it is full. ieh i a-si m 
 kheng ciah cu liah lai kwn ; if he will not take 
 the medicine, then seize him and force him to 
 swallow it. kiii jit cii kwn cie"; perfected his 
 small pox pustules, in a few day's time. ci 
 
 tio cui oi kwn kau nin kai chang ko kha a boi? 
 Does this stream of water flow through into 
 your fields or not ? 
 
 kwn 61 Experienced in; pi'acticed in; 
 476 11 addicted to ; habitual, 
 cia SI kwn-sek co kai ; this is done by an ex- 
 perienced hand. cia ke-hiie lia eng m kwn ; 
 I am not skilled in the use of these weapons, 
 co-jien, cS,i tit kwn ? At first, how can one be 
 accustomed to it ? leng-ceng kwn cien ; a 
 
 veteran in war. sip kwn seng cu.jien; practice 
 renders one perfect. ci ie" si kwn-lien k^i, 
 
 this is what he is practiced in. 
 
 kwn 64 To push away from one 
 ^^^ 476 11 violently, 
 khut i kwn. puah to tho-ti-e ; was pushed over 
 on to the ground by him. i c& khi, khieh khi 
 lai cu kwn loh khu ; when he gets angry, he 
 takes it up and then dashes it down. oi khut 
 i kwn phua khu a boi? Did he break it in 
 throwing it down ? khut i kwn kau chap- 
 chap-chui; was broken in pieces by his dashing 
 it down. 
 
 ;^ U kwn 14 To cap a youth when he comes 
 JxAd 473 7 of age ; the chief or head, 
 si i" kwn a si biie kwn ? Has he been capped 
 yet ? bun-cie" kwn tie"; the chief of the essays. 
 
290 
 
 DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 "Mil*' kwn 154 To connect ; to traverse ; 
 _^^ 475 7 to permeate ; linked with. 
 Bi'a m^ng t6-td cia-kwn ; write out plainly the 
 residence and parentage. cia ue ta° lai m 
 
 kwn-cbwn ; this is not spoken with continuity 
 «,nd relevancy. i u bvvn ke chS.i ; he is very 
 rich, cf ku cu k&i i-su kwn kJiu thong phien ; 
 the meaning of this sentence is connected with 
 all that is on this page. i kau cf-k6 lai cue- 
 ak kwn-iong ; having reached this point, bis 
 iniquity is full. 
 
 kwn-pien Paralysis, or stiffness 
 854 of the tendons. 
 1 kvvn-piun kku ci-k6 l&i ku-a ni lio ; he has 
 been paralyzed for many years. 
 
 kwn 18 Legal documents. 
 
 453 6" tio cie^jit kai iia'-kiVn lai 
 th6i"; call for the documents relating to the 
 case and see. tio kwn l&i hek tieli m hu ; 
 
 called for the documents and found by ex- 
 amining them that they did not agree. chau 
 kwn ; copy deeds. 
 
 k\Vn 181 The cheek bones. 
 f^\ 452 18 no kai kvVn-kut toa-t5a ; 
 very high cheek bones. kwn-kut toa, kai 
 
 Dang 10 ii suah khi ; people with high cheek 
 bones ai"e rather savage looking. 
 
 ^Rg kwn 121 A gallipot ; a pot with a 
 r*^B 476 18 cover and spout. 
 tS-kwn ; a tea-pot. ciii kvVn ; a water-pot. 
 
 hui kwn ; an earthen pot. k\Vn kua; the cover 
 of a pot. kvVn lih, kwn pe°; the handle, kwn 
 sui ; kwn chui ; the spout. 
 
 m 
 
 kwn 109 To turn the eyes back upon 
 
 451 8 fondly, 
 kwn-lvvn-lvvn, m kam sia tio ; looked back to it 
 with longing eyes, and was unwilling to part 
 from it. i kai cheng cng kai kvVn-hvn to i ko ; 
 his whole heart turns fondly toward it. 
 
 kwn 113 To pour out libations before 
 476 8 the dead. 
 kia° kwn ciu kai loi; to offer a libation of spirits. 
 
 kwn 142 To squirm ; to wriggle. 
 
 305 14 cek tio kau-un to kwn ; an 
 
 earth-worm is squirming there. i ce sph tieh 
 i li-li kwn ; as soon as it smarts, it keeps squir- 
 ming, a cek Ie° thang to ciii toi td kwn, ai° 
 liah khf lai li bo: kai sim-mueh ? There is a sort 
 of worm wriggling at the bottom of the water, 
 if you try to seize it and bring it out it proves 
 to be nothing : what can it be ? 
 
 y^fe kwu 9 Tired ; fntigned. 
 ptlT' 450 8 nang kliiiii-kwn ; am tired, 
 kai Tang phi-kwa cfti ; am very languid. bftft 
 kku hu liue kai ceng-sin kvvn cii ; had drudged 
 till at that time I was quite fagged out. 
 
 kwn 64 To break away ; to jerk one's 
 30 8 self away, 
 kwn cau ; to jerk away and escape. kwn 
 
 khui ; to jjrk off. kwn chut khu ; jerk out. 
 phd kin kk\i b5i kwn ; hold him tightly so that 
 he cannot break nway. khut i kwn hit khu ; 
 it was jerked off by hira. khut i ce kwn cla 
 pfiah loh khu; having jerked away he fell 
 down. 
 
 ^1 kwn 78 To wave to and fro; to shake; 
 lJ<i 282 2 to sway. 
 
 i kai biio i<5 kwn; his tiiil is wagging, ki-bua 
 li to kwu ; the twigs flutter in the wind. 
 
 — kwt — 
 
 yft^ kwt 15 To decide; to settle; decidedly. 
 1/V 447 4 i i"-keng kwt-i ki" co ; he has 
 already decided that he will do it. hu kia" su 
 tt cCk kwt a hue fi ? Is that matter decided 
 yet or not ? i kai nang cp hU in kua''-kwt ; he 
 acts in an undecided way. i a-b<5 co ku keng 
 kwt-twn ; his motlier acts with greater decision, 
 i hwn-li'o c!)i gi, bQe kwt; he still delays and 
 doubts, and is not yet decided about it. kwt- 
 kwt ill hu ieh cu si ; certainly will not fail to 
 carry out the contract. kwt put ciah ngan ; 
 will positively not retract. kwt-tia" 6i tit 
 
 seng ; certaiuly may succeed. 
 
 m 
 
 149 Parting or dying words ; an 
 
 4 art, a rule; a mystery, occult 
 
 trick in legerdemain ; hidden ; 
 
 kwt 
 
 447 
 doctrines, a 
 abstruse. 
 
 tit tieh i kai pi-kwt ; got the secret of it, (as 
 of a trade). kliaukwt; gibberish. i kai 
 kwt-sut coi ; they have many superstitious 
 observances. mih ie° su a-si tit kwt cu koi 
 
 cp ; anything is easily done if you can get at 
 the art of doing it. 
 
 ^ 
 
 kwt 64 To inclose in a bundle; to 
 469 6 envelop ; to include ; to com- 
 prehend. 
 
 kai-kwt ; to contain ; to embrace. pau-kwt ; 
 to include. ci kii ue pau-kwt thong cie° kai 
 i-su ; this sentence contains the gist of the 
 whole chapter. pat nang ta° coi-coi hwn-lfo 
 iTi cheng-chp, khut i ta° cp no ku cu kai-kwt 
 khu; other people talk a great deal and still do 
 not express what he will say in two sentences. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 291 
 
 — kha — 
 
 kha 130 The foot; the leg; the shank; 
 
 410 7 the base ; the pedestal, 
 kha mak ; the ankle bone. kha ciih ; stocks, 
 for the feet. thcng-cu kha ; to rest from 
 
 walking. kha Ing-to ; the calf of the leg. 
 
 kha pua"; the instep, kha toi ; the sole of the 
 foot, kha cng tluiu; the toes, kha Su te"; the 
 heel, kha to; the sole, in a line from the little 
 toe to the heel. kha liara ; the shin. kha 
 than u ; the knee. tah i kai kha ciah ; tread 
 in his footsteps. kha thiii ; the thigh ; kha 
 ■wt ; the knee joint. kha thiii ngan ; kha 
 
 thui thau ; the hip joint. kha pi"; the groin. 
 kha kut chnt khu ; kha thiii ngan kai kut chut 
 khu ; dislocation of the hip joint. kha-thaa- 
 u kai kut chut khu ; dislocation of the bones 
 of the knee. i puah kau kha kut chut thng ; 
 he fell and dislocated the bones of his leg. 
 tng i bo tlo kha mo"; in comparison with him 
 I am as a hair from his leg. i kai kha lak 
 
 toa ; he is influential, toa kha toa chiu kai 
 
 nang ; a man of influence and ability. i ho 
 
 kha chiu ; he is clever at his trade, pak-chiah- 
 kha ; bare footed. ti° kha ; to bind the feet. 
 u kha kia" bo lo; have no recourse, kiiai kha ; 
 lame. khue kha; weak in the knees. kha 
 khue chiu klme ; weak in the limbs. i kai 
 
 kha kia" lo kuai-a-kuai ; he limps in walking. 
 i kai kha kia" lo hien-a-hien ; he walks as if he 
 had St. Vitus's dance, kha wn-keng wn-keng ; 
 he is bandy-legged. tiig to kha; one leg 
 
 shorter than the other. ah toi kha ; splay 
 
 footed, cang kha-to lai kia"; walk on the sides 
 of the feet, si ciah kha kai much; quadrupeds. 
 Ba° kha i"; a three legged stool, tok ciah kha; 
 having but one leg. phwn khi kha to co ; 
 
 sitting cross legged. phwn thui co si no ciah 
 kha lotig-cong phvvn khi lai to kha thui teng, 
 chin-chie" hiit to co ; to sit Turk fashion, is to 
 double both feet upon the thighs, in the way 
 in which Buddha sits. ut pang ko khio khi 
 kha ; lie down and then raise the legs higher 
 than the head. khek kha ; bend the knee, 
 
 eng cek ciah kha kui a eng no ciah kha kui ? 
 Are we to kneel on one knee or on both ? thi 
 kha be ; having sprawling legs. kha si khia 
 tit ho, can me" phah ia° koi ; with the feet 
 firmly set, one may run fast enough to catch a 
 fowl ; with a firm stand point, one may con- 
 quer, toa kha pang; a much swollen leg. kio 
 bo kha kiii cek le", huh-ce-kie cu lai ; came 
 suddenly like a ghost with no sound of foot- 
 steps. c6i°,kha; fore legs. Su kha ; hind legs, 
 khut mang kha nek tieh ; was tread upon by a 
 mosquito. chiig kha ; the legs of a table, 
 
 thio kha ; the pedestal of a pillar. mng-kha- 
 
 khiS ; the socket in which a door is set. pang 
 chu-kha ko; put it down beside the house, 
 ti-kha thiiii h<fa hue? Is the foundation filled 
 in yet ? cia, thong ti kha e to u ; this is to be 
 found everywhere. i kai kha tau toa c3.i ; he 
 has many protectors, pang hu cliie" klia ; pat 
 it there by the wall. cliui kha e Ifi Hang; 
 
 under a tree enjoying the coolness. kha sng 
 chiu nng; tired as witli very hard work, ti k&i 
 nng kha pe°; has paralysis of the legs. thiu 
 kha kun ; a cramp in the leg. kha thia" b6i 
 kia"; has a sore leg and cannot walk, kia" kaa 
 kha phok phS ; walked till my feet blistered, 
 kha tah liu ; slipped after stepping. sit kha; 
 lost his footing. thak tieh kha; stubbed his 
 toe. uai tieh kha ; wrenched his foot. pe° 
 kha ; drag by the feet. uai tieh kha kut ; 
 
 sprained his ankle, mau kha; to bind the feet 
 loosely in bandages, nih kha kia"; walk with 
 a stealthy gliding step. nih kha nih klia; a 
 stealthy, tortuous motion. ta° kha; set foot 
 on another's shoulder. kha-tah ; a foot-stool. 
 
 "Tjl klia 48 Dextrous; adroit; apt; skillful; 
 *^ V 374 ~2 subtle ; wily ; shrewd ; equal 
 to an emergency ; genius. 
 
 khi-kha ; ingenious. i kuai-kha cai ; he is 
 
 very adroit. knai-kuai kha-kha ; very clever, 
 i to si hue-ngan kha-gu, bo ku sit; his talk is 
 altogether specious, and without a word of 
 truth in it. cia si chiah kha-kang lai co kai ; 
 this was made by clever workmen called from 
 abroad. ie" co lai kha ; of curious workman- 
 ship, i kai sim-su kha cai ; he is very shrewd, 
 ci kai sim-khio ju-keng leng-kha ; this one is 
 still more astute. lai kau tii-tii cho kha ; 
 
 came just in the nick of time. kha-kha ne, 
 
 bo sim-mih toa; intricate in its workmanship, 
 and not very large, i kai naug se" lai soi-kha 
 soi-kha ; she is small and shapely, i si ta"kbd 
 ue ki-chio nang ; he is uttering witioisms, in 
 ridicule, ciu-jit bq su, ciah pa to si td kek-kha; 
 has nothing to do all day, and when he has eat- 
 en all he wants he goes to devising mischief, 
 lang kha, h\vn cwt ; tries to be a genius and 
 turns out a simpleton, kbl-mong siet lai kha; 
 the scheme is a subtle one. kha chi sie" phua" 
 cwt hu min ; a clever woman usually gets a 
 fool for her husband. khut kha coih, si chit 
 giieh chiu chit me"; the festival at which wo- 
 men pray for skill in their handiwork is the 
 night of the seventh day of the seventh month. 
 
 >M> kha 151 How? What? How can? 
 _S» 346 3 Can it be ? 
 
 kha si me ? Can it be ? ua kha m pat i ? Can 
 it be that I do not know him ? kha ho cie"- 
 se°? How can that be desirable ? i kha si 
 
292 
 
 DICTIONART OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 g&n kue lili ? How can ifc be that he is wiser 
 than you ? kha fi chu If? Whence such a 
 
 rule ? lu th6i" kha i7i si sie tang; you consider 
 whether they can be otherwise than identical, 
 i kha ka° r7i l&i ? How could he dare do other- 
 wise than come ? kha jiak cie"-se° keng hd ? 
 How can that be the better way ? hie°-se'' h<5 
 kliachin-chie" c"ie°-Re° h(5 ? H that way is good, 
 why should not this be still better ? 
 
 J^^s^ klia 64 To strike ; to beat upon ; to 
 -=J^ 395 18 rap hard, 
 lui khk ni ciah g{i ; a cow was struck by light- 
 ning jind killed. khieh ki tek-kp khk i kfti 
 thau ; took a baraboo pole and struck hira on 
 the head, kh^ k6 ki"; beat the rim of a drum, 
 tu li khk iTi tieli, khk phua cek kai koi cd ; 
 struck at and did not hit the pig, but broke 
 the fowls' trough instead. 
 
 ^ri khk 64 To rap on ; to knock against ; 
 ^ M 332 8 to discount ; to reckon on the 
 abacus. 
 
 khk mng ; to knock at a door. khk i k/n ; 
 
 drive it tight. khk phua"; break by hitting, 
 lia" kliut i khk pliua" khu; the bowl was broken 
 by his knocking it against something. khk 
 
 phua koi-niig ; break an egg by hitting it upon 
 something when holding it in the hand. c€k 
 ciah chiu khk sng-pua", cek ciah chfu sia jl ; 
 reckoning on the abacus with one hand, and 
 writing with the other. tii tlo jieh c6i 
 
 khk than? How much is to be deducted for 
 discount? khk-tA ; strike off ; cancel ; reckon 
 off. kha tlo ngiin clii ; deduct the amount 
 
 allowed for dollars above standard weight. i 
 to oh khk-sng ; he is learning to reckon on the 
 abacus. ex kp sio lii khk thoi" tiii m6 ; you 
 
 reckon over this account (on the abacus) and 
 see if it is correct. 
 
 ^Jt^ khk 29 Used only with a negative 
 /y^ 394 2 and denotes that the action 
 referred to was impracticable ; had not time for. 
 i b6 khk ciah cix khu ; he went off without stop- 
 ping to eat. me" kau m khk ciah t§ ; in such 
 a hurry that he could not wait to take tea. i 
 ill khk thai i, cp i khu ; he could not wait for 
 her, and went off without her. cp-ni bp khk 
 taug i cp-pu lai ? Why could you not wait for 
 her to come along with you ? ce hiong-huh, 
 bp kha khia h6-cia cu khut ; was in such a flurry 
 that he went off without stopping to get his 
 umbrella. bp khk siu thku ua' kha ; had not 
 time to comb her hair and dress her feet. lu 
 ki" me", via h6 khk sin-sip cu lai ; if you are in 
 a hurry I will come without stopping to put 
 things in order. 
 
 — khah — 
 
 wl^ khah 87 Too ; excessive ; extreme. 
 y»V 848 1 khah kui"; too high, khah 
 ke ; too low. la boi khah toa la boi khah soi, 
 tu-tiihd; is neither too large nor too small, 
 but exactly the right size, mai" Iph khah coi; 
 do not put in too much. mai" khah t5a lak ; 
 do not exert too much force. mai" op khah 
 
 tng ; do not make it too long. mki" ku khah 
 t<5 ; do not saw it off too short. ci hue khah 
 cd; it is now too early, m hd la khah ngkn; do 
 not let it stand till it becomes too cold, khah 
 siap ; so tight as to move with too great 
 friction. 
 
 khah 85 To roll about or over. 
 494 11 Id thd S t6 khah; rolling on 
 the ground. hwn Iki, khah khu ; to wallow, 
 cSk kki i"-i" li-li khah ; a round object con- 
 tinually rolling, kiu lin-lin khah ; the ball 
 rolls over and over. k!u khah kkn i sin pi"; 
 roll the ball to him. pfti cu khah-bua khu ; 
 their shields rolled together, khah kliiin ; to 
 .roll a hexagonal cylinder and see which face is 
 upward when it stops. 
 
 m 
 
 — khai — 
 
 khai 169 To open ; to liberate ; to 
 308 4 enact, as rites, 
 tiang-si ki" khai-ciang ? When will you display 
 your wares? khai kaang; vivify an idol, 
 
 by putting a white dot on its eyes, khai-sek 
 khut i khi ; liberate hira and let him go. b6i 
 tit khai khio ; cannot finish it up. i cp-nl 
 
 khai khau ? What does he say about it ? keng 
 i chfu khai hwt; paid it over into his own 
 hands. m kku khai-hwt hki" nang ; have not 
 sufficient to pay people with. khai-hwt kku 
 cheng-chd; paid up in full, ti-hng khai phek; 
 an open country with a wide view. 
 
 ^ 
 
 khai 75 A model ; a pattern ; an ex- 
 
 362 9 ample ; regular. 
 81 ai" sfa khai cu a si ki" sia hang cu ? Do you 
 want it written in the square characters or in 
 the running hand ? i kai soi khai sia khu 
 
 ngi'a; his small square characters are woU 
 written. ji tieh sia twn-khai ce ; you must 
 
 write your characters more regularly, ci chph 
 ji sia kku khai-khai ; these characters are 
 written very precisely, 
 
 ^M khai 167 Armor. 
 iKSL 308 10 khai-kah ; mailed armor. 
 ta-(^)an kku bti-khai bii-khai ; dressed in coats 
 of mail, cheng cp bii-khai ; wearing armor. 
 
DICTIONART OF THB SWATOW DIALECT, 
 
 293 
 
 i?l|t khdi 16 A victory ; the triumphant 
 ^W 808 10 return of an array, 
 cau kbai inp; Ifii ; celebrate a victorious return, 
 ii-tiang-si cia° hd kbai-swn ; when we return 
 in triumph. 
 
 Jfi|| kbai 18 Assiduously; diligently ; fully. 
 ^U 307 10 kbai-cbiet ; with assiduity, 
 ko-si ta" lai kbai-cbiet cSi ; tbe proclamation 
 sets it forth very fully, khai-kbai chiet-chiet 
 hio-ju peh-se"; let all the people clearly under- 
 stand this (a phrase common in edicts). 
 
 g^H SH kbai-ju To covet ; to envy ; to 
 H>yL ^/U 1124 desire to obtain, though 
 by foul means. 
 
 n&ng Ip kbai-ju i kai ti-hng ; people envy him 
 the possession of bis place, ceng nang rii ka" 
 kbai-ju ; others dare not aspire to tbe posses- 
 sion of it. i ce c}e°-se" narg cu se" kbai-ju 
 kai sira ; if he acts thus, people will have their 
 envy aroused. 
 
 m 
 
 kbai 75 To sum up ; a resume. 
 
 307 11 tai-kbai ; in general ; gener- 
 ally speaking ; on the whole, tSi-kbai si 
 cie°-se° kai \-fu ; in a general way, that is the 
 meaning of it. ua put kue ta° kai tS,i-khai ; I 
 tell you only what it is in a general way. cek 
 kbai u jieh coi ? When summed Tip, how much 
 is there altogether ? 
 
 mPT* tli^i ^ Generous ; honorable, 
 \Mi 309 11 kbai tbang! What a pity! 
 How sad ! ci kai nang kbang kbai ; this man 
 is disinterested. i si kbang-khang khai-kbai 
 kai nang cp u cie°-se ? If be is disinterested 
 how does it happen that this has come to pass? 
 
 
 — kbai" — 
 
 kbai" 107 Blackness of the skin, 
 392 6 i kai min kbai"-kbai"-o ; 
 his face is very black. i si se° lai kai min 
 
 khai-kbai-o, a si ko kai min khai-kbai-o ? Is 
 his face naturally black, or has he blackened it? 
 
 — khak — 
 
 khak 112 Solid; firm; in truth; really; 
 411 11 verily. 
 ii tek-khak kai sin a bo ? Is there reliable 
 news or not ? lia thia" tieh ci'a su hwn-lio hue 
 tek-khak ; I judge from the hearing, that there 
 is as yet no trustworthy evidence concerning 
 this affair, cia si tek-tek khak-khak kai ceng- 
 ku ; this is substantial proof, khak-sit si cie - 
 se" me ? Is it really so ? khak-khak sit-sit 
 
 kai ; what ia verily so. sim kau khak chak. 
 
 cu twn ; adjudicate till trustworthy evidence 
 is obtained, and then decide the case. sui si 
 sira kui hue biie sira chut u khak-khak cbak- 
 chak kai ch^ng-beng ; although the case has 
 been tried several tiroes, reliable evidence has 
 not yet been brought out in the trial. 
 
 ^Hi khak 79 The shell of mollusks ; the 
 ,/lt^ 412 8 husk or covering of fruits ; 
 exuviae of snakes ; a hard outer covering, 
 ku khak ; tortoise shell, khang-khak kai; hol- 
 low; empty, tbau-khak ; the cranium, thau- 
 khak tbia"; headache. tbau-khak bin ; dizzy, 
 lo-khak ; spiral shells. ham-khak ; scallop 
 
 shells, bau-khak ; shell of the king crab. g6- 
 ci khak; cocoa-nut shell. tSu khak ; pea-pods, 
 cia si khak hue a pi sap hue ? Is this lime made 
 from whole or from broken sea shells ? koi- 
 nng khak; egg shells. khang-khak chin ; a 
 hollow tree, ke kau khang-khak ; consists 
 
 wholly of pretence. io, kai min rh tieh khieh 
 kfi,i sio-kui-khak lai ti ; then you better get a 
 mask to cover your face. cua pak khak ; the 
 cast skin of a serpent, ci kS.i roin-khak tie lS.i 
 sio ; this face is made very lifelike, 
 
 iJ5S khak 120 A knot, 
 'l^fj^ 194 15 tbam kai khak ; tie a knot, 
 ai" tbam iiah khak a tham si khak ? Shall I 
 tie a slip-knot or a fixed knot ? ai" toi", tieh 
 tbam ke no kai khak ; if you want it to be 
 firm, you must tie two knots more, lu k§.i 
 
 khak co-ni pak, lia koi ili chut ? How have 
 you tied this knot, that I cannot untie it? 
 khak tham m kin cu ai" lut ; if the knot is not 
 tightly tied it will slip, bo kiie bo khak; no 
 bunches nor knots in it. 
 
 *^ khak 30 To cough and hawk in or- 
 429 9 der to remove something 
 from the throat. 
 
 khak chut lai kai nua" thi-thi ; raised some 
 viscid phlegm, 
 
 ^^ khak 173 The Asiatic cholera. 
 'TT^ 267 8 kbak-lvvn ; cholera, vi cek 
 ie" ceng kie-cp kang-kbak-lvvn, ia boi tbo ia 
 boi sia, pi bu khi kbak-lvvn keng li-bai; there is 
 a disease called the dry cholera, in which there 
 is neither vomiting nor purging, and which 
 is still moi'o dangerous than the other sort. 
 
 khak 199 Barm. 
 
 458 6 sin-khah te; a medicine for 
 colds, brought from Cbincbew near Amoy. 
 ua kia lu khu chwn-ciu kp boi ce sin-khak lai ; 
 I send by you to Cbincbew to buy some medi- 
 cine for colds, ang khak ; upland rice, which 
 reddens the dishes in which it is cooked. 
 
 m 
 
294 
 
 DICTIONART OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 khak 140 The leaves of a legume 
 257 16 used for fodder. 
 khak-hio° leng pheli tlo ue-kh^ ; blsliopwort 
 will drive off iufection. im-Ie°-kliak ; the 
 
 spinous leaved aspen. 
 
 — khara — 
 
 4fHl kham 82 Adequate ; worthy ; fib for. 
 *^k 314 9 r7i kham cie"-se°; not worthy 
 of it. cfa put kham cai ; very nnwortliy of 
 
 this, m khara tit tieh i kfti si'e"; undeserving 
 of his rewards, kham eng co kaa"; fit to make 
 use of as an officer. slu kho l&ng kham; have 
 greater suffering than can be borne. kham- 
 kai p-l<5; worthy of praise, kham-kai cie"-8e"; 
 deserving of this. 
 
 kham 212 A shrine to hold ancestral 
 314 6 tablets, or images, 
 kham ai" ua°-pang tl-ko ? Where will you set 
 up the shrine ? no plii" kham mn^j ; the two 
 doors of a large cupboard in which the ancestral 
 tablets are kept. i kai c6-kong sai tu kham 
 teng; his ancestral tablets are set up in the 
 shrine. cwn c6 cek kai kham lai sai lau-ia"; 
 make to order a shrine to set gods in. ci ktli 
 Bin-kham tieh leng-ua° siu-s!p ; this shriue for 
 idols must be renovated. 
 
 -Vr*" kham 82 
 -yV 315 4 
 eight diagrams. 
 i cie"-si khiim-kho 
 cie"-si kham-kham 
 
 A pit ; a snare ; a critical 
 time ; the second of the 
 
 m 
 
 he is now not at all well. 
 
 khd-khp to t7i ju-i; now 
 in the midst of difficulties, with everything 
 adverse to his wishes. kut kai kham ; dig a 
 dangerous pit. kliara kliiie si sok ciii ; the 
 
 second of the eight diagrams pertains to water. 
 
 kham 112 To fell ; to chop. 
 315 4 khara chlu liah ci'o ; fell a 
 tree in order to catch the bird that is in it. i 
 kai to cii kham khu, khara sie" tieh i kai 
 chiu; in bringing down his knife it slipped 
 and wounded his hand, kham m 16h ; cannot 
 chop with it. 
 
 khkm 19 To compare evidence ; to 
 315 9 personally examine, 
 thek che khii khara ; dispatch an officer to ex- 
 amine into the case. ch6-kham raeng-peh lio ; 
 have investigated the case thoroughly. chi'a" 
 kua° lai kham-thoi"; invite an official examina- 
 tion, si ui lii-vva lai khara a si cia"-tn? ka-ki 
 lai khara ? Was a deputy sent to take the 
 evidence, or did the magistmte himself come 
 to personally examine into the case ? kham 
 mng; cross question. m kau ti-hng ko khara 
 to m h<5 twn ; without going to the place to 
 
 compare the evidence, the case cannot be 
 decided. khut gu-su bua kham chut lai; it 
 was ferreted out by the censor. no nang lai 
 tiii khara cu cfe ta"; if both come U)gether 
 and cotnpare the texts there will be fewer 
 mistakes. ciang-khiim chang-bo ; remeasure 
 the extent of the field. 
 
 To 
 
 to roof in ; a 
 
 khkra 140 to cover; 
 307 10 cover, 
 khara-au ; a large covered bowl. si ai" khkm- 
 au-kia° a si ai" toa khara-au ? Is it a small or 
 a large covered bowl that is wanted ? lai h6 
 c6k toa kharn-au cnt-bf pn^ ; go and offer (to 
 the gods) a large bowl of boiled glutinons rice 
 (as a gift after the birth of a son). chu-teng 
 c€ng kham hia a bue ? Are the tiles laid in the 
 roof yet? khut chlu hiuh kham kaa nii"-mi°; 
 wholly concealed by the overhanging foliage. 
 thi"-si juah cii, tieh lai khkra p6-phang; the 
 weather is very hot, and we mast have an awn- 
 ing put up. ci kai khara khah soi, khkm m 
 rai°; this conical cover is too small, it does no(> 
 fit tightly, khieh tia"-kham khu kham; put the 
 cover on the iron pan. ciii kng tieh cai kham 
 mi"; be sure and cover the water jar closely. 
 b6i kai ciii-kng kham ; buy a water-j vr cover, 
 ci kai kh^m si pin b<5i kai, a si cwn co kai ? 
 Was this cover a ready made one, or was it 
 made to order ? ISng-sn^-kham khara khu cu 
 slang mi"; if you cover it with the st«amer 
 cover, it will exactly fit. boi kai tang-thaa 
 puah lai klikra tang-thau ; buy a pot cover to 
 cover the pickle pot. tum-puah, la si iTi khkra, 
 pd cXi tit sek? If you do not cover the wide 
 mouthed pot, how can the things cooking in it 
 be thoroughly cooked ? khan phue toa"; cover 
 with the coverlet cover, hu-kp u kham-phang 
 a bo ? Is there any awning there ? kham lio 
 khah km; when it was roofed in it was too dark. 
 
 khara 146 To cover, as with a concave 
 151 12 vessel ; to overshadow, 
 thi" khara ti ; the heavens cover the earth., 
 khieh kai t«-au lai khara ; take a covered cup 
 and cover it. tin-to khara; invert it and use 
 it for covering. khieh kai ua° khu to-kham ; 
 cover it with an inverted bowl, kham to i sit 
 e ; sheltered under its wings. 
 
 kham 82 A dangerous bank ; a pre- 
 316 11 cipitous ledge; a cliff, 
 biie kau khara kha ; has not yet reached the 
 bank, hu-kp si kia khara; there is a steep bank 
 there, khia to kham kha to tang ; stood wait- 
 ing on the bank, chang khara ; a ledge beside 
 a field. t(5 khoi khara-kha teng tie°liu ; on the 
 bank of the river fishing with hook and line. 
 
DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 295 
 
 ^ kliSra 167 Large brass cymbals. 
 )l^ 616 12 toa lo-k6 si p6ih 16, si khara; 
 in a large brass band there are eight gongs, 
 and four pairs of cymbals. phah toa khSm, 
 
 phah h'o khom-khom-kie ; sound the great 
 cymbals, and hear their clash. 
 
 pj^ khara 169 The noise of shutting or 
 jZpJ j,Qj^ g opening a door, 
 raai" khara mng; do not bang the door. t\-kp 
 kai rang khain-khSm-kie ? What door is it 
 that is banging ? 
 
 — khang — 
 
 JK l" khang-khue Labor; work. 
 ly\. i ^ 460 i to CO khang-khue ; 
 
 he is at work. i kai khang-khiie lo tng cfti ; 
 he is able to do a vast amount of work. ciu 
 jit giap-giap to si CO khang-khue ; is at work 
 incessantly all day long. i to to mih khang- 
 khiie ? What sort of work is he doing ? ci kfii, 
 chii i kai khang-khiie lo ho ; take this one on 
 account of his ability to work. cho khang- 
 
 khue ; coarse work. 
 
 ^r\^ khang 116 Empty; vacant; unoccupied. 
 1*'^ 464 3 khang chu ; an empty 
 house. pho i"-keng pua" khang hai" lia h'o ; 
 everything is moved out from the shop, and it 
 is delivered over to me. iTi h6 sai i khang 
 
 chfu tng khu ; do not send him back empty 
 handed, ham ke nang cau kau khang-khang ; 
 the whole family have run away. khang- 
 
 khak ; hollow. ci kai ge-ci khang-khang 
 
 khak-khak, bo nek ; this cocoa-nut is perfectly 
 hollow, and has no meat in it. tang mng- 
 
 khi-ca ciah kau ta" tiig khang to khang ; 
 since breakfast this morning my stomach has 
 remained unfilled. cek sie" mueh khut chak 
 thau kau khang-khang ; the whole trunkf ul 
 of things was taken by the thief, and nothing 
 left. khang ti ; unoccupied land. khang 
 
 chui ta", bo thoi" cheh ; say it ofiE without 
 looking at your book. khang pak ; an empty 
 belly. boi kau khang-khang ; all sold off. 
 
 sai i td khang sie"; set him to vainly wishing, 
 chi'a m khang ; have no unemployed hand ; 
 am busy. 
 
 jT.! khang 39 A hole ; an orifice ; an 
 -J^W 465 1 aperture. 
 cam khang ; the eye of a needle. uai phl"- 
 
 khang mo"; dig the hairs from the nostrils, 
 hi" khang ; the ear passages. khang kia"; a 
 very small orifice. liu kai khang ; dig a hole, 
 hu kai khang u jieh chim ? How deep is that 
 hole ? khui kai khang khut i thong khi; 
 
 make an aperture for ventilation. .sic thio 
 
 chak khang; reckon the number of pillars and 
 then chisel out the mortises. mak khang 
 
 khuah ; has large eyes. sua" khang ; a cave, 
 cua khang ; a serpent's hole. nio-chu khang ; 
 rat-holes. m6ng tioh b6 khang b6 uh ; could 
 feel no crevices. khang stin tau lai m kfn ; 
 
 the mortise and tenon are not tightly joined, 
 bun j!p khang ; wriggled into his hole. 
 
 khang 93 To haul along, to pull, to 
 388 7 lead, to lug in, to induce, 
 no nang sie khang chi'u to kia"; the two were 
 pulling each other along by the hand. khang 
 i kia"; pull him along by the hand, khang guj 
 lead a buffalo by a rope, ci kia" su khang-lien 
 kau toa bp mueh n3,ng ; this affair compromises 
 a great number of people. lia kio i bo khang 
 bo khua; I am in no way connected with him. 
 khang-mang; haul along, khang-khieh kau i 
 seng jin ; help him on till he is of age. khang 
 ciah kaa ; lead a monkey about. cu si khang 
 kau loll iu thng ; it is leading a dog to the 
 frying pan. cu si i to khang-in; it is he who 
 brings it upon us. 
 
 Jt^^ khang 64 To lead by the hand. 
 47^ 179 10 khang i kai chi'a ; lead 
 him by the hand. no nang sie khang chi'u ; 
 
 the two took hold of hands. khang i cp-pu 
 
 khu ; lead him along with you. khang a-no°- 
 kia"; to lead a child. khang- thoa i lai ; pull 
 him along by the hand. 
 
 XJ^ khang 120 To tow ; to connect by a 
 /p^ 388 11 cord. 
 
 khieh tio sua" lai khang i tiie ; take a thread 
 and join it on. khieh tio soh-kia" lai khang; 
 take a cord and tow it after. 
 
 khang 53 A healthy body and quiet 
 320 8 mind, 
 i laa n&ng jieh khang-kien ! What a hale old 
 man he is ! lu lS,u nang kai khi-thoi khang- 
 kien cSi ; venei-able sir, you are very hale and 
 hearty. khang-hi ji-tfen ii sa-cap gua png, u 
 sa° si bwn ji. Khang Hi's dictionary is iu 
 
 over thirty volumes and contains thirty or forty- 
 thousand chai-acters. 
 
 khang 61 Magnanimous ; decided in 
 320 11 a good cause ; generous, 
 ci kai nang c9,p-huu khang-khai ; this person 
 is very public-spirited. i kwn-thS,i nang to si 
 khang-khang khai-khai ; he always treats one 
 with great liberality. ci kai li khah khang- 
 khai, hu kai li khah nioh-sioh ; this one is too 
 liberal, and that one is too narrow minded. 
 
29G 
 
 DICTIONABT OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 J at kliang 109 The depression in the face 
 5 480 6 where the eye is. 
 mAk khang o-o ; dark circles around the eyes, 
 rank khang ehim-chira ; the eyes sunken. 
 
 'ptr khang 116 Blank ; to leave a Bpace; 
 '^CT 4G4 ~8~ an interval; a deficit ; un- 
 employed. 
 
 u in khang pSh ; previously stamped in blank, 
 ci cek kai gueh b6 cek jit 6i khang; this month 
 there is not a day unoccupied. sim khu i c6 
 16h khang cu toah phah ; continued the trial 
 till there was an interim and then threatened 
 and beat him. cio"-si cQ khang ku-a jit b6 co; 
 lately there was an interval of sevei-al days 
 when nothing was done. klihng kili keh Ho, 
 cia° \ix\ sfa; leave one space empty and then 
 write. i l^ai ue ta" lai boi I6h khang ; he 
 
 talked on without any pause, khi chun u cek 
 ko khang ti ; after building, a piece of unused 
 ground was left. 
 
 pEi khkng 22 A wide couch ; a divan. 
 |/H 320 T khang-ki, tie" c6 jieh c6i ci'? 
 How much did you pay apiece for the divan 
 tables ? lia hi" co tie toa khang-chng; I wish 
 to make a divan. khkng-chng teng pai tie" 
 khang-kf ; on the divan was a divan table. i 
 la i c5 khang, i m kii" c6 ; he pressed him to 
 sit on the divan, but he would not presume 
 to do so. 
 
 nH khang 109 To look at with displeasure. 
 PpJ 449 ~f m&k khang-khang t6 thoi" 
 i ; glared at him. lu thoi" i kai mak khang- 
 khang, i si heng i k&i ie"; see how he looks at 
 him askance, as if he hated him. 
 
 "■|5r^ khkng 8 Excessive ; violent ; strong. 
 J U 320 2 thi"-6i khah khang ua"; the 
 season is one of excessive drought. ci kai tl- 
 hng khah khang iang ; this placo is excessively 
 bare and destitute of shade. i kai meh khah 
 khang iang ; his pulse is very high. i co lai 
 put pui, put khang, khap-khap hah loi; he was 
 neither obsequious nor arrogant, but simply 
 polite. 
 
 l^-Jl* khang 86 To dry by a fire ; to toast ; 
 pj\j 320 T a brick bed. 
 khieh khu hue teng khang ; put it by the fire 
 and dry it. ci'a khang lai m so ; this is not 
 toasted enough to make it crisp. khang 
 
 kau chiah-pauh chiah-pauh ; toast it till it is 
 brown, phah h ue khang ; make a brick bed, 
 under which a slow fire may be made, to keep 
 the bed warm. 
 
 khang 64 To resist ; to oppose ; to 
 _ 321 4 rebel against, 
 kijsuig ku ; Rtand in opposition. khang ci ; 
 
 resist the will of the emperor. i khang nie 
 
 jieh kii li'o ; how long has he refused to pay 
 the land tax. i co-ni kii" khang kiia"? How- 
 dare he resist the magistrate ? i la si khang 
 twn 111 cun cu tieh phah ; if he resists and 
 refuses to obey he must be beaten. 
 
 khang 109 To examine ; to take a. 
 31G 4 careful view of. 
 khkng-8ie"; take a careful view. ce soi sim 
 
 khhng-Rie" cu cai ; if you consider it carefully 
 you will know. i7i khhng-sie" to m cai ; with- 
 out examination of it, I cannot know. 
 
 khllng 64 To hold in both hands, as 
 159 8 in offering to a superior, 
 khu kku, i cQ khftng td lai ciah ; when we ar- 
 rived she brought tea for us to diink. cho c6 
 cfik thaiig-piia" khang lai ; put thorn all on a 
 salver and bring them. 
 
 :^^ khang 18 To engrave blocks for print- 
 y fj 314 8 ing. 
 
 khftng a p6i" a bo? Are there blocks for 
 printing it ? klulng-kheh buu-ji ; to engrave 
 characters on wood. 
 
 — khap — 
 iJi. khap 9 To lie with the face down- 
 ^\ 152 4 wards. 
 
 lu ai" At iTi h<5 khap loh khu ; if you are going 
 to lie down do not lie on your face, i khap td 
 ut ; he is lying face downward. 
 
 f^ khap 181 To hang the head. 
 K 16 "i2 thau khap-khap, i7i ka° tie" 
 phu ; hung his head, and would not look up. 
 kia" 15, than khap-khap ; going along with his 
 head hung down, i ki° tieh cu-nie hue than cu 
 khap-loh; if he sees a woman he hangs his head. 
 
 •^y^ khap 140 To impress; to set a seal. 
 jnL 307 lo" khieh khu khap in ; take it 
 and set a seal on it, or have it printed. nie 
 lio, ci min teng khap kai in ; when you have 
 measured it set a seal on the upper surface, 
 in ai" co-ni khap ? What sort of an impression 
 do you want to set upon it ? khap kai in to 
 i sin teng ; set a mark on his person. 
 
 4- ^j^ khap 64 To cover with the hand, 
 "jJIlL 430 lO khap kiii kai kap-kiu lai 
 ciah ; caught under the hand a few frogs to 
 eat. khap chau-rae" chi koi ; catch grass- 
 
 I hoppers to feed the fowls. khap tieh kai hd> 
 I bin; caught a fly by putting the hand over it. 
 
DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 297 
 
 iM^ klinp 61 Opportnnelj ; to the pur- 
 IP 357 "6" pose; fitly. 
 c\e°-se'' CO cu kljnp lang; that is jnst the thing 
 to do. khap lip ngp t!eh moiig na.ng lai cia" 
 cai ; it happened very opportunely that a cer- 
 tain person just then came and made the thing 
 known to us. co kaa khap hd kai ui-chu ; 
 
 prepared a suitable place. 
 
 khap 169 The whole ; the entire 
 218 10 body of. 
 khap kun kong khi; the whole department 
 unites in this public notice. khap ip kai sin 
 iu long-cong khu lau jiru ; all the gentry and 
 literati of the place have gone to perform the 
 duties of their offices. 
 
 kl)fip 112 To hit against. 
 WSBSL 430 To khap thau ; khSp thau 
 khap hiah; bumped their heads together, khap 
 sa" e thau ; lay the forehead on the floor 
 three times. puah loh khu khap tieh min ; 
 
 fell and hit his face, oi khap hueh lau a boi ? 
 Did the concuFsion cause bleeding ? i kai 
 
 thau khap kan kai a°; he bumped his head so 
 hard as to make a bruise. 
 
 khap 10 To fear ; to forbear from ; 
 406 1*2 cautious, 
 kia" kau khap-khap-sih ; in an agony of fear. 
 
 "T/k^ khap 64 To strike, to knock. 
 
 7/V 315 T no nang khap thoi" tl-tiang 
 Ia°; they are seeing which of the two can out- 
 do the other in a fight. 
 
 — khan — 
 
 A lot, 
 paper. 
 
 made of wood or 
 
 khan 191 
 412 J7 
 sia CO kui liap khau lai khieh cu ho tu-phi°; 
 write a few lots and draw from them, then 
 there will be no partiality shown, liam khau ; 
 draw lots. jue khau ; make lots by twisting 
 slips of paper, koih khau ; pick out a lot with 
 chopsticks. lu kai khau si khieh tieh sim- 
 
 mueh ? What did you draw, as your lot ? 
 khau thau-khui lai thoi" si khieh tieh ti-kp ? 
 When you tore open your lot and saw what was 
 written therein, to what place did it assign 
 you ? khieh khau, khieh tieh lia lai khu; 
 
 drew lots, and in the drawing I got the one 
 which indicated who was to go. hu kai ti- 
 
 hng kai khau khieh tieh tl-tiang ? To whom 
 did the lot which had the name of that place 
 written on it, fall. khu lau-Ia" k6 lok khau ; 
 go before the god and shake the lots. 
 
 -I ^^ khau 64 To scratch ; to claw; to rake 
 1 ^ 726 io with the nails or claws, 
 khau phiia phue; clawed so as to tear the skin, 
 khut i khau kau no sa" tio hun ; was scratched 
 by him so as to leave two or three marks of 
 the nails. khan kau ku-a leh ; scratched him 
 and left several scratches. khau ko thftu- 
 
 khiu kai i sak loh khu ; scratch off a fleck of 
 dandruff and stop the orifice with it. khan 
 thau-khak; to scratch the head. 
 
 ?t 
 
 khau 140 The hollow culm of a species 
 331 4 of onion, 
 meh khau ; a medical term for an irregular 
 pulse, which is thought to be hollow like an 
 onion stalk. i kai meh khau, cia°-cia° si sit 
 hueh k&i meh ; her pulse is irregular, and is 
 plainly like the pulse of one who has lost blood. 
 
 Pkhau 30 The mouth ; an opening ; a 
 331 pass ; a gap ; verbally ; by 
 word ; a classifier. 
 
 u jieh coi nang khau ? How many persons 
 are there? che nang-terg ho-khau ; take a 
 census. ho khau-chai ; fluent in speech, 
 
 khau ciah; food, khau si, sim hui ; the mouth 
 assents, while the heart dissents. phai i khu 
 khia khau cu ; depute him to attend to affairs 
 at that port. toa" si ciah no khau hun tia", 
 
 pat su m ka"; only smoke two pipes of opium, 
 and would dare do no other [unlawful] 
 thing. pak khnu gua ; beyond the Great 
 
 Wall, hai ciii khau ; an estuary, kangkhau; 
 a harbour. khau ho ; a vocal signal, a pass- 
 word, kio i khau kak ; disputed with him. 
 khau nle ; rations. khau bit, pak kiam ; with 
 honeyed words, and harmful de.signs. i kia 
 khau-sin lai ta"; he sent a verbal message. i 
 nang kai ke-khau khuah ; they have a large 
 family. ang chiii-khau ; the mouth of a jar. 
 ham khang-khau ; the mouth of a sewer. cu 
 to mng kha khau ; stopped just outside the 
 door, hang khau ; the end of the lane, phak 
 to i hi"-khang-khau kp ta"; bent over whisper- 
 ing in his ear. khau leng ; oratory. kang 
 khau ; articulation, i kai tun au khau cih ta" 
 khu hun-meng ; his articulation is very dis- 
 tinct, cek khau phfjn ; a grave. khau gu ; 
 brogue ; mode of speaking. ke cek khau, na- 
 na cau ; with another mouth in the family, 
 there are many more steps to be taken, khua- 
 khau ; to boast, i hau" khua toa khau; he is 
 very boastful, ci'a si khua-khau kai ue; this is 
 braggadocio. cp cek khau ti, cp tio cek choi" 
 ^gV" 5 spent a thousand dollars in making a 
 burial place, hai-lp siu khau ; seal skin cuffs, 
 ng-khau ; the bottom of a sleeve ; a cuff. io 
 
298 
 
 DlCTlOKARr OF TfiE SWaTOW DIAtECt. 
 
 kliau ; an important pass. t6a pia" khu t& 
 
 kliau ; lead troops to defend the pass. cbara- 
 che 16 khau ; c ros.s- roads ; the point where 
 several roads meet. ui khau ; the pyloru.s. 
 
 khiii ui-khau kai mueh ; aids to digestion, 
 ciah klida hun ce ; take a smoke. ua ka-ki 
 
 mng-kha hu-khau ko co ; stay and sit by one's 
 own door. se°-khau ; a carcass. ngu se"- 
 khau c6i ; the five carcasses are all prepared, 
 khan im ; pronunciation. c{a si tl-ko kai khaa 
 im ? In what place do they pronounce their 
 words in this way ? khda kak h6 ; clear 
 
 enunciation. khau p3h ho ; has a pleasant 
 
 mode of telling things ; eloquent. 
 
 To question, as candidates 
 at a competitive examina- 
 
 khau 125 
 327 6' 
 tioTi ; ancestors, 
 khau mng i k&i cu ; examine hira in his 
 lessons. sue khau ; an examination at which 
 candidates for both literary and military 
 degrees are examined. khue khau ; an ex- 
 
 amination of candidates for literary degrees. 
 tS,i khau ; the triennial examination. i'-keng 
 khau-ngiam kue ; already examined, do" sla 
 khau-chi ; go to the city to the examination. 
 kui° khau ; the examinations at the District 
 city. hu kliau; the examinations at the De- 
 partmental city. cong-su khau ; examination 
 by the Imperial Commissioner. soi" khau ; 
 
 ray deceased father. leh 16 kai c6 kluiu pf ; 
 
 remote ancestors. che-khau ; to .search out. 
 
 b6 h(5 ki khau; there is no good evidence for it. 
 
 'JH khau 93 Bounty money ; to reward 
 
 M 327 10 with a treat, 
 khuu-sfe" sam kun ; to confer bounties on the 
 army. raeng khim-che toa much lai khau- 
 
 si'e" kuu-sQ ; command an ambassador to take 
 articles and confer largess upon the soldiery. 
 
 khdu 64 To extort a confession, as 
 327 6 by torture, 
 liah i lai khau- miig ; seize and examine hira 
 by torture. ko i eng sai heng khau-phah i ; 
 
 charged him with having used private means 
 of torturing hira to make him confess. sai- 
 
 khia-e liah khu khau-phah ; privately seized 
 and beat hira to make him confess. 
 
 H\*^ khau 80 To cry ; to wail ; to weep ; 
 ^'^ 455 7 to bemoan, 
 i to khau mih su ? What is she crying about? 
 than kia" than khau ; crying as he went, mai" 
 khau ; don't cry. lu khau cp-ni ? Why do 
 
 you weep ? khau kau choih ; cried so hard as 
 to sob. khau kau cham cS,i ; weeping bitterly, 
 khku in kheng hiah; would not stop crying. 
 t6" khau; pretend to weep, ai-khau; lament. 
 
 thu" khau ; mourn. kh^n a bo iah j it is at 
 no use to cry about it. khaa-thi"; thi°-kh<\u : 
 thi°-thi° khku-khku; cry and sob. t*afig sia 
 tai khau ; began to cry aloud. raong boi tieh 
 kua"-clia-thaa cu khau; began to wail before 
 he touched the coffin. plio id li-k\vn khau ; 
 php tieh li-li khau; clasped it and gave himself 
 up to moaning, thia" tieh si khau sia"; heard 
 the sound of weeping, khau m chut sia"; weep 
 noiselessly. kiii phaa sin hau ; demons moan 
 and spirits clamor, hai i khaa kau a"-a"-kie; 
 made him cry and scream. mai" pin-tng i 
 
 khaa ; do not tease him and make him cry. 
 khau ktiu iQi ; crying with many tears, khau 
 m co"; will not stop the noise of his crying. 
 
 khku 175 To depend upon; to rely on. 
 
 327 7 kbku-ciang 1^ kai lak; trust 
 to your strength. thong ke to si kliku- 
 
 ciang cf kai kfa"; the whole family depend on 
 this son. ci kai uang khau m cu ; this person 
 is not to be depended upon. chwn khiu cia 
 pho td hua" ke, b6 pat le' chut suk ; depends 
 wholly on this shop for the support of the 
 family, and has no other source of income, ifi 
 chu c'U gua b6 kai nang h<5 khau ; besides thia 
 one, there is no person to depend upon. 
 
 •^W khiu 64 To deduct; to discount; a 
 IM 332 8 skein. 
 
 khau p6 ; narrow cotton cloth. khau ngS 
 
 khau ; take off five per cent discount. khau- 
 tA ; to subtract, soi'-soi" cu khut i khau khi ; 
 it was deducted by him beforehand, kliau jieh 
 coi long, khau jieh coi kieh ? How much is to 
 be deducted for commission, and for freight? 
 cek khku sua"; a skein of thread. 
 
 '^ 
 
 khau 86 To dry by a fire. 
 327 6 khau i ta"; lay it by the fire 
 and dry it. tieh raaug hue khua-khna khan ; 
 dry it gradually by a slow fire. khau lai ju 
 ta jii h(5 ; the more thoroughly you dry it the 
 better. pang huang-16 bue cia" h(5 khau ; put 
 it over the earthen stove when the fire is 
 nearly out, and then it will dry. khau m so ; 
 it is not dried crisp. 
 
 ^ |~| khau 167 A clasp ; to clasp. 
 
 $ J-l 332 3 cang tang khau lai kh^u ; 
 
 use brass clasps and clasp it. 
 
 ttrt khau 30 To strike the bead on the 
 "I"* 333 '2 ground as in worship, 
 khau than; khau si'u; the ceremony of kneeling 
 and putting the forehead on the ground. sa 
 kui kau khau tliau ; thrice kneeling and nine 
 times knocking the head. khau-ki°j to visit 
 a superior. 
 
DICTION ART OF THK SWATOW DIALECt. 
 
 2if9 
 
 — khe" — 
 
 khe" 32 A pit ; a giilcb ; a quarry. 
 
 323 4 khe" khiun ; a pit. sua" 
 
 khe"; a ravine. ham khe"; a pitfall. ci tio 
 khe" ciii chong <i ko lai ? Where does the 
 water of this creek come from ? si chii kS.i 
 
 khe" kau ciii long-cong mua"; the creeks and 
 ditches are everywhere full to overflowing, 
 cek poi" si kia sua", cek poi" si chim khe"; on 
 one hand is a steep hillside, and on the other 
 a deep gorge. lau khe" i"; an ink stone made 
 from a water-worn pebble. hfara-hi'am piiah 
 loll khe"; come near falling into the trench. 
 cI"-ngU!i chut kho khe"; hardly earned money, 
 puah loll ngun khe", toh bo ngun me"; tumbled 
 into a silver mine, and did not pick up a bit 
 of silver. ju ip khfig khe" cek ie"; a game 
 
 like " magic music." thunlihe"; fill up a pit. 
 khe" ciii ki-ki lau ; the brook gurgles on. 
 
 — kheh — 
 
 ^pL kheh 196 The pie, jackdaw and 
 P»^ 998 8 similar birds, 
 
 kheh-ci'o; the magpie, klieh-cio lai po hi; the 
 magpie comes to bring good tidings; is a bird 
 of good omen. kheh-ci'o mia"-ke coli tau; the 
 magpie is skillful in the construction of a nest. 
 
 ^>|»^ kheh 40 A guest ; a stranger ; an 
 -"^^ 429 6 alien ; a customer. 
 
 u nUng-kheh lai ; a visitor has come. ai" khu 
 CO nang-kheh ; am going out to pay a visit, 
 hiah kheh tiara ; put up, at an inn. i sim si 
 ho kheh-cheng ; he is very hospitable. te- 
 kheh; a tea-buyer or a guest who is fond of tea. 
 kheh-hiie ; goods belonging to another person 
 placed here on sale, kheh-pang; guest-room, 
 nang kheh thia"; a reception room. kheh- 
 
 nang; kheh-ke; Hakkas. kheh ue; the Hakka 
 dialect, kheh cun; a Hakka boat, chia" nang- 
 kheh ; invite company. chui kheh ; to hasten 
 a guest in coming. sang kheh ; accompany a 
 guest a short distance when he departs. pue 
 kheh ; entertain a guest, siang kheh ; traders, 
 kheh ti ; a trading post. i f p tng ciah kheh ; 
 he is a hanger on, mai" .se° kheh than; do not 
 stand upon ceremony ; make your.self at home, 
 pai kheh; make a call, to si kia" kheh soi" pai 
 CO kheh ; the latest comer pays the first visit, 
 ci-hue to hue kheh ; is just now receiving a 
 guest, sin kheh; a new comer, lau kheh; one 
 who has been in the place for a long time. iSu 
 hwn kheh ; one who has long been in foreign 
 parts, cih kheh ; to welcome a guest. i to 
 
 cih-tah nang-kheh ; she is receiving visitors. 
 i kai hang mien-eng tieh kheh ci"; that firm 
 has no need to borrow money from outsiders. 
 
 — khek — 
 
 khek 64 To attack; to rush upon. 
 395 13 ceng nang hue c6i kong 
 khek i ; they all met in a body and charged 
 upon him. lu-khek ; a lieutenant-colonel. 
 
 khek 18 To carve ; to chisel ; to 
 ^'J 430 6 sculpture; the eighth part of 
 a CiiinesG hour, or fifteen minutes ; a little 
 while; oppressive; griping, 
 tio-khek ; to carve. khek ngo-siang ; carve 
 
 images, khek ji ; engrave letters, khieh khu 
 khek-in-pho kp khek ; take it to the engraver 
 and get it engraved, khek kai mia" phien; en- 
 grave a stamp for stamping the name on visit- 
 ing cards. khek lai in hin ; is not so cut as to 
 give a clear impression, si ai" khek cp cha-p6i°, 
 a si eng in-p6i" ? Will you use wooden blocks 
 for printing it, or will yon use lead type ? 
 ci-hue si sira-mih si-kliek ? What time is ifc 
 now ? ha,ng si hang khek cu ai" kai ; want ifc 
 at exactly the set time. khek e kai kuang- 
 keng hp me? Are the immediate prospects 
 good ? 61-khek bo hiah; incessant, put kue ke 
 cek khek kai kang-hu; there remains only what 
 can be done in a very little while longer, cie" 
 si khek, e si khek ; the first four quarters, in a 
 Chinese hour, or the last four. khek-p6h ; 
 harrassing. i khek-poli cS,i ; he is very cross. 
 
 m 
 
 kliek 73 Crooked ; tortuous ; lyrics ; 
 458 2 ditties, 
 i kfii ji sia lai in-wn khit-khek ; he has written 
 the characters all out of line. khek lai khek 
 khu ; winding to and fro. khek hph coi khek 
 cia" kau ; after many turns this way and that 
 we arrived there. wn-kliek ; crooked. i kai 
 sim cap wn poili khek, m tit; he is very dis- 
 ingenuous, and not at all straight-forward. i 
 khek-khek <p iit ; he sleeps all doubled up. 
 khek chi'a khek kha ; a deformed arm or foot, 
 mo" khek-khek ; curly hair. i <p chie khek ; 
 he is singing ballads. i kai khek pang h<5 ; 
 
 he sings his songs in a pleasant tune. hd 
 
 thia" kiie lang-thang khek ; pleasanter to hear 
 than songs in a provincial dialect. 
 
 — kheng — 
 
 kheng 9_ To assay; to smelt; to test. 
 408 11 ci kai si kheng ngun kai 
 16 ; this is a furnace for smelting silver. i t(5 
 khui kheng-si-phb; he keeps an assayer's office, 
 si chwn to kheng uang pd kai ; it is one where 
 nothing but silver shoes are smelted. kheng- 
 tieh cap-cok ; ascertained by assaying it that 
 it was wholly pure. kheng chut lai sa" sia" 
 
300 
 
 DICTIONART OP THE STVATOW DIALECT. 
 
 ngun cliifc fita" t&ng; found by assaying it that 
 it was tlit-ee parts silver to seven of copper, ce 
 16h 16 khukhengcil raeng-peh; if you put it in 
 the crucible and assay it, you will know just 
 what it is. 
 
 kheng 26 A noble ; a lord ; a high 
 407 9' officer, 
 peh ok chut kong-kheng; a house of unstained 
 reputation sends forth noblemen, put hak cfa 
 kong-kheng cu cd ui bu mln, to hAk cia sii mln 
 (U cd ui kong-kheng; the sons of noblemen, if 
 thoy do not study, become common people, 
 while the sons of common people, if diligent in 
 learning, become noblemen. kheng siang; a 
 grandee, cia" kheng, bio kheng; the president 
 and the vice president of the four lower courts. 
 
 kheng 118 
 479 6 
 sides ; basket-work. 
 i pI ta" kheng.kia° 
 does odd jobs. 
 
 A round basket with a 
 flat bottom and vertical 
 
 kai nung ; he is one who 
 khieh kha kheng Ifti cho ; 
 tfike a basket to put it in. cang ta°-kheng 
 
 ta° l&i ; take carrying baskets, and bring it. 
 kheng thfiu ; a fish basket. pal t6 kheng- 
 
 pua" ko boi ; spread out on a basket-work 
 stall for snle. coi kheng ; a basket to hold 
 
 hempen fibers. 6 kheng; a large round basket. 
 
 -^» kht?ng 180 Willing; voluntary; to 
 t~4 324 4 acquiesce ; to assent. 
 m kheng hiah ; won't cease. m kheng ]&i ; 
 
 won't corae. m kheng khut ua ; will not let 
 me have it. ni cai i kh(^ng m6 ; do not know 
 whether he is willing. i a-si kheng lia cu ki" 
 l&i khui; if he is willing then I will go. i to 
 m kheng thia° ua kfii Qe; he never heeds what 
 I say. r)in a-si kheng siang-sin lia cii hp; it is 
 all right provided you are willing to trust me. 
 i siang kheng ciah kheng ta"; he is always 
 ready to eat and to talk. cf ku ue ta' lai cu 
 t6ng kheng ; what you just said is agreeable to 
 my mind. phah si m kheng cio ; tliough yon 
 beat him to death, he will not own it. kheng 
 CO gu, kia° ui bo loi thua ; if you are willing 
 to do the work of an ox, there is no reason to 
 fear that you won't have a plow to draw. 
 hS.u-se°-kia° ia-si kheng glap-lak kia'-ui b6 
 clah bo cheng ; if a young fellow is willing to 
 woik hard, there is no reason to fear that he 
 will not have food and clothing. 
 
 |Lk kheng 77 To stop at ; to rest in ; to be 
 JiA 66 still ; only, but. 
 m kheng; not merely that, m kheng poih k&i; 
 not eight only ; there were more than eight, 
 kliu m kheng cek kua ku ; it was not so short 
 
 a time as a half day that he was gone ; he was 
 gone more than half a day. cie" coi co-ni cia" 
 kheng cie" tfing ? How can so much as that 
 weigh no more than that ? ua thoi" li m 
 
 kheng; I think there is more than that. co 
 kheng hie" tng? How can it be of only that 
 length ? c&i tit kheng no peh k&i ? How caa 
 there be so few as two hundred. 
 
 kb^ng 112 A hemispherical bell. 
 409 11 kha kheng; to sound a 
 bell by rapping on it with a stick. kheng- 
 
 pai ; a musical triangle, kha kheng-pai ; play 
 on a triangle. thia"-ki" kh6ng kheng-kheng- 
 kic; heard the sound of bells, ci k6 kheng k4i 
 im hd cfti, tiang-tiang-kie ; this dulcimer gives 
 forth a very sweet sound, as it twangs. Id ii 
 khteh ci" kak kheng a b6 ? Did you throw 
 down some cash by the bell (for the keeper of 
 the temple, after worshiping there) ? 
 
 kheng 61 To congratulate ; to rejoice 
 409 il^ with, 
 peh kua" hue khu kh^ng-ho ; all the officials 
 have gone to present their congratulations, 
 kheng Dgwn-sio ; to express good wishes on 
 the fifteenth day of the first month, hu jit a- 
 si hdng-tleh chio-thdng kl sin cu b6 c6 hi-kheng 
 k&i 8U ; if it happen that the day is the an- 
 niversary of an emperor's decease, there are no 
 rejoicings. 
 
 khgng 75 A bracket for a wall lamp. 
 408 18 ieng kheng ; a wall lamp. 
 
 kheng 142 The rainbow. 
 ^ __ 235 "3~ cek tio kheng; a rainbow, 
 kheng sio khu lio; the rainbow has disappeared, 
 chut klieng toi oh ; a rainbow stays the tem- 
 pest, kheng cie ; a second rainbow. kheng 
 thang thi"; the rainbow spans the heavens. 
 
 — khi — 
 
 khi 157 khi-khio ; strange ; queer ; 
 ^^ ^ 178 10 odd. ci kia" 6U cu khi-khio 
 lio, kti-kiiai lio ; this is a strange affair, i kai 
 Qe ta" chut l&i, thia" tieh khi-khi khio-khio ; 
 he speaks very strangely. thoi" tieh khi- 
 
 khio ; looked very strange. 
 
 khi 76 To impose upon ; to abuse 
 
 342 ^ when in power, 
 toa hie" khi-hii sie hie"; a large village op- 
 presses a small one. i to kbi-hii lia ; he is 
 always imposing upon me. cie-se" sit-cSi khi 
 nang thai sIm ; this is certainly a very great 
 imposition. i to si si-si khi-iap nang ; he 
 makes use of his power in intimidating and 
 
 M. 
 
DlCTlONARt OP THE SWATOW DlAtECT. 
 
 301 
 
 pntUng down other people. c\e"-se" cQ si 
 
 khi knn ; this is failing in duty toward the 
 sovereign. khi-lCng; to blackguard. b6 ai- 
 sieh hia-"ti, io bue ta-kfii, hwn ai° khi-leng 
 hia'-ti ; does not love his brothers, and what is 
 still worse, ho wants to dispofisess his brothers 
 of their rights, khi-phien ; to cheat. 
 
 'J-£--k khi 65 Tipped ; tilted ; not standing 
 PJX 342 8 evenly on its base. 
 i kia" lo than khi-khi ; he walks with his head 
 on one side. iTi-hp pang khi, tieh pang si- 
 
 cia°; do not set it down with the base tilted 
 up, set it down squarely. sai kau hie° khi, 
 
 ii-ko ce tia°, rang phah \6 khu 16 ; if you set it 
 down tilted in that way, it will tumble over 
 at the least touch, hin-khek ci khi ciu pue cu 
 Bi hau-huap ko-ca khi khi kai i-su ; at present 
 this sort of wine cup is made on the same 
 design as were the tilted vessels of ancient 
 times. ci kai sie" m-ho pho khi ; do not tip 
 
 this box in lifting it. ai" ta" ia m-hd khi ; 
 
 and do not tilt it sidewise in carrying it. sit 
 khi-klii, koi"-thaa khi-khi; wing.s and shoulders 
 tilted, ready for a fight. 
 
 Il^^ khi-khu Irregular, as a stony 
 U^fJ 342 road ; uneven ; rough, 
 lo khi-khu tieh ham nang khu pho pe"; the 
 road is very rough, we must call a man to mend 
 it. khi-khi khu-khu ; very uneven. khi-khu 
 nap-uh ; full of knolls and holes, as after an 
 inundation. 
 
 khi 156 To rise ; to lift ; to start; to 
 347 3 begin ; to build ; a classifier, 
 khi sin ; to start on a journey, khi be a bue ? 
 Has the cavalcade set out yet ? khi chi'u 
 
 phah i ; raised his hand and struck her. ti- 
 tiang soi° khi chiu ? Who began the fray? si 
 ti koi° pho khi hiie ? In what shop did the fire 
 first break out ? khia khi hli ; rise and stand, 
 khi lai; get up. khi-siia°; a corrugated mould- 
 ing, ta" tieh cii nau khi lai ; as soon as I 
 spoke of it he became angry. thia" tieh cu 
 chie khi lai ; as soon as he heard it he began to 
 laugh. hai teng hut-jlen cii khi huang eng ; 
 the sea suddenly became tempestuous. khf- 
 chp kai gi-hau ; in the beginning. khi-th&u 
 lai ; vphen he first came. ci kia" su si ti-tiang 
 khi-i ? Who first stai'ted the idea of doing 
 this ? thoi" tieh cu khi put liang cu sim ; as 
 soon as he saw it his coveteous desires were 
 excited. khi ku im ciah cue ai" ii cak ; under 
 all circumstances moderation in eating and 
 drinking is most desirable. ui sim-mih fu 
 khi-kien ? By what means was this set going ? 
 
 cfa si cf cek khi ktli ning ; they are that sort 
 of people. si i soi° khi-hian ; it was he who 
 began the strife. i cu-lai klii t(5 un ; its luck 
 has been fluctuating. khi pia"; raise troops. 
 
 tng in khi; am not adequate to the task. sle" 
 khi lai cii khi ; whenever I think of it I am 
 vexed. ko kieh khu khf hue ; hire porters to 
 take out the cargo. pin cf-kp sia khi; begin 
 here and write on. ciu kia°-jit cp khi; begin 
 with to-day, and reckon on. iia" cau-khi; got 
 up late. i hue ceng cau-khi; she has not yet 
 risen. khi lai khia ; stand up. siu-khf; 
 
 gather them up and put thera away. khieh 
 
 khi Ifii ; take it up. hu i khi; help him up. 
 kng m khi ; cannot carry it. peh khi khu ; 
 
 clambered up. kha khio khi lai ; raise your 
 
 foot, kio m khi; cannot pry it up. ci kai ta" 
 khah tTing, lia ta° iTi khi; this burden is too 
 heavy, I cannot lift it. cia su .si tl-tiang khi 
 kai ? Who started this ? ham hu kai khi 
 
 su kai nting lai ; tell the originator of the dis- 
 turbance to come here, nin ui sim-mih su khi 
 vrn-ke ? What is the occasion for your being at 
 variance with each other? jih Iph ciii toi i 
 
 hwn oi phii khi lai; when pres.sed down into 
 the water, it will again rise to the top. peh khi 
 khu chiu cang teng; climbed to the top of a 
 tree, ci ki tluo lu sph tit khi a sph r7i khi ? Can 
 you climb this pillar ? i kai ki liu khf khu 
 
 a bue ? Has he run up his fllag yet ? 16 teng h(5 
 khi hiie; build a fire in the grate, i to khi chii; 
 he is building a house, ai" khi lau am? Are 
 yon going to add a second storey ? i kai chiu 
 khieh m khi ; he cannot raise his hand, i kai 
 kha cio"-si nng, cai sin m khi; his legs are very 
 weak lately so that they cannot bear his weight, 
 cp-ni ci-kai thdi" tit khi, hu-kai thoi" rli khi? 
 Why is it that you esteem that, and despise 
 this? tie" khi mak khu mo"; lift up your 
 
 eyes and look. hi" khio khi lai ; pricked up 
 his ears. ai° li tah khi cii khu ; if you want 
 it rush off at once. ci-kp khi kau hu-kp ci ; 
 
 from this point to that ; beginning here and 
 ending there, khi-fcoi" khi-soi" si tl-tiang lai? 
 Who was the very first one that came ? khi 
 cek cp thah ; rear a pagoda. kha b6 lak, ciig 
 kai peh m khi sin ; my legs have no strength 
 and I cannot get upon my feet at all. khi- 
 
 thau kai si-hau ; in the beginning, khi kang ; 
 begin the work. tph jit khi kang ; choose 
 
 a lucky day for commencing the work. thio 
 khi khu ; jump up on it. thah khi khu ; 
 
 piled up. tin toa khi chii-tdng kp khu ; the 
 
 creeper has clambered up to the roof. thi-khi 
 ci kia sti ; introduce this subject. mang khi 
 lai ; pull it up, using both hands. kau khi 
 
 khu ; climb up, using hands and feet. thek 
 
302 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 khf khu ; go np by treading. p6ih klif lai ; 
 
 pull it out. thoa klii lai ; haul it out. che"- 
 pie kill l&i ; dart up. hwt khi lai ; sprout 
 
 forth. piuh khf cek ki siiu chut lai ; sent 
 
 forth a shoot. che''-kliia khi lai ; revive, as 
 after drought. tha," kin' lai ; lay them up. 
 
 tio kill Ifii; toss it up. tie kbi lai ; to rebound, 
 chin m khi ; cannot heft it. phbng khf lai ; 
 rise, as yeast does. cui khi l&i ; protrude, 
 
 ceng khf lai ; swell up. tie" khi h\i ; to bloat 
 up. ba khf t;Q kliu ; bounded up and off. 
 
 eng ce so cu khi khu ; when the wave rose we 
 rose, piiah tieh i kai sSt, i pue m khf ; if you 
 shoot him in the wing, he cannot soar, liii t5 
 Lii-kp klif ; the thunder originates there. i 
 
 kai cun id khf tcng ; tliat ship is getting up 
 its anchor. ph&ng mai" liu khah khf ; do not 
 hoist the sail too high. ua sek khf khu khut 
 liji sail ; I will throw it up for you to catch. 
 Iti tio khf lai ua cih ; you toss it up hero and I 
 will catch it. tui cf-ko lang khf lai ; poke it 
 up through here. lA khf lai ; poke it up and 
 out. cheng khf lai ; mount upon, by putting 
 the hands upon and then springing. pha 
 
 khf be sin ; mount a horse. i to kQa" ni khf 
 tOa nfing ka,i rain phue ; he will never attain 
 to anything like his father's reputation. i 
 
 chin iiang co-ni khang-kliioh, khang-khieh i in 
 khf ; however much his relatives train him, 
 they cannot bring him to any good. ce thi- 
 phii khf lai lia cu it-tit ; as soon as it was 
 spoken of I remembered it. cfa si lu ta° khf 
 le, via cia" ta"; since you have spoken of it, 
 I will. 
 
 khf 211 The teeth ; notches. 
 
 65 hwt khf; to teeth, buo hwt 
 khf ; has not cut his teeth yet. b^khf; the 
 
 teeth of a horse, mang be-khi; to make edging 
 be-khi pi°; edging. be-khi hoi"; purslane, 
 
 khi-thia" cia° cai khi-thia" nang ; those who 
 have toothache can sympathize with one whose 
 tooth aches, ku khi ; the teeth of a saw. khf 
 ba-ba; khf sa-sa; his teeth project. bk khf; 
 tushes, i thau-raln-c6i° bo kai khf; he has no 
 teeth in front. iSu nang hiie to bo ge-thau-khf; 
 old people are frequently destitute of grinding 
 teeth. khieh tio khf; to take out a tooth, 
 
 mang tio khf ; to extract a tooth. p6 khf ; 
 
 false teeth. cf choh hue sng cSi, ciah cek liap 
 khi ciu nng ; these plums set the teeth on edge, 
 thak khi; to pick the teeth. khi-thak ; a 
 
 tooth-pick. sieh-liu khi ; the seeds of the 
 
 pomegranate, khi-ngun; the gums, ci kai khi 
 khieh chut lai sa" kai kha ; this tooth which 
 was taken out has three prongs. cii khi se° 
 
 khi thfing ; decayed teeth have worms in them. 
 
 khf toi", bSi en ; the tooth is sound, it is not 
 decayed at all. khi thak Ifo ai" lang phang ; 
 if you pick your teeth there will be wide spaces 
 between them. khf-ieh ; tooth-powder, khf- 
 sueh ; a tooth-brush. chiu khi; to brush the 
 teeth, se" khi pau; has a gum-boil, khi phii- 
 phu ; carious gums. khf Ie.l6 ; his teeth are 
 
 loose. bo khf lang; lisps. kia° kau hu-hu- 
 kie, khf td tie; so frightened that he shook 
 and his teeth chattered. cwn mn^ ui khf ; a 
 dentist, phah ka-lauh i kai khf ; knocked his 
 tooth out. ngoih khf ; grate the teeth, khf 
 sng-nng; the teeth set on edge. m cai thivu, 
 ktli khf thun loh khu; unwittingly swallowed 
 a tooth. 
 
 khf 80 To report ; to state ; to make 
 
 347 8 known, 
 cf k&i n&ng mta'-ke cu-khf ; this person is an 
 adept in the making out of written reports 
 and statements. i kai cu-khi co lai hd c&i ; 
 
 bis report is well made out. i si pat cd kue 
 
 cu-khf su-!a ; he has been a recording clerk. 
 Id kai sin min teng kio lia sia "m6ng nang ua" 
 khf ;" write for me on the outside the letter, 
 the superscription, " may you open it in peace." 
 khf-m§ng-che' chut Ho ; the morning star has 
 risen. l^ng T khf khau ; difficult to speak 
 
 about. sin th^n teng kio lia s/a keng-khf-cia 
 cii li<5; if you will write the complimentary 
 phrases at the beginning of the letter for me, 
 that will do. 
 
 m 
 
 9 To dwell ; to live in. 
 
 g i khia-khf to tl-k6 ? Where 
 
 does she live ? i ai" na pkng cf-ko khia- 
 
 khf ; he is going to stay here permanently. ' i 
 khia-khf to sia° lai ; he lives in the city. hii 
 kai tl-hng m(5 khia-khi ; that place is not 
 habitable. 
 
 khf 161 How can ? How ? Implying 
 %r.> 3-46 8~ a negative. 
 
 khf ka°; khf ka° khf ka° ? How dare I pre- 
 sume to do so ? khf u chu li ? Whence such 
 a rule ? 
 
 ^ ^ khi 80 Vessels ; dishes ; utensils ; 
 ^^ 349 13 implements, 
 gek khi ; vessels of precious stone, siak khi ; 
 pewter ware, chu khi ; porcelain. hui khi ; 
 earthenware. jio khi ; crockery made in the 
 Poyang Lake district. po-li khi ; glass ware, 
 bak khi ; wooden ware. ngH^ ^^^ > silver 
 
 ware. kim khi ; golden vessels. tang khi ; 
 brass ware. khi-ku; a utensil. khi-kii coi- 
 cia°; the utensils are all in order. kun-cuang 
 khi-hai cau ho a hue ? Are the soldiers' equip- 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 303 
 
 nients all made ready yet ? i rnia°-ke eng 
 
 sitn-mih pia" khi; he is expert in the use of all 
 military weapons. tSii khi rang seng ; a great 
 vessel is slowly made ; a talented man slowly 
 matures. ci kai nang si'e klii cS,i ; this person 
 has little capacity. mai" khah si'o khi ; do 
 
 not be petty. ci'a si kui khi kai ; this is one 
 that is of fine capacity. hi'a si m seng khi ; 
 
 that one is unfit for the place. ka kau i sgiig 
 jin seng khi ; teach him till he becomes a man 
 and good for something, chang khi ; farming 
 implements. cie" khi kai raueh ; a complete 
 titeusil ; a valuable object, or refined person. 
 
 ^^ khi 84 Fumes or vapor ascending 
 >Hm< 348 ^ from heat acting on mois- 
 ture ; exhalation ; ether ; breath ; air ; the vital 
 force or fluid ; spirit, courage, temper, or feel- 
 ings of men and animals; influence ; aspect, air; 
 a semi-lunar period. 
 
 mai" se° khi ; do not get vexed, i kai khi-sek 
 ho ; he has a pleasant countenance. u kai 
 
 kaa"-hu kai khi-siang ; has the air of an official, 
 im iang no khi sun-h\vn bo hiah ; the primor- 
 dial aura in the dual powers, incessantly circu- 
 lates, ui pe" ia tieh hio ngo un lak khi ; in 
 treating diseases one must understand the five 
 indications of luck, and the six climatic agen- 
 cies, huang khi ; climate ; air. hang khi ; 
 coldness. su khi ; heat. sip khi ; dampness, 
 chau khi ; dryness, hue khi ; caloric, ci hue 
 61 sim-mih coih-khi ? What time of the moon 
 is this ? mai" khut tho-khi chong tieh ; 
 do not imbibe the miasma. ci kai nang 
 u ci-khi ; this is a man of nerve. i kai ci- 
 khi ngan-ngan ; he is very resolute. khi si 
 nang ; exasperates people. ua siu khi cai ; I 
 have been much blamed, siu i kai khi siu ra 
 khu ; I am not going to allow him to scold, me. 
 mai" kill tieh i ; do not anger him. liah i lai 
 chut khi ; take him to vent his spite on. chut 
 khi bo ko khu ; no way of venting hi.i spite. 
 ci-ko kai khi-hau ca, pi pat ko soi" u cek kai 
 coih-khi ; the seasons here are early : they come 
 a full half month sooner than in other places. 
 i kai nang khiin cS,i, thoi" tieh crig kai bo khi 
 meh ; he is very feeble, and seems to have no 
 vitality. lu sit-cS,i ho un khi ; you are indeed 
 lucky. khut i khi si khu ; caused him to die 
 of vexation. lu sie° oi khi a boi ? Do you 
 think he is vexed about it ? tliia" tieh cii khi ; 
 on hearing it he was vexed, khut i ce khi cii 
 tho hueh ; as soon as he is vexed, his gorge 
 rises. ce khi hueh cii bu ; as soon as he is 
 angry he blurts out his wrath. i kai ngwn 
 khi cok cai; his constitution is very strong. 
 i id iang khi ; he is putting on airs, iang-iang 
 
 khi-khi tng khu; went off in high dudgeon, 
 ci-ko krii klii-sip m-hp ; the customs iu vogue 
 here are bad. cia" khi ; rectitude. ci le" ieh 
 kui khi-lak toa ; this medicine has great effi- 
 cacy, ciah tieh sit c3,i u khi ; on eating it you 
 will certainly feel the effect. hueh-khi thio- 
 hiia, bo pe"; when the circulation i>i as it should 
 be, there is no ailment. iin hie"-cha lai phek 
 tio ue khi ; burn sandal wood as a disinfectant, 
 ciah ce liang-ieh lai cheng tio juah khi ; take 
 cooling medicine as an antidote to fever, tieh 
 sia tio i kai u khi cek khi cia° hd ; the system 
 must be depleted and all will then be well, 
 ci ie" miieh kai khi-bi sim ho ; the flavour of 
 this is delicious. ciah tieh bo khi bo bi ; it 
 
 has neither savor nor flavor. ci hue bo mih 
 
 sin-khi ; have not now much vigor, sui si hu- 
 jin u kai ciang-hu khi-khai; though she is a 
 woman, she has a man's strength of will. i 
 kai khi ngek-phu: ho khu clme sun khi, kang 
 khi kai ieh lai ciah ; this does not agree with 
 him : get some sort of soothing medicine for 
 him to take. i kai min thoi" tieh wn khi ; 
 
 he looks vexed. ira-khi thai seng ; too deep 
 darkness, chin thi°-si kai hue bo mih khi-lak ; 
 the fire in cold weather has not much force, 
 khi cheng kin ; pent up force. i td iiang khi 
 kai st-hau ; when he is prospering, ci hiie tii- 
 tii tit tieh se" uang kai khi ; opportunely hit 
 upon a favorable time, hau-se" tiang-si, hueh 
 khi cu cang, ni 15u hueh khi cii sue; iu youth 
 the vital forces are strong, in old age they are 
 weak. ci'-hue kai si-khi, nang coi-coi u ci khi 
 pe"; at this season this disease prevails. i fl 
 kai thi-khi kai pe"; he has constipation. loh 
 ko kie" phek tio i kai cho khi ; put in a 
 piece of ginger-root to obviate the fishy smell, 
 sia ilo i kaitakkhi; to disinfect. phua i 
 kai cek khi; disperse the dank odors. khi 
 
 kau hili-hm chwn ; so angry that he gasps for 
 breath. 
 
 -ryy^ khi 75 To reject ; to discard ; to 
 ^^^TV 349 8 renounce; to relinquish; to 
 abandon ; to throw off. 
 
 khi tio bo ; to forsake one's mother. khi tio 
 kia"; abandon one's children, khi tio ke, khu co 
 hue-sie"; renounce one's domestic relationships, 
 and become a priest. mai" cu pSu cu khi ; do 
 not go and throw yourself away. i i"-keng 
 
 khi sia kui cia"; he has already departed from 
 evil and returned to correct ways. khi ku 
 
 ngeng sin ; discard the old and welcome the 
 new. khi si ; leave the world ; to die. phau 
 khi; fling away, pun nang khi tio ; cast away, 
 sia-khi tio ; to discard. leng-ko sia-khi tio ; 
 rather fling off the whole thing. 
 
304 
 
 DICTIONART Of THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 •U*- khi 12 A relative and perRonal pro- 
 "^V 342 6 noun referring to the person, 
 
 place or filing spoken of. 
 
 khi-^ ; Jhe surplus; what is over; the rest, 
 khi-u kai nang m/n-eng Ifli ; the rest of you 
 need not eome. l^l'i-H ^^'*'' *^*° P^"Pr 'i-^^o; 
 
 whore is tlie surplus to be put? klu-u hwn u 
 jieh coi ? How much is there of what is left? 
 khi-<i kA,i, i b6 ta"; he did not speak of any 
 besides, khi (I-hnu slm cheng-chdi ; the place 
 is in the best possible order, lu u to khi tang, 
 lia bo chnp tQ khi tang; you have l)een among 
 them, while I am not of them, khi tang pit ft 
 pslt lo"; there is certainly an other sort among 
 them. miig khi slang Foi, khi-sit i bo vix ku; 
 inquired into it very carefully, and found that 
 he had really done no such thing. khl-sit i si 
 cie"-se'', pong b6 hie"-se"; in truth it is thus 
 and not so. cai khi it m cai khi jl; knows the 
 one but not the other. cio'-se" lu khi chu; 
 
 that will be the next best way. 
 
 Tr|J kh! 74 A set time ; a fixed period ; a 
 /vj 314 8 day agreed on; times, seasons, 
 ieh li-kai jit khi ? What day was agreed u|X)n ? 
 khi i^-kt'i g niiia" li'o ; the time is up. kau khi 
 a bun? Has the time fixed upon yet arrived ? 
 kue khi ku-H jit Ho ; the set time is past by 
 severol days. i ta" hwn-lio bue ki\u khi ; he 
 says the time has not yet come. bo tia" khi ; 
 no fixed time, u kai hftng khi; there is a limit 
 set to the time. tiii khi tiii khi ; just at the 
 set time. khi ieb cek kai gneh ; agreed to fix 
 the time at one month. khi boi kue lu kai ; 
 am not behind time. chut u si-khi to ko; 
 
 notices of the time are issued. put khi ju 
 
 hOe ; met without previous arrangemeiit ; an 
 unexpected interview. i kai ke-khi jieh kii ? 
 How long is he to wear the cangue ? i < o mih 
 eu to tt kai tla" khi ; he has a set time for 
 everything he does. ni-khi kau lio ; the year 
 fixed upon is at hand. chun-khi si'a jieh coi ? 
 How many years are recorded ? 
 
 khi 113 The god or spirit which 
 JOi^ 345 4 animates the earth, 
 buam sok thi" kai sin kie-cp sin, sok tl kai sin 
 kie-co khi, kii-chn kie-cp siu-khi, ia kie-co thi°- 
 Bin tl-khi ; all spirits pertaining to the heavens 
 are called gods, and all pertaining to the earth 
 are called divinities; therefore they are called 
 deities, and are also called gods and goddesses, 
 tong-kok k&i ci hua|» u sa" khi: c^k klii si thi"- 
 sin, cek khi si tl-khi, cek khi si nang-kiii ; the 
 Chinese have three sorts of sacrificial rites, one 
 for the gods of heaven, one for gods of the 
 land, and one for the spirits of the dead. 
 
 i^ IwiL ^^^^"'^" -^ fabulous animal, like 
 't /"^V 344 a piebald horse, with one 
 horn and a cow's tail. 
 
 it phi'n kai bu kua°, i kai p6-sira cQ si s\u 
 khi-lin kai ; military officials of the first grade 
 have a unicorn embroidered on the square 
 patch which ornaments the breast and back 
 of their official robes. khi-lin sfam ; folding 
 doors having carved unicorns as their orna- 
 mentation. 
 
 ^^^ khi 87 Extraordinary; rare ; strange. 
 PJ 344 6 khl-kiiai ; marvellous. khi-I; 
 unusual. cfa cu chut khi Ho ; this is extra- 
 
 ordinary, cfa sng si kill hdng k&i su ; this 
 
 may be considered an nnusual occurrence, cfa 
 cfl si khi su ; this is very strange. i kai kht 
 naug; be is a very odd person. 
 
 jht^ khi 118 To pray ; to invoke aid ; to 
 )\y\ 345 4 in treat. 
 
 khi-tan ; to pray. khi h5 ; pray for rain, via 
 sim si kbi-mo" lii ; I earnestly hope for your 
 coming, khi-khiu ; to beseech. 
 
 khi 125 A man of sixty ; one who 
 
 . ^ 346 4 should advise others. 
 
 jQ kak hie" k&i sin-khl ; advise the elders in 
 every village. ci kiii hie" u kiii kai khi.Iau 
 
 lai ki" kua ; several of the elders from these 
 villages came to see the magistrate. 
 
 4i-\Y khi 142 A small land crab. 
 UtJ^ 343 8 bna-khi ; pe-khl ; land crabs, 
 ci chph pg-khi kfti bl sIm h6; these crabs are of 
 a very fine flavour. 
 
 khi 140 khi cua ; the horned snake. 
 
 346 "16^ khi ilia", a sjMJcies of Ar- 
 temi.sia, from which Chinese moxa, used in 
 cautery, is obtained. 
 
 J-^j khi 61 The dreaded day, when a 
 iUi> 340 8 friend died ; the anniversary 
 of a death. 
 
 i kia°-jit cp khi; they keep the anniversary of 
 a death to-day. si i a-kong kai khi, a i a- 
 
 ma kai khi ? Is it the anniversary of their 
 grandfather's or of their grandmother's death? 
 khui i kp pai khi ; go to their house to keep 
 the anniversary of their friend's death. cek 
 ni u jieh coi kai khi ? How many annivers- 
 aries of the deaths of Emperors are there in 
 a year ? 
 
DICTIONARY OF THK 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 305 
 
 — khi" — 
 
 kill" 64 To assail ; to attack ; to lay 
 
 1105 17 hands on. 
 i li-hiii cSi, ku-a nang m ka" khu khi" i ; he is 
 very malignant, and even several persons in a 
 body dare not go and attack him. hti kai I'ong 
 cSi : lai kau, toa" nang tui i kai hong-coi" cii 
 khi" khu; that one is very daring: he came and, 
 rushing in single handed, seized him by th» 
 breast. sa° nang hvvn-h'o khi" i rn to ; even 
 three men cannot successfully grapple with him. 
 bo nsing ka" khi" i ; no one dares attack him. 
 toa" nang kia"-ui khi" i m tio ; being alone, 
 feared that he could not overcome hira in an 
 attack. i oi khut nang khi" khu a boi ? Was 
 he overpowered by those who fell upon him ? 
 
 khi" 64 To cling to ; to hang upon. 
 
 653 16 i khi" kfn i kai kie-kng ; she 
 clung to the poles of his sedan chair, khi" kie 
 jip tia"; clung to the chair and thus entered 
 the court, khi" tin ; holding fast to a creeper, 
 khi" chiu ki ; grasping a branch and hanging 
 on thereby. a-n6" khi" sa"-ku, khi" chiu-ng ; 
 children cling to the flaps and sleeves of one's 
 tunic. wn kui khi" cek toa tu ; a troup of 
 
 avenging spirits hang about him. un kiii, wn 
 kiii khi" cia" tu ; a swarm of appeased and 
 unappeased ghosts cling around. 
 
 ^IX. khi" 167 Forceps; to gripe as with 
 iKll 389 5 forceps. 
 
 cwn phah cek ki khi°-kia"; had a pair of for- 
 ceps made to order. cia tieh khia khi"-kia° 
 lai koih ; this must be taken up with forceps, 
 i kai hoi kha khi" boi tit khi; the crab cannot 
 seize hold on it. m-ho khut hoi kbi" khi lai ; 
 do not let the crab gripe you. 
 
 — khia — 
 I^V khia 37 An odd number. 
 
 nj 344 5 si sang a si khia ? Is it an 
 even or an odd number ? khia jit mai" thp, 
 
 sang jit mai" hai", theng-thSi lia hwt chai li, 
 cek kai hai" no kai ; on the odd days of the 
 month you do not dun, on the even days I do 
 not pay : wait till I get rich and then I will 
 pay you double, khia jit ; a common designa- 
 tion of the seventh day after death, when the 
 spirit is supposed to leave the body. 
 
 khia 40 khia-poh ; scrawny ; meager. 
 163 9 i a-ti se° lai khia-poh, m kSu- 
 tSng ; his younger brother is very scrawny, 
 not plump. i kai phi" khah khia-poh ; his 
 
 nose is too peaked. ang-cia no nang se° l&i 
 
 l<3ng-c6ng khia-khia poh-poh ; husband and 
 wife are both very thin. 
 
 khia 128 Elevated; high. 
 
 832 "^11 koi"-thau khia-khia; high 
 shouldered. koi"-than k{ii°-khia kui"-khia ; 
 
 chuckle-headed. hi"khia-khm; ears attent ; 
 to prick up the ears, i hi" khia-khia id thia"; 
 he is listening with his ears alert, ci ciah kau 
 cek me" hi" kliia-khia, leng-ceng cS,i ; this dog 
 keeps his ears pricked up all night, and is very 
 watchful. 
 
 khia 187 To bestride ; to ride on ; to 
 >^Pj 345 8 sit astride, 
 si khia be lai a cp kio lai ? Did you come on 
 horseback or in a sedan chair ? khia cie" be 
 sin cu tieh phau ; if you mount a horse you 
 must ride him. i mia"-ke khia sla ; he is 
 
 expert in shooting at a mark from on horse- 
 back, khia gu ; bestride an ox. khia be 
 
 CO ; sit astride, 
 shoulder. 
 
 khia koi be ; ride on one's 
 
 •5t. khia 117 To erect; to set up; to 
 
 777 8 establish, 
 khia ki ; to plant a flag, khia ki-kua"; to raise 
 a flag staff. khia ui ; to set up a mast in a 
 
 vessel. khia no ki cieh cek to phun-mo" c6i°; 
 set two stone candles in front of the grave, 
 khia sim-mih ki ho ? What flag do they fly ? 
 khia thio ; erect a pillar. khia teng ; raise 
 
 a portal. i khia ko cieh pi to hu-ko cp ti- 
 
 kai ; he set a slab of stone there to mark the 
 boundary. 
 
 To hold in the hand, as one 
 holds a rod, or carries an 
 
 khia 32 
 47 ¥ 
 umbrella. 
 
 pit tieh khia si-cia° si-cia"; the pen must be 
 held straight. cek nang khia to, cek nang 
 
 khia chie"; one carried a knife and the other a 
 spear. khia si"; carry a fan. khia kiiai- 
 
 ciang ; carry a cane. 
 
 m 
 
 khia 46 Ambiguous. 
 
 345 4 sang-khia-be' iie ; language 
 susceptible of two different interpretations, 
 i to bp tit-tit ta", to si ta" sang-khia-be ue ; he 
 never speaks in a straight forward way, but 
 always uses language having two meanings. 
 
 i^iS 
 
 khia 117 To stand ; to stop. 
 13 6 khia khui ce ; stand further 
 off. khia khi lai ; get up and stand still, 
 
 khia tit-tit ; stand up straight. khia si-cia" 
 si-cia"; stand erect. tiam-tiam khia; stand 
 
 perfectly still. khia to cek p6i"; stand on one 
 side. khia to sang poi"; ranged on the two 
 
306 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THB EWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 Bides. hpli coi nftng 13 sang poi" kbia ; a 
 
 great many people were standing on each side, 
 kia" si kia", kliia si kh!a ; if you walk, walk, 
 and if you stand, stand ; behave properly, 
 khia m liii ; it does not stand firmly. khia m 
 tiie; it won't stand up. khia kau kha sng; 
 
 stood till tired, khia iang khf lui ; stand erect 
 and hold up your head. kha thia" boi khia ; 
 his foot is 80 sore he cannot stand upon it. 
 b5i khia kii ; cannot stand long, khia to sua" 
 teng rao" si-phi"; stood on the hill top and 
 looked all around. boi c6 b<5i khia ; can 
 
 neither sit nor stand. khia liam 1(5 tang; 
 
 stood still and waited. khia liam ce ; stop a 
 moment. khia t5 mng kha 1(5 th6i" nftng ; 
 
 stood at the door looking at people. 
 
 khia 44 To reside ; to live in a plac^e ; 
 
 437 6 to remain stationary, 
 i b6 BU, khia-khf t6 chii ; he has no business 
 requiring his attention and he stays at home. 
 m cai i khia-khi t5 ti k6 ; I do not know where 
 he is staying. i ai° khi mong kd kbia-khi ; 
 he is going to a certain place to live. i u tQ 
 hu khia ke a bo ? Has he settled his family 
 there ? i soi"-tiang-8i khia-khf to h6-k6 ; he 
 formerly resided there. b6 kp khia-khi; has 
 no place of abode, to hu-^P kUin, Q ni gua Ho; 
 has been there over a year already. 
 
 [X. khia 1^17 Upright ; perpendicular. 
 
 777 8 p^'ig khia, mtii" p^ng sia ; 
 set it upright, not inclining, niai" pang khia, 
 pang i ut loh khu ; do not set it upright, lay it 
 down. 
 
 khiah — 
 
 170 
 
 10 
 
 A fissure ; a chink ; a cleft; 
 a gap ; an occai^ion or cause 
 
 khiah 
 1^ 396 
 
 for dislike. 
 
 chie" pit Ho l^ng kai khiah t5a-toa k^i ; the 
 wall cracked, leaving a wide chink. hu-kp ii 
 cek kai kau khiah to kp, boi tit kue ; there is a 
 ditch between, so that we cannot cross over 
 there, i kio i Q khiah; the two are at variance. 
 ua kio i bp chiu bo khiah ; I have no occasion 
 for a quarrel with him. ua cai lu soi°-c6i" kio 
 i u k&i khiah to kp ; I know that formerly you 
 were not on good terms with him. thi° kai 
 
 hun Iang khiah ; there is a rift in the clouds. 
 b(5 khang bp khiah ; no crack nor crevice. bp 
 kp Iang khiah ; there is no opening anywhere, 
 ta' kai nang hu-leng ci'o-cia" cia" ti kai khang- 
 khiah cu toa-bp-mueh nang lai to him ; the 
 people of the present time are like dragon fish 
 and fairy birds, whorever there is a chink they 
 come in swarms boring their way through, 
 
 — khiak — 
 
 nirf khiak 26 To decline doing or accept- 
 ^\^ 411 5 ing; as an interjection, be- 
 hold ! oh ! as an adverb, then. 
 i sia ta° "bwn mai° chui-khiak"; he writes 
 saying, "do not on any account decline". lia 
 kfiu-k\e si cie°-se°, khiak si hie°-se°; 1 thought 
 it was thus, but behold it was so. khiak m tit 
 n&ng-chSng ; could not refuse the favour, sxii- 
 si lau-t5ng lieh, khiak si cak seng nang cSk 
 kia" ho Ku; although it makes trouble, it really 
 forwards a commendable object. khiak-sueh 
 k6-ca Q cfik kai nftiig — ; once upon a time there 
 was a man — . kliiak si iii h6 ? Why so, pray ? 
 m kau ci-kp khiak m khu Ho; since the business 
 has arrived at this stage, it cannot be put off. 
 
 — khiam — 
 
 Ar* khiam 76 To owe ; to be ohort of » 
 y\. 391 deficient in. 
 i khiara lia k&i ci"; he is in debt to roe for bor- 
 rowed money. kh\am lu jieh c5i ? How much 
 does he owe yon ? khiam Q hJlng, put kiie 
 
 khiam lia kai sio-biie tia"-tia°; owes but little, 
 nothing more than the balance left after the 
 settlement of my account. khiam kau ci-kp 
 
 lUi kii c&i ; has owed for a long time, jl-ke b6 
 khueh-khiam ; no indebtedne.ss on either sid(}. 
 gua khau khiam n6 peh ngun se" sio, cek peh 
 nguii pho CO ; have outside (lebts of two hund- 
 red dollars in current accounts, and one hund- 
 red dollars for rent of shop, cang ci tlo sio lai 
 tu, cQ b5i khiam i kai ; if this account be taken 
 as an offset, I owe him nothing. bp thua 
 
 khiam piia" li; have no outstanding debts what- 
 ever, da. si c6i" se" coi" si khiam i kai ce ; 
 this is a debt that was due in a previous state 
 of existence. ua cek se" nang siang ui khiam 
 nfing kfii ci"; I have all my life had the utmost 
 aversion to getting in debt. cia khiam hp ; 
 this is not quite complete. khiam hSng, b6 
 thang hai" nang; has liabilities which he ia 
 unable to meet. si'a khiam no cue tia°-tia"; 
 have it all written except two lines, ue la" lai 
 khiam raeng-pgh ; the statement lacks clearness, 
 ua bo khiam i kai, a cp ii khiam ; I do not owe 
 him, and he on the contrary says that I do. 
 khiam i no peh ngun, cang tie" pho-khoi ang t6 
 i kp ; gave him the deed of a shop as collateral 
 security for a debt of two hundred dollars, 
 khiam lu u sio-bak ne ? Have you any account 
 against him ? i khiam lio u ni bo gueh ; he 
 pays his debts once a year, but no oftener. 
 ni'n si khiam phah a ! You need whipping ! 
 c^k 61 huang-huh cu khiam-khiam ti'am; in the 
 flurry of the moment failed to give the neces- 
 sary attention. 
 
PICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 307 
 
 1^ 
 
 kliiam 120 To close ; to seal. 
 383 ~9~ huang khau cu khiara pnt 
 hu tan tl; it is not allowable to send private 
 letters to the yamun. i thoi" h'o khiam khaa 
 bo ngan; after seeing it, he shut his mouth and 
 never said a word, 
 
 f^!^ khiam 167 An official stamp. 
 ~| 390 4 khiam-ki ; a wooden seal, 
 nsed by inferior magistrates, such as inspectors 
 of boats. i kai in si cia° in a si khiam-ki? 
 
 Is his seal an official seal conferred by the 
 government, or is it a stamp such as is given 
 to subordinate officers ? 
 
 khiam 167 A necklace. 
 il^P 389 5 khieh ke cek IsAi khiam 
 loh khu chb poih sek; put in a necklace besides 
 to make up a variety in the presents. nge 
 
 khiam ; a ring for the neck. i kua kua k?ii 
 
 khiara ; she wore a necklace, also, nng khiam ; 
 a lady's necklace. 
 
 khiam 140 A vi^ater plant allied to 
 391 4 the water lily, 
 
 khiam-sit ; the stems, seeds and roots of the 
 Euryale ferox, used in medicine. 
 
 khiara 9 Sparing ; frugal. 
 \7*)^ 387 13 m-hp khah khiara ; do not 
 be too sparing. khiam-siap ; stingy ; close- 
 
 fisted, khiam eng ; use sparingly, hui-eng 
 to tieh cak-khiam ; the expenses must be kept 
 within a moderate limit, i mih su to khiam- 
 se"; he is very saving in everything. khiam- 
 khiara ne eng u cek kai gueh ; by using it very 
 sparingly it will last a month. ci'a su to iTi-ho 
 khiam, ai° khiam tieh khiara pat su ; in this it 
 will not do to try to save, if retrenchment is 
 necessary let it be in something else. i kai 
 
 ciah eng to si kbiain-iak khiara-iak ue ; his 
 outlays for food and other necessaries are 
 always kept at the very lowest figure. ai° 
 
 khiam tieh khiam tit khi ngi ; if you would be 
 economical, it must be at proper times and in 
 a reasonable degree. i cu-lai eng ke kvii°-si°, 
 to boi khiam ; he has been accustomed to 
 expend more, and cannot reduce the amount. 
 ai° liab khiara, liah ra loh ; as for retrenching, 
 it is not feasible, i ka-ki ia khiam m khu ; he 
 cannot stint himself. khiam ciah, tng thang 
 ke ; get a household of one's own, by frugality 
 in the style of living, khiam ciah, pai toa tu ; 
 eat sparingly, in order to lay down big wagers 
 in gambling. oi khiam kie° kue thang ; to 
 
 save is better than to earn, khiam khd co 
 
 liam ; being frugal enables one to be decent, 
 khiam phok ; simple in one's habits. 
 
 — khiang — 
 
 HtC khiang 130 Tlie patois or brogue of a 
 aJU^ 365 8 place; affected; pretentious, 
 li hiang put li khiang ; when one leaves his 
 village he does not leave its mode of speech 
 behind him. ham i mai° i6 cuang khiang; 
 tell him not to adopt an affected stylo of speak- 
 ing, i si td cuang khiang kai ; he has au 
 affected manner of speaking, 
 
 -pT* khiang 32 To ring, as a whole dish 
 */ V 315 4 does when tapped, 
 kha khiang ; to sound anything which rings, 
 kha thoi" oi khiang a boi ; tap it and see whe- 
 ther it will ring. kha tieh khiang-khiang 
 hi'ang, cong boi pit ; it rings loudly when 
 tapped, it is not cracked at all. 
 
 khiang 57 Sturdy ; brawny; forcible; 
 366 8 overbearing, 
 i ci-hue khiang-cang cSi ; he is now very 
 robust. in pi lin keng khiang; they are more 
 powerful than we, ci-ko bo lun khiang jiak ; 
 here we do not consider whether one is strong 
 or weak. si khiang- t5u a si chiap-chak ? Ia 
 it a highwayman or a thief ? i kai kun-su 
 
 hue m kii khiang boi khiang boi; their soldiery 
 do not resort to intimidation in buying or in 
 selling. i cie"-se'' si si-khiang khi-hu naug ; 
 
 he thus relies on force regardle.'^s of right in 
 dominating people. i kai se''-cheug kang- 
 
 khiang, boi jiu-jiak ; his disposition is arbi- 
 trary, not yielding. khiang chxe"; take by 
 force. khiang kang ; rape. khiang khut ; to 
 beg, with threats of violence, a-ti khiang kue 
 a-hia"; the younger brother overbears the elder. 
 
 — khiap — 
 Jf-1 khiap 78 Bad, vicious, evil ; vice. 
 ^^ 84.4 nang u ho, u khiap ; there 
 are both good and bad people. i to in pat h<5 
 khiap ; he does not know good from evil. hd 
 khiap su, to m chap ; does not mix himself up 
 in affairs whether proper or disreputable. i 
 siang cai hd khiap ; he clearly discriminates 
 between virtue and vice. 
 
 At 
 
 khiap 61 Timorous ; fearful, 
 ,- , 379 5 i kai sim ui-khiap ; he is 
 faint-hearted, i sim khiap, rii ka" cin-coi"; he 
 is timorous, and dare not go forward. 
 
 — khie — 
 -f-^ khie 64 To detain illegally. 
 1 RJ 324 8 cu si i td khie lek ; he is 
 levying black-mail. ko i khie sok ; charge 
 
 him with detaining by force what belongs to 
 another when redeemed. c6-c6 khie-khie, 
 
308 
 
 DICTIONART OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 tl'kb c<5 m Reng ; obstructing the taking away 
 of this and of that, but in each case unsuc- 
 cessfnl. khie b6 i ch{a ; retain by force, not 
 allowing him to redeem his own. khut i khie- 
 cu to k6 ; illegally held in detention by him. 
 
 — khie" — 
 
 H^ khie" 130 The tnne or air of a ballad ; 
 dul 365 8 the patois or brogue of a place, 
 gua kang khie"; a foreign accent, i bI ta kia" 
 khie"; his brogue is that of a Pekingese, i ksli 
 khie"-tio h(5 cSi ; he chants admirably. kfti 
 
 khek chie chut lai b6 khie" bo tio ; he sings his 
 ballad without tune or time. i 6i chie khnn 
 khie"; he knows how to chant, lia thia" tieh si 
 ji-uang kfii khie", rii st sl-phi k&i khie"; it 
 sounded to me like the low and slow, not like 
 the high, quick style of chanting, i kai khie" 
 khuii h(5; his tone is good and his diction clear. 
 
 khie" 62 To beware of ; to refrain 
 3G0 8 from ; to abstain, 
 sin-se" ta" tieh khie" pui-jQ ; the doctor says he 
 must abstain from rich food. chiet-io tieh 
 
 khie" huang; it is important that he keep out 
 of the wind. khie" cfu ; abstain from wine, 
 
 khie" lah ; refrain from making any noise in 
 the house during the six days succeeding the 
 birth of a child. 
 
 — khieh — 
 
 •^f-* khieh 64 To take up in the fingera; 
 4\-§ 034 5 to pick out ; to pick up. 
 tieh khieh khau; to draw lots; khau khieh tieh 
 tl-tlang? Who was drafted by lot ? i kin-ni 
 khieh tieh ti liap khau ? To what post was he 
 assigned by the lot which he drew this year ? 
 
 AjjlL. khieh 9 khieh-si; to adapt one's self 
 I Q 973 8 to the circumstances; to turn 
 a thing so that it may pass an obstacle ; to 
 adjust to the situation. cf tie" chng cie" toa, 
 tieh khieh-si cia" 6i tit jip ; since this table 
 is so large it must be turned according to the 
 aperture it has to be carried through, and then 
 it can be brought in. tieh khieh-si khieh-si kia" 
 cia" boi puah ; must set your steps where the 
 ground offers foothold, then you will not fall. 
 
 "j^^ khieh 64 To gather up from different 
 4^^ 913 8 places ; to collect, 
 khieh-sip ; to gather together. khieh-sip toa- 
 b(5 muoh ; collected a great quantity. khieh- 
 sip CO cek e ; gather into one heap. i I'o lak, 
 mTia"-tI-kp khieh-sip ; he is more diligent, and 
 goes everywhere gathering it up. khiep-sip 
 pat nang kai, lai co ka-ki kai ; gather other 
 people's and make it one's own. 
 
 ~p/» khieh 64 To gather ; to pick up. 
 tjpl 768 6 khieh raueh-hia'; gather 
 fuel. i si t<5 th6 § khieh tieh kai, m si thau- 
 khieh nftng kSi ; he picked it up from the 
 ground, he did not steal it from anybody, 
 tho e khieh tieh p<5, ki" kua" bo thd ; a treasure 
 picked up from the ground, cannot be demand- 
 ed by the owner even through a magistrate. 
 
 'J'o take ill one or both 
 hands ; to lay hold of ; to 
 
 khieh 64 
 610 6 
 hold in the hand, 
 mfieh-kia" hhm i khieh lai ; tell him to bring 
 the things here. khieh khu ; to take away in 
 the hand. nfn kai pit co-ni khieh ? How do 
 you hold the pen ? khieh in khi; cannot take 
 it up. khieh khh pun i ; take it and go and 
 give it to him. khieh p^ng ci-ko; bring it 
 
 and put it down here. kliieh chut khu; take 
 it out. khieh si-cia'; carry it straight, miii' 
 khieh phah td ; don't spill it. nid khieh ka- 
 l&nh ; don't drop it. cQ-s6i khieh ; take it 
 
 carefully. khieh phiu chiu ; it sli|)ped out of 
 his hand just as he was taking it. khieh phm 
 cQ kha-tio ; let it fall and broke it. khah toa, 
 khieh bdi tit jtp ; it is too large and I can't 
 put it in. khieh khi khu lau-teng ; carry it 
 up stairs. khieh i cih ; hand it to him. nd 
 ciah chiu khieh ; take it with both hands, cek 
 ciah ciu khieh c€k kai ; take one in each hand, 
 khut nang thau-khieh ; it was slyly taken, 
 mueli 6i khut i khieh khu a b6i? Was anything 
 taken by him ? lia chin chiu to lu ko khieh ; 
 I took it from you in my own hands. khieh 
 sa" lai cheng ; get your jacket and put it on. 
 kliic'li te lai ciah ; bring some tea to drink, 
 chiu khieh-khi; remove your hand. khieh 
 
 khi lai ; pick it up. i kai chiu khieh sih- 
 
 mueh ? What has she got in her hand ? 
 
 — khien — 
 
 K>^ khien-khwn Cordisl; hospitable; 
 
 rAg, 391 fri^endly. 
 
 khu kau, i slm si khien-khwn ; on our arrival 
 he gave us a cordial reception, mai" td khien- 
 khwn ; don't be ceremonious. i kwn-thSi lu 
 jieh lia kai khfen-khwn, lu kwn- th&i i co-ni 
 hie" b6 cheng ; he treats you with great cor- 
 diality, so why do you show him so little kind- 
 ness, i kai chin-chSng sim si hd: khu kau i to 
 si khien-khien khwn-khwn ; his friendliness 
 is very delightful : when you go there he is 
 hospitality itself. 
 
 khien 162 To commission ; to send, 
 
 390 10 away. 
 
 hong chio-thdng che-khfen lai kai ; one sent 
 by order of the government. khien-sai i khu 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 309 
 
 tl-ko i cu tieh klm ; he must go wherever he is 
 Bent. khien ke-jin kliu raiig-hau i ; send a 
 servant to inquire after liim. ngi tia" co 
 
 khi'en cue ; adjudged to be a crime that should 
 be punished by exile. ciiih ciu sio-khien ce ; 
 drink wine to di.ssipato care. 
 
 S>^ khien 149 To blame angrily. 
 Pt^ 891 14 a-si ka" jwn co cu pit can 
 thien khfen ; if one dare act recklessly, he will 
 surely piovoke the displeasure of Heaveu. 
 
 —1^ kln'en 94 A dog, especially a large 
 ^ V 452 "O one ; it is a metaphor for 
 wickedness and treason. 
 
 be gu ie" koi khien si kie-co lak-thiok ; horses, 
 cows, sheep, fowls, dogs and swine are called 
 the six sorts of domestic animals. 
 
 — khiet — 
 khiet 94 Insolent ; on the rampage. 
 446 12 chiang-khiet ; unruly ; fero- 
 cious, i cu cien su mong kok au cu m ka° 
 chiang-khiet ; since they were defeated in 
 battle with that country, they have not been 
 so insolent. tang thai la" hu-ko hue 5u jii- 
 keng chiang-khiet ; since they gained a victory 
 over those people, they have been more obstrep- 
 erous than ever. 
 
 khiet 104 A disagreement in the hu- 
 446 10 mors of the system, 
 i ti u kai khiet pe", m cai si hang khiet, a si 
 jiet khiet, a si tham khiet, a si khi khiet ; he 
 has spasms, I do not know whether they are 
 those caused by cold, or by heat, or whether 
 they are accompanied by foaming at the mouth, 
 or by convulsions. 
 
 i/^ khiet 39 One ; only ; orphan-like ; 
 ""X 377 alone, 
 
 khiet-jien cek sin ; left quite alone and friend- 
 less, i ci hue khiet-jien cek sin chara khu to 
 61 le, CO u thang ho hai° nang ; he is now the 
 only one left, friendless and moneyless, and 
 how can he have the wherewith to pay ? 
 
 Si^C khiet 149 Wily; time-serving; hypo- 
 pfSJ 446 12 critical, 
 ci kai nang khui-khiet cS,i ; this is a very 
 treacherous person, i cp su sim si khui-khiet; 
 he acts iu such a way as to gain his ends 
 by guile. 
 
 — khih — 
 
 khih 85 Clean, clear, pure. 
 l\ 377 12 cheng-khih ; clean, soi kau 
 cheng-cheng khih-khih ; wash it very clean. 
 
 lu tieh cang hiang-pui-cSa s6i cia" cheng-khih; 
 use scented soap to wash it with then it will 
 be clean. cheng-khih sie"; clean looking, 
 
 piia" ill cheng-khih ; you have not dusted ib 
 clean. ci khi tieh soi" cim-pho tia" soi tit 
 
 cheng-khih ; this must first be soaked up, then 
 it will wash off. 
 
 jj^ khih 7 A very little ; a bit. 
 . — 1 796 5 chun cek khih-kia" tia°; have 
 only a little bit left. bo khih-kia"-ni ai" hie°- 
 coi ci" ! Wants so much money for that small 
 quantity ! khih-kia" much cp hie" kui ? How- 
 can that little bit of a thing be so costly ? 
 
 khih 121 Defective ; chipped ; notch- 
 448 4 ed ; broken ; jagged, 
 khih chui; a hair lip. puah khih khu; the 
 pot has a bit chipped out of it. m-hd kha 
 
 khih ; do not knock out a bit, by hitting it 
 against something. kbut i cuang khih kp- 
 
 kia"-ni; he hit it and knocked out a little piece, 
 a-ce kang lu kS gueh khih, a-ce kang lu kS 
 gueh i"; your sister will take you out and amuse 
 you. kia"-j]t si cap-ngo, gueh hwn-lio c6-ni 
 
 khih cek kp-kia° ? To-day is the fifteenth, vehy 
 is it that the moon still lacks a little of being 
 full ? m-hd tok khih ; do not splinter it in 
 cutting. no to sie pia", pit u cek to khih ; 
 
 when two knives clash, one of them is sure to 
 be nicked, i hia si tok khih to kai; it is hard 
 enough to turn the edge of a knife. khih 
 
 tio cek kak khu ; broke off a corner. ko tl- 
 
 hng khih-khih kak-kak ; the outline of the 
 ground is very irregular, all ins and outs, 
 mai" ka kau khih-nih khih-nih ; do not make 
 a jagged edge in cutting it. 
 
 ^k 
 
 — khim 
 
 khira 76 By or from the emperor ; 
 401 8 respectfully, 
 khim-che; an imperial commissioner. khim 
 su hang-lim ; made a member of the Imperial 
 Academy by royal grant, pang khim-che khu 
 che-phoi"; send an ambassador to examine into 
 and adjudicate. cle"-jit si khim hong kue 
 
 siang ju kai; lately respectfully received the 
 imperial mandate. khang-hi ji-tien si khim 
 tia" kai cu ; Khang Hi's dictionary is one of 
 the books printed by order of the government, 
 cia bi khim meng kai kua"; this is one raised 
 to official rank by imperial command. nang- 
 nang to si khim-khim keng-keng i ; every one 
 honors him. khim cun huang-siang kai ci 
 
 khu kia"; act in accordance with the imperial 
 wishes, khim huam ; a state prisoner. 
 
310 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 ^ts kliirn 145 The lapel of a coat, which 
 ^~J 398 ~T u.sed to distinguish the 
 gentry as the gowned class ; the bosom ; the 
 feelings. 
 
 \<x kai ai° ka co toa tang a si ka cp khih khitn? 
 i)o you want yours cut so as to button under 
 the arm, or half way between the front and 
 the left shoulder ? i kio ua si khim hia°-ti ; 
 be and I are brothers-in-law. o, lii kio i si 
 
 lien-khim ! Oh, you and he are the husbands of 
 two sisters are you ! i kai heng-khim khuah- 
 tak ; he is very large-hearted. ju kak hio"-li 
 kai khim-khi kak iiang kak nang iak-sok kia°- 
 ti; order the learned and the elders in each 
 village to keep the young men in subjection. 
 
 4?^ khim 64 To clutch ; to grasp by the 
 jp^ 402 13 collar; to seize, 
 i khut i khim lai ; ho was seized and brought 
 here by him. lu a kI kia°-ui khim i ra lai, ham 
 ke cek nftng sie-liu khim ; if you fear that you 
 cannot seize and bring him, call another man 
 to help in arresting him. khim i kili pi°; 
 
 caught him by the queue. khim i kai heng- 
 kua°-c6i''; seize him by the lapel of his tutiic. 
 khim soh ; caught hold on a rope. 
 
 \^ khim 64 To seize as a hawk does ; 
 4P^ 402 13 to grasp; to clutch, 
 liah mua°-ciah su engkhiin ho" lak; in catching 
 a sparrow the skill that would catch a tiger 
 must be used. khim chak su khlm 6ang ; in 
 seizing rebels, their leador must be caught, 
 khim liah ; khim liak ; to arrest. 
 
 khim llf Flying and feathered crea- 
 402 ~4~ tures. 
 khim siu ; birds and beasts. khim-cio ; the 
 
 feathered tribes. ci khi nang kio khim siu, 
 
 bo i ; such people are not in any way different 
 from wild animals. ci khi kia°-ui sx khim-siu 
 kai kia°-ui, m si nang kai kia°-ui ; this conduct 
 is that of a beast, not that of a human being. 
 
 g^^ khim 96 A Chinese lute; a harpsicord. 
 ^^ 402 8' toa" khim ; thang khim ; to 
 thrum the strings of a lute. khim toa" lai h(5 
 thia° cai ; the lute is well played. khim sua"; 
 harp-stvings. khim sua" soi° hua hp lio cia° lai 
 toa"; first atune the strings of the lute and then 
 play, lu oi phah io-khim a boi ? Do you play 
 the zithern ? i si pat cp kue khi m-tng kai 
 nang; he is one who has sat on the judge's 
 bench. poih im khim ; a music box. thang 
 khim putjip gu ju ; it is useless to thrum the 
 lute to a bufialo." ci cek ke" khim kai im io 
 
 \\6 ; this lute has a finer tone. thia" khim 
 
 td-pi; heard the sound of his lute, and fled, 
 kiiim, kiain, cu, sie', siu-sip h<5-hd ; had all his 
 accoutrements ready. 
 
 — khin — 
 
 khin 169 Light; not heavy; levity; 
 407 ~7 lightly; to think lightly of ; 
 to disesteem ; paltry. 
 
 ci kai io khin ; this is the lighter, ue ta" khin 
 ce : lu thoi" nang ta" iie khin sia" soi gu no : 
 khin-khin c6 ; speak lower: you see that other 
 people speak low and gently: be gentle yourself. 
 tia b5 th6i"-khini; 1 do not disregard him. 
 pkng miieh khin-khin pkng 16h khu, kia° p6 
 la tieh khin cf) : put iQu c6 slra-mih su 6i khin 
 kha khoih chia li jii-keng h(5, cxi boi, la tieh 
 mai" hang-hang tSng-tang plu-pong-kle ; when 
 you set things down, set them down lightly: 
 and in walking set your feet down lightly : in 
 whatever you do it is better to so move your 
 hands and feet that they make no noise, and 
 still better, if yon do not clatter and bang the 
 things you touch. khin-khin c6 ta" tieh, i cU 
 m hau°; if you speak about it, though ever so 
 gently, he is displeased, hi" m \\6 khah khin, 
 i cu si hi" khah khin tria" 6i ti-kau go su ; one 
 should not bo too ready to believe all he hears : 
 if he gives too ready credence to what he hears 
 it will lead to grave mistakes in what he does, 
 i kai c6-su khah khin-phio plm-chau ; his con- 
 duct is too frivolous and volatile. tieh pua" 
 khin cai ce cia" 6i tit kue ; must lade in a i-ather 
 light cargo and then we can cross. i kai ni 
 hwn-lio io khin ; he is still rather young, mai" 
 khin-hut i ; do not treat him with disrespect, 
 cia snc si khin khp kai ku; this i.s a trivial 
 matter" khin-khio; portable, khin-khin khio- 
 khio, chut raii^ io k5i toa ; it is very light and 
 portable, and will be easy to carry when going 
 out. khin-hun ; calomel. ci kla" su kwn-hl 
 hui khin ; the consequences of this afi"air are of 
 no slight importance, lu m-hp khah khin siu 
 chut fai; you should not come abroad with too 
 few extraneous supports to your dignity, kha 
 khin, chiu sang ; agile and nimble. khin- 
 khin phah, mai" phah khah toa lak ; beat very 
 lightly, do not beat with too much force. i 
 kai ngiin khah khin ; his dollars are too light, 
 teng tieh ci kia" io khin ; found by weighing 
 that this one is still lighter, ci ta" slang khm; 
 this burden is the lightest. ua kai ceh-jlm 
 io khin; ray responsibilities are rather light, 
 choi" li kia teng-sira, mueh khin i tSng ; a 
 lamp-wick sent a thousand miles, is a paltry 
 thing with a grave meaning. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 311 
 
 — kliio — 
 
 khio 154 Destitute, poor, impov- 
 
 697 "4~ erished. 
 i cS.p-hHn khio cJli ; he is very destitute, khio 
 ke ; poor people, to nfu kiii kok kliio hue coi, 
 a pii hue coi ? In your honorable country, 
 which are more numerous, the poor or the 
 rich ? i ci-hue khio kue chit sph ; he is now 
 poorer than the jack of spades. chit khio tak 
 tieh i poih khio ; the very poor man stumbles 
 upon one still poorer, khio-khiong kai nang ; 
 one in extreme poverty, ci pha° khio, m pha° 
 tio ; fear poverty only, not difficulty. 
 
 |:|^ khio 66 To tap ; to rap. 
 
 (nlX 373 10 khio ceng, lui ko ; to rap on 
 bells and beat drums. i thai si nang lio ka- 
 ki khu khio ko ; after he had committed the 
 murder, he himself went and sounded the 
 drum. lu ho khu chui khio i ; you go and 
 
 hurry hira up by rapping. 
 
 khio 157 The feet raised, as when 
 ]^Ci 373 12 sitting. 
 
 kha khio-khio; the legs bent up. kliio kha 
 
 sai ; a lame dog. 
 
 t=$ khio 189 The position of a steelyard 
 |pjj 324 beam when the end of the 
 
 short arm is somewhat lower than the end of 
 the long arm. 
 
 chin teng khio ce ; give good weight. teng 
 
 khu put kue khio bi ce, cuah li boi; the weight 
 differs only in that it inclines the beam a little 
 more or less, the steelyard weight being at the 
 Bame notch, it is not short weight. ci kai 
 
 ngun teng tieh chit it pua" li lo khio, chit jl li 
 10 bi ; this dollar when weighed inclines the 
 beam downward a little at seven mace one and 
 a half candareeiis, and inclines the beam up- 
 ward a little at seven mace two candareens ; it 
 is a little over seven mace one and a half 
 candareens, and a little under seven mace two 
 candareens. 
 
 'tjfZ khfo 48 Clever ; handy ; ingenious ; 
 ^J 374 2 skillfully made ; portable. 
 CO chut lai khio cai ; very ingeniously con- 
 structed, mai" to khio co ; do not make it 
 too complex. i sui si soi, sim si kiiai-khio ; 
 although he is small he is very shrewd. ci Id 
 ho-sua° khin-khfo khin-khio ; this umbrella is 
 light and well made. s6i-s6i khio-khio ne ; 
 delicate work showing great mechanical skill. 
 ta° kai hok-sek khio cSi, pi soi° m tang ; 
 garments are now made with great mechanical 
 skill, uulike what they were in former times. 
 
 -/f/b khio 88 Pretty; handsome. 
 y>>C 369 6 i su'' lui kliio c?ii; she is very 
 pretty. ta-pang khi lai 8it-c3,i khio ; really 
 
 very prettily dressed. hi thoi" ci-k^i khio a 
 hu-kai khio ? Do you think this or that the 
 prettier ? ci-kfii cu khio no ! This is pretty ! 
 se° lai khio-khio ; very pretty. 
 
 ^K khio 116 An orifice ; an aperture ; a 
 ;5K^. 375 13 pore; a hollow ; a cavity; 
 the heart as the physical organ of thought, 
 kau khio ; the nine passages of the body, chit 
 khio ; the seven orifices of the head. i io soi, 
 boi khui khio ; he is rather young, and his 
 perceptions are not yet awakened. ci kai sui- 
 si soi, i kai sim-khio ho cSi ; though this one 
 is small his power of comprehension is ex- 
 cellent, ci ie" ieh oi thong khio kai ieh ; this 
 sort of medicine is sudorific and sternutatory, 
 mak ce thoi" i cu toiig khio; as soon as he sees 
 it he takes in the meaning. ho khio thau ; 
 
 having quick perceptions. khi kau chit khio 
 chut in ; so angry that the fumes issued from 
 all the orifices in his head. i kua si cek khio 
 m thong ; it has one aperture not stopped up ; 
 he is not altogether stupid, ci cu-ce lai tl kai 
 a-no°-kia" io u khio ? In this school which of 
 the children is the quickest to understand ? 
 ci kai hua"-hi cie" toa kai, cng kai bo khio bo 
 mio ; this one who is happily so large, is 
 wholly destitute of wit. 
 
 j-njT khio 29 To act contrai*y to; to oppose. 
 />^ 12t3 2 sie khio ; discordant. i cwn 
 to kio i sie khio ; he is intentionally acting 
 in opposition to him. i no nang co su sie-sie 
 khio-khio, co cS,i tit seng ; the two are always 
 pulling against each other and how can the 
 thing be brought to an accomplishment. 
 
   I III ' ; khio 32 Turned up at the end; raised 
 '/i^jl2 375 21 or curled above the level ; 
 recurved. 
 
 sang than li khio khi lai, tin-tang li nap 16h 
 khu; the ends turn upward, and the middle is 
 depressed, like a crescent with the curve down- 
 ward, to ce tang, pi° cu khio ; as soon as his 
 belly is full his queue flops (and he is ready 
 for anything). cek ki pi" khio cie" thi"; his 
 queue stands straight upward. i kai phi" ia 
 ie" cai, to-khio khi lai ; his nose is very savage 
 looking, and turns up. ce tah cii khio khi 
 
 lai ; as soon as I stepped on it the other end 
 tilted upwai'd. kheh-ciin kai cun-thau ne 
 
 khio-khio khi lai ; the prow of a Hakka boat 
 is much recurved, i cek ki b'.ie ne khio-khio; 
 its tail turns up at the end. 
 
312 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 khio 167 To lift up the leg, as when 
 p^'fFTj 373 T2^ climbing; to raise a limb, 
 ciah pa bo su, khio khf kha a bi" ue; after eat- 
 ing lie has nothing to do but put his feet up 
 and talk idly. lu kai kha khio-phu ua tlioi"; 
 lift up your foot and let me look at it. i kai 
 kha-kun tau kau b6i khio-phu; the cords of his 
 legs are so stiff that he cannot raise his feet. 
 c§k ciah kha khio-phu, c6k ciah kha Ip chlang; 
 lift one foot, and jump along on the other, 
 lu kai kha m tieh khio-phu i cia" h<5 la ; why 
 don't you bend up your legs so that he can 
 carry you on his back ? i kai chiu hwn-lio 
 6i khio-phu ; he can still raise his hands. lu 
 kai cSh khio-ph{i; cih tie khio; raise your 
 tongue. chui-lim-phue khio-khf l&i ; pursed 
 up his lips. 
 
 ^W^ khio 167 Bullion ; paper money. 
 ^/Js 489 8 khio-th&u-si ; a small ingot 
 with a coil on its top. khio-thau-si cang ; a 
 Btyle of coiffure, resembling an ingot with a 
 coil on its top. 
 
 I^Jj khto 124 Elevated ; high ; to raise 
 Tul 374 "liT the head, 
 khio sfu phkng mo"; raise the head and gaze 
 attent. ci kai nang t5 i ko 6ng-c6 khio-chd, 
 to cf-ko cii sng bue tIeh ; there they consider 
 this man eminent, here we have not yet con- 
 sidered him. pf ceng n&ng io chut thoh kai 
 kie-co khio-ch(5 ; those who excel others are 
 called eminent. 
 
 — khiok — 
 
 mi khiok 78 Distorted; scheming; false; 
 Pll 458 ¥ bent. 
 
 i kai li khiok; his doctrine is perverted, 
 hun-plen khiok tit; discriminate between the 
 crooked and the straight. si hui, khiok tit, 
 
 e-jit cu meng-peh ; hereafter you will under- 
 stand what is so and what is not so, what is 
 wi'ong and what is right, i khi tang pit fi ui- 
 khiok ; they certainly have some scheme on 
 hand. khut khiok ; pressed down so as to be 
 awry. khut-khut khiok-khiok ; meandering ; 
 distorted . 
 
 V5^ khiok 10 To prevail over; subduing. 
 
 y^LU 430 6 ua ceng toa pia" khu khiok- 
 h6k ku-a kai ti-hng ; I have lead troops and 
 recaptured several places. hu kai sia° si 
 
 khi-thau-e khiok-hok kai, bo sim-mih peh se° 
 hue; that city is newly recovered, and there 
 are but few of the people in it. khiok-ke ; 
 
 thrifty. 
 
 • — khi'ong — 
 
 ^Pf^ khfoug 61 Apprehensive ; anxious; if it 
 il*i> 422 6 should be; doubtful whether, 
 khfong-iii i bo l&i; anxious lest he fail to come, 
 i khfong-pha" ua ai° phah i ; he fears I am 
 going to give him a whipping. i cp su to 
 
 si huang-huang khiong-khiong, kia"-ui co ta°; 
 she does things in a flurry, fearful that she 
 will do them wrongly. i tliia" tieh sira Ifti 
 
 cu kia"-khfong; when he heard it he was 
 frightened, thoi' tSeh i cii khi'ong-ku ; whea 
 he saw it be was afraid. 
 
 khlong 116 Impoverished ; poor ; at 
 420 10 one's wit's end; exhausted; 
 to the last degree. 
 
 i si phin-khiong kfti n&ng ; he is a very poor 
 man. i t6 khiong-kh6 kili sl-hau to bp nang 
 pat i ; when he was needy and suffering no 
 one knew him. i ci-hue khiong k6k ; he is 
 
 now in the utmost poverty, kh! bi b6 khiong; 
 its 6avor is perpetual. b6 khiong-cin; inex- 
 haustible, khiong kiu t6-li; an exhaustive ex- 
 position of the doctrine. lu tieh khiong thoi' 
 i kai H si cie"-se" a m si ; you must make a 
 thorough examination whether its principle is 
 thus. i t6 khiong-thii kai si-hau, i ceng kin- 
 ci i ; when he was in extremity, he rescued 
 him. cf kai tQ-H cQ khiong m chut; cannot 
 senrch to the botton of this principle, khiong- 
 khiin; utterly exhausted, sua" khiong, ciii cin, 
 gi bo l5; headed off on all sides, and with no 
 path open anywhere, khiong hie" phiah ji'ang 
 kai tl-hng ; the remotest village and most un- 
 frequented place. khiong kho, mok tni ; do 
 not follow a thief to bay. 
 
 khiong 142 A cricket which sings in the 
 
 421 ~6^ walls; a species of locust. 
 
 jit ce km hang-khiong cu ki-ki-kie ; at dusk, 
 the crickets chirp. 
 
 — khip — 
 
 khip 120 A grade ; a degree in office. 
 394 4 i si sim-mih pin khip ? Of 
 what grade is he ? kia ke sa° khip ; promoted 
 three grades, cek khip cek khip khua°-khua' 
 seng ; gradually advanced a grade at a time, 
 in-ui go kong su kang khip; degraded on 
 account of mistakes in public business, kang 
 khip, thio eng ; degrade in rank and send else- 
 where for use. 
 
 khip 30 To inhale. 
 203 4 khip i kai khi ; breathe its 
 exhalations, khip cek kai khiii tng-tng ; draw 
 
DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 313 
 
 in a very lonsf brentli. k]\ui cek e khip-jip clu 
 ai" tliia"; when I draw in my breath it hurts 
 me. cek u cek khip; one exhalation of breath 
 to one inhalation. 
 
 m 
 
 khip 85 To draw forth; to imbibe ; to 
 394 T head, as doctrine or example. 
 i eong jit huang-huang khip-khip, to si eng 
 kang; he gives earnest heed the whole day long, 
 and is very diligent. i co su huang-huang 
 
 khip-khip, khun-kun cSi ; he does things heed- 
 fully, and is very earnest and attentive. 
 
 khip 10 Cautious ; wary ; solicitous 
 405 12 le.st a thing miscarry. 
 ki°-tieh ne khip-khip ; became very apprehen- 
 sive on seeing it. kia° kau khip-khip; wary 
 through dread. khip-khip, rli ka" tin-tfing ; 
 
 dare do nothing, for fear of results. 
 
 — khi'u — 
 
 . khi'a 32 Dandruff; scurf; dirt grimed in. 
 J^ 330 6 kueh tio i kui o khi'u ; scrape 
 off <he black scurf, nah-sap kau ci teng chie" 
 teng khiu ; so dirty^ as to have a layer of scurf 
 formed upon it. thau-khi'u coi cS.i ; his head 
 ifl covered with dandruff. tieh u sie-sie kdi 
 ciii, hd teng khi'u cia° chiu tit khu; you must 
 have very hot water and then the layer of dirt 
 may be scrubbed off. cia tieh u hwn-kan cia° 
 soi i kai khi'u, tit cheng-khih; in order to wash 
 this grime off clean, soap must be used. 
 
 4tt khi 
 iV\ 99 
 
 64 To grasp ; to clutch ; to 
 
 9 pinch up. 
 khi'n cia ; gather up in a lump by grasping, 
 khi'u kin; clutch tightly, khi'u i kai pi"; clutch 
 his queue, khiu i kai heng-coi"; clutched him 
 on his chest. khiu kin-kin m kheng pang; 
 
 clutched him tightly "and would not let go. 
 khiu kau i hueh lau; nabbed him so as to make 
 the blood start out. 
 
 %I^* khiu 85 To implore, to seek, to aim at. 
 ^V 416 2 ai khiu; sadly beg. khun 
 
 khiu ; earnestly beseech, huam su m-h(5 khah 
 kho khiu ; nothing should be too peremptorily 
 demanded. khi-khiu ho-cek ; pray for rain. 
 Q khiu pit eng ; the demand brings the supply. 
 Bi-sok kai nkng m si khiq mia" cu si khiu 
 II ; common people, if they are not seeking 
 fame are seeking gain. khiu chai ; endeavor 
 to gain wealth. khia chai boi pit cu tit chai: 
 khiu kong-mia" boi pit cu tit koug-mia": huam 
 BU si khiu ka-kl cia" chiet-io ; if you strive for 
 wealth, you are not certain to gain it: if you 
 strive for fame you may fail to get it : in all 
 
 things strive for self-mastery and that which 
 is most important will be attained. pu-kui m 
 h(5 biiang khiu ; seek not to gain honor and 
 riches by unworthy means. mua"-ti-ko khiu, 
 sin rang hut; entreating the gods everywhere, 
 pin-khiu ; to petition, nang Ip-lo u khiu kau 
 hwn ti, khiu long hwn jok kai ; people often 
 seek for a high position and get a low one 
 instead, they seek for glory and on the con- 
 trary are disgraced. thph nang khu khia 
 chin ; commission some one to intercede with 
 his relations. khiu nang ju thun sa'-chiin- 
 k'lam ; to entreat people is like swallowing ft 
 three inch blade. tho min koi ng, nang min 
 lang khiu ; to depend on the face of the earth 
 for support is easy, to supplicate before the face 
 of man is hard. put khiu jin ; need not ask 
 anybody for it ; a back-scratcher, i mih su 6i, 
 min eng khiu-si n&ng ; he can do all sorts of 
 things and need ask help from none. khiu 
 cu ; pray for the gift of offspring. khiu sin ; 
 pray for long life, cia su m ho kiang-khiu ; it 
 is not well to pray for this too importunately. 
 
 khiu 61 Afraid ; pale and trembling. 
 539 10 kia" kau khap-khap-khiu ; 
 so frightened that he was white and trembling, 
 kia" kau khiu boi tit hiah ; quaking with 
 fright. chin kau khiu ; shivering with cold, 
 sieh kau khiu ; tremblingly careful of. 
 
 khiu 112 Hard from being underdone. 
 
 1108 T^ png khah khiu, ciah m loh ; 
 the rice is too little cooked, I cannot eat it. 
 mi tieh sah khiu ce, m ho" khah ml"; the ver- 
 micelli must be but slightly boiled, do not boil 
 it too soft. 
 
 — khng — 
 
 khng 119 Chaff; blasted grain; broken 
 320 11 grain, 
 cho-khng ; the chaff. chio ce khng-png khut 
 koi ciah ; mix up some food for the fowls, 
 khng-kia"; finely broken grain mingled with 
 chaff, tu khng; the refuse left after pounding 
 rice for the last time. 
 
 khng 140 To lay away for safe keep- 
 950 14 ing ; to store up ; to put by 
 carefully ; to conceal. 
 
 khng mi"-mi"; put away out of sight. jfl. t(5 
 khng chang pho khbi cek Ie°; as carefully as 
 you would put away the title deeds of fields 
 and shops. Iti thoi" khng u sira-mueh to ; 
 
 you look and see what there is put away there. 
 am-ce° khng ki to to sin teng ; secretly con- 
 cealed a knife upon his person. khng-pkng 
 
su 
 
 DICTIONAHT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 ti-ko ? Where is it. laid away ? kling u ku-S 
 cun ; lie lias put away several bottles of it. i 
 khng u (oa-bd-raueh ci"; he has a large amount 
 of money laid away. khng to cang teng ; 
 
 stored in the go-down. lu hd kio lia khng 
 
 hd ; yon keep it carefully for me. bo kp h<5 
 
 khng ; I have no place to keep it. hu ciah id 
 Ichhg sim-mueh ? What is ia that cupboard ? 
 
 khng 19 To exhort; to expostnlate 
 453 18 with ; to urge, 
 khng kbi kku i hQo sim tng \ ; plead with him 
 till he clianges his mind, khng \ hua ; exhort 
 to peace. ci& si klmg si bun ; these are moral 
 exhortations. khng nang toi ci"; urge people 
 to contribute money, khng ciu ; urge to take 
 wine. 
 
 — kho — 
 
 ttj^ kho 80 To call animals. 
 •J 221 6 kho koi ; call the fowls, kho 
 kau, kho ngio ; call the dog and the cat. kho 
 i lui ciah; call it to come and get its food. 
 
 A small circle ; a full stop ; 
 to punctuate ; to encircle ; a 
 
 1^ kho 81 
 1^ 451 '8 
 
 hoop, a ring. 
 ci ku vie hd phah cak kho ; mark this sentence 
 as a complete verse, nfn n5 nfing kai ciia-kho 
 tl-tiang ke kho ? Which of you two has the 
 greater number of marks indicating approval, 
 in his copy-book ? lia thdi" lu kai jl cek 
 
 phien kui k&i kho ; I see that one page of your 
 writing has several lettera marked as well 
 written. ci ku ue sit-cSi hd phah pang kho ; 
 this sentence should indeed be marked for its 
 importance. cgng kho ti'am hd a hue ; have 
 
 you finished punctuating it ? kho tlo ; to 
 
 erase, by drawing a circle ai'ound it. ue ksii 
 kho; draw a circle. ai" kho kau ku a .si ai" 
 
 tlam kau ku ? Are you going to put a circle or 
 a dot at the end of each sentence ? cek 
 
 kho ne i°-i"; a very perfect circle. i khau 
 
 to thau kho kp ; after examination his name 
 was written into the circle with those who 
 stood highest. 16ng-c6ng chut u jieh coi kho? 
 How many lists of names, written in circles, 
 were issued ? ham kai kho-thang-kai lai kho ; 
 call a cooper to come and hoop it. khieh tio 
 kho lai kho ; take a hoop and hoop it. boi kai 
 chau-kho lai kue cia" boi sie" tieh mueh ; buy 
 a straw hoop for it to stand on, then it won't 
 injure other things. i kai n^ng-ie° toa-toa 
 
 kho ; he is of immense girth. ai° tok c6 kiii 
 kho ; will cut it into several disks, boi i kai 
 tin-tang kho; buy its middle portion, (as of a 
 fish). i kua chiu kho si toa ti-tiang kai ha ? 
 For whom does he wear mourning bracelets ? 
 
 j phah n5 kai kho sie lap t5 kp ; wrought out 
 ' two rings interlinked. ci kai kun ai" kiin cek 
 I kho; am going to trim this skirt all around, 
 i kai ng-kho kiin lio, kiin ke cek kho pi"; hav- 
 ing trimmed the bottom of her sleeve she laid 
 on still another circle of braid. hue kho ; cd° 
 kho; chunam circles, used in laying up the 
 sides of wells. i kai m/ik-kho &ng-2Lng, si to 
 khau a m si ? Her eyes are red, she is crying 
 is she not ? i k^i mak-kho o-o si sd se" kai, 
 a si ii j)6"? Are the dark circles around his eyes 
 natural, or are they caused by sickness ? 
 
 kho 85 Dregs ; lees ; grounds. 
 
 1031 10 t6-kho; te-cl-kho ; a calcB 
 made from tea-seeds from which the oil has 
 been extracted, used as soap. ceng t(i-c{-kho 
 biiafa hd s6i thfiu-m6°; use some pulverized tea- 
 seed cake for washing the hair, tau-kho ; the 
 refuse left after the oil has been expressed from 
 beans ; (it is used as a fertilizer), hiang-kho ; 
 a kind of soap made from fragrant seeds from 
 which the oil has been pressed. 
 
 Zlfi^ khd 140 Bitter ; distressing ; hard ; 
 f^ 436 '5 painful, 
 siu-khd cSi ; very distressing. i cp khu c&p- 
 hun lau-kho ; he has done it in the most pains- 
 taking manner. hd khd, la ? Why take so 
 much trouble about it? lu ho khd cie°-se°? 
 Why do you take so much trouble ? khak- 
 khd ; persevei'O. khak-khd lun ; hold out 
 against difficulties. khd-lang ; hardship; 
 sin khd slu lang ; endure trouble and afiliction. 
 i hue pat slu kiie khd ; he has not yet suffered 
 hardship. ce slu tieh khd cu cai cue ; when 
 he is once in trouble, he will then be aware of 
 his error. khd mia° kai nang ; one who has 
 a hard lot. wn khd mla°; complains of his bit- 
 ter fate, cia khd mla" kui ; this is a miserable 
 devil. mla° hd boi tiii mia" khd using; one 
 with a happy lot cannot pair with one whose 
 fate is hard, ciah tieh khd ; found it bitter in 
 the eating. i kai bi khd; it has a bitter taste, 
 khd kau khieh m jip chili ; so bitter that I can- 
 not take it. cf hue kai keug-ngp khd cSi ; his 
 present circumstances are very grievous, cia 
 khd-keng lang tng; this trouble is hard to bear. 
 
 kho 145 Trowsers. 
 
 437 iO^ cek ie kho; a pair of trowsers. 
 sa°-kho; clothes, kho-thui ; kho-thau; leggins. 
 kho-thiii kho ; trowsers that are tied at the 
 ankle, kho-kueh ; very short trowsers. kha- 
 kho; pantalets, kha-kho toa; the garters used 
 by bound-footed women. lang tdi khd ; trow- 
 sers open in the seat, worn by children. lang 
 kho ; overalls. kho klam, ua' khu sdi ; your 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 816 
 
 trowsers are soiled by long wearing, change 
 and wash thera. ci kai kho c^ng cliie" kho- 
 
 th&u a boi ? Have these trowsers had the waist- 
 band put on? kho-thau toa ; a girdle worn to 
 keep the trowsers in place. kho-than long; a 
 girdle attached to trowsers, kua kho kha ; 
 
 trim the legs of the trowsers. 
 
 kh6 53 A storehouse, arsenal, raaga- 
 
 436 7 zine, or depot, 
 ngun kho ; a treasury, kho pang ; a counting 
 room. chng-kho khang-hu ; the granaries are 
 empty, tho kho ; go-downs, si kho chwn cu ; 
 a magazine of useful knowledge; a thesaurus, 
 ngun hwt khu tiu kho ; he has put his money 
 into the bank, gu kho; the imperial treasuiy. 
 kun-khi kho; an armory, c\-khi kho ; a store- 
 house for sacrificial vessels. hue-ieh kho ; a 
 powder magazine. ci pang cu khut huang-ti 
 tui jip kho khii ; this set of books has been 
 suppressed by order of the emperor. 
 
 i jj> kho 140 Cardamom and other spicy 
 
 7i2j. 332 11 seeds. 
 
 tau kho ; nek tau-kho ; nutmegs. chau tau- 
 
 kho ; round cardamoms. peh tau-kho ; white 
 
 cardamoms. 
 
 itr^ kho 40 Robbers ; banditti. 
 ~jiSi 332 8 cia sng si chau-kho ; this one 
 may be considered a Robin Hood. liu-kho ; 
 an outlaw. hai-kho ; pirates. hai-kho cu si 
 hai-chak ; pirates are sea-robbers. 
 
 it^^ kho 167 The pivot on which a door 
 5>C 372 IT turns. ^ 
 
 thih kha-kho tieh kah mng-kha-khu ; the iron 
 pivot on which the door swings must fit the 
 socket in the door sill. 
 
 — khoi — 
 
 khoi 85 A river ; a creek ; a rivulet. 
 
 3il 10 khoi-ho ; rivers. khoi kaa 
 ci'-ko pun CO no a ; the stream here branches 
 off into two forks. khoi cui ti", im kau b6 
 
 khoi sua-pa; when the river rises the sand 
 banks are wholly submerged. i to khoi-ki" 
 
 tie" hu, ngo tieh kai nang khu thio khoi, khut 
 i kin tieh ; he was on the margin of the river 
 fishing with hook and line, when a man came 
 along and jumped into the river, and was 
 rescued by him. khoi chien cai ; the stream 
 is very shallow. khoi ciii jieh chim ? How 
 
 deep is the river? i 6i siu kiie khoi; he can 
 swim across the stream. lu ciah tieh khoi hu 
 ho a hai hu ho ? Which do you like best, the 
 fish from fresh or from salt waters ? pun cek 
 tio khoi-kia" tiii cie° p6i° khu ; sends off a 
 
 small branch to flow on the hither side, khoi 
 cui khfiu ; the mouth of a stream, ci tio khoi 
 kai ngwn-thfl,ii si to ti-ko ? Where does this 
 river have its source ? i k3,i cui-sli si lS,i tue 
 khoi cie" poi" ko lai ; the strongest current 
 flows along down this side the river. cie"-si 
 kai khoi bi lai coi cSi ; there is lately a great 
 quantity of inland rice coming in. khoi 
 
 kham ; the banks of the river. bi loh khoi 
 
 toi ; dive to the bottom of the river. khoi 
 
 teng to phah sua pe ; dredging out a passage 
 in the river. ci-ko kai khoi-min io khuah ; 
 
 the river is wider here. 
 
 khoi 18 To shave ; to trim and dress 
 884 7 hair, 
 ham kai thi-thau-kai lai khoi chiu ; call a bar- 
 ber to trim the beard. khoi mak-bai ; trim 
 the eyebrows. mai" to khoi, khoi lio jiet- 
 thia"; do not shave in a direction contrary to 
 that in which the hair naturally grows, if yoa 
 do it will smart after being shaved. khoi 
 thau-mo ; cut the hair. 
 
 '^Jj khoi 37 A covenant ; an agreement 
 >^ 349 6 intended to be enduring ; to 
 
 join ; adopted. 
 
 khoi ku ; documentary evidence. §.ng khoi ; a 
 stamped deed, peh khoi ; an unstamped deed, 
 sue khoi ; the official fee for stamping a docu- 
 ment, chang khoi, chii khoi; the deed for the 
 field, and for the house. lai khu i ko sii khoi 
 khuah ce ; going to his house to chat about 
 what happened while we were separated, khoi 
 pe ; an adopted father, in sie-khoi co ci-mue ; 
 they have entered into a compact with each 
 other that they v^'ill be sisters. i khoi i co a 
 hia°; he is bound to stand in the place of elder 
 brother to him. khoi kai cau-kia"; a daughter 
 adopted by a compact. cia si i kit khoi kai 
 
 hia"-ti; this is his brother, adopted by a 
 covenant. (Relationships thus entered into 
 
 are frequently unwholesome ones) . 
 
 khoi 211 To gnaw. 
 
 1080 6 i to khoi tu-kha-pg ; he is 
 gnawing a pig's foot, kak ko kut khut i khoi; 
 throw him a bone to gnaw. 
 
 — khoi" — 
 **H ffl^ khoi" To beat with a hammer 
 
 yU,y:t: 102 Hghtiy. 
 
 i to cp khoi" 6i-hue kai khang-khiie ; he is em- 
 ployed in making the ornaments that are used 
 upon silk shoes. 6a''-si choli choi-thau co cek 
 e khieh khu khu ko khoi"; take the three or 
 four lumps of dough and pound them up to- 
 gether in the mortar. 
 
316 
 
 DICTIONART OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 ^ 
 
 — khoili — 
 
 B^ khoih 109 The eyes closed so as not 
 P^ 600 To to perceive, 
 hfi SI, raSk m khoih; dead fish do not have 
 their eyes shut, i liie" ca cu khu sf-khoih ; 
 he is thus early abed and asleep ; he has his 
 eyes shut as if he were dead. 
 
 khoih 87 Hard pressed between two ; 
 356 4 violently pressed upon, 
 chi'u khoih tieh ; got his hand pinched, ni-hd 
 khut mng khoih tieh ; do not get pinched in 
 the door, khoih kku hueh lau ; pinched so as 
 to bring the blood, khoih phiu phue; pinched 
 80 as to abrade the skin, raai" sie khoih tieh ; 
 do not crowd upon each other. khoih bih ; 
 
 flattened by violent pressure. khoih ka''-na ; 
 pressed olives. khoih bue p6 ; dried pressed 
 plums. ka cia s! khoih i kai cap chut lai ; to 
 press sugar-cane is to squeeze out its juices. 
 Khoih tlo i k&i siap cap ; express its acrid juice. 
 
 khoih 140 The pods of legaminoas 
 356 7 plants, 
 tftu khoih ; bean-pods. kin.n! k&i tSu h(5 c&i, 
 khoih ne pii-pa; the beans are very fine this 
 year, the pods are quite full, tau-khoih-khak 
 phak ta Ho hd hia° hiie; pea-pods when dried 
 in the sun are good for fuel. b6i pe Ing- 
 
 khoih-tau ; buy a handful of string beans. 
 h6-lang tau ai" peh jin cha a si kku khoih cha? 
 Do you want the French beans shelled before 
 frying, or fried in the pod ? 
 
 ijg^ khoih 159 Gentle; lightly; gently. 
 *tbtl 407 7 i CO mih su to si khin kha 
 kh6ih chi'u, cQ-s6i cJii; he does everything very 
 gently, and is exceedingly careful. cfa tieh 
 
 khin kha kh6ih chiu cia" hd cp ; this can only 
 be done by one who is very gentle and careful. 
 c{a si soi-sfe k(ii mueh, ce m khin kha khoih 
 chiu cu miieh tio khu ; this is a delicate thing, 
 and any rough handling will spoil it. 
 
 — khok — 
 khok 80 To clear the throat. 
 553 6 khok fl hueh chut lai ; spat 
 blood, i ce khok-ce-k\e i cu cai ; as soon as he 
 made the sound of clearing his throat he under- 
 stood (the signal agreed upon). 
 
 khok 75 A board with a hole and 
 915 5 short handle, used by watch- 
 men to strike the hours. 
 
 khk khok, tng jl khok a bOe ? Has the watch- 
 men sounded the second watch yet ? lia thia°- 
 ki" sa" khok h^n-lio hue ut ; I had not yet been 
 asleep when the third watch struck, lii tiam- 
 
 ^ 
 
 m 
 
 tIam thia" thdi" kha kui khok ; yon listen in- 
 tently and see how many raps there are on the 
 watchman's board. 
 
 khok 164 Inhuman ; tyrannical. 
 Ipt 456 7 ci kai kua" tham khok; this 
 ofiicer is avaricious and tyrannical. khok- 
 
 ngiak ; inhuman, heng-huap cham-khok ; tlie 
 punishment is cruelly severe. 
 
 ll ^*tV ^I'ok-sok To start, to tremble, as an 
 J^L 823 ox at the sight of a lion, 
 kku ai" liah khu phoi" cue, thoi" tieh kai ie" cu 
 khok-sok ; when he was to be seized and taken 
 to trial, he appeared dreadfully frightened, 
 kia" kaa khok-khok sok-sok ; livid with fear, 
 
 — khong — 
 
 y^ khong 116 Void ; vacant. 
 
   I 464 8 khong-khong ju; entirely 
 empty, pue t5 khong tang; soar in the heavens, 
 kia kku i k&i hun pue t5 pua" khong teng ; so 
 frightened that he lost all presence of mind, 
 pheng khong bo kii, co-ni phah i ? Having no 
 reason for so doing, why did you strike him ? 
 phah khong khun kai bu oh co; fighting empty 
 banded is hard work, chi'e" kku khong-khong; 
 seized and carried off everything that was 
 there. khong mng; the abstracted class, 
 
 Buddhist priests. 
 
 /llrtl ny*^ khong-thong Rude; doltish; clown- 
 ||HJ \X^ 465 ish. 
 
 i sui si c\e° toa hwn-Ho mih su khong-khong 
 th6ng-th6ng ; although he is large, he is still 
 ver}' awkward and ignorant. 
 
 jti khdng 89 An orifice ; great. 
 J Li 465 1 khdng-chich khui phin ; 
 the peacock spreads its tail, i kai mak-khdng 
 khnah cSi ; his eyes Ave very large. i iS that 
 khong-cu cu a bd ? Has he read Confucius ? 
 i khii chue khdng huang hia"; he has gone in 
 search of the brother with the square hole, i.e. 
 cash, phah kku i chit khong lau hueh ; beat 
 him till the blood ran from the seven orifices 
 of his head, khj kku i chit khdng chut in ; so 
 angry that smoke issued from all the orifices of 
 his head. i kai min chit khdng se° co cek 
 
 phdng ; his features are all huddled together. 
 
 jjj^ khong 64 To accuse ; to inform the 
 JJC 465 ~S rulers. 
 
 khu kua^-hxi kp khong-kp; go before the magis- 
 ti'ate and accuse him. cia sng si bu khong i ; 
 this is probably a false charge against him. 
 niap-khong ; to trump up a charge against, 
 tl-hng kua" twn m tit, ciang-lai tieh ti-kka 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 317 
 
 Bian^-khbng ; if the local magistrate does not 
 decide the case rightly, it must in the future 
 be appealed to a higher court, hi" siang-kliotig 
 tieh in ci e cek cfing cuk cang khong khi khu, 
 put leng ho wt-khong; in appealing, one must 
 carry the case step by step from the lower to 
 the higher courts, one cannot appeal directly 
 to the high officers. 
 
 ♦^^ khbng 116 Unoccupied; vacant ; empty; 
 ^^rt 464 3 void. 
 
 bo kai si-hau oi tit khong ; have no time tin- 
 employed, i sai khui khong jieh coi ngun ; 
 expended a large amount of money, kho-pang 
 kai ngun khut i sai kliui-khong khu ; the 
 treasury was emptied by him. khut i sai 
 khong sa° SJ chng-ngau chek; he used up three 
 or four bins of paddy, from the public granary. 
 
 J^ khong 130 A big forehead. 
 
 651 4^ lai thoi" kai a-khong-than; 
 
 come and see the jester. i se° lai si a-khong 
 peh ; he is a natural clown. se° lai thau 
 
 khong-khong ; is big headed, like one who has 
 the rickets. 
 
 ^^ khong 64 Stupid ; doltish ; simple. 
 j^^\ 114 24 i kai nang, thoi" tleh kliong- 
 khi khong-khi ; he appears to be but half 
 witted. khong-khoug; very stupid, i khong 
 cai ; he is very dull, 
 
 — khp — 
 - ^' ^ khp 140 To annoy by interfering ; to 
 PJ 215 5 molest needlessly ; to vex 
 by criticism. 
 
 i mih su khp-khek cSi ; he is very exacting 
 about everything, i kvvn-thai nang to si khp- 
 kho khek-khek ; he treats people with needless 
 severity, huam vSU to m ho khp khiu; whatever 
 be the subject, it is not well to tire people by 
 repeated petitions. khq-ceng me" i ho"; an 
 inquisitive government is more savage than 
 a tiger. 
 
 khp 75 A large branch ; a helve ; a 
 
 423 6 handle, 
 che" khi lai io si lara-khp cek mang ; I awoke 
 and behold it was a dream. hwn lau cun ke 
 lai cip khp ; will still trouble Tour Excellency 
 to act as middle-man. 
 
 khp 167 A skillet ; a saucepan. 
 |PJ 489 9 kun coi" kai tang khp, jit- 
 kua ho cu pug, me"-kua ho kha ke", cek mueh 
 op no mueh eng ; the soldier's brass kettle may 
 be used in the day time for cooking rice, and 
 in the night for sounding the watch, one article 
 answering two purposes. 
 
 m 
 
 M 
 
 J^ khp 62 A javelin. 
 
 --^Ni 489 kang khp; shields and spears, 
 kang-klip si khi; civil war ensued. tong 
 
 kang-khp ; begin war. 
 
 khp 149 khp-ci ; an astringent nut, 
 216 ~5~ used for the toothache, and 
 other ailments, tieh eng kho-ci, sia cia" oi tit 
 cu ; must take this nut, and then the purging 
 will cease. 
 
 XXnt khp 80 The sound of laughter. 
 '^'^J 215 ^ chie kau khp-khp-kie, chie 
 hp-hp ; to laugh boisterously. 
 
 ~|-| I* khd 30 May; able; proper; competent. 
 "J 425 2 khp u ; detestable, khphun; 
 abominable. khd nau ; hatefuh khd iii ; 
 dreadful. khp keng; venerable. khp chie ; 
 laughable. khp sieh ; pitiable, khd-lien ; to 
 compassionate. khd-i"; allowable. khp-i" cd 
 tit ; it will do ; it may be done. sit-cSi khp- 
 lien ; it is indeed pitiable, sim si khp-u ; it is 
 very disgusting. ci kai nang cin-cin klid u ; 
 this man is truly despicable. hui tang sio 
 
 khp ; it is by no means a little thing. ia sX 
 
 sie khp kai su ; it is no trifling matter. lia 
 
 li bo klip bp put khp ; it does not matter to me 
 which way it is. ua thoi" li kh(5-i° put pit ; I 
 do not consider it to be absolutely neces.sary. 
 khp ho" li hue sin ; whether so or not send a 
 written reply. put khp ; unsuitable. u put 
 khp, bo put kh(5; whether you do or not is not 
 of much consequence. 
 
 85 To dry up; to run out; to ebb. 
 
 8 cui kli(5 a bue ? Is the tide 
 falling yet ? cui khi-thau khp ; the tide has 
 begun to ebb. khp kau tah-tah ; ebb so as to 
 leave the ground bare, lau toa a lau khp ? Is 
 the tide rising or falling ? khd kau ta lio ; it 
 is all run out. khd hue li ; not yet run dry. 
 khp ku-a chieh lio; it has abated by several 
 feet in height. ti" lau a si khd lau ? Is it 
 
 flood tide or ebb tide ? sin kam ciu, ciu to cfa- 
 ceng toi oi ti" oi khp ; when the gods partake 
 of the wine, the wine rises and falls in the cup. 
 
 +r|f khd 82 Unfortunate; not getting on. 
 »^' J 425 5 kham-khd; a valetudinarian ; 
 one always in trouble ; a ne'er-do-well. i ci 
 kui ni kham-kham khd-khd, b6 cek ni svin ; he 
 has for several years been very unfortunate, 
 without a single year of prosperity. 
 
 khd 181 A classifier of small round 
 _ . 425 8 objects, 
 i tit tieh cek khd me" meng cu ; he gained a 
 a gem that sparkles in the dark. 
 
 m ^ 
 
318 
 
 nCTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 ^ ro^ klio 167 Bullion ; paper representing 
 J/^C 489 8 bullion, 
 boi cbph ngiin-cua lai cih kbo ; buy some gilt 
 paper and fold it so as to represent bullion, 
 khp-tbau-si ; a small ingot witb a coil on 
 its top. 
 
 — kbob — 
 
 khph 80 To cough in order to get 
 429 9 something out of the throat. 
 jwn klipb, khoh m chut ; however much I 
 cough, I can't cough it up. 
 
 nt 
 
 kbph 10 Solicitous lest a thing mis- 
 405 12 carry ; cautious ; fearful, 
 cek kia" su khoh-kbph-sih ; is very solicitous 
 about this matter. kia° kkn khph-kh6h-8ih ; 
 in an agony of fear. 
 
 — kha — 
 
 fi||p khu 187 To drive on; to urge; to 
 i»^|HH 443 11 force; to lash on. 
 khu sia" tok mut ; to dispel noxious influences, 
 li-tiang khu-sai Hi lai ? Who urged you into 
 coming ? khu pia" coi°-ein ; urge the troops 
 forward. khu kau i m ka" lfl.i ; worked upon 
 his fears so that he did not come. i Qi khu 
 
 sin blah kiii ; he can animate the gods, and 
 detain the demons. khu cek kai kui chut lai 
 tong-tiiei; forced a demon to come out and 
 attend upon him. khu huang; expel the 
 
 wind, khu sip ; expel bad humors. 
 
 J-LL kha 82 A classi6er of parcels of land. 
 JJL 416 ~5 cek khu chang ; a field. ci 
 cek khu bng cu khuah ; this garden plot is 
 wide, ci khu ti tng nang u no sa° khu khuah; 
 this piece of ground is three or four times as 
 wide as theirs, in ci-kp kai chang-khu io oih; 
 their fields here are narrower, kek piah khu ; 
 the adjoining lot. i no nang i6 teh kha-khu ; 
 the two are playing draughts. 
 
 m 
 
 khu 64 To restrain ; to moderate ; 
 
 438 5 bigoted ; to grasp so as to 
 detain. 
 
 put khu ke cie to bp ; whether more or less is 
 no matter. lii khu toa soi ua long-cong ai"; 
 
 whether large or small I want all of them, 
 raien khu tia° ti cek jit ; need not fix any 
 particular day. mai" khu loi-sio ; do not be 
 
 formal. i kai nang khab kbu-cip ; he is too 
 
 set in bis own way. cp su khah kbu-ni ; acts 
 too willfully. ce bp nang khu-sok cu theng 
 
 cp ; whenever be is without some one to restain 
 him he acts recklessly. thek cbe khu kiu ; 
 
 send constables to seize and examine. 
 
 jn khu 158 The body, the person. 
 
 IM 443 11 i kai sin-khu lo kui'-toa; 
 he is rather tall and stout. i kai sin-khu I'o 
 6i 86i ; he is rather short and small. 
 
 khu 23 To assign a place for. 
 
 442 9 lia cu u kbu-chu ; I have a 
 good plan for it. khu-piet m§ng-peh ; dis- 
 
 criminate clearly. 
 
 Pro* khu 167 To sit on the heels ; to squat. 
 Jr-^ 1021 12 khu Iph khu, t6h khi lai; 
 s(|uat down and pick it up. i khu id hii- 
 
 kp, tang i ; he is squatting there waiting 
 for him. 
 
 Lit khu 184 A mortar ; a socket. 
 |— I 414 cfa bi si ceng hue khfl k&i 
 a si ceng cieh khQ kai ; was this rice pounded 
 in a chunan mortar or in a stone mortar ? 
 khQ 66i cheng-kliih Ho khut i la : ua° ce ai" 
 ceng kue ; wash the mortar clean and let it dry 
 in the air : after a little while I am going to 
 pound up the ingredients for a cake. khtt- 
 
 ki'a"; a small mortar. ieh-khQ ; a mortar for 
 triturating medicines. ci kai mng-kha-khti 
 
 lleh Qa°; the socket in which this door turns 
 must be renewed, hu ki kbu-kiV-thui lu-ki"- 
 khu ; the pestle to this little mortar is missing, 
 kha kut puah chut khu ; he fell and dislocated 
 his thigh bone, i kdi chiu cp-ni 6i chut khu ? 
 How did he dislocate his shoulder joint ? nin 
 cek jit sio u jieh coi kha bi ? How many mor- 
 tars full of rice do you consume in a day ? 
 thang-iu-hue khu ; a mortar used in making 
 putty. su to m kui khu ; the matter does not 
 take a manageable shape. ci kSi tui in kah ci 
 kai khu ; this pounder does not fit this mortar, 
 cp cek khu khah ti", tieh cp n6 khu ceng ; there 
 is too much for one pounding, you must make 
 two of it. mng-t6i° khu ; sockets in a door- 
 sill, for bars to stand in. 
 
 , — khua — 
 
 khua 149 To boast ; to brag ; con- 
 468 6 ceited. 
 khua-kbau ; boastful. mih su m-bp khah cu 
 khua ; one should not laud himself too much in 
 anything, i khua-ciang i kau hi'a cia° 6i ; he 
 extoled his being so upright and able. tie 
 
 ta° chut lai khah khua ; the style in which he 
 talks is too grandiloquent. lia tbia" tieh i 
 
 kai ue khiam-khua khiam-khua ne ; I thought 
 bis manner of speaking both modest and self- 
 respectful. 
 
DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 319 
 
 B^ kbua 130 The thigliH. 
 J}^ 468 6 khia be cu tieh fi khna lak ; 
 in riding on horseback one needs strength of 
 thigh. ai" lien kau u khua lak si co-ni lien ? 
 If one wishes to develop strength of thigh, in 
 what way should he exercise ? 
 
 /sl khua 9 To depend upon for safety 
 IRJ 279 8 or help. 
 
 i si khua ti-tiang kai si ? On whose influence 
 does he rely ? khua pat nang kai si 11 bo eng; 
 it is of no use to trust to the influence of any 
 one else. khua i kai si to ci gua j\vn co ; 
 
 relying on his influence, he acts in a disorderly 
 manner when out here. ua bo lak ho khut 
 
 nang khua ; I have no power for people to 
 take advantage of. ni'n ai'' khiia lia kai si li 
 mai" lai ; if you are going to depend upon my 
 influence then do not come. 
 
 JHp?l khua J37 To run aground. 
 'Jj^C 1022 7 cun khua sua; the boat 
 grounded on a sandbank, cun kia" kau hu-ko 
 khua chien ; having gone thus far, the boat 
 grounded in the shallows, khua to cieh teng; 
 ran upon the rocks. cun khua tieh ; the boat 
 is aground. ci'-ko khah chi'en, klu'ong-ai 
 
 khua; it is too shallow here, there is danger 
 of running aground. oi khua tieh, tieh loh 
 khu leng ; if aground, wo must get overboard 
 and push. 
 
 l^ khua 122 An impediment; to fall into 
 
 . 467 6 a snare ; to hinder. 
 
 khua-go ; to hinder, as a snag stops a sailing 
 boat, i in-ni kong su khua-go ti-kau sia jIm ; 
 he was so ill at ease in his public work that he 
 resigned his office. khua-gai; impeded by 
 
 obstacles. cie"-se" ti-kau khua-gai tieh ; was 
 in this way biought to a standstill. 
 
 ,^|±r khua 16 To lean on heavily for snp- 
 JXj. 700 6 port. 
 
 khua to chng teng ; lean on the table. bo-ko 
 ho khua chiu ; have nothing to rest the hand 
 upon. i kai chi'u khua to lang-kang ko ; he 
 
 was leaning on the balustrade. ci ko lang- 
 
 kang lauh-hauh, m ho ham sin khiia loh khu ; 
 this railing is old and shaky, you must not 
 lean your whole weight upon it. 
 
 ■^fcl- khua 64 Anxious ; in suspense ; to 
 J^5 467 8 hang upon, 
 khua-lu ; anxious and ti'oubled. lia khiia sim 
 cai ; I am very anxious about it. khiia ho ; a 
 label attached, ci ki kun si ti-tiang khua-siie ? 
 Who acts as commander-in-chief of this army ? 
 
 m 
 
 — khua' — 
 
 khua" 40 Slowly; leisurely; gently; 
 477 12 easy, 
 tsiug lu khua"-khua° cp; await your leisurely 
 action. khua"-khua° kia" ; walk quietly on. 
 khua" se-su ; ease off a little. li khua" ce, 
 
 mai" li khah me"; do it gently, do not be too 
 hasty in setting it right. khua"- khua" ta"; 
 tell it slowly. m tieh khua"-khua" ta", mai" 
 li-kwn Jiang ; why don't you say what yoa 
 have to say in an easy way, and not keep 
 screaming ? i kai nang khua" sim khua" se", 
 un-jiu cai; she is a person of very easy disposi- 
 tion, and exceedingly gentle. h(5 khua" kai cu 
 khua", ho kin kai cu kin; let that go which may 
 well be deferred, and press forward that which 
 ought to be hastened on. i kai khek chie lai ii 
 khua" u kin ; he sings some parts of the ballad 
 slowly, and some parts rapidly, lu khua"-khua° 
 sie"; you think it over at your leisure. khua"- 
 khua" oh, kii cu pat ; keep on at a slow steady 
 pace in learning it, and after awhile you will 
 know it. khua"-khua° ciah ; take your time 
 in eating. m tieh khua" ce, mai" hiong-hiong 
 huh -huh ; why should you not take your time 
 for it, and not be iu such a flurry. 
 
 khua" 40 Lax; loose; large; spacious; 
 477 12 too relax; to widen, 
 pak khua" ce, mai" pak khah kin ; tie it loosely, 
 do not tie it too tightly. ci sang 6i khah 
 
 khua"; these shoes are too large for me. juah 
 thi"-si bueh tieh khua" ce cia" koi cheng ; in 
 hot weather the hose must be rather large, 
 then they are easily put on. khut lu kua li io 
 khiia", khut lia kiia li io kin ; it hangs more 
 loosely upon you than upon me. ci kai giia 
 
 lia" khua" cSi, ho phak chek ; this outer area 
 is very roomy, and suitable for drying paddy, 
 pak khah khua" khut i cau khu ; tied him too 
 loosel}^ and he escaped. cie"-se" khah khiia", 
 tieh lai ci" i kin ce ; that is too loose, it must 
 be made tighter by a wedge, cek e kii cii lok- 
 lok khua"; as time passes, it gradually becomes 
 looser, cheng kii cu khiia"; it grows looser in 
 the wearing. ci sang ia boi khah khiia", ia 
 
 boi khah kin, tii-tii kah ; this pair is neither 
 too loo.se nor too tight, but exactly the right 
 size. hu kai ti-hng io khua"-cheng ; that 
 
 space is the more roomy. sob pang khiia" ce ; 
 pay out a little more rope. 
 
 khiia" 109 To discover by divination. 
 316 4 khiia" mia"; to tell for- 
 tunes, kai mia" eng khiia" jieh coi ci"P How 
 much must one pay for having his fortune 
 told ? khiia" su ; to find ont things by divina- 
 
320 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 tioH. kliua" tleh rn hd ; discovered by divina- 
 tion that it was unlucky, i kai niia" khua" \ki 
 tieli cSi ; his fate was very accurately foretold, 
 i khua" tit chut i soi-soi cQ b6 a-pe a khua" m 
 chut? Did he divine that she was fatherless 
 from infancy, or not ? hwn lau sin-se" lu kio 
 lia cai khua*" ce ; will trouble you, Sir, to make 
 another effort to divine my fate ? 
 
 idt 
 
 khna" 
 471 
 
 61 Pleasure. 
 
 ~4 kliua"-uah ; at ease, com- 
 fortable. khua"-khua'' uah-uah ; without 
 hardship of any sort, kang-kho co, khua"-uah 
 ciah ; work hard, and eat comfortably. tu-hd 
 tham khua"-uah ; one should not covet ease. 
 
 — khuah — 
 
 R^ khuah 169 Wide ; largo ; broad ; liberal j 
 |<pj 493 9 extensive, 
 ai" CO jieh khuah ? How wide do you want it 
 made ? cia khuah kue hi'a ; this is wider than 
 that, khah khuah ; too wide. ai co io khnah 
 se-su ; I want it made a little wider. ci kai 
 
 khuah ; this one is the widest. khuah-khuah 
 toa-toa ; capacious. i kai chij lu chim lu 
 
 khuah ; his house is both wide and long, 
 khuah chili ; a big mouth, chiii khuah-khuah, 
 chiu no phuah ; a large mouth with two tufts 
 of moustache over it. chiii peh khuah ; open 
 your mouth wide, i kai sim-heng khui-khuah; 
 Lis ideas are liberal. cf-k5 fo khui-khuah, 
 
 hu-ko khak ak-sak ; it is more airy here, there 
 one is too closely shut in. i kai mak-khang 
 khuah c5i ; his eyes are very large. khwn- 
 
 khuah ; spacious. cfa ue ta" khu khah u- 
 
 khuah ; this language is too vague. khuah si 
 jieh coi chieh, Ing si jieh coi chieh ? What is 
 its width and length, reckoned in feet ? khia 
 ki chieh khu nie thoi" jiuh khuah ; take a foot- 
 rule and go and measure it and see how wide 
 it is. khuah ng sa"; a wide sleeved gown, 
 
 fim-nia tieh leng-ua" lie khuah ce ; cut the col- 
 lar a little wider than before, khuah kue kak- 
 tie"-po ; broader than a parade ground. nS,ng- 
 min khuah, kho-kha lib ; with an extensive 
 acquaintance, one wears split trowsers. su 
 
 khoi khuah ; talk about what happened while 
 we were separated. sim-heng khuah-tak; a 
 
 noble and generous nature. 
 
 — khiiai — 
 
 *j^it. khuai 61 Glad ; cheerful ; pleasure ; 
 I^V 471 4 alacrity; rapid ; prompt, 
 klmai-lak; in good spirits, ciu-jit to si khuai- 
 khuai lak-lak, mien hwn-ld ; is as happy as the 
 day is long, and has no occasion for sorrow, 
 khuai-i ; delightsome. ci kla° su co khu 
 
 klmai-i c5i ; this affair has come about in a 
 very satisfactory way. ci kai ui-cliu sira si 
 
 liang-khiiai; this place is delightfully cool, 
 song-khuai ; comfortable; easy and contented, 
 i mih-su to si song-song khiiai-khtiai, boi khu- 
 thi ; everything goes smootlily with him, and 
 he has nothing to bother hhn. sin-cie" ili 
 
 song-khuai; is quite unwell, cek si cu khiiai; 
 a moment's pleasuie. i id tng be-kliiiai ; he 
 is a thief detector in a magistrate's office, 
 khiiai-pang; thief-catchers. khuai cun; a 
 
 fast boat, khuai hia; military boots, thiang 
 khuai ; keen. ik" lai thiang- khiiai c&i ; very 
 sharply said. 
 
 khiiai 18 To cut off, to amputate, to 
 485 18 decollate ; to cut in two. 
 khiiai-cu-sfu ; an executioner, i si siang mia°- 
 ke kai khijai-cu-sin, cek hue 5i thai kui peh 
 nftng, c6k nfing cek e Ip ; he is a very expert 
 headsman, and can decapitate several hundred 
 men at one time, with one stroke of the knife 
 to each. 
 
 — kbnak — 
 khuak 64 To stretch a thing till it 
 493 15 becomes large, 
 kliuak-chong ; to expand. chui-khuak ; to 
 
 dilate upon. 
 
 — khuang — 
 
 khnang 169 A frame, or casing. 
 479 6 miig-khuang ; tlie casing 
 
 of a door. kia° khuang; a picture fmme. cieh 
 mng-tau-khuang; a stone door-frame. 
 
 /kS khuang 9^ To subvert ; to waste. 
 1^ 408 11 ti-kku khuang ke; to bring 
 about the overthrow of a family, i kliut ci kai 
 kia"-tl, jd kau khuang ke tong sang; the family 
 was impoverished by this son's squandering of 
 its substance. i kai ke cu si khut i hai kaa 
 khuang khu; their family has been impover- 
 ished by him. chii khuang-td khu; the house 
 has fallen in ruins, khuang sia" khuang kok ; 
 subvert the city and overturn the empire. 
 
 1^1 khnang 81 A pen ; a coop; a circle ; a 
 
 |J^ 451 8 ring- 
 
 ang-cun khuang; a quail pen. liah tieh no 
 
 ciah peh-mak-khuang ; caught two of the birds 
 which have a ring of white around their eyes, 
 lai khu cio khuang teng thoi" nang phah cio ; 
 let us go to the cock-pit and see the fighting, 
 thio m chut khuang; cannot jump over the 
 boundary of the cock-pit. phah su kai cii pue 
 chut khuang; the one beaten in the fight flies 
 out of the pen. cek khuang ang-aug ceng khi 
 lai ; a red circle swelled up. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 821 
 
 khiiarg 181 An instant; a moment; 
 422 ~2 just now. 
 khuang-khek bo li ; were not separated for a 
 moment, khuang-kbek cu kang cu 6i bwt ge 
 bwt bieb, kbui bue, kit ci; in an instant of 
 time it buds, puts fortb leaves, blossoms and 
 bears fruit. 
 
 Bt| kbuang 154 To confer, as a largess or 
 ^/L 254 6 bounty, 
 
 tbien kbuang; the airing clothes festival, on 
 the 6tb of the 6tb moon. ai° eng co kbuang 
 Bgi, a si ai" lob co kau kbuang? Shall I 
 speak of it as "a suitable present" or as 
 " a generous gift" ? 
 
 "pCI kbijang 7 Furthermore ; moreover ; a 
 ^ij 2u4 5 time ; a period, 
 ho kbuang si lu ! How much the more since it 
 is you ! kbuang kiam i iu i7i to ; and besides 
 all that, be is not at home, kbuang-cbia" tbi" 
 Iu lob bo, co-ni bo kbu ? And in addition to all 
 that, it rains, so bow can we go ? kbuang-iu 
 nl lau ; moreover be is advanced in years, bo 
 kbuang si cie°-se°; and bow much the more 
 since it is thus, keng kbuang cai-se"? How go 
 the times with you ? cie^-si kai keng-kbiiang 
 ho me ? Do the times go well with you lately ? 
 cfi-lai ksii keng kbuang to m h(5, ta° cia" ciam- 
 ciam bp ; heretofore the times have gone ill 
 with me, now they are gradually improving. 
 
 ^kbuang 32 The vault or pit under a 
 480 15 tomb ; a solitude, 
 liu cek kai khiaang ; dig a grave. chwn 
 
 kbuang ; make a vault for a coflBn. ci khau 
 phun bu toi si sang kbiiang kai ; this grave 
 has within it two vaults for coffins. ku ni bo 
 siu-sip, kai kbuang thap lob kbu ; it has not 
 been repaired for many years, and the vault 
 bas caved in. kbuang toi kai mueb f-Q-li bp, 
 kiu cia" bp lob kbuang ; after all things are 
 arranged in the vault, the coffin may then be 
 lowered into it. khuang-ia ; a desert; a 
 
 wilderness. 
 
 kbiiang 94 Imprudent; extravagant; 
 479 4 rasb. 
 i kai cbiu-th9,a kbuang cSi ; he is very free- 
 banded, i kai chiu-tbau kbuang kui°-s]°, 
 mib su to si kbuang-kbuang h'-kwn eai ; he is 
 accustomed to be free-handed, and on all 
 occasions he spends rashly and extravagantly, 
 ci kai eng ci° li khab kbuang, ci kai eng ci" li 
 khab siap; the one uses money too imprudently, 
 ^bile the other is too close-fisted. 
 
 Rro kbuang 72 Vacant ; empty; waste; ex- 
 (M 480 15 tensive, 
 kbong-kbong kbuang-kbuang; waste and void, 
 u-gua bwn chun cek ko khuang tl kbuah- 
 kbuah; there remains besides an extensive piece 
 of unoccupied ground. hang l&i tl cdk k9.i 
 
 kbiiang tia"; in this alley there is a wide vacant 
 area, kbuang tia" ciu ui u it ji cap ke ; around 
 this waste space are ten or twenty houses, 
 with families dwelling in them. 
 
 )x |t khuang 
 
 94 Mad; insane; raving; wild. 
 4 ngp tieh cek ciah kbuang 
 kfiu jvvn pui ; came across a rabid dog barking 
 furiously. i cp su khuang-biiang c5i ; he acts 
 in a very eccentric manner. ta" ue mai" 
 
 kbuang-kbuang buang-buang tbeng ta"; do not 
 talk in that extravagant and incoherent way. 
 ciu ce lob to cu kbuang ; as soon as he swallows 
 liquor he becomes crazed. i si bwt kbuang, 
 m-bd kbu cbai i ; be is out of bis head, pay no 
 attention to him. i kai su-se° kbuang cS,i ; ho 
 is very rash and headstrong, kbuang-kbuang 
 li-li eng; go ahead and use without judgment, 
 khuang huang me" ho ; furious gusts and driv- 
 ing rain. 
 
 /^B kbiiang _9^ Aslant ; falling ; inclined. 
 I ^>> 408 11 kbuang-kbuang-lp; upset; 
 subverted. i kui nang pe° kau kbiiang- 
 
 kbiiang-tp; they are all prostrated with disease, 
 in-ui CO ku bo, cbpb cbii eng kai khiiang- 
 kbiiang-tp ; on account of the long continued 
 rain, tbe houses are all tumbling down. 
 
 — khue — 
 
 Xin^ khue 82 A clay crucible used by 
 XWi 489 9^ goldsmiths, 
 khue-ki'a" eng wn ho, tieh kbu boi ke cbpb 
 khue-kia" pang-kp ; tbe crucibles are all used 
 up, we must go and buy some more of them to 
 have on band. bii cbpb ngun mng khut ua 
 
 kbieb lob khue-kia" ie° kliu ; I have put that 
 silver into the crucible and melted it up. 
 
 khue 115 Rank ; gradation, series ; to 
 424 4 class, to estimate ; to prac- 
 tice, as in medicine ; literary examinations, 
 for the two lower degrees, 
 khue-kbau khau wn cii hue se khau khue-ku, 
 khue-k^ siu wn en, cie" kia" hok-ci ; the exam- 
 inations for the fiist degree having been passed 
 through in their order, one repairs to the pro- 
 vincial city for examination for the second 
 degree, and having passed that he goes to the 
 capital to return thanks for the imperial favor, 
 thau ni si site khau, toi" ji ni si khue-khaa ; 
 
822 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 the first year is the examination for both civil 
 and military candidates, and the second year 
 is the examination for civil degrees only. hii 
 kiii nl in-ui kak chu hwn-lwu bo khui klme ; 
 daring those years, no examinations wore held, 
 on account of there being revolts everywhere, 
 pang-khue ; the business department of the 
 yamun. i si khue mak chut sin ; he rose 
 
 through his scholarship. i si cia" khue teng 
 kai a si un khue teng kai ? Did ho get his 
 degree of k^i-jln at the regular, or at an extra 
 examination ? i si khue kah chut sin, a d 
 
 kien pang chut sin ? Did he get his office by 
 merit or by purchase ? hu k&i si tl cek khue 
 kai ne? At what examination did ho get his 
 degree? cIo" khue ; the late examination, 
 
 lak khue ; the six bureaus which manage in- 
 ternal affairs in the Imperial city, khue nil; a 
 hamper carried by students into the examina- 
 tions, khue-tio" kuu 16 ; the examinations are 
 near at hand. khue tSi"; grades of scholar- 
 ship; literary degrees. ci kai .si ui iSi-khue, 
 hii kai si ui gua-khue ; this one treats internal 
 diseases, and that one treats skin diseases, ci 
 k9.i si sin khue c6-ngwn ; this is the senior 
 wrangler of the late examination. i li ceng 
 
 Dgan khue, i li ceng hu khue; this one is an 
 eye doctor, and that one treats female disoasea. 
 hu kai li mia°.ke ui sio ji khne ; that one is 
 skillful in the treatment of children's diseases, 
 ci kai toa° ui cek ie° cu khue ; this one is a 
 specialist, treating only small pox. u cSk 
 
 khue c\u-iu khue, nang k\e-cp cok-iu khue kai: 
 ci-ko u nftng oi a b6 ? There is a medical 
 practice which consists in writing and burning 
 charms, and people call it the practice of 
 cursing or blessing: is there such a practitioner 
 about here anywhere ? ai" c6-ni lai khue i 
 kai cue? Where should his crime be classed ? 
 fi no ie" ciie cu si chong tSng kai khue-tvVn ; 
 ■where there are too sorts of crimes for which 
 the same person is to be punished the greater 
 crime is the one for which he is tried. 
 
 khue 194 The chief, the highest; the 
 
 486 4 first of a class. 
 
 khue-che°.ia cu si khue-tau-che"-kan ; the God 
 of Literature is the one who resides in the con- 
 stellation of the Dipper, ngwn khue ; the first 
 on the list; the head, (as of a band), kham-kai 
 ho teng ngo kia° khue ; worthy of being placed 
 among the five who head the list of cin-su ; 
 graduates, bun khue ; a literary chief, i kai 
 iong-mSu" khue-ngo ; he has an imposing pre- 
 sence, kong cu siu cia, cue cu khue; the leader 
 is held to be guiltiest of all. hue ciam peh hue 
 khue ; the plum blossom is the first to appear. 
 
 khue 149 To play with ; to laugh at ; 
 f*^ 487 6 to ridicule, 
 cia si id ta" khue-hai kai ue ; this is a jest. 
 mai° id khue-hai ; do not jibe and jeer. i cb 
 to m tiain-tlam cO, to u hua" kai khue-kai ; he 
 does not keep steadily at his work, but is all 
 the time making sport. ta" ue to si khue- 
 
 khue ha,i-hai, hai nSng chie boi tit hiali ; he 
 is always jesting, and making people laugh. 
 
 khne 61 To enlarge; to magnify. 
 487 ^ khue-hok ti-e ; recovered 
 the whole land (as from rebels). lia ceng toa 
 pia" kio cliio-tljeng khue-hok coi 8ia°-ti ; I 
 have lead the troops and recovered many cities 
 for the government. 
 
 khue 103 A helmet, a casque, a 
 487 "cT defense for the head, 
 cheng kQa khue kah ; wear both helmet and 
 cuirass. i to khui th^u-khae pho ; he keeps 
 a shop for the sale of helmets. tin-thai cek 
 
 kii th^u-khue cien-kak ngia c&i the brigadier 
 general's helmet and armor are very beautiful, 
 khue-kah chi°-mdDg ; armor newly burnished. 
 
 i* 
 
 khue 149 An exercise ; a task ; what 
 p/^ 425 8 comes in order ; to essay ; 
 to see what the issue will be ; literary pursuita^ 
 to levy taxes. 
 
 kia'-jit tiii khue khi, da ki' l&i co khue; 
 to-day is the set time for writing essays, 
 and I am going to prepare one. nan cua* 
 
 nftng lai hue khiie ; let us all compete in 
 writing essays. hQe khiie lio, kai khue bua 
 hi" khut tl-tiang th6i° ? After completing the 
 essays, to whom shall we present them for 
 examination ? khiie t^i ; the subject of the 
 
 essay. ph6ng tieh theng e khue; chanced 
 
 upon a theme already written upon. cia si 
 
 cu-i° k&i gueh khue ; this is the monthly trial 
 in compo.sing essays at the college. i cfi-lai 
 kai theng khue chau cp cek png ; the composi- 
 tions he has heretofore written are copied into 
 one volume. lak jim khiie ; the book of rules 
 for deducing good or ill luck. ci kai jit si k6 
 chii kai kit khue ; this day is a fortunate one 
 for marrying or giving in marriage. cia sng 
 si chio-theng kok khue ; this is a tax levied by 
 the government throughout its dominions. 
 
 khiie 25 To divine; to forecast events; 
 467 6 a sign ; divining marks, 
 pok khue ; to divine. si ai" pok ku khiie a 
 
 chiam khue? Will you in divining make use of 
 the tortoise shell or of the splints ? i kai khue 
 cin cSi; the indication of luck proved true. 
 
Dictionary of the swatow DiAtEct. 
 
 823 
 
 hu kliui kliufc i pok kai kliue; let us go and have 
 hiiu forecast for us. cf kai kliue ciin cfti ; this 
 sign was verified. pien khue ; the luck 
 
 changed. poih khue ; the divining lines or 
 
 diagrams said to have been invented by Fuh- 
 hi. khien khvie, tue khiie, li khue, cin khue, 
 sun khue, kham khue, kun khiie, khnn khue ; 
 the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, 
 seventh, and eighth of the diagrams. khien 
 ui pe, khun ui bp, cin ui ciang-lam, kham ui 
 tong-lam, kun ui sio-lara, sixn ui ciang-nng, li 
 ui tong-nng, tue ili sio nug ; the first diagram 
 denotes the father, the eighth the mother, the 
 fourth the eldest son, the sixth the middle son, 
 the seventh the youngest son, tlie fifth the 
 eldest daughter, the third the middle daughter, 
 the second the youngest daughter. khien ui 
 thi", khun ui tl, cin ui lui, kham ui ciii, kun 
 fii sua", sun ui bak, li ui hiie, tQe ui cSk ; the 
 first diagram denotes the heavens, the eighth 
 earth, the fourth thunder, the sixth water, the 
 seventh mountains, the fifth wood, the third 
 fire, the second vapor. 
 
 i^Xt khi^ie 61 Speedy; hasty; quick; prompt. 
 l/V 471 4 khue-khue khuco; go quickly 
 and do it. khiie cai ; very speedy, cau thoi" 
 ti-tiang khue ; run and see who will be quick- 
 est, thak thoi" ti-tiang khije pat ; study and 
 see who will learn it soonest. khue ce; hurry 
 up a little. cp khue se-su ; do it a little more 
 rapidly. mai" khah khiie ; do not be in too 
 
 great haste, khiie khu li khiie lai ; the sooner 
 you go the sooner you will get back. co Q 
 
 cle° khue? How is it that you have done it so 
 soon ? cia si mang ce'ng kai a si khiie ceng 
 kai ? Is this a species that grows slowly, or one 
 that grows rapidly ? cx-kp ti-tho ho, ngp tieh 
 ■thi°-si iu h(5 cia" cie" khiie hwt ; the soil here 
 is good and when the season is also good it 
 comes up very early. i kai kha chfu khue; 
 she is quick in her motions. khiie kiie ie ; 
 
 swifter than a kite, ci ciah fo khiie kau ; this 
 one will reach there soonest, khiie khui khio ; 
 become discerning when still very young. ai° 
 khue, tin-tp mang; the more haste the less 
 speed. ci ie° mueh fo khtie s^kj this cooks 
 
 quicker. 
 
 — khueh — 
 
 khueh 169 A blank ; a deficiency ; to 
 448 10 exercise reserve; defective; 
 wanting in. 
 
 khueh-gi ; a mental reservation. ci kia° sii 
 
 chia" khueh-gi pang kp ; do not giye this full 
 credence at once. ci phien cu khiong-iii si u 
 khueh-bun; I fear this leaf has" a hiatus in the 
 
 text. ci phien bfin-cie" i°-keng khueh mla" 
 
 khu, ih cai ti-tiang kili ; this essay wants the 
 signature and I do not know whoso it is. ci 
 kii cu kai ngi khueh; the meaiuiig of this 
 passage is lost, clip kaii jim cu ai" sia khueh ; 
 on arriving at one's post, one makes obeisance 
 (toward the Imperial Palace). 
 
 Mjr khueh 121 The duties of an office ; a 
 [y\, 448 ~4 post ; to lack, 
 hu kai ti-hng si kang khueh a si hwn khueh ? 
 Is that station reckoned as an easy or as a 
 hard post? m si, si tong khueh ; it is neither, 
 it is an ordinary post, m pi cukp si io khueh, 
 ia si toa khueh ; it is not so important a post 
 as this, but it is an important one. lu si p6 
 tl-tiang kai khueh ? Whose place are you sup- 
 plying ? khui khueh ; to resign, to leave a 
 vacancy. tang ti kp u chut khueh cia° hp ui 
 su ; wait till there is a vacancy, then take the 
 place. cia sng si hp khueh ; this is a good 
 situation. ci kai khueh-hun hp cai; this is a 
 lucrative office. klio khueh ; a difficult place 
 to fill. sie khueh ; an unimportant office. 
 i hiiam ii khueh-hwt to si i to c\o-kii i ; iu 
 whatever he is deficient, he is always aiding 
 him. che thoi" oi khueh cie sim mueh ; ex- 
 amine and see whether anything is licking, 
 seng-li oi khueh png a boi ? Do you lack 
 capital for your business. khueh khiam ; to 
 be short of. i hwn-lio khueh ua cek choi* 
 ngun ; he still owes me a thousand dollars, 
 boi khueh-khiara ; there is no deficiency. bd 
 khueh bp khiam li bp cp pe kia", bp un bp wn 
 li bo cp ang cia ; without some short comings 
 there is not full opportunity for the exercise of 
 parental and filial love, without grievance and 
 forgiveness there is not true conjugal devotion. 
 
 — klmh — 
 
 ZjjZt khiih 12 To stew ; to boil in water 
 
 //Hi5 1117 10 with a noise. 
 
 khuh kau mi^-mi"; boil it soft. khieh khu 
 
 huang-16 khuh kau lok-lok thue-thue ; take 
 
 it to the portable furnace and stew it to a 
 
 porridge. 
 
 — khui — 
 
 n^^ khui 72 In opposition, as the sun and 
 ry\ 487 9 moon; distant from; separated; 
 absent. 
 
 khui ui jit kii ; our stars have been in opposif 
 tion many days ; we have long been separated. 
 n9 nftng kai sira cng kai khui-keh, m sie hah ; 
 their hearts are estranged from each other, and 
 not in unison, i kai sim li-khui ; his affectionB 
 are sundered* pok tieh khui khiie, khioug-iit 
 
324 
 
 DICTIONART OF THB 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 kliu kh.u h^i-kp ng5 i m tieli; I have divined, and 
 have thus gotten an omen denoting absence, so 
 I fear that on going there I shall not find hira. 
 
 khui 169 To open ; to unfold ; to un- 
 308 4 loose ; to particalarize ; to 
 initiate ; to start. 
 
 khui mng ; open the door, khui cun ; to loose 
 the boat from moorings and start. li m khui 
 sin ; could not get away (on account of business), 
 i bue pat khui kiie ngan ; he has not yet got 
 his eyes open ; he has not had experience. el 
 kai ngan sin khui lai hd cfti ; these eyes (of an 
 idol) are made so as to be very expressive, 
 khui ni cu iS; in the beginning of the year there 
 are some, khui cek fio 16; make a road, khui 
 hue ; to blossom. lfi,i khu khui sim khui sim 
 ce ; let us go and divert ourselves somewliat. 
 khui mang lo ; to clear the way for a spirit, 
 khui lo sien hong ; to lend the van. lu h(5 
 
 khui-koi i thia"; you explain it to hira. pi" 
 
 thiah khui; unbraid the queue, sin tliiah khui; 
 to open a letter. i k&i sa°-nfu koi-khui ; un- 
 button his jiicket. po" m khui, khah siap ; I 
 can't pull it open, it is too tight (as a door), 
 ci khi keng tSeh lak toa hue cia° thi tit khui; 
 this bow must bo drawn by some one who has 
 great strength then it can be stretched. ni&k 
 siap cfii, tie" i7i khui ; I am so sleepy I cannot 
 hold my eyes open, i c6-ni tiam-tlam, i7i khui 
 chili? Why does he remain silent, and not 
 open his mouth ? khta khui ce ; stand farther 
 off. ning PI khui t5 ko a si kue" to ko ? Is the 
 door open or shut? khui theng lai lara ; open 
 the window and peep out. kha khieh khui ; 
 take your feet off it. kui i khui pang ko Ifi, 
 fnai" kham ; leave it open to the air, and do 
 not put a cover over it. nmg pang i khui 
 
 pang ko cii hd, mai" kue"; leave the door open, 
 do not close it. tie" tieh toa hu tieh pang i 
 
 khui h'o cia" chiu i hua ; when you catch a large 
 fish on your hook, let him run off and after- 
 ward draw him in. peh khui f break open 
 with the fingers. kha i khui; open it by 
 rapping it. cf kai sd-th&u co-nS khui m khui ? 
 What is the reason that this lock will not un- 
 lock ? khui fd-thau ; unlock a lock. pb-to 
 chili tieh the i khui, cla" jih tit loh ; you must 
 stretch open the mouth of the wallet, then you 
 can stuff them in. leug khui ; push open. 
 p6ih khui ; pull open. buah khui ; shove 
 aside. cau khui ; run off. ham i can khui ; 
 tell him to stand aside. kie i kia" khui ce ; 
 tell hira to go further off. khui mia"; make 
 out a list of names. phah m khui sin ; does 
 not box hard enough to drive away the sand 
 bag. khui toa"; make out an order sio khut 
 
 i khui ta" khu ; the bill was made out wrongly 
 by hira. khui heng sa°; a jacket open in front, 
 lu hd khui tliu i thia'^; you give him directions 
 as to the way. li rn khui ; cannot manage it. 
 tang khai thi" ti i" lai ; since the creation of 
 the world. (Q khui thi"-tl kau ta"; from the 
 creation till now. hun khui ki" jit; there is 
 a rift in the clouds and the sun appears, khui 
 h&ng; open a warehouse. khui pho ; keep a 
 shop. i kai ue ta" ra khui kau ; he keeps 
 
 talking about it. si" thi khui lio co-ni h&p m 
 bua? Why is it thafc I cannot shut the fan 
 after opening it ? 
 
 khui 141 Lacking; a deficiency; a griev- 
 486 11 ance ; to injure ; to annoy. 
 bSi khui-kh\ara c6k kla"; lacks nothing. se'- 
 phtMig b6 CO khui sim su, me'-kua phah mng 
 lia i7j kia"; in all my life I have never done a 
 dishonest act, and when any one knocks at the 
 door in the night, I am not afmid. ci'a khah 
 khui tieh lii ; this is putting you to too much 
 trouble. mih-su m-hd khui nang ; do not 
 
 troublo other people about anything whatever, 
 da bo khui lu ; I have done you no harrn. 
 liang ke a si kheng ciah khui, su cu tit, bd nSi 
 cC*k poi" kheng slu khui, cek p6i° in kh^ng sla 
 khui; if each would take back what he said, 
 the matter could be settled, but nothing can be 
 done so long as one party will own his mistake 
 and the other will not. ci kia" su sng si khui- 
 hQ tieh i ; this is treating hira ungratefully, 
 ua mih su m khui nang; I never injure any- 
 body, chwn boi khui-sun tieh ; received no 
 injury whatever. seng-li cp khu khui png ; 
 
 lost capital in the business. lia sui-si ai boi 
 phi", la bp ai" khui tieh lu kai png ; although 
 I wish to buy it cheap, I do not want to have 
 you lo.se on it. i ci jim kua" cp khui-khbng 
 u cek bwn ngun ; he drew on his own funds to 
 the extent of ten thousand dollars, in fulfilling 
 the duties of his office. seng-li cp khu khui- 
 khong ; lost in business. 
 
 ■fVj!^ khiii 64 To consider ; to guess ; to 
 l9> 488 9" calculate, 
 khui-tak ; to weigh in the mind ; to examine 
 and conclude. c&ng ch6ng-li lai khui-tak ; 
 
 determine it in accordance with just principles 
 of action, htlam sii to tieh khiii-t^k cheng-li; 
 in all things the correct principles of action 
 must be considered. 
 
 khui 159 An orbit ; a rut ; a path ; 
 
 483 2 a law. 
 put khdi ; iinconformable ; aberant ; irregular, 
 i c6 nS ka" mong-ui put khiii ; how dare he 
 scheme for what is treasonable ? 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 325 
 
 1^ khui 149 To deceive; to cheat; to 
 'cd 483 "6~ defraud ; malicious, 
 khui-kliiet ; crafty. co su to si khiii-kh^i 
 
 khiet-khiet ; acts in a very crafty way. i k&i 
 kluii koi to twn ; he is full of schemes and 
 tricks. kiiiii-ca ; tricky. 
 
 <■— I khui 84 The breath ; animal vigor ; 
 ^^ 348 ~6 the seasons, 
 thau-khui ; to sigh ; to breathe ; to draw a long 
 breath. hip kau i boi thau-khiii ; shut in so 
 closely that he cannot breathe. pang cgk ko 
 khut i thau-khui; leave a place for him to 
 breathe through. khiii thau-chut thau-jip ; 
 
 respiration. khip khui ; draw in the breath, 
 m ka" thau-khui ; dared not breathe. khah 
 kim khui ; too little space to breathe in. tng 
 khui; cease to breathe. thia° tieh cng kai bo 
 khui-sip, Foh co bo nang to ; I could not hear 
 the slightest sound, and supposed there was 
 no one there. bo kui e kai khui cu chwn m 
 li ; after a few strokes was out of breath, 
 mai" tho khui khut nang sin ; do not exact all 
 that is due from people. hau-se"-kia" u khiii- 
 lak, mih su to ho co ; young people are vigor- 
 ous and can do anything. m pi hia bo khui- 
 lak hue ; it is not the same with them as with 
 those who have no physical strength. coih 
 
 khijti ; the seasons. tieh chut khui chut lak 
 
 cia° CO tit seng ; you must exert yourself, then 
 you will accomplish it. cek khui-thau kia" 
 
 kku hfi-ko khu ; walked there at one breath. 
 
 tB. khui 80 Vessels ; utensils. 
 
 1^ 349 l3 kim khui, ngun khui, gek 
 khiii, siah khui; gold, silver, jade, and pewter 
 vessels. jio khui ua"; porcelain bowls. 
 
 ' ^ ^^^ khui 39 A quarter of a year ; the 
 ~ j ^ 339 5 end of a time or the close 
 of a period. 
 
 c§k ni hun co si khui ; the year is divided into 
 four seasons. cek khui sa° kai gueh ; each 
 
 season includes three months. thi"-si ce jiiah 
 chun-khui kai hok-sek cu ua° co he khiii kai ; 
 as soon as the weather becomes warm, spring 
 garments are exchanged for summer ones. 
 thi"-si ce chin, chiu-khui kai hok-sek cu khng- 
 khi, khieh tang-khui kai hok-sek lai cheng ; 
 when the weather becomes cold autumn gar- 
 ments are put away, and winter ones are taken 
 out and worn. ti-tiang-si iia" khui? When 
 
 does the official change of court dress occur ? 
 lu si ra cai ua" khui, he" ? f-keng ua" khiii 
 no sa" jit 16 ; you did not know that the change 
 of court dresses had taken place did you ? It 
 took place two or three days ago. nin cia pho- 
 
 co c6 jieh coi khui kue ? In how many install- 
 ments is the annual rent of this shop paid? 
 c6i° si CO no khui kue, ci kui ni le fi co sa" 
 khui kiie ; formerly it was paid twice a year, 
 but of late years it is paid once in four months, 
 cie" klmi hai" bue cheng-cho ; the first install- 
 ment is not paid in full. juah khui ; the hot 
 season. cek ni s\ khui kiie-ci, ti cek klmi kfti 
 kue-ci hd ? Of the fruits of the four seasons, 
 which season has the best ? 
 
 M 
 
 khui 140 The sun-flower; malvaceoua 
 '5§" 487 9 plants, 
 khui-hue hiang jit ; the sun-flower turns to- 
 ward the sun. tang-khiii ci ; seeds of the 
 Hibiscus. pu-khui si"; a fan made from a 
 certain large leaf. khui-chieh ; a mat made 
 of leaves. 
 
 fl 
 
 4/^ khui 64 To examine and conclude. 
 4J^ 488 9 peh khui ; a general super- 
 visor, hu hue si to co peh-khui ; was at that 
 time acting as general supervisor. 
 
 khui 61 Abashed ; ashamed ; dis- 
 484 10 concerted, 
 thoi" tieh ka-ki cu khui; when he saw it he 
 was ashamed of himself. mng sira ii khui cu 
 bo ta"; being conscience stricken he had no 
 courage. mng sim bo khui cu mien kia"; if 
 unconscious of guilt one need not be afraid, 
 sim lai .sie" tieh cham-khui ; felt remorseful 
 when thinking of it. siu khui mua" min ; 
 
 shamefaced, i ka-kl cng kai m cai cham-khui ; 
 he is wholly destitute of a sense of shame. 
 
 — khun — 
 khun 195 A sea-monster, like a kraken 
 494 8 or sea-serpent, 
 pak hai teng ti ie" khun-hu toa cSi, oi pien co 
 toa phang-cio ; in the northern seas there is a 
 species of sea-monster that changes into a roc. 
 khun pheng pion-hiie ; the transformations of 
 the leviathan into the roc. 
 
 -t*rft khun 32 What is inferior and should be 
 '*'T^ 495 T obedient; the eighth diagram, 
 khun cS,u ; a girl's horoscope. se" tieh kia" u 
 khien-khun co pe-bp cu thi-min ; a son of re- 
 markable talent is the distinction of his parents. 
 
 ^^ khiin 169 A gateway; inner apart- 
 |PJ 496 7 meJits. 
 
 i hin-khek to cp to-khii n-hii ; he is now acting 
 as commander of the garrison, mai" ta" nang 
 kui khiin kai am-ce° su ; do not talk about 
 what people do when they have returned to 
 the inner apartments. 
 
326 
 
 DICTIONAET OP THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 jQ kliiin 159 A cylinder that is rolled 
 , J^ 495 8 in divination, 
 khu kliah khun, kliali ti( h hd a m(5 ; go and 
 divine by rolling the cylinder, and thus see 
 ■whether it is well to do so or not. 
 
 khiin 120 To cord up ; to tie up ; a 
 496 7 bundle; a bale, 
 khiin CO cek toa khun ; tie them up in a big 
 bundle. ci cSk khiin p6 jleh coi phit ? How 
 many pieces arc there in this bale of cloth ? 
 kai nung ta" no khiin; a man carries two bales, 
 khiin kau ne toi"-t6i"; bind it up very firmly. 
 khSeh t!o spU la,i khiin ; take a rope and cord it 
 up. kai i liah lai khiin ; seize him and bind 
 him. khiin-pak kau kin-kin ; tied up very 
 
 tightly. cfa tieh khiin, lai phah ; this one 
 
 must be tied up and whipped. Khun Ho l&i tio 
 pang chlu teng; bind him and hang him on 
 a tree, khiin Ho, phit-phah ce Ho, pang i khu, 
 mai" Hah khu sang kua°; bind him and then 
 beat hi'U a little and let him go, without deliv- 
 ering him over to the magistrate. khun k&i 
 chiik khu sh,ng; bind a thief and take him into 
 custody. kna° tieh i khiin-siing Iftng-cai ; the 
 magistrate called him a rascal and a villain. 
 
 m 
 
 khun 81 Exhausted; weak, weary; 
 496 4 to render subject to ; to 
 victimize; to impoverish ; to distress, 
 nang khim-kwn ; am wenry. khiin-khiin kwn- 
 kvvn ; jaded out. ci kiii jit kai nSng khiin-toa" 
 cS,i; the.se last few days I have felt very languid, 
 nnng ce khiin-khiin t6a"-t6a" to cu boi H su ; 
 when one is fagged out he cannot attend to 
 business. cie"-si i k&i nrmg thoi" tieh khun- 
 khiin, si ii pe" a m .si ? He appears very feeble 
 lately, he is ill is he not ? iii-khiin i kai 
 
 Bia"-ti ; surrounded and hemmed in their city, 
 khiin kau sia" IRi eng kai bo bi nie; pent them 
 up there till the city was utterly destitute of 
 provisions. pi chak khun cek kai gueh, iii 
 
 cia" koi ; were hemmed in by the rebels for 
 a month, and then the siege was raised. i 
 c§k e td khun un, su cu cO bo kia" seng ; if the 
 luck once turns against him, he will not 
 accomplish a single thing. khiin sia° khim 
 
 ku-a kai gueh ; surrounded and afflicted the 
 city for several months. un-khi khiin cJli ; 
 
 the luck is bad. un kau ce khim le, lien hia 
 sdng-seng kai su to ju tio khu ; when the luck 
 turns against one, even that which has been 
 fully brought to a consummation is destroyed. 
 
 ^rt khun 184 Empty; hungry; famished. 
 ^ L 334 2 to 6i khun a boi ? Are you 
 hungry ? ci-hue to khim c5i ; I am now very 
 hungry. id la 6i khim, iu ciah m 16h ; I feel 
 
 faint from lack of food and still cannot eat. 
 to li khiin, mak li siap ; hungry and sleepy. 
 t6 khiin sf ; almost starved, to ce khim cii b6 
 l^k; as soon as one's stomach is empty his 
 strength departs. 
 
 1^5^ khim 181 An instant, a moment; 
 .,>\ 422 2 presently, 
 khiin-kfa"; in a moment, ke khun i cii \ki ; be 
 will come presently. u khim ; a little while. 
 
 (Also called kQn). The fist ; 
 to double up the hand ; 
 
 khfln 64 
 452 6 
 boxing; fisticuffs, 
 khun-thau; the fist, llm kh^n-thfta; to double 
 up the fist. phah khun-thAu ; to box. cfa 
 jl-ke t(5 so khun-thau, khuu-thau-b<5 toa kai 
 cii ia"; the two were sparring, and the one that 
 had the largest fist beat. i si kk khiiu-than 
 kai su-hQ ; he is a boxing-master, ciu-jit kia" 
 khun hue, khut hla lai oh khun kai nang 
 thoi"; ho performs all day with his fists, that 
 those who are learning boxing may see how it 
 is done. p( ce khun-si khut nang thoi"; ex- 
 hibit some feats of skill iu boxing, i kai khun 
 chim cfti; his knowledge of boxing is profound, 
 i kai khun-c6ng si nng-si-khun a si nge-si- 
 khiin ? Does his strength as a boxer lie in 
 defen.se or in assault? i thu-thu cang sang 
 chfu td phah khang khun co hie" koi phah ; 
 he has nothing but empty hands with which 
 to fight, and it is not so easy to gain a victory, 
 khiin kwn ; a boxing school. 
 
 khiin 123 A flock ; a herd ; a con* 
 
 420 7 course. 
 c§k khiin ie"; a flock of sheep. cj° cek khiin 
 te°-khun si tl-tiang to cfe" ne ? Who takes 
 care of this flock of sheep ? cek khun be ; a 
 stud of horses, hiia" kai gu co cek khun tng- 
 lai ; all the cows came back in one herd, cik 
 khun to pue ; flying in one flock, ci khiin ah 
 ki" jlo khu tl-ko ? Where are you going to 
 drive this drove of ducks ? ui cek khun 
 
 nang td thoi" slm-nmeh ? What are all those 
 people gathered in a circle, looking at ? cek 
 klmn hia td cng; a multitude of ants are 
 eating it. cek khun cek khiin tiii ci-ko kiie, 
 coi c5i ; they passed by here in companies, 
 making many in all. khun chin hiie bo cek 
 
 kai ka" kkng ; of the whole crowd of courtiers, 
 not one dared remonstrate. sit khun kai 
 
 cio ; a bird that has lost the rest of the flock. 
 ko cio jip nang khiin ; a solitary bird seeking 
 companionship among men. to si hu hiia" kai 
 hii khiin, kau tang; it is that same rascally 
 set of fellows. cia" khiin, cia" tin ; in regular 
 squads and files. cii-nie hiie la kku khun 
 
DiCTlOItABY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 327 
 
 kau kliun klm thoi" hi; the women folk go in 
 eqnads to see the play. i^ngkhun kai ah ioa 
 soicuah toa-bd-mueh ; ducks of the same drove 
 differ greatly in size, i kai chai-cheng bu-goi 
 thio khun ; his talent and military skill excel 
 those of all the others. nin kau khun kjiu 
 
 tang ai" khu ti-ko ? Where are you all going 
 in troops and bands ? cek khun a-no°-kia"; 
 a group of children. cek toa khun nang; a 
 
 great throng of people. cng khun long-cong 
 lai; the whole gang came. chap m loh khun ; 
 could not work his way into the clique. ni'n 
 kak nang m thak cu, sa" ui khuii, si ui tang 
 to sng ; you do not study each at his book, but 
 form parties of three and four for play. 
 
 — khut — 
 
 khut 44 To bend ; to crouch ; to put 
 458 5 upon ; to wrong; grievance, 
 ■wn-khut; to oppi'ess. wn-khnt si nang; kill by 
 oppression. siu khut si; killed by oppression. 
 Piu khut, siu m khu; will not suffer oppression, 
 khut chek ; bend the knee, cu-lai m pat khut 
 chek khiu nang ; has never before bent the 
 knee to plead with anybody. ham wn siu 
 
 khut ; endure wrong and suffer outrage, tai- 
 clang-hu leng khut, leng sin ; a great man can 
 either stoop or stand. khut coi"; bend the 
 
 fingers, khutkha; bend the knee, kha chun 
 tit, mai" khut ; stretch your leg out straight, 
 don't bend it. i hu iSi kai lo-ke" khut- 
 
 khut khiok-khiok ; the paths in there are very 
 devious. miia-khi khut ke ca ce lai ; demean 
 yourself so far as to come early to-morrow, 
 khut cek rae°; sat in a crouching position all 
 night, to cun teng khut cek jit ; was cramped 
 np in the boat all day. ciam chia° khut sin to 
 i ko ; temporarily submit to suffer in his em- 
 ploy, na ci-ko ciam khut ce ; stay cramped up 
 here temporarily, rh-ho khut suah phgng jin ; 
 do not wrongfully kill an innocent man. ci'a 
 khah khut tieh lu ; this is putting too much 
 upon you. i m khut nang ; he wrongs nobody. 
 ci ci,ng hue khut co cek ciah cio ; bend this 
 shrub into the shape of a bird. ci cang chiu 
 khut CO cek ciah cliie"; force this tree into the 
 likeness of an elephant. 
 
 khut 116 Holes in the ground. 
 
 455 8 liu cek kai khut ; dig a pit. 
 loh khu khut t6i s6i-ek ; go down into a pool 
 to bathe. khu khut-teng liah hu ; go to the 
 hollows among the rocks to catch fish, hu-ko 
 si si nang khut ; that is a beastly hole, miia"- 
 ti-ko kfii kau-khut long-cong ciii Diua-''mua''; 
 the ditches everywhere are full of water. ci 
 choh iieh-chu si to khut-teng liah kai ; these 
 bull-heads were caught in a pool. 
 
 y^ khut 85 To finish one's course ; not 
 iJ^ 6U6 4 know what to do; at bay; 
 in extremity. 
 
 kau jio kau khut thdn-lo, i cu ai" hue-tng lai 
 ka ; a dog driven to bay will turn around and 
 bite. i ce kau lo-miij^-khut cii raih su to khu 
 CO ; when driven to desperation he will do any 
 sort of thing. i hie" si kai lo khut cai ; his 
 
 way was then very much hedged in. i ci no 
 kai gueh cng kai khut lo, chwn bo ci°-miig h(5 
 thang ; he has not known what to do these 
 past two months, having no chance whatever 
 to earn anything. 
 
 — khii — 
 
 dkl khu 
 
 \^ 445 
 
 28 To go; to proceed; to remove; 
 
 3 quit ; discard ; following a 
 verb it signifies completion, 
 ai" kliu ti-ko ? Where are you going ? ai" khii 
 a hue ? Are you going yet or not ? khu kau 
 hie" hng kang-kho cai, nan mai" khu ho ; to 
 go so far is very tiresome, it is better for u.si 
 not to go. nan lai co-pii khu thit-tho ; let us 
 go out together for a stroll, hu-ko lu pat khu 
 me ? Have you ever been there ? lia khu kiie 
 ku-a chu ; I have been many times. lai-lM 
 
 khu-khu ku-a hue ; Went to and fro, ever so 
 many times. lia kiie i m khu ; T cannot suffi- 
 ciently thank you. i cie-°se" co, lu kiie tit khu 
 me ? When he acts thus, can you get along 
 with it ? peh tio phiie, khu tio hut ; peel off 
 the skin and take out the pits. khu tio mo", 
 kliu kau cheng-khih ; remove all the feathers 
 from it. boi m khu; can't sell it. boi lai, boi 
 khu ; buy and sell. ci kia" su lia thoi" i co m 
 khu ; I do not think he can do this, i bo khu; 
 he is not going. i ta" i m khu ; he says he 
 
 won't go. lu ai" khu am? Are you going 
 
 or not ? i khu li su ; he has gone to attend to 
 some business. lu khu kio lia co hd-hp ; you 
 go and do it nicely for me. kio lia khieh 
 
 khu; take it there for me. bo i khu ; will not 
 allow him to go. bq nang ai" khu ; no one is 
 going. u nang khii a bo ? Did anyone go ? 
 
 i i"-keug khu ku lio ; he went a long time 
 ago. i khu u jieh kii lio ? How long has 
 
 he been gone ? i tui hti-ko li-li khu ; he 
 
 went on past there. i co i khu ; he went on 
 his way. cp lu khu ; go you along, lu ai" 
 
 tiie ti cek tio lo khu ? By which road are 
 you going ? i tiii ti-ko khu ? Which way 
 
 did he go ? hp-h<5 si-si cu bp khu ; when all 
 was just as usual, it disappeared, i si khu 16; 
 he has gone, khut i ciah wn khu; has all been 
 eaten up by him. bp ti-kp ho khu ; has 
 
 nowhere to go. i ku ni kiie khu; he departed 
 this life last year. ili-hp khi-hii lai khi-hu 
 
328 
 
 DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 kliu ; do not impose upon each other. kliut i 
 liah khu ; was seized by him. pun i I'n-iu 
 
 khu ; was misled by him. kliu hwn poi"; go 
 to foreign parts. ta° ]ki ta° khu ; to debate 
 
 about. lu ai" khu jieh linj? ? How far are you 
 going? i khu kau ta" u jieh kii ? How long 
 is it since he went ? i khu ni cia° lai ; ho 
 
 came the past year, sueh rli khu ; cannot ex- 
 plain it. i i°-keng khu si li'o ; he has shuffled 
 off this mortal coil, sfa m khu ; cannot cast it 
 off. K6i rri khu ; cannot wash it out. cie"-8i 
 ciah m khu ; could not eat, ce khu cu jieh 
 
 kii ; when gone, how long you stay. cf kai jl 
 hi khu sia" a slang sia"? Is this word in the 
 departing tone or in the high tone ? 16 khu 
 ki" i ; you go and see him. khu th(5i" i c6-nl ; 
 go and see what is the matter with him. i m 
 ceng khu ; he has not gone, i bQe c6ng khu ; 
 he has not yet gone, khut i cau kliu ; let him 
 run off. i pne khu Ho ; it has flown away, 
 
 i cau khu tl-kp tiara ? Where has he hidden ? 
 i leng cai kiie-kliu, bQe-lai kai su; he knows 
 the past and the future. b6i, cio"-se° kiie tit 
 khu ; no matter, that will do as it is. siap- 
 
 lau khu ; oozed out. mai" khu thJtng i ; do 
 
 not touch it. hhm i chut khu; tell him to go 
 out. tng khu chu ; return home, ciin f-keng 
 khu hiig ; the boat has already gone a long 
 way. pun huang chue khu ; blown away by 
 the wind. khut i mueh tio khu; has spoiled 
 it. cui-kau sak khil ; the drain is obstructed, 
 lu a si khu lia cQ vain ; if you go I need not. 
 cie" khu ; ascend. Iqh khu ; descend. thug 
 loh khu, ill cSi ; cannot touch bottom by 
 reaching down with a pole. jip khu i hli kp, 
 chue i ; go into his private apartments in 
 search of him. ciin khui khu h'o ; the boat 
 
 has started. i che"-me° khii ; he has become 
 blind. khut i tu h'o, e khu; after being 
 
 withstood by him, he became mute. li h'o 
 
 kongkhu; after settling the affair he became 
 dazed. cui h'o ut khu ; after he had become 
 drunk he went to sleep. kui loh khu ; kneel 
 down. nngkhu; become weak. chie" pit 
 khu ; the wall has cracked. sa° lih khu ; the 
 tnnic is torn. phua khu ; broken. mai° khu 
 khi i ; do not be vexed about it. ci kai cho 
 
 tit khu; this will hold it. khu 16 ! m it-tit 
 
 khu ; There ! I have forgotten it. 
 
 9^g. khu-kok kliu-kok-ngan ; greasy 
 "pEt^ 443 white spots seen in ar- 
 
 gelite inkstones. lia ci ko i" u khu-kok-ngan 
 kai ; this inkstone of mine is one that has 
 white spots in it, ii khu-kok-ngan kai ho, a 
 si u cie peh k^i hd ? Which are the better, 
 those that have white spots in them, or those 
 that are yellowish white all over ? 
 
 kliii 144 A highway. 
 
 444 18 ci-ko si thong-khu k&i tl- 
 hng; this is a public thoroughfare. thong- 
 khu toa 15 ; a main street. 
 
 — khin — 
 
 khiin 19 Laborious; diligent; seda- 
 402 11 Ions, 
 i thak cu tbak kau kliun c&i ; he studies very 
 diligently. oi khun khiara kai nang ; one 
 
 who is industrious and frugal. cheng, sin, 
 
 khfin, sa" jl : cp kua° kai nftng ra-hp khueh 
 cSk jl ; clean-handed, scrupulous, diligent : the 
 mngistrate must lack neither of these thi'ee 
 characteristics, kang-hu kh6n cfti ; sedulous, 
 in his work. sim si khAn-lan ; is very pains- 
 tnking. si chu khun uang k&i pfa"-be long- 
 cong lili; the troops, zealous in serving their 
 prince, came from every side. toa pu lu 
 
 thi", si'e pii lu khfin; great wealth comes by the 
 will of Heaven, a competence comes through 
 toil. kwn-thSi nilng-kheh sim si hun-khfin ; 
 in the entertainment of guests she is most 
 attentive. mih su hun-hun kl\un-khun ; in all 
 things serving faithfully. u\-h6 khah kliAn, 
 khi'ong-iii sin-hun bua m khu ; do not toil too 
 hard, for fear your strength is not equal to 
 such close application. ku ke kai nang tieh 
 6i khiin-khlam khak-kh6 ; those who stay at 
 home, must toil and save and endure hardship, 
 theng c6i" khfin-kho th&k ; sat by the window 
 reading with painful exertion. 
 
 khun 61 
 >iiiv 318 18 
 
 khun khiu khu i 
 till he consents. 
 
 To beg ; to ask earnestly, 
 khun khiu ; to supplicate, 
 hau"; importunately entreat 
 i thph nang lai khun hfta ; 
 
 he commissioned some one to come and beg for 
 reconciliation. jwn khun i iTi huu"; however 
 much yon plead he will not consent. i"-keng 
 khun tit lio ; he has begged for a settlement, 
 khun un sek-pang ; beg the favor of being set 
 at liberty. 
 
 khdu 82 To open new land ; to com- 
 
 318 l3 mence tillage. 
 
 khui-khun chang-ti ; break up new soil. cie 
 nang lai khui khun; advertise for laborers in 
 breaking new soil. 
 
 -TT^ khun 180 khie°-khun; brogue. cia 
 p^ 1100 si ti-kp kai khie°-khun ? 
 Of what place is this the brogue ? tho im si 
 kak elm kak chu k&i khie°-khun ; the local 
 pronunciation is the manner of speaking in 
 each particular locality. 
 
DICTIONAET OF THK 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 S29 
 
 ' ^J^^ kliiin 140 Celery, parsley, and similar 
 Ap 403 1" plants, 
 kliun-chai ; celery, iam kh^n-chki ; put dress- 
 ing upon celery. 
 
 Irt.| kliun 81 A stack; to stack np; to pile. 
 1^ 420 ~5 kliun kau cek koi" chek ti"- 
 ti"; Iieaped full of paddy. ci cek kliun chau 
 t5a khun cfli ; this stack of weeds is a big one. 
 thia° pi° khun cek kliun hun-kuah ; on one side 
 of the main room a pile of sweet potatoes 
 was piled. cgk khun tau-khoih; a pile of 
 
 pea-pods. 
 
 — khut — 
 
 /^ kliut 5 To beg ; to ask alms ; to 
 
 f ^ 396 2 intreat humbly, 
 khut ciah; to beg for food, cek khun khut-kai 
 laikhut ci°; a swarm of medicants came asking 
 alms. in koi khiu-khut ; to beg in the streets, 
 hok khut un cun ; prostrate one's self and 
 humbly beg for mercy, chit sek khut kha ; on 
 the seventh night of the seventh month beg 
 the weaver goddess for skill in needlework. 
 
 khut 120 To allow one the oppor- 
 ►jr| 393 ~G' tunity ; to give ; to aftord. 
 khut ua lai khu ; let me go. co khu ce, kp 
 
 kliub lia CO ; sit along a little and make room 
 for me. ai" khieh khut iam? Are you going 
 to give it to him or not ? mai" khut i jlp lai ; 
 do not let him come in. khut i khii sie" ce ; 
 let him go and think it over. si ua chin chi'u 
 khieh khut i kai ; it is the one I gave him 
 with my own hand. ai" sang khut ti-iiang ? 
 To whom are you going to give it ? i m hau 
 khut tia thoi"; he will not let me see it. ham 
 i tieh khut ua thoi" kau hah i, cia" ai"; tell 
 him he must let me look at it till I am satisfied 
 that it suits me, then I will take it. i bp khut 
 ua cai ; he did not let me know. khut i 
 
 chi-thdi" ho me ; let him try it and see if 
 it is good. lu ta" ho khut ua khu, e jit ua 
 
 cu lai ; let me go now and I will come an- 
 other day. 
 
 khut 75 A stake ; a stanchion; a peg. 
 446 12 teng cek ki khut ; drive a 
 stake, ceng-se" khu pak pang hu khut kp ; go 
 and tether the animal to that stake. ci ki 
 
 khut khah soi ki m ho pak ; this post is too 
 small to tie to. teng ki khut to toi-kha ho 
 
 p&k cun ; drive a stake in the bank to fasten 
 the boat to. chie"-teng teng ki khut ho pak 
 xnueh ; drive a large peg in the wall to fasten 
 things to. 
 
 — khwn — 
 
 khwn 40 Ample ; clement ; to forgive; 
 477 12 to bear with; to indulge; lax. 
 i kai naiig khwn-hong tai-llang ; he is a very 
 easy tempered and liberal minded man. chfa' 
 khwn-iong i ; I beg you to bear with hira. ti- 
 ling khwn-khuah cJS,i ; the space is ample for 
 the purpose. chia" khwn i cek chu ; please 
 let him ofF this once. chii lai khwn-khwn 
 
 khuah-khuah, sui lu khia-khf; the house is 
 roomy, abide wherever you please in it. khwn- 
 iu i kai cue ; overlook his fault, i kai co kui 
 khah khwn ; the discipline of the school is too 
 lax. i kai se"-ch6ng sim si khwn-hua; his dis- 
 position is very forgiving, i kai kui-ku cu ho, 
 iu boi kue ngiam, iu boi kue khwn ; their rules 
 are just right, being neither too strict nor too 
 lenient, cang khwn-sii l^i thai nang; treat peo- 
 ple with clemency, i a-si mp, lia cu bo khwn- 
 iong i; if he is bad, I shall not be lenient toward 
 him. khwn-6i"; leisurely, khwn h&ng ke cap 
 jit; allow ten days beyond the time alloted. 
 
 khwn 
 451 
 
 81 
 8 
 
 An enclosure ; a large circle. 
 
 kia" cek toa khwn ; walked 
 a long distance ai'ound. cie"-se° cu 16h i kM 
 khwn-thau; thus fell into his snare. tiki" 
 
 cek khwn long-cong ai" kit cp cieh kai ; the 
 enclosure is to be built wholly of stones. ui 
 cek toa khwn nang, to thoi ; a great circle of 
 spectators stood around. 
 
 khwn 181 The largest of Chinese land 
 ►"^ 422 2 measures, equal to a hundred 
 Chinese acres. 
 
 chang ti bwn khwn ; a vast extent of arrable 
 land. i kai chang-hng bwn khwn ; he owns 
 an immeasurable stretch of land. 
 
 H/fr* khwn 76 Kind, sort; a style or fashion; 
 ^^/V 477 7 inscriptions, such as are on 
 jars, showing the date of manufacture ; a proof 
 stamp. 
 
 ai" ti cek khwn kai ? Which sort do you want ? 
 lia ai" ci khwn, hu khwn ua mai**; I want this 
 sort, not that. cie" coi khwn sui lu thoi"; of 
 these many sorts, w^iichever you see fit. tl 
 
 cek khwn io hah si ? Which sort is the more 
 suitable for the occasion ? kak khwn m sie 
 tang ; each kind is different from all the others, 
 mih su to fl kai khwn sek ; there is a fixed 
 style for doing everything. lu cie°-se° cp b6 
 khwn bp sek, khut nang chie ; in doing it thus, 
 not in accordance with any established fashion, 
 you will be laughed at. bp khwn cai ; not 
 
 after any known pattern, sit-cai kah khwn to 
 bp ; really of no style at all. chwn b6 kai 
 
•330 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 r&ng kliwn cie"-se"; no one ever does it in that 
 way. i kai kbwn si m-lid cSi ; his way of 
 
 doing things is very bad. h<5 kfti khwn liji to 
 boi 6b, au kai kbwn lu cu kia°-kla° 6h ; what 
 is good you never can learn, what is bad you 
 learn all about in every instance. eia kbwn 
 io ti-ko oh lai kai ? Wbere did you learn this 
 manner of doing it ? sfa bp, hue ceng lob 
 
 khwn; have written it but have not yet added 
 the inscription. i td tie" kbwn ; lie is very 
 
 pompous, si lob toa" kbwn a lob sang khwn ? 
 Has it the autograph of the sender only, or 
 both bis name and that of the one for whom it 
 is written ? ci tui tui-lin li loh toa" khwn, ci 
 pak Oe li lob sang khwn ; this pair of matched 
 scrolls has only the autograph of the donor on 
 them, the written scroll has the name of the 
 donor upon it, and also the name of the one 
 for whom it was written. ai" cang tl cdk 
 
 khwu ci" lai 6iig? Wbich sort of coin do you 
 want to use ? kak kak kbieb lai kui kbwn ; 
 sort them all out. khwu-tong hue ; dried 
 
 flowers of the loquat. 
 
 kbwn 75 The weight or balance on 
 462 18 a steelyard ; direction ; au- 
 thority ; power ; to balance ; to equalize, 
 h^ lai si tl-tiang a kbwn ? Who among them 
 has authority ? si bu kai io iS kbwn, pftt nftng 
 16ng-c6ng bd kbwn ; that is the one who is the 
 most influential, the otbers are all powerless, 
 kh^n kui cek nang ; the authority is relegated 
 to one individual, cu si i td pe" khwn ; it is 
 he who exercises control. i kai nftng sfe" lai 
 ii khwn kbi ; be has naturally an authoritative 
 manner. kbwn chi'a" na kp ; the exigency 
 
 requires that we stay. cie°-se" si cbdng khwn 
 kai ; it is thus by force of circumstances. of 
 k&i si kbwn chin ; this is a powerful officer, i 
 kai kbwn.s\ toa cili; his power is great. pia° 
 khwn 16ng-c6ng t6 i cbiu ; the military power 
 is altogether in bis hands. kbwn-p^"; power, 
 influence, authority, kbwn-lak; force, kbwn- 
 l^ng ; potency. tieh eng khwn cia" cai kbin 
 
 tang; by use of weigbts we learn the weight. 
 BU i bd kbwn-ngi kia" su ; allow him to act as 
 may be expedient, mih su tieh 6i thong khwn 
 tak pien cia" bd" ; in all matters one must 
 act as the occasion requires. ci kai biie-ki to 
 pbb lai u kua-kbwn a bp ? Has this partner 
 authority to act in the affairs of the firm ? ii 
 a, pbo lai cu si i cek nSng td ciang kbvvn ; yes, 
 indeed, it is he who has the management of 
 everything, i no nang to ce" kbwn ; the two 
 are wrangling as to wbich shall rule. hii kai 
 io u ui-khwn cbua nang ui ; that one has a 
 more authoritative manner, making people 
 
 afraid of him. chio-theng si i td lam khwn ; 
 he it is that holds the balance of power in the 
 government. eSk cio kbwn t5 cbiu cu jwn 
 
 cO ; as soon baa he has a little temporary power 
 in his bands, he acts without regard to other 
 people's rights. ci ciah ngio io u kbwn, i eg 
 k\n-kie ce nio.°chu cQ ra ka° lai ; this cat is 
 quite influential in her sphere, if she but mews 
 tbe rats dare not come about. tai liQam kwn- 
 kut toa kai nang tp-tp u khwn ; most people 
 who have high cheek bones are influential in 
 their spheres. keng kbwn sie" pien la-si 6i 
 
 cai, cp su cu b6i ta"; if we understand what is 
 regular and necessary in morals we shall not 
 make mistakes. 
 
 khwn 120 To coil around ; to wind 
 1^ 529 12 in a closed spiral ; a coil, 
 khwn khi pi"; to wind tbe queue around the 
 head, lu kai pi" kbwn t6 kp, tieh cai pkng 16h 
 lai ; your queue is wound around your head, 
 you must remember and let it down, khwn cp 
 cSk khuang; coiled it in one large coil. cua 
 kbwn i"-l° a snake coiled upon itself in circles, 
 ci cbph spb kbwn khi; coil up these ropes, 
 kbwn thau p6; a head cloth, used by meu. 
 khwu ka-ft khwn ; coiled in several coils. 
 
 — khwt — 
 
 169 Terminated. 
 9 h6k khwt; to 
 
 khwt 
 
 449 9 h6k khwt ; to lay aside 
 mourning. i kai hok khwt a hue ? Is he out 
 of mourning yet P 
 
 — la — 
 
 la 64 To pull ; to drag along or up 
 497 6 to one ; to tug at ; to force ; 
 to borrow ; to buy on credit ; to get out in any 
 way where effort is implied, as coal from a mine, 
 pun i la-la che-che, che kau bu-kpkbu; was 
 lugged along by him, to that point. cia si t6 
 pat nang kp la-che lai kai ; this is something 
 that has been borrowed with difficulty from 
 another. hin-kbek i kai mla°.sek m-bd, giia 
 kbau la m tSng ; bis reputation is now bad, 
 and he cannot get things on credit. la keng ; 
 to bend a bow. la kui pang keng; bend the 
 bow several times. me°-me"-kbu la cu i kai 
 be thau ; quickly seize bis horse by the head 
 and stop him. la ki tp lai tok ; seize a knife 
 and chop it. la ki ku lai ku ; catch up a saw 
 and saw it off. bo kp sa-la, tb6 e mong kp 
 
 cieb-p6 kbu kak i ; there was nothing else that 
 I could get bold of, and so I caught up a stone 
 from the ground and threw it at him. i cia 
 ci" si to chin pbeng kp la-16ng kai; this money 
 is what be has borrowed with difficulty from 
 his relations and friends. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 331 
 
 la 80 A final particle denoting 
 611 ~T certainty. 
 ci k&i lic5 la ; this is a good one. hfa ngfa la, 
 cfoi ru ngia ; that is pretty bat this is not. 
 phi" la ; it is cheap. 
 
 m 
 
 la-raa A lama; the yellow priests. 
 498 pak-tlian kai hue-sie" u 
 khi ai la-ina-ceng ; of the priests at the north, 
 Bome arc Thibetian monks. 
 
 ]^ 130 Tallow ; hard fat ; the caul. 
 528 10 cia" kai ho ciah, peh kai hd 
 luah 16,; can eat the lean, and make the fat into 
 lard. coih lio jiet co la; cut it up and try it 
 out into lard. cang-pie 1^ ; the fat part of 
 
 pork. paug la; fat taken from the entrails of 
 hogs. ne iam-Iara, kio iara-koi IS. cek le"; 
 
 very sleek and oily, like the fat of a capon. 
 cie°-si ce kim 16, to pang lai bo la bo sa ; since 
 the slaughter of animals was prohibited lately, 
 there is neither fat nor meat in the butchers' 
 shops. suah la ; put in some lard. cia si 
 
 phu in kai, a phu la kai ? Is this fried in oil 
 or in lard ? la se ; the caul, cah la kai ; mer- 
 ged in tallow. gu-la;suet. tu-la; lard. 
 
 ,_ .^^^ la-pha The opposite of compact ; 
 /i^y ^^r 660 loose and disheveled; fluffy, 
 mi" 61 jji-la pha-plia ktii mueh-kia"; raw-cotton 
 is very light in proportion to its bulk. chph 
 chau la-la pha-pha, m tieh thiap-bua ; the 
 straw not compactly arranged, and you should 
 pack it together. 
 
 ^|t^ la 67 Adequate ; sufficient; enough. 
 yPi^ 331 10 ut m la; did not sleep enough, 
 clah m la; does not take sufficient food, m 15 
 clah ; has not enough to eat. sieh boi IS, ; can- 
 not be kind enough to hira. eng kau i la; 
 use as much as is needed. 13, biie ? Is that 
 sufficient ? la U'o ; that is enough. 
 
 ■jpj^i la 64 To stir up, with a stick. 
 iMd 371 20 lu kai chiu tieh cong-ku la, 
 ni la i cu ai" tue ue ; you must keep stirring it 
 up from the bottom with your hand, if you 
 don't it will stick to the pot. lu ra hd li-li la, 
 la U'o se° huang; you must not keep stirring it, 
 if you do it will (when eaten) produce wind 
 (in the stomach), khieh sang tu la kau i cau- 
 cau ; take a pair of chopsticks and stir it up 
 from the bottom till it is evenly mixed. la 
 
 thong cui-kau ; stir open the sewer. la i 
 
 thong ; open communication by stirring. la 
 tieh phang-tau ; stir up a wasps' nest. la 
 
 khui ; poke it open. 
 
 ^ la 4 To avail one's self of; to enjoy. 
 772 9 la liang; enjoy the coolnesa. 
 ciah pa la liang huang ; dine and then enjoy 
 the cool breeze. 
 
 YJ3 la-lun 85 Warm; tepid; soothing; 
 iJni 1040 10 bland; lukewarm, 
 tieh tang i la-lun cia" hd ciah ; wait till it is 
 only slightly warm then it may be eaten. la- 
 lun la-lun, H-kvvn kuak 16h khu; it is of just a 
 pleasant warmth, so gulp it down. ia-lun-sie 
 cui ; tepid water. kiie hwn-Ho oi la-lun-sie ; 
 the cake is still slightly warm. 
 
 — lah — 
 
 lah 64 To carry between the arm and 
 356 7 the body; to carry over the arm. 
 i chiu lah png wn-pho ; he had a subscription 
 list in his hand, lah cu-cheh ; carry a book in 
 the hand against the side. sa°-kh6 lah khu 
 
 soi ; take the clothes to the wash. chau- 
 
 chieh lah khu chu ; take the mat and spread 
 it down. 
 
 lah-buah Heterogeneous; all sorts 
 /ftix. 939 together. 
 i kai ke-si lah-buah long-cong pua° lai ; she 
 moved all her household stuff with her. cheng 
 ke-si lah-buah cu hak hoh coi ci"; their house- 
 hold gear alone amounts to a large sum of 
 money. 
 
 lah 195 A fresh water fish, the dace 
 HC^ 544 8 or tench, 
 lali-li ; the pangolin, which the Chinese regard 
 as a carp made to go on dry land, lah-li khak; 
 the scales of the pangolin, used in medicine. 
 
 lah 94 To hunt wild animals ; the 
 532 15 chase ; field sports; to hunt up. 
 phah lah ; to go hunting. lah ho ; sportsmen, 
 lah kau ; a hunting dog. ngo tieh cek khun 
 nang jip sua" khu phah lah; met a body of meu 
 going into the mountains to hunt. mua°-ti- 
 kp lah, lah in tieh ; hunted everywhere for it 
 and could not find it. 
 
 lah 130 To sacrifice to the gods three 
 497 15 days after the winter solstice; 
 to dry flesh in the north wind, 
 lah bi ; cured meats. 14h gfleh ; the twelfth 
 
 month, lah nek; to jerk meats, lah ah ; dried 
 ducks, i to sie° ciah lah bl ; he is thinking of 
 the delicacies of the twelfth month ; he is long- 
 ing for the impossible. tieh eng sim-mih llo- 
 but lah lai cia" ho ? What spices should be used 
 in the curing in order to make it good ? 
 
332 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 Ifth 142 War ; waxy ; glazed. 
 
 497 "15" n<5-lah ; bees-wax. bit lab ; 
 fossil copal, l^b cek ; wax candles. Iftli cua ; 
 glazed paper. lab i°; pills encased in wax; 
 pdb lah ; insect wax deposited by tbe Coccus 
 pe-la, on tbe Fraxinus chinensis. l&h oieh ; 
 yellow or greasy qaartz. 
 
 Jtbi Is^Ji 1S7 To stride over ; to overstep. 
 |t|p\^ 532 15 siap-lab si-bti kiii nang ; ouo 
 wbo bas bad experience in worldly aifairs. 
 pnt iDn ob sim-mib su to m \\6 lab teng ; in 
 wbatevcr one is learning, be sbould not over- 
 step anytbing wbicb is in tbe regular order. 
 
 Miab 72 Tbe course and cbanges of tbe 
 537 12 spberes. 
 laii-jit ; an almanac. gin l&b-jit cbut a bue ? 
 Are Ibe new almanacs issued yet? kua" lab ; 
 an nimanc sent to officials by tbe emperor. i 
 ka-ki td sai co lab jit ; be is making almanacs 
 privately, without otHcial permit. 
 
 Jftb 160 Pungent; sbarp. 
 
 498 7 lab-cie ; red pepi>er8. lab- 
 cie-cie" lai suab; season with red pepper catsup. 
 
 — lAi — 
 
 ^lj[ l&i 76 Pears or apples. 
 
 615 7 cbe° pbuo lai ; large green 
 pears. sua" tang Ifti ; northern pears. bwn- 
 lai ; pine-apples, hwn-lui kp ; pine-apple pre- 
 serves, cio-lai ; dwarf pears. ang pbue lai; 
 russet pears or apples. cio-lSi p6; dried pears, 
 liii cba cp in-p6i° slang h<5 ; tbe wood of tbe 
 pear tree is excellent for making blocks to 
 print upon. 
 
 lai 9 To come ; to reacb ; to get ; 
 , . 498 6 to bring about; to induce; 
 coming, and tbus making a form of tbe future ; 
 coming times ; prosperity ; after other verbs it 
 often indicates a present action. lai a ! Come 
 along ! lia lai li'o ; I am here, i m ceng l&i ; 
 lie bas not come. biie lai ; bas not yet come, 
 lii tiii tl-k(5 lai ? By wbicb route did you come ? 
 H chong ti-kp l&i ? lu to ti-kp lai ? Whence 
 came you ? bam i inai" lai ; tell him not to 
 come, ke bp Ifing-tSng cu, kua° chong hd chu 
 lai ? If the family bad no truant sons, where 
 would tbe ofiBcials come from ? cbi-mng i k^i 
 sin cbong-bp cbii lai; ask him where bis body 
 came from ; suggest that be bas duties toward 
 bis parents, in-chua i lai ; conduct him here. 
 ai° lai cp-ni ne ? What object have you in com- 
 ing ? lia kia" »7i l&i ; I cannot walk that dis- 
 tance. ai° l^i khu a bfle ? Are you going now 
 
 or later ? cbia" i l&i c5 ; ask him to come and 
 sit down. lia ki" lai khu cp n&ng-klieh ; I am 
 going out to pay a visit. cp in lai ; cannot 
 do it. CO tit lai ; it is feasible. i kio i Q lai 
 liang a b6? Does he exchange visits with him ? 
 ciu-jit lai-lai uaug-uang kai nftug sira coi ; 
 many persons are coming and going all day 
 long, lai jit; in tbe future, fl lai jit; there is 
 a future for it. ciang-lai ; in tbe future. Su- 
 lai ; afterward, i k&i si i& slm-mib lai-tbau ? 
 What brought it about ? i kai lai-in is co-ul ? 
 What are tbe causes wbicb load to it ? cia 
 
 tla'-tieb bI Q slm-mib tda l^i-tbau ; this bas 
 certainly some important cause. ngwn-lai si 
 cie'-se"; it was so originally. lia f'-keng rang 
 cbut i k&i lai-!n ; I have already found out by 
 inquiry what is tbe reason for it. l&i-leb ; tbe 
 circumstances in the past. b<5, bp, b(5, lu lu-tii 
 l&i ! How fortunate it is that you have come 
 80 opportunely ! tng lai; to return, i tl-tiang 
 si tng l&i ? Wben did be come back ? l&i hue 
 jieb coi cun co ? What is tbe boat fare for tbe 
 round trip ? cbia" i Ifti ciah png ; invite biin 
 io dinner. it-lai s! ui-tieb cia su, ji-lai si ui- 
 tSeb hfa su; firstly it is on this account, and 
 secondly it is on tliat. chdng-lai ; heretofore. 
 16i-siang tiang l&i ; courtesy i-equires to bo re- 
 ciprocated, i ta° lai tieb ; be speaks rightly, 
 i cp Ifti bd; be bas done it well, i kai lai sin 
 bd toi p6-nl ta" ? What was said in his letter 
 which ba.^ just arrived ? cek-ki-liu, l&i-l^i 
 
 kbu-kbu kai sio-bak sim coi; their correspond- 
 ence with each other is always going to and 
 fro, with no intermission. lai put kip ; lai m 
 hCi ; did not arrive in time. khieb lai ; bring 
 it here, lai kau ci-kp fl sa" ni lio; we arrived 
 here three years ago. lai kau ta" h. jieb kii ? 
 How long is it since you arrived ? lia chu lai 
 bo pslt in ; for this journey I bad no other rea- 
 son, phab lai pbab khu ; striking repeatedly. 
 me° lai me" khu ; bandying harsh words. bSi 
 lai ngan khu ; winked at each other. Q cab 
 
 lai me ? Did you bring it with you ? 6i" 
 
 tiang-sl l&i c5 ; wben you have leisure come 
 and sit here. nan lai phueb ce ; let us talk it 
 over. ^ia" Ifti kia" khu ; walk to and fro. i 
 sueb lai cSi-se° ? How did he explain it ? i li 
 ham i cie° lai, i li bam i 16b lai ; the one 
 told him to come up, and tbe other told him to 
 come down. cau-kbi lai cu soi min ; when 
 
 you get up, wash your face, kang-kiu lai hd ; 
 it is well explained. i cp mih su kha lai chiu 
 lai ; in whatever he does, be makes bis baffds 
 and feet fly. kbia khf lai ; stand up. i kha 
 tbia", boi lai ; he has a sore foot and cannot 
 come, kbut ua tboi" lai li m-bp ; as it appears 
 to me, it is not good. sie" m lai ; I cannot 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 333 
 
 think it out. i sie" lai si cie''-se"; he thouglit 
 it so. i poll lai tieh ; his criticism is correct, 
 boi lai kai ; what was bought. i se" lai chin- 
 chie° i ai ; he is like his mother. cfa ue lai 
 khali cho; this is too coarsely drawn, ci'a in lai 
 cu bin no 5 this imprint is very distinctly made. 
 
 jr^ lai 11 Within ; inner ; inside ; inter- 
 V\} 618 ^ nal in distinction from exter- 
 nal ; interior ; in the court or palace ; that 
 which is enclosed or within ; near to ; personal ; 
 among ; in the midst of ; the internal organs 
 or viscera; the inner rooms of a house. 
 lai ti ; in the interior ; in the country, chira 
 jip lai ti ; gone far into the interior. ke 
 lai ; the family ; the wife. lai cwt ; my wife. 
 I2,i tiet ; my own nephew, i u lai chai ; he has 
 natural ability, but is not learned. lai tang u 
 kiii kai ? How many are there on the inside ? 
 Bi lai sie", a si gua kam ? Is it an internal 
 injury or an external wound ? sin lai cp-ni 
 
 ta" ? What was said in the letter ? i to pang 
 lai ; she is in her room. bo to hu lai ; he is 
 
 not in thei*e. i tang s6i-s6i cu u to lai ; from 
 his infancy he has been thoughtful, ciah kau 
 hie" toa kai bo to bo lai ; is so well grown, and 
 yet has so little judgment. cp cai i to lai cp- 
 ni sie" ? How can you know what his thoughts 
 are ? it-tit to sim lai ; keep it in mind, i lai- 
 toi u sim-mih vvn-ku me ? Has he any personal 
 reason for so doing ? cia si i hun lai eng-kai 
 kai ; this is what properly belongs to his func- 
 tions, i ti kai lai-siang pe"; he has au internal 
 disease. i si ui lai khue, a si ui gua khue ? 
 Does he treat internal or skin diseases ? 
 
 ^IJ 
 
 lai 18 Sharp ; acute ; interest on 
 
 &21 6 money. 
 i kai to lili cai ; his knife is very sharp ; he is 
 very eager for gain. ua ca-jit cia" bua kau 
 
 ne lai-lai, cp-ni cu tun khu ; I ground it very 
 sharp yesterday, why has it become dull, sio 
 thoi" i sin teng ii lai khi a bp ; search his per- 
 son to see if he carries concealed weapons, 
 eSk kai gueh jieh coi lai-sek ? How much does 
 the interest amount to per month ? ham lai 
 ci" ; the amount of the interest. ni-ni to lap 
 lai ; is paying interest yearly, at stated times. 
 lai khi bp, bp khi lai ; intei'est increases capi- 
 tal, and capital increases interest, kau tang e 
 cu sia lai ; during the last quarter of the year, 
 the rate of interest diminishes. i ki chiii lai 
 cSi ; he is very sharp in repartee. 
 
 4*ll ^^^ - ^l^^®'' ; talented. 
 |j U 621 7 i kai nang lai cai ; he is very 
 shrewd, leng-lai; astute; quick witted; clever. 
 
 thoi" tieh i kai min-tie" se" lai to hph leng-l5,i» 
 cp-ni to lai hie" u-cu ? His face looks very in- 
 telligent, bow is it that he is reallv so stupid ? 
 leng-long lai-lai, kuai-kuai khio-khio; bright 
 and knowing. 
 
 m 
 
 — lak — 
 
 lak 26 To retire ; to go away from. 
 
 411 6 lak thp ce j draw back a little, 
 lak kau ne li-li ; withdrew entirely. lak cau j 
 ran back, lak tng; walked off in the direction 
 from which he came. ti-hng oih, lak m li ; 
 
 the space was narrow and I could not get out 
 of the way. 
 
 M\l^ lak-thak Slovenly ; careless. 
 1-^ 843 i CO su to Bi lak-lak 
 thak-thak ; she does things in a very slovenly 
 way. i li su tieh ceng-ceng sin-sin soi-sim If, 
 m ho lak-thak ; he must manage affairs very 
 cautiously and carefully, and not be negligent 
 in anything. lak-thak lak-thak, ciig kai bp 
 
 sim khu ku-kwn ; is very negligent, having 
 no mind to attend to it. 
 
 ^ni^ IS'k 75 Pleasure ; enjoyment. 
 ITTV 654 11 hi-lak ; pleased, khuai-lak j 
 happy. hi-hi lak-lak; jubilant. ua"-lak j 
 comfortable. kua" mia teng lak ; rulers and 
 subjects rejoice together, ui sien cue lak ; the 
 greatest joy is that of right doing. ka-ki cu; 
 lak ; tok lak ; solitary enjoyment. 
 
 lak 12 Six. 
 ^ > 662 2 lak gueh chiu l^k ; the sixth 
 day of the sixth month. si-lak chii kai nang 
 long-cong lai ; the people came from every 
 quarter, lak kak ; hexagonal, lia thoi" tieh i 
 kai lak meh 16ng-c6ng thio-hua ; I see that his 
 pulse is regular. m kwn i si-lak su ; have 
 
 nothing to do with his affairs. 
 
 /-rt lak 9 Diligent ; industrious. 
 I /■/ 609 2 i kai naug lak cai ; she is very 
 industrious, i lak thang cSi ; he keeps steadily 
 at work. ham i giap-lak khu cp, ua cu-jien 
 
 p6 i ; tell him to go and do it with diligence, 
 and I will of course compensate him, giap- 
 giap lak-lak; very diligently. 
 
 lak-kie 140 The shalote or scallion ; 
 188 13 it is forbidden to those 
 who fast. 
 
 lak-kie-thau u nang lo kiam boi ; some people 
 pickle scallions to sell. 
 
334 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THR 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 •-f^ lak 19 Muscular prowess ; brawn ; 
 yj 636 force ; strength ; mental en- 
 orgy ; spirit ; nerve ; the actuating power ; 
 divine succor ; full use of an organ ; assiduous ; 
 the properties or strength of a thing , as the 
 stiffness of a bow, vigor of a style, severity of 
 a disease, or tenacity of a wire, 
 englak; exert yourself; be spry; work hard. 
 Irik chut toa ce; put forth greater exertion, 
 bp lak ; nerveless ; without energy. c6 lia 
 cC'k pi cu lak ; lend rae a helping hand. i kai 
 nguii lAk h(5 ; ho has good eyesight. i sIm 
 
 sS u mfik lak; he is very sharp-sighted. cfa 
 keng u kui kfii lak ? How much strength is 
 required to draw this bow ? lieh Q \\ix 
 
 khi lak liang cia° co tit lai ; there must be 
 such a measure of strength in order to do it. 
 mih sii tieh liang Iftk jA kia"; you must act 
 according to your strengtli in whatever you do. 
 i kui huk htk \\6 ; he has great aptitude in 
 learning. c6ng nslng pia" lak khu cp; all 
 
 join your forces and go and do it. cio'-se" 
 
 cia" tit Ink ; thus it may be made effective, 
 mfon lak khu kia"; go and do it by main 
 strength. i kili chfu lak toa ; ho has great 
 
 strength of arm. lien lai Q lak; strengthened 
 by exercise. lak jii tien ju t5a ; the more 
 
 strength is exercised the greater it becomes, 
 ci'a lak to kut toi k6; he is reserving his 
 strength. via to b6 ie lak, cp m lai ; I have 
 not the muscular vigor necessary to do it. 
 i no nang t(5 to lak ; the two are measur- 
 ing their sti'ength with each other. i 
 kai cp su giap-ljlk cai ; he acts with great 
 energy. khang-khue tieh lak cp, cu tieh lak 
 thuk ; work must be done with vigor, and study 
 must be pursued with zeal. G lak m ho cin 
 chut ; one should not expend all his strength, 
 ko sin lak ; rely on supernatural help. cin 
 nang lak, theng thien kong ; exert human 
 strength to the uttermost, and then depend on 
 lielp from heaven. ci ki mueh u bwn kun 
 lak ; this will bear a strain of a thousand 
 pounds weight upon it without breaking. b6 
 Lia kha lak, kia" m khu ; have not the re- 
 quisite strength of limb to enable me to walk 
 there, ci kui kua" io lak li sii ; this magistrate 
 attends to his business with considerable 
 assiduity, bp hie" lak ; I am not called upon 
 to exert myself in such fashion. mai" khah 
 lS,k thang ; do not be too eager to earn money. 
 Liin lak pia" cp ; redouble your exertions, 
 and get it done the sooner. khua lak ; 
 strength of thigh, acquired in riding. i k§.i 
 hak-miig si to ti-tiang ko tit lak kai ? From 
 whom did he acquire his aptitude for learn- 
 ing ? 
 
 — lam — 
 
 lam 87 To spread over loosely ; to 
 
 671 7 cover lightly, 
 khieh kai sa° kai i lam Iph khu ; throw a tunic 
 over him. khieh kp p6 lai lam ; cover it with 
 a cloth. ci kp ciia khah soi, lam m mi"; this 
 paper is too small and does not cover it perfectly. 
 
 lam 1^8 A basket, used as a cover. 
 
 34 8 boi kai koi-lam hli kira koi ; 
 buy a coop to keep the fowls in. koi-lam 
 
 kh&m kai teng; a lamp having an openwork 
 convex shade. 
 
 J^S ^^™ "^^ The black olive. 
 IJ^ ^ 603 21 lam lam ; to scald olives, 
 lam hilt thiia"; charred olive pits. lam ])hiie 
 kp; a conserve of black olives. 1dm jiu ; the 
 meat from black olive pits. 
 
 him 64 To grasp; to carry with a 
 502 21 firm hand or in both arms; to 
 engross ; to monopolize ; to hug close ; grasping, 
 pau lam sii-s5ng; an attorney who takes the 
 whole management of affairs for his client, i 
 kui hiie-miieh Q lam-cai a bp ? Is there a bill of 
 lading for his goods ? sie him koi"; embrace 
 each other. i no nang td lam-ka-piiah ; the 
 
 two are wrestling, lam-kau, lam thoi" tl-tiang 
 ia"; wrestle and see who is the stronger, tiii i 
 Idm kin-kin ; hugged him close. lam lio m 
 
 hau" pang; clasped him in both arms and 
 would not let him go. lii tieh nie lia lam e ie ; 
 you must give me the grasp under the arms, 
 in wrestling. cia hph IS lam ; this is a whole 
 armful. ci cang chin, ti no nang lam ; this 
 
 tree is so large that it would take two persons 
 with outstretched arms to compass it. 
 
 lam 147 To take a view of, to inspect. 
 
 602 14 cek lam cin cai ; understood 
 the whole thing at a glance, lam ko, cai kim ; 
 review the past in order to comprehend the 
 present. phak lam khun cu ; has read a host 
 of books. kiong thia" gu lam ; I respectfully 
 send this up for Your Majesty's. inspection. 
 
 v'l^ 1^°^ ?^ Mire ; miry ; mud, slush ; 
 1/L 630 5 slushy, 
 hai phia" kai lam thp ; the mud from the sea 
 shore. lam ie"; mud-flats. tho lam-lam, tah 
 Iph khu cu bit pin kha-liam ; the mud is very 
 soft, and if you step on it you sink up to your 
 shins, tho lam, tham Iph khu, lop-ce-kie ; the 
 mud is slushy, and when you step into it there 
 is a splashing sound. cia si phien i khu loh 
 lam ; this is leading him into the slough. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 335 
 
 M 
 
 lam 85 To drench ; to souse ; to 
 
 640 8^ splash. 
 \km kiiu cek sin tap-tap-tih ; drenched so that 
 he was dripping wet. eng kun ciii hu lam 
 
 i nng ; sonse it with hot water to soften it. 
 fe chpli ci'ii Isii Isim koi ; dip out some water 
 and scald the fowl. lam thfiu him hi" cu 
 
 lam loh khu ; pour it over him, head and ears, 
 (as water from a shower-bath), him pug-am ; 
 drench it with rice water, lu kfii sa" lam tieh 
 iu ; your tunic is splashed with oil. khut kiin 
 ciii lam ksiu kai pliH, ; was splashed by the hot 
 ■water so as to have a blister raised, i khut la 
 lam kan hi'am-hiam si ; he came very near be- 
 ing scalded to death by the lard splashing 
 over him. 
 
 "^^ lam 140 Blue ; indigo blue. 
 Iriitl 602 lA lam sek ; blue. ji liim ; 
 
 navy blue. sa" lam ; dark blue. giieh lam ; 
 pale blue, it-pi'n lam ; blue black, chili lam ; 
 a greenish blue. gek lam ; a bluish green, 
 
 thien lam ; azure. i si sia tleh lam piig kai ; 
 he is writing out essays on thin paper for the 
 use of lazy students. po-lam siia" ; dark blue 
 thread. lam po sa" ; a jacket of dai'k blue 
 
 cotton cloth. 
 
 lam 102 The male of the human 
 614 2 species ; a baron; the lowest 
 
 of the five ranks of nobility. 
 
 lam-ct^ ; a son ; a man. l&m-cu hang ; manly. 
 
 lam-jiii ; men. lam nng ; male and female. 
 
 lam hu lau lu"; those of both sexes and of all 
 
 ages, lam ke ; the men folk. thau tho si se° 
 
 lam a se° nng ? "Was her first born a boy or a 
 
 girl ? lam-ciak ; a baron. 
 
 hxm 24 South ; southern ; austral. 
 
 614 7 lam hng ; the southern re- 
 gions, lam poi" kai tl-hng juah ; southern 
 countries are warm. ci koi" chu hiang lam, 
 hu koi" si CO lam ; this house fronts the south, 
 that one has its back to the south. huang- 
 ihai tbau kau hu biie cu ai" a hue lam ; when 
 the typhoon has blown itself out it veers to the 
 south. ci lam cam ; a magnetic needle, lam 
 pak hang ; a warehouse where northern and 
 southern goods are exchanged. 
 
 lam 1G7 To wash over with metal ; 
 
 1065 7 to plate, 
 naug bOe si lam se"-thih kai, cong-kii to ; men 
 are not plated with iron that they last forever. 
 10, i m tieh lam se"-thih kai ; and moreover, 
 he is not invulnerable. hu toi tang kai, ci 
 
 gua si lam ngun kai ; the inside is brass, and 
 the outside is overlaid with silver. 
 
 lfi.m 46 Vapor or mist. 
 
 502 "9^ sua" -lam ciang-khi ; malarious 
 vapor among mountains, nang a si chok tieh 
 sua"-h1m ciang-khi cu ai" se° pe"; if people 
 imbibe malaria they become ill. 
 
 ^Fl=f lam 173 Long continued rain. 
 7(vtC 502 ir hia ho che"-iam ! What tor- 
 rents of rain ! ho toa cS.i li-k\vn lam ; a 
 torrent of rain pouring incessantly. 
 
 T^"ffl* T^KS lam-lii Ragged ; shabby. 
 i^t TJuL ^02 sa" lam-lu ; garments 
 
 shabby. cek sin cheng kau lam-lam lii-lu ; 
 
 he was clothed in rags. 
 
 ^ 
 
 lam 75 An even grained, yellowish, 
 614 9 fine wood, used for furniture; 
 
 it grows in Kiang-si. 
 
 cia° nng-lam; the real, elastic, yellow-wood. 
 
 khi-irim ; a fragrant wood brought from Anam, 
 
 and used for beads. 
 
 /T vjv lam 38 Covetous; greedy. 
 ^^S 602 8 tham-lam ; avaricious. 
 
 >iK5 ISm 85 A freshet; profuse; excessive; 
 ■^ML ^03 14 lawless ; irregular ; beyond 
 bounds ; unsettled. 
 
 cui hiiam-lam ; the water surges, huam-huam 
 lam-lam chwn bo tia" ke" ; surging to and fro, 
 with no fixed channel. co kua"-hu kai nang 
 m hd lS,m h§ng ; magistrates must not inflict 
 excessive punishments. iie mai" iSm ta", su 
 mai" lam co ; do not speak heedlessly, and do 
 not act lawlessly, lam-sam ; heedless, lawless, 
 careless, wanton. ci"-ngun mai" lam eng ; do 
 not spend your money thoughtlessly. mai" 
 lam kau-chap pheng-iu ; do not heedlessly 
 enter into friendships. ISra po ; give a 
 
 security carelessly ; to recommend without full 
 knowledge. co ti hie" 15m ? How could you 
 be so heedless ? 
 
 — lang — 
 
 "jlfcfe* lang 103 Wide apart ; open ; having 
 J5/IL 775 7 interstices, 
 mai" pai khah lang ; do not set them too far 
 apart. thoi" tieh lang-lang ne ; it appears as 
 if the spaces between were very wide. cie"- 
 se° khah hi-lang, tieh cp bak-cak ce ; that is 
 too open, it must be made closer. 
 
 lang 130 A thick indurate skin on 
 65 5 the hands and feet, 
 phoi kha-lang; pare off the indurate skin on 
 the feet. 
 
336 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 lang 61 Lazy; remiss; disinclined to. 
 
 603 16 lang-toa°; lazy; languid, 
 ciu-jit to si lang-lang t6a°-toa°, chwn jIi co 
 kang-hu; loafs around all day and does no 
 work, lang-lang tbang-thang ; very listless. 
 
 lang 118 A bag; a sack. 
 
 G15 22 khang lang tng-lSi ; came 
 back with an empty bag. sie" lang ; a haver- 
 sack, tek lang ; a splint bag. sin cp cek lang ; 
 kept them and put them all into one bag. 
 
 lang 98 The female of beasts. 
 
 697 2 lu lang ; a young sow. si 
 ko a si lang ; is it male or female ? ngio 
 
 lang ; a female kitten, gu-hing ; a heifer. 
 
 41: 
 
 jTST Ij^ng 11^ An interim ; to leave a 
 __~l*^ 464 8 Space between ; an inter- 
 stice ; to omit a portion. 
 
 lang kui kai ji ; left out several letters, lang 
 sa" kai ; omit three. IKng cek hieh li'o cla' 
 
 h(5 si'a ; leave one blank page and then write, 
 mng e ai" lang jieh kui" ? How wide a space 
 is to be left at the bottom of tlie door ? tin- 
 tang lang ii k6 tl ; an open space is left in the 
 middle of the grounds. Ikng tio nQ h6 chftng 
 m ho cph ; not reckoning two acres which are 
 unfit for cultivation. miia'-ti-kp khui theng 
 }hng o ; vent holes opening in all directions. 
 
 Hg lang 130 Pus. 
 J^ 643 13 Be" lung; to produce pus. 
 tie" liing; puffed up witli pus. khi-tliau-e 
 
 chut cek kc)ng lang, ta" si lua lung-cui tia°; 
 at the first a hard lump of pus came out of it, 
 and now it exudes only wateiy pus. k^n 
 
 14ng ; bring to a head, make ripe for opening, 
 liu kau laug-thau chut lai ; squeeze out the 
 core (of a boil). thie i chut lang; open it 
 
 and let out the pus. i s6 phiii kai si lang, m si 
 th^m ; what he expectorates is pus, not mucous, 
 tang i khu tho lang tho hueh, mai° chai i ; let 
 liim go and spue out his bile, and pay no 
 attention to him. ko lang; to form pus. 
 
 kam-lang kam-lang ; raw and mattery. 
 
 •Jblll "iRfl lang-kang A balustrade ; a rail- 
 tttli loi ^ iug. 
 
 ui cek teug lang-kang ; inclose with a railing, 
 si cieh lang-kang a si cha lang-kang ? Has it 
 a stone or a wooden baluster ? lang-kang 
 
 mag ; a grated door. 
 
 1^ l^ng 173 What exceeds a round num- 
 645 5 ber ; a fraction ; a residue ; 
 a remainder ; in numeration, a cypher showing 
 that one denomination is not used.. 
 
 lang-chiii kai p6 ; remnants of cloth. lang« 
 chili kai ngun-nie ; the residue of the funds, 
 sa" ni'e lang no hun ; three taels, no mace and 
 two candareens. choi" lang si ; a thousand 
 and forty, peh lang ngo ; a hundred and five, 
 no peh bo lang; two hundred and nothing 
 over. kiii-u kai put kue lang-che"-chui.tiam; 
 the surplus consists of nothing more than a few 
 odds and ends. lang-lang chui-chui jvvn boi ; 
 sell off as may chance to be possible in bits and 
 pieces. lang-ld ; a little, a small quantity or 
 a short piece. ai" ka lang-lp, i m liku"; he is 
 not willing to cut off a short piece for one. 
 chun lang-l<5 tia"-tla°; have only a little left, 
 h&i" ke lang-lp thoi" i hau" m5 ; offer him a 
 little more and see if he will consent. lang- 
 lang \6-]6 mileh, chin-chai ce; it is a very 
 slight thing, do not be exacting about it. ci 
 hfie bp lang- 1(5 cl"; have at present scarcely any 
 cash. ci hue kiiu cjip tiam lang ; it is now 
 
 past ton o'clock. ua pang u lang-kia" much 
 to i kp ; 1 left a few things in his care. iieh 
 ke Iftng jit cia" u ; there will be some in a few 
 days. cfa siig si lang-sang much ; this is a 
 thing of little value, i ii lang boi a bp ? Does 
 he sell any at retail ? tih lang tiam Iph khu ; 
 drop in a few drops. l^ng peb ci* su, mai° 
 
 pph khah thfam ; do not bicker too much about 
 a matter of a few hundred cash, cuah u lang- 
 li lo ; lacks a few miles of it. cek kia" kaa 
 
 l&ng kai ngun ; one of them costs but a few 
 dollars, lang-lftug sn-su ; a very little. 
 
 Itlng 172 Hard; difficult; grievous; 
 
 614 11 neither easy nor pleasant; 
 seldom attained ; to harass, 
 lang cp ; hard to do. lang seng ; difficult of 
 
 accomplishment, lang tit; not easily attained . 
 lang tSu i m lai? Can you think he wou'c 
 come ? Id mki" Iflng-ui i ; do not you vex him. 
 Iftng thoi"; repulsive. lang ta°; unspeakable, 
 lang Tcai; difficult to know. lang thia"; 
 
 unpleasant to hear about. lAng siang-sin ; 
 
 incredible. i cl hue kang-lang-khiin-kho kai 
 si-hau ; he is now in distress. lang thang ; 
 
 hardly earned. 
 
 lang 140 A general name for or- 
 501 Tf chideous plants, 
 cu-lang ; an orchid. me''-lang ; the white lily, 
 ngo-hieh-lang ; the five leaved orchid. koi- 
 
 kha-lang ; the fowl's foot orchid. i chap u 
 
 cek pang gueh-lang hue ; he has become a 
 member of a loan association. 
 
 lang 128 Deaf ; hard of hearing. 
 668 16 hi" lang ; deaf. te° lang 
 
 e ; pretend to be deaf and dumb. hi° lang, 
 
DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 337 
 
 ^ 
 
 kau sie"; made deaf by having the ear-wax dug 
 out too forcibly. hi" cek pua" king hie"-se°; 
 partially deaf. hi" cek p6i" lung ; deaf in 
 
 one ear. 
 
 '^3^ lung 195 The scales of fish ; scaly. 
 ^WtT 541 12 hu lang ; fish scales, phah 
 tlo lang ; take off the scales. hu-la,ng sie ciap ; 
 overlap like fish scales, hu-lang hun ; a mack- 
 erel sky. chiu teng se° liap hu-lang cue ; has 
 a wart on his hand. bo lang hu ; scaleless 
 
 fish, sin teng chie" lang-kak ; has scurvy. 
 
 lang 112 A mill used in hulling paddy. 
 
 568 Tg" lang pi; the shaft of the mill 
 lung hi"; the sides of the mill, oi lang; to turn 
 the mill. 
 
 ^K lang 118 A cage ; an open basket for 
 fi^ 568 16 carrying birds or animals, 
 cio-lung ; a bird-cage. teng-lang ; a lantern. 
 
 lang 163 A term of respect for officers 
 504 "7~ and others ; a gentleman, 
 koh-e u kui ui leng-lang ? How many sons 
 have you remaining near you ? i kai kfa" to 
 CO ll-po lang-tong ; his sou is a clerk in the 
 Board of Civil Office. 
 
 lang 94 A cruel wild beast. 
 505 7 chai-lang ; wolves. lang 
 sim, kau heng ; unmerciful and savage. 
 
 lang 53 A porch. 
 
 504 10 li'ang lS,ng; side porches; 
 vestibules on either side. 
 
 lang 85 Waves, billows, surges ; pro- 
 
 505 7 fligate, dissipated, wasteful; 
 the mind not settled. 
 
 ci kai kia" si lang-tang cai ; this son is very 
 unsteady. pp lang thau thi"; the billows rise 
 to heaven. laug-tang kia"-ti ; a spendthrift. 
 i to si lang-lang tang-tang, m kheng ua"-ce" cp 
 cia"-keng su-ngiap; he is always drifting about 
 from one thing to another, and will never 
 quietly follow any fixed occupation, 
 
 lang 74 Clear, as moonlight. 
 505 7 gueh I5ng, che" hi ; when 
 the moon is bright the stars are sparse. 
 
 lang 55 To use badinage ; to trifle 
 
 569 4 and toy with, 
 lang ke, seug cin ; began in jest and ended in 
 earnest. lang kha, hwn cwt ; the pretended 
 expert turned out to be a fool ; he thought he 
 would do a smart thing and got into trouble, 
 ce bo nang tit i ui i cu ka" ISng khwn ; as 
 soon as there is no one at hand of whom he is 
 afraid, he ventures to abuse his liberty. 
 
 m 
 
 /A^ lang 9 To stretch forth ; to thrust 
 |fp 736 5 out; to project, 
 chiu lang chut lai khut sin-se" thoi"; hold out 
 your arm that the doctor may look at it. sa"- 
 ng khah oih, chiu lang Iph khu cu tck tieh ; 
 the sleeve of ray tunic is too tight, and when 
 I thrust in my arm it pinches. kha lang t5 
 liam giia khut i thoi"; put her foot out from 
 behind the screen that he might look at it. 
 lu kui phoi-ta" lang jip lai khut i cih ; reach 
 your carrying pole in and let her take it. sam 
 khah tiig m hp lang jip khu ; the timber is too 
 long, and cannot be projected in. lang kai 
 
 thau chut lai I'am ; thrust out her head and 
 scrutinized it. i k^i cua-cam lang-a-lang ; 
 
 darts out his forked tongue. 
 
 lang 172 Calamity; trouble; difficulty. 
 
 614 11 cai-lang ; adversity. kho- 
 lang; distress, toa lang ; great affliction. i 
 si to lang kau ci-kp lai kui ; he came here to 
 escape from trouble. siu kho siu lang ; ex- 
 perience hardship. cau lang ; encounter 
 trouble. k\u kho km lang ; rescue from 
 distress. lang jit ce kite cu hd ; when these 
 troublous days are passed, all will be well. 
 
 — lap — 
 
 lap 37 A case ; a wrapper ; to encase ; 
 
 871 7 to snare, 
 cek hii chiu-lap ; a pair of gloves. khah toa, 
 lap m loh ; it is too large and will not go into 
 the case. khieh kai p6-tp lai lap ; take a bag 
 and slip this into it. lap Iph khu kin-km ; 
 
 it goes into the case with no room to spare, 
 tang lia lap sang bueh lio ; wait till I put on 
 ray stockings. cia sng si lap tieh kui, m si 
 
 hau" kai ; this was something that circum- 
 stances forced him into, not something that he 
 did willingly. lap tieh cu pak m lut ; if you 
 get involved in it, you cannot afterward free 
 yourself. i kai ue ta'" Ifo lap sin, ka-ki lap 
 
 ka-kl ; he implicated himself by his own talk, 
 i cia" lap to lap, to si to kuang nang ; he casts 
 his noose hither and thither, everywhere 
 ensnaring people. i cia ue si to lap i k3.i ; 
 
 in saying this he is laying a snare for her. 
 i hua"-hi nang lap kau to ; he is delighted 
 when he can get anyone to be his lackey, cia 
 si lap tieh chi-tek khut ; this is being caught 
 on the spikes of the thorny bamboo. sa° si 
 
 khut kheng-ki" lap lih ; the jacket was rent 
 by catching upon the rim of the basket, i lap 
 nang kai ce, lap kau bit-bit ; he is over head 
 and ears in debt, ce lap pin mak ; in debt up 
 to his eyes. lap kau i ce jin cii phoi" i ; 
 
 entrap him into confessing and then bring him 
 
338 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 to trial, kua kliieh 14i lap loh khu; bring the 
 cover and slip it on. 
 
 }/ aJ^ lap 75 To inoculate or infect witli 
 ^T^ 286 6 a disease. 
 i lap tak, lap kau cek sin lok-lok ; he has taken 
 a vile disease and has it so badly that he is 
 rotten with it. 
 
 /^ lap 184 To bale out; to dip out. 
 p^ 1076 7 cun toi kui cui kliii lap 
 cheng-khih ; bale out all the water from the 
 bottom of the boat. lap lia" ciii Ifti khut ua ; 
 dip up a bowlful of water and give it to me. 
 
 lap 120 To pay at stated times ; to 
 Gil 4 pay or present to govern- 
 ment. 
 
 lap hiang ; pay duties, lap Aang-nle ; pay the 
 land tax. b6 chang (jug hip jieh coi nie ? 
 
 What tax is paid on each acre of arable land, 
 cfa pho cek ni lap i jieh coi ? How much do 
 you pay him per year for the use of this shop ? 
 si lA,p nge kai a si cie shg ? Is it paid in money 
 at a fixed time, or is it reckoned in account? 
 kui-ll si soi" lap 5u ke", a si soi" ke° ftu lap ? 
 Which is the local usage, to pay the reut and 
 then till the ground, or to first till the ground 
 and then pay the reut ? lap co ; pay rent, 
 
 ci kai kua si kicn-lap kai kua"; this magistrate 
 is one who got his office by purchase. 
 
 lllp 162 lap-cap ; mixed ; unassorted, 
 497 15 confused ; sweepings ; rub- 
 bish, boi chun kai ci" boi co lap-cap much ; the 
 money that I had left after making my pur- 
 chases, I spent in buying various little things, 
 eng i td H liip-cap kai su ; employ him to do 
 odd jobs. ci choh Ifip-ldp cap-cup kfii mtieh 
 siu CO cek ta°; put these various articles all 
 into one carry, i ci khi lap-cap j! bo mih pat ; 
 he is not well acquainted with these unclassi- 
 fied characters. 
 
 — lau — 
 
 lau 125 Aged ; venerable ; a term of 
 608 respect, resembling Sire; old ; 
 out of date ; inert. 
 
 lau £-u ; honored Sir. lau iu° cng klii lai ; old 
 and young all came. lau-jiak ; feeble from 
 
 age. keng lau, cun hien ; revere the aged, and 
 honor the learned, lau-sit ; harmless ; witless ; 
 simple ; gullible ; gentle ; tractable, cp su lau- 
 lien ; versed in affairs, sio ni lau sdng ; an old 
 head on young shoulders. lau-kun ; lau-cii ; 
 names of the founder of the sect of Rationalists, 
 or Tauists. hut lau no ka ; the two sects, 
 
 Buddhists and Tauists. 
 
 m 
 
 lau 9 A person ; a fellow ; one of a 
 629 6 class ; a demeaning term not 
 infrequently added to the name of a calling, 
 hiang-pa lau ; a boor, a clod-hopper. cuang 
 CO gua-kiing lau; pretended to be a fellow 
 from some distant place. ki-e lau ; a Tartar. 
 
 Isia 118 A basket woven of withes 
 514 11 and made water tight, 
 cek kha iu-lau ; an oil hamper. 
 
 lau 187 To swindle ; to take ad van- 
 I^WW 601 9 tage of. 
 i to kuang-liin iiftng; ho swindles people, 
 lau-kla"; a swindler. 
 
 lau 140 The siri used with betel. 
 
 608 6 lau-hieh ; siri leaf. phah 
 
 khau lau-hleh ; roll up a mouthful of siri leaf. 
 
 ^ffib l^u 6^ To girdle with ; to wear 
 fW 846 8 l^u thih-s(5 ; to wear fetters, 
 lau chau-soh ; be led by a straw rope, as are 
 women who are rejected and sent back to their 
 father's house from a husband's home, i chia 
 teng Iku cek pak hio"-cu ; he wore a string of 
 scented beads on his wrist. lau chiu-eoh; 
 
 wear chain bracelets. 
 
 y^ ^^^ — "^^ purge ; to flow off. 
 i^uy 797 14 lan-siii ; diarrhea. i si cng 
 kai lau sdi-cui, r7i seng pun ; he has none but 
 watery stools, lau hiia" kfii o-lo hueh chut lai; 
 passed dark murky blood several times. 
 
 vJW lau 162 To linger ; to delay ; to saun- 
 JS 548^ To ter. 
 
 cdk 16 ci-kp tau-lau kiii jit, hu-kd tau-lau kdi 
 jit, ciig kai m cin-coi"; on the way lingered 
 here a few days and there a few days, and 
 made no progress at all. 
 
 Iftu 19 To toil, to labor, to fag at ; 
 
 507 10 to exert one's self for another; 
 to trouble one, as with a commission ; to dis- 
 tress ; careworn, burdened ; services to the 
 state ; meritorious deeds. 
 
 lau-tong lu; I am putting you to trouble on my 
 account. lau-tong kui-ke ; I wish to engage 
 your valuable help. m ho khah lau sin ; 
 
 do not take too much anxious thought about 
 it. lau sim thai kue ; overburdened with 
 care, i co su khun-lau c&i; he does things in a 
 veiy painstaking way. i cek se° lau-kho; hers 
 is a life of toil. lau-lau I6k-16k kue c€k si ; 
 
 toil and moil through life, cai i kai kong-lau ; 
 know bis merit, lau ke ; excuse my troubling 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 339 
 
 yon. cia khali u lau ; this is making you too 
 lunch trouble. cie"-se" si tliu lau bo iah ; this 
 is laboi'iiig in vain, lau lak kai nang; a toiler, 
 tieh Ham pe-bo kii lau kai un ; must recollect 
 the gracious kindness of our parents in their 
 former labors for us. lau kim jieh coi ? What 
 was the amount given as a reward for his 
 services ? cang ci kai hli chlu i kai lau ; take 
 this and present it to him in recognition of 
 services kindly rendered, ra ho khah kue bua- 
 lau ; do not drudge too incessantly. kue iu- 
 lau cu ai" se" pc"; moiling too much will bring 
 on illness, i ci kai pe" si hu-lau kai pe"; this 
 sickness is the I'esult of overwork. 
 
 m 
 
 hiu 85 The tide. 
 
 37 12 \Cm ti" a khp ? Is the tide 
 rising or falling ? hlu-cui oi kau ci a boi ? 
 
 Does the tide reach to this point or not ? l&u 
 pe"; the tide is motionless. lau kho kau tah- 
 tah ; the tide is at its lowest ebb. kiia" lau ; 
 follow the tide, ngek lau ; go against the tide. 
 
 wS^t lau 85 The flowing of water ; to 
 ViLf 549 7 circulate ; to diffuse itself ; to 
 shed; to flow out; fluid. 
 
 lau ciii me"; the current is swift, sun l^u ; to 
 go with the tide. ngek lau ; the" lau ; to 
 
 go against the current. ci ko kai cun 
 
 61 kia" lau ciii kai ; the boats hereabouts are 
 made to go with the current. ho huang m 
 
 pha" lau ; with a fair wind there is no fear of 
 the tide. ci ko si lau sim ; the centre of the 
 current is here. hueh lau, hueh tih ; the 
 
 blood runs, lau mak-cap ; to shed tears, tng 
 lau khoi ciii ; an ever flowing stream, ciii lau 
 bo ko khu; the water has no outlet. thek si- 
 kang-kfa" lau ; to float on the tide. ci tlo 
 
 kau lau loh khoi, khoi cu lau Iqh hai ; this 
 drain flows into the river, and the river flows 
 into the sea. thog thong khut i lau ; poke 
 
 it open and let it flow along. sak kin boi 
 
 lau ; tightly obstructed so that it cannot flow. 
 lau phi".cui ; mucous running from the nose. 
 lau hi" l^ng koi ; pus running from the ear. 
 
 X^ lau 75 A loft ; a staging ; a tower ; 
 l:^C 513 11 the upper floor or storey of a 
 house ; a chamber ; a large fine shop; a porch 
 or raised portal ; storied. 
 
 lau teng, lau e ; up stairs and down stairs, no 
 cang lau ; two storied. cie" kau-lan ; go to 
 
 an eating room. ji in lau; the second storey. 
 ISu cie" ke lau; storey above storey. che"-lau; 
 a brothel. sia" lau te'ng; a tower above the 
 city gate. ceng lau ; a belfry. ko l^u ; a 
 drum tower. ke" lau ; a watchman's loft. 
 
 cau-be-hiu ; a verandah ; a corridor, mo" lau; 
 an observatoi'y ; a balcony ; a lookout. I4u 
 
 thai ; a staging for performances. lilu c^"; a 
 skylight. lau thui ; a stairway. Iftu pang ; 
 the floor of a chamber. lau e"; floor beams, 
 
 ci koi" chii ngo in Iftu ; this house has five 
 stories. 
 
 J^l lau 102 To detain ; to stop a guest ; 
 P-l 547 5 to keep back ; to delay, 
 khut i lau-cu to ko ; has been retained by him. 
 jvvu lau, i m kheng na ko ; however much I 
 exerted myself to keep her, she would not stay, 
 ci kia" mueh lau-pang-ko cp ceng-ku ; keep 
 this to use as a proof of it. lau pang mua-ca 
 ciah ; set it aside to eat to-morrow. I2,u i to 
 sie phua"; kept her to be company for me. 
 hvvn-lio lau u ti ; there is still some empty 
 space left, bp lau i ; did not urge her to stay, 
 tau-lau i na kp ; forcibly detain him. tau-l&a 
 i kai mueh-kia", mai" i khu ; forcibly detained 
 her things to keep her from going. mill su 
 
 bp lau cheng ; is not accommodating in any- 
 thing, khut i lau to ciah ; kept him to dinner, 
 lau jim ; press to remain in office. ceng nang 
 khu lau jim ; all went to protest against his 
 removal from office, 
 
 lau 104 Wasting away from toil or 
 509 12 atrophy of the viscera ; con- 
 sumption of the bowels ; marasmus, 
 hu-lau kai pe"; a wasting disease ; a pining 
 away, lau pe"; phthisis ; emaciated and con- 
 sumptive, lau sie", hu siin ; injured so as to 
 produce a chronic atrophy, as by immoderate 
 lifting. 
 
 lau 125 Aged ; venerable ; a term of 
 
 608 respect, 
 lau n^ng ; iSu nang ke ; venerable sir ; an old 
 person, lau nang hok-sek ; garments suitable 
 for the aged. lau uang ; the old king. la.u 
 sin-se"; the venerable teacher. lS,u tai-jin ; 
 
 Your Excellency. lau ia; Your Worship; a 
 god. hu kai si i kai lau kong-phua ; those 
 are his grandparents. 
 
 J^ l:S!^ lau-ien An adulterer. 
 ^ V 30*% 381 hu kai ai" cp lau-ien kai, 
 sim-mih khau-keng ? What did the one who 
 was tried for adultery say in his own defense ? 
 
 YJS ^^1 85 To drip ; to leak ; to ooze out; 
 
 \/m 514 11 to lose, to disclose, to blab, to 
 
 let slip ; to lose sight of ; to let in, as light ; a 
 
 clepsydra. 
 
 p6 lau ; to mend a leak, chu-teng oi lau a 
 
 boi ? Does the roof leak ? ho ce toa lau kau 
 
340 
 
 DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 lok-lok; whenever it rains Lard ifc leaks so 
 that everything is dripping wet. i kai cun 
 
 tiam lau khu ; his boat was made to leak by 
 hitting upon a stone. siap-lau ; to ooze out. 
 cau laa ; run out. tling-hu tih-lau ; a clepsy- 
 dra. 6i jui-lau mueh-kia" a boi ? Did he leave 
 any property ? c\ kai lai cho cui boi lau ; this 
 will not leak if water is put in it. khieh khu 
 kek, th6i° oi lau a b6i ; take it and go and 
 press it down on the water and sec whether it 
 leaks or not. khut i lau raJlng khu; let him 
 slip out of the net. cun kau kang tang p6 lau 
 chi } it is rather late to stop the leak when the 
 boat is in mid channel, ci ksli kha-thftng ISu ; 
 this wash-tub leaks, i kai ciah si tih tieh h6 
 lau kai ; the marks have been made by the 
 rain dripping on it. thJli lau ; wait for an 
 
 opening. ci kla" su m h(5 lau-hnang ; do not 
 breathe a word concerning this matter. 
 
 P^l lau 191 Hum ; bustle ; tumult. 
 IrpJ 617 6 lau-jlet; much commotion; 
 many going to and fro. hii ko khah lau-jiet ; 
 there is too much bustle there. mua°-tI-ko 
 
 lau-lau jiet-jiet ; a great stir everywhere. 
 
 M 
 
 lau 104 A purient tumor. 
 
 514 11 thi-lau ; bleeding piles. 
 
 — laub — 
 
 lauh 184 To lap up with the tongue. 
 
 899 6 thia" ki" tu to lauh phun ; 
 heard the swine eating their swill. ci ciah iu 
 tho ciah cSi, lauh kau co cheng-khih cheng- 
 khih ; this hog is very eager for food, he has 
 eaten his trough quite clean. kdu ip lauh 
 
 cui, ngio to lauh nek-thng ; the dog is lapping 
 water and the cat is lapping soup. 
 
 _ lauh 53 Dilapidated and ready to 
 'M. 6 11 tumble down, 
 cia chii lauh cSi, tiik bo mih ci°; this house is 
 very dilapidated and is not worth much, hfa 
 chii lauh-lauh, put kii tieh to ; that house is 
 very shaky, and will tumble down before long. 
 
 % 
 
 — le — 
 
 le 5 -A- particle used to arrest the 
 1079 2 attention, and not usually 
 needing to be translated. 
 
 i le to m cai ho khiah ; as for him, he knows 
 not good from evil, cp ua le cu ai"; if it were 
 I, I should want it. c6i° le mih- much to ii ; 
 formerly, everything was to be had. jiak si 
 lia le, ciu m cie"-se" cp ; if it were I, indeed I 
 would not do so. kip kau i toa le ciu hio 
 
 kui-ku ; when he is larger he will without 
 doubt know how to behave himself, ta* le ciu 
 m 81 cie°-Be°; now-a-days, it is not so. i ta" 
 
 ho le ; he says it is finished. mai" le ; I do 
 
 not want it. 
 
 le-ke 65 A sham ; pretence ; false. 
 569 4 cp khu le-ke ; made showily 
 and not substantially. ci ciah chng cp lai le- 
 ke, rli toi", m cin tie"; this table is shabbily put 
 together, it is neither strong nor well joined. 
 ua thia" tieh lo-le ke-ke, cp-ni cu cin-sit c'ie°- 
 se"; it sounds to me like a trumped up story, 
 how is it that it can be true. 
 
 — leh — 
 
 leh 178 A sharp report of thunder ; 
 
 ^ 537 16 a clap. 
 
 lui leh-leh-kie; the thunder sounds in short 
 sharp claps. tAng-ca lui kong kia leh, si khu 
 si G slm-mueh kai le"; a little while ago there 
 was a sudden sharp clap of thunder, it sounded 
 as if it might have struck and killed something. 
 h(5-h<5 si-si lui leh-ce-kie ; it thundered unex- 
 pectedly. 
 
 Pi 
 
 leh 30 A noise of splitting. 
 
 537 16 i kfti ue tu" lai h'o-h'o leh-leh ; 
 he speaks in a very shrill voice, ci kfii soi kai 
 ta" khu keng lio-leh, hii kai t5a kai ta" khu 
 kong hu-thu ; the little fellow speaks very 
 shrilly, while his elder brother speaks more 
 softly. 
 
 ilj 
 
 leh 18 To cut open ; to slash. 
 
 637 16 tu-thau leh cp no p6i"; cut the 
 pig's head in two. klie ai" leh cp kui liam ? 
 How many pieces shall I cut the cake into ? 
 khut to leh tieh ; was cut by the knife when I 
 was cutting up something. leh cp si kak ; 
 
 quarter it. i leh to, khu tui i si ; he cut open 
 his own bowels, in order to convict the other 
 man of crime, leh peh ah, khu tu tlo i ; killed 
 one of their own party, in order to use the 
 death as a counter charge against the enemy, 
 ci ciah koi leh-khui hu-toi ceng-ceng \k ; when 
 this fowl was cut open the inside was full 
 of fat. sie thai sie leh ; cut and slash each 
 other. 
 
 l^h 104 A scratch ; a trace left by 
 ,. ^ 167 6 claws, 
 chiu khut ngio jio kau cek Idh cek l^h ; his 
 hand has been scratched by the cat. lu 
 
 khut ti-tiang khau kau hie" coi leh ? "Who has 
 scratched you like that ? 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 341 
 
 leli 77 To pass throngb ; to oxpe- 
 537 12 Hence ; passing away ; to 
 pass over, by oi' to; successive. 
 Ich cliio m pat u kai su ; soiuetliing that has 
 not happened during several dynasties, leh-lai 
 bue u; hitherto it has not happened, naiig meng 
 i hu-leh ; inform one's self concerning his an- 
 tecedents, leh i\i hu-ko cau ciii cai ; year after 
 ycnY that place has suffered from floods, leli- 
 leh kbo khau ; every particular can be proven, 
 leh cin chi-llen khd-cho; I have passed through 
 all trials, i Ian nang I'o ii Iwt-leh; this aged man 
 has had experience. i raih su to Iwt-leh kue ; 
 he has passed through all sorts of experiences. 
 b6 Iwt bo leh co hie" koi pat ; with no experi- 
 ence in it, how can you so easily understand it. 
 
 ^jWk ^'^^^ — ^ ^''°p- 
 
 VJti 537 16 tek leh ; the sap of the bam- 
 boo, regarded as a febrifuge. 
 
 — lek — 
 lek 19 To rein in, to restrain ; to 
 509 9 require of; to oblige to do; 
 to exact unjustly ; to bind ; to cut in stone, 
 lek-cu be ; rein in a horse. ci kia" su si i to 
 
 khie-lek ; he is taking an unlawful advantage 
 in this. lek-sok ; to extort ; to compel assent, 
 lek-sok nfing kai ci"; extort money from people, 
 pek-lek; to ill use; harsh requirements. pek- 
 lek ksiu i si'; kill her by harsh treatment, mia" 
 lek to pho teng ; his name is cai'ved in the list, 
 mia" long-cong lek to pi teng ; the names ai'e 
 all graven on the tablet, sio-bak lek tit; the 
 account is adjusted, be-lek-to ; a saddle girth, 
 be-lek-to tieh lek ho, lek m-ho cii ui puah tieh; 
 the saddle girth must be carefully fastened, if it 
 is not, there is danger of falling off. chue tio 
 soil lai'lek kin tia"; get a rope and gird it up 
 tightly, kliut i lek toa-bo-miieh ci" khu; had a 
 large amount of money exacted from me by him. 
 
 lek 120 The hue of leaves ; a bright 
 A|*rIV 563 8 green, 
 lek jong ; green baize. ang lek p6 ; red and 
 
 green stuffs, cheng kau hue-a,ng lia-lek ; gor- 
 geously attired. lek-sek ; bright green. lek 
 hwn ; green vitriol. 16k.ni kle ; a sedan chair 
 covered with green broadcloth. lek lim cu 
 
 tang ia ii eng-hiong kai nang khut sin to hu- 
 ko ; in the forests also braves are crouched, 
 chaii sek, lek-lek ; green as grass, ah sai lek ; 
 a dull mottled green. lek ciii kui ; cinnamon 
 which makes a green infusion when steeped, 
 chi'en lek ; a pale green. chim lek chim lek ; 
 deep green. lek ia° kai pia''-be ; Chinese 
 
 cavalry, lek-tau che"; apple green. 
 
 lek 77 To pass through or over ; to 
 537 12 experience ; arrayed in order, 
 lek iii kai tang h(5 ; the crops have been good 
 for successive years. ua lek lai th6i"-ki'' sa" 
 hue ; I have seen it three times in succession, 
 ci'a su i pat keng-lek kiie; he has had experience 
 in such matters. bo keug bo lek m ka" khin 
 eng ; having no previous experience in it, I 
 dare not lightly make use of it. 
 
 j^^ lek 170 High, dry land ; land in 
 I ~KX 562 8 distinction from water, 
 i si kia" ISk lo, a si kia" cui l6 ? Did he go by 
 land or by water ? i si lek lo kai thi-tok ; he 
 is the Commander-in-Chief of the Provincial 
 troops. 
 
 kin 
 
 sa 
 
 104 Scrofulous swellings 
 16 evil, 
 lek ; he has king's evil. 
 
 — leng — 
 
 167 A small bell with a clapper. 
 5 leng-leng-kie si ti-tiang to 
 ie long ? Who is it that is ringing a bell and. 
 making that jangling sound ? be' am e kua 
 kai leng ; the horse wore a bell under his neck. 
 
 le'ng 64 To push. 
 926 8 leng to ; pushed it over, 
 khut i leng puah loh khu ; was pushed by 
 him so that I fell down, nang-mueh coi oi-oi 
 leng-leng ; there were a great number of peo- 
 ple, crowding and pushing. i leng i puah 
 loll hai ; he pushed her into the sea. lia mang 
 X bua, Iti leng i khui ; when I was pulling it 
 toward me, you pushed it away. leng m tin- 
 tang ; it does not budge when pushed. thoi" 
 ke'ng sie le'ng ; like pushing and crowding 
 each other at a show. 
 
 y/^ leng 9 To stand on tiptoe. 
 
 Ill 349 4 leng khi kha cu th6i"-ki"; if 
 you stand up straight you will see it. leng 
 
 kui" ce cu khieh tieh ; stretch up a little higher 
 and you will reach it. ce leng kui" cu m6ng 
 tieh ; as soon as I stretched up I got hold of it. 
 leng khi kha to mo"; drawn up to his utmost 
 height gazing at it. i kai kia"-lo long-kha-biio 
 leng-kha-biie ; he walks on tiptoe. 
 
 ^^* leng 173 The spirit or energy of a 
 "^tK 543 16 being ; that which acts on 
 others to produce effects ; spiritual, cthcrial ; 
 intelligent; that which is eflScacious ; the 
 majesty of a god; felicitous; effective; powerful; 
 mysterious ; unseen ; obscure ; a disembodied 
 agency } divine ; sapernatural aid ; whatever 
 
342 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 can bold converse with the nnseen ; a coffin, as 
 it contains the departed spirit ; the highest 
 type of a class, as man is of created beings ; 
 lucky, opportune; subtile; ingenious; marvel- 
 ous ; showing genius ; astute. 
 ISng-ngiara ; effectual. leng-hiin ; the human 
 soul, including its intelligence and its substance. 
 I6ng eng; a divine response, an effectual 
 answer, ceng-leng ; clever, apt. sii-lai slm si 
 16ng i ; has heretofore manifested his superna- 
 tural wonders. kiu bvvn se^-leng ; rescue all 
 living beings. Bia"-leng; the Holy Spirit (a 
 foreign term). Bxa"-leng kam-tong ; the Holy 
 Spirit moves him. thiu cek ki leng chiara ; 
 
 draw a lot from the box of splints shaken 
 before an idol. i k&,i khue pok lili Icng cfti ; 
 his cast in divination was very accumtely made, 
 i si Jlu u leng cHi ; he manifested himself very 
 intelligently after his death, hii k&i si li'o cng 
 kai b6 leng ; that one gave no spiritual mani- 
 festation of himself after he died. leng-Oi; the 
 ante-burial tablet. chiii cek kai leng-teng ; 
 
 make a canopy and platform for a body to lie 
 in state. pai hfte-lcng ; worship the ante- 
 
 burial tablet which is brought back from the 
 grave. ti long ; set the coffin in place, where 
 it lies in stato. leng chng ; the platform, with 
 the dead to be worshipped. sin-leng hii-co ; 
 the gods and spirits lend their aid. l6ng-tong 
 cSi ; very quick of apprehension. leng-khi ; 
 the spirit or energy of a being. sua" chwn 
 
 kai Icng-kh} se° kfii ; what is produced by the 
 indwelling power of the mountains and streams. 
 
 leng 128 A deer like a sheep, hav- 
 645 5 ing small horns which are 
 prized as a medicine. 
 
 leng-iang ; an antelope. leng-Iang kak ; ante- 
 lope's horns. 
 
 leng 80 Besides ; another ; f urther- 
 
 546 2 more ; apart. 
 iSng-gua ; leng-ua"; still, again, besides, in ad- 
 dition to. leng-giia u jieh coi ? How many 
 more are there ? lu kio ua leng-ua" cp kai ; 
 you make another for me. l§ng-gua hwn-lio u 
 me ? Are there others beside ? l^ng boi c§k 
 chph ; bought some beside, i ai° leng-giia lai 
 am? Is he coming again ? mia" leng ku ; 
 my name is written elsewhere, (a phrase at the 
 end of a note). i kui hia"-ti Idng-cong leng 
 ku leng chwn ; the brothers all live separately 
 and take their meals apart. 
 
 'p^ leng 130 Power, ability, skill; apt, 
 Pu 616 6 capable, skillful, competent, 
 chai-leng ; talent. leng-kang ; executive 
 
 ability, u l§ng-ui ; is competent, bo leng-ui ; 
 
 ^ 
 
 incapable, toa l6ng-&i ; mighty. Id leng-tit 
 cie"-se" me ? Can yon do thus ? put leng-tit ; 
 cannot, leng-tit cp ; can do it. bp so put 
 
 leng ; omnipotent. kla"-kia" leng, bo kia" 
 
 ceng ; can do all sorts of things, but can do 
 nothing perfectly ; a jack-at-all- trades and 
 master of none. long nang fo put leng ; can 
 do what others cannot do. put leng cai ; un- 
 knowable, leng sueh, put 16ng heng ; can dis- 
 course about it but cannot act up to it. 
 
 "tin T*^ leng-l6ng Finely carved or cut 
 ^IJl^ •^iJ 544 like grottoes; bright, 
 
 witty, ornate. 
 
 gek sek leng-ldng ; bright like jade. i kai 
 
 sim-heng pi p&fc n&ng keng leng-long ; he is 
 sharper witted than other people. i kai sim 
 leng-lOng long-long ; he is very bright. 
 
 SH l«5ng 212 A dragon, the chief of scaly 
 nw 567 beings, and invested with 
 supernatural powers to change its shape ; used 
 as an emblem of imperial power and awe ; the 
 emperor's person ; imperial ; dragon like ; by 
 Buddhists, used for nagas or snake gods ; in 
 matters relating to betrothals it is often used 
 for a man ; much used by georaancers to em- 
 body those terrestrial and occult influences and 
 positions which act on and determine human 
 prosperity ; figured with dragons ; to pervade ; 
 to bud. 
 
 phe leng-cun ; to paddlo a dragon boat ; long 
 narrow fast boats having a dragon's head at 
 the prow, and moved by many paddles, leng- 
 nau-hie"; Baroos camphor. leng-hie"; leng- 
 
 ien-hie"; ambergris. 15ng ki ; the Chinese 
 
 flag, having a dragon on it. leng kia", ho" po ; 
 a majestic bearing. ni'n khu ti-kp liah leng ? 
 Where did you go to obtain a site whose in- 
 fluences would produce prosperity ? hai leng 
 uang; the sea-dragon king, or the Neptune of 
 the Chinese : he is a naga whose glorious palace 
 is at the bottom of the ocean, north of Mount 
 Mern. 16ng pai ; the imperial tablet reverenced 
 by officers. tin-tang sai kp leng pai ; an im- 
 perial tablet was set up in the centre. leng 
 meh ; the dragon's pulse, the subtle geomantic 
 tokens and influences of a locality. ti-leng ; 
 earth-worms. leng hong loi thiap ; betrothal 
 cards. chim leng, tiam hwt ; search for the 
 dragon and point out his den ; to fix on a lucky 
 spot. ISng to ngia cSi ; the site is a very fine 
 one. h'-hu thio leng mng ; the carp has vaulted 
 over the dragon's gate ; rapid promotion. 
 leng-hui°-bue ; a water-spout, leng-chiu-chau ; 
 a species of bulrush, used for weaving mat- 
 ting, ngo ji'o leng ; the five clawed dragon. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 343 
 
 cheng leng phau ; wear a cloak which has the 
 figure of a dragon embroidered on it. hue-ge 
 kuah CO chi"-leng kai ; the ornamentation is 
 that of a dragon cai'ved in bas-relief. kau- 
 
 leng p\vn tio ti-hng; a mountain dragon 
 despoiled the place, ue cp sang leng chie" p(5 ; 
 draw the figures of two dragons one on either 
 side of a ball which they seem to be struggling 
 for. long thau, hong biie ; the head of a 
 dragon and the tail of a phenix. leng lang ; 
 the scales of a dragon. leng kauh cui ; a 
 dr&gon wallowing in the water. leng-chiu 
 
 ciii ; a steady pouring rain, li kau leng-khang 
 thang h6"-khang ; tear it till the dragon's 
 den trenches upon the tiger's ; rip it in pieces. 
 
 \^S 16ng 15 To insult ; to treat vilely. 
 %^^^ 643 8 16ng-j6k ; to put to shame ; 
 to humble. siu i leng-jok ; was insulted by 
 
 him. mai" leng-ngiak i ; do not maltreat him. 
 si s\ khi-16ng nang ; makes use of his power to 
 humble other people. 
 
 ^^* leng 173 The last drops of a shower. 
 "^Ti 545 5 leng-loh ; stripped of leaves; 
 standing alone ; scattered, as a population, i ci 
 iiu kfii ke leng-loh li'o ; the family is now all 
 scattered, ta" co-ni cu pai kau l^ng-leng loh- 
 loh ? How is it that they are now driven to 
 such straits as to be all scattered apart ? toa" 
 ktii kia° sap-sap lu", sit-cai si leng-teng, ko-kho; 
 has only one miserable little child, and is in- 
 deed solitary and forlorn. 
 
 leng 30 The throat, the gullet. 
 
 568 16 i kai an-leng thia"; she has 
 a sore throat. au-leug dih, thun m loh ; his 
 throat is small and he cannot swallow it. ke" 
 to au-leng ko ; stuck in his throat. 
 
 ^fe^ leng 40 Serenity of mind ; to bring 
 "^p* 637 8 repose to ; rather ; better. 
 tia°.leng ; tranquil. hap ke ua"-16ng ; the 
 
 family are all well. leng-ko ; leng-kho ; the 
 
 rather ; I pi'cfer. cie°-se leng-ko si keng ho ; 
 it is better to die than to do that. leng si 
 m kheng siu jok ; rather die than bear insult, 
 leng khp sin khi u, mo sin khi b6 ; it is better 
 to believe that it exists than that it does not. 
 
 A tumulus over a grave, now 
 applied to the mausolea of 
 
 Igng 170 
 
 643 ~8~ 
 emperors. 
 
 thi''-e hwn-lwn, kiia uang-leng khufc n^ng 
 thau Im khu ; the whole empire is in anarchy, 
 and even the imperial tombs are secretly dag 
 open, phai nang khu cie° uang-leng ; depute 
 persons to guard the imperial tombs. 
 
 I6ng 124 Pendant tail feathers. 
 * 546 5 ti hue-lSng; wear a peacock's 
 feather, as an official badge, lfi,m leng; a 
 
 raven's plume. sa" ngan hue 16ng ; a three 
 eyed feather, worn by high nobles, l^ng kng ; 
 the tube to hold the feather. poih tio i k&i 
 leng ; deprived him of his feather, a mark of 
 official disapprobation. sfe" cek tio 16ng; to 
 
 confer a feather as a reward. 
 
 ^H J6ng 196 A general name for birds of 
 V»^ 545 5 the wagtail and lark families, 
 peh-leng ; the lark, i ki chui cu peh-leng ; he 
 has a lark's mouth ; he is an eloquent speaker, 
 sai thoi" ti-tiang kai peh-leng kie coi ie" sia"; 
 find out by a singing match which lark can 
 sing the best. 
 
 /A. leng 9 
 IT* 544 5 
 
 quick-witted. 
 
 Clever; sprightly. 
 
 leng-lai ; astute, shrewd, 
 
 'l^ Igng 118 Tendrils. 
 ^^ 864 15 kue thiu tio leng toa to 
 chiu teng ; the melon has put forth a tendril 
 and is climbing the tree. tau k^i leng ; the 
 tendrils of the bean-stalk. 
 
 mj| ^^ leng-chi The ignominious slow 
 ft 4 5^^ 64 punishment of quarter- 
 ing a criminal, or cutting him in pieces, 
 toa leng-chi ; cutting in many pieces. soi 
 
 leng-chi ; cutting in a few pieces (the skin of 
 the forehead is first cut and is laid over the 
 eyes). 
 
 S^^ leng-siig A steamer used for 
 3e< 961 steaming or boiling 
 
 rice and cakes; it has wooden sides and a 
 
 splint bottom. 
 
 io" khi leng-sng cu si kue ; lift the steamer 
 
 and there is the cake. 
 
 ^/^^ leng 9 A law, a rule, an order; to 
 ~P 546 3 enjoin upon, to command, to 
 warn ; to oblige to do ; to occasion, to cause ; 
 a period of time, or that which marks it ; in 
 direct address used for you or your, 
 leng cun to me ? Is your father at home ? 
 leng thang jieh khin-kia" ? Is your mother 
 well ? cie°-si u si-leng pe"; has lately had 
 
 ailments such as are common at this season, 
 meng-leng ; an order or command. cun toa 
 
 nang kai meng-leng ; obey the orders of his 
 superior. kun-leng ngiam cSi ; the military 
 orders are very strict. ho-leng siam-ngiam ; 
 the written orders are exceedingly strict, sit- 
 
344 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 cS,i leng iiiing se" klii ; does indeed make one 
 angry. Iciig ci"; a dart with a triangular flag 
 ou it, given to a messenger to express urgency, 
 leng ki; a flag having written orders upon it, 
 hwt ki o leng, ah khii thai ; issue an order on 
 black paper, for hira to be taken to execution, 
 uang leng p^ng ; tlio office from which the 
 orders ai"e issued. IC-ng-c'ia"; your wife. 
 
 i^ 
 
 leng 9 Eloquent; persuasive; insinua- 
 
 087 5 ting. 
 1 io ho khau-leng ; ho is the more ready of 
 Bpeech. hu kai cng kai bo khuu-leng ; that 
 
 one has no gift of utterance. 
 
 "ySC ^^^S li2 -^ tuber or underground 
 
 ■"j^ 545 5 fungus, 
 hok-leng ; tho-hok-leng ; a ppecies of under- 
 ground fungus used in medicine. 
 
 leng 40 Lax, slack, loose, flacid. 
 
 477 12 ko phue khah leng, phah boi 
 hiang ; tlie head of the drum is too slack, and 
 docs not sound when it is struck. pang leng 
 ce, mni" khah kin; relax it a little, do not draw 
 it too tight, soil tiii ang cG, mai" khah leng ; 
 draw the rope rather taut, do not leave it too 
 slack. 
 
 y^ ISng 120 To tie up, with spare rope 
 TJPt^ 553 6 between the knots ; to foi-m 
 a line of things by binding them continuously 
 on a rope. 
 
 be-leng-thiiu ; a halter for a horse. khieh tio 
 fcoh khu leng co c6k e ; take a rope and go and 
 join them thereby, leng cek leng ti"-(i"; slung 
 up a whole string of them, leng u kui peh ki 
 to-ko ; there are several hundreds of them 
 joined by a string. 
 
 *^R l<^ng 75 A sleeper on which a board 
 t^ 606 8 rests, 
 cek ki hiu-leng ; a sleeper under a floor. 
 
 — li — 
 
 li-la Slovenly. 
 
 521 i CO su li-la c^i; she does 
 thinga in a very slovenly way. ham i mai" to 
 li-la ; tell him not to slur the thing over. jii 
 ta" jii li-la ; the more you talk to him about it 
 the more untidy he is. li-li la-la kju nang ; a 
 slovenly lout. 
 
 n 
 
 li 
 
 539 
 
 182 
 7 
 
 Driving, as wind or rain. 
 
 huang li-li, chue tieh ho cSi; 
 there is a strong breeze, pleasant to feel, gueh 
 li kng-kng, huang li, li-li ; bright moonlight, 
 and a steady breeze. 
 
 m.i 
 
 30 An adverbial particle indicat- 
 )18 7 ing certainty, 
 ta" khi lui, ue tng li ; to tell about it will take 
 a long time. ci khi coi ci° li ; this sort is 
 
 costly, ho li hd, kui li kui ; as for the quality 
 it is indeed good, and as for the price it is 
 very dear, phi" li phi", cuah ce bo eng ; as for 
 cheapness, it is cheap, and if it were a little 
 less good it would be good for nothing, ci kai 
 li khah soi, hu kai li khah toa ; this is too 
 small and that too large. la si kio ci kai cia" 
 hd kai li ua cQ ai°; if it be as good a one as 
 this, I want it. lo li hng, to li khiin; the road 
 is long, and my belly is empty. 
 
 ^* }^ ^ place of residence ; a neigh- 
 518 borhood, a village of twenty- 
 five or fifty familie.«; the Chinese mile, reckoned 
 to be 300 paces. 
 
 t&ng hio"-li; fellow villagers. cap li cu sX cek 
 pho ; ten Chinese miles are one Chinese league, 
 (equal to 3|^ English miles), cek If lo ; a mile, 
 li u sa" li ling; it is three miles away, choi" li 
 be ; a courier or post-boy. a kua" keng, a kui 
 si, a li-tie" 5ng ke bi; if you argue with the 
 magistrate you will become poor, if you argue 
 with a demon you will die, and if yon argue 
 with the head of your village you will use up 
 a good deal of rice. 
 
 ffjm li 118 Rites ; ceremonies. 
 ;|!a 620 13 li p6 ; the Board of Rites, li 
 khne ; the district bureau having charge of 
 state ceremonies. li pang ; the provincial 
 
 department of rites. 
 
 li 96 To govern, to manage, to look 
 619 7 after, to regulate, to rectify, to 
 adjust according to principle ; the governing 
 principle ; that which is felt to be right and 
 suitable, and depends not on force ; reason ; 
 right doctrine ; rule of action ; among Chinese 
 philosophers, the principle of organization by 
 which matter is preserved, or the power that 
 inheres in it ; to depend on ; to think of, to 
 regard. 
 
 to-li; tSu-li; right doctrine; correct reason, 
 thwn to-li; to set forth the truth, sueh to-li ; 
 to expound the correct principles of the thing, 
 thi" li; Heaven's reason, a letributive overi'uling 
 Providence. ti li ; the principle of organiza- 
 tion which inheres in terrestrial nature, u thi" 
 li cia" u ti li; since there is an overruling 
 power there is also an underlying principle in 
 nature. sui si chak ii u thien-li liang-sim ; 
 
 although he is a rebel, he has a conscience, 
 tieh thi"-li liang-sim cG ; you must have some 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 345 
 
 conscience in regard to it. lulli If ; reasonable, 
 i u cheng-li' ; lie has reason on his side. b6 
 cheng-li ; unreasonable ; not according to com- 
 mon sense, sia-li kau iap-thiap iap-thiap; put 
 it in complete order. sfl-li ; to set in order ; 
 to regulate. cia"-li ; put in good repair, li su; 
 attend to affairs, regulate matters. li ke su ; 
 attend to domestic concerns. ai° khu li kia° 
 fiU ; is going to attend to an affair requiring ad- 
 justment, lu kio via li ho ; you rectify it for me. 
 seng-li ; trade, u seng-li a bo ? Is trade brisk 
 with you ? seng-li ho me ? Is your business 
 prosperous ? bo mih seng-li ; does not sell oft 
 much. poi°-li kau cheng-cho ; have it all com- 
 pletly adjusted. lio-li; to arrange with care, 
 thio-li ; to cure. ce m oi" cii li m kau cia su ; 
 if I have not leisure, I cannot manage to attend 
 to this. cie" mng, khu kio i li-lun; go to 
 
 his door, and reason with him about it. li'-hue; 
 to manage kindly. mih su to tieh kang-li ; 
 
 in every affair the rights of the case must be 
 regarded. i co su io ciu li ; he is regardful of 
 the right in what he does. khiang su, toh 
 
 cia" li ; talk speciously and distort reasons, 
 bo If a kau vi If ; make the worse appear the 
 better reason. cfa si khiang su toh If kai ue ; 
 this is w^'estiug words in such a way as to per- 
 vert the truth. ta" ue bo cheng bo If ; talk 
 unreasonably. f" li lai luu, i m-ho cie"-se''; 
 putting it on the ground of equity, he is in the 
 wrong. cfa si sim-mih to-lf ; what sort 
 of argument is this. i ra If i ; he will not 
 take it in hand. kwn-li ; to control ; take 
 charge of; govern. si ti-tiang to kwn-li? 
 Who has charge of it ? bun-lf ; the literary 
 style. If kng, m If am ; regard w^hat is evident, 
 not what is behind the scenes. i If m khu ; 
 he cannot manage it. i li m lai ; ho cannot 
 adjust matters. kak naug If kak nang kai 
 su ; let each attend to his own business, 
 mai" li khah hug, lu li lu ka-ki cu h<5 ; do not 
 extend your management of affairs too far, if 
 you keep yourself in order you will do well, 
 cie If lai ta", tieh cie''-se" cia" tieh; speaking 
 simply of how it ought to be, it must be 
 thus in order to be right, i co su to m cio li ; 
 he always acts contrary to reason. If lo m si 
 cie"-se"; that is not the right way to do. i si 
 pang-lf kai ; he acts as assistant in the manage- 
 ment of the affair. cfa tp-lf cii sie° m phiia ; 
 I had not thought out this principle. cie"- 
 se" ta" ia ii If ; there is reason in that also, 
 kakcipceklf; each holds to his own view, 
 cgk If tong, peh If thiet ; one principle extends 
 throughout all principles. tp-lf cu si cek ie ; 
 correct doctrine is always the same. ch§ug-li 
 si sie-kang kai ; pure reason is common to all. 
 
 chSng-li si ii ci" ii si hiae chi k&i ; the better 
 reason is with him who has wealth and power, 
 au-lf; perverse; pig-headed. khiu kua" siu- 
 If ; beseech the magistrate to rectify a wrong. 
 If khut ; in the wrong ; proved to be on tho 
 wrong side the question. i kai If i6 • he has 
 not many arguments to sustain his views, ta" 
 lai cheng-lf trig ; the reasons set forth are 
 numerous. If tit, khi cang ; in a good cause, 
 there is inherent strength, li khut, su khiong ; 
 in a bad cause there is inherent weakness, 
 toa-toa tp-lf ; important principles. ngi li 
 
 chim-au; right principles are profound and 
 subtle, im iang cek If; for what is hidden and 
 what is appai'ent, there is but one rule of action, 
 i kai cu-lf chira, nang-cheng mfieh-li, hfo khu 
 thang; he has a profound understanding of 
 the principles of literature, and thoroughly 
 comprehends both human nature and physics, 
 hfo If ; understand the eternal fitness of things, 
 cang If lai chui-chek ; think it out on the basis 
 of principle. cf kai li khfong rn chut ; this 
 principle cannot be fully expounded. chiii 
 
 cheng, taklf; to reason from first pi'inciples. 
 siin If ; follow the dictates of reason. iigek 
 If ; go contrary to the dictates of reason. 
 m6ng If ; clear up a point in ethics. pue 
 
 If ; disregard the right. ta" lai tieh If ; 
 
 rightly argued. kang-kiQ tp-li ; expound the 
 doctrine. 
 
 If 44 That on which the foot rests; 
 620 12 a leather shoo ; to walk ; to 
 act ; action, conduct. 
 
 lf-16h ; a record of conduct. thia" cie" h'-ldh j 
 to send a record of one's proceedings up to 
 court. chiang If-leh ; one's own verbal state- 
 ment of one's proceedings. ju li pph pia"; as 
 if treading on thin ice. khong If 6i ; strong 
 
 plain shoes for men's wear. peh kui" sua" ju 
 If pe" ti ; climbs a mountain as if walking on 
 level ground. 
 
 If 195 The carp, bream, sucker and 
 iViOI 619 7 similar fish. 
 If hu ; the carp. kim If ; goldfish. kie kha 
 If; suckers. ang kp If; trout. mong If-hfi 
 teng ; an amusing performance with a lantern 
 made to imitate a carp. 
 
 ^p^^ If 75 A prune or gage ; a plum of 
 •^^k 520 3 a red or yellow color ; to get 
 ready for a journey. 
 
 tho If nai ; peaches plums and apricots, ham 
 nang lai ta" heng-li ; call some one to carry the 
 luggage, heng-li soi" siu-sip ho ; first get your 
 baggage ready. 
 
346 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 1{ 145 Tbe lining, the inner face of 
 619 7 a garment, 
 iii" kah sim-mih li ? What lining will you put 
 in ? chiara li chiam bue hd ; have not yet 
 
 finished stitching in the lining. hiu° U ; the 
 lining of a wadded jacket. lia ksli li min ai° 
 CO tilng sek; I want the lining and the outside 
 of the garment to match in color. 
 
 If 70 Forces; troops; a regiment of 
 669 6 500 men ; a visitor, a guest, 
 a sojourner, an immigrant. 
 kun-Ii kui su ; military affairs. hfing-H liang 
 lai ; travellers going and coming ; constant 
 traffic. kak kok kai siang-li lai liang ; mer- 
 chants from every country go and come, i kai 
 kun sit-cS,i hd chcng-co nge-li ; their troops 
 may well bo called sturdy braves, h'-kwn, chi- 
 liang ; a stranger in a strange land. 
 
 li 172 To retire; to disperse; to 
 617 11 dismiss; to go from ; to part ; 
 parted; absent; to cut in two; to arrange or 
 divide off ; scattered ; the 5th of the 8 and 
 the 30th of the Gi diagrams, referring to 
 elegant things and to brightness, 
 li-khui ; to withdraw from, li-piet; to separate 
 from. hum i mai" li-koi" nang kai kut-nek ; 
 tell him not to sow dissension among relatives, 
 liu-li sit-s<5 ; wander from home. li ii jieh 
 
 hiig ? How far off is it ? eai kau nung li sim ; 
 wean people from j-ou. be put li ua", nang 
 
 put li kah; the horses were never out of their 
 saddles, nor the men out of their armor. pek 
 i si'a li-cu ; spur him up to writing a bill of 
 separation. li ke ; leave home. li hie" plet 
 ce"; leave one's native place. li-khui cek 
 
 chieh ; withdraw to a distance of one foot. li 
 hng; far separated. ci kai li I'o kun ; this is 
 not so far away. lia li chu cek jit lo ; I 
 
 am a day's journey from home. sii-bu coi, li 
 m khui sin ; I am very busy and cannot get 
 away. np"-kia" soi, li m khui ; the children 
 
 are small and I cannot be away from them, 
 khek put li khau, khiln put li chiu ; the ballads 
 are never away from his mouth, and boxing 
 never out of his hand ; he is always practising 
 singing and boxing. siang li ku-a li ; several 
 miles apart. li kau cek pho lo kai-pang-bd ; 
 at a distance of about a league away, li bo ko- 
 kia°; hardly any distance away, kiii nang sie 
 thoi teng-tue, jit me" bo li; several persons take 
 turns in attending upon him, and leave him 
 neither day nor night. ci tio lo, li ko-ki'a" cu 
 ceng cek cfing chiu ; at a little distance from 
 this road a tree was planted. put li si to ci 
 
 coi" au ; it can't be far off. li khu ce ; get a 
 
 littJe farther off. m kam li-khui pe-bd ; un- 
 willing to be separated from his parents, ceng 
 nang li-sua" khu ; they all dispersed. thut-li 
 kho-lang; escape from trouble, li u kiii ni kii ; 
 remote from the time by several years. ci kai 
 ti-hng pat li nang ; there is always some one 
 here, pun-li ; to distribute. hun-li ; divide 
 into shares. li ui hue ; the fifth of the eight 
 diagrams belongs to fire. 
 
 11 96 A vitreous, translucent sub- 
 615 11 stance which resembles strass. 
 pp-1! ; glass, po-li khi ; glassware, po-li theng ; 
 glass windows, cek tie" pp-li; a pane of glass, 
 po-li can ; a glass bottle. pp-li ciia"; a glass 
 goblet, pp-li pue ; a glass tumbler, cfa pp-li 
 se" ciii ph^i ; this glass has bubbles in it. cia 
 pp-li ceng cfti ; this glass is very clear. pp-li 
 ciii-cia' oi thang; glass and crystal are trans- 
 parent. P^-IS si nge-se", tia" cuang tieh cii 
 phiia; glass is brittle, and if you hit it whether 
 lightly or heavily, it breaks. iing pp-li hie" 
 thang ; transparent as glass. ngo sek pp-li ; 
 iridescent glass, liu-li; strass. liu-li teng; a 
 stress lamp, pun liu-li ; to blow strass. ngfia 
 pp-li ; make glass. 
 
 li 160 The third term in fractions ; 
 
 516 11 a hundredth; the thousandth 
 part of a tael, nominally equal to a copper mill, 
 or the native coin called by foreigners a casJi; 
 a very little; a gi-ain ; a hair's breadth; an 
 extra tax of one tenth per cent on a quantity 
 of goods or on the property in a place, accord- 
 ing to an assessment. 
 
 thiu li kira ; to levy the tax of one tenth per 
 cent. li kek ; assessors, who collect this tax. 
 bo cek li hd eng ; not a particle of it is service- 
 aisle, bo pua" li u C*ng ; not of the least use. 
 hslu-li to boi cha-chp ; there is not the slightest 
 error in it. siig kau li hau si hut ; reckon to 
 the last farthing. chun bo cek li-kia"; h.ave 
 but the least bit left. i cie° si ciah bo io li ; 
 she eats almost nothing lately. cuah li-li, cu 
 chah tieh m&k; came within a hair's breadth of 
 piercing his eye. hin-khek kai chang to hak, 
 u kui li ci ? In buying farm land now, what 
 percentage of its value is the income from it 
 reckoned at ? 
 
 li 118 A fence or wattle of bamboo; 
 
 617 To a light inclosure. 
 ci gua-khau ui tek li; surround the outside 
 with a bamboo fence, chai li ; a low fence 
 around a vegetable patch. cia li ; a straw or 
 splint wattle around a cane field, hng li ; the 
 garden fence. phah be-kaug-li; make lattice 
 work, ci klu' nang si nang-li; this is an outcast. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 347 
 
 l«l li 1G9 A habitation. 
 ]rj 558 ~T~ mo" i oi k6i-\ia"rDng-li; hope 
 he may iirprove the fortunes of the family. 
 
 li 202 Early. 
 
 515 3 li-meng; early dawn, ll-meng 
 cu cau-khi; got up at the first streak of dawn. 
 
 Wi 
 
 li 130 The side of the body. 
 509 2 phia"-li kut ; the ribs. phah 
 tieh phia"-li ; struck him in the side. khang 
 kau phia"-li teng oi thia"; made my side ache. 
 
 7k)| ^^ 1§ Advantageous ; useful ; gains j 
 ^ J 521 5 profit ; shrewdness ; greedy for 
 gain ; slippery ; to benefit ; to oblige, 
 tit It ; to gain, li-chi ciii ; very profitable, tai 
 kit li-chi ; a very lucky stroke of fortune. i 
 c6k ni siu u jieh coi li-sek ? What income does 
 he get from it annually ? mia" li liang tit ; 
 
 fame and wealth both attained. kin ni kai 
 
 seng-li suu-li c3,i ; business is very prosperous 
 this year. li-ci" ke kiie bp-ci"; the profit is 
 
 greater than the capital. li-hai ; malicious ; 
 
 harmful. li lo heng thong ; everything is 
 
 prosperous. ii sim-mih li-iah ne ? What ad- 
 vantage is there in it ? bo li bo iah ; of no 
 benefit whatever. ciii li ; marine revenue, 
 iam li ; revenue from salt. cie"-si u li a bo ? 
 Have you made anything lately in your bus- 
 iness ? cia mng toa li cni ; this is anything 
 but profitable. m li ; put li ; unprofitable ; 
 unprosperous. ii li ho chii me ? Is there any 
 profit to be made ? 
 
 li 27 Harsh, stern, severe. 
 . , , 522 13 ngiam-li ; awfully stern. li 
 sia"; a harsh voice, li sia", tai toah ; shouted 
 out very loudly to him in a threatening voice. 
 li kiii hai nang ; a discontented ghost injures 
 people. su sek ngiam-li ; words harsh, and 
 
 aspect austere. 
 
 li 19 To animate, to inoite. 
 523 15 mien-li i kliu co ; impel him 
 
 to go and do it, 
 troops. 
 
 ko-li^ kun-.su ; rouse the 
 
 li 198 Elegant, beautiful, ornament- 
 524 8 ed, flou'ery. 
 siu.sip kau iam-iam li-li ; arranged very 
 elegantly, sek-cui iam-li cai ; its color is very 
 fine. i se" lai siu-li cai ; she is very finely 
 
 proportioned. thoi" tieh li siu-siu li-li, c6 su 
 Sim si cho-mang; looks elegant and refiriedj 
 but acts in a very boorish way. 
 
 li 104 Dysentery ; dian'hea. 
 , . . 521 7 li-ci t ; dysentery. si pSh 11 
 a si chiah li ? Are the discharges white or red 
 in color ? hueh li ; ang li ; bloody flux. k\m 
 khau li ; diarrhea with loss of appetite, tng- 
 tng li-cit ; chronic dysentery. 
 
 n 
 
 li 9 To classify; to adjust; to ar- 
 , , 521 6 range ; to compare ; to make a 
 precedent of; laws which are less stringent 
 than statutes; rules, regulations, by-laws, 
 directions; custom, usage; the order or dis- 
 position of things. 
 
 ta" cia" sin khi li kai ; that which comes under 
 the new regulation. ci'a bo ll kai ; there 
 
 is no fixed rule about this. i hio lut-li ; he 
 
 understands the law. cie li phoi" su; adjudi- 
 cate the affair in accordance with the usages, 
 kii cu cia" li ; in the course of time it becomes 
 a usage nearly equivalent to a law. e tng cu 
 seng CO li ; another time it will be used as 
 a precedent. u tia" ll kai ; there is a settled 
 usage in regard to it. hah li ; in accordance 
 with established usage. li kim ngiam cai ; 
 
 the prohibitory rule is very strict, che cek-li; 
 examine the rules. m ho cang ci kai ui li; 
 
 do not make this a precedent. kak chu kak 
 chu kfii li ; each place has its peculiar customs, 
 ni'n k-ai hie" li co-ni ? What is the usage 
 in your village ? lin kai kui-li ho ; our 
 
 practise is an excellent one. bo li mo khi, li ll 
 mp ci; if there is no rule it is not well to 
 make one, if there is a rule it is not well to 
 abolish it. 
 
 li 85 To enter upon, as office. 
 522 7 tang ci kai kua" li jlra Su ti- 
 hng 10 plieng ; .since this magistrate entered 
 upon his office, the country has been more 
 quiet. 
 
 li 60 From first to last ; thoroughly, 
 
 42 2 completely, 
 to kau li-li ; fallen flat. cui khp kau li-li ; 
 
 the water has all ebbed out. ke kiiiit i phiia 
 kau li-li ; the family has been completely ruined 
 by him. sie khu hwn-lio boi li ; it is not yet 
 all burned up. 
 
 li 80 An officer ; magistrates ; a 
 522 3 deputy, or a secretary in au 
 office ; to rule. 
 
 li po, li pang, li khue ; the Board of Civil Office 
 in Peking, and its departments in each province 
 and district, where it superintends the appoint- 
 ment, salaries and movements of officials. i 
 miia" li a bue ? Has he completed his term of 
 
348 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 office ? tfen li ; Lead-writers, ibam kua", xl li ; 
 corrupt officials. ll psing a-piin ; clerk in the 
 department of Civil Office. li pSng c6ng-8u ; 
 the head clerk in the provincial branch of the 
 Board of Civil Office. li kbue kip-su-tong ; 
 a secretary in the district branch of the Board 
 of Civil Office. Ii-p5 sle" cu, ll-p6 c(5 si nng, 
 ]i-p5 in si-nng; the President and the Vice 
 Presidents of the Board of Civil Office. Il-p5 
 wn gua nng ; a deputy official in the Board of 
 Civil Office. U-p5 cii-su ; directors in the 
 
 Board of Civil Office. 
 
 — Hah — 
 
 liah 64 To lay hold of ; to seize ; to 
 610 6 apprehend ; to take, 
 liah tieh me ? Did you get hold of it ? liah m 
 tieh ; cannot lay hold of it. khut ua liah ; was 
 seized by me. liah m cu ; could not keep hold 
 of it after I laid hands on it. kio ko no nftng 
 sie-pang liah ; call two more persons to assist 
 in tbe seizure, cfie kliin kui, liah khu ke, ci5o 
 tSng kai liah khu thili ; those whose offense is 
 slight ai'e arrested and put in the cangae, 
 those whose crimes are great are arrested and 
 beheaded. kui nang liah kha, liah ch^u ; 
 
 several held him by his hands and feet, kai i 
 liah lai cio-c6 ; seize and punish him. liah 
 
 chak ; apprehend thieves. ju liah mua'-lia 
 hie°-se°j like catching an eel. 
 
 liah 64 To rob ; to plunder; to take 
 1"% 547 8 openly and by force, 
 kau chii, to si chau liah ; has seized and con- 
 fiscated everything even to his house. i kai 
 kun-leng ngiam cJli, kun-su hue b6 cek nftng 
 kii" chie -liah; their military discipline U very 
 strict, and not a man among the soldiers dare 
 take things by force. 
 
 — liak — 
 
 liak 102 A resume, a sketch, a gene- 
 547 6 ral outline, a digest; a little; 
 in general ; rather. 
 
 liak-liak ta° ce cu ho ; to give a resume will be 
 sufficient. put kue ta" kCii t5i-liak ; give only 
 a general outline. cho-liak ; somewhat ; in 
 
 general ; slightly; rather, chp-liak pat; under- 
 stand it in some small degree. chd-liak Qe ; 
 draw a slight sketch. liak cai cek no ; know 
 a little about it. iak-liak ; about ; somewhere 
 near that amount, iak-liak u jieh coi ? About 
 how much is there ? iak-liak sa" jit kii ; about 
 three days. iak-liak si cie".so"; it is about 
 that. 
 
 — Ham — 
 
 #f rt ^^^ — '^^ ^^^^ "P ^^ *^^® fingers. 
 jM 634 6 liam khau ; to draw lots. 
 Ham hie"; to set incense sticks. 
 
 ^nf l^m 66 To enshroud ; in medicine, to 
 /(v% ^34 18 neutralize, to repress, 
 jiiah thi"-si kfii si me"-me'' siu li'am bua; in hot 
 weather a corpse must bo quickly enshrouded, 
 tie" ham ; to prepare a corpse for the coffin, 
 jip liam ; to enshroud, bl sng k&i, i kai se" cU 
 Ham; it is in the nature of what is acid to 
 repress heat. la m h(S ciah khah liam ; neither 
 should ono take too mach of what represses 
 heat. 
 
 JA liam 145 To withdraw. The hands 
 tX\ 535 18 into the sleeve, 
 liam jim pui ; I sleeve my hands, and pay my 
 respects ; (a phrase on a lady's card . The 
 bands are put one above the other). 
 
 ^- liam 64 To pinch ; to pinch up or off 
 iU*! 633 8 e tng ra h<5 liam i ; do not 
 pinch him again, i liam kau i o-che° tah-tang; 
 he pinched him till he was black and blue in 
 spots. i khu liam i kfti kih-kau pi thin i sng; 
 when she pinched his cheek it was merely in 
 sport. Ham ko choi Isli cp ; pinch off a piece 
 of dough to make it with, liam in khi ; cannot 
 pinch it up. liam lio kai cng-th&u-ui stii-sl 
 
 cii sio ; the marks made by pinching with the 
 fingers immediately disappeared. 
 
 liam 97 The sections of an orange ; 
 
 652 14 the scales of an onion. 
 ci kai ka° lu thoi" jieh coi liam ; sec how many 
 carpehs this orange has. lu si peh cek liam cek 
 liam td boi ; shaddocks are divided into carpels 
 and thus sold. sng-thau cek liam cek liam 
 
 peh tlo moh ; pick the film off the garlic, scale 
 by scale. 
 
 liam 167 A reaping hook ; a bill hook. 
 
 534 13 liam-tp; a sickle or bill hook, 
 khia liam-tp lai kuah chau ; take a reaping 
 hook and cut the grass, kau-liam ; a pruning 
 hook. kau-liam-chic° ho phua lien-hwn-kah- 
 be ; a hooked spear is useful in breaking the 
 ranks of armored horses chained together. 
 
 fJc liam 202 Viscid, sticky, glutinous, 
 M 634 5 adhesive, 
 ne liam-liam ; very adhesive. mak lio chiu 
 
 liam-liam ; got his hands all stuck up with it. 
 chiu ju kau liam-ni-tha-thi ; daubed his hands 
 with it till they were all stuck up as if with 
 bird lime. thdi° tieh bo ka-liam ; it appears 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 SiO 
 
 to have no adhesive quality. i kai ue la lt\i 
 bo ka bo liam ; what he- saj's has no coherence, 
 bo la" bo ciah kfii sii kliut i ta" kau ka-ka liam- 
 liam ; tilings for which there is not a particle 
 of evidence, are made to appear as facts by his 
 well connected statenierits. ' ciah loh khu bo 
 liam bo siaiu ; ib leaves no taste in the naouth 
 after it is eaten. tfi" kau liani-nt-tha-thi ; 
 
 stated: very coherently. i no nang siang-hp 
 
 kau liani-ni-tha-thi ; the two are inseparable 
 friends. tieh eng sie ciii lai soi cia" boi 
 
 liam ; must wash it with warm water, and then 
 it will not be sticky. ' ' '! ' ' 
 
 liam 118 A ecreen, of cloth, matting 
 534 13 or splints ; curtains, 
 miig liam ; a splint door-screen. p6 liam ; 
 
 a curtain. tek liam ; a bamboo screen, liam 
 kauh khi; the screen is rolled up. liam pang 
 loh lai ; the screen is let down. pang Ham ; 
 let down the screen. kua liam ; a hanging 
 
 screen. t\o liam ; hang up a screen, liam lai; 
 behind the screen ; secluded ; retired, pak tio 
 liam ; remove the screen. ci pak liam cp jieh 
 coi ci" ? How much did the making of this 
 screen cost ? hien liam, jip ltd ; turn aside 
 
 the screen and enter. kie liam ; the curtains 
 of a sedan chair. lai liam kua"; deputies 
 
 appointed by the chancellor to read the essays 
 at an examination, tio liam S,u hue jim ; after 
 the examination they return to their posts, 
 cah-liam ; a partitioning screen. iii-liam ; an 
 enclosing screen. ; 
 
 liam 53 Moderate; economical, frugal; 
 
 534 10 disinterested ; pure, 
 liam-clu ; decency, modesty. u liam-chi kai 
 nang ; a modest person, hu kai nang bp liam-. 
 chi ; that person is brazen. bpliambpchi; 
 indecent, i to m pat liara-chi ; he has no sense 
 of decency. i lo ku liam-chi ; he is regardful 
 of decency, iang liam nguu; an anti-extortion 
 allowance, a legal addition to the salary of 
 officials, ci kai khueh toa"-toa° khau-cu iang- 
 liam tia"-tia°; in this post one depends solely 
 upon the anti-extortion allowance. kua°-hu 
 liam-meug ; magisti'ates that are incorruptible, 
 ci kai kua" cheng-liam cSi ; this magistrate 
 judges equitably. ke-liam, kang so ; costs 
 
 lessened, and work saved, liam-liam ne ; very 
 economical, ke-ci" thp khu liam cS,i ; the price 
 that he asks is very moderate, i oi liam-khiam 
 khak-kho ; he is frugal and persevering. 
 
 ^j^ liam 190 Beard on the upper lip. 
 JS^ 1029 4 i kai chiu m kue liam ; his 
 beard does not cross his upper lip. lu kai chia 
 laa khi lai, oi kvie liam ; if you let your beard 
 
 grow, 3'ou will have a moustache. chiu ce ili 
 kue liam tUoi" tieh ia le"; if the moustache doe^ 
 not extend aoroas tihe lip it naakes'-one loi>k 
 feroicious.   . ; ; ; : i .- ' ' 
 
 n^ liam 130.'; The ahin. 
 /j^R 534 13 kha-liam-kut ; the shin bone, 
 i se" kha-liam chu ; he has sore shins. kueh 
 tieh kha-liam ; abraded the shin. pang-kha- 
 liam J a slpugjiiflg of the shin, 
 
 A lady's dressing case, 
 cng-liam ;a bride's trousseau. 
 
 liam 195. liam hu ; a species of mud- 
 ,(vyi|v 534 13 fish, of a dull green color 
 and with stout jagged spines. liam hu, thau 
 toa-toa bih-bih ; the head pf ike paud-fish is 
 lai'ge and flat. ." , .'". " ,- 
 
 ^^^ liam ,61 To .reflect pn, to ponder over, 
 ilii^ 635 ' 4 to remember and consider, 
 to regard. 
 
 ki"-liam tieh lu ; holds you in kind remem- 
 brance, liam-liam, put buang ; keep in mind, 
 and not forget, jit me" su-liam tieh i ; think 
 of hev day and night. liam tieh i kai un ; 
 
 recall her kindness to me. sai i cph-ing liara- 
 thau ; send him to check the first thought of it. 
 liam-kip ke-hie'"; think fondly of one's native 
 place. lia khfja liam tieh i ; I am anxiously 
 thinking of him. mih su to sio-liam tieh i ; 
 everythingcalls her to mind, i tl sio-llam tieh 
 me PDoes he recollect ils ? 
 
 M 
 
 liam 66 To enshroud. 
 534 13 tie" Ham; a wijiding-sheet. - 
 siu liam ; to wrap in. a winding-sheet. 
 
 ^^^ liam 61 To recite from memory ; to 
 i|*^V 635 4 learn by heart; to chant or 
 drone. 
 
 liam cu ; I'cpeat passages from .books. Id liam 
 lia thia"; you recite it to me. liam keng ; 
 
 chant Buddhist chants, liam hut ; repeat the 
 name of Buddh. liam siku; recite verses, 
 
 liam kua, liam khek ; to drone out songs and 
 ballads, liam sek-sck ; memorize it perfectly, 
 thfik kau pat liam ; read it till you know it 
 well enough to repeat it from memory, ua cek 
 si liam m chut ; I cannot just at this moment 
 repeat it. 
 
 ■tx^ ham 115 An angle, a corner. 
 '1^5^ ^^^ 8 sa" liam pp ; a weapon with 
 a triangular blade ; a three-cornered iron club, 
 ai" CO kui liam kai ? How many angles will 
 you have made in it ? 
 
350 
 
 DICTIOHART OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 — Ifang — 
 
 Mlxang 1 Two ; a pair ; daal ; doubled; 
 526 6 both ; twice ; again, 
 liang chu pg'-pe ie"; the two places are just 
 alike. Hang put biang jip ; the two do not 
 
 coincide. su kai to li'ang kh<5 cu kang ; the 
 affair has come to a standstill between two 
 difficulties; there is a dilemma. Hang p6i" u 
 Ikng khiah a b6 ? Is there a crevice on both 
 sides ? liang pi" kQ m hiiu"; both parties refuse 
 consent, liang p6i" kai nang-mueh coi ; there 
 was a crowd on either side, liang phftng li si 
 sua", tni-tang li si cdi ; on either side was a 
 mountain, and between these was water, liang 
 16 hiap-kong; the two roads run into each 
 other. thwn c6i liang cSu k&i nftng Ifti sim ; 
 summon the two opposing clients to the trial, 
 liang kok hiia-hau ; both nations agree, liang 
 ke i -keng hua-mok; both parties are reconciled. 
 
 liang 9 Clever; skilled. 
 520 8 th<5i' i tien slm-mih kl-liang 
 chut lai ; see what aptness he displays. 
 
 [7F| liang 169 A classifier of wheeled 
 
 PH 520 8 vehicles, 
 chia liang ; carriages. cek liang chia ; a cart 
 or barrow. 
 
 y-i* liang 15 Cool, fresh, refreshing; 
 •iy% 525 8 cooling, as refrigerant 
 medicines; distant, cool towards, 
 liang cui ; cold water. la liang ; enjoy the 
 
 coolness. huang than lai liang-liang ; the 
 
 wind blows cool. ho Su, kfti thi -khi liang- 
 
 liang ; it is cool after the shower. jiiah thi - 
 81 thong sin liang cu bo pe"; in hot weather, if 
 the whole person is cool, there is no ailment, 
 liang cliieh ; summer matting. liang i"; sum- 
 mer chairs. to gua tia° lit liang ; lying for 
 coolness in the outer court, chlu e c6 liang ; 
 sitting nnder a tree enjoying the coolness. 
 thi"-si im-liang; the weather is cloudy and 
 cool. lai ci liang-teng hiah liang ce ; come to 
 this summer-house and rest awhile. cheng- 
 chlu kha siam liang khvin-kia"; take shelter 
 fi'om the heat a little while under a banyan 
 tree. ci kp io liang ; it is cooler here. ci ko 
 ti-hng liang khiiai cSi ; this spot is very cool 
 and comfortable, ci ie° miieh, i kai se" cheng- 
 liang ; this is of a cooling nature, ham i mo 
 ciah liang ; tell her not to eat what is of a cool- 
 ing nature, i tieh cai than liang ; he must use 
 cooling food. i kai to lai liang-liang ; he is 
 indifferent in regard to it. i hwn-lio to liang; 
 he is still unconcerned . i ciah liang ciah 
 
 jftah, theng ciah ; she takes cooling or heating 
 
 food, just as it happens. i kai sin-hGn cangi 
 liang-liang to ka" ciah ; he is robust and can 
 safely take refrigerant food, ci kai si tSi liang 
 ksli mueh-kla°; this is a thing that is very 
 cooling in its effects. ciah lio liang jip kun 
 
 kut ; as soon as I had taken it, I was cool all 
 through me. ciah kau liang jip li ; partook of 
 it till its coolness entered his vitals. Iiang-l6k; 
 phlegmatic, stolid, hfiu-thai chiu liang ; wait 
 for cool autumn weather, mai" lam khah liang; 
 do not gulp down too much cold drink, tham 
 liang ; long for coolness ; sit in a draught when 
 warm, i cp i to liang sio sui ; he takes things 
 very comfortably ; he does not disturb himself 
 about it. pat nang t(5 sio liang, i id kang-kho ; 
 what other people would do easily, he finds 
 great difficulty in. ciah pa, chie liang-lo-khek ; 
 eats all he wants, and then sings merry songs, 
 nang liang-liang lo-lo, i cp-ni hie" iu-cho ? 
 When others are mirthful, why is he so 
 melancholy ? i Ip ciah liang leh ; he is taking 
 cooling medicines. Iph lai tl teng cim liang 
 c6 ; put it down in the well and cool it off. 
 bnah 16h khu liang-liang ; it feels very cool 
 when it is rubbed on ; it cases the pain when 
 it is smeared on. i kdn si khiu su c€k g liang 
 Ip ; begged only for one stroke of the knife, i 
 kai tham 5i che", si liang th&m a iIi si ; the 
 mucous from his throat is greenish, it is the 
 effect of a cold is it not ? chi liang ; uncom- 
 fortably cold. 
 
 liang 166 To take counsel upon ; to 
 520 5 think over ; to deliberate, 
 siang-liang ; to hold counsel, siang-liang thoi" 
 u slm-mih huap me ; talk it over together and 
 see whether thei*e is any way of accomplishing 
 it. 16 da Ifti siang-liang ; come let us reason 
 together. siang-liang m Iph ; cannot reach 
 
 any conclusion, nin siang-liang-lieh ai" cp-nl 
 cu-i ? What do you all think we should decide 
 upon ? 
 
 "Bp liang 138 Good, gentle, considerate, 
 Ji^ 524 1 mild, not vicious ; loyal ; 
 free bom. 
 
 u liang sim ; conscientious, desirous of doing 
 right ; devout, bp liang-sim ; heartless, hard- 
 hearted, ungrateful. liang-sien peh-se"; the 
 loyal people. khi put liang cu sim ; became 
 disloyal to the right. bp ciie kai liang min ; 
 the freeborn people who are guiltless of crime, 
 liang sin, kit jit ; a lucky hour ; now is the 
 time for it. tieh hun-piet liang thai ; must 
 
 discriminate between the good and the vicious, 
 tu pSu, ua° liang ; exterminate the cruel, and 
 tranquilize the gentle. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 351 
 
 liang 119 The tall millet, a species 
 525 7 of sorglinra. 
 kau-liaiig ci'u ; strong spirits made from sor- 
 ghum, kau-liang ko ; sorghum stalks. 
 
 «^^ liang 166 To estimate ; to measure ; 
 j=tf, 526 6 to judge ; a measure, a 
 limit ; capacity, calibi*e. 
 
 bo hSing-lIang; boundless, illimitable, mea- 
 sureless, mih su to tieh u kai hang-liang ; all 
 things must be kept within fixed limits. cfu 
 liang ; capacity to drink wine without going 
 beyond the limits where intoxication super- 
 venes, i chwn m ( u.liang ; he has no self- 
 esteem, cu-liang cSi ; has great self-esteem, 
 m cu m liang ; no conceit of self. liang-to ; 
 capacity. m pi ciig kai bo liang-to ; not like 
 one who is wholly destitute of capacity, nang 
 tieh u liang ; one must keep himself within 
 bounds, u hia liang cfa u hia hok ; one's bliss 
 is according to one's capacity. liang toa, hok 
 toa; where there are great powers, there is 
 great enjoyment, hai-liang; immense capacity, 
 to-liang khuah ; broad-minded, liberal. bo 
 liang ; illiberal. lu liang-tak-thoi" ju ho ? 
 What do you make it, in your estimate of it ? 
 ciak-liang ; to deliberate upon. iak-liang ; 
 thereabouts. iak-liang si cie"-se°; that is 
 about it. 
 
 liang 149 
 
 P§> 527 8 
 
 To accredit ; to believe ; to 
 suppose ; to know certain- 
 ly ; to aid. 
 
 huam su tieh thi'-liaug nang ; iu all things one 
 must be considerate of others. liang-pit si 
 
 cie"-se"; I am pretty certain that is the case, 
 liang i ra ka"; do not think he will dare, 
 liang i co tit lai, cia° ho khut i cp; supposing 
 that he can do it then let him. 
 
 JF*-p. liang 8 Clear, brilliant, transparent, 
 J\U 526 7 illumined, 
 liang se ; lustrous gauze, i kai sek to m liang; 
 its color is not clear, i kai min-sek liang cSi ; 
 her complexion is very clear. sia''-im ta" lai 
 hiang-liang; his voice is very sonorous, ne 
 liang-liang; resonant. thang-thang liano*- 
 
 liang; luminous. 
 
 liang 64 Stmight ; stiff and straight. 
 908 7 ut kau llang-llang-tit ; bend 
 it till you get it perfectly straight. puah loh 
 khu liang-llang-tit ; fell down flat, co kau si- 
 pi° hang-liang-tit, chwn boi chua "sut-kia°; 
 make the four sides perfectly straight and 
 without the least cant either way. 
 
 TlL 539 5 
 
 — Hap — 
 
 A classifier of small round 
 objects like grain, beads, 
 and buttons; a kernel; grains of wheat or rice, 
 bi cek liap tii kam tak-iing ; would not waste 
 a single grain of rice. bo liap ttiu hie" toa ; 
 
 not so large as a pea. ci liap cu cu ngia ; 
 
 this pearl is a fine one. cek liap kiii kai ci°? 
 How many cash apiece are they ? cSk kun Q 
 jieh coi liap ? How many of them does it take 
 to make a pound ? i se" liap thue ; he has a 
 boil. no liap mak kim-kim ; two unwinking 
 eyes. i kai mak, liap toa liap soi ; he has 
 
 one eye larger than the other. min se" hXi 
 
 soi liap soi liap ; her face is very small. ni'n 
 ko ti-tiang ai" cp toa liap ? Who is the big man 
 of your place ? png liap ; cold boiled rice, 
 
 cek liap beh ; a kernel of wheat. 
 
 — lie — 
 
 •j^;f lie 18 To trim off ; to clip. 
 
 17^ 978 9 ai'- pin ti kp lie ? From what 
 
 point shall I shear it off ? khieh khu lie c6i 
 
 ce ; take it and trim it off even. lie pe".pe" 
 
 tng; clip them so as to make them of the same 
 
 length. 
 
 — lieh — 
 
 lieh 126 To endure ; to forbear ; to 
 
 613 3 suffer. 
 liin-Heh ; to bear with. i mih su to si hin-lun 
 lieh-lieh ; she puts up with all sorts of dis- 
 comfort. 
 
 lieh 102 In general ; slightly. 
 
 547 6 i put kue lieh-lieh pat; he 
 knows nothing more than the general outlines 
 of it. lieh-lieh hio l^ng-lp ; compi'ehend it but 
 slightly. 
 
 yjPB lieh 15 Cold, as the north wind. 
 ^ /TW 539 10 cap-it gueh lieh-lieh ; 
 eleventh month is bitter cold. 
 
 the 
 
 3t 
 
 — lien — 
 
 lien 130 Reputation ; honor ; char- 
 
 535 13 acter ; dignity, 
 sai kau i bp lien ; cause him to lose his stand- 
 ing in the respect of others, bp h'en c5i ; very 
 inglorious, tiu lien ; to humiliate, to mortify, 
 to put down, tng min tiu i kai lien ; openly 
 put him to shame, kbut ua toa tiu lien ; was 
 greatly disconcerted by what I said, mai" sie" 
 tieh i kai lien-min ; do not injure his reputation, 
 mp tng min cu sit nang kai lien; it is not well to 
 humble people. i khut nang sit lieu to m-iii ; 
 he does not care who casts discredit upon him. 
 
852 
 
 IxrcTlONAET OF TUE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 SI m ku lien kai nang; is one who cares little 
 for his own dignity. Blt-cSi chwn b6 kii lien- 
 min; has really no regard at all for populanty.. 
 i tieli CO kau lien u sek-eek bo, ciV kheng hiah; 
 he will go on until his fame is tarnished before 
 he will consent to stop. c\e°-8e" via thoi" li b6 
 sira-mih li'en-mln; as I view the case, that will 
 not bring us much esteem. i to hu ko sug s! 
 toa thi-lien kai nfing ; he is reckoned a dis- 
 tinguished man there, hkm i mui" t(5 thi-lion; 
 tell him not to put on stately airs, i khu kau fl 
 elm-mill Ifen-sek ne ? In how great re.spect is 
 he held where he is gone ? cio"-se" cb sit-cfti i 
 kili li'en-cle" kue iTi khu ; indeed, his reputation 
 cannot safely stand that. sfo" lien cC ; confer 
 some little credit upon ; keep in countenance. 
 sle° kai pph Hen khut lia; confer upon me the 
 honor of a visit from yon. i sui-jicn si cio°-se" 
 latieh lau kai lien khut i hd ki" nfing ; although 
 he has done thus, still some credit must be 
 left to him, that he may look people in the face, 
 lia cie"-se" cu siig si lau lien-iuin khut i ; thus 
 I may be reckoned to have allowed hira to 
 maintain some dignity. Ifli khut lia cp Hen ; 
 give me moral support; keep me in counte- 
 nance; assist me in gaining respect, i khu khu 
 khut nftng tng min shu lien ; on arriving he 
 ■was treated with open disrespect. cO hC> nslng 
 chiin lien khut i ; very soon no one will main- 
 tain any show of respect toward hira. sit- 
 cJli mo siu lien ; is indeed discreditable, i cC'k- 
 Be"-narig hau" co b6 lien su ; he has all his life 
 been a party to disreputable transactions, ua 
 thoi" li niu tieh khut i kue lien ce cia" tJeli ; 
 I consider that it would be right for yon to 
 show him some honor. cia phtMig bo s6 ui, 
 put kiie si chie" kai lien tia° ; this is of no 
 great account, it is nothing more than taking 
 advantage of an opportunity to get popularity, 
 su iiang, rli su tin, to si ui kai lien ; to be 
 inferior to some, but not to the mass of people, 
 is to be in good repute, i kai nang hau" lien ; 
 he has great regard for his own glory. 
 
 lien 61 To commiserate ; to have 
 534 12 . charity for ; to sympathize 
 with. 
 
 lia lien-tieh i ; I pity him. sim bI lien-mien i ; 
 has the utmost compassion for hira. tSng pe" 
 siang lien ; those similarly afflicted sympathize 
 with each other, khd-lien tieh i ; have pity on 
 him. nang-ii^ng to lien i; every one is sorry 
 for him. 
 
 ^j^ lien 162 To connect ; to continue ; to 
 ?^^ 632 7 join, to unite; to compromise; 
 contiguous, annexed, reaching to; a succes- 
 
 sion of ; following, attaclied ; even, also, witl(; 
 lien jit 16h ho ; mined continuously for days', 
 kak-lien liui°-lui ; banded outlaws. chu-thaa 
 sie lien ; adjoining houses. mai" lien-lui pat 
 nang; do not involve other people in it. chu- 
 pi" hue khut i lien-lui tieh ; his neighbours 
 were implicated by him. ci-kla° su khang-lien 
 toa-bp-inueh nang ; this affair has compromised 
 many people. lieu-lien cu ce° kai gueh ; fair 
 weather for a month continuously. cck lien 
 kai gfieh bd ho ; no rain for a whole month, 
 lien khue kau teng ; gained his degrees at suc- 
 cessive examinations. lien cih sa° tie" mu ; 
 I'eceived three letters, one after another. lieu 
 cTo' sio, khiam jieh coi ? With the former bills 
 joined on, how ranch is due ? lien mlii ia m 
 soi ; he h&R not washed even his face. i lien 
 pS-lx5 to i7i pat, c6 pat pat nang ; since ho does 
 not know even his parents, how can he know 
 other jxiople. lien hwn, koi-cheh ; a plan that 
 effects two objects. kau-Iien kin to-ko; closely 
 int«rlinked. cang thili sd hli lien cp cCk ; 
 take a chain and connect tbera. 
 
 iXft lion 128 Connected, joined, united ; 
 ]* 533 11 associated ; a term for ten 
 householders acting as a neighborhood ; to 
 combine with ; to make alliance with ; to join 
 in regular order. 
 
 lien cp cek e ; link them together. lien-lok 
 
 cp cek tio ; join thera in one chain, ceng nung 
 lien mla" khu pp i; they all united and went 
 as bail for hira, soi" ni j^p-kah lien-lpk kai 
 
 huap sira hd ; the usage in former years of five 
 or ten households uniting to form a neighbour- 
 hood was excellent. 
 
 ]^5C ^J^" ?2 Stingy, covetous, sordid, par- 
 Fl 542 4 simonious, sparing, close, 
 i kai nang lien cSi ; he is a very clo.se raan. 
 kang.jin li Hen khang, cii-nang li lien ci"; ji-ke 
 kien-lien ; the workmen are sparing of work, 
 and the employer is .«?j)aring of money, both 
 parties being equally unwilling to part with 
 what they might give. lu thara in lien ; avari- 
 cious and parsiraouious. lien-sieh ci" nguii ; 
 very loth to part with raoney. i mill sii to m 
 lien ; he is sparing of nothing. i to bp lien ; 
 he is never niggardly. 
 
 lien 120 To practise; to drill in ; to 
 ri-i.» 536 9 experiment upon. 
 kua"-hA ai* ja kak hie" thvvn-lleu ; the magis- 
 trate is going to issue orders for drill in every 
 village. kak chh to u thwn-lien-kwn ; each 
 
 place has headquarters for its militia, lien-sip 
 kau s§k-sek; learn it perfectly by long con- 
 tinued practise, i kai bii-goi lien kau sek cai; 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 353 
 
 lie lias practised Ins handicraft till very famil- 
 iar with it. chau-llen pia" be; drill troops, 
 ke-hiie lien lai kau kang ; exercised in the use 
 of his weapons till very skillful. chi:i" nung 
 lai lien khun ; invite some one to teach boxing. 
 i kai khiin lien lai kau chim cJli ; he has by 
 practise become deeply versed in the art of 
 boxing. i kai kvvn-lien cai ; he is a practised 
 hand. lien sai sang to ; practise fencing with 
 the double sword. lien khun, lien kaa 6i pue 
 siam cau piah ; to exercise in gymnastics till 
 one can fly over partitions. 
 
 ^^ lien 167 A chain. 
 ^i^ 533 11 kua"-hu liah i khu tiin lien; 
 the magistrate seized him and put him in 
 chains. tang lien ; brass chains. thih lien ; 
 iron chains, used as fetters. i kua tio ngun 
 Sra lien ; she wore a silver necklace, pie lien ; 
 a watch chain. loh lien ; to put in chains or 
 fetters. 
 
 lien 86 To smelt ores ; to refine ; to 
 
 536 9 forge. 
 lien thih ; smelt iron ore. lien ieh ; chemicals 
 used in smelting ores, tang lien seng lio ; the 
 dross is wholly separated. 
 
 Jtill lien 18 To mince ; to hash up j to 
 
 7|CU 910 6 chop very fine. 
 
 cang to lien kau mi^-rai"; chop it very fine 
 
 with a knife. lien cp nek-cie"; chop it into 
 
 mince-meat. 
 
 — liet — 
 
 liet 18 To arrange or state in order ; 
 
 531 4 to place according to rank or 
 rule ; regularly ; seriatim ; a rank, a series, a 
 file, as of soldiers ; a class, as of officials ; each, 
 ieverally. 
 
 khui-liet meng-p§h ; write out the particulars 
 clearly, (as in a bill). liet cp no tin ; range 
 them in two files, liet seng tin si ; drawn out 
 in a line. pai cd cek liet ; place them in a 
 
 row, at regular distances apart, hang-liet coi- 
 cia"; ranged methodically, liang poi pai liet; 
 placed in regular order on either side. liet 
 
 ui ; sirs, all you gentlemen (used in direct 
 address) . 
 
 ^\\ ^^^^ ^ Burning ; ardent ; violent j 
 "j^W 531 6 impetuous ; fierce ; chaste, 
 se" ju liet hue ; a nature like a raging flame. 
 se° liet cai ; very impetuous. liet-nng put ke 
 no hu ; a chaste woman does not marry twice. 
 — lih — 
 lib 140 The peduncle or footstalk of 
 881 9 a flower or fruit ; the per- 
 sistent calyx ; the stem of a melon ; a rootlet. 
 
 n 
 
 hue lih ; the peduncle of a flower. kue sek, 
 lih Iph ; when the melon is ripe the calyx falls 
 off. tiie u lih to-kpa bo? Has it a stem ? sai 
 lih ; the persistent calyx on a persimmon, ka' 
 tieh swn li lih kai ; select oranges that have 
 stems on them. 
 
 lih 145 To split, to crack open ; to 
 
 531 6 slit, to tear, 
 li i lib khut ; tore a slit in it. kue lih cek 
 
 pak ; tore out a strip by catching it on a 
 nail or other projection. tah lih sa" ku ; tore 
 off the hem of her robe by stepping on it. 
 thng lih khu ; tore it by poking at it. tie" 
 
 lih ; split because of internal pressure. lih 
 khui cp no poi"; cracked in two. peh lih ; 
 
 tore by pulling at with the two hands. ci" 
 
 lih; split by a wedge, pek lih ; split by heat- 
 ing, lih cp ku-a kp ; split into several pieces, 
 lih kau chap-chap-chiii; shivered in fragments, 
 tdi lih ; tear by pulling downward upon, khut 
 huang khau lih ; torn by the wind. chie" lih 
 cue phang ; the wall has cracked, jit ce phak 
 cu lih ; if exposed to the sun it will crack, 
 tek lih ; tear by stretching too severely, phiia 
 lih ; riven, fissured, split up. i cheng kaa 
 
 phua-phua lih-lih ; her clothes are in tatters, 
 boi phua boi lih; cannot be fractured, pit lih; 
 cracked; lih-mak ; a fissured eye-lid. chiii 
 lih-lih ; a very wide mouth. chui lih kau hi" 
 pi"; his mouth extends to his ears. siia" cue 
 lih khu, tieh cai p6 ; the seam is ripped, you 
 must sew it up. 
 
 — lira — 
 
 npt Hm 131 Regarding or visiting an 
 P^fl 540 11 inferior; to look down on 
 sympathizingly ; to bless or curse by coming 
 to ; commencing, at the point of, about; during, 
 whilst; time of meeting, and it thus sometimes 
 makes the present participle ; like ; to imitate ; 
 the 19th diagram, meaning great, 
 kang-lira ; to descend, (as a god from the 
 heavens to the earth). khiong-ui si sin-sien 
 lira huam ; perhaps it is an angel come down 
 among men. lim cong hun-hii; when at the 
 point of death gave these commands. lim 
 
 sf, hok se°; when at the point of death was 
 resuscitated. lim khu kai si-hau kia-hu cie"- 
 se" ta°; just as he was departing he entrusted 
 this message to me. lim chai bp ko-tit ; when 
 getting rich, do not become unscrupulous, 
 lu thoi" cia jl si lim sim-mih thiap kai ? "What 
 copy do you think has been followed in these 
 letters ? i si'a ji miii jit lim thiap ; in writing 
 he daily writes more like the copy. lim lang 
 bp ko mien ; when entering upon difficulties 
 
354 
 
 ©ICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW PIALECT. 
 
 ^ 64 
 
 do not inconsidei*ately avoid them, i lira ceng 
 coi, u Iwt-leh ; be Las great experience, Laving 
 been near many diseased people. liun-liu i 
 
 md lim si go su; charge him not to let the 
 business fail of accomplishment through delay 
 at the moment for action, lira-kip, sic" bo koi ; 
 BO near it that I thought there was no help 
 for it. 
 
 ira 75 A forest, a wood, a grovo, a 
 340 4 clump of trees ; a group or 
 company. 
 
 chlu lim ; groves, copses. sua" lira ; wooded 
 glens, tek lira ; a bamboo copse, gu lira ; the 
 imperial guard. hang-lira ; the Imperial 
 
 Academy. tok bftk put seng lim ; a single 
 
 tree does not make a forest. bun-lira ; the 
 literary body. chim lim ; the depths of the 
 forest. 
 
 ^^^ lira 85 Full to the brim ; replete. 
 1m3 ^'^ 11 ^ c^ '♦'' ^^ ^^ ^'^° lira-lim ; 
 when he does dip it up, he dips it full to the 
 very brim. cho kiiu no lira-lira, mug In co-ni 
 khieh ? If you fill it to the very brim, then 
 bow will you manngo to carry it ? in tieh 
 
 luai" cho knu khah lira ? How is it that you 
 know no better than to fill it too full ? 
 
 The eaves. 
 
 lim-ci"; the eaves of a roof. 
 
 ; standing under the eaves. 
 lim-koi-cieh ; the stone underneath the eaves, 
 bordering the open court. lim-cS° kha ; close 
 to the eaves. 
 
 lira 104 A disease of the bladder or 
 
 .5-10 8 ureter, 
 sua lim ; gmvel in the bladder. cieh lim ; 
 
 stone in the bladder, hueh lira ; bloody urine, 
 kp lim ; stringy or ropy urine. peh lim ; 
 
 white deposits in the urine. jle lira ; stran- 
 gury, ngo lim; five sorts of urinary ailraents. 
 
 ^fc=f lim 173 A continuous rain of three 
 ?|y|C 640 8 days. 
 
 chiu thi"-si kui kii ho, kie°-cp chiu-lim ; the 
 long rains of autumn are called the rainy sea- 
 son, kam lim ; a timely rain. 
 
 lira-li The pattering of rain or 
 616 hail. 
 
 toa ho lira-li ; the rain pours steadily down, 
 sia kau lim-lim-li-li ; writing steadily and 
 rapidly, the letters dropping from his pen like 
 falling rain . 
 
 •J/^ lira 64 To pick up or out ; to take 
 
 JItU 665 8 up. 
 
 lim khun-thaa phah nang ; lifted his fist and 
 
 struck some one. lira ki (p cu tok khu ; took 
 his knife and chopped it off. cp-ngwn lira 
 
 tieh chfu ; the sen ior-w rangier of the empire 
 is held ill a close grasp. chi'u teng lira ki 
 
 chie"; took a spear in his hand. 
 
 jfejj lira 82 To hold in the hand; to 
 -p^V C7 8 maintain hold. 
 b6 kp hd lira chiu ; there is no place where one 
 can get a hold on it. lira pit tieh cp-ni lira 
 
 cia" ho ? In holding the pen what is the cor- 
 rect manner of holding it ? lira h<5-hp, mhi" 
 ka-luuh ; hold it carefully and don't drop it. 
 lira kin-kiu ; gmsp it firmly, nfi ciah chiu lira 
 ni bfia; cannot reach around it with both 
 hands. n<3 nang sie lim chiu ; the two gra.<;ped 
 each other's hands. 
 
 — lin - 
 
 M h f W ■*- l'»-''^"g The solitary wasp or 
 Bm\. %^^ 490 pphex, which irapiisons 
 caterpillars in its cell to feed its young, 
 lin-liang ie ; wasp waisted. lin-liang-phang 
 
 ka" be-l<"ng-khia khu khng to khang toi, h'o 
 cang th6 k6 mi", ciu-jit C-c pue t6 hu kui 
 khang khau, hng-hng-kie, chin-chlu" liam ciu 
 c£k Ie", chit jit iiu cu pi" cp lin-liang-phang 
 kiu"; tlie solitar}' waftp carries spidei-s in its 
 mouth and hides them away in its cell, then it 
 takes clay and seals them up tight, and all day 
 it flies repeatedly to the mouth of the cell and 
 buzzes, as if it were reciting incantations, and 
 then after seven days they are tmnsformed 
 into young wasps. 
 
 h'n 159 A wheel ; to wheel. 
 
 635 8 cilia lin ; the wheel of a car- 
 nage, lin chia ; wheeled vehicles ; to wheel a 
 wheeled vehicle. i k&i chia lin si sie" thih ; 
 
 his wagon wheels are tired with iron, lin tieh 
 toa, kia" me" ; the wheels must be large and 
 then it will go faster. lin iTi tin-tSng; the 
 
 wheels will not move. lin ce kue cu boi kia"; 
 when the wheel is blocked it does not move, 
 lin khah siap; there is too much friction at the 
 hub. ci bue toa phau ai" h'n khu ti kp ? Where 
 is this large cannon being wheeled to ? li'u tp- 
 tng ; wheel backward, h'n khui ; wheel it off. 
 chia-liu to tie, lin tieh kang-kho ; the wheels 
 jolt, and it is hai-d wheeling it. 
 
 lin 163 Near, contiguous, connected 
 541 12 with; neighboring; a neigh- 
 borhood ; a group of five families, 
 lin-kuii kai nang long-cong lai ; those living 
 near all came, choi" kim boi chii, bvvn kim boi 
 lin ; a thousand ducats paid for the house, and 
 ten thousand paid in consideration of the neigh- 
 boi-hood. lin kok ; conterminous states, lin 
 
DICTIOXART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT, 
 
 lilu"; adjacent towns, cliu liu ; chu pi"; neigh- 
 bors. pho Hn ; pho pi"; adjoining shops. c6 
 in lin ; neighbors on either side, hua-mok lin- 
 li; a friendly commnnity. 
 
 y^ lin 120 Damask ; thin silk with one 
 Jfi^ 54-i 8 glossy surface. 
 Bi lin ksii a si tng kfii ? Is it of damask or of 
 satin ? ai" pie lin a in ? Are you going to 
 mount it on damask? kunlinkui; trimmed 
 with damask, pang lin ; thick glossy damask. 
 
 lin 128 Parallel sentences or dis- 
 533 11 tiches ; they are written on 
 scrolls, or enclosed in frames, to hang upon 
 walls. 
 
 tio cek till tui-lin ; hang up a pair of matched 
 scrolls. i lui sang lin si"; he came and pre- 
 
 sented scrolls and a fan. 
 
 — lie — 
 
 7 1io 6 To bring to an end ; finished, 
 529 T done ; after a verb it forms past 
 time ; between two verbs is denotes that the 
 first action is completed before the second is 
 begun, or a repetition of the act. 
 sa" CO ho a hue ? ho lio. Is my jacket finished ? 
 Yes, it is done. te-bi vvn h'o ; the tea is all 
 
 used up. chie li'o chie, cong-ku chie ; laughed, 
 and laughed, and kept on laughing. ta" h'o 
 ta", ta" m hiah ; spoke of it again and again 
 and would not stop talking about it. i kai uo 
 ce ta" cu ta" ni li'o ; if she once begins to talk 
 she never stops. ciah h'o phah, phah h'o ciah, 
 to cek ie"; whether you take in a card and then 
 play out one, or whether you play out a card 
 and then take in one, it is all the same in the 
 end. 01 kia" su put leng h'o ; there is no end 
 to this affair, boi tit lio-kak ! There is no end 
 to it ! soi lau-pang lio klm s6i sa"; wash the 
 floor and then go and wash the clothes. i lai 
 h'o, tin cu ai" khu ; when he shall have come, 
 we are then going. lai h'o ! She has come ! 
 
 khu h'o ; he lias gone. th6i"-ki" h'o ; it is 
 
 now in sight. tieh li'o; I have got it. ciah 
 pa h'o ; they have finished their meal. i khu 
 ut h'o ; he has already gone to bed. thi" kng 
 h'o ; it is already dawn. sa" thi" ho h'o, ho 
 
 siu-khi ; when you have finished the garment, 
 put it away. hue ceng h'o, tieh cai ak ciii ; 
 
 when you have planted the shrub, remember 
 and water it. eng h'o ; all used up. eng m 
 li'o ; an inexhaustible supply. cek mak h'o 
 
 . jien ; one may fully understand it at a glance, 
 li'o m tit ; cannot be brought to completion, 
 au-lai sim-mih lio-kek ? What will be the up- 
 shot hereafter ? li'o, sim-mih su ? In the end, 
 what happens ? wn-h'o cek kia" gu ; have 
 
 finished up one job. k\" ki'ie li'o ; have met 
 
 him before. thoi" m ki" h'o ; it is already out 
 of sight, cia hwn Ifo-tit ! This shall not be the 
 last he will hear of it ! i hwn -h'o u ; he still 
 
 has some, ia cu pS h'o ; that is enough ; let be ; 
 stay it now. hai su h'o ! How tiresome ! It is 
 all spoiled ! cuu pak m ki'n khut i laa khu 
 
 lio ; the boat was not tied up tightl}'-, and has 
 floated away. khiia"-uah h'o ; it is now ea.sy 
 
 of completion ; the diffioultios are past. ]A kio 
 via ta" h'o, lia cia" kio lu ta" ; you tell me, and 
 then I will tell you. koi-kia" ce chut h'o fing- 
 khak, cu oi thd ciah ; as soon as a chicken is 
 out of the shell, it seeks a living, phua m lio, 
 m kheng hiah ; kept on breaking things and 
 would not stop. se" u, si boi tit h'o ; have got 
 this child, and now it is a pity it don't die. 
 khi h'o ! That is strange indeed ! sie" h'o sle"; 
 thought and thought again. thai" lio thoi"; 
 
 looked repeatedly. ciah kau lio-lio ; ate it all 
 up. soi-sbi thak cu, h'o-h'o-kie, oi cai ; went to 
 school when very young, and recites glibly, 
 showing great ability. ia" h'o kua°-si, su h'o 
 ci"; gained a lawsuit, and lost money by it. 
 eng lio jieh coi ci"-ngUM, hui h'o jieh coi ceng- 
 sin, cia" oi tit seng ; used up a deal of money 
 and expended a deal of vigor, before it was 
 accomplished. i siu" lio kong ; when he had 
 
 pondered it over, he was confused in his wits, 
 sie" lio si'o ; thouglit about it till he was crazed, 
 ciah lio kui"; got accustomed to eating it. 
 iang-o h'o hai su ; after petting comes trouble, 
 h'o, c6-ni ? After that, what happens ? khut 
 i kiap kau h'o-lio khien ; had his things 
 taken by them till he had nothing whatever 
 left. 
 
 B\)^ h'o 30 A clear note as of a bird at 
 !^ 527 12 night ; the wailing cry of 
 pain. 
 
 lio-liang ; shrill, ue ta" lai h'o-h'o liang-llang ; 
 speaks very shrilly, i sui si soi, kui ku ue ta" 
 chut lai lio-lio-leh-leh ; although he is small he 
 articulates very clearly. 
 
 lio 40 Vacant ; silent ; solitary. 
 
 528 ll sim si lio-lio, b5i jiet ; is very 
 still and drear, with nothing going on. sok- 
 sok lio-lio ; deserted and solitary. 
 
 "jfcjfe lio 64 To search for with the hand 
 J^^ 627 12 in water ; to take hold of and 
 lift up as one's skirts or as clothing from a tub. 
 toa lio-phu, soih pang ie-toa ko ; lift the scarf 
 and tuck it into the girdle. thang toi kai 
 
 h'ang-hun lio-khi pang thang-nie teng la ; take 
 the vermicelli from the bottom of the tub and 
 lay it over the cross-piece, to dry in the air. 
 
356 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 lio khf lai ; got bold of it and pulled it out. 
 lio kau chim-chim Idh khu ; felt around for it 
 to a great depth. ]^n lio, lio b6 ; liowever 
 
 much I feel around in the water for it, I can't 
 get hold of it. i kai ngfin ka-lauh ciii, kliut 
 lia lio kau peh-p6h ; his money fell into the 
 water, and was taken right up from the bottom 
 by me. thaa-chak m ki" khi\, lio tieh si t6 
 
 kng t6i ; her head ornament was missing, and 
 was found in the bottom of the water jar. 
 
 -p^K lio 64 To drag, scoop or grapple up 
 $^ 507 12 from a deep place, 
 lio khi ; to scoop out. i ko nfmg khu lio si ; 
 they hired people to go and dredge for the 
 corpse, cia tieh ko bi-ciii kfti cia° lio tit tieh ; 
 divers must be employed and then it can be 
 brought up. 
 
 lio J 28 To depend on ; to look to for 
 528 ~5~ help or support; to trust to. 
 t6k CO, b6 lio ; solitary, and with none to de- 
 pend on. Bok-m6k, b6 lio ; lonely and with no 
 resources. 
 
 lio 167 Fetters. 
 I> 528 12 kha-lio ; iron chains for the 
 legs of criminals, tieh 6ng kha-lio chfa-khau 
 kA,i i khau kin tia"; must take fetters and 
 manacles and shackle him strongly. 
 
 lio 40 A hut, a hovel, a shanty. 
 
 527 12 chau lio ; a straw hut. cfe" 
 lio ; a watchman's hut. thai-ko lio ; a lazar- 
 house, khut ciah lio ; beggars' hovels. sua" 
 lio; a cabin for woodmen, phang lio; a canvas 
 tent. thiig lio, cia lio ; a shed under which 
 BUgar is made. 
 
 lio ^ A companion ; a colleague ; 
 \y 527 12 an official associate, 
 tang lio; compeers. kua" lio; fellow officers, 
 t&ng lio kua"; officials of the same rank enter- 
 ing office at the same time. 
 
 lio-si The heron, a wader, com- 
 'k'S^ >'sv^ ^^8 ^0° thi*oughout China, 
 peh llo-si ; the white egret heron : it is em- 
 broidered on the court robes of officers of the 
 sixth grade. llo-si pang ; a tall slim pitcher, 
 lio-si kha ; long legged ; spindle-shanked. 
 
 lio 157 To prance, to gallop, to run 
 _ 667 6 fast, 
 i li-kwn lio khu ; he ran off with all his might, 
 li-li Ho, m^° cai ; cantered off at great speed. 
 CI ciah be lio khu I'o me"; this horse gallops 
 faster, tu lio huang ; a breeze that makes the 
 pigs scamper ; a squall. 
 
 ^JI^L lio 68 Materials ; stuff ; provender ; 
 ^l 530 6 to estimate, to judge of, to 
 reckon ; sti'ass, a vitreous substance used for 
 making rings and cups. 
 
 ieh lio; drugs. sek lio; dye-staffs. p6 lio; 
 dried meats. be lio ; provender for horses, 
 
 chau lio ; hay and straw for provender. ciah 
 lio ; breadstuff ; that which is made into food, 
 tiam lio ; the sugar and other ingredients used 
 in making sweetmeats, tu-llo ; paste or prim- 
 ing made of pig's blood. soi' cie" llo-hue, &a 
 c\a" hd chak ; first put on the priming of pig's 
 blood and lime, then it may be lacquered. lio 
 m^eh ; the raw product, the materials that are 
 to be used in manufacturing something, chai 
 lio ; stock on hand, ready to be made up. sam 
 lio ; timber, lumber for building. chfmg lio ; 
 fertilizers, ko lio ph6 ; a shop where one may 
 bay the imitated cloth used for making the 
 garments burned at funerals. si lio kai ; it is 
 made of strass. cfu lio ; cakes and other edi- 
 bles that are generally set forth with wine, 
 clo-llo ; to oversee and direct. lio-li ; to man- 
 age, lilng lio tit tieh; it is hard to say exactly, 
 put chut lia 8(5 lio ; it is no more than I expect- 
 ed, lio m kku kfti sQ ; an unforeseen event, 
 jvvn lio, lio m chut ; however much one thought 
 it over, he would not have thought that out. 
 
 — lioh — 
 
 dT^ lioh 157 Slipshod ; to walk slipshod; 
 jt/^ 722 4 lioh 6i; open heeled slippers. 
 ch5ng 6i lioh ; wear shoes that are down at the 
 heel. chgng sang 6i lioh-Hoh-kie ; go about 
 
 slipshod. thia" tieh si 6i lioh sia" ; heard the 
 sound of some one walking shipshod. lioh cek 
 sang kiah ciu lai ; came shuffling along on a 
 pair of clogs. mai" lioh khah toa lak ; do not 
 make too much noise in walking in your open- 
 heeled shoes. lioh cang kiah ; walk as one 
 
 does when wearing clogs, lioh-a-lioh ; shuffles 
 along. 
 
 -lip- 
 
 /^^ lip 184 To drink. ^ 
 ^/V 1102 4 i ci hue ip lip ci'u ; he is now 
 taking his wine, i lip bo cek ceng cu cui ; one 
 cup intoxicates him. 
 
 K^ lip 131 Close upon ; at the point of. 
 PflJI 540 11 lip hue ; close to the end ; 
 near the tip. khu kau h<i lip-bxie kp ; went to 
 the very end. mai° khieh khah lip biie, khah 
 lip biie cu iii ai° phiu chi'u ; do not take it too 
 near the end, if you do there is danger that it 
 will slip out of your hand, mai" khia khah lip- 
 biie; do not stand too close to the end. i sph 
 kau lip-biie lip-bue; he clambei*ed to the tip top. 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 357 
 
 ^ ^^ lip 117 Poised ; set, established, fix- 
 - */a 538 ed; upright; to I'ear, to found, 
 to institute ; to be settled in principle ; to suc- 
 ceed to or to seat one's self on the throne in 
 place of the legitimate heir ; to appoint ; to 
 agree on ; to settle terms, as when drawing up 
 a contract ; to fix ; reached ; arrived, as the 
 seasons ; to place in order, to arrange ; just 
 now, soon, presently, at the time of. 
 lip ieh ; make a compact. lip khoi ; settle the 
 terras of a contract ; make a deed. lip pho ; 
 open an account, lip tia" tieh lio ; it is wholly 
 settled upon, chang-lip cu-i"; found a college, 
 lip i CO uang ; made him king, kien kong, lip 
 ngiap ; gain a position for one's self ; get fame 
 and wealth, lip au su ; adopt an heir. i"-keng 
 ni toa, seng lip lio ; already grown up and 
 established in life. ko lip, bo nfing pang-co ; 
 stand alone and uncountenanced ; having no 
 backer, i no nang si put liang lip ; they can- 
 not both maintain themselves in position, lip 
 ki° kong-hau ; at once see* the eflScacy. lip 
 
 tia" kha-kun ; he has agreed to stay. lip sim 
 lip i ; has his mind made up ; has a settled 
 purpose, i kni lip sim ho ; his resolve is good, 
 lip-khek cu ai°; want it instantly. 
 
 — lit — 
 lit 64 Stretched at full length. 
 908 7 lit-titlit-tit; stretched stiffly 
 
 at full length, khia pang ko lit-lit tit-tit ; 
 
 standing stiff and upright. khah lit-tit, bo 
 
 mih ke-si ; two straight up and down, with 
 nothing to break the stiffness, ut pang kp lit- 
 lit tit-tit ; lying at full length. 
 
 — liu — 
 
 d^ liu 157 To slip or slide on the feet. 
 ItA^ 844 13 lo li kut, kia" lio liu puah 
 loll khu; the road was slippery, and he slipped 
 and fell when walking, i liu puah Iqh khu tng 
 tieh ie-ciah-kut ; he slipped down and struck 
 upon the end of his spine. liu-puah kau 
 
 cek sin ceng-ceng tho ; slipped and fell down, 
 thereby covering himself all over with mud. 
 ce liu cu tiig co loh khu ; slipped up, and sat 
 down with a thud. kha tah hp-ho boi liu ; 
 
 set your feet down carefully and tlien you will 
 not slip, kha tieh liu ; his foot slipped. 
 
 v/»^ liu 85 Slippery and miry. 
 ■ABC 844 13 liu-liu-kut ; muddy and slip- 
 pery, ho 16h li'o, cek lo liu-liu-kut ; since the 
 rain, the road is very slippery. ti-ki" kp 
 
 kut-liu-Iiu, tieh kia" hp-hp ; the margin of 
 the pool is very slippery, you must step care- 
 fnlly. 
 
 ^rt 111 20 To hook out, as by drawing 
 ^^/ 328 2 a thing diagonally through a 
 small aperture. 
 
 cang chiu loh khu khang t6i kp Ifu chut l&i ; 
 put your hand down into the hole and gather 
 it up and lift it out. chixi li 6ih, hii toi H 
 
 khuah, jvvn li'u, liu m tieh ; the mouth is 
 narrow, and the space below is broad, howso- 
 ever I turn and twist it, I cannot get it out. 
 khieh ki si Iph pang pp-li cun toi kp li'u, cia" liu 
 tit chut ; take a spoon and put it down into 
 the glass bottle, and then you can lift it out. 
 
 liu 75 The willow; slender, arched, 
 549 5 crescent-like, in allusion to 
 the shape of the leaf. 
 
 liu chiu ; willows. hue ung, li'u 16k ; the red 
 of flowers and the green of willows ; gay ; 
 resplendent ; variegated. Hu hieh bai ; arched 
 eye-brows. lang li'u ie ; a slender waist ; lithe, 
 graceful. hue liu ti-hng ; hue koi liu hang ; 
 haunts of gaiety and dissipation. khng-koi i 
 mai" hau" liue-liu ; exhort him not to cherish 
 a fondness for gaiety, tang-liu ; the aspen. 
 
 fij li'u 18 To .scoop out, to gouge out. 
 'J 436 G ci kp cha toi" cJii, ho lai li'u c5 
 cha-khu ; this block of wood is very solid, it 
 will be well to scoop it out and make a mortar 
 of it. i kp kai chu si cang tek phiia lio, li'u tlo 
 mak, lai khara cp chu hia; in making their 
 houses, they take a bamboo, split it, dig out the 
 knots, and lay on the half cylinders thus made, 
 in the place of tiles. li'u tio i kai mak-ciu ; 
 
 gouge out his eyes. liu i kai sim-kua" chut 
 lai ; tear out his vitals. 
 
 JKX5 li'i 1^ -A. small skein, consisting of 
 Tl=l 549 8 a few threads, 
 cek liu jong ; a skein of floss. ci liu siia" jieh 
 coi tio ? How many threads in this skein of 
 silk ? nan kai sua" kau liu, tio-sia" si tia°- 
 
 tiehkai; our thread is in skeins, having an 
 exact number of threads in each. 
 
 "^JmL I'm ^ A whirlpool, a maelstrom. 
 M^4 1056 9 i kai cun sai loh liu khu; 
 their vessel sailed into the whirlpool and went 
 down, liu kai cui si li-li ka-cng loh khu, sp-i° 
 6i tit loh boi tit chut ; the water of the whirl- 
 pool goes round and round and eddies down- 
 ward, therefore there it no getting out of it. 
 
 ^Jl^ liu 85 To slide ; to glide. 
 lP3 550 10 liu piiah loh khu; slipped 
 down, liu-liu kut; glairy. t^ng hu t6ng 
 khut i liu kau ci e loh Ifii ; slid from up there 
 down to this point at one stretch. 
 
358 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 lia 96 lia-li ; a vitreous, strass-like 
 t>48 ^ coraposition, used for cups, 
 bangles and colored glaze. 
 
 lia 70 Strings of pearls, which an- 
 IL 548 9 ciently hung before and behind 
 crowns, their length and number indicating 
 the wearer's rank ; they are now seen only on 
 idols. 
 
 cu-pua" kai cu ai" co jieh coi lia ? Of the beads 
 on the coronet, how many strings do you want 
 put on ? 
 
 liu-ng Brimstone. 
 IL 549 ngoi co liu-ng buah ; trit- 
 urate it and make flour of sulphar of it. 
 
 lia 85 To go from place to place ; to 
 IILf 649 7 abscond ; to transport crimi- 
 nals; roving, vngrant, shifting; a class, a set. 
 liu min ; migratory tribes. chiang lia cui ; 
 
 an overflowing stream, to si hu cOk liu nAng; 
 they are that sort of people, kiu liu ; all sorts 
 of employments, nng liu ; womankind, phoi" 
 co liu cue; sentenced to transportation. liu 
 loh gua hng ; transported to distant lands, 
 hia liu ; the vulgar. si hai kTii h»ie-miieh 
 
 liu-thong ; the goods of all countries are in 
 general circulation. i 1(5 khui liu-kia° tig; 
 
 he keeps a pawn shop where vagabonds may 
 dispose of goods. lun liu ; to take turns at. 
 kui nang cie lun-liu ; several persons spell each 
 other at it. 
 
 n 
 
 liu 75 sieh-liu ; the pomegranate. 
 
 . , 647 10 c6ng cang sieh-liu ; plant a 
 
 pomegranate, sieh-liu khi; pomegranate seeds, 
 ci kai sieh-liu pit kau chie-chiii chie-chui ; 
 this pomegranate has burst, and thus displays 
 a smiling mouth. nftm-o liu I'o hd ; the 
 
 Namoa pomegranates are best. 
 
 lia 102 To hold on ; to detain ; to 
 
 647 6 keep back, 
 i CO su bo liu sim ; he does not fix his mind on 
 what he is doing. i siang liu sim li su ; he 
 manages matters in a very thoughtful way. 
 i chwn m liu-l\vn ke-hie"; he cannot tear him- 
 self away from home. 
 
 liu-lo The braves among banditti ; 
 
 ,.. 651 rebel troops; outlaws; ruffians. 
 
 chiu e u jieh coi liu-lo ? How many braves 
 has he under his command ? chi cek khun lia- 
 lo ; keeps a band of miscreants in his employ. 
 
 l/^ liu 104 A tumor, a wen, an ex- 
 P^ 648 10 crescence or swelling. 
 
 i kai am t6ng se" kai liu ; she has a tumor on 
 her neck, hueh liu ; a vascular tumor. nek 
 liu ; a fleshy tumor, khi liu ; a purient tumor. 
 
 lia 64 To separate the dregs from a 
 
 5G5 9 liquid, 
 ceng mi"-mi", cia° hd liu cap ; pound it to a 
 pomace, then squeeze out the juice, khieh ieh- 
 phph khu liu cap ; take the settlings of the 
 medicine, and go and squeeze out the liquid 
 that remains in them. 
 
 llii 198 Biu-lla; graceful, elegant, as 
 524 8 the step of a stately stag ; 
 fair and beautiful. ci kai a-no"-kia° se" h'li 
 
 Biu-llu cSi ; this child is beaatifully propor- 
 tioned, se" kau siu-sia lia-lla, kio cu-nio 
 k&i h\e"-se"; is very finely moulded, with a 
 feminine delicacy of proportion. 
 
 Hu 16J To gild ; to adorn with gold. 
 
 917 9 liu kim ; wash with gold, 
 si kim kai a si liu kim kai ? Is it solid gold 
 or is it merely washed with gold ? lln kim 
 
 sai-pe ; a goldsmith. 
 
 4^3 lia 64 To strangle, as with a cord. 
 1^ 413 11 liu Bi; to put to death by 
 hanging, kiii lln i kai an ; a demon throttles 
 bim. 
 
 — lo — 
 
 VfW ^^ ®^ ^ ^^^^ preparation ; to pickle. 
 "i^ 556 11 iam-16 ; brine. ci kp iu-nek 
 khieh khu 16 ; take this pork and pickle it. 
 16 nng ; to pickle eggs ; pickled eggs, i kfii 16 
 hd cSi ; the pickle is very nice. lam ( e 16- 
 
 thng loh khu; put on a little of the pickle. 
 16-mi°; a spiced salt meat stew. go 16 ; the 
 
 brine in which a goose has been pickled. ci'a 
 16 khu khah kiam ; this has been kept in the 
 brine till it is too salt. phfik iam 16 ; to eva- 
 porate brine in making salt, tih tio 16 ; drain 
 out the brine from salt. 
 
 7 16 6 Barely done ; just finished. 
 529 1 h<5, 16 ; it is just about done. 
 khiia°-uah 16 ; just reached the easy part of the 
 work. kau 16 ; just about to arrive. i mng 
 khu 16 ; he was barely gone. khah mang 16 ; 
 just too late. tng lai 16 ; just turned to come 
 back. 
 
 16 61 Hate, dislike. 
 ^\iji\ 1063 8 ua siang 16 i ; I dislike him 
 intensely. 16-hun ; aversion. chua nang 16 ; 
 leads to hatred. ci kai su lia 16 cai ; I detest 
 this business, ceng ndng 16 i ; everybody dis- 
 likes him. ci kai si nang so 16 kai ; this is 
 what people hate. 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 359 
 
 16 75 The propelling scull on Chinese 
 557 15 boats, worked on a pivot on 
 
 the taffrail ; to scull. 
 
 to Clin biie teng ie 16 ; on the stern of the boat 
 
 sculling. 16 cun ; to scull a boat. 
 
 16 173 To disclose ; to expose ; to 
 557 13 show through ; to exhibit ; 
 apparent; naked. 
 
 chun thau, 16 niin ; stretched forth his head 
 and showed his face. kau Su i kai sii pai-16 ; 
 his case was afterward ruined by being 
 divulged. 16 chut be kha ; the hoi'se's hoof 
 
 shows ; the thing is divulged. phu kun, 16 
 
 kut ; much emaciated, so as to show the sinews 
 and bones, chiah-sin 16-th6i ; stark naked. 
 
 16 86 A stove, grate, furnace, chafing- 
 655 IG dish or other place for holding 
 a fire. 
 
 hue-16 ; a stove, grate or fire-place, huang-16 ; 
 a portable earthen stove. phuah huang-16 ; 
 
 fau the fire in the earthen stove. p6 huang-16 
 theng ; mend the ventilator of an earthen 
 stove. t6 16-kia"; a small earthen stove used 
 to boil water for tea. hie" -16 ; a censer, siah 
 16 ; pewter vases in which insense sticks are 
 burned. cek 16 hue me"-me°; a stove full of 
 hot coals, ngun ce loh 16 cu ai" sio-sih ; when 
 silver is put in the crucible it loses weight, 
 kua" tio-16 ; carry a swinging censer, as is 
 done in processions. 16-kui"; bellows, khi 
 
 16 ; build a fire. ci" 16-tia"; a furnace for 
 
 burning spirit-money. ji-cua 16 ; a furnace 
 
 for burning manuscripts or printed paper, 
 bue-thoo." 16 ; a furnace in which hard coal is 
 burned, chi'u 16 ; a brazier, carried to keep 
 the hands warm. lwn-16 ; a foot stove, jwn 
 16 ; a chafing-dish, thih 16 ; an iron stove, 
 oh khu khi 16-cau ; it is hai'd to start the fire. 
 
 16 195 The perch. 
 555 16 kua o, juah 16 ; in cold weather 
 there are black fish, in hot weather perch. 
 
 lo 170 Low, vulgar ; ill-looking ; un- 
 514 6 informed ; sordid, 
 ko 16 kua° bun ; alone and ignorant. se° lai 
 cho-16 ; naturally very ugly, phah lio lo kui ; 
 abolish vicious usages. khu tio 16 sip ; do 
 
 away with debasing customs, min-mau" chi'u- 
 lo ; ill-favored. 
 
 lo 164 To pickle ; to steep in brine 
 1083 8 or vinegar. 
 15 iam ; lay down in salt. cang si-iu sio- 
 
 ciu lai 16 ; pickle it in soy and spirits 
 from Shau-hing-fu in Cheh-kiang. 16 co 
 
 kiam hu ; pickle them and make salt fish of 
 them. ni'n kim ni 16 jieh coi ang chai ? How 
 many jars of cabbage have you pickled this 
 year? 
 
 jaa ^1^ lo-thun A quail. 
 
 ^>^ 'fi/^ G21 phah lo-thun; a quail 
 
 fight. si-heng kS lo-thun ; quail-fighting is 
 
 fashionable. 
 
 JM^ lo 167 A path, a road, a way where 
 ■i*^ 557 6 people go ; a way of action ; 
 an opportunity ; a space ; a journey ; the course 
 pursued. 
 
 hu ko si sa"-pun lo-thau ; that is a point where 
 three roads join. cham-che lo-thau ; c^p-jl 
 
 lo-thaa ; cross-roads. 16 m thong kia"; no 
 
 thoroughfare, kua" lo ; the king's highway ; 
 an official route, sai-khia lo ; by-paths, private 
 roads, ciii lo ; water communications, si kia" 
 ciii lo a si kia" lek lo ? Did he go by water or 
 by land ? hang kai lo ; lanes, tdng kai nang 
 lai mng lo ; wait till some one comes along, 
 and then inquire the way. kong-ceng lo ; a 
 
 public road. toa kua"-lo ; great highways, 
 
 pe" to lo khau ; blocked in at the end of the 
 street. sak lo ; block up the way. lo teng 
 ktii nang sak kau kut-kut, bo lo ho kue ; the 
 road is closely blocked by the number of 
 people in it, and there is no space for one to 
 get though, cia si put kue cieh lo keng kue ; 
 this is nothing more than seeking room to 
 pass, ci tio lo-tau io h(5 ; this is a better way. 
 lo kut-kiit; the road is slippery. lo ta a hue ? 
 Is the road dry yet ? lo wn-khek ; the road is 
 croaked. lo khek lai khek khu ; the road 
 
 winds hither and thither. ngo tieh, cii wn lo 
 cau ; if he meets him he turns off into another 
 path and gets away from him. be lo ; a race- 
 course ; a road for horses, chia lo ; a carriage 
 road. cun lo ; passage for boats, sua" lo ; a 
 mountain road. pe"-pe" lo ; a level road, lo 
 khi-khu ; the road is rough. bo mng lo ; 
 
 nothing to do ; out of work ; lacking oppor- 
 tunity for action or advancement. boi lo ci"; 
 spirit-money scattered along the road by which 
 a corpse is carried. cah lo ; to barricade a 
 
 road. c6ih lo chie"-kiap ; to waylay and rob. 
 cob tng lo-thau ; intercept on the way ; cut o£E 
 their passage. kau chu cii chiia kai l6-thS,a 
 po; took a wife from the women of the country 
 where he was sojourning, in lo ; chua 16 ; kang 
 lo ; to guide. khui lo ; to open a new road, 
 thun lo ; mend holes in the road. phah tio 
 
 hue lo ; make a chunam walk. kia" hue lo ; 
 walk the fiery road, as do demoniacs. kap- 
 pang-ciin kai sph-lo coi; there is much rigging 
 on a ship. kia" kau piia" lo ; went half way. 
 
360 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE BWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 kia" t5 lo tm-tang ; walk in the middle of the 
 road, lo pi"; lo ph^ng ; lo ki"; the roadside, 
 lo thau, lo bue ; the ends of a path. koi lo ; 
 streets. i c\e"-si b6 lo cii ; he is greatly 
 
 hedged in of late. i ka,i lo-rang khuah ; he 
 has fine openings before him. ti tio lo-mng 
 
 i to 6i tit kku ; ho has plenty of opportunities 
 for making a living, se" lo ; uah 16 ; ways of 
 earning a living, si 16; a course that leads to 
 death. i si to chue si 16 ; he willfully incurs 
 danger. kau jlo kuu khxit-thfiu-lo, i cQ tii" 
 
 bue-tng Isii kS. ; a dog driven to bay will turn 
 around and attack his pursuer, chuah lo cau; 
 escaped by a side path ; turned off the road 
 and ran away. ci-k6 tiii sfo-lo khu h6 kQu 
 
 c6k plib lo ; by taking the by-path from hero 
 the journey is shortened by a league. i ii 
 
 film-mih tiu-lo cp a bo ? ft si b6 ua chue kla" 
 BU-lo i CO ? Has he any opportunity now for 
 earning anything? If not I will find some- 
 thing for him to do. lia cai i kai kang- 
 liu chfu-lo h(5 ; I know that what ho does 
 is well done. kiie lo kfii nang ; passers 
 by. lia ai" kiia" lo, kiia" kau kau ; I wish to 
 hasten on till I reach my destination. kia" 
 kQn lo; go by the nearest route. kla" phien 
 lo ; go by an indirect route. kia" chuah l5 ; 
 go by a short cut. cia° lo ; the right way. tit- 
 lo ; the direct route. l5 phia"; the bank beside 
 the road, toa lo kha ; near the highway, kau 
 lo ; the sewer, hai lo ; routes at sea. khoi lo; 
 river communication. ho-lo ; water-courses, 
 siam l5 khut i kue ; draw back off the road 
 and let them pass. i kai seng-li lo sSk ; he is 
 accustomed to his business. b\o lo coi cSi ; he 
 has numerous accounts. lo tio cho-siap ; it 
 is hard travelling. l5 oih ; a narrow way. lo 
 khuah ; a wide passage. 16 cAp ; an intricate 
 passage. kia" ta" lo ; took the wrong road. 
 16 che"; a strange road. l6 sek ; a familiar 
 path. mi"-sit l6-thu ; lost his way. ku lo ; 
 the old road. sin lo ; a new road. oih 16 
 siang hdng ; met each other in a narrow 
 passage. kia" 16 ciu kuu, boi mueh ciu 
 phi"; in travelling one takes tho nearest road, 
 in purchasing articles one takes the cheapest, 
 cie" thi" bo l6, jip ti b6 rang ; would have 
 mounted into the heavens had there been a 
 road or would have sunk into the earth had 
 there been a door. thi°-tng vi l6, lu m khu 
 ti-gek bp mug, lu cin hli ; though there were 
 a road to heaven you would not travel it, and 
 though hell had no door you would draw near 
 to it. tp-l6 coih lai ho ; it is well sliced, nua 
 16 ; close the passage. io lo ; an important 
 route. ci" l6 ; the circulation of money. lo 
 plieng ; the road is safe. ah lo ; to convoy on 
 
 the way. cie" lo ; guard the passage, siu kie, 
 cp lo ; repair bridges and make roads, sua" 16, 
 tho 16, cieh l6 ; a road which is sandy, clayey 
 or stony. 16 se" chi ; the path is thorny, khui 
 mang lo ; to open the dark road, to cheer the 
 spirit of the departed as it starts on its way to 
 another world. thoi" chak l6 ; look into the 
 way by which the thief entered. m h<5 kia" 
 
 kut lo ; do not go in slippery paths. hok l6 ; 
 lie in ambush by the way. kia" hiig 16 ; take 
 a long journey, l6-ke°; the path, thau cau lo ; 
 take flight, sun 16 ; patrol the streets, sun 16, 
 m siSn lo ; on or off the route. 16 tp-ka ; took 
 an indirect route, i m ciu l6; he did not follow 
 the road. kua"-cia° 16 ; the correct way. i 
 kai li-l6 tng; he has many reasons to set forth, 
 i k&i hue-l6 hd ; his appliances for heating and 
 lighting are in good order. ke-hiie l6 clii-pl ; 
 the tools are all ready, thdi" i kfl,i pit l6 cp-ni 
 kia"; see in what way he moves his pen. kiii 
 cfie 16, tl cue 16 p6" ? Of these several roads, 
 which is most level ? ci tio l6 lin ; this is a 
 
 safe way. miii" kLi" hiam 16 ; do not walk in 
 dangerous paths. ci tio 16 hiam-ai ; this is a 
 perilous path. l6 kla-kia ; the road is very 
 
 steep. 16 php-lp-sia ; the road is a descent, 
 
 nan tftng lo ; we are going the same way. lo 
 pun a ; tho road divided. kku hfi kp pun 16 ; 
 at that point the roads diverge. 8ua"-l6 Hah 
 tit-tit ; make your seam perfectly straight, 
 cek 16 kft jieh coi ci" ? How much do you get 
 for sawing ono cut lengthwise ? 
 
 16 173 The dew ; mist that forms in 
 557 W drops of rain ; to bedew. 
 l6-ciii ; dew. cek tiam l6 ; a dew drop, hue 
 16 ; fluid perfumes. bun-kui l6 ; rose-water, 
 me" jit tang l6 ; hot sun makes heavy dew. 
 ki" tieh l6 ciii ; get tiie dew on it. khieh khu 
 l6 lo-ciii ; take it and put it where the dew will 
 fall on it. cek sin khut i l6 kau lok-lok ; 
 
 drenched with dew. l6 cek Hap cek liap chiu- 
 chie" cu ; dew in drops like pearls. 
 
 — loi — 
 
 Tfi^ Idi 113 A step or act, particularly 
 /|ls 5-0 13 acts of worship, which will 
 bring happiness; propriety, etiquette, ceremony, 
 rites ; the decent and decorous in worship 
 and in social life ; decorum, manners ; official 
 obeisance, worship, courtesy; offerings, gifts 
 required by usage, vails, 
 
 loi huap ; loi sio ; etiquette, the rules of good 
 society ; politeness ; ceremonies ; courtesies, 
 loi mSu"; good mannei-s. loi ngi ; a gift which 
 custom requires one to offer. eng sim-mueh 
 lai h6k i kai loi ? What would be a suitable 
 
DICTIOXAKY OF THE SW.VTOW DIALECT. 
 
 3G1 
 
 return for his courtesy ? poi" loi mfteli ; 
 
 prepare the customary offerings. kui loh khu 
 hoi" loi ; kneel in respectful homage. loi Ip, 
 nuiig put kiiai ; no one is offended by much 
 politeness. ke bo sie" loi ; in domestic life 
 
 one is not formal. kio i ki" loi ; salute him 
 on meeting him. sang loi ; make a present, 
 sla loi ; gifts returned for gifts received. hA,h 
 loi; polite; in accordance with the rules of 
 etiquette. min Gng kia" toa loi ; need not bo 
 obsequious, he toa loi ; make a vow to bring 
 the largest of the customary offerings, bo loi ; 
 rude, uncivil. loi-pai-jtt ; Sunday. loi-pai- 
 tng ; a chapel or church. loi-pni hiah ; at the 
 close of the service. chit jit cek kai loi-pai ; 
 Sunday comes once in seven days. loi gauh ; 
 a salute given with musical instruments, tieh 
 kia" sim-mih loi ? What rites must be obser- 
 ved ? poh loi ; scant courtesy. 
 
 ^X 
 
 loi 67 To assault ; to fight with ; to 
 
 461 3 set upon, 
 toa nting khu loi i kai tin ; lead men to the 
 attack on their ranks. loi-phiia i kai ia"; 
 
 storm their camp. loi kau i chap-chap-chui ; 
 made an onslaught upon and dispersed them, 
 loi tit jip a loi m jip ? Did they capture the 
 place they assailed or not ? 
 
 IJ loi 93 A plow ; to plow. 
 
 515 7 loi-thau ; a plow. loi-thtiu- 
 
 se"; the plowshare. au cek ki loi ; carry a 
 
 plow on the slioulder. loi chang ; to plow a 
 
 field. loi pe"; plow-handle. to loi, ai" hua" 
 hu kai pe"; in plowing, will lean on the handle, 
 loi pe ; plows and harrows. 
 
 :^^>^ loi 202 A black or dark brown color. 
 ^^^ 615 8 loi bo ; loi jin ; the aborigines 
 in Hainan Island. die" loi, sek loi ; the wild, 
 and the half civilized tribes of aborigines in 
 Hainan. 
 
 ^^ loi 171 The square plain stylo of 
 ^^gV 524 8 wa-iting Chinese characters, 
 ciu clip loi twn, si ie" ji ; four styles of Chinese 
 letters, that generally used in printing, the 
 running hand used for rapid writing, the plain 
 square text, and the seal characters. 
 
 ' Si^ loi }^ ^ skimmer used by cooks. 
 fj^ 517 11 cau-loi ; an openwork ladle, 
 made of osiers, wire, or bamboo. png loi ; a 
 skimmer used to take rice from the pot. cang 
 piig loi te ta ; take the rice skimmer and drain 
 it dry. thih loi ; an iron skimmer. khu cwn 
 CO kai loi I'o toa kai kai ; go and have a rather 
 large skimmer made to order. 
 
 — loih — 
 
 loih 118 A rain hat. 
 
 538 5 cek teng loih ; a splint hat. 
 mua" cang-sui, ti kue-loih; wear a rain-cloak, 
 and a leaf hat. hai loih ; a boatman's hat. 
 
 tek loili; a hat made of bamboo, toa kCio 16ih, 
 kue loih kia"; large and small hats made of 
 palm leaves. hue-sie" loih ; broad brimmed 
 straw hats, worn by Buddhist priests. ciara 
 teng kuo loih ; an umbrella hat with a very 
 pointed top. u ceng kip loih ; hate a priest 
 even to his hat. 
 
 — lok — 
 
 lok 64 To rattle; to shako up and 
 /^ 562 11 down, 
 lok tieh oi hiang; if you shake it up and down, 
 it rattles. jlra lok, lok iIi chut ; though I 
 
 shake it up and down, it does not rattle out. 
 lu lok thoi" hu toi ii te-hieh a bp ; you shake it 
 and see if there is any dry tea in it. no ciah 
 chiu php lai lok ; clasp it in both hands and 
 shake it up and down. 
 
 -g^ lok 112 To moil, to toil, to drudge. 
 ^vjv 563 8 i ci kiii ni pin-pp luu-lok ; 
 he has toiled fruitlessly the.se many years. i 
 cek se° sim si lau-lok ; he has been a very 
 hai'd worker all his life. cu-lai to si lau-lau- 
 lok-lok, bp thang khua"-{iah ; has heretofore 
 been constantly drudging, with no opportunity 
 for comfort. 
 
 lok 198 The declivity or base of a 
 663 8 hill; a copse among hills, 
 sua" kok-lok toi ; in the glens of the mountains. 
 
 lok-khok Careless and heljiless. 
 107 ce ciah iSu cu lok- 
 
 khok ; when one becomes old, one becomes 
 inefficient. cp khu lok-lok khok-khok ; done 
 in a very inefficient way. 
 
 lok 86 Very ; exceeding ; in the ex- 
 
 503 17 treme. 
 noi" kau lok-lok ; ulcerated .so as to form a 
 running sore, phah kau lok-lok ; beaten to a 
 jelly. pu kau lok-lok; boiled to a pulp. ci 
 no png cu thak kau lok-lok ; study these two 
 books till you have them at your tongue's end. 
 
 16k 167 To copy, to transcribe ; to 
 664 8 record, to make a note of; 
 a summary of doctrine ; annals ; lectures ; a 
 series ; an index. 
 
 chau-lok ; to copy off. 16k cp cek png ; trans- 
 cribe into one volume. mak-lok ; an index, 
 thoi" i kai mak-lok cu cai ; look in the index 
 and you will find it. ti-tiang to 16k keng ? 
 
362 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 Wbo is taking down the testimony ? 16k chut 
 lai ; to jot down ; to write out. chd-lok fi jieh 
 coi mia" ? How many are selected as worthy 
 of a degree ? ki 16k ; recorded. ki-16k cek 
 chu ; once on record, chi-lok ; list of success- 
 ful candidates for the degree of M. A. ju 
 to cau chi-lok; like vending the list of success- 
 ful candidates at the triennial examination, 
 lia ii cek pang miia" hung nila"-chin 16k ; I 
 have a set of biographical sketches of eminent 
 statesmen, both Tartar and Chinese. 
 
 >^At 16k 120 Joined ; continuous ; to join 
 ?PO 663 C on; netted or slang together; 
 blood vessels which diverge from the great 
 veins or artex'ies. 
 
 lien-lok cp cek e ; couple them together, lien- 
 lien 16k-l6k, b6 kbi" Ing; joined in one continu- 
 ous line, with no break, cia si jip sira-pau-16k 
 ktii ieh; this medicine enters the iMJi-icardium. 
 sin tong kfii raeh-16k ; the blood vessels of the 
 body, pc" si to ti c6k keng-16k ? In what part 
 of the vascular system does the disease lie ? 
 
 16k 118 Salary, pay; ofTicial emolu- 
 
 663 8 xnents ; an income ; happi- 
 ness conferred by the emperor. 
 
 ciah ehlo-thcng kui hong-l6k, clu lieh lia-sim 
 h' chio-thcng kai su; those who live on pay 
 from the government, must attend in a pains- 
 taking way to governmental affairs, bp kong, 
 cp ka" ciah 16k ? How can one who renders 
 no service to the state, presume to receive a 
 salai'y from the government ? 16k khah pph \ 
 the salaiy is insufficient. tin-tang eui u kp 
 
 I6k-iii-pai ; set up an imperial tablet in the 
 midst. kuang-l6k-ji ; the Banqueting Office, 
 cek so" nftng ii ciah 16k ; has enough to live on 
 all his days, hok, 16k, slu, chwn ; happiness, 
 official honors, longevity, all complete. i-16k 
 khp-i° chong-cok ; has about enough to clothe 
 and feed himself comfortably. 
 
 1^^ 16k 170 I6k-s6k ; one just after the 
 I^K. 662 8 other ; in rapid succession ; 
 successively. i si 16k-s6k lai, a si cp cek hde 
 lai ? Did they come successively or simultane- 
 ously ? 16k-16k s6k-s6k lai u hph coi ; one 
 after another, a groat number ari-ived. 
 
 16k 118 A chart ; a note, as of events 
 
 664 16 or receipts. 
 hu-16k ; a talisman on wood ; a magic writing. 
 t6i mia" 16k; list of successful candidates at an 
 examination. hong sia" to h^ kp liu tieh to- 
 16k ; it is rumored that a magic map of the 
 country has been exhumed there. i kai mia" 
 hah tieh to-lok ; his name accords with the one 
 given in the prophetic or sibyline chart. 
 
 16k 62 To kill in war ; to slaughter; 
 ^!^\ 664 ii to massacre ; to mangle and 
 insult ; to put to death. 
 
 i kai suah-l6k tftng cSi ; the slaughter was very 
 great. i Jlu-lai ti-kau chwn ke tu-l6k ; this 
 will hereafter lead to the extermination of the 
 whole family. si llu hvvn-lio ]iun nang lia 
 
 chut lai 16k si ; after he was dead and buried 
 his body was dug up and mangled by people, 
 snah-lok kong-chin kai su, t5a piia" ia si sx so 
 sai jien ; the massacre of the nobles was for 
 the most part made necessary by the circum- 
 stances. 
 
 IJi 16k 19 United strength. 
 
 VJ 664 11 16k Ittk ; to join forces ; to 
 combine effort ; to unite strength. ji ke tieh 
 lAi 16k lak t&ng sim ; the two must be of one 
 mind, and act in unison. Ia si kheng 16k-luk 
 t&ng sim na pha" su iIi seng ; if willing to act 
 in concert there is no fear that the thing will 
 not be accomplished. 
 
 16k 112 To drudge. 
 
 663 8 I6k-I6k, bpkhi; drudge with- 
 out cessation. i si iong-iong 16k-16k kai 
 
 nAng ; she is a drndge. 
 
 — long — 
 ^/b^ long 167 A round hollow bell, like 
 ^P 645 6 a sleigh bell, hung on 
 horses or flags to announce approach, 
 h&m-long ; a spherical bell. kau Sm teng 
 
 kiia kai hilm-long; there was a bell on the 
 dog's neck. i kai bp-eng tue no liap ham- 
 
 long; two little round bells were attached to 
 his cap. long-long-kie si be lai a i7i si ? That 
 .jangling sound is made by a horse coming, is 
 it not ? 
 
 long 65 To become expert by practise; 
 
 669 4 exercised in. 
 tang i khu long; wait till he acquires a know- 
 ledge of it by practise. i long kiii" kai j 
 what he has become familiar with by long 
 practise. 
 
 nXf^ long 80 To open the month wide. 
 H/l 1101 4 i kai chili khuah-long khuah- 
 16ng ; he has a very big mouth. 
 
 4^S long 64 To assemble or collect; to 
 4^m 568 16 bring near; to draw close to; 
 to exert one's self. 
 
 long-cong lai lio ; all have come. gOa khau 
 
 la-16ng tit lai ; can scratch around and gather 
 up some outside, long-long cong-cong ti jieh 
 coi ? How many are there altogether ? 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 363 
 
 long 55 To spoil, to put out of order. 
 
 669 4 cu s! i t(5 cp long kiii; it is he 
 who does the mischief. se" seng, u 16ug-kui ; 
 when completed it was spoiled. tang song cii 
 khut i long kau m seng ; ifc was nearly finished 
 and he meddled with it in such a way as to 
 retard its completion. ia si mai" khut i long 
 hai khu, kau ta" cii cia"; if ho had not meddled 
 with and spoiled it, it would now be finished. 
 
 ^ long 31 Globular ; spherical ; a mass* 
 ^1 938 11 kai inueh long-16ng-i"; a glob- 
 ular object. cp kau cng kai 16ng-16ng-i"; make 
 it a perfect sphere. i i''-16ng-16ng, sui-si cie" 
 tang, ce leng cii kia"; it is spherical, and although 
 it is so heavy it will move on if it is pushed. 
 
 Vra. long 85 Thick, as liquids ; heavy, 
 iJS^ 642 13 as dew; strong, as a decoc- 
 tion ; lowering, as clouds ; terse, as style ; rich, 
 seasoned, spiced ; thoroughly imbued with, 
 thng-ciii khah long ; the molasses is too thick, 
 thau kau long-long ; thicken it very thick, 
 u khi long, u khi cheng, sie kah-chah io hd ; 
 some are too rich, and some have no seasoning 
 at all ; mix them together and they will be 
 better, i kai khi-bi loug-kau ; its flavor is very 
 strong. ka long-long cu luh Iph khu; mix it 
 very strong, and sup it down. hu kai li thit- 
 thp kau long; that one has amused himself till 
 he wants to do nothing else, i li puah kau long; 
 he has gambled till he will do nothing beside, 
 in no nang kai cheng long cai ; the two are 
 very hearty in their kindness to each other, 
 thi" thoi" tieh long-long, m lio-liang ; the hea- 
 vens are thick with mist, and not blue, ci ie" 
 gek khah long ; this color is too intense. bak 
 ce bua khah long cu sia m kliui ; if you rub up 
 your ink too thick you cannot write with it. 
 i 6i si'a 16ng bak ; he can write with thick ink. 
 long ciu ; strong wines. 
 
 ^■^ long 118 To insnare ; to inveigle ; to 
 568 "16 entrap, 
 i to gua khau 16ng-16k lai kai ; what he in- 
 veigled in from outside. lp-16ng kui cap nang 
 to sin-pi°; has taken in and controls several 
 persons whom he keeps beside him. 
 
 long 161 To cultivate the ground ; 
 
 642 6 agriculture. 
 16ng-hu ; 16ng-ke ; husbandmen. su 16ng 
 
 kong siang ; scholars, farmers, artisans and 
 merchants, sin-long ; the god of Agriculture. 
 
 U^ 16ng 170 Abundant; fruitful; fer- 
 
 \3^ 667 9 tile; opulent. 
 
 ni tang hong-long ; abundant harvests, ke tSu 
 
 heng-long; the fortunes of the family are 
 
 prosperous. 
 
 HSb long 74 The rising moon. 
 
 /JnU 668 16 gueh sek m6ng-l6ng; the 
 
 moon looks dim. m6ng-16ng mong-long, 
 
 thoi" bp hie" bin ; I do not see clearly in the 
 
 obscurity. 
 
 long 55 To treat with undue liberty; 
 
 569 4 to trifle and toy with ; to 
 handle; to do; to make; to feel, 
 mai''-long i ; do not meddle with it. mai" 
 
 to bu-long nang ; do not treat people with 
 indignity. khut i long hai khu; it has been 
 spoiled by his meddling with it. mai" to long 
 sin long kiii ; do not make a great ado about 
 it. i kai long-kwn kai ; what he is thoroughly 
 practised in. khiong-pha" tieh long chut su 
 lai ; fear that it will bring about a squabble, 
 long li'o, sio; bother and make crazy. long 
 
 liohunklm; bothered him about it until he 
 became confused. khut i ku-a nang lai kau 
 long tio cek jit khang-khije ; a day's work was 
 spoiled by their all coming. lu khu theng 
 
 long, long thoi" oi tit s8ng me ; you go and 
 make some attempts at doing it, and see 
 whether it can be done. long kau i ne kong- 
 kong ; plagued him till he was perfectly dazed, 
 khut ci kia" su long lio, bo sim bp bun ; was 
 so vexed by this affair that my wits left me. 
 ce long ku sim cii phu ; after being bothered a 
 long time, his anger was roused. 
 
 ^y/^^ VH long-tong Inconstant ; fluctuating; 
 i^ i^K 505 vagabondish. 
 ke bp long-tong cii, kua" chong ho chu 
 lai ? If the house had no truant sons, where 
 would the officials come from ? id kai ki'a" 
 soi" tiang-si si long-long tong-tong kai kiV-ti, 
 ci au cp-ni p\° kau hie" hd ? This son was 
 formerly a very wild lad, how is it that he is 
 lately so much changed for the better ? 
 
 4j^a long 64 To put into the sleeve. 
 J BE S68 16 long Iph chiu-ng toi ; put it 
 into his sleeve. to long Iph chiu-ug toi, cp-nl 
 bp khu ? I always keep it in my sleeve, why is 
 it not there ? 
 
 _]p — 
 
 lo 117 Correct ; strait ; direct ; de- 
 
 936 9 cent, 
 ho Ip-lp ; proper ; right ; correct. ca-jit i 
 
 no nang cia" h(5 Ip-lp, kia°-jit cu. td sie me"; 
 yesterday the two were on the best of terms, 
 and to-day they are reviling each other. ua 
 h(5 Ip-lp kio lu ta"; I will tell you in the most 
 straight-forward way. i tang-ca to hd Ip-lp, 
 cp oi ti-kau cie"-se" ? It was all i-ight a little 
 while ago, how did it come to be like this ? 
 
364 
 
 DICTIOXART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 Ip 86 Warm ; balmy. 
 
 . 043 9 cui m6ng tieh sie-lo sie-lp ; 
 
 the water is of a pleasant warmth when the 
 hand is put in it. kiie cia" sek kai, sie-lp sie- 
 lp ; the cake is just cooked, and is slightly 
 warm, cui min hie" sie, sie-lp sie-lp cu hd ; the 
 water need not bo so hot, if it is lukewarm that 
 is enough. hwn-li'o Ip-lp-sie, boi chin ; it is 
 
 still slightly warm, not yet wholly cooled. 
 
 -'"' Ip 180 chp-lp ; rank, noisome ; a strong 
 726 is smell. chp-lp kai cek li m hd 
 ciah ; do not cat the least bit of what is rank, 
 pe" ta" ho li'o, iii" slo" ciah chp-lp ; ho is now 
 well again, and wants to eat strong smelling 
 food. i hu ph6 ISi kai bl chp-lp, phl° tieh ui 
 cSi ; that shop there has a very strong odor 
 about it, and when T smell it, it makes mo sick. 
 
 A note or refrain in sing- 
 injr; the prattle of children. 
 
 H/*|t 551 19 
 
 ham i mai" ta" khah Ip-sp ; toll him not to talk 
 too much. i kfii ue ip-sp cJli, ta" boi tit hiah ; 
 she keeps prattling on as if she would never 
 stop, ciu CO I6h to ue cQ ta" kiiu Ip-sp, ta" boi 
 tit wn ; as soon as ho swallows the liquor, the 
 words begin to flow in a steady stream, and 
 he talks incessantly. 
 
 Id 85 Careless, neglectful. 
 508 12 Ip-chp ; in a rapid careless man- 
 ner, ci'a CO lai kliah Ip-chd ; this is slighted too 
 much in the doing, ci'a kang-hu Id-ld chd-chd, 
 bp eng ; this work is very carelessly done, and 
 is useless. Id-chp, sak ceh ; obstruct business 
 b}' neglect. 
 
 4*^ Id 61 Vexed; disappointed; annoyed. 
 IPU 617 9 hwn-ld ; sorrowful; anxious; 
 troubled, lu mai" hwn-ld ; do not be troubled 
 about it. bp hwn bo Id kdi naug ; ouo who 
 
 has no anxieties. 
 
 Id 125 A head man ; a chief among 
 508 equals, 
 i to tng a-ld ; he is a sergeant in the army, 
 toa Id ; the camp-master, or head of a garrison, 
 thau-ld ; one chosen as head man by his fellows. 
 
 lo 122 Lace, net, gauze ; openwork- 
 560 14 ed, lace-like ; certain kinds 
 of silk fabrics, like grenadine, 
 lo po ; lace. 16 p6 liam ; lace curtains, cek 
 pit chiu-lo ; one piece of Chinese grenadine, 
 i ka-ki cu tau 16-mang; he delivered himself 
 into the net. Ip-liet to si-ciu-ui ; surround on 
 every side. Ip-hang; Buddhist worthies, the 
 term being au imitation of the souud of an 
 
 Indian word. cap-poih Ip-hang ; the eighteen 
 personal disciples of Buddha. Ip-hang tng- 
 
 sa"; Jiuddliist scholars, siam-lo ; Siain. i cau 
 kuu siam-lo khu lio ; he has run off as far as 
 Jericho by this time. Ip-ke"; a compass. 16- 
 ke° cam ; the magnetic needle. 16-ke° cp-ni 
 
 khang? Which way does the compass direct? 
 16-kiiu; a constellation regarded by horoscopists 
 as very unlucky. i si huam tieh Ip-kTiu ; he 
 has the influence of the unlucky stars against 
 him. 
 
 16 167 A gong. 
 
 551 19 phah Id kd; boat gongs and 
 drums. t5a t&ng 16 khong-khong kie ; the 
 
 great brass gong sounds. be thau 16 khuai"- 
 khuai"-kie ; the gong, carried ahead of the 
 horses in an otiicial procession, sounds, ciia-fa" 
 kai 16-kd teo"-teo°-kie; the musical instruments 
 accompanyijig an exhibition of puppets aro 
 sounding. tang 16-kiii" thG"-tli6 -kie ; the 
 
 little brass gong is sounding. soi kai 16-kia 
 theo"-theo"-kie ; the very small gong, such as 
 is used by pedlars to announce their approach, 
 sounds thus. khang-16 kai sia" tlu'-tia'-kie ; 
 the sound of tinkling cymbals. 
 
 16 187 
 I* 551 U 
 mule and ride, 
 sealskin. 
 
 A mule. 
 
 sue ciah 16 lai khta; hire a 
 hai-16 ; a seal, hai-16-phue ; 
 
 y^a 16 86 A strong inherent flavor. 
 "IJIP^ G42 13 bl khah 16, m cheng ; its flavor 
 is too strong, it has not an unmixed taste, 
 mi" lai sah o-thng, kai hi khah 16 ; vermicelli 
 when boiled in unclarified sugar has too strong 
 a taste. 
 
 Spiral univalves, like snails 
 and whelks ; spiral ; screw- 
 
 16 142 
 I'* 551 11 
 
 like ; a conch. 
 16-khak ; spiral shells. 16-nek ; the flesh of 
 
 spiral univalves, hi'ang 16; conch shells, used 
 for sounding a summons upon, pu 16 ; to blow 
 a conch-shell. ch&ng 16; fresh water snails. 
 16-si-teng ; screws. 16-si jwn ; the thread of a 
 screw, hui" lo-si ; to drive in a screw. 
 
 VK 16 85 Impure; corrupt ; turbid ; not 
 ; i^ 83 13 clear. 
 
 I kai sia"-im ta° chut lai thia" tieh 16-16; his 
 I voice sounds very thick. ta" kai si-kai to .si 
 16-16 ; the present age is corrupt. ciii mai" 
 
 kong 16 ; do not roil the water. ciii 16, tieh 
 
 khieh hwn lai phah i cheng; the water is 
 turbid, it must be settled with alum. sek 
 
 thdi°-tieh 16-16, m cheng; the color is not clear. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 366 
 
 xgg 16 162 
 
 ;k!1£ 552 19 
 
 as a guard does. 
 
 sun-lo ; to go around examining. mua"-si-cliu 
 
 sun-Id; go all around on a tour of inspection. 
 
 To cruise about ; to patrol ; 
 to make a cii'cuit; to inspect, 
 
 VLT 16 93 A corral; a stable for cattle ; 
 
 r^ 507 3 an aviary ; a jail ; a prison. 
 CO 16 ; in jail, cp kam, cp 15; kept in imprison- 
 ment, kim to thien 16 ; kept in the Emperor's 
 prison, tu-16; a pig pen. 16-gek ; a prison. 
 
 16-lit ; naked to the waist, 
 pak-chiah-ka 16-lit ; half- 
 
 16-phiah 
 >|sjj^ "551 
 &ng 16-phiah ; beets. 
 
 Turnips. 
 
 16-phiah ci; turnip seed. 
 
 Di y* 16 30 The noise made by geese and 
 35C 977 8 ducks when feeding ; to feed 
 as a duck does ; to gobble up. 
 ah to lo chek ; the duck is eating unhusked 
 rice. i lo kau kai kui pa-pa ; he has eaten 
 
 till his crop is full. cek ua° png khut i no e 
 lo cu loh khu ; he gobbles up a bowl of rice 
 at two mouthfuls. in kiii nang kai n&ng ce lo 
 cu lo ku-a ua"; each of those people, if they 
 eat at all, will each gobble up several bowlfuls. 
 
 — loh- 
 
 ^ 
 
 V^ loh 140 To fall ; to tumble ; to let 
 ^pl 553 9 fall; to descend; to come 
 down to ; to gather at a place ; to make a 
 settlement; to put, set or lay a thing down ; to 
 enter, as in an account ; the place to which 
 one falls or goes ; a gathering place or abode ; 
 fixed, settled, arranged ; a preposition, at, in ; 
 it often merely adds force to the verb which it 
 follows. 
 
 jit hwn bue loh ; the sun is not yet down, 
 jit-thau loh sua" lio ; the sun is sinking to- 
 ward the horizon. hp khu loh bi, cu pfig ; 
 you may go and put in the rice and cook 
 it. ciii ai" loh jieh coi ? How much water 
 shall I put in ? ceng loh iam a hue ? Have 
 you salted it yet ? bue ceng loh cho ; has 
 not yet put on the vinegar. loh khah tlam ; 
 you have sweetened it too much. loh ho; 
 to rain. ho loh ; it rains. kSu to, pang loh 
 ciii, 6i phu ; his heavy knife, if laid on the 
 water, will float ; no matter what he under- 
 takes it always turns out well for him. puah 
 loh ciii ; fell into the water. boi tim loh cui 
 toi ; has not sunk to the bottom. loh hie", 
 phoi" via"; go to the country towns to hold 
 
 court and try cases. loh kua"-pia''; send 
 
 regular troops down upon. tai loh kang- 
 
 hu ; plenty of work to do. i ka-kl td loh jit ; 
 he makes time to suit himself, kut-kut nc cu 
 Iph; it slipped down very easily, sak Iph khu ; 
 plug it in. kuali Iph khu; cut it off. ci" Iph 
 kliu ; wedge it in. chng loh khu ; stab it in. 
 ia si jih tit loh cu cp ce jib loh khu ; if you can 
 stuff it all in, then do so. khieh Iph khut 
 
 lio ; I have put it in. i mng loh 1(5 hu toi 
 
 li'o ; he has already gone down in there, 
 tah loh khu, bit jieh chim ; stepped on it, and 
 sunk in ever so deeply. loh bo kp-kia"-ni ; 
 
 put in scarcely a bit. hp loh me ? Shall I go 
 down ? boi tit loh ; cannot descend. lia Iph 
 a ; I am going to descend. khah kin, cheiig 
 m loh ; it is too tight, I cannot wear it. cho 
 Iph p6-to toi ; put it into the bag. i7i tieh 
 
 khieh khui cia" 6i tit loh ; why don't you open 
 it, so that I can put it in. khng loh keh toi ; 
 put away in a drawer. chiu pang-lph ce ; 
 
 hold your hands a little lower. php loh lai ; 
 take it in your arms and lift it down. cuang 
 loh sie°; pack it away in a trunk. chiu cie" 
 chiu Iph, chiu kau chwn ; scrubbed till out of 
 breath. Hu loh khu, lu phiu pliue; slipped 
 down, and scraped off some skin, peh cie°, peh 
 loh ; clamber up and down. cie°-cie° Iph-lph, 
 hph coi hue ; ascended and descended many 
 times. c]e"-si lo loh ke ; lately the prices 
 
 are lower, bue ceng Iph cii td ji'ang " hp lio"; 
 before I had put in any at all she screamed out 
 " Enough." Iph pit ; put pen to paper, sia 
 loh cua ; write it down. to Iph lia"; pour it 
 into the bowl. ie loh puah ; dip it into the 
 
 pot. ni6"-kha se" khah loh ke ; her hair grows 
 too low on her forehead. i to Iph-pph kai 
 
 si-hau ; when he is in trouble. phak loh khu 
 iam ; bent down and peeped in. kai khang- 
 kia° s6i-s6i cai tit Iph ? How can we get 
 down through such a small aperture ? i f"- 
 keng loh mp" khu cp hue-sle°; he has shaven 
 his head, and become a priest. Iph chiu khu 
 ciam ; laid hands on it and drew it near. cp 
 loh khu ; sit down. ut loh khu ; lie down, 
 
 thap loh khu ; sink and form a hollow. tng 
 
 CO loh khu ; fell down into a sitting posture, 
 hap ioh khu ne kah-kah ; when doubled over, 
 it exactly fits. thoi" m loh ; cannot see it. 
 
 phoi-ta° loh sph ; the rope has slipped off the 
 carrying-pole, cia" loh ti'a"; just turned it into 
 the pan. than tie" loh ; hung his head. cp 
 loh thau li, lio cii kui"-si"; when you have done 
 the first part you will have become used to it. 
 hiii" loh th6 ; threw himself down upon the 
 ground, tham-ciah puah Iph meng-thng ang ; 
 the glutton falls into the candy- jar. thak Iph 
 
366 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 t6 ; study it till it becomes fixed in the mind. 
 ]6h 86k ; berome common. loh hue ; lose its 
 
 petiils. loh hieh ; slied its leaves. Iph si a r7i 
 loll 81 ? Is it set down squarely or not ? tang 
 kau cai, i kai thau to loh thang-kfa" khu Ifo ; 
 ■wait till you know, and by that time his head 
 will have dropped into the backet. loh be ; 
 
 dismount from a horse. 16h kie ; stepped upon 
 the bridge, loh kie ; set down the sedan-chair, 
 buah Idh khu cu co-co-kie ; as soon as it was 
 rubbed on, it eased the pain, loh lAu-thui ; go 
 down the stairs. loh Iftu-e; go down stairs, 
 
 siu I6h cek lang ; put into a bag. ciah rii loh ; 
 cannot eat. ciah tit loh ; can swallow it. 
 
 khut huang chue 16h lai ; blown down by the 
 wind. cun ai" sai cio" a sai loh ? Is the boat 
 to sail against or with the current ? lap loh 
 khu ; tumbled over. lu kio lia loh kiii nfa ; 
 
 you put on the collar for me. hiara-hiara 
 
 loh ; on the point of falling, khut phang tang 
 I6h khu, he-ce-kie ; got stung by a wasp and 
 yelled. hua khu 16h pang ; tuned so as to 
 
 accord. si'a rii loh keh ; write in irregular 
 
 lines. sia kau loh jiio; write rapidly and 
 
 beautifully. khia kau loh kha khui ; stood 
 
 till my legs ached, chap »u loh khun ; did not 
 afiiliate with them. ai" loh ci° me ? Will you 
 bet on it ? ci'o c6ng loh to a hue ? Have the 
 quails been withdawn from the pit ? i kai 
 
 nfing sue-loh cili ; he is very affable. put Ifin 
 ki" tieh sim-mih nang to si sue-sue 16h-l6h ; 
 whomsoever he meets, he treats them with 
 great suavity, loh sio ; enter in account. bOe 
 ceng ki" loh pho ; have not yet entered it in 
 the list, kui jit cle" pang, kiii jit loh pang ; is 
 on duty for a few days, and then off duty for 
 a few days, i c) hue t(5 loh long ; i td loh thfii ; 
 he is losing money ; he is not prospering at 
 present. fl ci° loh ie-to cu boi ; will sell it if 
 I can make anything upon it. ai° cie" pak a 
 16h lam ? Are you going north or south ? i loh 
 a-no" Ko, sin-hun khun ; she has had a miscar- 
 riage and is very weak. hi loh pe" lio ; the 
 performance is closed, loh sng, loh sph ; there 
 is frost and snow. ciang-si sng loh, sph loh 
 ai° khu ti-kp ? At this season, when the frost 
 and snow are upon us, where would you go ? 
 tu Iph siah, ai° u ciah ; when one's chop-stick 
 falls off the table, he is going to get an invita- 
 tion to dinner. ai" Iph cp sim-mih khwn ? In 
 what style will you write your autograph ? 
 mng tieh cai loh cheng ; remember and bar 
 the door. i cie"-si 16h nek ; she is losing 
 flesh lately. ceng loh hiie a hue ? Is the 
 cargo in yet ? ce loh khuang cu kiu khu ; 
 as soon as he was put into the arena, he drew 
 back. 
 
 I-^I^ 
 
 16h-thoh 
 553 
 care of camels. 
 
 — lu- 
 lu 82 A hammock ; a knoll 
 927 12 sua lu ; sandy knolls, 
 cek lu : in hummocks. 
 
 A camel. 
 
 khang Iph-thph ; to take 
 
 cek la 
 
 In 64 To strike horizontally with 
 30 8 the fists ; to pommel, 
 khut i lu tieh phia'-li ; was hit in the ribs by 
 him. lu kau phia"-li ceng ; pommelled him 
 
 till his sides were swollen. 
 
 lu 197 lu-mang; rash; flippant; 
 
 55t) heedless in act or speech; 
 abrupt and careless. 
 
 i cp 8U lii-mang ; he acts rashly. i to si Iii- 
 lii mang-mang, theng cp ; he is very inconsi- 
 derate, and does things at haphazard. 
 
 lii 44 Reiterated; repeatedly; often; 
 559 11 over and over; again and 
 again. 
 
 lia lu-lii kio i ta"; I have told him repeatedly, 
 i lij-chu to bp thia" lia ; he has many times 
 disobeyed me. lu chi, lii hau ; as often as yoa 
 try it you will find it serviceable. lu cien lii 
 s6ng ; as often as you fight you will gain a 
 victory. 
 
 ^6& lu 195 Stupid ; not intelligent. 
 ^ipy 556 ~4~ i kai ch&i-cieh lii-tun ; his 
 faculties are dull. i si chong-mSng, i si lii- 
 tfin ; the one is quick to understand and the 
 other is slow of apprehension. cp su cho-lii, 
 m bun-ngia ; does things in a boorish way, not 
 as a cultured person would do them. 
 
 jp^ lA 64 To take captive; to carry away 
 i)jl§^ 657 18 as a prisoner ; to enslave ; to 
 kidnap. 
 
 lu-liah ; seize as a prisoner. kp i chie^-lu ; 
 
 enter complaint against him for kidnaping, 
 lu-kim nang lio, tang nang klm chi'u-sok; keep 
 a person in captivity, expecting some one to go 
 and ransom him. lam hu lau iu" khut i lA 
 
 kiii cap nang khu ; of the old and young of 
 both sexes, some tens of persons in all were 
 taken away captive by them. 
 
 dl^ lu 130 To state ; to convey orders ; 
 /j/jS 555 To to transmit; to arrange in 
 order ; to spread out. 
 
 hong-lu-ji kheng ; the President of the Court 
 of Ceremonies. lu-liet kau meng-peh ; set 
 
 forth clearly. tiam tieh thwn-lu ; mark off 
 
 the transmitted orders. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 367 
 
 lu 53 A booth ; a hut ; a thatched 
 _ 558 16 hovel. 
 
 chau lu ; a straw hut. clio chut mua" lu ; his 
 first departure from his attap hut. mo" lu ; 
 
 a booth beside a grave. 
 
 lu 140 Water-rushes ; hollow stem- 
 
 555 1^ med grasses. 
 
 lu^\h; bulrushes, lu-kuai; hellebore, lu-ui; 
 rushes. 
 
 The skull of a man. 
 
 sie° tieh thau-lu ; wounded 
 
 a space, 
 way or 
 
 an 
 op- 
 
 Im^ lu 157 Li mechanics. 
 4tp| 557 "6~ extension ; a 
 portunity of action, 
 cng kai bo mng bo lu ; wholly unable to find 
 an opportunity for action ; out of work ; hedged 
 in. CO lai m cheng-cl)0, bo rain bo lu ; it is 
 
 not a finished piece of work, there is nothing 
 to distinguish the back from the front. 
 
 154 
 6 
 
 To bribe ; to give a present 
 for the purpose of obtain- 
 
 TT 557 
 
 ing help. 
 
 iu-lu ; a bribe. i am-ce" kliu lu i kai ci"; the 
 money that he secretly went and bribed him 
 with, sai-e siu nang kai lu ; privately receive 
 a bribe from some one. lu i kau cek bwn ngun 
 i cu hau"; if you make him a present of ten 
 thousand dollars he will acquiesce in the 
 arrangement. 
 
 §^J lu 167 The metal butt of a spear 
 ^ 925 8 or knife, 
 to pe° hu teng kai lu ai" eng thih kai a si ai° 
 eng tang kai ? Do you want the ring which 
 encircles the handle of the knife to be of iron 
 or of brass ? lu cu si cah-khau ; the butt is 
 the metal ring which holds the wooden handle 
 to the steel. 
 
 — lua — 
 
 118 Deep, round baskets, with- 
 19 out cover or handle, 
 jieh coi ? How much does one 
 
 T^E 551 
 
 cek lua cho 
 basket hold ? 
 
 lua 154 To assume ; to act on a false 
 500 9 basis ; to trump up a charge ; 
 to accuse an innocent man. 
 
 mai° lua ta" nang ; do not accuse the wrong 
 person, lua hut than ciah koi ; accuse Buddh 
 of surreptitiously eating potted fish, thu-lua ; 
 falsely accuse. bo cng-kia", bo th6i"-ki'', co 
 
 ho lua i CO chak ? Thei'e being no stolen goods 
 found in his possession, and no witnesses, how 
 can you accuse him of being the thief ? 
 
 — luah — 
 luah 86 To scorch ; to burn in 
 >y| 835 12 cooking, 
 i kai png pu kau tieh luah ; the rice is boiled 
 down till it is scorched. ciah tieh chau hiie- 
 luah ; it has a scorched taste. phi" tieh kHi 
 luah bi ; smellsomething that smells like food 
 scorching. 
 
 One of the five tastes; 
 pungent, acrid, sharp, bit- 
 
 luah 160 
 
 498 7 
 ing, pepper}', 
 ciah tieh i kai bi luah-luah ne ; it tastes very 
 hot. kai-luah ; ground mustard, hiam-luah ; 
 peppery. i si bue pat ciah tieh luah kie°; he 
 has not yet eaten strong ginger-root ; he has 
 not experienced suffering, khui choh kai-luah 
 lai pwn tu-to ; stir up some mustard and put 
 it on the tripe. cih biie 6i luah ; it bites the 
 tongue. 
 
 4^ luah 64 To smooth; to straighten. 
 liffiL 497 15 luah thau-mo"; smooth the 
 hair. au-tau luah kau kng-kng ; the back 
 
 hair stroked very smooth. 
 
 luah 169 To take a look at. 
 
 1131 7~ cho-liak luah kue ; I have 
 cursorily looked them over, i chong-meug 
 
 cai, luah cek kue cu pat ; he is very quick of 
 apprehension, by just looking it over once he 
 understands. cang mak khu luah tlioi"; take 
 a look at them. 
 
 >J-b|r luah 104 Severe ; grievous, as pain. 
 ^jpy 498 T luah thia" luah thia" ne ; 
 to smart and ache. 
 
 3f 
 
 — luh — 
 
 nm ^^^^ — "^^ S^^P down. 
 
 I 185 5 lull ceng te ; gulped down a 
 cup of tea. ceh ua" luh co no sa" chui cu vvn ; 
 take down the bowlful at two or three gulps, 
 luh khah toa chui chph au ; choked by gulping 
 too big mouthfuls. 
 
 — lui — 
 
 t\;^\ lui 140 Leaf-buds ; flowers in spikes 
 ^llvCi^ 301 T2^ or bushy heads, opening in 
 succession ; a classifier of flowers. i"-keng 
 
 pauh lui lio ; has already formed buds, ki-biie 
 I6ng-c6ng piuh liii ; buds have shot out on all 
 the twigs. tiah sa° s\ lui hue lai chah ; pick 
 three or four flowers and stick them in. chun 
 cek lui tla°; one sprig is left. h'wn-lio ham- 
 lui ham-lui ; is still half-blown. ci lui ne 
 
 h&m-ham ; this one is just ready to blossom. 
 I ci cek liii hue thoi" tieh chie-chie ; this flower 
 
368 
 
 btCTIONART OP THE SWATOliV DIALECT. 
 
 is jasfc opening. khut n^ng cliii kku Ing Itii ; 
 they have all been plucked off by some one. 
 bne-cam, hue-liii ; arlificial flowers, phang t5 
 hue-liii t6i chai bit; the bees gather honey from 
 the flowers. hue-liii sim ; the pistil. hue- 
 liii chia ; the stamens. 
 
 liii 58 To sort, to classify 
 1056 10 jl liii ; a glossary, 
 cip cp cek e ; collate all the lists. 
 
 cheh liii 
 
 To mutually destroy, as in 
 fighting ; a battle ; a rampart ; 
 
 lui 82 
 
 511 15 
 a military wall, 
 tui liii ; in conflict, cek lui cQ ki° kui ; as soon 
 as they began to fight they were as frightened 
 as if they had seen a ghost, c'len peh gua Iiii, 
 hwn buo k\" su ia"; have fought a hundred 
 battles and not yet found out which is the 
 stronger. i kai mng cek phi" tali eJn-thu, cC*k 
 phi" tab ut-liii; on each half of the double door, 
 he had pasted an image of an ancient warrior. 
 
 ^g liii 120 To heap on ; to accumulate ; 
 V|^ 511 5 to repeat. 
 
 ui-chu; again and again. ai" liii c6 tieh kAi 
 a lui CO cng krii ? Are you going to build it up 
 with stones or with bricks ? liii kliiam hph 
 coi to k6 ; owes in the aggregate quite a largo 
 amount. liii-cek kvi cQ coi ; if it keeps on 
 
 accumulating it becomes a large amount. liii 
 coi-coi ; accummulated in great numbers, cek 
 ui liii gueh ; increasing years and months. 
 
 3^^ lui 149 To eulogize the dead ; praises 
 p/1^ 511 6 of the dead, 
 khu pai i, cp kQa tie" liii-bun khu ; went to 
 pay a visit of condolence, and took with him 
 an obituary that he had prepared. liii-sut i 
 
 6e"-pheng kai tek-heng ; narrate the virtuous 
 actions he performed when living. 
 
 »|i^ Ini 104 Small pimples or blisters; 
 70^ 611 13 rough skin ; a rash, 
 hwt kau pui-pui lui-lui ; broken out in a thick 
 rash, pe kau hu kp lui-lni ; scratched it till it 
 is all pimply there. mong tieh liii-lui ; it is 
 like goo.se-flesh to the touch, phu cek pa m6ng 
 tieh lui-lui ; a spot has appeared which is very 
 rough to the touch. 
 
 ^^ lui 173 Thunder. 
 pfcl 510 5 lui tang; lui hi'ang; it thun- 
 ders. lui kha, si nang ; the lightning struck 
 
 and killed some one. lui lu-lu-kie ; the thunder 
 roars. lui hu-hu-kie ; the thunder mutters in 
 the distance. lui leb-leh-kie ; the thunder 
 
 crackles close at hand. lui kia-leh ; a peal of 
 
 thunder. lui leb-ce-kxe ; a clap of thunder. 
 
 lAi kQang-ce-kie ; the thunder rumbles. lui 
 U-lu-kie 5 the thunder reverberates. lui lili- 
 leh-kie ; the thunder sounds in short sharp 
 successive peals. hut-jien cek sia" lui hiaiig; 
 there was a sudden clap of thunder. lui-sin ; 
 lui-kong 5 the god of thunder. lui-kong nih 
 mak ; it lightens, lui tlen ; thunder and light- 
 ning, khut lui-hue sie" tieh ; marked by light- 
 ning, i si bQam lui eh ; it has been stuck by 
 lightning. 
 
 lui 120 To coil up; to wind; to swathe. 
 ^5? 46 15 pi" lui c6 cang-kia°.16 ; twist 
 the queue into a knot on the back of the head, 
 chph 8f<a" khut i lixi cp cek kai kiu ne i°-i°; the 
 thread has been wound up into a round ball by 
 him. tieh cwn lui ki t&ng-lp-th{xi lai phah 
 
 cia° h(5 ; it should have a gong-stick npecially 
 wound for beating it. 
 
 lui 64 To triturate ; to grind with a 
 510 18 pestle in a mortar, making a 
 rumbling sound. 
 
 16i au; a triturating bowl, lui-pnah, lui-thdi; 
 a pot and pestle used in trituration. liii 
 
 kd ; to sound a drum, in such a way as to 
 make it rumble. liii sek-llo; grind paints. 
 
 Idi ieh-b&ah ; grind medicinal powders 
 
 lui 120 To put an affair on another; 
 |"S 511 6 trouble and responsibility; 
 to involve; to implicate. 
 
 iQi tieh pat nAng ; involves other people. Itli- 
 klp chu-pi"; compromises his neighbors, khut 
 i tboa-lui tieh ; was implicated by him. i b6 
 thoa bp IQi ; he is not concerned. pp-lui kau 
 hph coi uAng; made trouble for a great number 
 of people. lien-liii i kai hia"-ti ; implicated 
 his brothel's in it. 
 
 lui 85 Tears ; to weep ; dropping 
 
 512 12 like tears, 
 lui Imn; traces of tears. iQi hia ju ho ; tears 
 fall like rain, ham iQi ; tears standing in the 
 eyes. pui lui ; mourn and weep. cek khut 
 huang chue lio, lui cek koi"; the candle being 
 flared by the wind, drops its wax all around. 
 cek ce lui cQ koi wn ; a guttered candle burns 
 out quickly. thi lam, thl liii ; weeping and 
 
 wailing. 
 
 181 Clai-s, genus, species ; a sort, 
 10 a kind ; to class with : to 
 
 lui 
 
 512 
 assimilate. 
 
 to si hu cek lui ; they are all of that sort, 
 tang lui kai nang ; the same sort of people, 
 tph kui lui kui lui ; assort them, putting each 
 
DICTIOXART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 369 
 
 kind by itself, kliim lui ; the feathered tribes, 
 thang lui ; the insect species, sm liii ; of the 
 order of wild beasts. hu lui ; classed among 
 fishes. nang lui ; belonging to the human 
 
 family. thiok lui ; the domestic animals, 
 
 kiii lai ; a sort of demon. i lui ; a strange 
 
 species, cieh lui ; a kind of stone. 
 
 •i€^ liii 75 To roll down stones on an 
 'I'Pq 512 13 enemy. 
 
 Q-pi lui-bak phau-cieh ; prepare the missiles 
 that are to be rolled down on the foe. i khu 
 phah hu kai sua", khut i kai lui-bak phau-cieh 
 sie" SI hoh coi nang ; they went and attacked 
 them on the hill, and many were killed by the 
 missiles that were rolled down. 
 
 S lui 120 
 ^IS 511 5 
 
 curabrances. 
 
 thoa liii kau i cham c5i ; 
 
 as to be in great distress. 
 
 he has no embarrassments. 
 
 lui ; he has many domestic encumbrances. 
 
 i khut ke-lui lui tieh ; she is cumbered with 
 
 domestic cares. mai" cah to lui sin ; do not 
 
 cumber yourself by taking it along with you. 
 
 Perplexed with many affaii's ; 
 to cumber ; embarrassed ; en- 
 
 is so encumbered 
 
 i bo thoa bo lui ; 
 
 i u kui kai chM 
 
 ^^ liii 
 1066 
 
 58 A series ; to sort ; to classify. 
 
 10 ji lui ; a lexicon. 
 lu.i-cip coi, cia" khu cau huang-siang ; classify 
 and collate all in regular order, and then go 
 and report to the emperor. 
 
 — lun — 
 
 lun 111 Stumpy; short; curtailed. 
 
 445 8 i kai am lun-lun ne ; his 
 neck is very short. chi'u to-lun to-lun ; very 
 short arms. 
 
 jXf lun 61 To restrain passion ; to en- 
 i\^^ 287 3 dure ; to forbear, 
 liin chie ; keep one's countenance. lun chie 
 
 lun m khu ; tried to keep from laughing but 
 could not. lun khau ; repressed a tendency 
 to weep. khi kau lun m khu ; could not 
 
 restrain my anger. i 6i liin oi lieh ; he is 
 
 self-controlled. 6i-t6i-hu liin kau chui chua; 
 the sole has suffered till its mouth is drawn 
 out of shape. lun khi se" chai ; the repres- 
 sion of anger begets wealth. liin cek to ; 
 have forborne long enough. oi liin li mien 
 phiia ci"; if you can stand it, then you need 
 not spend your money, i oi lun ; he can stand 
 it. cie^-se" rli ho lun ; this is unbearable, 
 liin thia°; endure pain. thia" kau m-ho liin; 
 aches so that I cannot endure it. lu tieh khak- 
 kho lun'; you must persistently endure. cie° 
 kau m ho liin ; itches so I cannot stand it. 
 
 lun 88 Young; immature; delicate; 
 
 , 642 11 tender. 
 
 ci"-liin ci"-lun ne; young and tender. sang 
 
 chiu chun chut lai lun-lun ; stretched out a 
 pair of slender arms. chlu m6ng tieh ne lun- 
 lun ; her hands feel very soft. ci ciah koi cQ 
 pui-lun ; this fowl is fat and tender. th6i" 
 
 tieh lun-kai liin-kai ; appears very small and 
 immature. 
 
 tlun 159 Awheel; a disk; a revolu- 
 566 8 tion, a circuit, a turn ; to 
 rotate. 
 
 sie liin ; to take turns. lun tieh i ; it is his 
 
 turn. liin-liu th6i"-siu ; stand watch in rota- 
 tion, sie lun tau thoi ; take it in turn, kia"- 
 jit liin tieh lia, mua''-ca lun tieh lu ; to-day it 
 is my turn, and to-morrow it vfill be yours, 
 hiie-liin-ciin ; a side-wheel steam-boat. hiie- 
 lun-chia ; steam-cars. chia liin ; the wheel of 
 a car or carriage, hi" liin ; the rim of the ear. 
 chia-lun kai thek ; the spokes in a wheel, 
 chia-lun kai sim ; the axle. chia-liin kai 
 
 khuang ; the felly, lun lin-kue lai ; the wheel 
 rotates, tug lun; wheel about, lun pang; the 
 reliefs appointed to act in rotation, si-koi sie 
 lun hue ; the wheel of fortune turns. 
 
 /^^ liin 9 Natural relationships ; affinity 
 IniJ 565 8 of things by classes and orders, 
 kun chin, pe kia", hu hu, hia" ti, pheng lu, 
 kie-co ngo liin; the relation of monarch and 
 subject, father and son, husband and wife, 
 elder and younger brother, friend and friend, 
 are called the five human relationships, i cie"- 
 se" sng si ngek liin ; he is in so doing going 
 contrary to what is acknowledged among all 
 men as necessary and proper. 
 
 lun 85 Lost in perdition ; engulfed. 
 
 565 8 min eng tim-lun to ti-gek ; 
 need not sink down into hell. lun-buang ; to 
 perish. 
 
 ^^V lun 149 To discourse upon ; to dis- 
 PlIIJ 566 8 cuss; to criticise; to find 
 fault with ; to reason upon ; speaking of ; by ; 
 according to. 
 
 bo lun ; put lun ; it is immaterial ; no matter ; 
 without discussing it. bo liin tl-tiang ; be it 
 whomsoever it may. jiak lun ci kai nang li 
 m-h6 ; if it is this person who is under consi- 
 deration, he will not do. lun-kip i, cu sie" 
 tieh i ; in speaking of him, we thought of her. 
 lun kong, seng sie"; debate his merits, and 
 award a testimonial. ci'a si lun kun boi a si 
 lun chieh boi ? Is this bought by the pound or 
 by the stone ? lu lia lai lun cS j let us talk it 
 
370 
 
 DICTIONAET OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 over. lun li li m-h<5 cie"-se ; judged by the 
 
 standard of correct doctrine, it is not right to 
 do thus. lun nftng-cheng ii h(5 ; considering 
 it in its humanitarian aspect only, it is right, 
 put lun toa soi ; whether old or young. noai° 
 lun ; without debate. ho khiap mai" lun ; 
 
 whether good or bad. mai" ngi-lun nang ; do 
 not criticise people. lun ci kia° su; as con- 
 cerning this affair, lun chut hu Q li; reasoned 
 out a correct principle of action. lun lai lun 
 khu ; discussing it pro and con. plen-lQn ; 
 
 to discuss. lun lai tieh ; it is well said. 
 
 lun 149 A treatise j works on meta- 
 
 566 8 physics, 
 khau hang-lira bI co lun ; at the examinations 
 of the members of the Imperial Academy, they 
 write treatises. ngi-lun ; a train of reasoning 
 upon a subject. cp kp meh-luu ; write a 
 
 treatise on disease, cle" iQn, e lun ; the Con- 
 fucian Analects. 
 
 iQu 157 To trample. 
 _ . 295 9 lun tah ; to trample upon. 
 m^i" pting th6-e kp lun-tuh ; do not let it be 
 trampled under foot. iQu-tah kiiu chui-chiii ; 
 trampled to pieces. c^ng nang <<5 lun-t&h k&i 
 li-hng; a place every one tramps over. mai" 
 lun-tah tlo beh ; do not trample down the wheat. 
 01 cang hue khut gu lun-tah tio ; this flower 
 has been trampled down by the cattle. kha 
 
 mai" khu lun tieh ; do not tread it down. 
 
 m 
 
 — lut — 
 
 Int 1^30 To slip out ; to come apart ' 
 
 914 7 to shed. 
 
 khah khua" cu oi lut chut lai ; if it is too loose 
 it will slip out. i kS kin-kin, pak m lut; he 
 holds it very tightly between his teeth, and I 
 cannot get it out. khut i ti" km td kp, pak m 
 lut lih ; it is all tangled up in it, and I cannot 
 untangle it in the least. i kai ie-to lut khu, 
 kio i pak hp ce ; her girdle has untied, tie it 
 on for her. kut lut chut lai ; the bones slip 
 out from the flesh. sah kau lut kut ; seethe 
 it till the bones fall out. chiu lut hieh ; the 
 trees shed their leaves. lut mo"; shed their 
 fur. cie"-se° boi lut ; thus it will not fail to 
 stay where it is fixed. 
 
 lut 111 Docked; lopped off; clipped. 
 . . , 445 8 td-lut ; curtailed ; chipped ; 
 cut short. kp-kia" much to-lut td-lut ne, 
 
 tak tieh sim-mih ci°; a bit of a thing, and with 
 part of it hacked off at that, it can be of no 
 great value. ci cek ki sang-hu cie" t(5-lut, c6 
 tak G cie° coi nguu ? How is it that this'stem of 
 
 red coral, truncated as it is, is worth so much 
 money ? chfu chun chut lai td-lut tp-lut, ne ; 
 stretched out a stubby arm. khah td-lut, m 
 cie Ie°; too squat, and unstylish. 
 
 lut 64 To rub or draw through the 
 
 560 7 hand, 
 lut i kai cf chut lai ; scrape out its seeds, lut 
 gu-ni ; to milk, lut chin ; to stroke the beard, 
 mp" lut tit ; smooth the hair straight. ciii- 
 hun-tSng cang pd-sua lut i kng; take emery 
 powder and polish the pipe. chfu-hwn lut 
 
 chut lAi ; pall off your bracelet. 
 
 lIllT t)l^^ lut-sut Bare, not wooded, as a 
 |l|/LPl>?8 1065 hill, 
 kng-lut-sut; perfectly bald; destitute of all 
 vegetable growth. kui sua" cng kai kng-lut- 
 sut ; a perfectly bald mountain. mua".ti-kp 
 kng-lut-sut kng-lut-sut, i ai° tiam-pang tl-kp? 
 The whole place is without copse or brushwood, 
 where would he hide in it ? i kid thilu-khak 
 kng-lut-sut ; his pate is bald. 
 
 A statute, a fixed law, an 
 ordinance; a standard; rules 
 
 m 60 
 
 564 6 
 of versification, 
 lut-ll ; statutes and rescripts, (the former are 
 regarded as more fundamental than the latter), 
 lut-huap ngiam ; the laws are strict. i cp sfl 
 hd huap bp lut; he acts without any regard 
 to rules or regulations ; he is perfectly lawless. 
 c6k lut kia"; one uniform code. chit Ifit si ; 
 
 heptameter verse. cie lut phoi"; judged ac- 
 cording to law. 
 
 lut 196 A water-bird, perhaps a 
 1140 12 lapwing, named from its 
 
 note ; it knows the approach of i-ain and 
 
 is thought by the Chinese to be akin to the 
 
 quail. 
 
 — lu- 
 lu 167 A small shovel, used in stir- 
 14 11 ring food when cooking ; to 
 
 shovel. 
 
 tia" lu ; the pan and shovel, lu khi I4i ; take 
 
 up with the shovel. 
 
 lu 85 The second person ; the hearer ; 
 298 3 you. 
 lu ka-ki ; your yourself. lu lia cp-pu lai khu ; 
 let's you and I go together, i lai chia" lu ; he 
 comes to invite you. ai" hai" lu ; am going to 
 repay you. i kwn-th5i lu jieh hd ? How did 
 he treat you ? lu 6i mS ? Can you do it ? lu 
 a si boi ua kie p^t nang ; if you cannot do it, 
 I will get some one else. si lu kai a m si ? 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 371 
 
 It is yours is it not ? i sieh lu ; she is very 
 
 kind to you. cie"-se" si th6i"-t6ng lu, m s! 
 
 tb6i°-khin lu ; this is showing you respect, not 
 ti'eating you lightly. lu thia" ua ta"; listen 
 
 to what I say. lu thoi"; look here, la kheng 
 me ? Are you willing ? ua si th6i"-ki" lu ; 
 
 I see you. 
 
 Cf« lu 167 To burnish by rubbing upon ; 
 ^^ 5G0 15 to i"asp ; to rub. 
 khieh khu sua teng lu ; go and scour it on the 
 sand. lu kau i kim-kim ; rub it very bright. 
 lu kau poh-poh ; rasp it thin. lu tlo ci gua 
 
 kai cho phue ; rasp off this coarse outer rind, 
 khut chau lu kau kng-kut ; rubbed smooth on 
 the grass. 
 
 lu 187 An ass. 
 i^/aS. 558 16 lu k6, lu bo, lu kia"; the male 
 the female, and the foal. khia lu; to ride an 
 ass. kiii ciah lu ; several asses, cek khun lu j 
 a drove of asses. 
 
 fit ^^ A '^'^ stoop in walking. 
 
 3P 542 17 i kai thau lu-lu li-li kia"; he 
 pushed straight on with his head projecting in 
 front of him. 
 
 lu 61 To think upon anxiously ; to 
 fj\U\ 660 11 turn over in one's mind ; 
 concerned ; doubtful about, 
 khua-lu ; anxious, troubled, concerned about, 
 khiia-lu tieh i ; am doubtful about his welfare, 
 iu-lu ; careworn. sim lai iu-lu ; troubled in 
 
 mind. lu kau au lai kfd su; take forethought 
 of what may happen, su-lu thai kiie cu ai" se" 
 pe"; if you worry about it too much you will 
 get ill. i kai lu su tng cai ; his precautions 
 
 extend to what is yet a long way off. su tieh 
 lu tng cia" h(5 ; it will be well for us to con- 
 sider remote results. 
 
 — Iwn — 
 
 Iwn 86 A pleasant warmth ; bland ; 
 
 643 9 ^ kind, 
 tit-tieh jit kai Iwn-khi ; get warmth from the 
 sun. cek ke pa-lwn, coi ke wn ; when one 
 
 family is well provided for, many families are 
 discomforted. nang-cheng ne Iwn ; people's 
 feelings are changeable, un-lwn; genial, thi" 
 bI un-lwn ; the weather is balmy. 
 
 Iwn 196 A fabulous bird, regarded 
 AVTsy 570 19 as the embodiment of every 
 grace and beauty ; the argus pheasant seems to 
 have furnished the type. i khia ki Iwn mo'' 
 si"; he carried a fan made of the feathers of 
 the argus pheasant. 
 
 Ivvn 167 Imperial ; royal ; a term of 
 
 570 19 respect. 
 Iwn ke ; the emperor's carriage or sedan. Iwu- 
 ngi-ue; the imperial guard, kim Iwn toi"; the 
 imperial palace. cgng hue-lwn a bile ? Has 
 he yet set out on the return journey ? (said of 
 His Majesty, or of a god). 
 
 Iwn 64 Contracted as by palsy. 
 
 561 19 khu-lvvn ; bent and unable to 
 straighten itself ; stiff and crooked ; distorted, 
 i kfii kha chiu khu-lwn, si hueh ko kai maa°- 
 pe"; the distortion of his limbs has its origin in 
 the impoverishment of his bood. 
 
 Ivvn 46 The peaks of a hill ; a line of 
 
 570 19 pointed summits, 
 hu cek phai kai hong-lwn ngi'a cS.i ; that line of 
 mountain peaks is very fine. i k§,i thoi" sua" 
 pit ai" kang-kiu Iwn-tlaau ; the geomancer will 
 surely expatiate upon the surrounding peaks. 
 
 fl Ivvn 5^ Confusion ; insurrection ; dis- 
 L 670 12 order, 
 tai Ivvn ku hie", si'e Ivvn kii sia°; a great com- 
 motion in a village, would make but a small 
 one in a city. tl-tiang ka" ch^k Iwn ? Who 
 
 dares stir up insurrection ? Iwn si kai si-hau ; 
 in time of sedition. thi"-e jio-lvvn ; disorder 
 everywhere. 
 
 ^^^ Ivvn 61 To dote on ; to love ardently; 
 S\iJ,\ 561 19 to long after. 
 Ivvn-lvvn put sia ; cannot tear himself away. 
 Ivvn-tieh kii hie"; strongly attached to his native 
 place, i Ivvn tieh bo ki'a", kia" m khui; he loves 
 his wife and children and cannot leave them. 
 
 — Iwt — 
 
 Iwt 169 To pass in review; to inspect; 
 1131 7 to compare in order to 
 vouch for. 
 
 Ivvt-leh ; to pass through ; to understand be- 
 cause of having experienced ; well versed in. 
 i Iwt-lSh 10 coi ; he has had more experience 
 in this sort of thing. Iwt-thoi"; to look over, 
 with a purpose. Iwt pia"; to review troops. 
 
 Iwt 19 Poor, insignificant, feeble. 
 
 560 4 iu Iwt; best and worst, talented 
 and stupid, terms of comparison. hun-piet 
 
 iu Iwt ; discriminate between the superior and 
 the inferior. i kai Iwt ciah coi cS,i; the 
 
 evidences of past follies are numerous in him. 
 
 — ra — 
 ra 38 An elderly woman ; the wife 
 606 5 of a father's or a husband's 
 elder brother. 
 
372 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 ISa m; an old aunt. cliu-pi" a-s^m a.r6 hue; 
 the middle aged and elderly women among the 
 neighbors. toa m ; my husband's eldest bro- 
 ther's wife, si tin a-m; it is our paternal aunt. 
 
 'jfS nj 1 Will not ; does not wish to ; has 
 \ 717 3 decided against it ; is averse to. 
 lia m ; I am not going to do that, ua kio i cp. 
 pii khu, i ta° i rn; I asked him to go with me 
 and he said he would not. i m thak ; he 
 
 refuses to study. i m ciah ; he will not eat. 
 
 i in chap i ; he will not associate with them. 
 i m ta"; he declines to speak. 6a ai° khang i 
 kia°, i lu; I wanted to lead him along, and he 
 would not let mo. i cp-ni m? Why will he not ? 
 in ft si khu, lin cu m; if they go we will not. 
 
 yf" m 1 An adverb of negation. 
 
 I 717 8 m cai; unaware, m pat; do not 
 know. iTi hio ; do not understand. m thia"; 
 disobey. ui-h<5 ; bad. ra pien ; inconvenient, 
 m-tang ; dissimilar, m ngfa ; unlovely, rh ju 
 i ; unsatisfactory. iIi jien ; unlike. kha 
 
 m si cle''-se° ? Is it not so ? m ka"; would not 
 presume. lii ai° a m-j\i ? Do you want it or 
 not ? m-ai"; he does not want it. ki' khu a 
 m ? Are you going or not ? si a m si ? Is it 
 so or not ? li(5 a ili-hd ? Is it well to do so or 
 not ? i m hku" kio lia ta"; he would not tell 
 me. kheng a m khe'ng ; willing or unwilling, 
 m kfii" ra ke ; neither higher nor lower, cia si 
 Iti k&i a rn si ? This is yours is it not ? i tk" 
 b6, lia m sien ; he says there is none, but I do 
 not believe it. m si a ; that is not it. m hua"- 
 hi ; displeased. 
 
 — ma° — 
 
 •*fip ma" 38 A waiting woman. 
 3|i^ 672 10 kang-ma°; a nurse, a maid- 
 servant, phua ma°; a duenna. 
 
 Careless ; remiss ; slo- 
 venly ; negligent ; per- 
 
 ma°-hu 
 f^^ rT^^> 675 
 
 functory ; cursory. 
 CO su ma-hu; does things in a very cursory way; 
 slights his work. i cp su to si ma-ma hu-hu ; 
 ■whatever he does he produces very unsatisfac- 
 tory results. 
 
 93 raa^-gu ; the yak, an animal 
 11 found in Thibet and Western 
 
 ma 
 671 
 
 Chi 
 
 •«BE raa° 38 An old woman ; a graud- 
 Mtf^ 672 10 mother, 
 lai ma", gua ma"; paternal and maternal grand- 
 mothers. lS,u ma"; grandfather's mother, gua 
 IXu ma"; grandmother's mother. a kong ma"; 
 grandparents, thai ma"; venerable lady. 
 
 mm 
 
 ma"-lau A general name for 
 617 veined stones, such as 
 opal, cornelian, agate, onyx and jasper, 
 kim tah lio eng ma"-lau ge lai ge ; when you 
 have overlaid it with gold-leaf, then take the 
 smoothing stone and polish it. 
 
 mai 
 
 A 
 
 2f] 
 
 mai" 20 An adverb of negation. 
 
 1065 2 ai" thoi" h(5 thoi", mui" thSng; 
 look at it if you want to, but do not touch it. 
 mM" khu tia" tleh i ; do not give it the slightest 
 touch. mai" til" keng \\6 ; it is better to say 
 
 nothing about it. mai" mueh nah-sap ; do not 
 soil it. mai" cak i ; don't disturb him. 
 
 To bury ; to secrete ; to 
 conceal ; to cover over ; to 
 
 J-n m&i" 82 
 
 •^S 673 y 
 
 harbour ; to lay up. 
 
 mai°-cng; to inter in a gmve. mai" t6 th6 tdi ; 
 bury in the ground. mai" mia", mit s6°; to 
 
 conceal one's name. cc kii cu mfii" mut khu ; 
 after a lapse of time, it decays in the soil iu 
 which it lies. mai°-wn i ; hold a grudge 
 
 against him. mai°-h6k a pia"-be, td tang i ; 
 dispose troops in ambush to lie in wait for 
 him. siu-mAi" ko-ld ; gather up and inter old 
 human bones. 
 
 mai" 162 To wax old ; senile ; aged. 
 
 674 18 ui mHi" k&i nang ; one ad- 
 vanced in years, ta" ce lau-mSi" le, to bp 5ng ; 
 am now old and useless. 
 
 — mak — 
 
 raak 85 To spot ; to stain ; to defile. 
 
 686 Y mak tieh iu; spotted with 
 grease. chi'u mai" mak nah-sap ; do not get 
 your hands soiled. 
 
 |ll| mak 109 The eye ; a principal man ; 
 1^ 607 a leader ; an index ; a list 
 or summary ; squares on a chess-board ; meshes 
 of a net ; the mind, the perceptions ; a look ; 
 to eye ; to designate, to name ; to particularize, 
 mak-ciu ; ma^-ciu-jin ; eyeballs. mak-bai ; 
 
 eyebrows, mak kha-phue ; eyelids, mak clii- 
 mp°; eyelashes. mak lia"; mak lia" kut ; the 
 sockets of the eyes. mak khuang ; a circle 
 
 around the eyes, mak than, mak bue ; the 
 
 inner and outer corners of the eye. mak kai 
 peh-jin ; the white of the eye. mfik kai o-jin ; 
 the iris. mak kai sien-nang-thau ; the pupil 
 of the eye. mak-cap ; tears, lau mak-cap ; to 
 weep. mak sai ; mucous or pus from the eye. 
 mak-ciu thia"; sore eyes. mak siap ; sleepy, 
 mak leng-ceng ; wide awake, mak chie" moh; 
 
 m 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 373 
 
 has cataract, m&k e slm-mih su? What have 
 you to do in the immediate future? kim mfik 
 lai-ciang ; stone blind, with apparently fault- 
 less eyes. mak-ciu che"-me"; blind. s5 mak 
 bo chin ; a stranger in a strange land, m hah 
 mak ; not according to my taste. hah rank ; 
 pleasing to the eye ; suiting the taste, nifing, 
 cek m&k c€k m&k ; the net has meshes, niak- 
 16k; an index, list, or summary. mak kira- 
 
 kim id ihdi"; looking with unwinkijig eyes. 
 ni4k bie-bie ; squint-eyed. sia mfik thoi" i; 
 glanced at him. mak hap-bua ; clo.«e the eyes, 
 mak hap rh mi°; his eyes are not shut tightly, 
 mak peh-khui lai thoi" ; open your eyes and 
 look, mak-ciu tie°-phu ; look upward, mak- 
 ciu cai mo" ke ; look downward. bo min bo 
 mak ; is very indistinctly drawn. kiia mak- 
 kia°; wears spectacles. si kua iang mak, a si 
 mak hue ? Does he wear them to protect his 
 eyes, or because his sight is dim ? mak cam- 
 chiah ; eyes weak. se" mak-cam ; has a sty 
 
 on the eye. mak toa liap ; mak khang khuah; 
 has large eyes. thoi" nang bo to mak kah ; 
 
 look upon with contempt. sieh ni jip mak ; 
 
 kindness has no good effect on him. thoi" ra 
 cie° mak ; look upon superciliously, sio-mak ; 
 numbers ; statistics. chut sim-mih toi-mak ? 
 What theme has been given out for the essays ? 
 i SI khue m^k chut sin ; he rose to office by 
 merit, not by purchasing a post. i mak tang 
 bo nang ; he regards nobody. mak coi" ho 
 
 Are the immediate prospects good ? ju mak 
 tng cai ; has long ears and eyes ; is not easily 
 gulled. eng i to co ju mak ; employ him as a 
 detective. mak bo uang huap ; does not 
 
 regard the laws. sang mak leng-lai ; sharp- 
 sighted, m&k kau-ham ; heavy lidded eyes. 
 i kai mak ho ; he has good eyesight ; is quick 
 to perceive. mak kun-si ; near-sighted, tok 
 mak; one eyed, choh mak ; cross-eyed, mak 
 ch^-cha ! Your eyes are of little use to you ! 
 mak sin ; the expression of the eye. llh mak ; 
 an eye with a defective lid. nih mak ; to 
 
 wink. thi°-kong nih mak ; it lightens, tek 
 mak ; the joints in bamboos. ci kp pang se" 
 m&k ; this board has knots in it. kha mak ; 
 the ankle bone. chiu mak ; the wrist bone, 
 
 tui mak; the head of a company or squad, 
 thau mak ; the head man. twn ieh ta" ce 
 
 Buh mak cu. tong chiu ; made an agreement 
 that as soon as the wink was given they would 
 lay their hands to it. sub mak, ham i mai"; 
 winked to him not to do it. i kai mak 
 
 ce suh i cu cai ; he knew as soon as she gave 
 him the wink. mak kak ; the corner of the 
 eye. mak ku-kA ; mak cha-ku cha-ku ; the 
 
 eyes fixed and staring. 
 
 — mang — 
 
 -J-* mang 187 A pinnace ; a long boat. 
 jnt ^80 8 th&u-mang-ciin; a small junk. 
 
 mang 142 Mosquitoes. 
 609 9 pua" mang ; jfo mang ; 
 drive out the mosquitoes. chih mang; fumi- 
 gate and destroy the mosquitoes, hun mang ; 
 smoke out the mosquitoes. Ham mang-hun ; 
 burn pastiles to drive away the mosquitoes, 
 tio mang-tie"; hang up a mosquito bar. b6i 
 ki mang-ko lai ko mang; buy a mosquito- 
 trap and catch the mosquitoes. mang-teng; 
 a lamp which draws in and burns up mosqui- 
 toes, bo bun, bo mang ; no gnats nor mosqui- 
 toes, mang kS,u ; the mosquitoes are very 
 thick. min cek ti'am cek tiam si mang-chui a 
 m si ? The little dots all over your face are 
 mosquito bites are they not ? mang hng- 
 hng-kie; mosquitoes buzz. mang cuh hueh ; 
 mosquitoes suck blood. khut mang ka kku 
 kai lau ; bitten by a mosquito so as to have 
 a great blotch raised. sa° ju tieh mang hueh ; 
 the tunic has a daub of mosquito's blood on it. 
 kai ci" mang tkng tieh to m-ai" ! If a mosquito 
 has stung the cash you won't take it ; you 
 are very exacting in regard to the quality of 
 the money you take. am chi mang ; fierce 
 mosquitoes that do not buzz. 
 
 mang .142 A large serpent. 
 679 12 mang cua ; a python with 
 yellow scales, found in Yunan and Anam. 
 cheng raang-phau ; wear a robe having a python 
 embroidered on jt. ju khu kue mang-sua" 
 
 hie"-se"; like cressing the mountains among 
 which the pythons live. 
 << 
 
 mang 159 Pertaining to funeral obse- 
 
 1039 7 quies. 
 cp mang-si ; compose a funeral chant or monody, 
 mang kp ; a dirge. mang lin ; funeral scrolls, 
 mang-tek ; a large banner in black and white, 
 or blue and gold cloth, hung between two staffs, 
 and used as a funeral decoration. i ci pang 
 
 kai sng su siu u jieh coi mang-tek ? How 
 many funeral banners did they receive during 
 these obsequies ? 
 
 mang 61 Regardless of etiquette ; 
 679 11 perturbed and therefore 
 unable to attend to business, 
 lu-mang ; heedless ; rude ; inattentive and un- 
 trustworthy, cho-mang; brusque ; blunt, i el 
 cho-mang kai nang, m si iu°-siu kai nang ; he 
 is a boor not a refined person. cp su lii-lii 
 
 mang-mang, cng kai m ceng-sbi ; does things 
 in a blundering way, with no eircumspectioni. 
 
374 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 M 
 
 mang 64 To pull ; to draw toward 
 1039 7 one ; to tug at ; to haul at. 
 mang i ua ko ; hold on to him and make him 
 stay. mang m cu ; could not hold it by tug- 
 ging at it. mang lai, leng khu; pull and push, 
 mang i kfii pi"; pulled his queue. mang Ra" 
 
 ku; holding on to the flap of her tunic, mjing 
 kin-ki'n, b6 i khu; held on tightly and would 
 not let her go. hSin kuu mang khf hii ; pulled 
 it up roots and all. mang i kai thuu-mp"; 
 
 pulled her hair. mang sqh ; haul in a rope, 
 mang hue-tng ; turn around by pulling at. 
 mang tlo ra6°; pluck out the feathers. 
 
 ilyr^ ra&ng 61 Hurried ; busy ; distracted 
 I L» 578 8 Avith care; fluttered, 
 sim mai° m&ng ; do not be fluttered. c5 cie" 
 mang, ki" khu tl-kp ? Where are you going in 
 such haste? i co-ni huang-huang raang- 
 
 mang ? What is she bustling about so for ? 
 huang-m^ng khi-sin ; started off with great 
 precipitation. ce u 8U tieh mfuig ; as soon as 
 anything happens she is flurried. lien mang 
 cu khu; hurried off. eng i id pang m&ng; 
 
 employs him to help in the press of business, 
 mftng-kip kfti si-hau ; when urgently pressed 
 for time. sira mang, i Ivvn ; fluttered and 
 
 confused, mftng-m&ng la b6 kh4 khieh niueh ; 
 in such a hurry that I did not stop to get my 
 things. 
 
 m&ng 140 Vast and vague, like the 
 578 6 expanse of the ocean, 
 mang-m&ng toa hai, ciig kai si cui ; as far as 
 the eye could reach was one expanse of water, 
 thoi" tieh mio°-mio° mTtng-mang khu ti kp 
 chue? Where could one go to look for it in the 
 illimitable space? si li'o mio°-mfo" m^ng-mang, 
 lu cai leng-hun u to kp a bp ; after death all 
 is vague and ohscure, and we do not know 
 whether the soul exists or not. 
 
 m 
 
 mang 112 mUng-sio ; crude salt-petre, 
 579 7 sometimes mixed with 
 nitrate of soda and alumina. 
 
 ^^ mftng 142 Fierce ; brutish ; trusting 
 J^^ 574 19 to strength alone; unrea- 
 sonable ; beyond reproof. 
 
 au-raang ; savage; fierce ; dangerous, i k6 k^i 
 nSng maug c8,i ; the people there are very 
 barbarous, si-mang; willful, passionate, i kai 
 nang iu tio lu mang; he is both passionate and 
 unreasonable. mang hie"; uncivilized towns. 
 
 >||EI mSng 120 A net ; a web ; netting. 
 JfY^ 1045 ^8" cek tie" mSng; one net. 
 lau mang kai hu ; a fish that escaped the net. 
 thut Ifo Ip-mfing; escaped from the snare, pha 
 
 rnHug ; let down the net. tie" mSng ; spread 
 a net. kit m&ng ; to make a net. ti-tu kit 
 mang ; the spider makes a web. mSng tieh 
 
 cek blie tOa hii ; caught one large fish in the 
 net. cek mftng ne tl"-tl", tiii rri khi ; the net 
 was very full, so that they could not draw it 
 up. cek mftng pha cin ; caught the net full, 
 eng mang-phe° lai phe"; take a netted kerchief 
 and gather them up in it. mJlng to; a netted 
 bag. 
 
 Il-v m&ng 145 Long robes. " 
 'I 3GI 4 cheng khu, tng-mSng- 
 ni&ng ; dressed in a very long gown. 
 
 mftng 86 To dream ; to see visions ; 
 
 GIG 11 dreams, of which diviners 
 make six classes ; a phantasm ; obscure. 
 mSng-ki"; dreamed, mftng to m kha ; I never 
 dreamed of it. mftng Ifti ^ng-ng1am ; the 
 
 dream came to pass. jit sle", m6" mftng; 
 
 think of it by day, and dream of it by night, 
 mftng tlo; a prophetic dream. c6k tie" tOa 
 
 mftng ; one long dream, mftng-mtto" kai su, ra 
 h(5 sin ; it is a visionary scheme, do not place 
 any confidence in it. khui mftng l5 ; open the 
 obscure road ; cheer the spirit of the departed 
 on its way to the other world. che" khi lai, 
 io si mftng; I awoke, and behold it was a 
 dream. ak mang; nightmare. put slang 
 mftng; a bad dream. mftng tieh kai hd 
 
 mftng; had a pleasant dream. uiing so" j& 
 
 mftng ; life passes like a dream. 
 
 mftng 120 Slow ; leisurely ; tardy ; 
 247 9 ]ate. 
 til hd mftng ; it admits of no delay, ien-mang 
 kku ta'; delayed until now. chi-mang no jit ; 
 put it off two days. mang-raftng ai° cp ; will 
 do it after awhile. mftng-mang kia"; walk 
 
 very slowly. kia" mftng ce, thfti ua; walk 
 
 rather slowly till I catch up with you. jii 
 
 mftng jii ho ; the more slowly the better, ia ili- 
 hp khah mftng; neither should it be too late, 
 khua" mang to ho ; it is not pressing; to do it 
 leisurely will answer. 
 
 >fct mau" 20 To wrap up; to bundle up. 
 t^J 663 3 i ui huang, kai thau-khak 
 mau" kau mi"-mi°; she is afraid of the wind, 
 and has wrapped her head up closely. 
 
 t:|^ mau" 82 The covering of animals ; 
 
 J^ 580 the tare of goods. 
 mau"-pe°; mau"-pin ; a flaw ; a defect in an 
 article; a failing; a queer way; an idiosyncrasy, 
 i kai mau"-pe° si cie°-.se''; that is what is the 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 376 
 
 trouble in it. keh tieli i kai mau"-p!n i cu 
 cliwn in; if you go contrary to his whim, he 
 will have nothing to do witli it. i pheng-si u 
 kai niau"-pe"; he formerly had an ailment, sin 
 teng u s!m-mih mA,u"-pe" ? What is the matter 
 with her ? chak thoi" i kai mau"-pe" si to ti- 
 ko ; examine and see where the trouble lies, 
 man" jieh coi kun, ceng jieh coi kun ? What is 
 the weight of the case and wrappings, and what 
 the weight of the goods themselves ? 
 
 mau" 140 High, rank grass used for 
 581 5 thatching houses ; white 
 striped grass; thatched ; lowly, 
 pgh man" kun ; roots of the couch-grass, used 
 as a febrifuge. khiu lu kio via khui sim teng 
 kfii mau" sak ; beseech you to enlighten my 
 dull understanding. i pat khu 6h m9,u"-sua° 
 huap ; he has been to learn the incantations of 
 the Tauist priests. 
 
 ^ 
 
 mau" 110 A lance with a narrow head. 
 687 chiang-mau"; a javelin. 
 
 mau" 153 The outward mien ; gait ; 
 582 7 style ; manner ; form ; ap- 
 pearance ; habit ; the visage ; like ; similar. 
 inln-mSa" se" lai cSi-se^-ie"? What sort of look- 
 ing person is he ? siang-mau"; general ap- 
 pearance, se" lai cap-hun miii" mau"; is 
 exceedingly pretty, hue iong, gueh mau"; fair 
 as a flower and beautiful as the moon, tieh u 
 loi-mau"; one must be courteous. khu kau, i 
 kSi loi-mSu" ciu-tau cai ; on our arriving 
 there, he received us with most complete 
 courtesy. seng-toa" kai mau" ho ; the actors 
 are well dressed. 
 
 fmau" 13 To go on rashly ; to rush 
 582 7 on heedlessly ; to assume ; 
 to feign ; to presume ; to venture ; to brave ; 
 blind to ; rash ; reckless. 
 
 i si lai mSu" mia" co mong nang ; he assumed 
 the name of a certain person and pretended to 
 be he. si lai mau" jim kai; he is one who came 
 and took upon himself the duties of the post. 
 ke mau" co kua"-hu; feign to be an oflBcial, i si 
 man" ho lai ; he came through the rain. mS.u° 
 hiam ; brave danger. ka-kl chin mau" 
 
 ci°-cleh ; exposed himself to the arrows and 
 stones. kam-mSu" huang hang;' brave the 
 wind and cold, ham i rTi-hd khu miiu" huang ; 
 tell him he must not expose himself to the 
 wind. 
 
 mau" 125 lau-mau"; senile ; old ; aged. 
 582 4 ni-ki lau-mSu"; advanced 
 in years. 
 
 Hi 
 
 — mg — 
 
 m5 30 An interrogative particle, re- 
 572 10 quiring an aflirmative answer. 
 
 si me ? Is it not so ? hd, me ? Will that do ? 
 
 tieh me ? Is not that right ? hua"-hf me ? Are 
 
 you satisfied ? lu ai" khu me ? Are you going ? 
 
 kah me ? Does it suit ? kha m si cie°-se" m5 ? 
 
 Is it not thus ? 
 
 me" 64 To clutch in the hand, with 
 3 9 the palm downward, 
 me" chph iam ; take a handful of salt, me" ke 
 pe mi".hiin loh khu; put in another handful of 
 flour. mai" me" sua-ia ; do not scatter it 
 
 around in taking it up. 
 
 me" 162 Hasty ; hurried ; fleet ; quick; 
 
 823 7 speedily ; urgent ; soon. 
 
 me".me" cu tieh lai ; must come with the utmost 
 speed. cp me" ce ; do it more quickly, mai" 
 khah me"; do not be in too great haste. boi 
 kia" me"; cannot walk any faster. ai" me" pj" 
 co mang ; the more haste the less speed. me" 
 khu, me" lai ; the sooner you go, the sooner you 
 will get back, ai" jieh me" ? How soou do you 
 want it ? 10 me"; speedier. 
 
 me" 94 Fierce; violent ; determined ; 
 ImL 610 8 inhuman; severe; hot, as fire; 
 biting, as wind ; excessive in any way. 
 hxong pia", me" ciang ; valorous soldiers and a 
 daring leader. sua" teng kai me" sia coi; 
 
 there are many savage beasts among the moun- 
 tains, me" ho" loh sua"; a ferocious tiger 
 descended from the mountains. hiie me"; the 
 fire is burning fiercely. hue phuah i me" ce ; 
 fan the fire and make it hotter. me" huang, 
 me" ho ; violent wind and heavy rain, khuang 
 huang, me" ho ; high wind and driving rain. 
 
 Mme" 142 chan-me"; a grasshopper. 
 580 8 chau-me° kha-thui ; spindle 
 shanks. 
 
 me" 109 Blindness ; sightless. 
 
 609 3 che"-me"; blind. i si che"- 
 me" kai nang; he is a blind man. che"- 
 
 me"-ki'a°; a blind fellow. che"-me" sin-se"; a 
 blind fortune-teller. che°-me" u mak-ciu-kng 
 hue khang ; the blind have those who can see 
 to lead them. i si tang chut si che"-me", a si 
 ci Su che"-me" ? Was he blind from birth, or 
 has he lately become blind ? i ci kiii jib cioh- 
 me"; he has been night-blind for these last few 
 days. koi-cioh-me"; night-blindness. che°- 
 m§" koi tph tieh sf nio-chu ; a blind fowl hap- 
 pened to peck into a dead rat; hit upon a good 
 thing by mere chance, kai si che"-me'' ! Your 
 
376 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 eyes are of no use to yon ! khut i ni che"- 
 
 me" khu ; was made blind by taking bis medi' 
 cine. a-me"; tbat blind fellow. 
 
 nae" 86 Night ; darkness ; after 
 
 1080 5 daylight. 
 me"-kua ; in the night. m§* Ing cRi ; the 
 
 nights are very long. roe° t6 cf clani-ciSm 1<5 ; 
 the nights from this tirae on gradually become 
 shorter. c6 rae" kang ; do night work, ciah 
 in§" mfte"; take a night draught of congee, ciah 
 m6"-hng png ; eat supper. nie° ce" kfti Hl-hfiu ; 
 in the stillness of night. hu cGk rae" ua cin- 
 k\° lu ; I dreamed of you that night, kim m6°; 
 to-night. c6 me" hli ; have night performances 
 in a theatre, ca me" b6i At ; 1 could not sleep 
 last night. c6i" jit m&"; night before last. 
 
 t5a c6i" jit me"; the night before night before 
 last, miia" me"; to-morrow night, ftu-jit rae"; 
 day after to-morrow night. ni6"-me"; pai m6°; 
 mui" me"; every night. pua" m6"; midnight. 
 c§k m§"; cong me"; all night. thhng me"; 
 
 throughout the night. jit thba me"; all day 
 and night. lang nje", lang me"; on alternate 
 nights. pe m6"; night watchmen outside a 
 
 camp. die me"; sAn me"; palrol at night, 
 
 huang me"-tftn; beware of night thieves, ti'um 
 me" teng ; night-lamps. sa' ke", pua" me"; 
 
 late at night, nie'-hng, cd-khi; early and late, 
 keh me"; to spend the night. iTi hd keh me"; 
 it cannot be kept over night. lAu i keh kfii 
 ni^"; keep overnight. ci'e" nit*"; night watch. 
 h6 me" chgng ; comfortable nights for sleeping, 
 ciu mg" khakhok; sounds the rattle throughout 
 the night. thakm^'ou; study at night. i 
 hiah to me"-tiam ; he stopped at a lodging 
 house. hiah ktii me"; stayed several nights, 
 ci no m§" gueh kng cfii ; the moon has been 
 very bright these last two nights. 
 
 mg" 72 The dawn. 
 599 4 m6"-ni ; next year. i mfe"- 
 ni ai° tng lai ; he is coming buck next year, 
 
 " 't^r ra§° 140 A sharp point; rays of light; 
 t^ 578 3 a keen edge ; a gleam, 
 cf ki to lo Q me"; this knife has a sharper 
 edge. eng kau bo me", tieh khieh khu bua ; 
 when you have used it till the edge is worn off, 
 you should go and grind it. bua kau ii siam- 
 me" cia" lai ; grind it till it takes a keen edge, 
 then it is sharp. hiie-mo"; sparks of fire. 
 
 hue-me" ko ; a fire-fly or glow-worm. 
 
 feg me" 122 To rail at ; to scold ; to 
 /k'lj 672 10 abuse with vile language, 
 kang cho, lo cho, me" nang ; reviles people, 
 using obscene words. sie me"; to berate each 
 other. i c6-ni m-ui toa nung me"? How is it 
 
 m 
 
 that she does not fear the scolding, she will 
 get from the elders in her family ? jwu me'; 
 scold without just provocation. theng me" 
 
 nang ; abuse people without cause. me" kka 
 b6 ko h(5 ; rail at mercilessly. ki chui kau« 
 
 kau me"; her jaw never ceases. ciu-me"; to 
 
 eurse. nic i rae"; let him scold. 
 
 — meh — 
 meh 80 To bleat. 
 583 6 le meh-meh 
 meh-meh-kie ; bleating. 
 
 m 
 
 sheep bleat. 
 
 meh 158 The tapir, which is said to 
 
 583 11 have the body of a bear, 
 the nose of an elephant, the eye of a rhinocevoa, 
 the head of a lion, the hair of a wolf, the feet 
 of a tiger, and teeth that fire cannot burn, 
 mfih 6i ciah thih, tieh 6ng hiie cia" leng much 
 sf i ; the tapir cats iron, and in order to kill 
 one, fire must be employed. 
 
 mfih 180 The blood running in the 
 
 584 6 veins ; the pulse ; the idea 
 running through ; parentage. 
 
 nng meh; phah meh ; feel the pulse, chfa' sin- 
 se" th6i' meh ; call a doctor to consider the 
 pulse. i kai meh-H ceng cSi ; he understands 
 thoroughly the laws of the circulation of the 
 blood. 6i ki" sf m€h, roe ? Do you discover 
 
 that the disease is likely to prove fatal ? meh 
 Ii sin ; the pulse shows strength, i kai meh hO 
 Be" si iu"-siu ; his pulse is naturally slow and 
 weak. k&i ta&h khah phu-huam cho-toa; his 
 pulse is much too high, i m pat meh ; he does 
 not know how to investigate disease through 
 the pulse. chin hueh mdh ; own kindred ; 
 
 blood relations. ci cie" coi to to si cek meh 
 
 siang seng b5i cham cap ; all the.se many 
 generations are of one blood, without admix- 
 ture from other families. ci kp si cho chut 
 meh kai tl-hng; this is where the family first 
 came from. jip meh, ci c6k cak ngi'a cfii ; for 
 entering upon the argument, this verse is a 
 fine one to take up. tang hueh meh ; of one 
 blood. 
 
 — meng — 
 
 meng 94 Stern ; severe ; cruel. 
 
 610 8 ui-me'ng ; awful ; imposing, 
 sin-sie" ui-meng cSi ; the gods are awe-inspir- 
 ing, bo ui-meng cu m tit nSng ii'i ; without 
 sternness of aspect, no fear is inspired in 
 any one. 
 
 meng 72 Clear ; lucid ; plain; evident; 
 599 T ostensibly ; perspicacious ; 
 intelligent ; illustrious ; splendid ; brilliant ; to 
 shed light on. 
 
 m 
 
DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 377 
 
 ta" m§ng-pgh ; state clearly, meng-meng pSh- 
 peh ki'ii to-li ; a doctrine that is plain. ta" 
 
 chut lai kuaiig-uieng cia".ta,i ; .stated in a clear 
 and straight forward way. raeng-meng to u ; 
 it is evidently so. lia meng-raeng th6i"-ki''; 
 I saw it plainly, siig hun-meng; make a dis- 
 tinct reckoning. kau-meng ; clear headed, 
 chong-meng; quick of apprehension, thia" m 
 raeng ; did not hear distinctly, meng-jit ; to- 
 morrow. 
 
 d|^ m^ng 196 The cry of a bird or 
 "»^ 598 ~3~ animal ; to call out ; to 
 souitd a sonorous note. 
 
 meng wn ; to ciy out for redress. khu kua°- 
 hu ko meng wn ; go to the officials and pro- 
 claim one's wrongs. kua° ce chut ge-mng cti 
 meng 16, pang phau ; as soon as the magistrate 
 left the court, they sounded the gong, and 
 fired a canon, koi mSng kai sl-hau ; at cock's 
 crow. ua u kai cfi-ra§ng-ceng ; I have an 
 
 alarm clock. ko cfe° lang meng ; you can't 
 
 clap with one hand. 
 
 'rt*" meng 14 Dim ; obscure ; cavernous 
 7?> 600 "s" recesses ; nigbt-like ; dis- 
 mal ; the unseen world ; hades. 
 meng-m§ng ; the under world, meng-mdng cu 
 tang cu u cii-cai ; sheol even has its lord. 
 hiu°-meng kai su lang cai ; the condition of 
 things in hades is difficult to discover. 
 
 n^ mgng 108 A solemn declaration before 
 JUL 679 "8" the gods. 
 i kio i si meng hia°-ti ; they are sworn brothers, 
 no n&ng si meng kai ; the two are leagued by 
 oath. tang soi° kiii nang pai meng ; at the 
 
 time when several of us took the oath, to sin 
 min coi" mgng-sl kue kai ; what has been 
 Bworn to before the gods. 
 
 ^f^ m^ng 167 To engrave on metal or 
 3^fl 599 6 stone in order to remem- 
 ber ; to record for the purpose of preserving ; 
 to inscribe on the memory. 
 
 m^ng seng ; an imperial inscription given to 
 ■worthy people. mo"-ci-meng ; an engraved 
 
 epitaph. meng-kam to sim ; engraven on the 
 heart. 
 
 Hfcjl mSng 109 To close the eyes in death. 
 P?^ 600 10 kam sim meng mak; would 
 cheerfully close the eyes upon this world. 
 
 m/v mW meng-leng A caterpillar which 
 WXl '^'\ 600 the solitary wasp is 
 
 said to adopt and bring up as its own offspring, 
 mgng-leng kai kia°; an adopted child. 
 
 >^Y meng 80 To order, to command, to 
 PP 601 5 charge; directions; require- 
 ments; behests; decrees. 
 
 cun meng ; obey orders. sfin i k&i meng kla°; 
 went according to his commands, cf kai kua° 
 kai meng-leng ngiam cSi ; this officer's orders 
 are very strict. Hang ke kak ua" thien meng ; 
 let each do his duty in the sphere where heaven 
 has placed him. thien meng ; fate ; heaven's 
 decree. hong meng ; receive orders, it-it ju. 
 raeng ; everything has been done according to 
 orders. 
 
 -H^ meng 39 Great ; eminent ; senior ; 
 tllt^ 680 ~^ the first month of a season, 
 meng-cu ; the sage, Mencius. cek khui sa° kai 
 gueh hun cp raeng, tong, kui ; the three months 
 in each quarter are distinguished as the first 
 second and third of a trine series, meng chun, 
 meng he, meng chiu, meng tang ; the first 
 month of spring, of summer, of autumn, and 
 of winter. 
 
 — mi° — 
 
 mi" 109 Closed eyes ; eyes shut so as 
 
 600 To not to perceive, 
 mak h§,p mi°-mi'', tiam-tiam gut ; shut the eyes 
 tightly, and sleep soundly, i si li'o raak hap m 
 rai"; after he was dead, his eyes would not 
 remain closed. 
 
 mi" 175 Not; without. 
 
 591 11 i mi" su put ui, i ai" u li tia°- 
 tia"; there is no sort of business he will not do, 
 he cares only for profit. thi" meng mi" sie"; 
 the decrees of heaven are not unvarying. 
 
 \% 
 
 mi" 75 The cotton plant. 
 
 694 8 rai" hue ; raw cotton. khjk 
 mah-mi" chiu kha ko toh mah-mi", lai jip tien; 
 go under the cotton tree and gather some cotton 
 to stuff a cushion with. mi" phue ; a thick 
 
 cotton coverlet, phah phue mi"; to bow-string 
 cotton for coverlets. siang-hai mi"; Shanghai 
 cotton. ie" mi"; foreign cotton. rai" to ; a 
 cotton- bale, mi" se ; cotton yarn, phang mi"- 
 se" kai chia ; a spinning-wheel. 
 
 mi" 162 To delude; to bewitch ; to 
 689 6 fascinate; infatuated ; blind- 
 ed ; stupefied ; besotted. 
 
 pun kiii mi" tieh ; possessed by a demon, hun 
 mi"; hun-hun mi°-mi"; bewildered ; infatuated ; 
 confused. pun i mi" khu ; bewitched by her. 
 mi"-sit lo-thu ; lost his way. i cong-kii cip 
 
 mi", m ngo ; he holds persistently to that which 
 possesses him, and will not shake it off ; he is 
 stolidly and willfully dull. khut rai"-hun kiii 
 khang khu sak tho ; was lead away by a demon 
 
378 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 that blinds and enchants people, and had the 
 orifices of his head all stopped up with clay. 
 
 mi" 119 Soft, pulpy, 
 
 690 11 pu kau rai''-rai"; boil it to a 
 pulp. lu kai mue ai" pu rai" a pu khiu ? Do 
 you want youi* congee boiled much or little ? 
 mr-nua°; rotten. cek sin mi"-mi" nua''-nua°; 
 his body is one mass of corruption. mi° kha- 
 liam ; a decayed shin. 
 
 ^^ mi" 120 Flocculent ; cottony ; fluffy ; 
 n«i> 693 8 flossy; floss, 
 si mi"; refuse silk. si rai" phQe ; a coverlet 
 
 stuffed with unspun silk, mi -ie"; sheep, kio 
 mi" pe°-p6° nng ; soft as unspun silk. 
 
 mi" 198 The short necked deer. 
 
 mi" jong ; elk-horns, used 
 
 ^90 
 in medicine. 
 
 6 
 
 ^ 
 
 an enigma ; a 
 a puzzle, 
 hah mi"; guess 
 
 mi" 149 A riddle; 
 
 691 10 conundrum 
 rkhui mi"; propound a riddle, p 
 riddles. i tah kua kai mi" pe ; he has set up 
 a platform to propound conundrums from, 
 mi toi ; the solution or answer, chfa" mi" t6i; 
 " give it up." cie i kai mi" bun lai thoi", phah 
 ]ki to tieh ; following out the puzzle as laid 
 down in the written statement, the solution 
 is correct. phah mi" ai" fi hue" khio ; in 
 
 conundrums there must be a double meaning 
 in the words. 
 
 mi" 88 Smirking, smiling ; to speak 
 686 9 soft words ; to adulate ; to 
 
 flatter ; blandishments. 
 
 i si thiam-mi nang kfii nang ; he is a toady. 
 
 sien-kio kai cu pit-tia" sieu-mi"; the haughty 
 
 are sure to be sycophantic. thoi" tieh ii kai 
 
 ml   Song ; appears fascinating. 
 
 mi" 199 Wheaten flour. 
 
 696 9 ml''-hue ; mi"-huu ; wheaten 
 flour. mi" pau ; wheaten loaves. mi" tio ; 
 vermicelli made from wheaten flour. phah 
 
 mi"; to make flour, oi mi"; to grind into flour. 
 
 — mia — 
 j^t mia" 30 A name, that which des- 
 -^Pt ^00 3 ignates a person or tiling ; 
 the given name of people, as distinguished 
 from the clan name, and from the style or title ; 
 a person; fame; reputation; a title; credit; 
 merit; renowned; celebrated; well known; 
 nominal ; to name, to designate, 
 cin mia", sit ji ; the true name. khiu mia"; 
 
 seek fame. cia" mia"; correct name. mia°- 
 sia"; mia"-sek ; fame, reputation. toa mia°- 
 
 sia" kai nang ; u mia" u sia" kai n&ng ; a per- 
 
 son of reputation. ci kia" 8U u sim-mih mia" 
 raak a bue ? Is there any fixed or technical 
 name by which such tilings are designated ? 
 mia" ho, mia" ji ; a name, style or apjjellation 
 taken by a person, firm or company, mia" ke ; 
 a reputable family. lu kie cp sim-mih mia"? 
 What is your name ? mia" se"; name and 
 
 surname. , jii mia", cu mia", kua" mia", tho 
 
 mia"; the infantile, school, oQicial, and common 
 or local names of a person, piet miiv"; another 
 or second name, nek mia"; anonymous, m&u" 
 mia"; take a false name. tiam mia"; to mark 
 off names; to call a roll. 
 
 >J^ mia' 80 Fate, destiny, luck ; one's 
 H|"» 601 5 appointed lot ; the limit of 
 the life of beingfs ; animated ; living creatures, 
 ciah tng mia"; live a long life, ci-k^i h(5 mia", 
 hi^-kai kh6 mia"; the one has a happy lot, and 
 the other a hard one. sng mlu"; calculate 
 
 fates. lun mia"; discourse upon luck, toa 
 
 mia", iii a m-ui ? Do you fear death or not ? 
 i kai se'-mla" t6 lia chiu ; his life is in my 
 hand. bo sin ke, la u 8e"-mla"; those who 
 
 have nothing else, have life. sieh kue mla"- 
 meh; loves it more than life. tftng kiie mia" 
 ua"; it is a case of life and death. mla"-inng; 
 the gate of life, the medical term for the right 
 kidney, or a supposed passage between the 
 rectum and bladder, sie'mla"; make reparation 
 for life taken. phah sf n&ng, min sie" mia"; 
 
 if you kill a man, you cannot avoid paying for 
 his life. i ka-ki wn i poh mia"; he himself 
 
 complained of his hard fate. niai" to suah 
 
 8e"-mla°; do not kill living creatures. mla°- 
 On ; one's horoscope. hai i sang se"-mia°; 
 
 caused him to lose his life. hai mia"; destroy 
 life. kim ku hai mia" ; the tortoise that laid 
 golden eggs, cost its owner his life. 
 
 — mien — 
 
 mien 10 To free from ; to dispense 
 694 5 with ; no need of. 
 kua mien-cien-p4i ; bear a flag of truce. hue 
 mien khut tieh i; spares no opportunity to 
 oppress him. sia-mien i kai cue ; forgive his 
 offense. sai i mien siu kho; arrange things 
 so that she need not suffer. 
 
 mien 19 To force one's self to do; 
 694 7 compelled by circumstances ; 
 to put forth effort. 
 
 mien lak khu cp ; forced himself to go and do 
 it. lu mai" mien-kiang i ; do not compel him 
 to it. mien-kiang i khu cp ; constrained him 
 to go and do it, khi-thau-e si mien-kiang c6, 
 mien-kiang kii cu c3-jien ; in the beginning it 
 is done by constraint, after long constraint it 
 is done as a matter of course. 
 
 ^ 
 
DICTIONARY OF TUE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 379 
 
 mien 195 rnfen-liu; a yellow fish, found 
 594 ~7~ in the sea near Corca ; its 
 sound is fit for making glue. mien-hu pliie ; 
 the sound of the yellow fish. niion-hu 
 
 ka; glue made from the sound of the yel- 
 low fish. 
 
 mien 66 Active; prompt; clover; witty. 
 
 598 7 i kai chai-cheng mlen-ciap 
 cSi ; he is very active in both body and mind, 
 iu mi'en-ciap co lai iu h(5 ; the more promptly 
 it is done, the better. 
 
 A 
 
 mien 61 To commiserate. 
 597 12 llen-mien ; have compas- 
 lien-mien tieh i ; took pity on 
 
 sion upon, 
 him. 
 
 1 ^^ mien 120 Prolonged ; enduring ; last- 
 nV|> 593 8 ing ; uninterrupted, 
 mien-ien ; enduring, lasting. kia"-ui m mien- 
 ien ; fear it will not be permanent. hok siu 
 
 raien-chiang ; may your prosperity and your 
 life be prolonged. 
 
 — mih — 
 
 \fhf^ mih 200 An interrogative particle; 
 /^^S% 602 3 a sort ; what ; whatever. 
 Iu (p CO mih su ? What are you doing? i si 
 sim-mih nang ? Who is he ? hu kai si sira- 
 
 mih raueh ? What is that? Iu kie-cp sim-mih 
 mia" ? What is your name. bo mih ho ; not 
 
 particularly good, u mih su me ? Is anything 
 the matter ? i bo mih ci"; he has not much 
 
 cash. mih mueh i to ai"; whatever it be he 
 
 wants it. cia si mih lie ? What sort of talk is 
 this? bo sim-mih ngi'a ; not very hand- 
 
 some, i sin cie" bo mih song-khuai ; he is not 
 
 very well, 
 thing. 
 
 mih kia" oi ; can do any sort of 
 
 ^ 
 
 To dispense witli ; to forego ; 
 to spai'e ; to avoid ; no need 
 
 min 10 
 
 594 y 
 
 of ; do not. 
 
 mih mueh mi'n ; needs nothing whatever, mfn 
 khau huang, mi'n phak jit ; need not be ex- 
 posed to the wind or the sun. min ta", min 
 teh ; need not be cumbered with burdens, min 
 ti-kau huam cue ; need not become guilty of 
 crime. mia si; elude death. mi'n ng i ciah, 
 fig i cheng; can avoid dependence on them for 
 food and clothing. min ci"; no money is re- 
 quired, min k\°; he need not come in ; (said 
 of a visitor), min lau-tong i ; have no occasion 
 for troubling him. eng hue a min ? Will you 
 •want a light ? min eng tieh ; it is unnecessary, 
 eng a min ? Is it needed or not ? 
 
 |-|4[ min 83 The people; the uninstructed 
 J^V^f 597 T nmss ; the common multi- 
 tude ; the unofficial and unlearned portion of 
 mankind. 
 
 bo cue kai pheng-min ; a commoner, who has 
 committed no crime, si su-min ke, m si kua"- 
 hwn ke ; is of the common people, not of the 
 titled class. kua" min tang lak ; officers and 
 people equally happy. mai" khek-pak liang 
 min, min sim cia" su-hok ; do not be hard 
 upon the loyal people, then the hearts of the 
 people will return to allegiance. cin sim li 
 
 min su ; with the utmost « devotion manages 
 public afPairs. liang poi" to si lia ka,i ciji-mia ; 
 both parties are alike my people. kun min 
 
 nang teng ; men of all classes. i to co kun 
 
 min hu ; he is a military officer who acts also 
 as a civil officer. cek pang liu-min hph coi 
 
 nang; a large tribe of nomadic people. cek 
 
 khun lang min ; a company of vagrants. ngo 
 min ; the unlearned. mai" gai tieh nang kai 
 min ku ; do not interfere with the dwellings 
 of the people. 
 
 min 109 To sleep ; to close the eyes. 
 
 594 5 min-chiig; a bedstead. M 
 ai" ni pang min-chiig ki" a min-chng tdi ? 
 Do you want to sleep on the front, or on the 
 back of the bed ? ua°-pang min-chiig phin ; 
 
 lean against tlie head-board. pang to min- 
 
 chiig kha ; set it down beside the bed. rain- 
 i°; a couch, a settee. min-chiig hue"; the foot- 
 board of a Chinese bedstead. min-chiig kai 
 ti-tu teng ; the frame supporting the tester of 
 abed, min-chng thio ; bed-posts. min-chiig 
 thek ; the rungs joining the legs of a bedstead. 
 
 "pEr min 176 The visage, the countenance; 
 |ja4 595 ~0~ the front ; the top ; the 
 surface ; the side toward one ; face to face ; in 
 one's presence ; honor, character, reputation ; 
 the look of a thing ; to front, to face ; to show 
 the face ; to see one ; personally ; a classifier of 
 mirrors, gongs etc. 
 
 min-miig ; the human face. cie" min, e min ; 
 the upper and under surfaces. iSi miu, giia 
 min ; the inner and outer surfaces. tang toi 
 kau miu cek ie"; the same all the way through, 
 bo toi bo min ; no difference between what is 
 on the surface and what is below. cia" min ; 
 the proper face. hwn min ; the reverse, 
 
 phang min ; the sides. Su min, coi" min ; the 
 back and the front. pe" min ; a flat surface, 
 khuah min ; a broad surface. tui min ; oppo- 
 site, hiang min tong ceng ; with entire 
 frankness ; openly. tng min kio i ta°; told 
 him so to his face. ceng nang thia" lio, min- 
 min sio thoi"; when they all heard this, they 
 
380 
 
 DICTIONAKT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 gazed at each other. min ai" cp o, li ai° cb 
 
 (hi"; will have the outside of black, and the 
 lining of blue. rain hue <ng; face turned the 
 other way. tng thau tui n)in i7i cai thoi"; did 
 not see what was directly in front of him. 
 ruin coi" kai sua"; the mountain ahead. i kia" 
 thfiu-min-col"; he walked ahead. hwn kiie 
 
 hie" p6i" nun ; turn it over on the other side. 
 c6k min fsi°, cek min i-fl-h'; talking while get- 
 ting ready. ci'a s! th6i"-ki° lu kai min-hun ; 
 this is out of consideration for your good name, 
 i k6 kau b6 min bo ra&k ; he is so daubed up 
 that you cannot see his features. niang min; 
 pull the short hairs off the face by rolling a 
 cord over them, buah kau cek min liiin, peli- 
 p6h ; smear it on till her face is white with 
 powder, i k^i min phue k&u kue cloh koi-l5 ; 
 the skin on his face in thicker than a stone 
 pavement ; he is very brazen, min phue p6h ; 
 thin-skinned ; sensitive. b6 cheng min ; un- 
 willing to oblige. ce ki° min cu hua"-hi; was 
 plea.sed as soon as T saw him. min-p6; a towel, 
 mln-thang ; a wooden wash-basin, min-ph^n; 
 a metal wash-bowl. min-puah ; an earthen 
 
 wash-basin. ju min ; rub the face with a wet 
 cloth, miu cia mi"; the face closely concealed, 
 chiara cie" min, me' i ; to point the finger at, 
 and berate. bp min bp Ifl ; no plan to it, as 
 to a house or grounds. b6 min mak ho ki° 
 
 n&ng ; ashamed to see people. thi-mla ; the 
 esteem in which one is held by others. b6 
 
 thi-min ; has no standing in the minds of 
 others. i cek si bp min si tng ; he was com- 
 pletely abashed at the moment. phu to cui 
 min ; floated on the surface. pi" min ; to 
 change countenance. sfo-H kau min ang-Ung ; 
 blushed for shame. thia" li'o min ang-k6ng- 
 chiah ; blushed when he heard it. kin kau 
 min che° rain lek ; pale with rage. phah hue 
 min ; paint the face in bright colors. tie o 
 min ; blacken the face. ch le min chie min ; 
 smiling, kng rain ; no ornamentation ; a plain 
 sui'face. i" chng min ; a round flat top. 
 6i min jii tieh nah-sap ; the outside of the shoes 
 are daubed with mud. che° min ; easily of- 
 fended ; an unfamiliar face. min khak ; a 
 mask, a visor. phue rain ; a counterpane, 
 khoi min ; the surface of the river. hp-min 
 ph^ng ceng ; the water courses are safe and 
 unobstructed. hai min kai huang toa ; there 
 are high winds at sea. peh-khi lai po-rain 
 thit-tho ; went on deck for recreation. ngk 
 min, sek sim, thai n^ng ta°; a stupid look, a 
 cunning mind, and the courage of a murderer. 
 tl phi" min, ti phi" phak ? Which is the right, 
 and which the wrong side ? ciia min ciia pue 
 to hd si'a ; both sides of the paper may be writ- 
 
 ten upon. ti min ; the extent of land. p6 
 min, p6 phak ; the right and the wrong side 
 of cloth. aug-kiii" min ; a face like that of a 
 doll, gp-fing rain ; oval faced. chie min ho"; 
 a smiling villain. iii rain ; bashful. u nang 
 min ; has an extensive acquaintance. thoi" 
 
 tieh sek min sek min ; he has a familiar look, 
 liah min sek ; study physiognoray. sek min ; 
 an intelligent face. kok min; an unintellect- 
 ual face. seng-li rain ; the look of a busine.ss 
 man. chl njin ; the appoamnce of one who 
 
 will get customers, min au-au; sullen looking, 
 min him-him ; a grave look. siiai" rain, suai" 
 min ; an idiotic look, min hue"-hue°; a brutal 
 look, min ngi-ngi; a pleasant look, min che°- 
 pSh; a sallow look, min kdk-kok; a dull look. 
 rain chi-kiiak chi-kuak ; a hankering look, 
 min pit-pit ; a broad face, min tkra-te tkm-te; 
 a bloated look, cl mlu cl min ; an stolid louk. 
 b6 llen-min ; of no repute. kia-kwn min ; an 
 aristocratic face. chfii-sln-la min ; a face like 
 that of the god of wealth. min se" lai pii-kui 
 hong-hiia; a face that indicates future pros- 
 perity. th6i" i kai min tie" cSi-se"; see what 
 sort of face he has. laa-slt min ; an innocent 
 face. mln-h6ng ak ; a wicked look. cng-kfa° 
 min ; a peaked face. rain ju raiia" gueh ; a 
 
 face like a full moon. kun-cu min ; a refined 
 face. rain h6-t0 ; an expressionless face, 
 
 min thi-thf ; an 0{>en countenance. be min ; a 
 long face, tang-kue min ; a face like a winter 
 squash. 6i-chio rain ; a face like a shoe- 
 
 horn. kia"-mlu kia°-min ; a bright reflecting 
 surface. min o-o, chiu h6-h6 ; black face and 
 bushy beard, thoi" kau i ki min le ; look him 
 out of countenance. th6i°-ki° i kp min cu 16 ; 
 hated him at first sight. cie°-si kai min sph- 
 koih ; looks very haggard lately, cui-min cui- 
 rain ; an irabecile look. i go kau min ng-ng ; 
 he has starved till he looks cadaverous. min 
 kai sin-khi; the expression of the face. i kai 
 min kai sin-khi cheng, hu kai rain kai sln-khi 
 cuak ; he has a pure expression, while the other 
 has a gross look. rain-h§ng se° lai chin-chie 
 i ; his face resembles hers. min-mSu" jien i 
 
 &i; he looks like his raother. min-nek ; com- 
 plexion, rain-nek iu"; a delicate complexion, 
 rain-cie" se" hue"-nek ; has a rugged face. si 
 min, poih hng ; on every side. sang min ; no 
 min ; both front and back, hie" p6i° rain ; the 
 other side. cie" poi" min ; this side. i kai 
 chii si min lam ; his house faces the south, 
 kau ci kp cu khui min ; at this point the 
 country becomes more open. ciu-jit cp to pho 
 min ; aits all day in front of his shop. se" lai 
 che"-rain lio-ge ; has a pale face and tushes ; 
 ki" tieh min cia"-cia°; appears very timid. m 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 381 
 
 thoi" ceng ralii, thoi" hut rain ; does not look 
 at the faces of the priests, but at that of 
 Buddh. a phua ruin, a phiia rain ; like an 
 
 old woman ; nothing about him to excite 
 resf)ect or fear. cu-nie niin ; an effeminate 
 
 look. ta-po rain ; a masculine face. rain 
 
 hong-jCin ; fresh looking. 
 
 — Hiio" — 
 
 raio" 115 A second in a degree ; a ten 
 692 4 thousandth ; minute, 
 gueh si sih chit hun kah si mfo" lak hut; in the 
 eclipse of the moon, the shadow extended over 
 Beven minutes, four seconds and six tenths of 
 a second. 
 
 jj\\ mio° 88 Cleverness. 
 
 \y 592 4 khio-raio"; penetration; sharp- 
 ness of insight. i kai khio-mfo° ho cSi ; he 
 has great quickness and depth of penetration, 
 i sui-si soi, sim si khio-niio"; though he is 
 small he is very astute, bo khio bo mfo" ; has 
 no insight. 
 
 J>l« mio° 85 Vast ; vague ; boundless. 
 
 *\y 692 9 niiV-mio" m^ng-mang, bo 
 sua" b6 su ; a boundless expanse with no land 
 in view. 
 
 ^IV raio° 75 Obscure, somber ; mysteri- 
 
 H 1076 T ous. 
 mio"-maiig kai su ; a mystery. mio"-mio'' 
 
 mang-mang ; unintelligible; dark and vague ; 
 nothing to be guided by. 
 
 mio° 140 To look down on ; to treat 
 
 592 14 haughtily. 
 mio"-si nang ; look upon people with disdain. 
 i khah mio°-si i ; he treated him too contempt- 
 uously. raio°-si nang thai sim ; excessively 
 supercilious toward people. 
 
 "Jl* mio° 140 Descendants ; progeny. 
 pi4 691 ~5~ cf kai si i kai mio°-i ; these 
 are his descendants. sai kau i boi tng-c6h 
 
 kuii-mio°; so that he may not be without 
 posterity. mlo°-kia°; the aborigines in Kwei- 
 chau. sek mio"; half civilized aborigines. 
 
 che° mio°; savage aborigines. 
 
 mio" 94 A wild dog, or jackal ; 
 
 1076 10 applied by the Cantonese to 
 a tribe of aborigines living in the north-west 
 of the province, and reputed to have tails. 
 mio°-jin ; raio°-cu ; mio" kia"; the aborigines 
 of Canton province. 
 
 "nns mio" 38 Wonderful ; mysterious ; 
 !!{y 592 T subtle. 
 
 au-mio°; hard to fathom ; occult. mio" S ! It 
 is wonderful ! 
 
 — mlt 
 
 85 To destroy, as by fire ; to 
 10 obliterate ; to exterminate ; 
 
 rait 
 
 693 
 to cut off. 
 
 mit-tio i kai kok ; destroy their kingdom, 
 chau-mit cf chph hiii" liii ; exterminate those 
 outlaws. mit-c6k i kai ceng lui ; cut off hia 
 po.sterity. rait kau b6 ciah ; destroy so as to 
 leave no trace. tu chii mit-buang ; brought 
 ruin on himself. 
 
 m 
 
 mit 85 To put an end to. 
 
 598 5 tim-ralt ; utterly destroy, 
 tim-mit nkng kai sin ; destroy people's confi- 
 dence, tim-mit nang kai ngun ; make way 
 with people's money. tim-mit khu jieh ku, 
 kau ta° cia" chut lai ; was lost for a very long 
 time, and has now come to light again. 
 
 W^t- mit 203 Meditation ; to commit to 
 >»V> 605 4 memory, 
 niit-si ; a spiritual revelation. mit sia jfi ; 
 
 edicts written from memory. mit cu ; books 
 commited to inemory. mit lai boi ta°; recited 
 from memory without mistake. tng si lu iu 
 mit- rait, bo ngan ; at times when you are lost 
 in thought. mit liam ; recite from memory. 
 
 tj^\ i"5^fc f2 S(!cret ; privately. 
 g I I 596 8 ki mit; the occult cause, 
 mit-mit khu co ; went and did it pi'ivately. co 
 8U m mit cu koi siap-lau ; what is done other 
 than secretly easily leaks out. 
 
 — rang — 
 
 a rang 49 A sign of the past tense. 
 278 jit rang am lio, co-ni biie cti 
 png ? The sun is already down, why is it that 
 supper is not yet cooked ? ua rang si m cai, 
 
 lia a-si cai cii bo cie°-se°; I knew nothing about 
 it, if I had known, it would not have been so. 
 i rang to CO, lu si th6i°-r7i-ki° he" ? He was 
 sitting there, did you not see him ? lu hie" 
 ua" lai : i rang i°-keng khu lio ; how late you 
 are in coming : he has already gone. lu ta" i 
 raua°-ca ai" lai, i ta" rang lai lio ; you said he 
 was coming to-morrow, and he has already 
 arrived. i rang khii ni'n kp lio, lu cp-ni tin-tp 
 lai ci ko ? He has already gone to your house, 
 how is it that you on the contrary have come 
 here ? 
 
 mng 72 Evening; late in life; the 
 1038 7 gloaraing; late; behindhand, 
 kau rang ni cia" tit cu ; late in life had a son. 
 ka-ki cheng-cp rang-seng ; calls himself "Your 
 servant." kin ni k&i rang tang ; the last crop 
 of this year. mai" tang kau sie" siu-hue le, 
 
 cu khah rang ; do not wait till you are sorry 
 
382 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 for it, for it will then be too late. ca mng cu 
 a ; sooner or later it will be so. ca mng no 
 
 kue tang long-cong h<5 ; the early and late 
 crops of the year were both good, mng-chang; 
 supper, a term used among native Christians 
 for the Lord's Supper. ca mng kak ciah no 
 ci°; takes two cash worth of it morning and 
 evening, i a-si kheng koi-hue hue-thau, hwn- 
 lio boi mng ; if he is willing to repent and 
 reform it is not yet too late. 
 
 ■^t- f ; mng 88 For the time, just, merely. 
 ^1-1 432 5 c6 11 mng co, m cai huh 5ng 
 me ; can make it aft^r a fashion, but do not 
 know whether it will be fit to use when it is 
 done. tk" li rang ta", lia sle" i m thia"; as for 
 that, I can tell him, but I suppose he will pay 
 no lieed to what I say. eng li mng 6ng i, m 
 cai i c6 tit l&i m5 ; I can employ him for the 
 time being, but am douhtful whether ho can 
 do the work. mng-hun kiie jit ; just barely 
 
 manage to get along. 
 
 m 
 
 9 Sign of the plural of persons. 
 
 8 !a mng ; otlicial attendants. 
 
 th&k cu mn^ ; 
 
 mng 
 
 677 
 Beng-U mng ; merchants. 
 
 students. a cong mng ; constables. a ptin 
 mng ; clerks in the yamun. hu c§k mnj; k&i 
 nang to m-h(5 kau-chap ; it is not well to 
 associate with those people. tl c6k mng to 
 
 m-ui ; fears no sort of people. ci c6k mng lia 
 clu kia", hu cek mng b6-siang-kang ; the.se I 
 fear, but those I am not concerned about. 
 
 HH mng 169 A gate ; a gateway ; a door; 
 I ^ 676 a house or the family in it ; 
 an entrance, an opening ; a harbour ; a sect ; a 
 profession ; a class ; an occupation; in anatomy, 
 a short duct or passage ; a classifier of cannon 
 and of affairs. 
 
 ci'e" ning ; guard the entrance. phah mng ; 
 
 klik mng ; tiak mng ; to knock at a door, 
 khui mng ; open the door. kue" mng; shut 
 the door, chiia" ning; latch the door, cheng 
 miig ; bar the dooi*. kit mng ; bolt the door, 
 hoi" mng ; pull the doors together, tau miig ; 
 set the door in its sockets. huang mng; seal 
 up a door, so mng ; lock the door, mng hJim 
 a hoi"; set the door ajar. no phi° toa mng; 
 
 two large doors. siam mng; movable doors, 
 forming a partition. thengrang; window 
 
 shutters, c6i° mng ; the front door. Ru mng; 
 the back door. mng-kia"; small doors, thai 
 pheng rang; an open doorway. khui tong 
 
 niiig ngeug-cih ; open the main door and 
 receive him there. kia" kak rang jip khu ; 
 
 entered by a side door, kta" cia° rang a si kia" 
 phieu mng ? Do they use the main door or a 
 
 side door? wn-mng; doors beside the main 
 one at the entrance to a yamun. toa" phi" 
 
 mng ; a door of one leaf. i" mng ; an arched 
 doorway. lung-kang mng ; a grated door, 
 
 chut rang ; to go out of doors ; to be out ; to 
 be married, jip mng ; to enter the house. r6 
 mng ; siung mng ; to batter down a door, 
 cuang mng; to break in a door, kiah ning ; to 
 pick oj^en a door, lerig mng; push open a door, 
 miig khuang; door casings. mng tau ; door 
 frames. mng bS,i ; the lintel. mng toi"; the 
 threshold, ning kha khQ ; the socket in which 
 a door turns. ning chua"; door latch. mng- 
 hwn ; the rings through which a Chinese door 
 is locked. c6k h&p mng; a double door, ning 
 si' Xn ; behind the door. po-mfig; hatchway. 
 Ian mng ; entrance to an upper storey. pa»g 
 mng ; bedroom door, cau e mng ; the kit<.'hen 
 door, cau mng ; the door of the kitohen range. 
 huang-16 mng; stove doors. rain miig; the 
 
 face, miig kha khau ; outside the gate. ning 
 kha ; by the door. c6 miig-tie"; tng miig-khau ; 
 to be steward, butler or major-domo; a facto- 
 tum in the employ of a gentleman, cf khf su i 
 eng k&i m jip miig ; he shows no aptness at all 
 for this sort of thing. 16 cai thia" mnur ; you 
 sit up and be ready to open the door, miig-sln; 
 the god who guards the gate, miig-p&i ; door- 
 plate. P^"g ***" ning phau ; fired off three 
 cannon, mng-mng to hio; he is a jack-at-all- 
 trades. tl cek mng i to pat ; he understands 
 a little of every sort of business. i cwn mng 
 c6 ci kia" su; lie makes a specialty of this 
 business, mn^ lo ; openings for trade or work. 
 mAg-seng; mng-thu; mng-jin ; a follower; a 
 disciple, mng-ho ; households. khu i ko pai 
 miig ; go to him for patronage. ni^g P*o > 
 mng 16i ; a fee to the porter, miig-tau ; atten- 
 dants on a district school inspector, pun rang ; 
 the anus, sua" mng; the mouth of the womb, 
 tiii min mng; the opposite door. i ci hue b6 
 rang bo lo ; he is now without resource. ue 
 ta" khii bo mng h(5 jip ; there was no chance to 
 enter into the conversation. ciii kwu rang ; 
 the place where a stream disemboges. m cai 
 se"-si rang ; does not know which way danger 
 lies, khui mng pang cui ; open the sluice, and 
 let off the water ; produce a circulation of the 
 fluids. kang rang ; entrance to a canal, port, 
 or harbour. hong tieh i kai hi°-kia° mng ; 
 boxed him on the ear. lo ning khah oih ; the 
 opening is too narrow. khiu mng ju chi ; 
 sought his door in numbers like tho.se going to 
 a fair, cie" rang; approached the door. kau 
 i rang ii jieh ku ? How long since she arrived 
 at the house of her husband? thi" khui rang ; 
 there is a rift in the sky ; good fortune comes. 
 
DICTIONABT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 383 
 
 mng-lau feng ; a roof to protect a doorway, 
 tbap-to inng-lau ; a doorway that juts inward, 
 iarig mng ; a door tliat has no roof above it. 
 mng-lau koi"; a porch or entry, mng-sun ; the 
 tenons on which a door turns. ufti" ning; to 
 Rwing on a door. n\ag mai" iiai" chut, uai° 
 
 jip ; do not swing the door to and fro. ™^g 
 
 khong-khong-kie ; tlie door is slamming. ge- 
 mng ; a yaiuun. ia" mng; entrance to a camp, 
 tin miig ; a gap in the ranks, cek mng cheiig ; 
 a gun. kia" liaiig mng; go in at a private 
 
 entrance. ce mng ; the entrance to a fortified 
 village. nmg-thau ; a door. to ti-kai mng- 
 thau tiu ? By which gate do yon live ? thau 
 kai mng; the first door. ji mng; the second 
 door, pak tniig; the north gate. i kai chiu- 
 mn^ heng ; he is an apt hand at it. chiu 
 
 mng i7i-h<5 ; he is an awkward hand at it. 
 lu thia° i kai ue-mng co-ni ta" ? What do 
 yon tliink is the meatiing of what he says ? 
 nge-mng si cie°-se''; that is a fixed fact, ci 
 kia° su khuah mng, liu kai oih ning ; this is 
 an extensive business, that is o)ie that offers no 
 room for expansion. mm n ng phang ; peep 
 
 through a crack in tlie door, kiu mng tlii-tok ; 
 the keeper of the nine gates of the city of 
 Peking. thi" e u jieh coi ka-ning ? How 
 
 many religions are theie in the world ? cek 
 kai sai-pe ka-mng kai; appreiitices of the same 
 master workman. kije mng jieh ku ? How 
 
 long since she was married ? m ta" nangr kui 
 mng kai sai su ; not talk of people's private 
 affairs. mang-tie" n>ng ; the opening in a 
 
 mosquito-bar. su-hui mng toa cai ; his expen- 
 ditures are enormous. ceng mng, kliara ho ; 
 bangs away at the door, chuekau i bo njng bo 
 ho ; follow him up till he has no way of escape, 
 mng gila ; out of doors. mng ISi ; indoors, 
 ta" khu tiii mng a rri tui mng ? Uid he speak 
 to the point or not? thau pang miig; at the 
 first opening of the doors, the first i-ecess at an 
 examination. mia" mng; a supposed passage 
 between the rectum and the bladder, called 
 " the gate of life ". miig min pai lai li h<5 cSi ; 
 the front is finely decorated ; appearances are 
 well cared for. 
 
 mng 30 To inquire of or about. 
 RJ 1042 8 mng tieh, i cp-ni ta" ? What 
 did he say when you asked him ? mng meng- 
 peh ; ascertain by inquiry. cek mng cek 
 
 tap; anau-wer to each question, cieh mng; 
 inquire respectfully, mng l6; inquire the way. 
 mng kau i kai toi-soi chut lai; investigate 
 thoroughly so as to bring out all the facts, 
 lia chia" mng M ; I beg to ask you. lak mng 
 oil pat ; diligently inquire and you will know. 
 
 mng tang mng sai, miig cio" mng hie"; made 
 extensive and careful inquiry. hfl.k mfig; 
 
 learning; education. 
 
 — m6k — 
 1^^ m6k 140 A negative forbidding an 
 ^/V 603 7 act ; no need of ; a particle 
 exciting a doubt ; if, unless, perhaps ; preceding 
 an objective it forms the superlative; nothing 
 like ; incomparable ; an adjective of comparison, 
 mok-hui si lu ! It surely is not you ! mok ju 
 i kai h<5 ; nothing like so good as his is. m6k 
 sueh si ci'a ke-ci", cCi si cie ce to m b6i ; to say 
 nothing of its being such a price, even if ifc 
 were less I would not buy it. cia sng si m6k sa 
 u kai su; this is something which need not 
 necessarily be. mdk-kue i ai" me" ; no blame 
 to him should he scold about it. m6k kviai i 
 ta"; no wonder he speaks of it. p^t nS-ng cq 
 kai, mok jiak i ; what others make is not to be 
 compared with his. 
 
 H^^ mok 109 Harmonious ; amicable ; to 
 JE 608 8 make or keep peace with; 
 concord among relatives, neighbors, or nations, 
 hua-mok hie"-lin ; a friendly community, hia" 
 ti hua-mok li'o ; the brothers are already 
 reconciled to each other. ang ci'a hua-hua 
 
 mok-mok; husband and wife are incomplete 
 concord. li'ang ke put mok; the two parties 
 do not agree. 
 
 To wash, to bathe, to cleanse; 
 to enrich by kindness ; to 
 
 ^-Jr* mok 85 
 
 t^V (307 4 
 
 receive favors. 
 
 sa" jit Su ai" pai sin cu tieh soi" ce-kai, mok 
 
 iok ; in three days shall worship the gods, and 
 
 must fast and wash the body beforehand, mdk 
 
 kue i kai un ; received favors from him. 
 
 mok 40 Silent ; alone; isolated. 
 
 603 11 sok-mok cai ; very lonely, 
 ciu jit sok-sok mok-mok, bo nang cp phueh; 
 all alone all day, with no one to sit and chat 
 with. 
 
 j^^ mok 93 A shepherd; to care for cattle. 
 'li/V 607 4 mok-su ; a pastor ; a common 
 term for a foreign missionary. mok-thdng si 
 cfe" gu kai a-np"-k]a"; a shepherd lad is a 
 child that watches cattle. 
 
 — mong — 
 
 _JS*' mong 75 Used for a certain person or 
 P'f^ 588 6 thing when the name is un- 
 known, or when respect or caution forbids 
 its use. 
 mong nang to me ? Is a certain person there ? 
 
384 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 ki" kliu radng k6 ; want to go to a certain 
 place. rnong jit, moug ni ; a certain day and 
 year, niong mueli ; a certain tiling. 
 
 m6ng-t6ng Dull, not intelligent. 
 
 ^ 610 m6rig-m6iig toiig-tong, 
 
 mill su Ml pat; lie is exceedingly dull, and does 
 not know anything. m6ng-t6ng cSi, to m 
 
 kliui khio ; very stupid, and seems to have no 
 nse of his faculties. 
 
 nioiig 154 To barter ; to exchange. 
 589 5 m6ng-«^k ; to do business ; 
 to trade; to carry on commerce; interchange of 
 articleH. ni6ng-6k kong pheng; a fair ex- 
 
 change, to r1 l&i to ci kai po-th&u teng inong- 
 6k ; always comes to this mart to buy and sell. 
 
 Hi© m6ng 74 The moon about to set. 
 AJ^C 609 14 gtieh m6ng-m6ng; the moon 
 is dim. giich sek m6ng-l6ng ; the moon looks 
 hazy. m6ng-m6ng I6ng-16ng, th6i" m hln ; 
 very hazy, so that one cannot see distinctly. 
 
 m6rg 149 A stratagem, a device, an 
 587 9 artifice; to plot; to con- 
 trive, to plan ; to deliberate ; to obtain. 
 m6ng hai; to plot against. k6i-m6ng; scheme, 
 i am-ce" radng hwn; he secretly plotted rebel- 
 lion. m6ng pu t6 nftng, s^ng ku t6 thi"; man 
 proposes, but heaven disposes. ci kla" su 
 
 l&i ni6ng-Ai khu sfing ; let us plan for this till 
 it is accomplished. ci'a ci" si ua kio i th6i 
 
 ra6ng-ui kAi ; this money is some that I con- 
 trived to obtain for him. mong diai kii suah ; 
 m6ng chAi hai raia°; murder for the sake of 
 gain. in6ng suah ; to plot murder, si i id cO 
 ni6ng-cu : he was the contriver of the plot, 
 tl-tiang cii-ui6ng? Who contrived it ? mia'- 
 ke k&i m6ng-s-ti ; clever advisers. iS I'ong bo 
 m6ng ; has courage without cunning. m6ng 
 se"; contrive to get a living. ci kfii n&ng sira 
 Q niong-liak ; this is a man of many devices. 
 
 V^^ mong 140 Ignorant; to behave rather 
 ^^ 608 10 rudely ; an affected term 
 for thankful, grateful for favors ; a pupil ; a 
 child. 
 
 th6ng-m6ng ; a lad. ra6ng-k6 nfing ; Mongols, 
 said to be an imitation of moemjel, celestial, 
 to mong lu ai°-sieh ; many thanks for your 
 kindness. mong chii ; am obliged to you for 
 your custom, (a shopman's phrase). mong- 
 hun ; confused in mind. mong-miSe"; igno- 
 
 rant ; not enlightened. 
 
 y^^ "long 85 Fine drizzling rain with fog. 
 i^V 608 14 ho mong-mdng ; misty rain, 
 kai thi" raong-mong, cng kai si ho ; the sky is 
 thick with fine rain. 
 
 m6ng 109 Dim sighted ; nnable to see 
 609 14 from age; indistinct vision, 
 from disease of the nerve, as in amaurosis, 
 mak ra6ng-m6ng; nnable to perceive objects 
 clearly. cui-ngan ni6ng.l6ng, thoi" i7i tia°; 
 
 seeing double, as through intoxication. 
 
 mdng 64 To feel for or after ; to feel 
 603 11 around. 
 m6ng III tieh ; I cannot get hold of it. chiu m 
 h^ mdng ; do not lay hands on it. ai" mong i 
 kai tli&u khak clu si ; he wants his head, tliati 
 is it. ce sp-m6ng i, i cQ hua'-hi; he is pleased 
 when one strokes him. 
 
 V^ 609 
 
 112 m6ng-c!eh ; a shaly bole, a 
 
 14 micaceous schist of a fine 
 
 quality prescril>ed in cases of derangement or 
 
 6ng m6ng-cieh lai kun tlo i kai tliAm ; 
 
 fits. 
 
 n.se this 
 plilegm. 
 
 micaceous schist to break up the 
 
 mSng 186 To flourish the limbs. 
 
 1062 8 mSngklara ; fencing, mong 
 thfii; to brandislt a mallet. m6ng to ; to 
 
 flourish a knife. mSng thfii hue ; to perform 
 with a club. mdng tin-pfti ; to fence with a 
 
 shield, kha t&h, chfu mdng ; to perform as a 
 harlequin ; to stamp the feet and flourish the 
 hands. mdng kau h6k ; made postures until 
 he was tired. 
 
 mdng 140 mdng-seng; luxuriant, chla- 
 589 5 bak mdng-seng; the shrub- 
 bery is thick and green, ci cang hue khui l&i 
 mdng-seng cfti ; this plant is blossoming very 
 luxuriantly. 
 
 — mg° — 
 mo" 140 Ferns and wild grasses. 
 681 6 chau-mo"; ferns, sua" teng 
 se" kai mo" chau ; the wild plants that grow 
 on the mountains. ci khi mp" kie cp hong, 
 
 biie-mp"; this species of fern is called the 
 phenix-tail. 
 
 mo" 64 To rub, pat or smooth with 
 
 602 11 the hand. 
 mp°-.sp kau i hua°-hua° hi-hi; smooth him 
 down till he is in good humour. mia°-ke mp"- 
 sp nang ; has the art of molifying ill temper, 
 khut i ce mp"-mp" sp-sp cQ hau°; when he has 
 been conciliated suflSciently he will consent. 
 
 mp 39 A contraction of m-hd, not 
 1037 ^ good ; badly ; unsuitable ; 
 amis. 
 
 hd a md ? Is that expedient or not ? is! md 
 nang ; he is a bad man. mp cie" se" cp ; it ia 
 not well to do thus. md sng ; do not trifle. 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 385 
 
 "jfc^ mo" 75 A pattern ; a model; a guide 
 1^ 605 n togobj. 
 kui-mo"; a precedent ; usages ; rules. m6"-Ie°; 
 a pattern ; a model. i co-iii cu bu, cng kfii bo 
 kui bo mo" ? Why is it that in all sorts of 
 affairs, he follows no rules nor precedents ? 
 
 •ry^^ mo" 82 The covering of animals or 
 Li 580 "o" birds; hair; fur; feathers; 
 down ; the nap of felt. 
 
 thau-mo"; hair of the head. cfo mo"; the 
 
 feathers of birds. ie"-mo"; wool, tu cang nio"; 
 the bristles of swine. klio mo"; fine hairs on 
 the skin. thau-mo"-kia"; short soft hairs on 
 the head. se°-mo", se"-mo"; hairy. tu-kha- 
 mo" kueh in cheng-khih ; the bristles on the 
 pigs' feet have not all been scraped off. chiu 
 mo" pin peh ; hoary hair and beard. bue hwt 
 mo"; unfledged, tho mo"; the hair that he had 
 at birth mo" khek ; has curly hair. mo" 
 
 joiig jong ; downy feathers; fluflFy hair. mo" 
 cho tio ; tho hair is coarse. mo" ju-ju ; hair 
 
 uiikenapt. mo" lo nge ; stiff bristles. thau- 
 khak kng-kut, bo mo"; the head quite bald and 
 shiny. mo° in"-tio iu°-tio ; very fine soft hair, 
 mo" luah kau kng-kng ; stroke your hair very 
 smooth. mo" iam-Iara ; hair sleek and glossy. 
 mo"-chau ngia ; beautiful thick fur. i ceiig 
 
 lau nio", ta cang a biie ? Has she let her hair 
 grow long, and done it up in the style of a 
 grown woman yet ? siu thau-mo"; comb the 
 hair, mo" kng chng; hair-glands in the flesh. 
 i bo mo" cu khu ke cang; having no hair, he 
 put on a false queue, mo" cak-cak ; thick hair, 
 or fur. go mo" kng; a goose quill, ci" mo"; 
 the feather of an arrow. koi-rao" choi"; a 
 
 feather broom. ah mo" si"; a fan made of 
 
 ducks' feathers. 
 
 mo" 194 A malignant spirit ; a devil. 
 
 602 IT mo" -kui ; an evil spirit, io- 
 mo"; a sprite ; a spook. kio huang-mo" sau- 
 sin hie"-se"; like a witch. 
 
 mo" 19 To call upon the people to do. 
 
 606 iT mo" pia"; to raise troops, mo" 
 long; enlist volunteers, mo" hue; to circulate 
 a subscription paper. 
 
 jgl^ mo" 50 A screen ; a secretary. 
 >f|^ 603 n tie"-mo"; a curtain. cp mo"; 
 act as clerk. to cong-tok kp tng mo"; he is a 
 clerk in the viceroyalty. m5"-in, mo°-pin ; a 
 private secretary. 
 
 mo" 72 The decline of life. 
 606 11 ni-cong siie-mp" kai si-hau ; 
 when in the decline of life. 
 
 m6" 32 A burial spot ; a tomb. 
 606 11 phun-mp"; a grave. saa 
 
 to sweep the tombs, at the spring wor- 
 
 mp" 61 To look upon with affection. 
 
 606 11 ngiang-mp"; to regard with 
 affectionate respect. su-mp" tieh pe-b(5 ; fond 
 of one's parents. 
 
 ^§^ rnp" 74 Hope ; expect ; look for. 
 3E^ 1045 7 hi-mp"; hope. phang mp°; 
 expectation. sit rnp"; lose hope. b6 m5"; 
 
 hopeless. bp so mp"; nothing to hope for. 
 
 cph rnp"; cut off hope. u mp"; entertains a 
 
 hope. mp" ku lio ; long hoped for. cng kai 
 bp ho mp"; without the least hope. hi chut 
 
 mp" gua; joy beyond all expectation. ua t(5 
 
 mp" id lai ; I was hoping that you would come, 
 mp" kau am tni?-lng; looking with neck out- 
 stretched, mp" ci nio" hu ; gazing hither and 
 thither. jim mo", rap" rri cheng-chd ; gazed 
 
 long and vainly. mo" tieh kua-kuii ; looked 
 
 and saw it close by. cek mp" bo ci ; a bound- 
 less view. mak tie" phu khu mo"; raised his 
 eyes and looked. mp" lai mp" khu ; look to 
 
 and fro. mp" ki"; looked off and beheld, mp" 
 iTi ki"; gazed but could not discover. mp" tit 
 ki"; looked and saw. mp" kui" mp" ke ; look 
 high and low. mp" coi" mp" Su ; look all 
 around. mp" si-phi", mp" boi tit i kau; 
 
 looked on every side to see if I could not see 
 him coming. 
 
 — raph — 
 mph 130 A film ; filmy. 
 603 11 i kai mjik chie" mph ; he 
 
 has a film growing over his eyeball. la-mph; 
 the mesentery. ti-tau mph ; the thin skin on 
 the meat of peanuts. put kue cek teng, ng 
 
 mph-moh ; nothing more than one layer, and 
 that very thin indeed. keh teng mph ; a thin 
 film, between the layers. nng mph ; the tliia 
 membrane lining the shells of eggs, keh mph ; 
 to become indifferent toward. i no nang iii 
 
 sim-mih su ti-kau keh mph ? What is it that 
 has caused the two to become indifferent to 
 each other ? keh mph jieh kii lio cia" leng- 
 
 fia" siang hp ; there was a coolness between 
 them for some time, and then they again be- 
 came very friendly. 
 
 — mua" — 
 mua" 50 A mantle or shawl ; to wrap 
 
 673 5 mua" kai mua"; wrapped in 
 a mantle. hwn mua"; a foreign shawl, ci" 
 
 mua"; a woolen shawl. mua" kai ho-mua"; 
 
 wore a rain cloak. 
 
386 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 ^j^M rniia" 85 Full ; replete ; Btuffed ; fiill- 
 iH^ S75 11 uess; pride; to fill; to 
 sull'ue; to complete; to fiuish a set time. 
 n3uu"-si-chti to u ; tliey are to be found every 
 where, cek cai mua°-raua"; a full cargo, jira 
 inua" tliSo kue pat ko ; when his term of office 
 expires, he is removed to another post. miia" 
 kliau eng H^ng ; all readily responded in assent, 
 kill iniia" a hue ? Is the time up yet ? niua" cO 
 cie siin, khium cu siu iah ; tlie presumptuous 
 bring on their own calamities, the humble 
 receive the benefit. raiia" pak biin-cie"; pro- 
 foundly learned. chong miia"; the entire 
 circuit ; the whole round ; to till completely, 
 mua" sim hua°-hi ; wholly content. mua"-tl- 
 kp ; everywhere. 
 
 m 
 
 tm Ti 
 
 mua" 72 To-morrow. 
 
 699 4 miia^-jit; raua"-ci; mua"-khf; 
 to-morrow. mua°.khl-ca; to-morrow morn- 
 
 ing. mua°-e-kua; to-morrow afternoon. miia°- 
 me^-hng; to-morrow evening. mua°-kli^, thi° 
 kngcii; to-morrow morning at daylight, nina"- 
 khi, cie" piia" ki.a; to-morrow forenoon, mua"- 
 me"; to-niorrow night. mua°-me°-am ; to-mor- 
 row evening. mua°-jit.tau ; to-morrow noon. 
 
 200 Hemp ; plants famishing 
 textile fibers ; hempen; sack- 
 cloth ; mourning apparel. 
 
 niuu" p6 ; sackcloth. koih mua"; to pull 
 
 liemp. mAa''-kut; the pith of the hemp stalk, 
 sang kha sang chi'u b6 kio mua''-kut lije" toa; 
 Lis legs and arms are not so large as hemp 
 stalks. mua" soh ; hempen ropes. ng-mua"; 
 the yellow hemp. mua" jin ; hemp-seed, ceh 
 mua"; to hatcliel hemp, mua" iu ; sesamnm oil. 
 8ua"-se"-mua"; wild hemp. hu-mua"; flax, 
 
 grown in Chihli. cU mua"; sesaraum. iu- 
 
 mua"; the hemp from who.se seeds oil is made, 
 iu-mua" hu ; ground hemp seed, mua" pang; 
 cakes made from hemp seeds. cu-raua" kp ; 
 
 cakes made chiefly of .sesamum seeds. hue 
 
 mua"; toa mua"; the castor-oil plant. toa 
 
 mua" jin ; castor oil beans. cu-mua" cie"; 
 
 ground sesamum seeds, used by cooks. 
 
 HS mua" 109 To deceive ; to hide from ; 
 PiTl 575 11 to impose upon. 
 mua''-pli]en ; to deceive. mua" raak, phien 
 
 phi"; delude the senses. lu mai" mua" via ; do 
 not conceal the truth from me. sit put sie 
 
 mua"; I will hide nothing from you. Iti mua" 
 ua i7i kue ; you cannot hoodwink me. put kixe 
 mua" cSk si ; cannot keep up the deception very 
 long. mua" siang put mua" hia ; can hide it 
 from his superiors but not from his inferiors. 
 
 njj'^ mua" 195 A large salt water eel. 
 »S3C 575 11 mua" hu ; an eel. boi c^k 
 kho mua" hu ; buy a slice of eel. hai mua"; 
 
 pea eels. peli mua ; the white eel, lo mua ; 
 eels that travel on land. o-!u-mua"; fresh 
 
 water eels. mua" p6 ; dried eels. mua-sng- 
 ki'a"; very young ells. 
 
 — mue" — 
 
 >^^ mue' 80 A distributive particle, each, 
 'il* 686 8 every ; each one ; any one. 
 raiie" jit, mue" mS"; every day and night, miie' 
 tng; every meal. miio" nang; every one. 
 
 raue" kla"; every sort, miie' su ; every affair. 
 
 sles. 
 childt 
 
 mue" 104 The measles. 
 671 8 chut mfic"; have the mea- 
 les. a-no°-kia" hue ciah mua" t(5 k6 ; the 
 
 children liave caught the measles. 
 
 rode' 85 Mud. 
 
 030 6 th6-kau.m{ie" ; th6 mfie" ; 
 j mud ; pasty soil. sai-kau-miie"; mud from a 
 j sewer. hO-liu kang th6-mue"; the fresh water 
 ! eel burrows in the mud. 
 
 mue" 119 Congee. 
 97 6 pu m&e"; cti mfie"; to make 
 congee. mfie" ai" kfit a ai° chieh ? Do you 
 
 want the congee thick or thin ? 
 
 K^ 
 
 mfie* 72 Dark; obscure; difficult to 
 586 6 distinguish things; the mind 
 not clear about a thing. 
 
 mQe" sim kai su m-hd cp ; one should not do 
 what is against his conscience. mue" png 
 
 sim ; deceive one's self. mue" liang sim ; to 
 confu.se one's perceptions of the right. i kfti 
 sim am-mue"; his mind is darkened. niong- 
 mfle"; unable to perceive clearly ; befogged. 
 
 miie" 194 An ogre, or demon bruto 
 586 6 of the woods ; a brownie 
 
 with a man's face and four legs. 
 
 sia-raut"; a vicious satyr; a fiendish beast. 
 
 miie* 40 
 687 9 
 peug; one should not take what he dreams 
 as evidence. 
 
 To rest from labor and dose, 
 mang-miie" kai sii ili-h(5 
 
 m 
 
 miie" 88 A younger sister. 
 686 5 a-mue" kia"; a little sister. 
 soi mue"; the j-oungest sister. hia°-ti ci'-mue"; 
 brothers and sisters. leng miie" ke ti-kp ? 
 
 Into what place is your sister married ? pie 
 ci'-miie"; female cousins of different surnames, 
 mue" sai ; younger .sister's husband. kit pai 
 cp ci-mue"; adopted by each other as sisters. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 387 
 
 — mueli — 
 mueli 93 A thing, matter, or sub- 
 1065 4 stance ; anything between 
 
 heaven and earth ; affairs of life ; a creature, 
 
 a being ; persons. 
 
 miieh-kia"; artii;les. eek kia" mueh ; an article. 
 
 bo sim-inih much to liu toi ; there is nothing 
 
 at all in there. kai siin nmeh ? What is it? 
 
 hu kai kie-cO sira nifieli ? What is that called ? 
 
 nang-inueh ( oi ; there was a great crowd. 
 
 ciah niueh ; edibles, bdi raueh-ciah ; buy food. 
 
 mueh kak u cii ; each thing has its owner. 
 
 mueli-ngiap ; possessions ; goods ; personal 
 
 property and real estate. thoi" tieh bo mueh; 
 
 does not appear to be anything of consequence. 
 
 toa-bo-mueh ; a great deal, nah-snp mueh ; a 
 
 filthy object, boi mueh ; to make purchases. 
 
 hak much ; buy things to keep, bvvn mueli ; 
 
 everything. tak-JQiig tio mueh ; wastes things. 
 
 ak mueh; tak mueh ; virulent ulcers. 
 
 mueh 55 To handle ; to manipulate ' 
 569 4 to work at ; to do with the 
 Lands. 
 
 mai° mueh tio ; do not ruin it by handling it. 
 c)e° coi jit co-ni mueh biie ho ? How is it that 
 after so many days it is not yet done ? ju 
 
 mueh ju bo Sng ; the more I work at it, the 
 worse it is. lu hd khu mueh ; you go and set 
 it to rigrhts. 
 
 mui° 123 Beautiful ; good-looking ; 
 
 586 8 excellent; delicious; happy, 
 mui"-nng ; a pretty girl. mui^-jin ; handsome 
 women ; a belle, mui°-bi; toothsome, si i cek 
 tfig kai mui° i ; it is a kind thought of hers, 
 miii" tang u tiam put cok ; there is a little thing 
 lacking to his complete happiness. tai-mui"- 
 kok ; the United States, miii" su; a delightful 
 affair, kun-cu seng nang cu miii"; good-breed- 
 ing tends to the attainment of what is good. 
 
 mui" 60 Small, trifling, insiguifi- 
 1050 10 cant, mean; minute, fine; 
 in a slight degree ; too ; rather ; hidden, 
 subtle, obscure, recondite, abstruse ; waning ; 
 to dwindle away. 
 
 mu.i°-bio kai to-li ; a doctrine hard to fathom, 
 kang-kiu kau soi-mui" cSi ; explained it very 
 minutely. i kai meh mui"-.s6i ; her pulse is 
 
 very low. mui° chie ; a faint smile, ho mui°- 
 kia"; ho mui"-mui°; a drizzling, fine rain. sia° 
 mui°-mui°; a weak voice. hien-miii''-kia" a 
 
 microscope. put kiie cek tiam mui" i ; only a 
 small token of gratitude, lu^-nmi" lu^-mui"; 
 very minute. i kai ji ne mui"-mui° ne ; the 
 letters are very small indeed. 
 
 104 A prevalent disease, or one 
 4 attended with unusual symp- 
 
 mui° 140 chiang-mQi"; the crape myrtle. 
 1050 18 pSh-mui°; swallow-wort. 
 
 — mut — 
 mut 30 The corners of the mouth; 
 1042 4 speech. 
 
 m hah khau mut; your lips and the corners of 
 your mouth do not match ; your evidence is 
 contradictory. ta" lai khau mut hd ; the 
 
 testimony given is satisfactory. oh kau kdi 
 
 sin-cheng khau-mut sio cai; narrated in such a 
 way as to give a vivid impression of the affair. 
 
 ^^pJ mut 
 
 TX 1095 
 toms ; an epidemic 
 un-mut pe°; a pestilence. hu kai ti-hng un- 
 mut; there is an epidemic prevailing in that 
 region. khu sia, tok mut; expel the evil 
 
 influences, and drive away the plague. ti un- 
 mut; cure the plague. 
 
 y// mut 85 To perish ; none of; gone. 
 »>C 606 4 cek e ku cu mai°-mut khu; 
 after a while it decays in the soil. mut-ieh ; 
 myrrh, a name imitated from the Hindustani. 
 
 mut 78 To end ; to die ; the dead. 
 
 606 4 si'a meng i kai pe-bd chun 
 niiit ; write explicitly whether his parents are 
 living or dead. mut ki m ka" buang un ; so 
 
 long as I live I shall not forget your kindness. 
 
 — mwt — 
 
 "zfc^ mwt 75 Least and last; insignificant; 
 
 ^PV ^604 1 the end. 
 
 pun mwt; origin and end. mui° mwt; atomic, 
 mwt cai ; exceedingly small. li-sek mwt cSi ; 
 the piofit is scarcely any. niwt-mwt ne ; very- 
 insignificant, sim si mwt thang; earned 
 hardly anything. mwt si ; mwt jit ; the end 
 of the world. 
 
 — na — 
 
 '^^ na 64 To lay hold of; to seize; to 
 -J-^ 610 6 get an idea of ; to appreciate, 
 pho lai si ti-tiang td na su ? Who is manag- 
 ing affairs in that shop ? tieh chue i td na su 
 kai nang cia° ii eng ; you must seek the one 
 who had the management of the affair, and 
 then it will be of some use. i td c6ng-na sio- 
 bak ; he has the sole charge of the accounts, 
 hin-khek si i td na khwn ; at present it is he 
 who holds the authority. 
 
 na 163 An interrogative particle. 
 
 610 4 na li cai ta" i pit-tia" lai ? 
 How could I know that he would certainly 
 come ? ta" na li ue ? What sort of language 
 is he speaking ? 
 
 ii^ 
 
388 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 vKJv n^ 76 a forest, a wood, a grove. 
 ^'^^ 540 4 i cau jip chirn sua" na Ifti khij 
 tiam ; he ran and hid in the woods among the 
 mountains. jit ce km do cu khu (au na ; as 
 Boon as it is dusk, the birds go and nestle in 
 the copses. hu kp cek phai chiu na ; there is 
 a forest there. 
 
 na 118 Bailed baskets. 
 
 502 14 hue na; a flower basket, chl 
 n& ; market baskets. le na ; a cmdie. tie" nft ; 
 a long, shallow basket carried into the exam- 
 ination hall. kQa° kai na khu boi chj\i ; took a 
 basket and went to buy vegetables. i k4i ke- 
 hde na ii cab Kii a b6 ? Did he bring his tool 
 basket with him ? 
 
 '5 nS 80 To singe ; to scorch ; to born. 
 
 503 14 ntt llo i kai m6°; singe off its 
 feathers. khut hue nS kau chiali-pauh chiah- 
 pauh ; scorched brown. nS kau chiu kai phft 
 klif lai ; burned his hand so that it blistered. 
 
 ^jZC na 118 A rope made of splinths. 
 ^P^ 370 6 bih-na ; a bamboo cable, 
 kliioh tio bih-na hii pak; get a rattan cable and 
 fasten it. lu si ai" tiara hiie-na a si tfum teng- 
 naiig? Are you goin^ to light the splint torch 
 or thejantern ? ci kai tieh Q t5a-t6a tio kai 
 na cia° lid poih ; there must be a very big cable 
 for this then it can be towed. cAn-nfi; a boat 
 hawser. cfin ai" cle" thua" to si eng nft pak 
 
 Ifo lai tiii; in ascending the rapid.s, a cable is 
 fastened to the boat and then it is pulled over. 
 
 lY^ "^ 7^ To occupy a position. 
 /i^ 1118 4 ai' pang na ti-kp ? Where will 
 you put it ? cheiig na sin-teng ; wear it on 
 
 your person. ti na thau teng ; carry it on 
 
 your^^head. i kai ue thia" Ifo khng na sim lai 
 & ta chut; on hearing what he says keep it 
 m mind, but do not mention it. 
 
 — nah — 
 
 nah-sap Dirty, filthy, soiled, foul. 
 ' M„ ^'^^ nah-sap cfti; very filthy, 
 nah-sap «ie-; slovenly. eng kau ceng-ceng 
 
 nah-sap ; the dust has settled on it till it is all 
 a mass of dirt, khieh koi-m6°-ch6i", khu ch6i° 
 tio nah-sap ; take a feather broom and bush off 
 the dust. cgk sin k6 kau nah-nah sap-sap ; 
 
 be IS plastered with dirt. Me" nah-sap tieh 
 
 ktn s6i ; so dirty it must bo washed. 
 
 m 
 
 nai 
 613 
 
 88 A lady ; the wife of a man of 
 2 position and wealth. 
 
 a toa nai ; the eldest brother's wife, in a rich 
 family. ji nai, sa° nai ; inferior wives of an 
 
 official. SI ia nai ; the wife of the fourth son 
 of an official. su nai ; madam ; lady. a-nie 
 a-nai ; ladies. 
 
 "Tf* nai 4 An adversative particle, it 
 yj G12 i may be. forsooth, then, 
 bp nai put khd ? Is it then quite impossible ? 
 cf kai nai si i a-hia°; this then is his brother. 
 CO kau i kue i, nai klie'ng khu ; if things sur- 
 pass his expectations it may be he will go. 
 
 nhi 155 To blush, to turn red, but no* 
 615 4 with any desire to reform, 
 i nai-nai "5, eng kki ru-iii si'o-H; he turns red 
 when detected, but is destitute of a moral sense 
 of shame. tk* tieh, i nai-nki ne ; when you 
 
 speak to him about it, he hangs his head iind 
 ciianges color. kai min nai-nai ne, ut bd 
 
 k6 khu ; blushed and did not know which way 
 to turn. 
 
 nfti 154 To rely on ; to trust in. 
 
 600 9 bd nfti cu thu ; a loafer, a 
 lazy fellow, a uselefiS chap. chwn nfti i kfti 
 
 lak ; depend wholly on his strength. 
 
 l/hi^ nfti 75 A yellow plum. 
 7J> 613 5 thp, If, nfti sa" le" tl le" h(5 ? 
 Which is the best, a peach, a red plum, or a 
 yellow plum ? 
 
 nfti 126 To bear with ; to endure ; to 
 613 8 suffer; to forbear; patient, 
 ti-tiang nfti tit khu ? Who could put up with 
 it ? ua nfti ni khu ; I cannot endure it. hftu- 
 8e°-kia° nfti kua°, nfti juah ; young people can 
 bear cold and heat. khak-kh6 nfti ke khiin- 
 kfa"; bear it a little longer. lang nfti ; un- 
 
 endurable, cin-cin nj-hd nfti; really not to be 
 borne, m nfti sdi ; will not bear washing, nfti 
 kii ; durable. m nfti kii ; not dui-able. m nfti 
 cheng; will not last long when worn. jfm- 
 
 nfti ; exercise patience. khak-kho jira-nfti ; 
 
 persevere, and be patient. nfti sng nfti siap ; 
 endure hard.ship. 
 
 ytA^ nfti 37 A remedy ; a resource ; how ; 
 xj> 613 6 what way. 
 
 bo khd nfti hp ; there is no help for it ; conld 
 not do otherwise. bp nfti hp cia" thia" i ; had 
 no other course open to me, and so followed 
 his advice. sim sie" ai° ciah, bp nfti ciah m 
 
 16h ; I thought I would eat it, but I could not. 
 ciang nfti i ho ? What can be done about it ? 
 sng si chut i bp nfti kai ; I must make up my 
 mind to it. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 389 
 
 — nak — 
 
 Ti&k 64 To mix and knead. 
 | nrt 633 9 nak thfam-tlifa?n ; knead it 
 very thoroughly. nak khah toa e ; kneaded 
 into too large a lump. nak mi"-huu co pi'a°; 
 mix flour into cakes. 
 
 ,.   nak 64 To seize with the claws or 
 ,JZ. 497 5 fingers. 
 i sang chill nak ki'n-kin ; clutched tightly with 
 both his hands. chiu ce nak rli kin cu phiu 
 
 khu ; not being tightly gi-asped in his hand, it 
 slipped through. nak (ieh i kai biie ; seized 
 him by the tail. ciah koi-kia" khut eng nak 
 khu; a chicken has been carried off by a hawk. 
 i khut ho" nak kau cek sin chap-chap-chui ; 
 he was torn in pieces by a tiger. kai to khut 
 i nak phua khu lio, hu toi kai tug cii khut i 
 ciara chut lai ; he first clawed open the bowels, 
 and then dragged out the entrails. 
 
 — nang — 
 nang "We, including the hearer. 
 627 cia m si nang kai, si in 
 kai ; this is not ours, it is theirs. nang h<5 
 
 lai khu; let us go. ai° a m, to nang ka-ki ; 
 
 whether we will or not, is for ourselves to 
 decide. i n\ hau" hai" nang, nang lS,i chue i ; 
 if he will not give it back to us, let us take 
 measures for making him do it. nang tai-ke 
 tieh hua-mok; we must all be at peace among 
 ourselves. i thau khieh nang kai ; he stole 
 something that belonged to us. nang cek ciah 
 koi khut i liah khu ; one of our fowls has been 
 stolen by him. 
 
 An&ng 9 A person ; man ; mankind ; 
 286 human ; to ascrilae personal 
 existence to a thing. 
 
 nang-raueh coi ; there is a great crowd. toa- 
 bp-mueh nang; a multitude, hu ko chut u sim- 
 mih nang-mueh ? What sort of people are they 
 there ? toa tl-hng cu chut toa nang-mueh ; 
 
 large places have great people in them. cek 
 khun nang ai" khu tl-ko ? Where are all those 
 people going ? lu thdi^-ki" cek kai nang a no 
 kai nang? Did you see one person or two? 
 choi° nang, bwn nang chue cSi tit tieh ; you 
 will seldom find one such pei'son among a 
 thousand or among ten thousand. nfing se° 
 
 chin-chie" mang ; man's life is like a dream, 
 nang-ke coi, a pho-ho coi ? Are there more of 
 family residences, or of shops ? sim si kia" 
 
 nang ; is very diffident. i siang iii nang ; he 
 is exceedingly bashful, u nang 16 a bo? Was 
 anybody there ? bo nang fo ; there was no 
 
 one there. bo pua° nang to ; there was not a 
 living soul there. khia <p thoi" nang; stand 
 
 gazing at people. phah n&ng ; fight with 
 
 somebody. sX slm-mih nang ? Who is he? m 
 hp cp nang ; cannot be anybody, i i7i si nang ; 
 he is inhuman. huamnfi.ng; whoever, i k4i 
 au-nang ; he is a scurrilous fellow, i si sio-jln 
 nang; he is a low fellow, lu si kun-cu nang; 
 you are a person of culture. nang sim put 
 
 cok ; the human heart is never content, nang 
 ie"; nang khwn ; human kind. thia" tieh ii 
 
 nang sia°; hear the sound of voices. i kai 
 
 nang h(5 ; he is good. hwn-boi n^ng khau ; 
 
 traffic in human beings, ak nang; the wicked, 
 hai nang ; injure people. u nang-cheng ; has 
 a kindly disposition. i u nang-cheng to lia 
 kp ; I am indebted to him for favors. no"-kia° 
 nang ta" toa nang ue ; a child talking like a 
 grown person, ue naug-kia"; paint dolls, hp 
 miig ci kai a-sim nang; let us ask this middle- 
 aged woman, a-mnang; elderly women. a- 
 ma nang ; women old enough to be grand- 
 mothers, au tiie kai a-sd nang ; a young 
 married woman followed on behind. lau a- 
 peh nang; elderly men. a-nte-kia" nang; a 
 young gii'l. lau-a-kong nang; a very old man. 
 hau-se° nang ; young men. Ijiu-nang ; old 
 men. lam-cu nang ; menfolk, hu-jinnang; 
 Avomen folk. cu-nie na,ng ; ladies. a-hia" 
 nang; young or middle aged men. cia nang- 
 nang ai"; this is something that everybody 
 wants, bp nang ai"; nobody wants it. u nang 
 ai"; some one wants it. si ti cek nang ? Which 
 person is it ? nang ta°; people say. kiu nang 
 kai se"-mia°; saves people's lives. 
 
 — nap — 
 
 ap 159 Mellow ; plastic ; yielding. 
 305 4 nek nap, hd cS.i; its meat is 
 tender and juicy, and is delicious. thp khah 
 nap m hp ciah; over-ripe peaches are not fit to 
 eat. th6 nap-nap, ph kia"; the soil is soft, 
 
 and difficult to walk over. ne nng-nap nng- 
 nap ; very plastic, springy, or pliable. mai° 
 thoi" i CO nng-nap, hp ciah ; don't think it 
 is ripe and toothsome; don't think he is to be 
 easily taken in. 
 
 nap 120 To receive ; to take ; to 
 611 4 enter into possession of. 
 ta" khu, nap a ni nap ? Was what he said well 
 received ? 1a° kau i hi nap ; talked about it 
 till he willingly accepted the proposition, i to 
 ciap-nap nang-kheh ; she is receiving visitors, 
 ciap-nap thwn tp-li kai nang ; welcomes those 
 who preach the doctrine. cie°- si jieh nap 
 
 hok ? What good fortune have you met with 
 lately ? nap kai chiap ; take a concubine, 
 
 chie nap ; receive with joy. nap btin to ke; 
 has domestic sorrow. 
 
 Mki 
 
390 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 Dap 149 A reply in answer to a call 
 ,r- 640 ~9~ ororder; assent or approval. 
 1 i°-keng hu-n§,p ; he has already promised. 
 6 in6ng kira nfip ; I am under great obligation 
 to you for your sure promise, i in-n^p kue tia; 
 he has agreed to it. 
 
 nau 112 nau-sa ; a mineral found in 
 617 IT the salt lakes of Thibet; it 
 is impure sal-ammoniac, with traces of sulphur. 
 
 "ff^ nau 61 Anger ; fury ; ire ; to get in 
 ^\il\ G41 5 a passion, 
 nau kiiu ra ciah ; so angry he would rot eat. 
 nau-khi sie' kua°; rage injures the liver, nan 
 mak siang si ; eyed each other angrily. nan 
 chong-chong ; went off in a great rage. tAi 
 
 nau; a towering passion, kfii nau kie-sl c6-m ? 
 What is it that has excited his anger? ndu- 
 hiia i ; enraged at him. hwt nau ; get angry. 
 
 nau 180 The brain ; the head. 
 __ _ 617 '9 th&u-nan; the head. ci 
 
 chph n9,ng b6 thfi,u bd ndu ; these people have 
 no one who acts as leader among them. tl- 
 
 tiang to c6 thftu-nau ? Who acts as the head 
 man ? Su-nau ; the back of the head. nan 
 Su ; behind the head. i ai° kio i kai nau-tai 
 sng ; ho wants him to lisk his head. i c6 bu 
 to bd ku nau-tai ; he takes no thought for his 
 own head, in what he is doing. 
 
 nau 180 Granulations, as in the eye- 
 641 "5 lids ; healthy granulations 
 
 on a sore. 
 
 nau nek ; granulations. khu tio nau nSk ; 
 
 reduce the granulations. 
 
 nSu 64 To sprain ; to wrench ; to 
 ^^ ^ 617 12 twist. 
 i nSu tieh ie ciah kut ; he has sprained his 
 back, i kai kha nJlu tieh ; his foot is sprained. 
 
 t^l nSu 191 Noisy wrangling ; to make 
 InjJ 617 6 a disturbance; to embroil; 
 strife for precedence. 
 
 u nS,u su ; there is a rumpus. ham i mai° to 
 nJlu su ; tell him not to make a disturbance, 
 ciu-jit to si nfiu ciu ; carouse all day long. tSi 
 nS,u cek tie"; a great row. i ce khu cu nSu 
 
 chut su; as soon as he goes, a disturbance 
 arises. ang cia cliau-nJlu mih su ? What are 
 the husband and wife wrangling about ? li'ang 
 ke sie chau-na,u ; the two are berating each 
 other noisily. tS,i nSu hue-teng ; a strife for 
 precedence in a display of ti-ansparencies. nSu 
 
 hok-sek ; strive to make the greatest display in 
 dre.ss. nSn-kia-cu ; make a great display. 
 
 nS,u phai thS.u ; emulate each other in display, 
 nSu phi-khi ; a quarrelsome temper. 
 
 "^JC ^^^ ^ -A- cross bow ; a balista ; it 
 ^^ 641 6 is sometimes made to shoot 
 several darts, and is set as a trap for animals, 
 tie" nSa-c'i" lai sla ho"; set a balista to shoot 
 tigers. bwn nfia cdi hwt; all the cross-bows 
 discharged at once. 
 
 — ne — 
 
 y/^ ne 15 Chill ; cool ; lonesome ; dull. 
 ffJ 606 6 n^ loh ; lonely, nc-ne loh-loh; 
 comfortless, n^-tft"; solitary, thdi" tieh ne-ne 
 tft°-ta"; looks very solitary and lonesomo. ne 
 chie ; smile coldly, phah loh ne keng ; sent to 
 the palace for discarded concubines, ne ngan 
 th6i i ; looks coldly on him. bq ne bd juah ; 
 neither duller nor livelier, but always just so. 
 & ne Q jiiah ; sometimes dull, and sometimes 
 bustling. h&ng ne ; dull, as business. phah 
 ne lift kfti sira-tiig; chills my affections, n&ng- 
 cheng no Iwn ; his feelings are very changeable. 
 
 nS 50 A curtain. 
 
 252 10 n6-8Ua"; toa ne-sua"; an um- 
 breUa having an embroidered valance depend- 
 ing from its edges. 
 
 H"^ ^^ 72 To hang, as clothes on a line- 
 P^ 627 8 nd 8a"-kh6; hang up clothes 
 to dry- 1^^ khut i ph&k ; hang it out to sun. 
 kho m!^. nfi-pang nftng kiie lo ko ; do not hang 
 the trowsers where they will be seen by 
 
 passers by. 
 
 rtCt n§ 80 A particle intensifying the mean- 
 Vw 630 5* ing of the following adjective, 
 ne toa-toa ; very large indeed. ne kng-kng ; 
 very bright, ne am-am ; very dark indeed. 
 
 rtl3 n6 30 An interrogative particle, im- 
 vi^ 630 T plying doubt; an affirmative 
 particle. 
 
 ti-tiang kio lu ta° n6 ? Who told yon that ? i 
 u sira-mih pe" ne? What is his disease ? i co- 
 ni m ciah ne ? What is the reason he does not 
 eat ? cf kai tp-li cp-ni kang-kiu ne ? How is 
 this doctrine explained ? cp hau h<5-hp ne ; 
 
 do it very nicely now. sueh kau meng-pSh 
 
 mSng-pgh ne, khut i thia°; explain it very fully 
 now, and let him hear you. kia" me°-me° ne ; 
 go along very fast now. 
 
 J^XS^ ne 86 An adverbial particle, imply- 
 ^vs% 285 ~S ing certainty ; it adds force to 
 the sense by making a pause at a word. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 391 
 
 i huang-huang ciang-ciang ne cu lfi.i ; he came 
 in a great hurry, i hiong-hiong ne ai" kliu ti- 
 ko ? Where is he going so boldly ? thoi" tieh 
 khiu-khia ne ; appears much debilitated. ta" 
 tieh, i but-but ne; in speaking of it, he smiled, 
 kho-kho ne ; very sad about it. 
 
 — nek — 
 [tti nek 30 To cry and bawl. 
 "_^^ 958 11 tang cek kua to nek tng- 
 thau ; crying the whole forenoon as if he would 
 split his throat, i nek kau au bo nua°, i to rli 
 chai i ; he yells till his throat is parched, and 
 she pays no attention to him. a-no" nek kaa 
 bo sia", 111 co-ni m khu. kio i ; the baby has 
 cried till he is hoarse, why do you not go and 
 take care of him. 
 
 nek 23 To elude search ; to secrete ; 
 
 635 9 hidden; clandestine, 
 nek nua°5 to conceal one's name ; anonymous, 
 si i khu kak nek thi{.p ; it was he who threw 
 the anonymous epistle. khut i chang-nSk 
 
 khu ; hidden away by him. nek sng ; conceal 
 a parent's death and not put on mourning, 
 (a crime in officials). t6-nek khu; absconded, 
 un-nek ; secreted. nek bua ; to keep out of 
 sight. 
 
 yCB nSk 85 Sunk in any excess; to suiTo- 
 i-4^ 635 10 cate ; to doat on. 
 nek ai ; excessive fondness. n6k-ai kfa"-ti ; 
 
 foolishly indulgent to her children, kim n§-ng 
 nek nng; prohibit the suffocation of female 
 infants. tim-nek ; to make way with ; to 
 
 make off with ; to bring to ruin. tlm-nek 
 
 nang kai mueh ; make way with people's things. 
 
 ^j^ nek 167 A barb, or point. 
 
 OT\ 1015 11 ci" nek; the point of an 
 
 arrow. 
 
 HjJ nSk 130 Flesh; meat; the edible part; 
 
 KrJ 300 corporeal, 
 tu-nek ; pork, gu-nek ; beef. ie^nek ; mut- 
 ton, koi, go, ah kai nek, sa" ie° ti ie" ho ? 
 Which is best, the flesh of hens, geese, or 
 ducks? tok-nek-i°; meat-balls, tok-nek-cho ; 
 hash, phien cp nek phien ; cut it into thin 
 slices, coih co nek si; slice it up into shreds. 
 ci liap i kai nek lo kSu ; the pulp of this one 
 is thicker, sek nek pho; a shop where cooked 
 meats are sold. i sng si chin kut ngk ; he is 
 of your own flesh and blood. ta" th tieh tie 
 nek ; he does not touch upon the gist of the 
 subject, ciah lai se" nek ; she has grown very 
 fleshy. nek-sin ; nek-thoi ; the body, thut 
 tio nek-sin ; shuffle off this mortal coil. liu 
 ]ieh chim, cii ki° tho nek ? How far down had 
 
 they dug, when they came to solid earth ? 
 i nek ngan, bo cu, rn pat n&ng ; he is not 
 discriminating in his judgment of people's 
 characters. boi jlp nek ; does not enter into 
 the substance of it. chng jip nCk jieh chira ? 
 How deeply did he puncture the flesh ? ka- 
 kl kai kut nek ; one's own kith, i cie"-si ciah 
 kau sang kut loh nek ; he has lately become 
 very thin. bp nek; fleshless. thong sin b6 
 nek ; is much emaciated. i kai nSk-chai h(J 
 c5i ; he is in fine physical condition. nek- 
 
 thng ; meat soup. 16 cp kiam tu-nek ; pickle 
 it and make bacon. sie n6k ; roast meat- 
 
 nek ien ; the meat is tainted. Id kai nek si 
 cie" a rPi si, lu to chue phah ? You are itching 
 for a thrashing are you not? nek u thang 
 khut nang ciah, kut bo thang khut nang khbi; 
 flesh affords something for people to eat, while 
 bone offers nothing to gnaw. lu ciah tieh hu 
 ho a nek h(5 ? Do you like fish or flesh best? 
 ci kai bp nek bo bah ; this has no meat on it. 
 
 n 
 
 — ng — 
 
 ng 115 Grain in the blade ; shoots ; 
 1070 5 young plants, especially 
 young rice. 
 
 cim ng ceng ; soak paddy to use as seed. p6 
 ng ; set out the young rice plants. mang ng; 
 pull up the young grain for transplanting. 
 
 ng 145 A sleeve. 
 
 586 4 ci kai sa°-ng khah oih ; the 
 sleeves of this garment are too small, ng-khau; 
 cuffs, cah chiu-ng ; roll up the sleeves, chfa 
 chah to chiu-ng toi ; sleeved his hands, khuah 
 ng sa"; a wide sleeved tunic. ka tio chiu-ng 
 cp kah-kia"; cut off the sleeves and make it 
 into a sleeveless jacket. 
 
 /2^ ng 9 To rely upon for support. 
 InJ 279 8 bp nang hd ng; no one to 
 depend upon for support. ai° ng ti-tiang ? On 
 whom shall I depend ? ng tieh i cu go su; if 
 we depend on him the thing will fall through. 
 
 >f~^ ^o Hi -^ column of letters. 
 J 4 207 cek poi" sio th6i° u jieh coi 
 ng ; count and see how many columns there 
 are on a page. cek ng c^k ng sia kau twn- 
 
 twn khai-khai ; the columns are written very 
 exactly and evenly. 
 
 ng 201 Yellow ; the color of earth. 
 
 252 min ng-ng ; very sallow, hg 
 so ; thin and pale. che" ng peh sang ; cadav- 
 erous, ng-puh ng-puh ; sickly looking, ng- 
 sua-pe"; jaundice. mak-ciu 6g-ng ; eyeballs 
 yellow, m kau ng-hp sim m si ; not of a mind 
 to die before having been to the Yellow River. 
 
 M 
 
392 
 
 DICTIONAUT OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 expressing 
 
 iig-han kai fii-hSu ; at eventide. gu-ng ; cow 
 bezoar. toa-ng ; rhubarb. efe" ng be-kua ; 
 reward him by the presentation of a yellow 
 riding- jacket. e nang ciah tieh ng-ngiin ; a 
 
 dumb man taking a bitter tonic. 
 
 ■1-]^. ng 76 The citron. 
 ^•^ 1136 l6 hut chi'u hie"-ng ; the citron 
 called Bnddha's fingers. }iie"-ng chin ; the 
 
 citron tree. hio°-ng cheh ; sliced citron pre- 
 served in sugar, kiam hie^-ng; pickled citron. 
 
 rtljp fig 80 An exclamation, 
 '^J 228 3 dissent, 
 ng, hfa i cp-ni cie"-se" kio lia ta" ? Ah, then 
 why did he tell mo that ? ng, b6 cie"-8e"; in- 
 deed, that is not so. fig, hii t6i pit ti pfit wn- 
 kii ; nay, there is surely some other cause for it. 
 
 — nga — 
 
 ^^^ nga Gl Stupid ; silly ; foolish. 
 jtj^ 114 24 te" nga ; pretend to be idiotic, 
 nga kiii ; nga sin ; nga nang ; a fool. ng6-nga; 
 silly; stupid ; half-witted. 
 
 A^^ riga 9 Tall and strong; robust ; roar- 
 I Cj 1096 8 tial, stately ; imposing ; lofty, 
 i kfi.i nfmg kui"-toa cfti, thoi" tieh ngft-ngS; he 
 is tall and large, and has an imposing presence, 
 sia" chie" slm si kui°, rao° tieh ngft-ngS ; the 
 city wall is of great height, and appears very 
 lofty when you look up at it. kai chu-kak- 
 
 th&u nga-ngS, ; a high gable. 
 
 /[■^* nga 94 To snarl, as dogs do. 
 ^ f:| 1101 7 nga-nga-kie ; nga-ce-kie; 
 snarling. c{ ciah kau io ll-hai, tia° tieh i, i cu 
 nga-ce-kie ; this dog is very savage, if you 
 touch him he snarls. 
 
 — ngai — 
 
 A bank ; a shore ; a water- 
 line. 
 
 85 
 8 
 
 iJ^ 1069 
 
 se^-ng&i ; an occupation ; means of getting a 
 living. i to c6 sim-mih se" ngai ? What does 
 he do for a living ? kak nang kak nang chue 
 se"-ngai ; each sought some lucrative employ- 
 ment, keh piet thien ngai ; as far apart as 
 the ends of the earth. 
 
 JC3 ngai 75 Acting without an end ; 
 >TV 619 8 having no aim nor energy ; 
 not able to take care of itself ; foolish, silly, 
 chi-chi ngai-ngai ; silly, i to te" chi te" ngai ; 
 he is pretending to be a fool. i kai chi-ngfi.i 
 si te° kui ; his stupidity is feigned. khia to 
 ngai ; stood loafing about. thoi" kau ngai ; 
 
 gazed at it still dazed. ham tieh, ngai-ngai 
 ne ; when called, he acts as if he did not know 
 enough to come. 
 
 ngai 64 To persist ; to bear with. 
 1 7 ngai tit klm; can hold out 
 against it. ngai ru khu ; cannot persist longer. 
 l§ng ngai tit kh6 ; can persevere against diffi- 
 culties, ngai kh6 ; endure hardship, ep lia li 
 ngai tTi khu; if it were I, I could not stand it. 
 khak-kho ngai ; steadfastly endure, i c)e''-se" 
 ngai cSi tit kue ? How can he put up with that? 
 
 \^f ngJ^i 46 A shore, bank, or beach. 
 y"T^ 622 6 cun lia-bua ngSi-pi"; the boat 
 approaches the shore, ceng nang cu long-cong 
 cle" ngfti ; all went on shore. liang poi" kfti 
 toi-ngii siu-sip kau kien-ku c5i ; the banks on 
 either side are made very strong and durable. 
 
 — ngaih — 
 
 4^ ng&ih 64 To suffer ; to endure hard- 
 Ith 1069 8 ness. 
 
 i mia'-ke ng&ih c&i ; he is very plucky, kheh- 
 nftng hue lu 5i ngfiih ; the Hakka people have 
 endurance, cf kai kho pftt nftng ngaih ra khu ; 
 others could not bear such hardship. khak- 
 kho ngaih ; patiently bear with, khua'-khna" 
 ngaih ; pat up with it quietly. 
 
 — ugak — 
 
 ;j5Sr ng&k 46 The highest peaks of raoun- 
 -^e^ 1117 14 tains. 
 
 ngo-ngak si tong-kok kai mia" sua"; these are 
 famous mountains in China. ngo-ngak sie 
 
 chio ; the five protuberances of the face are 
 opposite each other. 
 
 ngak 181 A still and respectful man- 
 280 10 ner ; decorous, 
 i cp pang kp ng&k-ngak ; he sits very quietly 
 and decorously, i chut koi co to kle toi, th6i° 
 cng kai ni ng&k ; when she goes out in a sedan 
 chair, she does not behave with decorum. 
 
 61 Startled ; frightened. 
 9 i cek si cu chak-ngak ; he 
 
 ugak 
 628 
 was startled for a moment. hu hue ce chak 
 ngak, cu in m Isii ; he was frightened at the 
 time and could not answer. kia" kau chak- 
 
 chak ngak-ngak ; perfectly thunderstruck. 
 
 ffjg ngak 211 The roof of the mouth. 
 
 ~^ 628 9 cie°-ngak peh iio kie-cp 
 cie°-kie*; the hard palate is commonly called 
 the roof of the mouth. 
 
 Mngak 195 The crocodile ; the alligator. 
 628 16 ngak-hu siam-lp kp kie-cp 
 ba-kia"; in Siam the alligator in called a 
 cayman. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 393 
 
 . It^^ ngak 46 A wife's parents. 
 
 Tm 1118 6 ngak pe, ngtik b(5 ; wife's 
 
 father and mother. l^ng ngak ; your wife's 
 
 parents. 
 
 — ngam — 
 
 ip£^ ngara 61 Seasonably ; fitly ; opportune. 
 IPH 367 6 uaai" khu chuei, ngam-ngam 
 ugp tSeh i l&i ; I was just going in search of 
 hini when he opportunely came. cie"-se° kap 
 loll khu ngam-ngam hd ; that is imprinted in 
 just the right spot. 
 
 m 
 
 ngara 109 
 1086 ~6" 
 
 A mortise ; a notch ; a 
 
 nock. 
 
 chak k^i ngam ; chisel out a mortise. tio kai 
 ngam ; carve out a notch. tau tit loh ngam ; 
 the tenon goes into the mortise, tieh tau kau 
 loh ngam loh ngam ; fit the tenon deeply into 
 its mortise. tii-tu kah-ngam kah-ngam ; it 
 
 exactly fits into the nock. cua-ki° teng ka kai 
 ngam ; cut a notch in the edge of the paper, 
 pang pi° ku kai ngam ; saw a notch in the 
 edge of the board. 
 
 *-^ ngara 46 A cliff ; a precipice ; a high 
 1084 20 bank ; steep ; dangerous, 
 sua" ngam ham loh khu ; the high ledge has 
 caved off. cieh ngam ; a rocky cliff, peh cie° 
 ngam teng; climb the steep bank, ci kai sua" 
 cham-ngam cham-ngfim ; this hill is very 
 precipitous. ni-ngam ; a cancerous or hard 
 
 breast. 
 
 — ngan — 
 ^L ngan 72 To rise higher and higher ; 
 ■^l-* 2 4 grand ; imposing ; high, as 
 
 in price, 
 
 mueh ke ti ngan ; the prices of articles vary, 
 ci-khi ngan-ngan ; self possessed. ta° ue mai° 
 khah kek ngan ; in speaking do not say what 
 offends one's self-love. 
 
 ngan 109 The eye ; marks resem- 
 1086 6 bling an eye ; an opening. 
 i kai ngan-sin ho ; the expression of his eye is 
 good. ii ngan bo cu ; he has eyes without 
 
 lenses ; he is not discriminating as to the 
 merits of persons. i ho ngan lak ; he judges 
 things at a glance. thoi" i m to ngan kai ; 
 
 kept no impi'ession of him in mind, ngan c6i° 
 u su me ? Have you any immediate business ? 
 teng pa-ngan ; stand the next to the senior 
 wrangler in the cin-sfi examination. i cek 
 sang ho ngan-mak ; he has a fine pair of eyes. 
 cua° jin bo kiii ngan ; low people have not 
 valuable eyes. khu tau cek kai si" ngan ; go 
 and get a pivot put in the end of the fan. ka- 
 to ngan khah siap, eng ia buah i kut ce ; the 
 
 pivot of the shears is so tight that the blades 
 move with much friction, take some oil and oil 
 it. chwn ciah cek sang bai ngdn ; his beauty 
 lies wholly in his eyes. i nQ nfi.ng bai ]ki 
 
 ngan khu ; the two were exchanging meaning 
 glances. sang ngan hue-leng ; a pheasant's 
 feather with two eyes on it. khong-chieh k&i 
 mo" u ngan ; peacocks' feathers have eyes. 
 h(5 ngan t6i ; strong sharp eyes. 
 
 JL/|L ngan 32 A target hung near a race 
 J-yyt 910 6 course. 
 
 ci"-ngan-khang ; openings in the battlement of 
 a wall, for archers to shoot through. 
 
 ngan 85 To temper by plunging in 
 
 1018 8 water, 
 ngan chin ctii ; to temper by plunging in cold 
 water. cf ie" kng si khu ngan chira khe" kAi 
 khe" ciii ; this sort of steel is tempered in the 
 water of a deep pit. lien lio khieh khu ngkn 
 ciii, lien lio khieh khu ngan ciii, ngan ju ke 
 hiie jii ho ; heat it and plunge it into water, 
 repeating the process, the more times the better. 
 
 -f^i ngan 64 To seize with force ; to 
 J" pi 358 8 pinch hard, 
 ngan kau ii ku-a kai cng-kah iii ; pinched 
 so as to leave the prints of the nails. lu kio 
 ua liam hp-ho, mai" ngan tieh ; pinch me 
 softly, and not so hard as to hurt. lia ham i 
 lai kio lia te" pue-kun, kua sa° khut i ngan 
 pliua khu ; I asked him to come and gently 
 pinch the sinews of my back for me, and he 
 pinched so hard as to tear holes in my tunic. 
 
 y^^ ngan 15 Cold ; chilly, cool. 
 i~n 606 5 la ngan ce ; let it cool off a 
 little. i kai chiu ki-ki ng^n ; her hands are 
 
 cold as ice. moug tieh kha ngan, chiu ngan ; 
 his extremities are cold to the touch. thi°-si 
 ngan ; the weather is cold. 
 
 " ^ ngan 149 A word ; a sentence ; a 
 g — I 1083 remark ; an assertion ; a 
 phrase ; speech, talk, sayings ; report, rumor ; 
 an order ; to discourse, to say, to address, to 
 talk, to express an opinion, 
 no nang co t<5 ngan-tham ngi-lun ; two persons 
 sat chatting together. ngan-gu ; words, 
 
 talk. sit ngftn ; a slip of the tongue. hue 
 ngS,n, khagu; exaggeration, hyperbole, ch^" 
 si kai liang ngan ; a useful and moral allegory, 
 m kwn nang ngan si, ngan hui ; pay no atten- 
 tion to people's gossip. gu-su si ngan-kua"; 
 censors are officials whose duty it is to speak, 
 cp-sak ngan lo ; interrupt the conversation, 
 ngan heng m hu ; his words and actions do 
 
394 
 
 DICTIONAIIY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 not correspond. c6k ngftn cu klid-i" lio-kak ; 
 one word may bring it to an end. ca,u ngan 
 cSii gu ; a complete fabrication. l^ng cai i 
 
 ngiln giia kai i-su ; can understand the implied 
 meaning. cek ngan lS,ng cin ; it cannot be 
 
 told in a word. klia ngun ; smooth talk, cia 
 si sim ngfin khi coi cu si, i7i si sit kai ; this is 
 setting things at their very highest figure, it 
 is not really thus. bo hu ngan ; no empty 
 
 talk, thia" lii k/ii kim ngfi.n ; heed your value- 
 able suggestions. niai" to ngtln ; do not have 
 so much talk about it. mai° thia" i ngtln <ng 
 ngan i(5 ; pay no heed to what he says, whether 
 he says much or little. P^"g ^^ ng&n gu ; 
 
 put ngsin put gu ; say nothing at all. 
 
 ngJln 172 A wild goose, white and 
 1089 4 smaller than the common 
 goose ; its annual flight determines the seasons, 
 hong ngSii lai; when the wild geese return. 6i 
 sia pue ngSn; can hit a wild goose on the wing. 
 
 — ngan — 
 
 ngau 80 Clamoring through discon- 
 G24 11 tent, 
 ceiig i.&ng ngau-ngau, lu ai° co-n! cii-i ? Every 
 one is greatly dissatisfied, what ai-e you going 
 to do about it? h&m cok ngau-ngau, m su-Iidk 
 c6k-tie" cie"-se" co; the whole clan was clamor- 
 ing about it, and would not submit to what 
 the head of the clan had done. 
 
 ngdu 145 Robes ; an outer garment 
 624 T8 to keep oif the cold, 
 so clieng to si phue-ngau phue-chau ; he is 
 always dressed in furs. 
 
 ^>» ng&u 89 A line in the diagram. 
 ^>^ 192 6 lak ngau ua°-cfe°;the six 
 lines of the diagram remain as they were, 
 khue ngau ; the eight original or sixty -four 
 derived diagrams of Fuhhi. ngau su ; the 
 
 explanation or occult end of each line in the 
 diagrams. 
 
 ^^^ ngau 86 To simmer; to stew; to cook 
 j\\\ G24 11 by slow boiling; to seethe. 
 nga.n kau kp-kp; simmer it till it is like mush, 
 ngau lok-lok ; ngau mi°-mi''; stew it to a pulp, 
 ngau kp ; seethe opium. ngau nek; stew 
 
 meat. ngau ieh ; to steep medicines. ngau 
 me"; boil all day long. 
 
 j^ * ngau 130 Savory viands. 
 '^^ 192 4 u ci'u bo ngau cp-ni ciah ? 
 How can one eat if one has wine but no meats? 
 iu u ciu ill u ngau, me" am tieh to-pu lai ciah ; 
 we have both wine and meats, you must come 
 "and take supper with us. 
 
 ng&u 63 The buildings of a granary 
 624 11 a room or bin for storing 
 grain within a de'pdt. 
 
 chng-ngau kai chek tun kau pa-pa ; the bins 
 of the granary are heaped with grain. chek- 
 ngftu clip Q jieh coi chek ? How much paddy 
 is there in the bins? 
 
 ngUu 195 A huge sea- fish. 
 
 624 11 t6k Clara ngau ; perched 
 alone on the whale's head ; to become the first 
 Academician. ngau-thau; a gargoyle like 
 a fish. 
 
 ng&n 162 To ramble; to divert one's 
 _ 624 11 self; to travel for pleasure, 
 si hii ngftu-in ; ngiu-Iu si hng; roams every- 
 'here- 
 
 ngSu ^ Pi-oud ; arrogant; uncivil; 
 
 625 11 assuming; pride ; rudeness, 
 kio-ng&u ; haughty, i k&i nang ngUu cSi ; he 
 is very uncivil. 
 
 — ngauh — 
 ngftub 149 To make sport ; to trifle. 
 PJJS. 210 10 phahchiii-ngftuh; to joke. 
 c6 16h to si phah chui-ngftuh, bd la' cia°-keng 
 Qo ; he sits and jests, and never says a word 
 in sober earnest. 
 
 — nge — 
 ngS 112 Hard ; stiff ; unbending j 
 1108 7 obstinate; powerful; willful, 
 kien-nge ; unyielding. kha nge-ngauh, chia 
 nge-ngauh ; feet and hands stiff, as from over- 
 work, i k&i sim nge-tit ; he is very firm, 
 ta" nge ue ; speak in a way that leaves no 
 room for proposing any other course. se° nge 
 si cie°-se"; nge-h^" si cie"-se°; it is certainly so. 
 nge kiie kp tliih; harder than iron. sim nge 
 c&i ; very hard hearted. nge tok tit; settled 
 it forcibly, nge h(5 ; is indeed good, nge cp; 
 done by force. nge tii nge ; meet obstinacy 
 with obstinacy, nge kng; hard steel, khioh- 
 khioh nge ; stiff, as with much starch. i li 
 nge IU ; he is set in his determination that he 
 will not do it. nge ai°; has his mind fully 
 made up that he wants it. 
 
 ^"h "g^ — Strong; robust; hard; over- 
 ^i^J 407 7 bearing; muscular, 
 i kai nge keng khni jieh tang? How stiff a 
 bow can he draw ? i hue pat hdug tieh nge 
 tek ; he has not yet met his match. i kii'i lak 
 nge cJli ; he has great strength of muscle. ie 
 lak nge ; muscular, brawny ; strength of loin, 
 i to ke nge; he is pretending to have great 
 strength. i se° nang ciah nge, in ciah nng ; 
 he always combats the strong, not the weak. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 395 
 
 tvL 63 
 
 m 
 
 — ngek — 
 
 rek 162 To resist. ; to encounter ; 
 636 6 contrary; refractory, 
 ngek Idii ; go against the tide. ngek linang; 
 an opposing wind, mong hwn, pvvn rgek ; to 
 plot rebellion. ngo-ngck ; pig-headed ; obsti- 
 nate, ngek tieh i kai i; opposed his wishes, 
 ngek tieh i kai si; go against the grain, or 
 against the current, ci kai ceng si ngek c^ng; 
 this disease is an obstinate one. 
 — ngeng ~ 
 
 ngeng 162 To go out and receive, as a 
 1108 4 guest; to meet; an interview, 
 jngeiig-cih i ; welcome him. iigSng sin kai 
 loi-nmeh ; the offerings set out for the welcom- 
 ing of a god, on his return from vacation at 
 New Year. chin-ngeng kai loi-sio ; iho 
 
 etiquette used iu welcoming a bride. hong 
 
 ngeng ; receive with great civility. 
 
 ^31 ng^ng 15 To congeal ; to stiffen ; to 
 637 14 curdle, 
 ngeng-kak co cek ko; coagulated in one lump. 
 
 ■^^g ngi 149 To compare ; to consider ; to 
 P^pl^ 280 13 guess ; to decide on after full 
 examination. 
 
 i hau" ngi-lun nang ; he is fond of discussing 
 people's merits and demerits. ceng nang 
 
 hiie-coi to ngi sim-mih su ? What is it that 
 is being deliberated, upon in this assembly ? 
 kong ngi tia^-tieh ; determine exactly after 
 consultation. hue-ngi kau tho-tang cia" kia"; 
 consult about it till all it settled and then act. 
 kau p6 ngi-chu ; refer it to the Board for 
 decision. chia" i lai siang ngi ; invite him to 
 join in consultation. i sui-si huara cue, si to 
 poih ngi cu lai kai nang, cu tieh leng-gua ngi ; 
 although he is a criminal, he belongs to one of 
 the eight privileged ranks, and must be tried 
 separately. 
 
 JP^* ngf 64 To compare ; to consider ; to 
 JAM* 280 14 decide as a judge ou a trial 
 after full examination ; to prescribe, 
 ngi CO sim-raih ciie ? What grade of crime is 
 his adjudged to be ? in np sa" nang (p ngi- 
 
 ngi i ; those two or three people are discus.sing 
 and deciding upon his case. ci tie" hng si ti- 
 tiang ngi kai ? Who dictated this prescription ? 
 
 ngi 30 To grin. 
 , , 738 6 i thoi" tieh ngi-ngi; he grinned 
 on seeing it. ngio-ngi ; to smile sneeringly. 
 ara-ce° to ngio-ngi; secretly sneering at it. i 
 k8.i mxn ngi-but ngi-but ; his face wore a smile. 
 
 ngi 9^ The usages of mankind ; a 
 276 13 rule; rite; etiquette; decorum; 
 presents or fees required by custom ; form ; 
 figure ; the extei-nal appearance, or deportment ; 
 correct, proper, just, what ought to be ; a prin- 
 ciple, a power in nature. 
 
 sang no peh ngun thia"-ngi ; presented him 
 with two hundred dollars when he set out on 
 his journey. thai-kSk se" liang-ngi; chaos 
 
 produced the dual powers, ui-ngi ; imposing, 
 sla ngi; a present given in acknowledgement 
 of a service, ngi-cu sek cili ; familiar with the 
 rules of propriety. ngi-mng ; the side doors 
 of the second entrance to a yamun. ho ngi ; 
 congratulatory presents. siah ngi ; a present 
 of money, given instead of the edibles which 
 custom would require one to send, cxia ngi ; a 
 present of scrip. lien ngi ; presents of money 
 sent to mourners to assist in paying funeral 
 expenses. ngi-ci-si ; Master of Ceremonies, 
 
 gua mill kai ngi-bun li hp thoi"; the style of 
 the exterior is pleasing to the eye. 
 
 ii* ngi 40 That which is of itself rea- 
 H^ 273 T sonable; fit and right; har- 
 monious; accordant; compatible; it meets the 
 conditions ; just suits ; ought, should ; to make 
 fit. ngi-eng-kai cie"-.se"; it should be thus, 
 
 m ngi-eng-kai kai ; what ought not to be. 
 pien ngi; convenient; cheap; advantageous, 
 tham pien-ngi ; seek to get an advantage, hd 
 i pien-ngi kia" su ; let him proceed according 
 to hi-i convenience, ngi a m ngi ? Is it proper 
 or not ? kak tit khi ngi ; each in his place, 
 
 kio i in siang ngi; unsuitable for him. h'ih. 
 
 ngi ; befitting. kau-hong ngi-jin ; made a 
 
 lady of the fifth rank. ngi su, m ngi ia"; 
 
 ought to lose, not to win. put ngi; unsuitable. 
 
 \m, 2h 
 
 igi 149 Friendly ; acquainted. 
 
 581 8 kio i u sim-mih chin-ngl? 
 What relationship do you hold toward him? 
 i kai chin-ngi hp cS,i ; he has great regard for 
 his relatives. kio i u si-ngi ; have mutual 
 
 acquaintances. 
 
 ^pl^ ngi 173 Colored clouds. 
 J^U^ 273 8 hun-ngi ; variegated rain 
 clouds. mp" i lai, chin-chie" toa iia" to mo° 
 hun-ngi hie°-.se''; we long for his coming as we 
 look for rain clouds in time of drought. 
 
 ngi 123 The rule of self respect ; 
 
 280 7 that which is proper and 
 just per se ; high moral feeling ; right ; equity ; 
 uprightness ; righteousness ; virtue, 
 jin-ngi ; benevolent. mai" khah jin-ngi ; do 
 
 not be too charitable, ngi ce"; a public well. 
 
396 
 
 DICTIONABT OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 ngi chng ; a public granary. ngi bS ; an 
 
 eminent scholar, ngi fong ; patriot volunteers, 
 ngi kau ; a trusty dog. ngi pok ; a faithful 
 servant, ngi pe, ngi b(5, ngi kia"; an adopted 
 father, mother, or son. ngi oh ; a public 
 
 school. ngi th6ng ; public cemetery. ngi 
 khi ; public spirited, ngi put long si ; justice 
 admits of no delay. i si ciang-ngi so chai k&i 
 n&iig, m si bo jin b6 ngi kfti nftug ; he is one 
 ■who uses his property for worthy ends, and is 
 not one who has no high moral feeling, cf ku 
 cu si sim-mih i-ngi ? What is the explanation 
 of this paragraph ? ci kai 3I kfti jl ngi cp-ni 
 sueh ? How is the meaning of this character 
 to be explained ? kong-ngi; honorable, fair- 
 minded, just. 
 
 P^5» ngi 80 Muttering, as in sleep. 
 ^ 283 19 icfhiiekaichiiingi-ngi-ngan. 
 ngau, \6 ta° mih ue ? His lips are now in mo- 
 tion, wiiat is it that he is muttering about? 
 — ngia — 
 ngfa 128 Beautiful ; good-looking. 
 686 B Be" lai ngfa-ngia ; is very 
 handsome. bd mih ngfa ; not very pretty. 
 
 Be" ngfa, se" ni ngia si pe-b6 se° ciu kfti ; 
 whether handsome or ugly, one is as his 
 parents made him to be. 0-1(5 i ngfa ; extol 
 its beauty, ngfa su ! This is a pretty piece of 
 work ! ngia rxi^eh ! That is a fine looking 
 
 thing ! (said ironically). 
 
 ngia 172 Elegant; decorous; polished. 
 
 1067 4 i kai nftng se" kliu bun-ngia; 
 he'has a refined look. se" lai ngia-ti ngfa-ti ; 
 is naturally very winsome. ju-ugfa ; stylish, 
 ti-hng hiu" ngia; a place suited to stadious 
 
 repose. 
 
 — ngiak — 
 
 ngiak 104 Fever ; febrile complaints ; 
 ^, ,_- 638 10 ague, 
 ngiak-cit sok kie-co pak kua"; ague is com- 
 monly called chills. ngiak u khi h(5 coih, u 
 khi i7i-h(5 c6ih ; of fevers there are some that 
 it is well to reduce suddenly, and others that 
 it is not. 
 
 f^t "gial^ 111 Cruel; unfeeling; to harry. 
 /-^^ 038 3 pJiu-nglak; inhuman, ngiak 
 hai peh-se"; tyrannize over the people. tu 
 
 ngiak ; extirpate the cruel. 
 
 ngiak 
 1081 
 
 89 The consequences of sin ; 
 17 retribution for crime ; evils. 
 
 cia si i ka-ki cu cak ngiak ; this is something 
 which he has brought upon himself, ciie ngiak 
 t&ng ; the results of his crime are serious, io- 
 ngiak ; retribution. 
 
 ngiak 132 A rule ; a precedent. 
 1080 4 nglak-thai ; ngiak-pien ; 
 ngiak-si; a provincial judge. 
 
 — ngiam — 
 
 ngfam 149 Talkative; to talk wildly. 
 44 18 ngfam-gu; the delirious 
 
 talk of a sick man. cek e.kiia, nang ce hwt 
 
 sie cQ ai" ngfam-gu; in the afternoon when his 
 fever comes on, he talks incoherently. 
 
 ngfara 9 Of acommandingpresence; 
 1088 20 carrying the head high j 
 severe- looking ; as before ; like, 
 ngfam-jien ; similar. ngi'am-jien cQ bI tS se* 
 cek le"; a life-like likeness. ngfam-jien cQ 
 
 ki" CO sin-se"; carries himself as if he were a 
 learned man. Q ngj'am-nge ; has a stern look, 
 bp ngiam b6 nge ; no majesty of demeanor. 
 
 ngtam 169 A gate in a village. 
 1084 8 ngiam-ld-uang ; ngiam- 
 knn; the king of hades; the lihadamantlms of 
 Chinese Buddhists. cQ si kiii-kia" k'l" tieh 
 
 ngiam-16-fiang ; it is like being brought before 
 the king of hell, for judgment after death, 
 fiah ng!am-Id; a savage looking man. 
 
 ngtam 80 Severe, stern, rigid, austere. 
 
 1084 17 ngiam, ngiam ; very strict ; 
 rigorous. kwn-sok khi sim ngiam ; kept in 
 close subjection. i k&i nftng Q ui-ngiam tit 
 n&ng iii ; ho has a stern aspect which makes 
 people fear him. kui-kd nglam-sok ; sedate 
 manners, i kai ce-kui ngiam; the rules of the 
 school are strict. ke-kui ngiam cJli ; the 
 
 household is very rigid in its ways, ngiam pe 
 chut hau cti, chu bd to pSi ji ; a stern father 
 has filial sons, an indulgent mother generally 
 spoils her children. 
 
 Si^ ngiam 164 Spirits of a strong sharp 
 W^ 1091 20 taste, 
 cho ngiam ; the vinegar is sharp. c/u ngiam ; 
 the wine is strong. chong ceng ngiam-nglam 
 kai te ; make a cup of very strong tea. 
 
 ngiam 86 The fury of a fire. 
 1091 12 pang ngiam khau ; to open 
 the door of hell, (by saying mass on the third, 
 day after a death). 
 
 Kdd °g^^"^ 1§Z ^^ examine ofiicially for 
 i^^y* 1091 18 purposes of verification ; 
 to prove by inspection ; testimony or examin- 
 ation which proves a thing, 
 chfa" kua" ngiam kue ; ask for an oflBcial 
 inspection, verifying the statement. u haa- 
 ngiam ; have satisfactory proof of it. ngiam 
 
DICTIONARY OF THK BWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 397 
 
 m 
 
 si ; hold an inqaest. tah nglam-si-pe"; set np 
 a platform where the body may lie exposed to 
 view, in an inquest. khi si siang ngiam ; 
 
 disinter the corpse for examination by the 
 authorities, ngiam sie"; examine the wounds, 
 nglara tieh bo sie"; it proved on inspection 
 that no wounds had been made. ngiam hiie ; 
 to examine goods officially. ngiam toa°; a 
 
 permit stating that the goods have been in- 
 spected, nglara cun ; to examine a ves.sel. lu 
 khu ngiam thoi"; you go and verify it by 
 inspection. khua" ngiam ; look over and 
 
 verify. ngiam tieh co-ni ie" ? What did you 
 ascertain by the examination ? 
 
 ngi'ang 9 To look upward; to regard 
 1073 4 with respect, 
 ua to ngfang-mo° lu lai ; T was longing for 
 your coming, kii ngiang toa mia°; have long 
 admired and respected you. ngiang thi°; to 
 gaze up into heaven. ngiang-kwn thien-bun, 
 hu-chak tl-li ; to study astrology, and geo- 
 mancy. ngiang khun thi° un ; look earnestly 
 for the favor of heaven. 
 
 — ngiap — 
 
 ngiap 75 A calling, occupation, pursuit, 
 1082 9 art, or trade; an estate, a 
 patrimony ; that which has been acquired by 
 a calling ; merit, or a title to reward for what 
 has been done ; to transmit a calling or a post ; 
 deserving, meritorious. 
 
 i to CO sim-mih su-ngiap ? What is his occupa- 
 tion ? i u sim-mih ke-ng!ap? What personal 
 property has he ? sua"-nglap ; real estate. 
 
 CO ngiap ; inherited wealth. hak u jieh coi 
 kong ngiap ? How much property is there of 
 that which is held in common ? cek se" co u 
 hua° kai kong ngiap ; has during his life done 
 many things deserving of reward, goi-ngiap ; 
 handicraft. ^gi^P ii cii cwn ; property is 
 
 disposed of according to the will of the owner, 
 ci to-hiin u. sim-mih toa-ngiap ho ? Are there 
 any very rich families in this region ? hui 
 
 ngiap; dissipate one's patrimony, hak ngiap ; 
 add to one's possessions, mueh-ngiap; posses- 
 sions ; goods ; property. peng ra si hie°-teng 
 ci ngiap ; it is not property which has the 
 worship of the previous owner entailed as a 
 condition in possessing it. ci'-hue cia° si kien- 
 kong lip-ngiap kai si-hau ; this is a time for 
 doing what shall secure the rewards due to 
 merit. 
 
 — ngien — 
 ngieu 112 Thoroughly, minutely. 
 1085 6 ngien kiu ; expound min- 
 utely, ngien sim ; adjudicate with the 
 ntmost nicety. 
 
 "TTlT ngien 112 To search into carefully. 
 fWl 1085 6 ngien km ; examine so as 
 to be able to expound. Id tieh khu soi ngien ; 
 cia" cai hu t6i k&i i-bi ; you must go and 
 examine into it minutely, then you will knovy 
 its inward meaning. tng-tng khut kua° ce 
 
 ngien sim, su chgng cu 16 chut lai ; as session 
 by session it comes before the magistrate for 
 trial, the facts of the case will be disclosed. 
 
 "SW ^^^ ngien-sien To scoff at ; to deride. 
 PrJ P.yC 334 i kai ngien-<!ien i mih 
 
 su ? Why do they gibe at him ? to si td ngien- 
 ngien si'en-si'en i ; is always satirizing him. 
 — ngiet — 
 
 ngiet 211 To gnaw; to bite at. 
 
 1080 6 jun cSi, ngiet m loh ; very 
 tough, so that I cannot gnaw it off. jivn ngiet, 
 ngiet m tng; however much I gnaw on it, I 
 can't gnaw it off. i gut li'o t<5 ngiet khi ; he 
 grinds his teeth when asleep. nio-chu ngiefc 
 phua kai khang; the rat has gnawed a hole 
 through it. ngiet loh khu no kai khi ui ; has 
 left the marks of two teeth on it where he bit 
 it off. i kai khi oi ngiet nang, mai" khut i 
 
 ngiet tieh ; he is apt to bite, do not let iiim 
 bite you. 
 
 — ngira — 
 
 ];;yj^ ngim 140 ng-ngim; the scull-cap, used 
 
 —f 403 4 as a tonic, e nang ciah tieh 
 
 ng-ngim ; a dumb man taking bitter medicine. 
 
 pyLJ*- ngim 30 To hum ; to intone. 
 
 "7 1100 4 ngo-tieh, chie ngim-ngim ; 
 laughed pleasantly when I met her. tlm- 
 
 ngim, put kwt ; humming to one's self, in a 
 way to indicate indecision. s6i-s6i cu oi 
 
 ngim si, tap tiii ; when very small could chant 
 verses, and cap words. 
 
 — ngio — 
 XHrt* ngio 94 A cat. 
 
 ^pj 681 9 toa ciah ngio ; a large cat. 
 ngio ngau-ngau-kie ; the cats waul. ngio- 
 
 ngio-kie ; to mew. ngio kio nio-chu co-pu ut; 
 the cat and the rat sleeping together. ngio 
 au°-au"-kie ; the cat is snarling. 
 
 ngio 167 Grapling irons. 
 _ . 681 8 hai cun to si eng thih ngio 
 
 CO teng ; sea-going vessels generally use grap- 
 pling irons as anchors. 
 
 — ngo — 
 
 ZJS "go 7 A complete number j the whole 
 JUL 1060 2 of a kind, 
 ngo kak ; all sorts of grain. phoi" c^k hik 
 
 ngo-se" khui pal sin ; prepare the full comple< 
 
398 
 
 ©ICTIOKABT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 mcTit of dressed animal carcasses to offer to the 
 gods. cek liu ugo-kiie tih ; a sot of fruit 
 
 dishes. ue co ngo hok ; paint the five bats in 
 different positions, ngo c3,ng lak hii ; all the 
 internal organs. 
 
 AJZ ng6 9 Men arranged by fives ; a file 
 \ \IL 1061 4 of soldiers ; a squad, a com- 
 pany ; a comrade ; to associate with. 
 hang-ng6 ; rank and file ; in regular files, piii 
 tui-ngo chut lUi ngcng-cih; paraded a company 
 out, to meet and welcome, i bI hfing-ngo chut 
 sin, ia" ngo kai su i sck ; he rose from the 
 ranks, and is familiar with camp life. ng5 
 
 nang Hi ngo ; five men form a squad. sio-li 
 kio i leng-ngo; ashamed to bo in the same 
 company with him. 
 
 fy\ r\g6 24 Midday; south. 
 
 I 1061 2 jit-thau tng ngo ; the snn is 
 on the meridian ; it i.s just noon. cle" ng6, e 
 ng6 ; forenoon and afternoon, jit i°-keng kue 
 ngo ; the sun has already past the zenith, 
 ciah ngo png Su cu lai ; will come after the 
 midday meal. c6 Hang si cia° cu-ng6 ; it sets 
 due north and south. tong ngo ; midday. 
 
 Dg6 siah ; a midday banquet. 
 
 /W r\g6 ? An image ; a pair, a match, a 
 JW 6"i6 9 mate; as 07i a(ri;er6, unpremed- 
 itatedly, accidentally. 
 
 Dg6-sie°; images; idols; a statue. pM ngd-sie'; 
 worship idols. ngo-ngo sle" tieh ; happened 
 to think of it. cia si ngo-jion kai su ; this is 
 a matter of course. ngo-ju th6i''-ki''; chanced 
 to see it. i to slo nl cu sit ng6 ; he lost his 
 
 mate in early life. 
 
 ilM ngd 61 
 IT 1063 T 
 
 Disobedient ; intractable ; 
 
 ^ ^ _ f reward. 
 
 Dg6-ngek ; headstrong ; stiff in holding to one's 
 opinions, especially against superiors. ngo 
 
 tieh i kai i ; go against his wishes. han-sQn 
 hwn se° hau-sUn kia°, ng6-ngek hwn se" ng8- 
 iig§k ji; the filial have filial children, the 
 froward have froward sons. 
 
 ngo 140 The large rootstalk of the 
 626 15 Nelumhrinm, used for food. 
 
 ngo hiin ; arrowrcob. ngo-cak ; roots of the 
 
 water-lily. 
 
 y kl ngo 7 Five. 
 
 HL 1060 2 toi° ngo ; the fifth, ngo giieh; 
 the fifth month, ngo peh ngo cap ngo ; five 
 hundred and fifty-five. chin ngo ; the fifth 
 
 day of the month, jih-ngo ; twenty-five, peh 
 Ifeng ngS; a hundred and five, ngo choi" lang- 
 14ng ngo; ngo khkng-khang ngo ; five thousand 
 
 and five. ngo ngo jt-c&p-ngo ; five times five 
 are twenty-five, ngo ki° ngo ; once five is five, 
 ji ngo, cin it cap ; twice five are ten. sa° ngS 
 it-cAp-ng6 ; thrice five are fifteen. ngo kun 
 
 ngo nfe ; five pounds and five ounces. cap- 
 
 ng5 phang thia"; a main room, having fifteen 
 rows of tiles in its roof. ng6 koi° kue, thia" 
 li jih-ngo phang ; five rooms in a row, the cen- 
 tral one being the main room, with twenty- 
 five rows of tiles in its roof. 
 
 ^/r^ ng5 24 The seventh of the twelve 
 I 1061 2 stems, symbolized by the horse. 
 ng5 si; from 11 o'clock A. M. to 1 o'clock 
 P. M. thdi" si-ceng li si ngo si clip ; it is just 
 eleven by the clock. ng5 hi tong ; just noon. 
 ng5 si hue ; nearly one o'clock. kah ng6 nl ; 
 a year that is first in the cycle of ten, and 
 seventh in the cycle of twelve, ke" ng6 gueh; 
 a month that is the seventh in the cycle of ten 
 and seventh in the cycle of twelve. pfa" ng6 
 jit; a day that is the third in the cycle of ten 
 and seventh in the cycle of twelve. 
 
 krt^ ng5 9 ngO-coh ; certain persons at- 
 I I 1061 4 tached to the courts, whose 
 decision at inquests is relied on, and their 
 report taken ; the term is also applied to those 
 who enshroud the dead. 
 
 sf n&ng can m kue ng5-coh chin ; the dead 
 cannot escape the hands of the coroners. 
 
 XS, ngdi 112 
 
 WT 1085 6 
 
 — ngoi — 
 
 To triturate, 
 ngoi CO buah 
 
 grind it to 
 powder, ngoi h'o c\a* thai ; triturate and then 
 sift it. ngoi c6; a triturating trough. ngoi 
 c6 lin ; a wheel used in grinding in a grinding 
 trough. 
 
 — ngoih — 
 
 ngoih 211 To gnash the t^eth. 
 1080 6 i tit Ho hau° ngoih khi ; 
 he is apt to grate his teeth when asleep. 
 
 — ugong — 
 ^ ngong 9 Clownish ; rustic looking. 
 
 | ~l*i- 465 8 gua min li ngong-ngong ne, 
 to lai li ceng-ceng sim-su ; appears very awk- 
 ward and stupid, and is really full of astute 
 projects. i ngong si ngong, cp su sin-sit ; his 
 simplicity is real, he acts guilelessly, i kai ie° 
 se" lai ngong-ngong; he has a rustic appearance. 
 
 — ngo — 
 ng6 61 Uninstructed ; rude ; stupid. 
 
 JlSi\ 1120 9 ngo tl ; your humble servant, 
 ho kio hien ci'a tang si, mai" kio ngo cia tang 
 se" ; it is better to die with the wise than to 
 live with the foolish, i sim si ngp-cwt ; he is 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 899 
 
 very awkward. Lie" ngo ; rustics. rg6 min ; 
 the uneiiliglitened mob. clu lia ksu ngo ki° 
 
 Ifvi thoi" si cie"-se"; according to my humble 
 opinion it is thus. ngo-raue"; stupid. tJii ti 
 iiah ngo; a clever man with a doltisli expres- 
 sion, ngo hia"; T, your stupid elder brother, 
 ngo tiet ; I, your foolish nephew. 
 
 A corner, a nook, a secluded 
 spot ; a precise portion. 
 
 ngo 170 
 ^ 1119 9" ^ - . . , 
 
 tie-ciu-sia" lai hun co chit ngo, cek ngo cek kai 
 ii-pp ; the city of Chau-chau-ifu is divided into 
 seven wards, and each ward has an alderman, 
 
 1^^ ngo 141 Anxious and therefore pre- 
 }^^ 1122 7~ pared ; vigilant ; provided 
 jioainst; an accident, a mishap. 
 kh(5 pp bp ngp ; can assure you there is nothing 
 to apprehend! chvvn m pat Fp-ngp; was 
 
 remiss in nothing. pang kp hp u.pi put ngp ; 
 lay it aside in readiness for use in case of 
 accident, ci'a si m-hp pp-ngp kai ; this is some- 
 thing that it will not do to be careless about. 
 
 +1^ 1^2^ ng6-th6ng The catalpa tree, noted 
 JrJ TP 1060 for the even grain of 
 
 its wood ; the fall of its leaf denotes autumn. 
 
 ^WL "S9 1£? ^^ meet; to come unex- 
 I tf-M 1128 9 pectedly upon one; to occur, 
 to happen ; whenever ; at the time of. 
 Dgp ki"; chanced to meet. ngp i m tieh ; did 
 not come across him. sim si hp ngp ; it is a 
 Tcry fortunate occurrence. put khi ju ngo ; 
 
 put ieh ju ngp ; meet without previous agree- 
 ment, to lo teng ngp tieh ; met on the way. 
 ngp tieh i m to ; it happened that he was not 
 at home, cxa si lang ngp ktii su ; this is some- 
 thing that hardly ever happens. u wn ngp ; 
 it happened well. i kai ngp-hah hp ; it was a 
 lucky coincidence. i ci-hue ngp lang, lai kiu 
 i ; he is now in trouble, let us go to his rescue, 
 sie ngp ; met each other. tng min ngp tieh ; 
 met him face to face. 
 
 To arouse to a sense of one's 
 situation ; to awake ; aware 
 
 4^ "go ^ 
 |pt . 1063 7 
 of ; alive to. 
 
 cbe° ngp ; to rouse, i kai sim to m che" ngp ; 
 his mind does not take in the danger of the 
 situation. cip mi", put ngp; remains bewil- 
 dered and unaware of the danger. 
 
 ngo 40 
 1128 9" 
 
 To lodge ; to sojourn ; a 
 
 lodging. 
 
 i kai ngp-sp to ti-kp ? Where are his lodgings ? 
 ciam ngp to mong chu ; temporarily lodge at 
 a certain place, i to khui kheh-ngp ; he keeps 
 a lodging-house. 
 
 — ngni — 
 
 ngQi ^ False; hypocritical; pretended; 
 'tv^ 1055 12 to put on ; to deceive, 
 ca-ngui ; hypocritical. hu ngui ; specious, 
 
 kang ngui ; deceitful. pien cin ngui ; distin- 
 guish between the true and the false, lu th6i" 
 i u ngui sim a bo ? Do you think he is false- 
 hearted or not ? seng-sit, bo ngui ; sincere 
 and guileless, i li ngui lai, i li ngui khu ; the 
 one deceives the other, and the other the one. 
 chwn bp phi".ngui ; wholly without guile. 
 
 -^^ "gui 26 Danger ; peril ; hazardous. 
 ylZU 1050 4 lim ngui ngp kiu; was saved 
 when about to perish, ngui to tang sek; near 
 dissolution ; between a night and morning, 
 ngui hiam ; in imminent peril. ngui lang ; 
 
 in great danger. khia to ngui ti; stands on 
 dangerous ground. si ngui cS,i ; times aro 
 
 hazardous. lim ngui, put ngui; near danger 
 but not in danger. 
 
 — rigun — 
 
 >PH ngun 167 Silver ; money ; wealth. 
 iRjV llOl 6 cia kai boi jieh coi ngun ? 
 How much did you pay apiece for these ? 
 min ci° min ngun ; money is not required, 
 tang ngun ; counterfeit money. ke ngun; 
 
 adulterated silver. ngun pho ; broker's office, 
 ngun ho ; a stamp on dollars, cui-ngun ; quick- 
 silver, ugun ciii ; an allowance on dollars for 
 weight above the standard, bun ngun ; sycee. 
 ngun-kia"; small silver pieces. toa ngun ; 
 
 dollars. si lun ngun nie, a si liin ngun k9,i ? 
 Is it taels or dollars that ai'e under discussion? 
 cek kai ngun ; cek kho ngun ; one dollar, hue 
 pi" ngun ; dollars with milled edges, hut than 
 ngun ; dollars with a head on them, cio ngun; 
 dollars having an eagle on them. ugun toa°; 
 a draft. ngun kho ; a treasury. hue ang 
 ngun ; money offered as a reward. chu-co 
 
 ngun ; house rent. si ngun cp kai ; it is made 
 of silver. ngun pau kim ; silver plated with 
 gold. sie° ngun pai; a placard, offering reward, 
 ngun-ciii cheng, sng-sio meng ; expert in esti- 
 mating the value of pieces of money, and quick 
 in reckoning accounts, hang lai si ti-tiang t(5 
 thoi" ngun ; who is the examiner of the money 
 taken in at that warehouse? th(5 ngun; to dun 
 for a bill ; to collect money due. khiam ngiin; 
 to owe money. hai° ngun ; to pay money, 
 
 cieh ngun ; borrow money. se° ngun ; hire 
 money on interest, kau huang ngun; a sealed 
 packet of money, sai ngwn huang ngun; paid 
 out the original sealed parcel of money, ngun- 
 tia"; silver paper, folded to represent ingots, 
 and offered in worship of idols. ngun tong ; 
 a broker. ngiin-hii ; white-bait. 
 
400 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 ngiin 211 The gnms. 
 318 6 khi-ngiin k6 phii khf-pau ; 
 has a gum-boil on his gum. 
 
 — ngut — 
 
 §0^ iigufc 149 To stop because the end 
 |lw 392 8 has been reached ; to clear 
 off, as an account; terminated, 
 ngun hii boi kfi.i n&ng siu ngut, chii li kau b6i 
 k&i nang kwn cia"; the money being paid over 
 in full to the seller, the house is to be handed 
 over to the purchaser for his sole behoof. 
 
 •^A^ ngut 162 Even ; till ; up to. 
 A^^ 204 8 ngut-kim f"-keng n6 nl ; up 
 to this time, two years have elapsed. ngut- 
 kim i°-keng ku-a k&i gueh ; up to now it is 
 already several months. 
 
 ngfit 64 To suffer; to endure; to bear. 
 
 1069 8 i ko kai nftng io oi ngftt ; 
 the people there have greater endurance. pa- 
 lak cQ ngut tit khu ; perhaps I can get along 
 with it. lieh-lieh-hue cf khf kh6-ch(5 ngiit ra 
 khu; ordinary persons could not endure this 
 sort of hardship. i ngut kho, ngfit kui"-s\°; 
 he is inured to suffering. 
 
 — ngwn — 
 
 ngwn 181 Thick-headed ; mulish. 
 
 1038 4 hu ko k&i n&ng ngwn cfti ; 
 the people there are very stupid. sit-cHi al 
 
 ngwu m!u ; are really a set of dunderheads. 
 
 Zlt-y* ngwn 96 Trinkets, or gems for play- 
 </L 1039 4 iug with ; to toy or play 
 with ; to test, to try ; valuable, rare ; fine, 
 ko-ngwn ; bric-a-brac. ngwnkhi; valuable 
 articles such as rare vases, pots or fine porce- 
 lain, ngwn huap; to despise the laws, ngwn 
 i kai bl ; try its flavour, iu-ngwn ; to ramble 
 for recreation. 
 
 *Y|-* ngwn 10 The commencement; the first 
 ^Ui 1134 '2 cause; the head; the principal; 
 the eldest ; original ; primary ; among Tauists 
 a vast period of time like a geological epoch, 
 ngwn-ni ; the first year of a reign. cf kai 
 
 huang-ti kdi-ngwn co sim-mueh ? "What is the 
 style of the reign of this monarch ? ngwn- 
 
 khi put cok ; his constitution is not strong, 
 sam ngwn kip tl ; the three senior graduates, 
 ngwn-sio-coih ; the fifteenth of the first month, 
 ngwn chio ; the Original or Mongol dynasty : 
 it swayed China and Central Asia from A. D. 
 1278 to 1369. ngwn-tang ; New Year's 
 
 day. 
 
 Vl^ ngwn 85 A fountain, source, or origin. 
 ■/y[% 1133 10 ciii ngwn; a fountain, ngvva 
 thfta ; the source. i kai kun-ngwn si chong 
 tl-kp \hi kai ? Whence does it originate ? ciah 
 ciii cu su tieh cui-ngwn; in drinking remember 
 the fountain. khoi ciii kai ngwn-thaa si to 
 tl kp ? Where is the source of this river ? hd 
 ngwn ; the source of a stream. chai ngwn 
 
 kun-kiin ; an ever welling fountain. cui-kili 
 ngwn-cua" kdn-kiin lliu boi Ho; the spring wells 
 inexhaustibly from its source, ti tieh i kai p6" 
 cia' 5i tiig kun ; if the source of the disease is 
 reached, it may be radically cured. 
 
 ngwn 27 Origin; source ; beginning; 
 1^ 1133 8 natural ; proper ; inate ; 
 originally, primarily ; really ; honestly ; the 
 original condition; to trace a matter to its 
 source. 
 
 chim-miig i kHi ngwn-!u ; inquire into the 
 causes. chSug fi kh<5 ngwn ; there are 
 
 extenuating circumstances. ngwu-14i ju chu ; 
 it was originally like this. tong-ngwn ; 
 
 China. ua ngwn b6 sle* cie'-se"; I did not 
 
 originally think of so doing. mueh kui 
 
 ngwn cu ; the goods revert to their original 
 owner. ngwn chSng tia' cQe ; search out the 
 facts, and condemn the wrong-doer accordingly, 
 i-ngwn b1 cie"-8e" khi; it was originally built 
 in that style. ngwn le"; the original style, 
 
 ngwn khoi ; the original deed. kha, thdu Ho 
 6i hdk ngwn a b6i ? Will the feet on being 
 unbound resume their original shape ? ngwn 
 png si jieh coi ? What capital had he to start 
 with ? ngwn ngun siu hue; got back the sum 
 originally paid out. ngwn-ca si cie°-8e"; that 
 is the way it was at first. ngwn-ku si cia Ie°; 
 in the beginning it was like this. ngwn Io 
 
 tng lai ; returned by the same route. chile 
 
 chut i kai kun-ngwn ; search out its origin, 
 i i-ku to ngwn ui tlu ; he lives in the place 
 where he used to live, ngwn nSng; the same 
 person who did it before. 
 
 ngwn 181 The countenance; color. 
 ►> 1083 9 cli5ng ku-ku ngwn-sek boi 
 pi"; the color will not change, no matter how 
 long it is worn. b6 ngwn hd sie ki°; have 
 
 not the face to call on him. hoh hwt, thong 
 ngwn ; hoary hair, and a youthful face. 
 
 ngwn 181 To desire ; to hope ; a pref- 
 ►^ 1137 10 erence ; the object of desire, 
 si i ka-kl cheng ngwn kai, a si lu mien-kiang 
 i kai ? Did he do it voluntarily or did you 
 constrain him ? si i kam-ngwn cie''-se°; he is 
 willing to have it thus. thia" tieh ngwn ai ; 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 401 
 
 ■when he heard ifc, he thought ho would rather 
 die. ka-ki ( u ngvvn co ; did it of hia own free 
 will. ju a. si cie"-so", lia kjli ngwn cu cok ; 
 
 if that is the way it is to be, my desires are 
 satisfied, si lia ngvvn kai; it is what I desired. 
 i CO su ill cheiig, m ngvvn ; he does it very 
 unwillingly. bo cek nang ngvvn ; no one was 
 •willing. si i kai sim so ngvvn ; it is what his 
 heart desires, ngvvn kio i tam-sfing; is willing 
 to guarantee it. 
 
 M ngvvn 61 A vow. 
 1137 10 hwt ngvvn ; he ngvvn ; make 
 a vow. hoi" ngwn ; pay a vow. hue ceng 
 
 koi ngvvn ; not yet free from his vow. 
 
 ni 64 To take, to get ; to bring or 
 610 6 carry in the hand, 
 ni lai khut ua ; bring it to me. long-cong ni 
 khu ; take them all along. mai thau ni thau 
 nueh ; do not pilfer any of it. khoi m ceug ni 
 14i ; the deed has not been brought. 
 
 ^[ ni 5 Milk. 
 
 ^\j 298 7 ni-bo ; a foster mother, gu-ni; 
 cow's milk. chi ni ; to rear on milk, ci hue 
 ni cun lai ; the milk has just come in her breast, 
 lut gu-ni ; to milk a cow. i se" ni iong, tieh 
 eng sira-mih ieh lai ui ? She has a broken 
 breast, what should be used as a remedy ? i 
 kai ni-cap khah cheng ; her milk is too thin. 
 i kai ni-cap long; her milk is rich. 
 
 ni-phong To set right ; to patch 
 ^|)k2^ ^1^ 589 up; to help along; to 
 
 supplement the efforts of another, 
 theng ua lai kio Iti ni-ph6ng kkn wn-chwn ; 
 wait until 1 take hold along with you and 
 set it completely right. cia si ceng nang kio 
 i ni-phong kai ; this was done in his behalf by 
 all unitedly, jvvn ni-phong, ni-phong m bua ; 
 however much we try to reconcile the difficulty, 
 there seems to be no way of compassing it. 
 tSi-ke ph§ng-iu hue cai lai kai i ni-phong, bii- 
 pit ai" ni'-phong kau seng ; let all his friends 
 again take hold and help him, and they will 
 surely bring it to pass this time. sie-hii ni- 
 
 phong ; help rectify the blunder. 
 
 ^^(fV Tii 75 To dye ; to color. 
 ^^fC 286 5 ni pho ; a dyer's shop. ai" nf 
 CO kang-che" kai ; wish to have it dyed brown. 
 i t(5 khui ni pS.ng ; he has a dyeing establish- 
 ment, ni kau bSi tho sek ; dyed a fast 
 color. ni kang ho cS,i, ni lio boi pien sek ; 
 the dyeing is well done and the colors will not 
 change. 
 
 ni 90 The royal signet. 
 
 790 14 gek-ni; tho great seal, i tit 
 tieh thwu kok kai gck-ni; he received the 
 state seal. gek-ni khut i pi cau ; tho great 
 
 seal was carried off by him on his back. 
 
 ni 85 Mud ; soil ; mire. 
 630 5 th6 ni ; clay, mud, soil. i co 
 su thoa ni thoa ciii ; he does a thing as if he 
 were being dragged to it through mud and 
 water, ni-cui chie"; a mason. 
 
 U^ ni 180 Viscid juice or dried gum. 
 /j^ 55 6 in-ni ; cosmetics, buah in-ni; 
 use cosmetics. chiu ni ; the juices of a tree, 
 cheng chiu ni ; the sap of the banyan. in-ni 
 hiin ; white cosmetic. ni lau-lau ; the juice 
 flows. 
 
 Pjg 630 
 
 30 Woolen cloth ; broadcloth. 
 630 5 ni p6 ; woolens, lam ni ; blue 
 flannel, o ni ; black broadcloth, ni kah-kia°; 
 a sleeveless jacket of broadcloth. ni be-kua ; 
 a cloth riding jacket. 
 
 ni 53 c6-nl ; why, how, what. 
 ^^^ 602 11 i'co-ni ta"? What did he say? 
 tieh co-ni co cia" ho ? What is the best thing 
 to be done ? lu co-ni ta" cia ue ? Why do you 
 speak thus ? 
 
 ni-ko ; a Buddhist nun. 
 ni-ko am ; a nunnery. 
 
 iE 
 
 ni 
 630 
 
 44 
 2 
 
 reach e 
 kim n 
 
 ni 
 634 
 d. 
 i ; kin 
 
 51 
 3 
 
 ni; 
 
 A year, 
 seasons 
 
 a revolution of the 
 the years one has 
 
 this year. ku ni ; last year. 
 me" ni ; next year. au ni ; year after next ; 
 
 in after years, toa au ni ; the year after year- 
 after-next, coi" ni ; year before last, or in 
 former years, (according to the emphasis, whe- 
 ther placed or the first or the second syllable), 
 toa c6i° ni ; the year before year-before-last, 
 kua ni; hiu ni ; of late years. kii ni ; many 
 years ago. soi" ni ; in former years. cie" ni ; 
 in other years. ko-ca ni; in olden times. e 
 ni ; in coming years. lang ni ; a few years, 
 kui ni ; several years. choi" ni peh ni to m 
 lai ; has not been here for ages. i jieh coi ni- 
 khi? Of what age is he ? u ni-hue kai nang; 
 one advanced in years, i kSii ni-hiie khin ; he 
 is not advanced in years. sio ni nang ; a 
 young person. che" ni chut sfl, lS,u ni cia" co 
 kua"; if one takes degrees in youth, he fills 
 office in old age. i kim ni jieh coi hue ? What 
 is his age this year ? ien ni ; long years ago. 
 hng ni k^i en ; what occurred many years since. 
 
402 
 
 DICTIONARY OP THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 thkng nl ; throngliont the year, piia" ni ; half 
 a year. ciu ni ; all the year ronnd. kue nl ; 
 to pass from one year to the next; the last day 
 of the year. sin ni ; the new year. pai ni ; 
 pay the compliments of the season ; make New 
 Year's calls, ke ni ; older ; added years, cfe 
 nl ; younger ; fewer years. \u° nl ; in youth, 
 ni-hue ci'-cf"; is very youthful. ni-hue sek ; 
 of mature age. si nl, nl h6, sa" ni, tng ni ; 
 
 four years in dates makes three full years in 
 time, i khA cek k6 cu khu kau c6k nl kii ! To 
 go anywhere takes him a year ! cek ni kue 
 
 cek ni ; year after year, ni thhxx ; early in the 
 year, ni bi5e ; the end of the year, ni tdi ; in 
 the middle of the year. ni Ifii ; before the 
 
 close of tlie year. kku nl pi"-pi" cia" kku ; 
 
 arrived just at the close of the year. ni tng 
 gdeh kii k9,i ku ; a matter requiring time, nl- 
 ni; p(ii ni; miie" ni ; every year, cek nl cek nl; 
 year by year. pha kue ni ; after New Year. 
 Ikng ni Ikng ni ; in alternate years. keh ni ; 
 intervening years. keh ke ii<5 ni ; after an 
 
 interval of two years. kau ta" boi Q jioh c6i 
 ni kii ? How many years is it since you bought 
 it ? ni-coih sKng loi-mQeh ; make presents 
 
 during the holidays. cCk jit tng elk nl ; a 
 
 day seems as long as a year, to jit jA ni ; the 
 days are like years in passing. thftu ni lili ; 
 the first year after I came. kku hue nl ; 
 
 during the last year that I was there. tfi,ug 
 ni kua"; magistrates who have entered upon 
 office in the same year. tang nl hia° tl ; men 
 born in the same year, thi" ul hd ; a pro.sperous 
 year. thi" ni cho-siap ; an unfortunate year, 
 ni-cheng hd, ni-cheng n\6 ; a good or bad year 
 for business. kau ti ni cia" co tit \\6 ? When 
 vpill prosperous times return ? hu ni si .sira- 
 mih ni koi ? What year was that P ci cek 
 
 ni lia bo khu ; I have not been there for a year, 
 ni hd, ni mo ; a favorable or unfavorable year, 
 bwn ni ; forever, perpetual. cp ni ; perform 
 the New Year rites. ieh to ti cek kai ni-khi ; 
 limit the time to a certain year. nl-kha si ; 
 
 toward the end of the year, cia" ni kii ; about 
 a year, m khe'ng cek ni ; not so short a period 
 as a year, ni gua ; over a year. m tie" ni ; 
 not a full year. ni chun ce ; a little over a 
 
 year, ni khio ; little more than a year, khui 
 ni ; the opening year. hin-khek ni-cong sue 
 mo° lio ; it is the last evening of the present 
 year. kau mng ni cia° tit cu ; when in the 
 
 evening of life, had a son. i kai ni-sio kai- 
 
 cong ; he has attained a good old age. chia 
 li'o kai ci° Q ni bo gueh ; when he has once 
 got a thing on credit he does not pay till 
 the end of the year. liang ni to si cie°-se°; 
 
 it has always been bo in past years. 1<3U ni, 
 
 b6 kph ie°; for successive years there has been 
 no variation. sa° ni kua" no ni miia"; an 
 
 appointment for three years is often fulfilled 
 in two. 8oi° boi cek-e nl-lio pang-ko; purchase 
 and lay up beforehand the provisions required 
 for a year. ci bu uI bo nang Ifii ; no ono 
 
 has come from there these many years, ki-hng 
 ni ; years of dearth, hong ni ; years of plenty, 
 jun nl; a year having thirteen months, sa" nl 
 cek jun, ng5 nl cai jun ; in every five years 
 there are two years having thirteen mouths, 
 hoh coi III ; many years. i khu lio bd nl b6 
 
 g&eh ; since he went nothing has been heard 
 from him. kim ni hwn-c6 m pi ku ni 6 ; the 
 potatoes of the present year are not to be com- 
 pared with the taro of last year, nl sia"; ni sio; 
 ni khl ; set times in the year. ni slu ; the 
 
 ridge of the nose, from the point to the bridge, 
 a portion of the face considered by fortune- 
 tellers, hfing nl hdng coih ti tng lai a bp? 
 Does he return at the recurrence of the annual 
 festivals ? b6 ua nl ; not many years. c6k nl 
 c6k hue tlch cai h^k-slp ; each year one is a 
 year older, and should have learned some- 
 thing more. lien nl ; through a series of 
 years. ka-ft nl sie lieu Idng-cdng 5i ; for 
 several years in succession this happened in 
 each year, peh ni h&i lau ; may you live har- 
 moniously together a hundred years ; I wish 
 you a century of conjugal bliss. to se" lang 
 p<5 peh hue slu ; it is difficult to secure a 
 hundred years of life in this world, si Su lang 
 pd peh ni phun ; and difficult to ensure the 
 preservation of one's grave for a hundred years 
 after his death. ai° ciah ai° cheng iu ki" ni 
 ki" coih, kang-kho c5i ; what with food and 
 clothing and the annual festivals, it is very 
 hard to make both ends meet, nl chim, jit kxi; 
 long years ago. ni koi ; the year of the cycle, 
 khu kku sa" ni kii ; went there three years 
 ago. kku ta° u chit ni kii ; it is now seven 
 years since, ca nl ; in former times. pat nl ; 
 another year. i lai ekng ni loi ; he brings 
 new year's presents, lek nlcin-kong; annual 
 tribute. ti ni ? What year was it ? kah ni 
 lai, pfa" ni khu ; came in the first year of the 
 cycle, and went in the third. pai-miia" ni ii 
 me ? Is it so every year ? 
 
 ^r ni 5 The breast ; milk. 
 •g^l^ 298 7 i td kio nkng chi ni ; she is a 
 wet nurse, a no" id ciah ni ; the baby is nurs- 
 ing, cang 8ira much lai ciah khut i ii ni ? 
 What can she eat to produce milk ? a-n6° 
 ceng keh ni a biie ? Is the child weaned yet ? 
 gu-ui ; cow's milk, cuh ni ; suck at the breast, 
 llu ni : to milk. 
 
bidfloKAur of the swatoW DiAtEC*. 
 
 403 
 
 %/t^ ni 85 Bigfbied j opinionated. 
 |/|j 630 5 i cd su thi-thi nl-nl j he is rery 
 set in liis ways. i kai nang th\-nl c^i ; lie is 
 very obstinate. ni hnang-cui kui m t\-kaa 
 
 bue c§ng cng ; have held so tenaciously to 
 geomantic rules, that they have not been able 
 to bury the corpse. su m-hd khu, ru-h<5 nl ; 
 should not obstinately adhere to one idea con- 
 cerning the matter. mai" ni tla°-tieh cie"-se°; 
 do not set your heart upon its being exactly so. 
 cia su m-ho cip-nl ; do not be mulish about this. 
 ni-thi, m thong ; set in his opinion so as to be 
 unmoved by argument. 
 
 — nia — 
 nia 181 A collar ; a classifier of gar- 
 545 5 ments and bedding ; to re- 
 ceive from or take ; to manage; to put in order. 
 Ilm-nia ; a collar or bib. Jong ni'a ; a plush col- 
 lar, phue nia ; a fur collar, chiu nia ; a small 
 cape made to wear in autumn, co cek tio nng- 
 ni'a lai kua ; make a scarf to wear. hii-jin kai 
 sa" put-lun kua" jfiah to tieh u nia; women's 
 tunics, whether for cold or for hot weather, 
 must have collars on them. nfa-ke ; a tabbed 
 collar, ah-cih ni'a-ke ; a collar with long round 
 tabs in front and behind. ci teug tliS" cek 
 
 kai nia-kia"; put a collar on over it. ci nfa be- 
 kiia ; this riding jacket, cek nia kun ; a petti- 
 coat, nia phue ; a coverlet, ni'a jok ; a mat- 
 tress. 6i° tng-si cia" lai ni'a lii kai ka ; when 
 I have leisure I shall come to receive your 
 instructions. i^"g jit cia" lai ni'a ka ; will 
 
 come another day and listen to your teachings, 
 nfa meng ; received orders. chi'a" sin-se" si'a 
 cek tie" nfa-sia kai toa"-phien hue-hok i ; ask 
 the teacher to write a card of thanks to return 
 to him. cfa su lia m ka° ni'a lai co ; I dare not 
 undertake the transaction of this business. ai° 
 ni'a ci'a khang-khiie lai co tieh cak-liang c6 tit 
 lai ; if one is to undertake to do this work he 
 must reckon upon being able to perform 
 it. si lia khu pd-nia i chut lai ; it was I 
 who went and bailed him out. toa ni'a i lai 
 ki° ua; bring him to see me. nia su kua"; a 
 Consul. cong nfa su kua"; a Consul- General. 
 i ceng nfa loi a bue ? Has he been baptised 
 yet ? i m nfa i kai nang-cheng ; he takes 
 
 no favors from him. to kia", nfa bun-peng au, 
 cu khi'-sin khu hu jira ; after receiving appoint- 
 ment at the capital, he starts on his way to his 
 post. nfa siu ; to receive. meng i nfa pia" 
 khu sfu lo-khau ; order him to take troops and 
 go and guard an important pass. to kua"-hu 
 kp nfa ngun khu chai-boi ; received money from 
 the magistrate that he might go and buy in 
 some, ham i sfa tie" nfa-ceng lai nfa ; tell him 
 
 to write a certificate of loan, and come and 
 take a commission) 
 
 1^» nfa 46 A mountain range } a ridge or 
 R^ 546 14 sierra ; a road over a ridge, 
 peh kau 8ua"-nfa-th&u ; climbed to the higliest 
 point of the ridge. pua" sua" kiie nfa ; cross 
 the range of mountains. sua" nfa teng } the 
 apex of the ridge. nfa-lam, b6 h^ng sii, cek 
 ho pien seng chiu ; the southern provinces are 
 neither cold nor hot, and after one rain au- 
 tumn comes on. 
 
 I^rt nia 80 To face ; facing towards. 
 |Kj 190 8 no cue pho sie nia ; two rows 
 of shops facing each other. i li nia kue lAi, i 
 li nia kiie khu ; one faces one way, and the 
 other faces the other way. ai" nia cf kfi.i sua" 
 tieh nia cia"-cia"; if it is to face this hill, it 
 must face it squarely. i nia ti cek poi" kp ? 
 Which way does it face ? i k4i ihka nia-uia 
 t(5 tang i lai ; he stood with his head turned 
 in that direction, waiting for him. ai" nia 
 
 khf a ai" nia Iph ? Do you want it to face up 
 stream or down ? 
 
 # 
 
 nia 9 To wait for and expect, 
 1073 4 i td ng-nia i; she is depending 
 on him for aid. nfa m hd sie ng-nia ; you 
 should not be waiting each for the other, nia- 
 nia td tang i lai ; waiting around and expecting 
 him to come. 
 
 nia 190 The nape or ridge of the neck 
 
 632 15 on an animal, 
 fu, hu tio nia kai mo", pf pat kp kki fo nge ; the 
 bristles along the spine of a hog are stiffer than 
 they are elsewhere on the animal. 
 
 nia 195 The dorsal fin. 
 iu{ 3 346 10 hu nia kut ; the spines of the 
 dorsal fin. pak pang hu-nia kp Ifo tio khf ; 
 
 fasten it to the dorsal fin and hang it up 
 thereby. 
 
 map 
 633 
 
 — map — 
 64 To trump up a charge ; to 
 9 find a pretext for accusing 
 another ; to fabricate. 
 
 niap-su bu-ham ; to inform against falsely, 
 niap cek khi ue lai ta°; made up a story to tell 
 about him. niap-cheng khiam i k9,i ci"; false- 
 ly testified that he owed him money. cia s§ 
 si niap-cSu kai ; this is a fabrication, niap kaii 
 u cheng u If, fi ceng ii kQ ; made up a charge 
 that appeared wholly reasonable, and capable of 
 proof. niap kau cf kia" su sio-sio ; fabricated 
 a story which had a close resemblance to tho 
 truth. 
 
404 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 rt3U niap 145 To lay folds or plaits ; to 
 TSI* 41 18 pucker. 
 
 niap kai koi"; lay a plait. niap kau ceng- 
 
 cetig koi"; it is all puckered up. mlu teng niap 
 kai koi"; he has a puckered scar on his face. 
 
 niap 167 Forceps; pincers; tweezers; 
 
 632 18 to nip up; to pull out. 
 niap-kia°; tweezers. c6k ki ah-niap ; a pair of 
 nippers used in plucking out duck's feathers, 
 thill niap; forceps, niap chiu ; pluck out the 
 beard. ci'a tieh Q ki niap lai niap cia" po ; 
 there must be a pair of nippers to pull this out 
 with, then it can be effectively done. 
 
 TJHL niap 64 To act for; capable of direct- 
 jfm 760 18 ing ; to control. 
 c6k kua" niap n5 in ; one officer holding two 
 offices. i k&i Imn kliut kiii niap kliu k&i le"; 
 he is as if possessed by a devil, niap t&u-th&i 
 kai in s\ k&i gueh ; acted as Intendant of 
 Circuit for four mouths. c6ng-tok kiara 
 
 niap bii-l"; the Governor acts also as Major 
 General. 
 
 niap 120 To ran a seam ; to sew. 
 
 633 18 ci kai sa" suaVue lih khu, 
 tieh leng-ua" niap li<5 ; the seam in this tunic 
 is ripped, it must be again run together, niap 
 bua ; to run together. i kai cam li-li niap, 
 li-li niap ; her needle flies in and out. 
 
 P^ niap 80 A railing, wrathful tone ; to 
 l\ 633 7 mimic tones. 
 i kai chie khek si niap fta-leng t(5 clue ; he 
 sings his ballads in a female voice. 
 
 niap 64 To mould ; to work over. 
 \Zll 633 9 cang th6 lai niap cek kai 
 file"; take clay and make an image. niap kau 
 ne slo-slo; moulded it into a very close likeness. 
 Bio-bslk tang i khu niap ; as to the accounts, 
 wait till ho goes and brings them into shape. 
 tftng soi niap kau toa ; worked at it from 
 childhood to manhood. tang che° niap kau 
 
 afik, hwn-lio boi m khu ; have had it in hand 
 from the time when it was green until it 
 became ripe, and still have not sold it. 
 
 4;^ niap 64 To pinch; to hold tightly; 
 ^i\i^ 633 8 to take up ; to manipulate, 
 cxia li poh, chi'u mai" niap ; the paper is thin, 
 do not grasp it tightly. chi'u ce niap m kin 
 
 cu ka-lauh khu ; if you do not grasp it tightly 
 it will drop out of your hand. niap li'o m ho 
 CO boi boi ; after they have been handled over 
 they are not saleable. chiu khu niap in-ni, 
 
 niap kaa ^ng-ang; has dabbled in the ronsre 
 
 till her hands are red. kha chfa tieh psing 
 
 khue ce mai° cek kai th&u cu niap cek kiia ; 
 you must move faster and not be a half day 
 dressing your hair. 
 
 i^ !te I 
 
 A tael, the highest weight used 
 in Chinese money transactions, 
 and equivalent to nearly one and a half ounces, 
 lu teng th6i° li kui nfo tftng ; you weigh it and 
 see how many ounces it weighs. sa° uie t&ng; 
 three ounces in weight, piia" kun tui poih nie; 
 half a Chinese pound is eight Chinese ounces. 
 5 jit 81 nie Ki nfe khua'-khua" kuah ; hereafter 
 you will suffer the ignominious punishment 
 of being slowly cut to pieces. i t6a u 
 
 ngiin.nie lai a bo? Did he bring money? 
 81 nfe, sa" ci", ng6 hun pua"; four taels, three 
 mace and five and a half candareens. s! l&a 
 ngiin-k&i, a si iQn ngtin-nfe ? Is it dollars or 
 taels that are under discussion ? cla p6 
 
 ci^k k&i ng6-c&p ui'e; these bars of silver are 
 each fifty taels in weight. ci ki chin si c&p* 
 l&k nfe a cftp-poih nie ? Do these steelyards 
 weigh sixteen or eighteen ounces to the catty ? 
 c&p nie khf tieh 16h thien-phSng; for over ten 
 ounces, it mast be put into the balances, 
 teng ki jl-cftp nfe chiu ; the steelyard bar rests 
 at twelve ounces. hSug chin kun cia" c&p-jl 
 nie, Q. khi cftp-si nie ; the Chinese pound aver- 
 dupois, is twelve or fourteen ounces. choi" 
 
 nie ng-kim b6 sia sio; a promise of a thousand 
 taels of gold is not entered in account, cia bd 
 cftp nfe la fieh G piia" kun; if there are not 
 ten ounces of this, there must be at least a half 
 a pound. nfe ngiin tau jieh c6i ci" ? What is 
 the amount of cash given in exchange for a 
 tael ? nfo kiii kai ci ? How many cash is it 
 per ounce ? cfa t6 sek ngfin cek nfe ; this tea 
 is a dime an ounce. ci ki chin nfe-cle° sfam ; 
 this steelyard gives short weight. cf chph 
 
 hue fo u kun nfe ; these goods are more nearly 
 of the weight they are marked at. bo kun 
 
 nfe ; short of the number of pounds marked as 
 their weight. phak sih kun nfe ; lose weight 
 in drying. cek kheng eng thiah sih jieh coi 
 nfe ? How much will each basketful lose in 
 weight when it comes to be divided up ? 
 pheug sa°-peh nfe nguu hai" i ; weigh out in 
 the balance three hundred taels and pay him. 
 i pho lai cek jit pheng chut u kiii nfe ngun 
 pheng-thau ; in their shop, they gain several 
 taels per day from the overplus of weight in 
 the money taken in. si pheng sih cek nfe a 
 
 pheng chut cek nfe ? Did he lose or gain a 
 tael on the amount that was weighed in small 
 •rvrirtions ? 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 405 
 
 iiie 38 A girl ; a young lady ; a 
 631 7 female ; a goddess ; applied to 
 what is beautiful or elegant, 
 si ta-po a si ou-nio ? Is it a boy or a girl ? se" 
 kui cu-nie kia" ; has given birth to a daughter. 
 a-nie-kia°; a little girl. nin lai thoi" kai ngi'a 
 a-nie ; come and see this elegant lady. chua 
 sin-nie ; bring home a bride. gueh-nie ; the 
 moon. a tia nie ; your father and niotjier. 
 
 un a-nle J our mother; the lady of the house; 
 the housemother, in a large and rich family. 
 a sia nle ; the squire's wife. ta-po nang co su 
 a-nie a-nie; a man who is feminine in his ways, 
 kwn-ira nie; the goddess Kwanyin. 
 
 «- ^^ « nie 166 To measure the quantity or 
 jM-^^ 526 5 size of ; to deliberate ; to take 
 counsel upon. 
 
 iiie thoi" jieh tng ; measure it and see how long 
 it is. nie tleh khah tiig ; find by measuring 
 that it is too long, nie thoi" kau me; measure 
 and see if there is enough, nie bi; measure out 
 rice. eang tau lai nie ; take a peck measure 
 and measure it. kau-nie ; to consult about, to 
 talk over a matter together. khieh ki chieh 
 lai nie tlioi" u chieh-thau a bo; take a foot rule 
 and measure it and see whetlier there is any- 
 thing over the exact number of feet. kau-nie 
 lai la m si thp-tang rix mai°; if on talking it 
 over it is not thought to be safe, then we will 
 not do it. f-u-nie; to bargain; to cheapen goods; 
 to haggle about the price. pu-nie lai, c6^k ta" 
 chit kai ngun ; made a bargaii^ for it at seven 
 dollars per picul. su-nie iIi tng ke, tlip ci" ai° 
 sie me"; if a definite price be not agreed upon, 
 there will be a quarrel at the time for payment. 
 
 i^^ nie 119 Rations ; soldier's pay ; food, 
 'jj^ 524 7 provisions ; taxes in grain 
 or kind. 
 
 khau-nie; victuals; stores. hwt khau-nie; 
 give out rations. koi nie-bi; convoy rations, 
 toa kang nie ; take along dry provisions, nie- 
 chau ; fodder, ci^-nie ; stipend. kiap nie ; to 
 f oi'age. nie-tSu ; the commissioner who collects 
 the revenues of a province, nie hiang; revenue, 
 in grain, 'un nie ; transport the grain taken as 
 taxes. nie-ciah cok ; the provisions are suffi- 
 cient, khiam nie ; owes taxes. wn nie ; the 
 land tax. nie ho ; tax-payers. nie che ; tax 
 collectors, lap nie; to pay taxes at stated times. 
 
 Die 75 A beam or girder. 
 
 525 7 thang nie ; the cross-bar of a 
 water-bucket, ci kai nang si kok ke kai tang 
 nie; this mau is a pillar of the state, kie nie; 
 the girders of a bridge. phi" nie ; the bridge 
 ©f the nose. 
 
 
 nie 50 A valance or curtain. 
 
 253 10 nie-sua"; an umbrella with 
 an embroidered valance depending from its 
 edges, khia ki toa nie-sua"; carry a curtained 
 umbrella. 
 
 nie 184 To throw in, as in a bargain; 
 Ijti 292 12 to spare, 
 i to khut nie ; he is begging to be let off. khiu 
 i nie chi'u ce ; beseech him to stay his hand, i 
 lai min coi" khiu nie mla°; he came forward and 
 begged for his life. tit nie nang chu, chi'a" 
 
 nie nS,ng ; when you let a man off, then do ifc 
 fully and frankly. nie cek chut ; give an 
 
 extra act in a play. nie i c6k liap ci, si nle i 
 ku a si nie i be ? In giving him one chessman^ 
 did he give him a queen or a knight ? 
 
 nie 149 To cede, to yield, to give 
 
 291 It" way. 
 nie i soi";. allow him to take precedence, nie i 
 CO toa ui ; yield the chief seat to him. liang- 
 ke sie-nie cu hua-khi; if each yields to the 
 other there will be harmony. 
 
 — nili — 
 
 lih 109 To wink. 
 
 784 13 nih mak ; to wink, mak ce 
 nih cu kau; will reach there now in a jiffy, 
 chioh-chioh-nih ; to look around as if lost in 
 thought. nih-a-nih j winking slowly. thi" 
 kong nih mak ; the thunder-god winks ; it 
 lightens. 
 
 d'S^ nih 157 To walk softly and with 
 |r|0 780 iT short steps, 
 nih kha nih kha kliua°-khua" kia°; walk slowly 
 and with short steps. i cp-ni nih kha nih 
 
 kha, m ka" kia" toa huah ? Why does he walk 
 so carefully, not venturing to take long steps ? 
 kia" khu nih-a-nih ; walks mincingly. 
 
 y« J nih 82 nih-chih-to ; short hair. i 
 -^ L 1014 8' kai thau-rao" nih-chih-to, co- 
 ho ta cang ? Her hair is very short, how can 
 she do it up in the style of a grown woman ? 
 hui-chA kai mo° nih-chih-tp, cheng cp oi sie? 
 A squirrel's fur is short, how can one be warm 
 in wearing it ? 
 
 H^fe nih 140 The rootlets of leaves or 
 rt^* 846 11 grasses ; appendages. 
 i bp tiie bp nih, ti-kp to ho khu ; he has na 
 encumbrances, and can go anywhere. i tue- 
 nih kai bo kai kia" to kp ; he is cumbered by a 
 wife and children, i kSi sio-bak hai" khu hp. 
 cai, cQi-lai m pat fi tiie-nih ; he squares up his 
 accounts in a very exact way, and has not 
 
406 
 
 DTCTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 mik 2^8 
 
 u 
 
 heretofore left any balance to be afterward 
 settled. sio-bak chwn boi nih khiara ; his 
 
 account has no small balance left for col- 
 lection, cie"-se" tiie-tiie nih-uih kang-kho 
 cai ; there are all sorts of little hindrances 
 making it very difficult. 
 
 — nin — 
 
 You, plural. 
 298 cia si irin kai ; this belongs 
 to your folks, nf n chfa° cp ; please take seats. 
 nin ti-tiang-si lai ? When did you all come ? 
 ci ko chang si ni'n ksli a si in kai ? Is this field 
 yours or theirs ? r7i cai s! nin kai a si lin kiii ; 
 do not know whether it is yours or ours. 
 i kio nin u chin me ? Is he a relation of 
 yours ? in pat nin ; tliey are acquainted with 
 your people. 
 
 — nio" — 
 nio" 64 To tickle, titilate or cnjolc. 
 
 32 4 tu ce nio" i cu ut loh khu ; 
 titilate a pig a little and he will go to sleep, 
 ce nio" cu ai* chie ; if you tickle hira he will 
 langh. lift ni-ui nio"; I am not easily tickled. 
 khua''-khua" lai nio° i ; gradually cajole him 
 into it. 
 
 nio".nd Lissome; slender; flexible. 
 632 se" l&i rfm kI nfo".ii<5 ; is 
 naturally very graceful. nio"-nio" n<5-n<5; very 
 graceful. 
 
 vW nio" 170 To wrinkle ; creases. 
 TVPJ 962 IcT nio" bai ; to scowl. i kai 
 mill phue <5i nio"; her face is wrinkled. hJah 
 teng oi nio" hun ; his brow is furrowed. nio" 
 cek cue hun ; make a crease. i kai min phue 
 poh-poh, ciig kai boi nio"; her face is fair, and 
 without wrinkles. cih hp-h6, mai" nio" hun ; 
 fold it nicely and do not wrinkle it. cp kau 
 sa° nio"-nio"; sat till lier tunic was rumpled, 
 i thoi" tieh, phi" nio" chiii nio"; when he saw 
 it he drew up his face as if to laugh, ciii min 
 kai ciii-po-liun iiio"-nio"; the surface of the 
 water is rippled. i cie" lS,u, kai phue to boi 
 
 nio"; though so old, his skin is not shriveled. 
 
 — nioh — 
 
 nioh 142 To squirm ; to wriggle ; 
 
 305 14 to twitch, 
 nioh-nioh-tang ; just able to move; to twitch 
 and squirm slightly like a half killed reptile, 
 cua hwn-h'o 6i nih-nioh tin-tang, tieh phah ke 
 Ep e ; the snake can still wriggle a little, you 
 must give him a couple of blows more. ciii- 
 koi tok CO no sa" ko h\vn-lio 6i nih-nioh tin- 
 ting ; a frog when cut in two or three pieces 
 will still continue to twitch and jerk. 6i nioh- 
 
 nioh-t5ng, si 6i uah kai ie"; it squirms, as if it 
 were alive. hi'a ie" si hue si kui ie", hwn oi 
 
 nioh-nioh-fSng ; that does not appear to be 
 dead, it still moves a little. 
 
 nfu" 64 To reject from the mouth, 
 383 9 using tongue and teeth in 
 selecting the oJBTcnding object, 
 u kut, tieh cai niu' tlo, mai" ke" tieh ; if there 
 are bones in it you must pick them out of the 
 month and not get choked by them. 
 
 "'^' 1?9 -^ ^"^ ^^ pocket. 
 549 8 cien-niu"; a cut-purse, 
 huang c/en-n^a"; beware of pickpockets. 
 
 kun 
 
 IS 
 
 ni'u" 04 To collar; to gripe; to clutch. 
 
 639 4 nfu" i khu pliua; collar liim 
 and take hira to theyamun. niu" kuu pua" lo, 
 khut i cau kliu ; dragged him Iialf way, when 
 he made his escape. niu" to ci ko kue ; took 
 him by force past here. niu" kau ; seize and 
 deliver to the authorities. 
 
 nfa" 167 A button, a knob. 
 
 638 ' 4 sa" niu"; buttons on a tunic, 
 sa" liap nfu"; three button.s. cp-in'u"; buttons 
 made of knotted cord, phah cp-niu"; to make 
 cloth buttons. niu" phang ; a loop, used as a 
 button hole. kng min kui ni'u"; plain metal 
 buttons, hue nfu; ornamental buttons. 
 
 niu" 149 Falsity ; error ; to mislead. 
 
 601 11 pQe-niu"; misleading; falla- 
 cious, hu-niu"; fabulous, lu thoi" i kai ue u 
 niu" a bo ? Do you think what he says ex. 
 travagant ? ch^ng niu"; conceal a falsehood. 
 
 — nng — 
 
   /^ nng 88 Women ; females ; feminine. 
 „^% 641 si nng-jin a si lam-jiu ? Is 
 it a man or a woman ? lam nng kia"; sons 
 
 and daughters. thong nng ; a girl ; a virgin, 
 hii-nug; women. siennng; a sylph. keng 
 nng ; a woman belonging to the palace. ling 
 liu ; womenfolk. nng ke, lam hun ; women 
 marry and men take wives, si se" lam a si se" 
 nng ? Has slie given birth to a boy or to a 
 girl ? cieh nng ; a barren woman. 
 
 tXr^ nng 159 Soft ; delicate ; weak ; ten- 
 y\ 305 >4 der ; ductile, pliable, yield- 
 ing ; limber ; lithe ; with no fixed principles ; 
 intirm of purpose. 
 
 hip nng ; soften it by covering it closely and 
 keeping it warm. cim i nug ; soften it by 
 
 soaking, nng-jiak ; weak ; debilitated, ti ti 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 407 
 
 ^h{ nng kha pe"; has a weakness of the legs. 
 )at nug-sj khun ; understand the art of self- 
 lefense in boxing. toh hfa jiu-nng kai ; 
 
 ;elect a flexible one. pue i nng ; soften it bj 
 keeping it before the fire. clicng kau cek sin 
 cap-cap nng ; have worn it till it is limp, pin 
 -»in sng-nug ; my whole body is lame. kha 
 
 dag- nng; legs are weak. klia sng ohm nng ; 
 .imbs weary and aching, kai sim-ci nng ; has* 
 10 grit; is irresolute. kia" lio nng-nah-ue; 
 in walking he staggers from weakness, thong 
 sin nng ue-vie ; his whole body is limp and 
 lifeless, thoi" tieh nng ki, ung to; it appears 
 to be all wilted down, nug-nieh ; no strength 
 .)f muscle; no energy. i cie"- si thang kau 
 
 nng-nap cai ; he is lately earning so much as 
 to be in easy circumstances, cang kiin ciii lai 
 lam i nng ; take hot water and dash upon it 
 to soften it. sin bi pug, ciah tieh nng-nng, 
 
 hp cai ; the rice of the newly gathered crop 
 tastes very tender and good. i kai rao° lo 
 
 nge, i kai mo" io nng ; the one has stiff bristles 
 and the other soft fur. hia khi, khut i ce 
 
 tang cu nng ; it sets my teeth on edge, as soon 
 as it touches them. nng-soih kai raueh-kia° 
 siu CO cek e ; take the small, delicate articles 
 that would be easily broken, and put them 
 too-ether. i kai hik io nge, i kai lAk io nng ; 
 he one is ratlier stiff, the other more pliant. 
 «n-bp khah nng khut i ; do not be too easy 
 with him. ue tieh ta" nng ce, mai" ta" khah 
 ige ; speak more gently, do not speak too 
 .arshly. cia 6i si nng toi kai a si nge tdi 
 
 k'li ? Are these shoes soled with felt or with 
 wood ? hau-se" tiang-si cih io nng, oh ue io 
 koi ; in youth the tongue is flexible, and it is 
 easier to learn languages. hu e kai ti-kha 
 
 nng ; the base is not firm. liang poi" ku m 
 
 kheng tail nng ; neither party was willing to 
 yield at all. i kai 6i nge, boi nng ; he can be 
 firm, but not complaisant. pua° nge pua" 
 
 nng ; firm and gentle ; forcible and yet mild, 
 i cie^-se" si Ip so nge nng kai ; in so doing 
 they are trjdug to see which can be the most 
 determined. cia tieh cang nng sph lai pak ; 
 must tie this with a slack rope; must use 
 gentleness in order to bind, khi-thau-e pang 
 iing-iing, pang i lai jip si; at first, make things 
 very easy for him, and thus get him in your 
 power. i si khi-hu i nng-kha-chih ; he 
 
 abuses him because he is a soft-shelled crab; he 
 imposes on his weakness, i kili sira-tiig nng; 
 kis disposition is very yielding, phong phiie 
 fit tieh io nng; a fluffy coverlet is softest to 
 sleep in. i keng teng kai lau-ia si nge sin kai 
 a si nng sin kai ? Is the idol in that temple, 
 a solid one with painted clothes, or a jointed 
 
 one with real clothes? thi°-si juah, hu3 
 
 kau ne nng-nng; in hot weather it becomes 
 very plastic. nng kha cluW ; a table with, 
 
 folding legs. ai" ngo cu nge, ai nng cii nng ; 
 can be firm when firmness is necessary, and 
 compliant when compliance is desirable. swn 
 no ki ko nng-nng jiin-jun ktli ; select two very 
 elastic and tough poles. iu nng in boi cih ; 
 
 elastic but not easily broken. ling kng ; soft 
 steel. i kai nng sim cSi ; is tender hearted, 
 
 chng tieh i kai ling to ; stabbed him in the 
 bowels, mong tieh nap-nap niig; it feels very 
 soft. cia tieh eng iing si, m hp eng nge si ; in 
 this, gentleness not severity must be exercised, 
 chip kau ling-nng; knead it over till it becomes 
 very soft. 
 
 SejlT ii'ig 97 The pulp of a squash or 
 ^/j\ 290 17 melon ; the pith of plants ; 
 the second film or coating of a branch, 
 si-kue si ciah kue-iing, tang-kue si liu tio iing 
 m ciah ; of watermelons the innermost pulp is 
 eaten, of squashes the innermost pulp is dug 
 out and is not eaten, tio-kue iing; the middle 
 pulp of a cucumber. tek iii-ig ; the pith of 
 
 bamboos. eng sng-siii ki kai ji-iing ; use the 
 coating which lies close under the bark of 
 the mulberry. 
 
 ^"o 1^ -^ term of respect ; a gentle- 
 
 504 7 man. 
 leng iing ; your son. sin-ring ; a bridegroom, 
 ci no nang si iing ku ; these two are brothers- 
 in-law. a-nng ; my sister's husband. si cp ti 
 cSk po kai si-ring ? Of which Board is he the 
 Vice President ? 
 
 igfe nng 120 To overstitch ; to hem ; to 
 
 fy^ 633 13 overcast. 
 
 lu si ai" nng a si ai" niap ? Shall I 
 
 or run it ? ixng iu" cam iu" cam 
 
 ^ 
 
 with very fine stitches. 
 a tunic. 
 
 overhand it 
 
 overhand it 
 
 ring kai sa"; make 
 
 m 
 
 nng 26 Eggs. 
 
 570 5 koi nng, ah nng, go nng, cio 
 nng; the eggs of hens, ducks, geese and birds. 
 16 nng; pickled eggs. iing jin, iing peh, ring 
 khak ; the yolk, the white and the shell of an 
 egg. koi nng kai heng si i" lio, toa tiig-sien : 
 cek than io toa, cek than io soi ; the shape of a 
 hen's egg is circular in one way, and eliptical 
 the other : one end is larger than the other, 
 kha nng ; break an egg. phah nng ; to beat 
 
 up an egg. koi nng ko ; sponge cake. pu 
 nng; to hatch eggs, lin ah nng; hatch ducks' 
 eggs by artificial heat. se" nng ; to lay eggs, 
 nng toa"; undeveloped eggs, pu nng ; poached 
 eggs. ie° nng ; egg fritters. cha nng; fried 
 
408 
 
 DICTIONART OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 eggs, sah Sng; boiled eggs. luah nng pau; 
 omelet, iiiig si ; shredded eggs, suli kai urig 
 khub i ah kia"; boil an egg and give it him to 
 |)aeify his fears, phue uiig ; eggs preserved in 
 clay, fiag phaU pha"; eggs beaten to a froth. 
 
 — no" — 
 ^fiPC no" 89 A child ; children, (When 
 ~ jf -* 160 6 followed by the dirainative 
 the tone changes to the high even tone). 
 a-no"-kk"; children ; bairns. a-nO", m lid cie"- 
 se"5 my child, do not do that, ong a-no"; jolt 
 baby. pho a-n6"; have a babe in arms. se* 
 a-no"; give birth to an infant, kio a-no"; kang 
 a-no"; to take care of a child as a nurse does; 
 to be with child. lu Q a-no"-kia" a bOe ? 
 
 Have you any children yet? kk a-no"-kia" 
 
 kui-kii; teach the children how to behave, 
 k" a-no" ut ; get the baby to sleep, a-no" hng- 
 hng-kie ; the baby whines. a-no'-ki'a" sle'; 
 
 childish notions. lu cO su raki' kio a-no'-kuv" 
 h\o"-se"; do not act childishly. t5a nung hi a 
 si a-no"-kia" hi? Are the players adults or 
 children ? a-no"-kia" kih keng-can ; children 
 build playhouses. a-no"-kia" ki-ka-kie ; chil- 
 dren chatter, ham a-no"-kia" mai" cih-cnh-kie ; 
 tell the children not to make a noise calling out. 
 ham a-no"-kia° kai kha mai" khit-khok-kie ; 
 tell the children not to make a noise with their 
 feet. a-no".k{a" pliah phong-phle lu hau", iu 
 ui ; when children fire off crackers, they are 
 both pleased and afraid, lu toa li'o, mai" cong- 
 ku oh a-no°-kia° kai ie" ; since you are full 
 grown do not continue to behave as if you 
 were a child. a-n6° keh n! a hue ? Is the baby 
 weaned yet ? a-no" ai" ciah ni, tieh lai chi ; 
 
 the child wishes to nurse and must be allowed 
 to do so. cak kau a-no'-kiu" che'"; made a 
 
 noise and woke up the baby. ji'ang kslu a^no" 
 che"; woke the baby by screaming out. 
 
 no" 38 A person bought with money; 
 
 640 2 it now generally means those 
 sentenced to slavery ; an abject ; a term of 
 contempt. 
 
 no"-p6k; a male slave. n6"-pT ; a female slave, 
 ci'e" ci° no"; a miser, no" chai ; Your Servant, 
 (used by the Manchus when addressing the 
 emperor). bue se" chie", soi" se" chie"-n6"; 
 
 before the elephant was produced, the elephant 
 keeper was brought forth. a-tia m co, ai" co 
 no"; if you won't be a master, you will be a 
 slave ; (said in scolding a naughty child) . 
 
 — noi" — 
 noi" 82 Hard and crisp; solid; dense. 
 210 18 ciah tieh toi".n6i" t6i"-n6i" 
 ne ; iu eating it, it seems very firm-fleshed. 
 
 n. 
 
 pu lio cong-ku toi"-n6i"; after being cooked it 
 continues very hard. mong tieh hu toi 6i 
 
 t6i"-n6i°; can feel a hard lump inside. 
 
 n6i" 140 The lotus, the flower con- 
 633 11 secrated to Buddha, 
 hue ; the lotus or water-lily, of which 
 there are many varieties, ndi" ci, noi" ki, noi" 
 hieh, noi' kilu ; the seeds, stems, leaves and 
 roots of the lotus. noi" kng; a large jar in 
 
 which water-lilies are grown. so noi"; tho 
 
 dwarf lotus. ag noi"; yellow lilies, hu noi"; 
 ground lilies. t6k-kha n6i"; a plant like 
 the arum. noi'- hue hah, noi" chiu ; petals 
 
 and stamens of the lotus. noi" tl ; a lotus 
 
 pond, hwn Idu i kai noi" po ; still detain her 
 from departing. noi" po ; a lady-like gait, 
 
 ndi" po ; tbd seed-pod of the lotus. 
 
 n6i" 140 The lichi, a fruit found in 
 622 6' Southern China, 
 noi'-kiie; n6i-kuai"; the lichi. cii hut n6i"- 
 
 kiiai"; tho small-seeded lichi. o hieh n6i"- 
 
 kiiai"; the dark foliaged lichi. n6i" kiiai" 
 
 kua"; dried lichis. hong hue n6i"-kuai"; tho 
 thick-rinded yellow lichi. 
 
 n6i* 140 An aquatic vegetable. 
 
 644 8 ndi"-kak; the water caltrop, 
 or buffalo horn, whose fruit is eaten. noi"- 
 
 kak ti; a pool in which the water caltrop 
 grows. tiah kiii liap che" noi°-kak lai ciah ; 
 
 pick a few water caltrops to eat. 
 
 noi" 75 A tree bearing lilac flowers, 
 636 9 the melia azederuch, or I'rido 
 
 of India. 
 
 kho-noi" chio ; the Pride of India tree. 
 
 J2|& 
 
 noi 157 To set the heel upon and 
 11 9 grind down ; to tread upon, 
 cang kha lai noi"; set the foot upon and 
 destroy, noi" co uek-cie"; trampled to a jelly 
 
 — no" — 
 
 no" 19 To exert the utmost strength; 
 
 64L 5 to agonize for ; to put forth 
 tiie la.st effort ; a desperate, deadly struggle, 
 kun-su hiie naug-naug no°-lak hiang coi"; the 
 soldiers, every man, rushed forward with all 
 their energy. tieh ceng nang np"-lak cia" li 
 
 po ; must all strive with the utmost force, then 
 it may be effectual. 
 
 tV^ no" 61 Timid ; soft ; imbecile. 
 iTftt 640 14 i kai nang no°-3iak ; he is in- 
 firm, i cng kai np°-jiak cSi, bo eng ; he is 
 altogether infirm of purpose, and good for 
 nothing. 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE STVATOW DIALECT. 
 
 409 
 
 no" 64 To move ; to change the place 
 639 T or purpose of ; to misapply. 
 iVno''; to hypothecate. ci"-ngun bI ka-ki kai, 
 a si to nang ko i-n6" lai kai ? la the money his 
 own, or did he get it from some one by giving 
 a lien on what was bought with it ? 
 
 — ' no" 7 Two. 
 
 - 721 ang cfa n5" ndng cp-pukhu^; 
 
 husband and wife both went. nfn hia" ti no" 
 nang h6 lai ; both of you brothers may come. 
 ii5" jit hwn-h'o biie hd ; two days have passed 
 and still they are not done. koh ke no" jit ; 
 after a lapse of two days, ke no jit ; two days 
 more, ke no" kai khut I'la; gave me two more. 
 i no ciah mak kim-kim td thoi"; he is gazing at 
 it with all his eyes, no" ciah chi'u pho kin-kfn; 
 hold it tightly with both hands, no" ciah kha 
 c6k ciah io toa ; one of his feet is larger than 
 the other, ta" chun b6 no" tio mo"; he has now 
 scarcely a hair left on his head. pai no" ciah 
 f; set two chairs in place. no" le, tl ie" h(^ ; 
 of the two sorts, which is the better. lai no" 
 hue h'o ; he has been here twice already, no" 
 tng tia"; only twice. bo no" e cu ho ; it will 
 be°done at a stroke, no" pai ta" no" khwn; at 
 the two different times he talked about two 
 different styles. no' koi" keh piah ; two 
 
 adjoining rooms. keh cp no" kueh ; divide 
 
 it into two. lia ta" ke no" ku ue h'o ; I want 
 to say a word or two more, u sa" no" kai tia ; 
 have only two or three, bo no* ie" sim ; have 
 no two minds about it. no" to sie pla" pit u 
 c6k ip khih ; when two knives clash one of 
 them will certainly be nicked. no" in lau ; a 
 two storey building. cp ke no" keh tah- 
 
 po-cang ; make two more steps in the stairs, 
 lih cp no" poi"; tear it in two. peh cp no" kp ; 
 break it in two with the fingers. a cp no" 
 
 kueh ; wrench it in two. cih cp no" tdng ; 
 
 fold it so as to make two layers. thah cp 
 no" thah ; pile them up in two piles. l^u 
 no" phuah chiu ; let two tufts of beard grow 
 out. miie" tng si si pua" no" ua"; at each 
 
 meal there are four dishes of solid and two of 
 fluid food. i no" kai bo, cia" se" no" kai kia"^; 
 his two wives bore him two sons. no" tio lo 
 Bui lu kia"; take whichever you please of the 
 two roads. no" mng sui lu jip ; enter which 
 you please of the two doors, no" sua" sie thah, 
 chia" chut ; one mountain on top of another 
 (makes the letter which stands for "exit"), 
 please take you departure. no" koi" phah 
 
 thang cp cek koi"; make two rooms into one. 
 no" ki ui ; two-masted, no" phi" mng ; double 
 doors. ai° cp cp no" keh a sa" keh ? Do you 
 want it made with two compartments or with 
 
 three ? mm n5" tk" cu ti"; it will take less 
 
 than two loads to fill it. cdk thftu m cai n6" 
 kueh jit ; those on one side of a disk do nob 
 know what is on the other side. n6" lia" khap 
 c6 cek ua"; turn the contents of the two bowls 
 into one. cek ie" cu ke°, io u no" ie" hi ; in one 
 mess of pottage there cannot be two different 
 flavours. 
 
 "fOL no" 61 Anger, wrath ; fury ; ire ; 
 iUi>» 641 6 passion ; to get in a rage, 
 chok tieh i kai no"; excited his wrath, cgk st 
 hwt no"; suddenly came incensed. pSu no" 
 sie" kua"; violent passion injures the liver. 
 
 no" 80 A final particle, denoting cer- 
 
 611 7 tainty. 
 he" no"; yes, to be sure. hd no"; that will do 
 very well. rn-ui no"; there is nothing to fear, 
 khieh no"; take it, certainly. 
 
 4;BI| nua" 64 To stop ; to hinder ; to em- 
 j|™J 601 17 barrass. 
 bp nang ka" lai nua"-cd; no one dare come and 
 put a stop to it. bp cd bp nua", tit-tit cu kau 
 hii-k6; no interference nor impediment, so 
 that we went there straightway, nua" kie jip^ 
 tia"; embarrass the sedan in entering the court- 
 yard, nua" lo chi'e" kiap ; waylay and rob. 
 nua" c6ih to io lo k6; beset them in the pass. 
 nAa" m cu ; could not stop them. 
 
 nua" 75 
 
 601 17 
 
 a cattle pen. 
 
 niSa" 85 
 
 982 7 
 
 A pen ; a railing. 
 
 c6" niia"; a well-curb. gfi. 
 
 Saliva. 
 
 lau nua"; to drool. nua°- 
 ciii ki-ki lau ; the saliva ran out continually. 
 Jiang kau an bp nua"; shrieked till my throat 
 was parched. thoi" tieh to tS,m nua"; seeing 
 it makes hi.s mouth water. cek mng-khi khi- 
 lai kai chui se" 16 niia"; when I get up in the 
 morning my mouth tastes badly. ISu niia", 
 lau phueh ; froth at the mouth. chau nua"" 
 
 koi ; fetid secretions from the mouth. phui 
 nua"; to spit. 
 
 nua" 86 Rotten; corrupted; running; 
 603 17 as an old sore ; over-ripe ; 
 
 i cek sin oi phiia niia ; he is covered with old 
 sores. ciu sin mi°-mi" nua°-nua"; his whole 
 body is putrescent, au kku nua"; so rotten as 
 to be putrid, nua" ch4 m hd tio ; rotten wood 
 is not good to whittle. cu nua"; worm eaten, 
 ai" cu kau i ntia" tieh hph coi thua"; to cook 
 it till it is pulpy will take a deal of coal. 
 
410 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 fin 64C 
 
 i 10 nut, t 
 
 — nnih — 
 
 HByfi^ nnih 64 To pick up ; to gather np. 
 ^JPI 768 6 hia. cam li soi ki, jlm nuih, 
 nuih rn khi ; the needle is so small I cannot 
 pick it up. 
 
 — nut — 
 
 it 149 Sparing of words ; slow of 
 640 4 epeech. 
 
 b6 hie" 6i ta" ue ; he is sparing of 
 ■words, and not much of a talker. i chiii cng 
 kfii iiftt cfii ; he is very unready of speech. 
 th6i° tleh nftt-nut n6, fi cm'-keng chiet-io 
 kai ue i iu 6i tk"; he appears very quiet, but 
 if tliere is any special or important subject 
 for him to talk about ho can talk fluently 
 enough. 
 
 — o — 
 
 |=t^ o 86 Black; inky; dark; promis- 
 >V\/ 1058 6 cuous ; not reduced to order, 
 o-a ; a crow or a raven. o-hek ; dense dark- 
 ness ; black as ink. Sng o chiu tch l&i nf ; 
 take the dye that is used to darken the beard 
 and dye it. kui cu o-Q ; it brought me in 
 nothing ; it was an entire loss ; it all came to 
 nought, o-hah cu ceng; a set of lawless fellows; 
 roughs and vagabonds, o pSh o peh ; speckled 
 black and white, o hii ; the black-fish, kun 
 o; trim with black. kang o; deep black. o 
 ki ; a black flag, iu c6 o ; paint it black, o-o 
 b1 jl, peh-p6h si ciia, lia m pat i, i m pat lia ; 
 the black is letters, and the white is paper, 
 that is all I know about literature. pin thi" 
 cn^ kai si o hun ; the whole sky is overcast 
 with clouds. 
 
 ^ 6 118 A round shallow basket with 
 222 9 vertical sides, 
 bi 6 ; rice basket, pug 6 ; a basket for holding 
 cooked rice. 6 kheng, a clothes basket. liah 
 6 ; a large grain basket. 6 kia°; a small flat 
 
 basket. ci° 6 ; money basket. 
 
 6 86 A lake ; a large pool. 
 222 9 ng6 6, si hai ; the whole 
 empire. ci kai nang si t(5 cau kang-6 
 
 this man is a' great traveller. lilu kang-6 
 an old traveller. lai khu sai-6 kp thit-tho 
 
 let us go to the western pools for recrea 
 tion. 
 
 ^^ 6 140 The taro, an edible tuber. 
 ' 4 * 1128 8 ctii o ; the water taro. cfi 
 sbi, jA 6 hieh khfing cui cu ; gently, as a taro 
 leaf holds a dew-drop, o nng; small taro. 6 
 cu kia°; dwarf taro. kho ce o mue"; make a 
 stew of taro stalks. 
 
 — oi — 
 ^ W. oi 9 To hug ; to lean on ; loving. 
 U% 1047 9 oi kflii i sin-pi"; snuggles up 
 to her. oi kau bua-bua ; to hng close, (as a 
 mother her child). i co psing ko oi-oi lia-iia ; 
 he lounges about when he sits, i kia°-ui nang 
 oi-khoi tleh i ; he is afi-aid some one may lean 
 on him ; he is afraid he may have to spend 
 something for some body. oi-iia t6 i koi" 
 
 thftu ; leaning on his shoulder. 
 
 oi 64 To crowd ; contiguous ; seriatim. 
 
 1 7 sie oi sie leng ; to jostle each 
 other. oi-oi ci"-ci"; push and crowd. oi tit 
 kiie ; can crowd through. oi b6i tit kue ; 
 
 cannot shoulder my way through, oi ke mnT- 
 h6 khu ch6 ; go from door to door examining 
 (as in taking a census). oi tieh kong ; a 
 
 selected siu-chai, not yet a ku-jiu. oi chu s(i ; 
 the next in regular sequence. 
 
 6i 111 Low of stature ; dumpy. 
 
 2 8 6i kiV; a pigmy. <5i-jln ; 
 
 dwarfs. 6i-kha 16; to waddle, oi nftng thoi" 
 hi ; a dwarf beholding a play. 6i nang to sim 
 su; small people are full of projects. kie 
 
 kai a-oi lai th6"; get a dwarf to prop it up. 
 (said in derision of inefficiency). i7i kui", iTi 
 6i ; medium sized, kui" k&i kliah kui", 6i k&i 
 klmh <5i ; they are all too tall or too short, 
 cling khah 6i ; the table is too squat. mai" 
 
 teh oi khu ; do not crush him into a dwarf. 
 6i pub chiak ; pursy. <Si sbi ; stumpy. 
 
 oi 64 To force one's way ; to press 
 
 1 7 forward, 
 i li-ii 6i-bua khu ; he kept pressing on toward 
 it. oi kau hu pi°-pi" kp; elbowed his way to 
 the very edge of it. c6ng nang toah coi cu oi 
 jip khu ; they all shouted in concert and forced 
 their way in. oi cin-cdi"; to press forward. 
 
 oi 177 Shoes. 
 
 187 6 phue 6i ; leather shoes, tin- 
 6i ; mttan slippers, ciii oi ; shoes impervious 
 to water. kang oi; shoes with felt soles, 
 
 cha 6i ; shoos with wooden soles. chau oi ; 
 
 straw sandals. 6i t<Si ; the sole of a shoe. 
 
 6i min ; the uppers. 6i thau ; the toe. 6i an- 
 te"; 6i biie ; the heel. oi chie"; the sides, oi 
 phi"; the welts on the toe. 6i phi" sim ; the 
 space between the welts, oi mng; the binding, 
 oi kam ; the inside sole. oi li; the lining, 
 
 chle" oi ; to join the tops and soles. pak 6i- 
 toi; make the soles. teng 6i ; to bind shoes. 
 s6 6i ; sew the seams in the uppers, i own t<5 
 coih 6i-min-thiap boi nang ; his business is 
 solely that of cutting out the stiffening of the 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 411 
 
 uppers, and selling ttem. c6 6i k&i nA.ng ; 
 
 • hoemakers. p6 6i hue ; cobblers, liim 6i ; to 
 shape shoes on a last. 6i hun ; a last. 61 t6i 
 Bph ; waxed ends. 6i chio; a shoe horn. 6i 
 Bueh ; a shoe brnsh. oi lioh ; slippers without 
 heels. 6i mai" kia° li'o to lioh, lioh li'o, 6i koi 
 hai ; do not run your shoes down at the heels, 
 when shoes are run down at the heel they wear 
 out quickly. i \6 kia" 6i to si lioh-a-lioh ; 
 
 in walking he always goes slipshod, cek sang 
 &i ; a pair of shoes. no ciah 6i, ciah toa, ciah 
 Boi ; two shoes, one larger than the other, 
 cheng 6i ; put on shoes, thng tio 6i ; take off 
 shoes. ci koi pho kai 6i ie" op lai ngi'a; in 
 
 this shop the shoes ai-e made of a handsome 
 shape. 6i khieh khu poi" 6i-phia° khut i 
 
 phTik ; take the shoes and turn their sides to 
 he sun, and let them sun. poi" 6i toi ; turn 
 .he shoes soles upward. cie" 6i ; sek 6i ; 
 
 colored and ornamented shoes. tng 6i; satin 
 shoes, o p6 6i ; plain black cloth shoes, i t<5 
 CO khoi" 61 hue kai kang-hu ; her work is that 
 of making the ornaments for shoes. 
 
 oi 73 Apt ; expert ; skilled in ; likely 
 264 9 to cause or be ; probably; like- 
 ly ; a sign of the future when preceding 
 another verb. 
 
 j 6i CO nang ; she knows how to treat people. 
 cf ciah kau pi kS nang a boi ? Is this dog apt 
 to bite people ? ci ciah I'o oi toa ; this one 
 
 grows faster, i io oi cp ; he is more apt at it. 
 chiu oi thia° a boi ? Does your hand ache ? 
 i thau-khak oi bin ; her head aches. lu thoi" 
 i koi"-chia oi to khu me ? Do you think his 
 house is likely to tumble down ? ciah li oi, 
 
 thang li boi ; is good at disposing of food but 
 not at earning it. phi" li phi", bo mih hp ; as 
 to cheapness, it is cheap enough, but it is not 
 good for much, oi chm a boi ? Are you cold ? 
 5i loh ho me ? It is likely to rain ? mfig thoi" 
 c!°-ke oi toa me ; inquire and find out whether 
 the price is high. 
 
 ^l^ oi 130 Can ; able; competent; power; 
 B«^ 616 6 skill. 
 
 lu oi a boi ? Can you or can you not ? m cai i 
 oi tit a boi tit ; do not know whether he can or 
 not ? i cp oi ? How can he ? cp oi cie°-se" ? 
 How can that be ? oi kia" a boi ? Can he 
 
 walk ? khi-thau oi ta° uo ; just beginning to 
 talk, i 10 oi ta° ue ; he is a more fluent speaker. 
 tk" li oi, kia" li boi ; can talk about it, but 
 cannot do it. kia°-kia° oi ; can do each of 
 
 these things. hi'am-hiam oi ; can very nearly 
 do it. mih sii i to oi ; he can do all sorts of 
 things. 
 
 — oi" — 
 oi" 64 To procrastinate. 
 1 7 oi°-ien ; to delay, to dally, to 
 
 put off, to dawdle, to take one's time. pat 
 
 nang kiii jib cQ h<5 kai, i tieh oi"-ien kau kang 
 gueh cia" hp ; what another person would finish 
 up in a few days, he must dally over a whole 
 month. i si td oi"-ien kiie jit kai ; he puts it 
 off day after day. 
 
 6i" 169 Leisure; repose; unoccupied; 
 
 198 4 at ease; idle, 
 lu mng i 6i" a m-6i"; ask him whether he is at 
 leisure. 6i° li h^m i lai ; if he is at leisure tell 
 him to come here. kie i c6 6i° cu lai ; tell 
 
 him to come as soon as he is at leisure, i 6i°^ 
 lia m-6i°; he has nothing to do, and I am busy. 
 cio°-si m oi" cSi ; am very much occupied 
 lately. 6i" ue ; idle talk. mai" kwn i kai 
 oi" su ; pay no heed to his nonsense. 6i° st 
 
 tieh cai eng kang; in leisure hours, be diligent. 
 6i" me ? Are you at leisure ? bp c§k si 6i"; I 
 have no leisure, bp si bp khek 6i"; I have not. 
 a moment's leisure. 6i" ii; unoccupied ground, 
 cp hp li'o ne 6i"-6i°; finish it up, and then you 
 will have nothing at all to do. 6i° kia"; 
 
 sauntering along. 6i" co khiin-ki'a"; sit idle a 
 little while. nang 6i°, sim m-6i°; my body ia 
 at leisure, but my mind is not. ua"-6i° cS,i ; 
 quite at ease. ua°-ua° 6i"-6i"; entirely free 
 
 from pressing duties, sim si cheng 6i"; wholly 
 free from cares ; quite indifferent to what ia 
 going on. ciu jit cheng-cheng 6i"-6i°; nothing 
 to do all day long. ci kp lai 6i" ku ; stop 
 
 here and rest, i bp su to ke 6i" cu ; he has no 
 business, and is at home doing nothing. kiii 
 nang to hu kp id oi" khia ; they were all stand- 
 ing there idle. i to 6i° koi" kp cp ; he is 
 sitting in the place where loafers congregate, 
 oi" nang ; people who are doing nothing. hiu° 
 6i°; at leisure ; no duty pressing. 6i° khiah 
 kai" si-liau ; in intervals of business. ciu jit 
 6i"-hia, bp su ; idle all day. to si iu chiu haa" 
 6i"; is always idling around, bp hia 6i°-cheng 
 khu thoi"; have not that idle disposition which 
 would incline me to go and see it. pat nang 
 cp tieh kang-kho cS.i, i cp tieh 6i°-6i"; what 
 other people find great difficulty in doing, he 
 does with perfect case. chwn m ka" thau 
 oi" c6k khun-kfa"; dare not seize an instant's 
 leisure, ua bp hie" 6i°; I am rather busy. 
 
 — oih — 
 oih 94 Narrow ; small ; contracted j 
 186 7 mean. 
 
 ti-hng oih ; very little room. to llang oih ; 
 
 small minded ; petty, kai khang-kia" 6ih-6ih | 
 
412 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 a very small aperture, flih la siang h6ng ; met 
 in a very narrow path, khah oih, iTi kau tlu ; 
 too little room to live in. oih cliek, 6ih chek ; 
 cramped. b6 ko-kia°-ni, no 6ih-6ih } scarcely a 
 bit, very small indeed. 6ih-s6i ; contracted. 
 
 6ih ng sa"; narrow sleeved gowns, ci ie° p6 io 
 6ih pak ; this kind of cloth is narrower, ci 
 
 koi° io 6ih li io chira ; this room is narrower 
 and longer, oih kfti cia" kin. ; the narrow ones 
 ftre tight. 
 
 — ok — 
 
 CI ft]S ok-chok Having a superfluity of 
 /C w'j^ 1057 a thing, or what is too 
 good for one ; wasted because it is more than 
 is needed or too good for the use to which it 
 is put. 
 
 clah Ho ok-ok chok-chok ; it is wasted when ho 
 has eaten it. chcng li'o ok-chok cSi ; he is not 
 fit for such clothes as he gets. 
 
 ok 44 A dwelling; a habitation. 
 10G4 6 chang-hng chii-ok ; arable land 
 and dwelling houses. kai-k!en pang-ok ; to 
 build houses. peh-ok ; a private dwelling. 
 
 c5ng-ok ; additions at the sides of a house. 
 
 — ong — 
 ong 64 To slap. 
 23 8 ong i k&i kih-kau ; slapped 
 
 )ier on the cheek. 
 
 ^^S ong 124 A gray-beard ; an old man. 
 ^^ 1046 4 hii-ong ; a fisherman, ong 
 eai ; that woman's father and husband. tuf- 
 ong ; a term of honor for a district magistrate, 
 who in turn applies it to the prefect, and he to 
 his superior, i tk° el hong tng-ong kai meng 
 k&i ; he said he was obeying the orders of his 
 superior in office. 
 
 6ng 66 To jolt a baby. 
 
 894 6 ong a-no"; jolt a baby in the 
 arms, ong i ut; jolt him to sleep, i ong tieh 
 c6 khua°-uah ciu ut khu ; if he is jogged com- 
 fortably he will go to sleep. paug ie-n^ teng 
 ong ; put him in his cradle and jog him up and 
 down. 
 
 — o — 
 p 170 A ridge or bank. 
 
 643 5 sua" o ; a glen. 
 
 rr^y p-l<5 To praise ; to laud, 
 RM 945 p-lp i cheng-khih sie"^; 
 praised her neatness. p-lp i hd ; says it is 
 
 excellent. sit-cSi ho p-lp ; really worthy of 
 
 praise. siang sim-mih nang p-ld i ; consider 
 vjrhat sort of people those are who extol him. 
 
 p-n6 Pliant ; limber. 
 IPJ 272 q-q nd-n6 ne ; very lithe, 
 i kfti ie" thoi" tieh io p-no ; he appears to be 
 more agile. 
 
 p 116 To shelter thieves; a retreat 
 IWI 105G 9 for bandits, 
 p-ke ; a receiver of stolen goods. b6 nftng kd" 
 p-chang ci kai nfing ; no ono dare afford con- 
 cealment to this man, i phwn i cp p-ke ; he, 
 in order to harm him, acknowledged' that ho 
 was the one who received the stolen goods, 
 
 rti^ p 80 To hawk for sale. 
 
 4 221 5 p hOi, p chai; hawks fish or 
 vegetables. koi-th!o m6ng-ek ksii nang, cia 
 jit p much, p k4u chiii sng; pedlars who carry 
 their goods on their sJiouldcrs, hawk their 
 goods all day, and bawl till their throats ache. 
 
 6 145 A robe ; an outer garment. 
 ,^ ^ 624 18 i si-khui d-kua hak kau coi; 
 he has riding jackets for all the four seasons. 
 6 li thah kiia ; put the short riding jacket on 
 over the robe. 
 
 m 
 
 5 85 A cove ; a bight ; a bay. 
 ._ . 625 13 cun jip p, khu pi huang ; the 
 boat entered the cove to escape the wind, ciin 
 t<$ siu ku-a jit; the vessel lay there for 
 shelter several days. Itim-p ; Namoa Ibland. 
 6-nmg ; Macao. 
 
 Af^ ft 140 The small leaved variety of 
 Ifj 216 7 the water-lily. 
 6 hieh ; the leaf of the water-lily. (The namo 
 is frequently used do designate other things of 
 its shape). 
 
 A^ 6 14^ Oysters. 
 
 *^ 171 14 p khak ; oyster shells. 6 si ; 
 dried oysters, kio 6 ; to gather oysters, khk 
 6 ; to open oysters. chi° 6 ; fresh oysters. d 
 cu ; pearls from oysters. 
 
 6 140 To be obliged for ; indebted 
 216 7 to ; obtained of. 
 6 mdng tai un ; am indebted to you for your 
 great favors. kam-o i kai nang-cheng ; am 
 
 duly sensible of his kindness, si o; for which 
 I will thank you, (a closing phrase on letters). 
 
 ^ 
 
 6 131 To repose ; to recline. 
 1057 2 CO 6 m ua"; whether sit- 
 ting or lying, I am uncomfortable. pang 
 keh CO no kueh, Su kueh cp p pang ; the room 
 is partitioned off into two parts, the back 
 being a bedchamber. 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE 6WAT0W DIALECT, 
 
 413 
 
 nKtil ^ -- ^^ interjection, expressing 
 It'!| 644 8 satisfaction, 
 o, t-i t'ie"-se''; Oh, that is the way it is. 5, si 
 lu ; Oh, it is you. 5, ua li m cai ; Oh, I was 
 not before aware of it. 
 
 — oh — 
 
 30 To liiecough ; to eructate. 
 
 4 phah oil ; to belch or hiccough. 
 i cong-kii pliah oh si u pe"; if l^e belches 
 continually, he is surely ill. khd sai oh j 
 
 hiccough because of sour stomach. 
 
 njE t 
 
 oh 172 Hard, difficult ; not easy or 
 614 11 pleasant ; irksome, fatiguing, 
 oh pat; difficult to comprehend. mih su to 
 
 oh ; everything is irksome, ci'a ui" seng, cong 
 oh ; it is going to be difficult to compass this. 
 ci tio lo ah kia°; this road is a tiresome one. 
 ci'a ieh boi oh clah ; this medicine is not hard 
 to take, oh kai ji i m pat ; he does not know 
 the hard letters. jl^-j^ <?h it-tit; it is not 
 
 well arranged, and is hard to remember. 
 
 >-|t?' oh 162 To narrate ; to tell the par- 
 ^UZ 77^ 5 ticulars. 
 
 ©h ko ; tell stories, ua oh lu thia"; I tell you 
 about it. i oh kau cek tio ; he repeated one 
 Hue. oh i kai ue khut nfmg thia"; repeat his 
 words for others to hear, i hun-hu i mai" kio 
 K.ang oh ; she told him not to tell any body. 
 Id ho oh i cai ; you make it known to him. 
 
 KhL oh 39 To learn j to Di'actise ; to im- 
 ^^ 209 13 itata 
 
 i ill kheng oh ; he is unwilling to learn. cin 
 oh ; jip oh; to enter school. ngi oh ; a free 
 
 school. oh sip ; to learn. oh bii ; learn 
 
 rnilitaiy tactics. ohliig; school-house. ok 
 kua"; superintendent of schools. oh keng ; a 
 government district school. chut gua iu oh ; 
 travel for information, i mih su- to oh tit lai ; 
 l;e>can learn anything. oh u cek le" kang-hu 
 chiu-goi to sin ; has learned a trade. i oh u 
 jieh kii ? How long has he been practising it ? 
 oh chui oh cih; to mimic, oh i ktii ie"; follow 
 bis example, oh ho ; practise what is good. 
 
 ^^v> 
 
 — pa — 
 ^gg, pa 88 A father. 
 " F"-*^ 646 4 SI ua kiii a-pa ; it is my papa, 
 i u a-pa ho ua ; he has his father to depend 
 upon. 
 
 i ij pa 49 A classifier of slaps with the 
 
 I 4 644 1 hand ; a clap ; sign of the 
 
 optative. 
 
 pa put tit CO kau cia"; would that I could bring 
 
 it to completion. pa tau ; pa taa ci^ the 
 
 croton-oil fruit, pa-cfe"; the palm of the liand. 
 cang pa-ci'o" phah i; slapped him with his 
 open hand. cang pa-cie" cid" p6i" hien kuo 
 
 lai, hie" p6i" hien kue khu ; slapped him on 
 one side with one hand and on the other side 
 with the other hand, i khut i toa nang cang 
 pa-cie" piang kau lid p6i" hi" thia" m ki"; she 
 was boxed by one of the elders of her family 
 so that slie is deaf in one ear. biie-pa ; the 
 
 flat part of the tail of an animal. ie"-bue pa j 
 sheep's tails. tSk biie pa ; deer's tails. 
 
 pa-16i To tease, to plague ; to 
 648 meddle with ; to handle, 
 i Ip pa-16i i kai ; he is teasing her. i kai lau- 
 lau-sit-sit, ni'n ai" pa-16i i mih su ? He- never 
 does harm to any one, what are you plaguing 
 him for? i to si to pin-tng pa-ldi i kS,i j 
 
 they are always making game of him. i td pa-, 
 loi ciah; she is preparing the meal. 
 
 C&i^ I ill pa-lak Perhaps ; perchance. 
 J}^ />»vv 778 pa-lak ua ka-ki ai" khu,; 
 perhaps I shall myself go. pa-lak oi tit ho ; 
 possibly it may be completed. cie"-se" co, pa- 
 lak boi liSam cae ; in thus doing, it may be^ 
 that no sin will be committed. 
 
 e 
 
 pa 140 pa-cie ; a banana, pa-cie si"; a- 
 644 4 fan shaped like a plantain leaf. 
 
 pa 184 To eat enough ;: satisfied f; 
 
 664 5 gratified ; satiated, 
 ciah pa ; finished his meal. ciah biie pa ; has 
 not yet fijiished his meal, clah eta" pa;. is just 
 through eating. ciah r7i pa; did not eat all I 
 wanted. raai" ciah khah pa ;. do not eat to. 
 
 repletion. i si pa hak kai nang ; he is a very 
 learned man. i kai min-si theng pa-miia"; lie 
 has a full round face. ki pa iu jin ; hunger 
 
 and fullness are much as people please, thoi"' 
 kau pa ; looked at it as long as I wish to. ce 
 thoi" cii pa ; the sight of it is enough. thoi"' 
 lio, to 6i pa a boi ? Did you see enough of it ? 
 khut i ciah pa-pa, si lio ho co kai pji kiii ; give 
 him all he can eat, and when he is dead he 
 will be a contented ghost. pa ciah in ju pa 
 
 ut ; eating enough is not so good as sleeping 
 enough. tie" kau pa-pa ; stuffed as full as is 
 can be. bo chfli le piig tieh ciah pa ce ; since 
 there are no side-dishes, you must eat the 
 more of the rice. chia" a-i° lai pa png ; ask 
 your aunt to come to supper now. 
 
 To seize ; to hold for the 
 purpose of using ; to grasp ; 
 
 to lay hold of ; to take a thing to be ; to coit- 
 
 sider as. 
 
 pa-cang; an ensign in the army, lu pa i thdi" 
 
 m 
 
 pa 64 
 644 4 
 
4.U 
 
 ©ictionaut or the swatow dialkct. 
 
 c6 sim-mih n&ng ? Wliorn did yon take him 
 to be ? i kai cq eu Q pa-tlii ; l)e acts in a 
 
 masterful way. cu si i td pa-thi fu; it is he 
 who holds control in the affair, co niih fu ai" 
 tt pa-pe"; in whatever one does he needs 
 soraetLing that he can use as a handle. mlii" 
 pd i k&i kang-hu g6 khu ; do not interfere 
 with him po as to spoil his woik. &i" pa ci kla" 
 RU co-ni lai chii-ti ? How shall we arrange this 
 business ? t'6 pa h\ ; play tricks of legerde- 
 main ; to performs feats, as acrobats or trained 
 animals do ; jugglery. 
 
 pa 75 A list of successful candidates. 
 
 657 10 pa-ngan ; the "eye of the list", 
 a term for the second scholar in the land ; the 
 idea is that he is second in order as the eye 
 is under the forehead. nQ hia° tl cek kai 
 
 tfeng co-ngwn, c6k kui t6ng pa-ngan ; of the 
 two brothers one became the first scholar of the 
 empire, and the other the second. 
 
 E pa 177 A target. 
 645 4 6la ci" k&i pa ; a target. 
 t6ng tieh pa kiii A,ng>sim ; hit the centre. sla 
 tieh pa ki"; hit the outer edge of the target, 
 ptia" pa ; iired over the target, p^i pa ; a little 
 short of the mark ; the arrow fell at the foot 
 of the target. sla m tieh pd ; did not hit ibe 
 target. 
 
 p^ 158 A name for spotted felinaa, 
 665 8 the leopard, panther, jaguar, 
 cheetah or ounce. The leopard is the insignia 
 of military officer's of the fourth rank, 
 kim ci" pa; the leopard. ho" se" ph j!; the 
 tiger has a leopai-d as its offspring. \^h phue 
 c6k tiara cek ti'am, hue-huej a leopard-skin is 
 speckled and spotted. 
 
 ^='" pa 173 To reign by force rather than 
 iR^ 645 18 by law ; to iucroach on ; to 
 hold in check through fear, 
 pa-ciam nftng kai raueh-kia"; take possession of 
 other people's things. ci kfii n&ng cp su ph 
 cSi ; this person does things in a high handed 
 way. hue°-pa ; hue°-hue" pa-pa ; regardless 
 of the rights of others. cie"-se" siig s! pa-tSu ; 
 this is a resort to intimidation. i kai ue pa- 
 iSu cai; his language is intended to intimidate. 
 
 SS^ pS 122 To suflBce ; to cease from, to 
 fjli 645 10 leave off, to finish; to quash; 
 to strike work; enough ; no more. 
 k§,u cie"-se" le pS lio; that is enough of this; it 
 is quite time this was stopped. m kheng pS 
 chiu ; would not stay his hand, ji ke phah pa, 
 mai" sie chue; both parties having discontinued 
 the quarrel, let there be no further fighting. 
 
 ui sim-mih su p& chl ? What is the reason for 
 the markets being closed ? ceng nang liCe-c6i 
 pa khau ; they all combined and forclosed the 
 examination by refusing to attend, ai" pJl put 
 leng ; could not stop though he wished to. iJi 
 ai*, cu pS; if you do not want it let it alone, 
 i T-keng pft ceh, kui ke; he has already fulfilled 
 his duties and returned home. 
 
 fpS 13 To assume a false name. 
 582 7 i t6 gOa klijiu to si pS i kai 
 mia"; he always assumes his name when abroad, 
 thfeiig pa uflng kdi mia"; take other people's 
 names, pa i kui k!-ho ; make illegal use of 
 
 their flag. i si pa ll-tiang kili ho-thnu ? 
 
 AVhose mark has he counterfeited ? 
 
 — pai — 
 
 fKR pai 64 To spread out ; to display; to 
 ^E 648 15 set in order, 
 pjii k6-hi ; to make a display ; to put on airs, 
 pai tui-ng6 ; parade troops. pai to sang r6i"; 
 i-anged on the two sides. pai-siet mfich-kla"; 
 to put things in place. pui hin-bia i6 khut 
 
 nfiiig thoi"; lay out so as to let people see them, 
 pai khui ce ; spread it out more. m^i" pai 
 
 kliah khuah ; do not spread it out too broadly, 
 pai c6i-c6i, si-cia" si-cia"; range them evenly 
 and squarely. io-Io pai-pdi ; to strut arou;id. 
 pai lo; . ferry formed of stationary boats, pai 
 toh ; to lay a table. pui chng-i ; to arrange 
 the furnituro. pai ceng tu; to lay the dishes, 
 pai k(S-t6ng; arrange the bric-a-brac, pai phfii- 
 chlang; arrange elegantly. pai li<5 thoi" lla"; 
 laid out merely to look at. gOa min pai kliu li 
 hp th6i", JO cai lai rain cai-se"; the outside is 
 well arranged, I do not know how it may bo 
 inside, ci kai mueh si pai to thit-tho kai, a si 
 pai td phi" phang ? Are these things put here 
 for show, or are they pat here for their sweet 
 smell ? 
 
 pai 64 To honor ; to reverence ; to 
 648 5 k^ieel to; to make an obeisance; 
 to visit ; to salute ; to pay one's respects to ; a 
 salute. 
 
 pai sin ; worship the gods. pai c6 ; worship 
 ancestors, pai kheh ; return a visit, pai png 
 cie* kia"; memorialize the throne. lia sim si 
 pai liok lu ; I acknowledge your superiority. 
 lia ai" pai thph lu kio via cp kia" su ; 1 have 
 something that I wish to ask you to do me for 
 me. i lai hue pai ; he has come to return your 
 visit. liang lai sie pai ; go back and forth 
 
 interchanging visits. to mdng si pai szang ; 
 at that time minister of state, pai ap ; a card 
 case, pai ki"; salute on seeing, eng pai kui 
 pai ? How many obeisances are to be made ? 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 All 
 
 KM P^i ?1 A. shield, a buckler ; a sign- 
 /ry' <349 8 board ; a not ideation from 
 government; a tablet, a memorandum ; a war- 
 rant ; a credential ; a writ ; a token ; an official 
 permit of any kind; dominoes; cards; a flat piece 
 of ii*ou struck to announce meals in temples. 
 ai° k:iu ti-ko cii soi" hwt hiie-pai ; they send 
 an express ahead, to whatever place they are 
 going. tin-pa,i ; a rattan shield, tin-tang sai 
 ko pai-ui ; an ancestral tablet was set up in 
 the midst. u pai u phie cia" ka° liah nang ; 
 having a warrant on wood or one on paper, he 
 dare arrest people. cek hu ciia-pai ; a pack 
 of playing cards, i to phah ciia-pai ; they are 
 playing cards. tljang me" phah pai ; play 
 
 cards all night. chia" cun-pai, cia" ho chut 
 
 kang ; afek for a port clearance, then you can 
 leave the harbour, kau kang lu tieh ki'o cun- 
 pai ; on entering port the ship's papers must 
 again be delivered to the proper authorities. 
 sai ko cieh-pai ; set up a stone tablet. pai 
 
 huang ; an honorary tablet. chio-theng i"- 
 
 keng Clin i kien pai-huang seng pi'o i ; the 
 government has already given them permission 
 to set up a tablet in his honor, ie-pai; a badge 
 worn at the waist, (like that of a policeman). 
 hi^-pAi ; flat ear-rings. ^iguu pai ; a silver 
 
 medal, kua ko h6"-thaa pSi ; suiipeud a tablet 
 having a tiger's Lead painted on it. cang \§t.'. 
 lai toi; ward off with a shield, i to phah kui- 
 pai ; he is playing dominoes. khii tau ko 
 
 chi'a" pai ; go to the Intendent of Circuit and 
 request an official permit. kia" pai kak sok ; 
 sent orders to all his subordinates. khia ko 
 ^6a cieli pai ; erect a stone slab. pai pin ; 
 
 a votive tablet. leug-pai ; 6ia"-ca-pai ; the 
 
 Emperor's tablet, worshipped in temples. 
 
 p&i 64 To place properly ; to make a 
 649 8 show with ; to set out in a 
 regular order; to range in a line ; a row ; a line, 
 to CO cek pai ; sit in a row. hua"-hi kio 
 
 nang pai -ang koi hun ; is glad to explain the 
 misunderstanding, pai-liang toi" kui ? Which 
 row is it ? ua" pai kau hp-hp ; range them 
 nicely. boi choh pai-kut lai clia ; buy some 
 spare-rib and grill it. thdi" i pai sim-mih 
 
 liu-si chut lai ; see how much pai-ade they 
 make, pfii chiang ; stt forth for display, se" 
 lai pal-chiang ; is very showily arrayed. 
 
 ]^V\ pai 51 Ordinarily ; common ; usual. 
 I 701 2 i pai jit tl-tiang-si lai ? At 
 what time of the day does he generally come ? 
 i pai jit to jit-taa. cia" kau ; he usually comes 
 about noon. pai ni to bo ci'a kui-ku ; there 
 
 has in yeai's past been no such usage. pai-si 
 ia si cie"'se; that is the way it always is. 
 
 pai 
 122 
 
 118 A raft. 
 tek pai; a bamboo raft, sam- 
 
 pai ; a raft of pine logs. ka c6 sam-p&i ; tie 
 them tog^ither to form a raft, ciii toa, sam- 
 pA,i tng khii ; the water was swift, and the raft 
 broke up. the" sam-pai ; to pole a raft along. 
 
 pai 66 To subvert ; to destroy ; to 
 T'W 048 7 nulify ; to ruin ; to violate ; 
 discomflted ; a rout. 
 
 i kai ke-ngiap T-keng phiia-pai ; his patrimony 
 is already spent. thi°-e bo put pai cu ke, b5 
 put phua cu kok ; in all the world, there has 
 been no house that has not decayed, and no 
 kingdom that has not come to an end. cien 
 pai ; defeated in battle, cien pai, cau-tng Ifti ; 
 was worsted in the fight, and ran away. c6k 
 poi" cien pai, cek poi" cien ia,"; one side suffers 
 defeat, and the other side gains a victory, cfl- 
 lai m pat phah pai ciang; has never experienced 
 a defeat in arms, mai" pai i kai mia"-sek ; do 
 not mar his reputation, siu-sip pai-chang kai 
 kuu-be ; reorganize the routed troops. i kfii 
 su pai lio; his affair has come to an unsuccessful 
 issue. i cp su m ka" pai tieh ning-huang ; his 
 conduct shows care not to disgrace the family 
 name, sie" hong, pai sok kai su; what corrupts 
 the public morals. pai-hiiai tieh ; spoiled ; 
 
 ruined, seng pai :1 pia"-ke kai sie" su ; victory 
 and defeat is the constant experience of soldiei's. 
 
 — pak — 
 
 i4-> pak 3 A string of. 
 
 T^ 121 6 kua cek pak chio-cn ; wore a 
 string of beads, indicating official rank. cdk 
 pak su cu ; a string of plain beads. cek pak 
 hie" cu ; a string of amulets. 
 
 pak 18 To flay; to peel off ; to fleece. 
 
 708 8 pak tio i kai phue ; skin it. 
 cua pak khak ; the cast skin of a serpent, 
 coih io chie" pak; waylay and strip, ngp tieli 
 chak khut i pak kau theh-theh ; fell among 
 thieves, and was stripped stark naked by them, 
 sa" kho Idng-cong khut i pak khu; his clothes 
 were all stripped off by them. hi'a iSu-pak- 
 
 phiie k&i ue, mai" thia" i; he is an old skin- 
 flint, pay no heed to him. thai Ho pak tio 
 phue ; kill and flay. 
 
 -IL* pak 21 North ; northern ; northwards. 
 HL< 709 8 pak p6i°; at the north. pak 
 hng; northern regions. pahmng; the north 
 gate, pak khdu gua ; beyond the wall. pak 
 kek ; the north pole, cp lam hiang pak ; faces 
 the north. i kai cun khu cie" pak ; their 
 
 vessel has gone northwards. pak hai ; the 
 
 northern ocean, pak-kia"; Peking, i to boi 
 
416 
 
 BICTIONABT OF THE SWATOW DIAtECr. 
 
 pak-th^u hhe ; he sells northern goods, pak- 
 ta« ; the Gieiit Dipper, lam pak hrtng; ware- 
 houses in which both northern and southern 
 goods are kept. ttii pak 16 khii ; went bj the 
 northern route. 
 
 HH P^^ H2 That which envelopes the 
 /J^ 151 9 viscera; the belly or abdo- 
 men ; the seat of the mind. 
 t6-p k »7i-l)(5 ; the stomach out of order. si'e 
 pak kfii li-ling; the abdomen, ci'a si i kai sira, 
 pak iiHiig ; this is his bosom friend, jiak hui 
 sim-pak nv^ng, b*^ tji° sim-pak tie ;. if ho were 
 j\ot a bosom friend, 1 should not speak my 
 inmost thoughts to him. Q kui jQi pak ki'a"; 
 has a posthumous son. vi j)ak ui hun ; be- 
 
 troth before birth. khia ki to, lai khui pak ; 
 took a knife and opened the carcass. b6i cek 
 hu ah pak l^i, lai cha ; buy the contents of a 
 duck's carcass and grill them. i kai pak l&i 
 ch^ng to chaug kiam ; he hides treachery in 
 his bosom. 
 
 lit Ft pak 50 A scroll ; a strip ; a classifier 
 M*PI 150 9 of scrolls, 
 iio pak ; a scroll. si pak thfta ; a set of fonr 
 Hcrolls. tong pak ; the central scroll, khu 
 
 boi kill pak jl iie lai tio ; go and buy some 
 scrolls with letters and pictures on them, and 
 liang them up. cf n6 pak ue kauh khf^ leng- 
 ua" khieh no pak jl li\i tlo ; roll up and put 
 away these two drawings, and take two of the 
 ■written scrolls to hang up instead. hvK^ng 
 
 chue lih cek toa pak ; one large scroll has been 
 torn by the wind. ci cek pak p6 jieh tng ? 
 
 "What is the length of this piece of cloth ? 
 ci'a fo khutih pak, hfa io oih pak ;. this is the 
 wider piece, and that the narrower. no pak 
 tui-lin ; two scrolls that match. cf kai pliQe- 
 toa" ai° cp cp kiii pak ? How many breadths 
 do you wish to have put into this quilt cover? 
 
 E 
 
 To take off ; to cast off ; to 
 lay aside j to strip off ; to 
 
 pak 130 
 
 914 7 
 undress. 
 
 pak tlo bo ; take off the hat. pak tio 6i ; take 
 off the shoes, thong sin khut i pak kiiu theh- 
 theh ; he was stripped stark naked by them, 
 pak-chiah kha ; bare-footed. pak-chiah-ka- 
 
 lit; half naked. 
 
 ^Sf P**^ ^^2 To bind, to tie, to fasten. 
 ^^Tt 141 10 khiin pak; to bind up 
 securely. liah i lai pak paug tliio kp ; seize 
 him and tie him to a pillar. cp su pak kha 
 
 pjik chiu ; doing things under difficulties, bo 
 ijang pe", bp nung piik ; no one thwarts or 
 hampers him. tieh pak; kfn-kin ; m.u^t tie it 
 
 m 
 
 tightly, p^k m kin ; not tightly bound, pak 
 kliiia." ce ; tie it more loosely. u pak ie-to a 
 bo ? Have you your cloth wallet on ? pak 
 
 kun ; put on a petticoat. pak ie-toa ; wear a 
 girdle. pak cp cek kiu ; do them up in a 
 
 bunch. p4k c5 cek pe ; bind them in one sheaf. 
 
 — pang — 
 pang-M A certain tin9ue, period, 
 /^<^ 917 distance, or (quantity; 
 a fixed amount ; a limit or bound, 
 ci'-liile Q jloh ua" kfii pang-bd? About how late 
 is it just now ? iak kai pang.b<5 5ng jieh coi ? 
 About how much will be required ? niai" bd 
 pang bp b(5 ; keep yourself within bounds, li'a 
 cp su to Q. kai pang-b<5 ; in whatever I do, I 
 keep within certain limits. i bd pang-hd cSi ; 
 he goes altogether beyond bounds. kau ISJc 
 
 pho Id k&i pang-bp ; not far from si^ leagues. 
 a cek choi ngfln kai pang-bd cu klu' tit l&i ; 
 it will take not far from a thousand dollars to 
 build it. 
 
 M 
 
 pang 
 659 
 
 40 The fall of a mountain ; to 
 8 fall from a high position 
 into disgrace ; to loosen and fall ; an emperor's 
 death. 
 
 sua* pang, tl hftm ; the mountain rushes to 
 its fall; the state is ruined, soi" ti ke-pang kfii 
 si-huu, cp-n! hau-hu ? What were the orders 
 given by the former emperor at the time of his 
 death ? hueli paug ; hueh sua" pang ; hemor- 
 age of the womb. pang-pang tQi-tui ; f.ill in 
 
 ruins. khut nang kii kun ce chong, hia chilk 
 che" pang ; as soon as our troops ru.shed for- 
 ward, the rebels gave way. chie" pang kl.u ; 
 the wall has fallen. hu koi" chu pang-pang 
 
 thap-thtlp; that house has fallen in. ce" pang- 
 ham ; the sides of the well have caved in. khi 
 cu Iio pang cek p6i° chut lai ; the tooth having 
 decayed, a part of it broke off. 
 
 l-itf pa"g ^ To placo in a series ; a rank 
 1^x1 650 6 order, grade, or class of 
 persons ; a set ; a troop ; turn ; a classifier of 
 theatres. 
 
 nilng cek pang c6k pang tiii cf ko kue ; the 
 people went by here in troops. to si hu pang 
 nang; they are all people of that class. i si 
 hi pang kai nang ; they are people who belong 
 to a theatrical company. ci pang hi ti-tiang 
 kio kai ? Who is the manager of this theatrical 
 company ? i kin-ni kiie pang Iio ; he has this 
 year joined anotlier company of actors. I5u 
 
 pang toi ; the old company. hxi hua" nang 
 
 luu pang sie thoi ; they are divided into sets 
 of men that take turns and spell each other, 
 -cio" pang, Iph pang ; to take up or lay down 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 417 
 
 the work done by relays of men. i id tng 
 
 chiang pang ; he belongs to the relay which is 
 always on duty ; it is in constant use. che- 
 
 hiah linn co sa" pang, cSu pang, cang pang, 
 khuai pang, kak pang kak pang kai ceh-jtm ; 
 the constables of the yamnn are divided into 
 three sets, the torturers, the thief-takers, and 
 the messengers, and each set has its own 
 special duties, bun bu kua" to lai cang pang; 
 the civil and military officers come and stand 
 each in his place according to rank. pang f^u 
 tng-lai ; retui-n with troops after a victory, 
 pai pang ; arrange in order, giving each his 
 place. 
 
 pang 104 Blotches ; discolored spots, 
 
 650 11 such as appear before 
 small pox breaks out. 
 
 chut pang; the blotches have appeared, iang 
 pang, im pang; the blotches have come out 
 well, or have not come out well. thie pang ; 
 probe the incipient pustules. 
 
 — f ^ pang 70 Angular ; rectangular. 
 y^ 132 si pang; si-si pang-pang ^ 
 square, ci ko ti cek ing si-pang, thun jieh coi 
 ci" ? How much did it cost per hundred squai-e 
 feet for filling in this piece of land ? lu ai° 
 
 pang kai a ai" i" ksli ? Do you want an angular 
 or a round one ? cp su mai° nge pang-pang ; 
 do not be exacting in your dealings. i co su 
 khali pang ; he is too exacting. 
 
 pang 75 Boards ; planks ; slabs. 
 
 651 4 cek ko pang ; a board, no 
 ko pang sie ciap ; two boards joined. ke kp 
 pang-tio ; make a scaffolding to stand on. kia" 
 pang kie ; go across on a board laid down to 
 serve as a bridge, lau-pang; floor boards, pho 
 pang ; moveable bed-boards, min-chng pang; 
 the slats of a bed-stead. bwn-thien-pang ; 
 ceiling. 
 
 pang 96 A broken ring, once used to 
 447 4 indicate disrupted friend- 
 ship ; an archer's thimble. 
 
 pang-ci ; a thumb-ring, kua kai gek pang-ci ; 
 wore a jade ring on his thumb, bp kua pang- 
 ci cp-nl khui keng ne ? Without his thimble 
 Low could he draw his bow. 
 
 pang 75 A wooden cylinder suspended 
 656 7 in a yamun or temple, and 
 sounded to attract notice. 
 
 hwt pang ; to sound the drum. ci hue cia" 
 
 hwt th^u pang, hwn bue ii ji pang ; they just 
 now sounded the drum for the first time, the 
 second drum has not yet sounded. tang kau 
 
 sa" pang S.u cia° chut png ; wait till after the 
 third sounding of the drum, then the lists of 
 successful candidates will be placarded. 
 
 2W5 pang 181 To publish, confer, or dis- 
 //>M 651 4 tribute, as the Emperor does, 
 pang-su mueh-kia" khut tai chin hue; bestowed 
 something upon his chief courtiers, pang kia" 
 thi" e ; publish throughout the world. pang 
 kia" lig-tin ; issue a manifesto, pang kau kak 
 se"; send it to all the provinces. 
 
 ffiTT pang 187 Joined; a connection between 
 /%/| 690 6 things naturally separate, 
 ci ciah be si \\6 be, i kai phia"-li kut si ciig 
 pang kai, rri si cek ki cek ki ; this is a good 
 horse, his ribs are joined closely together, and 
 are not separately prominent, kau pang ; cng 
 pang ; joined in one; united without interstice. 
 
 pang 50 A classifier of fleets, guilds, 
 657 7 and classes ; to shore up a 
 thing; to succor, to aid, to defend, 
 ham kai nang lai sie-pang ; ask some one to 
 come and lend a helping hand. lu ho kbu 
 
 pang-cp i ; you should go to his assistance, 
 pang-toa-kua"; a lieutenant. cek pang cun ; 
 a fleet or squadron. 
 
 pang 75 The maple, and some other 
 156 9 trees, 
 pang-hie"; the gum of the liquid-amber, said 
 to turn into amber. toa pang ci ; lucrabau, 
 
 brought from Siam, as a remedy for leprosy 
 and itch. pang-khoi hiii ; earthenware made 
 at Pang Khoi near Chau-chau-fu. 
 
 % 
 
 pang 1 63 A classifier of sets of books. 
 714 8 cek pang cu ; one work in 
 several volumes. i hak li kiii pang toa pang 
 cu, he has become the owner of several exten- 
 sive works, each in several volumes. ci pang 
 cu cap-jl png; this work consists of twelve 
 Yolumes. 
 
 n 
 
 pang 
 656 
 the frontier. 
 
 163 A region ; a country. 
 4 gua pang; a region beyond 
 liu pang ; contiguous states. 
 
 pang 75 A list of successful can- 
 
 657 10 didates. 
 kim pang toi mia"; an official list of successful 
 candidates for the degrees of ku-j!n and cin-sQ. 
 ua kio i tang pang kai ; I took my degree at 
 the same examination as he. to si liang pang 
 chut sin ; they are all from among those who 
 have taken literary degrees. leng ho" pang; 
 scholars who take degrees. khau pang siu ; 
 
 the one at the head of the lists, after an 
 examination. 
 
418 
 
 DICTIONAET OP THE 6WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 m 
 
 pang 75 A plank, a slab; timo in 
 651 4 music; a way of doing or 
 acting ; set, fixed, precise, 
 sam-pang ; a small punfc, named from its bot- 
 tom being three planks in width. ko-pang 
 kai nslng ; an old fashioned person. m pat 
 pang; do not know the tune. pang-thau ho 
 cai ; the tune is a very good one. si i to phah 
 piing ; it is he who beats the time. chie khu 
 )7i loh pang ; he sings without regard to time. 
 cie"-si k&i su co lS,i cflang pang ; what has lately 
 been done, has been done contrary to the gen- 
 eral understanding. kah nilng kah n&ng kfti 
 pdng ; each has his own way of doing things. 
 i k&i pang m-h(5 ; his way of doing things is 
 not admirable. 
 
 p.dng 188 The arm bone, the humerus' 
 657 10 i kai koi"-pang t5a fi lak ' 
 he has great strength in his shoulders. cSk 6- 
 kua la kui pang keng ; draws the bow soveml 
 times during an afternoon. 
 
 pang 120 To bind ; to tie up. 
 
 657 7 liah i khu khun-pang; seize 
 him and bind him. khiin-pang lio ki" llah 
 
 khu thai ; having bound him they will carry 
 him away to execution. 
 
 ^y A^ pang.pua" To labor in another's 
 >V I V< 845 ^ place, 
 
 fi si via kio lu H, u si lu kio ua If, sie pkng- 
 pua"; sometimes I act in your stead, and some- 
 times you act in my stead, thus we are substi- 
 tutes for each other. 
 
 ft\/ P^°S ^ "^o loosen ; to let go; to cast 
 /i^\. 135 4 off; to liberate; to lay 
 down; to emit. 
 
 pkng sang ; slack off. chfu cS pang sang cu 
 khut i cau khu ; as soon as you loosen your 
 hold it will slide off. ki° p^ng chi'u, pang chin 
 m tit; wanted to let go, but could not. lu h(5 
 . p^ng sim ; be easy in your mind. boi much 
 pang se"; buy creatures in order to preserve 
 their lives, i chap u eek pang p^ng-se"-hue ; 
 he has associated himself with a society which 
 has for its object the preservation of animal 
 life. p^ng to tl-k6 ? Where shall I put it ? 
 bo ti-hng h(5 pang ; there is no place to put it. 
 khieli pang hii toi; take it and put it in there, 
 sek-pang ; to liberate. kra-ce° pang i cau ; 
 secretly set him free. si thau pkng i k^i ; 
 
 has slyly freed him. pang tie"; loan with 
 
 security. si pang le" tie", and si pang sua" 
 
 tie" ? Is it loaned on the security of some- 
 thing afloat or of something ashore ? pang 
 610 ; set down in account. i u jieh coi 
 
 ci" id pang lai ? How much money has he at 
 
 interest ? lin kfti sio pkng kau hng-hfig j 
 
 we have extensive credit. pang ngiam 
 
 khau ; to get souls out of purgatory. ngiam 
 Ifo, cia" pang kla"; after it is inspected let it 
 pass on. pang ta"; screw up your courage, 
 
 lu CO lu ta" pang toa-toa, raiii" kia"; lie of good 
 courage, don't be afraid. khu tau teng pang 
 p^i ; go to the higher courts to get the busi- 
 ness furthered, panghiie; sot on fire, tfti 
 pkng hue teng; a great illumination. pang 
 cui teng ; set burning lanterns afloat, pang i 
 j!p ; let him in. cile kia pang i sin-cie"; lay 
 the blame on him. lu mai" p^ng tlo ua; do not 
 cast me off. pang tio i kai bo; deserted his 
 wife. pang kau si-cia" si-cia"; set it squarely 
 down. p^iig tlo cfa khu co hi'a; leave this 
 
 and go and do that. pang iing; pang hueh; 
 have dysentery. lu hd nft-piing ci ko ; you 
 
 stay here, l&i c6 pang lia sin pi"; come and 
 sit here by me. p^ng khui ; left open, pang 
 khuicio-ldug m&g; set the door of the bird 
 cage open. cang cam lai pang hueh ; take a 
 lancet and let blood. khui miig, pkng ciii ; 
 
 open a sluice and let the water run off. pkng 
 kui"; put it higher up. p^ng k3; set it lower 
 down. sin kua" cih jIm iiu cQ kia' hie" pang 
 kd ; when a now magistrate has entered upon 
 his office he sends to the villages a notification 
 of the days on which complaints may be enter- 
 ed, p^ng t!o se" lo khut i ; give him some 
 way of escape from death. pang loh hiie-lo ; 
 put it into the furnace, cf kai ti lid pang hA ; 
 this pool is a good place to keep fish. 
 
 -fcfV p^ng C4 To dress up ; to apparel ; 
 j/f 652 4 to rig out. 
 ta-paug kau ngia-ngia; dressed very hand- 
 somely, ta-p^ng CO khut-clah ; dressed so a.s 
 to appear like a beggar, cuang-pang kau cie" 
 iap-thiap si ai" khu c6 nang-kheh a ni si ? The 
 reason for your being so neatly dressed is that 
 you are going to pay a visit, is it not ? cuang- 
 ping khi lai, jin in pat to khu ; you are so 
 elaborately dressed that 1 hardly recognized 
 you. ta-pang lai s6-s6 ; plainly dressed. ta- 
 pang kau phai-chiang phai-chlang ; very richly 
 dressed. ta-pang kau hue ang liu lek ; very 
 showily dressed, bue c§ng siu-cuang ta-pang; 
 have not yet made my toilet, mien eng cuang- 
 pang, ka-ki ngia ; need not practise the arts of 
 dress, being handsome without it. bo cuang 
 bo pang kai ; in deshabille. 
 
 pang 98 A pitcher; a jug; an ewer. 
 702 6 ciu pang; a wine- jug. siah 
 pang; a pewter jug. hue pang; a jar for 
 
 flowers, i ciah u nS pang ciu ; he drank two 
 pitchers of wine. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 419 
 
 'O" 'fffl P''''"g-^ Cheap ; convenient. 
 
 H^ [•%, 273 pang-i bo ho hue; cheap 
 goods are never the best of their kind. ua 
 thau la mj\i° tham p&ng-i ; I advise yon not 
 to covet clieapness. iu phi", iu chi°, lu pang-I; 
 cheap, fresh, and handy. co hie" pang-i ? 
 
 How is it that they are so cheap ? khah 
 
 prmg-i khut i ; let him have it too cheaply. 
 
 A room ; a chamber ; an 
 office or bureau : a branch 
 
 pang 63 
 
 134 T 
 of a family. 
 
 i jip khu pang lai ; he has gone into the 
 bedroom, u kui koi° p&ng? pang-koi" u jieh 
 coi ? How many rooms are there ? kai thia" 
 no kai pang ; one main room and two side 
 rooms. toa thia" toa pang ; roomy ; large 
 
 rooms. P^ng kia"; a small room. s6i-ek 
 p&ug; bath room, be pang; stables, tu-pang; 
 the pig sty. kho-pang ; a treasury. chng- 
 p9.ng ; a granary. mng-pang ; anteroom, 
 
 rang-lau koi° pang ; a hall, nang-kheh pang ; 
 guest's bedroom, hiie-sit pang ; kitchen, to- 
 pang; cook-house, pang ok; rooms. ISi-p^ng; 
 inner I'oouis ; female apartments. c6i° thia" 
 Hu pang ; the front and back rooms. chii kai 
 phien pang ; the rooms of the second wife ; the 
 second wife, cu-pang; a library, slang pang; 
 the female apai'tments in a yamun. tang 
 
 pang; khia-khi tang pang ; to room together, 
 tang pang hue cek ; the first night after mar- 
 I'iage. i lai lie, bue u kap pang ; after she 
 had come, but before they had occupied the 
 same room. pang mng chua" kin ; bolt the 
 
 bedroom door tightly, tie" pang ; the house- 
 hold of the eldest. nin cp kiii pang-thau 
 khui? How many households are there of you ? 
 pSng tie"; the head of this branch of the 
 family. pang cok ; families and clans. lak 
 pang khue ; the six bureaus in a yamun. ieh 
 pang ; a dispensary. 
 
 tR P^"g §2 A plain, level place. 
 *r « 856 5 l6 siu-sip kau pe^-pe" p5ng- 
 pang, boi khi-khu ; the road has been repaired 
 80 that it is very level, and not at all rough. 
 
 JH^^ pSng 75 A club, staff, or cudgel. 
 Tt^ 657 8 khia ki ju-i pSng ; held a 
 mace in his hand. oh khun pSng ; learn to 
 
 box and to fence with clubs. i kai thui-pSug 
 c;ho cai ; her clubs are of a promiscuous sort ; 
 fihe uses anything she can get hold of to 
 whip with. 
 
 pang 149 
 It^ 657 To" 
 
 blandering her. 
 
 To slander. 
 
 i to pSng i kai ; he is 
 hui"-pang ; to defame ; to 
 
 slander; to vilify; cia si t<5 hiii'-pSng i kS,i, i 
 b6 cia su; this is said to injui'e his good name, 
 he did no such thing. 
 
 pang 75 The bole, the trunk. 
 
 313 10 i kai ki-pSng se" l^i hd ; it 
 is very symmetrical in its growth, ci cftng hue 
 kai ki-p3,ng ngi'a ctli ; the branches and trunk 
 of this plant are very well formed. 
 
 ~ ly pang 70 Manner ; a way. 
 y/y 132 toa pang ; liberal ; extensive; 
 large. ci kai a-no".kia" se" lai toa pang ; this 
 infant is of fine proportions, i co su sim si toa 
 pang ; he does things on a very large scale. i 
 kai ku-tong to si toa-toa pang-pang; his actions 
 are always such as show breadth of mind. 
 
 — pat — 
 pat 149 To be acquainted with. 
 rBKi 770 12 m pat; do not know, m pat 
 lo ; do not know the way. lia m pat i ; I am 
 not acquainted with hira. i m pat tp-H; he 
 
 does not understand the doctrine. i m pat 
 
 nang ; he does not understand human nature, 
 m pat ho khiap ; does not know how to dis- 
 criminate between good and evil. sic pat kai 
 nang ; an acquaintance. ua kang i sie pat ; I 
 am acquainted with him. Iu si kio i sie pat a 
 m si ? He is an acquaintance of yours, is he 
 not ? pat loi-sio kai nang; one who knows how 
 to behave himself in company, pat jl pat bak ; 
 familiar with literature. Iu jin thoi" pat mg ? 
 Do you recognize it ? lia pat to jin ; I recog- 
 nize it. lia thia" m pat to khu ; I do not 
 understand what is said. ua thoi" m pat to 
 khu ; I do not know how to look at it in such a 
 way as to see it. lia ta" m pat to khu; I do not 
 know what I ought to say. co-ni ta" i to m 
 pat ; whatever you say to him he does not 
 understand it. ta° kau meng-meng peh-peh i 
 cong-ku m pat ; though you speak in the 
 plainest way, he never understands. 
 
 pat 73 A sign of the past. 
 
 952 8 lia pat th6i"-ki° i ; I have seen 
 it before. bue pat thia"-ki'' ci kia" su ; I had 
 not heard of this, ci kai ti-hng lia m pat kau ; 
 I have not before been here. lia pat kau ni'n 
 ci kp u sa" si hue ; I have been here at your 
 hou.se two or three times. ua cu-lai m pat 
 
 pe"-thia"; I have never before been ill. ua pat 
 thia"-k\'' nang ta"; I have heard it said, i pat 
 CO kiie ; he has made them before. 
 
 pat 18 Other ; another ; besides. 
 
 684 5 pat nang ; other people, pat 
 tio l6; another road, pat much ; other things, 
 u p^t miieh a bo ? Have you anything else ? 
 
 M 
 
420 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 b6 pS,fc mih k&x ; have nothing beside. u p&t 
 ie°; have other kinds. ra si p&t nftng; it is 
 none but yourself ; seeing that it is you. ai° 
 khu pat k6 ; am going elsewhere. pat kai 
 
 ti-hrig b6 ; it is not to be found in other places, 
 pat kok ia u ; other countries have it. tieh 
 kue pat se"; must go to another province. b6 
 pat wn-ku ; there is no other cause for it. 
 
 — pau — 
 ^^ pau 20 To wrap up, to envelope; to 
 Ijfi C>63 8 contain, to hold; to be includ- 
 ed in ; to be patient ; to undertake ; to manage 
 an affair; to assume ; to engage ; to warrant ; 
 to insure ; a bundle, a bale, a wrapper ; plated, 
 as with gold. 
 
 pau c6 cek pau ; do them up in one bundle, 
 ciia khah soi, pau m b^a ; the paper is too 
 small, I cannot wrap them in it. phah co kai 
 p6 pau ; do them up in a cloth wrapper. jQ 
 ke' li pau ua"; if counterfeit will guarantee an 
 exchange, pau-nia ; to guarantee ; to warrant 
 goods ; to make one's self responsible for. 
 pau-ham ; forbearing. pau-kwn lu b6 su ; I 
 assure you there is nothing to fear, i td pau- 
 1am s^-song ; he undertakes to conduct the 
 suit, thi" ko pau-h6k-phiie ; making a wrap- 
 per to wrap clothing in. ko naiig p\ pau-kd ; 
 hired a man to carry his bundle. hu t6i s<5 
 
 pau kai to-H slm khuah ; the doctrine con- 
 tained in it is of very extensive application, 
 pau-kwt ; to include; to contain; to inclose, 
 pau-kwt ii no ie° kai i-si^ ; it involves too 
 different ideas. hu tie" ciia pan mih niueli ? 
 What is done up in that paper ? ngun pau 
 kirn ; silver plated with gold, i si pau-phi i; 
 he countenances him. i pau kai lau-ku ; he 
 keeps a mistress. 
 
 pau 130 Uterine ; brotherly. 
 
 663 6 <ang pau hia"-!! ; brothers, 
 having the same father and mother. pau cf- 
 mue°; own sisters, pau tiet; own brother's son. 
 
 pau 9 To protect, to defend, to keep 
 
 664 7 safe. 
 thi°-ti pe-bp pau-Iu ; may the Creative Powers 
 in Nature bless you. pau-iu i kui pe" khue- 
 khije hd ; grant him a speedy recovery. cia 
 tia°-tieh ?! sin-meng pau-iu i ; the gods surely 
 helped him in this. i si co thai-pau, a si co 
 sjo-pau ? Is he the principal or the secondary 
 guardian of the emperor ? m si, si co thai-cu 
 thai-pau ; he is neither, he is the chief guardian 
 of the heir-apparent. 
 
 p5u 72 Stormy, tempestuous; cruel, 
 666 11 violent; oppressive; fierce. 
 pau-Dgiak ; cruel ; tyrannical. pau-no° sie" 
 
 # 
 
 kua"; violent wrath injures the liver, khlong- 
 hiong pau-ak; brutal wickedness. hut-jien 
 pau pe" ; suddenly became dangerously ill. 
 nang m-hd cu pSn, cu khi ; one should not 
 throw himself away in a fit of rage. tu pSu, 
 ua" liang ; extirpate the fierce, and tranquilize 
 the gentle. i kai se°-cheng chang-pau j his 
 disposition is savage. 
 
 il]f pftu 98 A gallipot; a jar with a 
 plAl 673 8 small neck and large body, 
 cm pSu ; a wine jar. cho pSu ; a vinegar jar. 
 hue thiia" pSu ; a pot for holding cinders, 
 hue kirn pSa ; an uru holding the bones of 
 the dead. 
 
 pftu 142 Rock oysters. 
 523 15 pftu-hii; dried rock-oysters, 
 lam pRu ; Hainan oysters. tang-ie° pftu ; Ja- 
 panese oysters. 
 
 — pauh — 
 SS pauh 104 Pimples ; rash ; a cold-sore. 
 975 15 cf no jit, min cle" phu liap 
 juah-pauh ; a cold-sore been coming out on my 
 face iheso two days. 
 
 X^ pauh 106 To sprout out; to bud. 
 i?5< 121 8 hue f"-keng pauh liii ; the 
 plant has already put forth twigs. pauh ki 
 
 siln Ip-lp tng chut lai; has put forth a long 
 slender sprout. 
 
 — pe — 
 
 -tpl pe 64 A faggot ; a bundle ; a classi- 
 j ^ 644 4 fier of things held in the hand; 
 a single handful. 
 
 cek pe cha ; a bundle of faggots, cek pe tu ; a 
 bundle of chopsticks. pak cp cek pe ; tie 
 
 them up in a bundle. cek pe c€k pe ; bunch 
 by bunch, h'am hue-pe chle" 16 ; light a torch 
 to illumine the way. i khu Q kai pe gueh ; he 
 has been gone about a month. ci'a tak kau 
 
 peh pe ngiin ; this is worth about a hundred 
 dollars. i kai chfu-pe hph toa ; he has very 
 
 large arms. ce sa cu cia° pe ; as soon as you 
 rake it up you will get a bundle. me° pe hi 
 pun i ; took up a handful of rice and gave it to 
 him. me" pe iam lai loh ; take up a handful 
 of salt and put it in. 
 
 pg 87 To scratch. 
 646 4 pe thau-khak; to scratch the 
 head, pe cie°; sci-atch where it itches. sa° ni 
 koi ciah Ift lu pe ; scratching itch scars that are 
 three years old is as much work as you care 
 to do. khin-khin pe ; scratch lightly. it- 
 khiiai, thng bueh pe kha ; the greatest comfort 
 is to take off your stockings and scratch your 
 feet. 
 
 m 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 421 
 
 sit np 
 teetli 
 
 j# '' 
 
 pg 20 To creep ; to crawl. 
 
 715 7 chifc CO poih pe kaa hwt ge ; 
 sit np afc seven months old, creep at eight and 
 teetli at nine. 
 
 p§ 142 To crawl, as worms do. 
 
 343 4 seng-peh thang pe cek koi", 
 chi-gi cfii ; the caterpillars from the fir trees 
 are crawling everywhere, and rendering all 
 places horrible. cek tio pe to lu sin teng ; 
 
 there is one crawling upon you. 
 
 pe 127 A drag; a rake; to harrow. 
 
 645 4 loi, p6, ciii-chia ; ploughs, 
 harrows and water-wheels; farming implements, 
 kliia ki khau-pe khu khau chau ; take a i*ake 
 and rake out the weeda. pe chang ; harrow a 
 field. phah sua pe ; an instrument for clear- 
 ing water courses from sand. pe khui ; rake 
 open, thih pe ; an ii'on rake. 
 
 172 pe-khi ; a small land-crab 
 ij/ 662 12 common in rice-fields. 
 S,ng kha pe-khl ; red clawed land crabs. 
 
 /^ pe 29 pe-thau ; a trident ; a three 
 -'^^ 5 1 pronged fork, used as a weap- 
 on in battle. 
 
 *^t»* pe ^ A father ; an ancestor. 
 ..^^ 147 se" pe ; he who begot me. pe 
 chin ; own father. ngi pe ; adopted father, 
 
 pe cip ; my father's friends, peh pe, cek pe ; 
 father's elder and younger brother. pe hia° 
 ka kia"-ti to si ka i ho ; when fathers and 
 elder brothers teach the children of a family, 
 they are always well taught. pS-bp kua"; our 
 district magistrate. thi-kiu pe su ; examine 
 his father and his teacher. i tang soi bo pe 
 bo bp ; from his infancy he has had neither 
 father nor mother. c6 pe ; grandfather, 
 
 ceng CO pe ; great grandfather. kau c6 pe ; 
 great great graiidfather. ngak pe ; wife's 
 
 father, tang-ni pe; the father of a friend born 
 in the same year as myself. i kai pe c6 ia si 
 thi-mia kai nang ; his ancestors also were 
 people of repute. ju 16 au-pe ; hatred like 
 that toward a step-father. pe bd sieh ki'a" 
 
 kai sim, bo so put ci ; the affection of parents 
 toward their children has no limit, thi" e 
 bo put si ti pe bd ; nothing under heaven can 
 render our parents anything but our parents. 
 
 -pe"- 
 
 ^^ pe" 64 To break ; to separate the 
 Sy^ 649 4 parts of a thing, 
 pe" khui ; to break apart by pulling at. ci ki 
 sam sie-hu pe", pe° co no poi"; help to pull 
 apart the sides of this stick of timber and pull 
 it in two. pe" m khui j cannot rend it in two. 
 
 tE 
 
 fp§ 
 
 p6" 64 To hold ; to guard; to head off. 
 
 644 4 p6" mng kai nslng; those who 
 guard the gates. pe"-siti mng-ho ; guards the 
 gates. pe" bd i kue ; stopped the way and 
 
 would not let him pass. io 16 teng kak-kak 
 u nang id pe"; the important roads are each 
 guarded by some one. 
 
 pe" 75 A handle, a haft, a crank ; 
 
 700 6 having control of ; authority, 
 power. 
 
 tie pe"j something to take hold of in talking, 
 mai" phah tlo nang kai ue pe"; do not interrupt 
 the conversation. e jit khut nang co ue pe"; 
 will furnish a subject for gossip hereafter. ii 
 pa pe", kai su co lai boi ju ; with a basis for 
 action, the thing may be done without disorder, 
 si i id ciang khwn-pe"; it is he who holds the 
 authority. ci ki pe" khah td ; this haft is too 
 short. tang-ue tieh tau cek ki pe" cia" hd 
 
 &ng ; the copper saucepan must have a handle 
 put in, then it can be used. p6-thau pe"; an 
 axe-helve, to pe"; knife handle, u kp pe" hd 
 lira ; there is a crank to turn it by. lim i kai 
 pe" lai ka; take hold of the crank and turn it 
 vertically. 
 
 — ^ pe" 9 To take from another and add 
 700 6 to one's own. 
 i kili seng-li ciig kai khut i pe" khu ; his trade 
 has all been absorbed by them, nin kak nang 
 kak nang cp, i ia mai" pe" lu kai, lu ia mai" 
 pe" i kai f now go each of you and make your 
 own, he is not to take your things, and you ai'e 
 not to take his. ia si ai" pe" i kai piig-ua"- 
 
 thau li i cSi tit hau" ? How can he consent to 
 having the tidbit that caps his bowl of rice 
 taken away ? 
 
 /^[X P^" 51 Level, even, smooth, uniform, 
 
 I 701 2 equal, 
 lo m pe"; the road is not level. pe"-pe° lo ; a 
 level road. pe" tl ; level ground. pe"-ie°; a 
 plain. pe"-pe" cek ie"; all of the same kind. 
 
 pe"-pe" hd ; equally good, m pe" Ie"; not of the 
 same sort. pe°-pe" toa ; of the same size, ta" 
 tho khu thun i pe"; carry earth and fill in to 
 make it level, hai min pe"-pe", bp huang eng ; 
 the sea is smooth, there is no wind nor waves, 
 no nang pe" pun ; divide it equally between 
 the two. pang pe" mai" khio bi; set it down so 
 that it will stand level, do not tip it. no p6i° 
 tleh pe" cai, ce ra pe" cai cu ai" tang-thau-au ; 
 you must lade in equally on either side, if you 
 do not it will tip to one side. si nie pe" t3.ng 
 a si nie cui tang ? Is it measured level with the 
 brim, or is it heaped up ? no nang pe"-pe° 
 
 kuii"; the two are of eq^ual height. 
 
422 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 pe" 75 A scaffold or staging; a frame- 
 (J02 8 work; ashed; a booth. 
 Ijj |)u"; a platform for plays. tah kfti Hang 
 
 p e"; set up an awning, sai pe"; a drying shed, 
 tliiah pe"; take down a staging. ke° pe"; a 
 watchman's shed. kim bd nfing tah kue-koi- 
 pe"; forbid any one's putting a staging across 
 the street. co kiii, sph m ele" ko-pe"; when 
 you become a spirit, you won't be able to climb 
 up on the platform where the food is laid out 
 for poor devils. cp Q kiii pe" hi ? How many 
 theatrical performances are going on ? kno 
 pe"; trellis for a melon vine. p6 pe"; a cloth 
 awning. sin pe"; a platform for the gods. l5 
 than pe"; a shelter beside the road. t<S lio-p6" 
 t6i ko ut ; lying asleep in a shed. p§" pang; 
 the flooring of a stage. p6"-t6ng ; the roof of 
 a shed or booth. mo" pe"; a lookout. ele" 
 mo"-pe" teng khu mo"; went up into the obser- 
 vatory and looked out. ciia fa pe"; a platform 
 for a puppet show. 
 
 pe" 104 Sickness, illness ; an ailment 
 700 6 or pain ; a defect ; affliction ; 
 misery. 
 
 ii pe"; is ill. se" pe"; to become ill. b6 p5"; 
 has no ailment. pe"-ceng ; disease j malady. 
 16 th6i' cia p6" ui me? Do you think his 
 disease dangerous ? cfa pe" oh ui ; this is an 
 incurable disease. cf khi pe" bd-siang-kang ; 
 this ailment is of no consequence. i ti Q sim- 
 niih pe" ? What disease has he ? i kfii pe" 
 
 chwn-ju lib ; he has recovered. khin pe"; a 
 
 Blight ailment. tSng pe"; a severe illness, sa"- 
 cSp ni c6i", nang chue pe", sa"-cap ni 5u, pe" 
 chue nang ; before thirty people go out of their 
 way to incur illness, after thirty illness comes 
 to people unsought. i tang bo pe" tieh long 
 kau pe"; nothing being the matter with it, he 
 must needs meddle with it till there is. i bo 
 mn,u"-pe"; nothing is the matter with it ci kia" 
 su kai maa"-pe" si to ci kai nang; the trouble 
 in this matter lies in this individual. chii- 
 
 teng p6 lib cong-kii hi" lau, lu thoi" i kai mfiu"- 
 pe" SI to ti kp ? Since being mended the roof 
 continually leaks, what do you think is the 
 trouble with it ? lia cu cai i kai pi-pe" to ti- 
 kp ; I know what is the trouble with it. i ho 
 lib, pe" leng-ua" hwn ; after recovering he had 
 a relapse, jiam tieji sim-mih pe".ceng ? What 
 disease has he? pe" su-hok ieh ; disease vields 
 to medicine. i kai si kii pe" a si cho p6" ? Is 
 his ailment one that he has had before, or is 
 this the first time he has had it ? ti p6"; cure 
 sickness. ^ thio-li i kai pe"; doctor him. to 
 ke I'ang pe"; is at home nursing his health, 
 thoi" tleh bp kai pe" long ; does not look ill. 
 
 p5u pe"; a violent attack. i i"-keng p6" kd 
 
 lib ; he has been ill a long time, pe" kau piia" 
 th<5 si; so ill that he nearly died. ci'a si siiu 
 pe", m si ieh hd ui kai ; this is a mental disease, 
 not curable by medicine. boi pe" boi thia"; 
 
 is not ill, nor in pain. hwn-lp kiiu pe"; made 
 ill by grief. j)e" hd Ho; has recovered, huang- 
 hinm kai pe"; a dangerous illness. pi) pe"; to 
 plead illness. te" p6"; to pretend ito be ill. 
 
 cuang pe"; to elaborately feign illness, toa pe"; 
 a long fit of sickness, khi kau ]ie"; become ill 
 through vexation, pe" kau id chhr; ill in bed. 
 kio pe" iiiingcek le"; like an invalid. kliioh 
 ci" khu boi pe"; to purchase illness, to smoke 
 opium. ai" ui pe", ju-keng thi" pe"; tried io 
 cure him, but made him worse. p6" ngwn; the 
 origin of the disease. pe" kun 6i tng ; the 
 
 cause of the maladj is removed. si phio pe" 
 a si png p6" ? Does the disaese arise from ex- 
 ternal or internal causes ? cf khi pe" oi iie 
 n&ng; this disease is contagious. tia th6i" 
 
 i kai p6".s\ tira-tang; I think the disease has 
 taken a deep hold on him. pe" iu; the cause of 
 the disease, pe" cheng; the symptoms. pe" 
 kka ki' sf ; at the point of death. pe' chfen ; 
 not very sick, miig p6"; inquire after the sick. 
 
 — peh — 
 
 To open, as the eyes. 
 . _ lu kai mak peh toa ce ; open 
 
 your eyes a little wider, i kfti milk m cai slm- 
 mih mftu"-pe", m ka" peh khui ; do not know 
 what is the matter with hi.s eyes, it hurts him 
 to open them, mftk peh iTi khui ; cannot open 
 his eyes. hi'i klii mak tang i peh kau toa- 
 
 toa liap, tie" kau hai"-hai", hwn si m tit nang 
 iii ; let him bung out his eyes as much as he 
 pleases, nobody is afraid of him. cek p6i" 
 
 mak peh khui, cek poi" mak tie" bua; open 
 one eye and shut the other. 
 
 'iFl P^^* - "^ father's elder brother; the 
 I Fl 707 5 eldest of the brothers; a senior, 
 cek pek hia" tl ; sons of brothers. i si lin a- 
 peh ; he is our uncle. peh pe ; my dear uncle, 
 thang a-peh ; father's cousin. lau peh ; peh 
 ^oiig ; great uncle, cok l5i ksii a-peh ; a senior 
 of the same clan. hok ISk lai kui a-peh ; a 
 
 senior, so near of kin that mourning would be 
 worn for him should he die. peh m; uncle 
 
 and aunt. a-cek a-peh hiie ; uncles. peh la ; 
 a god usually having its shrine on a hill. 
 
 peh 75 The cypress, cedar, and simi- 
 
 708 6 lar evergreens. 
 s6ng-peh ; the fir tree. ng-peh ; bark of the 
 
 Pterocarpus flavus, used to dye silks yellow, 
 cek-peh ; the arbor- vitea. 
 
 HS pell 109 
 Py 29 V 
 
 1=& 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALEOT. 
 
 4^ 
 
 ' |g-| pell 106 A hundred ; the whole of a 
 \-J$ 707 1 class or sort; many, numer- 
 ous ; all. 
 
 peh U bng ; a hundred miles away. peh-se"; 
 the people ; the masses. peh ci° cek kun ; a 
 
 linndred cash per catty. kia", cuk peh ngun ; 
 a hundred dollars apiece, i kui peh-peh-chap; 
 lie is very meddlesome. cek tng ki° peh tng ; 
 seeing it once is the same as seeing it a hundred 
 times. peh hwt, peh toiig ; every shot tells. 
 peh mueli to chi-pi; all things are in readiness. 
 peh su In'o ; understands all sorts of affairs, 
 peh ci'o chio hiiang ; all the birds go to the 
 court of the phenix. peh ni hai lau ; grow old 
 together for a hundred years. peh ni cu Su ; 
 when a hundred years have passed; after this 
 life. bun bii peh kua" khu chio-ho ; all the 
 
 officials, civil and military, went to congratu- 
 late him. kua"-si kjii sii peh pien ; litigation 
 takes numberless shapes. cu-nie-kia° peh pi°; 
 young girls undergo constant transformation, 
 peh pna" jok-me"; reviled him with every vile 
 term he could think of. peh bo cek ; not one 
 in a hundred. peh ke se"; the clan names, 
 
 ciah cia" peh hue ; lived to be about a hundred 
 years old. piia" peh ; half a hundred. cho 
 kau peh ; make it up to a hundred. m kau 
 
 cek peh ; not so many as a hundred, m kheng 
 cek peh ; not so few as a hundred. 
 
 peh 64 To break asunder ; to pull iu 
 _ 710 13 two ; to pluck open, 
 ham i kai chiii peh khui ; tell him to open his 
 mouth. peh co no ko ; break it into two 
 
 portions, peh pol"; peh c^ no poi"; break it in 
 halves. peh ka"; divide oranges, using the 
 
 hands only. mi"-pau peh kau chiii-chiii ; 
 
 break the bread in small fragments, peh khui 
 no iifing kai chi'u ; separate two who are 
 fighting. 
 
 To claw ; to tear with the 
 
 4flr peh 64 
 ^y|V 32 4 claws, 
 peh kau chap-chap-chui ; clawed in pieces, 
 min kbut i peh hueh lau ; her face was clawed 
 by him so that it bled. peh plma min phue ; 
 clawed the skin off his face. mai" khut ngio 
 kai jio peh tieh ; do not let th« cat claw you. 
 ho" peh am ; carries his head on one side, (as 
 if a tiger had clawed his neck), i khau-khau 
 peh-peh cia" oi tit seng ke ; it is by raking 
 and scraping that he has been able to support 
 a family. 
 
 peh 87 To clamber ; to climb ; to 
 
 64G 4 scale. 
 i peh rn khi ; he cannot climb up there. peh 
 cie" chu-teng ; climb up on the roof. lu mai° 
 
 m 
 
 peh chie", peh piah ; do not clamber over the 
 walls. peh cle° sua°-teng ; scaled the moun- 
 tain, hia" peh cle" chng teng ; the ants have 
 got up on the table. 
 
 "Sle f%T# peh-geh To lost ; to divert one's 
 pMjMXi 180 ^ self 
 
 i si (p peh-geh ; he is joking, i ciu-jit to bX t(J 
 peh-peh gdh-geli, ta" bo ku cia"-keng tie ; he 
 jokes all the time, and never says a word in 
 sober earnest. 
 
 \r~t peh 106 White; clear ; plain ; gratis; 
 
 I — I 706 without rank, 
 sek peh ; sek ciii peh ; light colored. si ai' 
 
 peh sek kai, a si ai" chiah sek kai ? It is a 
 white one or a brown one that is wanted ? 
 soh peh ; snowy white. se" lai sph-soh p§h ; 
 naturally of a snowy whiteness. thong sin 
 
 p§h-theli peh-theh; pure white all over, chui- 
 lim-phue peh-chih-choi"; his lips are white, 
 se" peh tie"; has white blotches or blisters, 
 pie peh kai po si cang cui pak kau peh-pSh ; 
 bleached cloth is frequently wet with water 
 until it is white. sdi kau khiet-khiet peh ; 
 
 wash it clean and white. peh tek ciia ; white 
 writing paper. buah kau c6k min hiin peh- 
 peh ; smear it on till the whole face is white 
 with powder, lia ai" iu cp peh kai ; I want it 
 painted white. cheng peh, kua" ha ; wear 
 
 white as mourning. p^h cia; a white screen, 
 used to separate women from men at funerals, 
 cheng peh sa" peh khb ; dress in white, lin cf 
 ko kai nang ia si pak peh kun cu si toa ha ; 
 if people here wear white skirts, they are iu 
 mourning, ang peh ang peh ; pink and white, 
 hek pek hun meng ; black and white distinctly 
 divided. phah peh cflang ; a sharper who 
 
 looks about while he pretends to seek a friend, 
 than tng peh jit; in broad daylight. peh- 
 
 peh cu khut Id; let you have it for nothing, 
 peh ciah ; a free meal, ciah kau peh-peh ; ate 
 it all up clean. peh chiu seng ke ; self made, 
 tie" khi lai mak-ciu kiak-kiak peh ; bulged out 
 his eyeballs. si ta" peh ue a si ta" kua" ue ? 
 Are they speaking the vernacular or the court 
 dialect ? i ai" chi'a" kai nang lai ka peh tie ; 
 he wishes to get some one to come and teach 
 the local dialect. i lai ni cie" si kai gueh cil 
 pat peh ue ; before he had been here four 
 months he could speak the vernacular. i kai 
 peh ue pat khu lo chim ; he understands the 
 spoken language very well indeed. i kai peh 
 lie ta" kio png ti nang cek ie"; he speaks like 
 a native. tia" peh ; the spoken parts of a 
 
 play, or those not sung. sia pSh ji ; write 
 
 words by their sound, and not according to 
 
424 
 
 DICTfONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 their meaning, sia cSk kili peh ciii jl ki' phah 
 cSk e chfa t6i ; for each letter you write by its 
 sound, I shall ferule you one stroke, thak 
 
 pSh bun ; read the simple text, ci k&i n&ng si 
 peh sin ; this is a commoner, liang ISi bo pgli 
 teng ; among those who went and came there 
 were no commoners, all were people of rank, 
 ftng su, p6h m ; a happy affair or a grevious 
 affair ; a marriage or a funeral, tng mln chio" 
 p61i ; I got the better of him in that argument, 
 peh ciah peh ta"; gasconade ; bragging. peh 
 ok chut kong kheng ; a plain family has pro- 
 duced a great statesman, mfing-peh ; cloarlj. 
 tk" ue kau mOng-raSng peh^heh ; speaks v©ry 
 plainly. i t6 lai mSng-pgh ; i sim Ifti m6ng- 
 pdh ; ho is well informed. lia thia" in mfing- 
 pSh ; I do not understand clearly what is said. 
 pfo peh chut lai ; clearly set forth. sueh 
 
 p6h ; explain clearly. p6h-ctiang; a counter 
 Bnatcher. 
 
 JS MJIL 253 
 
 p6h.cfa"; pcih-16h ; to tell 
 falsehoods. i t6 p6h- 
 loh, m^i" thia" i; he is telling what is untrue, 
 pay no hoed to him. i t<5 toa p6h-cfa"; he is 
 telling lies. 
 
 pgh 60 Plain white silk ; taffety ; 
 
 707 6 wealth ; property ; a present 
 of silk. 
 
 p6 p6h ; silken fabrics. cb&i-peh ; riches, 
 
 chai-peh-che"; the god of wealth. pslk peh ; 
 wear a white silk badge of mourning. 
 
 — pek — 
 
 )hrt pek 61 An earnest, resolute feeling; 
 l^Ei 692 9 oppressed; borne down with, 
 aim pek ; oppressed in mind by the considera- 
 tion of it. sim lai pek cJli ; the feelings 
 greatly interested, thia" tieh i kai ue, slt-cfii 
 pek ; on hearing what he said, she became 
 deeply distressed about it. 
 
 *6 
 
 pek 9 An earl. 
 
 707 5 pek ciah ; the rank of an earl. 
 
 pek 75 The cedar. 
 
 708 6 nng-pek; bark of the Pter- 
 ocarpus flavus, used in medicine, and for dyeing 
 silks yellow, pek-ci-jin ; jumper seeds. 
 
 "♦ ^4 P^^ M? '^^ insist upon ; to urge ; to 
 i^iS* 692 9 crowd ; to harass ; to reduce 
 to straits ; urgent ; imperious, 
 pek-chiet ; pressing ; urgent, kip pek ; requi- 
 ring haste. ui si s(5 pek; driven by circum- 
 stances, cfa si pek i bo nSi kai ; this is crowd- 
 ing him beyond what he can endure, pek th(5 
 
 sio-bak ; urgently demand payment of a bill, 
 pek liah ; seize with haste, pek kau i sf khji; 
 kill by hard usage. pek Ip nSng mia"; hamss 
 to death, pek i sfa tio; compel him to cast it 
 away. pek i k6i-ke ; force a wife to marry 
 
 another man. ku khah pek, li m chut; the 
 
 business is too urgent, I cannot attend to it. 
 jit-ci pek ; the time is close at hand, ptk-pck; 
 very pressing. pek khii kin c5i ; driven to 
 
 great straits. poh-lek ; browbeat oiio into, 
 
 pek kau hii pi°-pi'; drove him on to the border, 
 ke-hiie clio"-pek bua kliu ; the armed men 
 rushed upon, pek kau i cle" thi" bo l5, loh tl 
 h^ mng ; drove him to desperation. 
 
 — peng — 
 
 To hold in the hand; to 
 
 uphold J to maintain ; to 
 
 p^hg 115 
 
 699 T 
 have power. 
 
 bI i t3 peijg khwn ; it is he who holds the 
 power. peng kong phoi" su ; adjudicate 
 
 matters in an eq,uitable way. 
 
 peng 187 Union between things nat- 
 690 6 urally separate. 
 p6ng c<5i'; a double finger, two of the fingers 
 grown together. peng khl ; two teeth united 
 BO as to form one. peng h!ap ; ribs joined bo 
 as to have no interstice between the two. 
 
 ^^ p6ng 61 To trust to; confiding in; 
 4liA\ 702 12 according to, as ; proof, 
 evidence ; that which can be proven, 
 peng tong boi-kau ra6ng nang kai ch4ng ; 
 depend on a middleman to buy a field from a 
 certain man. jim peng i co-nl ie"; in any way 
 he pleases. cfa si u peng u ku kai ; this is 
 
 something for which there is proof, bo peng- 
 ktt; without proof. kh^au sueh, hd peng; 
 
 words will not serve for proof. cang slm- 
 
 raueh ui peng ? What evidence is there for it ? 
 ci'a si peng i ta" kui ; this verifies what he said, 
 peng-toa"; a receipt or order. p§ng-toa° chu 
 ngun cek choi" nfe ; the draft calls for a thou- 
 sand taels. 
 
 m 
 
 peng 1 Two standing or going to- 
 700 7 gether ; a dual ari*angement; 
 a copulative partirle; altogether; both, with, 
 and, also, moreover, unitedly, at once ; used 
 before a negative it enforces it, 
 peng bo cie°-se"; it is not so at all. peng hut; 
 by no means. peug hui u i ; quite uninten- 
 tional, no nang peng co ; both sat down, 
 peng m si; not so at all. peng long, jieh 
 coi ci" ? How much was it, including commis- 
 sion ? 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 42i 
 
 ™ 6^8 
 
 — pi — 
 112 Stone tablets, such as are set 
 668 8 up in temples or public places, 
 cieb-pi ; a stone tablet of any kind, phun pi ; 
 a grave stone. cbia" nang op pi-bun ; invite 
 some one to compose an inscription for the 
 tablet. cu-soi" lip u pi-ki to k^ ; fixed upon 
 the inscription beforehand. ci hu pi-cleh 
 
 phah u jieh coi ci" ? How much did it cost to 
 have this sot of grave stones cut ? ci kp pi 
 
 sip-sip-peh, hu kp pi tak-tak-lah ; this tablet 
 is a solid white and that one is a mottled gray, 
 chin-clue" phah cieh-pi kai ; fixed as if graven 
 on a stone. 
 
 pi 145 To put on a binding. 
 
 22 16 sa" ku eng pi-ciap a mien ? 
 Shall I bind the bottom of the tunic or not ? 
 chiu-ng tieh pi ; the sleeves must be bound, 
 hu ki" pi cek ciie-kia" o kai ; put a very nar- 
 row binding of black on that edge. i hwn ii 
 k&i pi-ciap kai bo ; he has an additional wife. 
 Bi ngwn phiie a si pi-ciap kai ? Is she the chief 
 wife or one taken on in addition ? 
 
 pi 118 The metallic tongues in reed 
 _ _ 252 T2 instruments, 
 tau kai pi loh khu pun cia° oi hiang ; insert a 
 metallic tongue and then when you blow on it, 
 it will emit a sound, pi mai" pa-16i tio, pa-16i 
 tio cu pun boi hiang ; do not meddle with and 
 spoil the metallic tongue, if you do it will not 
 give forth notes. 
 
 A tick or louse. 
 
 gu-pi ; vermin which infest 
 
 pi 145 To reinforce ; to supply ; to 
 680 8 be useful. 
 ci le" much ciah lio tai u pi-p6 ; this when 
 eaten is very strengthening. cia leng-kp 
 
 mai", ciah lio bp pi-p6 ; it is better not to 
 take this, it is not nutritive when you have 
 eaten it. 
 
 pi 140 A medicinal plant. 
 668 8 pi-hai; a creeper like the 
 smilax, with purple flowers. pi-mua" iu ; oil 
 used in making vermilion ink. pi-mua° ci ; 
 
 the castor oil bean. 
 
 pi 170 A bank, a dam. 
 
 704 6 kim-che kai cun ai" kue hiii 
 kiie, miia°-ti-kp cu. tieh pang pi ; wherever an 
 ambassador's boat wishes to pass, the banks 
 and dams must be removed. eph cek tio pi; 
 make a dam. 
 
 m 
 
 M 
 
 pi 60 That ; those ; there ; the other. 
 674 6 pi chu ; that and this. b6 
 chu b6 pi ; neither the one nor the other. pi 
 chii to cek ie"; either will do equally well, tit 
 chu li sit pi ; in getting this you lose that, pi 
 si i cp-ni th" ? What did he say at that time ? 
 
 pi 88 A deceased mother. 
 
 674 4 i kai si-c6-pi si un kp hue; 
 the founders of his family were from our neigh- 
 borhood. CO khau pi; deceased grandparents, 
 cong CO pi ; deceased great grandmother. 
 
 Ll* pi 81 To compare ; to put in a class; 
 ^W 674 to sort ; to equal ; to corres- 
 pond ; an illustration ; to bring into harmony; 
 a sign of the comparative, 
 ho kio i pi-peng ; may be classed with that, 
 lai kio i pi-ka, thoi" ti-tiang kai hd ; compare 
 it with his and see whose is the better, cia m 
 ho sie pi; this is not to be compared with it. 
 pi i kai io h6 se-su ; is a little better than his. 
 khp-pi ; comparable to ; may be illustrated by; 
 it is like, khp-pi i a si lai cii ho; as regards his 
 coming, if he comes it is all right, pi-huang i 
 a-si m le, cp-ni ? But supposing that he should 
 refuse, then what P bp-nang ho kio i pi ; there 
 is no one who may be compared with him. b6 
 kia" pi i tit cie°; there is not one that can bear 
 comparison with it. nang a-si thwn m k^u 
 kua" cu ai" pi che ; if they do not transmit 
 orders with sufficient alacrity the magistrates 
 will punish the policemen for dereliction of 
 duty. ci hue, pi ca chut, keng toa ; they are 
 more abundant now than at the early crop, i 
 pi lia keng kie°; he is more able than I. lu le, 
 put pi pat nang ; being you, it is not the 
 same as if it were another person, ham i no 
 nang khu pi bii-goi, pi thoi" ti-tiang kai bu. 
 goi kau-khiang ; tell the two to go and make 
 specimens of their handiwork, and see which 
 of them does best, pi tieh ne kah-kah; it just 
 fits in. pi khu hd me ? In measuring one upon 
 the other, do you find that it fits ? lia pi tieh li 
 khah khuah ; in measuring one on the other, I 
 find the one too wide, khia ki ke-hue to pi bu; 
 took a weapon and acted out a military drill, 
 pi-lun i a-si m thia° iia ta", lio cp-ni ? But 
 if he should not heed what I say, what then ? 
 cia si pi-jiS kai iie; this language is illus- 
 trative, khieh tio sph l^i pi ; take a rope and 
 by comparison of the measurements made, see 
 which is the longer, pi siang li put cok, pi hia 
 li u u ; compared with the best, it is below the 
 mark, and compared with the worst, it is above, 
 i pi i io kui"; she is taller than he. thi" pi ti ; 
 as far apart as heaven and earth, cang chiu pi 
 k&i Ie°; as if he were making gestures. 
 
426 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE ETTATOW DIALECT. 
 
 pi 154 To carry suspended on the 
 149 2 back, 
 pi p6-lo ; shoulder a wallet. ci cek p5-to hi 
 ai" pi kliu tl-kp ? Where are you carrying this 
 bag of rice ? pi m phu ; I cannot shoulder it. 
 lia pi kiiu hek si ; I have carried it till I am 
 almost tired to death. pi a-no"; to carry a 
 
 baby on the back in a cloth tied around the 
 chest. khieh tio pi-tio khi pi ; get the scarf 
 used for tying children on the back, and carry 
 him. iiio -ho" p\ tu ; a tiger carrying off a pig 
 on his back. 
 
 pi 104 Nnrab ; a partial numbness. 
 p* 675 8 cf hfie k&i kha pi-pi; my 
 foot is now asleep. hia ieh buah lio ne pj-pi, 
 Kui njlng c6-ni mueh m cai thia"; since putting 
 on iho medicine it has no feeling in it, and 
 whatever any one does to it there is no sensa- 
 tion of pain. chi\x pi li'o cio-cio-kio ; after 
 being asleep, my hand prickles. pi kau ne 
 ngui-ngui ; so fast asleep as to be perfectly 
 numb. chiig kii kha cQ ai° pj; if you squat 
 long, you legs will be numb, pi ieh ; medicine 
 producing numbness. 
 
 pi n5 Supernatural ; private ; secret. 
 G76 6 cf tie" hng si pi-thwu kai ; this 
 prescription is one that was secretly made 
 known, or privately handed down to its 
 recipient. pi kin, m kheng thwn khut uang; 
 kept it a close secret, and would not impart it 
 to anyone, mih ru pi cfii, rli hau° ka nslng ; he 
 is very unwilling to divulge any of his secrets, 
 and will teach them to nobody. pi slu k&i 
 
 sin hug; an infallible receipt privately received, 
 pi cu ; secret archives ; a mysterious or private 
 book. tit tieh i kai pi puah ; got his clap- 
 
 dish ; received his abstruse receipts. 
 
 pi 159 A course on horseback. 
 673 15 phau cek pi be' eng jieh coi 
 ci" ? How much must be paid for tTie use of 
 the horse in each course that you gallop ? 
 tieh lien phau u jieh coi pi be cia" ho loh 
 tie"; must practise riding for many courses and 
 then you can enter the lists at the examina- 
 tions. 
 
 1^ pi 180 The forearm ; the arm. 
 
 678 13 i kai chiu-pi I'o sbi ; his arm 
 is rather small, hu lia cek pi cu lak ; give me 
 a helping hand. i kai chia-pi-pa chun chut 
 lai lun-lun; he sti-etched out a very plump 
 arm. phah tieh i kai sit-pi ; shot him in 
 
 the wing. i kai pi-pang toa u lak ; he has 
 brawny arms. 
 
 M> 
 
 m 
 
 pi 53 To protect, as the gods do. 
 677 4 pi-Iu; to aid and bless, pi-ia 
 i khue-khiie hd ; grant him speedy recovery. 
 p<5-pi kau i pheng-ph6ng ang-ang ; give him 
 perfect peace. 
 
 pi 180 The spleen, which lying 
 680 8 near the stomach assists to 
 digest the food, and is supposed to open into 
 the heart ; the digestion. 
 
 i k&i pi-iii ho, b6 p6"; his digestion is good, 
 there is no derangement of the spleen and 
 stomach. i cie'-si kai pi-t6 m-h(5 ; his diges- 
 tive organs are out of order lately. tieh chue 
 cC klen pi kai ieh khu ciah ; must get some 
 medicine that will act on the spleen, and take 
 it. ci lo" gu-nek cu sIm si p6 pi ; this beef 
 strengthens the digestion. pi-hu kai u&ng ; 
 one whose digestive powers are weak. 
 
 pi 49 A jar with a small neck. 
 55 4 ch6 pi ; vinegar jar. cek pi 
 tSu-cie"; a jar of bean catsup. 
 
 -|I;p[t xLL p!-pC The loqnat, or medlar. 
 ^[^iMu 679 tengc^kkun pi-pe; weigh 
 out a catty of loquats. 
 
 ^^ ^?r P^'P^ ^ P®*'' shaped guitar with 
 C^ ^u 679 four strings, 
 toa" pi-pe ; th&ng pi-p^ ; play the viol. 
 
 pi 9_ To prepare; to make ready; to 
 677 10 provide for, or against; ready. 
 Clin pi ; made ready for. c6i-pi ; all in readi- 
 ness, fl.pi pin-piu to-ko ; every preparation 
 has been completed. ii pi phah i bd pi ; the 
 one who is prepared overcomes him who is un- 
 prepared, pi cok ngwn ke lai chfu-sok ; pro- 
 vided the original price in full and came to 
 ransom it. iIi ho khiu chwn ceh-pi ; one must 
 not look for entire perfection. pang kp u-pl 
 put ng6; put it aside in readiness for an emer- 
 gency, bwn le° kQ pi ; all things are ready, 
 ho b6 pi i cu lai ; he came when we were 
 totally unprepared. si'a-pl ; the second in 
 
 command of a garrison, cu pi khau-nie lai kio 
 chio-theng chut hik ; provide one's own food, 
 and work for the government without pay. 
 
 m 
 
 To close a door ; to exclude ; 
 to bar out ; to stop up ; obs- 
 
 p! 169 
 
 676 3 
 tructed, closed, 
 pi mng pi ho ; closed doors. pi mak ce sie"; 
 close the eyes and think. mng-lo khni-l^i lia 
 thoi" khah pi-sak ; I think the passages are too 
 much obstructed. pi mng hiu" kwn tha nang 
 su; shut up the doors and cease to observe 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 427 
 
 what other people are doing. pi-keng ; the 
 
 change of life. pl-gueh ; obstruction of the 
 
 menses. u cek ie° cie kie cp pi-khau-cie, 6i 
 
 ciah si nang ; there is a kind of pepper called 
 " shut-mouth " that kills those who eat it. 
 
 Unworthy, vilo, abject ; a 
 demeaning respectful term 
 
 m 6^5 f 
 
 for my or mine, 
 pi-tong m to ; my humble master is not at 
 home, pi hie" li ci ko hng ; my poor village is 
 far from here. to lin pi tl tiu jieh kii ? How 
 long have you lived in our unworthy country ? 
 pi tiam ci khi hvie boi wn Ho ; these goods are 
 all sold off, at our poor stall, pi chin ceng khu 
 ki" lu me ? Did my relative pay you a visit ? 
 
 pi 145 A sign of the passive voice, 
 669 ~5~ showing that what follows 
 was suffered or done. 
 
 pi lia tb6i"-ki"; was seen by me. i pi i hai- 
 Bi ; he was killed by her. pi nfing me"; reviled 
 by people, pi uin hah ; beaten by you. 
 
 pi 38 A maid-servant ; unmarried 
 
 675 8 female slaves. 
 
 n6"-pi ; a slave girl. pi-nng ; female slaves, 
 pi pok hue ; servants, male and female, i tang 
 Boi boi khut nang ui pi ; she was sold as a slave 
 in early childhood. 
 
 |tl& pi 170 To ascend high places ; ascent 
 |_t 677 7 to a palace or court. 
 i cie" kia" khu pi-ki"; he has gone to Peking 
 to have an audience with the Emperor, cheng 
 huang-ti cp pi-e ; the Emperor is addressed as 
 Your Majesty. 
 
 >bj^ pi 140 To shade; to screen; obscured. 
 Vv\J\ 677 12 cia-pi ; to hide from observa- 
 tion, seng ki pi jit ; raise flags enough to 
 obscure the sun. lang mien ii pi hien kai ciie; 
 it is not easy to overlook the sin of keeping 
 the worthy in obscurity. 
 
 pi 55 Trouble, mischief. 
 
 676 12 cgk huap lip, cek pi se", ai° 
 siet-lip kau bp pi si kang-kho ; whatever way 
 of doing it you may fix upon, that way will 
 have difficulties arising in it ; to arrange mat- 
 ters so that no mischief will come of it is hard, 
 ci kai huap ho cSi, kia" kau cie" kii hwn-h'o bo 
 pl-pe"; this method is excellent, we have follow- 
 ed it ever so long and it still works without a 
 hitch. si i to bii pi ; it is he who is working 
 in an underhand way to produce trouble. lii 
 thoi" i kai pi-pe° si to ti-kp ? Where do yoii 
 think the trouble lies ? jit ku cu pi-so°; after 
 
 awhile mischief arises, ci khf ku kai cheng-pi 
 coi cSi ; there are many difficulties in this 
 business. mih le" li-pi i to pat ; ho is up to 
 all sorts of tricks. cia bp pi b6 pe"; there is 
 no trouble about this. 
 
 162 To flee from, to escape, to 
 13 avoid, to shun, to dodge, to 
 retire, to stand aside, to abscond, to hide away, 
 i si cau khu hu kp pi c^ ; he fled thither to 
 avoid his creditors, pi lang; to avoid trouble, 
 ci kai ji pi-hui ; this letter is one to be avoided 
 (as if it were one used in the Emperor's name), 
 pi tSng ciu khin ; shirk the hard work and 
 take the easy. i m pi hiam-gi ; he does not 
 avoid the appearance of evil, pi kiie cek tng ; 
 escaped once. pi su ; to avoid hot weather, 
 (as by going into the country). siam-pi put- 
 kip ; to shun it is impracticable, to-pi kau ne 
 hng-hng ; fled far away. ngo tieh i cu tieh 
 hue-pi; if you meet him you must withdraw, 
 pi siie hiang ; avoid paying duty on goods, 
 pi bua ; stand aside ; draw back. ai° pi, pi m 
 khu ; wish to shun it but cannot, ci kai jit si 
 pi tieh sim-mih se"-si6".? What hours of this 
 day must be shunned by people born in certain 
 years? 
 
 - pi" - 
 
 pi" 177 A whip ; a lash ; to lash. 
 
 687 9 be-pi"; a horsewhip, i pun 
 i pi"-phah cek peh e ; he received a hundred 
 lashes from him. phue pi"; a leathern whip, 
 sai sang pi"; wield a pair of laludgeons. 
 
 _^^ pi" J62 On the border or side ; the 
 AS^ 686 15 margin. 
 
 lai CO pang lia sin-pi"; come and sit beside me. 
 chang pi" chang, chii pi" chu ; their fields and 
 houses adjoin. cek pi" cph chie" no pi" kng ; 
 the party who builds the partition wall, makes 
 both sides of it smooth. i cp-ni jim ham m 
 
 bua pi" ? Why does he not come when he is 
 called ? to hie" poi" pi"; on the other side, 
 
 kau cie" poi" pi"; has reached this side. hue 
 pi" ngun ; the milled dollar. hut pi" ngun ; 
 dollars having a head on one side, toi pi"; the 
 inner face. gua pi"; the outer face. i chiii 
 pi" se" liap ki ; he has a mole on the side of 
 his mouth. ci kai si i sin-pi" kai nftng ; this 
 is his companion or concubine. 
 
 120 The queue. 
 - ^ . .^ 14 pi" pi"; plait the queue. i 
 
 kai pi" u ciap cang a bp ? Does he wear false 
 hair in his queue ? i cang pi" hiuh i ; he 
 
 struck her with his queue. cang i kai pi"; 
 
 clutched his queue. cgk nSng tui pi", cek 
 
 nang pe" kha ; one dragged him by the queue 
 
 Pi" 
 
 689 
 
428 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 and the other by las feet. pi" no ki pi"-kfa"; 
 braid two little queues, pi" ju c&i ; his queue 
 in unkempt, khwn pi"; wind tlie queue around 
 the bead. pi" ta cO cang-kia"-16 ; coil up the 
 queue in a knot at the back of the head. siu 
 pi"; comb the queue. lltu pi"; let the hair 
 
 grow out to form a queue. i thl tio pi" 
 
 khu CO hde-sie"; he shaved off his queue and 
 became a priest, pi" biie soh ; the silk braided 
 into the queue. 
 
 pi" 68 Flat ; thin. 
 
 687 5 c6k k6 cieh pf"-pf"; a thin 
 slab of stone. i kui mlu se" Ifti p6h-pi"; her 
 face is very thin. teh kau no pi".pi"; pressed 
 down very flat. i" rli cia" i", pf" m cia* pf; it 
 is all out of shape, i kai chai.p6 t&h kku pi"- 
 pi"; his dried turnips are trampled down flat 
 
 pi° 149 To transform ; to change ; 
 
 689 16 a mutation from one state 
 of being to another or to the original condition, 
 pi" rain ; to change countenance. i oi pi" c6 
 n&ng ; it is metamorphosed into a human being, 
 i Si koi pi" a bSi ? Is it apt to change ? cong- 
 kii boi pi"; never changes. pi" co kui ; turns 
 into a demon. i b6 tau bo tab, cu pi" min 
 
 pi" Bui ; he changes countenance when there is 
 not the least occasion for it. i hwn Ho pi" 
 
 bue chwn ; its transformation is not yet com- 
 plete, jira s6i b6i pi" sek; will endure washing 
 without changing its color. cu-nle-kia" cAp- 
 poih pi"; a young girl goes through many 
 transformations, i ci Sn pi" kkn h<5 c5i ; he is 
 lately much changed for the better. u khi 
 
 Rua-hu 5i pi" c6 h6°; there is a species of shark 
 that changes into a tiger. 
 
 pi° 120 To braid ; to plait ; braid. 
 
 689 14 pi" CO c6k tio eph ; plait it 
 and make a rope of it. pi" pi"; braid the 
 
 queue. phah pi"; make braids. hue pi"; 
 
 flowered braid, kim pi"; gold braid, pi" ai" 
 pi" kin a pi" khua" ? Do you wish to have the 
 braid plaited tightly or loosely ? 
 
 pi° 149 To dispute ; to argue ; to 
 
 688 14 wrangle for a notion. 
 p6i"-pi°; to argue the point ; to force a construc- 
 tion ; to dispute a proposition. i m kheng su- 
 h6k, cong-ku td p6i"-pi"; he is unwilling to 
 submit, and is forever arguing the point, mih 
 ho ue i to p6i"-pi" ii lai; he will take the 
 contrary side in whatever one advocates. 
 
 — pia" — 
 
 f^ pia" 12 A soldier; troops; a force; 
 >^^ 698 6 an army ; military ; warlike, 
 pia" teng ; soldiers, pia" ciang ; army leaders. 
 
 khf pia"; raise troops. thio pia"; to station 
 
 troops. ceng pia"; disciplined troops. h6k 
 pia"; troops in ambush. tSi pia"; the main 
 
 body of the army, be-pia"; cavalry, po-pia"; 
 infantry, cion pia"; the engaged forces, kia 
 pia"; a force sent to succor, tiara pia"; to call 
 the roll ; mustering. chau-llen pia"-be ; to 
 
 exercise or drill troops ; a disciplined force. 
 
 ^I^ pia" 86 Ice ; icy ; crystallized. 
 aJV 698 1 pia" sng ; ice and frost, pia" 
 sng ctii ; ice-water. ciii kit sfiiig pia"; water 
 freezes and forms ice. pia" ie" khu; the ice 
 has melted. pia"-thng; rock candy. pS-h6 
 pia"; crystallized peppermint ossenco. 
 
 pfa" 184 Cake; biscuit; dumplings. 
 
 699 6 pi'a" kua"; dry biscuits, 
 g^eh pfa"; cakes made at the full of the eighth 
 moon and used in worshipping it. so-pia"; 
 
 crisp cakes. p{a° phue, pit" a"; the pastry 
 
 and the filling of a dumpling. gu-ni-pia ; 
 
 cheese, sie pia"; to bake cakes. pQe pia"; to 
 bako cakes in a pan over the Are. 
 
 I+I pia" 1 The third of the ten stems. 
 
 r^ 699 4 pia" teng sok hiie; the third 
 and fourth of the ten stems belong to fire. c5 
 jtm hiang pia"; facing due south. 
 
 #?i 
 
 pia" 9 To reduce to uniformity ; to 
 '00 8 expose ; to endanger ; to pour 
 together. 
 
 pia" nila" c6 ; act without regard to his life, i 
 pia" cJli ; he is very reckless. nS lia" pia" co 
 cek lia"; put what is in the two bowls into one. 
 n6 sa° khi ua°-kla" pia" co cek khi ; reduce 
 two or three cases at law to a single case, 
 mai" pia' sua-ia ; do not spill it in turning it 
 out. pia" c6 cek e ; turn them all into one lot. 
 si pan, pia" co cek pan ; put the four bundles 
 into one. sie pia"; join in one. pia" thoi" ti- 
 tiang me"; see who will be quickest. 
 
 pia" 1 thun-pia"; to swallow up ; to 
 700 7 devour. toa hie" thun-pia" 
 sie hie", toa kok thun-pia" sie kok ; large towns 
 swallow up small ones, and great nations 
 swallow up lesser ones. ji ke sie thun-pia"; 
 
 the two devour each other. 
 
 vil^ pia" 162 To repeat what one has 
 :)l}ii 779 "5" heard, 
 ua pia" lu thia"; I will narrate it to you as I 
 heard it. ji mp chia, ue md pia"; letters should 
 not be rubbed out and written in again on the 
 same paper, and words should not be repeated 
 from hearsay. i cd-ni ta", lu pia" ua thia"; 
 
DICTIONABT OF THE SWATOVT DIALECT. 
 
 429 
 
 repeat liis words to me as nearly as you can. 
 c6k ki. c6k ku pin" nieng-peli ; state it plainly 
 word for word, ce pia" cu bosa^sia"; in i-elat- 
 ing it be told less tban tbree teutbs of tbe story. 
 
 — pi ah — 
 
 J3$ P''"*^^ ?? ^ partition wall ; the wall of 
 ^— |-^ G91 13 abouse;'a screen ; a defense 
 or obstruction ; a dividing cliff or water-shed, 
 pang to piah kha pi"; set it down close to tbe 
 wall. tab piah teng j a wall lamp. ceng ko 
 cie-piah ; make a wall that will be a screen, 
 si-chu cuang tieb, to si tang-cble" tbib-piah ; 
 jio opening for exit in any direction. kia kiie 
 piah ; steeper tban a wall, peh to kp cieb-piah 
 teng; has climbed up on tbe stone wall, si piah 
 sio jien ; reduced to four bare walls ; very poor 
 indeed, sie keb piah ; living on opposite sides 
 of tbe same wall ; only a wall between. keb 
 piah pho ; adjoining shops. keb piah chie"; a 
 dividing wall. keb cek teng piah tia°-tia"; 
 
 separated only by a wall. 
 
 piah 96 A princely gem, an ancient 
 H» 691 13 jade badge of office, made 
 with a I'ound hole in it, and held in. the hands 
 at court; to decline. 
 
 iigwn piah kui tie ; the original gem will be 
 returned ; the debt will be repaid. ngwn 
 
 mueh piah sia ; return the gift as a present to 
 tbe donor, piah bue kbu hai" i ; send it back 
 to him. siu tob-teng, fl.ng-cek, u tien piah sia; 
 return with thanks to tbe donor all the valua- 
 bles except the table-lamp and red candles. 
 
 — piak — 
 
 "t A piak 64 To throb ; to beat. 
 ^M 711 5 kia" kau i sim-kua''-tban 
 piak-piak-toa"; so frightened that bis heart 
 throbbed violently, lia mong thoi" lu kai sim- 
 kua"-tbau oi piak-piak-pbah a boi ; I will lay 
 my band on your heart and see whetber it 
 beats violently. khut ngio kia" kau sim-kua" 
 piak-ce-cie" piak-ce-lob ; was so startled by 
 the cat that my heart nearly jumped out of 
 my mouth. 
 
 3^ piak 55 To manipulate ; to work at. 
 Zri ^69 4 tang i ka-ki kbu. piak ; wait 
 till be himself goes and sets it to rights, lia 
 kio lu piak cu ho ; I will set it up for yon. 
 Ua pa-piak ii pua" me" ku, bwn-lio pa-piak bue 
 ho ; I worked at it half the night and have 
 not yet got it in order. 
 
 — piang — 
 piang 64 To cuff, to slap. 
 679 4 piang i kai kih-kau;:slappod 
 lier on tbe cheek. 
 
 ffi 
 
 Wc 
 
 piang 64 To slap ; to pound ; to rap. 
 711 6 kill kau piang chng piang 
 i"; so angry that he pounded the tables and 
 cbairs. hia cling piang kau lib ; pounded tho 
 table till it split. kua" tbia" tieb, kai pSu li- 
 li piang, i6 liam nang phah i ; wben tbe mag- 
 istrate beard it be kept rapping with his mace, 
 and calling some one to beat her. 
 
 — pie — 
 
 A banner ; a flag or streamer 
 used as a marking-flag ; a 
 
 T^jOf pie 75 
 1^ 681 11 
 
 ticket or card, 
 chah ki pie; insert a flag as a mark, i id khia 
 toa pie ; he is carrying tbe chief flag. ceng 
 sang pie a bue ? Have banners been presented 
 yet ? kin-ni si lia kai cio kbia cong-cbun- 
 
 pie ; this year it was my quail that was tho 
 champion. kira phah pie ka-i su ; forbid the 
 sale of lottery tickets, peh-kap pie; Cantonese 
 lottery tickets. ]u-.s6ng pie ; Manilla lottery 
 tickets, toh pie ; get the highest prize, chie" 
 pie ; snatch tlie prize ; emulate, chi'a" nang lai 
 pie bue; ask people to form a loan-association, 
 ci kai gueb kai hue khut ti-tiang pie tieb ? 
 Which member of tbe loan association has this 
 mouth bid highest for the sum of the loans ? 
 
 Htefl^ pie 1^ Corpulent ; fat ; stout. 
 /J^fJ 682 15 i ei hfl.e pie cai ; be is now 
 very stout. tSi i6 pie kai si-bau ; is growing 
 fat. peh pbieu pie-n6k ; sliced fat meat, 
 
 cang-pie-la; layers of fat in meat. 
 
 145 sl-pie J a watch. si-pie m 
 
 3 kia"; this watch does not run. 
 si-pie tbdng kbu; tbe watch bas stopped. be- 
 pie ; a hunting watch, kim-khak kai si-pie ; a 
 watch with a gold case. si-pie lien ; watch- 
 
 chain, si-pie cam ; the bands of a watch, si- 
 pie kai ke-sai ; the machinery of a watch. ci 
 kai si-pie kai huap-tio si Ing kbu ; tbe main- 
 spring of thia watch is broken, si-pie thau ; a 
 watch stand, ka si-pie; wind a watch, si-pie 
 kai so-si ; watch-key. 
 
 ^^§ pie 167 A sharp pointed spear; to 
 ^7J^ 683 11 spear. 
 
 nio'-chu pie ; a spear for spearing rats. pie 
 
 nio"-cbu ; to spear rats. kbut i eng hue-be- 
 pie, pie si kbu; was killed by a backward 
 thrust of his spear. 
 
 pfo 145 A statement presented to the 
 682 3 emperor ; exterior ; outer, 
 pie-chin ; relatives of a different surname, pie 
 bia"-ti ; second cousins. Ian pie chin ; a second 
 or third cousin, ko-pie hia"-ti ; father's si.ster'3 
 
430 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 162 
 15 
 along tlie coast, 
 frontier province 
 
 >^ pien 
 3^, 686 
 
 son. i-pfe hia'-ti ; mother's sister's son. i si 
 lia kai i-pi'e cf-raue"; she is my raotlier's sister's 
 daughter, i cha-m-tp ai" cle° pio ; he is about 
 to send up his memorial ; is about to die. 
 
 "XHK pie 145 To mount maps or scrolls; 
 y-^^ 682 8 to line with paper or cloth, 
 chie" pie cua ; the wall is papered. pie jI-Qe ; 
 to mount a scroll. 
 
 'i^M pie 85 To bleach ; to whiten. 
 \7t\ 683 11 pie po; to bleach cotton cloth, 
 pie peh kai p6 ; bleached cloth, pie s6i; wash 
 and bleach, pie kiiu ne p§h-pfih ; bleached to 
 an exceeding whiteness. 
 
 — pien — 
 
 A boundary, edge or border. 
 
 hai-pien ti-hng ; lands lying 
 ci kd si pien se"; this is a 
 i kfti huap-lak b6 pien ; 
 his skill is unbounded. chio-tl»@ng eng i id 
 p6" pien ; the government employs him in rul- 
 ing the frontier. pien-kwn ; custom houses 
 on the coast or frontier, pien ciang ; military 
 oflScers on the frontier. 
 
 ^5 pien 68 Flat, thin. 
 ^fui 687 6 i kAi min se" lAi pien-pfon ; 
 er face is very thin, toa pien, jl-pien; sweet 
 nelon seeds, of large or of small size. koi"- 
 haa au ki pien-ta"; carried a flat carrying pole 
 ^ver his shoulder. 
 
 i^^ pien 149 To transform ; to change ; a 
 C^<^ 689 16 mutation ; a turn in affairs, 
 khiiii-kia" pien cek le"; undergoes a metamor- 
 phosis every little while. boi pion-ek ; un- 
 changeable. n4ng sim pien ; people's minds 
 change. hu kai ti-hng pien-tong ; the place 
 has altered. kfa°-jit cie'-se' ta°, miia"-khi-ca 
 cu pien kue ; he says so to-day, but to-morrow 
 morning he will have changed his purpose, 
 pien lion ; to change countenance. i co su 
 mia^-ke khwn-pien ; his course of action is 
 easily changed by expediency or constraint, 
 pien-hue bo khiong ; change is endless. hQam 
 t;u tieh-6i pien-thong; in all things there must 
 be accommodation to circumstances. 
 
 tt^ pien 55 Military officers of a low 
 yV^ 689 T grade. 
 
 bun-wn, bii-pien; low civil and military officers, 
 ci cek ia" kai pien pia° to si i kwn; the soldiers 
 and officers of low grade in this encampment 
 are all under his control. 
 
 pien 
 688 
 a proposition. 
 
 160 
 14" 
 
 To wrangle for a notion ; to 
 argue opinions ; to dispute 
 
 plen-pph ; to contradict; take the opposite side 
 of the question. kiang pien ; to force a con- 
 struction. p6i"-pleu ; to debate. 
 
 pien 160 To discriminate between 
 688 9 things or qualities, 
 hun-plen si hui ; distinguish between the true 
 and the false. pien raSng-peh ; discriminate 
 clearly, pleu-piet; note the difference between. 
 
 pien 9 To put at ease ; to accord 
 688 7 with ; convenient, expedient, 
 opportune, advantageous, handy ; readily ; 
 accustomed to, ready at; then, so, forthwith, 
 just as, thus, that is. 
 
 sfti-plen ; when convenient ; as you please ; 
 suit yourself; when you like. sQn pien ; avail 
 one's self of a good chance, kia" huang-picn ; 
 do what circumstances render easy. hui 
 
 plen-ngi kta" hu; allow him to act as may be 
 expedient under the circumstances. cia ue i 
 m pien ta"; it is not advisable for him to speak 
 thus. put plon cie"-8e" co ; it is inexpedient 
 to do so. of k&i pien si ; this is just so. seng 
 nftng kai pien; take advantage of a good 
 opportunity offered by some one. kia" sio pien ; 
 to urinate. tfti sio pien 16ng-c6ng m thong; 
 there is no action either of the bowels or the 
 bladder. cf kai huap-cak plen-tang c&i ; this 
 plan is very convenient. ai" tii" cii pien tk"; 
 mki* iii chu ui p{ ; if yon are going to tell it 
 then tell it, and not hesitate on account of this 
 or that. chia' i chCng pien i lai ; ask her to 
 come in her every-day clothes. 
 
 — piet — 
 
 piet 18 To separate; to divide; to 
 
 684 5 part; to distinguish; different, 
 hun-plet ; to discriminate between. hun-piet 
 si hui ; distinguish between the true and the 
 false. clam piet su-si; separated for a little 
 time. plen-piet meng-peh ; di.scriminate 
 clearly. keh-piet kii li'o ; long separated. i 
 i°-keng piet nlap, co pat ku; he has already left 
 that occupation and is doing other business, 
 kau hu ko piet u thi" tl ; when there one leads 
 a very different sort of life. 6e"-chSng kak 
 piet ; their dispositions are unlike, lam nng & 
 piet ; the sexes are separated by proprieties. 
 U hie" piet ce°; leave one's native village. si- 
 piet ; take leave of. l5i tang hi'en u piet cheng; 
 there are manifestly other circumstances which 
 he has not told. 
 
 — pih — 
 
 pih 195 A turtle. 
 
 685 12 pih kah ; turtle shell. ciii 
 pih ; a flat water-flask. bak pih ci; the seeds 
 of a sort of squash, used medicinally. 
 
 M 
 
DICTIONARY OP THB SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 431 
 
 — pin — 
 
 pin 38 A regal concubine of the first 
 
 697 14 rank. 
 Luang-ti si cek ho, cek hui, no pin ; the em- 
 peror has one empress, one concubine, and two 
 maids of honor who wait in the royal presence. 
 
 pin-16 The areca or betel nut. 
 695 ciah pin-lo ; chew betel. 
 Lvvt i lai klila pin-lo pue hui ; require him to 
 bring a present of betel-nut, in acknowledge- 
 ment of an offense. 
 
 pin-tng To make sport of ; to tease ; 
 JXl^ 180 to play practical jokes upon, 
 pin-tng kau i khan ; plagued him till he cried. 
 
 pin 154 A visitor ; a stranger. 
 
 695 7 pin-kheh ; a visitor. sai- 
 pin ; a domestic tutor. pin cii tui co ; guest 
 and host sat opposite each other. pin hwn c6 
 cu, cu hwn CO pin; guest took the place of 
 host, and host of guest, in-pin-kwn; reception 
 rooms in a yamun. 
 
 pin 85 
 695 14 
 along the coast. 
 
 A beach ; to border on. 
 
 hai pin kai ti-hng; land lying 
 
 ciii pin ; the water side. 
 
 pfn 118 To make known one's case 
 - ▼ - ^^^ 8 to a superior ; to announce ; 
 to petition, to ask of, (employed in courtesy to 
 friends and by servants to their master); a 
 petition ; a statement or report, 
 pin-hok cle"- si ; reply to a superior officer, 
 pin-cai kua°-hu ; make known to the magis- 
 trate, pin kua" cai ; inform the authorites. 
 chi'a' nang lai cp pfn-thiap ; invite some one to 
 draw up a petition, or statement, piu i khiam 
 ci", ill hau° hai"; complain against him that he 
 owes money and will not pay it. hu pin toi 
 kai tie co-ni ta"? What is said in tlie state- 
 ment laid before the officials ? ci'a tieh eng 
 tia", a eng pin ? Should an indictment or an 
 accusation be made use of in this case ? jip 
 pin eng sim-mili loi-sio a min ? In entering a 
 complaint, is it necessary to pay any fee ? lia 
 61 cxe sit piu; I went according to the facts, in 
 making my complaint, soi" i°-keng piu meng 
 kiie ; it has been clearly stated beforehand, 
 kua" ka-ki lai, da i°-keng min pin kiie ; the 
 magistrate himself came, and I have already 
 stated the case to him in person. pin si ; 
 announce one's departure, pin tau ; announce 
 an arrival. pin kau jim ; send information 
 of his arrival at his post. piu ki"; announce 
 a visit. 
 
 tablet. 
 
 pin 23 A board with an inscription. 
 
 687 9 pai-pin ; piu-hiah ; a votive 
 
 seng pin ; hang up a votive tablet. 
 
 pin 80 A kind ; series ; rank. 
 
 697 6 pin-mS.u"; the expression; the 
 countenance. b6 pin; no character; abandoned, 
 kek pin ; the higiiest grade. cS cia" it pin, 
 
 kau cuang kau pin ; from the very highest 
 rank to the very lowest. 
 
 ^1p<| pm 118 A fine toothed comb ; to 
 JfcEi 675 10 comb. 
 
 boi hu siu pin ; buy a set of combs. cia sak- 
 pin khah hi ; the teeth of this fine-toothed 
 comb are too far apart. 
 
 ■>^^ pin 60 Everywhere; the whole; to 
 l4ro 689 9 go around ; to make a circuit, 
 pin sin sng-thia"; my whole body aches, thak 
 cek pin cu cai ; when you have read it all 
 through you will know. pin cliii to c§k le"; 
 
 throughout the house it is the same, pin tl iig- 
 kim ; the whole land is full of gold. pin thi" 
 ciig kai hun ; the whole heavens are overcast. 
 Ill liam cek pin ua thia"; you recite it once for 
 me to hear, pin-si-chii khu che-mfig; inquired 
 for it in all the surrounding houses. 
 
 pin 
 696 
 
 78 To carry out to burial. 
 
 14 chut pin; to carry to the 
 grave. sang pin; to accompany to burial, 
 
 pin-cng to tl-ko r* "Where is he buried ? 
 
 pin 190 The hair on the temples. 
 
 696 14 pin-pi"; the temples. no 
 
 poi" pin-pi° piak-piak-kie ; my temples throb, 
 pin-pi" liiah kau kng-kng ; the side tresses are 
 combed very smooth. 
 
 ?]3S pin 112 The crashing roar of a fall- 
 H I 660 5 ing rock, 
 pin-pong-kie ; make a racket ; a reverberating 
 thundering noise, pin-pin pong-pong kie, kio 
 sua" pang, ti bam hie°-se"; makes a crashing 
 roar, like that of an avalanche. hia cieh to 
 
 sua" teng pin-pong-kie li-li khah loh lai ; the 
 stone came rolling down the mountain with a 
 ci-ashing roar. 
 
 piu 133 To reach to ; up to ; to, at. 
 
 60 6 loh khu bit pin ti-ko ? How- 
 far do you sink in when you step upon it ? 
 ci-ko li bit pin sai-td-cai, hu-ko li bit pin Sm- 
 kia"; here one sinks up to his middle, and 
 there he sinks up to his neck, pin ti-kp hiah ? 
 At what point did you leave off ? pin ci-k^ 
 cu wn ; it ends at this point. cho pin cun- 
 
432 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 am k5; fill it up to tlie nock. clieng loh cia' 
 pin kiia-thau-u, khali 1(5; on putting it on it 
 reaches only to the knees, it iu too sliort. 
 
 "p^ pin 43 Frotn or nt tliifi point, 
 ^^ 999 "9 ai" pin tl-ko klu'? At what 
 point shall I begin ? pin kui"-jit klii sttf^ ; 
 
 begin to reckon from to-day. pin e kui gueh 
 of; majfe next month the close of the period, 
 pin tin-tang ko c6ih loh khu ; sever it from 
 the middle. 
 
 pin 9 Ready j convenient ; handy. 
 
 688 7 pin a hue ? Are you ready ? 
 ne pi,n-pin ; just at hand ; all ready. iTi-pIn ; 
 inconvenient, unhandy ; unattainable, pin b(ii 
 pin boi; buy or sell ready made. siu-sip pin- 
 pin, t5 tang i ; all ready and waiting for him. 
 cdu-khi Ifli piig pin, chki plu ; when ho gets up 
 breakfast ia all ready. 
 
 — pio — 
 
 p/o 145 . To make known j an external 
 
 082 8 manifestation. 
 Be" tit cek pi'o n&ng chni j altogether Iw looks 
 the clover man. chia" ci song pio; ask that 
 
 the imperial will be made known. pio ni§ng. 
 peh chut lai ; set it plainly forth. pio chut i 
 kai ch6ng-cak ; make known the circumstances, 
 pi'o cie'';ta memorial. liak-lhik pi'o ua kai sim 
 ce ; will to some extent disclose my real feelings. 
 
 fl^^ pfo ^ A prostitute. 
 7*'^^ 682 8 pio-kia"; a public woman, a 
 term used in reviling people, nang mai" chap 
 hu khi au pio-kia"; let us not associate with 
 those wenches. 
 
 _ pio-ci Handsome ; beautiful. 
 y^f\ ^J> 59 nang ie" se" lai to pio-pio 
 ci-ci ;. they are very handsome people there. 
 
 — pit — 
 A pencil or small brush ; a 
 pen ; to write ;. drawing ; pen- 
 
 pit 118 
 
 693 (J, 
 manship. 
 
 khieh ki pit ; take a pen. pit chue ; pen- 
 
 handle, pit tang ; a cylinder to hold pens, 
 
 pit nek; pit mo"; the bi'ush. pit bue; the point, 
 pit thap ; the case. khia pit ; to hold a pen. 
 pit-kia", toa-pit; a small or a large pen. in-pit; 
 a lead pencil. thih pit bo i ; my word is as 
 good aa my bond ; you may rely on my so 
 doing. loh pit ; begin to write. loh pit ju 
 l^ng kauh cui ; ho writes like a dragon swirling 
 water; he writes with an easy firm hand, tui 
 thoi" i kai pit ciah si me ; see if it is his hand- 
 writing, thoi" si i kai chin chia tek pit me ; 
 
 see whether it was written by his own hand, 
 si i chin pit sia kai ; he wrote it himself, pit- 
 (ieh nge c&i ; the strokes are very bold and 
 firm. pit cu ; fees to a writer. si pat nang 
 thJ^i pit kai ; it is written by an amanuensis. 
 i k&i pit-bak hd ; he is a good writer. pit ke ; 
 a pen i-ack. ngiin-cu pit; a pen for writing ia 
 red ink. phiia pit ; to begin to learu to write. 
 
 pit 184 Enough ; satisfied ; full. 
 
 664 5 1 ciah kau to pit-pit ; he has 
 eaten all he wants. ci kdi to tie" kau pit; 
 
 this wallet is stuffed full. ciah kau kai kui 
 pit-pit^ has eaten its crop full, jip nji", jlp 
 kau pit- pit ; stuff in cotton, till it is as full as 
 it will hold. 
 
 +^ pit 82 Chapped. 
 •7P 960 6 kha pit, chia pit; chapped 
 feet and hands. min tfeh chiang e6i, cia" b5i 
 pit J you must bathe your face in tepid water 
 then it will not chap. 
 
 . ^ pit 61 A strong affirmative ; certainlyi 
 >wi' 692 1 must ; determined on. 
 pit-pit ill si ; it is certainly not so. h6 pit 
 
 cie'-se" ? What necessity is there for that? 
 pit-sn ki'Sng; cannot do without it. pit-jien; 
 surely, pit^tla"; decidedly, cia rTi-h(5 pit ; do 
 not be too certain about this, put pit jd chu ; 
 it is not sure that it is thus. bOe pit ; perhaps 
 not. SI pit ; undoubtedly, lia th6i" i pit l&i; 
 I think he is sure to come. pit si i iTi to; he 
 is doubtless away from home. i pit-pit ia; 
 
 he is determined that he will not. 
 
 pit 102' To finish ; to bring to an 
 692 6 end ; all ; entirely, 
 kong 8U pit a bue? Is the public business 
 finished ? su li hue pit ; the job is not yet 
 
 done. Oe ta° pit cu khu; having finished 
 
 what I had to say 1 went. plt-keng si co-ni ? 
 After all, what is it ? 
 
 pit 157 To warn persons off the road 
 692 11 and thus make way for the 
 
 sovereign ; an imperial journey. 
 
 cu-ptt ; a stoppage in an imperial progress. 
 
 mong huang-ti tug-si ceng cu-pit to hu-ko,; 
 
 a certain emperor once stopped there wheij 
 
 journeying. 
 
 pit-po A bat. 
 687 pit-po hi"; having ears like 
 a bat's. pit-p6 sai ho co ieh ; the excrement 
 of bats is used as a medicine. ue ngo kai 
 
 pit-po ; paint the five bats (a common stylo 
 of ornamentation). pit-po cit-cit-kie ; bats 
 squeak. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 433 
 
 pit 57 To aid, as a statesman. 
 693 9 cp-liQ, iu-pit; the left and the 
 right liand aids, titles of two ministers of state. 
 
 M 
 
 — piu 
 
 pill 41 To squirt; to gush out. 
 
 749 7 ciii che''-piu chut lai ; the 
 ■water squirted out. lih loh khu, hi'a hueh li- 
 li piu ; when cut open the blood gushed forth 
 in a stream. ce puah phua hi'a cap cu piu 
 
 chut lai ; when it fell and burst the juice 
 squirted out. hue li-kwn piu chut lai ; the 
 
 flames burst forth incessantly. "in to hu k&i 
 khang piu chut lai ; the smoke pours forth 
 from that orifice. piu kuu ne hng-hng khu ; 
 spurted to a great distance. 
 
 fc^^ piu 59 A small beast striped like a 
 /JL^ 703 8 tiger ; a tiger cat ; ornate, 
 him ho" pa piu ; savage beasts, cek piu kun- 
 be ; a company of horse and foot. 
 
 — piuh — 
 
 *S& piuh 140 To bud ; to germinate. 
 ^^4 579 8 chun ce kau i cu piuh g^ ; 
 when spring comes it will put forth sprouts, 
 ^\^ ^9. piuh ki siin, ci kp piuh ki sun ; sends 
 forth a shoot here and there, tan piuh khak ; 
 the peas liave sprouted, cim kau i piuh khak 
 hwt ge ; soak them till they burst their shells, 
 and send forth sprouts. 
 
 ]J|| Piali 18 To prod ; to stab. 
 /T4 .1035 6 piuh u jieh chim loh khu ; 
 thrust it in ever so far. i kai cam piuh 16h 
 khu hia hueh che°-svvn chut lai; he thrust in 
 his lancet and the blood gushed out. i k^i to 
 khut i piuh phua; his bowels were pierced by it 
 
 P"g 
 156 
 
 — png — 
 
 75 The maple. 
 
 9 png chiu ; maple trees. 
 
 Lists of successful candi- 
 dates at the triennial ex- 
 
 Png 75 
 
 657 9 
 aminations. 
 
 & cai png chut a hue ; do not know whether 
 the lists are placarded yet or not. chut png 
 a,u keh jit cu ai" hok ; after the lists have been 
 placarded, and one day has elapsed, there is a 
 re-examination. png tah to ti k6 ? Where 
 
 are the lists put up ? 
 
 ■-** png 75 Native ; one's own ; appro- 
 'nj^ 655 1 priate to; proper; capital; 
 principal ; a classifier of books and documents ; 
 used by officials before their titles for I, my. 
 
 pngkok; own country. png s^"j native 
 
 province. png tho png ti ; one's native place, 
 png ci"; one's own funds, or capital, cie" png; 
 petition tho throne. png i"; I, the imperial 
 commissioner, i kai seng-H cp sih png; he lost 
 money in his business, chi'u png; the visiting 
 card of an official sent to his superior. png 
 
 hun ; one's proper function ; one's duty, png- 
 eng-kai cie"-se°; that is the way that it ought 
 properly to be. thak bo kiii png cu cu ki° cp 
 gjlu ; wanted to be taken for a sage before he 
 had read more than a few books. cf pang cu 
 jieh coi png ? How many volumes in this set ? 
 ci png cu-cheh ; this book. lia png-png ai" 
 
 lai ; I was myself intending to come. i png 
 81 kai au-nang ; he is essentially a rascal. 
 
 png 184 Cooked rice. 
 
 127 4 ciah png; take a meal. b6 
 chai, png tieh ciah pa ce; as there are no 
 vegetables, you must eat the more of the rice, 
 i cek jit ciah sa" ing png; he eats rice three 
 times a day. ci'a ieh tieh na png c6i° ciah, 
 
 mai" na png an ; this medicine must be taken 
 before, not after, the meal. p6h-bi-png ciah 
 kui", clip-bi-png ciah m loh ; when accustomed 
 to white rice one cannot swallow brown rice, 
 png si ; a rice-spoon. pflg ua°; a rice-bowl, 
 
 png puah ; a rice pot. cu png ; cook rice. pu 
 png ; boil rice, ho png ; dip the rice from the 
 boiling water. tun png ; cook rice in a vessel 
 surrounded by boiling water, png te lio kui i 
 khu thak ta ; pour the water off the rice, and 
 leave it to drain dry drop by drop. 
 
 M 
 
 — po — 
 po 32 An open level space. 
 712 7 c^k kp pe" po khuah-khuah ; 
 a spacious level arena. toa po kui" li cf kp 
 
 jieh hug ? How far is your district city from 
 here ? chau po ; a meadow ; a grassy plain, 
 sua" po ; a plain at the base of a mountain, 
 po-ki po-kak teng nang ia cng ii phun ; on 
 the edges and corners of the plain graves have 
 also been made. 
 
 tB po 82 a port; a landing where trade 
 •''^^p" 713 8 is carried on ; a mart ; an un- 
 walled sea-side town. 
 
 iam po; a salt depot. sua"-thau-po ; the port 
 of Swatow. kue po ; trade along at the ports, 
 hue po ; call a meeting of the merchants of the 
 port. po c^ng m hau"; the traders are all 
 
 against it. po chi ; the market, toa po-thau ; 
 a great mart (like Shanghai). si'e po than ; 
 
 a small marine landing place, sin siet k^i po; 
 a newly opened port. 
 
434 
 
 DICTIONARY OP THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 ;»4-^ po 87 Carriers; porters; coolies. 
 Jyv 142 1 png hii ai loh cun eng jieh 
 coi po ? How many burden-bearers does this 
 magistrate employ when he goes on board the 
 boat ? ci kai kie-pho fl jieh coi kle-po ? How 
 many chair-bearers are there at this chair- 
 stand ? i ham kle-po-thftu l^i mng ; he told 
 the chief chair-bearer to come and inquire, 
 cui hue po; a hewer of wood and drawer of 
 water. kwn ta°-po k&i ii&ng kie-cd ki-po- 
 
 thau ; the head of a gang of porters is called 
 the head porter, llah n5 peh mia° po, hwn- 
 lio m kku ta"; pressed two hundred coolies into 
 service, and still there were not enough to 
 carry the luggage. 
 
 ^^ p6 69 An axe ; a cleaver ; a hatchet. 
 yf^ 147 4 p6-thuu ; an axe. tOapo; a 
 cleaver. phiia chu po ; a hatchet. pd-th&u 
 cbfik-kia"; carpenters* tools. kim kue wt po ; 
 insignia of oflice borne beside a mandarin in 
 processions, ai" chut mng, khiam cu p6 ; lack 
 the funds necessary for travel. 
 
 p6 145 To repair; to mend ; to close 
 712 7 up, as a breach ; to patch; to 
 supply ; to substitute ; to make up ; to aid ; to 
 assist ; to recruit ; to strengthen ; the insignia 
 of rank sewed on the robe ; a supplement or 
 addendum. 
 
 po 6i ; to mend shoes. po kfti sa"; patch a 
 
 garment, po chu-teng; repair a roof. p6 pua° 
 p6 ua"; to mend broken crockery. p6 l5u; stop 
 a leak. p6 hueh ; to improve the quality of 
 the blood, ciah po ieh; take tonics, ci Ie° ieh 
 6i po khi p6 hueh ; this medicine strengthens 
 the system. p6 thiap; to make up a loss to 
 one, as for a breakage, or for extra work, p6 
 thiap i jieh coi ci"? How much did you give 
 him in compensation ? p6 ke c6 ; make up the 
 loss a little more fully, cfa tieh sia li'o c\a° \ki 
 po, m ho soi" p6 &u sia ; the tonics must follow 
 the depleting medicines, it is not well to first 
 give restoratives and then give purgatives, 
 po ngun-cui ; make up for the excess in the 
 weight of the coins. p6 phSng-thau ; make up 
 for light weight, cheng maug-phau po-kiia ; 
 wore a long robe with a dragon embroidered 
 on it, and a short tunic having the insignia 
 of rank embroidered on oblong patches set in 
 the back and the front. pue po ; supply 
 
 a new one in place of what was damaged 
 or destroyed. kiie sa° jit au da." lai po 
 
 cok ; make up for absence on the day for the 
 worship of a god, by coming with offerings 
 three days later. p6 m kiie ; unable to make 
 up the loss. p6 loh khu kah-kah ; the patch 
 is just large enough to cover the hole, ciang 
 
 kong po cue ; make merit offset demerit, ciah 
 ce, p6 cek ak ; fast, to atone for accumulated 
 sins. cang i kai u u lai po i kai put cok ; 
 
 take his surplus to make up for his deficiencies; 
 let works of supererogation offset sins of 
 omission. jira po-thi", p6-thi° m bua ; try in 
 vain to patch up the matter. siu-po li6-sua"} 
 repair an umbrella, pd tio kai ji ; cover a let- 
 ter with a paper patch and rewrite it. ci kta" 
 mAeh-ciah bo p6-iah ; this food has no nourish- 
 ment in it. i si haa po kua"; he waits to take 
 the place of the departing official. hau p6 
 
 n&ng wn ; an officer waiting to take his post. 
 ng6 khueh ciet p<5 ; at once fill a vacancy in 
 office. p6-slu m6ng-ko k&i ti-hu ; take the 
 
 place of the prefect in a certain department. 
 p<S khueh ; fill a vacancy. tio jip khu po co 
 l&i kua"; summoned to fill an office in Peking. 
 bQn kua" c6.ni b<$ p6 bii khueh ? How can a 
 civil officer supply a vacancy in a military 
 office P p6 kan kng-se' kng-se"; mended so 
 skillfully that one cannot see the patch. p6 
 thla"; make amends to him for pain inflicted. 
 i ang 5i li p6 b6 bdi, i bo 5i li p<S ang b5i ; 
 the ability of the husband makes up for the 
 incompetence of the wife, and the ability of 
 the wife for the inefficiency of the husband. 
 
 p<S 130 Dried meats or fruit. 
 
 146 7 hu p6; cured fish. ah p6 ; 
 dried ducks, chai po ; dried turnips, bue pd; 
 dried plums. p6 llo ; dried provisions, ph&k 
 p(S ; cure by drying in the sun. 
 
 po 64 To plant. 
 
 703 12 po ceng 16h th6 ; plant seed in 
 the ground. po ch&ng ; set out the young 
 
 rice-plants in the fields. po ng ; transplant 
 
 young rice. 
 
 jA^ p6 50 Cotton, linen, or hempen fab- 
 '' M 713 2 rics ; calico ; cloth, 
 i td khui po ph6; he keeps a shop where cotton 
 goods are sold. peh p6 ; longcloth. o po ; 
 black cambric. Sng po ; red calico. lam p6 ; 
 chi" p6 ; blue calico. 16 p6 ; lace ; mosquito- 
 netting. ng-mua° p6 ; sackcloth. pp-lo-mua* 
 p6 ; cloth made from the fiber of the pine-ap- 
 ple plant, po phit ; piece goods. che°-thau- 
 p6 ; unbleached cotton, png sek kai po ; cloth 
 having its natural color. pie peh kai p6 ; 
 
 bleached cloth. kang-che° po; brown cloth, 
 sia-bun p6 ; drillings. he po ; cloth for sum- 
 mer wear. tek p6 ; foreign linen. iu p6 ; 
 oiled cloth. in hue kai po ; prints. tiu po ; 
 grasscloth. mo°-lam p6 ; plush. chiahpo; 
 nankeen. ie" p6 ; hvvu po ; hut po ; foreign 
 fabrics, ka-pua po ; coarse thick native cloth, 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 435 
 
 woven in hand-looras. chiu p6 ; ^ handker- 
 chief, ek p6 ; a wash-cloth. min pb ; a towel, 
 bueh p6; a foot- wrap, worn inside the stocking, 
 than p6 ; a turban. ui io p6 ; an apron or loin 
 cloth. tah p6-phang-ke lai ne p6-phang ; set 
 up the tent poles, and spread the tent. p6 
 
 ho-sua"; a cloth umbrella. caa-p6 ; a dishcloth, 
 po-to ; a wallet, a cloth bag. p6 tah-lien ; a 
 
 cloth pouch, like a bag with a slit in its side, 
 ju cliiig p6 ; a duster for furniture. p6 pau ; 
 a cloth bundle. p6 liara ; a cloth screen or 
 
 curtain. cang ngo sek p6 lai phah co be- 
 
 kang-li, chai ngia ; make a lattice work of 
 variegated cloth, for ornamentation. khun-p6; 
 a thick leaved sea-weed, dried and cut into 
 long strips, and used as food, ci'a p6 khah hi ; 
 this cloth is too sleazy. kSu p6, poh p6 ; thick 
 or thin cloth. cho p6, iu° p6 ; coai'se or fine 
 
 fabrics. p6 tieh swn iu"-crik kai ; must select 
 a firm piece of cloth. ni p6 ; to dye cloth, 
 
 tah p6 ; to press cloth. pak p6 ; to whiten 
 
 cloth. ke" p6 ; to weave cloth. b6 cheng si 
 cho kun, p6 sa", sim si phok-sit ; wore a coarse 
 petticoat and cotton tunic, and had a very 
 rustic appearance. p6 be ; an artificial horse. 
 khia p6 be phah p6 sia°; rode an artificial 
 horse to attack an artificial city. 
 
 Liquor not yet strained ; 
 food that is prepared by 
 
 p6 164 
 Ipt 671 f 
 fermentation. 
 hi sah Ho loh ci'u-pfa" cu h(5 put i hwt p6 ; 
 when the rice has been boiled, and the malt 
 put in, then set it away to ferment. hip p6 ; 
 keep the mash in a dark warm place to ferment, 
 kek p6 ; make a ferment. tau-cie° p6 ; fer- 
 
 mented bean catsup. 
 
 Trci/ p6 163 A tribunal; a board; a public 
 fl|-* 714 8 court; an officer in aboard; 
 a class or division in a serial arrangement. 
 lak po ; the Six Boards in the government. 
 li p6 ; Board of Civil Office. ho po ; Board 
 of Revenue, li po ; Board of Rites. pia° po ; 
 Board of War. hia° pQ ; Board of Punish- 
 
 ments, kang po ; Board of Works, cong-tok 
 po-tng ; Governor General. sun-bu po-i"; 
 
 governor of a province, kau po ngi chu ; given 
 over to the Board for judgment, bak po; the 
 vegetable kingdom. 
 
 po 80 To chew; to masticate; to bite. 
 
 997 18 po kau mi''-mi"; masticate it 
 thoroughly. m h(5 po tieh cih ; do not bite 
 
 your tongue, po tieh, khauh-khanh-kie; chew- 
 ing with a craunching noise. min po, ka-nng 
 thun ; you need not chew it, swallow it whole, 
 khah jun, po m loh ; it is tough, and I cannot 
 masticate it. 
 
 \/^^ po 85 A way ; a means ; recourse ; 
 tJ^ 123 6 a remedy, 
 bo po ; it can't be helped, cfa tieh i cia" u p5, 
 pat nang li bo po ; he is the only otie who can 
 set this right, any one else will be of no avail, 
 hi'a, lia cu b6 po lio ; well, there is nothing 
 more that I can do then. \\i sie" ii po a bo ? 
 Do you think that anything can be done about 
 it ? ham i co-ni G po H ; ask hira how it can 
 be set to rights. i u p5 co kau hie° ngia, 
 
 mia"-ke c5i ; he haS a way of making it very 
 pretty, he is very expert at it. 
 
 - Ir^ po 77 A step ; a pace. 
 ^J^ 713 3 si po kia" lai, a si co kie lai ? 
 Did you come on foot, or in a chair ? h^ah 
 toa po ce ; take longer steps. lu kai kha p5 
 khin, i kfii kha p5 tSng ; your footsteps are 
 light, his are heavy. Iti kai kha po m^i" kia" 
 kau hie" tang ; do not step so heavily. kha 
 po tah un ; set your feet firmly. kia° ke lang 
 po cH kau ; a few moi-e steps and we shall be 
 there. cek po cek po khin-khin kia", mai" 
 
 pin-pong-kie; step softly, do not make a noise 
 in walking. mua"-khi, khu i ko hue po ; 
 
 return his visit to-morrow. ci po, iang sia°; 
 stop walking and call out. po pia"; po kun ; 
 infantry ; foot-soldiers. po pia" si 6i po-cien 
 kai ; foot-soldiers fight on foot. cek po cek 
 po ; step by step. khieh ki po-keng lai sia 
 
 po-ci"; take the bow of a foot soldier and shoot 
 the arrow which belongs therein, kia" kau ci 
 po chang ti ; arrived at the designated posi- 
 tion, cek li lo jieh coi po ? How many paces 
 in a mile ? lau u u kai tl po; leave some room 
 for grace, lau tho p6 ; leave room for retreat. 
 ii lau kiii po ; may 1 trouble you to step in (to 
 do something). po-p6 kau-seng ; gradually 
 rose to eminence, i hwn si ai" mo" cin po ; he 
 still hopes for advancement. hai" ci", bo tb6 
 po; pay before you leave the spot, tit cek po 
 cin cek po ; give him an inch and he'll take an 
 ell. i no nang hue pat kah kiie kha po ; the 
 two have not yet learned to step together, 
 kha po kia" kau c6i-c6i ; keep step in walking, 
 ciap po ciap po kia", thoi" fi jieh coi po ; pace 
 it and see how many paces it is. kha p6 ciah; 
 foot-prints. i kai sua-po siia lai lin-tang; he 
 moves about on his feet with great precision, 
 gek po ; your steps. n6i" po ; a lady's 
 
 footsteps. 
 
 — poi° — 
 
 poi" 67 Mottled ; spotted ; streaked. 
 
 650 8 min poi"-poi"; pock-marked, 
 poi" tiam poi" tiam ; spotted. toa tiam poi"; 
 spotted in large spots. poi" tek ; mottleid 
 
436 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 bamboo. poi" liiin ; bi'indled. poi° li'o kai 
 ciah kai ciah ; marked with numerous dis- 
 connected spots. i se" lai o poi" li6 ; lie is 
 
 black, pock-marked, and full-bearded. min 
 teiig u tiam chiah poi"; ho has a brown spot 
 on his face. 
 
 m 
 
 A 
 
 poi" 75 Blocks or type used in print- 
 651 4 ing; a board ; an instrument 
 of flagellation, or a stroke from it. 
 khek in-p6i"; engrave blocks for printing, cia 
 si leng.Qa" hwn khek kai p6i°; this is a block 
 that has been recut. in-pdi"; load type, tftng 
 p6i"; brass typo. k6ih poi" kfti bun-cu ; a 
 
 flying dispatch from court, koih p6i"; boards 
 used as a case for a set of books. i eC kue 
 
 kie cu thiu p6i"; as soon as he had crossed the 
 bridge he tore up its planks. tSng phah, si- 
 cftp p6i°; inflicted forty heavy blows with a 
 ferule. si phah p6i°-kfa", a si phah toa poi" ? 
 Is he to be beaten with the small or the large 
 rod ? 
 
 r^ p6i" 29 To turn ; to reverse. 
 >^)v 126 "2 poi" kue lai p6i" kue khft ; to 
 turn to and fro. cie" p6i" piie Ho, p<5i" kiie 
 
 hk° p6i" cki pue ; when this side has been dried 
 by the fire, turn it over and dry the other side. 
 6i p6i"-rin-tng kliut i ph&k ; turn the shoes 
 bottom upwards and let then dry in the sun. 
 poi" o, p6i" p6h; when you turn the one side up 
 it is black, and when you turn the other sido 
 np it is white. tftng bo li poi" kau ii If ; 
 
 he turns nonsense around till it appears to be 
 sense. mai" tin-to poi"; do not let it roll over 
 backward. c^° hd-hd-si-si p6i" kku 16-16 ; 
 
 the well from its usual good condition turned 
 turbid. poi" i kai mak-kha-phue lai thoi"; 
 
 turn up his eyelid and look. p6i" kau chin 
 
 khiin ; tie his hands behind him. m lip khah 
 m6° p6i" cia" oi kau kp ; do not turn them 
 over too soon, and then they will cohei'e in 
 one piece. 
 
 p6i" 118 A tablet held before the 
 _ ^ 267 4 breast by courtiers at au- 
 diences, down to the Ming dynasty; it was firat 
 designed for taking notes on. 
 chio poi"; a court tablet. 
 
 ^J^^ p6i" 162 A border or side ; a bound- 
 "y^SC' 686 15 ary, an edge, a margin, 
 to cie" p6i" th6i°-ki° hie" poi" kai nang s6i-s6i ; 
 seen from this side people on the other side 
 appear very small. tah kue khoi hie" p6i°; 
 
 take passage to the other side the river. m6" 
 thdi" tang p6i" peh a hue ; look and see whether 
 the eastern horizon is yet light. 
 
 — poih — 
 
 poih 12 Eight. 
 
 647 poili choi" l^ng poih cftp 
 poili ; eight thou.sand and eighty-eight. tOi" 
 poih kai ; the eighth one. ni huaiig ji poih ; 
 he is now sixteen. poih jl kha; flaring legs, 
 poih ji ; the eight characters, denoting the 
 year, month, day and hour of one's birth, from 
 which horoscopes are cast. poih ira ceng ; a 
 musical clock or a music-box. poih pd ; the 
 eight precious things which the eight genii 
 carry in their hands. si poih-kak kai; it is 
 octagonal, poih-kak ; a kind of spice, having 
 eight points around the seed, poih-sien chng; 
 an octagonal table, i si poih pai cu kau ; they 
 are on very friendly terms. 
 
 p6ih 64 To pull out; to extract; to 
 
 647 5 eradicate, 
 cun-thak p6ih m chut; I cannot pull the cork 
 out of the bottle. khua"-khua° poih ; pull it 
 gently. poih kiam; to draw a sword. hftm 
 kan p6ih khf lai ; pull it up roots and all. i 
 c6k ni6" put p6ih ; he would not pull out a 
 hair for it ; would give nothing at all for it. i 
 ai" kh!u lu p6ih i chut lai; he is going to be- 
 seech you to take him out of prison. 
 
 ^ p6ih 167 To pull in extending any- 
 47 10 thing; to extend by pulling, 
 pdih i t&^; stretch it to its full length; 
 lengthen it by pulling. c5 p6ih i 6i tng; it 
 stretches when you pull on it. poih ngjia 
 
 sua"; to draw silver wire. 
 
 — pok — 
 
 1^ pok 25 To divine by looking at, or 
 717 T) rattling coins inside of a 
 tortoise shell ; sortilege. 
 
 pok-khiie ; to divine ; to inquire of the fates, 
 i pok lai Clin cSi ; he rightly divined it. biie 
 pok, soi" cai ; knew it before he forecast. 
 
 pok 86 Flitting, like an ignis fatuus. 
 
 541 13 pok-pok-thio, cu .';i kui-hiie 
 hie°-se"; flitting hither and thither like a will- 
 o-the-wisp. me°-kua t6 cun-thau th6i''-ki° 
 
 sua°-phia" kai kui-hiie pok-pok-thio; in the 
 night, saw from the prow of the boat, the will- 
 o-the-wisps flitting about on the shore. 
 
 p6k 9 A vassal, a retainer, a ser- 
 717 12 vant or menial; one who aids 
 in laborious duties. 
 
 n6"-p6k ; a man servant or slave. ^ pi-p6k ; a 
 female slave. cek cu cgk p6k cp-pu lai ; mas- 
 ter and servant came together. pok hu ; a 
 servant's wife, or a woman-servant. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT, 
 
 4.37 
 
 p6k 85 Movement of water in com- 
 
 1073 11 motion, 
 ciii p6k-p6k-ek ; the -water swashes up and 
 down, ciii pok lai pok khu ; the water swashes 
 to and fro. niai° khut ciii p6k cfek sin ; do not 
 let the water swash over you. 
 
 — pong — 
 ft *|n pong 137 The tossing and rolling of 
 Jiy^ 38 4 a vessel on the water, 
 
 huang hiah, eng hue hiah, hi'a eun 1(5 pong Ho, 
 nang keng kang-kho ; after the wind has ceased 
 and before the waves have gone down, the pitch- 
 ing of the vessel is hardest for people to bear. 
 
 pong 86 To burst ; to split from 
 666 15 dryness; to pop ; to crackle, 
 pong lih ; to burst asunder, mai" khut i pong 
 tieh mak ; do not let it fly in your eyes when it 
 bursts. kha-thang pong kho khu ; the wash- 
 tub has burst its hoop. eng hue-ieh pong 
 cieh ; blast rocks with gunpowder, cieh pong; 
 the rocks burst and fly apart. pong-ce-kie ; 
 the sound of an explosion. p6ng-p6ng-kie ; 
 the sound of successive explosions. pong cp 
 no poi"; burst in two. to hu toi pong chut 
 lai ; burst from the inside. pong kau chap- 
 chap-chiii; burst in pieces, pong-phiia ; burst 
 apart. pong khui ; split open. pong tio ; 
 spoiled by bursting. pong-cih ; snapped off. 
 
 "« pong 140 Luxuriant ; grassy. 
 y Ij 661 3 pong.pong-che"; a luxuriant 
 greenness, kak chu kai ch&ng-hng, thoi" tieh 
 Pong-pong-che"; the cultivated fields every- 
 where appear very green. 
 
 7|^5 pong 112 An imitation of the English 
 li^ 658 10 word pound; to weigh in 
 pounds. 
 
 cek pong tng png-ti chin si cap-ji nfe; a pound, 
 according to native scales, is twelve Chinese 
 ounces, cang pong chin, pong thdi" jieh tSng; 
 take steelyards weighing pounds and see how 
 many pounds it weighs. 
 
 — po — 
 pp 85 A wave, a ripple; moved, ruffled, 
 703 6 wavelike ; glossy ; shining. 
 c^i-PP ; cui-pp-hun ; ripples. cdi-po iap-iap- 
 sih ; the ripples sparkle, pheng-ti khi huang 
 pp ; a plain rolling up in waves ; a calamitous 
 disturbance. cek nang ce m-hp cu pp kip 
 
 ceng nang ; one person's illness disturbs many 
 people. i si khut nang pp-lui tieh ; he was 
 
 compromised by some one. i c6k se° phun-pp 
 l&u-lok ; he is always hurrying here and there, 
 busy with the cares of life. ci'-hue kai po- 
 
 ISng tiara-ce°; the waves are now smooth, pp- 
 16-blt ; the jackfruit. pp-ld-mua"; cloth made 
 from the fiber of the pine-apple leaf. pp-«ek; 
 changeable tints, hut-jien-kang, heng pp, khl 
 ^ng; suddenly the waves rose. 
 
 pp 96 pp-li ; glass, pp-li khi; glass- 
 704 5 ware, pp-li cS.u; a glass shade, 
 for covering artificial flowers. pp-li phien ; 
 
 panes of glass. pp-li chui ; broken glass. ie° 
 pp-li ; foreign glass, kuah pp-li ; to cut glass. 
 
 po 32 A declivity ; a slope ; the side 
 
 76'4 T of a hill, 
 kia" tui ci sua"-pp kp lai khu ; come along over 
 this slope of the hill. ci kai sua" pp ne pe°- 
 p6°; this slope is a gentle one. ci kp si ue 
 
 c6 ti-pp ; this represents the ground in the 
 picture. 
 
 3i 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^M 
 
 po-cie 
 
 490 
 
 To praise extravagantly, 
 to extol unduly, to laud 
 
 too highly. 
 
 cia i si to pp-cie kfii ; he is commending this 
 
 beyond what it deserves. 
 
 J&:4^ pp 187 The gunwale of a vessel. 
 lyjL 197 6 CO to cun-pp-ki"; sat on the 
 gunwale of the boat, i kai cun-pp io kui"; his 
 boat has higher sides. 
 
 pp 40 Precious ; valuable ; worth ; 
 
 663 17 a gem ; a coin ; a term of com- 
 pliment meaning honorable, noble, respected ; 
 to esteem ; to value ; biliary calculi, 
 pp pue; rare, costly, precious; jewels, valuables, 
 treasures, bo ke pp ; a priceless gem, nin td 
 khui mih pp ho ? What is the name of your 
 firm ? sieh kue pd ; keep as a treasure, kau 
 pp; dog bezoar, a medicine, tien-pp; precious. 
 i ip khui pp-tie°; he keeps a gambling hall, 
 where people gamble by guessing on numbers, 
 bp-ei" cin-ki" pp ; the moneyless dream of 
 gems. bun-pang si pp ; writing materi.als, 
 
 the four precious articles of the library. lia 
 pat pp ; I am a judge of rare and costly 
 things. pp cieh ; precious stones. pp sua ; 
 emery powder, ang pp cieh; red stones, having 
 value as gems, or used in jeweh'y. mai° ha° 
 keng nang jTi pat pp ; do not find fault with 
 poor people for not being judges of valuable 
 articles. khu miia" ti kp chim pp ; go every- 
 where searcliing for treasures. thi° cie° u pp, 
 jit gueh che° sin: ti cie° u pp hau cu tong chin; 
 what is most highly prized in the heavens are 
 the sun, the moon, the stars and the gods: 
 what is most valuable among earthly things 
 are filial sons and loyal courtiers. 
 
438 
 
 DlCTIONABt 07 THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 u 
 
 p(5 9 To protect } to guard ; to keep 
 064 7 safe; to be surety for; to warrant; 
 bail ; a guardian ; a protector ; an advocate. 
 p(5 hiie ; insure against fire. p<5 ciii ; insure 
 against accidents at sea. pp cSi ; insure a 
 
 cargo, pd ke; a surety; an insurance company, 
 pd ke kwn ; insurance office. hue-mueh S si 
 sit, pd-ke lieh pue i kau kau-kau; if the goods 
 are lost, the insurance company must indemnify 
 him in full, ci ciah cfin u pd-ke a b6 ? Is this 
 vessel insured ? pd-ni'a; to endorse; to go bail 
 for; to guarantee; to stand as security, lu tieh 
 pp-tong sin-thoi ; you must take care of your 
 health. pd-fang kau sin-thoi khiang-cang ; 
 
 nurse up and make strong in body. mai" co 
 tong-naiig, mhi° co pp; do not act as middleman 
 nor as surety. l&i kla° pd-kah k&i huap, cQ bo 
 naiig ka° p-chftng chak ; by going according to 
 the system of dividing the town up into tithings 
 with a head man to each tithing, none will 
 dare harbour thieves, i td tng tl-pd; he is the 
 head man of the district, pd chun i ktli s6"- 
 mia"; preserve his life, pd-ku; electioneer for. 
 pd-hu ; to protect, aid or defend. la si bd i l&i 
 pd, i cu thai khu; had he not come to her help, 
 she would have been slain. khd pd bo ngo; 
 
 can insure against accidents. k6 sin pd-Iu 
 
 phOiig-ang ; trust the gods to keep in safety. 
 sSn put leng pd b6 un cu nftng ; the gods can- 
 not protect those who have fate against them. 
 
 ^rt p6 82 To requite; to recompense; 
 "yPC 665 9 to revenge ; a retribution ; a 
 reward ; to state, to tell, to inform, to report ; 
 a messenger ; a reporter ; a gazette, 
 un pp un, wn pp wn ; return good for good, 
 and evil for evil, slen pp; the reward of right 
 doing, nk pp ; retribution for evil doing, im 
 pp ; hidden consequences of concealed wicked- 
 ness, iangpp; evident or open reward. 
 sok pp ; a speedy retribution. chi pp; tardy 
 recompense. cong-su u pp ; in the end the 
 recompense is sure. pp-eng; compensate, 
 cang un pp wn ; return good for evil, pp-chiu; 
 avenge ; an avenger. tS.ng-sim hiap-lfik khu 
 pp pe chiu ; joined their forces and with one 
 accord went to avenge the murder of their 
 father, khu pp i cai; go and inform him. thu 
 pp kau un ; 1 hope to rewai-d your great kind- 
 ness, pp-tap ; requite, pp-piin ; compensate, 
 lu ciang-lai ai" c p-ni pp i ? What sort of return 
 are you going to make for it in the future ? 
 jit pp ; daily newspapers. gueh pp ; monthly 
 magazines. wn-mng pp lai cp-ni pp ? What 
 was the news on the official bulletin ? si cp- 
 n!, me'-me" lai pp; whatsoever it be, come 
 quickly and bring information. 
 
 p6 38 An old woman ; a mother ; 
 
 704 8 a crone, 
 ko pd ; an old dame ; an aunt ; the goddesa 
 " Queen of Heaven" is thus called by the Lim 
 family, whoso surname is also hers. Iftu ko 
 
 pp ; Iftu siin p6 ; lau m p6 ; an aged dame ; an 
 old lady j a grand-aunt, thdi" tieh pp-pp ne ; 
 appears very slow and stupid. 8a°-ki-pp ; a 
 large hod with ears. 
 
 yl^ ^^ ^^'^'" Peppermint. 
 I' J » yr* 705 p5-hp lu ; peppermint oil. 
 p6-h5 pia"; crystallized peppermint essence. 
 
 — poll — 
 
 V^ V9^ ]^ To argue against ; to con- 
 **^l/\ 708 4 tradict; to criticise adversely; 
 to tranship; to thrust in ; to insert, 
 pph sio ; find fault with the bill, pph phSng; 
 cavil about the weight. plen-pph ; to debate 
 the question, pph miig i; cross-question him. 
 pph kau i bd ue in ; argued the opposite side 
 of the question until he had nothing to say in 
 reply. cle'-si pph Iph lai ; criticised by his 
 
 superior in office. p6 teng c6 cki-pph loh lai ; 
 the Board reversed the decision and returned 
 it to the lower court for reconsideration, pph 
 hiie; to tranship goods, pph cSi ; tranship the 
 cargo. pph kaa ne kiu-k{n cu 6i tit kiie ; if 
 you squeeze it in very close you can get it 
 through. 
 
 VO P^'^ ^ To fasten, moor, or anchor a 
 lO 707 5 boat. 
 
 cun poh to kang lai ; the vessel is moored in 
 the harbour. Q ki) hd suah-pph a bp ? Is there 
 good anchorage ? pph pang ci kp ; moor here. 
 
 H^ pph 180 The neck. 
 /J"T' 718 7 tio pph ; to hang one's self, 
 hai i khu tio pph ; was the cause of her going 
 and hanging herself. 
 
 pph 194 Desolate ; poor. 
 _ 711 6 ke cu loh pph ; the family is 
 wretchedly poor. i hue Jph-pph kai sl-hau, ci 
 kp sng i Slang pii ; before he became impover- 
 ishe4, he was reckoned to be the richest man 
 hereabouts. 
 
 pph 118 A weir; small fishing stakes. 
 
 706 8 pph tau ; the weir. c&h 
 
 pph ; to set up a weir. mai" kio to siang p6h 
 hie"-se"; do not flop about as a fish does when 
 trying to escape from the weir, cu si to siang 
 pph-tau liie°-se°; uneasy as a fish out of water, 
 hu ki pph-tau kia° m-hd cai ; that restless little 
 urchin is a nuisance. 
 
t)!CTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIAtKCT. 
 
 439 
 
 ^y^j- p6h 140 Thin ; attenuated ; poor ; nn- 
 1^^ 705 13 fortunate ; light ; few ; to 
 slight ; to treat coldly ; a thin leaf or plate, 
 si kitu kai a poh kai ? Is it a thick or a thin 
 one ? siah kau ne poh-poh ; hew it very thin, 
 mai" thiu khah poh ; do not plane it too thin, 
 ci kai poll hu kai ; this is thinner than that, 
 cek teng moh poh-poh ; a thin film, i to phah 
 siah poh ; he is making tin foil. ngun-p5h ; 
 silver foil. tah kim poh kai ; covered with 
 
 gold-leaf. sie" thih poh ; plated with iron, 
 
 sie" ngun poh ; plated with silver, siang poh ; 
 the thinnest. co I'o poh ce ; make it rather 
 
 thinner. chui-lim-phue poh-sie poh-sie ; has 
 very thin lips. lia thSi i put poh ; I treated 
 him with no lack of courtesy. i poh thSi lia ; 
 he treated me with scant courtesy, poh ceh i 
 ce cu ho ; to give him a slight reprimand is 
 sufficient. pph mia°; a hard lot. wn ka-kl 
 
 kai mia" poh; complained of his own fate being 
 so hard. i khu kau, ii khin poh i a bo ? Did 
 he receive contemptuous treatment on arriv- 
 ing? pqhloi; less than customary civility, 
 min phue poh ; thin skinned. poh phue cSi, 
 khin-khin cu m hau"; he is very touchy, and 
 gets displeased at the least reproof. ta''-poh ; 
 to stint; frugal ; to economize, cu ua" ta° pph; 
 content with little. pph hok kai nang ; one 
 who has few blessings, hok-hun pph ; has few 
 comforts. khek-pph cSi ; greatly harrassed. 
 
 — pu — 
 
 PHl pu 157 To kick forward and upward. 
 |t^^ 903 "8 kai i pu khui ce ; kick it and 
 send it farther off. 
 
 "jkt pu 50 To arrange ; to spead out, to 
 ^M 713 2 publish, to make known, 
 tang i khu pu-pai ; wait till he has made the 
 arrangements for it. thoi" i cp-ni pii-pai ; see 
 what arrangements he makes. i pai-pii chut 
 lai leng-ua° ho thoi"; they look better in the 
 ■way in which he has arranged them, tang ua 
 kio la pii-ti ; wait till I arrange it for you. 
 pii-ti lai tit ngi ; properly arranged, pii-ceng- 
 sai ; treasurer of a province. pii kau thi"-e ; 
 made known throughout the Empire. 
 
 ^I=g^ pu 40 Rich ; wealthy ; afflaent. 
 pFf 148 ^ pu-kui ; rich and honored, 
 pii-cok ; a competence, pii-hau ; affluent, pu 
 ong; a man of means, pu nang; a rich man. 
 pii ho ; a wealthy family, ni pu, lak khiang ; 
 in the prime of life and strength. ko pu ; 
 
 long wealthy. chp pu put li khiong ke ie"; 
 
 the newly rich cannot put away the manners 
 of the poor, pu-kiii sa" to huang cai fra ciah ; 
 
 after being rich for three generations, one 
 knows how to take one's food properly. pu* 
 nang kim oh tau ; a rich man's gold is hard to 
 barter for. pii-jio ; rich ; fertile. 
 
 ^^ pu 130 The side opposite the edge} 
 ^ 669 5 the back, 
 to pu ; the back of a knife. hA pu ; the ridge 
 along the back of a fish. keng hi", keng pu ; 
 the string and the arch of a bow that is strung, 
 kia" keng-pu hfig ke hph coi 16 ; to go by the 
 circuitous route is a much longer journey, ka- 
 tp pu ; the dull edge of the blade of a pair of 
 shears. 
 
 pu 32 A heap ; a pile. 
 
 924 8 hiie-pu ; a pile of refuse or 
 rubbish ready for burning, ti-ko hwt hue-pu? 
 Where are they burning a pile of rubbish ? 
 ciang-si to sie hiie-pu sie lio juah si; at times 
 when rubbish is being burned the heat from it 
 ia intolerable. 
 
 4-5^ pu 86 To heat ; to boil ; to cook by 
 }(l\ 663 9 boiling. 
 
 pu chph kun ciii ; heat some water to the boil- 
 ing point. khieh khu huang-ld pu ke khiin- 
 kia°; take it to the stove and boil it a little 
 while longer, peh pu ; simply boiled. 
 
 pu 97 A species of gourd, of which 
 222 6 the dried shell is used for 
 dippers and ladles. 
 
 pu ilia ; a square shallow wooden dipper, ho- 
 ld pu ; the bottle gourd. pu cek kai cek kai 
 se" lio lio to pe" teng ; the gourds hang one 
 by one where they grow on the trellis. 
 
 m 
 
 pu 64 To pursue and capture ; to 
 714 7 search for and arrest, 
 pu-thia"; superintendent of police in a sub-dis- 
 trict magistrate's office, cong-tok kai sun-pu ; 
 a police-office connected with the governor's 
 yaman. bun-sun-pij, bu siin pu ; special aids 
 to the chief provincial authorities, civil and 
 military. pu-hiah ; pQ khuai ; constables, 
 
 chip-pu-kek ; vigilance committee, phai i khu 
 pu tSu ; depute him to pursue and arrest the 
 thieves. i rh thong kau pu ; he has not 
 
 understanding enough for the lowest official 
 position. 
 
 /_E1 pa 9 To brood j to set on eggs ; to 
 \/\ 162 4 hatch, 
 pu cek tku koi-kia°; to hatch a nest of chickens, 
 koi-bd to pu koi-kia°; the hen is sitting, cap 
 kai nng pu chut kau ciah ; nine tenths of the 
 eggs produced chickens. 
 
440 
 
 DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 — pua — 
 pua 64 To disseminate ; to strew ; to 
 703 12 scatter abroad ; to sow. 
 
 pua-iang i kai mia°; publish his name far and 
 
 wide. thwn-piia ; to promulgate. 
 
 pua 118 A winnowing; to winnow- 
 A^jj^ 704 13 pua bi; to winnow rice- 
 tliai pua ; to sift and winnow. piia-ki ; a 
 
 winnowing basket, pua tio cho-khng; winnow 
 away the chaff. kliut huang ^ng pua tieh ; 
 
 splashed by wind and waves. 
 
 — pua" — 
 pua" 64 To move from one place to 
 650 id another ; to transport, 
 pua" chi ; to change one's dwelling place. 
 pua" to p&t kd tiu ; moved elsewhere to reside. 
 pua"-un nie-hiang ; transport stores for the 
 army. pua" so si hui ; carry to and fro the 
 
 words that set people at variance. pua" so 
 
 sfi-song ; fetch and carry reports until a law- 
 suit ensues. 
 
 pua" 187 A sort ; a way ; manner of. 
 
 650 4 to si c6k pua"; they are all 
 of one sort. cftp poih pua" bii goi, pua"-pua" 
 hio ; of all the eighteen kinds of military drill, 
 he understands each. choi" pua" bwn pua", 
 to si rala"; among all manner of things, lifo is 
 of chief importance. 
 
 pua" 112 A large rock ; a founda- 
 
 654 10 tion stone, 
 kien-kii kiie cleh-pua"; immovable as a rock. 
 t6 cleh-pda" t^ng tie h^ ; sat on a rock fishing 
 with line and hook. 
 
 A^^ pua" 24 A half; a large piece of. 
 
 I 651 3 tui-tiii cck pua"; just half, 
 
 to piia" si m-hd kai; full half of it is bad. 
 chun is cek tOa pua"; have rather more than 
 half of it left, piia- me"; midnight. Id toa i 
 c€k piia"; you are twice as large as he. piia" -si 
 n&ng; a middle aged person, pua" sin, pua" gi; 
 half believing and half doubting. pua" hau", 
 piia" m hau"; half willing and half reluctant, 
 tang ke piia" khek; wait a few minutes longer, 
 kia" kau piia" si ; half dead with fright. cek 
 pua" nang, cek pda" kui ; half man and half 
 demon. pua" lo cih phoi-ta°; broke his carry- 
 ing pole when half way to his destination, cih 
 pua"; to halve. t7i lid piia" thu ju hiii ; do not 
 leave a thing half finished. piia" p6i° min ; a j 
 profile view, ue kai pua" sin mui" jin; paint a 
 half-length portrait. ciah kau pua" pak ; ate ! 
 half a meal. cja ieh tieh piia" pak ktii sl-hau j 
 clah; this medicine is to be taken between meals, i 
 
 cie"-pua°-kua ; the middle of the forenoon. e- 
 piia"-kua; middle of the afternoon. cie"-pua"- 
 lue" bo hie" sau, u-pua"-m§" sau io (hi'am ; the 
 first part of the night I do not cough much, but 
 the latter part of the night I cough violently, 
 hwn-lio pua" kueh bQe c6ng loh ; half of them 
 are not yet put in. n5 thang ciii piia"-piia"; 
 
 two buckets, each half full of water. i kfii 
 
 mng piia" hSm-hoi"; his door is ajar. i chun 
 piia" tio se'-mia"; he is only half alive. thi" 
 ke piia" da"; add another half bowlful. i a-si 
 kheng piia" mak th6i"-ku to cii ho ; if ho will 
 take a look at it occasionally that will suffice, 
 pda" guoh ; half a month, cuu kau piia" khoi ; 
 the boat has reached the middle of the river, 
 piia" p6i"; a half. bo piia" nang t6 ; there was 
 nobody at all there, kai piia" kai u ; have one 
 or two only. pua"-sia-si pua"-sia-si ne ; very 
 oblique. ka piia"-Kia.si, pua"-tla-si ne ; cut it 
 bias. c€k hiie, piia" hue ; barelj' once or twice, 
 chgng kau pua"-kii-lph ; half worn. ciah kaa 
 piia'-lam-so ; eat barely enough, piia" ta tftm; 
 half dry. piia" che" sek ; half ripe, pua" sia" 
 tk" cii hfo ; understood it before he w;ts half 
 through speaking. p5ng bo piia" kii iie ; they 
 never have any words with each other. piia" 
 cin piia thd; hesitating whether to advance or 
 to retreat. piia" ngc nng kai Qe ; language 
 
 that is neither too harsh nor too j'ielding. 
 piia" lam-nng ; a hermaphrodite. 
 
 piia" 64 To remove from one place 
 
 650 10 to another, 
 ca si pua" kiie khu, ta" lu ai" pua" kiie lAi ; 
 it was moved there befoi'e, and now it is to be 
 moved back again. pua"-piia" ie-ie, chwn b6 
 tia"-tieh ; moves it first to one place and then 
 to another, without fixing upon any place for it. 
 
 J^^ pua" 108 A plate, tray or flat dish ; a 
 .mL 653 10 market ; a game ; an affair, 
 soi pua".ua"; wash the dishes. pua"-ua" mai" 
 leh-leh-kie ; do not clatter the dishes, thang- 
 piia"; a salver. tOa pua", soi pua", pua" kia"; 
 large, medium-sized, and small plates. kio 
 
 pua" pe"-pe" to.i ; of the same size as the 
 platter. pua" toi, pAa" kha ; the upper and 
 
 the under side of a plate. pua" niai" thah 
 
 khah kiii"; do not pile the plates too high, 
 piia" kiam cheng-khih, soi lio, chit ta, io-khap 
 khi; scrape the plates clean, wash them, wipe 
 them dry, and set them bottom upward in a 
 pile. .'jQg-piia"; an abacus, ngo se" pua"; trays 
 for holding offerings to the gods. ia°-pua" 
 
 cap to ti-kp ? Where is the camp set ? ue c§k 
 kai kl-piia°; draw the squares ou a chess-boai'd. 
 nang lai teh cek pua" ki ; let us play a game of 
 chess. kha pua"; the instep, chiu piia"; the 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 441 
 
 back of the hand. tl-tiang-si kan pfla" ? 
 
 Wlien was the bnainoss transferred to others ? 
 Bin pua"; suah pua"; to wind up an affair, da. 
 hue ti-tiang-si cia° ai" khui pua°? When are 
 these goods to be throw upon the market ? 
 p(ua°-ti ; disbursraents ; incidental expenses. 
 sa" chun pua", ngo chun pua" chit chiin piia"; 
 three, five, and seven inch platters. 
 
 ^^? pua" 162 To pass over or beyond. 
 Jfilt 1124 9 pua*" sia" chut khu ; tra- 
 versed the city and went out on the other side. 
 pua° kue chie" cu si i kai S,u thau ; pass over 
 the wall and you come to the back of his house, 
 pua" sua" kiie ni'a ; to cross the mountains, 
 pua" tiii chii-te'ng kue ; went over the tops of 
 the houses. 
 
 pua' 64 To brush off ; a duster. 
 
 154 5 pua" tlo eng-t§ng ; brush off 
 the dust, pua" mang kai mang-piSa"; a brush 
 for brushing off mosquitoes. 
 
 — puah — 
 
 pnah 167 A glazed earthen basin. 
 709 6 hue puah; a flower pot. ciii 
 puah; a water pot. thoah puah; a priest's dish. 
 
 ^ puah 154 To play for stakes. 
 
 ^ 916 9 puah su, puah ia"; to lose 
 or to win in gambling. puah-ci"; to gamble, 
 in ciah iu puah ; hau" ciah hau" puah ; smokes 
 opium and gambles, puah kau sok-sok-theh ; 
 played till he had nothing left to stake. 
 
 puah 157 To slip and fall ; to make 
 891 5 a false step ; to tumble. 
 i puah loh khu cu peh m cau-khf ; if he falls 
 down he cannot get up aerain. i puah tieh t\- 
 ko ? Where did he hurt himself when he fell ? 
 i puah cih kha kut; he fell down and bi-oke his 
 leg. puah loh khu lio-lio-tit ; fell down flat. 
 i c5 thia° tieh cu iang puah loh khu ; when she 
 heard it she fell in a swoon. 
 
 pftah 64 To flop sidewise. 
 
 887 8 cun-biie puah kue tang p6i"; 
 turn the stern of the boat eastward, cun puah 
 m tng sin ; cannot turn the boat. khut i kai 
 hA-bue puah khu kau cu puah loh khii; one 
 ■would be felled by a blow from his tail. i td 
 kia", kai biie puah kiie lai puah kiie khu ; its 
 tail flops to and fro as it goes. 
 
 m 
 
 piiah 85 To draw water from a well. 
 394 4 khieh puah-thang khu puah 
 c§k puah ciii; take the drawing bucket and 
 draw a bucket of water. 
 
 puah 64 To toss down ; to throw. 
 71 15 puah tfta ; to throw dice. 
 pAah 16h th6-8, tiang-c6-kie ; if you throw it 
 upon the ground it jingles. 
 
 — pue — 
 :5^ pue 183 To fly; to flit ; to go swiftly ; 
 y\\i 136 to act with dispatch; flying; 
 airy ; quick. 
 
 cia s! td phah pue cfo ; this is like hitting a 
 bird on the wing, kui" cfo kui" pue, ke ci'o kg 
 pue ; high flying birds fly high, and low flying 
 birds fly low, each in his sphere. bo leng-ui 
 kai CIO tab ti pue ; a disabled bird treads the 
 ground as he flies. kia° kkn bun pue, phek 
 
 sua"; so frightened that he lost all presence o£ 
 mind, thoi" tieh, kai hun cu pue kau kfu sio; 
 on seeing it, his soul flew to the ninth heaven ; 
 he completely lost his wits. me" kau kio pne 
 cek ie"; as swift as if flying. me'-m^" cu \^i 
 pue pp ; speed quickly and inform. ang cfo 
 pue hie" me"; as fast as a bird flies, ci ui ISu- 
 ia si kia"-jit pue-seng ; this god has ascended 
 on high to-day. i 6i pue siam cau piah ; he 
 can flit away over the tops of the partitions. 
 i chah sit to Iang pue; though he should put 
 on wings he would find it difficult to fly. 
 
 "T^^O pue 96 Bamboo roots, scallop shells* 
 J-y^ 373 6 stones or pieces of wood of a 
 hemisphencal shape, tossed into the air and 
 allowed to fall on the ground, in divination, 
 i khu lau-ia ko puah pue ; he has gone before 
 a god to toss the bamboo-roots. si puah tieh 
 im pue, a si iang pue, a si seng pue ? When 
 you tossed the two bamboo-roots did they fall 
 with the flat sides downward, or with the con- 
 vex sides downward or with one flat side and 
 one convex side downward ? puah loh khji n5 
 seng cek un pue; when tossing the bamboo-roots 
 they fell twice with one flat and one convex 
 surface upward, and once they fell otherwise, 
 im pue ; the roots fell in such a way as to give 
 an unfavorable omen, iang pue ; a permissive 
 or affirmative answer given by the fall of bam. 
 boo-roots. chie pue ; an uncertain response 
 given by the fall of the bamboo-roots, im pne 
 ia ai" cam tek, iang pue ia ai" cam tek ; which- 
 ever way the roots fall in the divination of the 
 will of the god, I am going to do the thing. 
 
 pue 75 A cup; a vessel to drink from. 
 l^ 668 4 kau pue ua" cua"; to partake 
 of the wedding cup as do bride and groom, 
 ciu pue ; a wine glass. t§-pne ; tea-cups. fe 
 cek pue cui lai; dip out and bring a cup of 
 water. tham pue kai nang; a wine-bibber, 
 
 pue pue kang; drank the cup dry every time. 
 
442 
 
 DICTIONAET 07 THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 pue 124 To turn to and fro; to 
 
 124 12" flutter about. 
 i si-chu id piie chue, piie bo ; she was flitting 
 to and fro searching everywhere for it, but 
 did not find it. khieh png cu-cheh chut lai 
 piie kau cau-cau, piie m tieh ; took the book 
 and turned the leaves to and fro looking it all 
 through, but did not find it. cSk tu toi kJii 
 mueh khut i pue kku ju-ju ; the things in the 
 cupboard have been turned over by him till 
 they are all tumbled up. pAe ua°-kwn chut Ifti 
 th6i''; turn up the records of the trial and see. 
 
 f::\ p«»e 154 Precious ; riches. 
 ^'\ 670 p<5-pue; treasures, 
 puu kai miieh ; it is a valuable article. 
 
 si p<5- 
 
 «^l^ pile 180 The back j the opposite of 
 f~4 6G9 6 the front or face ; behind ; 
 the rear ; to back ; to carry on the back, 
 si niin a si piie? Is it the front or the back? 
 i tng-niin li m tk", pue-ftu li cia° t<5 Ham; he 
 will not say it to your face, but is telling it 
 behind your back. koi".thio pue-hQ k&i n&ng, 
 mai° khau-khak i ; do not haggle about the 
 price, with those who carry their goods on their 
 backs. i si in-ui iong-cu hwt piie tl sf; he 
 died of a carbuncle on his back. i chgng c6k 
 kai tah-piie ; she wore a sleeveless jacket. c(a 
 b6 pile bo min ; this is the same on both sides. 
 cua-kh6 piie la ho sfa ; you may write on both 
 sides of the paper in this copy-book. 
 
 piie 169 A class ; a generation ; forms 
 
 670 8 the plural, 
 i 10 toa pue ; he is one of the elder ones. nfn 
 no n&ng ti-tiang io toa piie ? Which of you 
 two is the senior ? iJlu c6i° piie k&i nftng ; 
 
 people of the old sort, i sng si cun pue ; he is 
 to be considered the superior. nfn ft c6 pue 
 sii a bo ? Do you give duplicate names in your 
 family ? lin si pd piie, ni'n si tl c6k pde ? We 
 repeat the word Precious in our names, what 
 one do you repeat ? e piie ki" tieh cle' pue 
 
 hiie, tieh kiong-keng ; when those of a lower 
 grade meet those of a higher, they must make 
 obeisance to them, pie nang piie su ; the more 
 the people, the more the work to be done, lia 
 i-i kio i a-kong tftng pue ; I am of the same 
 generation as his grandfather. hie"-li si i 
 
 siang toa piie ; he ranks highest in the village- 
 soi piie ; younger branches of the family. ftu 
 pile ; later generations. ci" pue ; the younger 
 members of the clan. 
 
 Bl& pue J54. To make up a loss ; to in- 
 Mpl 672 8 demnify; to supply a deficit; 
 to offset ; to confess. 
 
 piie hai"; to make good a loss. pue sie"; to 
 compensate. pue tien ; to pay, as a surety. 
 
 b6 pQe ; no repayment for losses. pue loi ; to 
 return a visit, pue put si ; I own I am in the 
 wrong. pue ciie ; acknowledge a fault. cie 
 pue; pay the value, mfieh-tio li tieh pue ; if 
 you spoil it you must pay for it. cek k&i, 
 
 pue n6 kai ; give two in compensation for one. 
 p&e kau kau-kku ; make up the loss in full. 
 
 ttiC pue 170 To accompany; to fellowship; 
 rOT 672 8 to double ; to match, 
 pue lu chut miig ; go out with you. pue n&ng- 
 theh c6 ; sit with a guest. sii-ce, ci'e piie ; 
 
 excuse me, I can stay no longer. ci kai si 
 
 pixe-]s.b k&i cliiah-kha; this a bondmaid who 
 (like Zilpah) follows her mistress to her home, 
 ci kii Qe l&i pue-chin ; take this sentence to 
 throw light on the other, lia m 6i' td sie piie; 
 being busy, I must leave you. ham n6 k&i I&i 
 pue ciu ; call two of them to serve at table and 
 share the wine. chi'a" n&ng-kheh Mi pue sin 
 kfa'-sai; invito guests to meet a new son-in-law 
 at dinner. 
 
 aSC pQe 9 A fold ; an increase. 
 1 1^ 670 8 ke c6k pQe; double the amount. 
 tOa cftp piie to m kh^ng ; would not consent to 
 it for ten times that sum. i kia piie ll-h&i ; 
 
 he is twice as dangerous, ia" i ku-& piie ; his 
 superior by far. kie° hfa Ci peh piie ; a hund- 
 red fold better than that. h&p piSe thkng ; 
 earns double the amount. 
 
 V^ pfie 180 To set one's self against ; to 
 l~4 669 5 go contrary to ; to turn the 
 back upon. 
 
 i piie ieh ; he has violated his word, piie-ngek 
 sin-se"; acts in opposition to his teacher, piie 
 sin-se" kSi ka ; apostatize, ta" li'o, kio cu-t^ng 
 sie-piie ; said it just Uie contrary way from 
 that in which it was set down in the book, 
 pile ou ; turn the back and recite the lesson, 
 m ka° piie c6i" ngan ; dare not violate his 
 word, lu thoi" ceng n&ng kai sim si hiang i a 
 si ptie i ? Do you think the hearts of the peo- 
 ple turn toward him, or against him ? me"- 
 kiia sai ciu, si pCie nang, bd piie teng ; in 
 pouring wine at night one tunis the pitcher 
 toward the people and pours toward the light. 
 
 XH piie 94 l&ng-piie; an animal allied to 
 ^L^ 670 T a wolf, with one or more 
 legs wanting, so that in order to get on one 
 must ride another ; it is probably the jerboa, 
 i no n&ng chin-chle" l&ng-piie sie da ; the two 
 depend on each other as do jerboas. i cf- 
 
 hiie sim si l&ng-piie ; they are now very short 
 handed. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 443 
 
 e^ pfie 149 To stir up rebellion by 
 p-f^ 718 7 seductive talk ; misleading ; 
 disorderly ; perverse. 
 
 pQe-niu ; seditious. ua thia"-k\" i kai ue 
 
 piie-pue niu-niu, m h&h cheng-H ; I consider 
 what he says seditious and unreasonable. ai" 
 Bueh cu tieh kio cu li, mai" pile ; in explaining 
 a book, one must not go counter to the rules 
 of exposition. 
 
 •flftl P^6 5? '^° ^^ °^ ^^^^ ^P ^"'*'' 
 J'pl 672 8 pue hun-kuah; hill up sweet- 
 potatoes, pue tho, pue kui" ce ; hoe the earth 
 op higher around it. 
 
 pue 86 To dry by or over a fire. 
 i\:$ 670 8 pue no kai kue lai ti'am sim ; 
 heat up two cakes for luncheon. pue t^ ; to 
 fire tea. toa pue, sie pue ; dried much or 
 
 little by exposure to dry heat, i chin, to pue 
 hue ; he is cold, and is warming himself at 
 the fire. nkng khx lai sie pue cu boi chin ; 
 
 snuggle together and you will not be cold, 
 pue-lam ; a spit. 
 
 — puh — 
 
 tftll P^^ 1? ^° P^°^ ' ^^ thrust ; to stab. 
 ^'J 1035 6 khut tp-kia" puh loh khu 
 hueh cu lau ; when the pen-knife was thrust 
 in the blood ran. khut ki chi puh kau uang- 
 nang chim loh khu; was stabbed over so deeply 
 by a thorn. 
 
 B^ puh 130 Flabby. 
 f5 112 12 puh nek; flabby meat, cek 
 sin nek puh-puh, m toi°; his flesh is flabby 
 and not solid. 
 
 — pui — 
 
 BU pui 24 Vulgar, plebeian, low, mean 
 "^ ■* 668 6 inferior ; humble ; a term for 
 one's self. 
 
 ke lai ai° u cun pui toa s6i kai loi-sio ; in the 
 family there should be observance of the cus- 
 tomary civilities between the high and the low, 
 the elder and the younger, bo cun pui b6 toa 
 sbi ; no difference on account of rank nor of 
 age. i ki" cie°-si si ka-ki cheng-co pui-ceh ; 
 in meeting his superior' officer he speaks of 
 himself as an " inferior officer ". co kua" mai° 
 CO pui, CO pui sin nang khui ; if your are an 
 official, do not be one of low rank, for if you 
 are you will be treated with contumely. pui 
 cua°; lowlive; mean, base; baseborn. ai° khiu 
 kau tin-to pui, ai° khiu iong tin-to jok ; sought 
 eminence and got a lower station, sought glory 
 and came to disgrace instead. 
 
 pui 61 To commiserate ; grief for 
 JitU\ 668 T another's woe ; to be sad ; to 
 feel for ; sympathy ; tragic, 
 i kai n&ng chfl-pui cSi ; she is very tender- 
 hearted, chu-pui nie ; a name for the goddess 
 Kwanyin. pui-liSi ; to weep bitterly. pui- 
 cho ; sad, sorrowful. tSi chti t5i pui ; most 
 
 pitiable, pui-ai, thia'-khkn ; to weep and wail, 
 pui-cham ; heart-rending, in pui lu hi ; both 
 sad and glad. 
 
 pfti 180 Fat, fleshy, plump; oily, rich> 
 137 4 unctuous, fertile. 
 cSah kau pui-pui ; has grown very fat. pfti- 
 ckng, toa-kla"; fat and stout, thoi" a-pui u t5 
 me ; see if the fat fellow is there. p\ii-toa ; 
 corpulent. chl kau pui-pui ; feed up and 
 
 make fleshy, i pui lai pha"-lauh ; his fat is of 
 a flabby sort, ci kai pui l^i kiu-ci ; this one's 
 fat is very solid. ci ku pui ka-ki tia''-tia''; 
 
 looks only to his own benefit. ci ie" ke"-chai 
 toa ciah pui ; this sort of vegetable takes up 
 much fat in the cooking. i ciah kau o pue 
 
 chiah toi ; he has become brown, hardy and 
 stout. cap pui, kau pu ; of ten fat persons 
 
 nine are rich. 
 
 BE 
 
 pui 
 
 139 
 
 104 Prickly heat. 
 5 hip kau hia pui cek pa cek 
 pa; pent up there till the prickly heat has 
 come out in many spots. khieh ko sang-hun 
 lai so pui ; get some prepared chalk and rub 
 the spots. thong sin se° kau ceng-ceng pui ; 
 his whole body is covered with prickly heat. 
 
 pui 30 To bark. 
 
 140 4 ca me" kai kau piii khu thiam 
 cai ; last night there was a dog barking 
 violently. 
 
 — puu — 
 
 JC^ pun 18 To distribute ; to apportion > 
 >rr 129 2 to divide up. 
 i no nang i"-keng pun khui ciah ; the two have 
 already established themselves separately in 
 housekeeping. i a-ti to pia" pun ke-hiie ; his 
 younger brother is pressing him to divide the 
 property, kai nang pun u jieh coi bo chang ? 
 How many acres of land does each get in the 
 division of property ? pun cd cap hun ; divide 
 it into ten equal portions. co sua" pun hiin ; 
 remains at head-quarters, to apportion to each 
 his share. jwu pun, pun m lio ; au endless 
 
 remainder when divided. loh sim much ce 
 
 pun cu cheng-cho ? What do you put in to 
 separate the different elements ? i ke lai sa" 
 pun lak kph ; in that family each is for himself, 
 chiu pun a ; the tree forks. khoi pun co n5 
 
444 
 
 DICTIONABT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 p6i°; the river divides into two branches. kla° 
 kau ci k6 pun c6 ku-S, iio lo ; at this point the 
 road divides into several branches. thang ci" 
 pg" pun ; divide the earnings equally. pun 
 
 sua"; pun khui ; to separate, kia" kau piia" l6 
 cu pun lo; half way there the road divides. 
 
 pun 145 A sign of the passive voice, 
 6(»9 6 showing that what follows 
 ■was suffered or done. i pun u&ng khi-hd ; he 
 ■was imposed upon by people. nfn s! ai" pun 
 n&ng 0-1(5 a si ai" pun nang m5° ? Do you want 
 people to praise you or to blame yon ? pun 
 kua -hu liah khu ; seized by the magistrate, 
 pun i cGang tSeh ; suffered from the force of 
 the collison. pun i n&k tieh ; was clutched 
 
 by him, 
 
 pun 120 To give to ; to supply ; to 
 'PI 393 6 afford opportunity, 
 ci kia" mfieh khieh khu pun i ; take this and 
 give it to him. b6 mfieh h<5 pun i ; I have 
 
 nothing to give him, koi" chu pun i tin ; gave 
 him a house to live in. chph ch&ng pun i siu 
 co; allowed him to receive the rent of a piece 
 of ground. cM kiah ke n6 koi" ph6 pun i, i 
 iii" i buah ke koi" pun i ; after he had set aside 
 two more shops for her, she wanted him to set 
 apart another one for her. lu pun iSa thoi"; 
 let me see it, i ft-sl keh sek cu mhi" pun i 
 
 ciah ; if he is disobedient, do not give him 
 anything to eat, kfti tl-tiang pun lu kfii ? 
 
 Who gave it to you ? 
 
 yj^ p^n 76 Native ; proper ; appropriate 
 ^1^ 655 1 to; one's own, 
 buang piin ; to forget one's parents, pdn Iftt 
 ua m khii ; I should not have gone of myself, 
 piin-ti nang ; natives. hdpun-su; capable; 
 clever. i k&i piin-nfa toa cfti ; he has great 
 
 abilities, a-piin ; a clerk or secretary in a 
 
 yamun. 
 
 pun 119 Ordure ; filth; muck ; dung ; 
 
 132 11 manure, 
 c6k bo chang eng loh jieh coi pui-pun ? How 
 much fertilizing matter must be put on one 
 acre of ground ? put tio to-pun ; clear away 
 the rubbish, piin-mng ; the anus, piin-ki ; 
 a dust hod. pun ti ; a dust hole, 6ng pun ; 
 to put on liquid manure. 
 
 rt^ pftn 80 To blow with the mouth. 
 V'V 101 4 puu ho tang; sound a signal 
 horn, pun hue" tek ; play ou a flute, pun ti- 
 t& ; play on a pipe, pun pi ; blow a pipe, pun 
 pu ; blow a trumpet, pun ki-ku ; blow on a 
 
 whistle. pun ha"-ha"; make a low hoarse 
 
 sound on a wind instrument. pun phak tl 
 
 ho"; blow, and make a sound like the roaring 
 of a crouched tiger. pun kue teng ; blow out 
 the lamp, pun chin eg ; cool by blowing, pun 
 huang ; blow upon. 
 
 P^ pun 80 To expel the breath forcibly } 
 ^ 650 18 to puff; to spurt, 
 piin cui; spurt water out of the month. mSk 
 eng tieh, ua kio lu ce pun cu h<5 ; if you have 
 dust in your eye, I will blow it out for you. 
 in to si pfin chut l&i ; it keeps puffing out 
 smoke. bneh tit pun ; ihe blood spurts 
 
 straight out. 
 
 pQn 118 Rude, doltish, dull, 
 655 6 oho-pQn ; coarse and awlc* 
 word ; ungainly, i k&i nftng se" lAi cho-ptln, 
 i kai co-su la cu cho-pQn ; he is himself un- 
 couth, and his conduct also is boorish, mueh* 
 kia" CO chut Ifii th6i" tieh ia cho-pQn, to m iu". 
 siu ; the things that he makes have all a rough 
 and rude look and are never delicate and elegant. 
 
 ^ 
 
 — put — 
 ,^ put 1 An adverb of negation. 
 
 717 8 put kh(5; not feasible; unfit- 
 ting, put l§ng ; unable. put plen ; incon- 
 venient, put sio ; disobedient, put pit ; un- 
 certain, put m6ng put p6h ; not lucid. put 
 ciet, put 1! ; neither instantly nor remotely, 
 bo s<5 put If; there is nothing that is not under 
 his control. bo nang ka° til" kai put j! ; no- 
 body dared disagree with hira. it put cd, ji 
 put hiu"; well, I'm in for it and I'll now go 
 through with it. put sam put su ; neither 
 
 the one thing nor the other. i Ifti bIu put si ; 
 he has come to make acknowledgment of an 
 error, put jit cu kau ; he will be here erelong, 
 put ju mai" khji ; it would be better not to go. 
 put ieh, jfl tang ; without a promise it would 
 be the same. khu kau, i put ciu, put chdi ; 
 
 on our arrival, he took no notice of us. put 
 tSng put khien ; appears out of his element ; 
 looks as if it were done by one unaccustomed 
 to the thing; unsystematic and incomplete, 
 put jien ; on the contrary. hua-hui ci"-ng<in 
 put ci'e ; spent no small amount of money. i 
 t6 llii put tftu-han ; he is ill at ease, 
 
 ^ put 64 To lift with both hands. 
 
 m 331 11 sa° ku put phu cia" boi tAh 
 tieh ; lift your dress and then you won't step 
 on it. kho put phii cia" boi mueh tarn ; hold 
 up your trowsers and then they will not get 
 wet, kun put phu cia" boi kue tieh kha ; 
 
 raise your skirt, then it will not get in the 
 way of your feet. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THB BWATOW DULICT. 
 
 445 
 
 put 64 To fill a hod or basket with 
 438 T earth, as in building adobe 
 walls. 
 
 hkra i khu put th6 ; tell hira to go and bring 
 earth in a hod. put tho lai ceng chie"; bring 
 the earth for pounding into tho wall. 
 
 — pwn — 
 
 J^ pwn 64 To put in seasoning ; to mix 
 [ 654 5 ingredients in food, 
 pvvn 16, pwn cA,u-cau ; put in "stock" as a 
 seasoning, and mix it uniformly throughout the 
 mass. p\Vn kai-luah ; season with mustard. 
 thi".si juah, pa-16i cp liang-pwn kai lai ciah 
 keng ho; since the weather is hot it is better 
 to prepare food with condiments of a cooling 
 nature. sui i cp-ni iam pwn swn ; let her 
 
 concoct it as she pleases. 
 
 pwn 29 To revolt; to resist authority. 
 
 652 7 i si pwn-ngek kai nang ; he 
 is a rebellious person. pvvn-chak ; a rebel, 
 
 mong pwn ; plot rebellion. kek kau i pwn- 
 hwn ; drove laim to rebellion. hAvn-pvvn ; 
 
 to revolt. pwn thu ; pvvn chin, chak cu ; 
 
 traitors ; rebels. i pvvn khu ke ; she eloped 
 and married. 
 
 m 
 
 pvvn 64 To regard lightly. 
 124 '5 pwn-meiig ; to risk life. i 
 pvvn-meng cai ; he is foolhardy. 
 
 — pwt — 
 
 pwt 64 To elevate ; to promote ; to 
 
 647 6 excel, 
 i si pwt kong-seng ; he is a selected sm-chai, 
 one who excels the common rank, and can be 
 employed. pwt p6 mong ia° kai cham-ciang ; 
 promoted to fill a vacant post as commander 
 of a certain garrison. thi-pwt; raise to a 
 
 higher post. 
 
 i _^* pvvt 89 Intractable. 
 "-JP* 718 4 pvvt die"; a comet, in allusion 
 to its sudden appearance and supposed malign 
 influence.o. ham i mai" lai to pvvt-che"; tell 
 him not to come about like an evil star. 
 
 pvvt 157 pwt-siap ; uncomfortable ; 
 
 709 5 tiresome, cek l6 k&i pwt- 
 siap si kang-kho cai ; the discomforts of the 
 journey are great. pwt-pvvt siap-siap, sim 
 
 si kang-kh6 ; most uncomfortable and very 
 fatiguing. 
 
 pwt 113 To disperse, to drive off. 
 164 5 pwt tu put siang ; to ward 
 off evil. 
 
 — pha — 
 
 pha 64 To throw out ; to cast off. 
 
 666 4 pha mSng liah hii ; cast out 
 a net to catch fish. pha teng ; to cast anchor, 
 sai pha kiu ; lions playing with a ball. khieh 
 mllng lai pha ang-chun ; take a net and catch 
 quails. 
 
 A bladder. 
 
 tu pha; a pig's bladder, jle 
 
 m 
 
 pha 130 
 666 ~1 
 pha ; the bladder. 
 
 pha 167 
 
 4G8 "6 
 
 To bestride. 
 
 pha cie° be sin cu tieh khia ; 
 
 if you mount a horse you must ride him. 
 
 pha 85 A bubble ; a blister. 
 
 667 6 khase" phS,; feet are blistered, 
 ciii pha ; bubbles, se" ciii pha kai pp-li ; glass 
 that has air bubbles in it. phok pha ; to blis- 
 ter ; to rise in blisters. peh pha koi ; itch, 
 having pus in the blisters. ngau kau i kun 
 khi lai kai pha kai pha ; seethe it till it 
 bubbles, o pha ; blood blistei's. lam kau kai 
 pha kai pha; scalded so that it is blistered. 
 
 — pha" — 
 
 pha" 61 To fear ; to dread ; to ap- 
 647 5 prehend ; to suppose ; lest^ 
 perhaps. 
 
 tong chin put pha" si ; the loyal courtier has 
 no dread of death. khiong-pha" i m cai ; lest 
 he should be ignorant of it. i thia" tieh cu 
 
 hai-pha"; when he heard it he was amazed, 
 pha" i cp-ni ? What are you afraid of ? ho 
 
 pha" i lai? Why dread his coming? kia"- 
 pha"; frightened, ti-tiang pha" tl-tiang! Who 
 is afraid of you ! 
 
 130 
 6 
 
 f& 
 
 H 
 
 pha" 
 1018 
 
 Spongy ; light, as bread or 
 pastry ; mellow, as fruit ; 
 tender yet firm, as flesh. 
 
 i kai nek pha"-pha,°, ho cai ; its meat is tender 
 and delicious. pha"-kua"; the lights ; the 
 
 lungs. ci liap put-kia" pha" cai ; this guava 
 is very mellow. mi"-pau phu ka°, mai" phu 
 khah pha"; in raising bread with yeast, do not 
 let it rise till it is too porous. 
 — phah — 
 
 jtvX P^^^^ ^ To beat ; to clap. 
 Tn 711 5 i kai khek cine khu hah 
 phah ; the ballad was sung in tune. se" cp 
 
 khu kah-phah ; is well proportioned. se" lai 
 kah-phah ; well formed. 
 
 -jnT phah 64 To strike, to pound, to beat, 
 ^J^-J 839 2 to maul, to fight; to pommel 
 and take blows ; to excite or do ; to add ; to 
 play on or with ; a blow, a stroke ; punish- 
 
446 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 ment by bambooing; to act on, to operate on, 
 to perform ; an auxiliary verb denoting action, 
 liah i khu phah ; seize him and beat hira. 
 pliah i Ciiu ; drive him off by beating him. 
 no n^ng td sie phah ; the two are fighting with 
 each other, i phah lia ; he struck me. phah 
 thoi" ti-tiang ia"; wrestle and see who is the 
 stronger. 6i khut i phah tieh a boi ? Did it 
 hit you ? phah khiin-thilu ; to box, slu i 
 phah; was beaten by him. sa" jit phah si tng; 
 beaten four times in three days. pliah kua"- 
 si ; bring a suit against, pliah thih k&i n&ng; 
 a blacksmith, i bue si thih phah k&i ; ho has 
 not yet hardened his muscles by hard work, 
 phah siah ; work in pewter, phah cieh ; stone 
 cutting, phah ch6iig ; fire a gun. i buo pat 
 khut ndng phah mftk ; ho ought to bo knocked 
 down for such insolence, phah tui i k&i phia"- 
 II; struck him in the side. phah cih i kai 
 
 kha; broke his leg. phah ang-chun ; to fight 
 quails. phah ci'o ; to shoot birds. phah in; 
 play shuttle-cock, phah pa-cfe°; strike on the 
 palm. toah phah ; scold and pound. phah 
 nng; beat up eggs, i t(5 phah kang ; they are 
 at work. phah iTi \d\i chiu ; could not strike 
 him. hhm kai Uli tui ie phah phok ; call 
 
 somebody to manipulate the back, beating it 
 lightly. phah s6ng-clang ; gain a battle, 
 
 phah pai ciang ; lost the battle. phah tie" 
 
 toa°; write out a permit, phah be-kia"; to set 
 down figures, phah iu ; to express oil. 
 
 — phai — 
 
 \\jfl P^iai 80 The noise made in spitting 
 r_L. 671 6 or hooting; to snort at. 
 iah-phai ; to flout ; to scoff at ; to hoot at ; to 
 treat with contumely. i phai-phai-k"ie, li-li 
 nie"; he snorted at and kept on reviling her. 
 
 "T^ phai 78 Bad, evil. 
 
 ^ 844^ phai kia"; a bad fellow. 
 
 phai n?ing co phai su ; the evil do evil. 
 
 VH^ phai 85 To branch, as a stream ; to 
 »/l\ 650 6 ramify, as a family ; a rill ; 
 to appoint to a post ; to distribute to each 
 person ; a tribe; all ; a lot ; the whole company; 
 a classifier. 
 
 ci^-phai ; a tribe, clan, or branch, ci kai ji si 
 sim-mih phai ? What is the name given to 
 these, to distinguish them from others of the 
 same surname ? kio i tang phai ; am of the 
 same family branch as he. cek phai to si sua"; 
 the whole of it is mountainous. ci cek phai 
 ti-hng kai cui lau to ti-ko khu ? Where does 
 the water of this region flow to ? phai i 
 
 khu ; send him to his post, eng phai kiii nang 
 khu ? How many persons must we depute ? 
 
 phai tla"-t!eh a bue ? Are the places to which 
 each is to go exactly assigned yet ? cfa si i 
 kai tek-phai ; this is the off.spring of his chief 
 wife. ci kai nfing cia''-phm c^i ; this man is 
 very upright. ceng nfing ISi phai ci"; they 
 
 all came and contributed their quota of cash, 
 cie chang-bo khue phai ; fix each person's 
 quota in accordance with the extent of his 
 arable land. hd phai-lhau ; of a good stock, 
 si-phai kai mileh-kla''; what is now all the 
 rage. chut lai hC> phai bo thau ; has no style 
 about it. 
 
 — phang — 
 
 phang 142 Insects of the family Ves- 
 156 7 pidce. 
 
 bit-phang ; the honey-bee. o-phang ; the 
 
 humble-bee. lin-liang-phang ; the sphex. hg. 
 phang ; a hornt't. h6°-thfiu phang ; a wasp, 
 
 mai" sip tieh hd''-thau-phang; do not trouble a 
 wasp. phang-tu; a beehive. ci tii phang 
 kuah a jieh coi bit? How much honey did you 
 get from this swarm ? phang coi cO kuah coi, 
 phang cio cii kuah ci'e; if the swarm is large you 
 get more, and if it is small you get less, phang 
 hfo kun-chin ; the swarm knows its ruler, cek 
 e chut sin phang-uang cu tieh pun tfl ; as soon 
 as a new queen is developed, the swarm must 
 be divided. plmng ia si khu chai fl hd bit cu 
 tieh khieh tug lai cin-kong phang-uang; if the 
 bees gather good honey they must bring it as 
 tribute to the qneen. bit phien ; a comb of 
 
 honey. cek kdng bit ; a cell in honey-comb, 
 phang-tau ; a wasp's nest. phang chi ; the 
 sting of a bee. khut phang tang tieh ; stung 
 by a bee. bI phang, uah chl ; a dead bee has a 
 live sting, bo-chi-phang m tit ukng ui; no one 
 fears a stingless bee. 
 
 phang 64 To pull toward one ; to 
 653 15 engage one to do something, 
 phang i chut lai ta" ue ; get him to come for- 
 ward and speak. i lai phang ua khu tang li ; 
 he came to get me to go and help him attend 
 to it. phang-lAng tSi-ke lai ngi su ; would get 
 you all to come and deliberate upon this affair, 
 m ka" kau phang ; dare not ventui'e to engage 
 in it. 
 
 phang 186 Fragrant; sweet-smelling. 
 188 phi" sat, m cai phang chau; 
 nose stopped up so as to be unable to tell the 
 difference between a perfume and a stench, bi 
 phang cSi ; it has a very sweet savour, phang 
 kue leng-hie"; sweeter than bergaraot. ISng- 
 hie° kue hai phang ; bergamot is odorous even 
 after crossing the sea. phi" tieh phang ; it 
 
 smells sweet, un hie°-ch& lai phi" phang ; 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 447 
 
 B 
 
 lookir 
 you si 
 
 IE 
 
 bni'n some aromaiic wood to make a sweet 
 odor. clieng kau koi" phaiig-phang ; the fra- 
 grance is diffused throughout the place. ue 
 koi° pliang ; the air is laden with fragrance, 
 phang hue ; fi'agrant flowers. 
 
 jB^ phang 120 To spin. 
 fj^/J 135 4 phang se; spin cotton yarn, 
 phang ceh; spin and splice threads, khue phang 
 bo hd se ; urgent spinning makes bad yarn. 
 
 tt^ phang 180 Fat and hearty. 
 
 /jl 659 6 ciah kau no k^i kih-kau 
 
 phang-phang; has grown very fat in the cheeks. 
 
 ^gffi phang 145 A loop to hold a button. 
 •p^^ 654 19 bue ceng cai nia-phang; 
 bavo not yet sewed on the loops for the buttons, 
 kho-thiii phang ; the loops on legging. 
 
 phang 109 To glance at. 
 654 4 lia phang-mo" i lai ; I am 
 looking for his coming. lu ho kii-phang i ; 
 
 you should look after him. 
 
 phang 50 A sail ; a tent ; an awning. 
 126 3 cun phang ; the sails of a 
 boat. ph9,ng cun; sailing vessels, thau phang; 
 the fore sail, toa phang; the main sail, bue 
 phang ; the mizzen sail. ti-tiang-si cia° ai" 
 
 lang phang ? When are you going to set sail ? 
 tXj° phang; to hoist sail. kiie phang; to 
 
 shift a sail. ci ciah cun kai phang-chieh goh- 
 lo 16ng-c6ng ho ; the sails and rigging of this 
 boat are all ready. cia p6-phang ; screen by 
 an awning, pha p6-phang ; spread an awning, 
 cek phang huang cu sai kau hu ko khu ; we 
 can sail there at one tack. huang toa, phang 
 mai" liu khah kui°; there is a high wind do not 
 Bet too much sail. tng phang ; to tack. loh 
 phang ; take in sail, phang heh ke ce ; short- 
 en sail a little. toa phang toa chieh sai lai 
 me°; large sails give speed in sailing. sai 
 ph&ng; to sail. phang kauh khi; roll up a 
 Bail. phang lio-soh, tieh cai kwn ; you must 
 look out for the line by which the sail is man- 
 aged, hu-tiap phang; lugger sails. phang 
 ha cie no kai ; draw up the sail so as to lessen 
 it by two sections, phang than; the wide end 
 of a sail. 
 
 phang 118 Mats made by interlacing 
 
 661 11 bamboo leaves between 
 
 splints, to serve as a roof, awning or partition. 
 phS,ng lio; an attap hut. kham-phang; a mat 
 used as a cover, tah phang; set up a mat as an 
 awning, cia phang ; shelter with a mat. keh 
 phang; partition off with a mat. cun phang; a 
 boat cover, nge phang; a mat that is too stiff 
 to be rolled up. nng phang ; a flexible mat. 
 
 pining 70 Lateral ; the side ; by the 
 658 6 side of. 
 ceng nftng co to h'ang phang ; the people sat 
 on either side. khia t6 cek phang ta" ue ; 
 
 stood at one side talking, p^ng tS phftng-pi"; 
 set it down by the side of it. i phang-pi" kS,i 
 nang b6 hu-co i ; those of his party do not 
 support him. phang-jin ; the bystanders, 
 
 phang jiak h^ nang ; as if there was no ono 
 near ; no lookers on. siu chfu, phang kwn, hd 
 khu km i ; sleeved his hands, and stood aside 
 looking on, giving him no help, phang-kwn- 
 cia tia"; the looker on is most clear-headed, 
 chong phang chah jip ; forced in from the side; 
 a side issue. 
 
 phang-khuang 
 
 478 
 
 The bladder. 
 
 phang 196 A monstrous bii'd, like 
 |"J 661 8 the roc of Arabian story ; 
 the Chinese fable that it was transformed from 
 the leviathan. 
 
 toa phang-cio u jieh toa ciah ? How large is 
 the roc ? 
 
 >4i^ phang 120 A crack ; chink ; a cleft ; 
 r^t 158 11 a fissure, 
 chie" pit phang lio; the wall has cracked, 
 pit cue phang; to split so as to show a fissure, 
 lau kai phang; has a chink in it. se" phang; 
 has cracks in it. bo phang ho cng jip khu ; 
 
 no crevice by which one can squeeze in. cp 
 
 kau thoi" rn chut u phang ; made so that no 
 cracks can be discovered, u cue hun phang i 
 cu cai ; if there is a flaw in it, he will know, 
 lang phang ; leave a ci'cvice. bue IS soih khi 
 phang ; not enough to fill the chinks between 
 his teeth. phang tieh cang cua ko mi", cia" 
 boi lang huang ; must paste paper over the 
 cracks, then the wind cannot blow in. fam 
 mng phang ; peep through the cracks in the 
 door, lang-lang phang-phang ; full of cracks, 
 i kai chiu phang khuah ; his fingers are far 
 apart ; he lets things slip through his fingers 
 easily. 
 
 1^^ phang-ciang Obese ; bloated ; dis- 
 i4/ 662 tended ; swollen ; 
 
 puffed out. 
 
 — phau — 
 SL phau 30 To twirl on the end of a 
 rp 886 3 string. 
 
 phaii to-kau ; to carry earth-beetles about, 
 suspended on a string, as do those who fight 
 them, hai i khu phau to-kau ; caused him to 
 go and hang himself. 
 
 « 
 
448 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 ^Ij 
 
 plmu 64 To abandon ; to cast off. 
 666 T phau chi li c<i ; abandon 
 wife and cliildren. pliau-klii i k^i ke, kliii cp 
 hiie-sie"; abandoned his family and became a 
 priest. 
 
 pbau 18 A spoke-sliave ; to sbave. 
 
 G65 6 phau tlo suai" phAo ; shave 
 off the rind of a mango. 8uai''-phau ; a knife 
 used in paring mangoes. chiu kue phau ; a 
 
 shave used to pare autumn squashes. 
 
 phau 157 To run ; to gallop ; to 
 
 667 5 hasten. 
 
 phau be ; to race horses. phdu-cdn ; to run 
 
 fast. phau biin-cu ; to send a dispatch post- 
 haste, phau kia°-che ; a Pekinese messenger, 
 oi phau 6i cdu ; can canter around. 
 
 phau 112 A cannon ; large guns. 
 
 667 6 khui toa phau ; fire a gieit 
 
 gun. pang phau ; fire off cannon. phau-cf; 
 cannon ball, phau-ke; gun-carriage. phau- 
 th&i ; a fort. phau-ngan ; the touch-hole, 
 
 ph^n hfang; the cannon roars, liwt ho phau; 
 fire a signal gun. phku-siu ; a gunner, pang 
 pbku ngeng-cih ; fire a salute. phau-tui ; a 
 company of artillery. 
 
 V'frl P^^*^ §^ To steep in hot water. 
 • ufi ^^7 5 phiiu choh te; steep some 
 tea. cang kun ciii \&i phku i nng ; steep it in 
 hot water till it is soft. phau nek-chp-thng 
 l&i tho png ; make some broth to rinse down 
 the rice. 
 
 phau 86 To wrap in clay and roast. 
 667 5 phau-ci ; to mix, as medi- 
 cines ; to compound, as remedies ; to temper, 
 as condiments. 
 
 HC^ 666 5 
 
 To roar, to bluster, to rage. 
 
 ceng n&ng ph&u-hau, jwn 
 Jiang ; all the people clamored, and screamed 
 at random. ceng nfing thia" tioh cu ph&u- 
 
 hau ; when they all heard it they became 
 fui'ious. 
 
 phS,u 20 A musical instrument made 
 667 9 from a calabash, 
 kim, cieh, si, tek, phau, tho, kek, bak, k\e-c6 
 poih im ; the eight musical tones are the 
 sounds made by instruments of metal, of stone, 
 stringed instruments, pipes, instruments made 
 from clay, from leather, and from wood. 
 
 phau 146 A long robe. 
 
 667 5 cheng leng phau ; wear a 
 robe with a dragon embroidered on it. so 
 
 phau ; a plain robe. mdng ph&u ; an em- 
 
 l|lfl t^ 
 
 broidered robe. phuo ph(ia ; a fur mantle, 
 
 cien phau; a warrior's robe. phau Ihau si- 
 
 khui to hak u ; has long and short robes for 
 all the four seasons. 
 
 "jt^ phSu 64 To feel; to have in the 
 ^l2( 66lj 6 heart; to adhere, 
 phau put phSi)g; ready for a quarrel. ci k&i 
 iikng phftu hu cXi ; this is a remarkably clever 
 man. cf kla" su lia sit c&i ph&u hHin ; this is 
 something that 1 deeply i-egret. phSu hfiu 
 
 Cong sin ; I can never forgive it. 
 
 — phe — 
 60 A kerchief; a veil ; a stomacher; 
 T to gather up, as in an apron. 
 
 chfu ph6; a handkerchief. cia mftng-phe ; 
 
 wear a veil. 16 phe ; a lace veil. cang sa°- 
 ph6 Ifii phe; gather them up in the skirt of 
 your tunic. pak kai Aug t6-ph6; wore a red 
 stomacher. 
 
 .^ phe 145 Long robes. 
 'I 361 4 cheug k&i sa", Ing-phc-phe ; 
 wore a very long tunic. 
 
 — phe" — 
 
 Tjx P^^" y Even ; uniform. 
 
 I " 701 2 phe" sia"; the even tones, 
 cle" ph6', S ph6'; the high even and the low 
 even tones. si phe" ira a si ceh im ? Is it an 
 even tone or is it one of the other three tones ? 
 
 — pheh — 
 
 jS^ phfih 64 To flap ; to flit. 
 J^^ 710 12 pheh sit ; to clap the wings, 
 teiig khut lah pheh kiie khu ; the lamp was put 
 out by a moth's flapping its wings. koi-ang 
 pheh sit lio cu thi ; the cock claps its wings 
 and crows. kai pit-po pheh tiie thau-khak 
 
 teng kiie ; a bat flitted past above their heads. 
 
 — phek — 
 phek 169 To develop, as nature does; 
 
 694 13 to open up ; to disclose, 
 ti-hng khai-phek ; an open country. gua tia" 
 khui-phek cai ; the outer court is broad and 
 airy. tl-lie° khui-khui phek-phek ; a wide 
 
 open plain. i kai mng lo m khui-phek, khali 
 ak-sak ; his way is not plain, he is too much 
 hedged in. i k&i sim-heng khai-phek loi oih- 
 Boi ; his mind is liberal, not narrow. 
 
 phek 194 The animal soul, that goes 
 ^ __ 711 5 earthward at death and 
 forms the ghost ; the faculties, the senses, the 
 animal spirits. 
 
 loh phek; spiritless, disheartened, kia" kau i 
 bo hun bo phek ; frightened out of his wits, i 
 
DICTIONARY 01 THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 449 
 
 LoTig-ells, a kind of 
 
 woolen cloth, phek-ki 
 
 long- ells is cheaper than 
 
 c§ th6i" Hell Lun pne, pLek sua"; as Boon as she 
 saw it she lost all presence of mind, sam hUn 
 chit phek ; the three souls and seven spirits 
 of man. 
 
 phek-lek A sudden, loud noise. 
 694 thia"-ki° cek sia" phek- 
 
 lek ; heard a crash. i kai nang phek-lek cSi ; 
 he is a very boisterous person. i kai sia°- 
 
 tu, jn tang phek-lek ; his voice sounds like 
 thunder. 
 
 ^x m ''it' 
 
 io phi", ni fo kui ; 
 broadcloth. 
 
 — pheng — 
 JF^ pheng 86 To boil ; to decoct for food. 
 4)f\\ 660 7 i mia°-ke pheng-thio chai- 
 bu ; she is skillful in concocting food. i l&i 
 
 chi'a" kai thiap si Fia " pheng meng hau ka"; 
 his card of invitation said, " the tea is made 
 and yve await your instructions." pheng 
 
 lien ; to seethe as glue ; to decoct, as medicines 
 
 ■y^ pheng 64 To reject; to lightly regard. 
 Xn 124 5 ai° kio i pheng mia"; will 
 stake his life against hers. i iio roia° cu ai" 
 kio i pheng khu ; will risk her life in opposi- 
 tion to him. 
 
 ifjL pheng 128 
 H^ 702 7 
 
 To ask ; to inquire ; to send 
 messengers to an equal to 
 make inquiries ; to invite or negotiate, with a 
 present. 
 
 ph^ng chi'a" i l&i; invite him to come, pheng- 
 chia° hien-jin ; engage a teacher, lia ai" pheng 
 i lai ua kp, pheng i ni kheng l&i ; I wished to 
 get him to come to my house, but he would 
 not come, ka-ki chin-sin khu pheng i sa" tng 
 eia" kheng lai ; went myself and asked him 
 three times before he would come. 
 
 ^K pheng 149 To discuss the merits of ; 
 Pi 701 6 to settle the order of; to 
 
 arrange ; to criticise a writing ; to revise and 
 edit ; to deliberate and weigh. pheng-lun ci 
 kai nang ; discuss this person's characteristics, 
 co-ni ph6i°-pheng ? What arrangement have 
 you decided upon in regard to it ? It5 pheng- 
 thoi" ti kai h(5 ; consider which one is the best, 
 khut 6i hue phSng ce ; let fhose who are com- 
 petent revise it. pfn pheng ; to estimate the 
 merits of. 
 
 |/|X phgng 51 Even; equal; just; equable; 
 
 I 701 2 common, ordinary ; peace- 
 
 ful, undisturbed ; to subdue, to tranquilize. 
 thi" e thai pheng ; the whole empire is tranquil. 
 
 c6 BU kong-ph§ng ; act justly. sim l&i hua- 
 pheng ; a mind at peace. khieh loh thien- 
 
 ph§ng khu pheng ; put it in the balances and 
 weigh it. ph^ng ti khf huang-pp ; raise a 
 
 needless disturbance. pheng jit ; daily ; com- 
 monly. si pheng-sie"-n&ng ; is a commoner. 
 ph6ng-8u ; heretofore ; ordinarily. phdng-s! ; 
 hitherto. pheng min ; the common people, 
 
 nfa pia" khu pheng chak ; raise troops and 
 quell the insurgents, khii kku, chak cO phdng; 
 on arriving, the insurgents were pacified. i 
 pheng-peh b6 kii me" lia ; he scolded me with- 
 out the least reason, chng-khau i"-keng ph^ng- 
 h6k Ho ; the sore is already healed. pheng- 
 ang ; peace. kau sua" chu khut, ph6ng-iang 
 chii tut ; in the high mountains choose a glen, 
 in the open country choose an eminence. i 
 
 hau" thbi n^ng ui put pheng ; he likes to take 
 the part of the injured. se"-ph§ng; habit- 
 
 ually, thoi" tieh pheng-pheng, bp khi ; it 
 
 appears just as usual, there is nothing strange 
 about it. 16 pheng ; the road is safe. 
 
 ph§ng 74 A friend, a companion, a 
 661 4 peer, an equal, one of the 
 same views or school, 
 pheng-iu ; a male friend. i kio lia si ph6ng- 
 in ; he is my friend. ci k&i si tang theng 
 
 kai pheng-iu ; these are fellow students who 
 studied by the light from the same window, 
 ti ki kai ho pheng ; an intimate friend. cai 
 
 sim kai pheng-iu ; a companion who knows 
 one's mind. sa" phSng, b\ lu ; a coterie of 
 
 friends. 
 
 m 
 
 BM^'tr' 
 
 Natural borax, brought 
 from Thibet. 
 
 4rff phi 64 
 iJX. 678 6 
 
 — phi — 
 
 To open, to spread, to unroll ; 
 
 to break, as clouds ; to un. 
 cover ; to rive ; to throw on, as a cloak, 
 phi-khui lS.i thoi"; open it out and see. sin 
 teng phi kai cang-sui ; throw on a rain- 
 cloak, chng-kun i°-phi thang-thang sin ; the 
 table-valances and chair-covers were span new. 
 chwn sin phi kiia ; completely cloaked. i phi 
 hwt, ciang kiam, ip cp huap ; he, with un- 
 braided hair and brandished sword, was reci- 
 ting incanlations. i co Ip iang kie teng, cheng 
 kiia phi-koi", ti kua ciak-teng ; he sat in an 
 open sedan chair, wearing a graduate's wide 
 cape, and a pointed hat with a peculiar 
 button, ci kai sin min teng si sfa m6ng n§,ng 
 gek phi ; the directions on the outside of this 
 letter are that a certain person is to open it. 
 cia si phi kua" leh ta" k^i tie ; this is unfolding 
 my inmost thoughts to you. 
 
450 
 
 DICTIONIRT OF THI 8W1T0W DIAtlCT. 
 
 phi 82 The wings spread. 
 
 672 8 i k&i sit phi-phi; with its 
 
 wings outstretched and motionless. i t6 poe 
 to si sit phi-phi, m si t<5 phSh; when it is flying 
 its wings are spread wide, but it does not 
 flap them. sit c5 phi, Q c!a° Hah khuah } 
 
 when its wings are spread, thej are about a 
 span across. 
 
 r^ phi 27 The operculum of a snail, or 
 'tf4 1088 17 other spiral univalve. 
 k\° 16 cQ a phi ; all spiral univalves ever seen 
 have an operculum. 
 
 ^3S P^' ?? Closed, obstructed, which is the 
 I-) 141 4 meaning of the 12th diagram, 
 cla si i kai ji un kuai-phi; this is having his 
 luck against him. khng-k6i i mki" hwn-ld: 
 
 phi ce kek, thai cu lui ; exhort him not to be 
 down-hearted : when adversity has reached its 
 utmost bounds, prosperity will come. 
 
 .^1^ phi 168 To despise ; to disesteem. 
 |fi|P 674 11 cl kfti nftng khd-phl; he is 
 despicable. i th6i°-phl i; he looks upon her 
 with contempt. td lia kfti phl-i si cie°-se" 
 
 sie"; cie lia k&i phl-kien l&i th6i" li si c\e".8e"; 
 according to my humble opinion it is thus. i 
 slm si phi i ; she perfectly despises him. 
 
 p^ phi 104 A stoppage or constipation. 
 681 7 phl-khi; constipation, phi 
 cek ; indigestion. cl ie" ieh Si khi tio heng 
 tang k&i phl-kd ; this medicine will remove 
 the swelling arising from obstructed bowels. 
 
 phi 104 A scab. 
 
 351 6 kit phi ; to form a scab, phi 
 m-hd peh tlo, tieh tang i ka-kl lut j you must 
 not pick o£E the scab, but must wait till it falls 
 off of itself. i cong-kd ie°-ie°, boi kit phi ; it 
 always remains raw, and never scabs over. i 
 kai phi kit llo tau thia"; after the scab is 
 formed, it aches from the pressure. 
 
 ^^ phi 149 To compare, to illustrate ; a 
 "^^f 681 13 simile; a parable; if, suppose, 
 cia si phi-ju kai ue ; this is used as an illastra- 
 tion. cang sim-mueh lai phi-ju i ? To what 
 may it be compared ? phi-ju i ia-sl m cdng 
 l&i li co-ni ne ? Supposing that he has not 
 arrived, then what ? phi-ju cp moug m^eh 
 
 kbap-chiet cS,i ; to take that as an illustration 
 would suit exactly, cieh l^i cp phi-ju; borrow 
 as an illustration, phi-ju cp ciah cun ; take a 
 boat for an example. cie''-se° phi-ju lai 
 
 hwu boi sio-sin ; the comparison is not in all 
 respects true. 
 
 ph^ 88 A favorite; a parasite; partial to. 
 
 675 18 phi-chiap; a favorite concubine, 
 i u ka-a phi chin ; he has several favored 
 courtiers. 
 
 ||ju pbi 68 To shelter, to cover, to pro- 
 /MJ 677 4 tect; affording shade, 
 phi-im ; to shelter, to countenance, to give 
 protection to. i cek uAng ce 6i, cQ phl-im kaa 
 thong c6k ; he singly being somewhat powerful, 
 affords protection to the whole clan. si i t<5 
 pau-phi; it is he who upholds him. i cek 
 
 nftng chut Ifti cQ pan-phi kau ceng n&ng bo su ; 
 he comes forth singly and furnishes such de- 
 fense in himself, that all the others are free 
 from trouble about it. 
 
 phi 104 Lassitude ; fatigae. 
 
 680 5 phi-khun; spiritless, languid, 
 cl hue kfii n&ng phl-kwn ; am now very weary, 
 i k&i ceng-stu hd c&i, ciu-jit bdi phi ; he has 
 great stamina, and does not flag during the 
 whole day. phl-tOa"; jaded. n&ng phi, b^ 
 hek; the men were weary and the horses fagged 
 out. cl kui k&i che-htah slm si phl-ngwn; these 
 constables are very remiss in the discharge 
 of their duty. cie"-si k&i hiang lo phi ; of late 
 the custom-house duties are slow in coming in. 
 
 phi 124 To fly about ; to flutter. 
 
 690 9 phi-phl-pue; to flutter, chdi 
 hue k&i bdi-lah phl-phi-pue ; the butterfly flits 
 among the flowers. huang c5 than ki cii phi- 
 phi-pue { as soon as the wind rises the flags 
 flutter. 
 
 ri^ phi 107 Furs. 
 
 JJ^ 679 phi-rgdu phi-chdu; fur goods; 
 furs made up into garments, and in the pelts. 
 i chgng kau c§k sin phi-ngau phi-chan, c6-ni 
 6i chin ; he is dressed completely in furs, how 
 can he be cold. 
 
 phi 130 The temper ; whims. 
 
 680 8 i kai phl-khi m-h<5 cSi ; her 
 temper is very bad. i k^i phl-khi hau° eng 
 
 pd pi kai ieh ; it is his fancy to use medicines 
 that act on the spleen. kSi nftng to u kai phl- 
 khi ; most persons have some idiosyncrasy. i 
 bp phi b6 khi, sdng-khiiai cSi ; he has no pecu- 
 liar whims, and is very easy to get along with. 
 
 _ phi" _ 
 
 phi" 9 Selfish ; biased, partial ; in- 
 689 9 clined to one side, 
 bp su-phi"; has no selfish end in view. b6 phi" 
 bp ngui ; candid, without favoritism or guile, 
 i a° phi"; he showed partiality when interfering 
 to separate the combatants. u phi"; partial. 
 
 m 
 
DICTIONARY OF tHE SWATOW DIAtKCTi 
 
 451 
 
 The leaf of a door, and hence 
 used as a classifier of shutters 
 
 phi" 63 
 
 758 6 
 and vrindows. 
 
 nS plii" mag kue" mi'-mi"; shut both leaves 
 of the door tightly. ci ktii phi" slam-mng 
 
 CO jieh coi ci° ? How much did you pay for 
 these folding doors ? 
 
 phi" 209 The nose. 
 
 677 i kai phi° song-sbng; he 
 has a very prominent nose, phi" toa li p6 mS,k 
 thap ; the size of the noso makes up for the 
 hollo wness of the eyes. gu phi" tli tleh ch&k 
 chiu ; the ox laid his nose against the thief's 
 hand and followed him off. phi" kati-kau ; a 
 hooked nose. . phi''-leng-kut lai-lai 5 a thin 
 nose. phi" ciam-ciam ; a sharp nose. phi" 
 bih-bih ; a flat nose. phi" chiia ; a crooked 
 
 nose. phi°-nie ; the ridge of the nose. phi"- 
 khang ; phi°-khang-kng ; the nostrils. phi"- 
 sai ; macous from the nose. phi" ua"; bridge 
 of the nose. phi" ciin ; the end of the nose. 
 ciah phi°-hun ; hngk phi" hun ; to take snuff, 
 sang phi"; blow the nose, hngk phi"; expel or 
 inhale the air forcibly through the nose. da, 
 cu si hi.p§"-teng kai ue-pSh-phi" kai ; this is 
 the buffoon in the theatre (and has his nose 
 painted white). liai phi".khang mo°; scrape 
 the hair from the nostrils, thap phi"; without 
 a nose, phi" sak; the nose stopped up; snuffles, 
 ehiii hap bua, caug phi°-khang thau-khiai; shut 
 your mouth and breathe through your nose. 
 
 phi" 30 To smell ; to scent. 
 
 211 10 phi" tieh ; smelled. phi" 
 
 thoi" h(5 a m-h(5 ; smell it and see whether it 
 is good. phi" tieh ch^u ; smelled a bad odor, 
 phi" tieh phang c3,i ; smelled very fi-agrant. i 
 hfio'-hn.o' to phi" tit kau ; he can smell at a 
 
 fin 1"^ 
 
 great distance. ua phi m tieh, 1 co-ni cu 
 
 phi°-ki" ? I cannot smell it, how is it that he 
 can ? phi" tieh kong-kong phang; smells very 
 odorous. phi" m chut ; cannot discover by 
 the sense of smell, jieh hng to phi"-ki°; scents 
 it from afar, ce phi" tieh cu hin ; if you smell 
 it, it will make you dizzy. 
 
 phi"-hiu" A ferocious beast fabled 
 211 to devour tigers ; the 
 term is applied to a valiant general. 
 — phia" — 
 phia" 64 To fling or throw down with 
 6Q6 4 force. 
 i ce khi khieh khi lai cu phia" tio ; when angry 
 he took it up and flung it down and broke it. 
 phia" loll khu chap-tbap-chui ; dashed it down 
 and broke it in little pieces. phia" kau hng- 
 hfig ko khu ; flung it far away. 
 
 phia" 130 The flanks, the sides; the 
 195 6 space below the arms. 
 phia°-li kutj ribs. phia"n§k; fu kai phia" 
 n§k ; a side of pork. phia°-li thia"; a pain in 
 the side. 
 
 m 
 
 phia" 128 A dower ; a portion J the 
 702 7 betrothal presents. 
 phia°.kim jieh c6i ? How much is paid by the 
 groom's father to the bride's parents ? ngf 
 
 tia", no ko phia"; it is fixed at twice ten taels. 
 sang phxa" a btie ? Are the betrothal gifts pre- 
 sented yet ? bo tham i kai kftu phia"; do not 
 covet a large dower. 
 
 J.7[\ phia" 32 A flat ; a level area. 
 4* I 701 5 hai phia"; flats, covered at 
 high tide with salt water. thiia hai phia"; 
 
 fill in the salt meadows ; made land on the sea- 
 shore, sua" phia"; a plateau. 
 
 if 
 
 phia" 32 A classifier of jobs. 
 680 8 phia" su, long-cong pkng tia 
 sin teng ; leave the whole affair to me. ci cdk 
 phia" long-cong ai° i li, b6 kiie i kang-khd; 
 wants him to attend to the whole job, and 
 has no regard to the hardship he undergoes. 
 
 — phiah — 
 
 phiah 104 A propensity; partiality ; 
 694 13 a whim or prejudice, 
 kak nang kak n^ng ii cek kai phiah p8"; each 
 has some unsatisfied desire. i kai se" phiah ; 
 his disposition is morbid. co su mai" cip 
 
 phiah ; do not act from private prejudice. i 
 kai phiah pe" m-ho ; he has vicious propen- 
 sities, i kai se"-uhSng kuai-phiah ; he has a 
 suspicious disposition. ci ie" leh hd ti th3.m 
 phiah ; this medicine corrects the desire to 
 expectorate constantly. 
 
 phiah _9^ Secluded, private ; mean, 
 694 13 lowlive, base, 
 phiah-ce" kai ti-hng ; a secluded spot, phiah- 
 phiah siah-siah kai hang ; an unfrequented 
 lane, phiah-siah kili !eh, h^ng eng ; a remedy 
 little known and seldom used. sia-phiah ; 
 
 depraved, phiah-16 ; untaught. 
 
 phiah ^ Private ; disused. 
 694 13 Riam-phiah kai ti-hng ; a 
 neglected, unfrequented spot, khah phiah k4i 
 ieh, ci'e uang pat; a medicine very seldom used, 
 and few people know what it is. 
 
 — phiak — 
 phiak 64 To whisk sidewise ; to flop. 
 887 ~8~ khut i kai biie ce phiak, 
 nang cu puah loh khu ; one blow from his tail 
 
452 
 
 DICTIONARY OP THE BWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 vronld knock a person down. b<'e pliiak- 
 
 phiak-kie, td jlo h6-Bin ; he keeps whisking his 
 tail to drive away the flies. 
 
 — phie — 
 '|lt| phie 113 A warrant ; a samraons ; an 
 >pqp> 684 6 evidence of authority, 
 chut phie; issue an oflBcial summons. che 
 
 phie ; a policeman's warrant, toa p&i t6a phio 
 khu liah nang; take warrants aid arrest people. 
 b6 pai b6 phie ; destitute of any evidence of 
 authority. leng-ua° tng tie" phie ; to renew a 
 warrant. nglara lo-phie ; examine a pass 
 
 permitting one to cross the lines. hQ sin k&i 
 15-phie ; a passport. 
 
 "i^ phie 140 The tender blade of herbs. 
 |d4 691 5 chftng phie li hp, m c&i Su- 
 
 lai kak kiie cSi-se" ? The young grain is in fine 
 condition, but we do not know how it will be 
 when it hereafter comes to head up. 
 
 ^^1^ phie 140 Duckweed. 
 %-Jr 701 8 ti t^ng kfii phio ; the duck- 
 weed which covers the pool. ko choh phie 
 lai khut i ciah ; gather some duckweed and 
 feed him. b6 kun, cui lAu phie ; a rootless, 
 drifting weed; a homeless vagabond. i kfti 
 n&ng CO su phii-ph!e ; he does things in a 
 desultory fashion. 
 
 ■1^ phie 196 The air-bladder of fishes, 
 "Tfi 684 11 from which glue is made. 
 h\i phie ; fish bladders. 
 
 — phien — 
 
 phien 9 Selfish ; partial ; addicted to ; 
 689 9 bent on ; at or by the side; in 
 polite language, by your help, as if the speaker 
 was at the other's side, like a companion, 
 i b6 phien-su ; he has no private ends in view, 
 bo phien sim ; has no feeling of partiality. i 
 phien ^i-sieh soi kai ; she is unduly partial to 
 the youngest one. cia si i kai phien-p&ng svi 
 phut k&i ; this one was born of his concubine, 
 bo phien bo ngui ; without favoritism or guile, 
 soi" phien lio ; I have already eaten. sii- 
 
 ce, cia khah u phien ; excuse me, with your 
 leave I will eat. i cp cia°, i cp phien ; the 
 
 one acts fairly, the other selfishly. phien- 
 
 phien m i lu ; indeed I cannot agree with 
 you. phien to c§k poi"; inclines to one side, 
 i phien ai" c]e"-se"; he wants it so. cfa 
 
 si phien-phiah kai lo ; this is a private road. 
 cie''-se° kai tp-lf sng si phien, hwn iTi chwn ; 
 this reasoning is one sided, and not wholly 
 candid. 
 
 phien 157 To walk lamely, as from 
 690 9 weak ankles, 
 i 8i kia" khu phien-phien ne ; he totters along, 
 i pi kha se° lai phien-phien ; he is naturally 
 very weak in his legs. 
 
 phien 118 A page or section ; a leaf 
 690 9 of a book, 
 ci phien cu il jieh tng? How long is this sec- 
 tion ? ta" kau cdk chlang phien ; gave a long, 
 minute description, cek png cu jieh coi phien? 
 How many leaves are there in one volume ? i 
 c6k jit CO tl ku-a phien bun-cie°; in one day he 
 writes several pages of an essay, hien kuo nS 
 phien ; turn over two leaves. 
 
 ^P> pliien 120 To arrange, to compose. 
 ^pflfl 687 9' i si c6 hang-lim-l" phien- 
 siu ; he is a reviser of books in the National 
 Academy, i phien t5 tOi" kiii ho ? Under what 
 mark is it ranged ? ji-hp soi" khii phien chA- 
 sQ; first arrange the labels in their order in the 
 series, chft-stt f-keng phien tla"-tieh ho ; the 
 order is already arranged, i phien tQ tl-kai Qi- 
 chi c6 ? Which is the seat that he is to sit in ? 
 
 phien 124 To fly about; to flatter. 
 690 U pue khu phien-phien ng ; 
 fly liither and thither; to flutter about. 
 
 phien 18 To slice off, to cut in thin 
 
 6S0 9 flakes, 
 phien p6li-p6h ; shave it up in very thin slices, 
 phien t6a hue cS; slice it up in broader slices, 
 phien khah kSa cu jOn-jun ; if you slice it too 
 thick it will be tough. 
 
 K^ phien 91 Anything thin and small, 
 /§ 690 as a leaf, flake, strip, bit, 
 chip or slip ; a classifier of plots of land, spaces 
 of time, pieces of paper, and petals of flowers ; 
 a half ; a section ; to divide ; to slice ; a state- 
 ment, a paper. 
 
 c^k phien ciia ; a slip of paper. cek phien k^ 
 lie ; it is all false. kuah kai mia"-phien-in, hd 
 lS.i khap toa°-phxen; engrave a stamp for stamp- 
 ing the name on visiting cards. pia°-phien ; 
 baroos camphor. k6ih phien kai cau-cie"; a 
 
 memorial, with a supplement folded within it. 
 ai" c6ih cp jieh coi phien ? How many slices do 
 you want it cut into ? phien cp pph phien ; 
 
 slice it into thin flakes, phien cp no poi"; slice 
 it down through the middle, ang peh phien ; 
 thin slices of lean and fat pork in alternate 
 layers. chun bo phien-kia"-ni ; have scarcely 
 a bit left. ieh phien ; drugs in thin shavings, 
 i si cek phien hp i ; he has a good idea. cu- 
 phien; seed-pearls, cek phien khang tl; a strip 
 of vacant land. kie°-phien j sliced ginger root. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 453 
 
 To take an unfair advan- 
 tage ; to cheat, to deceive, 
 
 phion 187 
 
 »njwni <59i 9 
 
 to doludo, to lie. 
 lia bo phieii lu kai ; I am not deceiving you in 
 regard to it. kliufc i pliion klm ; was cheated 
 by him. u phien a bo ? Is there any imposi- 
 tion about it ? kuang.phien; to befool, phien- 
 kek ; a plan for swindling. khi-phion ; to 
 
 cheat out of ; to impose upon. 
 
 Tm? P^ii^^'i ^1 The carpels of oranges and 
 J(WT 652 14 similar fruits, 
 peh no phien ka"; took off two sections from 
 the orange. peh phien iu pun i ; broke off a 
 section of the pumelo and gave it to her. sng 
 phien ; the scales from a bulb of garlic. 
 
 — phin — 
 
 7|LU phin-sng The red sulphuret of 
 [tXli 679 arsenic, 
 t^k kue phin-sng; more poisonous than arsenic. 
 
 Pl phi'n 30 Series, rank, grade, order. 
 
 PM 697 "6 ke phfn ; of a low grade, 
 hia phi'n ; mean ; of low rank, kek phin ; the 
 highest rank. tng chio it phin ; holds the 
 
 highest rank under government. 
 
 phin 154 To censure ; to disparage ; 
 
 688 5 to dismiss ; to cashier. 
 i pi phin tng khu ; he was cashiered and sent 
 home. phin chut lai cq ti-kui"; degraded in 
 ofl&ce and transferred to a district-magistracy, 
 phin loh ne-keng ; dismissed to the palace for 
 discarded concubines. 
 
 phin 44 A self-supporting, upright 
 702 8 screen, 
 phin tie"; the cloth or paper covering a screen, 
 tia to kau-i" phin ko ; leaning on the back of a 
 chair, pai cek hu ce-kang, kia^-phin ; set out 
 a pair of ornaments consisting of a vase and a 
 pier-glass. ui phin ; enclose with a folding 
 screen, phin-siam ; removable, folding doors, 
 pak kai ie-phin ; tie on a loin-cloth. chia° 
 
 naug CO ko phin bun ; invite some one to com- 
 pose stanzas, suitable to write on a screen. 
 
 S! pHn 
 P^ 395 
 
 64 To impinge; to throw against 
 
 13 and hit. 
 i kai tang-kia" ai" khu phin i kai o-kng ; the 
 little thin pickle pot is going to cast itself 
 against the big black water-jar. phin ciii-ni ; 
 to skip stones along the surface of the water, 
 khi khi lai cO kai i phin phin tio ; if he gets 
 wrathy he will dash himself upon it and smash 
 it in pieces. khieh ko cng-ko khu phin i ; 
 
 took a brickbat, and hit him with it. cia si 
 
 cang ling khu phin cieh-thau ; this is pitting 
 an egg against a stone. 
 
 phin 75 A fragrant fruit, the Stercu- 
 697 16 Ha halangas. 
 phin kuai"; the apple is sometimes thus called. 
 
 phin 154 Poor; destitute; impoverished. 
 
 697 4 phin-khlong using ; poor peo- 
 ple, kun-cii kai nftng ua° phin ; the princely 
 man is content even in poverty, ke phin, chin 
 l5u ; poor, and with aged parents. phin-cua° 
 cu kau put khp buang; those who were our 
 companions when we were in poverty, should 
 not be forgotten. cek phin ju soi ; destitute 
 as if everything had been washed away. 
 
 — phio — 
 T^^ phio 75 The signal flag or banner 
 i^S\ 681 11 used as a marking flag ; the 
 tiuups under one banner ; a corps ; a sign- 
 board ; a ticket or card ; a warrant ; to make a 
 signal ; to put up a notice ; to inscribe, 
 lia th6i"-ki" i kai phio-thfiu ; I saw the notice 
 that he had put up. i kai ieh-phio co-ni 
 
 ta" ? What does the advertisement, stuck up to 
 lead people to buy his medicine, say about it ? 
 put-Iun boi sim-mueh to chut u phio; whatever 
 sort of thing is sold, there is the shop-mark 
 set upon it. i se" lai phio-ti ; she is very 
 
 pretty. i phio e ii jieh coi ia° ? How many 
 brigades are there under that flag. i .si co 
 
 tok-phio kai kua" a co bii-phio kai kua°? Is he 
 a governor or a lieutenant governor ? ci k&i 
 si to tin-phio ko, hu kfii si to thi-phio ko ; this 
 one is with the brigadier-general, that one is 
 with the major-general, si i phio e kai pia°, 
 they are troops that belong under his banner' 
 
 phio 137 To sail ; to travel by water. 
 
 168 4 i si tui lai l6 khu a si phio 
 hai khu ? Did he go by land or by sea ? phio 
 hai io me" kau ; by going by sea he will arrive 
 sooner. 
 
 phio 182 Swayed by the wind. 
 7i^^*^ 683 11 khin-phio ; of no great 
 weight. i kai co pu khah khin-phio ; his 
 conduct is marked by too great levity, khieh 
 tieh khin-phio khin-phio ne ; take hold of it 
 very lightly indeed. 
 
 \j^ phio 85 To drift ; to float about. 
 \7S\ 683 11 to hai teng phio; drift about 
 at sea. si-chii phio-liu ; roam about every- 
 where, as a vagabond might. phio kue le"^; 
 roam abroad across the seas. 
 
 -jj® phio 38 Wanton ; lewd. 
 
 yK^ 683 11 i kai si toa phio kheh ; he is 
 
 one who spends much in lewdness. i m cH 
 
4,54, 
 
 DICTIONAKT OF THE 6WAT0W DIALBCT. 
 
 Hang cai, ip boi tlihng, la liau" phio ; he lacks 
 the power of self-restraint, earns nothing, and 
 and follows lewd women. hku° phio; lecherous. 
 
 — phit — 
 phit 28 To match, to mate, to pair ; 
 G95 2 a classifier of horses, because 
 
 they are so often spanned. 
 
 i si phit-phue c6 ang cfa ; tliey are an espoused 
 pair. bo n&ng \\6 phit-phue ; there is no one 
 for him to espouse. clu si phit hu phit hfi ia 
 6i cai ia 6i cp kai sti ; that is something that 
 common people may understand and do. toa* 
 pi" phit be cii ka° khi ; dare go quite by him- 
 self. la° l&i Q jieli coi be jphit ? How many 
 horses are there in the camp r 
 
 "TTj phit 108 A classiBer of pieces of cloth- 
 tCt 695 ~0~ c6k phit p6; a piece of cotton 
 goods, i kiam b6i tSu tng phit thtiu ; he like- 
 wise sells silks and satins in the piece. b6i 
 kdu phit ; buy the whole piece. 
 
 — phiu — 
 phiu 18 To wound slightly. 
 
 116 11 lu kku phiu phuo; slipped 
 and scraped off the cuticle. ])xiah kuu phiu 
 
 phue phiu kih ; fell and abraded the skin. 
 
 — pho — 
 j|d^ pho 1199 Bi-an. 
 
 y/\ 142 4 beh pho; wheat bran. Q 
 
 nfuig b6i pho khu chi tu ; some people buy 
 bran to feed hogs. 
 
 ^jhT pho 167 To spread out ; to arrange 
 ^rn 715 7 to lay in order ; bedding, 
 pho ti-p6i"; to lay a movable floor. tho-e pho 
 ci", kak chili ; spread a felt carpet on the floor, 
 pho-pang; bed boards, pho-pnng cp-ni b6 cliu 
 chau-chieh P Why did you not spread the 
 straw mat on the bed ? pho-tin ; bedding, 
 
 pho kai ; bed coverings, tang pho ; bed-fellow, 
 phah pho ; set up a bedstead. phah ke pho ; 
 make a bed on the floor, phah pho, tho-e min; 
 make a bed and sleep on the floor, khang-pho; 
 a settee. hun-pho ; an opium couch. pho-i°; 
 a sofa. pho-phiie ; a coverlet. pho-tie"; a 
 small mosquito bar. pho-thau, pho biie, pho 
 c6i°; the head, foot, and side of the bed. pho 
 kha ; under the bed. ai" pho cieh a m ? Is it 
 to be paved with stones ? pho ci'o-mo"; lay on 
 feathers in feather-work. mi" pho lS.i khah 
 
 poll ; the cotton is laid on too thinly. 
 
 =>Hfe pho 149 A list, a record, a chronicle, 
 P^ 712 13 a treatise, 
 cok-pho ; a clan register. siu cok-pho ; revise 
 the clan register, ki-pho ; a book of games of 
 
 chess. ue ph6 ; a treatise on drawing. ch<5 
 pho ; a treatise on short-hand writing. hue- 
 pho ; a book of embroidery patterns. ci kai 
 
 ue ta° lai bp pho ; what was said, was wholly 
 unreliable. i kfti Qe l.a" lai bo pho bp phph ; 
 what ho says is not substantiated by any evi- 
 dence, fle ph6 si cie°-se° ta"; that is a general 
 outline of the affair. lu ciip-liak ta" kai ph6 
 ua thia"; you give me a general account of it. 
 
 jUL. ph6 72 Throughout; everywhere; all. 
 ^ 716 8 pho thi'-S Q jieli c6i kok ? 
 How many countries are there in the whole 
 world ? ph6 t5 ; get souls out of torment. 
 
 ph6 km c^ng ndng ; saves all living men. ph6 
 c) ; rescue all. 
 
 ph6 82 A Chinese league, equal to 
 861 lu 3| English miles, 
 pho gua l6 ; over a league distant. cftp \i ui 
 cek ph6 ; ten Chinese miles make a league. 
 
 '^ifl r*^'^ — ^ shop, or workshop. 
 HtH 716 9 siu ph6; shut up shop. ph6 
 cii ; the owner of the shop. ph6 t(i ; the sliel- 
 ves. pho theng ; shop windows. pho co ; 
 shop rent. ]>h6-ph6 si hiie; the shops are full 
 of goods. nfu kai p6 ph6 t6 tl-kp ? Where is 
 your shop? hang pho; warehouses. i t<5 
 khui pho ; he keeps a shop, cf koi" si ISu pho; 
 this is the old stand. koi-th&u h^ng-bue kAi 
 pho-kia"; shops in obscure parts of the town, 
 pho-thau ; a large shop. khui ph6 ke ; shop- 
 men. tiam-ph6 ; an inn. sSng pue i kai pho 
 lai khui ; succeeds to his shop, with its fixtures 
 and good will. pho min ; shop front. pho 
 coi" lu tui chi ; the shop fronts on the market, 
 pho au thang ti-kp ? What does the back of 
 the shop open upon ? cek jit phah khui pho 
 ning tieh no kai ngun s-u-hui ; the running ex- 
 penses of the shop are two dollars per day. 
 kau-chai-pho ; a ship chandler's or comprador's 
 store. 
 
 A register ; a list ; a tablet ; 
 a memorandum book ; a 
 
 ^„ pho 118 
 iW 714 Is" 
 
 blank-book. 
 
 feio pho ; account book. cie" loh pho ; chie" 
 
 Iph pho ; teng loh pho ; set down in the regis- 
 ter, jit-cheng pho ; a day-book, diary or jour- 
 nal. liu-sui pho ; a blotter. nang mia" pho ; 
 list of names. cie pho sug-sio ; reckon it 
 
 according to the memorandum, chau kue pho; 
 transfer it from one account to another. pia° 
 kiie c6ng-pho ; transfer it to the ledger. i fi 
 pho ku a bp ? Has he any written proof to 
 show for it? khieh pho lai hek thoi"; bring 
 the books and make a careful examination. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 455 
 
 da pho sX CO kai ; tliese are cooked accounts. 
 chia ieng kliieh png wn-pho ; held in bis band 
 a book in which to take subscriptions for the 
 relief of Buddhist priests or for the repair of 
 temples, ham che-pho-kua" die tboi"; tell the 
 keeper of the records in the land of shades to 
 examine the records and see. kin-ni si ti- 
 
 liang cip pho? Who keeps the accounts this 
 
 year 
 
 co-pb5 ; a record of rents. 
 — phoi — 
 
 phoi 75 A list of successful candidates. 
 657 To phoi-siu ; the scholar at the 
 head of the list placarded after an examination. 
 
 itrr P^°^ ^ "^^^ reply officially to an in- 
 j^li 679 4 ferior; to give a decision or 
 order to subordinates ; to post a judgment as 
 is done at the door of the office ; notice or 
 report of a case. 
 
 cie° jit kai tia" jip lio u phoi a hue ? Has the 
 plea which was entered the other day received 
 official attention yet ? i^-keng phoi cun h'o ; 
 has already assented to the petition. khu li'o 
 tang i phoi hue ; go and wait for the official 
 reply. pboi si ; to publish a case. lia thoi"- 
 kiie cu-phoi ; I have seen the official paper 
 •with notes in red ink. ciu-si cu phoi-twn ; 
 
 decided the case on the spot. toa" teng phoi 
 meng-peh ; the order tells plainly what is to 
 be done. i kai bun-cie° co-ni phoi ? What is 
 the reply given in the dispatch ? cu-khau 
 
 phoi kau ho cai ; the Commissioner super- 
 intending the Examinations, decided the case 
 in an admirable way. phoi meng s;i-ci ; settle 
 the boundaries. kua° phoi poh chut lai ; what 
 came out in the cross-examination by the 
 magistrate, phang phoi ; side notes. 
 
 phoi 18 To pare ; to shave off. 
 „ . . 678 5 phoi tio phue ; pare off the 
 rind, phoi che°-phue lai ; pare green pears. 
 
 1-^ phoi 91 A thin piece of a thing. 
 /J ^ 690 hia-phoi ; fragments of tiles, 
 cang ang-le cieh-phoi to sie kak; throwing 
 potsherds and bits of stone at each other, 
 chun cek ph6i-kia° tia"-lia''; have but a shav- 
 ing of it left. khieh no phoi pang lai ku ; 
 took two strips of board to saw. 
 
 — phoi" — 
 m. phoi" 160 or poi". To manage, to at- 
 Fr 652 9 tend to, to prepare, to pro- 
 vide, to go on with, to transact business ; to 
 act as a factor, i to chS-phoi" ci kia° su; he is 
 making official inquiry into this matter, mih 
 much pi-phoi" kau hp-ho ; everything is in 
 readiness, phoi" i co'sioi-mih cue ? Of what 
 
 degree of crime is he adjudged to be guilty ? 
 phoi" hiie; to make a contract for goods, pang 
 i lai phoi" ua"; depute him to come and attend 
 to the case. td phoi" i kai su ; manages his 
 business for him. i si ph5i" su kfti nang ; he 
 acts as agent. f-keng phoi" tit Ho ; it is 
 
 already settled. kua"-hu ki" phoi" i ; the 
 
 magistrate will inquire into it. phoi" kku iap- 
 iap thiap-thiap ; very thoroughly attended to. 
 
 phoi" 115 Tares; cockle; weeds among 
 648 8 grain, 
 ci choh bi se" phoi": ai" ciah tiang-si tieh cai 
 16 tio phoi"; this rice has cockle-seed in it : 
 when it is to be cooked the seed must be win- 
 nowed out. 
 
 — phok — 
 phok 75 Sincere, plain, unpretending. 
 710 12 phok-sit ; honest, rustic, sin- 
 cere, simple minded. khiam-phok ; frugal, 
 expending no more than is necessary. kui 
 ciu, hwn phok ; to reform one's habits. 
 
 m 
 
 phok 
 843 
 
 64 To take an impression by 
 10 rubbing upon a paper laid 
 over a stone ; a fac-simile ; an impression, 
 ci'a jl to ti-kp phok lai ? From what was this 
 impression taken ? si to cu-i" lai kai cieh-pi 
 pliok chut lai kai ; it was taken from a stone 
 tablet in the college, phok ji-thiap ; take im- 
 pressions for use as examples to copy. phok 
 khuhun-hun; blurred in taking the impression. 
 
 j-TU phok 17 Protuberant; bulging. 
 
 I — I 892 4 phok mfik ; protruding eye- 
 balls, phok-mak kim-li; eyeballs bulging 
 from their sockets, like those of goldfish. 
 
 "p4fe phok 64 To impinge; to strike upon; 
 4^ 710 12 to flap ; to flog, 
 chin-chie" htie sie khu ce khuah cu oh phoh- 
 mit ; like fire which after it reaches a certain 
 height, is slapped out with great difficulty, 
 hu cek ko chak cp ce phok-mit khu; that baud 
 of robbers was extirpated at a stroke. 
 
 (>^ phok 25 To divine by looking at, or 
 714 by rattling coins inside a 
 tortoise shell ; to guess ; sortilege ; divination, 
 kit hiang biie phok ; not yet divined whether 
 it is lucky or unlucky. i sua" ui mia" phok 
 
 long-cong oi; he can practise sortilege, tell 
 fortunes, cure the sick, and locate graves. 
 
 phok 9 To spy ; to reconnoitre. 
 
 837 5 khut i a-pe phok tieh ; was 
 espied by his father. am-ce° ham nang khut 
 ph6k-th6i° i to cp mih su ; secretly engaged 
 
456 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 some one to go and find out what he was doing, 
 khu pliok-tieh i tii-tii \6 ciah a-phien; went and 
 espied him just when he was smoking opiam. 
 
 — phong — 
 ph6ng 64 To hold or grasp with both 
 457 8 hands ; a double haudf a1 ; 
 to scoop up in both hands. 
 
 m cie" c6k phong ; there is not a double hand- 
 ful of it. phong ciii m hii chui; water scooped 
 up in the hands does not all reach the mouth. 
 
 [* phong 64 To run against ; to meet 
 GtJ2 9 unexpectedly; to encounter 
 by accident. 
 
 sie phong tieh ; happened to meet each other, 
 jit am, thdi" m ki", no n&ng ph6ng kau tliftu 
 khak hueh Ian ; it was dark so tlmt they could 
 not see, and the two came in collision with 
 such force that their heads bled from the bump. 
 phoTig i m tieh ; did not come across him. 
 mhi" h\i t(5 ph6ng tlulu phong nau ; do not 
 come into collision with him. nS ciah cxin sie 
 phbng; the two vessels collided, thong ph6ng 
 i kai chiii.kh\ ; it depends on his luck. ph5ng 
 tieh fi ki-hfii ; happened to have an oppor- 
 tunity, li'ang ke t5 lo tcng siang phong ; the 
 two met on the road. 
 
 phbng 86 To crackle ; to pop. 
 6G6 15 ph6ng-phIo ; fire-crackers, 
 phfth phoug-phle ; fire off crackers. phong- 
 phle kiu ; torpedoes. 
 
 phong 94 Shaggy. 
 678 7 phong-mo" kau; ph6ng-m6-" 
 sai ; a shaggy dog. ciah kau raq° phong- 
 
 phong ; tliat dog has very shaggy hair. 
 
 ►l^;^ phong 32 Dust raised by the wind ; 
 A^^ 661 ^ to whirl the dust about, 
 huang tliau kau miia" lo ph6ng-ph6ng-eng; the 
 wind blows so that the whole road is covered 
 ■with a cloud of dust. huang li toa, ce kia° 
 
 hia sua ph6ng-ph6ng-kie khi lai ; the wind is 
 high, and as soon as you start the fine dust 
 swirls upwai'd. 
 
 phong 190 Disheveled, uncombed hair. 
 
 661 7 thau mo" li phong-song, b6 
 siu-sip; the hair disheveled and unkempt. 
 
 phong 75 A booth. 
 
 662 8 khau phong ; temporary 
 rooms made in examination halls, by stretching 
 awnings over the open courts and unroofed 
 ■walls. 
 
 phong-pheng To stagger. 
 
 569 khi-thau-e oh kia", 
 
 kia" lai phong-pheng phong-pheng ; in begin- 
 
 ning to learn to walk, one staggers. i si ciu 
 ciii kai le", kia" 16 phong-plieng phong-pheng ; 
 he staggers as if he were tipsy. 
 
 — pl»<5 — 
 n*iE| phd 181 Somewhat ; a degree ; a 
 P»^ 706 6 little; rather doubtful. 
 ph<5 cai c6k n6; I know a thing or two. lia 
 plid hfo ; I partially understand it. phd hah 
 da kai i; it will answer my purpose, plip cOi ; 
 rather too much of it. php u ; very likely has 
 some. cf ks'ii su lin php-p!i<5 thia"-k'i"; I have 
 heard something about this, i to pho-plnS cai ; 
 he very likely knows, phd khfo ; rather pretty. 
 
 phd 140 Luxuriant ; flourishing. 
 
 589 6 cfing chlix ph6-ph6 ; a treo 
 having dense foliage. a.no°-kU° ph6-php ; a 
 strong healthy child, cf chph kiie-ci plio cSi ; 
 this fruit looks very thrifty. 
 
 An old woman. 
 
 i pha" lau php ; he stands in 
 
 ph6 88 
 
 704 8 . 
 awe of his old wife, kong phd ; an old couple ; 
 Darby and Joan. cek phien ph6 sim ; a 
 
 motherly heart, hwn thau phd ; a step-mother. 
 
 m 
 
 ^ 
 
 phd 64 To hold in the arms ; to 
 
 665 6 embrace; to clasp, 
 php a-nd°; hold a baby. php rli phu ; cannot 
 carry him. ph5 kha-thfln-u ; hold on the lap. 
 c6k ciah chin php cek kai ; held one on each 
 arm. php i kai e ie ; clasped him around the 
 waist. i puah loli khui, php khi lai chek ; he 
 has fallen down, take him up and trot him on 
 your knee, php tieh kai chak; grabbed a thief, 
 php-kd kai nang ; one who pleads for the 
 plaintiff, lia php lu Idh ; I will lift you down. 
 
 — phph — 
 
 phph 119 The grains in liquor; dregii. 
 711 5~ cau-plioh ; that which floats 
 on the vat. put kuo tit tieh i kai cau-phph ; 
 got nothing more than the scum of it. ieh-cui 
 pu kbu ciah, ieh phph li tui lio khu tah ; steep 
 it and drink the infusion, then pound the dregs 
 soft and put tliem on as a poultice, td-phph ; 
 tea-grounds. 
 
 phph 18 To cleave at a blow ; to 
 68(5 l2 cut with a heavy stroke, 
 ai" phph CO no kd a sa° kd ? Do you want it cut in 
 two or in three pieces ? phph tng; cleave apart. 
 
 — phu — 
 
 j^HaL phu 72 Universal ; throughout. 
 
 ^ 716 8 i khut i phu thien cu lua me" 
 
 cek kue ; he was reviled by him, every appro- 
 
 brious term under the whole heavens being used. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 457 
 
 plnVtlio The vine ; grapes. 
 
 715 pliii-tho chia ; a grape- 
 vine, phu-tho kua"; raisins. pliii-tho ci'u; 
 wine made from grapes. pliu-tbo cap ; the 
 
 juice of the grape, cek kia phu-thq; a cluster 
 of grapes, tah kai phii-tho pe", khut phu-tho- 
 cang toa ; put up a trellis for the grape vine to 
 run npon. nio"-chu thoa phu-thq ; a rat pulls 
 the grapes. tiah phu-thq ; to gather grapes. 
 
 4*r^ phu 140 The sacred tree of the 
 fZl 716 8 Buddhists, the phii-thi-chii, 
 brought from Magdalia. phu-tht-ci; the 
 
 seeds of the pipul tree, used as beads. phu- 
 sak ; an idol ; a god ; inferior Buddhas. 
 
 v>?^ phu 85 The opposite of sinking ; to 
 XJ^ 140 7 float ; to drift ; to overflow ; 
 light, unsteady, -volatile. 
 
 lim loll khu li'o, phu khi lai ; sank and then 
 rose again, pua" phu, pua" tim ; floating, half 
 in the water and half out. phu to rain cie"; 
 
 rose to the surface, cq cek tio phu kie ; make 
 a pontoon bridge, phu kai li lio tlo ; skim off 
 what rises to the surface. phu-chau ; light 
 
 minded ; without stability or dignity. phu- 
 se" kia SI ; life passes like a dream, khin-phu; 
 levity ; unsteadiness. i cq su khin-phu ; he 
 
 is very giddy. i clam-ciara phu thau ; he is 
 gradually ri.sing in the world. i put kue chq 
 phu-thau; he has only just begun to rise in the 
 world. phu-phie ; vagrant ; unsettled ; un- 
 stable, ci kai nang phu-phie cai ; this person 
 is one who drifts hither and thither. ci oak 
 su chia" kia-phu; this business is not yet to be 
 brought forward ; let this be laid on the table, 
 raai" thi-phu cia su ; do not introduce this 
 subject. thi-phu i kai mla", i cii se" khi ; if 
 mention her name, he will become angry. ci 
 kui tio sio phu to ko; there are these few debts 
 which are floating. i cq mih su to si phu- 
 
 cheng chau-khi ; his conducfc is always frivo- 
 lous and mean. 
 
 )VAt V^^ ^ To boil in oil. 
 
 ^ f*' 8 5 phu iu kfii a phu la kai ? Is 
 
 it boiled in oil or in lard ? ai" phii ci" hue a si 
 ai° phu sek hue ? Should the oil be moderately 
 or intensely heated, for cooking them ? phu 
 khah kue hue ; to fry too long. 
 
 phu 140 The cat-tail rush, of whose 
 715 10 leaves mats are woven ; 
 calamus or sweet flag. 
 
 phu-ng; sweet flag. phu-kong-eng ; the 
 
 dandelion. phu-chau 6i ; sandals woven of 
 
 flag leaves. phu-thwn ; a hassock, or rush 
 mat ; a straw hassock covered with leaves. 
 
 ^^ 
 
 phu-ioDg 
 144 
 
 A shrub, the hibiscus. 
 ph{i-iong hue ; hibiscus. 
 
 — phua — 
 T/ltf phua 18 To lay open. 
 nU 073 8 phua khui lai thoi"; open it 
 out and see what is inside. phua sim kua"; 
 disclose the real feelings. phua" cq no p6i°; 
 phiia" cq poi"; to halve; to divide in two. 
 
 phua 112 To rend, break, ruin, or 
 705 5 defeat ; to take by storm ; 
 to detect, to lay bare, to solve, to explain ; 
 split, tattered, broken, injured, 
 phua-phiia chui-chiii, tak tieh sim mih ci"; it 
 is all in pieces, and worth almost nothing. i 
 cheng kau phiia lih-lih ; he wears his clothing 
 till it is in tatters. i to po phua sa"; she is 
 
 mending a torn garment. to hu hue kia" 
 
 pliiia tti" khu ; was at that time so scared that 
 he lost all courage, phah phiia i kai ia"-pua"; 
 broke up tlieir camp, i ci au phua-pai lio ; he 
 has since been defeated. hia si phiia ke kia"; 
 he is one who will ruin his family. i a-pe cii 
 si chun coi-coi ci", i la phiia tit wn ; should 
 his father leave a great amount of money, he 
 would waste it all. i ci sii-ni, ui su, kai ke 
 
 phua kau cheng-khih cheng-khih ; he has 
 during these last few years had troubles which 
 have impoverished his family. ua thoi" phiia 
 i kai i ; I see through his design, m cia" khut 
 nang thoi" pliiia; that people may not find it 
 out. bq nang thoi" tit phiia ; nobody detected 
 it. cq hie" thoi" m phua ciia ? Why are you 
 so blinded ? phiia chai ; to lose property, as 
 by theft. phiia ci" toi un ; spend money to 
 
 get good luck. phiia-hui tio jieh coi ci" cia" 
 cq seng ; laid out much before it was brought 
 to completion. phiia i kai huap ; discovered 
 how he did it. phiia i kai koi ; guessed his 
 stratagem. phah phua sia"-ti; carried the 
 
 city by storm. hut ka m phiia; cannot bite 
 into the pit of the fruit. ngo-se" phiia- 
 
 siia" cu lai chia" n&ng-kheh ; when the five 
 carcasses are divided, we will then invite the 
 guests. ci kai tq-li cu sie" m phiia; I did 
 
 not think out this principle. cOk e cuang, 
 
 hia po-li-khi cng kai phiia khu ; that glass- 
 wai'o was all broken at one thump. cheng 
 sang phiia 6i-lioh ; wore a pair of old slip- 
 shod shoes. sa" kho cheng kau hue" phiia 
 tit lih ; wore his clotlies till they were rent in 
 all directions. ciah lio iia" ce tieh kha phua 
 ciii-kng; after eating it you will be so thirsty 
 that you will break the water jar in your haste 
 to get water, mai" thiih phiia i kai pe" theng 
 cua ; do not poke a hole through his paper 
 
458 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 screens ; do not spoil the play by bringing into 
 view the puppits that cast their slmdows on 
 the screen. tieh mai" thSng pliua tliau, ce 
 
 thSng phua tl au cu cong-kii ui°; do not 
 begin, else you will always be wanting to do it. 
 
 ^^ phiia 1^8 To rive; to split; to rend. 
 S/y 694 18 phua cha; split wood, phiia 
 c6 no poi"; split it in two. phua co si liam ; 
 split it into quarters. phua iTi loh ; I can't 
 
 split it. phua cha, thoi" cha n\ ; in splitting 
 
 wood consider which way the grain lies, phiia 
 tek-l)ih; make bamboo splints. 
 
 ^ri^ phiia 38 An old woman, a dame, a 
 "i^C 704 8 crone, a hag. 
 konn^-phua; an old couple. i lai pai un kfti 
 kon^'' phua; they came to pay their respects to 
 our old people. kong-pliua bd pd-ho ; may 
 the god of the bedstead grant a blessing. 
 iSu phua ; a grandfather's concubine. bue 
 phua ; a matchmaker, thdi" sia" phiia ; an old 
 female spirit medium. i se" lai a-phua min 
 a-phua min; he has a face like an old woman's, 
 thai-kp phua; a crone who is a leper. i id 
 tng sau-phua ; she keeps a brothel, sau-phua 
 ai ; an old woman who has charge of a bagnio. 
 
 — phua" — 
 
 phua" 120 To trip up a horse. 
 652 5 hu ko soi mai"-h6k phiia'- 
 be-soh 1(5 tang i lai ; first set a lasso for the 
 horse's feet, and then await his arrival, i kai 
 be khut plma^-be-soh* phua" to, n&ng ia puah 
 loh khii ; his horse was tripped up by the rope 
 stretched to trip him, and the rider fell off. 
 
 J^^ phua" 122 To purchase for retailing. 
 JIIL 653 10 ni'n kai hue to ti-kp phiia" 
 lai ? Where do you buy the goods that you 
 sell Y ca-ca cu cie" tie" khi phija" Ime ; goes 
 early to the market to get the goods he is to 
 peddle. 
 
 plma" 18 A decision ; a verdict ; an 
 664 5 official judgment. 
 tng-]ihua" chau chut lai thoi"; copy out the 
 official decision for examination. thoi" i kai 
 tng-phua" cp-ni phiia"; see what verdict shall 
 be given, phiia" cua-kho ; decide what is well 
 or badly written in a copy-book, as a teacher 
 does for his pupil. 
 
 yM^ phua" 9 A comrade, a fellow, an asso- 
 |~| 652 5 ciate; to follow, to attend on. 
 si i kai tang-phua"; it is his companion, i 
 pai me" to phua" leng ; he every night keeps 
 the manes company, by sleeping near the coffin. 
 
 '/!> 
 
 pue-phua" nang-kheh id cp ; sitting with a 
 guest. u nang sie phiia" a-bp ? Is there any 
 one with him ? bo nang sie phua"; without" 
 companionship, kai si tu phua" ho" rai ; iL is 
 like to the dog offering himself to the tigei- as 
 a bed-fellow. bp phua", kii-chu m ce <-• khu; 
 did not go because I had no one to go with rae. 
 me-"hng lai sie phua" lau-jlet ce ; come this 
 evening and enjoy the entertainment with us. 
 bo mueh hp pliQa" chi'u ; I have notliing to 
 take in my hand (to give ease of manner). 
 
 — phuah — 
 
 phuah C4 A downward stroke in 
 686 12 writing, 
 c^k phuah kiie lai c6k phuah kiie khu; two 
 downward strokes, one inclining to the left and 
 the other to (he right, tfam si tiam, phuah si 
 phuah, niui" theng s/a ; a dot is a dot and a 
 dash is a dash, do not make these indiscrim- 
 inately, lau no phuah chiu ; had a moustache. 
 n5 phaah b&i ngi'a cfti, siu-siu ; liad beautiful 
 tufted eyebrows, neither too heavy nor too thin, 
 pit ce khph tieh b&k, cii phuah iIi khui; if your 
 pen is stock up with dry ink it will not make 
 a smooth stroke. 
 
 phnah 86 To throw water down ; a 
 ^10 12 dash of water; vigorous. 
 h6 phuah c6k sin ; the rain has splashed all 
 over me. i ta" kau-ciii khu phuah chai ; he ia 
 carrying water from the ditch and watering 
 the vegetables, i kai nang liah-phuah cili ; he 
 is in very good spirits, liah-uah phuah-phuali 
 kai n&ug ; a very lively person. 
 
 phuah 119 
 132 if 
 tilizers on the fields. 
 
 To put on fertilizers, 
 phuah chang ; to put fer- 
 
 4^ phuah G4 To fan. 
 J^^ 751 10 khia ki si" i6 phuah huang; 
 had a fan and was fanning himself. phuah 
 
 huang-16 ; fan the fire in the earthen stove, 
 phuah i chin ; cool it by fanning it. 
 
 phiiah 43 The gait of a spavined horse. 
 ^ ^^ 530 T i kia" lo phiiah-a-phuah ; in 
 walking he crosses his legs, as does an ox weak 
 in the legs, or as a very old man. tang-ca cek 
 ciah ho" phiiah-a-phiiah kia" to ci kp kiie; a 
 little while ago a tiger ^^ent ambling along here. 
 
 — phue — 
 "YlT P^ue 32 Unbaked clay vessels; un- 
 •^^ 671 4 burnt tiles or pottery, ready 
 for the oven, 
 cp kai phue tp-kp, bue ceng sie ; have the pot- 
 
DICTIONABT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 459 
 
 tery made, but have not yet baked it. pliue 
 b6; the mold for making casts. tli6 pliue li co 
 lip, bue ceiig cliai; have finished the clay model, 
 but have not yet colored it. phue co 1.(5, bue 
 ceng lara thiig ; have shaped the clay, but have 
 not yet glazed it. cng hia kai phue ; bricks 
 
 and tiles ready for baking. 
 
 m 
 
 A mate ; an equal ; a com- 
 panion ; to pair ; to mate ; 
 
 phiie 164 
 
 672 '3 
 to match. 
 
 i ceng phue chin a bue ? Is she betrothed yet ? 
 ]>hit-phue ; a helpmeet; to take a helpmeet. 
 i m cai phit-phue ; he will not marry again, 
 phue-hah khu ho-lip ; it matches perfectly, lu 
 ai° co-ni phue kah ? How will you put them 
 together ? ai" phvie co f-im-mih sek ? What 
 
 color will go well with it ? hu-phue khut ti- 
 tiang ? To whom is she promised in marriage ? 
 phue ill cie"; it does not fit. phue i oi tit khi; 
 it will go very well with that. phiie cau-cau ; 
 a perfect match. i kai kong phiie thi"-ti ; 
 
 his fame will last as long as the universe does. 
 ci kai si i kai ngwn phiie ; this is his first 
 spouse. 
 
 phue 107 Skin, rind, bark, peel, ex- 
 679 ternal covering; a wrapper; 
 a case ; leather ; furs ; reputation ; character, 
 i to boi phue hue ; he is selling furs, sd cheng 
 ^\ phue-nau phue-chau ; dresses in furs, i kai 
 pliue-hu iu"-ji cai ; her complexion is very deli- 
 cate, i poh phue cai ; he is very thin skinned. 
 i se" lai phue khah poh ; he is naturally too 
 sensitive. i m ku min-phue ; he is regardless 
 of his good name. sek phue ; to tan hides, 
 
 pak phue ; to flay. ci ie" phue kai sek-cui 
 
 rgia ; this leather has a fine tint. ce tu phue 
 khu kut cu chun bo tiam-kia"; when you take 
 off the skin and take out the bones, there is 
 very little left, i to tng phue-tio-phua; she is 
 a pimp. phue tio ; a leather thong. ka tio 
 phue-tio lai co chia-kui soh ; cut a strip of 
 leather to make a band for the machine, phue 
 nng ; eggs coated with clay. thut tio chau 
 phue lang; shuffled off this mortal coil. phoi 
 tio pliue ; pare off the rind, khi ti phue ; rai.se 
 the crust of the earth ; extirpate the place he 
 liyed iu. cia si bua chiu phue kai ci"; this 
 
 money is hardly earned. 
 
 •tj5^ phue 32 To cultivate ; to assist ; to 
 ^1^ 672 8 add energy to. 
 i kPii sin-hun tieh cai phue-iang; his physical 
 health must be recuperated, pliue-sek kfa"-ti; 
 bring up children. phue-sek ti-cti; develop 
 one's pupils. 
 
 phQe 146 A quilt or blanket. 
 
 669 6 ci kai phue si jip si-mi" 
 ka.i ; this coverlet is stuffed with raw silk, 
 kiiii phue; to roll one's .self in a coverlet, kam 
 phue; cover closely with a quilt. thS" phue; 
 lay a quilt over him. phue ke ; a small 
 
 stand used to hold folded quilts, be phue; a 
 horse-blanket. sin phah cek ni'a mi"-phue; 
 had a quilt over him. ci hwn phue si phue- 
 ml" ke ci" a si phue-toa" ke ci" ? For a foreign 
 bed-quilt, which costs most, the cotton or the 
 cover ? 
 
 — phueli — 
 
 ^l£ phueh 149 To converse; to talk about; 
 pys. 854 8 to discuss ; to chat, 
 i to phueh mih ue ? What are they talking 
 about ? phueh lai phueh khu ; to bandy 
 
 words. phueh tang phueh sai; talk of all 
 
 sorts of things. 6i" tiang-si lai co phueh ; 
 
 when you have leisure come and have a chat 
 with me. bo su, to 6i" phueh; talking at ease, 
 haying nothing to do. phueh sng; phueh 
 
 chie ; talk playfully. 
 
 phueh 85 Froth ; foam ; spume ; drool; 
 604 5 scum, 
 ciii phueh ; spume on water, lau phueh ; spit 
 out froth. phueh lau-lau ; froth bubbles out. 
 ko tio min cie" kai phueh ; skim the scum off 
 its surface, nua" se" phueh; frothy expectora- 
 tion, gu-ni phueh ; ci-eam. 
 
 — phuh — 
 
 33 phuh 57 Weak in numbers and in- 
 ^^ 295 7 fluence. 
 phuh hie"; a small and uninfluential town, 
 phuh pang, phuh kha; an uninfluential body, 
 iu cek pang chio, tin cek pang phuh ; they are 
 powerful and we are weak. lin ci sia" lai bo 
 mih chio phuh ; we here iu the city are not 
 divided into opposing parties. chio kai to to 
 ai° khi-hu phuh kai; the strong are always 
 trying to oppress the weak. un I'o phuh m 
 
 ka" thin i ; we are the weaker party and dare 
 not provoke him. si i siang phuh ; he is the 
 least powerful of all. 
 
 — phui — 
 
 phiii 30 To spit. 
 
 913 8 phiii nua"; to expectorate, 
 phui tham, phiii hueh ; to spit up phlegm or 
 blood. tham-niia" mai" phui cek koi"; do not 
 spit over everything. i kai tham phiii chut 
 lai toa hueh tiam ; there are specks of blood 
 in the phlegm which he raises, phui-phui-kie ; 
 keeps spitting. 
 
460 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWITOW DIALECT. 
 
 JS 
 
 phui 
 
 681 
 
 44 p^ng pliiii ; to break wind. 
 4 
 
 — plmn — 
 
 y&S^ pliun 37 To run about in confusion ; 
 " ^[ ^ 655 6 to be busy with ; to fag at. 
 pbun cau ; scamper away. i khu pliun sng; 
 he has gone home to bury a parent. phnn-po 
 Iftu-lok ; toiling and moiling. 
 
 ^p^)t pbun 18 To cleave ; to cut with a 
 ^^ 686 12- beavy downward stroke, 
 to phiin tieh i kai koi"-thau ; the knife cleft 
 his shoulder, khut i cek e phiin co no kueh ; 
 it was cleft in two by him at one stroke. 
 
 pbun 85 To splash ; to sprinkle in 
 731 6 large drops or bandfuis. 
 phiin choh cui lAh khu ; dash some water on it, 
 m cai pbun cui cu khah kang-ta; if you do not 
 sprinkle it with water it will become too dry. 
 
 pbi.n 85 To spatter. 
 979 15 pbun cek sin cui ; spattered 
 all over with water, pbun kau ceng-ceng tb6; 
 spattered all over with mud. mai° khut i pbun 
 tieh buch; do not get spattered with the blood. 
 
 pbun 108 A basin ; a bowl. 
 656 4 min-phun ; a wash-basin, 
 tau-phun ; a porcelain dice-bowl. lim pbun 
 k&i si-bau cui-bc5 cia" lai ; the midwife came 
 just as the pains of travail began. 
 
 phdn 82 A grave. 
 130 12 pbun-mo°; graves, cdk khan 
 pbun ; a grave. pbun ti ; a burying ground, 
 khu pbun teng piii ; go to worship at the 
 graves. pbun lia"; the flat area before a 
 
 grave. pbun cbi'u ; the projecting sides of a 
 grave, pbun sin ; pbun tu ; the grave mound, 
 pbun biie ; the end of a grave opposite the 
 stone. pbun tlulu ; that end of a grave at 
 
 which the stone is placed, pbun bai; the arch 
 above the bead-stone. pbun kai wn bu ; the 
 horse-shoe shaped slope behind a grave. cie° 
 pbun kiie ciia ; offer spirit-money at a grave, 
 ci-sau pbun-mo°; to perform the annual duties 
 to a grave. un ci khau c6 pbun eng u ci 
 
 pi" kai nang to th6i''-siu ; this ancestral grave 
 must be taken care of by those who live near 
 here, cng pbun pi" ji ; to color the letters on 
 a gravestone. pbun-cng to ti kp ? Where is 
 the burial place ? pbiin pi" cieb ; the grave 
 stone. ci khau pbun .si im kai ; this grave 
 
 has no body in it. ci khau phiin kih u kai 
 
 tun; this grave has a terrace built up before it. 
 than liu pbun; a robber of graves, lu si pbun 
 ko hue ! You are a savage ! khu phun teng 
 cbue ! Why go there to look for it ! 
 
 — pbwn — 
 
 phwn 9 To give in evidence; to 
 J.^-^ 462 G testify against; to falsely 
 accuse in order to barm. 
 
 phwji tang; to turn state's evidence. phwn 
 cblu, b6 phwn tang; one testifies against bis 
 enemies, not against his accomplices. ebak 
 
 tng tiig pbwn i co oke; the robber testified 
 in open court that be was a receiver of stolen 
 goods. cia. siig si cbiu pbwn kdi ; this is the 
 testimony of an adversary. 
 
 phwn 70 A funeral banner. 
 
 124 14 cie-hun pbwn ; a banner 
 used in leading home the spirit of a dead 
 person. 
 
 phwn 140 A frontior. 
 
 125 15 phwn-tbfvi ; the treasurer 
 of a province. bong co pbwn-uang ; made a 
 feudal prince. 
 
 pbwn 18 To judge; to decide; a 
 654 5 verdict, 
 sfm-pbwn ; to try a case and give a verdict, 
 pbwn.twn ; to give sentence. tliong-pbwn ; a 
 syndic in an inferior department under a sub- 
 prefect, phwn-kua"; a Decider of Life in 
 hades ; the Chinese Atropos. 
 
 pbwn 85 The semi-circular pools 
 654 6 before provincial colleges, 
 cfa tui-lin si ho i kfii kia" jip pbwn kai ; tliis 
 pair of matched scrolls is sent as a present to 
 congratulate him upon bis son's entrance into 
 college. kak oh kaii oh-keng lai to u pbwn- 
 
 keng it ; every college has the semi-circular 
 pool within its grounds. i bia" ti tang ni cin 
 phwn ; the two brothers entered the public 
 school the same year. 
 
 108 
 10 
 
 To take at a fixed rate ; 
 to buy goods for retailing; 
 
 40^ pbwn 
 ^BK 653 
 
 in detail. 
 
 phwn mng ; to interrogate. ce phwn-pph, i 
 k&i cin cheng cu chut bin ; as soon as be was 
 cross-questioned, the real facts were made 
 apparent. pbwn-cbe kaiig-soi ; inquire into 
 carefully and judicially. tong-kok si ph\vn- 
 ko khi-tbau cp huang-ti ; Panku was the first 
 emperor of China. phwn bui ; fare ; travel- 
 ling expenses. si i chut lai pbvvn swn ; be 
 takes the lead in entertaining the guests. i 
 lai phwn ci bang ISi kai bue-mueh khu boi ; 
 he comes to this warehouse and gets goods to 
 dispose of at retail. i kai biie to si to ci kp 
 pbvvn kai ; be gets bis goods here. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 461 
 
 \WK pliwn 142 To coil around. 
 ^}S 653 12 phvvn 16ng thio ; a pillar 
 with a bas-relief representing a dragon coiled 
 around it. ki-kua" teng phwn u ISng ; the 
 
 flag-staff lias a dragon coiled around it. chiu 
 ki teng phwu u cua to ko ; there is a snake 
 coiled around a branch of the tree. tio thang 
 phvvn to hue-ki teng ; a worm is coiled around 
 the flower-stalk. 
 
 ^/ft phwn 157 To contract or double up 
 452 8 the limbs, 
 phwn thiii cp ; sit cross-legged. phwn khi 
 
 kha ; to cross the legs. no ciah chfu li phwn 
 to koi°-thau teng ; the arms crossed, with the 
 hands resting on the shoulders. 
 
 — phwt — 
 
 phwt 85 Heady; self-willed; persistent. 
 710 12 tio-phwt; incurably evil, 
 phwt hu ; a perverse woman. phwt cien ; 
 
 stern warfare ; a hard fight. 
 
 — sa — 
 
 sa 64 To lay on with the hands. 
 1003 JO sa ce iam ; rub on some salt, 
 sa peh-thng loh khu I'o nng-sun ; rub on a little 
 sugar and then the flavour will not be so salt, 
 sa ti'am phang-iu ; rub on a little sesamum oil. 
 
 sa 112 Coarse sand ; gravel. 
 730 4 cu-sa-9,ng; a bright red. 
 cinnabar. sa-chiu ; a spit of sand. 
 
 sa 
 
 ^ML sa 79 To kill, to slay, to slaughter. 
 7|5C '^Sl 6 c€k kai lai, cek kai sa; slay 
 every one that comes. khut i sa kku lio-lio ; 
 were all killed off by them, 'sa than ; decapi- 
 tate. ki° lai, ki" sa ; kill every one you see. 
 
 sa 211 
 .3 11 
 very crooked. 
 
 Irregular, projecting teeth, 
 i k3,i khi sa-s£ ; his teeth are 
 
 sa 
 
 -fc^ sa" 145 A garment for the body ; a 
 V^ 733 3 gown, tunic, coat, shirt, or 
 jacket. 
 
 sa° kho ; jacket and trowsers. cp hu sa° kho ; 
 make a suit of clothes. soi sa" nang; the 
 
 washerman, tng sa"; a long gown. sa°-thaa ; 
 a short jacket. kin sin sa°; sin toi sa°; gar- 
 
 ments worn next the body ; underclothing. 
 8a°-ng ; sleeves, khuah lig sa"; a wide-sleeved 
 gown, sa" ku; the flap, skirt or hem of a robe, 
 sa" tang ; a lapel. sa" heng-c6i°; the front, 
 
 sa" kai ka-ciah ; the back. thi" sa"; make 
 
 garments, cheng sa"; wear or put on a tunic. 
 
 thng tlo sa"; to undress. n6 sa"; hang clothes 
 out to dry. h^ng sa"; hang clothes by a fire, 
 ut sa"; to iron the clothes. ua° sa"; to change 
 the dress. ka sa"; old clothes. boi ku sa"; 
 sell second-hand clothing. ka sa"; cut out 
 
 garments. ua" tio kai kiara sa"; take off a 
 
 soiled tunic. phua sa"; a ragged jacket. p6 
 sa"; mend clothes, kit sa"; darn a gown. sa" 
 cih ho ; fold the tunic nicely. a-no°-kia" sa"; 
 children's clothing. cu-nie sa"; women's 
 
 clothes, tui sa" thui; a clothes pounder. sa° 
 sin ai" jieh tng ? How long should the tunic 
 be ? sa" kai sua"-cue ; the seams of the tunic, 
 sa" kai khui ku ; the flaps. i poi" co ang sa" 
 cue ; his crime is judged to be one of which the 
 penalty is banishment, i kai sa" lam-lu, i kai 
 sa" chi"-khia ; the one has on ragged and dirty 
 garments while the other has on fresh and 
 clean ones. 
 
 » sa" 1 Three, thrice. 
 
 . * 723 2 toi" sa"; the third, i kai nang 
 
 sa" ciah chi'u ; he is light fingered. ua cai sa" 
 kio i ta"; I told him repeatedly, sa" tng ; sa ; 
 hue ; sa chu ; three times. sa" hiie php not 
 
 had two children in three years. toa su pu" 
 kiie sa", sie su put kue ngo; important business 
 must not be deferred more than three days, 
 nor unimportant more than five. 
 
 — sah — 
 sah 64 To catch in the hand. 
 975 8 cek nang tio, cek n4ng sah ; 
 
 one tosses and the other catches. 
 
 mai sah 
 
 ka-lauh ; do not let it fall instead of catching 
 it. i kai ci" sia khu kku khut i sah tieh ; 
 
 he caught in his hand the arrow that 
 shot at him. 
 
 was 
 
 sah 61 To mistakenly suppose ; to 
 
 1064 7 misapprehend, 
 lia sah cp si hie"-se", io si cie"-se"; I thought 
 it was thus, but find instead that it is so. i 
 mai" sah cp hd ; he must not erroneously think 
 that it is good, sah cp si i, I'o si i a-ti ; thought 
 it was he, but it proved to be his brother. 
 
 sfi,h 154 Unenlightened; obscure. 
 _ 689 5 hai i kia" kau kong sah-sah ; 
 
 scared him almost out of his senses. 
 
 — sai — 
 
 sai 164 To decant liquors ; to pour a 
 759 19 libation ; to pour out. 
 sai ciu ; pour wine for a guest. sai ke cek 
 
 ceng te ; pour another cup of tea. mai" sai 
 
 khah ti"; do not pour it too full, mki" sai cek 
 koi"; do not spill it in the pouring. 
 
462 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 rt|l| sai 94 The Hon, wliich has long been 
 
 PHi 758 10 extinct in China, 
 sai ko, sai h6, sai ki'a"; lion, lioness and whelp, 
 sai f(5 ban ; the lion is roaring. phah cSk tii 
 cleh sai ; sculpture a pair of stone lions, niong 
 sai ho"; a pantorairae play of masked lions, 
 i kai plii" se" lai sai-^ai ; his nose is large and 
 curves upward. thng sai; two lions made of 
 sugar. kho a-sai lai ciah png ; call the dog 
 
 to eat his mess, i ciig tieh sai ti ; ho is buried 
 in a good spot, ngp th^u sai; an open mouthed, 
 watchful lion. kim sai ; gilded lions, kuah 
 sai; chak sai; to carvo lions in wood, sai th&u 
 bo ; a child's bonnet, having fur ears. 
 
 IT! I sai 146 The west ; western ; west- 
 |iy 788 O' ward. 
 
 sai hng ; western lands, sai p6i°; on the west, 
 sai kok ; European countries. sai ie"; the 
 
 Occident. sai thi"; the paradise of Buddha, 
 the nirvana of the common people. sai pin ; 
 a private tutor (the west side of the hall being 
 the place for guests). mai" ta" tang la° sai ; 
 do not beat about the bush, sai-lam kak ; the 
 south-western corner. sai-pak ; north-west. 
 c5 sai hxang tang ; located with the back to 
 tiie west, and facing east, sai mng ; the west 
 gate. m kwu i tang sai jl poih; it makes no 
 difference where he comes from, nor how his 
 accounts stand ; have nothing to do with him 
 in any way. 
 
 I^^ sai 115 Private, personal, selfish; 
 ^T^t^v 835 ~2~ partial ; underhand, nefari- 
 ous ; contraband. 
 
 cdu-sai ; to smuggle. Hah sai ; to arrest smug- 
 glers, sai hue ; smuggled goods, si kong-si 
 seng-li, a si sai-khia seng-li ? Is this business 
 licensed or unlicensed ? i chun u cek bwn sai- 
 khia ngun ; he has ten thousand dollars of his 
 personal funds remaining. sai-e ; privately, 
 sai-c si siang-ho ; are privately in agreement. 
 soi° kong, Su sai; first public business, and after- 
 ward private affairs. boi sai lam ; sell salt 
 that has paid no duty, coih ho, sai thiu ; bar 
 the river and levy for personal use. i khu co 
 sai su ; he has gone to attend to some private 
 affairs, i kio i u sai cheng ; they have private 
 relationships with each other. sai-cu chut 
 kun ; go out alone in advance of the army, 
 sai i ; personal notions. chip-sai kai nS,ng ; 
 the coast guard. 
 
 sai 93 The rhinoceros. 
 
 789 7 sai kak ; a rhinoceros horn, 
 thought by the Chinese to detect poison and 
 often carved into cups. sai-gu ; a rhinoceros. 
 
 HP5 sai 130 The jowl ; the chops. 
 /J*ll^ 722 9 Hang sai ; the jaws. chm 
 thph hiang sai ; she leaned her chin on her 
 hand. li'ang sai khah khui ; lantern jawed, 
 
 e-hai-sai ; the lower jaw. 
 
 sai 60 A master workman. 
 
 758 7 sai-pe ; an artisan ; a clever 
 workman. sai-kia"; an apprentice. sai hia" 
 tl fl jieh coi uSiig ? How many of the trained 
 hands are there ? 
 
 m 
 
 ^ 
 
 sai 9 To command ; to order ; to 
 761 6 send ; to en)ploy ; to com- 
 mission ; to cause, to effect, to occasion ; to 
 serve one's self by ; expense, u-se, service, 
 ai" sai i khu tl-ko ? Where are you going to 
 send him as a messenger ? si lia f 6 sai-hwn 
 k&i nftng ; he is a person whom I employ to do 
 errands for me. ham i m^i" sai phl-khi ; 
 
 tell him not to be sulky. ci kai ngun sai lu 
 
 khil; this dollar will not pass. sai-eng ; 
 
 outlay, siet-sai i a-si lai, lia cil ram khu; in 
 case he should come, then I need not go. jiak- 
 sai &-sI lia t6 kp, i cu in ka"; if so be that I 
 were there, he would not venture to do it. 
 sai-hui tio t5a-bp-mueh ngiiu ; spent a great 
 amount of money. sai ci°, sai ngftn ; lay out 
 money, mai" sai i hwn-lp ; do not sadden her. 
 ti-sdi i kia"-ku; renders him apprehen.sive. 
 sdi kka i hua''-hua° hf-hi ; makes him very 
 happy. i si sai am chie"; he uses concealed 
 
 weapons. ci kai nang ili h<5 sai ; this is not 
 
 one whom it is well to employ. sai sang-tp ; 
 wield a double sword. W nang \\6 sai ; have 
 no one to go at my call. kia-sai si-hau a si 
 
 kue li cp-nl ? Supposing the time to be already 
 past, what then ? 
 
 Kl», sai 44 Ordure ; filth ; excrement. 
 /^r^ 760 6 pang sai; to go to stool, i oi 
 lau-sai a b5i ? Has he a diarrhea ? sai thang; 
 an ordure bucket. 
 
 Kdl sai 187 To sail. 
 »^lyv 760 5 sai cun ; sail a boat. cun 
 td sai huang ; the boat is sailing, sai ph^ng ; 
 raise the sail. nin kai ciin ai" sai khu ti kp ? 
 Whither are you sailing ? sii ta" kang-khau ; 
 sailed into the wrong port. 
 
 sai 154 To show off; to rival; to 
 
 723 Ho make a display, 
 ia" sin sai-hue kai si-hau ; when striving to 
 surpass each other in the elegance of the 
 processions accompanying a god. liang-ke to 
 sie sai ; the two are trying to see which can 
 make the best show. sai hue teng; the feast 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 4G3 
 
 of lanterns. sai tlioi" ti-tiang kai sin cliiang 
 ngi'a; see who will make the finest tabernacle for 
 their god. i kai poh sai kue sph ; its whiteness 
 rivals the snow. sai ko-ngwn ; see who will 
 make the greatest display of antique curiosities. 
 sh.i kiie cin kai ; surpasses the actual ones. 
 
 sai 38 A son-in-law; a husband. 
 ,Hi 790 'JT kfa°-sai; son-in-law. ji-sai ; 
 husband. tiet-psii; niece's husband, sun sai ; 
 a son's daugliter's liusband. gua sun sai ; a 
 
 daughter's daughter's husband. mue" sai ; a 
 younger sister's husband. i khu cp sin kia°- 
 siii ; he has gone to pay the first visit to his 
 bride's parents. i ong sai cp-pu lai ; the old 
 man and his son-in-law came together. i kai 
 cau-kia° ai° lau pang kp cie kia"-sai kai ; they 
 are going to keep their daughter with them 
 and. bring a husband for her into their family, 
 tph sai ; choose a husband. gua seng sai ; 
 
 a sister's daughter's husband. 
 
 sai 72 To dry in the sun. 
 
 733 6 xia ai° phah kai sai-pe"; I am 
 going to make a platform for drying things in 
 the sun. ci'a tieh sai kang li'o cia" ho ngoi, 
 
 this must first be dried thoroughly in the sun, 
 and then it may be ground fine, khieh khu jit 
 teug ce sai cii khauh-khauh ; put it in the sun 
 and dry it a little w hile, and it will warp from 
 dryness. cia si chp-liak sai kue jit tia"-tia", 
 
 hwn phak hue kau ti ; this has been only 
 slightly exposed to the sun, and is not yet 
 dried through, 
 
 AtS sai 9 A messenger ; a servant sent to 
 |>^ 761 6 inquire. 
 
 sai-chin ; an envoy, a legate. sai-ci'a ; one 
 
 who is sent. sin sai ; an angel. kong sai ; a 
 delegate. sai-meng ; an ambassador. pu- 
 ceng-sai ; a civil governor of one province. i 
 khu chut sai ; he has gone as deputy. ang- 
 
 cak-sai ; a provincial judge. pia"-pi sai-cia ; 
 an Intendant of Circuit. 
 
 ^=h}t sai 32 A frontier, a boundary, a limit. 
 > ^t^^ 728 10 sai giia kai ti-hng ; beyond the 
 borders. pia°-be chut khu kau sai gua; the 
 troops went over the frontier. 
 
 sSi 75 The persimmon. 
 
 763 4 ang-sai; ripe red persimmons, 
 ^ng-thang-sfii ; deep red persimmons. thim 
 sS,i ; to cover persimmons with hot chaff in 
 order to ripen them. gu thim sai ; yellow 
 
 persimmons. sSi pia"; dried persimmons. sSi 
 lib ; the persistent calyx. sai pia° lih ; the 
 
 calyx and stems of dried persimmons. sSi 
 
 m 
 
 hut ; the seeds. sHi sng ; the flour on the 
 
 surface of dried persimmons. ieh s5i-khi ; 
 
 guess at the number of carpels in an unopened 
 persimmon, ang-siii-kie; tomatoes, chau sSi- 
 kia°; the red fruit of the belladonna plant, 
 siap sSi ; the astringent persimmon. 
 
 sai 113 To offer sacrifices to gods or 
 838 3 devils ; to set up and wor- 
 ship as a god. 
 
 sai sin ciah sin, sai hut ciah hut; those who 
 offer sacrifice to the gods, live on the gods, 
 those who offer sacrifice to Buddha live oa 
 Buddha. sSico-kong; worship the ancestors, 
 sai c^ cek kham ; set them up in one shrine. 
 
 "jftjr sai 76 Timber ; lumber. 
 yj 942 8 cha sai; wood used as material 
 for making things. hd cp sai ; this will do 
 
 for the stuff to use in the making, to m cie" 
 sai ; this will not do to use as the timber for 
 making it. e° sai ; timber for rafters, sam 
 sai ; pine lumber. 
 
 — sak — 
 
 i|^p sak 108 To shove a boat over the mud. 
 JDDoL 859 12 cun sak bua khara-kha ; drag 
 and push the boat over the mud-flats up to 
 the bank. 
 
 sak 142 A louse ; a parasitic insect. 
 
 728 2 thau-sak ; lice in the head, 
 sak-bp ; a large louse. sak he; small lice, 
 
 sin teng kai sak ; body lice. bak-sak ; bed- 
 bugs, pin tio sak ; comb out the lice, sak- 
 pin ; a fine comb. sak-nng ; nits. bak-sak 
 t)am ; a trap for bed-bugs. ci ie ieh 6i 
 
 pheh tio bak-sak ; tins preparation will drive 
 away bugs, suah sak ; destroy lice. se" sak; 
 breeds lice. 
 
 ^fe^ sak 32 To stop or fill up, to close, to 
 ^^ 728 10 obstruct; to spike, as a gun. 
 i kai phi" sak ; his nose is stopped up. ju 
 
 thia" ju sak khio ; the more I hear the less I 
 comprehend, sak-cii ; blocked up. cang cun- 
 thak lai sak mi"; take a stopper and stop it 
 tightly, sak i kai chui ; stop his mouth, cui- 
 kau sak khu ; the drain is obstructed. tu- 
 sak ; to block up, as an approach, thang-sak ; 
 to stop up, as by passing a plug through a 
 hole. bp ho sak ceh ; nothing wherewith to 
 stop the censure. khah soi, sak m kin ; it is 
 too small, it will not fill the orifice. sia" sak 
 khu; his voice is husky. sak kau kin-kin, 
 
 boi lang khui ; stopped up tightly with no 
 crevice for ventilation. hi"-khang sak chau- 
 ctia, mai" thia" i ; plug up your ears with 
 brown paper, and do not listen to him. 
 
464 
 
 DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 ll^ sak 140 A Sanscrit syllable introdnced 
 |*@S 721 13 by the Buddhists, 
 pbii-sak ; the third class of saints; used to 
 denote idols which are the images of deceased 
 worthies. 
 
 — sam — 
 
 *^ sam 75 Deal, pine, fir timber. 
 
 ^^ 733 3 sam th&u, sam bue; the large 
 and the small end of a stick of timber. the" 
 sarii-pai ; to pole a raft of pine logs, i t<5 khui 
 sam hang ; he keeps a lumber-yard. sam-t.fti ; 
 timber ; lumber. khia sam ; to shoulder a log. 
 toa sam, sam ki'a"; large and small logs. kji 
 
 sam ; to saw logs, ei ki sam ui° ku cO kui lo i 
 How many cuts will you have made in this 
 log ? cf ki sam cie" tng cie" tit \\6 t-p ki-kua" 
 sam ; this log is so long and so straight bliat it 
 will do for a flag-staff, ah sam phAe; bind np 
 in bark splints, toa ho sam, sie ho sam ; the 
 best and the poorest kinds of fir. sam mak ; a 
 knot in fir. ku cp sam tng ; saw it into lengths 
 crosswi.se (as for cotiins). khu chQe kp sam- 
 kfa" bue l&i tii ; get the smallest section of a 
 small log and brace this np. sam chieh ; the 
 girth of a log. 
 
 ^ sam 1 Three ; thrice ; several times. 
 
 * 726 2 sam ngwn kip tl ; the three 
 
 highest graduates of each degree. sam-kang- 
 che"; a dark purple, or plum color. cek jit 
 
 sam chang ; three meals a day. 
 
 n^x* sam 30 To taste ; to peck at ; to sip. 
 v^^^ 14 19 sam-khau ; to take a taste of. 
 boi pkng kp, e pua" e hd sam-khau c? ; buy and 
 lay it aside to take a bite of now and then, 
 ci'a put kiie si sam-khau kai mueh-kla", m si 
 h6 ciah pa kai mueh-kia"; this is something to 
 peck at merely, it is not a thing to satisfy 
 one's hunger upon, cek e pua" e sam-khau cii 
 hd, m ho ciah ke ; take a taste of it once in a 
 while, but do not eat much of it. 
 
 sam-peh To joke ; to jest. 
 
 180 i t3 sam-pgh ; she is 
 i hku" ta" sam-p6h ; he is fond of 
 
 joking, 
 raillery. 
 
 *^A sam 119 To spinkle with a powder. 
 T0 723 11 cang ieh-buah khu sam; 
 powder it with medicinal powder. sam cho- 
 khng ; sprinkle it over with chaff. 
 
 skm 190 Disheveled ; long and bushy. 
 
 723 11 i k&i mo" sam-sam ; its 
 
 feathers are thick and rough. cek thS,n-khak 
 mo" sam-sam ; his hair is all disheveled and 
 unkempt. 
 
 ^|=> sam 173 
 
 sam 173 A slight drizzling rain ; to 
 
 734 3 rain on. 
 
 h6 sam-sam ; fine, slow rain. hi'a sa" iTi cai 
 
 siu khi, sam h6, sam kau nS lok-lok ; did 
 not think to bring in the clothes, and the 
 fine rain has wet them so that they are drip- 
 ping wet. 
 
 — sang — 
 
 sang 82 Light, sandy, friable soil. 
 291 17 i hu kp kai thd si sang k&i ; 
 the soil there is loamy. i hu kp cng kai si 
 
 sang th6. boi kau kp; the soil thei'e is all 
 loamy earth, without clods. 
 
 XntL sang 96 sang-hii ; red coral. 
 •Tl/J 733 "6 h£l cu ; red coral 
 saug-hO teng ; a red coral button. 
 
 sang- 
 beads. 
 
 /ttg sang 172 
 
 .?C 787 10 
 
 with as a mate. 
 
 cCk sang di ; a pair of shoes 
 
 tfii ; a perfect match to it. 
 
 swords in one sheath. 
 
 A pair, a brace, a couple; a 
 match to any thing; to go 
 
 sfing sang seng 
 sang to ; two 
 
 sang 167 Rust. 
 tjlf 811 7 kauh kau se'sang; left in 
 a damp place till it is rusty, chie" tting sang; 
 has become covered with verdigris, thih chie" 
 sang ; the iron has rusted. cang kie" khu 
 
 chiu to sang ; take some ginger-root and rub 
 the rust oft the knife. 
 
 ^^ sang 190 Segregated, not compact ; 
 ;?j^2^ 830 8 loose, lax, slack; unimportant, 
 pang sang ; not stringent ; easy about. c\ kai 
 huap khah sang; this law is too lax. sim pang 
 sang ; keep your mind easy. chiu ce sang cQ 
 khut i kwn can khu ; as soon as I relaxed 
 my hold a little he slipped away. php kin- 
 
 kin, m kh6ng pang sang ; clasped it tightly 
 and would not loosen his hold, sang-sang ne, 
 bp sim-mih tS.ng; it is not at all dense, and not 
 very heavy, pak sang se-su, mai" liu si i ; tie 
 him up with a rather slack rope, do not choke 
 him to death. mki" khieh lio sang-sang siia"; 
 do not leave them all at loose ends in carrying 
 them. cek sin kai kun-kut sang-sang siia°- 
 
 siia"; he is very loose jointed. pang sang i 
 
 c6, mai" thp khah kin ; be easy with him, and 
 not demand the payment too urgently, soi lio 
 cek sin sang-sp cEi ; after bathing felt much 
 refreshed. ce bp nang kwn-li lio sang heh- 
 heh ; as soon as there is no one to take charge 
 of it, it gets all scattered about and out 
 of order. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 466 
 
 fll sang 18 To abridge ; to correct and 
 J 733 5 expunge; to edit and settle a 
 text; to reject, as an account, 
 sang do cek cliph ; to cut out a portion, leng- 
 ua" sang koi ; to alter and erase. sang id ce; 
 shorten by erasure. sang-kiam ; abridge, 
 
 sang cbun jieli coi ? Having expunged a part, 
 how much remains ? 
 
 sang 100 The increase of any thing ; 
 14 6 productions; spent; gone, 
 kuang ke tong-sang ; the estate is wholly 
 spent. cfa si i ko chut sang kai ; this is one 
 of the productions of the place where he lives. 
 
 sang 
 
 986 
 
 104 Thin ; lean ; poor. 
 
 10 lia ci ko kai tho-ti sang 
 cai ; the soil here is very poor, m pui m sang ; 
 neither very fertile nor very poor. ciah lai 
 
 sang-s6 ; has grown very thin, i kai nang ne 
 sang-sang ; he is very thin indeed. 
 
 yj[ftt sang 104 Rupture of the bowels or 
 /PJ 734 3 hernia ; pain from hernia. 
 i ti kai sang-khi pe"; he has a stricture. ciii 
 sang ; hydrocele. 
 
 sang 30 To lose ; to fail of getting ; 
 
 725 9 bereft of; out of mind, for- 
 gotten ; to desti'oy. 
 
 hiam-hiam sang se''-mia°; came very near 
 losing his life. i kai liang-sim sang cin ; he 
 has lost all conscience. hui" thau, sang khi ; 
 hang the head and look spiritless. kia" kau 
 mang hun, sang ta"; so scared as to be reft of 
 all wit and courage. 
 
 ^ 
 
 To accompany ; to wait on ; 
 to see a guest out ; to send 
 
 sung 162 
 _„ 832 "6" 
 a present; to give, 
 sang i chut mng ; accompany him a little way 
 from the door when he takes his departure, 
 sang kia"; to escort politely. sie sang ; ex- 
 
 change of presents, sang hue-hiin ; make wed- 
 ding presents, su ce, m sang ; excuse me from 
 going out to see you off. sang lo hui ; make 
 a present to be applied to travelling expenses, 
 sang loi-mueh ; send gifts appropriate to the 
 occasion. si sang ciii-loi a si sang kang-loi ? 
 Did the present consist of articles or of money? 
 sun huang siang sang ; may you have a fair 
 wind, sang sun huang ; accompany one start- 
 ing on a voyage, cia si sang nSk khu cie" tiam; 
 this is going with the meat to the chopping 
 block, sang khut lu; make you a present of it. 
 
 sang 64 
 208 14 
 
 sang phl°; to blow the nose 
 with the fingers. 
 
 — sap — 
 
 'W'll ^^P — '^^ °°'' ^P ^° ^°® particles ; 
 yY4 8 14 the noise of cutting, 
 sap chang cu ; prepare onion-tops for the table, 
 i kai to lo sek c&i, sap-sap-sap If-kwn loh ; he 
 handles his knife with dexterity, cutting down- 
 ward rapidly and incessantly. thia"-ki" sap- 
 sap-kie ; heard the sound of slicing something 
 soft and crisp, mai" sap tieh cWa ; do not cut 
 your hand in slicing downward. 
 
 sap 182 sue-sap ; grown old ; an ap- 
 722 5 pearance of neglect and 
 poverty in the person ; a falling off in personal 
 strength and comeliness. 
 
 thdi" tieh k^i heng-sin sue-sap ; appears un- 
 usually aged. 
 
 ,||P sap 24 A contraction of sa"-cap, 
 ' ' I 721 2 thirty. sap gua; over thirty, 
 sap-it ; thirty one. 
 
 — sail — 
 
 ^^ sau 137 A boat, used as a dwelling 
 745 7 place for a family, 
 sau-kong, sau-phua ; an old man and woman 
 of the class that live in boats. sau ki'a"; the 
 children of boat people. 
 
 -rw sau 75 A tapering leafless branch ; 
 TR 745 7 a switch. 
 
 ci ki bo biie-sau ; this branch has no long twig 
 at the end. hu ki kai biie-aau cu wn-chwn ; 
 the end of that branch is perfect. 
 
 ^'^ sau 64 To reject what is bad or 
 745 7 useless, 
 hu-biie kio i sau t(5 ce ; cut off more of the tail 
 of the fish, hu thau khah tng, sau tio cek ko; 
 there is too much of the head remaining on 
 the fish, take off a piece. 
 
 [j^g* sau 30 An expulsion of breath express- 
 K^ln 795 12 ive of languor or discomfort. 
 khS,m-sau ; a long-drawn audible expiration, 
 i kai khSm-sau keh ku-a koi° chii oi thia'-ki"; 
 his yawns can be heard several houses dis- 
 tant, i kai khi-ieh ho cSi, i ta" kham-sau 
 cek sia", khi cii ka-lauh ; his tooth-powder is 
 excellent, and he says one has but to give one 
 grunt and the tooth drops out. 
 
 sau 30 A cough ; to hack, to cough. 
 
 729 11 ka-sau pe"; a persistent cough, 
 ka-sau ieh ; cough medicine. kang sau ; a 
 
 dry cough. tham sau ; to cough and raise 
 
 phlegm, chwn sau; cough till panting ensues, 
 sau kau cie" kua" tap m tieh e khui ; cough as 
 if to break one's self in two. khiim-sau co bo; 
 give the signal by a slight cough. 
 
466 
 
 niCTIOKART OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 jl<^ sau 80 To patrol ; to act as scout ; a 
 H 14 747 Y guard-stntion, 
 ham i khu siin-pau ; tell hira to go and cruise 
 about on guard. sku koa"; officers in charge 
 of garrisons and stations. si c<5-8au kai kua° 
 a hi lu-sau ? Is it the officer in charge of the 
 right or of the left wing of tlie garrison ? 
 B^u-tham ; to ppy, to scout around. sau cGn ; 
 a vessel stationed on guard. 
 
 b^l> sau 177 A sheath, a scabbard. 
 
 794 7 keng cle" hi", to chut sau, 
 fi-pi hd-hd; all in readiness with bow strung 
 and knife unsheathed. 
 
 4;^ phu 64 To sweep, to brush, to clean 
 jfll 726 8 up, toclearoff, torid;abroora. 
 khic'li sau-sfu khi sau ; take a broom and sweep. 
 n)^i" Bau kau ph6ng-ph6ng eng j do not raise a 
 cloud of flying dust in sweeping. tleh bO cui 
 l/o tia" lai sau, sau Ifo tliO-hun c\a" boi eng 
 mtia'-ko, you must sprinkle the place by blow- 
 ing water from your month, before you sweep, 
 then when you have swept the dust will not 
 settle upon every thing. shn h6ng; to spoil 
 
 the pleasure ; to take away the enjoyment, 
 choh sio-bak sau kau cheng-khih ; cleared up 
 all the accounts. i u si lai tieh khia sau-sia- 
 thau lai ci i ; if he comes you must take the 
 broom-stick to him. khia sau-sfu-pc" but i ; 
 pound him with the broom-handle. IC'ng-Qa" 
 th,u ki sin kai sau-sfu ; put a new broom on to 
 the handle. tek-soi-siiu ; a besom of bamboo 
 twigs. chng-ti*'ng <ieh cang p6 sau cheng- 
 
 khih ; must take a cloth and brush the table 
 clean. mJii" sau ka-lauh much ; do not brush 
 the things off on to the floor. sau lo; sweep 
 the floor. Bau-tA clu'ik-be; rid the place of 
 
 highwaj-raen. i cek koi° siu-sau kau cheng- 
 tfam cfii ; she has made the place very tidy, 
 sau-soi-che"; a comet. 
 
 — se — 
 jUi se 7 A little. 
 
 . — *•- 796 5 se-su ; a little, kia" khui se- 
 su ; stand off a little. co bua se-su ; sit a 
 
 little nearer. ke se-su-ki'a"; just a very little 
 more, hin se-su-kia"; just a very little plainer, 
 se-sc-kia"; just a trifle. ca se-se ; just a little 
 earlier. 
 
 >M> se 120 Gauze ; gauzy; yarn. 
 ?|V^ 730 4 jio-se; crape, peh se; white 
 gauze, m ku se bo ; does not regard the gauze 
 hat ; does not care if he is turned out of office. 
 ml°-se ; mull. se theng; gauze window. se 
 teng ; gauze lanterns. liang se ; a coarse 
 
 lacelike fabric. ngo se 16 ; a fabi ic with five 
 threads and an interstice alternating. phang 
 se; to spin yarn. t6a se; to warp yarn. u-se; 
 camlet. la-se ; the caul. i 1(5 co se-Qa"-bue 
 kai seng-lf ; his business is that of exchanging 
 cotton rolls for yarn. kuah-se ; a coarse 
 
 sleazy fabric. khut i pak kau thong sin in-r 
 tio se-sua°; was stripped by liim to the last 
 thread on his back. 
 
 ^ 
 
 se" 98 Sacrificial animals, of which 
 742 6 there are six ; victims, 
 sa" se'; poultry, pork and fish. se" khiiu ; 
 
 carcasses prepared as offerings. phOi" ( ek hu 
 ngo-se" klm piii bin ; prepare a full complement 
 of victims and lay them before the gods, ceng- 
 se"; draught animals or cattle. chl ceng-se"; 
 rear domestic animals. 
 
 /rt Be' 100 To bear; to produce; to 
 . I * 742 arise, as an event ; to grow ; 
 to beget; to bring about the birth of; to ex- 
 cite ; to live ; to come forth ; life, vitality ; the 
 living ; manner of living; raw ; unpolished, 
 se' ki'a"; to bear a child. b6i se' ; sterile, 
 
 chin so" kfa"; own child. se' pe"; become ill. 
 sin-se"; a teacher. phSng se"; the whole life, 
 se' phfing bo ak su ; has done no evil in all his 
 life, fl se" 1 ; looks as if it were growing, hti- 
 se'; a preparation of raw fish. boi khu pang 
 se'; buy living creatures in order to set thera 
 free, an act considered to be meritorious, se'- 
 se" put 1° ; age after age in unceasing succes- 
 sion, se' Ifti ngfa ; is handsome. cfi se° clo- 
 se'; is naturally thus. se' cln kai ; pe"-seng 
 kai ; is natural, chau se' suah tu khwn; holds 
 the power of life and death. se" chut si ; to 
 be born into the world. se° jit; birthday, 
 
 chong i se' chut lai kai ; arises out of that, 
 thau thp se° kai ki'a"; the first born son. tlip 
 se"; viviparous, niig se"; oviparous, sip se"; 
 produced by moisture. hue se"; transformed, 
 thoh se°; the doctrine of rewards and punish- 
 ments by a second life. thau se" ki'a"; bear a 
 child by stealth. khin se"; set light by one's 
 life, se" khi; get angry, ciap tieh i kai se"- 
 khi ; prolong his life. se° koi ; have the itch, 
 se" ko ; become mouldy. bwn-bwu se"-leng ; 
 all living creatures. se"iing; lay eggs. hi 
 thoi" hu llap mueh kai si se" sira-mueh ? What 
 do you think that little sore is that is coming 
 out upon him ? nin kai hie"-li se" to ti ko ? 
 Where is your village located ? uang i pe-ljo 
 se" i kau cie" toa ! It is a pity that his parents 
 reared him ! i lien se" sin cu pun to m kii, 
 
 cp u kii pat nang ? Since he does not regard 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 467 
 
 Ilia own progenitors, liow can ho show con- 
 sideration for other people ? i se" khu kph ie" 
 cS,i ; he is very much deformed. i kai tliaa- 
 khak se" lara-sap ; lie has sores on his head, 
 arising from neglect. se" juah-panh ; has a 
 cold-sore, so" thue ; has boils. se" ci"; bor- 
 row money on interest, i c6i" se" coi" si si co 
 cck ak ; his sins in a former life were numer- 
 ous, hau-se"; 3'oung ; in the vigor of youth. 
 ai° cai c6i"-se" su, kira-se" siu-cia si ; would 
 you know what were the events in your former 
 state of existence, you have but to consider 
 what your present state of existence has been 
 made, tek se"; brutes, se" sua"; parturition, 
 hue" se"; a cross presentation at childbirth. 
 to se"; presentation of the feet first in child- 
 birth, cliui se" hu ; a charm to produce easy 
 parturition. chui se" lo ; a spiral shell, sup- 
 posed to hasten parturition. kin-ni kai tau 
 se" coi cai, ku-ni cng kai boi se"; the peas are 
 very productive this year, last year they did 
 not bear at all. se" thang ; have worms on 
 them, se" toa ; have grubs in them, mai" se" 
 kie" kue se"; it would have been better not to 
 have begotten you. mai" se" kie" pak ieh ; 
 prevention is better than cure, se" tak much; 
 have a malignant ulcer. i m hio se" si mng ; 
 he does not know in which way safety lies, u- 
 ci"-cia se", bo-ci°-cia si; the moneyed ones live, 
 the moneyless die. kia"-se"; a parasite ; 
 lichens, se" sek ; the income from money lent. 
 se"-iok ; lust, to se", cfe iang ; bear many and 
 rear few. se" tau-kia"; bear a son. se" cau- 
 kia"; bear a daughter. se" eu; lead to a dis- 
 turbance, se" tie ; give rise to an altercation, 
 ngvvn se" ngvvn si ; willing to stake his life on 
 it. tham se" pha" si; long for life and dread 
 death. si se" u mia"; life and death are as 
 fate decrees; no man can die till his time 
 comes, i se" giia su; he indulges in pleasures 
 which are not domestic, cu iu se" i"-lai iTi pat 
 th6i"-ki"; I never saw such a thing in all ray 
 life. tin'" se" cu-jien ; a natural production, 
 tau se", bo tau si; one gives himself up that 
 he may live, not that he may die. se" tak ; 
 to become poisonous. bo kp ho iong-se"; no 
 means of getting a living. se" khun td kai 
 kia"; have a son that is of no use. cek se" 
 nang ; all my life, se" i tit phu ; can surpass 
 her in bearing children. tieh i ka-ki to lai oi 
 se" pien ; he must be able to think it out for 
 himself, cia si i to se" ko peli-leh kai ; this is 
 prevarication on his part. 
 
 "Jl^^ se" 75 Manner ; method ; style; way. 
 ^^ 1073 11 cie"-se" ho, a hie"-se'' hd ? Is 
 this or is that the better way ? cSi-se"? cSi- 
 
 se"-ie" ? What sort of thing is it ? eu si cie"- 
 se"; that is the way it is ; nothing more need be 
 said about it. 
 
 se" 167 Cast iron. 
 809 ~5~ si thih kai a si se" kai ? Is it 
 of wrought iron or of cast iron ? se" ue ; a 
 
 cast iron pot. I5,m se"; pour out melted iron. 
 
 Q^ se" 130 Raw, minced flesh. 
 /JfE 809 ~9 hu se"; boned fish, 
 cho; the vinegar for boned fish. 
 
 hA 
 
 se" 109 A province of the empire ; to 
 743 4 save, to spare, to diminish; 
 to examine, to inspect ; watchful ; to awaken, 
 se" ci"; lessen the expense, se" su ; makes less 
 trouble, se" kiam; to reduce the outlay. s6"- 
 se" ne ; very sparing. cap-poih se"; the 
 
 eighteen provinces. se" sia"; se" hiae ; the 
 
 provincial capital, hun-hwt se"-hun ; sent him 
 to a post in the provinces. se" sp-hui; save 
 
 expense. hui-eng liah se" ce cu kau ; if the 
 
 outlays are frugally made, there will be enough, 
 se"-chak meng-peh ; investigate thoroughly. 
 S,u-lai cia" se"-ngp ; was afterward roused to a 
 sense of his danger. hue ke se" chin ; return 
 home and look after his own affairs. cia si 
 
 se"-ui kai, m si kia"-pang ; this one is a deputy 
 sent from the provincial capital, not a commi.s- 
 sioner sent from Peking. loh se"; cin se", jip 
 se"; kau se"; to go to the provincial city, chut 
 se"; leave the province. koi se"; convoy a 
 
 criminal to Canton. keh se"; the adjacent 
 
 province, piig se"; our own province. 
 
 J»^|^ se" 61 Natural disposition ; temper, 
 IzH 809 6 spirit ; a quality ; a property ; 
 faculty ; naturally, unconstrainedly. 
 se"-mia"; the life; one's existence. i nge se' 
 c5i ; she is very set in her way. se" nge cSi ; 
 obstinate, mulish, se" mai" khah kip ; do not 
 be too impatient. i kai se" siang kin, ci kai 
 se" cu mang ; his is an impetuous nature, the 
 other is more moderate. se"-cheng khwn-hiia; 
 an easy temper. u hueh se" kai nang; a per- 
 son who is quick to feel, and earnest in doing, 
 i I'o hio ieh se"; he better understands the na- 
 ture of the remedies. ci ie" ieh kai se" hang- 
 liang ; this is a cooling medicine. i kai se"- 
 
 cheng cai-se°-ie" ? What sort of a disposition 
 has she ? se" tieh khna"-khua" lang ; the right 
 spirit must gradually be developed. i kai se" 
 toa cS.i ; she has a high temper, hue se"; fiery; 
 hot tempered. hiie-se" phu ; his temper was 
 roused. se" chau-p5u ; has a violent temper. 
 pSu se" cai ; very cruel. se" un-jiu ; has a 
 
 gentle disposition. b6 se"; mild, amiable, tho 
 
468 
 
 DICTIONARY 07 THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 f^ 
 
 Be"; become less testy. i h<5 sira se"; she is 
 
 good tempered. raai° jfa kau i kai sfe" ph4 ; 
 do not provoke hira to anger. i k&i se°-thaa 
 m-hd eS,i, se" ce Isii mih much m kwn ; ho has 
 a very bad temper, and whenever it is roused 
 lie pays no heed to anything. se°-li kai cu; 
 
 mental philosophy, or metaphysics. pek-se°; 
 impetuous. khng-kbi i 6e° mai" pek ; exhort 
 him not to be hasty. phiah-se"; prejudiced. 
 ngS.u-se"; arrogant, ji'm-se"; patient, jim se°; 
 acts as he feels ; not self-restrained. sai-se"; 
 selfish, s^" kuai-phiah ; cross-grained. 
 
 se° 88 The surname of a family or 
 810 6 clan ; a clan; one of a clan, 
 kiii se" ? kau so" ? What is your clan name ? i 
 no nftng tfi.ng se"; they both belong to the same 
 clan. mai°-mia", mut se"; to conceal one's 
 
 name. i kS,i s!m-mih 8e"-sl ? What is his 
 
 surname ? peh-se"; the people ; the masses, 
 
 se" sim much ? Of what clan ? koh se"; an 
 
 odd name. pat se"; another clan. k6 se"; 
 old family names. toa se"; toa ji se"; a great 
 clan, sfe se"; mui° so"; pi se"; an humble name, 
 boi ui 86"; toh ui se"; phah (ii se"; to bet on 
 the names of the successful candidates. tin- 
 nek mla"-se"; to conceal one's name, hok s6"; 
 a double surname, a surname with more than 
 one letter in it. clah sang se"; belong to two 
 clans. cap se"; of various clans, ci kfii hie"- 
 \i cftp se"; the residents in this village are of 
 many different surnames. khia se"; the 
 
 largest clans in a village of mixed clans, cdk 
 se" chio, cek s6° phuh ; one clan is powerful, 
 and the other is weak. 
 
 — seh — 
 sell 64 To sprinkle salt. 
 721 12 seh iam ; to salt. tieh seh 
 
 lam cia" boi ien ; must sprinkle salt over it, 
 then it will not spoil. 
 
 — sek — 
 
 sek 64 To toss, to pitch, to fling. 
 71 15 sek kue lai, sek kiie kbu; 
 tossed to and fro. mai" khut i sek tieh ; do 
 not let it hit you as it flies. lia sek, lu cih ; I 
 will toss it, and you catch it. 
 
 sek 165 To unloose, to free, to lib- 
 . _ 767 13 erate; to open out the mean- 
 ing ; to relax ; to slight or let alone ; to leave ; 
 to melt or dissipate. 
 
 i m kheng sek chiu ; he would not loose his 
 hold. sek-pang i ; loose him and let him go. 
 sek-ka; the Buddhists, sek-kia-hut ; Sakya- 
 muni, the solitary, the monk of the Sakyas, 
 also called Buddha, who died B. C. 643. ci'a 
 
 m 
 
 cu kai cu-sek si ti-tiang cu kai ? By whom was 
 the commentary on this book written ? ci n5 
 mia", cilia" kua°-hu tiah-sek ; pray the magis- 
 trate to remove these two names from among 
 those of the persons who are to be punished, 
 li'ang ke hue hua, cp u jip sek-s(5ng ? The two 
 parties not having come to a reconciliation, 
 why enter an appeal to relax the prosecution ? 
 ci tie" sek-tia" kang-kho co cSi, liang ke sui-sl 
 ai" hua-sek uo tii" iTi tng; this plea for a 
 cessation of the prosecution is very difficult to 
 make, for although the parties desire a peace- 
 ful settlement to be announced, what has been 
 spoken cannot be recalled. cSu-huo kua" 
 
 khai-sek i, bo ah i ; fortunately the magistrate 
 released him, and did not keep him under 
 arrest, koi-sek; to explain, khu khng-sek i; 
 go and expostulate with him. 
 
 ■jll^ sek 75 To set np. 
 
 'Tla 71 8 phAe-sek ; to set up in life, 
 ci kai kia"-ti si hd phue-sek kai ; this youth is 
 one whom it is worth while to start in life, 
 tfti-t&i ph{ie-sck i; did much to give him a 
 start in life. 
 
 sek 184 To adorn, to paint, to orna- 
 767 5 ment; to set o£f; to gloss 
 over ; to pretend ; to patch up ; to brighten ; 
 ornaments. 
 
 i ta" t(S khui hok-sek pho ; ho now keeps a 
 shop in which theatrical costumes are sold. 
 ua" cek sin hok-sek, si ai" khu cp kheh k&i le"; 
 changed all his garments, as if he were going 
 out to pay a visit. fam-sek kau bp uung cai ; 
 kept it under cover, so that no one knew, gua 
 min hiin sek kau hd th6i" cfii ; the outside is 
 beautifully tinted. cuang-sek ; bedizened, 
 
 tricked out ; specious. i kai ta" ue ne sit-sit, 
 b6 cuang b6 sek ; what he says is perfectly 
 true, nothing is glossed or slurred over. si'u- 
 sek ; women's head ornaments. siu-sek ; to 
 brighten up, to adorn, to make comely by 
 repairing ; to paint and whitewash. 
 
 sek 56 A sample ; an example ; a 
 767 8 form, fashion, rule, or pattern; 
 to make like a copy. 
 
 hah sek ; like the sample. hah sim sek ; cor- 
 responding to the ideal. keh-sek ; the model, 
 huam keh-sek ; go contrary to the pattern, 
 ciia-kho-sek ; a copy slip. ji sia lai u thiap 
 sek ; the letters are written so well as to 
 be fit for a copy. bp khwn bp sek ; without 
 style or rule. lu ai" sim-mih khwn-sek kai ? 
 What sort of ones do you want ? i cf Su f- 
 keng sek-ngui ; he is latterly much reduced 
 in circumstances, cek sek ngun ; a dime. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THK 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 469 
 
 To leave, to abandon, to cast 
 away, to dismiss; to put aside 
 
 sek 40 
 
 60 10 
 or let go. 
 
 sek tio i bo t5 cbu ko, li'o to i kliu ; left his 
 wife there at liome and went ofi. sira ai" sek 
 tio, sek lu khO ; cannot dismiss it from my 
 thoughts. kui i sek pang ko ; let it go and 
 leave it there, sek tp-ko kang ni ; left behind 
 for about a year. khut i sek to ci kp, kang- 
 kh6 cSi ; left here by him, in great distress. 
 
 p^ sek 61 To rest ; to desist and repose; 
 i^?> 803 6 to produce; interest on money, 
 ang-sek-jit ; Sunday. hiah-sek ; to stop and 
 rest, sek no"; to appease wrath, lai-sek ; the 
 interest on money lent. u slm-mih chut sek 
 
 me ? Are there any perquisites ? se° sek ; bear 
 interest, cu-sek ; progeny, i kai cu-sek poh ; 
 she has but a small family, min ua", tSu sek ; 
 the people tranquil, and mai'auders quiet, sek 
 pia"; to suspend military operations. 
 
 sek 162 To accord ; to suit ; to chime 
 
 768 11 in. 
 sek i ; consonant with one's desire. bo cek 
 
 kai sek i kai i; there is not one that suits him. 
 i sek-i kai cu ho ; if he likes it that is sufficient, 
 cia put kiie si sek cheng ce ; this is nothing 
 more than taking a little relaxation. sek ngo 
 ii nang-kheh lai; just then a visitor came. 
 
 sek 149 Experienced ; versed in. 
 
 770 12 kjen-sek ; experience. kien 
 sek chim ; thoroughly versed in. ch"^n bo 
 
 kien-sek ; wholly without experience, sek sek 
 ci kia° su; versed in this business. 
 
 ^^ sek 139 Air, manner; form, color, 
 l| -^ 727 hue; complexion ; expression 
 of the face ; the deportment ; to look blandly; 
 mode, sort, kind, quality ; glory, beauty ; lust ; 
 a show of well dressed women ; in Buddhism 
 one of the six outward perceptions, that of form, 
 sek cui ; color. cliai co ngo sek ; adorned 
 
 with all the various colors, thia" tieh, min cu 
 cak sek; on hearing it, he changed color, che" 
 sek; green, the color of leaves, the colors found 
 in nature ; applied to various shades of green, 
 blue, gray and brown, ng sek ; yellow, chiah 
 sek ; flesh-colored ; the color of undressed 
 leather. p6h sek ; white. o sek ; hek sek ; 
 black. him sek ; indigo blue, ang sek ; red. 
 lek sek ; green. ci sek ; crimson. chi" sek ; 
 bright blue. th6-ang-sek ; pink. tu-kua" 
 sek ; a reddish brown. hun-clo sek ; dove 
 
 coloi-. hui sek ; hiie-hu sek ; gray. thien- 
 che° sek ; dark purple, tang-che" sek ; cream 
 color. chim sek ; a dark shade of this color. 
 
 chien sek ; a pale shade. lah sek ; mahogany 
 color, cap sek ; mixed colors. png sek ; the 
 natural color; undyed. jfam sek; to color, to 
 tint. ai" ni tl c6k sek ? What color do 
 
 you want it dyed ? th6i" tieh m cla" sek, 
 
 lu cia° sin ; it does not appear to be 
 thoroughly and fully dyed. sek-cek ; gloss, 
 luster, brightness of color, ni chut lai bo sek- 
 cek ; it is not dyed so as to give it luster, 
 chut sek kai n&ng-wn ; an officer above the 
 common run. bo mih chut sek ; not much be- 
 yond the common sort. mia"-sek ; reputation ; 
 fame ; good name. u mia"-sek kai nftng ; is a 
 man of repute. cok sek kfii ngiin ; pure 
 
 silver. sek sek ku chwn ; every sort is kept 
 on hand. koi" sek ; particolored. cia° sek ; 
 a solid color. hu kfti nang hau° sek, ci kai 
 
 n^ng cie sek-iok ; that one is inclined to be 
 salacious, the other is less libidinous, khi sek 
 increasing prosperity or impi'ovement. sek- 
 sin ngia cai ; the colors are beautiful, sek-lio 
 ai" co-ni phue-kah ? How are the dye-stuffs to 
 be compounded ? 
 
 •^j^ sek 61 To comprehend in all par- 
 
 iUi^ 804 7 ticulars ; minutely. 
 
 sek sek ; fully understand. i cu sek sek ci 
 
 kia" su ; he knows all about this. 
 
 sai kau 
 
 se" sek-n§k; he 
 
 mih nang cai sek ; make every one acquainted 
 with the details. sek thang ; thoi'oughly 
 
 acquainted with. 
 
 Jg sek 104 A polypus. 
 7© 804 10 i kai phi" 
 has a polypus in his nose. 
 
 ^hL sek 86 Ripe, mellow, mature ; well 
 7y\\ 780 11 cooked; acquainted with; per- 
 fect at ; skilled, experienced, apt at ; intimate, 
 very friendly. 
 
 pu bue sek ; it is not yet boiled through, kiie- 
 ci tng sek kS,i si-hau ; when the fruit is ripe, 
 chiu-cang-s^k kai suai"; mangoes ripened on 
 the tree, sek chiu ; a skilled hand, sek n^ng 
 bo I6i ; intimate acquaintances dispense with 
 ceremony. nang sek, loi m sek ; familiarity 
 breeds contempt. oh sek ce ; learn it more 
 
 perfectly. lien kau ne sek-sek ; practised it 
 till he became very expert in it. cek e loh 
 
 khu, cu boi ciah sek hi ; after one fall you will 
 not be able to eat cooked rice ; it will be fatal 
 to you. i no nang sie sek ; the two are 
 
 very friendly with each other, khia-khl khah 
 sek ; stayed there till he became too familiar, 
 pu khah kue sek ; boiled too much. kau sla 
 sek cu hd ; to cook it till it is nearly done is 
 enough, cu tieh thak kau sek-sek ; you must 
 learn your lessons perfectly. sfik nang cRi ; 
 
470 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 made Limself very much at home. sSk-sai ; 
 not at all diffident ; unabashed. sek sek ne, 
 mai° cu-s6i ; being well acquainted, do not 
 take thought about it. cia si lin clil s€k 
 
 kui ; this is one we have tamed. eng sek- 
 
 loi kliu in che"-16i Ifti ; employ a half-civilized 
 one to go and bring one of the aborigines. ci 
 tio 16 liu kau s6k ; have travelled this road till 
 I know it well. cia sek lo kia°; go by a well 
 known road. cfo° png b6i sek; the watched 
 pot never boils. tah i boi kai sdk-t&ng-sd ; 
 commission him to buy a wrought brass lock. 
 sek thng ; to make sugar, hi" ka c6 che" si, a 
 si 66k si ? Do you wish to buy a piece of stiff 
 silk, or of pliable silk ? sek n6k ; cooked 
 
 meat. s6k hA; cooked fish. sfik chftk ; a 
 thief who is acquainted with the premises, 
 sek min, sek min ; a very familiar face. Boi' 
 ca" sek; first scald it in hot water till it is done. 
 B@k ieh pho ; a shop where prepared drugs 
 are sold. 
 
 — seng — 
 
 rT [-* seng 24 A Chinese quart, dry or 
 • I 771 2 liquid ; to complete or bring 
 about; the 4Gth diagram denoting advauce- 
 ment ; to advance ; to rise, as in office. 
 n6 (fl,ng hi cek seng, cfip seng cu cp cek tau, 
 c&p tau CO cek cSeh ; two pints make a quart, 
 ten quarts make a pock, and ten pecks make a 
 chaldron. cek seng bi ; a quart of rice. n6 
 seng ci'u ; two quarts of wine. kua" chut lai 
 sengtng; the magistrate has come out and 
 opened court. ci-hde hfang seug-tng-phiu ; 
 
 the cannon announcing the opening of the 
 court has just been fired. tph jit seng 6" ; 
 
 choose a lucky day for raising the roof beams, 
 seng ki ; raise a flag. seng pin ; promotion 
 in rank. seng-cie°; to ascend, jit seng 
 
 khi hu, gueh tim loh khu ; as the sun rises 
 the moon sets. cie°-se" thoi" tieh I'o u seng 
 kang ; thus there appears to be more ups and 
 downs. ai°seng phu kiii chieh ? How many 
 feet should it be raised ? seng kui" sa° 
 
 chieh cu hd ; to raise it three feet more will be 
 sufficient. 
 
 seng 100 Relatives of other surnames; 
 742 7 the sons of a sister, 
 gua seng sun sai ; a sister's son's daughter's 
 husband. 
 
 I^f* seng 170 To rise, as in office. 
 I ~ri 771 7 sengkua"; promoted to office, 
 seng kua°, kkng ge-mng; promotion in rank 
 with diminution of power. ci jit kau seng ; 
 
 may you soon be promoted. seng jim ; obtain 
 a post. 
 
 seng 118 An instrument of the organ 
 742 5 kind, a Pandean pipe, com- 
 posed of thirteen dissimilar reeds inserted in a 
 gourd-bulb, with a bent blow-pipe ; the musio 
 is made by inhaling the air through the reeds, 
 kuh seng ; to play the Pandean pipe. 
 
 /rt seng 100 Life; the living; means of 
 
 ~fl 742 living, 
 hak-seng; students, mng-seng; disciple, pupil, 
 rang-seng ; an adherent. cu seng ; a scholar, 
 ui-seng; a physician. thien-biin-seng ; an 
 
 astrologer, seng toa"; actors, taking male and 
 female parts. bii-seng ; bii-seng-wn ; military 
 men. cia" seng; princes. Iftu seng; an old 
 man. seng-li ; trade, commercial transactions. 
 c6 seng-li uang ; those engaged in trade. ho 
 scng-lf ; a profitable business. 
 
 v|3. seng 21 -^^ '^P^' described as having 
 Qj^ 809 9 yellow hair, sharp ears, and 
 a human face. Strange stories are told of its 
 ability to speak, wear shoes, drink wine, and 
 go in companies. 
 
 nftng ta" seng 6i <k' ue, si m6? People say the 
 yellow ape can talk, is it so ? 
 
 seng 70 A banner. 
 
 993 7 chfa" seng pi'o ; request that 
 a worthy person may be honored with a scroll, 
 seng pio cak hku ; a testimonial to filial piety. 
 
 seng 75 The mulberry tree. 
 724 6 seng-sui cha ; mulberry 
 seng-sfii ci ; mulberries. 
 
 shng 19 To conquer ; to get the vic- 
 771 10 tory ; to excel. 
 
 nang hau" seng ; he loves to be first. 
 
 kiie pat nang ; surpasses other people, 
 phah seng ciang ; win a battle. tit seng tng 
 lai ; returned victorious. i n6 nang cien khu 
 m hun seug-hu ; neither of the two got the 
 advantage of the other in the fight, cien seng; 
 to overcome in battle. co seng si ; on the 
 
 winning side. hua-ki, ang seng ; the red 
 
 wins (in the game of chess). 
 
 ^fiH/ seng 149 Guileless ; sincei'e ; real ; un- 
 PWh 78 7 alloyed; really; verily; in fact. 
 6§ng-sira ; honest. sSng-keng ; pure-minded 
 reverence. tau seng; return to allegiance, 
 
 seng-sit ; sincere. ci seng cu oi kam-tong 
 
 sin-meng; entire sincerity will move the gods. 
 
 s6ng 76 The bastard banyan. 
 
 1147 10 seng chiu ; the banyan tree, 
 cia" gueh ceng tok, ji gueh ceng seng ; in the 
 first month plant bamboos, in the second 
 month banyans. 
 
DICTIOXART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 471 
 
 seng G4 To succeed to ; to take over; 
 78 4 to undertake ; to receive 
 and liold. 
 
 81 kio i seng pue kai ; is what ho has taken off 
 her hands; has superseded him in the posses- 
 sion or occupancy of it. cf ksli si kio nfiiig seng 
 kai ; tliis is something taken over from another, 
 ci'a seng-siu in khi ; I am not adequate to 
 this. hong-seng; adulation; flattery, seng- 
 ciap i kill chi'u ; take hold when he lets go. 
 seng tng m tit ; cannot bear up under so much; 
 cannot answer for it. i to tng seiig-hwt-pang 
 c6ng-su ; he is the officer in the Board who 
 receives and forwards dispatches. seng cie" 
 
 kai meng ; to receive orders from a superior 
 in office. cang i a-ti kai kia" lai sfiug i kai 
 hie"-teng; adopted his younger brother's son, 
 as a successor who should in his stead wor- 
 ship the manes. 
 
 ^^^ seng 1 To aid, to second ; a deputy, 
 "Cix 78 5 a coadjutor, an assistant, 
 seng-sie"; a prime minister (an ancient term). 
 kui"-seng ; a district magistrate's deputy. ji 
 ke si seng; they are coadjutors each to the 
 other. iah-seng ; a road-master superintend- 
 ing a station on a post-road. 
 
 ^ 1?i 
 
 4 In arithmetic, to multiply. 
 
 9 sng-sio put kue si eng kui in 
 seng tu kai huap ; calculation is merely the 
 use of the rules for division, addition, multi- 
 plication and subtraction. 
 
 ^ 
 
 S§ng G2 To bring to pass. 
 77 2 Bcng ciu ; accomplished, co 
 tit seng ; can compass it. co m seng ; could 
 not bi'ing it about. cp seng a bue ? Is it yet 
 completed ? m seng khi ; not fitted for the 
 
 position. seng jin khi; fitted for actual life. 
 ti seng pe"; to become sick. co seng li'o ; al- 
 ready effected, lu thoi" ci kia" su cp tit sdng ; 
 see whether this can be effected. seng teng ; 
 an adult, bue sdng teng; a minor, i kai chin 
 i°-keng cp seng lio ; his marriage is already 
 consummated. tph jit seng chin ; choose 
 
 the day for the wedding. ni seng phien tng ; 
 not amounting to a wholesale packet. kong 
 sgng, mia" ciu; honors attained and fame 
 secured. iSu-seng cai ; trustworthy. 
 
 ^ 
 
 seng 
 830 
 
 75 The pine tree. 
 
 4 seng-peh ; pine. sSng-hie°: 
 resin, pitch, seng thua"; charcoal made from 
 pine. seng-peh. lui ; pine cones. seng- 
 
 peh chin ; pine needles. Ip-hang-seng ; the 
 yew. 
 
 J seng 4 To seize the opportunity ; to 
 772 9 take advantage of; to avail 
 one's self of; hi arithmetic, to multiply, 
 seng u khang-khiah cu jip khu ; get in through 
 a crack, seng ki-hQe ; seize the cliance. seng 
 i h6 u-pi ; catch him unprepared, seng huang, 
 pang hue ; when the wind is right, set it on 
 fire, seng cf kai si io koi cp ; take advantage 
 of the drift in that direction, and it will be 
 more easily done. kui in seng tu kai sng 
 
 huap ; the rules for division, addition, multi- 
 plication and subtraction. seng ki cak-hvn ; 
 take the opportunity to revolt. seng picn 
 
 kia lai ; send it when there is a convenient 
 opportunity. 
 
 Plenteous; abundant; flour- 
 ishing ; exuberant; in per- 
 
 r^ seng 108 
 JOIL 772 T 
 
 feet condition, 
 jii buah ju seng ; the more I annoint it, the 
 more it spreads. mong-seng ; luxuriant ; 
 
 affluent ; thrifty. seng sue ; to thrive or to 
 
 decline; growing vigorous, or failing in health, 
 ci-hue cia° to seng kai sl-hau ; this is a pros- 
 perous time with it. tho hue seng khui kai 
 si-hau ; when the peaches are in bloom, i kai 
 hiie to seng; the fever is increasing. hue ip 
 seng, phah in kue ; the fire is burning more 
 hotly, and cannot be extinguished. chak-si 
 
 seng; the rebels gather strength. cia si i 
 
 cek tng seng i ; this is his idea about it. 
 
 m 
 
 si 146 The west. 
 
 788 tong-si ; east and west ; all 
 between the east and west ; anything; frequent- 
 ly used as a term of reproach. hu khi nung 
 ill si tong-si ; such people are of no account ; 
 they are of no use in the world ; they are no- 
 body, hia, au tong-si ; they are worthless 
 trash. kai si sim-mih tong-si ? What sort of 
 thing is it ? 
 
 si 149 Poetry ; verse; odes ; hymns. 
 759 6 cp si ; compose verses. cek 
 siu si ; one stanza, song si ; ngim si ; to sing 
 or chant hj'mns. si kp ; si chp ; the rough draft 
 of a poem. si toi ; the title or prelude of a 
 
 poem, sikiisi; verses of four lines. si nek; 
 the ode itself. si bun ku ho ; the odes are 
 
 excellent. cek tlo si ; a poem or hymn, toi 
 si ; improvise a stanza, ho si ; match rhymes, 
 via cp tio si lu ho ; I will compose an ode, and 
 you compose another having the same rhymes 
 throughout. khieh png si tin lai ch6 ; get a 
 book of standard rhymes and see whether this 
 is a correct rhyme. si-ong ; a poet, si kia"; 
 
472 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THK SWAIOW DIALECT. 
 
 a classic poem. si su kp hii ; verses, ditties, 
 odes and songs, si lu ; a fellow rliyinster. 
 
 ko si ; ancient poetry, ngo ng&n si, chit ngan 
 si ; verses with five or with seven words in a 
 line, pai-lut si ; a canto, a long poem. chit- 
 ]tt si ; a sonnet of eight lines with seven words 
 in a line. chit coh si ; a stanza of four lines, 
 with seven words in a line. ng5 c6h si ; a 
 
 stanza of four lines with five words in a line, 
 chi-thiap si ; poems given in at the exam- 
 inations, si ku; four lines of rhyme, i k&i 
 si sit llara kA,i ji ; his poem has one false 
 rhyme in it. hd si-hix ; a good song, chiara 
 si ; an oracular response in verse, obtained by 
 drawing a lot referring to a number on the 
 table of oracular versos in a temple, 
 
 si 142 Spiral or cronulatod, as shells. 
 758 10 16-8i ; screwlike ; spiral ; a 
 cork-screw. 16-8i khak ; spiral shells. Ip-si 
 teng ; a screw, lo-si jwn ; a nut which works 
 upon a screw, 16-si iTi kali, jwn iIi loh ; the 
 screw does not fit, and will not go in when 
 turned, i k&i teng 6ng Q 16-si a bp ? Has the 
 lamp a screw at its top ? ci kai cun-chui cng 
 u Ip-si ; the top of this flask screws on. 16.si 
 khatn ; a top that screws on. Id-si kua ; a 
 
 cover that screws on. si-ham ; the ribbed 
 
 scallop. 16-si khah siap, jwn m chut ; the 
 
 screw works with such friction that I cannot 
 screw it out. 
 
 si 44 A corpse. 
 
 757 C si'-si ; sin-si ; si-sfu ; si h&i ; a 
 corpse. sin-si ti-tiang khji siu i ? Who has 
 gone to bring in the bodies ? ngiara si ; hold 
 an inquest. si chin khu kp kua°; the rela- 
 
 tives of the dead went to complain to the 
 magistrate. nglam tieh kai si bo sie"; found 
 no wounds on the body at the inquest, i si 
 thii-ltia ; remove a corpse to another person's 
 house in order to implicate him in the murder, 
 cieh si hwn hun ; borrowed another body, 
 his own having been buried, and returned to 
 life, ngo lo pun si ; to pull a person in pieces 
 by attaching oxen to drag in five different 
 directions, caug i kfii si pang sia" gua hp- 
 lua ; put the corpse outside the city wall as a 
 warning to the people. 
 
 *^»t^ si 120 Silk as it comes from the 
 ^V|\ 835 9 cocoons ; silk in general ; the 
 fibers of nettle hemp and other plants ; silky ; 
 fine, flossy ; small, minute ; to sew with silk ; 
 a cord, a line, a fiber, a wire ; veins in wood ; 
 in decimals, a hundred thousandth, or the 
 hundredth part of a cash ; stringed instruments 
 of music. 
 
 ch6i' si ; the silk of silkworms. i si hu-si 
 
 kheh, lai boi hu-si "khx ; he is a silk buj'er who 
 has come to buy raw silk. si-mi"; silk wad- 
 ding, used for linings or in shrouds, pue si 
 eng-deh m&k ; a gossamer thread floating in 
 the air, got into his eye. coih cp nek-si ; cut 
 it up into shredded meat, tlioah chki-th&u si; 
 grate turnips into shreds. tliiu si ; reel silk 
 from the cocoons. ti-tu si ; a spider's web. 
 li h&a si hut ; the very least particle, t&ng si; 
 fine copper wire. p6 cheng si si tiu lin Ing; 
 dresses in silks and satins. si-sua"; sewing 
 silk, si chau; silk goods, koi si ml"; chicken 
 stew, ng^^Q si ; tine silver wire, ng^in si-ml"; 
 white vermicelli. c6ih cek si cek si ; cut it up 
 in fine strips, ih\ kan s6i-si s6i-si ; pick it 
 into shreds. si hka b5i khueh-khiara ; does 
 not lack a particle, khang si kiie meh; stretch 
 a silken thread to test the pulse upon. kS- 
 t!eh se" si ; it is stringy when you bite into it, 
 i k&i nQa" se" si; his saliva is rop}', phui 
 chut l&i, i kili ihhra teng toa Q hueh-si ; wheu 
 he expectorates, there are flocks of blood in 
 the phlegm, die" si ; raw silk, sek si; twisted 
 silk. ung si ; slackly twisted silk. ngu si; 
 hard twisted silk. i si clah th!o-si, a si ciah 
 cho-si ? Does he use coarse or fine cut tobacco ? 
 p6h si hun; pale colored fine cut tobacco, kira 
 fii; n^ si ; fine cut yellow tobacco. be biie si ; 
 horsehair used as thread, tiie Q tio si tp-kp; a 
 thread is hanging to it, kliioh khut ch6i° ke° 
 si ; lot the silk-worms spin silk over it. ti-tu 
 tui si Iph khu; the spider lets himself down 
 by a filament, sap kau si-si ; hash it up fine, 
 thiu lui khah toa si; shaved it up into too large 
 strips. fie"si; is stringy. th6-si ci; seeds of 
 the dodder, a medicinal plant, used as a tonic. 
 
 m 
 
 si 80 To control, to manage, to pre- 
 835 2 side over ; a commissioner, a 
 superintendent, an officer ; a court or office ; a 
 subdivision of a district, like a township, 
 ang-chak-si ; the provincial judge, iam-un-si; 
 the salt commissioner. pii-ceng-si ; the com- 
 missioner of the revenue. sa° si ; the three 
 commissioners, (above named), liangsi; the 
 minister of justice, and the salt commissioner, 
 phah kna°-si ; engaged in a lawsuit, si-gek ; 
 the jailor, kak po kai si-wn ; directors in the 
 various Boards, kong si ; a public company, 
 like the old East India Company; a mercantile 
 firm ; a managing committee of officers. si 
 meng cau sin ; the god of the kitchen. ti- 
 tiang t(5 si su ? Who has the direction of the 
 affair ? ti-tiang to cp si-su ? Who acts as 
 superintendent ? chi miig i s<5 si ho su ; 
 inquire what he superintends. 
 
DICTIONART OF THK 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 473 
 
 khiu i si un ; be- 
 
 sok-sok si kia"; 
 
 si cii; beiiefaotor. 
 
 si si'a ; bestow in 
 
 si ciah ; distribute 
 
 si 70 To bestow ; to distribute ; to 
 
 758 6 relieve. 
 Bi uu kliut i ; favor biin. 
 sought him to show luercy. 
 speedily grant that it be so 
 toa si cu ; great benefactor, 
 charity, si ci ; give alms. 
 
 food. si kna''-bak; to give away coffins. si- 
 pnii kiii ciah ; feed destitute spirits. si t§, si 
 leh, si ti", si bi, si kue-loih, si phiia-luu"; 
 distribute tea, medicine, cash, rice, splint hats, 
 and old clothing. jCiah thi"-sl si kue-si", chin 
 thi°-si si hue-thang; in hot weather give away 
 palm-leaf fans, in cold weather, braziers. si 
 
 ni ; contribute funds for paying physicians, i 
 cii bo si ui If; he can do no more. ki s(5 put 
 ai", mai" si i nang ; what you dislike others to 
 do to you, that do not do to them, si hue-sua- 
 tho, pi-cieh ; to aid by giving mortar to build 
 the tomb and a grave-stone. cek chiet si-ci 
 kai su to nang kai lak ; alms-giving must be 
 according to one's ability. 
 
 I—I si 44 An eflBgy of an ancestor ; 
 / 754 living persons were anciently 
 
 dressed to personate them, and were then 
 worshipped. 
 
 khi kau sa° si sin pSu-thio ; danced and hopped 
 about from the excess of his rage. ko-ca kai 
 ci CO, sip-lip u kai si, tng co c6, cheng i c6 kai 
 liok-sek ; in the ancient worship of ancestors, 
 an image was made to represent the ancestor, 
 and wore the ancestor's clothing. 
 
 ^A . si 1^ The clue, connection or link 
 ,>|^ 181 1 which joins things, 
 si-si ; a genealogy. i kai si-si kio nin sie 
 
 tang me ? Is his genealogy the same as yours ? 
 
 -C^pX si 118 To divine with stems of the 
 fW 759 7 milfoil or mayweed, 
 eng si-chau lai si kai khiie ; take milfoil and 
 try what the lot will show. 
 
 "tX*^ 81 88 The beginning ; opening ; a 
 y>\\ 761 6 start; to commence ; the ear- 
 liest ; to be first ; as an initial, then, at that 
 time, was. 
 
 khi-si ; the first. sf cong boi pien-ek ; from 
 beginning to end there is no variation, ti kia' 
 su kai si-mwt lu ta" lia thi:i°; relate the whole 
 affiiir to me from beginning to end. ci'a si ti- 
 tiaug chang-sf kai ? Who invented this ? sf- 
 c6 ; the founder of the family. cQ si ci cong; 
 from beginning to end. kau ta" si cai i si lip; 
 know now for the first time that it is excellent. 
 CO su ill ho u si bo cong ; in whatever one does 
 he should not mnke a commencement and 
 reach no termination, 
 
 "EK" sf "78 To die ; dead ; death ; ghastly; 
 ^W 836 2 mortally; dangerous; fearless 
 to the death ; a superlative after a verb or an 
 adjective; urgent; intense; fixed, not movable, 
 phah si; beat to death. hai si nfiig ; be the 
 death of somebody. i7i cai si; reckless ; knows 
 no fear. i kjli sim bue si; he has not yet 
 
 become indifferent to it. cie°-se" i kai sim 
 
 cia" sf ; thus his desire for it will die out. si 
 lo ; a dangerous road. i bue hio so" si miig ; 
 he does not yet know in which way safety or 
 danger lies. r7i pat si, sph cO gut.; did not 
 
 know what death was, and mistakenly tliought 
 she was asleep. khi si n&ng ; vex one to 
 
 death. s/ laa, sf cui ; stagnant water. hti 
 kai ti-hng si si ti ; that is dangerous ground, 
 si nfing khut; a beastly hole, i si pe" si, m si 
 kliut nang thai si; he died of disease, not by- 
 violence, kia" si ; scared almost to death. 
 16 si; mortal hatred, lieng si; hun si; exceed- 
 ing dislike. khut i poh si kliu; worried to 
 death by him. coi kia" go .si pe ; numerous 
 progeny bring starvation to the father. ai° si, 
 boi tit si; is anxious to die as soon as possible, 
 cia hau-peh-cheh si ai" cp si kai a uah kai ? 
 Do you wish to have these shutters made with 
 movable or immovable slats ? si cue ; a 
 capital crime. i cie"-se" si hwn-lio khah tak 
 khut i ; he deserves a heavier punishment than 
 death. cue put ci si; a crime not punishable 
 by death. i pe" kau ai" si ; he is sick unto 
 death. kS si m hau" pang; sets his teeth into 
 it with deathly grip, and will not let go. tui 
 si rri jin ; though beaten to death, will not 
 confess. se" si pia" kau seng; redouble the 
 exertions, and thus win in a straggle between 
 life and death. m ngwn si; not willing to 
 risk his life for it. ta" tieh i ngvvn si ; says 
 he is willing to die for it. mai" wn-khut si 
 nang ; do not oppress people intolerably. i 
 boi si; he is not going to die. ai" si ai" iiah ; 
 ai' tue nang se" si; will cast in his lot with 
 such an one whether it be to lire or to die. 
 tiii nang sf ; oppose to the death, si kau ngo- 
 nge; stone dead. thai si tu ; to kill hogs. 
 khua"-\iah sf; die a peaceful death, cham si; 
 die miserably. khd si i ; pester him to death, 
 i h<5 si lio ; he might as well die now. ciu si 
 cQa ; swear to die for an object. kiii liu si; 
 throttled by a demon, te" si; kill by choking 
 with the hand, te" si; ke si; cuang si ; tie" cp 
 si kai ; to feign death. hu si mak ux khoih ; 
 a fish does not close its eyes when dying. si 
 lio mak kira-kira; after he was dead his eyes 
 remained wide open. Ifi si to bp eng; yon 
 may kill yourself by your exertions and all will 
 be of no use. i si sf kio, kio k^u ji-ke phok 
 
474 
 
 DICTIOKAUT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 kliu ; he will incite them to mortal strife, till 
 botii parties are exterminated. teh si ; crush 
 to death, kekwi; suffocated, sie Kf ; burned 
 to deaMi. thoi i si; die in his stead. puah 
 81 ; killed by a fall. kau sf, cek 8e°; teu to 
 
 cue he will die. 
 
 Ill t si 81 Four ; all around ; everywhere. 
 I- — I 836 2 Ri khiii ; the four seasons. k\ 
 Bi kai kue-ci to hd cinh ; the fruits of all the 
 seasons are edible, si-pang; four sided, square 
 or oblong. h\ kak ; quadrangular. si ci", n\ 
 th6i; the limbs; the whole body. si mak bd 
 chin ; a stranger among strangers. si ci ; 
 
 environs, jih-si; twenty-four. si-ciu-(ii ; all 
 around. niiia" sj-chu ; in every direction, si 
 ui to si sua"; there are mouritains on all siden. 
 si phi" b6 huang-gili ; no obstacle in any direc- 
 tion. si mill ; evei'y quarter. si hai ; all the 
 ■world. si ink chu u; it is t« be found in ever 
 so many places, si mng pe" kin ; all the gates 
 barricaded. si lo ne tit-tit; straight roads in 
 all directions, si l5 thio-lit; a straight course 
 everyway. sa" si hue ; three or four times. 
 
 Bi ngo tug ; four or 6ve times. cp kau si pe" 
 poih un ; made plain and safe in all quarters. 
 61 thong poih tiik ; opens out in all directions, 
 (as a pa.ssage). si tfti thien ftang ; four demon 
 kings whose images are placed at the doors of 
 monasterios. si-put-slang; unlike every body 
 else, a name of the Elephurus (htvidii. si mak 
 sie tui ; stand and look at each other and do 
 nothing, si chio tili-lau ; holding office during 
 the reigns of four e'mperois. si thio ; the 
 
 letters denoting the time of one's birth. cle" 
 si hii, e si hii; the officials of the upper and 
 lower portions of the province. 
 
 JIXa si 1 An age, a generation; the world; 
 |ii* 7G3 4 mankind; times; life; seasons; 
 experience of life; hereditary; successively; 
 to enfeoff; during the times of; from age to 
 nge ; perpetual ; in divination refers to diagrams 
 which denote one's self. 
 
 fii-kang; the world. cSk si nang; all my life; 
 one life time. si to ; generations. se' chut 
 si ; boi'n into the world, kiie si ; to die. kim 
 se" kim si ; the present age. si cie"; now-a- 
 
 days. si-cle" nang; si-kang n&ng; people of the 
 present time. si-kai h(5 a lu-hd ? How go the 
 times with you ? i cng kai m hi'o si-cheng ; 
 he does not at all understand the circumstances 
 in the case. phueh si-cheng ; talking about 
 
 the condition of things. i kai nang si-cheng 
 cSi ; he has great knowledge of the world. i 
 kio i si si hia".tl, m si si cek-tiet ; he is of the 
 same generation as they, not of a succeeding 
 
 one. si kau ; friends of many generations, 
 
 si-.-'ip kai kua"-ciak ; a hereditary office and 
 title. si ke ; an old and honorable family, 
 
 sip-sek 81 ki] ; become acquainted with the 
 world. thvvn kau ta" jieh coi si; has been 
 
 handed down through many generations. ji 
 si CO ; the sou of the founder of the family. 
 
 ^M/ si 19 Power, authority, influence ; 
 ^^^ 765 11 pomp, dignity, grandeur; 
 strength, or that wherein it lies ; resources ; 
 virility ; air, exterior, figure, condition, state of. 
 si-lak ; vigor, prowess, force. Q si-luk kai 
 
 nang ; a man of influence. ni-si sit-c^i toa ; 
 
 lias really great dignity. kh<\n-si ; authority, 
 hd si-thau ; a good omen. heh-si ; to biow- 
 
 beat. to si si ll kai nang; is one who fawns 
 on the rich. sit si; to lose influence. Ifii-si 
 sIm si hiong ; has a savage look. i mill su to 
 ai" sai si ; he likes to exercise his authority in 
 every thing. i k&i si kliah tOa, nang iTi chap 
 i; he is too authoritative and people will not 
 a.ssociate with him. cfa si si t-6 pit-jien ; this 
 is something that I am compelled to insist 
 upon, heng-si; aspect, position (said of places 
 or buildings). sdng si, jlo khu ; improve the 
 occasion and drive them out. i nO niiiig td 
 
 pf kliun si; the two are showing off their skill 
 in boxing. ke-si ; the style in which a thing 
 is done; the adaptation of the manner to the 
 circumstances. i k&i ke-si pi khu ho ; he 
 
 displayed his skill to good advantage. mong 
 lai b6 ke bu si; brandished (his weapons) 
 without skill. kp ciin, kp Ifu bd ke bo si ; 
 
 rowed the boat in a very awkward way. cO 
 
 l&i si si; does it as if he knew how. ciii-si 
 
 kau ci-kp kin cJli ; the current is very rapid at 
 this point. hiie-si i6 seng, phah lu cil ; the 
 
 fire is increasing its fury, and they cannot 
 stop it. kah nung kah nang kai chiu si ; each 
 has his own way of doing tliing.s. c6 lai be-si 
 hp ; he sits well on a horse. kiia" ci kai si 
 
 cisi" koi cp ; take advantage of the drift in that 
 direction and yon can do it easily. to kai 
 
 si cu thio kue khu; get an impetus by starting 
 at a little distance away, and then jump acicss. 
 cla i ke-cu kai si ; depends on liis master's 
 power. i kai ua li-tiang kai si ? Whoise in- 
 fluence does he rely on ? i u si hd khut- 
 nftng ua ; he has authority on which people 
 may depend for help. tieh cieh-.si cieh-si ne ; 
 must not place too much confidence in its 
 strength. u si mai" cin sai ; do not lay out 
 all your strength. i boi sio-li lia-ciang tha 
 nang kai .»<i cu td ui-hong; he is not ashamed 
 to put on an appearance of great dignity, 
 relying wholly on the power of other people 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 476 
 
 for snstaiTiing it. sun i kai si ; follow its 
 
 drift; go according to the grain. elu si pliah 
 Bi ; meet foi'ce with force. i b6 rnih si ; he 
 
 is not very influential. i kai si si ciali tui 
 
 l)U-k6 khu ; its force trends in that direction. 
 pe"-si cai-se"? What is the tendency of the 
 disease ? thoi" i kai sii si si ju ho ; see what 
 shape the rantter takes, si si; fashionable; 
 
 ptylish. hi kliu kau thoi" si ; you go and see 
 how much force there is to be overcome. si 
 nge, si niig; aggressive force or defensive 
 force. ke-si liain c5i ; the aptitude acquired 
 by practise is very great. huaug si ; the 
 
 force of the wind. 
 
 si 187 A team of four horses. 
 \\^\^ 836 5 cOk ngan ki clmt si be lang 
 tui ; when a word is once spoken four horses 
 cannot bring it back. si be thua cliia; a four 
 horse chariot. i kai elm co si-be-thua-chia 
 
 khi ; his house is built with two pairs of rooms 
 in fi'ont of the main hall. 
 
 si 160 To decline, to refuse ; to 
 10.33 12 take leave of. 
 1 kliu si i ; he has gone to decline his proposal, 
 si i iTi khu ; cannot refuse his offer. si-piet 
 
 ceng nang ; take leave of them all. sie si ; 
 
 take leave of each other, i bo sie bo si cu khu; 
 he went off without bidding any one good-by. 
 chui si; to excuse one's self from doing a thing. 
 si kia" thiap ; a /). p. c. card. m si lau-kho ; 
 does not shirk labor, nge si i; firmly declined 
 liis offer, i i"-keng si su; he has already with- 
 drawn from the affair. si kua"; resign office, 
 si ceh ; resign a post. tfen-siu put leng si tit 
 ceh ; the one in charge cannot lay aside the 
 responsibility of his position. 
 
 ^b 
 
 ^^^. pi 21 A spoon. 
 
 ^ - 760 9 cek ki si ; one spoon, thng- 
 fii ; a soup spoon. te-si ; a tea-spoon. cek 
 kah thng-si; a set of ten spoons. cui si; a 
 
 spoon used in wetting ink. hue-si ; a trowel, 
 sp-si ; a key. 
 
 ^ 
 
 si 72 Time ; a .season ; a period ; a 
 759 6 Chinese hour; a quarter of a 
 year ; an occasion ; an opportunity ; now; 
 timely ; convenient ; recent ; in season ; to 
 time rightly; to take a fit time for; to be; 
 ■when, while, during ; as ; then; at that time; 
 sometimes. 
 
 cek jit cap-]! kai si-sln ; each day is divided 
 into twelve Chinese hours. cek kai si poih 
 
 khek ; each Chinese hour is divided into eight 
 periods, siii-si ; immediately, ciet-si ; forth- 
 
 with, cek-si cu hi"; want it at once. cle°-s! ; 
 the other time. e si ; next time. cie"-ftl | 
 lately. cf Ie° mueh si-heng c&i ; this sort of 
 thing is quite the fashion. ciu-si; straight- 
 way, thi" si ; the weather. cf hue sim-mih 
 si-hau ? What time is it now ? si-si khek- 
 
 khek bo li-khiii ; do not leave it for an instant, 
 i i7i sek si-bu ; he is unacquainted with the 
 world. soi" tiang-si ; formeily. bin si ; at 
 present. II tiang-si ? When ? hu si; pf si ; 
 hu cek si ; at that time. si-si, sie''-si ; con- 
 
 stantly ; always. siap-si-kang ; a little while, 
 ke cek siap si ; after a while. lia si kang cii 
 lai ; I came a moment lat-er. bo cek si di"; 
 
 have not a moment's leisure. si sie"; all the 
 time. hah si a i7i hah si ; seasonable, or un- 
 seasonable, si-thau, si bue, si tong ; the 
 beginning, the end or the middle, of a period, 
 mih .si jit ? At what time ? hu kai si-coih ; at 
 that period si si kai hue-bak long-cong ceng 
 u ; have all the vegetation of all the four 
 seasons. tng si ; tng khi si ; at the time, 
 
 i si put si lai i kp ; he comes to their house off 
 and on at all times, si-ceng ; a clock, si-pie; 
 a watch. ca si ; aforetime. ko si ; ancient 
 times. u si u, u si bp ; sometimes there are, 
 and sometimes there are not. tau si put tiara, 
 tiam si put tau ; when he is there it is not roll- 
 call, and at roll-call he is not there ; when he 
 is there he is not wanted, and when he is. 
 wanted he is not there. m tiii si; untimely, 
 m tit si; not suited to the occasion, hii si ; in 
 time. tieh hu si; must be in time. cu si 
 tlu'u si, in al, biiu si, sin .si, ci si, ngo si, bi si, 
 sin si, lu si, sut si, hSi si ; the twelve hours of 
 the day from 11 P.M. to 11 A.M. 
 
 fc V*. si 88 A family ; it once denoted 
 •4"^ 763 the head of a clan, but now 
 indicates that the person is a woman, 
 se" si; the clan. 16 si; of the Lo family, huang 
 mng If si ; Mrs. Huang nee Li. kai si; the said 
 female. sek si ; the Buddhists. tie" sS 
 
 ke-ble ; the ancestral hall of the Tie family, 
 tiii chi mih si ? What is his wife's family 
 name ? 
 
 bI 147 To see ; to inspect ; to take 
 763 5 knowledge of; to behave to ; 
 
 have regard to, 
 
 sun-si ; to visit. i kai m&k klin-sJ ; she is 
 
 short sighted. khin si ; to despise. mlo°- 
 
 si ; regard with contempt. 
 
 si 9 To reconnoiter ; to spy. 
 837 5 ch&k td kui-si i ; thieves are 
 reconnoitering it. tieh eng kai n^ng l&i hdk- 
 81 ; must employ some one to reconnoiter. 
 
476 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 # 
 
 sl 61 To trust to ; to look to for 
 
 761 6 protection. 
 6i hi khi-lifl nSng ; rely on his profeftion in 
 imposing upon people. si cliai ui ta°; trust 
 in riches for audacity. cQ-sI ; self-confident, 
 cfa iji-h(5 si ; tliis is not to be relied on. sl-tio, 
 tl-phwt ; impudent and aadacious. 
 
 si 9 Following, as an attendant. 
 *J 761 6 si-cai ; a butler, hok-si ; to 
 
 wait on; to serve. sl-nng; a gentleman in 
 
 waiting ; a Vice-President of a Board. 
 
 „HL f'f Z2 To be ; it is so ; it is proper, 
 ^s^ 762 6 denoting a quality of truth 
 rather than mere existence; right, correct; 
 that which the mind approves, 
 si a m si ? Is it so or not ? si cie'-se"; that is 
 the case ; that is all there is to say about it. 
 b1 ; si a ; yea. i7i si ; no ; not so. si kfti put 
 l§ng a cp i7i si; what is so cannot be made other- 
 wise by aigument. si li<5 si khinp to c6 t6 ci; 
 good or bad, they are all liere together, si cin 
 a si ke ? Is it real or artificial ? kha si cie'- 
 se" ? How can it be so P bI 1j6° kui ua ta" 
 
 cai ; whether so or not, tell me. el .'^it ; in 
 
 very truth, i Ifti pfio put si ; lie came to cor- 
 rect a mistake. i si t6 hd-kd sa" nl; he was 
 there three yeai's. rli cai si nftng a si kui ; do 
 not know whether it was man or demon. i si 
 
 f)6° t6-k6 ; he is sick. i si iTi c6ng tS kfa"; she 
 las no children. i si Iti kfti tl-tiang ? What 
 relation of yours is he ? i si lai jip un kfii cla 
 k&i ; be has been naturalised among us. in ft 
 bI Q li, cieh Iftng-ld ; if they have any, borrow 
 a little, in si chak ; they are thieves. 
 
 si 118 To show } to make known the 
 763 will of heaven to mankind ; 
 to signify ; an edict or notice from an official ; 
 a manifestation or revelation } a prognostic or 
 sign. 
 
 chut ko.si ; issue a proclamation. ka-sl ; to 
 
 instruct. kg t6 siii°-umg-kha si ceng ; wear- 
 ing the cangue at the city gate, as a warning 
 to all. ci-sl ; to indicate ; to intimate; to 
 
 Buggest. u chut si, a bue G ? Has any no. 
 
 tice of it yet been issued ? 
 
 7J^ 
 
 al 
 
 ^ -i, ^^ ^^1 ^^^^ condiments. 
 
 M^A 764 4 si-la;soy. tSu-sI.pd ; bean 
 
 catsup. hiang.si ; spiced catsup. ka"-na 
 
 8i ; olives stoned and salted, 6 si : dried salt 
 
 oysters. 
 
 y^ M 149 An oath. 
 
 j^ 765 7 hwt si ; take an oath. tng 
 t^i m^n^ si ; I swear it before Heaven. ptte 
 
 si ; to break an oath. si put Hang lip ; there 
 are no two ways of keeping an oath. sua" 
 
 raeng hai si ; an oath as unalterable as the bills 
 and seas. 
 
 — si' — 
 
 si" 19 Condition ; 8tat«. 
 
 765 11 kui'-K)°; accustomed to ; habi- 
 tuated. i7i kui"-si"; unaccustomed to, un- 
 familiar with. i iang-o kau kui"-Ri" cSi ; he 
 is accustomed to indulgence. cp khu kiii"- 
 si" kui"-si' ii6 ; has done it till he is very fa- 
 miliar with the process. 
 
 si' 68 A fan ; a hand screen ; a leaf 
 753 6 of a door or shutter, 
 chfu teng khla ki si'; held a fan in his hand, 
 si' to; a sheath for a fan, si'-thui ; a hook for 
 fastening a fan case upon the girdle. pa-cie 
 si'; a Swatow fan. kin-si'; a lamp screen to 
 be held in the hand. liAp si'; a folding fan. 
 
 Iwn-nio' si°; a fan made from bird's feathers, 
 koi mp" si"; huang-16 si', a fan to fan the fire 
 with, si' pe'; the handle. sf kut; the ribs, 
 si' ii6k ; the body. si' ngan ; the pivot. si" 
 khak ; si' thap; the paper covering a fan. 
 tau ki si' pe"; put a handle on a fan. si" thf- 
 khui ; open a fan. si' hftp-bua ; clo-se a fan. 
 k&e si"; a palm-leaf fan. pang t5 ning-si° Su ; 
 put it behind the door, cbia si'; the leaves in 
 a chain pump. tiii huang-si'; pull the punka, 
 khia ki si' to phuab huang; had a fan and 
 was fanning herself. tie si'; to paint fans. 
 
 — sia — 
 
 ±^JL f'ia 68 Oblique ; diagonal ; slanting. 
 ^l 796 7 pang sia ; hold it aslant, pho- 
 Ip-sia; slanting; bias. ka sia; cut it bias, 
 
 tlioi'-tieh sia-loi sia-loi ; it appears to topple. 
 i k&i chii sia-loi sia-loi ; his Iiouse leans as if 
 about to tumble over. phph sia cia" phph 
 
 tit loll ; cleave diagonally then you can cleave 
 it in two. yai'g sia-si ; lay it with ore end 
 
 higher than the other. sia-sia-loh ; slope it 
 down, ci tlo l6 sia Iph kau khoi-ki°; this road 
 8lo()es down to the bank of the river. 
 
 ^'^ Bfa 40 To write ; to compose ; to 
 ^^**J 796 12 make out, as an account, 
 sfii ji ; to write. sia chd ji { write running 
 
 hand, sia sit ji ; write the square chaiacter. 
 sfii Iwn ji ; write the seal character. sia loi 
 
 ji ; write the scroll character, cin chp loi twii 
 16ng-c6ng 6i sia ; he can write in all the differ- 
 ent styles. i 6i sia tCa ji, boi sia ji-kia°; he 
 can write a course but not a fine hand. chin 
 chiu sia kai ; written with his own hand, 
 sia sin ; write a letter, sia in loh ; cannot 
 write it. toa-sia ; the head clerk. sia k^i 
 
DtCTIONART OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 477 
 
 tfii-i; write out a synopsis. cai si'a kiie ; to 
 rewrite. sia-cua-kho ; copy-book. sfa-kng- 
 kheh ; a sheet ruled in squares, used to guide 
 a writer. pek sia kai ; written in baste. 
 
 jtW^ sia 64 To relinquish ; to part witb ; 
 4y^ 748 8 to give alms ; to leave, to 
 abandon, to renounce. 
 
 sia m tit ; cannot part with it. i hau" si-sfa ; 
 ho is fond of alms-giving. ch^ng-ti sia loh 
 
 am-l", kio hue-sie" khut bo lia" ara ciah ; you 
 may give your fields to a monastery, but you 
 cannot thereafter beg a bowl of porridge 
 from the priests. sia tio ke khu co hue-sie"; 
 renounce domestic life, and become a priest, 
 ai" sia tio iu m kam ; unwilling to abandon it. 
 
 n ?i 
 
 To lay aside, to relinquish, to 
 leave, to put off, to vacate, to 
 
 sia 20 
 
 797 6 
 deliver over to. 
 SJa jira ; resign office. sia ceh ; vacate a post, 
 hue sia ta°; sia tio hue ; to deliver cargo, thiah 
 sia ; to take apart and cari-y off. sia kah ; 
 
 cast off his armor, sia su ; throw up an affair, 
 kau-sia ; deliver over, miieh sia tio, lu ka" ai"; 
 cast away the things, not daring to keep them, 
 thut-sia m li ; cannot free himself from it. 
 
 y^J sia 85 To purge; to flow off ; to elim- 
 ih^ 797 15 inate. 
 
 sia to ; purging, sia ieh ; cathartic medicines, 
 sia-iu ; castor oil. ci ie" ieh sia hue ; this 
 
 medicine reduces inflammation, cui sia ; 
 
 watery stools. cng kai sia hua" kai ciii ; the 
 discharge consists solely of water. sia kui 
 
 chji ; purged several times. thia" sia ; to ce 
 
 thia" cu ai" sia ; gripes with diarrhea. in 
 
 tho, iu sia ; vomiting and purging. tho sia 
 
 ceng to si si-leng pe"; bowel complaints are 
 mostly ailments of the season. hwn-lio sia 
 
 boi cheng-chp ; it has not yet all flowed off. 
 bo hia to-liang cp ka" ciah sia ieh ; not being 
 of full habit, how dare he take depleting med- 
 icines ? liang sia, juah sia, sip sia ; diarrhea 
 arising from cold, from heat or from dampness, 
 kii sia ; chronic diarrhea. sia lio cia" lai p6 ; 
 first deplete and then strengthen. p6 sia 
 
 kiam kia"; depletion and invigoration going on 
 simultaneously. sia kaa khah bo ti ; purged 
 until there is nothing to build upon. 
 
 sia 155 To remit punishment ; to for- 
 748 4 give, to pardon, to excuse; 
 amnesty. 
 
 sia i kai cue ; overlook his fault. thien sia 
 
 jit ; three days of the year when heaven for- 
 gives sins, tai sia thi" c ; a general amnesty. 
 Bia-mieu i ; forgive him. huap bo ho sia ; 
 
 the law cannot remit punishment. ngp sia 
 
 tng lai ; meet a reprieve and return. liOng 
 
 sia mien phoi" cue ; those who are pardoned 
 need not be tried for crime. sia h^i ; sia ci'e 
 
 lai-ci"; let him off without exacting the interest 
 on the debt. 
 
 ^/Qs ^^* li^ ^ cottage; a hospice; a booth; 
 "f^ 748 2 as a pronoun, my, used in 
 speaking of one's junior relatives, 
 ci kp li hang-sia m hfig ; this is not far from 
 my poor abode. sia tl ; my younger brother, 
 a-sia ; a junior relative ; a respectful address 
 to a junior in years. ho sia ; cells in tho 
 
 examination hall ; they are numbered by the 
 characters of the Millenary Classic. 
 
 ^IS 
 
 sia 163 Depraved; vicious; deluding; 
 
 796 4 illegal ; heterodox ; heretical; 
 not sanctioned by law or custom ; corrupting, 
 sia tSu ; erroneous doctrines. sia huap ; 
 
 sorcery ; unlawful tricks, sia sin ; false deities 
 whose worship is illegal, or whose ritual is 
 subvei'sive of morality. sia kiii ; evil spirits, 
 sia silt ; black arts ; philters, charms, sia khi; 
 malaria ; possessed, mad, haunted. khi sia 
 
 kui cia"; foi'sake heresy and return to the right 
 way. huang sia hue tho ; the bad effect of 
 
 the wind has not yet been done away with, 
 sii sia biie cheng ; the disturbance produced by 
 heat is not yet allayed, li gua sia a bo ? Has 
 he been exposed to any external influence 
 which would pi'oduced disease ? sia cia" bun 
 m cheng-chp ; those which tend to evil and 
 those that tend to good, are not wholly divided, 
 sia-mue ; an ogre, kang-sia kai nang ; a cor- 
 rupt person, sia-imkaisu; obscene practices. 
 
 deer. 
 
 sia 
 
 198 
 
 749 
 
 10 
 
 sia-hie"; 
 
 sia 
 
 68 
 
 796 
 
 7 
 
 The musk deer, 
 cek ciah sia-kau ; a musk 
 musk, ngwn sia ; pure musk. 
 
 angle; not in lino; 
 
 j^>r sia 68 At an 
 ^tT 796 7 aslant, 
 giieh sia ; the moon is past the zenith, jit sia 
 lio ; the sun is past the meridian. pua° sia 
 
 gueh ; the moon about half way between the 
 zenith and the horizon, siathoi"; look askance. 
 sia" mak khu thoi" i ; cast a glance sidewise at 
 him. khi-sia khi-sia ne ; tilted over consider- 
 ably, sia-si sia-si ne ; toppling out of a ver- 
 tical plane. sia-cio-mak ; cross eyed, jit sia 
 sai ; the sun is sinking in the west, pang 
 sia"-si cia" pang tit Iph ; hold it aslant then 
 you can put it in, giieh sia jip i theng lai ; 
 
 the low moon cast its beams into his window, 
 khut jit sia tieh ; touched by the slanting rays 
 of the sun. 
 
478 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 sla 113 The god who rules over a 
 748 8 particnlar Bpot ; the tutelary 
 deities ; the altars to gods of the land, usually 
 without roofs ; a village or hamlet, 
 m s! lin k&i sia, mng lai t6 hien ugfln-tia"; as 
 he is not our god, why should we be making 
 offerings to him. ci sia-cek ; sacrifice to the 
 gods of land aud of grain. hsip sla phfing- 
 
 ang ; the whole village is at peace, sla hia°-tl; 
 men belonging to the same locality. teng 
 
 cSk-sla cek-sia ; lamps iu clusters, as when 
 carried by companies in procession. 
 
 It 
 
 Bla 41 To spurt out ; to shoot. 
 
 749 7 sla ci°; to shoot an arrow, sla 
 tieh pa ; to hit the mark. sla tieh Ang sim ; 
 to hit the center of the target. si sla b^-ci" 
 a sla po-ci"? Are they shooting with arrows 
 used by the cavalry or with those used by the 
 infantry ? jit ia sia jip lai ; the sun shines 
 
 in here, sla ho"; shoot a tiger. ci° Bia iIi jip ; 
 the arrow did not stick. 
 
 Bla 149 To thank ; to express grati- 
 797 10 tude by a present. 
 kam-&Ia ; thank you. cOi sia ; many thanks, 
 fila thiap ; a card of thanks. sla loi ; a 
 
 doctor's fees ; a substantial acknowledgement 
 of gratitude. sia ng! ; a suitable token of 
 
 indebtedness ; a present in return for a favor. 
 pM sla ; a visit expressive of gratitude. sla 
 un ; express gratitude for favors. sla thi", 
 
 sia tl ; make offerings to heaven and earth in 
 thanksgiving. co hi sia sin ; perform a play 
 out of gratitude to the gods. sia i k&i 
 
 naug-ch€ng ; express thanks for his kindness, 
 cia tieh tS,ng sia i ; he must bo largely reward- 
 ed for this. sia kSu, sia poh, tieh sla i ; 
 whether the token of gratitude be valuable or 
 not, he must be presented with one. sia pu ; 
 presents to a teacher. khu i min-cdi" khau 
 Bla; go before him, kneel, and touch the ground 
 with the forehead, expressing gratitude. 
 
 — sia" — 
 teg^ sia" 128 A sound ; a voice ; a tone ; a 
 ^r 771 11 note in music ; the tones or 
 inflections of words in speaking; a cry, a wail ; 
 language ; verbally ; reputation ; celebrity. 
 sia"-im ; sound. thia°-ki"' i kai sia°-sueh ; 
 
 heard his voice. i kai sia" s\ toa cEi ; his 
 
 voice is very powerful. jifing kau au bo 
 
 sia"; screamed until she was hoarse. cf kai 
 ji si phe" sia", a si ceh sia"? Has this word the 
 even tone or some other tone ? siang sia", 
 
 khu sia", jip sia", 16ng-c6ng si ceh ; the rising, 
 the departing, and the entering tones are all 
 
 uneven ones. ti sia", soi gu ; in a low voice, 
 kau sia" toa kie ; call out in a shrill voice, 
 ke-ke sia" kio i la"; told him in a very low 
 tone. phueh khu eoi-soi sia"; talked in a 
 
 very soft voice. h<5 mia"-sia"; of good re- 
 
 pute, toa mia°-sia"; celebrated. soi" sia" 
 toh n&ng ; his name is enough to appall them, 
 hiang sia"; a loud report. lia u kio i hfang 
 sia" kue ; I have told him. cwn sang sia 
 
 khut i cai ; called out especially to let him 
 know. thia" tieh cng kai b6 sia" khui chut; 
 could not hear the slightest sound. m^i" 
 
 ta" khah toa sia"; do not ppcak too loud, 
 tong sia" c6 ; moderate your tone a little. Su 
 p6" ti nSng pang sia"; there are persons behind 
 the scenes who join in the chorus. khila 
 
 sia"; sound of weeping. ta-po nftng cu-nle 
 
 sia"; a man with a feminine voice. thia" 
 
 tieh si a-no"-k<a" sia"-8ueh ; it appears to be 
 the voice of a child. t6a nftng sia"; the voice 
 of an adult. i k&i sia" hiang-llang cSi ; his 
 voice is very resonant. huang sia", h5 sia"; 
 sound of wind and rain. sau sia"; a husky 
 
 voice. khang tag sia"; drawl it out. 
 
 8ia" 128 Intuitively wise and good; 
 
 773 7 holy, sacred ; perfect ; im- 
 perial ; a sage. 
 
 sia" n&ng; holy men. sia" jQ ; the sacred 
 
 edict ; an imperial order. sia" siang ; the 
 
 Emperor. cf cdk jit si sia" jit ; this day ia 
 
 an holy day. meng-cd cheng co iUsia"; 
 
 Mencius is called the second sage. si slm- 
 
 mih sin-sia" kkng-lim ; it is some divinely in- 
 spired one come down among men. pai-ki" 
 sia" sie"; visit shrines. 
 
 ti^ sia" 62 A tenth ; a percentage. 
 /iX^ 77 2 cek sia" jieh coi ? How much 
 does ten per cent amount to ? hSi" nang 
 
 ngo sia" sio ; pay half of the bill. chia 
 
 kong-chin chut lai kia" sia"; call on the arbitra- 
 tor to carry it into effect. ci'a ngun kau 
 kau sia"; this money amounts to ninety per 
 cent. poih kau sia" sek cu ho ; eight or 
 nine tenths will do. hai" kau nang cap sia" 
 kau, bo kiam nang cek sia"; pay the amount in 
 full, so that nothing is due. siu lai bo sim- 
 mih sia" sio ; collected but a small proportion 
 of the amount of the bills. hai" b6 io sia"; 
 paid but a small proportion. 
 
 sia" 82 A citadel ; a place walled in 
 77 7 for the defense of the people ; 
 
 the wall of a city ; a city that has a wall ; a 
 
 provincial capital. 
 
 gua sia"; gua in sia"; the suburbs, l&i in sia"; 
 
DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 479 
 
 the outskirts of the city near the wall. s6" 
 sia°; the provincial capital, kia" sia"; Peking, 
 kui" sia"; the district city. toa sia", sbi sla"; 
 large and small walled towns. sia" chio"; 
 
 the city wall, sia" mng; city gates, sia" lau; 
 towers on the city wall, sia" kun; the founda- 
 tion of the city wall. sia" kun co ; rental 
 of ground at the foot of the city wall. kun 
 sia"; hii sia"; a departmental city. sia" chi ; 
 city market. sia" hli, sia" gua ; inside and 
 outside the city wall. sia" kha ; sia" kha pi"; 
 close to the city wall, sia" e, sia" teng ; below 
 or above the city. kien kai sia"; founded a 
 city, sua" sia"; a city among hills, tho sia"; 
 a mud-built city wall, cieh sia"; a stone-built 
 city wall, sia" ti; city pools, sia" h6; the river 
 upon which a city is. pua" sia"; traverse the 
 city ; cross the city wall, peh sia"; mount the 
 city wall, ui sia"; besiege a city. phah sia"; 
 kong sia"; attack a city, phua sia"; storm and 
 take a city. t6 sia"; sack a city. bvvn \i 
 Chiang sia"; the Great "Wall. ci'-kim sia"; the 
 Forbidden ^City. sia sia"; guard the city, 
 cie" sia"-mng ; guard the city gates. pe sia" 
 mng; barricade the gates. sia" mng loh so 
 a hue ? Are the city gates yet closed for the 
 night ? li sia" cap li ; a league away from the 
 city.^ khiok-hok sla"-tl ; recapture the city, 
 pp-hu sia°-ti ; protect the city, as by divine 
 influences, tui sia" chut lai ; get out by being 
 let down over the wall by a rope. ng6 sia"; 
 five municipalities of the city of Peking. cek 
 CO sia"; one citadel. po sia"; an artificial city, 
 cla" ham ; the city is fallen. khun sia"; be- 
 leaguer a city. sia" si'u la"; a garrison guard- 
 ing a city, sun sia"; patrol the city. sia" lai 
 hun CO chit ngo, chit kai ti-pd ; the city is di- 
 vided into seven wards, having seven aldermen, 
 tieh ii cai sia" tek-pd lai pp ; must be bailed 
 out by some reliable person belonging to the 
 city. uang sia"; royal cities. 
 
 y^3 ^ia° 118 A hamper, or basket, 
 ■^R 791 9 clah sia"; a hamper for food ; a 
 large round basket, with compartments, chun 
 sia"; large hampers, carried in pairs. kng cek 
 kha toa sia"; carry a wooden hamper on a pole 
 between two persons. 
 
 — siah — 
 
 siah 167 Pewter. 
 _^^ 803 8 siahkhi; pewter ware. no 
 Hap mak toa kiie siah cua"; eyes bigger than 
 saucers. phah siah poh ; make tin-foil. hu 
 Biah; pulverized pewter, thih siah hun ; white 
 lead. ie" siah ; to melt pewter, siah kang ; 
 workers in pewter. phah siah ph5 ; shops 
 
 where pewter ware is made. cu siah ; to cast 
 pewter. p6 siah kai ; mended with pewter, 
 
 cim-thuu siah ; bars of pewter. cham ke k&i 
 siah ; adulterated pewter. 
 
 m 
 
 siah 18 To hew ; to whittle ; to pare 
 
 810 7 off. 
 siah soi ce ; whittle it down a little. khioh 
 p6-thuu lai siah ; take a hatchet and hew it 
 off. phoi siah ; to trim off. cang to ce siah cu 
 siah tio cek pa chut lai ; taking a knife to pare 
 off a little, he cut off a great slice. 
 
 M 
 
 siah 60 A banquet; an entertainment. 
 
 804 7 ciu siah ; a supper at which 
 wine is offered. tph siah ; a feast. ii kiii 
 nang lai hu siah ? How many have come to the 
 banquet ? jit tau co slab chfa" nang kheh ; 
 
 make a noonday feast, and invite guests. c6 ii 
 jieh coi siah ? How many tables were spread 
 at this feast P cp siah ; to sit at table. 
 
 — siak — 
 
 [> siak 44 To regard ; to take pains. 
 798 7 put siak; unworthy of thought; 
 to disregard; to keep aloof from, put siak cp; 
 it is not worth while to do it. put siak thdi"; 
 have no intention of looking at it. i put siak 
 boi ci kai much ; he need not take the trouble 
 to buy this article. i cp-ni put-.siak thang i 
 kai ci" ? "Why does he hold aloof from earning 
 this money ? ci kai hwn-li'o put-siak ciah, lu 
 ai" ciah sim-mueh ? If you will not eat this, 
 what then are you going to eat ? 
 
 — siam — 
 
 "Pt^ siam 75 Somber ; majestic 
 TfvfC 734 8 siam ngiam; severe, huap- 
 lut siam-ngiam; the majesty of the law. kui- 
 k^ siam-ngiam ; the rule is strict. 
 
 JQ^ siam 28 The ginseng plant, and many 
 r^^ 735 9 other roots of a mucilaginous 
 nature, used in medicine and deemed to partake 
 of the virtues of ginseng, jin siam ; ginseng, 
 so called from the resemblance of its forked 
 roots to the figure of a man. ie" siam ; foreign 
 ginseng, kau-li siam; Corean ginseng, hue-ki 
 siam ; American ginseng, siam chiu ; rootlets 
 of ginseng. hai siam ; biche-de-mer. tang 
 siam ; a species of sage. tang siam; a species 
 Convolvulus. ngo siam ; all kinds of gin- 
 seng. 
 
 jg^a^ 120 Fine, delicate, minute. 
 
 r^^ 800 17 CO lai siam-kha cS,i ; is of 
 very delicate workmanship. 
 
 siam 
 800 
 
480 
 
 DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 pH siam 169 To evade; to shnn; to dodge. 
 |AJ 752 2 siam 16 cek p6i°; dodged off 
 to one side. siara-khui ce ; move out of the 
 way a little. sfam-bua chie°-pi"; draw out of 
 the way close to the wall. i si'ara, khut lia 
 
 kue ; he drew back and and let me pass, si'ara 
 sin ; keep out of sight, siam put kip ; too late 
 to get out of the way. b6 ko h(5 siam ; had no 
 way of evading it. 
 
 " siam 142 The cicada or broad locust, 
 751 12 common over China, 
 siam-thp ; the exuvia) of the cicada, used as a 
 febrifuge, cia si kim-siam thut khak kai k6i; 
 this plan is as like the last, as the exuvioe of 
 the cicada is like the cicada's body. 
 
 siam 154 To supply. 
 '^ 753 18 siam khau ; to make an 
 allowance for food. cia ci° si khut i co khau- 
 siam kai ; this money is what is allowed him 
 for his table expenses. 
 
 siam 118 The boards or beams wbich 
 108G 18 uphold the eaves. 
 
 i 6i pue siam ciiu piah ; ho will take flight 
 
 between the eaves and the walls. 
 
 siam-s^ ; 
 fabled to 
 
 a striped toad> 
 be in the moon. 
 
 m 
 
 — siang — 
 
 siang 109 ^Mutually ; reciprocally ; to- 
 
 790 4 gether. 
 lau siang u ; an old associate. siang kQii ; 
 
 close together, bo-siang- kang ; iTi-siaug-kang; 
 it makes no difference. i no ntlng siang hd ; 
 the two are on good terms with each other, i 
 siang-sin ua; he trusts me. siang su pe°; love- 
 sickness. cQ-lai siang Peng si cie°-se"; that is 
 the order in which they formerly rotated, 
 siang li jieh hng ? How far apart are they ? 
 siang chin, siang kHn ; in the closest relation- 
 ship, siang pf ; compared with each other. 
 
 Jl^L siang d_ To distress; to wound; to hurt. 
 1^/ 739 11 thia" tieh cang i siang sim ; 
 was grieved for him upon hearing it. bo 
 siang ; no harm done. lS,i siang pe"; an inter- 
 nal injury. 
 
 VH| siang 30 To consult; to adjust by con- 
 lOj 739 8 suUation ; a trader, a mer- 
 chant, a travelling dealer ; to trade, 
 siaug-kheh ; kheh-siang ; travelling tx'aders. 
 h^ng-siang ; merchants having warehouses. ie° 
 
 biam-so ; water taken from the eyebrows of 
 frogs, and used as a medicine. 
 
 siang ; foreign merchants, si hai thong siang ; 
 trade throughout the world. tng-siang ; a 
 
 pawn broker, siang ke ; traders, siang-liang ; 
 siang ciak; to deliberate upon and devise plans. 
 
 siang 148 
 740 IT 
 
 A goblet ; a bumper ; a 
 
 banquet. 
 
 i si si'a ta" " keng-ti lai siang hfiu ka," cp ni bd 
 hi? He wrote saying, "I await your answer 
 before preparing the play and the banquet," 
 so why was there no theatrical performance ? 
 tie-io" u cek kp khek cui liu siang kai keng-ti ; 
 in Tie Te there is an artificial garden where 
 crooked streams flow into basins. 
 
 iU^ 792 
 
 61 To think on ; to reflect on ; 
 9 to plan ; to hope, to antici- 
 pate ; an idea. 
 
 m cie"-se" ta", sfang pit si i ; your so saying 
 makes me think it is surely he. ham i mai" t6 
 biiang siang; tell him not to indulge in wild 
 hopes. cia si siang tang-jien k4i ue ; this is 
 what must necessarily be said. 
 
 To thumi 
 
 m 
 
 Slang 64 To thump, to batter. 
 114 12 i kai mng khut i kai cleh 
 Slang t(5 ; their door was knocked in by the 
 stones thrown against it. 
 
 siang 109 A minister of state ; physi- 
 790 4r ognomy; to watch the times . 
 cai-siang ; the prime-minister. siu siang ; the 
 head of the privy-council ; the premier. c<5 
 siang, lu siang; two great ministers, members 
 of the privy council, siang-kong ; your Excel- 
 lency ; Re.spected Sir ; a book-keeper in a large 
 business firm, siaug-ia llang; talents equal to 
 those of a cabinet minister. siang-mliu"; the 
 physiognomy ; the general appearance. siang 
 su si cp-ni ? What aspect does the affair 
 present ? siang si ; when the aspect of affairs 
 is favorable. siang mih si-hau ; watch the 
 
 times in order to take advantage of a favor- 
 able moment. 
 
 Images ; idols ; statues ; a 
 likeness. 
 
 th6 siang ; clay images. 
 
 ffiPl siang 9^ 
 1^ 793 12 
 
 ngo-siang ; images, 
 sin-siang ; idols. 
 
 siang 58 A gymnasium or college. 
 792 ~Q oh teug kai siang khne ; the 
 depai'tments in a college, ip siang ; the grad- 
 uates of a district. kun siang ; the graduates 
 of a department. 
 
 siang 113 An indication of good luck. 
 792 6 siang sui ; a good sign, cu 
 su kit-siang ; everything indicates prosperity. 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 481 
 
 Q kai put siang cu tlo; there is an unfavorable 
 omen, ci k&i n^ng put siang ; this man is un- 
 lucky, put-siang-khi put-siang-kM ne ; not 
 indicative of good luck. 
 
 slang 149 To examine into and report 
 792 6 upon ; to learn fully ; the 
 particulars ; minutely. 
 
 lia kio i soi-siang tk°; I told him all the partic- 
 ulars, ta" kau ne .siang-slang s6i-s6i ; gave a 
 detailed account. i siang-bun khu cie°-si ; 
 
 he reported to his superior in ofiBce. ea kai su 
 lia m siang sek ; I am not minutely informed 
 concerning this matter, i cai khu ia rh siang ; 
 neither does he know the particulars, ai" rang 
 soi slang tieh miig hu kai, i cai khu cu siang ; 
 if you wish to inquire into the particulars you 
 must ask that person, he knows all about it. 
 
 ^^^ siang 50 Regular ; customary. 
 |l^4 740 8 ngo siang ; the five cardinal 
 virtues. thai siang ji ; tlie sacrificial court, 
 siet-lip siang-pheng chng ; establish a regular 
 granary. uah bo-siang; the god who cuts the 
 the thread of life. 
 
 ± siang 1 The superlative degree ^ the 
 741 2 uppermost; to go up. 
 siang pa,ng ; the best. slang hd; the best, 
 
 siang ili-hd ; the worst. siang khiia"-u.ah ; 
 
 most comfortable. siang ngfa ; handsomest, 
 siang ia-ie"; most savage looking. siang chi- 
 gi ; most disgusting. siang-teng nge ; the 
 
 vei-y hardest, siang-teng toi"; the most dense, 
 teng siang kai ; the topmost. u siang tong 
 
 hia sa teng ; there are three sorts, the best, 
 the mediocre, and the poorest. siang siang 
 
 kai ; the uppermost. siang nang kai tang ; 
 
 taken in; swindled. 
 
 ^^^ siang 42 To adorn ; to reckon good > 
 |Rj 741 5 still; but ; furthermore, not- 
 withstanding, yet, perhaps, 
 siang-chia''; however. siang ii lang-lp tp-kp ; 
 perhaps there may be a little. sui-si lau, 
 
 siang oi cie"-se sia ; although he is old, be is 
 still able to write like that, hu ko kai si-siang 
 sim si hwn-hua ; the pi'evailing styles there 
 are exceedingly luxurious, si-siang kau phai- 
 chiang cSi ; adorned in the most elegant style, 
 m si-siang td cang ; an unfashionable style of 
 coiffure. 
 
 siang 152 Resemblance ; form. 
 792 5 bo heng-siang ; formless. 
 thi"-siang; khien siang; celestial signs, thoi" i 
 sim-mih heng-siang ; see what shape it is. 
 pau-ham bwn siang ; it comprehends all nature. 
 
 — siap — 
 
 siap 173 A passing rain ; an instant. 
 
 732 8 cek-siap-si ; siap-si-kang; in 
 a little while. b6 cek-siap-si kii ; not a moment 
 ago. h5 siap-siap-kie, loh thang jit ; the rain 
 has pattered down all day long. 
 
 siap 109 Sleepy; blinking and tired. 
 Pt 357 6 siap mak ; heavy eyed, mak 
 siap ai'' ut ; sleepy and wants to go to bed. 
 mak siap kau td tak ; so sleepy that he nods, 
 lu oi mak siap a b6i ? Are you sleepy ? ua 
 
 kai mak hue siap ; 1 am not yet sleepy. mfik 
 sng mak siap ; dreadfully sleepy. 
 
 ■.ArVi. siap 30 Sparing ; stingy ; close ; par- 
 \S\ 728 10 simonious; mean, 
 kiam-siap ; close-fisted. siap kku tio sua" 
 
 chng in kiie ; so tight you could not get a 
 thread through ; stingy to the last degree. i 
 pheng-si sui si siap, ii su k&i si-hau iu php-lau; 
 although ho is ordinarily so sparing, still when 
 there is occasion for it he is liberal. 
 
 ^M& siap 85 Rough; harsh; stringent ; un- 
 "tl^ 728 13 even; difficult of performance, 
 lia tio siap cap ; squeeze out the acrid juice, 
 ciah tieh khah siap ; it tastes too astringent. 
 1S.U sek ce cS boi siap ; when it gets riper it 
 will not be astringent. ka-tp ngan khah siap; 
 the pivot of the shears is too tight, and they 
 do not work easily, mng khah siap, bnah ce 
 lu loh khu cia" boi siap ; the door does not turn 
 on its hinges easily, smear on a little oil and 
 then it will not be hard to open, ce khah siap, 
 khui tieh cu uai"-uai°-kie ; when there is too 
 much friction is creaks in being opened, siap 
 kku khui m khui ; so much friction that I can- 
 not open it when 1 use all my force. siap 
 phue ; an acrid rind, ua th6i" i kai meh siap, 
 si hueh Im ; I see that his pulse is irregular, 
 it is because his blood is impoverished. 
 
 siap 85 To ooze; to leak; to soak 
 798 6 through ; to divulge, 
 ci ko oi siap ciii ; the wate-r exudes here. li 
 cek cue phang, i kai ciii cu oi siap chut lai ; 
 wherever there is a crack, the water oozes out. 
 siap khi ; lose savour, ce khng kii i kai khi- 
 bi cu cau siap; if you keep it long it loses its 
 flavour, siap-lau ; to leak, i kai su-ki siap- 
 lau ; his plan has leaked out. siap-lau kun- 
 ki ; divulge the artifice. ki-mit kai su md 
 siap-lau ; one should not divulge secrets, siap- 
 lau huang.sia°; breathe a word of it. 
 
 yJj^ siap 85 To wade through ; to pass 
 'i^^ 750 7 through j to concern ; to be 
 acquainted with. 
 
 m 
 
482 
 
 DICTIONART OP THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 lia kio i bo kang-siap ; I am in no way con- 
 cerned in his affairs. kio i bo siap ; has no- 
 thing to do with liim, pwt-siap cSi ; very 
 tired, cek lo kai pwt-siap ; the fatigue of the 
 journey. siap-leh si-kii ; knows tlie world, 
 i io u siap-lch ; he is more conversant with it. 
 — sio — 
 1^ "^/^ sie-sit News ; a report ; a rumor. 
 iW> 1 R 798 thia'-ki" u h6 sie-sit ; heard 
 good news. kia kii sie-sit khut i ; sent her 
 a message concering his welfare. cie°-M u slra- 
 . mih sie-sit? What news has lately arrived? 
 
 kp^g sie 86 To burn ; to ignite ; to bake 
 AtC 745 12 pottery ; to roast at a fire ; 
 roasted ; fired ; hot ; to burn over ; to offer 
 incense ; inflammable. 
 
 hiio sie tieh tia°-pak ; the fire is burning the 
 kettle; there is need of great haste in the prep- 
 arations, sie cfu; ardent spirits, such as will 
 burn. kau-liang-sie ; strong whiskey made 
 from sorghum. lek-tau pie; whiskey made 
 from peas, cau-sie; strong liquors, mai" khut 
 i sie tieh ; do not get burned by it. sie-kue 
 cda-ci"; sie ngun tia"; burn spirit-money, sie 
 koi ; roasted fowls. sie tu ; roast pig. sie 
 n6k ; baked meats, hue sie sua"; a mountain 
 that has been burned over, sie in-hiie ; let off 
 fire-works. sio hui ; bake pottery. sie hia 
 ie"; a kiln where tiles are baked. sie hie"; to 
 burn incense. sie tieh thftu-mo"; singe the 
 
 hair off your head. cak sie-jiet ; has fever, 
 
 ciah sie ; get warm ; warm one's self, sie phiia 
 kai khang; burned a hole in it. co sie c6 chin; 
 variable tempei'ature. i cai sie cai chin ; he 
 knows what temperature I like. pek sie ; 
 
 warm by toasting. hang sie ; hang it by the 
 fire and warm it. hue sie pho ; a shop that 
 
 has been burned, pii kau tieh hue sie ; cooked 
 till it burned. ms\i° sie khah kue hue ; do not 
 heat it too hot. sie kau chiah-pauh ; burned 
 brown. sie che° kai ; bronzed by heating. 
 
 si« 86 Hot ; feverish ; ardent. 
 j\\S 293 11 i cek sin sie kau 6i thng chiu; 
 liis body is hot enough to burn one's hand, 
 hwt sie ; have fever, nie-jiet ; feverish, khah 
 sie, mai" khut i thng tieh ; it is too hot, do not 
 get scalded by it. tieh i lai teng-tue, cia" cai 
 die, cai chin ; she must come and take care of 
 me, for she knows whether a thing is too hot 
 or too cold for me. 
 
 m 
 
 sie 109 Mutually ; reciprocal ; by 
 790 4 turns ; from one to another ; 
 
 together. 
 
 sie sieh; kind to each other, sie pat; acquainted 
 
 with each other, sie phah ; fighting together. 
 
 sie thoi ; spell each other, ua pat kaug i sie- 
 hue ; 1 have met him before. sie keh piah ; 
 on opposite sides of the same wall. sio kang 
 CO ; sit together. si n6 nang sie kang kai ; it 
 is owned by the two in common. sie-hu ; to 
 help, sie liQa khJ ; on friendly terms. ai' ISi 
 sie su ce me ? Shall wo lay a wager on it ? i 
 no nang t(5 sie t6 ; the two are betting on the 
 issue, sie phong tieh ; came across each other 
 unexpectedly. sie khang chiu ; take hold of 
 each other's hands. sie lam koi"; embrace 
 
 each other. sie lun lln ; take turns at it. sio 
 pang pua°; act as substitutes for each other, 
 sie-pang ; aid each other. 
 
 y\\ "^^ — Small ; petty; trifling ; inferior 
 J 795 in rank or quality ; a depre- 
 ciating terra for what belongs to one's self ; 
 before proper names it often means junior or 
 young. 
 
 sfo su ; an unimportant matter. sie ti ; a 
 
 menial, si'e tl ; my younger brother (said by a 
 superior in rank), sfe ph6-thau; a petty shop, 
 i kiii seng-li sie ; his business is small. sio 
 
 seng-li ; a petty business. c6 l&i si'e-sie ; it is 
 made very small. sle-cia; the young lady (of 
 high rank), sie sim ; careful; sedulous, sie- 
 nie-kia"; a little girl. i k&i nang sie-khi ; he 
 is a person of medicocre abilities. sie ku } a 
 mere trifle. 
 
 — sie" — 
 
 sie" 118 A box, coffer, chest, trunk, 
 
 791 9 or casket, 
 i-sie"; a trunk for clothing. i-sie° heng-li ; 
 
 luggage, cek kha sie"; one chest, ke cau-kia" 
 ke ii kiii kha sie"? In marrying off their daugh- 
 ter, how many boxes of clothing did they send 
 with her to her husband's house ? phue sie"; 
 a leathern trunk. cha sie"; a wooden box. 
 
 tek sie"; a bamboo trunk. cang sie"; a coir 
 
 trunk. cim-thau sie"; cim-sie"; a box which 
 
 may be used as a pillow, cuang loh sie"; pack 
 them away in the box. te sie"; a tea-chest. 
 
 th6-sie"; an opium chest. hiie-sit sie"; a par- 
 titioned box or tray, for carrying edibles in 
 processions, ui sie"; a paper trunk, burned as 
 an offering to the dead. 
 
 A^i sie" 9 To injure; to wound; to hurt. 
 I^f 739 il sio" hong pai sok ; injure the 
 public morals, sie" huang; to catcli cold, sie" 
 hang ; ailments arising from exposure to cold, 
 lai sie" kai pe"; internal disea.se. i phah sie" 
 nang; he injured some one by beating him. 
 sie" s^n ; to wound. bo sie" suu ; no harm 
 
 done, cuang lio 8ie"-sun tieh ; came in colision 
 and were injured therebj'. ka-laiih lio boi sie" 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 483 
 
 boi sun ; was not injured at. all by being drop- 
 ped, li'ang p6i° sie" si jieh coi nang ? How 
 many were killed and wounded on each side? 
 ngS nang IJing sie", ngo nang kbin sie"; five 
 were severely wounded, and five were sligbtly 
 wounded. ui sie" khan ; beal tbe wounds, 
 sie^-buu ; a scar from a wound. sie" kliu tui 
 mia"; dangerously wounded, sie" kbii ti luia"; 
 fatally wounded. sie" tieli sii ; had a sun- 
 stroke, nglam sie"; officially inspect tlie 
 injuries. sie" sim ; grieved at heart. cie°- 
 8o" tia"-tieh ti-kau sie" cheng sit ngi ; that will 
 certainly lead to wounded feelings and loss of 
 self-respect. teug sie" teng kam ; catching 
 another cold before recovering from the last one. 
 sie" tieh hua-khi ; lessen the general harmony 
 
 ^Ega sie" 167 To inlay, or overlay ; to 
 ^1^4 791 17 veneer; to coat or plate ; to 
 clarap on; to set, as a jewel; to let in; to inchase. 
 sie" kua po-li ; to inlay with pieces of glass, 
 sie" ngun kai tu ; chopsticks inlaid with silver, 
 sie" ceng, ge tu ; inlaid cops and ivory chop- 
 sticks, sie" siak ; overlaid with pewter, bo 
 teng sie" cek ko gek ; has a jade ornament on 
 her cap. sie" cek liap swn ; inlay a precious 
 stone, sie" kira ; emboss with gold, tin-tang 
 teng sie" liap cu ; a pearl was .set in the centre, 
 sie" kp pp-cieh to hu toi; inlaid with a precious 
 stone. 
 
 sie" 30 A trader. 
 rptj 739 8 iam-sie" ; 
 sie" ho ; the salt-merchants. 
 
 a salt-merchant. 
 
 sie" 154 To reward; to bestow; to 
 740 8 confer ; a largess ; a reward. 
 ai° cang sim raueh si'e" i ? With what shall he 
 be rewarded ? tit tieh si'e"; receive a reward. 
 
 sie" 
 792 
 
 195 Herrings. 
 G sie" hu p6 ; dried salt her- 
 
 ^'^^ ^is" ^ A fignre ; an image ; a like- 
 I^V 793 12 ness. 
 
 ue s\e"; paint portraits. ia"-sie"; a photograph, 
 sie" ue lai sio cai ; the portrait is very like the 
 original. ci kfii sie" cie lai cu jien ; this 
 
 likeness is so taken that it resembles the 
 original very closely. i se" lai m cia" ie"-sie"; 
 he is not a very stylish looking person. c§k 
 pak sie"; a picture of something on a sci'oll. 
 ng6-sie"; images, sin-sie"; idols. 
 
 m 
 
 sie" 109 Physiognomy ; the study of 
 790 4 physiognomy for the purpose 
 
 of fortune telling; the art of palmistry; to 
 
 look into. 
 
 i oi sie" nila"; he t^jlls fortunes from the face, 
 lia sie" thoi" lu kai ng6-heng \\6 me ; I will 
 consider your features and see whether they 
 promise good fortune. sie" huap ; rules for 
 
 telling the fortune from the physiognomy. i 
 sie" tieh cp-ni ta" ? What does be predict from 
 the study of your face ? 
 
 sie" 0^ To restore; to indemnify ; to 
 27 15 pay back ; to forfeit; to atone; 
 to retaliate ; to make amends ; to replace ; an 
 indemnity ; restitution. 
 
 lu ai" cp-ni pue-sie" i ? In what way are you 
 going to make restitution to him ? thai nang 
 cu tieh sie" mia"; if one kills a person he must 
 make reparation for the life taken, i chio kS,u 
 thai si nang mien sie" mia"; they are so power- 
 ful that they may even kill a person and make 
 no compensation for his life. ai" i sie"h6i"; 
 
 want him to restore it to me. 
 
 sie" 30 To taste ; to te^t ; to essay. 
 
 27 11 sie" sin bi ; taste the first 
 fruits. lu khieh khu sie" thoi" ho a m-hd ; 
 
 you take it and try it and see whether it is 
 good or not. lu sie" tieh bi-s6 cai-se" ? What 
 do you think of the taste of it ? lu chi-sie" 
 
 ce ; you test it by tasting it. cia mueh io khi 
 bi, tieb lai kio i sie" ce ; this is of a rather 
 strange flavour, you should come and taste a 
 little of it. bue boi soi" sie"; taste before 
 
 buying. ceng-sie"; entailed property, whose 
 proceeds are applied to the worship of ances- 
 tors, cecg-sie" toa cai ; a great amount of 
 entailed property, lun tieh ceng-sie"; property 
 of which the heirs alternately make the cus- 
 tomary offerings to ancestors. 
 
 > ^> sie" 50 Constant; frequent; custom- 
 rp 740 ¥ ary. 
 
 sie-si ; constantly, pheng-sie"; usual, pheng 
 sie" nting; an ordinary person, cie sie"; accord- 
 ing to the regular routine. cie sie" lio-li; 
 arrange in the usual manner. sie"-sie" ki-liam 
 Id ; constantly remember you. h(5 ciam rii-hp 
 sie"; it will do temporarily but not permanently, 
 ju sie"; as usual. hui sie"; unusual. i sie"; 
 extraordinary, chong-meng i sie"; uncommon- 
 ly intelligent. ci kai si sie" u kai mueh; this 
 is a common thing, sie" kau ci-kp; frequently 
 comes here. 
 
 yikQ sie" 61 To think on ; to meditate ; to 
 AiJ\ 792 9 reflect on ; to plan ; to hope ; 
 to anticipate ; an idea ; a conception, 
 i sid" cie" sie" hie"; he thought of various 
 things. sie" m chut ; cannot think what it 
 
 was. sie" m kau ; did not think of it. lu cp- 
 
484 
 
 DICTIONARY 07 THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 Ill sie° ? What do you think about it. su-sie" 
 tieh i ; hold him in kind remembrance. aim 
 sie"; meditate on. lii aim lai cp-ni sle"? What 
 is your own idea about it ? ce sle° khi lai cQ 
 khi ; whenever I think of it I become angry, 
 mjii" khu sie° i ; do not think about it. b6 
 
 sie"- thuu ; it is of no use to think about it ; it 
 is out of the question. Q s!e°-tliJlu ; may be 
 considered as hopeful or possible. i Bie°-th&u 
 khah tOa; his notions are too extravagant, 
 cek-si slo" b6 hli ; cannot at this moment think 
 what it is. sie" kau iii ; tlionprh of it till I am 
 sick of it. 8ie° lai, sie" khii; cast about in 
 
 one's mind for some means of compassing ifc. 
 sie" tang sie" sai ; cogitate upon all possible 
 ways of accomplishing something. sie" kku 
 cu cp kau ; the action goes no farther than the 
 thought. c<5 sie" In sie" to sie" b6 huap ; 
 
 considered this way and that way, but could 
 think of no practicable way. i td chi-sie"; he 
 is thinking it over. long i slo"; let liim think 
 it over. i cp-ni cong-ku sie" chit sie" poib ? 
 Why does ho always borrow trouble about 
 things ? sie" hiia" kfti b6 k&i ; consider it 
 
 al together impossible. 
 
 •^!Jl> sie" 42 To have the care of ; to con- 
 |RJ 741 5 trol, in which seuse it ocoars 
 in otBcial titles. 
 
 lak p6 kai 8le''.cu ; the controlers of the six 
 Boards, hiie-sle"; Buddhist priests. 
 
 — sieh — 
 Ipjju sieh 61 To compa.ssionate; to regard ; 
 1^ 802 8 to feel for; to regret; to 
 scrimp ; to be sparing of ; close ; parsimonious, 
 ai-sieh ; to love, to be kind to. i oi sieh b6 ; 
 he is very good to his wife, sieh to m pa; can- 
 not do enough for him. i no nang sini si sie- 
 sieh ; the two are very fond of each other, 
 toa-toa sieh lu ; love yon much. i in cai lia 
 sieh i ; she does not know that I love her. 
 khd-sieh ; it is a pity. llen-sieh ci° nguu ; 
 
 very saving of his money. sieh se°-mia°; care- 
 ful of life, mai" sieh Ifik; do not spare strength 
 sieh, sieh, mai° khau ; there, there, don't cry 
 
 A-t sieh 20 A ladle. 
 
 ^ 81 1 t&ng sieh, thih sieh j brass 
 and iron ladles. 
 
 Ay^ sieh 9 Common ; ordinary. 
 Ifl 822 7 sieh-sieh ne ; common. pe° 
 sieh; commonplace; just like many others; 
 nothing out of the usual line, i kai Qe ta° chut 
 lai pe^-sieh cS,i ; he speaks the vernacular just 
 as other people do. thoi" tieh pe''-sleh pe"- 
 
 sieh, bo sim-mih khi ; it appears very common- 
 place and not at all extraordinary. 
 
 ^ 
 
 sieh 85 Offensive perspiration. 
 165 3 kha-sieh; offensive odor from 
 the feet, chfu steb; frouzy sweat on the hands. 
 
 # 
 
 — sien — 
 
 sien 9 An immortal ; human souls 
 799 8 endued with divine powers ; 
 beings of benign nature, inferior to gods, and 
 having the power of becoming invisible; fairies; 
 an old recluse who changes into another form 
 but does not die ; to become immortal ; death- 
 less; anything puzzling or curious; graceful, 
 sien ko; a fairy, or elf. 
 
 sien bo; an old female fairy, sien ong; an old 
 male fairy, sien th6ng; youthful genii, sien 
 nng ; an immortal, feminine and middle aged, 
 sieu-n&ng ; the elfin folk. seng cp sien ; be- 
 come an immortal. sai kiie sieu-k^ng ; more 
 wonderful than fairyland. siu lien kkn 
 
 s^ng sien ; endure affliction till immortality is 
 attained thereby. sien-kut ; lithe ; lissome ; 
 fairylike, pue sien ; seraphs ; genii who have 
 great powers. thien sien ; angels. tl sien ; 
 immortals living among men. h5ng-sien-hne ; 
 the touch-me-not flower, poih sien ; the eight 
 genii, deified mortals, regarded now as the 
 patrons of art. h(5 kiie sien-tang ; sweeter 
 than nectar. sien-ke kfti bio ieh ; a mystic 
 
 remedy from the genii ; a draught giving 
 immortality, sien hut ; a long besom of horse- 
 hair, used to drive mosquitoes away. sien 
 tang ; a fairy grotto. sien keng ; a temple of 
 the genii. i Jiu-l&i kui sien khu ; afterward 
 he became an immortal. 
 
 sien 96 sien-hu; red coml. ft no ki 
 733 5 sien-hu ; 1 have two branches 
 of red coral. 
 
 Tetter ; ringworm ; scald- 
 head ; scrofulous or leprous 
 
 sien 104 
 /MT 801 17 
 sores. 
 
 se" sien ; has a scabby eruption. sien Ieh ; 
 medicine for ringworm. buah sien ; annoint 
 a scaldhead. gu phue sien; a kind of lepra, 
 kira ci° sien ; a leprous patch, cu mo" sien ; 
 tetter which destroys liair. ang sien ; red 
 
 ringworm. 
 
 '^ sien 113 To sit abstractedly in con- 
 751 12^ templation, as do Buddhist 
 priests ; meditation ; to resign the thone to an- 
 other family. 
 
 CO sien ; sit lost in contemplation. i ciu jit 
 kio to cp-sien cek ie°; he sits all day like one 
 in fixed contemplation, such as Buddhists prac- 
 tise, sien-su ; the priests, who are supposed 
 
DICTIONIKT OF THE 8WAT0W DIALKCT. 
 
 485 
 
 to contemplate and pray. sien Qi pan i kui 
 tRi-cliiii ; resigned the throne to one of liis 
 courtiers. 
 
 •jl^ Rien 64 To act as one pleases; to take 
 4 ^L 753 13 fhe responsibility of doing 
 without oi'ders ; willful ; illegally ; arbitrarily ; 
 to usurp, to assume ; despotic, 
 mill su iTi ka" sien-cwn ; would not venture to 
 act uuauthorizedl3'. i cliu-c3,i id sien khwn ; 
 lie now usurps authority. i cp-ni ka" sien- 
 
 cu tliiah huang ? How dare he take the re- 
 sponsibility of opening the envelope without 
 orders ? 
 
 3& sien 30 Good from principle ; virtu- 
 jrri 752 9 ous; merit from good works, 
 such as the Buddhists teach; goodness; eminent; 
 wise; meek, docile; fitted for; clever, expert, 
 handy ; to take to naturally ; in a high degree; 
 to do a thing well ; to expedite. 
 Bien ak kau thau cong u po; good and evil have 
 always in the end a meet recompense, kia" sien; 
 act righteously. sien su ; virtuous actions. 
 
 Bien huap ; a clever scheme; a good rule, sien 
 cong; a peaceful end. sien u sien po, ak u ak 
 po ; virtue is well rewarded, and vice is suitably 
 punished, min-sek m sien ; his face has a bad 
 expression, i sien can; he is an expert runner, 
 rgui-sien ; hypoci'itical. ngui-sien kai nang ; 
 a hypocrite. m si cin sien ; is not real good- 
 ness, ke sien ; pretended virtue, se" png lai 
 si sien ; disposition is naturally docile. i sim 
 si sien eng nang; he is naturally very apt at it. 
 koi ak, chong sien ; depart from evil and do 
 good. siu sien kfii nang; one who cnltivates 
 virtue. sien-au-kek si phoi"-li sien-a.u kai su- 
 ngi kai ; a subsidiary committee takes the man- 
 agement of what is left to be attended to after 
 the work of a previous committee is completed, 
 fien sim ; a meek spirit. h\vn-lio hue tin sien; 
 lias not yet attained the utmost excellence. 
 
 sien 195 
 7.: 3 "12 
 1 : slices of fried eel 
 
 Small fresh water eels, 
 pell sien ; white eels. 
 
 be- 
 
 sien 120 To transcribe or write out 
 
 *jp$ 752 12 with care, 
 slen-si'a phin-tie"; engross the facing of a setni- 
 circular screen. i own to sien-si'a cu-siii ; he 
 makes a business of copying out dispatches. 
 
 ^^r sien 130 The kidneys. 
 1^ 733 "8 tu .sien-ci; the kidneys of 
 Bwine. sien-cf ie"; kidney siiaped. (O sien, in 
 sien ; the left and the right kidney. po sien ; 
 strengthen the kidneys. 
 
 Hi 
 
 sien 180 Viands; rich fare; delicacies. 
 I|zt 752 12 i kai cu-ce si chwn keng- 
 sitiii, a si piia" keng-sien ? In this school is the 
 teacher's food furnish wholly by the pupils, or 
 only in part ? i fi keng-.sien ; he has his 
 
 provisions furnished. 
 
 Tli^ ^*^" — ^^ resign the throne. 
 /|™ 751 12 i sien ui khut i kai tfti chin; 
 he resigned the throne to his noble relative, 
 soi" .sien ui kbut i kai ki'a"; abdicated iu favor 
 of his son. 
 
 — siet — 
 
 siet 145 To treat irreverently. 
 
 798 11 siot-tok ; to profane. rxi-h(5 
 siet-tok tioh sin-raSng ; do not blaspheme the 
 gods, siet-tok tieh i; treated him shamefully. 
 
 ■^/u siet 149 To institute; to establish; 
 Pt^ 750 4 to set up ; if ; supposing; for 
 instance. 
 
 ci kai kui-ku si i siet-lip kai ; this custom is 
 one that he established. ci'a si sin siet-lip kai 
 huap-to ; this is a newly established regulation, 
 siet huap; devise means. siet siah ; make a 
 feast. siet-sai i a si soi" cai cu mien ta"; sup- 
 posing that he knows it beforehand, then you 
 need not tell him. siet tie"; siet ka ; open a 
 school, cek koi" pai-siet kau chi-chi ceng-ceng; 
 the whole place is made very luxurious, siet- 
 jiak u put-chek kai su li lu cu ho cii-i kia"; 
 should any unforeseen thing happen, then da 
 whatever you yourself think best. ca si to ci 
 ko siet Q siii-ti; a station for guards was early 
 established here. chin-chie" thien c2,u tl siet 
 kai ; as if made by nature herself. 
 
 — sill — 
 sill 72 To flash ; to quiver. 
 253 6 iap-iap-sih; to glitter; to shim- 
 mer; to shiver, iap-ce-sih; to flash, iap-ce-sih 
 cu bo klm ; flashed once and then disappeared. 
 
 -ttrjl sih 142 To consume away; to incroacli 
 p-*^ 767 9 upon ; to eat into, 
 jit sih, gueh sih ; eclipses of the sun and of 
 the moon. i kai seng-li sih png ; he loses 
 
 capital in his busines. hue ke sih se-su ; lost 
 a little on the cost of the goods. thaiig, sih ; 
 profit and loss. t3,i sih; toa sih ; made great 
 in loads on the original amount. sih png ; 
 
 has lost money in the transaction. 
 
 — sim — 
 
 I* sim Gl The heart; tlie centre; the 
 'Li* 806 middle; the mind or under- 
 staiuling; the will, intention, motive ; the af- 
 fections; desire; origin, source. 
 
486 
 
 DTCTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 u sim ; is considemie, tliougljtfwi for otliers. 
 u ii&ng siru kai iiaiig ; is a liumniie person, 
 sim cheng; imperturbable. i cf-hue cheng 
 RJrn c3,i ; she is now very calm. eng cin sim- 
 ki ; take the utmost pains. uang hfii sim-ki ; 
 waste his pains. sim m tia"; his mind is un- 
 settled, sim lia"; has his mind fully made up. 
 si sim pak kili u&iig ; is a trustworthy person, 
 i kai sim-li ho; his intentions are good. sim 
 i7i to ; ab.seut minded. sim bd gle"; did not 
 think of it. sim sle' si cie*-Be"; thought it was 
 thus, thi* li Hang sim ; conscientious; honor- 
 nble. i b6 Uang sim ; he is not fair toward 
 
 others, png sim ; the natural heart ; ray own 
 mind, view, or notion. i to sim to su ; she is 
 very capricious. eng sim <:b ; do it earnestly, 
 khng-koi kau i hue sim tag i; remonstrate 
 with him till he changes his notions in regard 
 to it. lu pang sim ; be easy in your mind. 
 CO lu na° sim ; do not be solicitous about 
 it. sfe-sim ; sbi-sim ; carefully; attentively; 
 sedulous. liu sim thoi"; regard with close 
 
 attention. tia sim nfa kiio cQ si ; ray heart 
 
 lias received it, (a form of declining an invita- 
 tion or present), i kai sim cong-ku iTi pf ; his 
 desire for it never dies, i kai sim uah-phnah 
 cfti ; he has a very active mind. ua liam-sim 
 llara-sira t(5 tdng lu; I was expecting you with 
 my heart set upon your coming. sim kia'; 
 alarmed ; apprehensive. sim thio ; my heart 
 jumped. sim-kua'-thau p6k-p6k-thio ; heart 
 throbs violently, sira-kua" pok-pdk-toa"; heart 
 beats rapidly, sim piak-piak-phah ; tlie heart 
 palpitates. sim kui^-kui"; is lonesome ; longs 
 for the absent. i sim-su coi ; he is full of 
 
 devices, i id sie" sim su ; he is devising some 
 project. i si u gi sim ; she is suspicious, 
 
 niai" sai i kai sim gi ; do not awaken her 
 suspicions, sim teug Q pe"; has disease of the 
 heart or the mind. hd sim ; kind hearted, 
 
 cai sim kai nang; one who understands human 
 nature. sim iu-cho ; melancholy. khng-koi 
 i kai sim raai" iu-bun ; urge her not to be 
 down hearted, tam sim ; khua sim ; anxious, 
 sim hua"-hi; pleased. seng-sim ; sincere. 
 
 Bin-sim ; trusting. own sim cwn i ; single 
 
 rainded. cin sim ; true, earnest, tieh hu sim 
 lai oh cia° oh tit chim ; must bring an unoccu- 
 pied mind to the study of it, and then you 
 will learn it thoroughly, sim pheng, klii hiia; 
 in cordial agreement. i kai sim-khi thia"; 
 
 he has distress in the region of the heart. 
 i kai sim hueh hu ; his blood is impoverished, 
 i kai sim cong-ku it-tit i; she always remem- 
 bers him very affectionately. i si sim-sSn i7i 
 lia" kai nang ; he is a person who is deranged 
 
 ;n miud. 
 
 lid sim hd ko \:b ; goodness is 
 
 rewarded with goodness. sim hu, ta" cien ; 
 
 timorous and cowardly. sim ciu ; lonely ; 
 
 yearning for friends; homesick, sim pek-chiet; 
 zealous ; eager, sim hue i)hu; passions roused, 
 sim-se" k^n ; impatient. i kai sim nng ; he is 
 easily wrought upon. n-ig sim ; impression- 
 able, sim nge ; hardhearted. jim sim, hai 
 li; acts according to his feelings and goes con- 
 trary to correct principles. tu sim ; swine's 
 heart. i k&i sim-khio hd ; he is intelligent, 
 khui i kai sim kliio; o{)en the eyes of his un- 
 derstanding, sim sie* i7i khui ; can't keep his 
 miud off it. chwa bo sa" sim u6 \; have no 
 two minds about it. chun sim ; holds it in 
 mental reservation, khng to sim lai; lay it up 
 in the mind, ci kd si t! sim ; this is the centre 
 of the plat, clifu sim ; the middle of the palm, 
 hue sim; the pistil of a flower. thftu-khak 
 sim ; the centre of the top of the head. ka- 
 ciah sim ; the centre of the back. teng sira ; 
 lamp-wick, pa-sim; the bull's-eye in a target, 
 sim lai cio-chau ; vexed at heart. chtiu sim ; 
 perplexed; distressed. hwu tleh sira cu ai" 
 se' pe"; trouble of mind will produce illness, 
 i k&i sira hiang t5 i kp; her heart inclines to- 
 ward him. i kai sim gua hiang ; liis mind is 
 elsewhere. si i k&i t>im sd ngwn kai ; it is 
 what his heart desires. i kara sim cie'-se"; 
 he is willing to have it so. sim chSng i ngwn 
 kai ; what he is cordially in favor of. sira- 
 cie ; congenial. mai' kio-jio i kai sim ; do 
 not disturb her raind. thdi" tieh kha siia 
 nng ; seeing it makes my legs shake under me. 
 ju-i li chah to cang siiu ; set the ornament in 
 the centre of the coiffure. 
 
 sim-pu A daughter-in-law. 
 ^^ 804 chua sim-pu ; bring home 
 a wife for a son. 
 
 sim 40 To weigh evidence ; to in- 
 738 i^ vestigate judicially ; to try 
 cases. 
 
 Sim nifig; a judicial inquiry. sim kua''-8i ; 
 
 to try a case in court. to toa tng sim, a si jl 
 Ing sim ? Was the trial conducted in the outer 
 or the inner court of the yamun ? thwn lai 
 tiii sfm ; summoned to confront each other in 
 court. sim-phwn; to examine the evidence 
 and pronounce judgment. cle°-si thi sim ; his 
 snpejior in office took the case into the higher 
 court, seng sim kna"; an officer specially sent 
 to try a case. Inj-lfi^ si cp-ni sim huap ? In 
 
 what way is the trial conducted in the differ- 
 ent courts ? sim chut i kai su si hu, i kai tu 
 si sit ; found upon investigation that the one 
 had trumped up his charge, and the other had 
 
DICTIONAUT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 487 
 
 real canse of complnint. sim kin) ti-tiang u 
 clieiig-H? Upon judicial examination, who was 
 Bbown to be in the right ? 
 
 Rim 88 A father's younger brothei-'s 
 
 738 15 wife, 
 a-si'm bd ; my aunt. a-sfra ; a respectable 
 
 middle aged woman; a nurse; a woman of 
 all work ; used in addressing a woman of the 
 middle class. 
 
 sim 99 Extremely ; to the utmost. 
 
 738 X sim h(5 ; the best. sim toa; 
 the very largest. sim ngi'a^ exceedingly 
 
 beautiful. sim tng; excessively lengthy, 
 
 khi-hu nang thai sim ; impose upon people 
 overmuch. sim si oi ; is remarkably able. 
 
 cie"-se hvvn-li'o boi sim, io cp-ni cia" kie co 
 sim ? Since that is not the utmost limit, why 
 call it excessive ? sim hua''-hi ; greatly 
 
 delighted. thia" tieh sim m hau"; was much 
 displeased when he heard it. si sira-mih su ? 
 What is the matter ? i kie-cp sim-mih mia" ? 
 What is his name ? i khi siin-raili f-u ? What 
 33 she vexed about? i khu sim-mih tl-hng ? 
 To what place has he gone ? 
 
 sitn 64 To put down ; to delay; to 
 
 426 14 hesitate. 
 i kai pit sim cek kua, sie" bo lai ; he laid down 
 liis pen for half a day. being unable to think 
 what to write. pit biiah klii liii, chwn miii 
 
 pirn, li-li Iph ; having rubbed his pen in the 
 ink, he had no need of delaying at all to use 
 it, but wrote on at once. 
 
 sin 158 The body, the trunk, the main 
 735 part of a thing ; the hull ; 
 one's self; personal; the presence; one's charac- 
 ter or duty. 
 
 png sin ; my body ; 1 myself. i png-.sin si 
 
 gua-chu nang; he himself is an alien. chiah 
 sin 16 thoi ; stark naked. sin-thoi ; sin 
 
 chai ; the (human) boily. cie" sin tng, e sin 
 ip ; the upper half of his body is longer than 
 the lower half. chut sin ; to enter on office; 
 the origin or early life of a person, i si chong 
 thak-cu chut sin ; he came from literary oc- 
 cupations into office, cong sin kai kak-kek si 
 cp-ni ? What is the outcome of his life ? iSu 
 sin ; I, an old woman. i ka-ki chut sin li f-u; 
 lie himself takes the lead in the management 
 of affairs, sin kui ; is tall. sin-hang toa; is 
 above the average size, i kize sin kliU li'o ; he 
 is dead. i .«i u sin ke kai nang ; he is a man 
 of some property. pnt leng hun sin ; I have 
 110 time to leave this and attend to that ; can't 
 
 be in two places at once. phah iTi khni sin ; 
 cannot get away; cannot attend to more than 
 I now have on hand. khf sin ; tong sin ; 
 
 to start on a journey. kia" kau ciu sin kai 
 
 nek t(5 tun ; so frightened that my flesh quaked 
 all over me. i chin sin khu; he went himself, 
 boi sin ; sell one's self. sin Su kai su thph i 
 li ; committed to him the arrangement of her 
 obsequies, inai" khah hd sin hun ; do not love 
 ease too dearly. ci kia'' su to lia sin tie"; this 
 devolves upon me. hwn sin; to turn over when 
 lying down, hui-tng sin ; xit-tng sin ; to turn 
 around when standing. i-li6k in kah sin; his 
 clothes do not fit him. i kai sin teng cheng 
 gim-mih hok-sek ? What garments did she 
 wear ? ti* kin sin ; entangled so that she 
 
 cannot get away. sin toi sa°; underclothing ; 
 garments worn next the person, i ciu sin tieh 
 khu sie" thih-poh ; he should go and have his 
 whole body plated with iron. sin teng cheng 
 tliih-kah ; he wears armor. cek sin ceng- 
 
 ceng kut ; he is nothing but skin and bone, 
 khub 1:6 phuah kau thong sin lok-lok ; drench- 
 ed with rain till ihore is not a dry thread on 
 my body. mal'* go i kfii cong sin ; do not 
 
 make his whole life miserable. cng sin khub 
 thang cii tio ; the whole of it is riddled by 
 insects. hSm sin o ; is black all over, mak 
 kau sin tarn sin tih ; daubed so as to drip with 
 it. chin sin ; the trunk of a tree. ciu-p&ng 
 sin ; the body of the wine pitcher. peh cie 
 be sin teng ; mount a horse, i kai sin- ui toa ; 
 it is large in girth. boi klii sin tho ang-kfa°; 
 bny a few clay dolls. ju sin ; take a sponge 
 bath, sui kiii sin pi"; keep close to him. cp 
 to ua sin pi"; sit close beside me. tue kin sin; 
 to stick clo.se to one; to adhere tightly to a 
 person. bo kp hd ua" sin ; have no place 
 
 where I can be comfortable. i hin-khek to tl 
 kp chang sin ? Where does he now conceal 
 himself? i in-ui hu kia" sfi ti-kau sin si; it 
 was in that way that he came to lose his life, 
 i siang 6i ku sin-hun ; he takes the greatest 
 care of his health. i bp mueh hd cia sin ; 
 
 he has no means of screening himself. i sin 
 ku tSu-thui (O u jvvn cp ? Being a prefect, how 
 can he act without regard to rules? sai kau i 
 bp long sin cu ti ; left him no means of getting 
 a living. cun-sin ; tho hull of the boat, 
 
 cng kim sin kai sin ; gilded idols. cua''-ia"- 
 sin tau ta" thau ; the puppet has had the wrong 
 head put on it. toa chu-sin-teng boi lau ; the 
 main roof does not leak, ue piia" sin tia°-tia"; 
 paint a half length portrait only, ue cng sin ; 
 draw a full length portrait. phah kau thong 
 sin tak-cak o-che"; beat him till he is bruised 
 black and blue from head to foot. se"kau cek 
 
488 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 Rin koi ; liis wliole body is covered with sores, 
 i sin pi" u kiii kni lara niig ki'a" ? How many 
 son and daughters has she with lier ? fl ain- 
 hun ; is pregnant. 
 
 sin 69 New; just made ; the latest. 
 
 80G 9 sin-bun-ciia ; a newspaper, sin 
 iii ; the new year. sin lip kai huap; a newly 
 establislied regulation, sin fn\g ; a bridgroom. 
 sin nie j a bride. sin io"; a new style. sin 
 sa"; a new tunic. pua" sin ku ; half-worn ; 
 
 neither new nor old. sin chi";. fresh ; newly 
 killed or caught for food. sin chun ; spring- 
 tide, sin bl ; the first of the reason ; the early 
 crop, cfa si b6i lai sie'^sin c6 ; this was bought 
 as a foretaste of the early fruits. sin chut 
 
 mueh-kia"' kiii c-ai ; things that are the fir»t of 
 their kind are always dear, sin khwn; a new 
 fashion. long- via"' Su sin; newly repainted, 
 
 i si sin lai k»i ; he has recently arrived. sin 
 kill kui chii ; a house titely built. sin kh«i 
 kai tl ; newly opened ground. sin Ifth.jit; 
 
 new almanacs, sin bf pAg ; cooked rice of the 
 late crop. sin cui kiam h(i; newly opened 
 
 stock of salt fish. sin beh k&i mi"; flour made 
 from now whesit. sin sua" kai siam ; ginseng 
 that is not fully grown. sin khai-ciiing ; new- 
 ly opened stock of goods ; a fresh display. 
 
 p|Z| sin 102 To state to a superwr ; the 
 'I 736 1 ninth of the twelve stems, 
 sin-si ; from 3 to 5 o'clock p.m. sin bun khu 
 (io"-si ; send a report to his superior in ofl&ce. 
 sin meng kliut ua cai; state it clearly to me. 
 
 >|^m sin 120 A large sash or girdle with 
 ^V^V 736 5 ornamental ends ; tLo.se who 
 are privileged to wear sashes, the literati, 
 graduates, officials, and gentry. 
 Jiie" sin ; country gentlemen. jQ kak hie" 
 
 kai sin khi ; order khe gentry and officials in 
 every village, sin kliim hue^ the gentry, sin 
 f 3 ; head men ; elders. 
 
 Jh| sin 5 To seek aid from spirits. 
 PlL 335 5 tang-sin cle^to-thui, kia" hue 
 16, loh iu thng ; the spirit- medium ascends a 
 ladder of knives, walks over a bed of coal.s, and 
 plunges into hot oil. kng kai tung-sin to kie 
 teng khu chu te chii ciii; carry a spirit-medium 
 in a sedan-chair, to get tea and water for 
 offerings. 
 
 #sin 9 To^ redress ; to vindicate ^ to 
 763 5 clear up a causes to straighten; 
 worth ; value at; equal to. 
 kio i sin wn ; redress his wrongs. u wn bo 
 sin ; have unredressed grievances. chiu siu 
 
 chut lai ; straighten out your arm. ti6 p6i" 
 
 sin-chiu jieh khuah ? How large are the two 
 wings of the building? sin co ngun ; valued 
 in money. chun cap nie ngiiii siu co jieh coi 
 ci" ? What is the value iu cash of the ten taels 
 that remain ? 
 
 job* sin 
 
 JU 799 
 
 addressed as Teachers 
 
 10 sin-se"; a teacher. thong 
 
 4 cheng c^siu-se"; are generally 
 
 '^Vt. sin 160 The eighth of the ten stems, 
 - I * 806 which corresponds to metal 
 
 and the west ; sad. 
 
 sin kho ; grievous. c5 kang-ka ning slm si 
 
 sin kh6 ; working people have a hard time. 
 
 chut gBa u&ng sin-siu kh6-khd ; travellers fare 
 
 hardly. 
 
 4*IHf ^*" y ^" ^^^' carefully and seriously. 
 \^ 738 10 kdn-sin ; heedfuHy. t»" Qo 
 kun-sin ; speak with precision. c5 su kun- 
 
 sfn ; act cautiously. iTi kiin-sin ; incautious, 
 kun-cu sin tok ; the priucely mau is careful 
 when he is alone. 
 
 sin 149 To inquire into Judicially; 
 
 808- 8> to investigate ; to examine, 
 as witnesses. 
 
 cd tng sin i Imng-cfcn kit ua"-kia"; sit in court 
 and try the ca.se of tke two litigants. i ci- 
 hue khu sin kua^-si; he has now gone to 
 testify in a lawsuit. kau ci tng i°-keng sin 
 
 sa" tiig lio ; this makes three times that the 
 witnesses have been examined. niua°-khi-i'a 
 ai" tnj s^n ; the judicial investigation will be 
 begun to-morrow morning, sin lio bue u t\Vn- 
 kak ; has tri^jd the ca.se but has not get given 
 a verdict. cek e ngiam sin, i ksli cin chSng 
 
 cu chut Ifti ; when once closely examined into 
 the real circumstances will be make evident. 
 
 142 A mirage. 
 
 7 hai teng kui sln-khi; mirages 
 at sea. kio sin-lau hai-chl c§k Iu° ; like a 
 
 mirage seen at sea ; exaggerated reports ; wild 
 stories. 
 
 KJI sin 31 The sinciput j the calvaria. 
 
 1^ 808 T a-no-'kia"' hisih-sin i.6k-p6k- 
 toa*^; the sinciput of the babe throbs. lau kai 
 sin-tho ; leave a tuft of hair growing over the 
 sinciput. ti teng sin-tho ; wore an infantas 
 
 tufted cap. bin mug; the fontanel' in a babe. 
 
 %/Tt sxn 85 A guard house, or post-honse; 
 j/\, 808 ^ stations placed about a league 
 apart on the high, roads. 
 i hin-kheU khla to tl kai sin ? At what ])Ost on 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALBCT. 
 
 489 
 
 the I'oad is he now stationed ? sin tl kua" ; 
 
 master of a guard station. sua".thau s\n hln- 
 cJli si il-tiang t(5 co ? Who now commands the 
 guard station at Swatow ? 
 
 vXl sin 162 Quick ; swift ; hasty. 
 3 iTV 808 3 piii-sok cu ai"; want it at once, 
 sill po jio kliu ; pursue with swift steps. sin 
 lui put kip lam ju ; as a clap of thunder which 
 gives one no time to stop the ears ; a word and 
 a blow. 
 
 >r=^ sin 9 Sincerity, truthfulness ; integ- 
 I pt 807 7 rity; faith; a man of his word ; 
 to believe in ; to confide in ; to accord with ; 
 to follow ; a seal, a stamp, which gives ground 
 for trust ; a letter or note ; a messenger ; oil- 
 hand ; impromptu. 
 
 i siang-sin cSi ; he has great confidence in it. 
 i sin-sit cSi; he is very trustworthy, sin-tang; 
 sin huang ; the envelope of a letter. sia sin ; 
 write a letter, sin cua; letter-paper, lia cie"-jit 
 kia ii sin khut i ; I sent him a letter the other 
 day. eih tieh sin; receive a letter, thiahsin; 
 open a letter. thiah-khui hnang-tang khieh 
 
 sin lai th6i°; open the envelope and take out 
 the letter and look at it. hu sin toi co-ni 
 
 ta"? What is in the letter ? huang sin ; close 
 and seal a letter. cau-be-sin ; postman, mail- 
 carrier, or courier. sin-kek ; postal agency, 
 sin-kwn; a post-office, sin-ci"; ci'u-ci"; postage, 
 hiie-cun sin ; letters going or coming by steam- 
 er, gua kok kia lai kai phoi sin ; letters and 
 dispatches from foreign countries, hang cheng 
 sin ; commercial circulars. chia" cSk nang to 
 phoi°-li sin-kia"; ask some person to take charge 
 of the correspondence. sin min sim-mih se"- 
 mia°, sxm-mih cu-cl ? What is the name and 
 address on the letter ? thph pang sin-kek kp 
 kia khu ; send it through the post-office, i cp 
 BU bp sin bp sit ; he acts faithlessly, cin siang- 
 sin ; really believe in. i chim sin i ; she has 
 great faith in him. lia m sin ; I do not believe 
 it. i sit sin ; he has lost his confidence in it. 
 sin-khau ; impromptu. i kai ue sin-khau ta" 
 chut lai cu seng bun-li ; what he says off- 
 hand is in such good style as to be classic. 
 i kai ji li sin-pit si'a chut lai cu ngia-ngia ; 
 what he writes offhand is beautifully written. 
 i u im-sin lai a bp ? Has she had any news ? 
 b6 sin bp sek ; no news of any sort from him. 
 ph§ng-ang sin; a pleasant letter, ke sin; home 
 letters. ci kai sin-iing seng-sim cS,i ; this 
 
 devotee is very sincere. sin-cieh sui si ciah si 
 nang ia si tl pe" kai io ieh ; arsenic, although 
 it is a deadly poison, is also an important 
 remedy in the treatment of disease, chin-chie" 
 hd sin ; appeal's credible. 
 
 sin 120 A cord, string or line, espe- 
 772 18 cially a builder's line ; a line 
 stretched taut ; to mark by a line ; to enforce 
 conformity to a rule; to adjust, 
 cun-sin; a standard ; a line to go by; uj) to the 
 mark. i mill su to u kai ciin-sin; in whatever 
 he does, he sets bounds for himself. cun-sin 
 tia" cJii; the lines are very exact, niui" b6 ciin 
 bp sin ; do not be without a fixed standard. 
 
 sin 72 The sun beaming forth ; dawn. 
 
 21 7 ca sin kai si-hau cu lai ; come 
 in the early morning. cheng sin kai si-haa ; 
 at early dawn. 
 
 Bin 113 That power or cause which 
 737 6 operates by its own energies; 
 diffused, formless, and inscrutable, yet making 
 things develop ; the powers above as opposed 
 to the powers below ; the gods, the divinities ; 
 a god in the usage of pagans ; used by many 
 for the true God; a spirit; a supernatural good 
 being ; the human spirit, the directing power of 
 the body; the animal spirits ; divine, spiritual, 
 as being higher than man ; supernatural, god- 
 like, wonderful, superhuman; mysteriously; 
 very, exceedingly. 
 
 sin-meng ; the gods. sin kiii ; good and evil 
 spirits. sin-sien ; spirits and elves, sin hut ; 
 native and foreign gods ; native sages and 
 Buddha. cia" sin, sia sin ; beneficent and 
 
 harmful deities. pai sin ; worship the gods, 
 su sin ; serve the gods. h5ng sin ; make offer- 
 ings to the gods, khiu sin; besought the gods, 
 mng sin ; ask a sign from the gods. ci sin ; 
 sacrifice to the gods. ia° sin ; cai-ry the gods 
 out for an airing. cili sin ; welcome the gods 
 on their return, ngeng sin ; look reverentially 
 up to the gods, sang .sin; accompany the gods 
 in a procession, sin phau; a cloak for the god. 
 sin kham ; a wooden shrine for gods or ances- 
 tral tablets. khieh khu sin mIn c6i° kp hien ; 
 lay it before the gods as an offering. sin 
 
 chiang; a portico for the gods, sin sie"; images; 
 idols. pai ta° sin ; worship the wrong god. 
 
 ke sin; sin cu ; lares, or deified spirits of ances- 
 tors, sai sin; set up a god. sin ciang; attend- 
 ants on the gods. sin-hun; the soul, before or 
 after death, sin hau ; sin-nglain ; wonderfully 
 efficacious, iang sin; refresh oni.''s spirits, sim 
 ce tong sin cucai; the gods know every emotion 
 of the heart, ci ka,i nang ho eng sin; this per- 
 son has his wits about him. thdi" khu jip sin ; 
 have taken it into my mind. mak sin ; ngan 
 sin; the expression of the eyes. ii ceng-sin ; 
 spirited. bp ceng-sin ; spiritless. se° lai 
 ceng-sin ; naturally lively, sin-khi cok cSi ; is 
 
490 
 
 DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 very vigorous. bd mih siu-kbi ; has little 
 
 vitality, liu sin, nbi thoi"; keep a careful look 
 out for it. tell kl kii 8U si lau sin c5i ; chess 
 is a thing that taxes the mind, m-hd khah lau 
 tieh sin ; do not tax your strength too heavily, 
 ku thau sa° chieh u sin-khi ; only three feet 
 above you is a god. hiong bin ak suah ; an 
 
 evil spirit has got hold of you. loh slu ; a 
 
 witch ; one who is taken possession of by a 
 spirit. Bin phah t^ng-ki ; the spirit has taken 
 possession of the medium. cf kfti l&u-ia chat 
 sin ; this god has gone to occupy a human 
 body. sin sok cJCi ; wonderfully quick. of 
 ui sin filang hfon ; this god is very apt to mani- 
 fest himself. bo sin bo khi ; has no vitality. 
 kiang-kh{ ceng-slu l^i if; rally your energies 
 and attend to it. khui l5 sin ; thi" slu ; a 
 
 sort of effigy that is carried before funerals as 
 a pursuivant of the dead. oe°-uii ngwn-sin ; 
 compose your spirit ; calm yourself. k^ng 
 
 sin ; revere the gods, sin ble ; a temple with 
 images of the gods, siii-hok ; offerings for the 
 gods. sin hiio ; a fire ball ; a bright Jack-o- 
 lantorn. sin Qi ; a shrine, sin hui ; what has 
 been offered to idols. 8in-thi" p6-hi ; heaven 
 protect us. tl sin ; th6 sin ; local divinities ; 
 gods of the land. hok sin ; the blessed 
 
 gods. chai sin ; god of wealth. hue sin ; 
 god of fire. lui sin ; the god of thunder, cui 
 sin ; god of water. sin-Gang ; ceng-sin Qang; 
 in vigorous health. sin phi ; languid ; out of 
 spirits ; no power of concentration. bu-bwn 
 tieh sin-meng ; neglect the gods. mng-sin ; 
 
 the god of the door. cau sin ; the kitchen 
 
 god. ce" sin ; god of the well. chlu sin ; 
 the god that dwells in a tree. sua" sin ; god 
 of the mountain. sin-khak ; a medicine used 
 for indigestion and colds. hok-sin ; a tonic 
 
 alterative. chiusincphi; recompense the 
 
 gods by inviting them to a theatrical perform- 
 ance, sin teng; a lamp burned before the gods, 
 tia" sin soi thoi"; fix the attention and look 
 cxref ully. i kai ceng-sin cii-cu t(5 th6i° cu ; 
 his mind is fixed upon his book. i kai bue 
 
 tia" sin to-ko ; he is not altogether sane. sin 
 id ; no power of concentmtion. i k&i ceng- 
 sin to ; he is not able to fix his mind steadily 
 upon one subject. cng sin ; adorn a god. 
 
 aug sin ; set a god in its niche. 
 
 sin 16J. Times, hours, seasons ; a 
 20 Chinese hour or one twelfth 
 of a day, but especially the time from 7 to 9 
 o'clock A. M.; heavenly bodies which mark the 
 times ; the fifth of the twelve stems, over which 
 the dragon rules ; spots in the sky where no 
 stars are seen. 
 
 cgk k&i si-sln u jieh kii ? How long is an honr ? 
 jit gueh che° sin ; the heavenly l)odies and 
 interstellar spaces. 'kin." jit si hd jit sin ; to- 
 day is a lucky time. 
 
 sin 108 To receive, as into a vessel. 
 
 772 7 khieh kai lia" lai" sin koi 
 hueh ; take a bowl and catch the fowl's blood 
 in it. sin kau c6k kng hQ-cui tl'-ti"; caught a 
 jar full of rain-water. khieh kii mueh idi sin 
 cia" b6i sua-ia cek koi"; yet something to catch 
 it in, then it will not spill over everything. 
 
 siu J8 A residue; leavings ; surplus ; 
 
 772 9 to retain, to keep back a part, 
 sin u a bd ? Is there any left ? sin fi hing ; 
 there is scarcely any remaining. hwn-li'o sin 
 toa-bd-m&eh ; there is still n great quantity on 
 hand. i si ngk kku fi sin ; he is much more 
 stupid than is necessary. sin c€k pixa"; one 
 
 half remains. ciah .sin kfii ; what is left after 
 the meal, sin-pang e tng ; keep it for the next 
 meal. cf hd sin, m-hd khih ; it is best to have 
 an overplus of this, rather than a deficiency. 
 
 — sio — 
 
 sic 86 To melt ; to liquify ; to thaw ; 
 
 793 7 to lessen by using ; to do 
 away with ; to annul ; to need and consume ; 
 needed, required, exigent ; to allay ; to digest ; 
 to exhaust; to eliminate; diminished, dispersed; 
 sold out ; transpiring. 
 
 sio hue khu ; melted away, sio khu; dissolved. 
 ci ie" mueh sio ciah; this aids digestion, sa" tng 
 ciah lio t6 \&i m sio kai cu hd ciah i sio ; what 
 remains undigested after three meals have been 
 eaten should be eliminated by medicine. ci 
 Ie° oi sio tak, hu le° li 6i sio ceng; this scatters 
 the poison, and that takes down the swelling, 
 ieh tall lio ceng sio a bue ? Has the swelling 
 gone down since the medicine was applied ? 
 tieh ciah kau tak-khi sio cheng-chd ; must take 
 it till the virus has all been cleansed out. i ti 
 kfti sio kuah khi pe"; he has an ailment which 
 is accompanied with intolerable thirst. cle° 
 sio, e sio, tong sio ; a great appetite with 
 constipation, a great appetite with diarrhea, 
 and a great appetite with good digestion and 
 no increase of flesh. hua sio ; use up, spend, 
 consume. cek jit sio sa° tan bi ; use three 
 
 pecks of rice per day. ke kai sio iTi khu ; 
 
 cannot digest more than that. sio khi'en; 
 
 dissipate care. sio 6i°; pass the time, ciah 
 
 ci'u sio cho ; drink wine to dissipate sorrow, 
 kia" khut i sio-thio ce ; walk about to aid 
 digestion and quicken the circulation. hun 
 sio, phek sua"; it has taken away all my spirits, 
 i kai hiie-mueh sio toa c^i ; his goods have a 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 491 
 
 great sale. ci Ie° mueli fo tliong sio ; this 
 
 article is more saleable. sio tliS.m ; cuts 
 
 phlegm. 01 sio cek peh ngun cu boi u ; it will 
 require only a hundred dolhirs to buy it. 
 
 sio 64 To search a house, as police- 
 ^^ ^ 755 10 men do ; to seek for. 
 sio ciiue r7i tieh ; cannot find it anywhere. hSi 
 iia mua''-ii-ko sio, jwn sio, sio bo ; made me 
 scaich everywhere for it, and no matter how 
 much I searched it, it was not to be found, 
 mua" koi° sio; searched everywhere, sio-thoi" 
 u to tu toi me; look and see whether it is 
 in the cupboard. sio u a bo ? Did you find 
 
 it ? thong sin sio; searched his whole person, 
 sio tieh cek ki to ; searched and found a 
 knife upon him. sio i kai ie-to ; seai'ched in 
 his stomacher, phai ti-tiang td tok sio-kfam ; 
 depute some one to search the candidates en- 
 tering the examinations. sio chut lai ; search- 
 ed it out. sio ke ; search the house. pang 
 khim-che khu sio ke ; send a commissioner to 
 search the dwelling. sio-che cng-mueh kai 
 
 phie; a search-warrant, authorizing a search 
 for stolen goods, sio-liah nang huam ; search 
 for and seize a criminal. 
 
 >^Zl> sio 167 To finish; to spend; to cancel; 
 ^pj 793 ~7~ to make void ; to exhaust, 
 sio iia"; to decide a case in court, cang iia" cu- 
 sio ; take up a case in court and dismiss it. 
 ua°-kia" i"-keng sio tio ; the case is already 
 disposed of. sio kim, ciah ngun kai ti-hng ; 
 
 a place where money quickly disappears; a very 
 expensive place to live in. tng lai sio che ; 
 
 return and report on the message sent. chu 
 hua lang sio ; such enmity is hard to appease, 
 cek pit kau-sio ; the affair is quite settled, 
 khui sio ; render an account of government ex- 
 penditures, cau sio ; a memorial of outlays. 
 
 sio 40 Night ; in the night; dark. 
 
 794 "7 ngwn-sio-me"; the night of 
 the full moon of the first month. e ng6 lien 
 sio ; through the afternoon and night. phio- 
 thkvL u sia lien sio a bo ? Does the placard an- 
 nounce that it is to be continued through the 
 night ? 
 
 Tftib sic 112 Niter or similar salts. 
 VH 793 ~7~ phok-sio ; niter, eng liu- 
 ng phok-sio cp hue-ieh ; sulphur and niter are 
 used in making gunpowder. sai cai sio ng si 
 huam kim kai su; to smuggle nitre and sulphur 
 is against the law. mang-sio ; glauber salts. 
 
 sio 162 sio-io; to ramble, to saunter, 
 794 ~T~ to wander for diversion, 
 sio-io cQ-cai ; saunter at ease. 
 
 m 
 
 sio 173 The empyrean ; the highest 
 794 7 region of air; heaven, 
 kill sio ; the remotest heavens. thia" tieh kS,i 
 hull cu pue kau kfu sio ; on hearing it, I was 
 frightened quite out of my wits, leng-sio-hae; 
 the trumpet flower. 
 
 sio 140 sio - tio ; lonely, desolate, 
 794 12 poverty stricken. hu kni 
 
 tl-hng 01 5u sio-tto c?li ; that region is during 
 
 late years very forlorn. 
 
 m 
 
 'J 
 
 >^i> 
 
 sio 94 Crazy; mad ; wild ; insane. 
 
 479 4 SIO kau; a mad dog. i si sio 
 kai; nfn mai" thin i ; he is crazy, do not provoke 
 him. i thak cu, thak kau sio, thak co cu-tien } 
 he has become daft by over study, and is a sorb 
 of bibliomaniac. i sui si cie" toa kai, cp sfl 
 
 hvvn-lio sio sin si'o tok; although he is so large, 
 he still acts without judgment. i kai sio sin 
 cek e lai, mih nS,ng i to ra-ui, la b6 liam bp chi; 
 whenever his crazy fits come upon him, he is 
 afraid of no one, and pays no regard to decency, 
 i pua" sio pua° tia°; he is half insane, i hwn- 
 1(5 kau sio ; she is insane from grief. hwn-l<5 
 h'o, sio a ! When you have fretted enough about 
 it, you will be crazy ! nin mai" t(5 sio ! Do not 
 act as if you were crazy ! i cia sio hwn-lio shg 
 61 kan-cu sio ; though he is insane, his is still 
 a mild form of insanit}'. hu kai sio khu cu 
 
 t5ng cai; that one's insanity is of a violent 
 type. 
 
 sio 42 Petty ; small ; trifling ; unedu- 
 
 795 cated ; vile, 
 sio-jin ; rude, boorish. sio-jin n§.ng ; a boor. 
 sio su; a petty affair ; an unimportant matter, 
 slo-khi ; small minded, sio-khi-kui ; a petty, 
 spiteful person. sio-khd ; but a trifle. sio 
 ku ; no grer.t matter. 
 
 "tfil^ ^-yt sio-li Ashamed, abashed, conscious 
 ^ ^ >?Bb 810 of demerit or unworthiness. 
 hai ua sio-li cS,i ; made me much ashamed, 
 cng kai m pat sio-li; boi sio boi If ; does not 
 feel in the least ashamed. i iii sio-li ; he is 
 afraid of bringing disgrace upon himself, sio- 
 li kau m ka° lai ; so ashamed he dare not 
 come. thoi" tteh sio-li si ; was dreadfully 
 
 ashamed when she saw it. 
 
 ^^ SIO 130 Relationship between parent 
 F^ 795 3 and child, 
 put sio kia°; an unfilial son. khu kua°-hu kp 
 pin put sjo ; go before a magistrate and charge 
 with unfilial conduct. i kai a-pe i"-keng pin 
 kiie put sio kS,i, u i bp kang ; his father has 
 already legally disowned him, and has nothing 
 
492 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DULKCT. 
 
 to do with him. i k&i kia", toa kfii cu 
 
 hka-suii, jl kai cu put-sio ; of his sons, the 
 eldest is filial, and the next to the eldest is 
 unfilial. 
 
 ^I> 810 42 Young; juvenile; junior. 
 ^-^ 746 1 liwn-lio RIO ni ; he is still very 
 young. 810 ni ke ; a young family. 8io nl 
 ISu s§ng ; a young man wif h the wisdom of age. 
 ISu 810 ; old and young. b\o ia ; the young 
 
 master. sio uai ; the young mistress. 
 
 810 66 To enumerate ; to count; to 
 777 11 deal out; to find out the 
 number ; an account, a bill ; a list. 
 810 th6i" jieli coi ; count them and see how 
 many there are. sio ta°; make a mistake in 
 
 counting, ch,i sio ke hiie ; count them over 
 
 again. lgng-Qa° s\o ; count again. BDg-sio ; 
 to reckon ; to calculate, sio plio ; an account 
 book. slio-raak-ji; nuraerahs. ki" sio ; chle' 
 sio ; loh b\o ; set down in account. pla" sio ; 
 transfet" an account. chau sio ; copy out an 
 
 account. tiii sio; compare accounts in order 
 to verify them. hOo sio; transfer a bill in pay- 
 ment of a debt, khiara sio ; unsettled balance. 
 th<5 sio; dun for the amount of a bill. hfti' 
 
 sio; to pay bills. hok sio; verify an account 
 by again calculating it. b6 sio ; there is no ac- 
 count to be reckoned, siu sio ; to coll*>ct bills, 
 cheng sio ; to clear off an account. sio m t!eh 
 i ; did not reckon him in. oh sio ; difficult to 
 determine. sio-bue ap cheng ; the balance is 
 paid in full. i t(5 kwn sio ; he keeps the 
 
 accounts. If sio-bak ; regulate the accounts, 
 sio pang ; counting room, thien kang tla" sio ; 
 fixed as fate ; exact as the cycle. thien sio i" 
 tia°; destiny is fixed. tSi sio lang to ; destiny 
 cannot be escaped, se" ai u sio ; life and death 
 are as fate determines. 
 
 sio-ci" The long legged spider. 
 794 sio-ci", si li u si, boi kio ti- 
 tu hie"-se" ke" k&i ; the shepherd spider has a 
 web indeed, but it is not woven like that of the 
 house spider. 
 
 1^ 
 
 ^ sio 130 Like ; resembling ; likenes<^. 
 795 3 lu thoi" sio a m sio ; do ytu 
 think the likeness good ? thoi" tieh sio cai ; 
 it is very like him. sio kau jiu m pat t6 khu; 
 so much alike one cannot tell them apart. 
 ki° ue kau cap hun sio tieh u hd-hd kai kang ; 
 if you want an exact likeness drawn you must 
 have an expert workman. lia th6i° tieh li bo 
 mih sio ; it does not look much like him. boi 
 a, a kui sia" sio ; yes, it does, it is somewhat 
 like. 
 
 — sioh — 
 
 sioh 64 To whiz. 
 
 755 10 sioh-sioh-kie, H-kwn sla ; the 
 whizzing of arrows continuously shot. cia' 
 
 thia°-ki° sioh-ce-kie ci" to kau l/o ; just ae I 
 heard the whiz, the arrow struck. 
 
 J^F* sioh 178 Colorless j whitish ; a faded 
 •^^ 820 8 ' look. 
 
 p&h-sioh pfih-sioh ; pale, colorless. mln pgh- 
 sioh, b6 haeh sek ; face wan and pallid. 
 — sip — 
 
 yJR^ sip 85 Damp ; to dampen. 
 13H« 770 14 sip cui k&i hiie-much ; goods 
 that have been damaged by water, huang sip; 
 rheumatism, sip khi ; damp exhalations, sip 
 jtet ; damp and hot. hang sip; cold and 
 
 damp. thong sin se' sip ; his whole body is 
 moist. of ko th6 si sip cfti ; the soil here is 
 
 very wet. v<S sip-sip; exceedingly damp, sip 
 t&ra ; humidity. khieh khu sip ciii, sip tftra 
 c3 ; take it and dampen it with water, till it is 
 quite wet. im sip; dampness gathered under 
 cover, cang c6i sip i mai khah kang; dampen 
 it so it will not be too dry. 
 
 p-| sip 61 To respire ; to breathe. 
 *\ll\ 803 6 khui sip ; respiration, mdng 
 tieh i hwn & khui-sip; discovered by laying thf 
 hand on his chest that he still breathed, i kai 
 khui-sip si 6i cho-toa; his breathing is labored, 
 nftug cC peh-cle" sua" khui-sip cii kfn; when peo- 
 ple climb hills their respiration becomes rapid 
 
 ^^ sip 178 Frosty ; snowy ; white. 
 '^ ^~^ 820 8 to bua kau sip-sip-peh; scour 
 the knives till they glitter. tliau-mo" li sip- 
 sip-pgh, rain li tong-tong-ftng ; frosty white 
 hair and a rosy face, i th6i°-ki" ngun sip-sip- 
 p6h cQ tong sim ; when he saw the shinin g 
 silver, his emotions were roused. 
 
 - V^ sip 01 To irritate ; to aggravate. 
 '^^\ 293 9" ua thau lu m h<5 khu sip i } 
 
 I told you not to go and irritate them. cfa si 
 khu sip tieh h6".thau-phang ; this is stirring 
 up a hornet. 
 
 ■fcfi^ sip 64 To collect; to gather up; to 
 ^n 768 6 to clear away ; to arrange, 
 siu-sip ; to put in order. khieh-sip ; to store 
 up ; to gather together. siu-sip khi ; collect 
 and put away. siu-sip-bua ; gather up. siu- 
 sip chut mng ; put one's things together pre- 
 paratory to going on a visit. 
 
 sip 145 
 805 "16 
 
 into 
 
 To inherit ; hereditary ; de- 
 scending in a family; to steal 
 to invade ; to make a foray. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 493 
 
 si-sip ; lievcditarj. i kui kua" si si-sip kai ; 
 his office is hereditary, i kui c6-pe u koiig, si- 
 sip u kua" ciak ; his grandfatlier having done 
 roevitorious deeds, had hereditary office and 
 rank bestowed on hira. sip-ira kui kua" ia ill" 
 khau kue ; those who hokl their office through 
 the merit of their ancestors liave also to pass 
 the examinations, cia si chau-sip nang kfii ku 
 bun ; this is plagiarism, i cong-kii ai" khu sip 
 i ; he is always wanting to make a sly attack 
 on them. 
 
 — sit — 
 
 Af"*!. sit 87 To lose ; to mislay; to omit; to 
 v'W 769 2 neglect ; to disregard ; to fail; 
 to err ; to miss ; to jeopardize ; to leave behind; 
 to slip ; to lose favor; failure ; a fault, 
 sit-loh mueh-kia"; lost articles, cia si i kai kiie- 
 sit; this is his fault, si lia sit kak chak; it was 
 I who overlooked it through absence of mind, 
 ham i kai sit cvi lai jin ; tell the one who lost 
 it to come and identify it, sit sin ; lose faith 
 in. sit chiu ; let it slip from his hand, khut 
 lia sit chiu kha tio khu ; was dropped and 
 broken by me. sit kha ; lose foothold, sit loi; 
 •nnmannerly. sit keng ; wanting in respect, 
 sit si ; miss the time, bvvn bo cek sit ; not the 
 least mistake in it. sit chak ; neglect to in- 
 
 quire into, sit i kai thi-min; lost the esteem 
 of others, sit tieh i kai lien ; lost his reputa- 
 tion, sit sim ; disheartened, sit hiin ; lost 
 his wits, sit kok ; lost his ci'own. sit tl-hng; 
 lose position. sit-sin ; abstracted, kia° kau 
 sit sin ; so frightened that he lost presence of 
 mind, ca-me" si ti-ko sit hiie ? Where was 
 the fire last night ? kiu tieh cek kai sit ciii 
 kai nang ; rescued one who had fallen into the 
 water, i ci-hue sit si ; he has now lost his in- 
 fluence, sit ci-kai ki-hue ; miss this oppor- 
 tunity, i co-ni ti-kau sit su ? How did he 
 feappen to fail in it ? i ca-me" sit kha lo, tieh 
 phah ; he failed to be on his rounds last night, 
 and must be beaten. i a si sit siu sia"-ti cti 
 tieh phoi" cue ; if he fails to guard the city, he 
 must be punished for it. liu-li sit s3 ; to 
 wander homeless, sit thwn ; fail of transmis- 
 sion, ci ie° huap i-'keng sit thivn ; this recipe 
 has been lost, not having been handed down. 
 ci cek tin 6i sit nang a bSi ? Is anyone missing 
 from this rank ? 
 
 sit 40 Real ; solid ; full ; compact 5 
 769 11 true, honest, sincere ; fixed, 
 as a price ; hard, as a knot ; the reality ; the 
 results, effects, or fruits ; facts; small and hard 
 fruits or seeds ; verily, in fact. 
 sit-cSi si hd ; is really good. cia si sit ch^ng 
 kai ; these are the actual circumstances, i tk" 
 
 kau sit-sit cS,i-cJli ; he tells the honest truth, 
 lau-sit ; harmless ; innocent ; inefficient, lau- 
 sit na,ng ; an amiable and i-ather incompetent 
 person. khui hue Ho 6i kit sit a boi ? After 
 blossoming does it bear fruit ? sit ke ; the 
 
 actual price. th<5 sit c5 ; ask for something 
 nearer the real price, sit su ; an actual event, 
 cin-sit ; real, hek sit ; ascertain the facts, 
 
 che sit ; find out the truth . rang khu tieh 
 
 sit lio ; have by inquiry found out the real cir- 
 cumstances, kien-sit; solid and strong. sit 
 sim ; sincere. sit sio ; the full tale. sit put 
 sie mua°; indeed I do not deceive you. ci kai 
 kua" si sit-siu kai a si su-su kai ? Is this magis- 
 trate the real incumbent or is he one who is 
 filling the office temporarily ? lu kio ua tA" 
 sit-ue ; tell me tlio truth about it. sit si cie°- 
 se"; that is the truth about it. tl mia" b6 sit; 
 u khi-mia", bo khi-sit ; has a name but no 
 actual existence. teh sit ; press down solid, 
 sit-tieh sit-tieh nS ; plain and good; substantial; 
 nothing spurious about it, kiu sit fl jieh tng? 
 When shrunken to its natural proportions, 
 how long is it ? phak sit, b6 tiam-kia"; when 
 dried in the sun so as bring it down to its 
 actual substance there will be but very little 
 of it. s§ng-sit ; earnest ; honest. thi° sit 
 cu khah td ; when sewed it will be too short, 
 i kai Qe bo ku sit ; what he says has not a 
 word of truth in it. i kai mo" sit-sit b6i 
 
 phong ; its fur is close and dense, it is not 
 fluffy. ngwn sit, bo cia su ; in fact, it is not 
 so. ham i ciu sit ta" ; tell him to speak the 
 
 truth. ciah sit ; stoi-es ; provisions. 
 
 sit 124 Wings, or fins. 
 
 66 4 phah sit ; to flop the wings, 
 pheh sit; to flap the wings, thi° khui sit; 
 
 to spi-ead the wings, sit theng m khui ; he 
 cannot stretch his wings, theug sit td pue ; 
 soar with outstretched wings. bue hwt sit ; 
 unfledged. sit hwt bue coi, pue m hng ; his 
 wings are not full grown and he cannot fly far. 
 sit pi ; the wing without the feathers. chah 
 sit pue khu ; take wings and fly away. nio". 
 hp° thiam sit ; add wings to a tiger. tiara 
 
 to i sit e ; hid under his wing. a" to i sit e ; 
 hovered under her wings. tl cek khi si si 
 
 k^i sit ; one sort is four-winged, m§ng sit ; 
 dried sharks' fins. h^ sit si tS iah cui kS,i ; 
 
 the fins of a fish are for it to swim with. i 
 
 song-khnai cSi td phah sit ; he ia very comfort- 
 able, and is airing his feathers. 
 
 siu 9 To adorn ; to clean up or renovate; 
 \^ 811 8 to repair ; to mend ; to adjust ; to 
 regulate ; to cultivate ; to practise ; to study 
 
494 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 how to do ; to chasten ; to examine and school, 
 siu-cia"; to repair; to fit up. siu-sip; to set 
 in order. siu-slp pin-pin ; all is in readiness, 
 siu-li ; to fit up ; to regulate. siu-sek ; to 
 
 beautify. siu-po ; to mend up. siu sien ; 
 practise virtue. siu kong ; to do good, to do 
 meritorious deeds, siu heng ; practise ascetic 
 austerities. siu cek huang cu ; to elaborately 
 prepare a letter. siu sim ; to school the feel- 
 ings, cf kai ntlng siu sim c&i ; this person 
 has a well ordered mind. sok siu; siu 
 kim ; teacher's wages. sok siu ngfin c6ng 
 sang a bQe P Has his schooling been paid 
 for yet ? 
 
 ik 
 
 siu 66 To receive, as when one goes 
 754 2 to got a thing or when it is 
 one's due ; to gather, to harvest ; to insnare, to 
 involve; to bind, to restrain; to conclude, to 
 bring to an end ; to remove ; to close or wind 
 up, as business ; annoyed or moved by, in 
 which sense it sometimes merely gives the 
 passive form to another verb, 
 pua" ua" siu tio ; clear off the table. siu khf ; 
 gather up and put away, niu jip lai; gatlicr in. 
 siu ngiin , siu ci"; collect money from debtors ; 
 take in coin. sin-mln teng si sfa m6ng nang 
 siu thiah ; the direction on the letter was that 
 a certain person should receive and open it. 
 siu cun-kui ; collect the boat-fares. siu-hdk 
 n^ng sim; win people's hearts. c6ng siu-kuah 
 a biie ? Is your harvest gathered yet ? siu 
 
 khang-khue; take in work, siu-toa"; a receipt 
 for money or goods. siu cheng-ch<5 lib ; have 
 received the amount in full. siu tit khi 
 
 a siu ni khi ? Can you collect what is due, 
 or not ? sin-sip ; make ready, by getting 
 
 things together ; to set to rights. tang lai 
 
 siu-sip i; will give him a whipping presently, 
 ua lai siu-sip lu ! I'll pay yon off for that ! 
 u siu seng a bd ? Has he received that portion 
 of the crop which is his rent for the land ? 
 siu pia" hue ia°; recall the troops into the camp, 
 siu-khng ; collect and put away. Biu-b6i ko- 
 tong ; make collections of curiosities. siu 
 
 m bua; cannot get them together. siu bua ; 
 collect together. h6 lai, ham i lai siu sa°; it is 
 about to rain, tell her to bring in the clothes, 
 khu kau, i m siu ; on carrying it to him, he 
 declined to accept it. siu cek le" co i-su tia°; 
 accept one out of the various things presented, 
 as a token of good will merely, siu tui; collect 
 in companies. thia°-ki° siu khim ; heard the 
 call to retreat. siu cek kai ngi ki'a" ; take a 
 son by adoption. siu kai chiah-kha; take a 
 concubine, siu co cek e ; gather up. siu loh 
 cun ; take and put into the boat. 
 
 siu 75 A coarse comb, with one row 
 
 775 7 of teeth ; to comb, 
 khieh siu l&i siu thau-mo°; get a comb and 
 comb your hair. ki" luah tieh eng siu-kia°; 
 
 for smoothing the hair you must use a small 
 comb, siu khi ; the teeth of a comb, siu pii ; 
 the back of the comb. siu than ap ; a dress- 
 ing case, siu cuang, ta pkng ; make the toilet. 
 
 sin 123 Savory food ; to feel asham- 
 810 5 ed ; to blush ; bashful, 
 i sim l^i siu-khui ; he is ashamed of it. thia" 
 tieh ham siu ham-siu n6 ; on hearing it, she 
 tamed very red. ham-siu ji'm jdk ; blushed 
 at the insult, sd ciah si tiea-sia peh-bl; lives 
 on delicate viands. 
 
 ^SStp siu 29 To accept ; to receive. 
 .^^^ 756 6 in ka° siu ; would not be so 
 presumptuous as to accept it. siu ke cek tui ; 
 do accept a couple more. khu khu i chwn 
 
 siu ; on arriving, he accepted the whole. c^ 
 ce siu ; accepted all of them. 
 
 •^-|* sin 185 The head ; a chief, a leader; 
 ^9 756 the heads of a subject ; fore- 
 most ; the beginning, the origin ; to manifest ; 
 to display ; sorts, kinds ; a classifier of stanzas. 
 i c6 cek siu si ; he composed a poem. phoi- 
 sf a ; pang-sfu ; iia°-8la ; the first on the list of 
 those who have taken the degree of Bachelor 
 of Arts at an examination. tCln sfu phi ; bow 
 the head in respect. sfu hue siang ku ; look 
 after both ends ; we must consider its whole 
 course. i khu kua" teng chut sia ; he went 
 
 and turned state's evidence. sfu kui"; the 
 
 leading district. hun-piet siu c6ng ; dis- 
 
 criminate between leaders and followers. ui 
 sfu ; act as leader. tl-tiang co hue siu ? Who 
 is the leader of the band ? 
 
 ^-— 1^ siu 50 A broom; a besom of twigs. 
 i|T 49 5 san-siu pe"; a broom-handle, 
 sau-siu thau ; the brush of a broom. khieh 
 
 ki sau-siu khu akn ; take a broom and go and 
 sweep. toa thih sau-siu ; a large iron broom, 
 a bad omen for a woman. 
 
 •_l^ siu 40 To keep, to hold in order to 
 ~>4 755 3 guard, to have in custody ; 
 to keep vigils ; to supervise ; to maintain ; to 
 go on a round of inspection ; a charge, 
 sin kau kin -kin ; keep very close watch over, 
 i to ke teng siu ha ; he is at home in mourning 
 for a parent. i ai° na ko siu-cak ; she wishes 
 to stay in her husband's family, and remain his 
 widow. i t(5 cp sin-pi ; he is acting as major, 
 nftng tieh siu png-hun ; people should mind 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 495 
 
 tlieii' own business. ti-hii cheng-cp tliai-sin ; 
 a district magistrate is so called. pe"-sfa ; 
 
 to barricade. i kfti sia°-ti cp-ni ti-kau sit 
 
 efu ? How did they happen to lose the city ? 
 Biu-kiia"; to remain a widow. ua°-hun, sia- 
 ki kai nang ; one who attends to his own 
 affairs. si'a-kwn ; take charge of. 
 
 ^^-f* siu 64 A expert hand. 
 'J 754 cui siu; a waterman, k(5 sin; 
 a drummer, chue siu ; a trumpeter. phau 
 SIU ; a cannoneer. keng-ci" siu ; an archer, 
 
 khuai cii sfu ; suah siu; an executioner, chin 
 b{u ; examiner of weights in custom houses. 
 
 siu 94 An imperial tour of inspection. 
 IJ 75G 6 ta" ra pat thia°-ki" huang-ti 
 chut lai sun-siu ; we do not now hear of the 
 emperor's going out on tours of inspection, 
 tang thi°-si phah-lah kie cp sfu ; the winter 
 hunt is called an imperial tour. 
 
 iTW ^^^ ^ Grain in seed, which then 
 .^^ 811 2 bends in an easy graceful 
 way ; to flourish, to grow beautiful ; adorned, 
 fair, comely; accomplished, cultivated, elegant ; 
 first, best. 
 
 slu-cai ; siu-chai ; cultivated talent, a graduate 
 of the lowest grade, a Bachelor of Arts. 
 jip siu-cai ; take the degree of B.A. siu-jun ; 
 elegant. i kai ji si bp hie" siu tia"-tia", si'a 
 
 khu hph hd ; his letters merely lack flowing 
 curves, they are very well written. th6i''-ki'' 
 li siu-siu ne, khi-sit si khia-pph ; appears 
 very graceful but has really no stamina. b&i 
 cheng, ngan siu ; clear cut brows and beautiful 
 eyes. i kai m&k thoi" tieh chin-chie° siu, 
 
 khi-sit si it, kah phu ; his eyes appear fine 
 at first glance, but in reality they are restless 
 and unsteady. thoi" i kai bai mak to hph 
 
 cheng-siu, cp-nt hie" u-cu ? His eyes and eye- 
 brows indicate intelligence, how is it that he 
 is so stupid ? siu su; an accomplished scholar. 
 i si kai huang mng siu su ; he is one who has 
 earned, not bought, his degree. eiu-li ; fine 
 looking, siu khi ; delicate lineaments ; refined 
 manners. se° lai siu-liu siu-liu ; has naturally 
 a very graceful bearing. 
 
 siu 145 The sleeve ; to put a thing 
 812 5 into the sleeve ; to draw up 
 the hands into the sleeves. 
 Biu chin ; to sleeve the hands, ci hu siu khau 
 chiah lai cu ngi'a ; this pair of cuffs is beauti- 
 fully knitted. kai kai siu chiu, ph4ng kwn, 
 m kheng kiu hu ; every one sleeved his hands 
 and stood looking on, and would give him no 
 help. 
 
 m 
 
 siu 120 To embroider; to adorn with 
 811 12 needlework of various colors; 
 embroidery ; ornamented ; embellished, 
 sin leng ph&u ; a robe with the figure of a 
 dragon embroidered thereon. siu c6 ng6 
 
 chai kai ; embroider it with all the colors of 
 the rainbow. thie-siu ; to embroider, siu- 
 kiu hue ; the Hydrangea. tS" siu kiu ; toss 
 the embroidered ball ; choose a husband. siu 
 chng-kun ; an embroidered valance for a table. 
 
 siu 94 A wild animal ; a beast ; a 
 t=$/\ 756 15 hairy brute, 
 nang min, siu sim ; a human face with a beast's 
 heart. khim sin ; pue khim, can siu ; birds 
 and beasts. me" siu ; savage beasts, fa siu ; 
 wild beasts. kuai-i kai siu ; queer wild crea- 
 tures. 
 
 ^tx^ Biu 40 A constellation. 
 1p 823 8 che" siu ; the stars. ji cSp- 
 poih siu ; the twenty-eight zodiacal constella- 
 tions. 
 
 m 
 
 siu 85 To swim ; to float. 
 
 811 5 6i siu cui; can swim, ka ki'a* 
 siu, mai" ka kia" peh cie" chiu ; teach children 
 to swim, but do not teach them to climb trees. 
 ah to siu ; the ducks are swimming. sie tau 
 sin; a swimming match. 
 
 to communicate 
 
 J*^ siu 64 To give ; 
 0>Xr^ 757 8 to confer, 
 lam nng siu-siu, put chin ; men and women 
 should not touch each other when giving and 
 taking things. thwn-sia khut i ; imparted it 
 to him. tit tieh i pi-siu kai hng ; got posses- 
 sion of the receipts that had been secretly 
 handed down to him. 
 
 p5l^ Bin 29 To receive ; to acquiesce in ; 
 .JSi^ 756 6 to contain ; to inherit ; to 
 succeed to ; to endure, to bear, and thus be- 
 comes a form of the passive ; susceptible of, 
 affected by ; a charge, a thing to be kept ; one 
 of the seven senses of the Buddhists, answering 
 to sensation or mental conception, 
 siu ciie ; acknowledge a fault. Bin hSng ; be 
 punished. ci kfi,i h^ng-huap l&ng siu ; this 
 
 punishment is hard to bear. ci'a su si siu i 
 
 hu-thph k&i ; this business is something that 
 was entrusted to me by him. siu thp ; to con- 
 ceive ; conception . sin khi ; to be blamed or 
 scolded. i si siu khi c5i ; he is very much 
 
 found fault with. i ra ka" siu ; he dare not 
 accept the honor, cfa sin-hun kai p6-ieh siu m 
 khu ; this tonic disagrees with me. ci khi pe° 
 a si sla p6 cu h6 ui, m siu p(S cu m-h(5 ui ; in 
 
496 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 this disease, if the system will bear strengthen- 
 ing remedies, a cure may be affected, but if not, 
 then it is incurable, lia th6i" li siu tit p6 ; I 
 think that tlie remedies may be borne, boi-slu 
 i kai chang ; bought his field. tng-s!u i kai 
 chu ; took over his house on mortgage, khak- 
 kh6 slu ; patiently endure, cfa khiii lang slu ; 
 this blame is not to be borne. bIu i kai khui 
 m khu ; cannot endure his fault-finding, ham 
 i raai" thp khiii khut nang slu ; tell her not to 
 bring blame upon other people. khu ta" lieli 
 in siu cheng ; went and talked it over without 
 effect, i ra slu kk ; he is not teachable. ua 
 ^ kio 1 s6ng slu kai ; I took it off his hands, 
 i to slu ki slu hilng ; he is suffering from 
 hunger and cold. 16 a si mai", ua kio lu slu ; 
 if you do not want it, I will take it off your 
 hands, ua si hi i slu m khii ; I am afraid she 
 cannot bear it. lA a si slu tit khu cu khut lu 
 slu ; if you can undertake it, I will leave it to 
 you. ua kio lu chwn sin; I will take the 
 
 responsibility off your shoulders. ci k&i kua" 
 ii slu lu a b6 ? Does this magistrate accept 
 bribes ? ci kai nftng-cheng, lia ih slu i kfii ; I 
 do not accept favors from him. cfa ioh sla khi 
 cfti-se" ? How does this medicine affect you ? 
 ki" li kio i c8 slu ; if you want it take it over 
 from him. i si slu nftng cok-thph ; he has 
 
 taken a commission from some one. c\e"-8e' 
 cng kai m slu lak ; thus he does not feel the 
 force of it at all. b6i slu n&ng khi-hQ ; is not 
 to be imposed upon, i slu kue i k&i un-httij 
 she has experienced his kindness. 
 
 ^ slu 88 Age ; years ; longevity; a long 
 
 *P^ 757 11 reign ; a birthday ; the dead ; 
 to grant long life to ; aged ; forever, 
 phi siu ; hp slu ; to present congratulations 
 on a birthday. ci kai ciah \o chlang sin ; 
 
 this one will bo longer lived. kim-jit si bwn 
 slu se"; this is the emperor's birthday, ciang- 
 \ki siu tfig, hok toa ; will enjoy long life and 
 great prosperity. cek ku siu p6i°; a coffin in 
 parts, ready to be joined for use. cie" siu ; 
 
 over fifty years of age. i ciah tit cie° siu a m 
 cle"? Did he live to be above fifty years old or 
 not ? Biu ji pi°; a border decorated with the 
 letter which denotes longevity. siu tho ; 
 
 birthday cakes, shaped like peaches, i siu ; to 
 remove a coffin, khiu siu j pray for long life. 
 
 — -sng-— 
 
 sng 173 Frozen dew, hoar frost, rime, 
 787 9 congealed vapor; efflores- 
 cence ; powdery exudations. 
 Ioh sng 16h soh ; there is frost and snow there, 
 pia" sng J ice and frost, ch^u-cie°-sng ; un- 
 
 yeaned lamb.skin. kbut sng-ciii tang tieh cu 
 sf ; if nipped by the frost it will die. sng 
 
 tang kuo kai sng-sui hieh ; mulberry leaves 
 that have been bitten by the frost. sSi sng ; 
 the white powder on the surface of dried per- 
 simmons, heng sng; pulverized bitter almonds 
 used in medicine. 
 
 sng 159 An axis of motion. 
 96 ^ chia sng j the axle-tree of a 
 
 m 
 
 wagon. 
 
 sng 104 Sour; acid; tart; the sharp 
 833 7 taste of vinegar or nnripo 
 fruit ; prickling ; harsh ; irritating ; grieved, 
 hi sng; tastes sour. uu sng cui ; sour eructa- 
 tions, hai i sic" tieh sira sng ; recalled his 
 sorrows to his mind. cfa tieh H sng cli6 ISi 
 un cla" hd ; this should be dipped in sharp 
 vinegar then it would be good. i hku" clan 
 sng ; she is fond of sour things, i id sle" dah 
 sng-siap ; she craves acids. cf chpli put-kfa' 
 sng tiam cfti ; these guavas have an acidulated 
 sweetness, kiara-sng 8a"-kho ; soiled clothing. 
 k!am-sng; condiments. chai-kia"-sng ; pickles, 
 sng hue; sour plums. chau-sng ; frouzy. Q 
 slm-mih kiam-sng a bd ? Are there any relishes 
 to eat with the rice ? 
 
 sng 80 To mourn ; to lament one's 
 725 9 parents ; a funeral ; apparel 
 or time for mourning. 
 
 i Q sng su ; he has funeral affairs to attend to. 
 c6ng nflng khu sang sng; all went to attend 
 the funeral. i hin-khek ku-sng td ke ; he is 
 now at home during the three years of mourn- 
 ing for a parent, khau sng p5ng; a staff borne 
 by the eldest son at a funeral, tio sng ; bewail 
 the dead. sng h6k ; mourning garments, 
 
 i si ku b<5 sng a si ku pe sng ? Is he in mourn- 
 ing for his mother or for his father ? 
 
 sng 88 sng-sfu ; a widow, i sng-sia 
 787 17 ku-a cap nl ; she has been a 
 widow several tens of years. 
 
 sng 75 sng-sui ; seng-sAi ; the mul- 
 724 6 berry. sng peh ; the bark 
 from mulberry roots. sng kia^-se"; seng-sui 
 kia''-se''; a parasite of the mulberry tree, chdi" 
 ciah sng-sui hieh ; silk worms live on mulberry 
 leaves. sng-sui ci ; mulberries, cang seng- 
 sui chft lai CO liang-i"; take mulbeny wood for 
 making summer chairs. 
 
 sng 9 To rabbet. 
 
 40 7 ci kai thang toi tieh leng-ua° 
 phah sng, tau khu cxa" kfn; this bucket bottom 
 must be newly rabbeted, then when it is put 
 together it will be tight. 
 
 m 
 
DICTIONARY OP TBE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 497 
 
 sng 
 833 
 
 104 Aching; painful; distressing; 
 ^^L 833 7 debilitated. 
 c6k sin sng-thia"; aches all over. kha sng, 
 
 chfu nng ; tired and lairre in all his limbs, ie- 
 Ciah-kut sng-ntig ; has a lame back. 
 
 sng 64 To damage ; to spoil ; to 
 ^,FS 829 10 diminish. 
 6i sie'-sng tieh a boi ? Was it injured ? cng 
 kai bo sie°-sng; not injured in the least. 5i 
 sng tieh png-ci" a boi ? Did he make an inroad 
 upon his capital ? mai" hng-sng tio mueh- 
 
 kia°; do not waste things. 
 
 sng 126 To play ; to frolic ; to make 
 
 731 ~3~ sport. 
 W-sng ; to tease. no nang t<5 sng ; the two 
 
 are playing together. mai" sng ; do not make 
 light of it. ci kla" su in hp sng ; this is not 
 a matter that you can afford to trifle about. 
 i liau" sng; he is fond of play. han" ta" sng; 
 fond of banter. ta° sng kai, m si ta° cin kai ; 
 he says it in jest, it is not said in earnest, 
 sng rri hau" hiah ; unwilling to cease from sport, 
 m si sng k§,i ; it is not done merely for fun. 
 sng kau m cai ciah png; frolicking so that they 
 forgot to eat. sng lio kai bue ; the conse- 
 
 quences of the frolic. u sng, u chie ; having 
 a game of romps. 
 
 U..fc^ sng 140 Garlic. 
 
 /|*/jC 883 10 sng-thaa, sng-hieh, sng-kut; 
 the bulb, the tops, and the stalk of garlic, 
 peh no kai sng-phien loh khu ; pick off and put 
 in two scales from a bulb of garlic. tng sng 
 iam ke ua° ; tall garlic will garnish the more 
 dishes. ceng co sng-ni ; pound it np into 
 
 pulverized garlic. sap co sng-hue; chop it 
 
 ■up into garlic salad. 
 
 sng 118 To reckon ; to calculate ; to 
 833 8 cypher ; to estimate ; to re- 
 gard ; a plan ; a scheme ; a myriad. 
 Bng-pua°; an abacus or counting board. sng- 
 sio ; to reckon. sng mia"; to tell fortunes, 
 
 sng poih ji ; calculate a horoscope, sng huap ; 
 the rules of arithmetic. sng cheh ; to lay 
 
 plans ; to scheme. oh sng-sio kai cu ; an 
 
 arithmetic. sng-pua°-cf ; the balls on a count- 
 ing board. ta-sng ; to reckon on an abacus, 
 phah-sng ; think a matter over with a view to 
 a decision. phah-sng lia°-tia°; considered and 
 teached a fixed conclusion. sng ta"; to make 
 a mistake in reckoning, sng ra cIn ; innumer- 
 able ; incalculable. i koi-sng lai m thong- 
 thiet ; he has not made a complete estimate of 
 the whole. sng lai, sng khu, sng tieh bo hua 
 
 sng; reckoned it over and over, and could reach 
 no satisfactory conclusion. sng si i kili chd 
 chu ; it is doubtless his mistake. khut c6i° 
 
 ce sng cu cai ; reckon it on the fingers and you 
 will see. sng-bua ; add up. sng lio tu tlo ; 
 reckon it up and then subtract from the sum. 
 i sng chut kut ; he has got to the bottom fact, 
 sng kau eiu ; reckon with the utmost nicety, 
 i kai siig-pua" sng kau cin ke"; he has calculated 
 it out with the utmost exactness. leng-ua" 
 
 hok-sng; reckon it over again. choi" sng, 
 
 bwn sng, thi" ci cek srig ; one may scheme 
 and counter scheme but heaven has only one 
 scheme. 
 
 so 164 Crisp ; flaky ; short. 
 816 5 so pia"; crisp cake. pek 
 
 kau so-so ; toast it till it is very crisp, mua"- 
 so-pia"; a short-cake sprinkled with hemp-seed, 
 si eng iu khi-so a eiig la khi-so ? Are they 
 shortened with oil or with lard ? so-thng ; 
 
 molasses candy. 
 
 so 140 A species of thyme, whose 
 fixy* 816 16 fragrant smell refreshes the 
 weary spirit; to cheer up ; happy, 
 so-ci ; a species of LophantJms, cultivated for 
 its oil. ci-so ; sweet basil. so-hah-hie"; rose- 
 mallows, so-buk ; sapan wood. so-ciu ; Soo- 
 chow. so si", so bo, so jio ; fans, hats, and 
 crape from Soochow. ia-so ; Jesus, ia-so kk; 
 Christianity. 
 
 so 162 Flavor, gust, sapidity, savor; 
 ^^— 867 ~9 good effect. 
 bl-s6 ; taste, raciness, seasoning; effectual, bo- 
 bi bo so ; insipid. bi-s6 hp ; delicious, pala- 
 table, ci kp khah khin, teh bo bi-s6, tieh chue 
 io tang l§.i teh cia" li bi-s6; this is too light and 
 it is of no use to lay it on as a weight, some- 
 thing heavier must be sought and then it will 
 be effectual. 
 
 s5 120 Plain, simple, unornamentedj 
 j'S 816 4 in the oi'iginal color or state, 
 cheng khu so-so ; plainly dressed. ta-pkng 
 
 khu s6-s6 ju ngia ; one looks better when sim- 
 ply attired, so min ; of a solid color ; without 
 decoration. so jio ; plain crape. so leng- 
 tiu ; plain thin silk. ai° cJtra-hue kui, a si ai° 
 s6-min kai ? Do you want the flowered or the 
 plain ? 
 
 jAj s6 104 Thin, poor ; meager ; lean. 
 /,5<C 757 10 i ci,e"-si sang-s6 ; she is very 
 thin lately. i co-ni ciah kau hie" so ? What 
 makes him so lean ? so-so; much emaciated. 
 
498 
 
 DICTIONAET or THK SWATOW DIALKC'fi 
 
 f!oi 80 The din of an onslaught } to 
 '"Tyi 789 12 shout as in going into battle; 
 to make a hoarse noise } to neigh, 
 bt^ t<5 soi ; the horse is neighing. hiia" n&ng 
 t6 Roi mih sfl ? What are they all yelling for ? 
 che"-8oi jlp khii ; rush in with a shout. khut 
 iiang soi h'o cia" cau ; the people making a 
 great din, he ran off. 
 
 soi 76 The oleander. 
 
 789 11 b&k-soi; a diminutive variety 
 of the Olea frngranx, having reddish flowers, 
 a ki b&k-soi lai chah ce-knng; break off a 
 branch of oleander and pub it in the vase. 
 
 yep sdi 85 To wash ; to bathe ; to purify. 
 iTL 789 6' soi sa'-klio ; wash clothes. 
 86i-8a°-n&ng ; a washerman. s6i niln, soi 
 
 chill ; wash the face and hands. soi-Sk ; to 
 bathe. sdi-ek koi"; a bath house. Koi p6h- 
 pSh ; sdi cheng-khih ; wash clean. h6\ k^u 
 
 liu-liu-kiit ; scrub it till it shines. eg thia" 
 
 cu soi hl°; after hearing it one needs wash his 
 ears. soi t5 ; to clean house. sdi pua"-ua"; 
 wash the dishes. 
 
 ilrt sbi 120 Small; petty; little; carefully. 
 /PPl 790 6 cfa sng si s6i su ; this is small 
 business, lu tieh s6i sim ; yoa must be careful, 
 lu la m s6i chak cu rii cai ; if you do not 
 scrutinize it carefully you will not know. c6ih 
 Boi kd ce ; slice it in smaller pieces. 86i-mt^i°; 
 atomic. slm si m(ii°-sbi ; is exceedingly 
 
 minute, biii k&i soi a ci kai sbi ? Which is the 
 smaller this or that ? ci kai io soi ; this is the 
 smaller, cf kai soi kue hu kai ; this is smaller 
 than that, ci kai soi ; tliis is the smallest, i 
 CO su ceng-soi cSi ; he does things very 
 thoroughly. sira si iu"-s6i ; it is of very fine 
 texture. c6ih soi si ce ; cut it up in finer 
 
 shreds. 
 
 4 
 
 l> s6i 42 The youngest. 
 
 746 1 86i kai tau-kia"; the youngest 
 son. s6i kai can-kia"; the youngest daughter, 
 soi kai a-i ; the youngest of my aunts. u toa 
 fi soi ; there are differences in age. toa kai, 
 soi kai ; the eldest and the youngest. ci kai 
 hwn soi ; this one is still very small. tl soi 
 
 kiii kia° to sin-pi°; she has a young child. 
 
 — soi" — 
 JHpl. soi" 10 First; before ; formerly; past; 
 ^ W 799 4 to go ahead ; to regard as 
 first; to put first; a cause; to begin; firstly; 
 previous ; deceased ; late ; gone before ; early ; 
 soon ; the ancients. 
 
 soi" au ; before and after. soi' coi" kai su • 
 
 wliat happened before. soi'-si ; previously, 
 
 i thau soi" kia°; he went ahead. lia soi" kau ; 
 I arrived first. lia soi" khu, i jion-5a lai ; I 
 went first and he came afterward. soi" t<J 
 
 tang i; there waiting for him beforehand, 
 ham i soi" klu"; tell him to go first, soi" kun ; 
 the late sovereign, soi" hu ; ray late husband. 
 soi'hQ; ray deceased father. soi"-thi" 
 
 cok ; has a good constitution. lia cu ka" tng 
 soi"; I will venture to be foremost, soi" tiang- 
 sl; formerly. soi" ni ; in former years, soi" 
 kiii jit ; a few days previous. soi" cai ; to 
 
 know )}eforehand. soi" ki" cu m§ng ; tlio ken 
 of a prophet, biio-l&i-su, soi" cai; knew before- 
 hand what would happen. lia soi°-soi" cu lie 
 kau ; I took all that into account long before. 
 Iftiig Hoi" lu si lAi am si ? You came a while 
 ago did you not ? ua thftu-min soi" kia", lu 
 sfii.ftu cu h<5 l&i ; I will go on ahead, and 
 you follow on afterward. bI i slang soi" Ifti ; 
 it was he who came firf-t of all. 8oi"-ca tiang- 
 sl ; in the first place ; in early times ; formerly, 
 ce" soi"; strive to be first. 8oi".n&ng ; fore- 
 
 fathers, predecessors, soi' to ; former genera- 
 tions, t&ng soi" td jui loii \k\ k&i ; handed 
 down from former generations. 
 
 — soih — 
 
 soih 98 To steady a thing by pntting 
 896 8 wedges or props underneath 
 it; to fill an aperture by stuffing something in. 
 chng m un, tieh soih ; the table does not stand 
 firmly, it must be made stable by putting 
 something under its leg. cp-ni soih lio hwn- 
 lio ie-16; however much I wedge things under- 
 neath it, it still joggles, cia khah toa, soih m 
 loh ; this is too large and I cannot wedge it 
 under the part requiring support. hia khah 
 poh lu soih bp bi ; that is too thin and wedg- 
 ing it under will be ineffectual, i hau" soih a 
 ma phang; he likes to talk through a crevice 
 with old women, ci kai soih Iph khu cu kah ; 
 this just fits the place that needs to be filled 
 by a prop, ah fing soih iu chia ; take a duck's 
 Q^g to prop an oil mill. ci kai soih jip khu 
 
 ngam-sai ngam-sai ; this is just the right size 
 to fill the crevice. i hu kai khueh-hun si 
 
 soih tit loh a soih m loh ? Can he be used 
 to fill that vacancy ? i ce u kai hiin-phang 
 cu khu soih ; if there be the least opening for 
 him, he slips in. kha-thang lau, tieh khieh 
 mueh lai soih; the wash-tub leaks, it must have 
 the crack stopped with something, i kai hun- 
 ting si soih to kho-tliau ; his pipe is stuck in- 
 to the top of his trowsers. hii ko hp soih ke 
 cek nang Iph khu a m-hp ? Can another person 
 
DICTIONART OF THB 8W1T0W DIALKCT. 
 
 490 
 
 be wetlged in I here or not? cfa put kie si 
 
 Boili phun phang kfii ; this is nothing more 
 than filling up a narrow space between two 
 other graves. lia thoi" hu kai ti-hng li soih 
 m jip ; I do not think you can wedge in any 
 more there. 
 
 XJ^tTt soih 120 nng-Roih ; fine, small, and 
 /pPtj 790 5 delicate ; fragile and dainty, 
 nng-soih kA.i mueh-kia"; bric-a-brac; bijouterie; 
 articles that are small and exquisite. hie° coi 
 sie" lang kai mueh-kia" long-cong si nng-nng 
 soih-soih kai ; all these boxes are of very deli- 
 cate aiid costly things. cie" coi cho-ki toa- 
 hieh kai muehkia" tng b6 cek kia" nng-soih 
 k&i ci"; all these coarse and large ai-ticles are 
 of less value in money than a single object of 
 art. ci'a si nng-soih kai, m pi hia cho-toa 
 lS.-pha kai ; this is of exquisite workmanship, 
 and is not to be put in comparison with those 
 coarse and clumsy ones. 
 
 ^fS soih 145 To tuck in, as the skirt in 
 THR 194 15 the girdle. 
 8a"-ku khang-khi-lai soih to toa kp ; take up 
 the bottom of the petticoat and tuck it in the 
 •girdle. tieh soih kin, mai° ka-lauh ; must 
 
 tuck it in tight so that it won't come out. ai" 
 e kue khoi, kun tieh kio-khi-lai soih-pang toa 
 kp, cia° boi un tieh cui ; if you are going to 
 ■wade across the stream, you must lift your 
 petticoat and tuck it in your belt, then it will 
 not draggle in the water. 
 
 soih 112 Small stones, gravel, shingle. 
 
 538 15 hia soih ; broken tiles, thun 
 CO hia" kai cng-kau hia-soih ; fill it in with 
 broken bricks and tiles. 
 
 — sok — 
 
 ■"H-i" sok 75 To bind many things together, 
 >TV 779 3 to tie in a bundle, as fagots ; 
 to restrain, to coerce ; a sheaf, a bundle ; a 
 classifier of such things as are bound, 
 sok CO cek sok ; bind them up in one bundle, 
 kwn lai kai sok-siu si jieh coi ? In the written 
 agreement with the teacher, what is the sura 
 agreed upon as his wages ? ak-sok ; iak-sok ; 
 to repress, to keep down. tieh cai ak-sok i 
 
 mai" huang-su ; must keep him under restraint 
 so that he will not be impudent. iak-sok 
 
 kau ngiam c5i ; kept in strict subjection. rli- 
 hd sok.pak kau nang bo lo h<5 kia"; should not 
 bind people so that they have no freedom of 
 action. hai-ie° kai png chut lai u jieh coi 
 
 Eok ? How many bundles of fifty essays each 
 were there, belonging to the Hai le candidates? 
 i ci hue sit-c5i sok chin ; he is now really un- 
 able to act. 
 
 sok 120 To place under obligation 
 >|S 815 4 harmfully, 
 lek-sok ; extort. ca sok ; badger. sok mla°; 
 to involve one's life, sok i kai hun ; implicate 
 to such an extent as to involve all he pos-sesses, 
 
 sok 120 To shrink; to contract; to 
 780 11 shrivel up ; to draw in. 
 liin tin, thp-sok ; retreated when face to face 
 with the enemy, sok cp cek kp-kia"; shriveled 
 up to a little bit. sok-tp ku-a chixn ; shrunk 
 several inches. kun sok kau oi thia"; the 
 
 tendon is drawn up so that it aches, sok-bua ; 
 to draw in. sok-bua cia° boi kue 15 ; draw 
 
 back, so as not to be in the way. lia kai kha, 
 thi^-si chin cii oi sok soi ; when the weather is 
 cold my feet shrivel and become smaller. sok 
 cp cek pe ; all shrunk up in a bunch, sok kau 
 soi-soi ; shriveled up small. 
 
 sok 162 Hasty, speedy, quick, ur- 
 
 823 7 gent, 
 sok-sok cu khu li ; went quickly to attend to 
 it. hiie sok cii khu ; went off in the utmost 
 
 haste, ciet sok cu. lai ; came with the greatest 
 speed. kia° si kiie sok-hie"; goes out of fashion 
 sooner than a common incense stick burns out. 
 ai" sok put tak ; if you are too urgent it can- 
 not be effected ; the more haste the less speed. 
 
 sok 129 Respectful ; reverential, as 
 822 7 when one is desirous to do 
 
 his duty fully; severe and majestic. 
 
 sok-ce"; decorous, i kai ke-kui ngiam-sok cSi; 
 
 the domestic discipline is very strict. 
 
 ^j^ sok 40 Silent ; still ; solitary, 
 AJyV 985 8 Bok-raok; lonely, ka-ki 
 
 khia-khi sok-mok cai ; living all by yourself 
 you must be lonely. sok-sok mok-mok, bo 
 
 nang sie phiSa"; very loiiely with no com- 
 panionship, sok-ce"; sok-sok ce"; very solitary. 
 
 sok 44 To belong to ; pertaining to ; 
 
 780 18 ^ allied. 
 s6k to ti-tiang kp ? To whom does it belong ? 
 si i kai chin sok ; are his own kin. ciie bo 
 
 kip i kai ke-s6k; the crime does not involve his 
 subordinates, si to i kai sok e; it pertains to 
 his inferiors. spk to siang-hp ; depends upon 
 his associates, su sok h'ang lang; to act eitlier 
 way is equally difficult. s6k-wn ; a subaltern, 
 sok ti-tiang kwn ? Under whose constrol is it ? 
 cia si sok to M ko ; this pertains to you. 
 sok to i hang e ; subject to him, cia i sok im 
 a si sok iang ? JDoes this belong to the female 
 or to the male principle ia nature ? tie-ciu-hii 
 kau Bok; the Tie-Chiu Department has nine 
 
600 
 
 DlCTtONAEt OP THE BWITOW DIALECT. 
 
 districts. tfiu-tliHi bI kwn-li jih-Ni fi6k ; 
 
 the ]ntendant of Circuit governs twenty-four 
 dependencies. 
 
 /^ 86k 9 What the common people desire 
 IP 822 7 or delight in ; inelegant ; unedu- 
 cated ; common, vulgar; the low and groveling 
 business of life; the laity ; the world. 
 8i-s6k ; manners of the times. sdk 8 cfe 
 
 nSng cie''-Be" ; of the common people but few 
 do thus. R6k ue ; common talk, brogue, argot, 
 a conventional dialect different from the book 
 langnnge. s6k ue cie°-se° th"; that i.s the way 
 the unlearned talk. cie'-se" sta si 86k sfa; 
 
 that is the way it is commonly written by the 
 uneducated. llah i hwn 86k; return him for- 
 cibly (from the priesthood) to common life, 
 i kai 86k-ke se" bim-mueh ? What is his laic 
 surname ? iong-s6k kai nang ; the vulgar, 
 
 sip 86k ; acquire vulgar habits. ci kp kfei 
 
 hong-K6k io h<5 ; the usages here are better, 
 i kfii nang-Ie" 8e°-la,i put 66k ; his appearance 
 is not that of a common person. khah s6k ; 
 too commonplace, elm si sO-sok; is very base, 
 ku hie" 86k si cie°-8e ; such are the customs of 
 the village, ak hong-86k ; wic ked ways. ci 
 kai nang cd sfi cu thut 66k ; this man acts as if 
 he were free from the prejudices of the ignor- 
 ant. fi6k gu; an aphorism, a proverb. jSp hie" 
 s^i s6k ; when in Rome do as the Romans do. 
 
 ^^ sok 120 To succeed, to keep up, to 
 ^*^^ 823 15 joiu on ; continuous. 
 s6k Su co-ni ? What then follows ? Idk-sdk 
 lai li jieii coi ? One after the other, how many 
 have come ? lal khu m ciap-sok; did not come 
 and go continuously, i ce ciap-sok m tioh cu 
 kang-kho chtie; if the continuity is broken it is 
 difficult to find the clue again, ci kai b6 si &u 
 lai leng-ua° s6k-hl'' kai ; this is a second wife. 
 
 H^j s6k 154 To ransom ; set free. 
 J^t^ 781 ly sok cQe ; set free from the 
 consequences of sin. sok sin ; to manumit, 
 
 sok hue; to ran.som. sok tng Ifii ; to release 
 from pawn or mortgage. sok sin ca-b6 ; a 
 
 manumited female slave, cang kong sok cile ; 
 to make merit offset sin. cbiu-sok ; to redeem. 
 — song — 
 
 song 190 Slack, lax, easy ; disheveled; 
 
 830 8' loose. 
 1 kai th&n-rao" phong-phong song-Song ; her 
 hair is all flying at loose ends. song i cek 
 
 6 ce ; let him off easily this time. hSng-song 
 ce, mai° khah kin; slacken it a little, do not 
 di*aw it too tight. ci kfii huap khah song ; 
 
 this law is too lax. song-khiiai ; at ease, com- 
 fortable, soug-tong ; in easy circumstances. 
 
 86ng 123 To rise abruptly above the 
 
 832 11 general level, 
 i kai phi' khah kau-s6ng ; her no.«ie is too 
 prominent. pn,t ko li phue-kah ra kiie kie c6 
 ko hong t6k s6ng ; whatever ri.ses dispropor- 
 tionately above its surroundings is called an 
 isolated peak. song kkn kui'-kui" khi khii ; 
 stretches up to a great height. 
 
 ^^^ song 75 The pine. 
 
 1^ 830 4 kam-sdng-hie"; spikenard, 
 the perfume obtained from the NarJostarhijs 
 jatamansi. hia sdng ; a plant, like liverwort, 
 found growing on the roofs of old houses. 
 s6ng cak; fine joints of pine sprigs, used ia 
 medicine. 
 
 ■^i^ p6ng 149 To contend before rulers 
 PXl 832 4 about property ; to demand 
 justice ; litigation ; pleadings or wranglings 
 before the courts ; law cases ; the sixth of the 
 64 diagrams, denoting disagreement. 
 R6ng-su ; a lawyer ; a pettiiogger. 85ng-PU p6; 
 an old withered lawyer. liah s5ng kim; a 
 
 lawmonger, a shyster. jip sek sSng a bue ? 
 
 Have they announced a cessation of the pros- 
 ecution yet? tio-sSng ; aggressive in litiga- 
 tion, i kfti Qe sSngcfti ; he is very contentious. 
 Hang ke iu-Qi sii-sdng k&i su phiia tlo toa-bd- 
 miieh ct*; the two parties have spent a great 
 amount of money in litigation. 
 
 A|&^ song 181 To praise publicly ; to eulo- 
 ^Js\ 832 4 gize ; panegyric. 
 ko-85ng i kai kong-un ; ext<;l his goodness, 
 nfing-n&ng kp kong sSng tek ; every body 
 lauds his merits. 
 
 s6ng 149 To hum ; to read in a 
 832 7 murmuring tone ; to croon 
 
 over ; a droning way of reading. 
 
 song si ; to croon a hymn. song keng ; recite 
 
 the liturgy, kp-s5ng; to chant. 
 
 — BO — 
 
 sp 142 The motion of snakes. 
 1142 ~9~ sp jip khang toi ; wriggled 
 into his hole. sp m kue ; cannot wriggle 
 through, i CO i sp khi ; he wriggled off. 
 
 sp 103 Open ; wide apart ; coarse ; 
 776 7 distant in space, time or 
 relationship ; sundered ; sleazy ; pervious ; lax. 
 hi-sp ; sleazy, thin, having wide interstices, 
 nang-mueh hi-sp ; the population is sparse, 
 twn boi sp-ng6 ; assure that there will be no 
 remissness. kio i io sp ; not so nearly related 
 to her. bd cLiu sp kSu pph ; have no relation- 
 
 % 
 
DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 601 
 
 Bliip'^, eillier near or distant. u chin u so ; 
 
 relationships more or less close. i si so-cliai 
 
 clanCT-iigi kai nang; he is an open-liandcMl, 
 equitable person. so- thong h() lo ; clear out 
 the water courses. naiig-cliOng sp-poh ; his 
 
 humanity is rarely exhibited. 
 
 "y^^ f-o C4 To twist, as thread, by rolling 
 4/Od. 1003 10 it under the hand on a board ; 
 to twist between the fingers; lo rub between 
 the iiands ; to manipulate into a shape. 
 so (6 cck lio; twist them into one string. so 
 CO ciia-lio ; so cua-in ; so ciia-bue ; make lamp- 
 lighters. PO (0 cek liitp i"-i"; roll it into a ball, 
 i niia"-ke so ciam, te" iu"; she is expert in 
 shaping bound feet. khua"-khua" ne sp-ra6ng 
 i, sp-mong kau i hna°-hi; quietly pet him, till 
 he is in good temper about ic. &p i bua ; roll it 
 np into a wad. 
 
 tlrdi ^^ ^ To set at variance ; to sow 
 H^C 815 y di.scord. 
 
 si i to thie-so; it is he who provokes the strife. 
 ka-sp kaa i no nfiiig wn-ke; stirred up ill feel- 
 ing till the two were on bad terms with each 
 other. i to si khii ka-ka so-sp ; is always 
 
 going and inciting enmity between them, ka- 
 sp kue lai ka-pp khe kliu; going to and fro 
 witii tales that tend to enrage. Ip-^p cai ; very 
 vexatious, as incessant talk. 
 
 "R/C f^P 1^ -^ shuttle; to fly like a .shuttle. 
 'I^C 814 7 cit p6 kai sp-kia"; a weaver's 
 shuttle. jit gueh ju so ; time flies like a 
 
 shuttle. chin-c'hie" sp-ki'a" kak kue hli kak 
 
 kue khu; like a shuttle thrown to and fro. 
 
 m 
 
 A place; a spot; a relative 
 pronoun, that wdiich, the 
 
 so 63 
 
 817 4 
 things which, what, who, (it follows the sub- 
 ject and precedes the verb it rules); a cause by 
 which. 
 
 so u kai khieh lai ; bring what you have. i 
 so ta" kai tie iTi sit ; what he said M-as not true, 
 cia si nang so ai° kai ; this is what people 
 ■want. so sie" kai cu tui ; what I thought 
 
 proves to be the case, ci'a si sim s<5 ngvvn ksli ; 
 this is what my heart desires, i bo so put leng; 
 thei'e is nothing that he is unable to do. lu 
 
 so cai kai ho oli lia thia"; narrate to me what 
 you know about it. c:a si i so tng-eng-kai cp 
 kai ; this is what it beliooves him to do. lu u 
 FO iTi cai ; you are ignorant of some things, 
 tieh ca ui cU sp; a site inust he fixed on before- 
 hand, ci-ko sim-mili (-p-cai ? What place is 
 this? i sp ( iah si sim-mih miieh, so cheng 
 ka,i i-hok cSi-se" iy"? What does he eat, and 
 what sort of clothes does he wear? s6-i": 
 
 therefore ; for this reason ; a«> a consequence of 
 this; on that account. s<5 i" lia i7i kiiu; from 
 that it followed that T did not go. sd-f-jien ; 
 the reason why. sp-i"-jion kai tp-lf i<i cp-ni? 
 What is the dooti-ine which is thus derived ? 
 pi i sp pek a m si ?\Vas uiged to it by him was 
 lie not ? boi pi i sd klio; was not harrassed by 
 him. si in-ui pi nang .sd jok; is was on account 
 of his having been insulted. chi niflg i sp 
 
 (0 ho su; inquire what it is that he is doing, 
 spthakhpcu? What books is he studying ? 
 kak tit kill so ; each i.s in its place. bp chij 
 
 bo so; have no home, i t(5 kvvn ki-sd ; he has 
 charge of the jail in the yamun. tieh tiii 
 
 phwii-che-sd kp kue; must go by the place 
 where salt is inspected. u sp tit a bp ? Did 
 
 he get anything by it ? bp sd tit cu mai"; if 
 am to get nothing thereby, I will not do it. 
 
 so 167 A lock, a clasp ; to lock, to 
 815 lo fetter, 
 'd-tliau ; a lock, sd-si ; a key. sd-thau khak ; 
 the casing of a lock, sd-thau soi ; sd-thau tu ; 
 the bolt, of a Chinese lock. inai" keh tio sd- 
 
 thau-soi ; do not press the key so hard as to 
 disorder the bolt. khui sd-thau ; to unlock. 
 
 iTi ceng so ; it is not locked. so mnj; lock 
 
 the door. huang sp kau kien-kien ku-kij ; 
 
 sealed and locked up very tightly, ieh-kui sp; 
 a spring lock. ngun kai sp-thau-kia"; a tiny 
 silver lock. 
 
 so 38 An elder brother's wife ; a 
 ^J5C 726 10 young married woman, 
 a-sd ; a term used in addressing a young mar- 
 ried woman. ke sd ; n;y sister-in-law. loa 
 sd, jl sd, sa" ?6 ; the wives of the three elder 
 brothers. liia" i^d ; the eldest brother and hi.s 
 wife. mong a-sd ; the wife of a certain young 
 man. pie sd ; a cousin's wife. sie-nrig sd ; a 
 woman and her husband's young brother. sd 
 cek put thong mug ; his wife and his younger 
 brother do not speak with each other. 
 
 Ant ^^ ^ To spend ; to pay out. 
 \^^ 7G1 6 sd-hiii; su-hui ; expenditure; 
 outlay ; necessary expen.ses. kai gueh cng sd- 
 hui jieh coi ngun ? What is the outlay per 
 month ? en bii kai su-hui liah khiam-kliiam ; 
 in all departments of the business the expenses 
 are kept as small as possible. 
 
 .^Sy sd-siak Pretty ; minute ; annoy- 
 "815 ^ing. 
 i mill f-u to si sp-sd siak-siak ; he is very 
 fidgety about everything. mai" koi-ka hie" 
 
 sd-siak ; do not explain the very trifling 
 details. 
 
602 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 To vie with ; to try who can 
 rufike the best show ; to 
 
 80 154 
 7li3 10 
 rival ; contefsting. 
 go thoi" ti-tiaiig 6i ; strive, and Bee who is 
 ablest, no na,ng \6 sie bO; tlie two are rivaling 
 each other in a contest of skill. n6 pang 1(5 
 
 sie p6 n^i'ii; the two companies are seeing which 
 will outdo the other in making a fine display. 
 
 a superior ; a 
 
 'tatC (=6 103 To state to 
 
 i^lL 77 r> 1 statement. 
 
 i kui cau-h6 cb lai hd cJli ; his memorial is well 
 
 written. si'a cek tie" sp-biln klu sie ; write 
 
 out a statement and burn it (before the gods). 
 
 cie" so kliu kting hdang-t J ; lay a protest before 
 
 the emperor. 
 
 64 To batter down. 
 12 s6 mng; to batter in a door, 
 robbers who force entrance into 
 
 s5 
 114 
 so inn;^ ch&k 
 dwellings. 
 
 ^^^ poh 
 >T% 815 
 
 cek tio soil ; 
 
 — sph — 
 A cord ; 
 
 120 A cord ; a rope ; twine or 
 ~4~ coal'se thread ; to twist, 
 a rope, cia koIi hph toa t$o ; this 
 ro|)e is a large one. ci" kng sph ; the string 
 on which cash is strung. p6ah tliang soh ; 
 
 the ropo attached to a drawing bucket. t6ng 
 spli ; an anchor line, thih sph ; an iron chain, 
 ci'a sph khah soi tio, 6i tng; this chain is too 
 sninll, and will break. cun-thau sph ; a boat 
 rope. tliang-thfiu sph ; a rope fastened to 
 
 a water bucket. phoi-ta° t-ph ; a porter's rope. 
 pi° biie sph ; the coarse silk in the end of the 
 queue. ang cang sph ; a woman's hair-string. 
 Foh-kia°; a small rope, toa tph ; a cable, lio- 
 kia" pph ; rigging. p&k f-ph ; to tie a rope, 
 
 chau sph ; a straw cable. niua°-phue sph ; 
 
 ropes made of bark. tin ppli ; flaxen ropes. 
 
 cliin-nSu sph ; the cord on steelyards. ki- 
 
 kua" sph ; halyards. phang chieh, Foh lo ; 
 
 a sail-yard and rope-walk. ka sph ; to make 
 ropes. sph r7i bua ; cannot twist it together. 
 Foh kin ce; twist it tighter. no tio tph tph 
 cp cek tio; twist two ropes together so as to 
 make one rope. t6 ISi sio-sio sph-sph ; has a 
 gnawing in his stomach. th6i° tieh i kai 
 
 min sio-sio sph-?ph ; saw that his face was dis- 
 torted, i no tng boi ciah, min thoi" tieh cm 
 sio-soh ; if he is unable to eat for two meals 
 liis face has a woe-begone look. khio kue 
 
 chit sph ; poor as poverty. sph tiii ang-ang; 
 diaw the rope tight. sph pang leng-leng ; 
 
 slacken the rope. khang tu pang leng sph ; 
 
 when you lead a pig give him plenty of rope, 
 phua be sph ; a rope stretched to trip up a 
 lurse. ui c6k khwn sph ; a rope enclosure. 
 
 k6i tio Fph ; unloose from a rope. chng pph; 
 string oti a cord. cang f-oh lai tio; suspend 
 
 by a rope. ai kiu tio Sra kai nang, i7i.h<5 
 
 cang tp kuah tng i kai sph ; if you are going 
 to rescue one who has hanged himself, do not 
 cut the rope. 
 
 ^|i* soil 178 Snow; snowy; to whiten; 
 - Jj " 820 ~4 to wipe out j to avenge, 
 loll sng sph ; it snows. sng iph, sph iph, chin 
 < &i ; frost and snow forms there, and it is very 
 cold. soh-sph pell ; snowy white. sio sph ; 
 the middle of the tenth month, when the 
 cold is moderate. tAi sph ; the middle of the 
 elerenth month, when the cold is severe. 16h 
 phue-mi' sph; downy flakes of snow are falling, 
 pph-che"; a purple color. sph sua"; snovr 
 
 capped mountnins. sph hQn ; to wipe oat a 
 
 grudge by taking revenge. 
 
 M 
 
 sph 61 To mistakenly think ; to 
 10G4 7 wrongly suppose, 
 lia hph c6 si iam, fo si p6h Ihng; I thouj^ht it 
 was salt but it ia white sugar, lia soh cp si i ; 
 I erroneously thought it was he. 
 
 8U 
 
 818 
 
 — su — 
 
 181 Ought, must, should be ; 
 8 necessary, requisite; service- 
 
 able. 
 
 su ung 5i k&i nftng ; mast employ an ablo 
 person, pit-su; absolutely necessary, tl-hng su 
 ai" khwn-khuah ; the ground must be spacious, 
 su tieh thfti si-hau ; must wait till the time 
 comes. cong su li pp-eng ; at last there must 
 be a recompense. cfa sng si mok su u kai su ; 
 this need not necessarily happen. su ai" soi 
 sim ; you need be very careful. i pit-su-tleh 
 l&i ; he is sure to come. 
 
 su 159 To lose ; to be beaten ; 
 775 9 inferior, 
 si puah 8u, a si puah ia" ? Did he lose or win 
 in gambling ? su ci", ia" ci" klii ; losing arises 
 from winning. i phah su i ; he was overcome 
 by him in the fight. su i cek p6 ; I lost ono 
 game (of chess) to him. ci" nin li su i, nang i 
 li su ni'n ; as to money, you have less than 
 they, but as for men, they have less than you. 
 su-hok ; to submit to; to give in; to yield the 
 point. tieh sai kau i su-sn hok-hok ; must 
 
 bring him into complete subjection. 
 
 ^^^ su 173 What is required ; needful ; 
 ffl) 818 6 necessary, 
 toi kun-su ; contribute provisions for the troops, 
 ci thang kun-su ai" ti tiang chut ? Who is to 
 furnish the supplies for the troops during this 
 
DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 603 
 
 campaign ? cang kun-su ; supply rations and 
 pay for the army. lau-pj\ng-ko co put si eu su ; 
 keep it for use in au eiuergeucy. 
 
 JAJLL sa 130 A clerk or writer in a 
 
 ^^ 818 5 yaraun. 
 kua° sui-si ra ai" ci°, su che hiie ia ai" ci"; 
 although the magistrate does not waut money, 
 the clerks and coustables do. 
 
 rr|'t - su 73 Characters as the delineation 
 f=^ 774 "e" of ideas. 
 
 Bi SU ; the Four Book.s. poih hun su ; the 
 
 square characters, piia" hang su ; the running 
 hand. 
 
 ^^ su 135 su-hu ; su-tluang ; in good 
 H J 774 6 spirits; well and comfortable. 
 i rn su-hu; he is not very cheerful. i cek sin 
 i^-keng su-su hu-hu li'o ; he has already re- 
 covered, and is in fine health. 
 
 sii 72 Summer's heat ; hot weather. 
 
 776 9 hang lai sii liang ; cold and 
 lieat alternate. sie° su ; hiap su ; tong su ; 
 
 Bun-stroke. su thi"; hot weather. thi^-si sii- 
 jiet ; the weather ia very hot. hang-su-cam ; 
 a thermometer, nang se" put kiie su-c4p h^ng- 
 BU ; human life endures but for a fevv tens of 
 changing seasons. ci kai ll-hng lai pi su ho 
 
 cS,i ; this is a good place to go to escape the 
 heat. i cau kliu pi su ; he went off to shirk 
 
 the hard work. su huang ; a summer cold. 
 
 BU ceng ; diseases of summer. ci ie° ieh 6i 
 
 cheng su-khi ; this medicine will purge off the 
 humors produced by heat. i cia si ira sii ; 
 
 this comes from heat and dampness. koi sii ; 
 allay heat. phek sii ; alleviate the heat ; 
 
 diminish the glare. 
 
 2^1^ su 120 A clue, a hint, a guide. 
 7l*V4 819 9 sim sii m ua"; his attention 
 is not fixed. bo hi'a sim-sii khu \i ; has no 
 
 inclination to go and attend to it. bo chdng 
 bo sii ; 1)6 sim bo sii ; nonplussed ; disappointed; 
 no means of effecting the object. 
 
 su 122 A public court ; a tribunal. 
 778 9 kui° su, hii sii ; the district 
 and the departmental tribunals. lai sii; in 
 
 court. 
 
 ^f 
 
 sii 75 A beetle or beater. 
 
 93 4 hang mo° sii ; a club used by 
 priests in exorcising devils. i chi'u teng khia 
 ki hang-mo°-su; he carried in his hand a club 
 used in driving out demons. 
 
 Rii 82 A shed or lodge in a field. 
 
 777 Ti piet-sii ; a detached cottage, 
 i khi cek koi" piet-sii ka-ki khia-khf ; he built 
 a detached lodge, and lived there by himself. 
 
 BU 66 A few ; but a few ; several. 
 777 11 bo sii ni cu koi-pien ; it will 
 alter in a few years. lia lai kau sii jit ; I 
 
 arrived but a few days since, su kai gueh c6i", 
 lia cetig lai kuo cek chu ; I came once before, 
 a few uio!iths ago. kai gueh kau su cap ngun; 
 a few tens of dollars per month. chun kaa 
 
 sii kai ; have but a few left. 
 
 Plain ; simple ; formerly ; 
 usually ; as at first ; hereto- 
 
 su 120 
 >-|S 816 4 
 
 fore. 
 
 pheiig-su; commonly, usually. i sii-lai sX 
 
 cie°-se"; that is the way it has been heretofore, 
 ci kai nang su in siang-sek ; have not before 
 been acquainted with this person. i kai su 
 se° si cie"-8e"; his natural disposition is such, 
 su lai m ua° liiin ; has not generally attended 
 to his own business, cheng sii hok; wear your 
 ordinary apparel; is plainly dressed. su pii- 
 kui kia" pu-kiii ; when you are rich act accord- 
 ing to your station. pna° hun piia" su kai 
 chai ; half common and half lenten fare. 
 
 M 
 
 su 149 To reply in one's defense; 
 ,., , 817 5 to state. 
 su-tia°; a plea in reply, a counter statement, 
 i u ko, nan li u sii ; they have a complaint, 
 we have a defense to make. pi ko kai n^ng 
 lai jip sii cng ; the defendant entered a counter 
 plea. su wn ; to state one's wrongs. sii 
 
 kho-oheng ; state a grievance. su chut i k&i 
 cheng-cak ; state the facts in regard to it. lia 
 kau-su lu thia"; I will state the case to you. 
 
 ■^JJ sii 61 Benignant; excusing others; 
 ilL> 778 6 considerate of; sympathizing; 
 to b( ar patiently ; to pardon, to excuse, 
 lii tieh six lia ce ; you must be patient with me. 
 su ce ; excuse me ; pardon me. sii cue ; in- 
 
 dulgent toward another's faults ; I beg pardon, 
 su ce, m cai thoi"; excuse me, I did not see you. 
 sii lia ci'e pue ; excuse my not staying longer 
 with you, (said in excusing one's self from a 
 guest) . ci'a sii ce, khah b6 loi ; pardon ray 
 
 using but little ceremony about this. khwn 
 
 sii ; not strict ; kindly indulgent. cia, hwn- 
 lio ho siang-sii; that however can be passed 
 over. i i ng kai m siang-sii n^ng ; she does 
 
 not overlook people's faults at all. sii ce, m 
 cai thaa ; excuse me, I was not paying heed 
 to it. 
 
604 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 A multitude; the mnsa, the 
 herd ; a concubine : in this 
 
 Ru 68 
 fA%\ 778 8 
 
 wise ; so, about. 
 
 eii ki Iio 5 is not far from ; almost there ; 
 probably. sii chut kii ; su cu ; a concubine's 
 Bon. su niiti ke ; the masses ; the people, 
 
 liang-lira-i" su kit f>il ; a gi-aduato of the 
 I^fatioTial Academy, bu jin; a commoner, tek 
 eii ; the wife and ihe concubine. 
 
 Bi\ 85 To rinse the mouth. 
 757 11 6u-khaii-h{i ; a certain kind 
 of mug, commonly used for rinsing the mouth. 
 
 8u-taa To reiterate; verbose. 
 819 uo ta" \io su-sfi tau-tnn, 
 tu" boi tit liiah ; she keeps up a perpetual clack. 
 
 sA 120 The clue or end of a ball of 
 l^H 819 9 thread or of a cocoon; the 
 beginning ; a guide to what follows; a hint, 
 ci kia° su bo thftu bo sA, c6-ni li ; there is 
 nothing to guide one to an understanding of 
 what is to be done in tliis affair, and so how 
 can it be managed ? tu" khu i"-keng Q tlijlu- 
 BU lie; have already a cine to what follows in 
 what has been said. cf kla' sO f'^keng ciu sq 
 Ho; this business has already approached a 
 beginning; this is likely to be effected. 
 
 su 78 Really. 
 
 77(ji 6 su-s6k 
 lamentable, s^ put cai 
 did not know he was not at home, 
 
 klid-lien ; ia truly 
 i io 8| m 16 ; really 
 
 BU 66 To arrange in order; to put 
 819 7 in proper place; to discourse 
 or argue upon ; to converse, 
 lia hue ceng kio i sii kue } I have not yet made 
 armngements with him. lai kau cu khu i 
 
 ko su kii ; on arriving went to his house to talk 
 over old times with him. kua" co khu hd cQ 
 ai" ngi su, cQ khu m-h6 i\i ai° ngi chii ; if an 
 officer does well he will be offered for promot 
 tion, if he does badly he will be delivered to 
 the proper Board for punishment. su sfit ; 
 
 to narrate in chronological order. 
 
 j^^ su S3 Order; precedence, as in age; 
 /4 819 4 series ; a j)reface or argument 
 to a book, in w^icU its subjects arp stated in 
 Older. 
 
 ti ko su si ti-tiang cQ k^i ? Who wrote this 
 preface? sii-thau ;" the preface. ki" tii 
 
 c|i to CO u cek pliien su to hu thau ; every edi- 
 tion of a book has a preface. u ch^ ii su ; 
 hiis a regular sequence ; seriatim, bo cbu su ; 
 ^xas no regular order, 
 
 sfi 122 Acting in the place of ; tem- 
 
 778 9 porarily. 
 ci kai kua" si lai sQ su kai ; this official is one 
 who is acting temporarily. pang ti-tiang lai 
 sG ? Who is to act in his place ? pang i khii 
 su khueh; appoint him to fill the vacancy 
 temporarily, gu jim Ho cu p6 sit khueh ; after 
 acting temporarily, he wa« appointed to fill the 
 post permanently. sfl lia bo kii ; took my 
 
 post but a little while. 
 
 *l(i bQ 117 To erect ; to set up ; to plant 
 777 9 on its base, 
 bu iblo ; to rear a pillar. su cek ki ki-kua'; 
 set up a flag staff. 
 
 — sua — 
 A|K ^tt/f sna-la To spill, to scatter about. 
 XV HA 724 cfa bf tfing hu-kp sua-ta 
 kau ci-kp lai; the ri<;e has been scattered all 
 the way from there here. put hd, inai" sua- 
 
 ^a cek koi'; take it up carefully and do not 
 let it drop through your hands and scatter 
 around. sua-ia wn khu; all spilled oat. 
 
 khleh kai mfleh khu cho, cia' boi sua-sua la-ia; 
 take something to hold it, theu it will not be 
 scattered around. 
 
 yjj\ Bua 86 Sand, gravel, pebbles, shingle; 
 1^ 730 4 reefs, banks ; granulated, as 
 sugar ; gritty ; broken fine; friable and mealy, 
 as fruit ; frequenting sand banks and beaches; 
 a sandy, brown, or gray color, 
 chiah sua thn^; coarse dry brown sugar, sua- 
 tiling ; a grub. i kai min poi" kau eii si sua- 
 th3,ng kli6i ; his face is as spotted as if it had 
 been nibbled by grubs. toa liap kai sua-bd ; 
 large pebbles. ai" kap jieh coi sua Iph khu ? 
 How much sand should be mixed in ? cfa bf 
 se" sua ; this rice is gritty. toa tio sua ; rinse 
 out the sand. sua-tho eng cek koi"; there is 
 earth scattered all over the place. hue-sua- 
 
 thd ; mortar. mak eng tieh sua; have got 
 
 some sand in my eyes. cang sua lai chiu ; 
 
 scour it with sand, sua-pa; sand banks, ciali 
 tieh sua ne ; it tast^ very mealy. sua- 
 
 cih ; a spit of sand. sua ti ; sua ce"; a pool 
 
 with a .sandy bottom. cia ciii nah-sap, tieh 
 
 cang sua lai te kue ; this water is dirty, and it 
 must be filtered through sand. sua-uiui"; fino 
 sand, sua ue ; an unglazed earthen pot. i to 
 lien-phah sua-pau ; he is practi.sing boxing 
 upon sand bags. toa sua-bp-thau ; large 
 
 smooth pebbles, su.a-iu kai ti ; sandy land, 
 
 chio sua ; mix in sand, cang sua lai im ; cover 
 it over with sand, pd-sua-hiin; emery powder, 
 se' sua eng; it is dusty, ci bo chang teh sua, 
 t^h jieh cliim ; tbis field is covered with sand 
 
DICriOXART OF THK BWATOW DlALtCT. 
 
 ior. 
 
 io a considerable depth. pua li'o, piia c6 k&i 
 sua-tun ; carry it off iu baskets, and thus make 
 a sand heap. 
 
 sua 104 Cholera. 
 
 730 7 i ci'-hiie si tieh sua kai ie"; 
 h(5 ham ksii nang kio i phah sua ; he now 
 appears as if he had cholera, it will be well to 
 call Bonie one to combat the disease by raanipu- 
 lation. kueh sua ; to scarify for cholera, ka- 
 tng sua ; Asiatic cholera. sua I"; pills for 
 
 cholera. tich sua iIi ho ciah sie kai raueh ; 
 
 when one has cholera he sliould not take hot 
 things. si sua ieh ; dispense remedies for 
 
 cholera. tieh kin sua ; have an accute attack 
 of cholera. 
 
 sua 195 The shark family, including 
 frf* ^«^^ 7 rays and skates, 
 sna-hu phue ; shagreen, sua p6 ; dried shark's 
 flesh. loi-thau .sua ; the shovel-nosed shark, 
 pell ge sua; the white-tootlied shark. chut 
 
 jip sua ; young shai'ks, which are said to hide 
 in their mother's belly. sua-hu lek ; a bi'ight 
 slate color. 
 
 mt^ rfj3& sua-me The dragon-fly. 
 i**Amm % f^ 993 ang sua-me ; a bright drag- 
 on-fly. sua-me-nie ; a small brilliant dragon- 
 fly, toa chui sua-me ; the big headed dragon- 
 fly, kai sua-me to ceng thi°-tang-tek ; to 
 stand on one's head. nih sua-me kliut a-no"- 
 ki'a" thit-tho ; catch a dragon-fly for the child- 
 ren to play with. sua-me hiah li ; a dragon- 
 fly lit on the hedge ; to place the body in an 
 attitude like that of a dragon-fly perched on a 
 hedgre. 
 
 
 sua 60 To move one's abode; to shift 
 '89 8 one's things from one place to 
 another. 
 
 i-svia khu h'o ; has moved away. chien-sua 
 
 to ti-kp ? Where has he moved to ? cie" poi" 
 siia kiie hie° p6i°; move from this side to the 
 other side. sua ti-hng ; change the location 
 of. raa-sQ kai hang-phb 16ng-c6ng sua jip 
 
 sua°-thau ; the Double Island warehouses are 
 all removed to Swatow. siia theh buang chi ; 
 to change one's abode, and forget to take the 
 wife along ; absent minded. 
 
 — sua" — 
 
 III sua" 46 A mountain ; hills ; heights; 
 
 M-l 733 a mound ; a range ; unculti- 
 vated, wild, not domesticated or subdued, 
 sua" teng than ; the top of a hill. sua" hong; 
 mountain peak. sua" nia ; the ridge of a 
 
 range. sua" po ; the slope of a hill. sua" 
 
 kok ; a valley, sua" klie"; a stream in a gorge, 
 sua" lo ; paths among hills. toa sua", sua" 
 
 kia"; great mountain.s, and small hills. sua" 
 kha ; at the foot of the hill. piia" sua"; half 
 way up the hill. kui" sua"; a lofty mountain, 
 pch cie" kau sua", cu mo" i7j ki" pe° ti ; having 
 climbed a high mountain one is no longer able 
 to see the plain, sua" hi ; a hummock, sua" 
 ciam ; mountain summits. sua" tTuig ; a cave 
 within a hill. sua" ngam ; a cliff. sua" 
 
 khang ; a cavern among hills. sua^-khira ia- 
 SJu; wild animals. sua" chang ; arrable 
 
 watered land among hills. sua" sia ; terraces 
 on the hillsides. raia" sua"; a renowned 
 
 mountain. sua" tien bai bi ; delicacies from 
 land and sea. ke sua"; artificial mounds, 
 
 ai" cie" sua" am? Are you going oji sliore or 
 not ? ko sua"; posted against a hill. lia to 
 toa sua" kp ; backed iip by immense strength, 
 an thau sua"; the backer. sua" cek iam cek 
 iam ; mountains in successive ranges, the high- 
 est being in the background. sua" nang; 
 wild tribes. < fi lin sua" lim ; to i-etire into 
 
 obscurity ; seek retirement among hills, thia" 
 tin-tang tio cek pak sua"-cui ; a scroll 
 having a landscape painted on it, was hung 
 in the middle of the main room. sua" 
 
 hue pho ; a shop where wooden ware is 
 sold. hong sua" khui lo, ngp cui tab kie ; 
 
 whenever you come to a mountain make a road 
 over it, and wherever 3-ou find a stream put a 
 bridge across it. kfin sua" ciah sua'*, kun luii 
 ciah hai ; those near the mountains live on the 
 products of the mountains, and those near the 
 sea live on the products of the sea. sua" si ; 
 sua" heng; the contour of the hill, bo sua" bo 
 sQ ; out of sight of land ; unbounded sea. khu 
 kau chira sua" na lai ; retire into the recesses of 
 the mountains, cng sua"; burial grounds, cieh 
 sua"; rocky heights, sua" tho ; earth from the 
 hills, sua" chau ; wild grasses. hue sie sua"; 
 a mountain that has been burned over. khui 
 sua"; cultivate untilled land on the hills. kim 
 sua", ngun sua"; mountains containing precious 
 metals. bue-thiia" sua"; hills holding deposits 
 of coal. hue-iam-sua"; a volcano. cau-sua" 
 thau ; the top of the kitchen range, sua" kau ; 
 wild dogs. sua" tu ; a wild boar. sua"-ie"; 
 goats. sua" ngio ; a wild cat. sua" mng ; a 
 mountain pass, sua" am ; a monastery among 
 hills, sua" sia"; a city among hills, sua" kok- 
 lok tdi ; in the glens of the mountains. sua" 
 klii"; a mountainous district. sua" iSi nang ; 
 country-people. sua" lio ; a solitary hut. 
 
 thoi" sua"; to seek a good site for a grave, sua" 
 leng ; the spurs of a mountain. sua" p ; an 
 
 inlet or cove at the base of hills. sua" phi" 
 
r.oo 
 
 DtCTlOXARt OF THE SWaTOW DIALECT, 
 
 llifiii; a headland. Ivvn sua"; broken liiglilands. 
 sua" cheng-«iu ; well defined and compact 
 mountains. liiiang sua"; uninhabited moun- 
 tains, sua" fan ; a li illy islet. cO-sua"; a 
 capitalist who lives on shore, and invests his 
 money in ships and cargoes. il-kai co-sua" 
 ki'o i ? What capitalist is his backer? c6 
 sua"; wild laud inherited from aiicestors. 
 sua" phin ; a glen having vertical sides. sua" 
 cii ; the owner of the hill. kua" sua"; wild 
 land belonging to the government. nio sua"; 
 tax-paying land on the hills, kong sua"; hills 
 owned in common. sua" kang ; those who 
 work on the liills. sua" phiah ; nooks among 
 the hills. cle" sua", loh sua"; ascend and 
 descend a hill. ]iua" sua" kiie ni'a ; cross the 
 mountains. kiie sua" kie ; a palanquin or 
 mountain chair. chwn sua" long; a howitzer, 
 sua" chak ; banditti. 8na"c5; a stronghold 
 among the mountains. sun sua" kai Iiu-16 ; 
 scouts connected with robbers having their 
 abode in the mountains. sion sua"; fairy 
 grottoes. sua"-sin tho ti ; local deities in the 
 mountains. sua"ke"; paths among hills, kia" 
 sua"; chQe sua"; llo sua"; to go among tho hills 
 looking for a site for a grave. i khii co sua"; 
 he has gone to locate a grave. cia sua" eng 
 kio nling phoi" a mfn ? Is it necessary to 
 confer with any one in regard to taking 
 this as a place of burial ? sua^-kah ; one 
 ■who is employed to take care of a grave, 
 kong-chin hue chii ngo-cup ngun khut i kiie 
 sua"; the arbitrators awarded him fifty dollars 
 for removing the grave to another place, sua" 
 pang, tl ham ; a landslide, an avalanche, 
 sua" td; the japonica. cia t6 ktli sua"-khiii 
 ho me? Has this tea a fine native flavour? 
 te sua" ; a mountain upon which tea grows, 
 toa sua" b<5 ; a largo hill in the midst of lesser 
 ones. sua" phSa"; the sides of the mountain, 
 sua" min, sua" pue ; the hither and thither 
 sides of a hill. sua" coi", sua" &u ; in front 
 of and behind the hill. sua" po ; a plateau 
 or a plain at the base of a hill. sua" phang 
 sua" leh ; a crevasse. chio sua"; the hill 
 opposite. ua" sua"; a plateau in front. hu 
 lai khi kua ngau-sua"; made several miniature 
 hills therein. hnang-16 kai sa" sua" khah kS ; 
 the three projections on the top of the earthen 
 stove, are too slight, hueh sua" pang ; hemor- 
 age of the womb. thai sua"; a mountain 
 west of Shantung which gives fame to Tai 
 Ngan Fu. sua" sek ; the various shades of 
 green and drab, like the color of mountains, 
 varying with distance. ciah luing kut-thftu 
 cia" sua"; devour people till their bones form a 
 pile as large as a hill. sua" tie"; a place 
 
 where workmen take their meals on the hill.<?. 
 sua" kng-iitig kng-nng; bare and rocky hills, 
 sua" kng-se" kng-se"; barren mountains, sua" 
 cixa"; a mountain spring. 8ua"-tHng-teng ; 
 
 the apex of a hill. 
 
 sua" 100 To produce, to breed, to 
 14 (» bear; the increase of any 
 thing; a birth; parturiton ; jiroductions or 
 resources of a country ; an estate, a patrimony ; 
 a livelihood. 
 
 i u jich coi 8ua°-ngiap ? How much real estato 
 has he ? ch&ng sua"; patrimony consisting in 
 ricefields. hia".!i pun ke-siia"; the brothers 
 
 have divided the estate among themselves, 
 tho sua"; the productions of a region. i bOe 
 pat se"-sua"; she has not get borne any child- 
 ren, i ci piii loh si'e sua"; she at this time had 
 a miscarriage. mak siia"; defilement arising 
 
 from being near one who has recently lx)rne a 
 child. t(S siia' c6i" thio-li tit-hunp, lira sua" 
 
 Q hfo-su-hue i6 cti-i, cu bo lang siia" kai ceng, 
 siia" Jlu kfii pe" la ho ci'e ; if the health be ])ro- 
 perly cared for before childbirth, and if dur- 
 ing parturition there be some one who under- 
 stands such matters to take control of things, 
 then the labor will not be difficult, and tho 
 subsequent illness will be less. 
 
 jt^ Riia" 66 Medicinal powders. 
 HA 724 8 ^i" eng co ieh-sua" ho a 
 
 ieh-I" h<5 ? Do yon want it in the form of pow- 
 ders or of pills ? cang pheng-ang sua" cc 
 
 hngk cu hp; take a little sedative snuff and you 
 will be all right, sua" ia" kue thng ; powders 
 arc better than the same medicine in liquid 
 form. 
 
 Vlll ^"*" — •^ ^P^^' °^ poi'it on a beach. 
 "i M4 734 8 sua -thau po ; the port of 
 
 Swatow 
 Swatow. 
 
 85 
 
 8 sua -thau po ; the port 
 8iia"-thriu sin ; the garrison at 
 
 di^ siia" 66 To scatter, to dissipate, to 
 3Jv 724 ^ disperse ; to fall apart ; to 
 break up. 
 
 si-si sija"-sua"; scattered all around, siia" cp cek 
 koi"; scattered throughout the place. ci" mai 
 phah sua"; do not break the stinng of cash, 
 pun siia"; apportioned out and distributed. i 
 81 thiah-sua" nang kai wn-ie"; he separates the 
 pair of mandarin ducks ; he sets husband and. 
 wife at variance. cha,k khut ua ceng sua" khii ; 
 the rebels have all been dispersed by me. i 
 tliau-sua"m6" t(5 cp huap; he dishevels his hair, 
 practising incantation, siia" tie"; to disperse, 
 as an audience. sua" pang ; break up, as a 
 
 company or set. hwt sua"; dissipate, as a cold. 
 
DtCriOXAlJY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT, 
 
 50 ; 
 
 ke sua", nrvng buang^ the family is scattered or 
 dead. sua"-kliiii ; to disperse, as clouds. ]\u.\\ 
 sio, pliek siia"; lost presence of mind. liuu 
 
 sua"-kliui li'o; the clouds disperse, sua" tliiali ; 
 to divide up, as iu selling at retail. cek sin 
 kai kun-kut sang-sang sua"; feel weak in all 
 my joints; loose jointed. ci le" leli .'^ui" klii, 
 ci ie" ieh sua" liueh ; this medicine reduces the 
 congestion, and the other disperses the blood, 
 sua" si ; dissolution of the body. 
 
 sua" A shelter; a cover from sun 
 724 10 or rain ; a parasol. 
 ]io-siia"; an umbrella, cua h5-sua", p6 ho-siia"; 
 paper umbrellas and cloth umbrellas. toa" 
 
 ne-sua"; an umbrella with an valance at its 
 edge, sa" lam ne-siia"; an throe storied official 
 umbrella, b^v'n jin sua"; a testimonial umbrella, 
 presented to a popular officer. khta ho-sua"; 
 carry an umbrella. theng lio-sna"; khui ho- 
 
 sua"; open an umbrella. ho-sna" kut, ho-siia" 
 pe"; the ribs and the handle of an umbrella, 
 ho sua" sin ai" pie chi"-p6 ; will have the 
 umbrella covered with blue cambric. cia"-lf 
 ho-sua"; siu-sip ho-sua"; repair an umbrella. 
 
 sua" 120 Thread of any kind ; fine 
 801 9 cord or lines ; a clue, a trace; 
 needlework ; a way for, a chance for, a hope ; a 
 remnant or relic, like an orphan who continues 
 a family. 
 
 si sua"; sewing silk. thi" sua" kfii ; sewed 
 
 with thread. tiu-sua"; linen thread. ceh cp 
 sua"; make it into thread. cng i lai cp in- 
 
 sua" ; set him on the trail ; use it as a clue. 
 ko sua" khu chue ; follow the trail and seek it. 
 cek kia sua"; a ball of thread. cek h'u sua"; 
 a skein of thread, cek ki sua"; a bank of silk. 
 sua" jieh coi pi" ? How many knots of thread 
 are there ? sua" ju, khua"-khua" than i tit; 
 the thread is tangled, gently disentangle it. 
 hue-ieh-sua"; a fa.se. ki cam, tio sua"; a needle 
 and thread. sua" cue ; a seam. tang siia", 
 thih sua", ngun sua"; copper, iron or silver 
 wire. cang i cp sua"-sph ; use it as a clue, 
 
 sua" po lib khu; the stitches liave given way. 
 
 sua" 85 Mucous, exuded from snails. 
 
 982 7 am-lo sua"; the mucous of 
 snails. i cek sin se" sua"; its whole body 
 
 exudes mucous. 
 
 — suah — 
 ^^jt suah 86 Baleful : detrimental ; to strike 
 J\W 732 9 dead as by the sun; to injure 
 as by malaria ; to end. 
 
 suab che"; a baleful star. snah khi ; sickly 
 
 vapors; malaria; the active spirit of death; 
 
 baleful influences which destroy luck. i si 
 
 ngp tieh hiong sin, ak suah ; he encountered 
 malignant spirits. kwn-suah ; crises in life, 
 which occur triennially from three to si.xteen, 
 modified by the signs one is born in. kwn- 
 
 suah cheng-chp ; he has passed the critical 
 periods of j-outh. cp suah, hiang suab ; evil 
 influences from the rear or the front, geomantic 
 terms connected with the position of gi-aves. 
 sa" suah ; three points of the compass from 
 which evils come during any year, suah bue ; 
 the very last. Jlu-lai cp-ni siu-suah ? After- 
 
 ward what comes of it ? kau suah-biie si 
 
 cp-ni ? In the end, what does it amount to ? 
 
 ^\j sunh 79 To slay, to put to death, to 
 ^K^ 731 G murder, to kill; to put an 
 end to. 
 
 suah siu ; a headsman. suab thang; to des- 
 troy vermin, suah nio-cbii ; to kill rats, kai 
 suah se"; forbid the slaughter of animals. u 
 ui-hong suah-khi ; has an awe-inspiring, dread- 
 ful look. suah jip tin lai ; fought his way 
 into the ranks. ci'a sng si raong chai ku 
 suah ; this was plotting murder for the sake of 
 gain. chp suah ; manslaughter. go suah ; 
 homicide. keh suah ; accidental murder, 
 suah mla"; murder. 
 
 'jhi^ suak 40 A lodging place ; to put up 
 JP 823 8 for the night; to sojourn, 
 suah-hiab ; to lodge ; to stay over night, cieb 
 un suah-liiab cek me"; allow us to put up 
 here for one night. biah-suab to ti-kp ? 
 
 "Where are your lodgings ? 
 
 — suai" — 
 
 ti Tj^^ suai" The mango. 
 y^\^ j^V 609 cek liap suai"; a mango, 
 khu tio si'iai" hut, phau tio suai" pbue ; take 
 out the stone, and shave off the rind of the 
 mango. 
 
 — suak — 
 
 m^ suak 32 To mold in clay ; to model 
 -4^^ 817 10 a statue, 
 suak cek cun th6-sie"; made a clay image. si 
 tho suab kai a si cha tio kfii ? Is it moulded 
 in clay, or carved from wood ? ci cek ui sin- 
 sie" suab Itli ngia cS,i ; this god is very finely 
 modeled. 
 
 suak 74 The first day of the moon. 
 773 mue" hong suab buang cu 
 tieb kia" hie"; whenever the first and the 
 middle of the month comes, incense must be 
 offered. 
 
508 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 — suang — 
 jTii> suang 140 A species of day-lily ; it is 
 ^^^ 281 9~ said that if a woman carries 
 it slie will bear a son. 
 
 chun suang peiig inong; both parcnti* are in 
 good healtli. snang-chau, oiah lio, 6i koi using 
 kai iu-bun; the day-lily, when eaten, will 
 cause one to forget his sorrows. 
 
 i -L.» suang 40 To proclaim to the people for 
 J^^ 820 iT their observance; to publish; 
 
 to summon. 
 
 hiiang-ti u ci khu suang-tio i ; the emperor 
 
 sent to summon hira. thwn-suang-thia"; the 
 
 room in a yaraun from which the orders are 
 
 promulgated. 
 
 It^^ suang 30 Clamor. 
 
 MB. 231 9 khn-cf suang-jiang ; prohib- 
 
 it all vociferation. 
 
 siiang 89 Cheerful ; sunny ; healthy ; 
 787 7 delightsome, 
 siiang-khiiai ; light-hearted. c5k sin Ifing-Oa' 
 cheng-siiang; feel much refreshed. ci Ie° 
 
 mfieh sib cSi siiang-khiiu ; this is really deli- 
 cious, sln-khi cheng suang ; in fine spirits. 
 
 — sue — 
 sue 145 Wearing away, like a gar- 
 785 4 ment; diminished; cut off; 
 small; fading, growing old, declitiing, decaying, 
 unprosperous ; to deteriorate ; adversity, mis- 
 fortune. 
 
 i ci'-hue to sue ; she is now failing in health. 
 
 i kui ke td sue-pai; the family is going to 
 
 rack and ruin, i hin-khek suc-miii" lio ; they 
 
 have not thriven of late. i heng-uang, i sue- 
 
 raui"; one thrives and the other does not. sue 
 
 raueh ; a feeble old creature. co mih su li 
 
 khue-sue kh\*ie-sue ne ; is very feeble and 
 
 awkward in all she does. hia si sue tio ; is a 
 
 sign of declining powers. sa" sue lak uang ; 
 
 the ups and downs of life. ni ce Iftu le cng 
 
 kfii sue-thue; in old age one's vigor is all gone. 
 
 i ce sue cu u kai sue ie"; being old, she has a 
 
 faded look. ngwn-khi sue ; natural force 
 
 abated, ceng-hueh sue; the blood impoverished. 
 
 i ai" sue lio; it is about to dwindle away. 
 
 inai" khu mak sue i ; do not go and make it 
 
 look old by soiling it. mueh sue ; handle and 
 
 thus give it a worn appearance. i kai sue 
 
 khwn, m ho ctti ; he has a feeble look, and 
 
 appears ill. i chi tieh hiia" kai sue-ke-kfa"; 
 
 she is rearing up a lot of sons who will be the 
 
 ruin of the family. ce thia" cxi sue ; I grew 
 
 faint in hearing it. thoi" to sue le ; looking 
 
 at it makes me feel weak. tang hu hue cu 
 
 khi-than sue; began from that time to decline. 
 i io sue ka-lo ne ; he is far from being 
 debilitated, i ka-lo sue ; his vigor is far from 
 diminishing, mak-sue i k&i niia"-sek ; tarnish 
 his reputation. 1)0 kue sue le ; no wonder he 
 is unprosperous. hiu" sue kiii ! tui-tui i m to ; 
 such a luckless scamp as I am, 1 went there 
 just when he was absent. sue kau kek cu 
 
 pfiah tiig heng; when thinks have reached 
 t,heir worst they must begin to improve. 
 
 t^ sue C2 To guard the frontiers. 
 /^^ 777 2 sue to pien-kwn kb kai pia"; 
 soldiers posted on the frontiers. siie-cut si fl 
 tia'-tieh kfti khi, khi ce kau, sin kai sue-cut 
 cQ lai th6i, hti k&i siie-cut tiig khu; soldiers 
 guarding the frontiers have a fixed period of 
 service, when their time is up new ones are 
 gent to supersede them, and the old ones 
 return. 
 
 ^ 
 
 sue 115 The rent for houses or land ; 
 
 782 7 taxes in kind ; duties on 
 goods ; to pay duty, 
 ci k&i eng me h\ang a mien ? Must this pay 
 duty ? tieh sue, luang; it must pass through 
 the custom-house, there is duty to be paid on 
 it. ai" khu kiie sue G sim-mih kui-ku rag ? 
 
 In taking it through the custom-house, is there 
 any particular usage to be followed ? sue- 
 
 kwn ; the custom-house, i kai chu si sue kai ; 
 his house is a rented one. kai gueh sue jieh 
 coi ngun ? How much per month does he pay 
 for the rent ? chii-siie ; house-rent. siie-bQ- 
 si ; the Commissioner of Customs. sue pho ; 
 hire a shop. hiang-hwn kai siie-bQ ; the 
 
 business at the custom-house. 
 
 ^l|l t 
 
 Commander-in-chief. 
 
 ngwn siie ; ciang siio ; a gen- 
 
 sue 50 
 ^5 6" _ 
 eitilissimo. h<5 co ciang, rii-hd co sue ; he will 
 do for a general, but not for a generalissimo, 
 khua sue; act as generalissimo. khua siie in ; 
 hold the seal of the commaudor-iu-chief. 
 
 sue 77 Tears. 
 
 827 9 ni cong sue m5"; the end of 
 the year, bwn-sue ; the Emperor. choi°-sue°; 
 the heir-apparent, thai-siie ; the return of the 
 same branch character in the cycle, or twelve 
 siderial years. liQam tieh thai sue ; meet 
 
 adverse influences in the C3'cle of twelve. hu 
 kai tl-hng kim-ni hiiam tieh sue phua ; that 
 region meets this year with adverse influences 
 from the planet Jupiter (twelve of whose 
 courses make the great year). sue chu; the 
 order of the year according to the cyclic 
 characters. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 609 
 
 ^J> sue 42 Wanting ; deprived. 
 ,0)^ 746 1 sue-put-tifc ; cannot do with- 
 out it. 8ue-put-tit lioli cie"-se"; that is indis- 
 pensable, sue-put-tit tieh l&i khu ; it is 
 indispensable that I go. 
 
 Riie 104 Weak ; feeble, as from long 
 , ^ ^ 626 10 sickness ; incapable, 
 thoi" fieh sue-sue ne ; he appears very feeble. 
 ci ce b6, cu cng kai siie loh khu ; as soon as 
 the will power fails, the whole force gives way. 
 b6 mih chai-cheng kai nang, ci" ce bo cu sfie ; 
 lie is a person of but little intellectual ability, 
 and as soon as his money is gone he will be 
 incapable of acHon. i khut i kho kau cng kai 
 sue-sue, m ka tin-tang; she was harassed by 
 liim until she was wholly worn out, and could 
 do notliing. to giia khau thoi" tieh to bu-bii, 
 ksiu hu lai ce ki" tieh i bo cu sue-sue ; when 
 away from home he appears very blustering, 
 but as soon as he is in the presence of his wife 
 he is a perfect milksop. 
 
 /jjL siic 9 Disappointed ; cast down. 
 
 yj 291 2 i sue-sue ne trig kliii ; he went 
 back greatly disappointed. cp pjing kp sue- 
 sue ; sat there looking greatly dejected. ua 
 thoi" tieh i ci'-hue sue-sue, kai si cp-ni ? I see 
 that he now appears much cast down, what is 
 the reason for it ? 
 
 /dt sue 34 To mope ; to drag along ; slow- 
 .y^^ 66 going. 
 
 kia", m tieh kia" me" ce, sue-sue nc cSi tit kau? 
 If you are going, why don't you go faster, for 
 at that slow rate of progress how are you ever 
 to get there ? kia" khu sue-sue; moping along. 
 th6i''-ki" i sue-sue khua"-khua" kia", nil si i bo 
 hiah, cek jit ia kia" hph coi lo ; he appears to 
 move along very slowly indeed, bat if lie does 
 not stop, he will go a long way in a day. 
 
 — sueh — 
 sueh 149 To talk, to speak, to say, to 
 788 7 narrate, to set forth, to dis- 
 course. 
 
 kdi-sueh ; to expound. sueh cu ; explain a 
 passage. ci kii cu cp-ni sueh ?"How is this 
 
 sentence explained ? lia thia"-ki" i kai sia"- 
 sueh ; I hear his voice. to lau-ia mln-coi" 
 
 sueh ue ; pray before the gods. sueh-phua 
 
 ci kai tp-h' ; set forth these principles of action 
 1 no nang to tham thi" sueh ti ; the two dis- 
 course together about everything in the uni- 
 verse. sueh i cai ; tell her about it. i ktii 
 tp sueh lie ; she is kneeling there praying to 
 the gods, si'o sueh ; story books, cai sueh ; 
 
 say it over again. i put iong hun-sneh ; he 
 will not consent to hear anything further in 
 regard to it. cfa si lai cp sueh kheh, td in 
 
 sueh kai ; these are intriguing men who roam 
 about and talk persuasively. 
 
 sueh 18 A brash ; to brash. 
 785 6 khi-sueh; a tooth-brash, nng 
 sueh ; a clothes-brush. 6i sueh ; a shoe-brush, 
 nge sueh ; a stiff brush. khieh ki sueh Ifti 
 
 iu ; take a brush and paint it. teng no ki 
 
 sueh; make two brushes, pie ue sueh; a paste- 
 brush, ngun ciia sueh ; brushes used in mak- 
 ing spirit-money. sueh tlo ko ; brush off the 
 mould. 
 
 — suh — 
 
 P"FR suh 80 To suck in with a noise. 
 /^ 779 7 suh cap; suck the juice, snh 
 in ; to inhale smoke in smoking. 
 
 j|-^ suh 41 To spurt out ; to dart forth. 
 y\\ 749 7 mai"khut i kai hiie-ci" suh 
 tieh ; do not get hit by the dart from the fire- 
 wheel, hue-suh ; rockets, pun hue-suh suh 
 tieh ; struck by a rocket. ce thfig, hia ciii oi 
 suh kau hng-hng kp khu ; as soon as you poke 
 it open, the water spurts to a great distance, 
 khut 1 ce kek kin hia hue che"-suh chut lai ; 
 as soon as the ventilation is stopped the flames' 
 burst forth. hia hp-tu-chi oi suh nang ; the 
 quills of the hedgehog may be shot into 
 people. 
 
 — sui — 
 
 ift T(l ^-~ Although; albeit; supposing; 
 ■p'^M- ozo 9 even if. 
 
 sui-jien si cio^-se"; although it be thus. sui 
 
 si u, kui li ; if there be any, it is dear. sui G 
 
 ci-kai, m ju hu-kai ; if there be this sort, they 
 
 are not so good as those. sui rn si chin mak 
 
 thoi -ki na si chin hi" thia"-ki"; even though 
 
 i did not see it with my own eyes, I heard it 
 
 with my own ears. sui bo ho pho-tin ia tieh 
 
 na kp hiah ; although the bedding is poor, we 
 
 must stay here over night. sui-cek tieh me" 
 
 na si m hfih huang-lau, ai" me" put Igng me"; 
 
 though it 13 necessary to go quickly, yet if the 
 
 wind and tide are adverse, we cannot go 
 
 quickly however much we wish it. 
 
 sui 30 A spout ; a nozzle. 
 
 -9 'rr,^*^^^ ^^ "' ^^^ ciu-pang-sui si lau a m 
 SI .'' ihe spout of this wine-pitcher leaks does 
 •'?! 1 , , ^ t^-^^^n-sui ; the nose of a tea-pot. 
 SUI thak khu ; the spout is stopped up. t6h 
 kismpe'iohp kai; select one which has "a 
 good spout and handle. 
 
610 
 
 DICTIONAET Of TH« SWATOW DULICT. 
 
 p j fty snx 140 A clonk made of bamboo, 
 >jpC 814 10 palm leaves, or grass, woven 
 in strips, and laid like thatch ; to screen 
 from i-ain. 
 
 caiig-fiui; a coir rain-cloak. tek-hieh-sni ; a 
 raiii-clojik made from bamboo leaves. mua" 
 carig-sui ; wear a coir rain-cloak. 
 
 1^ Kiii 80 Tlie month ; to give lip. 
 
 1016 13 i tiiia" fich pi" niln pi" Riii; 
 when she heaid it her roiinfenance clianged. i 
 kf:i"-jib (O-iii p\"-chut da min-hui ? Why is siio 
 to-diy BO different ? 
 
 Ah^ Hiii 9 Handsome; beautiful. 
 Irj 972 7 sui-siii; very attractive, i se* 
 Ifii siii cfti; she is very pretty. 
 
 1^ sui 170 To accord ; to follow ; to 
 ItJGr 826 13 comply with ; to let; to per- 
 mil ; like, as, according to ; wherever ; forth- 
 with ; presently. 
 
 kuM-8ui lia ]k\ khu ; you go with me (as a 
 servant or attendant). sui-si ; immediately, 
 sui-s-i (0, K{ii-sl li(5; it is but a moment's work. 
 bIo" tieh kill, nui-si cu ki"; whatever he thinks 
 of, he at once wants. sui-ciet ; instantly. 
 
 Bui plen ; as you like ; when convenient. sui 
 chii to Q; wherever you go, you are likely to 
 see them. sui ti cek lo to li(5 kiu"; you can 
 
 go by whichever road you please. sui i l&i ; 
 let him come. sui jwn lip; any way will do. 
 i kai a-nai u sui lai jini teng a bo ? Did his 
 wife come with him to his post? sui jim ; to 
 accompany an official to his post, hwn ai" kia 
 it-sui ; will add a tenth (to the fees of the 
 attendants). sui loi ; vails paid to official 
 
 attendants, about one tael in ten. i si tng 
 
 cliiang-sui kai nfi,ng ; he is one of the personal 
 attendants of an official ; he belongs to the 
 retinue. kak-kak sui ^(5 ban"; each one does 
 as he pleases. sui to sin-pi"; sui kin sin-pi"; 
 
 keeps close to him. sui pit loh, min &ie"; write 
 whatever comes first to mind, you need not 
 ponder over it. sui hu-liue kai sim s<$ sie"; 
 
 coincides with what you thought at that time. 
 
 Bui 82 To hang ; to dangle; to drop ; 
 
 102 6 pendant. 
 
 i kai jlo-se pak lio sui kau ka-ciah ; when her 
 crape fillet was put on, it hung to her waist, 
 sui kau tii tieh tho ; hung down to the ground . 
 sui than sang kbi ; hung his head and sighed, 
 ho-siia" ciii sui cek sin; the rain has dripped 
 all over me from my umbrella. hu teng cp 
 
 tio lau-b(5, mai" kliut lim-ci" cui sui loh lai ; 
 make an eave-s-trough above, and not let the 
 water from the eaves drip down. teng tio lio 
 
 mai" Bui khah ke ; do not let the lamp be hung 
 so as to swing too low. i kai raak-bai sui Idh 
 l&i ; her eyebrows droop at the outer ends. 
 
 i^ 
 
 sAi 162 Forthwith ; thereupon; then; 
 
 828 9 after that, 
 cc ai", sui-si u ; as soon as he wants anything 
 he gets it. in-Oi hie"-se* sui ti-kaii cie'-se ; 
 that afterward lead to this. in-ui hu-kai sui 
 tit tieh (i-k4i; because of that, we have now 
 acquired this. 
 
 IS 
 
 8(ii 75 
 737 9 
 berry leaves. 
 
 scng-siii ; sng siii ; the mul< 
 berry. sng-sui hieh ; mul« 
 sug-Nui cf ; mulberries. 
 
 mi 
 
 1^ 
 
 pfti 140 Qi.sAi ; an eroulgent sweetish 
 301 12 root, used in throat diseases; 
 it looks like orris root. sui jIn ; a root used 
 in making a medicine for sore eyes. 
 
 BiSi 162 To follow ; to accord with. 
 828 9 slm-mih su to sui i ; every- 
 thing coincides with my desire. ku-ni k&i 
 un-klil put sui ; last year the luck was adverse, 
 kin-n! kfii Qn-khi hd, mih su to sQi sim ; the 
 luck is good this year, everything goes right, 
 sfii i; accords with my wish. 
 
 sui 96 Felicitous; auspicious. 
 
 782 y kin-n! slang-sfii «fti ; this is a 
 very favorable year for it. u kai siang-sQi 
 
 kfii khi-slang; had a very happy omen. toa 
 in siang-sui ; very inauspicious. 
 
   ^IfH^ sui 116 The heads of grain. 
 DB 827 12 bSh sui ; ears of wheat, 
 chek sui ; the heads of rice. da" kiie tang 
 
 k&i sui pha", ci kue tang kai sui io toi"; the 
 ears of grain were not well filled out in the 
 last crop, but in this crop they are well filled 
 out. ju-chia" toa sui ; and moreover the 
 
 heads are large. cek sui u jieh coi liap ? 
 
 How many kernels are there in an ear ? kin- 
 iii kai chek-sui pa cfii ; the ears of rice are 
 very full this year, cek sui cek sui 16ng-c6ng 
 hui" Iph l&i ; the ears are all drooping. 
 
 Bun 39 A grandchild. 
 f> 829 7 lam sun, nng sun ; ta-po sun, 
 cu-nie sun ; grandsons and granddaughters, 
 lai sun; a son's child, gua sun ; a daughter's 
 child. kia" sun ; children and grandchildren, 
 ceng sun ; great grandson. hien sun ; great 
 great grandson, I'P-bp sun kia" gau-gau toa- 
 toa ; give divine assistance to his descendants, 
 making them wise and great. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 511 
 
 '^ siin 118 A sprout ; a Rhoot. 
 
 813 6 tek sun ; bamboo spronts. 
 taiiiir siiii ; winter spj-outs of the edible bamboo, 
 mo" sun ; spi-ont« of a very large species of 
 bamboo. tek-ki'a" siin ; youjig sprouts of the 
 dwarf bamboo. che" siin ; fresh baraboo- 
 
 eprouts. siin kua"; dried bamboo sprouts, 
 
 siin khiik, siin nek; the husk and flesli of the 
 bamboo sprout, sun ciam, sun kha ; the point 
 and the base of a bamboo sprout. 
 
 siin 64 To lose ; to dafnage ; to spoil ; 
 
 829 10 to injure ; detrimental ; ill 
 luck. 
 
 cie"-se'' si u iah, bo siin ; that is advantageous, 
 not injuiious. chvvn bo sie^-siin pua" li ; not 
 in the least injured. siin tek kai su iL-lio (O ; 
 do nothing which outrages niorHlity. bo sie° 
 bo siin ; no harm done, i si ti hu-sdn kai pe"; 
 his disease arises from an injury to the vital 
 organs, bua me" kai su siang siin tieh sin-khi; 
 night toil makes the heaviest draft on the 
 energies. boi siin tieh png-ci" cu ho ; if there 
 be no loss of capital it is well. koi siin hai ; 
 easily spoiled. siin tieh sin-hun ; harms the 
 per.son. 
 
 ■jfe^ siin 75 A tenon. 
 n "T ^ 829 10 tau sun; to mortise in a tenon, 
 cfa chii^ i» si lin ka kai, iIi si tau sun kai ; 
 this furniture is glued, not mortised together, 
 siin cin kliu; the tenon has broken off. siin tau 
 »n kin ; the tenon is not tightly set in. sun ce 
 khiia" cu ai° bai ; if the tenon is loose it will be 
 rickety. sun khua" cu ai" ie-16; if the tenons 
 are not tightly set it will rattle. ci" sun ; set 
 a wedge beside a tenon to render it firm. 
 
 ^^ sun 49 The fifth of the eight dia- 
 Z^^ 830 y grams, and the 57th of the 
 64 diagrams, denoting the wind, and the 
 northeast. 
 
 ential. 
 
 siin 162 khiara-sun ; humble, modest 
 
 829 10 unassuming, teachable, defer- 
 
 khiam-khiam sun-siin; very docile. 
 
 sun 47 To go about from place to 
 813 4 place in order to examine 
 wliat is being done ; to go on a circuit ; to 
 cruise; to patrol; a course at a feast; to fill 
 up the glasses all around. 
 
 chut sun ; go out to reconnoitre. siin-bii; the 
 governor of a province. sun-pu ; special aids 
 to the provincial authorities. suu-kiam ; a 
 
 supervisor or judge in a township. sun ke"; 
 on his beat, as a watchman. thek che khu 
 
 8un-chip ; send a constable to look out for and 
 
 Feize. pun-c{in ; a revenue cutter. sun hd ; 
 to patrol the water-courses. sun ie"-inin ; to 
 cruise on the high seas, hu-kp u sun-leng hue 
 tdsun-che; there are policemen there looking 
 after it. i khu sun chaiig ; he has gone to see 
 what is the condition of the growing rice crop, 
 lia ai" khu siin i ; I am going to inquire after 
 her health. khu sun-si i; go and visit her. 
 
 sie sun ; pay friendly visits to each other, s&n 
 me"; patiol the streets at r.ight. sun siii"; 
 
 pafi-ol the city, sun-thoi"; inspect. ciu kue 
 sa" sun ; the wine has been passed three times, 
 sun kau ngiam cSi ; kept under very strict 
 surveillance. 
 
 m 
 
 sun 120 Unmixed ; pure; fine; best; 
 
 783 4 simple ; whole ; sincere, 
 i kai kang-hu sun cai ; his work is very 
 honestly done. sun-ceng cSi, boi chap-cap j 
 
 very uniform throughout, not heterogeneous, 
 khang-khiie lo sun-sek c5i ; the work is very 
 evenly and thoroughly done. sun si o kAi 
 
 sek; it is black all the way through, sek sun 
 aiig; the color is a uniform red. nang ai* 
 
 chile kau sun-chwn kai ci'e c5i ; there are very 
 few perfect people to be found. 
 
 sun 60 To follow ; to accord ; to go 
 813 9 around with; to perambulate, 
 tieh sun kui tSu ku ; must act in accordance 
 with the usages of the place, siin ci tio l6 khu 
 chue; follow this road in search of him. sun 
 ci khoi-ki" ko khu ; go along here on the bank 
 on the river, sun ci kai sua°-kha kia" khu, cu 
 boi hng; follow along the foot of the hill here 
 and you have not far to go. 
 
 sun 187 Tame, gentle, docile. 
 
 813 3 ci ciah gii m sun, ti si ai" 
 tak nang ; this ox is intractable and sometimes 
 hooks people. ci ciah be sun cfti, cng kai m 
 pat thak nang ; this horse is very gentle, and 
 never kicks. ceng-se" ka kau sun-sek le, sek 
 cai ; this animal is well trained, and is very 
 tame. 
 
 /^~t sfin 72 A decade of days or years. 
 hJ 812 2 ni kuu chit sun ; nearly 
 seventy years of age. cie" sun, tong siin, § 
 sun ; chiu sun, cap sun, jih sun ; the first, 
 the second, and the last third of the month, 
 i sun-siin chit-chit to cp hut su ; she practises 
 Buddhist observances during every period of 
 ten and of seven days, i kia"-jit cp thau-sun; 
 they to-day observe the rites customaiily per- 
 formed on the fifty-ninth day after the death 
 of a relative. 
 
512 
 
 DICTIONART or TH« 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 Bun 
 814 
 
 78 
 G 
 
 To follow the dead to 
 graves and be buried 
 
 their 
 with 
 
 m 
 
 them. 
 
 gng sim-mueh khu sAn cfi^ ? What was buried 
 with her ? i eng kua iiilng khii sun cng ; 
 
 they buried the living witli the dead. i sun 
 latig khu; he killed himself to escape misery. 
 
 rgg Bun 164 Rich, good, and clear, (as 
 P^ 783 8 wine). 
 
 lii'i kill via. kfii bi fo che"-nge, ci khf cfa k&i bl 
 iu sun ; that sort of wine is crude and sharp, 
 while this has a more generous flavour, khng 
 ku kai Iftu ciu, i kfii bl to io siiti; old wine that 
 1ms been long kept, has a softer and richer taste. 
 
 sfin 181 To accord with ; to follow ; 
 .>i 784 3 to agree to; to obey, to 
 comply with, to yield ; to let a thing pass and 
 jiot hindei' ; to be in sympathy with ; docile, 
 compliant, unresisting; agreeable; filial; con- 
 venient; fair, as a wind; following the grain, 
 as in wood ; flowing, rythmical ; easy, graceful, 
 as penmanship ; favorable ; a mild form, as of 
 pmall-pox. 
 
 fidh-siin ne ; it furthers our project; it works in 
 our favor, stin hnang, siSn l&u; with wind and 
 tide, sun cui ; follow the current. siJu i k&i 
 nieng ; obey his commands. lu tieh sQn i k&i 
 \; you must act in accordance with his wishes. 
 Kun-ch6ng ; comply with. sQn lo ; is on the 
 route. sQn lo tiii hu-ko kiio; we pass there 
 on our wa}' to our destination. sQn chi'u kno° 
 rung ; close the door after you. sQn chui tj\" 
 chutlai; let it out heedlessly when talking, 
 ptin khi cfi-jien ; let it go ; such is the luck, 
 it can't be helped. biin-H thong siSn ; the 
 
 style is clear and easy. T-keng kui-sfin tong- 
 kok ; have returned to their allegiance to 
 China, to-li sQn a m siSn P Does this doctrine 
 accord with reason or not? siin si cu lohkhu; 
 followed the drift and went down. i cp khu 
 io sun si; she makes them more stylishly. bo 
 hie"sQn chiu ; not well adapted to the hand; 
 not easy to wield. i cie"-.sl sun chin cSi, ki" 
 cp ki" tieh; he has everything to his hand of 
 late, and succeeds at once in whatever he does. 
 — sut — 
 sut 6J_ To feel for, to commiserate. 
 825 6 bii-sut ; to comfort, to solace, 
 to relieve ; to show pity in a practical way. 
 bii-sut kau i hp-hd ; relieve her needs in such 
 fashion as to render her comfortable. bti-sut 
 kau i kai simsi; bestow sympathy until his 
 need of it ends. bp khu bii-sut i ; did not go 
 and express any pity for him. iu-sut ; exces- 
 sive compassion. 
 
 It 
 
 sut 182 To press upon as the wind 
 44 5 does in blowing, 
 ki pun huangsutlfo phiak-phSak-kie ; the flag, 
 blown by the wind, flutters noisily. huang 
 
 li-li sut ; the wind keeps flapping it. khut 
 
 huang sut phiia khu; torn by the the blast, 
 cui khut huang ce sut, eng cu phu; when 
 the water is blown upon by the wind, the 
 waves rise. 
 
 But 44 A fragment, a crumb, a bit. 
 798 > c6k sut-kfa"; a little. sut 
 kfa'-ni lla'-tia"; only the least bit. 
 
 But 119 Sawdust. 
 
 320 11 ku-8ut; sawdust. si chA 
 
 sut lid a sam sut hp ? Which is the better the 
 sawdust from hard wood or fi-om pine? thau- 
 khak eng ku-sut ; has his head spinklcd with 
 pawdust; has put on an appearance of being 
 very busy at his trade. 
 
 lI* But 62 The eleventh of the twelve 
 />% 826 2 branches, 
 sut si ; from 7 to 9 o'clock P. M. sut gueh ; 
 the eleventh month in the cycle of twelve. 
 
 |||^ But 142 A cricket. 
 'KT^ 774, 11 tek-sut ; a cricket, kfi lek- 
 sut ; to fight crickets. chaa sut ; a cricket 
 
 that lives in the grass. 
 
 i% " 
 
 sut 64 To flog ; to beat. 
 
 "3 5 khJa tin-tio sut i ; take a 
 rattan and flog him. cang chue li-kwn sut ; 
 took a club and kept beating him. 
 
 v£^ B&t 144 The way of doing a thing or 
 yi 4 778 6 of effecting an object ; an 
 art ; a plan ; a trick, a device, a hocus-pocus ; 
 a mystery, usually something magical or 
 demoniacal ; the black art. 
 
 huap-sut; magical rules; superstitions rites, 
 i si u io sut kai le"; it appears to be some 
 magical trick. su-bu sia sut ; the arts of 
 
 sorcerers. siit-stt; a conjurer. put hak b6 
 sut ; without practice no art can be acquired, 
 put lun si ti cek ie" sut ai" ph kau ceng si oh ; 
 whatever be the art to be acquired, it is diflB- 
 cult to learn it thoroughly. 
 
 sut 162 To follow another's steps ; 
 
 779 6 to narrate. 
 Bii-sut kau meng-peh ; state it clearly. ci'a si 
 sut i kai ue cie°-se'' ta"; this is quoting what 
 he said, pe cak, kia° sut ; the son follows the 
 practices of his father. 
 
DICTIONIET OF THB SWATOVf DIALECT. 
 
 613 
 
 ?u 61 To think, to reflect, to consider 5 
 834 y to wish ; the thought of the 
 
 Slit 170 To swoop, dart, or pitch 
 
 364 6 downward, 
 ciiih eng sut loh lAi tin koi-kia"; a hawk swoop- 
 ed down and carried ofF a chicken. i to hu 
 teng thoi" tia"-tia" cu sut loh lai ; he fixes his 
 gaze on it from above and tlien darts down, i 
 tin-to thau sut loh khu ; he pitched down head 
 foremost. 
 
 — pu — 
 
 > 
 
 FU 69 su-bun ; scholarly, courteous 
 ^Vl 834 8 polished, elegant, su-su bun" 
 bun kai nang ; a very scholarly man. sU-bun 
 sau ti ; put scholarship to ignoble uses. 
 
 heart 
 
 eu-sie"; to reflect upon. su-liara ; to think 
 
 about, to recollect kindly. su ke ; homesick. 
 (■6 .*u iu sie"; consider all sides of the question, 
 jit su, me" sie"; think of it day and night, 
 mai" khu su-sie" i ; do not think about it. 
 cong-ku su-liam tieh i ; always hold hira in 
 kind remembrance. i k5,i sira-pu ho cai ; her 
 intentions are excellent. su coi", liam 3.u ; 
 
 recall the past, and meditate on the future. 
 toa° su pe"; heartsick through unrequited love, 
 siang su pe"; sick through unsatisfied afiFection; 
 lovesick. 
 
 l^-t su 30 To adjust by conversation. 
 
 |f|J 739 8 pu-nie; to bargain; to talk 
 over and fix the price. bo su-nie ; no chaffer- 
 ing, niai" su-iiie ; do not haggle about the 
 price. ua hu c^k jit kang lu soi" su-nie kue; 
 I on that day settled with you beforehand the 
 question as to what the price should be. su-nie 
 iTi tiig ke, tho ci" ai" sie me"; when the price 
 is not fixed by previous arrangement, there 
 is a quarrel when payday comes. ke ci" f-u- 
 nSe rli tia''-tieh ; the price was not agreed upon. 
 
 su 50 A legion or brigade of 2500 
 758 7 men ; part of an army; troops ; 
 a master, a professor ; a patron ; a sage ; a pat- 
 tern to the world. 
 
 toll jit chut su ; choose a lucky day for march- 
 ing out the troops. pang su ; recall the army 
 from foreign service. ciii su; marines. khu 
 ki" lau-su ; visit a learned scholar. thai su, 
 bio su ; thai-cu su hii ; the two high officers 
 who have nominal charge of the education of 
 the prince, kun-su ; a strategist who advises 
 the general in an army. 
 
 ZjL^ su 115 Private, personal, selfish, 
 
 '1^ 835 V partial. 
 
 ua chwu bo su-sim ; I have no partiality. 
 
 kong tang chang su ; conceal private interests 
 under public ones. bo su-phi"; bo su bo phi"; 
 have no selfish ends in view. cliwn bo pua" 
 tiam sun-su ; do not in the least consider how 
 it affects myself. su-i ; selfishness. 
 
 to Pii 80 Annals ; chronicles ; acts ; a 
 ^Z, 700 2 register. 
 
 su-kam ; chronicles. cp kue gu-sti ktii nA,ng ; 
 a historiographer. kok su ; records of the 
 
 state. 8ii-ki ; history. kak chio to to u sd- 
 kua°; every dynasty has an annalist appointed. 
 thai-su-tQi"; a Hanlin graduate. ji cSp-ji 
 
 su ; the twenty-two histories of the Chinese 
 dynasties. 
 
 BU 154 To confer ; to bestow on an 
 838 8 inferior ; imperial grants or 
 favors ; a benefit ; used by supliants when ask- 
 ing favors. 
 
 khim su ; imperial favors. su khut i ; bestow 
 it upon hira. i-hok su-pun i cheng ; gave 
 
 him clothes to wear, thi" su kai ; bestowed by 
 heaven. huang-ti su kai ; conferred by the 
 
 emperor, su peh ; send a scarf for an officer 
 to strangle himself with it. 8ie"-su ; to reward, 
 cfa si chio-theng s(5 su kai ; this was conferred 
 by the government. su u teng-tai ; gave hira 
 permission to wear a button ; rewarded him by 
 giving hira rank without office. sin kiie 
 
 huang-siang kai un-su ; have experienced the 
 kindness of the emperor. 
 
 
 su 61 Thoughts; emotions ; wishes; 
 834 5 i-su ; meaning, design, idea, 
 intention. m-ho i-su ; vile, disreputable, 
 
 indecent, m chi i sira-mih *i-su; do not know 
 what his idea is. p i h<5 i-su cle"-se" cp ; 
 
 wonder why he thinks it well to do thus, 
 bp i bp su ; without meaning ; nonsensical ; 
 absurd. 
 
 su 
 837 
 
 129 hu "g-su ; disorderly; im- 
 7 pu lent ; profligate. 
 
 FU 160 In grammar, an expression, 
 1033 ~i2 word or particle ; words ; 
 a plea ; an argument. 
 
 hu su; a false statement. lia thoi" chut i si 
 sek su kai ; I discovered that his plea was 
 specious. liang nang kak cip cek su ; each 
 
 held to his own argument, i si kia su cie°-se" 
 ta°; in so saying he is falsifying for the sake 
 of making a point. cflg-su ; a defense or 
 
 accusation in court. su put tak i ; the state- 
 ment does not fully convey the idea. tia"-su ; 
 the plea that is entered in defense, su-ku ta"- 
 lai iio thia^j the summing up was very well 
 
514 
 
 DICTIONABT OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 done. Tiiap 8U, 1)U k6 ; to trump up a^com- 
 
 plaint and accuse falsely. thang-gu-^u ; an 
 
 mtei jection. cfa ji s\ eng co gu-cp-sU ; this 
 
 letter is used as an interjection. 
 
 sii 113 To offer sacrifice to one's 
 1034 6 ancestors; the building 
 wlu'ie ancestors are worshipped, 
 sfi-ing; an ancestral hall, chiii" a-kong jip sii; 
 invite the spirit of a grandfather to take up its 
 abode in the an<'eslral temple, to se" nang khf 
 G se"-su sai i, si 5ii i kai Su-I la fi sii-tng s&i i 
 k&i sin-cii ; while he was still living the people 
 built a temple dedicated to him, and after liis 
 death his descendants had a place where they 
 could worship their ancestor. 
 
 £tnl ^^ ^— l^eirs; posterity ; hereafter 
 IHjRj 838 10 au - sii ; male deacendants' 
 coll -u ; their posterity is cut off, i sf ftu b6 
 B"u ; he left no heirs. cang i kai tau-sun 
 
 Ifiii ( p i kai Sii-s^ ; adopted her grandson as 
 his heir. Bfi-Su si co-ui le" ? How will it be 
 hereafter? 
 
 ^__Lk PtI 88 In early times, an officer, a 
 - ., I ^ 762 minister, a warrior; rt/ifertcarrf, 
 a learned or upright man ; a scholar, a gentle- 
 man ; an able-bodied man ; soldiers, 
 teng ku-jin Ho ctt tfeng c\n-sfl ; having obtained 
 the degree of Master of Arts he afterward took 
 that of Doctor of Laws. h&ng-lim-l" sii-kit- 
 sQ ; a graduate of the National Academy. tSi- 
 hak-sfi ; the title of the first rank of cabinet 
 ministers. toa sin-f-B ; gentlemen of high 
 
 rank. si kong-cia° kai sin-s-Q ; is an upright 
 gentleman. pG 16ng kong siang ; literary men, 
 farmers, artisans and traders. bun-fcG ; a 
 
 scholar. mia° ttS ; a renowned scholar. cang 
 pu ; a valiant man. chix sG ; a private scholar. 
 kun-sQ hue ; the soldiery, privates and officers. 
 
 rtjrfjt fQ 46 An islet. 
 •^^ 819 14 tau-sG ; a rock in the sea. 
 thoi" tieh bo sua" bo sG ; could see no land 
 anywhere. ma-sQ II siia"-thau jleh hng ? 
 
 How far is Double Island from Swatow ? of 
 kai sua" si tng sG a m s! ? This mountain is 
 cut off from the mainland is it not ? m si tng 
 BU, nge ti, oi ciap tieh pat ko ; it is not an 
 island, it is joined to the other land. 
 
 f-G 9 Like, similar ; as ; as if ; as it 
 837 5 were ; appearing ; resembling; 
 having an aspect of. 
 
 siang bG ; resembling each other. sG-hu si, in 
 sG-hu m si ; like and yet unlike ; doubtful 
 identity. sG-hu Q cheug-lf ; appears to be 
 
 reasonable. f-Q si ju hui ; appears to be but is 
 not. f-G hau" hU m hau"; seems both willing 
 and unwilling; gives doubtful assent. sG cin, 
 sG ke; one can hardly tell whether it is natural 
 or artificial, se" lai liiiang-pG ; are much alike, 
 thoi" tieh huang-sG hiiang-sQ; has a general re- 
 semblance. hiiang-sG thia" tieh liO hie"-se"; 
 appeared to be pleased at what he heard, 
 thoi" tieh huang-sG h<5 hie''-8e"; it looked as if 
 it would do well enough. gua-seng to j-G ku ; 
 a sister's sou generally resembles his maternal 
 uncle. 
 
 pG 6 To serve, to obey, to take in 
 
 764 7 hand. 
 b5ng-sG ; h6k-8Q ; to wait upon; to attend upon 
 respectfully; to render service. ke teng kai 
 Iftn b<5 Q n&ng hok-sG a b6? Does any one wait 
 upon the aged house-mother ? tong chin put 
 KU n6 kun ; a loyal courtier does not serve two 
 monarchs. sG kun put leng bQ chin ; one who 
 serves the monarch cannot attend upon his 
 parents. pQ sin ; clean up and carry out the 
 idols. pG hiit ; serve Buddha. khu kG to i 
 
 kp ; enter into his service. hien chin toh cu 
 jd sG ; a wise courtier chooses his master and 
 then serves him. 
 
 YI a pfi 9 To fill an office; a public officer. 
 I-Lk 762 8 chutf.G; to enter office. hG 
 
 tliA ; official labors. i-G hwn ca ke; an honora- 
 ble family. la si put leng ciu cia'-tSn kia" cu 
 su kuo ti kG Ho mai" chut khu cO kua"; if one 
 cannot act uprightly, it were better to resign 
 office and not enter upon it ag^in. 
 
 ^^L py 1^ It is proper ; it is so ; denot- 
 Xtr 762 5 ing a quality of truth rather 
 than of mere existence. 
 
 hia, hU • that is so. mih much id bQ, u si kfla 
 th^u b6 kliu ; by assenting to everything one 
 will sometime find himself without a head. i-G 
 t-Q kie ; constantly agreeing to every assertion. 
 
 fQ 9 To await ; to prepare for ; to 
 
 837 7 look for. 
 6G-ha.n e jit ; awaiting future events. i sin 
 
 min sia ta° " lip sG hue im," ta° tieh roe°-me" 
 si'a sin khu bue-hok i ; he writes on the out- 
 side of the letter, " I await a response" so we 
 must immediately write an answer. 
 
 EU 9 To wait on ; to attend on. 
 
 837 6 pu-hau ; to await. kna" ci- 
 hue cia" td kie su-hau ; the officer is just now 
 calling the attendants. su-hau kau i khu ut 
 cia" 6i° ; attend upon him till he retires, and 
 am then at leisure. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALKOT. 
 
 611 
 
 8U 6 An affair ; a matter ; business ; 
 
 764 7 traffic ; an occupation ; a ser- 
 vice ; duties, functions. 
 
 Boi" H kong su, jien-S.u If sai su ; attend first to 
 public business, and afterward to private af- 
 fairs, ci'a SI kin su ; tliis is urgent business. 
 i Q kin-io su to sim ; he has engrossing topics 
 on his mind. si sitn-mih su ? What is the 
 matter ? lu td to niih su ? What are you 
 doing? i khau rnih su ? What is she crying 
 about? i lai si ui-tieh sim-mih su ? Why 
 has he come ? i si wn-in ci kia" s-u lai ; it 
 was o"n this account that he carae. bo su bo 
 ku i bo lai ; unless there is some reason for it 
 lie will not come. se" su ; make trouble ; stir 
 up a commotion. si i cong-ku l<5 se" su; he is 
 always creating a disturbance. ci'a sng si .'•io 
 BU ; this is nothing of any great importance, 
 mai" go i ka,i tai su; do not interfere with his 
 important occupations. cia si ho su ; this is 
 a good object, ho sim su ; benevolent objects ; 
 friendly acts; good natui-ed. ci kai nfmg 
 khah hau" su ; this person is too ranch of a 
 busy-body. sim-su ho cai ; very friendly. 
 is mill su ? What are you engaged in ? ngan 
 c6i° u su me? Have you anything to do just 
 at present ? mih su bo ; have nothing wliat- 
 ever to do ; has no business on hand. ]\6 sii 
 cp ke, khiap su ( p ci'e ; do as much good and 
 as little evil as possible. i io tong su ; he 
 knows how to transact business, (lig kai iTi 
 hio su ; knows notliing of affairs. kak n&iig 
 kak nang kai su ; let each attend to his own 
 affairs. kbng koi i mai" to su ; exhort him 
 not to get into trouble with other people. si 
 ti-tiang to cu su? Who directs affairs ? If ke 
 BU ; manage the hou.sehold affairs, nang thoh 
 i If su ; some one has entrusted some business 
 to his management. i si li'-po cli-su ; he is 
 eecretary of the Board of Rites. ci cuang 
 BU ; this special business ; this affair. bwn 
 BU ju 1 ; everything to his liking. peh sQ to 
 lifo ; understands all .sorts of business. bu 
 cheng si cp-ni ? What is the condition of 
 things ? su-bu coi cai ; has numerons occupa- 
 tions ; is very busy. su su ciu tau ; every- 
 thing is attended to. kia" kia° su li kau 
 kau-kak ; all the different jobs are completely 
 finished. kna"-si su; a lawsuit, khiong-pha" 
 i kai su u iTi sit ; fear that his business is not 
 honest, si-cle" su Iwt-leh coi cai; has had great 
 experience of the world, si su tliang cai ; well 
 versed in worldly affairs, si hong che su lai 
 kai ; is one sent on special business. hue si 
 toa su ; toa su tieh ; it is a small matter. hia 
 kai su mng toa (S,i ; that is a very important 
 matter, sie-sie su; a trifling matter, to si i fp 
 
 long su, cia" long chut kau kai su cie" toa ; he 
 is always intermeddling, and thus it happens 
 that so great a disturbance has arisen out of 
 it. ham i kai Su su tieh khu Q-pi ; tell him 
 that he must prepare for the consequences, 
 ka-ki kai su to m kwn, bp ui khu kwu pSt 
 nang kai su; how is it that you who do not 
 attend to your own business, have occasion to 
 attend so much to other people's. no"-kfa" 
 
 su, hin-hara hiah cu li<5 ; it is a petty affair, 
 and both parties should withdraw from it. 
 cia si ki su, rii si tha nang su ; this is my own 
 affair, and does not concern other people, cia 
 cu kill su lio ; this is very strange. kuai su ! 
 How Strang ! kph ie° kai su ; a curious affair, 
 kong-ceng kai su ; something in whi(;h all are 
 concerned. ti-tiang t<5 cp si-su ? Who is the 
 superintendant ? su kip; su kin-kip; the 
 business is pressing. phoi" su ; manage a 
 
 business. I5u li su ; an old hand at the 
 
 business. su si ju hp ? What is the present- 
 aspect of affairs ? i cp mih su-ngiap ? What 
 is his occupation ? i cek se" cp u hiia" kai su 
 ngiap; he has done many meritorious deeds 
 during his life, kien kong lip ngiap kai su; to 
 do meritorious deeds, as Buddhists do in lay- 
 ing up raeiit. chiet-io su ; important affairs, 
 bp-siang-kang su ; something of no conse- 
 quence, su-bu tp-twn ; multifarious duties, 
 su cii ; the head of affairs, sng su; a grievous 
 affair; the funeral of a parent, peh su; a sad 
 affair, involving the wearing of mourning, 
 ang su ; a happy affair. hiong su, kit su ; an 
 unfortunate or a lucky affair. la su; create 
 trouble, se" cliut u su ; resulted in a disturb- 
 ance, su ci am ci ? Is the business finished 
 up yet ? cia rn ci su ; this does not help the 
 matter, ci tieh sim-mih su ? What good will 
 that do ? su seng lio ; the business is accom- 
 plished, su tit a bue ? Is the difficulty settled 
 yet ? cp su tieh cp kau cia"; when you do a 
 thing, bring it to a completion. vvn-chwn 
 i kai su ; wound up his affairs. no nfing 
 
 pak tang su kue ; the two were each others 
 coadjutors in the affair. che" su mai" cp, 
 
 sek su mai" buang ; no not take up a business 
 that you are unaccustomed to, nor neglect 
 that which you are familiar with. i kai chin 
 su cia" a bue ? Is the betrothal effected yet ? 
 
 into holes to fill 
 
 — swn — 
 
 VEH ^^^ — ^^ pour 
 
 1^ 476 18 them. 
 
 swn in ; run full of lead. swn in teng ; fill 
 
 with leaden plugs, ci kai ngun khut i swn no 
 
 sa° liap in tp-kp ; this dollar lias had its holes 
 
 filled in with lead. 
 
516 
 
 nrCTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT, 
 
 swn 162 To select ; to choose out or 
 L^^- 821 12 elect ; to pick ont. 
 siii i swn-t61i ; let her take whichever she 
 choose. swn kA,i hd kai ; select a g-ood one. 
 
 cie"-8e' cu tong-swn ; tliat is making a wise 
 choice. jim swn put nau'; allow you to 
 
 take your choice without being displeased 
 about it. 
 
 tk 
 
 Bwn 05 To discharge ; to emit ; to 
 
 135 4 deposit, 
 hu swn chun t6 chau kp, e jit cQ pi" ib hfl-kfa"; 
 fishes deposit their spawn among the rushes, 
 and afterward it is metamorphosed into little 
 fishes. ci cek t6 chun swn chut lai, crang-l&i 
 cu kang choi" kang bwn biie ; one paunchful of 
 spawn being deposited, thousands and tens of 
 thousands are developed from it. th&ng swn 
 nng to Iiu-t6i; insects lay their eggs in there. 
 ch6i"-iah ai° swn fiiig, tieh khieh kp cua khat i 
 svVn ; when the silk-moth is ready to deposit 
 its eggs, a piece of paper most be placed for it 
 to lay them in. 
 
 B\Vn 118 To calculate ; to estimate ; 
 
 833 8 to reckon ; a plan . 
 ei'a, iTi swn ; make no account of this. khut i 
 khu ta-swn ce ; let him go and cogitate over it. 
 la-swn kau h<5-hp cia" lai ; when your plan is 
 definitely made, theu come. siu-Ki, mio-swn ; 
 a clever design. 
 
 ^§gj swn 16.2 To select for otTice. 
 ^^^^ 821 12 swn chut kliU(pkuu"; under 
 appointment as officers. hau swn ; awaiting 
 
 appointment to office ; expectant of office, cieb 
 swn ; presently to be appointed to office. 
 
 swn 70 To more in an orbit ; to come 
 821 7 back to the same point ; to 
 revolve. 
 
 ciii lau kau hA kp 6i to-swn j on reaching that 
 point the current sets backward. to-swn tli&u 
 tag hli mo"; turned his head and looked back, 
 ciu-svvn; to greet and entertain, i ciu-swn 
 
 kau kau-kak c5i ; he went about among them 
 in a very courteous manner, fi nang kheh to 
 si i chut lai ciu-swn j whenever there are guests, 
 it is bo who comes out to entertain them, 
 phwn-swn ; to look after the comfort of a 
 strange guest, swn-tng than lai thoi"; turned 
 her head and looked, lau-ciii-koi to-swu ; 
 
 the gulls circle round and round. tl-kp svvn ; 
 nvheel hither and thither. swn lai swn khu, 
 iuua"-ti-kp chue; went round and round search- 
 ing everywhere for it. swu tit swu sitj lost 
 it as scon ai he got it.. 
 
 It 
 
 Bwn 41 To spurt ; to gush forth. 
 
 749 7 ce li'u khui hia ciii jwn swn 
 chut lai ; as soon as it was dug open the water 
 spurted out in every direction. hu cieh ngam 
 ko kai cua" die" swn chut lai ; a spring gushes 
 forth from that rocky ledge. cam Iph khu hi'a 
 hueh swn kau jieh hng kp khu; when it was 
 lanced the blood spurted ever so far, cui-thang 
 lilu, ciii li-li swn ; the bucket leaks, and the 
 water spurts forth. 
 
 — ta — 
 
 ta 5 Dry j dried. 
 
 311 10 khu phftk ta cS ; go and put 
 it in the sun to dry more. l6 teng oi ta a 
 
 bue ? Has the road dried up yet ? pu kau ta; 
 boiled dry, me* huang me" jit koi ta cfti ; 
 
 there is a high wind and a hot sun, so it will 
 easily dry. khah ta, tleh iin tHra ; it is too 
 
 dry and mast be dipped in water. chit ta; 
 
 wipe it dry. ftu ta; thirsty. la kau ta-ta ; 
 dry it in the wind, hang i ta; dry it by a fire. 
 
 >fA » ta 87 A remedy, a recourse. 
 
 •4> 613 5 i cfti ta lia iia ? How can he 
 
 do anything to prevent me ? bd tA ua; nothing 
 can be done about it. b6 ta i ua ; 1 have no 
 means of controlling him in the matter. lia 
 b5 ta lii ua ; I cannot help your doing it. 
 tang b6 cftn, bp ta ua cia" tag lai ; waited till 
 we found out that there was no boat, and then, 
 being unable to do otherwise, we came back. 
 
 ta-pQe Tortoise or turtle shell, 
 686 especially the precious 
 sort from the hawk's bill tortoise ; marbled or 
 clouded tortoise shell. 
 
 lia kai mak-kia" si ta-pue khuang ; my specta- 
 cles have rims of marbled tortoise shell. sie" 
 ta-pue ; encased in clouded tortoise shell. 
 
 'Hit Knf **-^e -^ husband's mother. 
 ^M 14 432 ta-ke ta-kua" 16ng-c6ng 
 to; bor husband's fatlier and mother are both 
 living, ftu ta-ke ; husband's step-mother. 
 
 ta-kua" A husband's father. 
 414 ta-ke ta-kua° 16ng-c6ng 
 to I ng ; her husband's parents are both alive, 
 hu lai hwn-lio chun kai l5u ta-kua** tp-kp ; my 
 old father-in-law is still alive. ta ke kua"; 
 
 basbaud's parents, 
 
 ta-po 102 A male of the human 
 614 2 species, 
 ta-po kia"; a male child, ta-po nang; menfolk. 
 si ta-po a si cu-nie ? Is is a man or a woman ? 
 ta-po hue ; the men. tliia" tieh si ta-po sia"; 
 it sounds like a man's voice. ci kai ki'a" si 
 ta-po a si ca-bd ? Is this child a boy or a girl ? 
 
 JiJf^ 
 
DICTIONAKr OF THK SWATOW DIALECT, 
 
 617 
 
 "jtT <a 64 To operate 071 ; to act on ; to 
 
 ^ -I 839 2 do ; to perform. 
 ta Iheng thoi" ^u clieng cp-iii ; informing him- 
 self in legard to the circumstances. i si h'li 
 fii-tham kun-cheng kfii kang-soi ; he lias come 
 to spy out the details in our military affairs. 
 Th ta kin kai su ; an unimportant matter. cia 
 bo mih ta kin ; this is not very important, 
 liah ua in ta kin ; held me in contempt. liah 
 th ta kin ; consider as of no account, ta-pang; 
 make one's toilet ; the costume. lu ta-pang 
 kau cie" ngi'a si ai" khu ti-kp ? Where are you 
 going in such beautiful attire ? ta-pang kau 
 iap-iap thiap-thiap; very neatly dressed, chit 
 bun ta-pang, sa" hun nang ; seven parts dress, 
 and three parts person ; the beauty is in the 
 costume rather than in the wearer. ta cang ; 
 to arrange the coiffure. lau mq", ta cang ; 
 
 to let the hair grow long and dress it in the 
 ^tyle of married women. ci kai a-no^-kia" ta 
 no kai kak cang, chu-bi cSi ; this child has its 
 hair done up in two little queues on the sides 
 of its head, and looks very funny, ta" si-heng 
 ta sim-raih cang? What style of coiffure is 
 now fashionable ? ta cang-kia"-16 ; do up the 
 hair in a coil at the back of the head. ci'a bo 
 ta bo pang cu ti ngia kai; this unadorned 
 beauty is handsomest of all. ki" tieh cu loh 
 khu ta-chiam ; bowed low as soon as he saw 
 him. i si ]ai ta chiu huang kai ; he has come 
 to raise the wind. ta cek kai khak; make 
 
 a knot in it. ta ciang ; give battle, i mia". 
 ke ta-ciang; he is a great fighter. 
 
 ^^ ^ta 16 To lean, resting the hands 
 ./Li 700 6 upon something, 
 ta to kau-f-phin teng; leaning on the back of 
 a chair for support. ta to ]au-teng ko lam 
 
 nang ; in the upper storey, leaning on' her 
 hands, peeping out at people. ta to i koi". 
 
 than ; leaned on another person's shoulder. 
 tk li'o puah loh khu ; leaned on it for support 
 and fell down. 
 
 ta 140 To cover ; to pull over one. 
 V " J ^^^ "^^ ^^ thau-po ; a scarf used as a 
 head covering. thau-khnk ta ko o kun ; a 
 
 black scarf on her head. ta ko mua° to'koi". 
 thau ; had a shawl over her f-houlders. ta ho- 
 1 J throw on a rain-cloak. ta a-no-kia"; cover 
 the baby with it. be-phue ta pang be sin teng: 
 throw the horse-cloth over the horse 
 
 ^ 
 
 ta 115 Growing grain ; crops. 
 Z54: /in taphpcai; the cropsare 
 this sort of grub eats grain. 
 
 "• A * *S 87 Large ; plump ; sizable. 
 XV 839 pheng kau pheng tS ; of the 
 same size. keh bo no ni cu cio" kau ta I 
 
 During an interval of barely two years lie ha.i 
 grown so large ! se" lai kau-chiang ta-haug j 
 is of large stature. 
 
 — ta" — 
 
 ja" 64 To carry at the two ends of a 
 
 » 850 13 pole over tlio shoulder; to 
 bear, to sustain, to undertake, to be responsible 
 for. 
 
 i ta" much kliu ; he has gone to carry some 
 things. khin ksli ta" i ta" tit phu, tSng k&i 
 
 ta" i ta" in phu ; he can carry a light burden, 
 but not a heavy one. phoi-ta° ta° kau io-!o ; 
 the carrying.pole has been used till it is very 
 flexible. ta" khu tSng than an ; does not 
 
 balance the pole on the shoulder so as to keep 
 it level when carrying the loads. ta" tSng 
 
 ta"; bear heavy burdens. ta"-thau hie" tSng, 
 bo piin-nia hue rli ka" lai ta" ci'a ta"; the burden 
 is so heavy that no one who is not strong 
 would dare undertake to carry it. Ii5 ta" tit 
 khi me ? Can you carry it ? i ta" cie" koi" 
 
 li-li cau ; he hoisted it on to his shoulder and 
 ran off with it. khieh pun-ki khu ta" tho ; 
 
 take rubbish baskets and go and bring earth, 
 khu ta" hue lai chio ; go and bring the lime 
 and mix it in. ta" tng m khi; am not adequate 
 to it. khak-ta"; a red carrying-pole, used in 
 carrying wedding presents. 
 
 y^ ta" 9 Now ; at this time. 
 
 1 398 2 boi kau ta" u jleh kii ? How 
 long since you bought it ? ta" bo hie" coi kai ; 
 at present there are not so many. ta" in si 
 
 cie"-se"; it is not now so. 
 
 ,= ia" 130 The gall; the gall-bladder; 
 
 t=t 851 13 courage, bravery, because it 
 IS supposed to be connected with this organ : 
 fortitude; endurance. 
 
 fita"; courageous. bp ta"; timorous. ci' kSi 
 ta toa cai ; this one is very brave. u ta"- 
 
 liang kai rang cu ka" c6 ; a person of great 
 courage would dare do it. b6 ta"-liang, cSi tit 
 ka cm-coi" ? Without courage, how could he 
 venture forward ? sim hu, ta» cien; cowed and 
 craven. kia" kau i mang hun i^ang ta": so 
 
 scared that he lost all wit and courage ta"- 
 
 cap ; the bile. kia" phua ta"; dreadfully 
 
 frightened, pau thi» ta"; i kai ta" toa kau pan 
 •]\i 1 f,'f ^^^^'^ of nothing under the heavens. 
 11^ "1. , ^ ^^' 5 be is very valiant. i fl ta»- 
 ^hi ; he has moral courage. leng-ta''-chau ; a 
 bitter plant, used in rheumatism. ta-.chan; 
 very bitter herbs. kh6 kue tu-ta"; more bitter 
 
us 
 
 DICTIONART OF TUB SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 than B wine's gall. hu iii-hq thai phiia »a"; do 
 not cut the gall-bladder in dressing the 6sh. 
 cia HI kua^-ttt" kai ue ; tliis is the expression of 
 liis real feelings. i kai, hun ttl"; his gall is 
 
 that of a gnat ; he is a perfect toward, f-keng 
 th(5 ko h!ra ta° ciali loh kliu ; has demanded a 
 piece of bear's gall to take as medicine ; has 
 asked those who wounded him for money to 
 buy ex|)eu8ive remedies. thai n&iig pang htie 
 tii"; lias the audacity of a murderer and 
 incendiary. phah tieh t'lo fa"; hit him where 
 the gall is hung; struck his vitals. 
 
 ta" 64 A burden, a load ; a pical. 
 
 8o0 13 cek ta° cCk peh kun ; a picnl 
 is a hundred catties. ci ta" kau poih kau c&p 
 kun, hu ta" peh gua kuu ; this load is eighty or 
 ninety catties in weight, and that one is over a 
 linndred. cia cun cai iS jieh coi ta" hue ? How 
 many loads of lime does this boat carry ? cai 
 u sa° bvvn ta"; it carries thirty thousand piculs. 
 ta" niiii" ta" khah tSug ; do not carry too heavy 
 loads. jih co cek toa ta"; press it down and 
 make one large load of it. mai" khut ta'-ta"- 
 hiie cuang tieh ; do not let the burden- bearers 
 come in collision with it. 
 
 ta° 149 To speak, to converse, to say, 
 
 363 10" to talk. 
 ta' ue ; to talk. i co-n! tk"? What does she 
 say? -i tk° m-h(5 ; she dissents, nftng-n&ng 
 tk" h6 ; every one assents to it. lia li ta' si, 
 i li ta" m s! ; I said it was so and she said it 
 was not. i ta" niih ue ? What language does 
 he speak ? 6i ta" ue a b6i ? Can he talk ? 
 
 iia ta" m pat to khu ; I do not know what to 
 say about it. cia. ue si i ta" kai ; this is what 
 he said. ta" m-hd thia" kai ue ; use obscene 
 language. ta" khu au m tng ; cannot pro- 
 
 nounce it. ta" lai toa cih ; stutters in talking, 
 tk" khu thih-thih-kie ; speaks stammeriugly. 
 tk" khu im m cia"; does not speak plainly. ta° 
 i7i raeiig-peh; did not say exactly. i kai ue 
 
 ta" lai koi thia"; it is easy to understand what 
 he says. mih ue i to 6i ta"; he can speak 
 
 every language. si ta" sng kai a si ta cin 
 
 kai ? Is it spoken in jest or in earnest ? t§ng 
 ta"; reiterate. leng-ua" ta"; say it over again, 
 cai ta"; repeat it. cai sa° ta"; told him again 
 and again. hwn-lio ta"; keeps on telling it. 
 ta" p€h-ciu°; ta" p§h-loh ; to tell lies. 
 
 til" 85 Insipid; dull; indifferent; flat. 
 
 863 8 i kai bl khah ta"; it tastes too 
 Hat. i kai ke I'o cheng-tS."; his family is poor, 
 i khiam-pliok c5i, cek se" to si cho i ta" pug ; 
 they live very phiiuly, and always wear coarse 
 clothing and eat simple food. tJi°-tJi" ue kau- 
 
 chap cQ ho ; to be merely civil in intercourse 
 with them is all that is desirable. ci pak 0:6 
 lai khah til", hu pak ue liii khah long ; thit) 
 scroll is p.iinted in too pale colors, and tliat oiie 
 in t^)o bright ones. lft''.poh kai ke; of obscure 
 family. i cie*-sl kai seng-li ne-t?l* c5i ; hij* 
 
 business is very dull latoly. kai koi-chi i-ikg 
 k&i ne-ne tfi,*-ti"; trade is now exceedingly 
 dull ; nothing is going on in the markets. 
 
 tft* 64 To ram down, to beat dovrji 
 
 860 10 with a pestle, 
 cang khu-kfii'-thfii tS' mi", cia" tab tit tuo? 
 crush it with the pestle and then it will adhere 
 when you stick it on. ci kiti kai ka"-na khieh 
 khu t&" phua ; take these few olives and break 
 them by crushing them. ta" chiii; beat and 
 break under a pestle. ie*-bue khieh Ifii t&* 
 
 phua hut lio CO ie'-b&o sum ; break the pits of 
 the arbutus fruit and make a jam of them. 
 
 tft' 64 To discard; to pitch. 
 
 71 15 khieh ko cieh tA" i ; pitched 
 a stone at it. ta* hdi"; to return a discarded 
 article. ta*siu-kiu; toss the embroidered 
 
 ball. tii-tii ta' tieh ; just hit it. ta" tieh 
 thau-khak; hit him on the head. 
 
 ta" 48 To err; to mistake; to blunder. 
 
 5 7 i ti" ta"; he made a mistake 
 in speaking. i co ta*; he made a mistake i« 
 doing it. bI tia th6i" ta"; it was I who made 
 a mistake in the inspection. sle" ta" cii-i ; an 
 error of thought leading to error in choice, 
 chiu khieh ta"; a slip of the hand, iu taking. 
 H ta"; made a mistake in regulating it. kia" 
 ta" 16 ; went by the wrong road. ciah ta" 
 
 mueh ; ate the wrong thing. thdi" ta" n^ug; 
 mistook his man. chwii boi tu"; no mistake 
 about it. cong ta" ia m hng ; the error is not 
 great. ta" kau m cai ; went astray so far as 
 to be completely unaware of it. thak ta" ira, 
 sia ta' ji, sueh ta° cu ; read, write and explain 
 the wrong letters. 
 
 — tah— - 
 
 tah 154 To paste up; to stick on; 
 
 893 T" to lay on. 
 tab to chie" teng; paste it np on the wall, tah 
 ji khut nang cai; put np a notice and let 
 people know. tah ko phio-thau khut nSng 
 
 thoi"; put up a placard for j>eople to see. tah 
 m tne ; it will not adhere when pasted on. 
 tah m kin ; it does not adhere tightly. ci kai 
 phang tieh cang cua lai tah mi"; paper must be 
 pasted over this crevice to close it up. i ki" 
 tieh, kui kau tah-tah ; on seeing him, she knelt 
 quite down. cin-jit tah tiah ka-ciah ; ho is 
 
 E 
 
DKTIOXXBT or TDK BWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 519 
 
 lagging at my lirols all day long. tali ko-M ; 
 pnt up u pioclauiation. tah nek sa"; an 
 
 imdergarraent. 
 
 *fcg|^ tah 04 To put on at (lie top ; to j)ilo 
 4pi 841 10 up ; to add to ; to sutfix ; to 
 engage a place or take passage. 
 iah kui''-kui"; pile them up very high. tali 
 
 in-ke"; put up a scaffolding. ai" tah phang a 
 lu ? Are you going to raise an awning overhead? 
 tah phang phb ; set up a tent to use as a shop, 
 tah cek cq phu-kie ; lay a floating bridge, tah 
 cun ; take passage on a boat. ci ciali cun tah 
 a jieh coi kheh ? How many passengers are 
 there on this vessel ? 
 
 tah 149 To intrust to ; to commit to ' 
 
 915 3 to commission, 
 tia ai° k\a-tah lu kh ue ; I want to send a 
 message by you. tah lu kio i ih"; commission 
 you to tell him. ai" iia-tah khah coi much, 
 
 lia Cli b5i khieh ; if yovi have many things to 
 send, I shall not be able to take them. i tah 
 lia khieh lai hai° lu ; he gave it to me to bring 
 back to you. ci k-ai iiaug ho siang-sin, lia kai 
 ci" ngun to si kia-tah i ; this person is trust- 
 worthy, and I send my money by him. 
 
 ^Jtm yfySl tah-lien A purse shaped bag, with 
 j^A^U T O 841 a slit in one side, used for 
 carrying articles when travelling; it is slung 
 -orver the shoulder, with its contents in the two 
 ends. 
 
 pi tah-lien ^ carry a bag. cang tah-lien co 
 
 Ueng-li, mill mueh khng to tah-lien tdi ; use a 
 bag as a case for carrying luggage, and put all 
 your things into it. 
 
 ^^1 tah 18 A tenter-hook ; to hang on a 
 'it*] 841 10 hook ; to hook on. 
 khia ki tah-kau khu tah tia"; take a long hook 
 and hang it up thereby, tu-nek tah pang lio- 
 hue kp, sui i kaah ; hang the pork on a long 
 hook with numerous barbs, and let him cut it 
 off to suit himself. khIeh ki thih-tah, tah khi 
 lai th6i°; take long iron hooks and hang it up 
 for inspection. 
 
 tah 75 A classifier of clouds; a 
 
 909 2 blotch. 
 eSk tah hun ; a cloud. ku-a tah o hun ; 
 
 several masses of black clouds, i kai min phu 
 khi lai cek-tah cek-tah ang-ang ; red blotches 
 came out all over her face. in cek tah cek 
 
 tah phu khi lai ; the smoke rises in clouds. 
 
 tah 149 To talk much ; to mutter 
 8 9 unintelligibly. 
 lie ta" l&i si theng tab, cng kai m tia"; spoke in 
 
 an incoherent wn,y, saying nothing definite, 
 ue ta" lio, cio"-p6i* tah kuc l&i, hio"-p6i" tah 
 kiie khu; after he had said it, ho repeated it 
 with all the statements reversed. 
 
 m 
 
 tah 64 To pat 5 to slap lightly. 
 
 145 5 tah i ut; pat him to sleep, 
 tah i kai koi*-thft.a ; slap him on the shoulder, 
 tui heng tah ka-ciah ; beat his breast and slap- 
 ped his back. 
 
 jiMC tah 157 To set the foot upon; to 
 jJ^H 842 8 tread. 
 
 tah die" ; to step on the green; to worship at 
 the tombs. kha tah no p6i" kle ; walk on 
 
 two bridges at once ; he is " on both sides the 
 fence." ham ciah kha-tah lai cai ; call a boat 
 rowed by one man to carry us over. eie tah 
 kha ti-kau sie phah ; tread upon each others 
 toes until a fight ensued. ceng nang lun-t4h 
 kfii ti-hng; ground that everyone tramps over, 
 lun-tah khu thfam cS.i ; very violently trampled 
 upon. tab i sit; tread it down solid. 
 
 m. 
 
 m 
 
 . yj> t^^h 162 Mixed ; repeated. 
 AdS 842 10 cap- tab ; cap-cap tah-tah ; 
 bustle ; hubbub, made by people going to and 
 fro on promiscuous business, or with all sorts 
 of occupations. nang-mueh cap-tS.h ; crowds 
 trooping hither and thither. cap-tah ti-hng; 
 a thronged place. 
 
 — tai — 
 
 tai 94 Silly ; foolish. 
 
 619 10 iu m si chi. In m si tai, co-nl 
 nga-nga ne ? Since you are neither a fool nor 
 half witted, why do you act so silly ? i k&i 
 chi- tai ; he is a dolt, thoi" tieh sdng-tai s6ng- 
 tai ne; appears very stupid, ai-tai; to pretend 
 stupidity, for a selfish end. i hu khi nang 
 ai-tai khut ciah ; he is one who sponges his 
 livine:. 
 
 tai 202 The panicled millet ; 
 776 tai mue"; gruel made from 
 tai ci ; millet porridge. 
 
 ^^ tai 78 Evil. 
 
 ^^ 844 m cai h<5 tai ; does not know 
 good and evil. tai su ; evil affair. sim lii 
 huai tai i ; he harbours bad intentions. peng 
 bo tai i ; has no bad intention. ch^ng kang 
 cak tai ; a nest of villainy. 
 
 VjK *^^ ^^ Sediment, settlings. 
 l^p 1031 id cho tai, cui tai, ia tai-, 
 sediment in vinegar, water, and oil. te tlo 
 
 tai ; strain oat the settlings. 
 
 millet. 
 
520 
 
 DICTIONART OF THK SWATOW DIALICT. 
 
 iSi iai 164 To loan ; to entrust to an- 
 845 5 other ; to confer, 
 i kai ci° si t6 nfing ko kau-tai lai kai ; his 
 money is held on loan from other people. ci 
 chu kwt m khwn-tai i; this time I will surely 
 not let him off. 
 
 iai 203 che"-ta» ; umber, used as a 
 845 5 paint and in medicine. 
 
 <ai 183 A stand, a staging, a turret. 
 
 847 8 cek tui siah cek-tai ; a pair 
 of pewter candlesticks. ci'a hue si teiig-tfti 
 
 k&i ; this flower blossoms in whorls. 
 
 iki 82 To bury without rites ; to put 
 573 7 into a pit and cover, 
 tai t6 thd toi ; buried in the earth, sf b^, hhm 
 nftng kng khu tai ; call some men to carry off 
 the dead horse and bury it. 
 
 M 
 
 r— I' tfti 61 tai-bvvn ; to treat rudely. 
 tUJ\ 845 5 i ii tai-bwn tleh i a bo? Did 
 they treat him disrespectfully or not ? la si 
 b6 tai-bvvu tieh i, i ( p-ni hie" khi ? If they were 
 not supercilious toward him, why is he so 
 angry ? 
 
 —I-* tai 87 Great, noble, chief; distin- 
 -xV 839 guished ; high, highly, very, 
 tai jin ; a term used in speaking of or address- 
 ing those of higher rank ; His Excellency ; 
 Tour Honor, khi tfii j)ia"; raise a great army, 
 kkng tai Bu; quell a great disturbance. lip 
 tai kong ; get great credit. tai kie ; a great 
 outcry. tai- llak ; in general ; not far from 
 
 that. tai-ke tieh hfta-mok ; you must all be 
 on friendly terms with each other. eng tieh 
 tai hd ; use proves its excellence, cek sin tai 
 song-khuai ; exceedingly comfortable. hu-ko 
 tai lau-jiet; they are having very lively times 
 there. tai huang-htii" cek tie"; a great com- 
 motion, tai-khai si cW-se"; that is about 
 what it would be. tai-khai ce ; give a general 
 estimate of it then. tai to thak cu ; is gen- 
 erally reading. tai rn hau"; is not at all 
 willing, tai hviam ; all at once, tai u cheng- 
 H ; is very reasonable. 
 
 /r3d *^i "50 kwn-tai; to treat; to behave 
 l^T 845 6 toward ; to entertain, i cb-ni 
 kwn-tai lu ? How did she treat you ? kwn- 
 tai i m-hd ; treated him rudely. cp cfu-siah 
 kwn-tai i ; entertained him by making a feast 
 in his honor. 
 
 ^ tai 187 A rudder. 
 
 910 6 tai-kong; th© helmsman, 
 cun tai ; the helm. 
 
 — tak — 
 J-S > pM tak-iing To waste; to misuse. 
 •^^^ J-^- 952 tak-nng cfii ; very waste- 
 ful, inai tak-iing tlo much ; do not waste 
 things, tak-iing si-liau ; waste the time, eng 
 kai ke-ko to hd, tak-nng kai cek tiam to m-hd ; 
 you may use a.s much as ever you like, but do 
 not waste the least bit. 
 
 tak 148 To butt, to gore. 
 
 99 18 gu sie tnk ; the oxen gore 
 each other, mai" kliut i tak tieh ; do not get 
 gored by him. i ce sie tak ciu tak kau liueh 
 Iftu hueh tih ; if they begin to butt each other 
 they will keep it up until the blood runs. 
 
 Xro« tak 64 To press the thumb nails 
 X^PC 1020 7 together, as in killing vermin 
 between them. 
 
 phii' kai sak-Sng cQ tak bSi hfang; dead nits 
 do not crack when you press them. tak ka- 
 cAu ; crack a flea between the thumb nails. 
 
 Bjy tak 109 Sleepy from fatigue; to nod. 
 JnL 430 10 i td tak mftk ut ; he is doz- 
 ing through weariness. i roftk siapcai, cp 
 pkng k6 to tak ; she is very sleepy, and is doz- 
 ing as she sits. i tit Ho, td tak ; he is asleep 
 and nodding. 
 
 t&k 162 Open ; permeable ; to reach 
 840 9 all around ; to permeate ; to 
 pervade; to see through; to perceive; to in- 
 form ; to make known to; to give or transfer 
 to; to promote, to advance, or bring forward ; 
 suitable ; all ; everywhere ; intelligible ; intelli- 
 gent ; penetrable ; successful in life. 
 ci k&i nang io thong-tak chdng-li ; this person 
 understands coiTect doctrines more thoroughly, 
 cia ua" ii tak po a bo ? Has this case been re- 
 ported to the Board ? hd khu tau-tak i toa 
 nang cai ; it will be well to go and inform his 
 elders in the family. i sin-se" kp ua la khu 
 tau-tak cai ; I went and informed his teacher 
 also. i kau &i-c&p-gfia hue cia" hwt-tak; he 
 was over forty years old when he began to rise 
 in the world. cia sag si soi° tak kai n^ng ; 
 
 this is a person who was previously eminent, 
 i kai sin tit-tit tak kau lau-tia hu lai ; his let- 
 ter was forwarded directly to the magistrate. 
 
 tak 9 The value, worth, or price of 
 59 8 a thing. 
 ci kai eng sim-mih ke-tak ? What is the price 
 of this ? cia si hph tak ci" kai miieh ; this 
 
 is a rather costly thing. cia tak jieh coi ci° ? 
 How much is this worth ? hia m tak ci" ; 
 
 that is not worth much. tak bo kr.i ci" ; noi 
 
 11 
 
DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 521 
 
 vrortli a cash. txtk 3 kiii kai ngun ; worth 
 
 several dollars. liia tak lO ko, ci'a tak lo cie ; 
 that is worth more than tliis is. lu thoi" tak 
 a iTi tak ? Do you think it worth that ? lia 
 
 thoi" li sit cili kham tak ; T consider it really 
 worth its price, ci'a tak bo ci"-thih kai niiieh- 
 kia" ; this is not worth a copper. se" co kai 
 koi-nng lo tak Q lak kai ci"; to have borne you 
 is of loss benefit than to lay an egg, for a egg 
 is worth six cash. 
 
 I'-Q^ Ifik 53 To calculate ; to estimate ; to 
 i^C ^17 6 reckon. 
 
 chiii chSng tak li; chiii-tak cheng-li ; to think 
 out tlie correct method. tieh llang-tak ka- 
 
 ki kai lak cia" ho co ; must make a correct esti- 
 mate of your own strength before beginning 
 the job. khuah kau m hd chek-tak ; so wide 
 that it cannot bo measured. liang jip tak 
 
 ehut ; reckon the income and the outlays. 
 
 t&k 1G2 To take up in order; success- 
 
 ^ , 97 7 ively. 
 
 lu ho tak it tak ji ta" ua thia°; you take up 
 the heads one by one in their order and recite 
 them to me. tak kai tak kai to ki" cheng-cho 
 lio ; they are all recoi'ded, in their order, sio, 
 lak jit shg ; reckon the accounts, as taken 
 day by day. 
 
 _ tak 80 Noxious, poisonous, hurtful, 
 
 '*y» 922 4 destructive, baneful, malevo- 
 lent; a poison, a virus, a baneful exudation. 
 i kai sim tak cai ; his feelings are very mali- 
 cious, ak-tak ; malignant. i" tak kong tak ; 
 counteract one poison with another, cla mia"- 
 ua" si hok-tak thu-lua kai, m si cin rala"- 
 iia"; this case is one in which a person has 
 poisoned himself in order to unjustly implicate 
 another in a charge of murder, it is not a real 
 case of murder. hok-tak ; suicide by poison- 
 ing, cia ci" si cira tak ieh kai : la si kliufc cia 
 tak c'l" sia tieh cu si ; this arrow is one that 
 has been sleeped in poison : if you are hit by 
 a poisoned arrow you will die. put jim hia 
 tak-chi'u ; cannot endure the thought of such 
 a destructive act. piig si ai" tak si kau, ti- 
 kau tak si tieh nang ; meant to poison a dog, 
 and eventually poisoned a person. i kai tak- 
 khi ce hwt cu oh ui ; if once the poison takes 
 effect it is difficult to counteract it. se" tak 
 mueh ; has scrofulous or syphilitic ulcers, 
 cua u kai tak, ii kai boi ; some serpents are 
 poisonous, and some are not. tak kue si- 
 
 cua; more poisonous than a viper. tieh eng 
 ngun-kh\ lai kheh tio i kai tak hueh ; must 
 use a silver instrument to scrape off the 
 poisoned blood. lap tieh t^k ; poisoned by 
 
 syphilitic viros. ci k&i 5i koi-sd tiik ; this is 
 an antidote to poison, i in-iii tong tak ti-k^ii 
 sang se"-mla"; she lost her life through having 
 been inoculated with a poisonous virus. i si 
 ho i a si tak i ? Are his designs good or bad ? 
 kam-chau oi koi peh tftk ; liquorice is an anti- 
 dote to all sorts of poisons. kira-ngftn-hue 
 lek-tau si 6i sio tak kai mueh ; honeysuckles 
 and peas will dissipate poison that is in the 
 system. tak thang; poisonous reptiles. ng6 
 tak ; all sorts of poisonous creatures. 
 
 — tam — 
 
 To bear, to sustain, to un- 
 dertake, to be I'esponsible for, 
 
 tam 64 
 
 m 850 13 
 
 to offer security, 
 ua kio hi tam-pp ; I will go bail for you. u 
 
 sim-mih su si lia tam jin ; whatever happens I 
 will be responsible it. i tam-sim cS,i ; he is 
 
 terribly apprehensive, tam-seng; to guarantee; 
 to warrant ; to insure. i m ka" tam-seng, lia 
 cfl ka" tam-seng ; if he will not venture to 
 guarantee it, then I will, ti-tiang ka" tara-tng 
 cia .su ? Who dare undertake this ? u su ua 
 tam-tai ; if any trouble comes out of it, I will 
 take the responsibility. lu mai" tam-ta" ua; 
 do not you fail to fulfill the appointment ; do 
 not disappoint me. tam chi, bo tam-go ; may 
 be delayed, but shall not fail altogether in 
 carrying out the arrangement. cie"-so" sng si 
 kbut i tam-go khu; it seems that \vq have 
 depended on him to our cost ; he has apparently 
 failed to carry out his part in the plan, oi co- 
 lli, i tam-seng cai tit phii ? If anything happens, 
 how can he sustain the responsibility he has 
 assumed ? ci kai tam-s6ng ra phu, tieh chia" 
 kai tam-sOng tit phu kai lai tam-seng ; this one 
 is not one who can stand as security against 
 loss to us, and we must ask somo one who is 
 competent to do so to guarantee it. 
 
 J&il^ tam 158 
 ^At 849 ~T 
 
 To obstruct ; to prevent. 
 
 tam-kph ; to retard ; to de- 
 lay, chia" kio i tam-kph raang ce ; please 
 slow off a little, tam-go ; to thwart by delay, 
 to put off. tam-go kau kue si-hau ; procras- 
 tinated till the time for it had passed, tam-ien 
 ke kui jit ; put off for a few days longer, kio 
 i tam ce, mai" khah me"; retard it a little, do 
 not do it too rapidly. 
 
 "ffi^ iam 140 To dip and wet, as a pou 
 5f^ 12 19 in ink. 
 
 bak cui mai" tam khah 16ng ; do not take to 
 much ink in your pen. pit tieh leng-ua° th,m 
 ke cek e bak ; you must dip your pen in the 
 ink once more, cua kbin-khin loh khu ikm ce 
 
522 
 
 DICTIONAUT or THl SWJLTOW DIALICT. 
 
 cu li<5 ; to dip the paper very gently in and wet 
 it through will suffice. mln-p6 khieh 16h ctii 
 t^ng tarn i t^m ; dip the towel in water and 
 dampen it. 
 
 tkra-te To swell slightly ; puffy. 
 
 107 i kai min cp 61 tsim-te 
 
 tam-le ? Why is her face so puffy ? lien 
 
 phia''-li mua"-tI-ko 61 tam-t^ ; his whole trunk 
 is puffy. 
 
 ||i^ tSm 80 To swallow in morsels ; to 
 •Ixv 853 8 eat slowly ; to suck upon. 
 1 thoi" tieh 1(5 tUrn ii6a" ; seeing it makes his 
 mouth water. nmi° h&i i ai" li b6i tit t!eh, 
 
 to Ifim n6a"; do not make his mouth water for 
 it, since it is something he cannot have. k6. 
 kia" k6-kia° khua°.khua" tRm ; eat it little by 
 little. khieh ko-kia°-ni 1 tiira ; give him a 
 
 little bit to suck upon. ko kp mng khut i 
 
 t^m cok ue khu h'o ; she has sucked down the 
 half of the cake. 
 
 — tang — 
 |-t-| tang 2 The middle ; the centre ; the 
 I 105 8 heart or core of ; in the mid- 
 
 dle ; within ; in ; inner ; medium in size or 
 quality ; to fill ; to estimate a quantity j un- 
 dcviating. 
 
 tin-tang ; in the centre. n6 tin-tang tln-tang ; 
 just exactly in the middle. jit tiii tang; (he 
 sun is at the zenith, teng tio t5 thia" tin-tang; 
 the lamp hung in the centre of the hall. Itli 
 tang ti sim-mih i-su ? What is the exact mean- 
 ing of it ? m cai hu toi tang si co-iiI ; do not 
 know what is the condition of things inside. 
 1 chio tang b6 gftu nting ; there were no wise 
 men in the government. i kai to pua" tin- 
 
 tang ; it is half way to the center. nijlk tang 
 bo nfmg; there is no one in view, khfong-pha 
 bwn tang cu cdk ; fearful that the undesii-able 
 one among ten thousand may come to him. 
 ci'a pell tang swn bo cek ; not one in a hundred 
 is chosen. tang to hu cek cling fo khuah ; 
 
 the main hatch is the widest. m cai i sim 
 tang co-ni sie°j do not know what he thinks 
 in his own mind. du hi^ tang lai toli ; pick 
 one out from the middle. khi-tang u kiii kai 
 6i c6 tit; among them there are some that will 
 do. p&"g tang b6 ci'u, lang lau kheh ; if 
 
 there bo no wine in the pitcher, you cannot 
 well urge a guest to stay. 1 ke tang u kai 
 
 lS,u bp to-kp ; he has an old mother at homo, 
 lai tang ; on the inside. 
 
 ^^S tang 30 Alone ; isolated ; by itself. 
 -^p» 849 9 tang-h&ng c5i, cek nang iia°- 
 tla"; lone and solitary. khah kue tang-hang ; 
 too great isolation. tang tang si i to kp tia ; 
 
 he is there all alone by himself. tang jin, 
 
 t6k b^ ; a solitary horseman ; single handed ; 
 unaccompanied. 
 
 tang 75 The east ; eastern ; the place 
 930 4 whence light arises, 
 tang pdi"; on the east; tang hai ; the eastern 
 sea. tang-hng ; the east. c6 sal hiang tang ; 
 sit with the back to the westward facing the 
 east. tang-lSm ; southeast, tang-pak ; north- 
 east, thku die" tang ; blows straight from the 
 east, tang huang; east wind. chut j!p to si 
 kia" tang kak mng ; they always go out and in 
 at the eastern gate. tang p6i" chut, sal p6i" 
 16h; rises in the east and sets in the west, mp" 
 ki" tang p6i' p^h lio ; see the dawn of daylight 
 in the east. c{ kui k&i si tang-ie" ceng ; these 
 few are cups from southern Asia. cfa-cui 
 
 kku tang 1(5 sal ohiia ; so drunk that ho sees 
 double, i tin td tang mIn i)6i"; he lives on the 
 east side, tang k!e-lhftu 6i cle" ciii a bOi ? Is 
 the east bridge overflown ? 
 
 ^^ tang 16 The last or winter season j 
 ^ 931 8 the close, the end ; to store 
 up ; to fall into winter torpor; wintry, 
 tang thi'-st ; winter weather. tang thi' k&i 
 i-hdk; winter clothing. tang-ci; the winter 
 solstice, tang-coih ; the festival of the winter 
 solstice, ca tang h(5 a si mng tang h(5 ? Which 
 was the better the early or the late crop ? lin 
 tang ju-k6ng h<5 ; the last crop of the year was 
 the best. n5 kue tang-thSu siu fi jleh col 
 
 chek ? How much paddy did you harvest in 
 both crops? c£k kue tang siu u cia" choi" tk"; 
 at each harvest I gathered about a thousand 
 piculs of paddy. ci-hue huam tang, bd mih 
 seng-li ; it is now the dull part of the year, 
 and there la but little traffic. 
 
 *yf* tang 102 As ; then ; to decide ; to 
 ^1^ 857 8 manage, 
 cia si siang tang-jten kai tie ; this is speaking 
 of what must naturally happen. hu am tl- 
 
 tiang 1(5 CO tang-ke ? Who is the abbot in that 
 monastery. i si 1(5 siang tang-jien kai ; he is 
 considering the probabilities. h^ tang-si u 
 
 kai nang siang 61 ; at that time there was a 
 very competent person there. 
 
 TfL tang 8 A carnation or cinnabar color; 
 y \y 841 8 loyal, sincere ; medicines de- 
 cocted or distilled ; before a metal, answers to 
 an oxide of it. 
 
 bwn-eng-tang ; cinnabar. Hen-tang Hen sSng- 
 h'o ; the decoction is already distilled, sien- 
 tang ; the liquor of immortality of the ration- 
 alists, i ta" ue u tang ch^ng lak ; he speaks 
 with the "Utmost sincerity. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 623 
 
 taug-si A privy. 
 1035 i klm cie" tang-si ; he Las 
 gone to the privy. 
 
 Jt^^ ^iiiig ? Howsoever;, ■nliatsoever ; 
 |_Lk 289 4 whosoever, 
 tang lu ti-tiang ta", ua to j7i liau" ; no matter 
 who asks me, I shall not consent. tang i jleh 
 chio, I'la to iii-ui i ; however powerful they be, 
 1 do not fear them. iang i ai" siin-mih su ua 
 to lai cp ; whatever he wants done, I am going 
 to do it. tang i jieh pli kai cu, lia ai" tliak 
 kau pat ; however hai-d the lessons may be, I 
 shall study till 1 learn them. 
 
 tang 140 tang-su; those who discern 
 
 931 9 wisely ; leaders who influence 
 
 the people for good ; elders who rule rightly, 
 tieh kio tang-su hiie ta" cai ; must inform the 
 elders. kek lai si tl-tiang to co tang-su ? 
 
 Who are the influential members of the 
 guild ? 
 
 ^gj tang 203 To form a cabal or union j 
 ly ttV^ 858 8 a faction, a league, a clique, 
 ci'a si i tang tang kai nang ; this is one of the 
 same faction as he. phoi" chak tang ; sup- 
 
 pressing thieves. cia si chak kai u tang ; 
 
 these are what remain from the band of rebels. 
 i hua" nang to kak tang ; they are forming a 
 junto. tu tio ak-tang ; destroy the wicked. 
 
 •p^ tang 64 To prevent ; to stand in the 
 3W 858 13 way of, 
 
 eng chiu tang-cu i ; stave it off with the hand, 
 tang i m cu ; could not prevent it. i sai ndng 
 chut lai tang-ke, bo hiie ; she sent some one 
 out to receive the card, and did not see the 
 visitor. 
 
 tang 118 To await, to look for. 
 
 863 6 ua id tang lu ; 1 was expect- 
 ing you. tang kau kha sng; waited till my 
 legs were stiff. tang ce ; wait a moment, 
 
 boi lai pun a-no"-kia° hue tang lo ; buy some- 
 thing to take to the children when I go home. 
 
 tang 149 A birthday. 
 
 852 7 ho siu-tang ; congratulate 
 on a birthday. kim-jit si sim-mih iSu-ia k&i 
 Bia°-tang ? What god's birthday is this ? 
 
 tang 75 The highest beam in a house; 
 
 932 8 the ridgepole; a main support 
 in a building. 
 
 toa tang e°; the main beam. i si kok-ke kai 
 toa tang e"; he is a pillar of the state. t^ng 
 cit bue ; an ornamented ridge on a roof. 
 
 tiing 142 An egg. 
 
 851 5 ah tkng ; duck's eggs, phtlo 
 tang ; eggs encased in clay. kiam t^ng ; 
 
 pickled eggs. 
 
 *^^ tang 102 To swindle ; to deceive ; a 
 ^^ 857 8 basis ; safe; proper ; secure, 
 tho-tang ; lin-tang ; stable, firm, secure. tieh 
 CO kau un-tang un-tang; must make it very 
 secure. i"-keug su-li kau lin-un tang-tang li'o ; 
 have already arranged it so that it is perfectly 
 safe, ni lin-tang kai su ua rli cp ; I will not do 
 what is unsafe. llo-li thd-tang h'o ; have 
 
 decided upon a safe course, lu thoi" tieh li thd- 
 thp tang-tang, via thoi" tieh li m thd-tang ; you 
 consider it perfectly safe, while 1 look upon it as 
 unsafe. tek-tang ; proper, right. lu ta" kau 
 i"-keng tek-tek tiing-tang ; what you have said 
 sets everything right. lia sie° li bile tek-t^ng 
 I do not think everything is yet as it should be. 
 i siang nS,ng kai tang lio ; he has been taken 
 in by some one. cio"-se° ta" cu .siang tang; by 
 his thus saying, he has committed himself. 
 
 ^J/jC tang 85 To chill by contact ; to bite, 
 iHh 1018 8 as frost does, 
 kha iTi ho tang tieh pia"-sng ; do not get your 
 feet frost-bitten. ua kai khf khut chin cui 
 
 tang tieh cu nng ; when cold water touches 
 my teeth it sets them on edge, chiu khut chin 
 cui tang h'o ang-ang ; my hands are red with 
 cold from being in the cold water, sng ce tang 
 chiu-hieh cii ng ; the leaves turn yellow when 
 the frost touches them. ci kiii ni kai hun- 
 
 kuah e-e khufc sng tang tio khu ; these last few 
 years, the potato vines have been repeatedly 
 injured by the frost. 
 
 tang 142 To sting. 
 
 769 11 chin-chie" phang tkng tieh 
 hje^-se", Iph khu he-ce-kje ; like the sting of a 
 bee, stinging as it goes in. hiet-kia° tang nftng 
 siang thia"; the sting of a scorpion is most 
 painful. tang tieh ti-kp ? Where were you 
 
 stung ? khut am-chi-mang tang loh khu tftp- 
 ce-tun ; when stung by a silent mosquito, he 
 starts. khut bun tang kau kai-10,u kai-lau ; 
 
 stung by gnats till he is all blotches. 
 
 Pi tang 72 The morning; daylight. 
 -tZ*. 851 1 cek tang; instantly ; in a 
 morning, i cdk tang cia" ce u khwn, cu theng 
 khi-hu nang ; just as soon as he has a little 
 power, he imposes on people at random, ngwn 
 tang ; the first day of the year. 
 
 tang 104 Chilblains. 
 97 8 kha chiu kua° tang ; hands 
 and feet have chilblains on them. kha kua" 
 
 tang ; chilblains on the feet. 
 
)24 
 
 DicriONinT or tab svtatott dialkct. 
 
 j-jl tang 80 Together; all at once; all 
 |HJ 933 3 united; identical; same; 
 alike; agreeing; sharing in ; to equalize; joint. 
 tAng le"; the same sjKJcies. sio laiig ; alike. 
 
 iTi sic lang; unlike. tang co ; sit together, 
 
 lung khla-khf ; live together. i""g clah ; 
 
 messmates. tang ut ; bedfellows. tang su 
 kill nang ; those doing the same sort of busi- 
 ness; those Imving the same interests. tfing 
 b(5, m tang lai ; the same capital does not al- 
 ways bring tho same interest. i no nftng gl 
 tftng pe tang bd se" kai, si tang-pau hia"-tl; 
 those two, liaving the same father and tho 
 same mother, are own brothers. n5 nang t&ng 
 khu ; the two went together. tang lai kai 
 rtlng; those who came at tho same time. se" 
 lai iTi tang ; they do not resemble each other, 
 tili t«0,ng, sfo I ; tho difference is less than the 
 similarity, t.li khai sio tfnig; a general resem- 
 blance, tnng se", t7i tftng phai ; of the same 
 surname but not of the same blood. tAng iQi ; 
 the same species. tang mia"; the same name. 
 n5 nAng tAng sim ; the two are of one mind 
 about it. tAng im,m tilng i-sA; of the .same 
 sound, but of different meaning. tAng ni kua"; 
 officers appointed in the same year, i no nang 
 cotAng-ni; they were both born in the same 
 year, kio i si tAng pang ; is of tho same class 
 as he. cp-pu tAng kam tAng kho; sharing tho 
 same joys and sorrows. i si tAng i a si lAng 
 lu? Does he affiliate with him or with you? 
 tang hie"-li ; fellow villagers. 
 
 ^El tAng 167 Copper, or brass ; brazen. 
 .^rJ 934 p6h tAng ; brass. Ang 
 
 tang; copper. tAngkhi; bra.ss ware. tang 
 clie"; verdigris. tang ngun ; counterfeit 
 
 money. tAng sua"; copper wire. tAng pph ; 
 sheets of copper. tAng ti'a" ; a copper kettle. 
 tAng ue ; a brass saucepan. tAng pua°; a brass 
 salver. tAng tii; brass chop-sticks. tfing 
 min-ph\iu ; brass wash-basin. tang teng ; 
 
 copper tacks. tAngteh; bronze paper-weight, 
 cliau tAng-sang; smells of copper; purse-proud. 
 tAng poi" in kai ; printed on copper type. 
 tAug si ;'fine copper wire. hui tAng ;'old 
 
 copper, cu tAng p6i°; cast copper type. tAng- 
 16 ; a gong. tAng ci"; copper cash, sic" tAng 
 kAi ; plated with copper, kl" tang kAi ; brass 
 rimmed, ai" ki tang a m ? Do you want a fine 
 line of brass around it ? 
 
 ^^ tang 118 A tube, a pipe, a cylinder. 
 |l^| 935 6 in tang ; a chimney, hnn- 
 tAug; a tobacco pipe. punho-tAng; blow 
 
 a horn as a signal, tek tAng ; a section of the 
 trunk of a bamboo used as a measure, and 
 
 holding a pint. jl cftp tang cek tan ; twenty 
 pints make a peck. cek tAng hi ji-cap ci"; a 
 measure of rice is twenty cash. cia"-hu tAn<' ; 
 the standard pint, dry measure. bi tang; 
 
 a pint measure, for measuring rice. huang 
 
 tAng; an envelope for letters. cho pit kai pit 
 tang; a cylindrical vase used to hold pens. 
 peh-hue-tAng ; a kaleidoscope, hie" tAng ; hie" 
 sua" tAng ; a packet of incense. lAu-f Aug ; a 
 conduit pipe. si'am tang; short measure in 
 
 pints, pwa" tang ; half a pint, nio pe" tAng a 
 nle cui tAng? Does he fill the measure to a 
 level, or does he heap it up ? 
 
 tfing 180 The shank, or shin bone. 
 
 209 l' puah ctli i kAi kha-tAng- 
 kut; fell and broke his shin bone. ko-ca kai 
 nAng kAi"-toa cfii, liu tioh i kha-tAng-kut ku-& 
 chieh kui"; people of olden times were very 
 large, and shin bones have been dug up that 
 were several feet in lenirth. 
 
 tfing 159 The sound of thnnder. 
 
 2:^ 14 lui tAng; it thunders, thia" 
 ki" hiig-hng lui tfing; hoar tho thunder afar 
 off. ill bI i&i tang co-n! thia" tieh kio lui tAng 
 hio"-8e" ? If is not thundering why do I hear a 
 sound like thunder ? 
 
 ^^ tang 145 Tho lapel on the side of a 
 T7 398 ^ 4 tunic. 
 
 ci'a 8a"-thfiu lu thoi" sl toa tAng h(5, a si tit tAng 
 h<5, a si khih-khin tang h(5 ? Do you think this 
 tunic should have a lapel that buttons under 
 tho arm, or one that runs all the way to tho 
 bottom of the garment, or one that does not 
 quite reach the bottom ? kiia tAug-thAu kia**; 
 wear a small mirror attached to the upper 
 button on the tunic. 
 
 y^Q tSng 9 But, only, simply; whenever ; 
 |ili 852 5 as soon as ; introduces a sen- 
 tence, put tSng si cie°-8e°; but it is not 
 simply that. put t^ng no nAng, hwn u ke ; 
 there were not two person merely, there were 
 others beside. kha tSug lia tla" ? How could 
 I be the only one ? kha tSng cia su tia" ? 
 How can this be the only outcome of it? i hui 
 tSng ka-ki ai" lAi, hwn ai" toa pat nang lai ; he 
 is not only coming him.self, but is going to 
 bring others along with him. tUng ki° hiia" 
 nAng to khia, m cai si ti-tiang ; merely saw 
 several persons standing there, but did not 
 know who they were. tSng si ua co m lAi ; 
 but I cannot do it. 
 
 tSng 166 Heavy; momentous; grave. 
 108 2 6i tSng a boi ? Is it heavy? 
 boi tAng ; it is not very heavy. oi khin Qi 
 
DICTIONART OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 525 
 
 tJlng; sometimes light and sometimes heavy, 
 tang t-ai ; very heavy. 6i jieh tSng ? How 
 
 lieavy is it ? sa° kun tSug ; three catties in 
 
 weight, bo sa" nie tJlug ; scarcely any weight. 
 sS sim-mueii slang teng tSng ? What is the 
 heaviest of things ? in nlang tSng; lead is 
 
 heaviest, kim tSng kiie ngun ; gold is heavier 
 than silver. ci kai io tSng ; this is the 
 
 heavier, lu kai ngsui io tSng; your words have 
 more weight. ju kia° tSng ; the farther you 
 carry it the more burdensome it becomes, chin 
 thoi jieh ting ; heft it and see how heavy it 
 is. m cai khin tSng ; do not know the weight, 
 tang cai ; a heavy load. tang eng i ; repose 
 confidence in him. tang jim ; weighty res- 
 
 responsibility, teh tang ta"; impose a heavy 
 burden upon. raai" teh khah tSng ; do not 
 
 overburden him. tieh teh tang ce cia" boi pun 
 liuang chue tio ; you must place something 
 heavy upon it and then the wind will not blow 
 it away. cho tang kai khang-khiie ; heavy 
 
 drudgery. khah tang, kng m khi ; so heavy 
 that we cannot carry it. mai" ta" khah tang ; 
 do not carry too heavy loads, bvvn kun tang ; 
 of immense weight, tang cue ; an aggravated 
 offense. cue tang ; the offense is heinous, 
 
 cang tang khwn hu i ; give him great authority. 
 m kau tang; not of full weight. Id teng thoi" 
 jleh coi tang sia°; you weigh it and see how 
 much it weighs. tSng-tang sia lu kai nang- 
 
 cheng ; thank you earnestly for your kindness, 
 tang kau chin m phu ; so heavy I cannot lift it 
 with both hands, tang kue mia" ua"; a case of 
 life and death. tang kue pang e°; more 
 
 important than the main beam in a roof. pe" 
 tang; a serious illness. pho tieh thim-thim 
 tang ; in holding it in the arms found it to be 
 of leaden weight; tang khu tim ; of great 
 
 density. khui tang keng ; shoot with a large 
 bow. tang ti ; important places. tang phah 
 61-cap; forty heavy blows. mai° ta° khah tang; 
 do not speak with too great emphasis. ta° 
 
 t5ng k§ ; wear the heavy cangue. tlm tang; 
 a grave disorder. tang ceh ; severe punish- 
 ment, cok tang ; full weight. tang chin ; 
 more to the pound. 
 
 3^^ tang 140 To waste ; to subvert; vast; 
 "f^^ 859 12 vagrant, unsettled ; dissi- 
 pated. 
 
 khuang ke tang sua"; ruin the family and 
 squander the estate, i kai cp su huang-huang 
 tang-tang, bo loi bo huap ; his behaviour is 
 most reckless, unmannerly and lawless, cf kai 
 si lang-tang kia^-ti ; this is a dissipated fellow, 
 ciu jit lang-iang tang-tang, m hau° co cia"- 
 keng su ; loafs around all day long and will 
 
 engage in no regular occupation. ti-hng 
 
 khah khiiang-tang, m kfn-kauh ; the place is 
 too wild and wide, and is not sung and cozy. 
 
 tang 19 To move, to shake, to stir ; 
 
 932 9 to remove; motion; movable, 
 eng i lai sie-hu cau-tSng; employ him to run 
 here and there on errands. tiam-tiam, m-h(5 
 tin-tang ; keep perfectly still, do not move, 
 chiu hieh eng kai boi tin-tang, tng tiam huang; 
 the leaves of the trees are motionless, there is 
 no breeze. ki° co tau ngS kai, a si ai" c6 uah 
 tang kai ? Shall I make it firmly mortised 
 together, or make it so that it can be taken 
 apart ? tia" tieh cu oi tin-tang ; if you touch 
 it, it shakes. mai" much i tin-tang ; do not 
 joggle it. i kai than a si m tang, ti-tiang ka" ? 
 Who dares do anything except at his nod ? 
 
 ^SjC tang 98 An earthen pot or jar, with 
 f^Aj 853 13 bulging sides and straight 
 neck, holding a gallon or less, 
 cho tang ; vinegar jars. tang-thSu-puah ho 
 kham tang; a certain small pot used as a cover to 
 jars, is good to cover the jar with. 15 cek tang 
 kiam bue ; put a jar of plums in pickle, koi 
 tang ; a pottle of chicken, presented by parents 
 to a daughter soon after she has borne a child. 
 
 tang 61 To dread difficulty or pain. 
 852 12 ki-tang ; to supers titiously 
 avoid certain times, names, or acts. kl-tang 
 cie°, kl-tang hie"; shun this, that, and the other, 
 with superstitious fear. i siang ki-tang cia 
 
 su; she avoids this with the utmost dread. 
 
 A^ tang 142 A tribe of aborigines, that 
 j-*-\ 851 6 once lived in Fokien and 
 westward ; it was a term of abuse. tang-ke ; 
 boat people. tang ke i ; tang ke phua ; boat 
 women. tang-ke-I cun ; a boat-woman's boat. 
 
 f^ tang 85 A cave, a grotto, a dell, a 
 
 tf 
 
 931 6 deep ravine, a gorge, 
 sua" tang chim cai ; a deep recess among moun- 
 tains, sien tang ; fairy grottoes, ci kai sua" 
 u ku-a kai tang ; this mountain has several 
 caverns in it. tang pang, hue cek ; the nup- 
 tial chamber, with its red candles, cieh tang ; 
 a stone cavern. khia-khi to ngam-tang hu 
 
 lai ; dwells in caves. na ci tang ciii khau ; 
 
 stay here at the entrance of the gorge. kka 
 hu tang toi-toi hoh coi li Io ; it is many miles 
 to the inmost recesses of the canon. 
 
 Tjnr* tang 112 Ballast, to steady a boat. 
 |J J 905 2 sua tang, cieh tang ; sand 
 ballast and stone ballast. cai cia hue si cun 
 kue teh tang ; to carry this merchandise is 
 merely more convenient than taking in ballast. 
 
h'2Q 
 
 DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 — tap — 
 
 ^^^ tup 118 An answer ; to respond ; to 
 |~t 841 6 recompense, 
 in-tap; to reply. i cp-ni in-tap ? What was 
 his response ? pp-tap i kai kong-lAu ; requite 
 his goodness. i u tap-in kiie ; he has given 
 Ijis answer. i tang sbi-soi cu tui-tap ju liu ; 
 from the time wlien ho was but a very small 
 child, he has been able to recite like a running 
 brook. tap-sia sin un ; return thanks for the 
 favor of the gods. hue tap ; to echo ; to 
 
 respond. cek mug cck tap ; question and 
 
 answer. 
 
 A/T) t&p 9 Startled, alarmed, frightened- 
 \J^ 692 4 thia°tieh tap-ce-tun; was start- 
 led when she heard it. kia" kku tAp-t&p-tun ; 
 vory much frightened. 
 
 tfip 
 8 
 
 ters down, 
 the rain. 
 
 % 
 
 173 The pattering of rain. 
 7 h6 tftp-tfip tih ; the min pat- 
 hs tftp-tap-kie ; the pattering of 
 
 — tan — 
 
 tau 10 To retain ; to detain. 
 
 873 9 tau-ia.u i n& k6; press him to 
 stay, as a guest, tau-kfa"; a son, a child who 
 remains, in contradistinction to a daughter, 
 who eventually leaves her father's family, tau- 
 kia" kah cau-kfa° 16ng.c<5ng poih nang ; there 
 are eight of them, including both sons and 
 daughters. i k&i miieh kio i tau pang kp; 
 
 kept his things in order to make him stay. 
 tau-lSu i m cfi ; could not persuade her to stay. 
 
 ■>I^ tau 68 A dry measure of ten quarts 5 
 ^Tl 874 the Chinese peck ; a simile of 
 size ; a wine vessel. 
 
 nS tftng c6k seng, cfip seng cuk tau, cfip tau 
 cek cieh ; two pints make a quart, ten quarts a 
 peck, and ten pecks a chaldron. nie cek tau 
 hi ; measure out a peck of rice. bi tau ; a 
 
 peck measure. si toa tau a si sfam tau ? Are 
 the pecks full or short measure ? ci'a si cia"- 
 hu tau ; this is the standard peck. ci khi 
 
 tau l&i phah hti khf tau cfik tau cia" cfip-si 
 tSng ; if these pecks were measured out in 
 pecks of that size, there would be about seven- 
 tenths as many. ci koi" pho kai tau-sek hd 
 me ? Do they measure out good sized pecks at 
 this shop ? i cf koi" kai tau nie khu io u 
 tau-thau ; they give fuller measure at tliis shop, 
 tau-kki ; a rod used to level off measures of 
 rice, tau-kki kki hd-hd ; level it off level with 
 the leveler. pak-tau ; a constellation contain- 
 ing four stars in Ursa ^Major. bak-tau ; a 
 carpenter's marking-cup and line. ut-tau ; a 
 sad-iron. 
 
 m 
 
 n 
 
 tau 9 To turn upside down, or end 
 866 8 foremost ; to subvert order, 
 ciah iSu, cu tien-tdn ; when one becomes old ho 
 is apt to get things confused. i c6 lilu c\X 
 
 Iftu-tien-tau ; in growing old he has grown for- 
 getful, tau ti; bottom upward, tien-tien tdu- 
 tau ; all at loose ends. tien-taa si hui ; con- 
 found truth and error, chui sfi mai" tau-ti ; do 
 not mislay them from their place in the series. 
 
 tau 64 To barter ; to exchange. 
 
 34 4 tau cl"; to exchange silver for 
 cash. tau ci" ph6 ; a money-changer's office. 
 t£u ua" kim ng^o ; exchange of gold and 
 silver. hin-khek k&i ngfin tau sim-mih ke ? 
 For how much does a dollar now exchange ? 
 tan cek kfii uang-pd cia" Gng cp kfti gueh ; get 
 a bar of silver exchanged for small coin, and it 
 is spent in a month, cia' chiah kim li jih-ngo 
 tdu ; pure gold exchanges for twenty-five dol- 
 lars per ounce. cia kim fo ke, tdu kau jl-cSp 
 ng(in ; this gold has more alloy in it and 
 exchanges for twenty dollars per ounce. hln- 
 khck kai c\a" siam sa-peh tau hwn-lio bdi b6 ; 
 now-a-days real ginseng cannot be bought 
 although you give three hundred times its 
 weight in silver for it. tau tph-kui°; the 
 
 table of a money-changer. 
 
 a{^ Uu 180 The brain ; the head. 
 Ql 617 9 ftu-tau ; the back of the 
 head, i &u-tdu-bue siu Ifti ngia ; her back hair 
 is done up beautifully. i c6ng p^ng ftu-tau- 
 biie a bue ? Has she yet added the Ningpo 
 coiffure to her own hair ? i kai Sn-tau pien- 
 pien ; the back of bis head is very peaked. 
 
 J^i^ tdu 180 The seat ; the nates. 
 ^ 929 18 i Eia khu kai tau khah khlo; 
 he bends his body too much when he bends 
 his bow. 
 
 tau 64 To pound or crush in a 
 
 866 80 mortar, 
 tau chui ; break it up by pounding it in a 
 mortar. kie" li phoi ta ai° tau cap ; the 
 
 directions say that the ginger-root is to be 
 pounded and its juice taken. 
 
 tau 46 An island out at sea. 
 
 866 7 hai-tau ; an islet ; a high rock 
 in the sea. Bua°-tdn ; a mountainous island, 
 tau-su ; islands. 
 
 jt^^ tau 118 To supplicate the gods ; to 
 /|W 866 14 pray. 
 
 khi- tau ; to pray. tau-cok ; to ask divine 
 
 blessing. tng thi" tau-cok; pray under the 
 open sky. 
 
DICTIONIRT or THB SWITOW DULICT. 
 
 527 
 
 tka 47 A nest; a resort. 
 
 37 8 CIO tau ; a bird's nest. koi 
 tau ; a fowl's nest. tu tau ; a pig's bed. k&° 
 cblu-ki klui coh lau ; took a twig in bis mouth 
 for the building of bis nest. " t^am to tau tdi 
 pQ ki'a"; stayed in the nest hovering her brood, 
 kui lio kui lau ; return to their accustomed 
 haunts. raueh lio i kai tau ; spoiled their 
 
 nests, ciam tan ; usurp a nest. phah phiia i 
 kfii cbak-tau ; destroy a retreat of robbers. i 
 bo tau cu boi cu cp cek e; if they have no 
 lurking place they cannot assemble. bo tku 
 
 cu b6 kp lip chang sin ; if they have no haunt, 
 they will have no place to conceal themselves, 
 kheh-cio tan ; a magpie's nest, hia tau ; ants' 
 nests, bo Ho bp tau ; without house or home. 
 
 rfcft. tau 117 To struggle for; to contend; 
 ^Jq 407 IT to rival in zeal for ; to emu- 
 late ; to do vigorously. 
 
 tau thoi" li-tiang me"; see who will bo quick- 
 est, tau phe cun ; paddle a race in boats, 
 tau sai cun ; a regatta. tau cau ; run a race, 
 sie tau hi ; rival theatres. ham no pang lai 
 sie tau ; call two companies of performers to 
 emulate each other. tau thak cu ; strive to 
 excel each other in study. 
 
 i^ll tau 18 To reach to ; to attain ; com- 
 ;j^U 867 6 plete. 
 
 tau-ti si cp-ni ? After all, what does it amount 
 to ? kwn-thai i kai loi-sio sim si ciu-tau ; the 
 courtesy with which he treated him was per- 
 fect, su-lf kau cin-ciu lau-tau ; arranged in 
 the most complete manner. 
 
 tau 9 After all ; well then ; indicat- 
 866 8 ing the end of the matter, 
 tau put ju hie-se° keng ho ; the other way is 
 not so good as that one after all. ci'a tau ia 
 pS lio; well then, let it pass, (a sufficient error 
 has already occurred). 
 
 tau 191 To mortise in ; to set a 
 
 874 14 tenon, 
 tau siin ; to mortise in a tenon. ci kai siin 
 
 tau khu khah khua"; this tenon does not fit 
 tightly in the mortise. 
 
 l^h tau 188 Dice. 
 
 ^>V 876 4 i no nang to puah tau ; the 
 two are throwing dice. le tau ; shake the 
 
 dice. lok tau ; rattle the dice in the box. 
 
 khah tau ; gamble with dice. 
 
 ^bft' tau 64 To take or go to ; to deliver ; 
 4>^ .876 4 to give one's self up to; to 
 Lave recourse to ; to agree on ; to consort with. 
 
 t&u bun-cu ; deliver a dispatch. )("-keng tau 
 mgng i kai c6k tfe"; have already sought out 
 and informed the head of his clan. jit ce am 
 cfo cu khu tau n& ; as soon as it is dusk the 
 birds seek retirement among the trees. tfia 
 khi sd hau"; agrees with whatever one likes ; 
 sycophantic. i ka-ki cu tau Ip-mSng ; ho let 
 himself fall into the snare. i soi" si chak l^i 
 tau-seng kai ; he is a rebel who has returned to 
 his allegiance. i tba kui peh nang lai tfia 
 
 hang; he led several hundred to return to 
 allegiance. i khu tjlu kun ; he has enlisted 
 in the army, i lai t^u to ua kp ; he came to 
 stop at my house, as a casual visitor. tS,u se" 
 b6 tau sf ; hospitality forbids the delivering 
 over of a refugee to death. 
 
 tSu 162 A road, path or way; a circuit; 
 
 867 9 the officer who oversees a 
 circuit or region ; a principle, a doctrine, that 
 which the mind approves ; rectitude or right 
 reason; the Reason or Logos of the Rationalists, 
 denoting an emanation, the unknown factor or 
 principle of nature, the way it acts in matter 
 and mind ; to lead, to direct, to follow out, to 
 go in a designated path ; a classifier of courses 
 at a feast, edicts, dispatches, gateways, walls, 
 rivers, and bridges. 
 
 ISu-thai ; the Intendant of Circuit, ci cSk tSn 
 kong bun ai° khu ti-kp ? Where is this dispatch 
 to be sent ? i sng si tng tSu kua°; he is 
 
 exercising the power of an official. tSu-li; 
 
 reason, propriety, what is evidently right. u 
 tSu-li; has reason on his side, bo tSu-li; is in 
 the wrong. cia°-tS,u kai nang ; an upright 
 
 man. liuam su tieh chong cia° tSu ; in all 
 
 things correct principles must be acted upon. 
 tSu ka ; Tauism. tSu-su ; tSu jin ; Tauists. 
 i CO su uang-tau ; he acts with rectitude. b6 
 tau hun kun t\-kau kok pai ; an unreasoning, 
 stupid monarch brings national destruction, 
 lo-tau toa tio ; a wide road. tSu thu to-fen ; 
 the way is long. tSu-lo teng bp cp bo keh ; 
 there are no obstacles in the way. to chim sua" 
 teng siu tSu ; in the recesses of the moun- 
 tains practising austerities. chiah tSu ; tho 
 equator. i khu chim su oh tSu ; he has gone 
 in search of teachers in order to study Tauism. 
 
 ■^^/^ tSu 108 A robber ; one who robs 
 |Tft> 868 7 openly ; to take by fraud or 
 force ; to plunder. khiang-tSu ; a bandit, 
 
 tau-chak ; a highwayman. i pak thau-tSu 
 
 nang kai mueh-kia" me ? Has he ever appro- 
 priated other people's things, either slyly or 
 forcibly ? pheng hai-tSu u kong ; to subdue 
 pirates is meritorious, tau-kua"; night-sweats. 
 
528 
 
 DICTIONIRT OF THE SWXTOW DIALICT. 
 
 laa 41 
 867 13 
 
 right. 
 
 Id h(5 kbai-tau 
 
 right way 
 
 To lead, to conduct, to point 
 out the way ; to induce to do 
 
 i ; you should show him the 
 kh;'i-tfiu kau m6ng-p6h m§ng- 
 p^h khut i thia"; set the correct method plainly 
 before hira. liun-tSu ; a district instructor. 
 
 -— -^ tau 140 Pulse, peas, beans, legumes. 
 
 H/^ 875 7 tau klioih ; peas-cods, tau- 
 jln ; the beans or peas tliemselves ; the meat of 
 pea-nuts, ti-tau; pea-nuts ; ground-nuts, tl- 
 tau m6h ; the thin brown coating on the kernel 
 of pea-nuts. ti-tuu khak; the shells of pea- 
 nuts. ti-tau iu ; pea-nut oil. lek tau, chiah 
 tSu, o tuu, pSh tilu, h^ tau ; green, red, black, 
 white and yellow peas. tau hu; bean-curd, 
 tau-a" ; a filling or stuffing of mashed peas. 
 16k-tau kp ; dumplings coubxiuing green peas. 
 tau-se°; tau-ge ; beau-pprouts. 
 
 tau 104 Small-pox. 
 
 875 7 chut tau ; have small-pox. 
 ceng tau; to vaccinate. tan c^ng ; vaccine 
 
 virus, tau cie"; small-pox pustules, ceng le" 
 t&u, ceng gu tau ; vaccinate with virus from a 
 sheep or a cow. tau tak ; the matter con- 
 
 tained in the pustules. ci ftu u ci ie" ceng- 
 tSu kai huap sim h(5 ; in modern times there 
 is this excellent method of vaccination, i kai 
 min poi°-poi" si chut tau, peh tio tau phf ; his 
 face is pock-marked, because he picked off the 
 Bcabs when be hud small-pox. 
 
 ■^i^a tau 149 A clause ; a phrase. 
 R^ 923 15 thak lai fi kii fl tau; read 
 with attention to the pauses. thak kliu bo 
 
 ku b6 tau ; read with no regard to the punctua- 
 tion, ku tau hd ; the clauses are of proper 
 length ; the style is pleasant. 
 
 — te — 
 
 or 
 
 te 85 To drain off the water 
 693 12 gravy from a dish. 
 
 am te ta ; drain off all the water from the rice. 
 
 te tio phph ; pour off the liquid and leave the 
 
 dregs. 
 
 W|^ te 85 To filter; to strain through 
 ii® 560 15 a cloth. 
 
 khieh kp pb lai te tio i kai phph ; take a cloth 
 and strain out its dregs. 
 
 ^^^ t§ 140 Tea ; an infusion. 
 JT^ 5 6 te cang ; the tea plant. tS 
 hieh ; tea leaves. te bf ; dry tea. ciah tS ; 
 drink tea. chong t6 ; infuse tea. cp tg; make 
 tea. pu te ; boil water and make tea. t6 
 ceng; t^puej tea-cnps. t^kwn; tea-pot. 
 
 tfi pua"; a tea tray. tS s6i ; a bowl for rinsing 
 tea-cups. te au ; a covered tea-cup. tg 16 ; 
 a small furnace for heating water to make tea. 
 t6 ue ; a tea-kettle. te tien ; a mat under 
 
 a tea-pot. te ku ; a tea set. te cun ; a boat- 
 shaped saucer. t§ ki ; a tea-poy. te hu ; a 
 large metal tea-pot. teth.ing; a cushioned 
 tea-pot. te piu ; tall tea-pot. te bi k\Vn ; a 
 tea caddy, te tu; a cupboard for tea things, 
 cek phau te ; a dmwing of tea. te ca ; tea 
 
 leaves left after infusion. sai te; pour the 
 
 tea. io ceng 16 lai ; pour out a cup of tea. 
 
 khftog te lai ; bring the tea. t6 kwii ; te ku ; 
 a tea saloon. te pting ; a reception room, 
 
 tg pho ; t6 lim ; a tea-shop; tfi hu ; the 
 sticks and stems forming the refu.se of t«a. 
 cha te ; to fire tea. puo te ; to dry tea over a 
 slow fire. t6 hue ; the camelia. te In ; tea oil. 
 tO-cf-kho ; a cake made of tea seeds, used as is 
 soap, te sie"; tea chest. ta" t6 ti"; the por- 
 terage of tea. chi t6 ; to test tea. tang ciah 
 ceng t6 Ho ; wait and take a cup of tea. t6 
 
 kheh ; a tea buyer, te su ; tea inspector, khl 
 c6ng tfi ; rare sorts of tea. mia" cftng tS ; a 
 
 famous tea plant. mia" c6ng t§ ; a renowned 
 variety of the tea plant. o-lSug te; oolong 
 
 tea. Bi'e c6ng t6; the small or dwarf tea-plant. 
 toa-pne te ; kang-hu te ; common sorts of tea. 
 cio chui t6; fig t6; two sorts of tea grown near 
 Swatow. ktii" sua" t6 ; the tea grown on 
 
 high mountains. lai sua" td ; tea from the 
 
 interior. ieh te; medicated tea. t6 ngi ; a 
 bonus, sang i b6i te ; gave him a small extra 
 fee. tS pau ; bundles of tea. khieh kp pia" 
 lai phue t6 ; take a biscuit with your tea. i 
 kai te si u in kai ; his tea is a neccessity with 
 him, t6 kai hiang thau hd cai ; the tea has a 
 very fine aroma. cf phan t6 chong chut lai 
 
 ceng min h<5 ; when this tea is steeped there is 
 a fine aioma from the surface of the cup, t6- 
 ceng toi ; the aroma of the cup after the tea is 
 drunk from it, ci phau te fl fiu toi ; this tea 
 leaves an agreeable taste in the mouth. ci 
 
 phau te kai hiang cu cheng; this tea has an 
 unmixed odor. t§ khng kii sit hiang; tea 
 
 loses its odor if long kept. te ciii chong chut 
 lai bp mih sek ; the tea has but little color 
 when steeped. te Iph kau ce ; put in tea 
 
 enough to make a stronger infusion, i pheng- 
 si si ciah kau te ; he is in the habit of taking 
 strong tea. Iph cek phau hd kai te lai chong ; 
 put in a drawing of the best tea and steep it. 
 ci kai nang lau kang- kiu ciah t6 ; this is an 
 old and discriminating tea drinker, te phph ; 
 the brown coating which forms on the inside 
 of the tea-pot. sin te ; lau te ; new ^a and 
 old tea. ku t§ hieh lok tio ; rinse out the tea 
 
DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 529 
 
 loaves remaining from former steepings. i& 
 aek ; tea color, a pale yellow. u te sek kfii 
 
 j'to-se me ? Have you any pale brownish yellow 
 crape ? *" ceng jieh coi eang te ? How large a 
 plantation of tea ])lants has he ? chun t6, 
 
 chin te ; spring teas and autumn teas. chai 
 16 ; tiah te ; to gather the tea leaves. tS ci ; 
 tea seeds. cek thiap te ; a dose of medicine 
 in the form of an infusion. tS ch& ; wood of 
 the tea tree, used as fuel. tS cha thua"; 
 
 charcoal made from the wood of the tea tree, 
 te thai ; a tea-pot having a strainer inside it. 
 cui pu kun, thng tS ceng k\Vn, loh t% hieh, 
 chong lio, me"-me" cu sai cheng-khih : raai" 
 liim tieh, him kii cu khah siap ; when the 
 water boils, rinse the tea-cups and tea-pot with 
 hot water, then put in the tea, and when it is 
 steeped, quickly pour it all out into the cups : 
 do not let it stand long, for if it stands long it 
 becomes too astringent in taste. bi kam te ; 
 coffee made by steeping parched rice, chai tS 
 kua; refi'ains chanted by tea-pickers, bu-i te ; 
 Bohea tea. 
 
 — te" — 
 
 te" 157 The heel. 
 317 6 kha te"; kha 5u te"; the heel 
 of the foot, khieh khi te"; lift the heel. 
 
 g^ te" 149 To feign ; to pretend. 
 fl f^ 4 5 te" kliau ; feign weeping, te" 
 SI ; feign death, te" pe"; feign illness, te" ut ; 
 pretend to be asleep, te" m cai ; pretends that 
 he does not know, te" cui; pretend to be drunk, 
 te" CO th6i"-i7j-ki"; pretends that he does not 
 see it. te" cp m kliu kai ie"; pretended that ho 
 •was not going. lii mai" to te" si te" liah ; you 
 need not pi-etend to be more dead than alive. 
 Bi cin kai a si te" kai ? Is it real or feigned ? 
 te°-si, te"-si ne ; very artful. te" tien te" sio ; 
 make believe he is insane. te" co siang ho ; 
 
 pretended to be friends. te" si pho hai-go ; 
 
 feign death in order to catch a pelican ; coun- 
 terfeit indifference in order to ge-t some-tiling, 
 le" kliu nang thoi" m chut ; so cleverly feigned 
 that the deception could not be seen, te" sieh 
 i; counterfeit regard. te" ai" phah i; makes 
 believe he is going to strike him. 
 
 •jri^ te" 64 To obstruct. 
 J^ 858 13 cp-te"; to put a stop to; to 
 impede ; to hinder. cek lo bo cp bo te"; no 
 
 hindrance during the whole journey, i ai" khui 
 liah i, si khut uu cd-te" tio klm ; he was going 
 to seize it, and was stopped by nie. ce cp.-cp. 
 te"-te" cu hiah kliiJi; being constantly iraped-ed 
 it stopped. 
 
 m^i 
 
 :e' 64 To squeeze in one hand ; to 
 565 gT separate the dregs from a 
 liquid by squeezing them in a cloth with the 
 hands, i kai chiu bp lak, te" iTi ta ; his hands 
 are not strong enough, he cannot squeeze it 
 dry. te° ta lio, phph sek tio; when you have 
 squeezed out all the liquid, throw away the 
 dregs. 
 
 — teh — 
 
 teh 32 To crush ; to press down np- 
 1069 14 on ; a weight, 
 teh kau bih-bih ; crushed it flat. teh tio ; 
 
 crushed out. teh i sit; press it down solid, 
 cu-cheh teh ; a book- weight. tang teh ; a 
 
 brass paper-weight. teh m kin ; it does not 
 press it down tightly. chu to, teh si n^ng ; 
 
 the house fell, and crushed some people under 
 it. Si teh tieh nSng a boi ? Was any one 
 
 crushed under it? teh tSng ta"; crushed undei* 
 a heavy burden. sin-kho kai nang, ta°-ta" 
 
 teh-teh ; one who has a hard lot, and is heavily 
 burdened. mai" teh khah tSng ; do not lay 
 
 on too heavy a weight. h5u-se" kia" 6i ta" 
 
 oi teh ; young people can bear up under heavy 
 burdens. 
 
 teh 123 A move in chess. 
 
 80 6 teh ki ; to play chess. teh 
 bp no pua" ki, jit cu am ; before we had played 
 two games of chess it was sundown. i kai 
 
 ki teh ia" i ; he beat him at chess. 
 
 — tek — 
 
 A^ tek 106 Real, evident, clear. 
 H -J 900 3 tek - tang ; careful, exact, 
 proper, rang kau tek-tek khak-khak; find out 
 exactly by inquiry. tek-tek sit-sit; actually, 
 tek-sit bp ke ; real, not pretended. tek chin ; 
 a blood relation. 
 
 /pV tek 118 Bamboo. 
 
 I -J 95 tek kp ; a bamboo pole, tek 
 siin ; bamboo sprouts. tek pho ; a clump of 
 
 bamboos. tek bih ; splints, tek ju; the rind 
 of the bamboo stalk. tek mak, tek cak, tek 
 
 kliak ; the sections, the joints, and the sheaths 
 of a bamboo stalk. tek poi"; a bamboo ferule, 
 tek chi<3li; bamboo matting, tek kho ; bamboo 
 hoops, tek koing; a dipper made from a section 
 of bamboo, tek tang; bamboo tubes. tliien- 
 tek n.^; the powder fo.und inside bamboo stalks, 
 used in medicine. ta"-tek ; spiderwort. tek 
 hii-jin ; a long bamboo pillow. tek sie", tek 
 lang ; bamboo boxes and bags. kui tek ; the 
 small glossy bamboo. chi-kau tek; the large 
 thorny bamboo. 
 
530 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 "hWt ^^^ — ^^^^ consort of a man, the 
 Hf^ 901 n proper wife, 
 tek b(5 ; the house-mother, said by a man's 
 cliildren or his dornesties when speuking of his 
 wife. tek-cu ; the sons of the wife, not those 
 of concubines. tek sit } the wife and her 
 
 children, tek sii ii co pii tlu me" ? Do the 
 
 wife and the concubines live together ? cla 
 
 Ri i kjli tek phai ; these are the descendants of 
 liis wife. 
 
 jtl^^ tek CO Moral excellence; virtue; 
 |i|lt> 871 12 goodness ; to benefit others. 
 jiii-tek ; beneficence. kia" jln-tek ; do good, 
 
 fi tek kai naiig ciu" ku tit cia hok ; he who is 
 worthy obtains tiiis blessing. t&ng i c6-po 
 
 cek teK kau ta°; has been accumulating merit 
 from the times of liis ancestors until now. i 
 u CO kong-tok a bo ? Has he performed merit- 
 orious acts ? hia siin tek kai 8U i m lO; he 
 does not do what is a violation of the right, 
 toa tek heng kdi ntlng ; a most virtuous per- 
 son, kia" im tek ; do good secretly. t^i i kai 
 uii-tek; experience his favor. un-tek toa jA 
 thi"; hia liberality is broad as the universe, 
 m kd" buang i kA.i tJli tek; dare not be un- 
 grateful for his great benefits. tek-c6k k!p 
 kau ilu 81 ; after generations will benefit by 
 his example. peh-se" hue tai tek ; the people 
 increase in virtue. 
 
 ^ tek 142 tek-sut ; the cricket. kS 
 
 ]\^\ 804 11 tek-sut; to fight crickets, 
 liah tek-sut; liit tek-sut; to train crickets, 
 tek-sut lang ; a cage for crickets. tek-sut 
 
 kiang-kiang-kie ; crickets chirp. kio tek-sut 
 hiang thau-ning cek ie°; like a cricket sound- 
 ing tlie note of victory before he has begun 
 the battle. phau tek-sut ; to twirl a cricket 
 on the end of a string. 
 
 tIH tek 64 To employ in office ; to pro- 
 4 m 83 14 mote to place, 
 cu si i tgk eng i ; it was he who selected him 
 for the position. cfa si i a-pe t§k eng kAi 
 
 nfing ; this is one whom his father promoted to 
 the place. 
 
 Jt»a tek 9 To manage ; to attend to ; 
 I la 69 8 happened. 
 
 tek-jifc ; the day on which a certain officer is 
 in charge. kia"-jit lun tieh ti-tiang si tek-jit? 
 Whose turn is it to take charge to-day ? kau 
 to tek-jit; delivered over to the officer in charge 
 for the day. 
 
 tek 93 Alone, single, separately, spe- 
 872 6 cial, purposely, 
 put lek ; not only. put tgk si cie'-se"; not 
 
 M 
 
 only so. t6k-ti ; specially ; on purpose, tia si 
 tSk-tl \^i kA,i ; I am come with a special object, 
 tek-tl ham kai nang khu ; sent a man pur- 
 posely, ua tSk-tek lai chue lu ; I came with 
 no other object than that of finding you. tek 
 cf ; a special edict ; an order given for this 
 single purpose. 
 
 l£t{t ^^^ — "^ eulogistic scroll, suspended 
 •H^Pl 96 6 near a coffin before its burial. 
 CO cek pak tek khu pun i ; made a scroll and 
 presented it for use before the funeral. i ci 
 tng k4i sng su siu Q kiii cftp ko tek; they 
 received several tens of eulogistic scrolls during 
 this period of mourning before the burial, cie' 
 tng khu chia" kau-hong kai k^u-tdk lai a bOe ? 
 Has the scroll which they lately asked for, 
 containing a title of nobility for deceased 
 parents, yet arrived P 
 
 t<*k 66 An opponent, an antagonist ; 
 
 902 11 a match, a competitor ; an 
 enemy, a foe ; an equal ; to withstand ; to fight; 
 to compete; to strive for mastery, 
 chiu-tek ; an enemy, i hia"-ti-kfa" jA chlu-tik 
 hie'-se"; the brothers are at sword's points with 
 each other, tiii-tek ; inimical, i ili ka° kio i 
 tui-tek; she dare net oppose him. n6 nang t<5 
 tiii-tek; the two are antagonistic. tek-kok; 
 the enemy's country. t6k tit cQ, a tfik m cti ? 
 Can you successfully withstand them or not? 
 t§k-chfu; a competitor or opponent, ktia" put 
 t^k ceng ; one alone cannot resist the many, 
 si-lak put tfik ; unequaled force, ni ka" kio i 
 t^k ; dare not compete with him. kio i tek b6 
 ia"; is no match for him. i t6k i m kiie ; she 
 could not successfully contend against him. 
 sit-cSi si nge tek ; is indeed a staunch foe. 
 thi° e bo tSk ; has not an equal in the world, 
 chiah chfu chiah tSk ; violent altercation ; on 
 the point of fighting. 
 
 t^k 198 The deer. 
 
 562 t6k nek ; venison, t^k j6ngj 
 antlere of the deer, used in medicine. tek 
 
 kun ; sinews of the deer. hue hue t§k ; the 
 
 spotted deer. phah ciah tek, pun bo si ni'e 
 
 nek ; when a deer is killed each hunter gets 
 barely a quarter of a pound of meat as his 
 share. kia° kue leng tek ; more agile than a 
 wild dear. tek pia"; biscuits shaped like a 
 
 deer's head, tek biie pa; deer's tails, tek sieh 
 hueh ; loves it as a deer loves his life. a° tieh 
 tek-kfa"; catch a fawn ; cheat a greenhorn. 
 
 tdk 118 A fife or flute. 
 902 5 pun hue°-tek ; play the flute, 
 so- tek ; a Soochow flute. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 631 
 
 — teng— 
 
 Tteng 1 An individaal; an adalt; a 
 903 1 grown person, 
 n&ng teng; people, cie nung-teng phai ci"; ap- 
 portion the amount to be contributed accord- 
 ing to the number of contributors. sa" teng 
 thiu no ; make a conscription, taking two out 
 of three. no teng thin cek ; levy, taking one 
 of every two persons. s6ng-teiig ; has reached 
 his majority, and is over fifteen years old. 
 bue seug leng; still a minor. pia°-teng ; 
 
 soldiers. teng pe iu ; in mourning for a fa- 
 
 ther, ca mng teng iu ; the morning and 
 evening mourning in a recently bereaved 
 family, teng-hie"; cloves. teng-hie° cio ; the 
 clove-bird. teng-hie" hue ; the lilac. ci-hue 
 ti-teng ; cubebs. ti-teng ci°-nie ; the land 
 
 revenue estimated in money. chut teng ; 
 
 have posterity. ci ke ISi ci kiii ni chut teng 
 cSi ; this family has multiplied rapidly these 
 last few years, chai teng heng-uang; multiply 
 and prosper. cfa si pii-kui chai teng coi kai 
 ti ; this is a prosperous and prolific region. 
 chut Ima" kai au teng; products few and worth- 
 less, u teng ; the supernumeraries in an army. 
 
 \it^ teng 105 To ascend ; to step up ; to 
 .^Zt. 862 7 attain; at the time; to com- 
 mence ; to start ; to record ; to note. 
 ki'a"-jit si chong-iang coih, oo-pu lai khu teng 
 kau ; to day is the ninth of the ninth month, 
 let us go together and ascend the heights. i 
 teng-si cu cai ; he will presently discover it. 
 ngo cu teng khue ; five sons succeeded at the 
 examinations. huang-ti teng kSk ; the em- 
 
 peror began to reign. sui-si teng-ki" cia° boi 
 111 it-tit; make a note of it at once then you 
 •will not forget it. 
 
 j^KT* te"g 1^ -A. nail ; a epike ; a bolt. 
 J^J 904 2 thih teng ; iron nails, k(5 
 teng ; round headed nails. ho-khi teng ; a 
 
 clamp. tang teng ; brass nails. lo-si teng ; 
 screws, toa thih teng; spikes. hue-g§ teng; 
 tacks. kiahteng; brads. 16ih teng ; nails 
 having heads. h^ 16ih kai teng ; nails with- 
 out heads. chie" toi" c3.i, thih teng teng m 
 loh ; the wall is very hard, I cannot drive the 
 nail into it. teng kiu ; a ball covered with 
 spikes, used by a spirit-medium to tear his 
 flesh. teng chag; a bed covered with spikes 
 on which demoniacs roll. 
 
 teng 104 A swelling or hardness of 
 |2^ 75 15 the abdomen, supposed to 
 proceed from calculi or derangement of the 
 viscera. 
 
 cfa pe° si teng-kfa" a si tham-kak ? Is- this 
 biliary calculus, or obstructions in the colon ? 
 i kai ngio se" ngio-teng ; their cat lias cat-dis- 
 temper. 
 
 Q^^ n"T teng-lgng To reiterate orders. 
 •^^ ''^J 637 ua co-ni teng-leng cok- 
 hu Iu; how many times have I enjoined it 
 upon you. Iu tieh cai-sa" teng-lSng i ; you 
 must repeatedly and straightly charge him. 
 lia co-nl cap teng-leng poih teng-leng, i to j7i 
 thia"; however much I enjoin it upon him, he 
 pays no heed to my orders. 
 
 mteng 60 To seek ; to hunt up ; to in- 
 74 12 quire after; to levy, as taxes, 
 ti-tiang-sl khui teng ? When were the books 
 opened for the payment of taxes ? thong kui" 
 cek nl teng siu u jSeh coi ci" nie ? What is the 
 revenue from the duties and taxes throughout 
 the district during one year ? ciu jit teng- 
 
 tok tieh kang-kho cSi ; has wearied me greatly 
 by his hanging around here all day. cek jifc 
 teng-teng t6k-t6k kai su sim coi ; have a great 
 many interruptions during the day from per- 
 sons coming or sending for something. 
 
 ^-V* teng 104 Boils with nail-like heads. 
 /-I 904 2 se" teng chng; has syphi- 
 litic ulcers. ci ie° ieh oi poih chut teng kai 
 tak ; thi-j medicine will draw the poison from 
 syphilitic sores. 
 
 ji^^ teng 86 A lamp ; a lantern. 
 AjS^ 863 12 tfam teng; light a lamp. 
 teng-nang; a lantern. teng kiie khu ; the 
 
 lamp has gone out. pun kue teng ; blow out 
 the lamp, lo teng; a street lamp. h'am thi" 
 teng; a lamp hung out by a votary to attract 
 the attention of the gods. sia thi° teng ; a 
 
 lantern hung aloft as a sign of thanksgiving 
 to a god, or in fulfillment of a vow. ie° teng ; 
 foreign lamps, se teng ; gauze lanterns, toh 
 teng ; a table lamp, teng-tau ; a lamp with a 
 square glass shade, keng teng ; an octagonal, 
 ornamented lamp, with legs. llu-ll teng ; a 
 
 strass lamp. po-li teng ; a glass lamp, teng 
 chiu ; a stand like a candlestick on which the 
 oil-cup of a lamp is placed. tah piah teng ; a 
 wall lamp. chiu teng; a hand lamp. teng 
 am ; a small spherical night-lamp. mang 
 
 teng; a lamp that draws in mosquitoes, and 
 destroys them. teng kheng ; a small oblong 
 night-lamp. cu teng ; a student's lamp, cau 
 be teng; a toy in which the shadows of revolv- 
 ing puppets are cast on a screen. khong- 
 meng teng; a toy balloon with a lamp in it. 
 huang teng ; hun teng ; an opium lamp. sin 
 
532 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 tenpf ; a lamp burned before the gods. teng 
 (.'ua"; tlie oil-cup of a lamp, teng thie ; a pick 
 used in raising the wick in a lamp, teng sim; 
 lamp-wick. teng thie kng ce ; raise the wick 
 a little so as to make a brighter light. teng- 
 pua"; a tamp tray. teng khara ; the screen of 
 an opium or night-lamp. ci ki teng si tfam 
 lan-iu a si t»am hiie-lu ? Do yo>a burn pea-nut 
 oil or kerosene in this lamp? ca cai teng si 
 hiie, pii;? sSk i° to s! } if I had known in the 
 beginning that the lamp was fire the rice would 
 liave been cooked long ago. teng kiu j a lamp 
 globe. 
 
 Tpn teng IHi The top, peak or summit; 
 7>^ 904 2 the crowi; a knobor button, 
 adopted by the Manchus, and worn on ofEciul 
 caps to indicate rank ; a classifier of hats, cape, 
 Kedans, and state umbrellas ^ superior, a form 
 of the superlative; to substitute; to put instead, 
 sua" teng thTvu ; the summit of a mountain, 
 thau-khak-teng ; the top of the head, tl t^ng ; 
 wear a button denoting official rank. i ka-kl 
 iiah tio teiig-tai cle" png khii chia* cQe ; he 
 himself took off the insignia of his i-atik, and 
 dutifully went and asked for punishment, cia 
 st teng-slang kui ; this is the very highest of 
 all. tengtOa; the largest, t^nghd; the very 
 best. i ki'ii' khu teng i a-pe kai khueh j the 
 son went to take the father's post. kfa* toa 
 h'o bOi teng-86iig a-p6 kai khueh, rii phu; when 
 liis son is grown, he will not be incapable of 
 taking the place his father holds. ci'a si lai 
 teng mn,u" kh\ ; this is one who entered the 
 examinations under a false name. 
 
 ^ teng 115 To weigh; small steelyards. 
 80 5 teng thoi" jicli tftng ; weigh 
 it and see how raitch there is. lut khuil>-twig 
 up ; ojien the case of the money scales. li- 
 
 teng kui ch»n-che"; the bar of the money scales, 
 li-teng thui, li-teng pua°, teng pua" pph, li- 
 teng n5u ; the bi*ass weight, the brass pan, the 
 cords attached to the pan, and the two holding- 
 cords of Chinese money scales, teng tit chin, 
 bo khio bo bi ; poise the scale yard horizontal- 
 ly neither inclining upward nor downward, 
 luai" teng khah liu ; do not weigh too light 
 weight, teng khio ce ; put on enough more to 
 tip the scale downward a little, teng te, t^ng 
 cha, teng bi, teng iu ; to weigh tea, wood, rice, 
 and oil. chin-thau teng kau ; weigh out a 
 
 full amount. 
 
 t^tX! teng 118 Order, class, sort or quality; 
 ^VJ* 8G3 6 grade, rank ; to class, 
 riang-tong lip kai ; of the very best quality. 
 i,t(-te'ug tya; the very largest, t6i° ji te'ng^ 
 
 second best. thSu-t^ng; first best. biie- 
 mueh put teng ; goods in great variety. ho 
 
 khiap cOi teng ; many sorts, both good and bad. 
 hla teng ; inferior sorts. tong teng ; medium 
 grades. hu teng nSng si au nftng ; such peo- 
 ple are rascals, i ra si teng 6i" kai uftng; he is 
 not one who can be had on ordinary occasions. 
 hQam sO tieh in teng ; everything must be done 
 in its proper order. choi" teng hwn teng ; 
 
 numberless kinds. bu Q bam teng sam ho; 
 
 has varied occupations. i khau pai teng; 
 
 he failed in his examination and was classed 
 lower than before. kak teng ; every quality 
 or class. 
 
 teng 64 To thump, to pommel with 
 
 112 10 the fist, 
 teng tSeh i k&i sim-kua* thumped him in the 
 cliest. i n&i teng nfti phah; it endures thump- 
 ing and beating. t^ng tieh b6 bl bp so ; it 
 is of no use to pommel him for he is not hurt 
 by it. i till i li-kwn teng ; he kept on pom- 
 nieUng her. 
 
 At* t^ng 167 To nail; to drive a nail. 
 ^4 904 2 teng chim c6 cia' ngg ; drive 
 it deeper then it will be firm. teng pit klm ; 
 split it in driving the nail in. t^ng m loli ; 
 
 cannot drive the nail in. cang h6-khi-teng lai 
 t^ng cia' tijo ; take a clftmp and drive it in then 
 they will hold together. t^ug n6 sang kiah ; 
 make two pairs of clogs. 
 
 ±teng 1 In ; upon ; on ; by ; among. 
 741 2 t6 cieh t6ng c5 ;■ sitting among 
 the stones, khu thia"- teng chue ;• go and look 
 in the main room for it. khu sua"^ teng kp 
 
 chike ; go and seek it among the hills. pang i 
 sin teng ; put it upon his person. khieli to i 
 chfu teng; held it in his hand, pang to chn^ 
 teng y put it on the table, khng to sim teng ; 
 kept it in mind. ta" to koi°-thau teng; car- 
 ried it on his shoulder. cp to kha-thau-a 
 teiig; sitting in her lap. cha t6 ua" teng; put 
 it iu a bowl, tio to piah teng; hung it against 
 the partition. pak t6 ie teng ; tied it around 
 his wa^b. 
 
 ^ 
 
 teng 2 To attain,' fit; suitable. 
 
 105. 3 i bp teng eng ; it is not fit 
 for such use. ci kai cu teng lia kai i ; thia 
 suits my ideas, cm la si m teng i li sui i swn 
 kau teng i kai ; if this does not suit his taste, 
 let him select one that does, teng ku-jin h'o cu 
 teng cin-su ; having taken the degree of Master 
 of Arts, he gained that of Doctor of Laws, tl 
 cek se" teng cp^ngiSfu ? To which province did 
 the one who became senior wi-angler of the 
 
DICTIOKART 0? THK SWATOW DIAIECT, 
 
 633 
 
 empire belonp^ ? i mo" oi kau t^ng ; he hopes 
 to attain the highest degreo. in teng i ciah ; 
 not tit for her to eat. m teng i cheng ; not 
 
 suitable for him to wear. 
 
 ;^ teng 30 To sack, as a fly or mo.s- 
 
 _i 939 12 qiiito does, 
 kliufc raang t^ng tioh ; bitten by mosquitoes, 
 khub bun teng kaa cek sin ceng-ceng lau ; 
 bitten by gnats so that he is covered with 
 blotches. 
 
 ^^^ teng 167 A stirrup. 
 y V^^ 8f)4 12 be-tah-teng ; a stirrup. tl 
 rang cang kha-tlmu tah be-tah-teng, u nS.ng 
 cang kha-au-te" tali be-tah- teng ; some people 
 put the toe in the stirrup, and some the heel. 
 i puah loh be h'o kai kha khut be-tah-teng lap 
 to-ko, nang cu khut be to tliua; he fell off, 
 leaving his foot entangled in the stirrup, and 
 was dragged along by the horsei. 
 
 teng 167 An anchor, a grappling- 
 581 8 iron, 
 cuu teng u kui rang teng ? Ho-w many anchors 
 are there on the vessel ? pha teng ; cast 
 
 anehor. khiehteng; hoist the anchor. t^ng 
 khi li'o cu kia"; take in the anchor and then 
 go on. teng soh ; anchor chains. kia teng ; 
 lay at anchor. huang toa tieh pha ke cek 
 
 mng teng ; the wind being high we must cast 
 out another anchor. 
 
 t^ng 1.42 To sting. 
 
 769 11 khut phang teng tieh; stung 
 by a bee. raueh tio i kai chi cu boi teng nang; 
 if its sting is destroyed it cannot sting people. 
 
 .^^t- teng 
 
 :^ 863 
 
 chng pho i" 
 benches. 
 
 16 A form, a bench, a settle. 
 12 chun-teng ; a long bench, 
 teng ; tables, beds, chairs and 
 
 %i=\ t^ng 8 A roof supported on pillars ; 
 "Tj^ 907 7 an arbor ; a portiico. 
 t^ teng; a tea booth. liiwig teng ; a. summer- 
 house, poih kak teng; an octagonal pavilion, 
 hie" teng; an open sedan-like stand, used to ex- 
 hibit things in a procession, ho teng ; a shed 
 where travellers may take shelter from rain. 
 
 teng 166 A IJiyer ;■ a thickness ; a 
 
 108 2 repetition. 
 ii kui teng kSu ; several layers in thickness, 
 cek teng p6 ; one thickness of cloth, cek teng 
 cek teng ; layer by layer. cek teng moh poh- 
 poh, m ho thSng phila i ; do not break the tliin 
 tilni. teng hok ; dnplicated. teng-teng thah- 
 thah ; piled up in layers, sie teng thah ; layer 
 
 upon layer. teng th&h kau kwn ; packed. to 
 
 its utmost capacity, co iS jich coi tgng sa^-khb 
 khut i ; many suits of clothes were made to put 
 upon him. lu ciang-si cheng tgng p6 ia b6i 
 
 chin ; you generally wear only one thickness of 
 cloth and aie not cold. tdng ta° Qe ; reiterate 
 one's words. teng khek ; a new edition, 
 
 tengsiu-sip; newly arranged. 
 
 ■y-t teng 32 An honorary portal. 
 "^yj 133 4 chia" ( i khia teng ; ask an 
 imperial permit to erect an honorary portal, 
 cak-luiu teng ; a portal in honor of a chaste 
 and filial daughter-in-law. huang-siang su 
 
 kiia teng kim ; the Emperor conferred also the 
 money to pay for the erection of the portal. 
 
 > ^ teng 40 To fix on ; to settle ; to 
 /£ 905 T adjust. 
 
 teng-tii-teng ; just as I supposed; I told yon 
 so; it is as 1 thought, teng-tii-teng, si khut i 
 khieh khu ; as I thought, it has been carried 
 off by him. khut lia lio khu teng-tii-teng ; 
 
 it came out just as I had calculated that it 
 would. 
 
 y~^ teng 120 A seam which has opened ; 
 A^4a 12 8 to come apart; an inkling, 
 via ilioi" chut i kai phua-teng; I have an 
 inkling of it. i kai su phi^ia-teng h'o; the affair 
 has leaked out. i kai su si to ti-ko phua-teng? 
 How did the matter come to be divulged ? su 
 ce phua-teng cu khut nang liah lai ; as soon as 
 there is a hint of it, people will grasp the 
 notion. 
 
 >^>~^ teng 167 A medical preparation, made 
 
 ij^^ 905 8 into pastiles. 
 
 ci-kim-teng ; a medical pastile, used to rub on 
 
 sores. 
 
 m 
 
 teng 181 Personable ; erect ; tall and 
 
 346 4 straight, 
 i kai nA,ng teng-teng ne ^: he is very tall and 
 straight. kui"-teng kui"-teng ne ; has a fine 
 
 presence. no kai nang cOrpu kia", cek kai li 
 teng-teng ne, cek kai ku-ku ne ; they both 
 walked along together, the one erect and 
 personable, the other crooked and dumpy. 
 
 m 'IS! ^ 
 
 To rear ; to stand on the 
 
 hind legs. 
 
 i kai kau thoi^-ki" cii-nang ce lai, hua"-hi kau 
 teng kill l&i ; the dog seeing his master coming, 
 is .so pleased that he stands on his hind legs, 
 m cai huang, i kai be teng klii lai, nang cu 
 piiah loh khu.; was not on his guard, and 
 wheu his horse reared, he fell off.. 
 
534 
 
 PICTIONAET or TH« 8W1.T0W DIALECT. 
 
 — ti — 
 ^A| ti 106 Used by servants and inferiors 
 hV 900 ~8~ to denote themselves; a final 
 
 particle. 
 
 B^e ti ; T, yonr junior; I, your humble client, 
 peh-se" klm ki" kua" si cheng ka-ki co "sfe ti "; 
 common people who go before a magistrate 
 speak of themselves as "humble selves." ci 
 
 khi ^u si ii ti ; this is something that really 
 happens, si ti; what is really so; just that, si 
 ti pien si, hui ti pien hui, bd th^ng tk'; what is 
 80 .state as being so, and what is not so state as 
 not being so, and do not talk at random. 
 
 ti-tu A spider. 
 53 ti-tu ke' si ; the spider makes 
 a web. ti-ta tQi si; the spider lets himself 
 
 down on a thread. eng ti-ta tui si, tui Idh 
 
 lili; came down by a rope, ti-tu kit m&ng; the 
 spider weaves a web. ti-tu mftng ; a spider's 
 web. ho liah ti-tu kliu cuh tlo i k&i tftk ; 
 
 catch spiders and set them to suck the poison 
 from it. cuh t&k ho ti-tu tieh pang cvii k6 
 
 khut i tho tiik ; after sucking out the poison 
 the spiders must be put to the water that they 
 may disgorge the poison. 
 
 ti 9 Low ; to droop ; to hang down. 
 feN 877 5 ti sia"; low tones. ti th&u soi 
 Bie"; hang the head and ponder, ai' cQ l&i ki" 
 ce kau-ti ce ; if you like, let us see who is tall- 
 est, kau ti ; lofty and lowly. 
 
 nil ti-t& A trumpet. 
 
 498 pun ti-ta ; blow a trumpet, 
 chie ti-ta khek ; play on a bugle. 
 
 t^ ti 83 The third zodiacal constellation. 
 -X^ 878 1 ti sia ; U che" ; the stars of the 
 third constellation. 
 
 ^^\f a CO One of the five musical notes. 
 y^/\ 74 12 ngo im, si keng, siang, kak, ii 
 li ; the five musical notes are these. 
 
 Slf' *^ -^^ 0^^J> bat. yet- 
 /jits 55 6 ti in mua"-tl-kp il chfik cia" 
 ctiu khu hu-ko pi ; as there were robbers every- 
 where he lied there to avoid them. 
 
 ti 53 The base ; the bottom ; under- 
 878 5 neath. 
 tau-ti si cp-ni ? In the end what does it amount 
 to ? i k&l ti-cu lid ; he is of good stock. i si 
 sim-niih ti'-cu chut sin? What were his cir- 
 cumstances in early life ? ci kai kiii" si siu- 
 cfti ti, liu kai si k^-jiu ti ; this district magis- 
 trate became such from the rank of Bachelor 
 of Arts, and that one from the rank of Master 
 of Arts, cia mueh bo ti-ci j this is endless. 
 
 *& 879 
 
 76 The bole of a tree ; root, origin, 
 879 6 foundation. 
 i k&i Qe ta" lai & kun-ti, m pi theng ta' bo kua 
 bo ti; what ho says is well founded, and it is 
 not as if he talked at random and without 
 reason for what he says. c6i* mai" u k&i 
 
 kun-ti t5 k6; there was formerly a deep firm, 
 foundation laid underneath. 
 
 5K 878 
 
 64 To atone for ; to sustain ; to 
 878 5 bear; to get what one deserves; 
 to compound for a money payment by a lien 
 on property. 
 
 liah i khu ti cQe ; seize and take him to bear 
 the penalty of his crime. ti tit kue a ti m 
 
 kue? Will it sustain it, or will it give way 
 under it ? cia ue si l&i t<$ ti-thak k&i ; he 
 
 comes and says this in order to ward off the 
 consequences. cle" sio ii cheng-chd lio ; the 
 foregoing accounts are settled in full by a lien, 
 khiong-ui i ti-tng m cii ; fear he cannot bear 
 up under it. ti tlo jiet coi ? Uow much has 
 the debt been reduced by the lien given ? 
 
 t) 188 To cause to go, to g^ve over 
 58 8 to, to induce; to bring on ; to 
 hazard ; to regulate ; tending to ; indicates 
 causation ; an end or aim. 
 ti-sai kau i m lAi ; was the cause of his failure 
 to come. i°-ti ju chu ; that is the occasion 
 
 for its being thus. in-ui hie'-se" cia" ti-kaa 
 cie'-se"; it was in consequence of that, that 
 this came to be so. lia thoi" i ci kia" su slm 
 bI ti-i ; 1 see that he has his mind fixed upon 
 this, i ti-i t5 ci kia" su; he is bent upon this, 
 i ai° h(5, hwn ti-kau m-h<5 ; he meant well, but 
 it turned out badly, cie'-se" i cu ti mia"; in so 
 doing he hazards his life. tSi ti ; a resume ; 
 in general. tSi-ti 6i cd tit ; it will do in a 
 
 general way. in-ui i m t6 cii ti go ; it was 
 
 through his being absent that the project came 
 to naught. xia ia si u to hu-ko, cii boi ti go 
 Ru; if I had been there the thing would not 
 have fallen through, i ti u sim mih pe"-ceng? 
 What disease has he ? i k&i pe° sl ti kii kai ; 
 his ailment is one that he has had a long time, 
 cia cu si kang-kiu kek mueh ti cai kai su ; this 
 book inquires into the nature of things and 
 applies the knowledge to final causes ; this is a 
 philosophy. ci ko kai keng-ti sim ho ; the 
 
 arrangement of things here is very fine. sim 
 u i-ti; u i ii ti; presents evidences of design, 
 cp l&i Q i-ti; is made according to a system. 
 
 ti 122 To establish ; to make firm ; 
 
 60 8 to place ; to constitute ; to 
 arrange ; to determine ; to decide ; to buy ; to 
 lay in goods. 
 
DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 636 
 
 ifia Sin kten-tJ cek koi" elm ; I have lately built 
 a house. cj'a tieh cp-ni lai chii-ti cia" hd ? 
 
 In what way should this be decided ? cheng 
 ti-b6i ke-si cap niueh to cu hoh coi ci"; merely 
 laying in all the things necessary for household 
 use takes a deal of mone}'. kliu kau, ti u siin- 
 juih hue-miieh I4i ? On arriving, what goods 
 did you buy to bring back with you ? i (i sin 
 pu giia m kwn ; he cares nothing about what 
 does not pertain to his own personal affairs. 
 i ceng ti ke a hue ? Has he taken a wife yet ? 
 i cp-ni m ti kfii ke-Su ? Why does he not get 
 a wife ? keng i chiu ti u hph coi sua"-ngiap ; 
 bought in a large amount of real estate, using 
 Lira as factor. cia ti-hng si i chang-ti kai ; 
 this place was founded by him. hin-khek 
 
 kai huang-ti ti to si to pak-kia"; the present 
 emperor locates his capital at Peking. ua"- 
 
 ti kau thp-thd thiap-thiap ; located with the 
 utmost regard to safety and order. 
 
 m 
 
 ti 60 One who rules by his own 
 880 6 power ; a god ; a divine being ; 
 n sovereign, a potentate, 
 liuang ti; the emperor, siang ti ; the Supreme 
 Ruler, the highest being in the heavenly 
 pantheon. gek huang siang ti ; the august 
 
 Shangti, whose throne is supposed to be in the 
 Dipper, hien thien siang-ti ; the Ruler of the 
 Somber Heavens. hiap thien tai ti ; the god 
 Kwauti. bun-ti ; the god of Letters, bii-ti ; 
 the god of War. tu k6 kai ti uang ; the po- 
 tentates of olden times. huang-ti che"; the 
 Btar (3 in Ursa Major. ti-ui thwn khut ti- 
 tiang ? To whom does the throne descend ? 
 
 ^pl ti 72 Wisdom ; prudence; shrewd. 
 
 ^3 68 8 ti-hui ; discretion; understand- 
 ing, chong-meng ti-hui kai nang ; an intelli- 
 gent, sagacious person. i cap hun u ti-hui ; 
 he has good judgment. si ti iong sang chvvn 
 kai uang; is a person who is both brave and 
 capable. 
 
 ti 62 To carry on the head. 
 844 14 ti bp ; wear a cap. ti Idih ; 
 
 wear a splint hat. ti cang; to wear a high 
 
 coiffure. i u ti teng me ? Does he wear a 
 
 button denoting official rank ? i si ti to th^u- 
 khak teng lai ; he brought it on his head. 
 
 ti 85 A pool, a pond, a tank, a fosse. 
 
 63 3 mng kha h'u kai ti ; a pool had 
 been dug near the door. hu ti ; a tish-pool. 
 
 sia" ti ; the city moat. noi" ti ; a lotus pond, 
 eng-chai ti ; a pool where endive grows. i" ti 
 liu khah chi'en ; the pond made in the college 
 grounds is too shallow. phun coi" liu kai 
 
 m 
 
 tau-ti ; made a curved slope before the grave, 
 gueh keng ti ; the pool around the examination 
 hall in a Confucian temple. ti-ciii ti"; the 
 
 pool is full of water. boi ce ti-th6 lai ceng 
 
 hue ; bay a little of the mud from the bottom 
 of a pool to plant flowers in. ti hu ; fresh 
 
 water fish. ti huu"; the brink of the pool, 
 
 nan lai ti t^ng, ka lia ph siu ; let us go to the 
 pond and jou teach me to swim. ti ki° mai" 
 kia" khah Una ; do not walk too near the edge 
 of the pond. ti-hua" pang khu; the side of 
 
 the pool has caved in. chia ti ciii ; pump out 
 the water from the pool. n6i"-kak ti ; a pool 
 where water caltrops grow. puah Iph ti ; fell 
 into the pool, ci kp kai ti khut coi ; there are 
 many pools hereabouts. 
 
 ti 57 A younger brother ; cousins, 
 879 4 relatives, juniors, 
 hia" ti ki'a"; the two young brothers, lu fi kiii 
 ui leng ti ? How many younger brothers have 
 you ? sia ti sa" nang; I have three younger 
 brothers, ti-cu ; pupils, ngp ti ; sie ti ; your 
 humble servant. ham a-ti l^i ; tell the little 
 brother to come here. ci kai si i ksii i-bd 
 
 ti ; this is his half-brother, having the same 
 father, but not the same mother. cp hia° ti ; 
 be brethren. tang ni hia" ti ; men born in 
 
 the same year. pie hia" ti ; cousins, who.se 
 mothers were sisters. thang hia° ti ; male 
 
 cousins whose fathers were brothers. ciiang 
 hia" ti ; second cousins of the same surname, 
 cok ti ; a junior relative, of the same surname, 
 pau ti ; own brother. kit ngi kai hia" ti j 
 
 brothers by adoption. 
 
 ^=H^ ti 171 Official attendants ; attached 
 /Jvj> 624 8 to ; belonging to. 
 i to tng cau-ti kSi nang; he is a lictor who 
 precedes an officer's retinue, ti cu ; the square 
 plain style of Chinese characters. tit ti ciu ; 
 an inferior department whose magistrate is 
 directly responsible to the provincial govern- 
 ment, and not to the prefect. 
 
 ti 118 A literary degree. 
 879 5 kip ti ; to get a degree, i put; 
 ti tng-khu; he returned without attaining a 
 degree. si cin put ti, a si ke pub ti ? Did he 
 really fail to graduate higher, or is he conceal- 
 ing the fact of his promotion ? 
 
 ifcil-ffi "-^^ A tadpole. 
 
 %n lETT 424 ti gu c6k me" ai'-ai'-kie ; 
 
 the tadpoles squeaked all night. 
 
 Ant <i ? What; an interrogative; what- 
 |"J 215 5 ever, 
 ti-tiang? W^ho ? ti-kp ? Where? ti-kai ? 
 
■,Siy 
 
 DICriONAKT or TBK SWATOTT DIALECT. 
 
 Wlikh ? It-si ? When ? lu Jii" kliu tl-k^i? 
 Where are yon going, pang to tl-kp? Where 
 (lid you put it ? m eai i pang to tl-k6 ; do not 
 know where he put it. pun ti-tiang ? To whom 
 did you give it ? lii ti tiang-si ki"" ISi ? At 
 
 whivt time will yon come? tl kai nang ta"^? 
 Which person said it ? ticekjit? Which 
 
 day ? ti kni si-hau ? At what time? tl-liang 
 to ? Who is there ? ti-ka Q ? Where may 
 
 some be found ? i tS tl o6k koi'^ psing? Which 
 room is he in ? ci k5 kie-cp tl-ko ? What is 
 this place called ? ti jit 16h li6 ? Which day 
 was it that it rained ? 11 kl-v" plil"^? Wliioh 
 sort is cheapest ? tlkftingi'.i? Which one is 
 prettiest? td'ig k^u 16 tl n! cin" iii" \k\ ; wait 
 till the year, whatever one it be, in whicli you 
 come, i tiii ti v&k. tio lo khu ? By which road 
 did he go? i kai plio tl cOk koi'? Which 
 
 shop is hi< ? lu hi" ti le" ? Which sort do yon 
 want? jvi" pang ti cck pdi° ? Which side do 
 you want to put it on ? i to ti-k^^? Where 
 
 is he ? ti ka.i h\ ? Which one ia it ? m cai ti 
 kfii si ; I do not know which is the one. put 
 lOn ti jit to hd ; any day will suit. ui" tab tl 
 ciah cim ? By which boat are you going ? 
 cia si ti-ti;ing kill ? Whose is this? i b6 
 
 kfmg lia ta" ti kai ; ho did not tell me which 
 one. cang ti ciah chfu khieh ? With which 
 hand shall I take it ? ti ki to oi lai ? Which 
 knife is the sharper? ti kai I'o tn^ ? Which is 
 th<' longer ? si tl khi ? Wliich sort is it ? ai"^ 
 Gng ti c6k ko ? Which piece will you use ?■ 
 
 '%/Jj^ ti B5 To heal ; to remedy j ta over- 
 -% JTl 59 5 see ; to try, as a legal cause ; 
 to govern ; to rule well. 
 
 ti cue ; to try for crime ; to sentence or con- 
 demn prisoners. to tleh chia"-tl kau i chwn- 
 jii ; must doctor him till he is well. tl pe", 
 
 tieh ti tieh i kai pe° ngwn cia" vi eng ; in treat- 
 ing disease the source of the disease must be 
 reached in order that the treatment be of use. 
 put Idng ti ke, ien l§ng ti kok ? If one cannot 
 govern his own household, how can he govern 
 the kingdom ? cu> cheng co ti ngp tl ; styled 
 himself, your humble servant. ti min ; rule 
 the people. ui-ti; to cure. ci'a" slt-cRi bo 
 huap kh(5 tl ; there is really no remedy for iit» 
 
 •iX^ tl 162 To transmit, to send; on, to 
 3/>^^ 881 10 convey from hand to band, 
 to hand in, as a report to a superior, 
 khu ti-kui" ko ti pin ; went to the district 
 magistrate to hand in a petition, ti pfa thiap,; 
 handed in, a petition. ci kai bun-cu si ai" ti 
 kau se'-sla'^j this dispatch is to be sent to 
 Canton. 
 
 M 
 
 tl 82 The earth, the second of the 
 879 8 three prime powers, worship- 
 ped as Queen Earth; a spot, a place; a territory; 
 grounds ; a space ; terrestrial ; earthly ; in the 
 ground ; the base ; the support, 
 ti e ; on the eartb. ti min ; the surface of the 
 earth. tl-kha kien-ku ; the foundations are 
 
 6rm. tl-pp; aldermen ; those who are 
 
 responsible for good order in the wards of a 
 city, ti co; ground rent, situ ti ; the disposi- 
 tion, k&a tl phue khi tio ; dig up even 
 the crust of the earth ; extirpate the last 
 vestige of thera. i si png tl n&ng ; he is a 
 native, png ti ue; the vernacular, puah I6h 
 thd-ti; fell to the ground. hwn Q A *> ; there 
 is still some room left, hue kau i kai tl-po ; I 
 have not yet attained his standing in this, 
 thien-bun ti-H ; astronomy and physical geo- 
 graphy. cf k6 tiii-tui si tl sim ; this is exactly 
 in the centre of the ground. peh ti ; a white 
 background or groundwork, peh-li kiii p6 rn- 
 h(5' cia-fara ; cloth whose ground is white deed 
 not make a perfect screen, chkug tl ; the rice 
 fields, tl tie"; tlie lay of the land, kku hu kfti 
 tl oi eg kii cQ ra cai \i6 ; when one has occupied 
 a position for a long time he is not aware of its 
 excellence^ bp tl-hng hd pkng ; there is no 
 space to set it in. i u cfik kp hng-ll ai" boi ; 
 he has a piece of unwatered ground that he 
 wishes to sell. bdi kp chii-tl lili khi chu ; buy 
 a building spot to build a house upon. 
 
 — ti* — 
 
 ti" 137 To follow a course ; to move 
 
 46 15 in an orbit, 
 ti" to ti c6k to ? In what orbit does it move ? 
 tang-ci pi h5-cJ mue° jit thai-fang sd ti" kai t6 
 ke kiam hph coi ; the path which the sun daily 
 follows is of very different length in winter 
 from whatsit is in summer. 
 
 ti' 120 To bind ; bandages ; to wrap; 
 ., ,_^^ 46 Ts" to swathe ; to implicate. 
 ti° kha ; bind the feet, kha-tl"; bandages for 
 the feet. ti" m kin cu ai° hiJLi"; if you do not 
 wrap them tightly, they will spread out. ti" 
 thau po ; a turban, or head-cloth, ti" cang- 
 kia°-lp ; twist the hair in a knot. ti" tieh tio 
 sph ; get entangled in a rope. koi ti" tieh 
 
 tiiau-mp"; the fowl has got its feet entangled 
 in some hair, i e-e lai kau-ti" i ; he is perpet- 
 ually coming and bothering him. i kin-kin 
 lai kau-ti"; he comes with urgent importunities, 
 lai kau-ti" ku-a hue; came many times and 
 hindered me. i ti" kin-kin, kia" m khui sin ; 
 he clings about me so that I cannot get away, 
 tin tl" to chin teng ; the creeper twines around 
 
DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOW DIALBCT. 
 
 6S7 
 
 the tree, i cong-ku lai ti"; lie is always bother- 
 ing one. kha ti" chiu ti"; hands and feet tied; 
 hampered by circumstances, ti" iTi hku" hiah ; 
 will not cease from molesting. cia ue ta" 
 
 chut lai ti" sin ; this which you have said will 
 implicate you. lu co su mai" ti" sin; do things 
 in such a way as not to involve yourself, i si 
 t<5 chong-ti" nftng; he is involving others. i 
 ti" kha cak chiu co oi kia" ? How can he go on 
 with hands tied and feet bound? 
 
 ti" 85 Full ; replete. 
 
 576 11 mal" to khah tl"; do not pour 
 it too full. to kau ti"-ti" ce kia" cu ui ai" lau 
 tic; if you fill it too full there is danger that 
 in walking it will spill over. cho kau t\"-ti^"; 
 put in as much as it will hold. lau ciii ti"- 
 
 ti"; the tide is at the flood. 
 
 ti" 85 To rise as the tide does. 
 
 24 n ciii ti"; tie li"; the tide is 
 rising. hiu-ciii ti" a kho ? Is the tide rising 
 or falling ? hxu cia" id ti"; the tide is just 
 
 vising, ti" ke ku-a chieh ; it has risen several 
 feet, ti" khu c5i lio ; it is at the full. 
 
 — tia — 
 tia 88 A respectful appelation for a 
 890 "6 father. 
 
 si ua kai a tia ; it is my father. iSu tia ; the 
 magistrate ; the judge ; a respectful term of 
 address for elders or superiors. 
 
 — tia" — 
 
 tia" 123 To touch slightly; to hit 
 
 80 6 gently, 
 chiu tia" tieh hiiang-huang kiin ; it feels boil- 
 ing hot to the hand, rn-ho tia" tieh i ; do not 
 touch it. khi-khi ne, tia" tieh cu to tlo ; it is 
 tilted up so that it will be upset by the slight- 
 est touch. 
 
 ti'a" 167 A caldron ; a hemispherical 
 147 2 boiler, without legs, 
 hia" cek tia" cui ; heat an iron pan full of water, 
 cang tfa" ngau chai ; take the iron pan to 
 seethe the vegetables. tia"-kam tieh kham mi"; 
 put the kettle-cover on tightly. kueh tia"; 
 
 scrape the soot off the bottom of the caldron, 
 chiu tia"; scour the caldron. tia"-kia"; a small 
 iron pan. cha-tia"; a frying pan. ci kfii tia" 
 si se" cii kai a si thih cu k&i ? Is this caldron 
 made of steel or of iron ? tia" liu ; an iron 
 
 shovel used with a caldron. tia" b6 ; the 
 
 mould for casting a caldron. p6 tia"; to mend 
 a caldron, tiii tia"; ua" tia"; exchange a cracked 
 caldron for a whole one. tia" pit lio ; there 
 
 is a crack in the caldron, hue mai" khah me", 
 
 mai" pek lih tia"; do not have your fire so hot 
 as to crack the caldron. mai" tang kau hue 
 
 sie tieh tfa"-pak cia" lai co; do not wait until 
 the fire has heated the bottom of the caldron 
 before you make ready to use it. 
 
 I3gL tia" 123 A final particle, following a 
 ^0i 80 "6 verb and giving force to its 
 meaning. 
 
 (it tia" luh ; drink it lying down. lu khieh 
 
 tia"; you take it. m tieh co tia" cial), mai" 
 
 khia pang kp cii 1(5 ciah ; why do you not sit 
 down and eat, instead of standing round and 
 eating. hsim i thoi" tia"; tell him to look well 
 at it. a-no", lia kio lu pho tia"; come, child, I 
 will hold you. ham i khia tia"; tell him to 
 
 stand up. Ill ho to tia"; you should sit down, 
 lu tall tia"; you step on it. cang kua kham 
 
 tia"; take the cover and set it on. i tieh ho hu 
 tia"; he must pusli upward. mai" jib tia"; do 
 not press down upon it. 
 
 tia" 32 An area of level giound, set 
 26 9 apart for special uses ; an open 
 plat ; an arena used for special purposes, as 
 drill, gaming, theatricals or executions, 
 hne-tia"; a area made hard by mixing lime with 
 the earth, and pounding it level, i to co iam- 
 tia°-kua"; he is the salt commissioner. ph&k 
 chek kai chek-tia"; an area made for drying 
 paddy in the sun. cek tia" iam kliut cui lau 
 tio kliu ; the whole salt-pan of salt was washed 
 away, chii nnu-coi" kai tia" khuah-khuah; the 
 open court before the house is very spacious, 
 i kai chii u gua-tia" a bo ? Is there an open 
 court in their house ? 
 
 1^ tia" 30 To state to a superior; to 
 • I T 79 4 complain to ; a plea, a state- 
 ment; to hand in a petition. 
 CO tia"; write a plea or complaint. jip tia"; 
 
 enter a complaint before an official. i kliu su 
 tia"; he has gone to defend himself against 
 an accusation. ngwn tia", pi tia"; statement 
 and counterstatement ; complaint and rejoin- 
 der, siu ii jleh coi tia" su ; received a great 
 number of formal accusations, and of counter- 
 representations, kua" ka-ki chut lai siu tia"; 
 the magistrate himself came forth and took 
 the written paper containing the complaint, 
 tia" bo khap chok, m cai ii siu a bo ; do not 
 know whether a charge that h.as not a seal set 
 upon it, will be taken in at the yaraun or not. 
 ang tia"; an accusation written on red paper 
 and without a seal. sek tia"; a complaint 
 
 written on ruled white paper and sealed, 
 thwn tia"; a written charge, forwarded through 
 to the yamun on other than the regular days 
 
538 
 
 DlCTlONXnY OF IHB 6WAT0W DULECt. 
 
 iov receiving suoh papers. hJlng tia°; a charge 
 sent in to the yaraun ou the regular days for 
 receiving complaints. phoi" tSa"; to officially 
 consider a formal com])laint. jip boh c6i tie' 
 tia" hvvn-lio m cuu ; have entered ever so many 
 pleas at the yamun, and have as yet liad no 
 examination of my case granted rae. to ti- 
 
 kui" ko tia" khong ; have formally appealed to 
 the district magistrate. tia" thau sin, th&u 
 
 thoi", thau mu;^ ; entertained, inspected, and 
 inquired into the complaint all at the same 
 time. chau tia"; copy out a charge that has 
 been entered at the yamun. t!a" k(5 ; draft of 
 a petition, tia" ciia ; paper on which pleas are 
 written. 
 
 ^tjt tia" 167 An ingot or shoe of bullion. 
 jj^St 906 8' ngiin tia"; ingots of silver ; 
 imitations of ingots burned as offerings to idols, 
 khieh cek tia" liang-pd khii tau ; take a shoe 
 of silver and exchange it for small coin. ccik 
 kui pit lia° ju-i kai teng; lanterns that resemble 
 a pen, an ingot, and a brooch. 
 
 t*-* " tia" 40 Fixed, secure, tranquil, steady; 
 ,At» 905 5 used after an expression to 
 enforce it ; really, certainly, absolutely; brought 
 to a proper state ; at rest, set ; to fix, to settle 
 on, to decide. 
 
 cek tia" put 6k k&i ; fixed beyond all possibility 
 of change. pit-tia"; surely, positively. kio 
 i tia" kjii chin tf)-ko ; has secured a wife for 
 him. tia" i sa" peh ta" hue; made a contract 
 with him for three hundred piculs of lime, 
 khieh no kai ngun khut i siu tia"; gave him 
 two dollars to bind the bargain. i ieh tia" 
 
 mong jit ai" lai ; he promised positively to 
 come ou a certain day. ta" khu bo tia"-ciin ; 
 did not say definitely. bo tia".tieh ; not 
 
 exactly, hwn-h'o hue tin"; it is not yet decided, 
 cia 111 tia"; this is uncertain. i ai" khieh-tng 
 ,tia"-ngun ; he wishes to give back the money 
 that was given him to bind the bargain, chiin 
 si ui tia"; every detail is fixed by contract, 
 ciali i kai tia"-thau-ngun ; made off with the 
 money given to bind the contract. kai ngun 
 CO tia"; a dollar paid as security. ham i thoi" 
 tia"; tell him to look at it in such a way as to 
 he sure about it. thia" tia°-tia"; listen so 
 
 carefully as to be certain what was said. jin 
 in lia"; anj not sure that this is the one. i co 
 su bo tia" ke°; he acts in an irresolute way. 
 
 "PT tia" 128 A final particle, intensifying 
 «J ~| * 720 ~0 what goes before, 
 hu ini no nung tia"; two pei'sons were there 
 nud no moie. toa" i to co tia"; only he was 
 
 sitting there, c6k ku ue tia"; one word onl)\ 
 cek jit tia", b6 ke ; one day and no more, chun 
 si ngS iiftng tia"; there remained four or five 
 persons only, cek tng tia"; once and no more, 
 cek kai tia"; one alone. chun cek kiia tia°- 
 
 tia"; a half day only remains, slang sim bi 
 
 cie*-8e* tia"; this is the utmost. 
 
 — tiah — 
 
 tiah 64 To pluck, to pick, to pull, to 
 959 11 lay hold of with the fingers, 
 to deprive of. 
 
 tiah hue; to cull flowers. tiah ka'-na; to 
 
 gather olives, tiah kiie-ci ; to pull fruit, tiah 
 no kai sieh-Uu khji pun a-ce ; plucked two 
 pomegranates and gave them to his sister, ce 
 tiah cQ tieh ; plucked it off at one pull. tiah 
 in ; deprive (an officer) of his seal, tiah teng ; 
 take away his button, tiah leng teng; deprive 
 of the insignia of rank. 
 
 ^jfe tiah 149 To remove or suspend from 
 
 PIrJ 959 11 office. 
 
 tiah khu hng-hng ko co ti-kui"; removed him 
 
 to a distant place and made him district 
 
 magistrate. 
 
 tiah 64 To baste together with long 
 j^ 527 12 irregular stitches. 
 cl)(5-liak tiah cek cue, thi' lio cia" hoi cau-it; 
 baste it slightly across once, then when yon 
 sew it, it will not be out of line. soi" kai i 
 
 tiah tue n6 cam ; firet catch it together with a 
 couple of stitches. 
 
 tiah 128 After a verb gives force to 
 80 6 the meaning, and indicates 
 a transition or completed action ; at, to, or in. 
 a-n6° ciu-jit tah tiah ka-ciah ; the child tags 
 after her all day. i kai a-no" li m hau" pi, 
 
 ciu-jit pho tiah chiu ; her baby does not like 
 being carried in a scarf on her back, and is all 
 day in her arms. i ciu-jit co tiah i", t<5 sia jl ; 
 he sits in a chair writing all day long. c5 
 
 chut mng cu toa tiah sin-pi* ; whenever she 
 goes out she takes him along with her. i kai 
 ie-tp kiia tiah sin ; he had his dagger on his 
 person. 
 
 ^j^ tiah 85 kut-tiah; facile ; glib ; running 
 V£ 844 13 without friction. i hai" tieh 
 lu kiit-tiah ; it is not easy to get him to pay. 
 i k&i cu liam khu kiit-tiah kut-tiah, li-li liam ; 
 he recites his lesson very glibly, without any 
 hesitation, i ciu jit kut-kut tiah-tiah, li-li co; 
 he keeps on doing it all day long with the 
 greatest facility. 
 
DWnONAUT OF THB BWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 539 
 
 tiah 140 Water grasses. 
 
 901 7 lu-tiali ; hnlrwslies. ci kui 
 phnah tiah ue lai h6 ; these water plants, drawn 
 with downward strokes of a pen, are well done. 
 
 tiah 119 To buy grain; to lay in 
 
 902 10 grain. 
 
 tiah bi, tiah chek, tiah beh, tiah lau; buy rice, 
 paddy, wheat and peas. tiah jip, thie chut; 
 buy in and sell out grain. 
 
 — tiak — 
 
 p$-^ tiak 66 To sound the knocker; to rap 
 |niX 373 10 with the knocker on a door, 
 tiak mng ; knock at a door. luai" tiak khah 
 
 toa e ; do not rap too loudly. thia''-ki" mng 
 tiak-tiak-kie ; heard a knocking at the door, 
 hu khau kui mng ti-tiang li'-kwn tiak ; some- 
 body is knocking away at the outside door, 
 
 jSU. tiak 64 To torture by Ideating. 
 J^E 100 8 i kai ue ce loh t<5, cu liah 
 loh khu tiak no peh e ; if he fails to tell the 
 thing correctl}', they seize him and beat him 
 two hundred blows, cell na.ng tiak cek peh e, 
 cek nang tiak si-cap e ; one was beaten a hun- 
 dred, and the other forty blows, 
 
 tiak 30 To draw in the breath. 
 
 1014 12 tiak cih ; to smack the lips, 
 p-ld kau tiak cih; lauds it with audible smack- 
 ing of the lips. 
 
 — tiam — 
 
 tiam 112 A block or anvil ; a chop- 
 16 5 ping-bojird; a raeat-biock. 
 ci kp tiam ho, coih lio boi mih se" tiara-sut; 
 this meat-block is a good one, and after you 
 chop things on it, it has not chips of the wood 
 on it. tiam tieh kueh cheng-khih ; you must 
 scrape the meat-board clean. se" tiam ; an 
 
 anvil. i kai miii poi" kau kio niu-tiam hie"- 
 Ke"; his face is pitted like a board on which 
 buttons are made, tu tiam; a butcher's block. 
 
 iJt tiara 96 To disgrace, to injure; a 
 -f-M 895 5 flaw or defect, 
 tiamjok; to disgrace; to debauch. tiam u; 
 to defile ; to deflower. mai" tiam tieh ; tiara 
 tieh cu koi phua"; do not cliip it, if chipped it 
 will break easily. tiam khili khu; chipped 
 
 60 as to break a piece out. 
 
 tiara 85 To be a recipient ; to par- 
 [-4 43 5 ticipate in. 
 i coi" tiang-fti pat tiam kiie i kai Un ; he had 
 formerly experienced his kindness. bo khu 
 
 tiam-jiam i kai su ; did not get mixed up in 
 his affairs, kai kai to pat tiam tieh i kai hui ; 
 each had been a recipient of his favor. j 
 
 The upright post to which 
 the oar of a Chinese boat is 
 
 tiara 75 
 113 n 
 attached. 
 
 tan cie"-tiara Itii ko ; put the post into its 
 socket and row. 
 
 tiam 203 A black spot, a speck, a 
 >»)>H 895 5 dot, a little, a mite ; a 
 comma ; the stroke of a clock ; in mechanics a 
 point; the spot where the weight or ])ower acts 
 or touches; a particle; speckled, starred, dottod^ 
 to mark for correction ; to prick off ; to soil or 
 spot ; to light, as a lamp; to nod in assent, 
 cek tiam, cek phuah ; a dot slanting toward 
 the right, and a stroke slanting toward the left, 
 lu ci-ti'ara i thoi"; you point it out for hira to 
 look at. i ta" tiam khu co kua"; he is now 
 
 designated for office. ci hue kiii tiara ceng ? 
 What time is it now by the clock ? cap-it 
 
 tiam lio ; it is already eleven o'clock. tiam- 
 
 sim ; luncheon. ai" hiah ciah tiam-sira ; will 
 stop and take lunch. khim-tiara hang-lira ; 
 
 designated as a member of the National 
 Academy. cek tiam to boi chp ; there is not 
 the least mistake in it. lia thoi" i kai cu tiara 
 ta" khu ; I think there is an error in the 
 punctuation. cie°-se" i tiara thara cia" 16h ; so 
 his gorge is settled. eng ke ii tiam ci"; used 
 a little more money. i piia" tiam boi loh lau ; 
 it does not leak a bit. clmn tiam-kia° tia°; 
 
 have but a little bit left. ci pak ue tiam-jiam 
 lai ho thoi"; this scroll is tinted beautifully, i 
 kai min teng kui tiam poi°; she has several 
 sraall-pox marks on her face. lira-ci" ciii tiam- 
 tiara till, bo cha chi ; the drops fall one by one 
 frora the eaves, but do not fall outside the 
 gutter below, ai" tiam ti-tiang khu ? Whom 
 will you designate as the one to go ? tiam 
 
 mia"; to call the roll of names, e-kua ai" tiara 
 iong-cang ; in the afternoon the roll of braves 
 will be called, si ai" tiara khu sie thai, a s! ai" 
 tiam khu siu io-khan ; are those whose names 
 are marked to be sent off to fight, or to guard 
 the passes ? ho tiara ; rain drops. cek tiam 
 ho ; a drop of rain. tiara teng ; light the 
 
 lamp, kio ua tiam hue ; light ray light for me. 
 cek tiam cek lieh ; a dot and a dash. mS,k-ieh 
 tiam loh khu liang-liang ; when the eye-water 
 is dropped in it makes my eye feel very cool, 
 eng mak-ieh tiara mak ; take eye- water and 
 drop it in the eye. tiara cek tiara iu ; drop a 
 drop of oil on it. cheng-khih cSi bo tiam nah- 
 sap; very clean, with no speck of dirt upon it. 
 bue-hue-tiam ; hue-tiam hue-tiara ; flowered ; 
 speckled. poi" tiam ; spotted. hi-tiam hi- 
 tiara ; slightly flecked, buah hiin, tiam in-ni ; 
 pat on powder and rouge. khieh khu phah- 
 
AO 
 
 DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 siali-plio li'am i niai" lau ; take it to the shop 
 where pewter ware is made, and get a drop of 
 pewter dropped on it, to stop the leak. 
 
 rVt liam 53 A shop, stand, inn or tavern. 
 JfS 895 T nfn kai p6 tiam to ti-ko ? 
 Where is your stand ? ci koi" si kheh- tiara, 
 hu koi° si nie"-liam ; tliis is an eiiHng-house, 
 ami that a lodging-house. hA-ko khui koi' 
 cfu-tiara ; a restaurant has been opened there, 
 jit am cu khu chuo hiah-tiam •, went at dusk 
 to seek a lodging, tiani-ke bQe ceng gut ; the 
 inn-keeper had nob yet gone to bed. liara-cd 
 the tavern-keeper. u cek k&i tiara-phua chu 
 lai ciu-ciap naiig-khek; an old dame belong; 
 ins: to the inn came out to receive the travellors- 
 
 to keep oat of 
 elude search ; to 
 
 tiam ii3 To hide; 
 
 G35 9 sight; to 
 abscond. 
 
 Uam jni''-mi"; closely hidden. t\am 15 i chu 
 lai ; concealed in his house. tiara bd n&ng 
 
 th6i°-ki°; secreted so as not to be seen, ka-kl 
 li tiam-bua, chia" put naiig chut lui ta" ue ; 
 kept oat of sight himself, and got some one 
 else to come out and negotiate. ni cai i liam 
 to ti k6 ; do not know in what place he is 
 concealed. 
 
 ifH* tiara 99 Sweet or pleasant to the taste. 
 on 899 6 lu clah tieh Q jieh tiam ? How 
 sweet do you find it ? mai' I6h khah tiam ; 
 
 do not sweeten it too much. ci ie" tiam lai 
 kang, hu ie" tiara lai cheng ; this sort has a 
 strong sweet taste, and that lias a mild sweet 
 taste. i kai chiii tiam cSi ; he speaks flatter- 
 ingly, tiam kiie bit ; sweeter than honey, 
 ci choh h^ cia"-tiam cSi ; this fish is very fresh 
 and sweet. ciah tleh oi tiam a boi ? Does it 
 taste sweet ? i to si caug liara ngan kha g6 
 to kuang nang ; he makes use of honeyed words 
 and flattering speech to beguile people. i 
 hau" ciah tiam ; she is fond of sweets. tiam 
 lio pho; confectioner's shop. chue tiam ktie; 
 steamed sweet cake, tiam a"; sweet fillings in 
 dumplings, ci no liap tho sng tiam cSi ; these 
 two peaches are of a delicious acidulated sweet- 
 ness, kiam sng tiam ; salt, acid, and sweet, 
 tiam bue p6 ; plums dried in sugar. ciii ciah 
 tieh 6i kam-tiam ; the water tastes very deli- 
 cious, i kai nang tham tiara ; she longs for 
 sweet things. i mia°-ke co seng-li, ki"* tieh 
 nang chili tiam cih kiit ; he is a skilled sales- 
 man, and whenever he meets anyone he is very 
 affable, khah tiam lio, thng mai" cai loh; it is 
 already too sweet, do not put in any more 
 sugar. 
 
 ij^^ flam 61 Peaceful ; tianquil ; quiet. 
 IPI 899 tiam-ce°; undisturbed ; calm, 
 eng tiara-oe°; the waves have gone down, tlam- 
 ce", boi lo-eo ; placid, not agitated. huang 
 
 tiam, eng ce"; the wind ceased, and the waves 
 went down. ri kai ti-hng io tlam-ce°; this is 
 a more quiet ppot. 
 
 gJb. Ham 203 Still, silent, undisturbed. 
 i^\ 005 4 lu tlam-tiam, u\-h6 ta"; you 
 keep quiet and do not speak. lu tiani-tlam, 
 b5i ta ; you are silent, and cannot tell, ut I6h 
 tiam-tlam sie' to-li; laid down and quietly 
 thought of the doctrine. chiii tIara-tiara kio 
 e kai c5k le"; raoath as silent as a dumb per- 
 son's, hi" tlam-tlam thia", sira tiam-tlam sie"; 
 let the car quietly listen and the mind quietly 
 consider. thang jit tiara-tiam, chwn thia"-m- 
 k\"Q sia"; the whole day has been still and not 
 a sound has been heard, tiam-ti im c6 to pang 
 Ifti thiSi" eu; sat undisturbed in the room, read- 
 ing a book. tlam^S"; silent. tlam-ce° kai 
 Qi-chu; a quiet spot. tlam-tiam ciah, m-hd 
 
 ta" lie; eat quietly and do not talk. kra-ce" 
 tiam-tlam khan, b6 nang thia"-kj"; secretly and 
 steadily cried, and no one heard him. 11am- 
 tiam cl"-ce"; noiseless. 
 
 — tiang — 
 
 r^/fe. tiang 149 Who, whose, anyone. 
 p^ 781 8 cia Rl tiang kai ? Whoso is 
 this ? tiang ka° cio'-se' ? Who would venture 
 to do that ? tiang m cai ? Who does nofc 
 
 know that ? tiang tk" ? Who said so ? ra cai 
 tiang kai kia"; do not know whose child it is. 
 
 — tiap — 
 
 tiap 64 To grasp divining straws in 
 
 893 9 the hand, 
 tiap si ; to cast lots. tiap si si tiap tieh sim- 
 mih kbue ? What was indicated by the lot 
 which he drew ? 
 
 tiap 142 A butterfly. 
 
 890 9 lap-tiap; butterflies ; hinges 
 of foreign pattern. 6i si ai" boi tiap-thau kai ; 
 wishes to buy shoes that have ornamentation 
 on the toes. ai" eng thih kai lap- tiap a tang 
 kai iap-tiap ? Do you wish to use iron or brass 
 hinges ? ci kai iap-tiap eng kii huang-hai, tieh 
 leng-ua° ua° kai iap-tiap ; these hinges having 
 been used a long time are worn out, and must 
 be replaced by new ones. 
 
 tiap 
 891 
 
 91 A card or letter of introduc- 
 9 tion ; official instruction. 
 
 kai nang tieh eng kai tiap ; a card must be 
 
btdTtOlJART OF IHB SWATO^ DIALECt. 
 
 64.1 
 
 used for eacli person. Ung jieh coi ci" kio i cLfu 
 tiap ? How much money is required to get from 
 him a card to the god who is to be consulted ? 
 
 — tie — 
 
 tie 85 The tides. 
 
 37 12 tie ciii ; the tidal waters, tie 
 ciu hu ; the Department of the Tides, the name 
 of that in which Swatow is situated. tie tl"; 
 flood tide. tie kh(5 ; ebb tide. tie ctii thp ; 
 the tide recedes. siin tie cui, ng^k tie cui ; to 
 follow or oppose the tide. 
 
 lt*L *^® — "^^ shudder ; to shiver. 
 4"^ 874 4 chin kau to tie ; so cold that 
 she shivered. kia° kau hu-hu-tie ; shook with 
 fear, kua" kau t(5 tie ; shivered with cold, hu 
 toi che° tie chut lS,i ; rigors beginning in the 
 interior of the body, khut pak huang ce chue 
 tieh cek sin li-li tie ; when the north wind 
 blows upon me I shiver all over. tie m hau" 
 hiah ; cannot stop shuddering. chin kau khi 
 khap-khap tie ; so cold his teeth chattered. 
 
 tie 157 To rebound ; to bound. 
 
 889 6 tie-to tiig lai ; to-tie tng lai ; 
 to bound backward. kiu cuang tieh cliie" cti 
 tie khui lai ; the ball hit the wall and bounded 
 off. loh khu tie uang-uang kui" khi lai ; fell 
 and rebounded very high. 
 
 — tie" — 
 
 tie" 145 To pretendj to affect; imitate. 
 
 113 7 tie" ie° tie" sie°; to imitate 
 a style, tie" IS^ng, tie" 6, tie" che"-me°^; pretend 
 to be deaf, dumb and blind, tie" kau nng-nng; 
 to imitate exactly. tie" io tie" jio ; try to be 
 fascinating. tie" kau jien-jien ; imitate per- 
 fectly, lu mai" to tie" io-kuai; do not affect 
 to be other than you are. 
 
 tie" 57 A classifier of things in sheets; 
 
 22 8 to spread out. 
 c^k tie" ctia ; a sheet of paper, cek tie" chng ; 
 a broad table. cek tie" phue ; a pelt. ai" 
 cek tie" a ai" no tie" ? Do you want one sheet 
 or two ? i td tie°j he is spreading it. tie" 
 
 keng sia ci"; draw the bow and send the arrow, 
 tie" mSng ; to spread a net. tie" nS,u" ci"; 
 
 speed the shaft. tie" sa" li si ; John Doe and 
 Richard Roe, names used in law papers. 
 
 tie" 168 A chosen head. 
 
 27 ke tie"; the head of the 
 family. tie" p&ng; the family of the eldest 
 brother. pang tie"; the head of the eldest 
 
 family. cok tie"; the chief of a clan. pang 
 cok tie"; the head of the tribe, li tie"; one who 
 has control to a distance of one mile. cSp tie"; 
 the chief among ten. peh tie"; a centurion. 
 
 tie" 167 A fish-hook ; to fish with a 
 
 886 8 hook ; to bait, 
 tie" h6 ; to fish with hook and line. tie" sph, 
 tie" kp ; lines and rods for fishing. tie" kau ; 
 hooks, tie" tieh kai toa hii; hooked a big fish. 
 tie"-ji ; the bait. cang p6h he khu tie" i kai 
 o-iu-mua"; take white prawns to catch black 
 eels. tie" phph tim li m caichuah; the 
 
 bait sunk and T did not think to jerk it in. 
 i u lai ciah tie" a b6 ? Doe;i he take the bait ? 
 sek cSi, in ka" lai ciah tie"; is very knowing, 
 and does not venture to take the bait. chin- 
 chie" ngau-hu thut-chut kira kau-tie"; like a 
 grampus escaping a golden hook. ciah tieh 
 tie" lio khut i kvvn lut khu ; after swallowing 
 the bait he broke off and got away. 
 
 f^ tie" 154 An account ; a debt; a claim ; 
 
 [^ 24 ~8~ a charge; to reckon; to sum up. 
 tie" pang ; a couiiiting-roora. pang tie"; to 
 
 shave notes ; to let money. pang ie° tie" si 
 
 sim-mih lai, pang sua" tie" si sira-mih lai ? If 
 you loan money taking a lien on shipping 
 what is the interest, and if you loan it with a 
 lien on real estate what is the interest ? i kai 
 hang td tie" khu ; he has made an assignment 
 of his warehouse, i kai tie" pang khu coi cai: 
 cap koi" hang pho, poih koi" to i kp khieh u 
 tie"; he has many claims for money lent on 
 security : out of ten mei'chantile houses, eight 
 have borrowed money from him, giving him a 
 lien on their goods, phai ti tiang to kwn tie"? 
 Who has been deputed to keep the accounts 
 of credit given ? 
 
 ^3h t'le'^ ^ ^^ overflow ; a freshet ; to 
 yJJ\ 24 11 inundate ; to wash over, 
 lin ci kp oi tp-tie° ciii ; we are subject to 
 freshets here, from the backwater. ho ce loh 
 ciii cii tp-tie°; whenever it rains the water 
 overflows its banks. 
 
 m 
 
 tie" 9 To raise the head. 
 
 1073 4 tie" khi than khu mp"; raise 
 the head and look. i kai than bin kau tang 
 cai, cng k^i tie" m phii ; her head is very dizzy, 
 so that she cannot I'aise it at all. 
 
 or 
 
 tie" 57 To open, as the mouth 
 22 8 eyes ; to stretch open, 
 tie" khui mak ; open the eyes. chiii tie" kau 
 khuah-khuah ; open the mouth very wide, 
 mak tie" m khui ; cannot open his eyes, mak 
 m ka" tie" khui ; dare not open his eyes, mak 
 siap cS.i, tie" m khi; so very sleepy he can't 
 hold his eyes open. tie" khi mSk ; look 
 
 upward. 
 
r42 
 
 DICTlONAni or THE SWATOW DULKCT. 
 
 tie" 130 A tumefaction ; puffed up. 
 
 24 8 ceng tve"; swollen, pa lie"; 
 puffed; a sense of fullness as from repletion, 
 tie" niiia"; puffed up full, sio ceng-tie"; relieve 
 swelling, tie" kan toa-toa ki ; swelled up to a 
 great size. tie" kau tbang-thang; swollen so 
 as to be very tense. i6 tie" kau kuai-kuai ; 
 
 pot-bellied, tie" huang; puffed up with wind, 
 tie" ciii; dropsical swelling. 
 
 tie" 60 A canopy ; a curtain. 
 
 24 8 mang tie"; mosquito bar. t\e" 
 bill ; a valance at the top of a curtain. siet 
 
 tie"; to pitch one's tent. rating-tie" teng ; a 
 
 tester. sin tie"; a canopy over a god. tong- 
 knn tie"; head-quarters. 
 
 -fg^ tie" 82 An area of level ground ; a 
 ^^ 26 11 lot. 
 
 kah lie"; parade ground. cien tic"; a battle 
 field, huap tie"; execution ground. kam tie" 
 kua"; an overseer of examinations. bun tie", 
 bii tie"; the arenas for the civil and the mili- 
 tary examinations, kua*" tie"; official quarters, 
 titi cien c6k tie"; a great battle. chu lie"; a 
 
 building lot. tl tie"; an open lot. hi tie"; a 
 rice stall. hfi tie"; a fish stall. che"-kuai' 
 tie"; a fruit stall. chai tie"; a green-grocer's 
 stall. pai tie"; a losing speculation. cp sih 
 png kie CO pai tie"; when you enter into some 
 business in which you lose capital, that is 
 called a losing speculation, thong tie"; the 
 
 whole lot. tng tie" M cp-ni m ta"; why did 
 
 you not tell me at the time. cin lie"; jip tie"; 
 to enter as a candidate at the examinations, 
 to tie"; puah ci tie"; a gambling hall. hfiara 
 much cu cp cek e id boi, hu-kp cii kie-cp m6ng 
 miieh kai tie"; wherever things are brought 
 together for sale, that place ia called the area 
 for the sale of those things. 
 
 "aI"^ tie" 1 An elder ; a senior. 
 ^y^ 25 2 ko tie" ; father's sister's hus- 
 band, chi i tie"; a wife's sister's husband, 
 bo i tie"; mother's sister's husband. \S.n tie"; 
 great aunt's husband. tie"-naug, tie"-m ; wife's 
 father and mother. a-tie°; uncle by marriage. 
 
 — tieh — 
 
 tieh 123 To stick to ; to place ; to put 
 80 6 on ; to cause ; to order ; a 
 way ; a manner ; a move in chess, 
 tieh I ; give attention to. mai" khah tieh \ ; 
 do not brood over it too persistently. i kS,i 
 
 nSng tieh sit cS.i ; he is entirely right. tieh i 
 me" ce ; do it rather faster, i kliub i tieh tieh 
 cu m hau"; she is displeased at being ordered 
 
 about by him. sa" cap lak tieh, cau di slang 
 tieh ; among all the moves in chess, to move 
 forward your men is the best. cfa su hwn bp 
 tieh Iph ; no remedy has been found for this, 
 kau ta" bp tieh bp Iph ; up to now no way out 
 of the difficulty has been di.scovered. chQe 
 
 khu u tieh me ? Could you find anything of it? 
 thdi" tieh Mt-tieh sit-tieh ne ; it appears to mo 
 to be just the right move. tieh to i sin t^ng; 
 made him responsible for it. 
 
 tieh 128 Must; ought; right ; exactly ; 
 
 80 6 yes; after a verb it gives force 
 to the meaning. 
 
 tieh a m tieh ? Is that so or not ? tieh me ? Is 
 that right ? tii tieh niS ? Does it abut upon 
 the other? lia 16 15 teng ngo tieh i ; I camo 
 across him on the way. tla"-tieh ; certain, 
 
 exact, fixed. bp tla"-tieh; not settled; uncer- 
 tain, eng-kfti tieh; tng-eng-kai tieh; ought to. 
 ra cai 6i tit tieh a bdi ; do not know whether 
 I can get it or not. chue tieh li'o; have found 
 it. i ci hfie tieh kip to ko ; she is very impa- 
 tient now. jih tieh nap-nap; found by pressing 
 upon it that it was very soft. 
 
 — tien — 
 
 tien 157 To stumble, to trip. 
 
 894 10 kia" Ho tien-a-tien ; went 
 stumbling along. ctah ciu ciii lio tien-a-tien ; 
 got drunk and staggered. tien lio cuang tic 
 uang kai much ; stumbled and spoiled some 
 one's things by falling against them. hu kai 
 kha cS tien cu puah loh khu ; my feet having 
 tripped I fell down. 
 
 tien 181 Upset; overthrown; inverted. 
 
 894 10 i kai su cp lio tien-tien tau- 
 tau ; what he does is left topsy-turvy. ciah 
 llin le, l^u-tien-tau ; in old age one get things 
 wrong end foremost. i c(-hue si tien-lien 
 
 khun-kho kai si-hau ; this is a time when he 
 is embroiled and in difficulties. i ci kui ni 
 
 tien-lien cHi ; he has been distracted by troub- 
 les for several yeai-s. mih su tien-tien lien- 
 lien ; everything at sixes and sevens. 
 
 Tj^ tien 96 Rare and costly. 
 
 ^^^ 15 5 tien p6; precious things, tien 
 
 bi ; delicacies. tien sieh ; a treasure. sua" 
 
 tien hai bi ; dainties from land and sea. tien 
 
 siu peh bi ; dainties of a hundred flavors. 
 
 tien tong ; to esteem highly ; to treat very 
 
 ceremoniously. 
 
 rifl tien 12 A canon, a standard ; auth- 
 'j^-\ 894 ~6 entic records ; ordinances ; 
 statutory; constant ; to consider. 
 
 m 
 
DICTIONIRT OF THB SWXTOW DIALECT. 
 
 543 
 
 ji-tfen ; a dictionary. tfen sla pat leng si tit 
 cell; the one in charge cannot set aside the 
 responsibilies of Ins office. cie''-se" si uii-tieu 
 i ; that is doing bini a kindtiess. ci'a si tong 
 tfen kai su; this is an act of mercy, khau-kii 
 si chio-th6ng ka,i tai tieu ; the examinations 
 are a favor bestowed by the authorities. 
 
 ti'en 44 To open out ; to exhibit ; to 
 
 44 7 display. 
 i si to tien piin-nia kai ; he is displaying his 
 ability, thoi" i tien siin-mih piin-su chut lai ; 
 see what ability he displays. harn i raai" to 
 
 ti'en lak; tell him not to make a display of his 
 prowess. i t<5 ti'en si-thau, u jit cong tieh 
 
 tien-phiu; he is displaying his power, but he 
 will some day display it to his own hurt. cio°- 
 se" i kai chai-cheng cng kai m ho ti'en ; he has 
 thus no opportunity to display his talents. 
 
 ^jfi tien 32 To advance money; to pay 
 ^^^. 896 11 for another ; a cushion, 
 tien m chut ; is not able to advance the money, 
 tien tit chut; is able to advance the amount, 
 pue tien ; advance money to make up for a 
 loss. tien tit phu tieh tien kaii kau ; if he 
 
 has the wherewithal to do it with, he must 
 advance the whole sum required. i° tien ; a 
 chair cushion. khang tien ; cushion for a 
 
 divan, pai tien ; cushion to kneel upon. 
 
 ^fe* tien 173 Lightning; electricity; elec- 
 ta 896 5 trie. 
 
 lui-kong tien-bo ; the god of Thunder, and the 
 goddess of Lightning. ticn-sua°; telegraph 
 
 wires. tien-sua" po ; a telegram. tien-khi ; 
 electricity. chin-chie" tien kuang iap-ce-sih ; 
 like a flash of lightning. kha tien-po ; to 
 
 telegraph. cih tieh tien-po ; received a tele- 
 gram, tien-hue iap-iap-sih ; it lightens. 
 
 79 The rear of an army, as dis- 
 9 trict from the van, especially 
 
 tien 
 lAxA^ _ 896 
 
 when it flees in battle, 
 si i to tien-S,u ; he brings up the rear. tieh 
 khiang ke htie cia" ka° tien Sa ; those who 
 would venture to bring up the rear must be 
 powerful in arras. 
 
 To offer libations. 
 
 khu ci-tien; go to offer sacri- 
 fices and pour libations. ci li'o cu tien ci'u ; 
 after the sacrifice is offered the libation is 
 poured. tien ngi; money sent as an offering 
 to mourners. i chut pin u jieh coi nang pai 
 tien ; on his issuing the notice of the death 
 many persons offered a present and joined the 
 funeral procession. 
 
 — tiet — 
 (iefc 38 The child of a brother. 
 68 6 cek tiet cp.pii lai ; uncle and 
 
 nephew carae together. M «iet ; brother's son. 
 pfc Hot; a cousin's son, of a different surname, 
 tiet nng; a brother's daughter. tiet ahi; a 
 
 niece's husband. ua sai sia tiet lai mng-hau 
 Iti; I send ray nephew to inquire after your 
 health, liet sun ; grand-nephew. peh tiet ; 
 son of my father's elder brother, pau tiet ; own 
 nephew. thang tiet ; a cousin's son, of the 
 
 same surname. cuang Het; a second cousin's 
 son. cok tiet; a junior in the same clan. ni 
 tiet ; the sons of one who took his literary 
 degree in the same year as myself, si tiet ; a 
 term used by one's self towards a father's chura 
 or fellow graduate. ngo tiet ; "your ignorant 
 nephew" (is the subscription of one who is 
 writing to his father's friend). 
 
 — tih — 
 
 Vffil tih 85 A drop ; to fall in drops ; to 
 IIPJ 901 n drip. 
 
 khut ho tih tieh ; wet by rain. khut ho lau 
 tih tieh ; wet by the rain that leaked in. khau 
 kau raak-cap tih cek sa" ; cried till the tears 
 dropped all over her tunic. tap-tap-tih ; pat- 
 tering drops. tih c6k koi°; dripped all over 
 the room. tih bo no ti'am loh khu ; dropped 
 in barely two drops. tih ke cSk ti'am ; drop 
 in another drop, cek ti'am cek tih to boi cho ; 
 there is not the slightest mistake in it. hueh 
 lau hueh tih ; the blood oozes out. lim-ci"-cui 
 ti'am-ti'am tih bo cha chi ; the water from the 
 eaves falling drop by drop does not go into the 
 wrong gutter, tih kau cek sin tam-tam ; drip- 
 ped upon me till I am drenched. li-li tih ; 
 
 drops continuously. 
 
 tih 140 The stem, peduncle or foot- 
 881 9 stalk of a flower or fruit. 
 
 sSi tih ; the persistent calyx of a persimmon. 
 
 hue tih ; the stem of the flower. ka" tih ; the 
 
 stem of the orange. 
 
 "^1-^ tih-tuh To scold ; to rail at. 
 
 B/fl 828 tih-tuh-kie ; the sound of 
 voices in angry talk. i no nang tang-ca tih- 
 tuh-kie kai iii mih su ? "What was it that those 
 two were abusing each other about a little 
 while ago ? ta" ue m ta" h6-h6, co-ni ta" kau 
 tih-tih-tuh-tiih ; in speaking why not speak 
 pleasantly, rather than rave and scold. 
 
 tih 30 tih-tih- tap-tap ; conversing 
 1019 12 amicably without real friend- 
 talking agreeably. ta" cek kua tih-tih- 
 
544. 
 
 ClCtlONARt OF THK STTATOW DIALtCT. 
 
 m 
 
 tap-tap, ta" boi tit wn ; cliatted a whole half- 
 day as fast as possible, and could not say half 
 they wished to. 
 
 tlh 112 A small plate or saucer. 
 
 891 "^9' ua° lih khieh khu s6i ; go 
 and wash the dishes, si-ia tih ; a dish to hold 
 soy. chb tih ; a vinegar dish. sek-llo tih ; 
 plates used by painters for mixing colors. 
 
 — tim — 
 tira 86 To warm up food in a pot- 
 
 , 1144 To khleh 16h 16 khu tira : tim 
 
 sie-sie cia" hd cSah ; put it on the stove and 
 warm it up : make it very hot and then it will 
 be delectable. cfu tira Ho m cai thoi", khut i 
 uak khu; set the whiskey on to heat it, and it 
 sprang ablaze when I was not looking to it. 
 ciu-p&ng mui" tim ie" khu ; do not melt the 
 wine-pitcher when heating the wine. tim 
 
 chai ; to warm up food left from a previous 
 meal. 
 
 H^B tim 106 A bird like the secretary 
 /r^ 18 4 falcon, with a long black neck 
 and red bill ; it eats snakes, and is supposed 
 to be so noxious that fish dio where it drinks, 
 the grass withers around its nest, and its feath- 
 ers steeped in spirits make a virulent poison. 
 i ka-k\ hok tim ciix cfi-cin ; he drank a dose of 
 deadly poison and killed himself. 
 
 Vt^ ^^^ ^ ^^ sink; to quash j lost, 
 l/L 20 4 destroyed; ruined, 
 cek kai tim li, c^k kai phu ; one sank and the 
 other floated, cun tim loli khu ; the boat sank. 
 pua° phu pua" tim; half in and half out of 
 water. i tim-miit i kai mueh-kla"; he made 
 ■way with her things. i k&i pe" tim tSng ; he 
 is very sick. tim to ciii toi ; sank to the 
 
 bottom. ci kai thim-hie" 6i tim ciii kai ; this 
 garu-wood sinks in water. 
 
 m 
 
 tim 130 The royal We, Ourself. 
 
 18 6 huang-tl cheng i ka-ki cheng 
 CO tim ; the emperor in speaking of himself 
 says We. 
 
 — tin — 
 
 Ttin 1 To jingle. 
 903 1 tin-tong-kie ; tin-tiang-kie ; 
 jingling. tin-tong tin-tiang kai si sira miieh 
 hiang ? What is it that makes that jingling 
 sound ? 
 
 tin 181 tin-tp ; upside down or end 
 y^\^\ 894 10 foi'emost; inverted, 
 sio l§,u-tia, khia be tin-to khia ; a craiy god, 
 riding with his face toward the tail of his 
 
 horse. tin-to pang ; set it bottom upward, 
 
 raai" tin-to kliieh ; do not take it by the wrong 
 end. tin-tp ta"; reverse the clauses or words 
 of a sentence when speaking, tin-tp; inverted 
 from the proper order ; placing last what ought 
 to bo first, or putting that above which should 
 bo below. 
 
 tin 167 To keep in subjection ; to 
 17 10 keep in order; to protect and 
 oversee ; a mart, a great manufacturing place, 
 tin-thui ; brigadier-general. ci cek pe" u kdi 
 kai tua chl-tin ; this province has several great 
 trading-marts. Cng i id tin-iap ti-hng ; employ 
 him to keep the place in order. chia" lai tin 
 ih6h ; invite to come and keep evil influences 
 out of the house. i cd-tin lia kai ti-hng; he 
 has taken possession of my land. tin ph6 ; 
 
 protect and care for a shop, i si lai tin-sfa ti- 
 ling kai ; they are those who have come to keep 
 watch and ward over the spot. 
 
 "TT^ tin 77 tin-tang; the centre. 
 -Ud 75 1 p^ng t5 tin-tang ; put it in 
 the centre. khteh t5 tin- tang ; take it by the 
 middle. gOa tia* tin-tang; the middle of the 
 onter court. 
 
 tin 118 Creepers and trailing plants' 
 864 16 tin-tio; rattans, tin si ; rat- 
 tan shavings. tin ng ; gamboge. tin pe"; a 
 rattan handle, khieh ki khue-tin phah ; get a 
 rattan and whip him. i kai tin t5a kau nfig- 
 hfig khu ; the creeper has crept a great way. 
 tin toi kai f"; cane-bottom chairs, ci cang hue 
 khut tin toa si khu ; this shrub has been killed 
 by a creeper twining around it. hun-kuah 
 
 tin ; sweet potato vines, kue tin ; melon vine, 
 chng tin hi"; put a rattan bail on it. tin-pii ; 
 a rattan shield. m5ng tin-pai ; to fence, or 
 
 defend one's self with a shield. 
 
 Dust, small particles, exhala- 
 tions; the dusty world; troub- 
 
 tin S2 
 
 20 11 
 ious days. 
 
 tin-ai ; dust that floats in the air and settles 
 on things ; cobwebs and flying atoms. chii- 
 teng kai tin-ai choi" cheng-khih ; sweep down 
 all the dust from the roof-bearas. eng kau 
 
 ceng-ceng tin-ai ; the dust ha.s settled all over 
 it. se" tin-ai ; is dusty. pua" tio tin-ai ; 
 
 brush off the dust. th6i"-ki° c6i°-min kai tin- 
 thau chong-khi-iai ; saw a cloud of dust rising 
 ahead of them. chin-chie" kai sien nng hia 
 
 huam tin ; like a fairy descending into this 
 vexatious world. tfig tiam tin ; spotless; not 
 a speck of dust on it. 
 
DICTIONART OF THB 8WAT0W DULKCT. 
 
 545 
 
 lin 149 To transcribe. 
 
 865 To dg-tin ; a manifesto or add- 
 ress issued by the emperor himself, in times of 
 trouble, pbang kia" ng-tln ; issue a manifesto. 
 
 tin 170 A rank or file of soldiers ; a 
 19 7 battalion ; an army ; troops, 
 forces ; to place in rank, to .set in array, to 
 marshal ; as a classifier, used to denote a gust, 
 blast, burst or time ; a shower; a short space ; 
 transitory ; a little while. 
 
 Iin cie" bo nie chie"; in battle give no quarter, 
 cie" tin sie thai ; go into battle. pai sini-mih 
 tin-si ? What show of force do they make ? i 
 phah thau-tiu soi" khu ; they lead the van. 
 pai tin; defeated in battle, khia be khu chong i 
 kai tin ; mounted their horses and rushed upon 
 their ranks. cek poi" pai tin, cek poi" phah 
 tin ; one side is posting the troops and the 
 other side is breaking ranks. chuang-jip i 
 
 kai tin-mng ; press through the opening in the 
 ranks. mi"-hun tin; infatuated; besotted vs'ith. 
 cek tin cio pue to ci ko kue ; a flock of birds 
 fiew over here in line, thiiu cek tin toa huang; 
 a strong gust of wind came. hia in cek tin 
 
 cek tin h'-kwn khi lui ; the smoke keeps rising 
 up in puffs. cek tin huang, cek tin ho; each 
 gust of wind is followed by a shower of rain, 
 biie-gu tin ; a file of oxen with knives on their 
 horns and fire-brands on their tails (used in 
 battle to break the ranks of the enemy), chie" 
 tin ; elephants in file for battle. chut cek tin 
 kua", pe" cQ ho ; if he can be made to sweat 
 freely he will be better. 
 
 — tio — 
 tio 172 To engrave; to carve ; to cut. 
 , .,-_- 885 8 tio-khek in-p6i°; to engrave 
 the wooden blocks on which printing is done. 
 Bui i khu tio-kuah ; let him engrave it as he 
 pleases. tio hue thah tau ; adorned with 
 
 carved ornamentation. i kai ji-ueh tio Ifd 
 
 ngia ; he carves boanti fully, tio tph ; to grave 
 or chase, tio lai boi sit cin ; nothing has been 
 lost from the pattern in transferring it to wood, 
 ci'a put kiie si phu-phu ne tio ; this is nothing 
 more than a slight cutting into the wood, tio 
 in ; to engrave a seal. tio to ; graving tools. 
 khua°-khua" ne tio, khua'^-khua" ne cak ; use 
 the knife and the chisel very caiefully in the 
 cutting. 
 
 ^^ tio 1^53 The Siberian sable. 
 ^f^ 885 5 tio phue ; the fur of the 
 sable, tio-chu; the sable. i cheiig ka,i tio- 
 chu be-kua ; he wore a riding jacket of sable, 
 tio biie ; sables' tails, worn by niilitaiy men. 
 kim tio ; undyed or reddish sable. 
 
 , , tio 16 
 'R| 885 J 
 
 sng sph c6 Iph 
 frost and snow 
 
 To wither and fade, as leaves 
 
 do. 
 
 chau-bak cu tio-leng; when 
 
 come the herbage withers. 
 
 cia chlu kai ki hieh nfii sng-soh boi tio ; this 
 tree does not lose its verdure even in winter. 
 ngo-th6ng siang-teng ca tio ; the catalpa tree 
 loses ita leaves earliest of all. hue-bfik i6 tio- 
 chaug lio ; the foliage is already fading. 
 
 \^ tio 18 Unscrupulous and aggressive. 
 V 885 1 tio-s6ng ; contentious ; fond 
 of litigation, and pressing the case without 
 just cause ; truculent. tio-mang ; violent and 
 barbarous. cek pua" tio cek piia" mang; a 
 
 mixture of wickedness and barbarity, i kai 
 a-pe si chut mia" tio pit; his father is well 
 known for his rabid writings. tio ak cu ci ; 
 outrageous and wicked beyond endurance, 
 theng-tio ; dictatorial and overbearing. tio- 
 phwt; willful, tio-tione; ruthless. 
 
 1^ 
 
 tio 158 Tall. 
 
 889 6 i kai sin chSi I'o kui"-tio ; 
 he is of fine stature. cek kai li kui^-tio kui"- 
 tio ne, cek kai li 6i-k6 6i-k6 ; one is tall and 
 slender and the other short and sturdy. 
 
 ^^^ tio 116 Deep; to go far into a recess. 
 iVni> 887 ll li khah tio-ien ; is too in- 
 accessible, ci kai ti-ling khah tio-ien ; this 
 place is too remote and difficult to reach. 
 
 |~|A tio 57 To condole with mourners ; 
 1"^ 886 1 to wail or otherwise assist at 
 a funeral. 
 
 i tiang-si khui tio ? When are the funeral rites 
 to be performed ? khui sa° jit tio ; will have 
 the funeral rites performed for three days. tSi- 
 si hi chit jit seng hok cu khui-tio; generally, 
 the funeral rites are performed after the mourn- 
 ing^ garments have been worn seven days, 
 khu tio-ci kai nang coi cai ; a great number of 
 persons went to offer condolence. tio-ha; 
 mourning. tio-sng ; affliction. 
 
 |RA tio 30 To suspend; to hangup; to 
 'H 886 3 demand; to ask for; to call 
 for; to lift, as by a cord; a thousand cash, 
 liali i lai tio ; seize and hang hira. tio pang 
 
 chiu-cang teng ; hang up on a tree. tio tuj- 
 lin ; hang up scrolls. tio ki teng ; suspend a 
 lamp, tio kai kia"; hang a picture, tio-pang 
 tu lai ; hang it up in the wardrobe. Ba"-tio; 
 a clothes rack. ngun-tia" eng jieh coi tio ? 
 
 How many strings of paper ingots will be 
 requiixid ? en tio ; strings of beads. lio tio u 
 kai tng khu ; some of the strings of strass 
 
646 
 
 DICTIONARY or THK SWi.TOW DlALKCt. 
 
 beads have broken. ci° ch6n sa° si tio ; have 
 three or four strings of cash left, cf kai rniieh 
 boi c&p gua tio ci°; paid more than ten thou- 
 sand cash for this article. chia" tS,a-thai tie 
 lai ka-ki chin mug; ask the Intendant of 
 Circuit to call and cross-qtiestion them himself. 
 tio-ua"-kwn lai ngiain ihoi"; call for and 
 officially examine the records of the case. Oo 
 u kiii peh ksli kheh klii Ifti ; ordered some 
 hundreds of the passengers to disembark, 
 tio 5m ; to hang one's self, i khu ko tio-ping; 
 lie went and asked for an order to set him at 
 liberty. tio tit chut a tio rn chut? Did he 
 
 succeed in getting him set free on demanding 
 it? tio- thang ; a pail with a high bail, 
 
 cang phie tio sio ; remand and destroy the 
 warrant, as when an affair is settled, khu k^ 
 tio toi"; go and request an order for the 
 eviction of a tenant. t5i° m kheng khut i tio ; 
 the tenant would not allow hira to remand it. 
 tio-na; a basket with bulging sides and small 
 ueck. tio cie-pai ; a buletin board, sd-si tio 
 tiah sin ; has the key attached to his person, 
 hiie-niueh" tio cie" lau ; the goods are lifted 
 by ropes into the loft. 
 
 tio 
 
 A strip ; a slip ; a twig ; a 
 spear ; a section ; a classifier 
 
 75 
 
 |y|> ««a 6 
 
 of long and slender objects ; anything long 
 and slender. 
 
 i kai mo' oho tio ; her hair is coarse. cia. 
 
 li khah toa tio, hia li khah soi tio ; this is 
 too thick and that too slender. khieh tio 
 
 sph lai pak ; take a rope and tie it up. i". 
 
 tio ; a trestle. pang-tio ; bed-boards. c5k 
 tio si ; a silken filament. thih tio ; iron bars, 
 ci ki ki-tio lo ung ; this twig is more flexible, 
 eug no tio toa lai pak-bua; take two girdles 
 and tie them together, kim tio ; a prohibitory 
 notice. cSk tio pi°; a queue. ci tio si toa 16 ; 
 this is the main road, cek tio si-siia"; a thread 
 of sewing-silk, cuah tio thau-rad" hun ; lacks 
 a hair's breadth of it. hu toi kai tio-li cp-ni 
 ta°? What is said in the rules of procedure ? 
 chS-thoi" sio-tio oi chau ta° me ; examine and 
 see whether a mistake has been made in copy- 
 ing the bill. tio cua pp cie° chin cang ; a 
 snake crawled up into the tree, ci tio kie ngo 
 tun ; this bridge has five piers. cek tio chau 
 ce kue cu puah loh kliu ; if there be a spear of 
 grass in his way he tumbles down. si-pie kai 
 huap-tio (ng khu ; the mainspring of the watch 
 is broken. tio- lien si kim kai a si tang kai ? 
 Is the chain gold or bi'ass ? kim ni c{ hang 
 lai hwt u klii tio cun ; this year the firm has 
 sent out .several vessels. kiii tio chiu hi-hi ; 
 a few sparse v\hisker.s. tin tio; rattans, ci" 
 
 tio ; felt rugs, tio sua' chng m kue ; I cannot 
 string them upon this thread. i kai sio-bak 
 lio-tio lit-lit ; his bills are all correct. lo tio 
 hng c5i ; it is a long journey. boi tio bak ; 
 
 buy a stick of ink. cek tio slo ; an account 
 or bill. 
 
 tio 149 To bring into accord ; to ad- 
 888 8 just ; to regulate ; to restore 
 
 harmony. 
 
 ang-sok m tio; cannot bring into subjection. 
 
 ak-ci m tio ; cannot succeed in curbing it. 
 
 tio 75 A roost; a percli. 
 
 788 8 koi-tlo; a hen-roost. koi 
 cle" tio li'o ; the chickens have gone to roost, 
 koi-tio h6 keh me" kau-un; an earth-worm does 
 not pass the night on a hen-roost. 
 
 >Il> llo 10 An omen; a prognostic; a 
 yU 34. 4 million, 
 soi' tio; a forerunner. kit ilo ; a good omen, 
 hiong tio ; a bad omen. khiie-tlo ; prognosti- 
 cation, sue tio; an ominous sign ; an indica- 
 tion of poverty or decadence. sng Iph u cek 
 tio kah cflp ngo bwn; reckoned it up and made 
 the amount to be a million and a hundred and 
 fifty thousand. 
 
 'T^ tio 80 To summon; to cite. 
 
 1^ 35 2 tio i lai; summon him. suang- 
 tlo; called to court. u suang bp tio ; to givo 
 orders without summoning the recipient to 
 Peking. 
 
 tio 75 To reject ; to di.scard ; to cast 
 
 349 8 off. 
 sek tio ; to throw away, tiu tio ; to fling away, 
 hi" tio ; to shake off. put tio ; to put aside, 
 to tio ; to pour out. tok tio ; to chop off. 
 
 tio 64 Used as an auxiliary verb, 
 887 8 following another, and denot- 
 ing the accomplishment of the action, 
 thai tio ; to slaughter. kak tio ; to throw 
 
 away. mueh tio ; to spoil by manipulation, 
 a tio ; to break of by a wrench. sie tio ; to 
 
 burn up. cam tio ; to chop off. pe° tio ; to 
 rake off. 
 
 tio 149 A tune. 
 ,.^RJ 888 ~8~ ai" eng sim-mih tio-thau ? 
 What tune do you want it sung in ? cfa si 
 
 sim-mih khie° tio ? What air is this ? se° 
 
 sia" tio ; a Cantonese air. 
 
 tio 64 To toss ; to fling. 
 _ 666 T tio khf khu khut i cih; toss it 
 up and let him catch it. tio cie" lau-teng ; 
 
 toss it into the upper storey. tio m khui ; 
 
DICTIONART OF THE SWAtOW DIALKCT. 
 
 647 
 
 cannot toss it off. ilo Q 1/ik cia" tlo tit 
 
 khui ; fling it with force and then yea can 
 fling it off. ua tio, lu sah ; I will throw it, 
 and you catch it. tlo kue chie"; flung it over 
 the wall. 
 
 tio 64 To cast away; to throw away 
 
 876 4 as useless, 
 tio loh hai ; cast it into the sea. khufc i tio to 
 ce° toi khu li'o; it lias been thrown into the 
 tank by him. tio loh hiie-lo ; throw it into 
 
 the stove. 
 
 — tit — 
 
 jt^L ^^^ ^ ^^ attain ; to get the object 
 1^^ 872 8 of one's wislies ; may, can, 
 able to be done ; after another verb it often 
 expresses the potential mood, or a form of the 
 past tense ; to become ; to gain, 
 tit tieh; gained ; got. boi tit (ieh ; unable to 
 get. ai°, kai ai", boi tit tieh ; as for wanting 
 it, I want it, but I can't get it. cf-hue tit 1 
 
 cai ; just now things are quite to my mind, i 
 ce tit ci" cu boi-pang ; if he can gain money by 
 it he will let the culprit escape. put tit ; un- 
 attainable ; very difficult. pa pat tit ; greatly 
 and vainly desire. ua pa put tit oi cie"-se"; 
 there is nothing I so much desire. co tit Wi ; 
 it can be done. co m tit ; it is not feasible. 
 oi cp tit ; oi nin co tit ; it will do. cie'-se" m 
 CO tit; that will not answer the purpose, kia" 
 tit-khu, a kia" m khu ? Can you walk thus far 
 or not ? i cie"-se" si u so tit a m si ? He gets 
 something thereby does he not ? ci'a pe" ui oi 
 tit ho me ? Is this disease curable ? ci tio l6 
 oi tit kue a boi tit kue ? Is this road passable 
 or not ? put leng tit ; is not to be done. put 
 tit i"; will he, nill he ; no other way ; cannot 
 do otherwise. si put tit i" cp kai ; did thus 
 
 because no other course was open to him. ci 
 kai ta" tit Qe, hu kai ta° m tit ue ; this is some- 
 thing worth hearing, while that is not. cp 
 khu tit chiu c2,i ; made so as to be very handy 
 or very easily wielded. cSi tit oi ? How can I ? 
 boi tit tang ; cannot wait. i no nang sim si 
 siang tit; the two agree very well together, lio 
 m tit ; there is no end to it. i jim tit cu a ji'm 
 m cu ? Can he endure it or not ? ci'a to boi nIn 
 nSi tit ; this is not to be borne. tit tieh i kai 
 sin ; got his letter, m ki" tit ; m it-tit ; forgot, 
 lu it- tit me ? ki^-tit me ? Do you recollect it ? 
 ciah m tit cie" coi ; cannot eat so much. kio 
 tit tieh p(5-pue hie''-se''; like getting a treasure, 
 sue put tit cie^-se" cp ; must infallibly do this, 
 sio boi tit wn ; innumerable. ciah boi tit lio ; 
 more then can be eaten. ci kai si tit sim kai 
 nang ; this is one who wins regard. tit hok ; 
 
 to obtain good. tit tieh toa hok-khi ; attain 
 great happiness. i ua" tit cie°-se" tk" ? How 
 can he say that ? sueh tit khu me ? Can you 
 explain it ? peh tit khui ; can open it. cd tit 
 loh ; can do it. ta" tit khi ; can carry it. teh 
 i tit tio ; can hold it down. 
 
 tit 109 Straight; direct; upright; 
 
 70 8 outspoken ; true; just ; exact- 
 ly ; in ivn'tiiig, a perpendicular stroke, 
 tit tau ; self-evident doctrines, chong tit tJlu 
 kia"; act according to what is manifestly right. 
 i si tong-tit kai nang ; he is an honest man. 
 tit ta" bp pau-chang; tell it in a straight-for- 
 ward way, without any concealment. tlt-tit 
 ta" chut lai ; told it bluntly. hun-piet si hui 
 khiok tit; discriminate between fact and fable, 
 the devious and the sti'aight. i kai sim cia"- 
 tit; he is honest hearted, cek tit jip khu; go 
 straight in. tit-tit kia" khu ; go straight on. 
 cek tit cu lai kaa ci-ko ; came directly here, 
 hang tit cuah u cek ue lo ; by coming straight 
 across, the journey is shortened by one half, 
 tit kau pang tit cui ; a straight ditch dis- 
 charges a straight stream of water. peh tit, 
 boi wn-khien ; perfectly straight and without 
 crooks, pgh tit nang tn" peh tit ue; a straight- 
 forward person uses plain speech, tho tit kai 
 na,ng ; a blunt person. khia pang kp kha tit 
 chiu tit; stand with your legs and arms 
 straight. chun tit kha ; straighten your leg. 
 pkng tit chiu ; straighten your arm. nge tit 
 kai nang ; a sturdy, honest person. tit-kue 
 ci", nge kiie thih ; straighter than an arrow, 
 and stiff er than iron. tit Iph ; directly down, 
 tit khii ; went by the shortest cut. tit khi ; 
 
 straight up. siu tit ; comb out straight, toh 
 tit ; disentangle, thiap tit; pile up perpendic- 
 ularly, ut tit ; iron out smooth. kiap tit- 
 tit ; smooth it out straight. 
 
 — tin — 
 
 tin 1 To cast away or throw aside. 
 
 909 5 tin tio i; throw it away, tiu 
 tio pang kp lio cp i khu ; threw it down and 
 went off leaving it there. mai" khu tiu i kai 
 lien ; do not go and blast his reputation, tang 
 i khut pat nang tiu lien ; wait for his reputa- 
 tion to be blasted by some one else, i cie''-se'' 
 tiu tio bo, tiu tio kia", kio c5i; his thus casting 
 off his wife and children is most unjustifiable, 
 tiu tit khui : can discard it. 
 
 m 
 
 tiu 64 To flog ; to chastise ; to whip. 
 ^ , ^ 73 5 cang khue-tin tiu kau i kie 
 m ka°; take a rattan and whip him till he says 
 he won't do so again. 
 
548 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 ^^ tin 118 A tally ; a tillot. 
 ^^^ 51 14 siah tlu ; whittle out tallies. 
 fiiu till ; take the tallies. tek-tiu ; bamboo 
 
 splints which serve as tallies. cek peh ta° 
 
 co-ni kau-c&p-kau ki-tiu ? How is it that there 
 are but ninety-nine tallies, when there have 
 been a hundred loads brought ? 
 
 >^tt| tlu 120 Thin, soft silk. 
 7|yPj 51 8 tlu tnc? pho; a silk shop, 
 liiianj? liu; pongee. mi" tia ; a stuff made of 
 mixed cotton and silk. k6i° tlu ; coarse silk 
 serge. &ng tiu ; plain thin red silk. Ifing tiu; 
 thick fine pongee. peh tiu; plain white silk. 
 Ilia" ai" kah sii-tiu li ; am going to put a Iruing 
 of plain silk in the wadded tunic. 
 
 j'l'^ till 140 China-grass, a ])lant like a 
 ''~J^ 94 ~6~ nettle, a species of flax, from 
 which grass-cloth is made, 
 lia ai" Gng tlu lai co soh, miii" eng mua"; I wish 
 to have the rope made of China-grass, not of 
 hemp, eng tiu kun khu pu ciii ciah ; take the 
 roots of China-grass, steep them, and drink 
 the infusion. tlu-p6; grass-cloth. iu° tlu, cho 
 tiu ; fine and coarse grass-cloth. p6h tlu, o 
 
 tiu, lam tiu; white, black, and blue grass-clotb. 
 png sek tiu; unbleached grass-cloth, having its 
 natural yellowish color. tiu hftug ; a ware- 
 
 house where grass-cloth is bought and sold at 
 wholesale, ci choh tiu ai" ceh co coi ; am going 
 to splice these fibers, making them into thread 
 ready for weaving. ke° tiu-p6 ; weave grass- 
 cloth, mi" tiu; cotton and linen, 
 
 ^^^ tiu 115 Rice when growing in the 
 ^R 868 To field. 
 
 p6 tiu ; to transplant young rice. kuah tiu ; 
 
 to harvest rice, tiu kd-chau ; rice straw, ku 
 
 ni k&i ca tiu ia" kue ciip gueli tang kai tiu; 
 
 last year the rice of the early crop was better 
 
 than that harvested in the tenth month, phah 
 
 kai tlu tia"; make an area for drying paddy. 
 
 tiu-thau ; stubble from the rice fields. mua°- 
 
 tl-ko kai tiu-phie ngfa cSi ; the growing rice 
 
 everywhere is very beautiful. ni'n ko kai tlu 
 
 kuah a bue ? Is the rice hax'vest gathered yet 
 
 at your place ? iiu-siii ; heads of rice. tlu- 
 
 ko ; rice stalks. tlu-stii toa kah pa, tlu-kp 
 
 khut i thui kau ut loh khu ; the heads of the 
 
 rice are large and full, so that the stalks are 
 
 dragged down flat by their weight, cfa cxii oi 
 
 elm tio nang kai tiu a boi ? Is it likely that 
 
 this freshet will submerge and spoil our rice ? 
 
 siu khi tiu h'o cu sQ-li lai ceng beh ; when the 
 
 rice is gathered in, we prepare to plant the 
 
 wheat. 
 
 ^L 
 
 #U5* 
 
 15a 72 Daytime. 
 
 50 7 peh tlu chie"-kiap ; carried it 
 off in broad daylight. i si sit-c5i pi tiu cak 
 mfi"; he really turns day into night. 
 
 — tng — 
 tng 102 "What is suitable, opportune, 
 857 8 convenient or just ; adequate 
 to ; comi)eteut ; to bear ; to take the responsibil- 
 ity ; to act as ; to be ; equal to ; to match ; to 
 make ; to stand in contrast ; to meet or occur ; 
 at the time of, when, in which sense it is often 
 a form of the present participle; to withstand, 
 ua tarn tng; 1 assume the responsibility. m 
 ka* tng; dare not assume it. kai ke eng kai 
 si i t6 tng; she is taking the entire charge of 
 the household. i i6 tng pia"; he is a soldier, 
 cf kai t($ tng ctt-phoi"; this one takes charge of 
 the dispatches. hu kiu t<5 tng che ; that one 
 is a constable. tng m khf ; inadequate to. i 
 tng-si cp-ni ta*? What did he say at the time ? 
 tng-kim kfti nftng cie"-se* fo coi ; people now-a- 
 days generally do thus. tng thi tau-cok ; 
 
 pray under the open sky. ni-hue sie tng ; of 
 suitable age. b6 nang tng i tit cQ ; no one 
 
 could stand it. tng i m cu ; could not bear 
 it. lang tng ; insupportable ; irksome, kho- 
 ch<5 Iftng tng ; the pain is hard to bear, fi cue 
 tang tng ; if there be blame we will share it. 
 Q su tang tng ; if trouble comes we will bear it 
 together, tng cf kfti ceh-jlm ; fit for this post, 
 kho t&ng tng, hok tang hkng ; bear the 
 trouble and share the enjoyment together, si 
 i tng-cho hha" kai ; it was he who first con- 
 sented, si i tng-chp in ua kai ; he was the 
 first to answer me. tng-chp kai nkng I'o kang- 
 kho ; pioneers have the hardest of the work to 
 do. tng than tui min, cp-ni th6i°.m-ki" ? It 
 was right in front of you, why did you not see 
 it ? si i tng mIn kio lia cie°-se" ta"; he told 
 me so to my face. i u m-tieh lii hd tng-min 
 ta", mai" phiah ka-chng Hu ta° i; if ho does 
 wrong, tell him so to his face, and do not talk 
 about him behind his back. tng to hu hue i 
 u ta° a bp ? Did she say anything about it at 
 the time ? tng khi-si i u ta° cie'-se" ; he said 
 so at the time. tng hu cek jit i cu lai ; he 
 came that very day. tng jit i ia m si cie°-se", 
 ua cu bp in-tap i; if he had not done so that 
 very day, I should not have agreed to it. ti- 
 tiang lun tieh tng ni ? Whose turn was it that 
 year ? ni tng it-jl-cap lio, boi soi ; is getting 
 on toward twenty, and is no longer a child, 
 kai nang tng cek ni ; each person acts for one 
 year. i eng-tng cie°-se° cp ; he should do 
 thus. si i tng-eng-kai kai ; it is what he 
 ought to do. tng-eng-kai cie'-se"; it is very 
 
DICTIOKART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 549 
 
 properly so. ll-tiang id tng tliaa ? Who takes 
 the lead in it ? tug tin phah si ; killed in- 
 
 stantly, as by a blow. tng tio", bue oi si ; re- 
 ceived a fatal blow, but did not die instantly, 
 i SI tng liiu-ku kai iiTing, m si cia"-keng nung ; 
 she is a prostitute, not a decent woman. 
 
 tng 159 To return ; to tnrn. 
 
 117 TT i bue tng lui ; he has not 
 yet returned. khieh tng hai° i ; give it back 
 to him. Lue-tng than; ut-tng than; to turn 
 the head. i hue-tng sin ; he turned. hue 
 sira tng i; changed his mind. kia" to tng; 
 
 turned back. i tiig lai ii jieh kii ? How long 
 since he came back ? tiig wn cah kak ; wind- 
 ing back and forth; serpentine. ta° tiig; recur 
 to the subject. sie" tng ; altered his mind. 
 
 p6i° tng ; to turn over sidewise. liui tng ; 
 
 turn it around sidewise. pang to tng ; reverse 
 it, turning the other end toward you. un tng 
 h6 lio ; the luck has changed for the better. 
 
 >l^ tug 162 To go back, or to come 
 ^>ci 127 4 back; to return, 
 tng khu chu ; go home. than tng chu ; the 
 
 first visit paid after marriage by a bride to her 
 mother's house, kui tiig i ka-ki ; it reverts to 
 himself, boi tit tng lai ; cannot return, kua 
 nfing co-pu tng ; join others in returning, 
 
 1 1^1 tng 81 Times; to turn back. 
 
 P— I 261 3 c6k tng no tng ; once or 
 twice. khu kiii tng ; went several times, 
 
 tng-tng lai lu ko ; came whei'e you were re- 
 peatedly, cek Ing tia"-tia"; only once, tng 
 kau chu cia" cai ; first knew it after returning 
 home. cu-nie hue ke au, than hue tng lai pe 
 bo kfii chu, kie-co thau tiig chii ; after a lady 
 is married, the first time she returns to the 
 house of her parents is called the first return 
 home, liu ai" tng hli khu ; we are going back, 
 lau nin chia" biie tiig khu ; withold you from 
 going back as yet ; do stay a little longer. 
 
 ^^ tng 102 To pawn ; to pledge; to Gon- 
 ial 857 8 sider as ; reputed or looked 
 upon as ; to serve an and ; instead of ; as for ; 
 to suit with ; favorable ; safely ; properly, 
 tng pho; a pawn shop. kio nang tng ko 
 
 chang ; took a field in pledge. ci koi° chu si 
 kio i tng kai a kio i siie kai ? Have you taken 
 this house on mortgage, or have you hired it 
 from him ? tng khut i a si sue khut i ? Did 
 you pawn it to him, or rent it to him ? tng- 
 siang ; pawnbroker, tng hui ; tng phie ; 
 
 pawn ticket, tng ku-a kai gueh cia° khu chiu; 
 left it in pawn for some months and then went 
 
 and redeemed it. i kdi hi hiang-tug a si ho- 
 Ing? Is his a licensed or an unlicensed j^avvn- 
 shop? un-tng; un-un tng-tng; stable. toa 
 much tng co soi much ciig; use a valuable 
 article when a cheap one would do as well, 
 cek kai tng cap kai ; one of these is equal to 
 ten of those. cek nang tng ku-a nang ; ho 
 
 alone is a match for all of them. i soi° si 
 
 ceng to tng nang ; he used to kidnap people 
 and hold them for ransom. Hah i khu tng; 
 seize him and keep him for ransom. co tng- 
 pho lai se° lu ; will let you have it at the same 
 rate of interest as that taken by pawnbrokers, 
 tng i jieh kii ? For how long a time have you 
 pledged it to him? tek tiig; proper; right, 
 su CO kau tek-tng tek-tng ; the business is all 
 properly attended to. tek-tng si c}e°-se"; it is 
 properly so. 
 
 tng 157 To fall down ; to slip. 
 
 8P1 5 leng kau i tng co loh khu ; 
 pushed him so that he fell down into a sitting 
 posture. ce liu cii tng co loh khu; slipped 
 
 and fell into a sitting posture. 
 
 tng 181 A meal, or the time for a 
 
 928 4 meal, 
 cek jit ciah sa° tng; eat three meals a day. lin 
 ciah no tng piig, tng mue"; we eat two meals 
 of rice and one of congee. tng ca mue", tng 
 me" mue", long-cong ngotng; that, with the 
 dish of congee taken on rising and the one 
 taken just before going to bed, makes five 
 meals in all. sa" thg toa tng no tng tiam-sim ; 
 three full meals and two luncheons. no tiig 
 
 cp cek tiig ciah ; eat two meals at once, i cek 
 tng kai hi khut nang ciah co cek jit ; the rice 
 he uses for one meal would supply another 
 person for a whole day. tng-tng ai" ciah ciu ; 
 wants to drink wine at every meal. cie° tno- 
 kau e tng, mueh cu sit bi ; the food loses its 
 •flavor between one meal and the next. tng 
 
 tng chi"; fresh food every meal. sa" tng ciah 
 hu kai, ui cai ; having eaten that at three 
 successive meals, am sick of it. 
 
 MM tng 130 
 
 n^ 27 ~9- 
 
 The intestines ; gut. 
 
 koi-tiig; the intestines of a 
 fowl. koi tiig hiin ; a vermicelli made from 
 
 bean flour, cha tu-tiig ; fried sausages. k\Vn 
 trig ; to stuff sausages. tiig to ; the inwards, 
 tu-tng tieh 16 cheng-khih ; the pigs' gut must 
 be soaked and scraped clean. ho sim-tng ; 
 
 kindly disposed. sim-tng m-hp ; not well 
 
 disposed. ka tng sua; cramp in the bowels, 
 thut trig than; a prolapsus of the rectum. 
 
550 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWITOW DIALICT. 
 
 tng 168 Long. 
 
 27 "0~ tek-kp ra kau tng ; the pole 
 is not long enough. khali tng; it is too long, 
 boi tng boi td ; it is neither too long nor too 
 short. sa° chieh tng; three feet long, co (fig 
 CO ;raake it a little longer. no Ing-tng ; vcrj 
 long indeed. ciah tng mla°; live a long life, 
 file" BU kii tng ; take forethought. da, si kii- 
 tng kui koi-cheh; this is a far-reaching scheme, 
 si i id khia tng-kp; he is tlie architect in this 
 work. cio"-se" op cia° u kii-tng; done thus it 
 will endure. b6ku-tng; not lasting. i mih 
 6U oi sSc" tng; in all sorts of matters he has 
 remarkable foresight. tng tng klii ; go right 
 on. mui" tng tng khu; do not continue to go 
 on so. mai° thi" kliali t/ig cam ; do not take 
 too long stitches. kiie tng kiie t<5 ; some are 
 more and some are less than the right length. 
 
 i Tjj *. ihcr 80 A famous dynasty which 
 /S 861 7 ruled China from A.D. 018 
 to 913 ; used for China and the Cliinese. 
 tng-iifmg; the Chinese. tng-sua"; China, ci 
 kfvi tiig-sua"-nung si sin-tfig a ISu-tng ? Is this 
 Chinaman a recent or an old immigrant here ? 
 Iiwn-p6i° cl" tng-sua" hok ; money eai*ned in 
 foreign lands will gain happiness in China. 
 
 >^* tng 60 Constantly; frequently; us- 
 rp ^740 8 ually. 
 
 i tng-tng \ki lin ci-kp ; he keeps coming here 
 to our house, i kui cu, tng-tng ki' m pat ; he 
 scarcely ever knows his lesson, f-u co Ho, tng- 
 tng ai" iTi it-tit ; after he has done a thing he 
 usually forgets all about it. 
 
 tng 82 A post station. 
 
 861 To thi-(ng; thi-lng-pp; the pro- 
 vincial officer over the postal department, 
 ceng-tun kak chit kai tng sin; reform the 
 postal system everywhere. 
 
 j^^ tng 82 A mansion; a hall ; a couH ; 
 '^rL 860 8 an official residence ; a public 
 establishment ; the principal room in a house; 
 a hospital ; a church or chapel ; large shops ; 
 the officer who presides in a court ; the persons 
 assembled in a hall ; to control with authority; 
 honorable, venerable ; a classifier of trials, 
 si^-ti^g ; an ancestral hall. i kai thia°-tng 
 
 khuah ; their hall is spacious. lai toa fng 
 
 teng thoi" kua" sim iia'; come to the great hall 
 and see the magistrate try the case, kua" hue 
 ceng chut lai CO liig ; the judge has not yet 
 taken his seat on the bench. cp-ni co toa tng 
 Elm ua°, m cp ji Ing sim ua° .? Why is the 
 session held in the outer, not the inner court ? 
 
 16i pai-tng ; a church or chapel. hut tng ; a 
 Buddhist temple. am Ing ; a temple wfth a 
 monastery connected, kong tng ; a public hall, 
 i pat CO kue khim tiig kai nang ; he is one 
 who has sat on the bench, has been a district 
 magistrate. tie-ciu hii cia'-tng si se" sim 
 
 much ? What is the surname of the prefect 
 of the Tidal Department ? hai-ie" kui' cia' tng 
 si so" hwn ; the surname of the Hai le district 
 magistrate is Hwn. cd-tiig, lu-tng; the two 
 deputies of a district magistrate, or the 
 aids of other officers. tng tng; in open 
 
 court. tng tiig kua" fi cp-ni twn-kak a b6 ? 
 Did the magistrate give any verdict in court? 
 aim kue n6 sa" Ing hwn-lio sim ru cheng-chd ; 
 has examined the case during two or three 
 sessions, and has not yet reached a conclusion, 
 pai Ing; a bride's worship in her husband's 
 house. hu c6k p6i" si kheh liig; on that side 
 is the reception room. tong-tng ; cabinet 
 
 ministers. c6ng-tok bI cbeng cp po-tng ; the 
 governor is called Governor General, ck-lng; 
 a bath hoase. kua" chfa" n&ng-kheh tu sa" 
 
 tng k6 ciah; the magistrate invites guests to 
 partake of a repast in the inmost hall. kua" 
 ce chut I&i cp tng tu io tng ; as soon as the 
 judge comes out and seats himself on the 
 bench the constables open the court by crying 
 oyez, oyez. kua" seng tiig a buo ? Has the 
 
 magistrate opened the court yet ? i"-keng sfm 
 h(5, thp tng ho ; the trial is already concluded 
 and the court dismissed. ci cek jira s! tJ- 
 
 tiang phai cp t6k tng ? Who is deputed to act 
 as clerk of the court under this incumbent ? 
 tng-loi ; fees due or expected from the clients 
 at the clo.se of a court session. chio tiig; an 
 audience hall, tang jit-tau sim kau jit-am tng 
 BU hwn-lio hue pit ; tried cases from noon until 
 dusk, and still did not finish up the business 
 before the court. cek p6i" m ka" kau trig ; 
 
 one party dared not appear in court, m cai si 
 eng kiie tiig cia" hd pang a si mien kiie tng; 
 do not know whether he must go through the 
 form of a trial before being set at liberty, ce" 
 tiig ; a place of Buddhistic retirement, where 
 people practise rites, but no wear no distinctive 
 garb, ce tng ; a retreat for vegetarians. 
 
 tng 69 To sunder; to break off; to 
 
 937 14 discontinue, 
 coih liig; to dissever. a tiig; to bend and 
 
 snap in two. liam tng ; to pinch apart, jwn 
 ku, ku m tng ; have tried all sorts of ways, 
 but cannot manage to saw it in two. ka tng 
 sph ; bit the rope in two. tok tng lo-thau, m 
 kiiu hu-kp ; broke off his journey, and did not 
 go there. cie°-si tng im-sin ; lately all com- 
 
DICTIONIRT OF THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 551 
 
 raunication by post has been suspended. hfa 
 th6i°-tieh tng tng ; that is heart-rending, 
 huang-khira tiig siia"; the kite has broken its 
 string, ka tiig toa ; cut the the girdle, ci tio 
 lo rii iSg nang, h6 tio lo tfig nung in ; on this 
 road you are not cut off from mankind, in that 
 one you are isolated both from travellers and 
 dwellings. i ku-a jit tiig ciii png ; he has 
 ceased to eat and drink during several days, 
 pang-tng, bo khu; has discontinued going. 
 
 tng 108 To rinse. 
 
 859 12 tng chili ; to wash the mouth, 
 ua" khu tng cheng-khih ; take the bowls and 
 rinse them clean. pai me" ia bo soi bo tng cu 
 khu ut ; goes to bed every night without wash- 
 ing or bathing at all. iu Jii" kio toa kai soi 
 kai s6i-s6i tng-tng ; and has besides to bathe 
 the children large and small. 
 
 "■ ^ "^ tng 1 A measure of length. 
 ^Jr^ 25 2 c&p chieh cek tng; ten feet 
 make an ell. cek ifig kui" kau chieh bo eng ; 
 for reaching ten feet a nine foot pole is useless. 
 
 vj^^ tng 85 ta-tiig ; spotless, pure, clean. 
 I^J** 994 "y ta-ta-{ fig-tug ; immaculately 
 clean, cek koi" ta-tng ta-tng ; the whole place 
 is exquisitely neat. 
 
 )^fh tiig 79 A section ; a piece ; a classifier 
 •f>iC 937 5 of sections, pieces, stories, 
 stages, or portions. 
 
 cok tng holi tng ; a very long piece. i ia ta" 
 chut cek tng to-li ; he also set forth a doctrine, 
 ci tio khoi pun-co kiii tiig ? How many reaches 
 is this river divided into ? ci cek cie" cu co 
 sa" tng lai thoi" ; we will consider this chapter 
 in three portions, than tng, tin-tang tiig, biio 
 tng ; the first, the middle, and the concluding 
 section. cia si i cek tiig ho sira ; this is like 
 his kindness. chun cek ko m cia" phien tng ; 
 have a little remaining that is not enough to 
 reckon as of any consequence. 
 
 ^^o ^ Histories ; chronicles ; biogra- 
 i^ 119 11 phies. 
 ko-tng ; ancient histories, ci chut hi si cie ko- 
 tng CO kai ; this play is compiled from ancient 
 histories. ci pang ko-tiig si ti-tiang co kai ? 
 Who composed this chronicle ? 
 
 tng 162 To meet ; to come unex- 
 1128 9 pectedly upon one. 
 tiig tieh i ; met him. tng m tleh ; did not 
 
 meet him. khu ku-a hue, bo cek tng tng tit 
 tieh ; went several times, and never once found 
 him there, to lo sie tng tieh ; met each other 
 in the road. 
 
 
 :ng 120 Satin. 
 
 937 9 tlu tng pho ; a silk shop, u 
 hue kai tng ; flowered satin. poih si tfig ; 
 
 glossy plain satin, kong tug ; the best quality 
 of satin. kdk tiig ; satin brocade. bang hii 
 tiig ; thick fine satin. 
 
 ^yft tng 102 To meet or occur; at the 
 ^^ 857 8 time of ; when, 
 i thku-tng peh-jit cu ka° chut lai ; he ventures 
 out in open day. 
 
 — to — 
 
 to 163 The place of the palace or 
 916 9 imperial ancestral temple ; 
 the capital or metropolis; all, altogether, ia 
 general ; pi'obably. 
 
 kia" to ; the capital. to sla°; the capital city, 
 ti-to kai ti-hng ; the region in which the 
 capital of the country is located. to-sia° kien 
 to tl-ko ? Where is the capital ? to-khun ; to- 
 hu; to-si; a major in the army, or a commander 
 in the navy; (there is one in each prefecture), 
 to-chak-i"; the Censorate. to-gu-su, hu to-gu- 
 su ; the President and Vice-President of the 
 Censorate. hie" to ; feudal villages, lia to m 
 khu ; I do not go there, i to ai"; he wants it. 
 nang to m ceng ; we have not. hiia° nang to 
 ra hau°; they ai-e all averse to it. peh-se" hue 
 to kcng i ; the common people revere him. 
 
 It 
 
 to 130 The belly; the stomach ; a 
 917 3 bellyful; a great deal ; the 
 temper or mind. 
 
 tokhuu; hungry. to pa; appetite satisfied, 
 to thia"; bellyache. cie" to, e to ; the upper 
 
 and lower portions of the belly. to-cai ; the 
 navel, to pak ; the paunch, nng-to ; the sides 
 of the belly. to phia"; the poi'tions of the 
 
 belly near the navel. thia" tieh tiig-to ti"; 
 
 have heard quite as much as I wish to of that, 
 i bo to-liang ; he is narrow minded. u to- 
 
 liang ; liberal minded, pak to-phe ; put on an 
 apron. kha-tng-to; the calf of the leg. to 
 tdi u mueh ; has something in his stomach or 
 his mind. to toi ii mueh cu co ti lai ; if there 
 is anything in him he will be able to do it. bo 
 ke kai to lai ciah ; am unable to eat any more, 
 to lai thong-thong ; is very clear-headed. bu 
 kai nang ciig kai bo to lai ; that fellow is 
 wholly destitute of mental ability. i leh to 
 khu tui i si ; he cut open his bowels and killed 
 himself in order to call down vengeance on 
 another. thia" Ifo khi kau cek to hue ; on 
 
 hearing it, was filled with burning rage, ciah 
 kau to kuai-kuai ; eats till he can hold no 
 more. to lak-lak ; pot-bellied. i kai sai-to 
 phu che°-kun ; he has varicose veins on his 
 
)52 
 
 nicxroNABr of the swatow dialect. 
 
 pauDcl). tie" to ; bloated bowels. to ngun, 
 tieh khieli mueh lui thuh to ; his bowels feel 
 cold, something mast be laid over thera. tieh 
 caiig cng, pue sic li'o, lui ii to ; must get a 
 brick and heat it, and put it to his bowels to 
 warm them. i kai td-tng chiun; he is shallow 
 minded. mill miJeh ctah cek to ; he stuffs 
 
 liimself with all sorts of stuff. to ceng-tie"; 
 
 dropsy of the bowels. thia" lio tlam-tiam 
 
 khng to to l^i ; heard it, and kept it laid up 
 carefully in his mind. phau-to ; colic. sia- 
 to ; diarrhea. to-kd; gripca. to-u ; feeling 
 of distension in the bowls. 
 
 R^ ^^ — "^^ ^®*' » ^ wager ; to stake ; 
 >Ih 916 9 to risk, 
 kira to ; prohibit gaming. kua"-hii chut k6-8l, 
 hi' liah t6-kun ; the magistrate has issued a 
 notice that gamblers will be seized. khui i6 
 tie"; keep a gambling hall. i ka" kio i t6 
 
 than ; she would risk her head on it. ka" 
 
 cu jl-ke khu sia to-thilu cfig ; if you dare do it, 
 we will both go and write out and sign a docu- 
 ment agreeing to do that for which the penalty 
 is death. i cii-iai to si p chiang siet t6 ; he 
 
 has hitherto harbored prostitutes and instituted 
 games of chance. ai" t6 m6 ? Will you bet ? 
 ai° t6 Sim mfieh ? What will you bet ? 
 
 To wrangle ; to contest ; to 
 fight ; to contend for ; to 
 
 t6 191 
 
 874 14 
 strive to excel, 
 hai-to ; to fight. kak hie" f"-keng ra ka" hai- 
 to ; the villages no longer dare engage in feuds, 
 liang-ke ti-kiiu ce''-tb ; the two got into a quar- 
 rel, ji-ke td to-khi ; they are having an angry 
 dispute. to hli to khu bp su ia"; had a sharp 
 fight in which neither got the advantage. 16 
 thoi" ti-tiang kui keng chai hii ngi'a ; strive and 
 see whose display shall be the most gorgeous, 
 li'ang ho" sio t6 ; two tigers fighting. no nang 
 to to ITik ; the two are wrestling to see who is 
 the stronger. i to i m kue ; he cannot get 
 
 the better of her. to-chiu ; to compete. ib 
 sai ci°; rival in expenditure. 
 
 44 To butcher. 
 
 9 kim to; to prohibit the slaugli- 
 
 t6 
 
 918 
 ter of animals for food. khui t6; remove the 
 prohibition to slaughter animals. to ho ; 
 
 butchers, khui gu to ; open a butcher's shop, 
 to thau ; the owner of a slaughter-house. 
 
 to 31 A plan, draveing, diagram or 
 
 918 11 chart, 
 ue ti-to; draw maps. cf pak tMi.t6 ue lai 
 
 meng-p6h; this map of the roads is plainly 
 drawn. sua" t6 li liam to tia" toi a bo ? Is 
 
 the map of the burial place pasted on the state- 
 ment entered at the yamun or not ? ko kai oi 
 ue kai lai kuai to; hire some one who can draw 
 to delineate a plan of it. i kai to kaai lui m 
 meng-peh ; their chart is not drawn in such a 
 way as to make the location of objects plain, 
 ci'a si thi"-e kak kok ksii chwn to ; this is a 
 map of the whole world. tong-kok kui ti-to ; 
 a map of China, ue tie" chu-kek kfii t6 ; draw 
 up a plan of the house. 
 
 to 53 A kitchen. 
 
 93 12 id pang ; a cook-house. t6 c/j 
 a cook. tng t6 pang ; act as cook for an 
 
 official. kwn t6 ; head butler. kua' g6 IRi 
 kai kie-co to-pang, cfu-kwn kai kie-co t6-cf, 
 h&ng-pho kwn-thau Cng kai, kie cp hue-thau ; 
 cooks have three different appellations, accord- 
 ing as they are employed in a yamun, a res- 
 taurant, or in a private bouse. 
 
 A-l-^ 4f|fr to-kilu The mole cricket. 
 !^ M ^}!C 431 tO-kau m ciah khang kbda 
 chiiu ; the mole cricket does not eat the grass 
 at the entmnce to his own burrow, cu tC-kau; 
 drive out mole crickets by leading water into 
 their holes. i slo* khi lui c5 b6 c\, cQ khii 
 
 phi\u t5-k&u ; he could not come to any fixed 
 purpose by thinking, and so went and hung 
 himself. 
 
 tj *^ 1^ -^ sacrificial dish ; a charger. 
 .SLm 874 ua ai" phah ngo kui siali to ; 
 I want a set of sacrificial vessels made. cieh 
 cek hii chu kdi t6 lai eng ; borrow a set of 
 wooden platters to use. to-piia"; a trencher, 
 boi ke cek ie" cho°-kuai l^i cho pai-to ; buy 
 another sort of fruit to make up tlio full com- 
 plement of dishes to set before a god. cho 
 
 ngo to ; fill the set of sacrificial dishes. 
 
 ^^^ to 32 to-pun ; rubbish ; litter ; dirt. 
 —t-*.^ 918 lU put tlo to-pun ; clear away the 
 litter. hu kp tab ji bp nang to to-pun ; a 
 
 placard is stuck up forbidding people to throw 
 rubbish there. to-pun taa ; a dust-pan. 
 
 An error by which some one 
 is disappointed; loss, waste. 
 
 t6 116 
 
 875 15" 
 damage. 
 
 pi to peh chut ; a trifling error has many bad 
 results. sim se° gi-to ; he entertains a dis- 
 
 trust of it. laug pp bp gi-to ; cannot guaran- 
 tee that there will be no remissness. 
 
 U-Ia to 130 A stomacher; tripe. 
 a}.1a 917 3 gu to; ie° to, tu to; tripe of 
 oxen, sheep or swine, pjik kai ang ie-to; wore 
 a red stomacher. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALBCT. 
 
 653 
 
 io 85 A fervy. 
 917 9 kue to; cross the ferry. tah 
 to-eiin ; go on board ft ferry-boat. to-cu» ci"; 
 ferriage. kau hie" p6i° kai to-cuii-thau ; 
 
 arrived at the other end of the ferry. pai to 
 kiio khu ; make a pontoon bridge across, the" 
 to kai; a ferryman, hiang to ; licensed ferry- 
 boats, bo to cun cii e kue khu ; if there is no 
 ferry we will wade across. 
 
 to 167 To wash with gold ; gilded. 
 917 9 to kim kai thau-chah; gilded 
 head-ornaments. ci sang chia-hwn ai" to 
 
 kim ; want these bracelets washed with gold. 
 ci tio nguii-lien hd to kim me? Can this silver 
 chain be washed with gold ? 
 
 to 53 A measure, a test, a degree, 
 917 "6" a limit; a degree of latitude 
 or longitude ; an interval in music ; a rule, a 
 regulation ; capacity, endurance ; to bring 
 under rule ; to form by law ; to pass, as time ; 
 to ford. 
 
 huap to ; regulations ; by-laws ; restrictions, 
 to jit ju ni ; a day seems like a year in passing, 
 hui-eng in ho kue to ; do not exceed the fixed 
 allowance in your expenses. oi tit to se" kiie 
 jit cu h<5 ; if I have enough to live on for the 
 time being that is sufficient. to sio ; certain 
 times, periods or distances. eng sim-mih 
 
 to sio ? What is the unit of measure ? bo to ; 
 without bounds ; no restraint ; lawless. ciah 
 kai much bq to ; eat inordinately of a certain 
 kind of food. i kai to-liang khuah-toa ; he 
 is very liberal. cak-to-sai ; special officers in 
 the Ming dynasty sent to look after the 
 revenue of the provinces. mih su tieh u kai 
 cak-to ; in all things there must be certain 
 fixed limits. ti jieh coi, kai to ? About how 
 many are there ? cie°-se° tiii-tui kah-to kah- 
 to ; this is just exactly in accordance with 
 the limit set. cia m kah lia kai to ; this is 
 
 not suited to my capacity, lu ai" boi sim-mih 
 ci° to ? To what price do you wish to limit 
 3 ourself in purchasing ? ci ko kai to io soi ; 
 the limit here is narrower. khah to to ; too 
 short measure. tieh ka io tng to ce ; must 
 
 give rather longer measure. ci khi p6 io oih 
 to ; this cloth is narrower. phit ii 6i to khu 
 boi cia° kah ; take the measure of her shoes 
 when going to buy a new pair, and then they 
 will fit. 
 
 — toa — 
 
 toa 104 A disease of women, 
 846 11 chiah toa ; a bloody dis- 
 charge from the womb, not menstrual. pdh 
 toa ; fiuor albus. 
 
 ^Jb ioa 50 A sash ; a ribbon ; a girdle ; 
 IM 846 8 to draw along by a string ; to 
 take along with one; to lead, 
 ie-toa; a waistband. p^k toa; tie a sash, 
 
 kak toa; to buckle a belt. kak-toa-thau ; a 
 belt-buckle, bueh toa; garters, ie-to-toa; a 
 girdle. khb-thau-toa ; a band to hold the 
 
 trowsers in place, kha-kho-tba ; garters worn 
 with pantalets. pi-pe toa ; a ribbon, ci kai 
 nang si ti-tiang toa kai ? Who brought this 
 person here ? ci cek toa kai ti-hng ngia cHi ; 
 the country round here is very picturesque, 
 min-sek toa ng ; his complexion is becoming 
 sallow. min peh toa ang ; his face is ruddy, 
 sd-si toa to sin ; the key is on my person. iIi 
 cai toa raak-kia" lai ; did not think to brino" 
 my spectacles, toa pia" kua°; the leader of the 
 troops. pang-toa; the lieutenant commander, 
 toaiong; the vanguard. congtoa; the com- 
 mander-in-chief. toa kua ke-kvVn lai ; brought; 
 his family with him. 
 
 yfet toa 85 To put into water and stir 
 imi 870 8 about ; to wash sand out from 
 rice, or dust from grain ; to clean from sand by 
 
 washing. 
 
 toa tio sua ; wash out the sand. bi tieh toa 
 
 kue ; the rice must be washed by stirring it 
 about in water. 
 
 ^^ toa 137 A rudder; the helm, 
 
 910 5 liah toa ; to steer, cfin toa; 
 the rudder. si i to hiia° toa ; it is he who ia 
 steering the thing through. eng tau toa-ge a 
 mien ? Should the lever be set into the rudder ? 
 sie-hu leng toa ; help turn the helm. bo toa ; 
 rudderless. ciiang cih nang kai toa ; collided 
 with and broke the rudder of another man's 
 vessel. cau-hue u ke c§k miig toa to kp ; for- 
 tunately we have another rudder, toa koi" ce; 
 toa than ce ; port the helm. toa khang ce ; 
 
 toa pe° ce ; starboard the helm. i cau cie° 
 
 toa khu ; he is cornered ; he has no place of 
 escape. toa hue; the part of the rudder that 
 is in the water. 
 
 toa 120 To creep and twine as a vine 
 
 510 15 does, 
 tin toa to chlu teng ; the creeper twines about 
 the tree. kue oi toa cie" pe a bue ? Has the 
 gourd run up the trellis yet ? i kai tin toa 
 
 lai toa khu, toa mua"-ti-ko ; the creeper has 
 run hither and thither over everything, 
 
 -JU* toa 37 Large, big ; plump ; promi- 
 XV 839 nent ; important ; highly ; ex- 
 treme ; to grow, 
 toa ko ; a large piece, toa ki sam j a big log. 
 
554 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THB S^ITOW DIALKCT. 
 
 toa ciah ciiii ; a large boat. t5a liap bi ; rice 
 of large kernel. li'u kAi toa kliang ; dig 
 
 a large hole. cf-ktii toa ; this is the biggest, 
 ci-kai toa hu-kdi ; ci-kai toa ku)hu-kui; this 
 is larger than that, cek toa b5 ; a large sized 
 one. nang kru"-toa ; is tall and stout. sin- 
 liang toa ; a burly figure, kha pa chiu pa toa 
 ki cJii ; large limbed. t6a-b<5-mueh ; a great 
 deal ; ever so many. toa-to ; pot-bellied, 
 
 khuali toa ; roomy. tng toa ; long and large, 
 tang i (6a; wait till he is grown. chi i toa; 
 bring him up to manhood. Iftu toa; advanced 
 in years ; old people. toa nang ; an adult, 
 
 toa iTi tang; not of the same size, toa-toa kfii 
 hok-khi ; very groat bliss, toa ta"; presuming; 
 audacious. toa tti" cu-nio ke ui uftng; a bold 
 woman pretending to be bashful. toa hd ; 
 
 excellent. toa m-h6 ; extremely bad. i boi 
 toa; it will not grow any larger, chi boi toa; 
 will not live to grow up. cfa khue toa; this 
 grows rapidly. li-li toa; grows continually, 
 toa sia" ji'ang ; scream loudly. ta" toa ue ; 
 
 talk in a blustering style. ci'a si khiam i kui 
 toa cc ; this is a life-long trouble for him. kI 
 toa nTmg a 8i a-no"-kiii"? Is it an adult or a 
 child ? i ksli toa nang lu hau"; her elders in 
 the household will not consent to it. H sira- 
 mih toa su ; has some important business on 
 hand, ci toa kai ; slang toa kai ; cue toa kai ; 
 kek toa kai ; tcng toa kiii ; the very largest 
 ones. sIm toa ; it teng toa ; slang teng toa ; 
 the largest. t5a kue sua"; larger than a 
 
 mountain. c6 toa Qi ; sit in the chief seat, 
 
 pc" kui" pS° toa; of the same height and 
 breadth. cfa si ua kai toa kai ; this is my 
 
 eldest, toa tau-kia"; eldest son. toa cau-kia"; 
 eldest daughter. toa kQ ; the eldest of my 
 
 uncles. ua toa i sa" hue; I am three years 
 
 older than she. vl kai toa, u kai soi ; some 
 
 are large and some are small. ke iSi tieh Q 
 
 toa u soi ; the rules regulating the conduct of 
 seniors and juniors must be observed in the 
 household. toa-toa soi-sbi long-cong jich 
 
 coi nang ? Gi*eat and small, how many people 
 are there altogether? toa ch&i-cheug, toa 
 
 pun-nia; great intellectual and great executive 
 ability. toa chu toa-uang-uang ; a large and 
 roomy dwelling, toa mng; the main entrance, 
 toa cieh-thio ; the main pillar. toa e°; the 
 
 main beam. he toa loi ; o£Per large gifts, lo 
 toa ; ju-keng toa ; larger. jii toa jii hd ; 
 
 the larger the better. toa cih ; tongue-tied ; 
 stammering, toa-chi toa-chi ne ; a big stupid 
 lout. toa thi" toa ti ; the great universe. 
 
 toa tng pell jit ; in broad daylight, in open 
 day. toa jit cf ; an important time, ci k&i 
 
 gfteb toa ; this month has thirty days in it. 
 
 than toa huang; a higU wind is blowing, loli 
 toa ho; a heavy fall of rain, sai toa ci"; spend 
 largo sums, co toa se"-jit; make a great birth- 
 day party. toa ke toa si ; toa mo" toa iu°; a 
 great ado. se" Ifii toa lo" toa sie"; toa sin toi 
 hu ; large framed ; big and brawny. toa-to.i 
 hua"-hi ; greatly delighted. i toa iTi hua°-hi ; 
 he is much displeased. huah toa huah ; tako 
 long strides. toa chio toa ta"; laugh and talk 
 boisterously, khah toa ; too large, tong-thun- 
 toa; of medium size, ti toa bo; wear a fringed 
 hat. toa ti'a" pig ; a large pan of rice. cp 
 cek toa chili tliuii loh khu ; swallow it all 
 down at one mouthful. khui toa siu ; yell 
 with all one's might. toa thui toa p^ng li-li 
 phah ; kept on striking him with heavy blows, 
 bu toa phau ; fire off a big cannon. pang toa 
 cheng; fire the great gun. kio i toa su ia"; 
 contest it with him. toa se' khi ; very angry, 
 toa ceng koi ; hens of a large breed. 
 — toa" — 
 
 flL toa' 8 A carnation or cinnabar color. 
 y4 841 8 bo-toa"; the peony. i kiii 
 
 siam kI iu kok-toa°; their folding doors are 
 painted with red lead. 
 
 ^^ toa" 80 Single, alone, isolated, by it- 
 - Tj * 349 9 self ; a single garment; odd ; 
 an individual; credible; that which is surety of 
 belief, a bill, check, or receipt ; to surround or 
 wrap ; only, but, nothing but. 
 toa" kai ; a single one. toa' nftng; a single 
 
 individual, toa" ciah cun ; but one boat, toa" 
 tie" chng; one solitary table. toa" kha t6k 
 
 chi'u ; single-handed. toa" si cie'-se"; that is 
 all there is to be said about it. toa" sa" tdk 
 tah ciah ; had nothing on but one short jacket, 
 toa" pi" khek oh chie ; it is hard to sing with- 
 out accompaniment. toa' pi" phit be ; a 
 solitary horseman ; all alone. tea" sin ; by 
 one's self ; one alone. phue toa"; the cover of 
 a Chinese coverlet. ngun toa"; a draft, a bill 
 of exchange, siu toa"; a receipt, ieh toa"; a 
 promisory note. cng toa"; list of missing 
 articles, cng toa'; ke cng toa'; a list of articles 
 forming a bride's dowry. nek t-oa"; an order 
 for pork. kue toa°, ciu toa"; an order for 
 cakes and for wine, khui toa"; write an order, 
 khui cek tie" toa'-kia"; wrote out a permit, 
 hue toa'; a bill of lading, an invoice. mueh 
 toa"; a written order for articles. 
 
 D toa" 72 Actors who take the female 
 _ti. 851 1 parts in a play, 
 hue-toa", lam-sa"-toa", o-sa"-t6a°; those acting 
 the part of young, of middle-aged, and of old 
 women. bu toa"; Amazons. c€k tui ho seng 
 toa"; a couple of excellent performers, one 
 
DICTIONARY OF THK SWATOTT DIALICT. 
 
 555 
 
 An open altar on which to 
 offer sacrifices ; a terrace for 
 
 acting male, and the other female parts. a- 
 nng To CO a-toa"; a young man having the 
 prettiness of a woman. 
 
 "ffM t6a" 57 To fillip ; to thrum on string- 
 3"^^ 852 12 ed instruments ; to snap ; to 
 mark as with a line. 
 
 toa" khiin ; to play the lute. toa" pi-pe; to 
 
 play the viol. toa" phue-mi"; to bowstring 
 
 raw cotton for coverlets. mi" toa" kau sang- 
 eang phong-phong ; the cotton has been bow- 
 Btriiiged till it is very light and fluffy. giieh- 
 hi" si i toa" lai I'o hp ; he plays the guitar best, 
 toa" sa"-hi"; thrum the banjo. toa" tio buk 
 
 sua"; make a line by snapping a cord blackened 
 in ink. toa" hun-sua"; make a chalk line, 
 toa" tio cek sai ; snuff the candle. 
 
 fmi t6a° 32 
 M 854 13 
 
 worship. 
 
 kien kai toa"; erect an altar. siet kua 
 
 cek kai toa", jit me° to pai ; set np an altar 
 and worship day and night. ti toa" to i 
 
 chu lui ; set up the implements of worship in 
 his house. ci cek toa" hut su siu jieh coi ci" ? 
 How much did they receive for officiating this 
 time in the Buddhist rite ? ci cek toa" cie eng 
 BU-hui jieh coi ngua? What will be the expense 
 of this religious performance ? khi-thau-e cu 
 sie hu ceng toa" ; the first thing is to burn 
 charms to purify the altar, ci kai khang-chng 
 ai" CO phu-toa" am? Do you want this divan 
 made witli a step to mount it by ? hua" nfing 
 peh-cie" phu-toa" teng ko pai ; they all mounted 
 upon the altar steps and worshipped. 
 
 I^t toa" 31 An agglomeration ; a globu- 
 1^1 938 11 lar mass ; united ; lump-like; 
 to group; to dwell together; to round off. 
 t6a"-i"; full, as the moon ; closely united, as 
 husband and wife ; grouped in one scene, as 
 the actors in a play at the fall of the curtain ; 
 having the same pursuits, interests, and resi- 
 dence, as a harmonious family ; lumping it; 
 coalescing. thoi" hi ngo tieh nang t6a".i° ; 
 
 ■went to the performance just at the fall of the 
 curtain. hap ke t6a"-i°; the whole family 
 
 dwell together in unity. gueh toa"-!" ; the 
 
 moon is full. 
 
 I^g^ toa" 61 Nerveless ; indolent ; remiss. 
 R 910 9 lang-toa" ; lazy, m-hp toa" ; 
 don't be indolent. toa" kiie th^ng ; slower 
 
 than a slug, i kai n^ng pang-toa" ; he is very 
 languid. lak ciah, toa" cph ; vigorous in eat- 
 ing, slothful in work. ai" khu thit-tho, sie" 
 tieh toa" ; am indifferent about going out for 
 
 recreation, i cie" tSa" thak, cSl tit pat ? Since 
 he is so listless in study, how can he learn ? 
 
 ^^E. toa" 1G7 To cut in stone. 
 
 )Htl| 1012 13 toa" td cieh kp ; graven 
 
 upon stone. ci kp cieh-pi toa" lai ngia cSi ; 
 
 this grave-stone is beautifully cut. sua" toa" 
 
 kau tit-tit; the lines in the stone are cut very 
 
 straight. 
 
 nta ^^^" — "^^ fillip ; to snap; to accuse ; 
 y-^ 852 12 to depreciate, 
 i khut thsing-ci toa" tieh ; he was hit by a 
 pellet from a cross-bow. liap thang-ci khu 
 
 kau tui-tui toa" tieh i kai cio-thau ; the clay 
 ball from the bow flew and hit the bird exactly 
 on the head. i khut giS-su toa" tio khu ; he 
 
 was reported against by the censor. 
 
 — toah — 
 
 toah 80 To shout at; to scold. 
 
 216 9 toah chai; to applaud, toah 
 i kia" khui ; tell him to get out of the way. 
 toah cu i ; make them stop by reprimanding 
 them, u u toah toah ; to nag and scold. ce 
 toah i, i clu m ka"; if you would reprimand 
 him, he would not dare do it. toah leng cie- 
 se" CO ; set him on to do so. toah kau m chut 
 miig ; (weather) that a dog would not go out 
 in. u o toah tau ! Clear the way there ! toah 
 mug ; crossly question. he toah ; shout at 
 
 threateningly. 
 
 — toi — 
 
 J ^H toi 32 A dike ; a bund ; a causeway. 
 j^ 877 9 thp i khu sak toi ; ask them 
 to give him over to stop up a breach in tho 
 dike with, kak chu kai toi-ngai kien-ku ; tho 
 embankments everywhei'e are strong. toi pi"; 
 beside the causeway. toi kha ; the base of 
 
 the causeway. kia" tue toi teng khu ; went 
 
 along on the top of the dike. cph toi ; make 
 a dike. phai nang khu tok toi ; depute some 
 one to superintend the work on a dike. pang 
 toi ; the caving in of a dike. siu toi ; repair 
 the dike. ciii pua" toi ; the water comes in 
 
 over the dike. 
 
 ItJ^^ toi 145 The crotch of a pair of 
 T^ 858 13 trowsers. 
 lang toi kho ; a child's open trowsers. ci kai 
 kho kai kho-tdi cheng lai khah tau-pak ; these 
 trowsers are too tight in the crotch. kho-toi 
 mai" ka khah thiii to ; do not cut the trowsers 
 so that they will be baggy in the crotch. 
 
 Ij^ toi 53 The base; the bottom; be- 
 /Jo^ 878 5 low ; underneath ; to reach the 
 bottom. 
 
656 
 
 DICTIONART OF THB SWATOW DULECF. 
 
 ua" kai klia-thang toi ; put a new bottom in a 
 wash-tub. lira to hai-toi ; sink to the bottom 
 of the sea. su ui" If kaa thiet-toi ; will settle 
 the affair thoroughly. ua cai i ksii toi-soi ; 
 
 I know all its details. toi teh-thap khui; the 
 bottom has been crushed in by the weight 
 above, tiie to ua" toi kai tieh soi cheng-khih; 
 you must wash out all that adheres to the 
 bottom of the bowl, hu toi thoi'-ki" hiu-hin ; 
 can see tlie bottom plainly. bo toi ; bottom- 
 less, tluo loh khu khia (p ce° toi ; jumped 
 down and stood in the bottom of the well, oi 
 cp toi a boi ? Has it sunk to the bottom ? 6i- 
 toi ; the solo of a shoe. bueh-toi tieh chwn 
 bak ce ; the Foles of the stockiDgs must be 
 darned to make them thick. mak t6i hd cili ; 
 is sharp eyed. thng m kau hu toi ; did nob 
 probe to the bottom of it. i kfii ue ta" chut 
 lai u hu. toi sia"; he speaks with a resonant 
 voice. i kai khek cliie lai ]\6 thia", fi &u toi ; 
 his ballads are well sung, with a fine volume 
 of sound. i ktli cun tot si teng tilng kai ; the 
 bottom of the vessel is coppered. 
 
 toi 145 The inside; inner; within* 
 519 7 ill cSl i sim toi cp-ni sle'; do 
 not know what he thinks in his heart. khng 
 to tu toi ; put it away in the cupboard. hu 
 
 toi tang m cai iu-ui cp-ni ; do not know what 
 is the matter with it inside; do not know what 
 is the real trouble in the case. thng kaa hii 
 toi-toi ; probe it down to the inmost part. i 
 tiam to khang t6i ; he hides in his hole, chui 
 toi kam mih kai ? What has she got in her 
 mouth ? chiu tdi te° sim mueh ? What does he 
 clasp in his hand ? rang to ci toi; here it is in 
 here. pang to keh toi ; put it in the drawer. 
 
 m 
 
 i6i 64 To stay up ; to hold away ; to 
 
 878 6 ward off. 
 toi tit cu a toi m cu ? Can you by pushing 
 against it, stop it from falling? bp mueh h3 
 toi i ; have nothing to oppose to its onset, tin- 
 pfii li hd toi, to li ho tok ; ward, off with the 
 shield, and hack with the sword. 
 
 t6i 157 A hoof, solid or cleft. 
 
 883 9 be toi, tu toi; the hoofs of 
 horses and of swine, cp sang thih-6i p&k pang 
 be toi kp ; make a pair of iron shoes and fasten 
 them on the horse's hoof. ah toi kha ; splay- 
 footed. ie°-t6i chau ; the dock, used as a 
 vermifuge. 
 
 toi 181 A theme, a subject for writ- 
 . ,^ 883 9 ing upon ; the title or argu- 
 ment of a book ; an inscription ; to subscribe ; 
 to write ; to compose. 
 
 kfci"-jit chut 8im-mih toi ? What is the subject 
 given out to-day as the theme of the essays ? 
 toi-mak chut a bue ? Has the list of themes 
 been given oat yet? toi-thau soi" si'a; write 
 the title first, si so tSi ; common topics, kia" 
 toi ; classical subjects. Ifm toi ; arguraentativo 
 themes. si t6i ; subject of a poem. hii toi ; 
 subject of an ode. cheh rang toi ; subject of 
 inquiry. toa t6i, soi t6i ; an important or un- 
 important topic. cia cu si si'e toi toa cp ; this 
 is making much of a small matter. i cang 
 
 ci kii Qe khia cp toa toi mak ; he is making a 
 great deal out of these few words, cia si lang 
 t6i siang khau kai ue ; this is a hard problem 
 to solve ; it is a difficult job. t6i tio si to piah 
 teng ; write verses on a wall. t6\ ci"; to sub- 
 scribe an amount of money. Q nfing toi ke Q 
 n&ng tdi kfam ; some subscribed more and some 
 less. Q n&ug tOi cp kiii ti" hue, fl nftng toi cp 
 kui ki sam ; some subscribed a certain number 
 of picals of lime, and some subscribed several 
 sticks of timber. 
 
 — toi" — 
 rib (6i" 12 To mortgage. 
 Z^y^ 894 6 toi' ch&ng; to mortgage a 
 field, toi" chii ; mortgage a house, cwn toi"; 
 to sub-mortgage. 
 
 toi" 118 A consecutive rank or place; 
 
 879 5 placed before numbers it 
 forms the ordinal ; to grade ; to arrange in a 
 series. 
 
 t6i" it, tSi' jl, toi" sa"; first, second, third, or 
 firstly, secondly, thirdly. t6i° it mia"; the 
 
 name at the head of the list, i p&i to toi" kiii 
 kp ? What is its order in the series ? liet chii 
 toi"-liet hd li'o ; the place which each is to 
 occupy in the series is already assigned. toi" 
 kui ho ? Of what grade is it ? liet teng toi"; 
 ranged in the higest rank. ii mng-toi" chut 
 
 sin kai nang kio bo mng-toi" chut sin kai nang 
 ra tang ; those who had a standing in the 
 literary ranks before entering into public life, 
 are unlike those who had not such a standing. 
 
 pi^ toi" 169 The threshold or sill of a 
 
 1^ 1141 8 door. 
 
 mixg toi" m hd khia ; do not stand on the door 
 sill. toa ke mng t6i°; a broad sill. pak tio 
 mng t5i"; to take away the door sill. huah 
 
 mng toi"; step over the door sill. cleh mng 
 
 toi"; stone threshold. i peh mng toi" peh m 
 kiie ; he cannot get over the sill. 
 
 m 
 
 toi" 9 Tenants ; field hands. 
 896 5 toi" ho ; tenants, chang toi"; 
 lessees of land. hng toi"; the lessee of a 
 
DICriOXAHT or THB SWATOW DULKCT, 
 
 657 
 
 (ho (onaiit of a house, pbo 
 toi"; the one wlio rents and occupies a shop. 
 toL" SI liliimg ? AVlio is the tenant ? b6° t6i"; 
 a rnaslei-ful tenant. tio toi"; eject a tenant, 
 
 hue toi"; give information to tenants of a 
 cljange of landlords. kii toi" seng cieh ; and 
 old tenant becomes an old settler. 
 
 3Kz? toi" 174 Indigo, or any of the blue 
 fjAt 897 8 ^ dyes found in China. 
 che"-toi° si che" co kai ; indigo is made from 
 the indigo plant, ic" toi"; prussian blue, lam 
 toi"; indigo blue. toi" kng ; a bine dye-pot. 
 toi" hue ; the indigo as it floats on the liquor, 
 toi" tiii ; dregs in the bottom of the indigo vats, 
 che" cira to hak toi, au ku, cu co toi"; the 
 indigo plant, leaves and stalks, after being put 
 into lime water and long soaked, becomes 
 indigo. toi" thang ; the vats in which indigo 
 is made. 
 
 Hn< toi"* 79 A high and grand hall; a 
 l^^)\ 896 9 palace ; the hall of audience; 
 a. main building in a temple, 
 cek CO keng-toi"; kim Iwn toi" ; a royal palace, 
 thai-cu uang-ia cheng-co toi°-e ; crown princes 
 are address as "Your Highness." toa toi" ; 
 
 cia" toi"; the main building in a temple. coi" 
 toi", 5u toi", phien toi" ; the building in 
 the front, at the back, or on the side, in a 
 temple. 
 
 ^^ toi" 32 Dense; compact; sound; solid; 
 
 HHl 380 8 firm; hard ; concrete ; lasting. 
 ci ie" p6 10 toi"; this sort of cloth wears better, 
 toi" cha ; hard wood. cia sam toi", hi'a sam 
 
 pha"; this deal is of compact fiber, while that is 
 light and porous, toi" kue thih; more durable 
 than iron. ka"-bp phu buo kau, khah toi"; the 
 yeast has not fermented in it sufficiently, and 
 it is too heavy. ci khi cieh toi*" cSi ; this sort 
 of stone is very hard. chie" ceng lai toi°-toi°; 
 the wall is pounded very hard. i kai chu khi 
 lai boi toi"; his house is not strongly built. 
 
 — toih — 
 
 j ^C^ toih 116 oih-toih; narrow, contracted, 
 p* 959 5 cramped. hu l5i 6ih-t6ih, 
 CO long tit hie" coi nang ? Since there is very 
 little room in there, how can it hold so many 
 persons ? 
 
 — tok — 
 tok 112 To chop ; to cut with a large 
 315 4 knife and a downward stroke. 
 
 mai" tok tieh chiu ; do not chop your hand, 
 kien kau tok khih to ; it is so hard as to break 
 a piece out of the knife when chopping it. 
 
 m 
 
 7f$J^ tok 109 An overseer; a superior ; to 
 ^^ 921 8 oversee, 
 cong-tok; governor-general. ci kai thi-tok si 
 Ick lo kai a si cui-su kai ? Is this commander 
 one who directs the military or the naval oper- 
 ations of the province ? thi-tok hfik-ceng ; the 
 provincial director of examinations. wt-hai- 
 kwn kam-tok ; the collector of customs at Can- 
 ton, ho-tok si kwn-li ng-ho kai cong-tok ; the 
 River commissioner is one who attends to all 
 matters connected with the navigation of the 
 Yellow River. chau-un cong-tok ; the Com- 
 missioner in charge of the Grand Canal. tok 
 pia" khu kio i cien ; lead the troops out to bat- 
 tle with him. ka-ki chut lai tok tin ; himself 
 came out to head the troops. ti-tiang to tok 
 kang ? Who superintends the work ? i ka- 
 tok khu ngiam cSi ; he gave the strictest 
 instruction concerning it. tok-ceh kia°-ti hue 
 mai" theng cp ; admonish the children not to 
 act carelessly. ka-ki tok phoi" hiie-mueh ; 
 
 himself looks after the goods. phai nkng to 
 tok-li; depute some one to attend to it. 
 
 tok 118 
 >W^7 921 10 
 
 gard seriously, 
 i 10 tok-sit ; he is the more reliable, i pheng- 
 sii tok sin ci kia" su ; he formerly had implicit 
 confidence in that sort of thing. kau pe° tok 
 kai si-hau cu khu ham i a-hia° lai ; when his 
 ailment became serious, they went and called 
 his brother, i kid pe" si ngui-tok ; his disease 
 is eminently dangerous. 
 
 tok 18 To chop fine ; to raince ; to 
 910 6 hash with a chopping knife ; 
 to cut up fine by chopping with two knives, 
 tok chui ce ; hash it finer. tok cp nek-chp ; 
 
 chop it up into hash. i khut ceng nsing tok 
 cp nek-cie"; he was hacked into mince-meat by 
 the populace. tok nek i" ; meat balls. tok- 
 nek-chp ; hash. cek e to tok Iph kliu cp no 
 
 kueh ; chopped in two by one stroke of the 
 knife. 
 
 Sincere ; honest ; to bo im- 
 portant, real or great ; to re- 
 
 To beat down hard as a thresh- 
 ing floor ; to ram down the 
 
 earth ; to erect, 
 tok be-thau ; make a jetty. tok toi ; make a 
 dike. tok tio cieh li ; to build a stone wall, 
 
 sin tok kai phau-thai ; the newly made fort. 
 
 tok 96 To work in gems; to cut 
 
 82 8 precious stones, 
 khua" ne tio khua" ne tok ; slowly cut and 
 polish. gek put tok cu put s^ng khi ; an un- 
 wrought gem is of no use. 
 
558 
 
 DICTIONIET or THB STTATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 tok 94 Solitaiy, alone, isolated, by 
 921 13 one's self; widowed or child- 
 less ; left alone ; one's own consciousness or 
 what is only felt by himself ; one of ; only; yet. 
 ni iSu, bo kfa°, kie-o6 tok; when old and child- 
 less one is said to be lone, tok muk; one eyed, 
 tok kha ; one legged, tok kha, t6k chia, co m 
 lui ; cannot do it single-handed, tok kai phi" 
 khang ; loss of the dividing cartilage in the 
 nose, tok ciah hi"; has only one ear. kiia tok 
 ciali hi"-kau ; wears a single earring. tdk-tu 
 cek n&tig; all by himself. 16k c6, bd lio; sit 
 alone and without companions. t6k l&k, Ifing 
 thi ; cannot brace it up with only the strength 
 of one individual. t6k ki lu cp-ni clali ? How 
 can one eat with a single chopstick ? toa" 
 
 t6k s! i tia"; it is no one but him. t6k-tok si 
 lia cu ki"; 1 am the only one who wants it. 
 chfin tok cfo ; my lone self, phah tok chong ; 
 fire a single gun. i pang <ng, tok slen, si tfti 
 kiii keh ; he has square intestines and a single 
 kidney and is a man of extraordinary powers. 
 cS t6k khhng; sit alone on the divau. t6k- 
 kak ; solitary, single, 
 
 tok 162 To drive or push out ; to 
 97 7 expel, to order away, to ex- 
 orcise ; out going, 
 kiia'-tok ; evict ; drive out. tok chub gua 
 
 hng; ejected and driven away. i"-keng pun 
 lia t6k tio khu ; has already been ejected by 
 me. i a-pe c6ug pfn-tok kne kai ; one whom 
 his father has disinherited and turned out of 
 doors. teng-teng t6k-t6k ; to gad about. ci 
 kdi tl-hng 10 cie teng-t6k ; there is but little 
 running to and fro in social intercourse here- 
 abouts, ci png si jip tok pho ; this is the 
 memorandum of what is daily brought in and 
 sent out ; the day-book of a merchant. i si 
 toa°-toa" boi jit-tok a si fi boi thp-hiie ? Does 
 he sell what he daily buys or does he take in 
 and sell on commission ? 
 
 ^^ tok 120 A large triangular standard 
 jf^^ 922 19 carried before a chief ; a 
 banner. ci toa tok-ki ; offer sacrifice to the 
 
 great standard. ia° sang-kang cu ia° kQa ki 
 toa tok-ki chut lai ; if people go out in proces- 
 sion with the gods during autumn, they carry 
 out the great banners. 
 
 "^^^ tok 85 The hollows in land ; used 
 "i^^ 922 15 figuratively for the depress- 
 ions in the face. via thdi" i kai siang-mSu" 
 ngak-tok hun meng, long-cong cie sie°; I see 
 that the heights and hollows of the face are 
 plainly distinguished and all according to the 
 
 original, i kai min-tie" ng<5-ng^k si-tok long- 
 cong bp k6 h(5 hiam ; his features arc all 
 faultless. 
 
 16k 80 Venereal disease. 
 ' P^ 922 5 pien-lok ; venereal ulcerp. 
 hu-khsiu pien-t6k ; gaping venereal ulcers. 
 
 t6k 15 To profane; to desecrate ; to 
 _ _ 922 15 treat with contumely, 
 i cie'-se" png si 8iet-t6k sin-raeng ; doing thus, 
 he may bo considered as having blasphemed 
 the gods. kua" phoi la" "bp iong tok chia""; 
 the magistrate's decision was this " No appeals 
 which are an abuse of privilege will be allowed". 
 
 — tong — 
 
 tfa tong 2 The middle, the centre; the 
 I 105 8 heart or core; in the middle ; 
 medium, in size or quality, 
 tong-iang ; the centre. jit tui tong ; the sun 
 is in the zenith. tong-pftng ; medium sized, 
 i cf-hue hwu sng-si tong-ni ; he is still middle- 
 aged, tong-nang ; tong kang ntlng; a days- 
 man, an intercessor, an agent, an arbitrator or 
 umpire. siing cftp nfe nguu tong-kim ; gave 
 ten taels to the agent as his fee. ti-liang cp 
 tong-p<5? Who went bail for him ? tong-leng 
 kai n&ng ; an ordinary or commonplace person, 
 tong kok ; tong-ngwn ; China, sia tieh pa kai 
 tong-iang ; hit the centre of the target. tong 
 gua kai hue-raueh to si cu-cip to c{-kp; native 
 and foreign goods are all brought together here, 
 tit tong cu ho, lu hp thai-kue ia m ho put kip ; 
 do not have either an excess or a deficiency, 
 but have just enough. lu-tong ; a pig broker, 
 thng-tong ; sugar broker. si si thau, a si si 
 
 tong, a si si biie ? Is it the beginning, the 
 middle or the latter part of the hour ? tong 
 ke°; middle-aged. i cf-hue cia° tong-ke" to 
 
 kia"; he is now in the prime of life. 
 
 tong 75 The place whence light arises; 
 
 930 4 the place of honor or the per- 
 son in it. 
 
 ci kai cu-ce tl-tiang cp tong-ke ? Who is the 
 master of this school ? si i cp tong-cii ; he is 
 the head of the house. hang-tong ; the head 
 of a firm. chai-tong kio hiie-ki to tieh hua ; 
 the master and his partners should be on good 
 terms, tong-si ; a thing, a creature, anything, 
 used as a term of reproach. mai" chai hu khi 
 au tong-si ; pay no attention to those worthless 
 scamps. 
 
 l^/^ tong 86 The aspect of a flame. 
 /^\ 933 5 huang-16 kai hiie-thua" tong- 
 tong ang ; the coals in the furnace are fiery red. 
 
DICTIONART OF THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 669 
 
 l-M tong 61 Loyal, patriotic, faithful, 
 ^lL> 106 4 sincere, 
 toug-cliiii ; a loyal minister. tong-kilu ; tong- 
 ho ; faithful, honest. si tong-tong k^u-kSu 
 
 kai nang ; is one who is devotedly faithful. i 
 lU-lai tong-tong ho-ho ; he has hitherto heen 
 most faithful. pua" tong pua" cham ; half 
 
 loyal and half disloyal, tong-kau kai u, khek- 
 poh kai u ; have both faithful and unfaithful 
 ones. tong ngi ; honest and upright. tin 
 
 tong po kok ; with utmost sincerity answered 
 the monarch, tong-tit kSi nang; an honest man. 
 
 tong 61 Disturbed; out of one's vvitsj 
 931 13 to understand ; to perceive 
 the meaning clearly. 
 
 i cek-si mong-tong; she was bewildered at the 
 moment. cie° toa ks'ii, mong-mdng tong-tong ; 
 though so large, is yet very stupid, thoi" tieh 
 cu tong i kfii khio ; on seeing it, he takes in its 
 meaning, i m tong su; he does not understand 
 the nmttcr. tieh chi'a" u tong .su kfli chut lai ; 
 must ask some one who understands the case 
 to come forth. co-ni ta" i to m tong; he does 
 not take in the meaning of anything that is 
 said to hira. tong cheng-li; understand the 
 fitness of things. 
 
 tong 140 ko-tong ; curiosities, an- 
 
 931 9 tiques, rare articles. 
 
 i to boi ko-tong ; he sells curiosities, ko-tong 
 pho ; a curiosity shop. i kai, ko-tong cSi ; he 
 is very old fashioned. 
 
 |-f-| tong 2 To hit the centre ; struck or 
 I 105 3 taken by, as a fit ; to attain ; 
 to accomplish ; fit, suitable. 
 i kai si tong huang a si tong hang ? Has she 
 been in a draft or been chilled ? tong su ; 
 
 sun-stroke. i khut i tong tieh ex"; she was 
 
 struck by his arrow. i thia" tieh to tong ci°; 
 on hearing it, he was hurt as if pierced by an 
 arrow. tong tieh pa sim ; hit the centre of 
 
 the target. iie ta" lai tong kheng ; what has 
 been said meets the exigency ; spoke to the 
 purpose or point, i tong koi lio ; he has fallen 
 into the trap. ieh khu tong a m tong ? Did 
 I guess rightly or not ? cek e khu kau ne 
 
 tong-tong ; went to the right spot at once. 
 
 tong 15 To freeze; to congeal with 
 
 932 8 cold. 
 
 chin-thi"-si pak-thau kai ho cu tong kau ho 
 kia" CO lo ; in the cold season the northern 
 streams freeze over so that they may be travel- 
 led over as roads, to ci ko ciu ni ciii boi tong; 
 water does not freeze here the whole year 
 through, tong si; freeze to death. 
 
 tong 104 Pain ; ache ; sharp distress. 
 
 865 5 tong-thia" kau nSi m khu; 
 it aches so I cannot stand it. i ce tie" Iflng 
 
 cu die" t6ng-thia" ; as soon as it is filled with 
 pus it aches with a constant throbbing pain, 
 khut i tang loh khu cu li-li tong-thia" khi lai ; 
 after being stung it began to ache hard and 
 continuously. 
 
 ^5 tong 181 To tremble; to shiver, 
 J3>^ 45 13 kha tong chi'u tong ; shook 
 all over, kia" l6 khap-khfip-tong ; shivered as 
 he walked, chin kau to toug ; so cold that he 
 shivers. khieh ceng te tong kau cek koi"; 
 
 when he takes a cup of tea he shakes so as to 
 spill it all over. 
 
 Jti^ tong 64 tong- hi" ; tong-tong-hi" ; to 
 JW 1075 10 flirt; to flop ; to sway, i co 
 to m tiam co, kha tong chi'u hi"; when he sits 
 down he never sits still, but keeps flopping his 
 limbs about. i kia" lio ki pi" tong-tong-hi"; 
 his queue flops about as he walks, i kai phang 
 khut huang chue lib Ifo tong-tong-hi"; the sail 
 having been torn by the wind flaps to and fro. 
 toa"-toa" th6i"-ki" tek-bue tong-tong-hi" ; saw 
 nothing but the tops of the bamboos swaying 
 to and fro. 
 
 /j4| tong 9 The middle one of three ; the 
 yy 108 4 second among brothers, 
 nin khun tong kui iii ? How many are there 
 of you brothers ? tong-chun, tong he, tong 
 chiu, tong tang ; the middle of spring, of sum- 
 mer, of autumn, and of winter. tong ni ; the 
 title of Confucius. 
 
 tong 19 To excite, to move, to affect, 
 932 9 to influence ; to move the 
 mind ; to shake, to stir ; to set on foot ; to take 
 action ; momentum ; movement ; agitated, 
 kara-tong i kiii sim ; sway his feelings. khu 
 thara tieh cng kai bo tong-cong; went and 
 peered in and found there was not the least 
 movement anywhere. i ti-tiang-si tong sin ? 
 When did he start ? ciu-jit rii-lio cng kai b5 
 un-tong ; it is not well to go all day without 
 excercise of any sort, m-hd tong tieh khi ; do 
 not get irritated. chlu sin khia tit cia", ra 
 
 pha" chiu bue huang io-tong ; when the trunk 
 stands firm, there is nothing to fear from the 
 wind's waving the branches, i si lai td io-tong 
 kun sim kai ; he is here disturbing the minds 
 of the soldiers. kia" tong ka,i khwn tieh 6h 
 ho ce ; must learn how to move about properly, 
 i kai ku-tong kui-kui ku-ku ; hia behaviour is 
 very respectful, cek ku cek tong to bo theng 
 
5G0 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 CO ; makes no random movements, i tong pat 
 tCng cu se'-klii; he gets angry at the least cause, 
 m ka" kia" tong lu ; I fear that I am disturb- 
 inf you. bo tong nang cek chau cek bak ; did 
 not take a spear of grass nor a stick of wood 
 from anybody. ti-tiang-si tong tho ? When 
 
 are you to commence building ? 
 
 iong 166 To consider as important. 
 
 108 2^ cu-tong; self-resjiect. i co 
 
 BU to iTi cu tong ; he does things is a way that 
 refiectH no credit on himself. thdi" toug ; to 
 esteem. kiii t5ng ; to evince respect. th6i" 
 m tong ; show no respect toward, i to r7i t5ng 
 ci kia" su ; he does not consider this matter of 
 any importance. nilng pi mueh si kui tong ; 
 people are to be regarded rather than things, 
 tong htn, m tong bu ; shows respect to literary 
 acquirements, but not to military achiovments. 
 i slang ti-tong ci kia" su ; he regards this 
 affair as one of the greatest importance. tieh 
 tong ci kai nang ; pay respect to this person, 
 tieh tong ci kai huap; regard those rules, sio- 
 jin tong li m tong ngl, kun-cii tong ngl ili long 
 li ; uncultured people regard protit rather 
 than propriety, cultured people consider prop- 
 riety more important than profit. beug tong 
 sun ; one who take the place of a deceased 
 superior. 
 
 — to — 
 to 36 Excessive ; very ; mostly ; 
 
 909 ^ many, much, numerous, 
 to su ; officious ; many affairs on hand, to ue ; 
 loquacious, put kue to sio ; no great quantity, 
 chun kau to kua" tia"-tla" ; have only a small 
 amount left. to mong lu ai°-sieh ; hope for 
 
 your kind favor. to sia ; many thanks, cha 
 put to ; no great difference ; nearly the same, 
 i slang teng to sim to su; he is full of schemes, 
 sam to ; sons, w eallh, and years, i kfvi su slang 
 to twn ; his business is of numerous sorts. 
 
 rjl to 18 A knife ; a cleaver ; a cimeter. 
 .X V 865 cek ki to ; one knife, to kiam ; 
 Bwords. to thap ; a sheath for a knife. to 
 pe" ; knife handle, to nek; the blade, topii; 
 the blunt edge of the blade, to bue ; the point, 
 to tun ; the knife is dull, to lai ; the knife is 
 sharp, coih chai to ; a chopping-knife. ie-tp ; 
 a dagger. sang to ; a pair of knives. toa 
 kwn to; a claymore. to tiam; a knife and 
 
 chopping-block. k?lu to ; a thick knife used 
 is splitting fire-wood. cam be to ; a cleaver 
 used in war to disable horses. mong to hue ; 
 exercise with a broadsw ord. tek hieh to ; a 
 two edged sword, ka-to ; shears, ka-tp kia° ; 
 scissors, liam to; a sickle or bill-hook. 
 
 Wi 
 
 to 163 In general ; altogether ; 
 91G 9 probably, 
 i (p ai" le ; he wants it. lia tp m khii ; I am 
 not going. i to lS.u lio; he is already old. i 
 ])ai tng tp si cio°-se"; that is the way it was be- 
 fore, i tp b6 le ; he has none. 
 
 t<5 111 Short; brief; contracted; 
 937 7 Bhort-coming.s. 
 uvT •ng kai a 1(5 kui ? Do you want a long one 
 or a short one? td luia"; short-lived. thi° 
 tiig, mlii" {6 ; time is long and life short, tang 
 thi'-.si jit td ; the days are short in winter, boi 
 khah liig bbi khah t<5 ; neither too long nor too 
 short. m tng iTi t<5, kali kah ; neither longer 
 nor shorter, but just the right length. ci khi 
 li \hr^ hti khi li t<5 ; the one is too short, tho 
 other too long. td-t<5 kk\ ; a very short one. 
 jii tp jii hd ; the short the better, cia kang-hu 
 io td lo ; this is a short job. <d cSun ; by short 
 stages, khui td ; short winded. i khu ta" i 
 kai td chii ; he went and told of his short-com- 
 ings. 
 
 td 131 To lie down. 
 1057 2 i t6 mln-chn.^ kp to td ; he 
 is lying dowu on the bed. tin-td khun-kia°-ni; 
 lie dowu and rest a little while. Iph khu to ; 
 take a rest lying down. hSk cfti, tieh l^i to 
 
 siap-s! ; very weary, and must He down a few 
 moments. 
 
 yfri^ >ft* *" ^ contraction of to hu kp or 
 'XPv t^ 941 to ci k6. It gives the accom- 
 panying verb a participial form, i iq siu ; she 
 18 making her toilet. i id cau ; he is running 
 away, i td ut; he is lying down, i td khau ; 
 he is crying. 
 
 id 9 To fall over ; to prostrate ; to 
 860 8 throw one's self down, 
 leng i td loh khu ; pushed it over. l.li td loh 
 khu ut ce ; lie down and take a nap. phah id; 
 knock over. kai td tang, kai td sai, ia in gut 
 hd ; laid first one way and then the other and 
 could not sleep in any position. ju kau mih 
 miieh td-li-tien-tau ; knocked things about till 
 they were all topsy-turvy. i kai chii td kan 
 li-li ; his house has tumbled down flat. i pe° 
 kau to chng ; she is sick abed. t6 ti biie ; 
 
 plums that have fallen to the ground. to loh 
 chau-po cii ut khu ; threw himself upon the 
 turf and went to sleep, to loh cQ iit ; as soon 
 as I threw myself down I went to sleep. tl- 
 tiang ka° khu td i kai tjing-ki ? Who dare 
 throw down the gauntlet ? i cek se° nang khi 
 i6 un ; he has had fluctuating luck all his life, 
 chiu khut huang phah td khuj the tree has 
 
DTCTIONART OF THB SWATOW DULKOT. 
 
 661 
 
 been blown down by the wind. cang kha 
 
 tbak Ip; kicked it over. loli kii ho, chie° td 
 loll kliu ; the wall fell after a long rain, puah- 
 iq to tho-ti ; fell prostrate upon the ground, 
 kia" lio loi-loi to ; staggered as if about to fall, 
 tieh lai tu eia" boi (p ; must brace it up then 
 it won't fall, kai lau loi-loi, ai" to ai" to"; the 
 tower is toppling and about to fall. khufc i 
 
 iirtk {6 kliu; was hit and knocked down by 
 him. liah-lp cu phah ; seized, threw down, 
 
 and beat. hi-pe" to h'o tS" sie" no nang ; the 
 stage fell and injured two persons by crushing 
 them. 
 
 iq rho ground which forms the 
 879 floor of a house, 
 sau to ; sweep the floor. sie lun sau to ; take 
 turns ill cleaning the floor. 
 
 60 Can ; may ; able to do. 
 
 ua thia" m pat to khu; I do 
 
 not understand it when I hear it. 
 
 ua ta" in 
 
 fij 
 
 pat to khu ; I do not know what to say. i vb 
 m pat to khu ; he does not know how to do it. 
 jin m pat iq khu ; cannot identify it. 
 
 iq 9 To turn over, or upside down; 
 86(3 8 to pour out ; to invert ; to 
 subvert ; on the contrary. 
 
 to chph te lai ; pour out some tea. sieh nang 
 to chin-chie" heng nang hie"-se''; loves people 
 apd appears as if he hated them. mai" tin-tp 
 pang; do not set it upside down. i to chu 
 
 teng tin-tp-thA,u sut-loh lai ; he fell head fore- 
 most from the roof. sua-pa kia° lio tp-tham 
 tp-tham ne ; kept slipping backward when 
 walking on the sand bank. cio°-se" to rli-hp ; 
 it is all spoilt again. to ci'u, to iu ; to buy 
 
 wine and oil. toa kai tin-tp m pat, .■'oi kai 
 
 tin-tp pat; the eldest did not know it, while on 
 the contrary the younger one did. tp-p6i° kue 
 lai ; invert it. tp-thah khu ; piled them in 
 
 reversed order, tin-tp ta"; to ta"; reversed the 
 order of the words in speaking, to kia"; went 
 backward. cie^-se" tin-tp kia" hSg ; that is 
 
 retrograding very much. to khap Iph khu ; 
 
 made the imprint bottom upward. i tp-thp ; 
 lie drew back, i tp-thp jip khu; she withdrew 
 into the house, ke tp-thut; he came down in 
 the price. to cfe ; came down to less. to 
 ki'am; diminish the amount demanded, ho kai 
 ti ke to kiam, m-hp kai li ke to kui°; fixed the 
 lower price on the best ones, and the higher 
 price on the poor ones, to cliah jip khu; stuck 
 it in wrong end first, kiu tp-tie khui lai ; the 
 ball rebounded, mng si tp-khui chut khu ; the 
 door swung outward instead of inward. i to 
 tp-khp ; she declines to take it at the price she 
 
 brought him to accept, kbut i ib hiara ; was 
 reproved bj' him in return. tp-kiu ; to draw 
 back, to tng ; to turn back. tp-thp kia"; to 
 walk backwards. t6-wn khu; went by a round- 
 about way. khieli khi to tio ; take it and 
 pour it off. liah lA,i t6-tio ; seize him, and 
 hang him head downwards. huo-mueh ta" td 
 lai poih khu; the goods are now being taken 
 back to the place they were brought from, 
 tah li'o tp-ceng; after putting it on the swelling 
 still increased, buah lio tp-thia°; after anoint- 
 ing it, the pain began again. i kai tui-lin 
 tin-tp t\o ; his scrolls are hung wrong end up- 
 ward, tp-sang khu ; grew thin again. ho 
 che" to; the rain is falling heavily again. ho 
 li che"-khuang to ; the rain is again falling in 
 torrents. sa" tau ka"-na to b6 liap jip hi"; of 
 his three pecks of olives, I do not put one 
 in my ear ; I do not believe one word in a 
 hundred of all that he speaks. ce to cek cii 
 cai ; reckon backwards and you will know ; 
 calculate what is gone by and you will see 
 what is to come. ji mai" tp-sfa; do not write 
 the letters in a reversed order. i kai cu sek 
 kau oi tin-tp-thau llam ; his lesson is so well 
 learned that ho can recite it backwards, mai" 
 to cek-koi" ciii ; do not spill the water all over 
 everything. 
 
 HF;^ to 48 The left. 
 /jQ 1002 2 to kha ; the left foot. to 
 
 mak ; the left eye. to chi'u pdi"; on the left 
 hand, six to chiu ji ; write left-handed, lim 
 to chi'a tu ; use the chopsticks in the left 
 hand. to chi'a phiang ; left-handed. to 
 
 chi'u sng, iia" kiie cia" chiu, cia" chiu sng, ua" 
 kiie to chin ; when one hand aches change it to 
 the other. 
 
 \JI^ to 158 To conceal one's self ; to 
 910 6 hide away ; to skulk ; to 
 escape ; to shun. 
 
 to-siara put kip, khiit i sia tieh; did not dodge 
 quickly enough, and was hit by his arrow. t6- 
 pi m li, khut i th6i"-ki"; could not dodge out 
 of sight and was seen by him. i ka-ki tp-bua, 
 cang p&t nang kio i ta" ue ; he himself kept 
 out of sight, and had some one else conduct 
 the negociation. t^-pi to cek p6i°; slipped 
 
 away to one side. t6-pi m khu ; could not 
 
 escape it. tb ch ; to evade one's creditors ; 
 
 take leg bail. 
 
 m 
 
 vj.!^ t6 162 To abscond ; to elude search} 
 "yZmm 870 6 to desert ; to flee ; to escape; 
 to hide ; skulking. 
 
 tp-cau ; to run away. i c^ng kiiai-tp nang 
 
 kai a-no"-kia"; she has abducted people's child- 
 
662 
 
 DICTIONAET OF TBI SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 ren. i t6 kan h'o, m ka" tng kbu cbu ; after 
 deserting from the army he dare not return 
 home, i ai° t6-cau, to boi tit chut ; he wished 
 to flee, but could not get away. t6 jip chim 
 sua" na Ifii ; fled into the recesses of the moun- 
 tains, to kue gua kok ; fled to another country. 
 t6-pi ; to escape, to evade. u ktii kai kliut i 
 t8 thut khu ; several of them skulked off and 
 escaped. 
 
 t6 75 A cluster, a bunch. 
 
 909 2 cgk t6 phu-th6; a bunch of 
 grapes. nng ki, nng to ; flexible branches 
 
 bearing succulent clusters. 1j1" to; the lobe of 
 the ear. i khui l&i c^k to c^k td; it grows 
 
 in clusters. 
 
 ^^ to 167 t6-cf; the weights of steel- 
 ^■fLt 912 6 yards or balances. ci ki 
 
 chin kai to-cf m ki' khu ; the weight of this 
 steelyard is missing. 
 
 t($ 162 iS-li ; a doctrine which the 
 
 867 9 mind approves ; the path in 
 
 which one ought to go. thwn lo-li ; to preach; 
 to promulgate the truth, hah to-li ; in accord- 
 ance with correct principles. i u to-li ; he 
 has correct reason on his side. 
 
 'Vk to 82 To consist in ; to exist ; to 
 'IJ-I 941 3 dwell ; to be ; to be in. 
 
 to me ? Is it there ? to ; it is here. to a m 
 to ? Is he here or not ? b6 t5 ; is absent. t6 
 ci ko ; in this place. pang to ci kp ; put it 
 
 here. i to ti kp ? Where is he ? ai° pkng 
 to ti kp ? Where do you want it put ? t5 tl 
 kp ne ? Where ? b6 nftng to ; there is nobody 
 there. ti-tlang to ? Who is there ? thau-ke 
 to me ? Is the master in ? th&u-ke-nie bp to ; 
 the mistress is not at home. sira m to ; his 
 
 thoughts are elsewhere. si t5 u si, iIi si to Q 
 lak; it lies in practice, not in strength. to 
 
 sua" teng ; on the hill-top. ce to i mak cu to 
 i chiii ; he at once has everything he fancies, 
 to lau teng ; up stairs, si-si to ; ever present, 
 kp-kp t5 ; omnipresent, to lu ; it is your affaii ; 
 do as you please. si to sim Isi, m si to gua 
 
 min; it is internal and not external, thoi" m to 
 ngan-kai; does not give him any consideration, 
 lu tin to ti kp ? Where do you reside ? c§k 
 ciah kha tah to cie° p6i°, cek ciah kha tah to 
 hie" p6i°; place one foot on this side and one on 
 that side. cek sim iu ku to ci, cek sim iu kii 
 to hu ; his mind was divided between this and 
 that. to h^ kp, to ci kp, are often contracted 
 
 in speaking into t<5, and have the effect of ing on 
 the verb, i t(5 cp ; he is sitting, i to ciah ; he 
 
 is eating, i t6 th&k cu ; he is reading, lu to 
 c6 mill su ? What are you doing ? i pak t<5 
 ko; he is tied up. i s6 to kp ; it was locked 
 up. i cQ to kp ; he was sitting down, i ut to 
 kp; he is lying down. i pe" to kp; he was 
 
 sick, ti" to kp; it is quite full, bd to kp ; it 
 is not there. Q t5 kp ; what there is. ceng 
 to k6 ; it is planted, tile to kp ; it is adhering 
 to it. chah t5 kp ; it is sticking in there, coi 
 t6 kp; there are many. cie t6 kp ; there are 
 few. t5 i sin pi" k6; upon his person. 16 hai 
 ki"; on the sea shore, to sua° kha ; at the foot 
 of the hill. to chug e ; under the table. to 
 lu kp ; where you are. t6 lia kp ; by me. t5 
 l6 phfmg; by ihe roadside. 16 koi chl ; in the 
 market. 16 thi"; in the heavens. 15 11 ; on the 
 earth. tQ hie"-p6i°; on the other side. 16 hu 
 gQa mlu kp ; on the outside there. 
 
 16 145 A bag, a sack, a pouch, a 
 84-5 6 pocket, a purse, a case, a 
 covering; to inclose and protect things, 
 sa" 15 ; a pocket in a dress. khiig Ip sa'-l5 
 
 toi ; put it into his pocket. cu-cheh to ; a 
 
 satchel for books. po-tp; a cloth bag. liun- 
 tp ; a tobacco pouch, ngin 15; a purse, kng 
 clip 16h khg-15 ; put the essay into the satchel 
 carried by candidates at an examination. si"- 
 15 kd ciam ki t-i" chut lai ; look a fan out of a 
 fan-case. cfa ke-ci' cu kah pin 15; this price 
 just suits my purse, keng-tp ; a quiver, ang- 
 chun 15; a bag in which fighting quails are 
 carried. mak-kia° 16; a spectacle-case, in-ci 
 16 ; a cartridge-box. mi'-15 ; cotton bales. Ifti 
 Q kui choi° 15 hi; several thousand bags of 
 rice have arrived. eng chun pua" to ; have 
 half a bag of it remaining. chau-td ; gunny 
 bags. 
 
 M}^ 15 9 A generation ; a reign. 
 I V 845 8 ni to kii-wn ; endures forever. 
 ng5 15 l&ng Ing; five generations living at one 
 time, uin tang si-c6 kau ta" jieh coi to ? How 
 many generations have there been between the 
 founder of your family and yourselves ? pua° 
 to ci-kp chang hie" kau ta° G kiii 16 ? How 
 many generations have elapsed since they 
 moved here and founded this village ? 
 
 15 30 The pouch of a monkey or 
 389 10 marmot ; to hold in the poucK 
 or chops. 
 
 i lip kai k^u-to cu 15 hph coi much ; he can 
 hold a great many things in his chops at once, 
 i Ihau ciah lio, hwn-lio 15 no to to chiii teng; 
 after eating it on the sly, he still has two chops 
 full in his chops. 
 
DICTIOXABT OF THE SWATOW DULHCT, 
 
 663 
 
 — (oh — 
 
 Iph 80 To peck, as fowls do. 
 
 82 8 koi-kiii" toll bi chiii ; chickens 
 peck at broken rice. klio no ciah koi Itli Iph 
 png-liap ; call two fowls to eat the cold rice 
 that is left after the meal. cio to toh sim- 
 
 mueh ? What is the bird pecking at ? 
 
 toll 75 A small table ; light stands. 
 
 82 6 hue"-thau tph ; side tables, 
 toll kill"; a stand with drawers. cp tph-siah, 
 chi'a" nsing-kheh ; make a snpper and invite 
 guests, ci kui khah-tia" pang H kiii tph ? How 
 many tables for guests can be spread in this 
 room ? chia" i lui ciah tph ; invite him to a 
 Bupper. pai tph ; set the table. 
 
 ^*^ toh 24 Eminent; raised above others- 
 -^ 82 6 i to i hie-'H si ai" cp tph-tph 
 kai nang ; he wants to be the leading man in 
 his village. 
 
 tph 37 To take by force ; to snatch j 
 913 11 to get by striving; to carry 
 off, as a prize ; to take away, as rank. 
 chle°-toh nang kai much ; seize and carry off 
 people's goods. knn-cu iTi tph nang s(5 hau"; 
 the princely man does not covet what others 
 prize. si-s6k nTing to si td ce" mia" tph li ; the 
 vulgar contend for fame and strive for gain, 
 i se" lai sit-cJii tph mak; its beauty really 
 dazzles the eyes. ciu si i no nang io toh 
 
 ngwn ; those two are the ones who are striving 
 for the highest place in the list of graduates. 
 i tph i ill kiie; he could not snatch it from her. 
 
 •jfcBH t6h 64 Choose ; select ; pick out. 
 J^p 958 13 swn-tph ; select. soi-sim 
 
 tph; carefully pick out. tph jit ; choose lucky 
 days, toll ktii ho jit ; select a lucky day. tph 
 chin-cia"; choose a wife. koi^-toh nang chSi ; 
 select and promote talented men. tph nang 
 
 kan-chap ; to choose one's associates. hd kui 
 toh khu ciah ; pick out the best and eat ifc. 
 tph hd kai ; select good ones, tph pui-ju ciah ; 
 select luscious ones for eating ; take such as 
 mxy be fleeced. bo swn-tph ; no choice. lu 
 tph m pat to khu, lu so t6h si bo eng, hd kfii 
 tph 111 tieh ; you do not know how to choose 
 and that which you have chosen is useless, 
 "while there were good ones which you did not 
 select, bp thang ho swn-tph ; there is nothing 
 from which to choose. bp hd swn-tph ; there 
 is no choice among them. mi'en-eng swn-tph, 
 long-cdng hd kai ; to pick and choose is need- 
 less, they are all good ones, hd kai khut n&ng 
 soi° toll khu ; the good ones were all taken 
 previously. 
 
 tph 86 To blaze up; to set fire to. 
 
 81 12 khin-khin c6 Ham cii t6h ; if 
 you touch it ever so lightly it will blaze up. 
 hiie toll kill liii ; the fire has kindled. teng 
 
 cp-ni liam m tph ; the lamp will not light, 
 hiie-lo khi tph li'o cia" hd (6 pat su ; kindle the 
 fire in the stove first and then do the other 
 things. cf-hue kai hue ne tph-t6h tp-kp; the 
 fire is now blazing up brightly. tIeh phuah 
 
 kau ne tph-t6h ; must fan it till it flames. ce 
 thia" tieh hue cu. tph ; on hearing it, his wrath 
 waxed hot. thoi" tieh hia hue-sin che"-t6h kh{ 
 ISi ; on seeing it, his temper was roused. phfi.k 
 ta-ta cia" koi toh hiie ; dry it thoroughly in the 
 sun and then it will ignite easily. khut jit 
 
 phak kau t6h hue; set on fire by the sun's rays, 
 ju liu-ng liam tph hiie me" c5i ; flashes up like 
 sulphur to which a fire is applied. 
 
 J^A toh 64 To pick up. 
 1 1:| 768 6 tph khi lai ; pick it up. tph 
 tieh mueh-kia"; something picked up. tho-e 
 tph tieh pd, ki" kua" bp thd ; a valuable thing 
 picked up from the ground cannot be demanded 
 back even through a magistrate. 
 
 — tu- 
 tu 32 A stack ; a heap ; a pile. 
 924 8 tun CO cek tu ; pile them up 
 in a heap. to cp cek tu ; pour them together 
 in a pile. m cai, sah cp cap-sa" choi" kali no 
 toa tu ; did not understand the matter, and 
 mistakenly supposed he would get heaps of 
 money, sek-pang to-piin tu ; throw it into the 
 rubbish heap. 
 
 tu 80 To pucker up the mouth ; to 
 825 G pout out the lips, 
 i kai chili tu-tu, to pun hiie ; he has his mouth 
 puckered to blow out the light, i tp pun hiie- 
 kng, pun kau chili tu-tu ; ho is blowing the 
 tinder, so that his mouth is puckered. khi 
 
 kau chui tu-tu ; so vexed that she pouts. 
 
 tu 75 The trunk or bole of trees. 
 
 85 6 ii cek tu chiu c^ng to mng- 
 kha ; a tree was planted by the door, chiu lli 
 610 tieh ii kui tu ; you count the trees and see 
 how many there are. 
 
 tu 149 To put to death ; to eradicate. 
 
 86 6 tu-mit; to exterminate, to 
 utterly destroy. tu-l6k ; cut off, extirpated, 
 ti-kau i chwn ke tu-l6k ; lead to the destruction 
 of the whole family, tu-cph ; to do away with. 
 
 tu 64 To prop ; to shore up. 
 
 88 5 khieh ki sam lS,i tii ; get a 
 stick of timber and prop it up. tii kau ne 
 
 khiang-khlang ; propped it up very firmly. 
 
 m 
 
 n 
 
664 
 
 DICTIONABT OF THE SWATOW DULKCT. 
 
 i kai klia boi kia", sii" cliut mn^ tieh gng n8 ki 
 iu-thui ; lie cannot walk and when he goes out 
 lio has to use two crutohes. lu khia e" to b6i, 
 phah tu eu oi ; you cannot raise the heavy 
 beaois, but you can put the props under. 
 
 tu 82 To obstruct ; to guard ; to 
 916 9 close; to shut or ward off; 
 to fill in ; to invest. 
 
 ii khi tieh cai tii, Q khf tfeh cai sak ; there are 
 some that must bo shut off, and some that 
 must be stopped up. T-keiig thio Q pia° khu 
 huang-tu ho ; have already dispatched troops 
 to defend it. hu ki pia" khfong-iii tii-gfl iIi 
 tio, tieh thio ke c6k ki khu t{i-gu ; if there bo 
 doubt whether those troops will be able to 
 successfully resist thera, another regiment must 
 bo dispatched to the defense. hij llo lO fi 
 
 iiang khu tu-cii i h'o, ia si khfong-iii tii m cu 
 li phki ke cSk ndng kliA tii ; some one has gone 
 on that road to stop hira, but if you fear he 
 will not prevent his coming, then depute 
 another one to go and do it. 
 
 td 128 To abut; to impinge; to touch 
 _ 80 6~ upon. 
 
 Ill tieh a tii m tieh ? Does it abut upon it or 
 not P tii bua-bfta ; lay thera so that they abut 
 tirmly. tii tieh cii boi kia"; if is hits upon 
 
 that it cannot go on. 
 
 tu 64 To oppose, to ward off ; to 
 jy^ 878 6 abut; to comjwund for a 
 money payment by a lien on property ; to 
 withstand; to offset; to brace. 
 tii sio; to offset an account by an equivalent 
 reudei-ed. sio tii tit kan me ? Is there enough 
 property transferred to meet the full amount 
 of the bill ? khieh tii ci" kui cu.jien io ku" ; if 
 I take an equivalent in other than money, it 
 will of course be dearer, tii i m cu; could not 
 successfully oppose hira. tieh thi' ke ce pia"- 
 be cia° tii i tit cQ ; must reinforce the troops 
 and then wo can successfully withstand him. 
 tii khu khiang cSi ; withstood with great 
 firmness. chfie b6 ue hd tii tap i ; could 
 
 think of nothing to say in self-defense. ji ke 
 tiikbu; it is a drawn battle; they are even 
 with each other, tii kin-ki'n ; completely shut 
 out by opposing force, tii mai° khut i jip khu; 
 stop his way and not let him enter. nftng 
 
 mla° tii nang raia" tii tio ; forfeited his life in 
 defense of another's. tii lai tii khu hwn 
 
 khiam i hob coi ; after compounding the debt 
 by all possible means he still owes hira a large 
 amount. ji ke sie tii tieh ; the two are in 
 
 opposition to each other. sie tii than ; to 
 
 bump heads together. khieh ki sam khu tii ; 
 
 take a stick of timber and brace it up. Iting 
 poi' kai e" tieh sie tu tieh ; the roof bearas on 
 the two sides must abut upon each other. ji 
 ke chii-kak-thau sio tii ; the gables of the two 
 houses abut upon each other, (li m tio; am un- 
 equal to the attempt, i tii khu nge cJli, chak- 
 pia" jvvn pia", pia" m kue ; they withstood them 
 firmly, and the rebel troops, however much they 
 strove, could make no headway against them, 
 tii 16h khu ngam-ngam ; it is just the right 
 length to use as a brace. khieh htio-mueh 
 
 tii ]&[ ci"; took goods to offset the interest. 
 
 ♦p^ tii 6| To the purpose ; fitly; just; 
 fn 357 6 exactly. 
 
 cie"-se" tii-td kah ; that is exactly enough to 
 make it of. boi lai tii-tii hd eng ; what I 
 
 bought was just exactly as much as I needed 
 to use. ' da sie" lai tii-tii kio lu cek le"; what I 
 had thought out agreed exactly with what you 
 thought, lia li iii" khii i kp, i li ai" Ifii lia ko, 
 tu-tii tQ lo tcng phong tieh ; I was going to 
 his house, and he was coming to mine, so we 
 came upon each other on the road, lia ai" me", 
 tii-tii ngd (!eh Q cun ki' khui ; I was in haste, 
 and very opportunely got there just as the boat 
 was about to start. kiiu hu ko bo teng-nang, 
 cSu-hue tu-tii Q gueh ; when we reached there 
 wo had no lantern, but it happened very op- 
 portunely that there was moonlight. 
 
 tu 41 To pair; to match ; agreeing 
 924 11 with ; suiting, 
 hd kfii tii hd kai; hd tii hd ; put the good with 
 the good, pia" tii pia", ciang tii riang; soldier 
 against soldier, and leader against leader, chin 
 tii chfu ; hand to hand, chfu tu chi'u, lai kah- 
 tau thdi" ti-tiing la"; let us have a hand to 
 hand struggle and .see who will come off 
 victorious, teng-lii tung; it has corae out just 
 as 1 foresaw; I told you so; that is what I 
 supposed would happen. tia"-tu-lia''; that is 
 just as I said it would be. toa tti toa, soi tu 
 soi ; pair off, the elder with the elder, and the 
 younger with the younger. 
 
 J7S tii 9 To occur; to happen; to meet. 
 la ^9 8 tii tieh i lai ; it so happened 
 that he came, to lo teng sie tii tieh; happened 
 to meet each other on the way. tii i iL to ; it 
 chanced that he was just then absent. 
 
 tiS 75 A species of mulberry from 
 93 9 whose bark the Coreans and 
 
 Japanese make papei', which is used for 
 
 garments. 
 
 chiiu-tu; a small, folded, paper slate, used as a 
 
 day-book. ki* loh chiin-tu ; set it down on 
 
 the slate, 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 665 
 
 ill 140 To set forth ; to publish ; to 
 
 90 ~9~ manifest, 
 ci kai lu'ing tu niia" cSi ; this man is becoming 
 very famous. hu-ka.i si tu-mia" kai lo-hQam ; 
 that is a celebrated state criminal, i kai mia" 
 til cJli ; his name is widely known. cfa cu si 
 li-tiang tii kA,i ? By whom was this book pub- 
 lished ? i til u cek pang ui-cu ; he published 
 a series of medical books. i kai mia° jii m 
 
 khut nang cai jii keng tii ; the more he tried 
 to conceal his name, the more it became known, 
 hin-khek tSi tu mia° ; is now far famed. 
 
 kd^JL iii 53 A cupboard ; a safe. 
 /^^ 93 12 ciah tu ; kiam sng tu ; a food 
 safe. cu tu ; bookcase. pho tu ; cases for 
 goods in shops. ci ciali tii ai" keh sa" csing ; 
 I want to have three shelves put into this 
 wardrobe, pua" ua" tii; a cupboard for dishes. 
 
 J.t^ in 32 To stop up; to stufE up; to 
 plj^ 917 9 silt up; to prevent water from 
 flowing from a sluice ; to obstruct, 
 mai" tu-sak iieh ; do not stop it up. tii-sak 
 pang hu kai kliang-khau ko ; stufi it into that 
 opening, tho khah ci'e, turn mi"; there is too 
 little of the clay, and I cannot stop it up 
 tightly. cang cieh kah tho kai i tu kin tia"; 
 take stones and mud and stop it up tight. i 
 cang liU kii ue khu tu i ; he stopped his flow 
 of talk with that saying. i kai ta" tie to si to 
 phah ue tu, tu kau nang boi khui chiii ; his 
 talk is designed to stop other people's mouths, 
 so that they will say nothing. hi'a tho tu lio 
 chi'en cai, cun boi tit kue ; the mud has silted 
 in till it is very shallow, and boats cannot pass 
 through, tu hiia" kai lam tho to ko ; a quan- 
 tity of soft mud has settled in so as to obstruct 
 the passage. hi'a tho khua^-khua" tii khua°- 
 khua" coi ; the sediment, meeting witli an op- 
 posing force, gradually accumulates aud be- 
 comes considerable. 
 
 tu 32 To stop the way ; to shut or 
 916 9 ward off ; to close against ; to 
 obstruct ; to guard. 
 
 hii ko ii nang to tu i a bo ? Is there any one 
 there to prevent his approach ? hu ki kuii 
 
 tu m tiie, tieh buah ke ki kun khu tu ; that 
 force is not sufficient to resist them, and an- 
 other body of troops must be dispatched to op- 
 pose their march. tQ tiam ce; stop its progress 
 for a moment, tu mang; obstruct its way and 
 make it go slower. chii tu Iqh khu cii ku-a 
 
 ill ; the -house has several years been prevented 
 from tumbling down by having a prop against 
 it. ci ki e" si ciang-ciu tii kai ; this roof-beam 
 is prevented from falling by a temporary prop. 
 
 tu 149 To taunt; to speak angrily at. 
 
 330 6 sio to ; to scold each other, 
 ca me", i ang cia td sie tu mih su ? What were 
 they, the husband and wife, quarreling about 
 last night ? ui cek kla° sie su cQ sie tii bQi tit 
 hiah ; on account of an unimportant matter, 
 were bent upon mutual recrimination. lia 
 
 khng-koi ni'n mai" sie tii ; I exhort you not to 
 taunt each other. sie tii Ifo cla° mih le" ? 
 
 What good do your mutual recriminations do? 
 sie tu lio cii sie me", sie me" Ho cii sie phah ; 
 having first taunted, they reviled each other, 
 and then began to fight. 
 
 [1~|t tS ^ The sound made in calling 
 
 Hie 89 5 fowls. 
 
 15u sfra kho koi tii tii tii ; the old woman is 
 calling the fowls. 
 
 — tue — 
 
 f*^ tue 117 Properly; decently ; squarely. 
 936 9 cek jit co tue-tue, hua to thi"- 
 cie° pue ; one day when sitting quietly, woe 
 came upon us as if flying in the air. i no 
 
 nang cia" hp tue-tue, cii to sie phah; the 
 two were good friends, and now they are 
 fighting. 
 
 tue 120 To baste ; to sew slightly ; 
 
 101 8 to join on. 
 tue-bua ; tue co cek e ; baste them together, 
 sie khi" tiie ; hanging together by a thread, 
 thi" tiie ; sew on. tue to hu bue ; sew it on at 
 the farther end. tiie pang bo teng ; sew it on 
 to the cap. 
 
 liie 157 To follow on behind. 
 
 317 6 tiie i lai khu ; go along after 
 him. i7i hp tiie ; do not follow on after us. 
 
 tiie i ka-ciah Sa ; went along behind him. lii 
 tiie khu thoi"; you follow on after them 
 and see. 
 
 tue 10 To exchange ; to barter ; to 
 925 5 to weigh against ; to give an 
 equivalent. 
 
 i chut u kp tiie-Qa° kim-ng6n kai cie-pai ; he 
 has hung out the sign of one who exchanges 
 coin or jewelry, ngun si lak-poih tQe a si chit 
 tue ? Are the dollars current here reckoned at 
 six mace eight candareens, or at seven mace ? 
 ngun chit-ji tiie; dollars are reckoned at seven 
 mace two candareens. hiie tue ngun nie ; to 
 cash an order for money. un pho teng u. 
 
 siang hp kai siam hwt-tue ; the best ginseng 
 is sold at our shop. pok tieh kai tiie khue ; 
 cast and threw the 58th diagram. 
 
m 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE BWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 — tul — 
 
 tui 184 Dumplings made from flour 
 924 To and steamed, 
 iu tui ; globular hollow cakes. 
 
 ^1^ tui 1C2 To pursue after, to chase; 
 ^*^t l^'O 6 to follow to its source ; to 
 trace out ; retrospective. 
 
 tui-kua" i peh gua li, cia" tng lai ; chased him 
 over a hundred miles and then returned, khu 
 tui i tng Idi ; go after her and bring her back. 
 tui m tieh; could not overtake. tui kau piia" 
 lo cia" tui tieh ; followed hira half way there 
 and then overtook hira. phah be tui lu tieh ; 
 a hard-driven horse could not catch up with 
 them. siii nang khu tui th6 ; send some one 
 after them to demand it back, chia" kua" tui- 
 kju ; ask the magistrate to sift it to the bottom, 
 tui hong i kai pe-bo ; obtained posthumous 
 honors for his parents. ci pak sio" si tui su 
 
 kai ; this portrait is drawn from memory, tui 
 liAe lai ; pursue after and bring back. tui 
 
 kau kin c5i ; followed very closely upon. tui 
 khu ill kam sia tio ; was unwilling to relinquish 
 the pursuit, tui-pia" tui khu ktln ; the pursli- 
 ing force followed close upou them. 
 
 liii C4 To grasp and pull upward. 
 
 101-1 8 i puah loh cui, me"-mc" kio 
 i tiii kill lA,i ; he has fallen into the water, pull 
 him out quickly, cek nJlng pe" kha, c6k nang 
 tiii pi"; one of them pulled his legs, and the 
 other dragged at his queue, tui iTi phu; cannot 
 raise it by pulling upward upou it. 
 
 M 
 
 tiii 64 To pull in, to grasp and pull 
 
 1089 7 at. 
 soil tiii kin-kin ; haul the rope taut. cun tui 
 m bua, hjim uTing lai sie-hu tui ; if you cannot 
 pull the boat up, call some one to help do it. 
 
 ill: 
 
 tiil 64 To hold to ; to pull by hold- 
 
 40 4 ing. 
 tui sa° ku ; hold on to the flaps of his tunic, 
 tiii chiu ; held on to his hand. tui i nSi ko ; 
 held on to him to make him stay, tiii m khui; 
 could not pull it off. tui bua sin-pi"; pulled it 
 up to him. sa" tvii lib khu; pulled so hard as 
 to tear his jacket. tiii kin-kin ; hold fast. 
 
 till 41 Parallel sentences on scrolls, 
 924 11 hung in Chinese houses as 
 ornaments ; to front ; to correspond to ; to suit; 
 to pair ; to answer ; to respond to ; consistent 
 with ; agreeing ; opposite ; inimical, 
 i si tng min tiii lia ta° kue kai; it is what he 
 told me to my face. i ia-si cie''-se° cu tiii lia 
 
 m oil ; if he does that he cannot successfully 
 oppose me. ham i tng min lai tiii ; tell them 
 to come and confront each other. tiii tieh ia 
 si tt, cu si i m tieh ; if iu confronting each 
 other it is shown to be so, then he is in the 
 wrong. tl-tiang co tiii ceng ? Who are the 
 
 witnesses for the defense ? i ai" chut lai kio 
 i c6 tui-thau ; he is going to appear as his op- 
 ponent, no nang si tui-th&u kai wn-ke ; the 
 two are rivals of each other. rek tui tui-liu ; 
 a pair of matched scrolls, lii hd tiii i tii"; you 
 should tell him. i liang ke tiang-si tui chin ? 
 When were the parties betrothed ? ham chai- 
 liii khu tiii sio; tell the bookkeeper to go and 
 vei'ify the accounts. siang-kong k&i sio soi° 
 tui cheng-chp ; the accountant had beforehand 
 veriBed the accounts by comparison, item by 
 item. cSk tui hun-cfo ; a pair of pigeons. 
 
 cio"-se" b5i tiii m ctS nftng; shall rot in so do- 
 ing fall behind other people. sit-cui tiii nAiig 
 tit cii ; really equal to other people. tiii a m 
 tiii ? Does it suit or not ? k»vu sang kan tiii ; 
 matches so as to make a pair. tio tiii sin kiii 
 teng-n&ng ; hang up a pair of new lanterns, 
 till cieh ; to confront. cij"-se' l&i tiii-iia" eng 
 tit ci" a mien ? In thus exchanging one for the 
 other will any money be required to boot ? i 
 c6 f-u i7i teng-tiii ; he acts inconsistently. jit 
 tiii tang ; the sun is on the meridian. hih" m 
 tiii hauh"; the parts do not match ; its parts do 
 not fit each other. ci° 8ia tiii tong-sira ; the 
 arrow was shot at the center of the target. i 
 k&i lie til" khu cii tiii ; he spoke to the point. 
 Iu ai" tiii ti cek tio lo khu ? By which road are 
 you going ? ham i tiii iia kp lai ; tell him to 
 come along by my house, lia ai" tiii i kai chi» 
 keng kiie ; 1 am going past his house. tieh 
 roiig-huang siang-tiii kai, cia" h(S co chiu ; those 
 who enter in to conjugal relationship should be 
 of the same rank in life, pai be-tiii ; ride forth 
 in pairs. no nang lai tiii thak kiie cQ b6 mill 
 ta" ; if two persons read it together, the one 
 reading the copy aloud and the other seeing 
 whether what is read agrees with the original, 
 then there will not be many errors. tiii thak 
 kua"; an officer who at an examination compares 
 the copies of essays with their originals. tiii 
 sna°-kha keng-kiie ; go along by the foot of the 
 hill. tiii ciin lai a tiii lo lai ? Did you come 
 by boat, or by the road ? teng tiii teug, ciang 
 tui ciang ; the common soldiers oppose the com- 
 mon soldiers, and the generals oppose the 
 generals, i no nang si tiii chiu chin ke ; these 
 two are the parents of the married pair. tui 
 chiu li phah i m kue ; cannot overcome him 
 single-handed. kau cek e tiii tin kai si-hau i 
 siang ka" cien ; he is not at all afraid to fight 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 667 
 
 when he is once face to face with the enemy, 
 tui-tek ; to oppose. tiii i li-kwii hiani ; kept 
 
 on blaming her. i ai° tui i si ; ho will oppose 
 him to the death. i khi kau ai" liii se" nang 
 61 ; he is so angry that he wants either to kill 
 or be killed by him. tiii-tui kah ; just exactly 
 fits. tiii sim ; examine judicially face to face, 
 ne tui-tui ; exactly corresponds. ju ui jii tui ; 
 the more afraid your are of a thing, the more 
 apt your are to meet it. 
 
 tui 112 A foot-pestle, commonly used 
 924 8 to hull rice ; to pound in a 
 mortar; one beat of the pestle. 
 i u tiii li bo khu, i u khu li bo {lii ; tlie one had 
 a pestle and no mortar, and the other a mortar 
 and no pestle, ci'a ttii khah khin, tiii thau tieh 
 lui teh ko cieh ; this pestle is too light, and a 
 stone must be put on its upper end to make it 
 heavier. i kui chi'a khut tui ham tieh ; her 
 hand was hit by the descending pestle. cl 
 
 kai tiii tang cai, tah bo hie" phu ; this pestle is 
 very heavy, and it does not rise much when 
 tread upon, ci ko ho lai kek kfii ciii-tui ; this 
 is a good place to set up a rice-pounder work- 
 ed by water-power. 
 
 "V*^ tui 64 To beat; to pommel; to pound. 
 j'jiQ. 102 10 tiii mng ; thump on the door, 
 tui ie ; beat the loins to relieve pain. i khi 
 
 kau to tui sira-kua"; he is so vexed that he 
 beats his breast, tiii kim-poh ; beat out gold- 
 leaf, khia ki thih-thui lai tui ; bring an iron 
 pstle and pound it. tiii-sa^-thui ; a pounder 
 used in washing clothing. 
 
 tui 32 Dilapidated; ruined; disused ; 
 
 910 12 decayed ; effete ; to fall, 
 hiii-tui ; spoiled from lack of care ; worn out 
 and useless. ke-hiie hui-tiii ; the tools are 
 
 worn and shackly. chu, bo nang tin, min kui 
 ni cii hiii-tiii khu; an uninhabited house be- 
 comes dilapidated in but a few years. hue- 
 hng kai chiu-bak, bo siu-sip, hui-hui tui-tui; 
 the shrubs of the flower garden, not being 
 cared for, are thin and sickly. hu kai kia"-tl 
 si hui-tui kai kia"-ti ; that son of hers is a 
 poor stick, i kai ji-sai si hui-tui kai nang; her 
 husband is a poor decrepid creature. tui loh 
 tli6-ti-e ; toppled over on to the ground, i kai 
 tho tui tio khu ; she has had a miscarriage. 
 ci ie° ieh oi tui tho, m ho theng ciah ; this 
 medicine may produce a miscarriage and should 
 not be taken carelessly. 
 
 p-^ tui 32 To fall; to dangle by a string; 
 
 --f> 910 12 to hang at the end of a rope ; 
 to let down by a rope, 
 cek liap che" tui loh lai ; a star is falling, tui 
 
 m 
 
 tho ; a miscarriage. tui ]6\\ be ; fell off his 
 
 horse. ti-tu tiii si, tui i6h hii; tho spider 
 
 comes down on a thread of his own spinning, 
 cang soh tui i loh khii ; let it down by a rope, 
 cang soil pak li'o tui i loh sia"-chie" o ; tied it 
 to the end of a rope, and let it down over the 
 city wall. tui to cui t<5i ; lower it by a rope 
 into the water. i co to cun-pp-ki", i kai pi" 
 tui to ciii mIn ; he sat on^the edge of the boat 
 and his queue dangled in the water. 
 
 '* tui 170 A noun of multitude, a 
 925 9 squad, a company, a platoon, 
 nang cia° khun cia" tui ; people in groups and 
 squads. co cek tui cek tui kia"; go along in 
 squads, liet cek tui cek tui ; ranged in squads. 
 ai° pun CO kiii tui ? How many squads will 
 they be divided into ? kak kui tui-ngo ; each 
 returned to his own file. ua" ce ai" chut tui ; 
 a little later they will go forth to engage the 
 foe. ci tui ke nang, hu tui cie nang ; there 
 
 are more in this company than in that. cang 
 cia CO thau tiii ; make this the leading detatch- 
 ment. i to khia c6ng-tui-ki; he is tho 
 
 standard-bearer of the corps, be tiii ; cavalry 
 regiments. i kai tiii-ngo cia"-c6i c.li ; their 
 rank and file are uniformly disposed. chwn 
 tiii-ngo chut khu cap la"; the whole army has 
 gone into camp. 
 
 — tun — 
 
 ',ft^ tun 32 To heap up, to pile, to store; 
 
 'ftl 924 8 a mass, a crowd, a mound, 
 an accumulation, a stack. 
 
 tun CO cek tun ; heap them up in a heap, tun- 
 cek kau coi cai ; amassed a great quantit}'. 
 tun up cang-pang mua"-mua"; filled two go- 
 downs quite full. chau tun ; a straw stack, 
 sua tun ; a sand heap. ci-hue kai bi ho tun ; 
 the rice is now fit for storing. i cle" tng tun 
 bi cia" thang tieh ; he made a profit, the last 
 time, on the rice that he stored up. cek toa 
 tun thua"; a great pile of coal. tun cha ; pile 
 up wood. iiang-miieh tun kau coi-coi ; there 
 is a great crowd of people there. tun lio oi 
 sih kun-nie a boi ? Does it lose in weight by 
 being stored up ? 
 
 tun 167 Dull ; obtuse ; blunt. 
 
 928 4 tun to ku jio iu ; like cutting 
 a withered pumelo with a dull knife. ci ki to 
 khah tun, tieh khu bua lai cc ; this knife is too 
 dull, you must go sharpen it. i kai cieh tun 
 cai ; his wits are very obtuse. ci kai io tun, 
 hu kai io leng-lai ; this one is rather dull, that 
 one is more quick-witted. i k^i chui tun cS,i, 
 b6 mill oi ta" iie ; he is vei'y slow of speech, 
 and not fluent in talking. 
 
 i 
 
568 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 tun 32 A tumulus ; a mound or bar- 
 927 12 row of regular sliape. 
 
 in-tun ; a conical chimney within which signal 
 
 or beacon fires are lighted. 
 
 =iJ3. ^^^ 11? 1° inculcate ; to enjoin ; 
 P^ 103 8 earnestly, 
 lia co-ni tun-tun khng-koi i, i to m thia"; how- 
 ever earnestly I exhort him, he pays no heed 
 to it. tun-tun kuu-kai ; earnestly warn. 
 
 tiin 167 A depot ; to store ; to house. 
 
 928 18 ci ciah cun si tun cun, si id 
 
 tiin hue-raueh kai ; this vessel is the receiving 
 ship, in which the goods are stored. tiin kau 
 cek cai ti'-tl"; has been laden to its full capacity, 
 hiie cie" coi ka" tiin m tit a ! There are so many 
 goods that they cannot all be housed then ! 
 no sa" ie° tiin co cek e; two or three sorts are 
 stored together. 
 
 ■\Mt tiin 82 A plinth or base. 
 •^*\ 927 12 chie" tiin ; the base of a wall, 
 thio tiin ; the pedestal of a pillar. kih cSk 
 
 ciie cieh tiin ; lay up a stone plinth, kie tiin ; 
 the piers of a bridge. 
 
 tiin 111 Thort ; thickset. 
 
 937 7 i se" lui oi-tiin 6i-tun ; she 
 is very dumpy, ngo din sin chai ; ho is short 
 but well proportioned ; sturdy, and well built. 
 
 m 
 
 tun 109 Involuntary twitching in the 
 
 302 12 flesh, 
 ci'-hue sin teng kai nek oi tun ; my fle.sh is 
 twitching just now. h(5-lid si-si kai mak kliTip- 
 khap tun : iIi cai si mih su ; without any 
 previous indication of trouble, my eye keeps 
 twitching : I don't know what is going to 
 happen. koi'-thau ci hue chuh-chuh tun, m 
 cai ho a i7i-hp ; at this moment there is a 
 nervous twitching in my shoulder, I do not 
 know whether it is a good or an evil omen. 
 
 ^^ 
 
 tiin 
 
 18 
 
 173 To tremble ; to shake. 
 7 hi'ang kau tl oi tun ; sound- 
 ed so loud that the earth sliook. hiy" poi" 
 kai tui ee ceng, cie° poi" kTii ti cu oi tiin ; when 
 the pounder comes down on the other side, the 
 ground on this side trembles. i ce td tah po, 
 01 liu-kQn chii k&i ti cu long-cong oi tun ; 
 when he steps, the floors of the neighboring 
 houses all shake. 
 
 tti ti.n 64 To jerk ; to pull at violently. 
 1017 11 tiii) tng ; broke by jerking, 
 tun m tng ; cannot jerk it apart. cun-th&u- 
 fcoh khut huang-eng tiin tiig khii ; the rope by 
 which the boat is made fast, has been broken 
 
 by the storm. ktia thih soli la khut i tiin tiig 
 khu ; even iron chains were broken by him. 
 
 tun 80 The lips; a projection like a 
 
 783 7" lip. 
 i kai chili-tun cu-cu ftng ; her lips are ruby red. 
 i kai tun khah tio ; i kai chiii-tun khio-khio ; 
 her lips curve outward very much. tun ai° 
 
 k«1u, ai° si-cia", ki" ang; the lips should be full, 
 shapely and red. i kua" kau chiii-tun o-o ; 
 
 she is so cold that her lips are purple. i kai 
 chui-tun poh-sfe poh-sie ; his lips are very thin, 
 chui-tfin khih cek kp; he has a harelip. tQn 
 buang, khi hang ; if the lips are lost the teeth 
 are cold ; if the outlying states are taken I am 
 in danger. sit-cfii si tun buang klii hun» ; is 
 really such discomfort as the teeth would feel 
 if the lips were gone. tun au khau cih si i 
 
 kai I)(5 ; his pronunciation is best in all kinds 
 of words. ci kai ji si tun im a si cih im ? Is 
 this word a labial or a lingual ? cf tia" e tieh 
 lai kih ktli tun; must build up a terrace before 
 the open space in front of the grave. ci ko 
 
 tho kai tun cie" iigi'a tia'-tieh Q hwt ; just here 
 where a lip protrudes there is sure to be a 
 grave. tia"-e cQ se° Q kfti cieh tGn ; in front 
 of the area before tho grave there is a natural 
 stone projection. 
 
 tQn 162 To hide awjy-, to skulk, to 
 928 9 conceal one's self ; in retire- 
 ment; hidden. 
 
 mai° khut i tun khu ; do not let him skulk off. 
 i ce kia" cQ iii ai" tun; if he gets frightened 
 there is danger that he will run off and hide 
 away. tQn kau hd ia° khu ; vanished away 
 
 leaving no trace nor sign. i tun jip sua" khii 
 tiam ; he absconded and hid himself in the 
 mountains. i oi eng khi mng tun kah ; ho 
 
 knows how to skillfully dispose troops in am- 
 bush, i oi cieh tho tQn ; he conceals himself 
 by stirring up the dust around him. 
 
 To cook by surrounding with 
 boilinsr water the dish that 
 
 Xmt tfi:i 86 
 
 Ma^ 930 12 
 
 holds the food. 
 
 tun pfig; to stew rice, ai" tun cek-ki-hie° kii; 
 cook it as long as it takes an incense stick to 
 burn out. cheng tun ; peh tun; simply boiled 
 in a dish surrounded by water. 
 
 tun 181 To put in order. 
 
 928 4 ci{i°-tun nang-be lai kio i 
 cien ; get troops ready and give him battle, 
 ceng-tun kau iap-iap thiap-thiap; all made 
 completely ready. sia "cai pai " cu ho, min 
 sia " tun si'u pai," if your write " I present my 
 respects " (on the card), you need not write 
 "1 respectfully bow the head." 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 569 
 
 — tut — 
 
 tut 111 Short, as a dress; docked; 
 
 445- ~8~ curtailed, 
 to-tut ; very short and ratlier unseemly, as a 
 dress ; stumpy, as a queue; lopped, as a horn ; 
 short, as a broom. i se" lai td-tut t<5-tut ne ; 
 she is very dumpy. cek kai khah td-tut, cek 
 kfii khah t%-sieu ; one is too stubby, and the 
 other too lank. 
 
 t\ tut 75 A bitter medicinal vegetable, 
 /IV 779 T somewhat like an artichoke, 
 peh-tut, chang-tut, i-tut, u-chiam-tut, cia°-i- 
 tut, thi"-so"-tut ; are all varieties of this 
 medicinal root. 
 
 i/ti tAt 116 Abruptly ; suddenly; to rush 
 ^y\^ 921 4' out ; to bolt ; precipitate, 
 i tut-jien cu lai ; he came very suddenly, 
 thang-tut ; sudden, abrupt, brusque ; to offend 
 by assurance or pride, i ta" uo co su cii thang- 
 thang tut-tut ; he speaks and acts with great 
 precipitancy and audacity. tut chut cek ktii 
 iiung lai kiu i ; some one bolted out and rescued 
 him. khua"-khua° ne, mai° khah thang-tut; be 
 gentle and moderate, do not rush in too sud- 
 denly, i hti kau thang-tut cJii ; he bolted in 
 abruptly. ue ta" hli tha,Dg-thaug tut-tut ; 
 
 spoke in a very blunt manner. 
 
 §rt tut 107 To burnish ; to polish. 
 H^. 30 7 tut kau ne kng-kng, I'am-ki" 
 nang ; burnish it brightly, so that you can see 
 your face in it. 
 
 -—tu- 
 tu 152 A hog ; swine. 
 87 9 tu-ko ; a boar, tu-bp ; a sow. 
 tii-kia"; pigs, tu-lang ; a young sow. tu-ko ; 
 a young boar, chi tu; to rear swine, sua" tu ; 
 hun tu ; wild hogs. tu-cai ; a shote. nek tu ; 
 a porker, tu-la ; iu-iu ; lard. tu mo"; hog's 
 bristles, tu-phue ; hogskin. tu-sim, tu-kua"; 
 pig's heart and liver. tu-to ; tripe, tu hun ; 
 hog's caul. tu-nek ai" cia" kai a peh kai ? 
 
 Do you want lean or fat pork ? tu sien-ci ; 
 
 tu ie-ci ; pig's kidneys. tu-thui ; ham. tu 
 chui-tun ; a pig's snout, tu-toi ; pig's hoofs, 
 sie tu ; roast pork, tu-nek kuah cek seh cek 
 sell ; cut the pork in sections. tu biie khie ; 
 the rump of a hog. tu-th&,u-cang ; brawn or 
 head-cheese. tu cang-mo"; the bristles on a 
 hog's neck. tu phia"; sides of pork, tu bue 
 nek ; pork tenderloin. tu thau chue ; hog's 
 
 brains, tu pai kut ; a sparerib of pork, kho 
 kue tu ta"; more bitter than swine's gall. tu 
 pak lai ; the entrails of a hog. To tu-nSk ; 
 
 pickled pork. 15 kiam tu-Ti6k ; salt pork* 
 
 chwn tu ; a whole hog. tu kha- kih ; pig's 
 
 feet. tu-slu ; a pig-sty. tu.l6 ; a pig-pen. 
 tu-lam ; a basket used in carrying pigs to mar- 
 ket, tu tiam ; a butcher's block. tu to ; a 
 butcher's knife. thai tu ; to slaughter hogs, 
 tu tong ; a pig broker ; a dealer in pigs. tu-t6; 
 butcher's shop, pui tu ; toa tu ; a fat hog. tu 
 than pui ; swelled face, arising from cold or 
 disease. i tu-tu ne, siii i khu khang ; he is 
 
 very much like a pig, and can bo cozened by 
 anybody. tu co ; tu khng ; a pig's trough, i 
 no ciah tu ke jieh coi ngun ? How much will 
 the two liogs sell for ? thSi si tu, ; butcher 
 
 a dead hog ; make a worthless thing appear fit 
 to sell. si tu-nek boi kiara ci"; the flesh of a 
 hog that has diied a natural death sells for less 
 money, kien-kong tu ; a hog that has died of 
 plague, tieh tu un ; has hog disease, tu tieh 
 co ; the pig is sick. hue kha tu ; a spotted 
 
 pig. tu hui ; hog's lights, tu chieh ; pig's 
 spleen. 
 
 h^lt tu 167 A hoe. 
 
 )WyJ 93 7 tu-thau ; a hoe. tu-thau pe"; 
 hoe-handle. cek e tu-thau sa" tfam kua" kfvi 
 ci"; money earned by three drops of sweat at 
 each stroke of the hoe. cang tu-thau thiia" 
 chau ; take the hoe and dig away the weeds, 
 tu-thau au to koi"-thau ; carrying a hoe over 
 his shoulder. 
 
 |t^ tu 170 To do away with ; to remove; 
 |X|> 92 7 to root out ; to subtract ; ex- 
 cepting ; besides. 
 
 tu au, khi.im jieh coi ? How much remains due 
 after subtracting this ? tu kau lai bo khu ; 
 
 subtract till nothing I'emains. tu si nie ki ; 
 
 subtract four ounces for the weight of the 
 wrappings, tu ceng jieh coi ? What is the net 
 weight ? tu no kun to ; take off two catties 
 for the weight of the bag. i kim-jit tu hk ; 
 they lay aside mourning to-day. i hi'o kui tu ; 
 he understands division and subtraction, tieh 
 tu tit i kai pe"-kun ing ; must remove the cause 
 of the disease, tu-hui ; when ; if ; premising ; 
 thereafter. tu-hui tieh i cia° oi ; premising 
 
 that we have him it may be down, tu chii cu 
 gua bo nang hi'o ; exclusive of this one, there is 
 no one who understands it. tu ci cek n^ng cu 
 gua bo nang pat ; beside this single individual 
 there is no one who knows. tu si ci cek iii 
 
 cia" oi ; supposing it is this person, we can 
 do it. tu pau ua" liang ; extirpate the 
 
 violent, and tranquilize the good. tu si i k&i 
 se"-mla°; destroy his life. tu kau i coh khu ; 
 root them out so that they may not spring up 
 again. cie"-se" sit-cai tu n9,ng ; that is really 
 
670 
 
 DICTIOKART OF THB SWITOW DULKCT. 
 
 enough to destroy one. tfi ilo cSk kfti ; take 
 away one. chau-tu cli&k-hui"; exterminate 
 
 rebels. peh-se" hue khut i tu-pak kku. ii5i ra 
 khu ; the people are harried by them beyond 
 endurance. tu tlo phue ; remove the rind, 
 
 cam chau tfi kun ; cut down the weeds, and 
 destroy their roots ; utterly extirpate. 
 
 tu 118 Chopsticks. 
 
 90 9 g6 tu, tek tu, o tu, ngiiu tu; 
 chopsticks of ivory, of bamboo, of ebony, or of 
 silver, cek ki tu ; cek ciah tu ; cSk kha tu; a 
 chopstick. cek sang tu ; a pair of chopsticks, 
 cang tu lai koih ; take it up with chopsticks. 
 c§k p6 tu b1 cilp sang ; there are twenty chop- 
 sticks in one bundle. tfi.ng tu ; brass tongs for 
 picking up incense. thih tu ; iron rods used 
 as tongs. sie" ngfin kai tu ; chopsticks plated 
 with silver. ku tu ; take up the chopsticks ; 
 begin the meal. pai ceng tu ; set the table. 
 
 ai° pai jieh coi hu ceng tu ? For how many per- 
 sons shall I lay the table ? lira tu; hold the 
 chopsticks, siii tu ; use the chopsticks, cang 
 tu thak ; break oft a bit with the chopsticks. 
 
 — twn — 
 
 twn 117 The origin ; elementary prin- 
 
 936 9 ciples ; strait, correct, direct, 
 grave, decent. 
 
 c6 pang ko twn-huang si-cia"; sit upright and 
 squarely in your chair, i si twn-cia kfti nftng ; 
 he is an upright man. i b6 twn cp-ni me" lu ? 
 Why does she berate you with no sufficient 
 I'eason ? i kai sim-sut put twn ; his notions 
 are incorrect. mi.a"-khi si twn ngS coih ; 
 
 to-morrow is the 6th of the 6th moon. cfa si 
 Bim-mih in-twn ? What is the origin of this ? 
 i sng si i twn kai nang ; he is a man who 
 holds heretical views. 
 
 Z^^ twn 58 A summing up of the applica- 
 .^^V 938 6 tion of the diagrams, and the 
 good or bad embodied in them. i kai twn-su 
 co-ni ta° ? What is the gist of his divination ? 
 
 twn 69 To settle ; to decide ; to give 
 
 937 14 a judicial opinion ; surely ; 
 certainly. 
 
 kau kong-tng cu.jien u kong-twn; if brought 
 into open court there will of coui-se be a just 
 decision given. kua° si'm h'o cp-ni twn ? How 
 did the magistrate, after examination of the 
 case, decide it ? cie"-se° phwn-t\v n lai tieh ; 
 that settlement of the case is a correct one. 
 h'ang ke long-cong cun twn ; both parties 
 acquiesced in the decision. twn kau nang 
 
 l(Sng-c6ng su-hok ; gave such a decision that 
 
 all parties submitted to it. i cp su u kwt- 
 
 twn ; he acts with decision. i mia''-ke twn 
 
 khiie; he is expert in deciding what is signified 
 by omens. i kai khue twu lai khue cSi ; the 
 predictions which ho gives in divining prove 
 very exact, i twn-twn m ka°; he will certainly 
 not do so again, ua th6i" twn b6 ci'a su ; I do 
 not believe there is any such thing, twn tu ai° 
 twn tit kong ; in disposing of a case, one wants 
 it disposed of justly. cang cheng-li lai tvVn ; 
 settle it in accordance with the principles of 
 equity. 
 
 ntl t^n Z? wu-twn; tortuous; serpentine. 
 |lil 468 2 wn-wn twn-twn ; winding to 
 and fro. i kai sim-tng wn-twn cSi ; his mind 
 is very crooked. hfa 16 wn-wn twn-twn, oh 
 jln ; the road is so full of crooks and bends 
 that it is very difficult to follow. ci ki clilL 
 
 khah wn-twn ; this stick of wood is too 
 crooked. ch6ng-H tieh cin tit ta", mki° wn- 
 
 twn ; the truth should be told in a straight- 
 forward way, without circumlution. 
 
 twn 69 To cut assnnder ; to break in 
 
 937 14 two. 
 i twu tlo kle ; they destroyed the bridge. cO 
 si i td twn &u ; it was they who brought up 
 the rear in the retreat. 
 
 twn 118 The square and involuted 
 118 9 form of Chinese characters, 
 invented in the Cheu dynasty, 
 i 5i sia twn jl ; he can write the seal character, 
 cf khi kie-cp thih-siia" twn ; this kind is called 
 the wire form, having the lines unbroken and 
 of unvarying width, twn ph6 ; a specimen of 
 seal characters used as a copy. hia kua°-in 
 
 cek p6i" twn ji, c6k p6i° mua° ji ; that official 
 seal has seal characters on one side and Manchu 
 characters on the other. 
 
 jl'0t twn 86 
 7»bC 937 T 
 
 To calcine ; to drive moisture 
 , ^ ^ - out of solids by heat, 
 
 eng cp twn cieh-kp, mai° eng cp che° cieh-kp ; 
 make it of calcined, not of unprepared gypsum, 
 tvvn cp hu ; calcine it and make it into pow- 
 der, cang hiie lai twn; drive out the moisture 
 by fire. 
 
 I^/L twu 79 To lay things out. 
 '^SC 937 5 chiu-twn ; handiwork, thoi" 
 i ti'en sim-mih chiu-twn chut lai ; see what 
 sleight of hand he displays. chiu-twn kau- 
 
 khiang ; workmanship showing the very high- 
 est degi-ee of skill, i to kp tien chiu-twn ; he 
 is displaying his dexterity. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 671 
 
 m 
 
 — twfc — 
 
 twt 87 To ci'iticise and expunge. 
 
 913 n chak Iwt; examine and lop 
 off what is impropei' ; a final phrase in petition.s. 
 liau i chak-tvvfc ; wait until he thinks it over 
 and suggests amendments, ciak-tvvt; to delib- 
 erate upon and then fix the points. ai" co-ni 
 ciak-t\vt ? What amendments would you sug- 
 gest ? tia"-twt ; finally settle on. tang i ka- 
 ki lai cia° u tla"-tvvt ; wait until he himself 
 comes, and then the exact form will be decided 
 on. ciak-twt kau hd-hd cia"-lai tia"-twt ; give 
 full consideration to the various point, critising 
 each, and then decide what shall be retained 
 and what expunged. 
 
 — tha — 
 tha 9 A personal pronoun, he, she, 
 840 3 it, that, the other, another. 
 
 tha nang ; the other person. mai" kwn tha ; 
 pay no attention to it. lu lia tha lai sie kang 
 pun; let us, you, me and him, divide it among 
 us. iu tha ; let him alone. liu kau tha hng 
 gua li ; wandered away into other countries. 
 
 — tha" — 
 +0 tha" 82 Plain ; level. 
 
 ^yi 856 5 ^ pe°-tha"; level. tieh chue 
 kp pe°-tha" kai cia" hd pang; must seek a level 
 spot in which to set it down, siu-sip kau pe"- 
 pe° tha"-tha", chvvn boi khi-khu; made perfect- 
 ly level, with no inequalities of surface. 
 
 thS." 145 To superimpose, so as to 
 805 16 conceal what is underneath. 
 ci teng tha" kai tng sa"; covered his usual 
 clothing with a long gown. hu tdi phue-tng- 
 niu, ci teng tha° kai koih-tiig-niu ; a long fur 
 tunic on the inside, with a long, lined, un- 
 waded tunic put on over that. 
 
 — thah — 
 thali 32 A tower; a pagoda; a pile 
 
 'pl" 843 10 erected over a relic of Buddha, 
 lu ka° peh-cie° thah teng me ? Would you 
 venture to climb to the top of the pagoda ? 
 kih kai thah-ki'a"; build a small tower. khi 
 kai thah kau in kui"; build a pagoda nine 
 stories high. thah teng teng ; the apex of 
 
 the pagoda. thah ki"; the balconies. thah 
 kha ; the base. tui thah chie° toi kai tah-p6- 
 c^ng khi khu ; went up by the stairs in the 
 wall of the pagoda. 
 
 ]^% thah 29 To pile on ; to put one upon 
 
 ^^^- 892 11 another ; a pile. 
 
 th&h CO no thSh ; pile them up in two piles. 
 
 m 
 
 m-hd t6 thah ; do not pile them in a reversed 
 order. sie teng thah to-kp ; piled one above 
 another, thah sx-cia"si-cia"; pile them evenly 
 and squarely. teng-t6ng thah-th&h ; piled 
 
 range above range. 
 
 — thai — 
 thai 130 hai-thai ; the fetus, the em- 
 IpJ 847 5 bryo ; the pregnant womb, 
 i u hai-thai ; she is pregnant. cilp gueh hai- 
 thai cek tng kai sin-kho ; the tenth month of 
 pi-egnancy is a continuous suffering. 
 
 \^ thai 182 A cyclone ; a whirlwind. 
 
 440 8 huang-thai ; a typhoon, ai" 
 cp huang-thai ; there is going to be a gale, 
 ngo tieh toa huang-thai ; met a typhoon. 
 
 ^^ thai 118 A sieve ; to sift. 
 pip 732 10 thai bi ; to sift rice. M- 
 thai ; a sieve for sifting rice, thai khah lang ; 
 the sieve is too coarse, thai khah bak, thai m 
 chut ; the sieve is too fine, and does not sift it. 
 thai-tau ; a flour sieve, thai-tau khuang, thai- 
 tau se ; the rim, and the bottom of the sieve, 
 ieh thai ; a sieve to sift medicines. tS thai ; a 
 strainer in a tea-pot. to-pun thai ; a sieve for 
 sifting ashes. 
 
 thai 104 thai-kp; leprosy. thdi- 
 
 . i>s 500 16 kp phua; a leprous crone, 
 thai-kp lio ; a lazar-house. ci'a si cu kut thai ; 
 this is a leprosy that destroyes the bones. 
 
 y^ thai 85 Large, exalted. 
 ▼1^ 848 5 thai-sua"; a lofty mountain 
 in the west of Shantung, which gives fame to 
 Tai-ngan-fu. ua i cp thai-sua"; depends on 
 
 him to back him up. 
 
 ~- Fi ^ thai 37 An intensive adverb implying 
 *.Av 848 1 extreme ; a term of respect, 
 thai-thai ; her ladyship, u lau thai-thai a b6? 
 Has his Excellency a wife ? lu il ki" kue a- 
 thai me ? Have you seen Madame ? thai hu- 
 jin to ke teng ; her ladyship is at home, thai- 
 cu ; the heir-apparent. thai su, thai hu ; the 
 highest and the next the highest in rank 
 among the teachers of the prince. thai pau ; 
 chief among statesmen, huang-ti kai a-pe th6 
 ui au cheng-cp thai-siang-uang ; after the 
 father of the emperor has resigned the throne 
 he is called the Grand Duke. ra-hd cp khah 
 thai kize ; do not over do it. kku i sie" 
 
 hue le thai chi Id ; when he had repented it 
 was too late. ci kai li thai hue, ci kai li put 
 kip ; the one is too much by far, and the other 
 is not sufficient. kua"-hu k^i ji-n&ng sa"-nang 
 
672 
 
 DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 nang clieng-hu i c6 i-thai ; the second and 
 third wives of officers are addressed as Madame, 
 thai kong, thai phiia ; l&u thai ia, thai ma ; 
 are appelations of the parents of men of repute, 
 thai siang lau kun ; an honorable name for 
 the founder of Tauism. 
 
 -Jb^ thai 64 To carry between two or 
 ^pl| 848 6 more persons on a pole; to 
 put forward. 
 
 poih thai kle ; a sedan with eight bearers, cb 
 kau poih-thS,i ; promoted to an office which 
 permits one to be carried by eight chair-bearers. 
 iau-thai chi-ke ; raise the current price, th&i 
 kii ; to reccommend. i cb cl kla" su si lia thSi- 
 ku i kai ; it was I who recommended him for 
 this, put sck thai-ku ; ignore his sponsor, cf 
 ksii nang m h(5 thai-ku ; it is not best to 
 nominate this person. thai-ku ili khf ; not 
 
 equal to the recommendation. 
 
 thdi 188 A lookout; an observatory; 
 
 847 8 a fort ; a staging ; a stand ; 
 a watchman's post over a gate ; a title of 
 respect to officers. 
 
 tok kui phau-thrii ; build a fort. kh^ h\-thai ; 
 put up a platform for theatrical performances. 
 Ill tiang-si khai thai ? When does the perform- 
 ance begin ? cia si sin khai thai kili ; this is 
 newly opened. ci-th{ii, bii-thfii, hwn-thfii, 
 
 ngiak-thili, tJlu-thai ; the five highest civil offi- 
 cers of a pi'ovince. thi-thai, tin-thai, hiap- 
 thfii ; the three highest military officers in a 
 province. hien thai ; tlie high provincal offi- 
 cei's. lau-hia°-thui, lau-cek-tbrii ; a respectful 
 form of adress to a middle-aged or old man. 
 
 *jr«t^ th&i 76 A theatre ; a stage'; a table- 
 'f M 846 5 sin khai-thai kai hi; a newly 
 formed company in a theatre. tiang-gi ai" 
 
 khai-thai ? When is the grand opening to take 
 place ? i khai-thai toa cai ; his outlays ai'e 
 
 immense. 
 
 ^ll thai 79 To slaughter; to kill ; to put 
 /|5C 731 6 to death ; to cut in pieces; to 
 
 fight. 
 
 thai nang ; to commit murder, sie thai ; fight 
 with intent to kill each other. thai thoi" ti- 
 tiang ia"; fight and see who will conquer, thai 
 i m kue; could not overcome him in fighting. 
 i khut i thai si khu ; she was slain by him. 
 thai si uaug tieh sie" luia"; must make compen- 
 sation for a life destroyed. thai pe suah bp 
 cu chiu ; a mortal enemy, thai gu ; to butcher 
 cattle, thai koi ; kill a fowl. thai thau cue ; 
 a crime whose punishment is decapitation, ki" 
 
 n^ng cu thai; killed every one he saw. thai 
 m loh chiu ; chiu nng, thai ili loh ; could not 
 bring myself to kill it. 
 
 ^C^ thai 80 Eminent; exalted; your honor. 
 M 847 2 lau thai ; Great Sir. ISu hia" 
 thai ; Exalted Sir. thai ke ; Your Honor, 
 
 sara thai ; three stars in the feet of the Great 
 Bear. thai-phd hue c6ng chia' k^; His Ex- 
 cellency has not yet announced the time for the 
 Examinations. 
 
 thRi 60 To wait for or upon ; to 
 845 6 await; to expect ; toti-eat; 
 to behave toward. 
 
 thai lia lai ; wait till I come. chia" thai lia; 
 please wait for me. thai k^u miia"-khi; wait 
 till to-morrow, kwn-thai ; to treat well or ill; 
 to behave to. kwn-thai i co nang-kheh ; treat 
 him as if he were a guest. lai khu hu kp sie 
 thai; wait for each other at the rendezvous, 
 thai khah ku, c6 i khu ; had too long to wait , 
 and went off. 
 
 tb&i 61 Air, gait, bearing. 
 . _j> 849 10 hu kai th6i" tleh Q kai ml"- 
 thfti ; that one appears to have seductive ways, 
 sio-jin kai thai ; the manners of a boor. sio- 
 jin hiie kio-ngau kai thai ; the hauteur of a 
 plebeian ; the air of a parvenu. 
 
 — thak — 
 
 thak 157 To kick. 
 
 903 8 thak t (5; kick over, cang 
 kha khu thak i; kicked him. khut b^ thak 
 tieh ; kicked by a hor.so. i kai au kiia 6i thak 
 nang; he is apt to kick at people with his 
 hind legs, in i°-keng ka-iauh, khut i kai kha 
 ce thak cu khi lai ; when the shuttle-cock had 
 fallen, he sent it up again by a kick. i khut 
 i thak si khu ; she was killed by a kick from 
 him. thak kiu ; play foot-ball. i ki" tieh i 
 tieh thak hia ; whenever she sees him she 
 must bend the knee. i no nang thak kha lio 
 khuang-phien i ; the one gave the other a hint 
 by a little kick and both combined to befool 
 him. thak m khui sin; could not kick it away. 
 
 ^ fe thak 32 To stop up, to plug up, to 
 >^y 728 10 cork up. 
 chue kp chau-cua kio i thak tia°; get a piece 
 of brown paper and plug it up. hu kai khang 
 tieh chue kp cieh lai thak cia" thak tit cu ; 
 must get a stone to stop up that hole with 
 and then it will remain stopped. cui lak li 
 
 toa, hia sua^-tho thak Iph khu cii khut i piin 
 tio ; the force of the stream is considerable, 
 and if you stop it up with earth it will be 
 
DICTIONART OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 673 
 
 swept away. ko mi" un ieh thak-pang 
 
 lii"-kliang-khau ; a bit of cotton dipped in 
 medicine and put in the ear. jue ko cliau-ciia 
 thak 1 kai plii"-kliang; rolled up a paper pellet 
 and plugged up bis nostril. 
 
 ll thak 18 To pick at or dig at. 
 ^'4 903 8 tbak kbf; pick the teeth, 
 khf-thak ; a tooth-pick. kbieh ki mueh khu 
 tbak, ce tbak i cu chut lai ; take something 
 aud pick at it and as soon as you give it a dig 
 it will come out. si i tbie-tbak kku i se° kbi; 
 lie has kept picking at her till she is vexed, 
 i ia mki° thie-tbie tbak-thak to boi se" su ; if 
 he wei'e not always harping on it, no distur- 
 bance would have arisen. 
 
 \S» ^^^^ ^ cau-thak ; to knock about » 
 r*^^ 843 10 to waste uselessly ; to treat 
 carelessly; to fail in showing proper respect to- 
 ward, mai" cau-thak tio mueh-kia" ; do not 
 put things under useless wear and tear. i to 
 si hie°-se° cau-thak i ; that is the way he 
 knocks it about. tong-put-tong, cu. cau-thak 
 nang ; whatever else he does not do, he gives 
 people occasion to be vexed with him. 
 
 All thak 18 To pole a boat on the mud 
 /3> J 1035 6 or in very shallow water, 
 cun ce thak khui cu u huang ; as soon as the 
 boat is shoved off there will be wind. tieh 
 
 kbieh ki ci'e" khu thak cia° u lak ; must take 
 an oar to thrust into the mud, then you can 
 make your strength effective. 
 
 tbak 177 A nomadic tribe anciently 
 841 13 dwelling on the northwest. 
 thak-kia°; a term of contempt for the Mongols, 
 chio kiie thak-kfa°, mai" thin i ; they are more 
 powerful than Mongols, do not molest them. 
 
 ^^ thak 80 To stop up the mouth ; a 
 *0f 493 4 stopper. 
 
 cun-thak ; a bottle-stopper. cang cui-mi"-cha 
 lai thak cia° boi siap kbi ; stop it up with a 
 cork, then it won't lose its strength, ko thak, 
 thak lio, poih m chut ; having put in the stop- 
 per, I cannot pull it out. chue ko lai thak ; 
 get something to stop it up with. 
 
 ^ thak 149 To read aloud ; to study. 
 
 gH 923 15 thak cu, thak si, thak keng; 
 to read essays, poems and rituals. own sira 
 
 thak cu koi pat ; give your whole mind to the 
 study of it, and you will easily learn it. aim 
 cu-cii lai thak cu khue-khue pat ; if you study 
 intently you will learn quickly. ce"-ce" tiam- 
 tiam thak ; study uninterruptedly, thak khah 
 kiie cu ai° se° mau°-pe° ; if you study too hard 
 
 you will bo ill. ^m-ce" thak ; read in retire- 
 ment, thak s6i sia"; read in a low tone. thS,k 
 toa sia" ce ; read louder. th&k sek-sek ; read 
 it till it is thoroughly learned. tiie i kai chiii 
 biie thfik ; read it after him. tui thak kue Ho ; 
 have already compared it with the other copy, 
 by following this with the eye while the other 
 was read aloud. kin-ni to ti-k6 th&k ? What 
 are you studying this year ? 
 
 Z^ thak 85 To drip. 
 llpj 901 11 khut i thak ta cS ; let it 
 drip dry. hi cim li'o khua"-khua° khut i thS.k 
 tio ciii ; after soaking the rice let it gradually 
 drip till all the water drips out. 
 
 — tham — 
 
 ^^^ tham 154 To covet; to desire inor- 
 ^^ 853 4 dinately. 
 tham sim put cok ; the covetous are never 
 satisfied. tham-l&.m; avaricious, lu phah-sng 
 a tham-thau a b6 tham-thSu ? Do you think 
 there is anything to desire in it or not ? Q 
 nang li tham cia, u n&ng li tham ciah, u nang 
 li tham ci°, ii nang li tham sek : kak u s(5 
 tham ; some are fond of wine, some of dainties, 
 some of money, some of women: each has some 
 object of supreme desire. n9,ng m-hd khah 
 
 tham, khah tham cu tieh go su ; one should 
 not be too inordinately desirous of anything, 
 for so doing thwarts its object. tham khiia - 
 uah ; fond of ease. tham-thu i 6i sie th&i ; 
 
 calculated upon their fighting. 
 
 -4n|* tham 64 To manipulate. 
 qf4 839 2 tham khak ; to tie a knot, 
 tham ke kai khak cia° boi lat ; tie another 
 knot then it will not loosen. ai° tham si khak 
 a tham uah khak ? Do you want it tied in a 
 hard knot or in a bow knot ? 
 
 *p_^C tham 64 To explore, to sound, to feel 
 jyjv 853 8 and search ; to speculate on ; 
 to try to get information about, 
 ham cek nang soi" kbi tham, tham-thdi" 
 su si co-ni, kah tham-thia" i kai n^ug u 
 lai a bue ; send some one to first go and get 
 authentic information, finding out what is the 
 condition of affairs, and whether he has arrived 
 yet. ci kai nang hd eng co tham-be ; this is 
 a good person to employ as a detective. liah 
 tieh chak kai tham-kia°; caught the spy sent 
 by the rebels. lu khu chi-tham ce ; you go 
 
 and experiment upon it. i i°-keng khu tham 
 Bin-sek ; he has been to see what news he 
 could get in regard to it. tham-mng ; to 
 
 inquire about, eng soli thui in thkm-thoi" cui 
 jieh chim ; let down the lead by a rope and 
 
574, 
 
 DICTIONIET or THE STTATOW DIALICT. 
 
 see Low deep the water is; sound and ascertain 
 the depth. teng-tLam-hue ; the third of the 
 Hanlin academicians ; (the name has reference 
 to the metaphor of plucking the sprig of Olea 
 
 frarjrans). 
 
 %^^ th^m 145 A sacrifice offered at the 
 J*-^» 856 12 end of the twenty-seven 
 months or the three years of mourning for a 
 parent, when the mourning garments are 
 put off. 
 
 thilm hok ; lay aside mourning. thftm l)6k 
 
 kue Ho cia" ho khl h6k ; after the mourning is 
 laid aside one returns to ordinary attire. 
 
 i21S thftm 86 Deep pools in a river ; un' 
 1-^ 855 12 fathomable, 
 chim kue bvvn lag chiratham; deeper than 
 a pool of ten thousand fathoms ; a bottomless 
 abyss. toi pkng Ho ch&ng khut i kiin co 
 
 tham ; the dike having given way, the fields 
 were washed out into pools. cia si ngQ tieh 
 th^m un eu kai ; this is having a vast favor 
 conferred on me. 
 
 th&m 104 Phlegm, mucous from the 
 855 8 lungs. ^ 
 ciu jit kai tham-nua" coi cfii ; raises much 
 phlegm, spitting continually all day. th&m 
 
 phui-pkng thfim-kdng k6 ; spit in the spittoon, 
 thftm-fip ; a small spittoon having a cover, 
 tlmra-kwn ; a spittoon. cia. clah lio ai" so" 
 
 tham ; after taking this you will raise phlegm, 
 tham phiii chut lai si k<it a el chieh r Is the 
 phlegm that you raise solid or watery ? th&m 
 cui ; thin raucous. tho tio thftm ; vomits 
 
 mucous, tham chku-cho ; fetid phlegm, khak 
 thfi,m ; hawk and spit. sio thftm ; to cut the 
 phlegm, hiie-tham ; an expectorant, i khut 
 i khi kau thara-phu ; she was so vexed that 
 she was suffocated by phlegm. cek cQn tham 
 lai kau cu tng-kue-khu; when the death-rattle 
 comes one dies at once. nang li m cai n&ng, 
 hi'a thfim li lo-l6-kie; he was wholly insensible, 
 and had the death-rattle in his throat. i ti 
 
 kai tham chwn pe°; his disease is expectoration 
 with shortness of breath. i si tham-iong si 
 
 khu ; he died of consumption. tham sau ; 
 
 a cough with much expectoration, ciah i kut 
 tham cia° ho ; take something to loosen the 
 phlegm and it will be better. i si tham sak 
 tieh sim-khio, sim-sin cia° oi m tla"; the 
 derangement of her mind is caused by the 
 passages in her chest being obstructed by 
 phlegm, sio tham sun khi ; a sedative, tham- 
 hue pe°; a cough with fever, i kai tham-hiie- 
 ceng seng lio ; he has settled consumption, si 
 jiet tham, a si hS,ng tham, a si huang tham, a si 
 
 ^^ tham 149 
 liyC 855 b 
 
 sip tham, a si ciah thftm ? Was his expectorat- 
 ing brought on by heat, cold, wind or damp- 
 ness, or was it caused by something he ate ? 
 kiin tham i"; pills taken to remove phlegm, i 
 kai tham sek si toa che" a si tba o ? Is the 
 phlegm which he raises flecked with green or 
 with black ? tham khph chut lai ti hueh-si ; 
 the phlegm which ho coughs up has flecks of 
 blood in it. 3»iah tham. Hang tham ; lung 
 
 complaints with either a feverish or a chilly 
 habit of body. 
 
 To converse ; to discuss ; 
 
 to talk ; a local dialect. 
 61" tham; idle conversation ; gossip. chap 
 
 nang tham-sng tham-chie c6 cQ boi hie" h\vu- 
 16; be where you will chat playfully with other 
 people and you will not be so gloom}', tham- 
 IQn ; to discuss ; to cavil at. i hiiu' phiah 
 
 ka-chng-fiu tham-lun nang kai td chii ; she is 
 fond of talking about people's short-comings 
 behind their backs, ngan-tham; conversation. 
 t5 ngan-tham cu kang put kak cu ta" chut lai ; 
 inadvertently spoke of it when talking, i kai 
 ue tii" lai se" tho-tham, b6 hie" cia"; he speaks 
 with a local accent, and not very correctly, 
 kak chu kak chii kai hiang tham ; each place 
 has its peculiar modes of speech, cia si khieh 
 khi lai cb chie tham kai ; this is something 
 she has treasured up to tell as a good joke. 
 
 tham 121 A cylindrical earthenware 
 855 12 wine-jar. 
 i kng cek tham cfu lai sie skng ; they brought 
 a jar of wine as a pre.sent. khu phah c6k 
 
 tham ciu kai ciu-toa' kio i sie hO ; went and 
 wrote out an order for a jar of wine, and sent 
 it to him as a congratulatory present. 
 
 tham 85 To step in the mud ; to get 
 652 9 mired, 
 tham loh khu lok-ce-kie ; splashed as he sank 
 in the mud. tham 16h khu lio, kha poih m 
 
 khi ; sunk in the mud and could not get out. 
 tham kau cek sin ceng-ceng thd-kau-mue"; got 
 mired so deeply that he was wholly covered 
 with mud. tham loh khu, bit pin kha-thau-u ; 
 sank up to his knees in mud. tham lio khut i 
 kuh kin to ko ; sank in the mire and stuck 
 fast. tham kau kai ui kai ai ; left tracks 
 
 where his feet sank in the mud. 
 
 — thang — 
 thang 64 To apportion uniformly ; to 
 854 19 allot equally; to rate; to 
 share. 
 
 ciia" nang lai thang phai ; each pays an equal 
 share. kai nang thang khi lai eng jieh coi 
 
DICTIONART 01" THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 671 
 
 M 
 
 ci° ? What is the araonnt to bo paid by each 
 as his sliare ? ai" co jlch coi hun I hang ? Into 
 liow many sliares is it to be apportioned ? 
 thang p6h-poh, mai" thang khah kau ; spread 
 it thin, do not spread it too thick, ko-ieh tieh 
 thang cdu-caa ; tho ointment must be spread 
 evenly. 
 
 thang 83 The •wherewithal ; the 
 171 ^ means wherewith, 
 i to u thang clah, tl thang cheng ; she has 
 enough to eat and to wear. bo tliang liai" i ; 
 have not the wherewithal to pay him. nek u 
 thang khut nang ciah, kut bo thang khiit nSng 
 khoi ; have meat that I can let people eat, but 
 no bones to let them gnaw ; will stand some 
 imposition, but not an unlimited amount of it. 
 
 V^S thang 162 To intercommunicate; per- 
 ! !»»' 932 7 spicuous, clear, thoi'ough. 
 
 kai to lai ne thang-thang ; his mind is very 
 clear. i sui si cie" toa to lai to m thang ; 
 
 although he is so large, his pei'ceptions are not 
 quick. thang-lang ; well ventilated ; free 
 
 and open. 
 
 * I <fc thang 37 Entirely ; very ; highly. 
 / V 839 i bo thang pat ; he does 
 not know much about it. hwn io sin, bo thang 
 hie" ISu ; it is still rather new, and not much 
 worn, sneh khu bo thang tui; the explanation 
 was not wholly to the point. bo thang oi; 
 
 not very competent. 
 
 thang 145 The leg of a stocking. 
 , ^. 1078 5 bueh thang; bueh ang ; 
 the leg of a stocking, khnah thang, oih thang; 
 wide and narrow legs. ci sang bueh thang lo 
 tng; the legs of this pair of stockings are longer. 
 
 thang 
 1078 
 boot leg. 
 
 177 The leg of a boot. 
 5 hia thang ; hia ang ; 
 
 11 
 
 thang 75 A tub ; a bucket ; a cask. 
 935 7 tio-thang; a small wooden 
 pail, with a high bail. puah-thdng ; a small 
 bucket used in drawing water from a well, 
 cui-thang ; water-buckets. kha-thang ; a 
 
 wash-tub. min-thang ; a wooden wash-basin. 
 ua°-thang ; a tub used in washing dishes, prig 
 thang; a wooden dish used to hold cooked rice, 
 bi-thang ; a rice-tub. kham-thang ; a cask 
 
 with a cover. no hi° thang ; a large bucket 
 with ears. thang nie ; the cross-piece in a 
 
 water-bucket. thang chle", thang toi, thang 
 kho, thang hi"; the sides, bottom, hoops and 
 bail of a bucket. ua" thang toi ; put a new 
 
 bottom in a bucket, ui thang; mend buckets. 
 hkm kfti Qa"-thang-t6i-kai lai kho thang; call 
 a bucket-mender to come and pot new hoops 
 on the buckets. 
 
 "f H thang 82 A plain ; level ; to level. 
 •MZ* 85G 5 01 tio 16 thang-pG" c&\ ; this 
 road is very level. thang-thang pe°-p6" kai 
 loa lo, koi kia"; a level highway, easily travel- 
 led, i kai sua"-{-i kau ci-k6 cu th^ng kai pe" 
 po; the mountain hero subsides into a plain, 
 lia^kai ue si thang-thang peh-peh kio lu tk", 
 chvvn bo cia-iam ; I tell you this plainly and 
 without the least concealment. ci kai tl-hng 
 10 pe^-thang, boi sia-kia; this place is level, 
 not inclined, hia ti-hng pe''-pe" thang-thang, 
 cek mo" b6 sua" b6 sQ ; that region is very 
 level, with neither mountains nor headlands 
 in sisrht. 
 
 thang 145 To bare the arm in order 
 856 5 to do something, 
 thang-cUm ; to help one who is in the wrong ; 
 to aid in an underhand way. slu i kai iu li'o 
 cu thang-ciam i ; takes his bribe and helps 
 him therefor. lia th6i° li i si tluing-ciam kau 
 chut min ; I consider it evident that he has 
 rendered underhanded assistance. kong-t.lii 
 cSi, chvvn bo thang-ciam piia" li ; it is all very 
 fair and honorable, and not the least supports 
 has been given in what was wrong. 
 
 J_l thang 9 If, perhaps, supposing, may, 
 HI _ 8G2 8 should ; unexpectedly, 
 thang-jiak ; if ; premising that. thang-jiak 
 si ai" li tieh soi" ta"; should you want it you 
 must say so beforehand. thang-hok bo lai cu 
 tieh cwu khu boi ; supposing that it does not 
 arrive, you must make an especial journey to 
 buy one. thang oi so-ngo le co-ni ? If you 
 
 should meet with any accident, then what ? 
 thang la si co m lai cu mai" khu ta" i; if he is 
 unable to do it, then say nothing about it. 
 thang ho ca ce li ca ce; if you can come earlier 
 then do so. 
 
 H^ thang 130 The sternal region. 
 QSt 856 13 thang-tong ; the centre of 
 the thorax, which Chinese physicians say is 
 tho seat of the breath ; they probably intend 
 to describe tho membrane that separates the 
 lungs. thang-tong kai meh khah phu ; tho 
 pulsations of the heart are too violent. 
 
 i^ thang 9^ An unforeseen 
 1^ 861 02 cidental. 
 thang lai cu much ; a thing which came unex- 
 pectedly to hand, thek-thang; unusual ; dis- 
 tinguished, i CO pang ko thoi" tieh leng-gua 
 
 thing J 
 
 ac- 
 
076 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THB SWITOW DULECT. 
 
 j^ thdng 64 
 JU 915 8 
 
 thek-thdng ; as ho sat there one could at once 
 see that he was sorae extraordinary person, 
 i khia pang k5 thoi^-tieh thek-thek thang- 
 thang, pat nang khia pang kp th6i° lieh 80-sd 
 s6k-s6h ; as he stood there lie appeared very 
 distinguished, while other people looked very 
 common. 
 
 thdng 158 To lie stretched out ; to lie 
 |HJ 862 8 down ; to sprawl. 
 16h khu thang c6 ; lie down for a while. 16h 
 khu khang-clifig thdng khun-kfiv'-ui, c§k sin 
 fo su-hu ; lie down on the divan a little while, 
 and you will feel loss fatigued. 
 
 thang 104 ng-thang ; the jaundice. 
 862 6 ng-thang kai p6° chiet-io 
 ar hun-piet si im a si iang ; in jaundice it is 
 important to distinguish between that which is 
 in the blood, and that which is manifested in 
 the complexion. 
 
 thang-p&a"; a salver, a'tray. 
 
 khieh kai thang-pda" khu 
 cho ; take a tray to hold them. sin c6 c6k 
 
 thang-pua" khieh Idi CJa° koi ; to put them all 
 upon one tray and bring them will be the 
 easiest way. 
 
 thdng 177 Skin from which the hair 
 493 8~ has been taken ; curried 
 leather. 
 
 mo° khu tlo, chun tcng ph{ie-thdng tla"-tla"; 
 take off the hair, and leave only the bare hide. 
 
 thdng 82 Rags, carpeting, or drugget. 
 856 8 ug6-chai kM thing ; varie- 
 gated drugget, ci khi thang so kai ; this rug 
 is sleazy. pho-tin fl cek nfa thang, chut mng 
 10 plen; if one has a rug with his bedding it is 
 more convenient for travelling. 
 
 "^^ thang 7 To extend to ; from ; over. 
 >~*^ 821 4 thhng ko b6 kai ; what has 
 not been from ancient times. thang ko cfik 
 nftng; from olden times, there has been but 
 one such man. thang kau hie" p6i° kok, fl 
 
 cek bwn li hiig ; extending to other countries, 
 ten thousand miles away. ci kai sua' thkng 
 kau sa" se"; these mountains extend over three 
 provinces. 
 
 thang 162 To go from this to that ; 
 877 7 to pass through ; to dis- 
 cern ; through; throughout, 
 i cai khu I'o thang cheng ; he understands the 
 state of affairs more thoroughly. lia thoi" 
 
 thang i ; 1 see through it. thoi" kau thang- 
 thang ; see to the bottom of it. cfa ki-kwn 
 
 cu th6i" m thkng ; does not see through this 
 device. cf choh thua° sie lai m thang; this 
 
 charcoal is not charred all the way through, 
 ci tio kau thang kiie hie' p6i° chang ; this 
 ditch runs through into the field on the other 
 side. ci kai khang thang kau hie" p6i° ko 
 
 khu ; this crevice extends through to the other 
 side. thng kau i kai khang sie-lia-thkng ; 
 
 punch a hole through, ci n& kai khang oi sie 
 thkng a b5i ? Do these two apertures com- 
 municate with each other ? i th6i" thang ti- 
 keh; ho can see through the earth, t&ng-ph&a 
 m s6i &ng, cS s^i cu sie-lln-thang ; old mother 
 Tang did not often wash her pots, but when 
 she did wash them she washed holes in them, 
 thing t45i chong-chd ; quite down to the bottom; 
 throughly settled up. i kfii su thang cSi ; 
 
 his affairs are thoroughly settled, pu khu bue 
 thkng sim ; it is not boiled through to the 
 centre. khut h5 ak kku lok-lok, thong sin nS 
 thiing-thing ; was drenched by the rain, and 
 wet through all that I had on. ciah loh khi^ 
 Au thkng k^u t<5 16ng-c6ng Hang; in eating it, 
 it makes roe feel cold from my throat all the 
 way down to ray stomach. ci choh miieh fe 
 
 choh cdi loh khi^ sip, sip k&u thkng-thkng ; dip 
 out some water and dampen these things all the 
 way through, ph&k kAu thkng keli ta; sun it 
 till it is dried all the way through. cie' p6i' 
 chii 6i thiing kiie hie' p6i' chu a boi ? Does 
 this house and that one intercommunicate ? 
 Ifti khui kai mft^ thang kue khji ; let us open 
 a door of communication between them, 
 thang-iai thang-khu, 16ng-c6ng sie thang; 
 opening out of one into another so that there is 
 communication between them all. sfa li'o kai 
 bak 6i thang kiie hie° p6i°; after writing it the 
 ink shows through on the other side, ci tio l6 
 thang kau hii-sia" long-cong si toa lo ; this 
 road is a wide one all the way from here to the 
 Departmental City. 
 
 ^|K-L thAng 41 Over against; by; through; 
 3t*J 924. 11 to. 
 
 i ai° thang tl-ko khu? By which route is 
 he going ? ua li thang ci'-ko lai, i li thkng hu- 
 kp hli ; I came one way and he another, hua' 
 ukng thang ti-kp khu ? Where have they all 
 gone ? thang i k5 khu ta° cu hd ; go along to 
 his house and tell him. 
 
 thang 80 To sigh ; to moan. 
 857 11 thang-khi; a sigh.^ thang 
 CO cek khau khi ; drew a sigh, i t(5 thang-khi 
 raiih su ? What is she sighing about. ^ chiang 
 thang cek sia°; drew a long sigh. ua.sit-cSi 
 thang-sieh i ; I am indeed sorry for him. 
 
DICTIONART OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 1^77 
 
 i|U *^l'^"g ]^ To gftin; to earn ; to be in 
 *|& 13 11 receipt of; to ninko a profit, 
 tliang ci"; earn money. cek jit tluiiig jieh coi 
 ci" ? How modi does he earn j)er day ? tliang, 
 pih, iTi kwn i kai su; wliether you gain or lose 
 is no affair of his. si thang si sih cie sDg; 
 
 whether yon gain or lose, it goes according to 
 the reckoning. kfii gueh thang u choi" ngun 
 che'* ci"; his gross earnings were a tliousand 
 dollai's in a month, tu sit, thang kau lak peh; 
 subtracting all losses, there remained a gain of 
 six hundred. i boi coh boi thang; he cannot 
 work and earn anything. kin ni kia pue 
 
 thang; this year the profits are double, sin ui 
 thang bwn-bwn m'e ; may you gain millions 
 next year. sin-kho thang, khua°-uah ciah ; 
 
 earn by hard labor, and eat in comfort. hu 
 pang hiie thang tieh me ? Was there a profit 
 on that load of goods ? toa thang; great 
 
 opportunities for making money. 
 
 i^^* thang 32 Dignified; honorable; vener- 
 jrEl 860 8 able ; a designation of rela- 
 tives of the same surname; a classifier of trials, 
 and of sets of furniture. 
 
 i no nang si tliang hia° ti ; the two men are 
 cousins, their fathers being brothers. ^^'ig 
 
 thang kai chun chiu jieh coi ? How many 
 springs and autumns has your honorable cousin 
 seen ? How old is your cousin ? ci kai si i kai 
 thS,ng a-cek ; this is his father's cousin, youn- 
 ger than his father, thang a-peh ; a father's 
 cousin, older than the father. thflng tiet; 
 
 thang tau-sun ; a father's cousin, thang a-s(5 ; 
 the wife of a cousin. i se° lai siang-mSu" 
 
 thang-thjing ; he has a very imposing presence. 
 i si thfing-thang cia"-cia'' kai nang ; he is a 
 very just man. thang-cia"; strictly just, i cek 
 koi" siu-sip kau thang-huang cai ; they have 
 made the place very magnificent. gua mln 
 
 th6i"-ki'' li thang-thaiig hiiang-huang, khi-sit 
 siang sio-khi ; has a very imposing appearance 
 but is really petty. thang ci rnue"; female 
 
 cousins whose fathers are brothers. ci thang 
 kua°-si su si thph ti-tiang li ? To whom has the 
 management of this lawsuit been entrusted ? 
 da ai" CO c6k thang chng-i"; I am going to 
 have a set of furniture made, cek thang kau- 
 1° te-ki ; a set of chairs and tea-poys. 
 
 thfing J42 The smaller sorts of aminals; 
 110 12 worms and insects, 
 khun thang ; small reptiles, chau th&ng ; in- 
 sects, thang Ilia; ants. thang iQi ; worms 
 and insects. cSk tio th^ng ; a worm. ie° 
 thang cii ie" chlu ; each sort of tree has its 
 borer, toa thang ciah soi thang ; large vermin 
 prey on Email vermin. 
 
 A 
 
 jjl ihkng 75 The catalpa, and similar 
 "J 93 A 6 large-leaved trees. 
 thfl,ng.iu si thang-ci khu cf> kili ; the oil gener- 
 ally used in jminting is made from the seeds of 
 the Elcaococca veriiicifem. th3,ng-iu-huo si 
 
 hue khii ceng thang-ia kai ; putty is mode by 
 pounding lime in paint oil. 
 
 thjing 64 tbang-sak ; thfmg-tf ; to 
 861 10 evade, to turn one off, to 
 decline politely ; to put a makeshift ; to raako 
 promises in other to avoid importunity ; to 
 make up for one thing by another. cang ci 
 
 kai ue cu l&i t(5 thang-tf ; said this merely to 
 get rid of further talk about it. 
 
 thang 98 Tiles shaped like a half 
 935 6 cylinder, 
 hia-thdng ; the semi-cylindrical tiles used on 
 roofs. mai" tah phiia hia-thang ; do not step 
 on and break the curved tiles. 
 
 thang 57 A cross-bow to shoot bullets ; 
 852 12 a bullet, a ball, a shot, 
 i oi sia tliang-ci ; he can shoot clay balls from 
 a cross-bow. \\6 sia thang-ci kai tbang-keng; 
 a bow that will shoot clay balls, phau thtingj 
 cannon-balls. 
 
 aig thfuig 130 heng-thang; the bosom; 
 OG 861 11 the breasts. i phah sie" 
 tieh i kai heng-thang ; he struck and injured 
 her in her breast. 
 
 » g *• 
 
 itj^ thang 75 A fine grained wood. 
 
 TS 854 13 thang-hie^cha; sandal- wood. 
 thang-hie°; incense sticks made from sandal- 
 wood, thang-wt ; the benefactors of a con- 
 vent ; donors of gifts to a monastery. 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 thang-tut ; brusque, for- 
 ward, presuming; lacking 
 
 a|E thang 
 I/O, 861 
 
 humility, 
 
 thang-thang tut-tut ; very blunt and rudo. 
 
 ^ f^^ thang 75 hai-thang ; the crab-apple, 
 
 ,^^|V 861 8 cultivated for its fruit and 
 
 flowers. 
 
 hue kuah cp hai-thang; let the flowers carved 
 
 be those of the crab-apple. 
 
 thSng 64 To touch with the hand} 
 577 8 to lay the hand on. 
 mai" thSng i ; don't touch it. ai° thoi" h(5 thdi" 
 mai" thSng ; look at it if you want to, but do 
 not touch it. va6 thing lio bo eng khii ; you 
 must not handle and spoil it. mai" thSng kha 
 thSng chiu ; do not handle the things, i hau" 
 kha tong, chiu khf, khu thSng nang ; he is fond 
 of stealing up and touching people in sport. 
 
578 
 
 DICTIOSJIET or THH 8WXT0W DIALICT. 
 
 — tbap — 
 
 lltt tliap 17 Indentation ; to jut in ; a 
 \-—4 623 4 depression. 
 ci kai l" 5ng kaa thap-thnp; tin's ink-stone is 
 worn down deeply. oi kai sua" thap jip lipU 
 chim khu ; this hill is gullied rather deeply, 
 ci kai cui khi lai, ci kai thap loh kliii; this 
 protrudes, and that juts in. phi' cui Ji p6 
 
 luak thap ; the protrusion of the nose makes 
 up for the hoUowness of the eyes. cf kai ti- 
 ling fo thap, 5i cu cui ; this spot is hollowed 
 out, and water may collect in it. 16 iIi pS', 
 kp cui, u k6 thap ; this road is uneven, some 
 places are elevated and some depressed, thap 
 to ning lau ; an entrance that juts in. 
 
 thap 87 A case ; a sheath ; to encase. 
 
 071 7 khieh kai thap, thap Idh khu; 
 take its case and cover it. i" thap ; a chair- 
 cover, kiam thap ; a scabbard. to thap ; a 
 sheath for a knife. bi° tliap ; a case for a fan. 
 kiam thap-khf ; sheathe the sword. hS-sia" 
 hap Ho thap-khf; close the umbrella and put 
 it in its case. cf kai kiara-thnp khah klma", 
 C si ai" lok chut lai ; this scabbard is too large 
 for it, and it sometimes slips out. 
 
 X^L thap 82 To cave in ; to sink in ; liol- 
 X^ 843 10 lowed out. 
 i kai chu ciig kai td-tp th&p-thap; liia house is 
 in a very dilapidated condition, with tumbling 
 walls and sunken roof. 16h ku h6 Ifo i kui 
 
 chu Id-thAp khu; after a long rain his house 
 fell in ruins, chii-teng thap 16h khii ; the roof 
 fell in. i kai chu lauh-lauh, mai" tab thSp ; 
 his house is very much decayed, do not cause 
 it to cave in by stepping on it. tab thap i 
 
 kui chii-teng ; cause the roof to sink in by 
 ti'cading on it. lau thap Iph khu ; the floor 
 has sunken in. thap kai khang; caved in, 
 leaving a hole. tbup phi"; the nose decayed 
 away, i thap phi"; she has a cavity where her 
 nose was. Ibi" thap ; the sky falling ; unfore- 
 seen calamity. i toa°-toa° kia"-ui thi" thap 
 tla"-tia°, Ifo pat BU mfen bwn-ld ; he feai-s 
 nothing but some unexpected reverse, and has 
 no occasion for solicitude about anything else. 
 kbut chiu tJi" thap khu ; was crushed in by a 
 tree falling on it. thap kai khang chim- 
 chim loh khu ; sunk in and thus formed a 
 deep cavity. teh khah tSng cu ai" thfip; 
 if you put too heavy a weight upon it, it will 
 give way underneath. kha-thang tdi thfip 
 loh khu; the bottom of the wash-tub has 
 settled so as to form a hollow. chng kai tl- 
 p6i° thfip khu J the floor of the granary has 
 sunken in. 
 
 — than — 
 ^/^ thau 85 To overpass bounds. 
 iH 869 10 hm ciii thau thi" toa ; tho 
 water rises sky high. 
 
 TlTf *^^"^° — ^" poIit« phrase, to feel 
 tyj 868 2 deeply grateful for. 
 thau mong i ai-sieh ; have a deep sense of his 
 kindness, heiig thau ka-hiie ; earnestly desir- 
 ous of seeing yon. 
 
 HI than 9 To pilfer ; to st«al ; to obtain 
 ly 875 9 unfairly ; stealthily ; under- 
 hand ; furtively. 
 
 m-hd than Oi" ; one should not take his ease 
 when he ought to work ; do not be an eye-ser- 
 vant, klint i thau 6i* khiin-kfi" ; let her steal 
 a moment's leisure. i thau ciu khu; ho stole 
 off. mueh-kli^" khut i tl a i-lTiu jkh c6i ; a 
 
 great number of articles have been purloined 
 by her. i t(5 thau tlioi"; she is sljly peeping 
 at it. thau thia" ue ; stealthily listen to what 
 is said. than-klifeh much; steal things, 
 
 thau Hah koi ; steals chickens. i kai than- 
 chah kliut i ft \g than poih khu ; her hcad-onia- 
 ment was slyly removed by some one. i hiiu* 
 thau ciah ; he pilfers food. hu k6 hfl khut 
 
 ngio thau ka" khu ; that piece of tish has been 
 carried off by the cat. i mc'-kiia kbu than 
 
 tiah sieh-llu ; he went by night and stole their 
 pomegranatep. thau liu hun-kuah ; steal sweet 
 potatoes from the hill, thau boi kong chang ; 
 unbeknown to any one, he sold a rice-field 
 which was owned in common. thau a cia; 
 
 steal sugar-cane, thau caa lo ; slink away and 
 run off. 
 
 "^tJ* thiiu 149 To punish the refractory; 
 ft 4 871 3 to put down rebellion, 
 him ceng, pak than ; the south is held in allegi- 
 ance, and the north subjugated, toa pia" khu 
 ceng thau ; lead troops to curb sedition. 
 
 than 162 To ventilate; to give free 
 ^^^^ 877 7 vent to ; to pass through, 
 khui kai theng hp thau khui; open a window 
 to let in the air. khiii than i7i li ; there is no 
 ventilation. i kai kh\ bo kp than cu kek 
 
 pbbng khu ; if the exhalations which arise from 
 it find no vent, they will cause an explosion, 
 tieh khui ke tlo kau, ciii cia" thau tit li ; must 
 make another drain then the water will have 
 free vent. 
 
 ^^ thku 162 Even, also, and. 
 1^^ 632 7 thau mg''-kua lai ; comes 
 even in the night. nfo"-chu thau jit-kua ka* 
 chut lai ; the rats venture out even in the day- 
 time, thau me" cp ; works even by night. 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 >79 
 
 iLau linang-hQ to klm h6i ; goes nnd buys them 
 even through the storm. th:ia cu thau iim c6; 
 does it early and lute. 
 
 than 162 To pass through, as light 
 877 7 does through glass; through- 
 out ; thoroughly. 
 B\-chu chuo kau thau, chiie bo; have searched 
 thoroughly everywhere and cannot find it. 
 pin koi° chuo kau ne thau-th.au ; have searched 
 the place through, to-li ta" lai tlu\u-thiet cM ; 
 ^ave a very thorough exposition of the doctrine. 
 1 kai cu-li thau-thau thiet-thiet; his knowledge 
 of letters is very thorough. i kha cln'u-hwn el 
 th«au-cui kai ; her bracelet is a transparent one. 
 i cek kha thhu-lek kai gek-hwn sim ngia ; her 
 translucent green jade bracelet is very hand- 
 some, ci ko gdk I'o thau-liang, hu ko gek b6 
 Wo" thau-liang; this piece of jade is translu- 
 cent, while that one is not very clear. cfa cu 
 liio ill thh,u ; I do not fully comprehend this. 
 cia pat m thau ; I do not well understand that. 
 
 thk'.i 37 What envelops another 
 871 7 thing; to enwrap ; to add or 
 superadd ; to include in the whole ; of general 
 observance ; to run one thing into another ; a 
 case; a wrapper; a noose; a classifier of a set of 
 books, of a suit of clothes, and of plays, 
 kho-thau ; leggins. gua-thau ; an overcoat, 
 i ka,i chiu lap chi'u-thau ; he wears mittens, 
 loh i kai khwn-thau ; fell into their trap, cek 
 thau i-hok ; a suit of clothes. mai" kheh 
 
 thau ; do not put yourself out on my account. 
 Bok thau h'o ; it is nothing that you need put 
 yourself out for ; it is a familiar thing. ci'a 
 
 cheh si thau poi" kai ; these books are between 
 two boards which form a case for them. ci 
 
 cek thau ke-hiie si kio i seng kai a si kio i sue 
 kai? Did you bay this kit of tools from him, 
 or hire them from him ? khieh kai ciia-thau 
 lai pau ; take a paper wrapper and wrap them 
 in it. cfa si thong-thau kai ue ; this is Ian- 
 guage that is in general use ; this expression 
 is one commonlv employed in different cases, 
 thoi" i CO ku-a thau pa-hi ; saw him perform 
 several tricks in jugglery. Q no thau pa-hi 
 
 siang chu-bi ; there are two very droll sleight- 
 of-hand tricks, 
 very curious. 
 
 162 
 7 
 
 cia cu khi-thau lio ; this is 
 
 "»j|S thau 
 ADi 932 
 
 To make known to others ; 
 
 to communicate, 
 thau i cai ; notify him. thau cek khun nang 
 lai thoi"; informed a great number of people 
 so that they might come to see. lia thau lii ; 
 I let yon know about it. thau i can; gave him 
 information about it, so that ho could escape. 
 
 than 181 The head; fho front; the 
 87G 7 top; the chief; the first; 
 the best; the end, as of a beam ; the beginning; 
 the commencement of a thing; a classifitir of 
 affairs or acts, and occasionally of cattle and 
 horses; it is added to many names of things 
 because they are roundish like a head, or to 
 make a distinctive noun. 
 
 thau-khak ; the head, the scull. thau-khak 
 thia"; headache, ti to thri'i-khak teng ; carried 
 or worn on the head. thi thau ; to shave the 
 head. soi thau ; wash the scalp. siutliRu; 
 comb the hair. thaa-sak ; lice in the head, 
 
 thau-khiu; dandruff. thjlu-mo"; the hair of 
 the head. thau hin ; vertigo. i t\ kai than 
 huang p5"; he has a constant headache, pak- 
 than-p6 ; a head-cloth ; a turban. pau thau ; 
 bind the head with a fillet. kam than ; to 
 
 cover the head with a cloth. thau kam mi"- 
 mi"; closely veiled. hue thstu ; ut tn:,'- than; 
 to turn the head. hue-tng than lai tlioi"; 
 
 turned her head and looked backward. kio i 
 chut thau; took her part ; undertook to act in 
 his behalf. tl-liang kheng chut than ? Who 
 will take the load in the matter ? c-ujien u 
 
 chut thilu kai jit-ci ; there is of course a time 
 when you will begin to rise in the world, mill 
 su tieh u kai thflu-nau ; there must be a head 
 in everything. ai" kia° tui cie" thslu a kia" 
 
 tui hie" tha.u ? Will you follow this course or 
 that ? cia si cie" thau u meng kai ; this is 
 
 what the last leader commanded. thau-ke ; 
 
 the head of the family, the master. thaa-ke- 
 nie ; the mistress of the house, bo thftn kong 
 ua"; no cause for action ; it is a doubtful case, 
 i CO BU u thau Q biie ; he does things in a 
 systematic manner. cp su bd thau bo biie ; 
 
 acts without method, thau cek kai cu si ; the 
 first one is the one. th(lu cek jit ; the first day 
 of a period, chg-thau-e; in the beginning; in 
 the first place ; at first. khi-tlulu si ; in the 
 
 beginning ; at first. thau-teng hd kai ; the 
 
 very best. i bo sie" thau ; there is no other 
 
 way for him to do ; he sees no way out of it. 
 sai khu i cau thau b6 lo, jip ti b6 mii^; drive 
 him to extremity ; leave no opening for him to 
 escape in any direction. thau min coi" cu u ; 
 there is one aliead of us. be-thau ; a pier, a 
 landing, khii be-thau tali cun ; go to the pier 
 and go on board a vessel, cun thAu ; the bow 
 or prow of a vessel. sam thau ; the large end 
 of a stick of timber. i"'-thau ; a stool, ca-ca 
 tab i kai thau to; go on board the first ferry- 
 boat that crosses in the early morning. tak 
 than ; nod the head, io thau ; shake the head, 
 jit-than, gueh-uie ; the sun and moon. sii ce, 
 m cai thau ; excuse me, I did it inadvertently. 
 
680 
 
 DICTIONART OF THB SVTATOW DULECT. 
 
 chiu-cng-thAo ; klia-cng-tliaa ; the fingers and 
 toes, chi'a-cng-thau chun chut lai ia u tn^ t<5 ; 
 wlien the fingers are Btretclied forth they are 
 not all of the same length. wn-sui thah pua* 
 th^a ; crown the dish with coriander-seed. 
 
 — the — 
 
 Dȣ^ thS 180 Fat; like marrow; soft. 
 Ij^tJ 112 12 p{ii kau the- the; stoat and 
 fat. c6k sin nek the-the ; fat in flesh. k&i 
 to the-the ; pursy. 
 
 Jt>^ the 142 The sea-blubber or jelly-fish. 
 %~Xj 6 6 b6i ko the Itii iani ; buy a 
 plico of jolly-fish and dress it with sugar and 
 vinegar, the-phue ; the flesh of the jelly-fiah. 
 
 — the" — 
 
 the" 64 To pole a boat. 
 30 12 the cun ; to pole a boat, ft- 
 si u huang c6a cu min the" ; should there be 
 wind we need not pole the boat. i t<5 the* to- 
 cun ; he is poling a ferry-boat. the" m kla"; 
 it does not budge when I push upon the pole. 
 the" lai ; polo it nearer. 
 
 the" C4 To prop up with a stick ; to 
 30 12 shore up ; to fasten open, as 
 with a stretcher. 
 
 thong the" kui" ce ; prop up the shutter a little 
 higher. ci'a tieh kie kai a-6i lai the"; must 
 
 call a dwarf to pi*op it on. sa" h(5 the" pang 
 ha khdu khut i phfik jit ; hang the jacket out 
 on a propped polo and let it sun. kh!a ki 
 
 sam Ifti the" cia boi to ; bring a stick of timber 
 and prop it up, then it will not fall. the" m 
 phu; it will not stay up when braced, the" i 
 khni ; hold it open by a stretcher. bo much 
 ho the"; have nothing to shore it up with. 
 
 4^ the" 75 A prop. 
 /f:|p 30 12 ki the" khah soi ; the prop 
 is too slight. khieh ki thai lili cp the"; take 
 the mallet as a prop. theng-the"; the prop 
 
 which holds a window-shutter open. 
 
 the" 64 To pash upward with the 
 I PI 848 6 hands, 
 the" kui-kui"; lift it high by pushing upward, 
 the" tit khi a the" m khi? Can you raise it ? 
 klo sie-hfi the" phu ; help lift the sedan over a 
 high obstruction. 
 
 — theh — 
 
 theh 156 Naked ; stripped; denuded, 
 i' 72 thong sin thng kau theh- 
 theh, <(5 s6i-ek; completely undressed, bath- 
 ing, khut chak pak kau theh-theh khy; strip- 
 ped naked by robbers. to boi juah, cp-u! pak 
 kau lio-lio-theh ? As it is not hot why are you 
 stripped stark naked ? 
 
 ^ 
 
 C^ theh 40 A dwelling, a residence ; a 
 
 "XS 959 8 site. 
 
 chu-theh ; dwelling honses. ch&ng thSb } 
 
 fields and dwellings. t6h ti kai jit ai" jip 
 
 theh ? What day has been selected as a lucky 
 one for moving into the house ? ke-theh 
 pheng-ang; the household are all well, tin 
 th§h ; protect the house, as a deity does. i 
 chia" tie" hd t6 tin thSh; she asked for a charm 
 to protect the boase from evil influences. 
 
 — thek — 
 
 tbek 170 To moant, to ascend, to 
 70 7 advance, 
 thek cle" sna'-teng ; to ascend a mountain. i 
 thek kaa hii saa'-teng teng ; he went np to 
 the topmost peak of the mountain. thek bua 
 kau piia" sua" cu bdi kin"; before I had gone 
 half way to the top of the hill I was unable to 
 proceed. thek peh gQa keh tah-p6-cang ; 
 
 mounted over a hundred steps on the stairway, 
 thek tui thui k6, thek cle" chu-teng; go up on 
 the roof by a ladder. khaa kau ci cek kua 
 
 hwn sim-mili thnt thek a bp ? After passing 
 this examination will he get promotion or not r 
 
 thek 66 What is done by special 
 
 72 7 command of the Emperor, 
 thek cu ; credentials ; letters patent. c§k n&ng 
 px in, c6k nung pi thek-cu ; ono person bears 
 the seals, and one the credentials, khi c6k kai 
 thek-cu lau ; build a charter house, tin-tang 
 sai cek kp thek-hong-pfti ; in the centre set a 
 tablet allowed by special permission of the em- 
 peror, kai thek; royal prohibitions or precepts, 
 thek kia" kak ciu-hu; promulgated by the Em- 
 peror's order, throughout all the Departments, 
 thek meug; by Imperial com-mand. 
 
 thek 75 A rung, brace or cross- 
 
 859 13 piece, 
 i kai f-thek lut khu; the rung has fallen out 
 of the chair. khia to kan-i° thek ; stand on 
 the rung of the chair. chng-thek tan m km ; 
 the cross-pieces near the lower end of the legs 
 of the table are not mortised in tightly, min- 
 chng thek ; braces between the legs of a bed- 
 stead. 
 
 _>^1 thek 102 thek-se"; domestic animals. 
 
 P^ 98 5" thek-se" ki'a", m hd cM ; a 
 
 horrid little brute. au thek-se" ! You nasty 
 brute ! 
 
 thek 184 To enjoin on or instruct, as 
 
 73 4 a superior does a subordin- 
 ate ; to command. 
 
 chia* kua" thek che khu kham ; ask the magis- 
 trate to dispatch a constable to examine into. 
 
DICTIOXARY OP THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 581 
 
 the matter. bii-tila i"-keng thek ti-kui" kliii 
 phoi"; the prefect has already directed the dis- 
 trict magistrate to take up the case and adjudi- 
 cate it. kua"-hu ngiam thek ti-pd soi-sim khu 
 ch3-chip ; the officer strictly charged the alder- 
 man to carefully inquire into it. 
 
 f|^ thek 187 To cause to progress ; to 
 >T^ 68 iO promote, 
 im-thek ; a good deed, springing from real 
 love ; unostentatious benevolence ; a beneficent 
 action .secretly performed. i sit-cjli hd im- 
 
 tliek; he is really philanthropic. mak e ia-si 
 pliu u im-thek hilu cu ho toi tlo cia cai-eh ; if 
 a sign of real goodness appears it will debar 
 the approaching evil from coming nearer, im- 
 thek bun ; exhortations to benevolence. 
 
 ^^ thek 115 Hairless ; bald. 
 
 ^lu 928 2 thek lu ; a hairless mule, a 
 
 term of contempt for a Buddhist priest. 
 
 4^r /ffil thek-thang A law to one's self ; 
 1^^ I/RJ 903 worthy of promotion, 
 
 pi pat nang leng-gua thek-thang ; has a more 
 distinguished appearance than other people. 
 
 — theng — 
 -Q^ theng 116 An aperture to give light 
 J\*j\ 115 6 in a room; a window ; a 
 sash ; a shutter ; a school or student, 
 pang lai kai theng tieh khui toa ce cia" kng ; 
 the windows of the bedroom must bo made 
 rather large then it will be light. theng-ci; 
 
 the veitical"bars across a window. theng 
 
 khuang ; window-casing. i" theng ; a round 
 aperture for the admission of light. theng 
 
 rang; window-blind or shutter. theng bsu ; 
 
 the top of a window. theng cheng ; a bar to 
 fasten a window. cua" theng; to bar a win- 
 
 dow. PP-li theng; a glass window. o-kia 
 theng; a window made from translucent shells. 
 ho"-thriu theng ; an elevated skylight in a 
 roof. thi° theng ; a skyliglit. khui theng; 
 open the window. kue" thong; shut the win- 
 dow, theng the"; the prop by which a window 
 shutter is upheld. khui rang the" theng 
 
 \6 cp; doing it with all the doors and win- 
 dows wide open ; does it without fear of being 
 seen, pho theng; shop windows, pho theng 
 pang mai° cheng ta° ; do not set up the shop 
 window-shutters in a wrong order. huang- 
 
 16 theng; the ventilator in the bottom of an 
 earthen stove. huang-lo-theng pia° ; waffles, 
 ci kfii kau-ham lai cp kai tliih theng; let us 
 have a perforated iron mouth-piece at the end 
 of this covered drain. tfvng theng pheng-iu ; 
 fx'iends who have studied at the same window; 
 
 fellow-students ; chums. tieh ii cfip ni hilng 
 theng kai kang-hu cia" u cie'-se" ; one must 
 have given tea years to hard study in order to 
 be able to do this. khd kien i to thong e si 
 u eng kang ; can perceive that he was diligent 
 at his studies. 
 
 ^^^ theng CI To correct, as officials do 
 >UU^ 79 15 miscreants, 
 ia si ka" ku-i huara cue kai cQ tieh ch6ng 
 tSng theng-phoi", cia" hd theng-kai 5u nang ; 
 if there be those who intentionally transgress, 
 they must be punished with severity, that 
 those who come after may be deterred from 
 like crimes. 
 
 theng 64 To pull out, to stretch, to 
 908 7 strain ; to rush or stand 
 forth. 
 
 theng sin ; to stretch one's self up straight, 
 cii si i theng sin chut lai co cii ; it was he who 
 stood forth and took the management of affairs, 
 ta" kaa theng heng poih ke"; spoke with a big 
 voice and fierce aspect. kha theng tit-tit ; 
 
 stretch your legs straight. mai" theng phiia 
 phue ; do not strain the coverlet so severely 
 as to tear it. ce theng cu oi chun, ce pung cu 
 6i kiu ; when you pull it, it stretches and 
 when you slacken the sti'aiu it shrinks; it 
 is very elastic. theng khuah ce ; pull upon it 
 to make it wider. theng khui-khui ; stretch 
 it to make it cover as much surface as possible, 
 theng i tiig ; stretch it lengthwise. theng 
 
 tit-tit; straighten it by pulling at the ends. 
 
 /^^ theng 37 To stretch open ; to open 
 ^^^ 3 6' out. 
 
 i kai sit theng m khui ; it cannot spread its 
 wings. no phi" sit theng kau khui-khui ; 
 
 both wings spread to their utmost stretch, no 
 phi" mng long-cong theng khui ; open both 
 doors. theng ho-siia", spread an umbrella, 
 
 theng pb-phang; stretch an awning. 
 
 theng 137 A punt ; a canoe ; a dug- 
 908 7 out ; long small boats, 
 i Ki tall theng-cun khu a tab huo-cfin khu ? 
 Did he go by a native boat or by steamer ? 
 hua-theiig; native craft. theng-kia"; a 
 
 punt. hue-theng; a flower-boat, used for 
 
 parties. khui-po-tlieng ; a lighter. leng- 
 theng ; a dragon-boat ; a long canoe. 
 
 \-^ the'ng 162 To act with effrontery ; 
 y^^^ 80 7 presuming ; forward ; rely- 
 
 ing on one's pretensions or power, 
 theng kong leng ; confident of one's own abili- 
 ties ; overweening, i to si to theng kong leng; 
 he is always putting himself forward, mih su 
 
682 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 theng kongsueli iSng ; thrusts himself forward 
 in a pretentious way on all occasions, i to si 
 theng ui-si Vliu khi-iap n^ng ; he relies on his 
 pretensions and power to browbeat people, i 
 cie"-se° si 1(5 theng ke-si ; in so doing he is 
 putting on airs in order to intimidate. 
 
 M^ theng 128 To accord, to wait for, to 
 ^i^ 906 16 tarry, and often answers 
 
 to according to, as, let. 
 
 theng khi cQ-jien, mai° mfen-kfang i ; let it 
 take its natural course; wait till it comes about 
 of itself ; do not force it at all. th^ng thi" lu 
 mia"; just as heaven decrees, th^ng i c6 ; wait 
 for him to act. th6ng i lai ; let it be until he 
 comes, theng-cftu-hiie ; as it happened ; ac- 
 cording as circumstances direct; incidentally. 
 lilu pang k6 th6ng-cSu-hue ki" eng ; leave it 
 until it happens to be required. tli6ng ch&i- 
 khi ; according to his ability. 
 
 ^&| theng 5 Without regard. to propriety 
 ^L 670 12 or method, 
 mai" theng ta"; do not talk at random. mhi" 
 theng thia" nfmg kai ue ; do not indiscriminate- 
 ly listen to people. i khji theng co, nftng hi' 
 chio i ; if he goes and sits out of place, people 
 will laugh at him. i to si thfeng-theng tk', 
 
 theng-thfeng co, m hi'o huap-lut, m hio chfing- 
 li ; he is always talking at random, and acting 
 without regard to rule, as if he did not under- 
 stand the regulations, nor have any idea of cor- 
 rect principles of action. i kai cd-su th6ng- 
 kang, mai" khii chap i ; his ways are lawless, 
 do not associate with him. 
 
 theng 9 To rest, to stop ; to hold up, 
 907 9 as when there is enough ; 
 well arranged ; suitable. 
 
 theng kang ; thfing chiu ; to stop work, ciam 
 theng kang kui jit; stop work for a few days, 
 theng chi'u khun-ki'a" ; stay your hand a mo- 
 ment, thfiu sia than theng pit to sie"; alter- 
 nately wrote and ceased writing that he might 
 think. 8U-li kau theug-theng tang-tang; 
 
 arranged with the most perfect regularity, i"- 
 keng siu-sip theng-tang lio ; is already set in 
 complete order. csip theng lo i"-keng kia° u 
 chit theng khu ; of the ten stopping places on 
 the route we have already passed seven. cie" 
 l6 bo theng kha, If-li kia"; went the whole way 
 without stopping. theng-cu be ; stop the 
 
 horse ; rein up the horse and make him stop. 
 th§ng cam ; cease from sewing. theng cam 
 
 to phah-sng ; stopped sewing and considered 
 whether she was doing it rightly. theng kie ; 
 stop the progress of a sedan-chair. sa" theng 
 to phue-kah tit kue ; the upper, middle, and 
 
 lower portions of his profile are suited to each 
 other ; his features are well proportioned, kut 
 nek th6ng-un ; his bones and his flesh are well 
 proportioned, neither being too gceat for the 
 other. thia" khu ci hue I'o thSng tiam ce, bd 
 hie" thia"; the pain is just now ceasing, and it 
 does not ache badly. 
 
 rrjl r~*l theng-lek A plant like cress, said 
 /TK *^ 537 to intoxicate or kill 
 
 tish ; the reddish, mucilaginous seeds ai*e used 
 to relieve asthma and hoarseness. 
 
 th6ng 85 Clear; limpid ; still; pure. 
 
 78 12 cfa ciii 6i thSng-cheng a 
 boi ? Is this water clear ? ^g-ho siang iS 
 thfing-cheng jit, n&ng se° khjl b6 tit Qn si ; the 
 Yellow River has days when it is limpid, and 
 how can a lifetime be without seasons of luck, 
 si kio thdng-hai kui" kiam-kai kai tl-hng; it is 
 a region contiguous to the Teng Ilai district. 
 
 j/-r. thf^ng 68 The family rooms ; rooms 
 /M^ 907 7 used by children for study 
 or work ; domestic. 
 
 thien-thfing pa miia"; a high spacious forehead, 
 a terra in physiognomy, kio i kai ue tfti siang 
 ke" theng; very different from his description 
 of it. ke-thgng hua-mdk; harmonious domestic 
 relations. 
 
 '" theng 115 A task ; a journey ; a road. 
 
 79 7 cfa khi loh khu si toa kang 
 theng k&i ; this taken altogether is a big job. 
 ta" la kieu kua chien-th6ng; now looks forward 
 to preferment. khu kau hu ko kai lo-theng 
 eit-cSi hn^ ; the journey there is indeed long. 
 
 theng 187 To mount, to ascend, to 
 M>v 804 10 leap, 
 i oi theng hun ke bix ; he can leap npon a cloud 
 and ride the mist. thdi°-ki° ciah cio thgng 
 
 khong pue khu ; saw a bird soar into the fir- 
 mament. 
 
 tiling 85 "Water running back and 
 907 9 making a pool, 
 cia ciii si thSng-lau a si kia" lau ? Is the tide 
 here formed by backwater, or by direct influx ? 
 ciii kiiu ci ko cu theng lau ; the current sets 
 backward from this point. 
 
 theng 54 The place where audiences 
 907 T are held, the court of the 
 palace ; courtly. 
 
 chio-theng; the government; the court; the 
 Emperor. cia si chio-th§ng kai su ; this is 
 
 government business. cau-cai chlo-thSng ; 
 
 inform the government or the Emperor. 
 
DICTIONAHY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 583 
 
 fj)^ tiling 109 To stare vacantly ; the eye 
 IJJ2. 29 12 fixed, 
 mfik theng-thSng ; his eyes are fixed. m&k H 
 theng, khi li chwn ; the eyes fixed and the 
 breath drawn with diflBculty. 
 
 >^!^ theng 118 To wait for ; to let. 
 nrj* 8(>3 6 theng lia lai ; wait till I 
 come, via theng lu kii h'o ; I have been waiting 
 a long time for you. cek theng, no theng, hwn 
 bue lai ; waited ever so long and he has not 
 yet come. theng ua kue lio ; wait and let me 
 pass. i td theng curi ; she is waiting for a 
 
 boat to come along. theng i oi"; wait till he 
 is at leisure. khla to theng ; stands waiting 
 
 — thi — 
 
 f\^ thi 202 Viscid ; sticky ; bird-lime. 
 j-l G34 5 khoh kau ne thi-thi ; simmer 
 it till it is very gummy. thi cio ; catch birds 
 with bird-lime. i kai thi tich ne thi-thi cia" 
 thi tit tieh; the bird-lime must be very adhesive 
 then it will catch tliem. thi c3.i ; very glutin- 
 ous, khut i thi kin to ko ; is stuck fast in it. 
 
 y4^ thi 37 To stretch open. 
 ^t"* 3 6 raiig thi khui ; set the door 
 wide open. khau kau chui thi-thi; crying 
 
 with mouth wide stretched. chie kau chiii 
 
 thi-thi ; laughing with open mouth. hue-sie° 
 chia thi-thi, iTi si ai" ci" cu si ai° bi ; when a 
 priest grins, he wants either money or rice, 
 thi kau khuah-khuah ; stretch it wide open, 
 ka-lp ngan khah siap, thi i7i khui ; the shears 
 are so tight at the pivot that I cannot open 
 them. p6 16 chui lu thi khui ce, lia cia" ho 
 khieh loh kliu ; open the mouth of the bag 
 more widely, so that I can put in the things, 
 ho-siia" thi khui khut i la ta; open the umbrella 
 and let it dry. thi kha ; set the legs far apart, 
 hoi, nang ai° khii liah i, i kai kha thi kau 
 khuah-khuah ; when a crab is going to be 
 caught, he opens his claws wide. 
 
 , ,^ ^ thi 188 The body ; the substance ; 
 
 nSfc 884 13 the essentials ; respectable ; 
 influential ; to realize. 
 
 si-thi; the body, the human frame. i kai si- 
 thi mong tieh cng kai ngan-ngan ; his whole 
 body feels cold to the touch, thi-min ; reputa- 
 tion; the respect in which one is held by others; 
 honor and dignity, i kie-si i sit tieh i kai thi- 
 min ; he complained of her having diminished 
 his importance in the eyes of others, hin-khek 
 i thi-min cS,i ; he is now held in high esteem, 
 coi" si to CO nang kai kang, hin-c5i thi-thi min- 
 min kai nS,ng ; formerly he was one who hired 
 
 iifc 
 
 out to do other people's work, now he is an 
 honored personage. thi-thiap ; to accommo- 
 date ; to consider the interest of another, lia 
 thi-thiap lu, lu ia tieh thi-thiap ua : ji-ke tieh 
 sie thi-thiap cia" h<5 ; I consider your wishes, 
 and you must consider mine also : all will be 
 well if both are accommodating, to si cek thi; 
 it is all one thing, to tieh li kai thi-th6ng; in 
 all things there must be regard to decorum, 
 ciig kai b6 thi-thong ; without regard to what 
 is befitting. 
 
 till 18 To peel ; to strip off. 
 
 708 8 thi tio phiie ; strip off the bark, 
 thi miia°-phiie ; to peel off the bark used for 
 ropes, thi hu phue ; to flay fish, khut chak 
 thi kau c6k sin cheng-khih cheng-khih ; strip- 
 ped by a highwayman. 
 
 thi 64 To tear apart, as in anger. 
 
 40 T khi kau thi tio i kai sa" ; so 
 angry that he rent his clothes. tng min thi 
 tio ; tore it up in his face, thi kku chiii-chui ; 
 tore it in pieces, khieh khi lai thi co ku-a ko ; 
 took it up and tore it in several pieces, thi co 
 no p6i° ; tear it in two. 
 
 thi 85 To obstruct, to stop ; indiges- 
 60 11 tible ; disagreeing with one ; 
 a hindrance. 
 
 i kai nang thi cSi ; he is very uncomfortable. 
 CO su m ho khah thi ; in doing things do not 
 make youi'self too uncomfortable. i pheng-su 
 si thi kau se" si ; it was formerly impeded in 
 its growth so that it became stringy. i to ISi 
 si u cek-thi; he has undigested food in his 
 stomach ; has indigestion. cp-thi ; hindered, 
 impeded, stopped, i c§k lo li bp c(5 bp thi ; he 
 had no hindrance during the whole journey, 
 i li khu kau pua" 16 ngp ho cu c(5-thi ku-a jit; 
 when he had gone half way there he encounter- 
 ed a storm and was prevented from going on 
 for .several days, i cu soi boi thi, li-li toa ; he 
 has from his earliest childhood met with no- 
 thing that prevented his growth, and has 
 grown steadily. i kai nang khah thi; he is 
 too mulish, thi cSi ; harassed, hindered, i si 
 Ihi-khi kai pe" ; he has a derangement of the 
 system caused by stoppage of the fluids. un 
 khi c(5-thi ku-a ni ; luck has been against him 
 fpr several years, thoi" i kai meh lai kau li si 
 thi-siap ; her pulse is irregular as if the circu- 
 lation were impeded, thi-ni ; bigoted ; set in 
 one's way ; opinionated. 
 
 ilS thi 64 To pick 
 TifJfrL 112 10 hands, 
 thi CO no pSi"; pull it apart. 
 
 in pieces with the 
 cek hah c6k hah 
 
58Ji 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 thicliufclal; pick it apart section by section, 
 till lipli coi t6iig chut hli ; have taken off ever 
 so many layers. ai" thi, thi ra cliut ; would 
 
 pick it off but am unable. thi cek si c^k si ; 
 pick it into shreds. thi cSk phien c6k phien ; 
 separate it into flakes. 
 
 ^!^ ^^^^ -— ^^ ^^^^ away official insignia' 
 1^^ 05 10 i kai kua" si f-keng thi-keh 
 kai ; his office i.s already taken from him. 
 kua° oi thi li a boi ? Is ho deprived of all offi- 
 cial rank ? thi-keh chun kai cin-sfl tia"; has 
 been deprived of his office and degraded in 
 rank so that ho retains only his literary dogrco 
 of Docter of Laws. 
 
 thi 18 To sbave. 
 
 884 7 till thilu ; to shave the head, 
 thi chiu ; shave off the beard. kio i th\ lio 
 
 niak-bfii ; shave off her eyebrows for her. thi 
 tio pi"; sliave off the queue. 
 
 till 170 To prepare against ; to oppose 
 877 9 a barrier, thi-huang; guard 
 
 against, m cai thi-huang cu khiongiii gO su; 
 
 if you do not tako care you will very likely 
 
 quash the project. 
 
 HL thi 04 To bring into notice; to sng- 
 882 9 gest ; to bring before a mag- 
 istrate ; to attend to. 
 
 thi-klp ; to speak of, or refer to. i cc thi-kip 
 ci kai nang lia cu khi ; if he mentions thi.s 
 person I shall be vexed. thi-khi; to suggest, 
 mai" khu tlii-khf i; do not say anything to 
 bring it to mind. thi-phwt ; to put forward, 
 to nominate. si ua thi-phwt i ; it was I who 
 nominated him. thi-huang; awaken alarm ; 
 bring to notice a need of vigilance. tieh cai 
 thi-huang; must bo on the watch against it. 
 thi-tug; a courier of the government. thl- 
 
 ehe"; to rouse to a sense of danger, lu lid cang 
 ci'a ue thi-che" i ; make u.se of these words to 
 put him on his guard. thi-heng ; intiict t»he 
 
 punishment decreed by the provincial judge. 
 niua"-c5i ai° thi-heng; the sentence will be 
 carried into execution to-morrow. thi-16 a- 
 
 piin ; a keeper in the Board of Punishment, 
 ci ui si lek lo thi-tok, liii ui si cui-su thi-tok ; 
 this is a captain-general, a military officer of 
 the highest grade, and that is a naval officer of 
 the same grade. thi-thio ; a proctor or man- 
 ager of colleges ; the overseer of candidates at 
 examinations. kau to thi-thio-kua" ko ; 
 
 handed over to the proctor. png hu ai" tlii 
 iia" khi lai sim ; the prefect is going to take 
 the case into his own hands and try it. kuu- 
 Jfii si i to thi-hi i; lately he has been the one 
 
 who helped him on. mai° thi-phu ci kia° su; 
 do not introduce this topic. m ho thi-phu i 
 kai mia°; do not mention her name. 
 
 m 
 
 ant. 
 went 
 ants. 
 
 ^ _ thi 140 Moss, and small plants like 
 pit 848 6 liverwort, growing on rocks. 
 cho"-thi ; mosses. chie"-kha chie" che'-thi 
 
 Ip-lp tn^; at the foot of the wall the moss i.s 
 very thick. ceng-ceng che°-thi ; all covered 
 with moss. 
 
 thi 04 To direct with a firm hand. 
 
 04 G ci kia' su si i t<5 pa-thi ; ho 
 has direction of this affair. i cp su I'o u pa- 
 thi; he acts with greater firmness in the man- 
 agement of affairs. si i hii-thi i ; it is she 
 who abets him. sit-cfti l&iig-i" ci"-thi ; it is 
 really very hard to withstand. 
 
 th! 80 To howl and bewail ; to scream 
 883 9 and cry ; to crow ; to coo. 
 thi-khau ; to weep and moan. thi-thi khau- 
 khiiu ; to sob and cry. koi thi li'o ; the cock 
 crowed, i koi-thi-ca cu lai ; ho came at cock- 
 crow, i si td thi; she is cackling. 
 
 th! 172 A phea-sant. 
 
 CO 5 thi-koi; the common pheas- 
 khii phah oio, phah tieh no ciali thi-koi ; 
 out to shoot birds, and shot two phcas- 
 
 thi-koi biJo; tail-feathers of Iho Argus 
 phea.sant. 
 
 tilt 104 The piles; ulcers in the 
 , ^ 60 (5 rectum, 
 lai thi, gfia thi; internal and external piles. 
 se° thi ; to have piles. i kai thi se" kii, i"- 
 
 keng sSng cp thi-lfiu ; he has had piles a long 
 time, and they have already ulcei-ated. chwn 
 tn^ thi; chwn chiang thi; a fistula in nno. 
 
 — thi- — 
 
 87 The highest of things, heaven 
 897 1 both divinely and i»ii3'sic-ally ; 
 the sky, the air, ihe lirmament ; a day ; a sea- 
 son ; weather; ages of the world; celestial; 
 the Power above ; Nature, Providence, and 
 though without definite pex'sonality is employed 
 more than any other term to indicate God; the 
 emperor, who is Heaven's vicegerent, 
 raiia' thi° cng kai che" ; the whole heavens are 
 an unclouded azure. thi"-khi thio-hua ; the 
 air is salubrious, ho thi" ; fine weather. tlii°- 
 si lip, u no sa" tlii° cu hd kau ; if the weather 
 is favorable, we may arrived there in two or 
 three days. thi° ti nang kie-cp sam chai ; heav- 
 en earth and man are called the three great 
 powers, hek thi" ; dark days, thi" sp kham, 
 
 irl thi" 
 
 yV 897 
 
DICTIONARY OF THl SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 685 
 
 lif-d cki; whatever heaven covers, or earth sus- 
 tains, thi" sJn ; among the Buddhists used 
 tor gods, or inhabitants of the Brahma-lokas. 
 c\ thi°, 01 ti; offer sacrifice to tlie heavens and 
 the earth. thong-thi"-e u jieh coi kok ? How 
 many kingdoms are there under the whole heav- 
 ens ? pai thi° ti pe-bp ; worship of the Heav- 
 ens and the Earth, as the origin of all things, 
 thi" e bwn kok; all nations under heaven, or 
 the whole empire of China. i si khi-th&u-e 
 tit thi"-e kiii huang-t\ ; he was the first who 
 became emperor of China. thi" u mak ; 
 Heaven has means of seeing ; the gods know it. 
 cu ti-tiang-si cia" ii ci kai thi^-tng ti-gek kai 
 sueh ? Since what period has this doctrine of 
 heaven and hell been propounded ? thi°-kong 
 nib mak ; the thunder-god winks ; it lightens, 
 pue thi" hua ; unexpected casualty. pin thi" 
 o-am ; the whole sky is dark. seng cie° thi" 
 teng ; ascend into heaven. he-thi" li khah 
 juah, tang-thi" li khah chin ; summer is too hot 
 and winter is too cold. chun-thi", chiu-thi° ; 
 spring and autumn. tng thi" tau-cok; pray 
 under the open sky. thi" teng ; lanterns hung 
 aloft above roofs. 
 
 thi" 188 Respectable ; influential ; 
 
 884 13 decorous ; becoming ; be- 
 fitting. 
 
 toa thi" toa min kai nang; a very estimable 
 person. cie°-se" lo u thi"-min ; that is more 
 respectable. i hu khf nang bo thi" bo min ; 
 such people are of no repute. r7i ku thi^-min ; 
 does not consider what others think of him. 
 
 Vt^ thi" 85 To add, to increase, to put in 
 "iijH 898 8 more, to throw iu ; extra, 
 additional. 
 
 thi" ke ce ; put in a little more. thi" kj\u ti"; 
 add enough to fill it full. thi" ke chph htie- 
 thua"; put on some more charcoal. mai" thi" 
 khah oak ; do not put in so much more as to 
 make it too thick. ieh a-si ciah rii tui cu ai" 
 jii-keng thi" pe"; if one takes medicine that is 
 un-suitable he becomes the more ill. thi" ke no 
 ku ue cu m hp thia"; if you add anything to 
 what you have already said it will not sound 
 well, thi" pi a"; additional troops. 
 
 thi" 120 To sew. 
 
 158 11 thi" sa"; to sew upon cloth- 
 ing, thi" sa" pho ; a tailor's shop. i kai sa"- 
 kho thi" khu ngi'a ; her clothes are well made, 
 thi" lai khah Ip-clid ; too badly sewn, thi" bak 
 ce, mai" thi" khah lang ; sew it closer, do not 
 take too long stitches. sua" ciie leng-ua" thi" 
 hp ; sew this seam over again, i kai clmi tieh 
 thi" mi"; sew up the mouth of it. lie to ce, 
 
 thi" khf Ui cia" kah ; trim it off a little shorter, 
 then when it is sewn it will be just the right 
 length. eng sim-raih sua" lai thi" cia" hp ? 
 
 What sort of thread should it bo sewed with ? 
 thi" kau-cam ; to backstitch, thi" li'o lfl,i nng ; 
 sew it and then fell it down, chd-llak thi" tuo 
 cu hd ; to just catch it together will do. thi" 
 tieh siap ; hard to sew. cfa p6 fo koi thi"; this 
 cloth is easier to sew. mai" thi" tii"; do not 
 sew it wrongly, chng cam h'o, siia" tham khak 
 cia" hp thi" ; when the needle is threaded, tie a 
 knot in the thread and then sew. 
 
 — thia" — 
 thia" 53 A hall ; a parlor ; a saloon ; 
 >lu» 906 22 a court ; a place where cases 
 are heard ; the ofiicer in his court, 
 kheh thia"; a reception room. toa thia"; a 
 
 drawing-room. toa thia" tng; the great hall. 
 cia° thia"; the middle or main room of a house, 
 lam-pak thia"; the reception rooms of the south 
 and north wings. thia"-kfa" ; a small parlor, 
 coi" thia", Su thia"; the court in front, and the 
 one behind. Igng-cun thia"; a long narrow 
 
 hall, hue thia"; a conservatory. kua"-thia"; 
 a police station. sin-thia"; the room for the 
 oracle, or a shrine in a house. c6 thia"; the 
 room in which ancestors are worshipped, kong 
 thia"; a hall owned and used in common by 
 those living in adjoining rooms. toa khah 
 
 thia"; the main room in a Chinese house, 
 khah thia" ai" pho cp ang-cng ; the main room 
 is to be paved with red tiles, pu-thia"; super- 
 intendent of police, kun thia"; deputy district 
 magistrate. kia" bun khu kak se" kai hii ciu 
 tliia" kui"; send a dispatch to the departments 
 and districts in every province. 
 
 ^^ thia" 128 To hear, to listen, to un- 
 |>li> 906 16 derstand, to give heed to, 
 to hearken ; hearing. 
 
 lu thia" ua ta" ; listen to what I have to say. 
 lia ta" lu thia" ; I will tell you about it. tia 
 ta" i m thia" ; he pays no heed to what I tell 
 him. lia thia" m pat to khu; I cannot under- 
 stand what is said. lu soi-sim thia" ; listen 
 attentively. ua t,hia°-nj-ki" ; I cannot hear it. 
 thia"-ki" n&ng ta" ; heard some one say so. 
 thia" tit ki" ; can hear or understand it. thia" 
 tieh hp ; think it sounds pleasant. thia" tieh 
 i kai ue cu khi ; was vexed on hearing what 
 she said. m-hp thia" ; unpleasant to hear, as 
 obscene or indecent language, chin hi" thia"- 
 ki" ; heard it with my own ears, 
 hi" ; di ' - - - - 
 
 derstan( 
 
 what I heard, understand where it was. ki" 
 ta" ki" thia"; he hears everything that is said. 
 
 thia" m jip 
 
 lid not plainly hear or did not fully un- 
 md. thia" m chut si ti-kp ; did not, from 
 
;8G 
 
 DICTIOXART OF TH« SWXTOW DIALECT. 
 
 sui ta" sui thia" ; obeys as soon as spoken to. 
 ru pat thia"-ki" kai ; what I never heard before, 
 i 10 thia" nang ta" ; he is more obedient. oh 
 thia" ; painful to hear or unpleasant to comply 
 ■with. i m thia" nang khng-kbi ; he does not 
 heed people's remonstrances. thia" ke, thia" 
 kfara, tieh thia" tit loh hi" cia" Q ong ; whether 
 one hear more or less, it is only what is fixed 
 in the mind that is of use. ka-kl kfti sim ce 
 ki kiii cu lo thia" sia" liah I'a" ; as soon as her 
 suspicions are aroused she makes something 
 out of every sound and shadow, raai" thia" i ; 
 pay no heed to what she says. m ho thia" 
 
 n&ug ta" chit ta" poih ; pay no heed to people's 
 gossip. i kHi hi" ku lai h(5 thia" ; he plays his 
 violin well. 
 
 thia" 104 A pain, an ache ; soreness ; 
 
 936 7 disease that causes pain ; 
 acute feelings ; heart-rending ; distressing ; to 
 commiserate ; with energy, 
 thftu-khak thia"; headache. raftk-ciu thia"; 
 sore eyes. thia" khku ; to weep bitterly. i 
 jfang t6 thia" ; he cries because he has a pain 
 in his stomach, kha thia" b6i kla"; has a sore 
 leg and cannot walk. sim-kua"-thau thia" ; 
 
 has a soreness of the chest. si cie"-t6 thia", a 
 si e-to thia" ? Is the pain in the upper or the 
 lower part of the bowels ? phia°-li thia"; side- 
 aclie. khf thia" ; toothache. fvu-lCng thia" ; 
 sore throat. t5ng-thia' ; a dolorous pain, 
 
 thia" kau kuak-kuak-chfo" ; aches with a sharp 
 throbbing pain. cih li se" chu h'o thia" ; has 
 festers on the tongue which make it sore, ie- 
 ciah-kut thia"; backache. thong sin thia"; 
 
 ache all over. sng-thia" ; lameness, as from 
 overwork or rheumatism. thia" kau nJli m 
 
 khu ; aches so I cannot stand it. khak-kho 
 Wn thia"; bear up under pain. thia"sf; 
 
 aches intolerably. i thia" tieh i ; she pities 
 him. ci'a bo kue i tieh thia" ; no wonder that 
 it is painful. bo kuai i hie" thia" ; no wonder 
 it is so sore. oi thia" a boi ? Does it ache ? 
 
 li'u thia" ; a sharp pain. ka tlua" ; a griping 
 pain, ngui thia" ; a bemumbing pain, chfe" 
 thia" ; a throbbing pain, tie" thia" ; pain with 
 swelling. jiet thia" ; feverish pain. chu ce 
 ngun khut i p6 thia" ; took some money and 
 gave it to him to heal the hurt, khi-thau-e m 
 cai thia", ua" ce jii-keng thia"; at first it did 
 not ache, but it was more painful after awhile, 
 sim thia"; heartache. tang 6i thia" kii kkn 
 
 boi thia" ; attended to it from the time it was 
 hurt until it got well, boi thia" kai li tieh ku 
 kau thia" ; where there is no soreness she keeps 
 working at it till she produces one. i si thia' 
 tieh ci"; he is sorrowing over his money. 
 
 thia" kha kQa" kuiucfii" ; urge the lame leg 
 along. i siang nJli thiii" ; she bears pain witU 
 the greatest fortitude. i kai nek hi" thia" 16 ! 
 He will get a beating for that ! 
 
 ^i thia" 115 A journey ; a road ; a post ; 
 
 duk 79 7 to ti-avel. 
 i sang i cek choi" r.giin thia'-ngl ; she gave 
 hira a thousand dollars for his travelling ex- 
 peuEes, ti-tiang-si khi thia" ? When do you 
 start ? u jieh coi 15 thia" ? How long a jour- 
 ney is it ? hang thia" hftng tla".tieh kai ; the 
 time within which the journey is to be com- 
 pleted is exactly fixed, kang-thia" u jieh toa ? 
 How big a job is it ? c6k thia" cgk thia" cu 
 kia" cia" cilp jit ; post by post we travelled for 
 just ten days. coi" thia" iQ Q hp chii ; the 
 
 future holds preferment for you, 
 
 — thiah — 
 
 -^1^ thiali 64 To take to pieces; to pull 
 gpTp 960 6 apart; to unrip; to break 
 up or open by external force ; to undo or dis- 
 joint. 
 
 thiah sin ; to open a letter, thiah thoi' hti t6i 
 jieh coi ; undo it and see how many there are 
 inside. tl c6k jit thiah sia ? On what day 
 is the house to be demolished ? thiah hnang ; 
 open a sealed package. thiah khui ; to tear 
 open, as a parcel. thiah tlo phQe; unrip a 
 
 coverlet. thiah tlo lio l§ng-ua" cp ; take it to 
 pieces and make it over again. ai" cp-ni khui 
 thiah ? How shall I take it apart? i lii kam 
 thiah-sua"; he is averse to breaking it up, and 
 scattering it. i kai hue u chui-thiah a b6 ? 
 Does he open out his goods to dispose of at 
 retail or not ? thiah boi ; sell piecemeal. td 
 thiah boi c€k ta" thiah sih il no sa" kun ; ia 
 dividing it up and selling it at retail we lose 
 two or three catties to the picul. thiah chu 
 teng; thiah chii hla ; tear up a roof. cun cp 
 ce thiah tio leng-ua" cp ; tear the boat to pieces 
 and remodel it. chin than oi thiah sih me ? 
 
 In selling it piecemeal did its weight fall short 
 of that which you bought it for ? i kai pho 
 i"-keng thiah sio; they have dissolved partner- 
 ship, thiah hiie ; to break up the mess, chie" 
 thiah ke u no chieh ; they have lowered the 
 wall two feet by taking off the top. thiah lau- 
 pang ; take up flooring. ci sang oi cheng ku- 
 kii to boi thiah hah ; have worn this pair of 
 shoes a very long time and the layers of the 
 soles have never parted. sua" thiah chut Ifii 
 eng ; pick out the thread to use again. si- 
 
 ceng thiah lai thoi" h'o cu oi cp ; after taking 
 a clock to pieces and looking at it, he can 
 make one. thiah hi-pe°; take down the plat- 
 
DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT, 
 
 587 
 
 form on wLicli the play was enacted. ci ktii 
 min-cling lid tliiah kui ; this bedstead is one 
 that can be taken apart and put together at 
 needn. thiah li'o, ai" tiang-si, cia" lai tan ; take 
 it to pieces and when it is wanted put it toge- 
 ther again. cek tlo hd thiah lai co no tio ; 
 make tlie one stmnd into two. thiah pi"; un- 
 braid the queue. ci'a chai-lio tliiah chut lai 
 l(5ng-c6ng hd eng ; the materials may all be 
 used after it is taken to pieces. 
 
 thiara 
 
 i^ 
 
 thiara 85 To take in by absorption ; 
 43 5 afFected by. 
 tliiara-jiain; imbued with; tinged; corrupted by. 
 cng kai bo khu thiara-jfam i ; have nothing 
 whatever to do with it. u thiam-jfara tieh a 
 bo ? Has it been tinged by absorbing anything 
 from that ? 
 
 >J^F^ thiam 85 To add, to increase, to put 
 lij^^ 898 ~S in more ; extra, additional, 
 thiam p6 ; add something to make enough, 
 thiara che khu phoi"; send additional messen- 
 gers to attend to the matter. thiam teng ; to 
 liave an increase in one's family, thiara chai ; 
 increase in wealth. thiara hok ; added bless- 
 ings, thiara siu ; added years, thiara iu ; put 
 in sorae more oil. thiam pia" ; increase the 
 
 number of soldiers. 
 
 thiara 99 Excessively ; violently ; se- 
 738 4 verely. 
 phah kau thfam-thiara ; beat him very severely, 
 chip khah thiara ; knead too hard, me" thi'am- 
 thi'am, i to m-ui ; he does not care how much 
 he is scolded, ta" khah thiam i cu khi ; if you 
 say too much about it, he will be angry. teh 
 khah thiam cu p6 khu ; if you put too much 
 weight upon it, it will be permanently flattened, 
 liin thiam-thiam ; trample down violently. 
 
 r>^. 
 
 — yc^ thiara 149 To flatter, to cajole; to 
 ftp 47 8 fawn, 
 thiara-rai"; to play the sycophant, to praise one 
 in order to get his favor, i ci'a ue si td thiam- 
 ml° i ; he says this in order to curry favor with 
 him. thi'am-mi" kai nang ; a lick-spittle. 
 
 thiam 157 To stamp upon ; to press 
 1015 12 down with the feet, 
 thiam kau lok-lok ; tread them down till they 
 are mashed soft, thiam tio ; destroy by stamp- 
 ing upon. khi kau kua ti hiam-hiam khut i 
 thiam thap ; was so angry that he came near 
 breaking a hole in the ground by stamping, 
 ge-kang cang kha kai i thiam si ; stamp on the 
 centipede and kill it. pang hu kui° ke ham 
 
 k6, cang kha thiam clu c!h ; if you put one end 
 of it upon something and then stamp on the 
 middle of it, you can break it. 
 
 M 
 
 fife 
 
 thiam 61 Peaceful; contented; tranquil. 
 899 6 thiam-ce"; undisturbed. i 
 kai n&tig thiam-ce" cSi ; she passes her life 
 very tranquilly. huang eng thiam-co"; the 
 
 winds and waves are quiet; the storra has 
 subsided. i si kai thiam-thiam ce°-ce" k&i 
 
 kun-cu nang; she is a very retiring and refined 
 person. 
 
 — thiang — 
 
 H. thiang 72 The inner qualities devel- 
 29 10 oping. 
 me"-hng Idi thiang im ; come and take a social 
 glass in the evening, ue ta" lai thiang-tA,k ; it 
 was said in a very perspicuous style. thiang- 
 khiiai cSi ; very delightsome or pleasurable. 
 
 — thiap — 
 
 thiap 154 To supply, to make up. 
 893 5 thp-thiap ; well adjusted ; 
 properly arranged ; well managed ; nicely pub 
 together. i kai su co lai thd- thiap c5i ; his 
 
 affairs are very thoroughly settled. sU-H kku 
 thd-thd thiap-thiap ; put in most perfect order, 
 thoi-thiap; thi-thiap; to take up another's cause; 
 to act in behalf of another; to patronize ; to 
 accommodate another. i io thoi-thiap nang ; 
 he is more accommodating. lia ia m si thoi- 
 
 thiap i, cu m si cie"-.se"; I should not do thus 
 if I did not consider his interests in the case, 
 i raih su thi-thiap cS,i, m pi hia bo thi-thiap 
 nang kai ; he is very accommodating about 
 everything, and not like those who will yield 
 nothing to others. iap-thiap ; neat, orderly, 
 nicely adjusted, siu-sip kau iap-iap thiap- 
 
 thiap ; very nicely arranged. i til-pang kau 
 hie" iap-thiap si ai" khu co nang-kheh a m si ? 
 It is because she is going to pay a visit that 
 she is so carefully attired is it not ? ci kai si 
 i thiap sin kai hia-thau ; this is her waiting- 
 maid. p6-thiap; to make up a loss or supply a 
 deficiency; to meet an exigency by a donation ; 
 to help, as by giving alras. Cng p6-thiap i jieh 
 coi ci" ? How much should bo given him to 
 make up what is wanting ? thiap i sa" k§d 
 ngun hwn bue kau ; if you help him to the 
 amount of three dollars, he will then not have 
 enough. 
 
 iJlJr thiap 50 "Written scrolls, writings, 
 'rM 893 5 documents, manuscripts ; a 
 billet ; visiting-cards, of which there are many 
 sorts ; a placard, 
 i lai CO nopeh kai peh-thiap; he came and 
 
588 
 
 DICTIONART OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 wrote out two hundred notices of the fanei'al. 
 cia, eng chwn-thiap a nifen ? Should this note 
 be a formal one of five folds or not ? ciu 
 
 thiap ; a billet, an informal note. pai thiap ; 
 a visiting card. ku m&fih kai thiap ; a card 
 sent with a gift. hue-ang thiap ; pale red 
 
 cards, bslk-^ng thiap ; deep red cards, kim- 
 hue thiap ; an note of invitation to one who 
 has just taken his degree. thiap-flp ; a card- 
 case, sfo" thiap ; a notice of reward offered, 
 thiap nek, thiap thau ; the note itself and the 
 envelope enclosing it. thiap mln, thiap chiam; 
 the outside of the note and the address thereon, 
 chut cie-thiap, cie nang co kaug ; issue a notice 
 that laborers are wanted. pang thiap ; send 
 out invitations, khieh thiap ; received written 
 invitations. 
 
 4ot^ thiap 64 To lay up in a pile ; to stack 
 J^ 892 22 on. 
 
 chiu-chio" td thiap chil kho pe ; like laying up 
 bundles of fire-wood, cih lio thiap khi ; after 
 folding them up, lay them in a pile, thiap ei- 
 cia" B^-cia° ; pile them up evenly, thiap khah 
 kui"; stacked too high. 
 
 — thie — 
 thie 64 To pick oat, up or atj to 
 887 6 provoke; to stir up; to select. 
 16 kio ua thie ki chua"; you pick out this 
 sliver for me. eng cam lui thie phiia ; pick it 
 open with a needle. thie loh khu 6i hueh lau 
 a boi? Does it bleed when you pick into it? 
 teng-sim thie khui ce ; pick up the wick of the 
 lamp a little, cii si i <p tliie-so cia° ti-kau cie°- 
 se"; it is through liis mischief-making that 
 this has come to pass. i thie tieh kua" ; he 
 
 has been chosen for office. thie-swn ho kai ; 
 pick out a good one. thie tit tieh, a thie ixi 
 
 lieh ? Did she pick it out, or did she fail to do 
 BO ? thie keng-nng ; to select Mauclm girls 
 for the harem. toa kfii i soi° thie khf ; the 
 large ones have already been picked out by 
 him. thie-thek ; to cavil, i 6i thie hue chiah 
 siu ; she can do various sorts of fancy work. 
 i oi thie siah-poh ; she can separate the sheets 
 of tin-foil. 
 
 thie 119 To sell grain ; to dispose of 
 
 890 19 breadstuffs. 
 thie hi; to sell rice. khui chng pheng thiej 
 open the granaries and dispose of the contents 
 at a fair price. 
 
 — thien — 
 "^DL*. thien 37 The highest of things, heaven 
 ^V 897 1 both physically and divinely; 
 the ether, the sky, the firmament; Nature; 
 Pi-ovidence ; celestial. 
 
 tliien-che"; a dark glossy gray, or purple, thien 
 cu ; the emperor, thien kang ; the cycle of ten. 
 thien hun ; natural endowments ; native ability. 
 thien-8e° cQ-jien kai ; what is natural. i kai 
 thien-cu cu si slang h6 kai ; his natural gifts 
 are of the highest order, nang (a° i si tit tieh 
 thien-cu cia" cie" 6i ; people say that he has 
 received books from celestial regions and is 
 therefoi-e thus gifted. mln c6i° Q kai thien- 
 be-ua°; in front there is natural mound, shaped 
 like a saddle laid on its side. 
 
 -r^ thien 82 To supply a deficiency. 
 ^^ 898 10 thien mia"; to add the name 
 to something in which it is lacking. thieu 
 
 cheh ; to supply something in a book. tliien 
 p6 ; to supply enough, thien h&i"; to pay the 
 remainder of a debt. thien kau lio; supplied 
 the full amount. thien H-leh ; fill iu the 
 
 details of ago parentage and residence. thien 
 jit-ci ; writ© iu the date, id thien ni-gOeh ; to 
 antedate. thien kau mua'-mua"; fully supply 
 the deficiency. thien chut jieh coi ngiin ? 
 
 How much did he pay to make up the amount ? 
 
 Vl^^ thien 149 To make a clean copy ; to 
 fX^ 865 11 transcribe. 
 thien-16k-8eng; a copyist. f-keng thien sia 
 cheng-chd lio ; is already copied out fairly. 
 
 — thiet — 
 
 thieb 64 To remove from or to one ; 
 42 12 to send off ; to recall ; to set 
 aside ; to n-ject. 
 
 thia'-ki" ci ki kun ai' thiet, si mS ? I hear that 
 this regiment is to be recalled, is it so ? ci n6 
 ie" chai l&i thiet; remove these two dishes from 
 the course, thiet hue khu; has been recalled, 
 thiet jim, tng kliu ; left his post and returned 
 home. cio°-si thiet i kfti ui ; his superior in 
 office h«8 withdrawn his appointment. thiet 
 tio ci no nang lio ai" Icng-Qa' 6ng n^ng me ? 
 After having rejected these two men, do you 
 wish to employ others ? 
 
 ^f^h thiet 60 Perspicacious; discerning; 
 j^A 42 12 pervious ; to penetrate ; to 
 go through. 
 
 i kai to lai thong-thiet cSi ; he is very discern- 
 ing, put lun si CO su si la" ue to bI thong, 
 thong thiet-thiet; whether in action or in 
 speech he is very sure to get at the underlying 
 motives and facts. i sni-si chp-liak 6i thong, 
 thong lai m thiet ; although he undei'stands 
 this to some extent, he does not understand it 
 thoroughly. ci cak cu kai t5-li sueh lai thau- 
 thiet cSi ; the doctrine contained in this pass- 
 age was very thoroughly explained, cek ji cek 
 ku to sueh kau thau-thau thiet-thiet ; explains 
 
DICTIONART OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 589 
 
 every word and sentence most thoroughly, 
 sai nang khu thiet-toi cheng ch6 ; send some 
 one to the very bottom to make an exhaustive 
 investigation. Qe ih." Isii liwn-h'o hue thiet-toi; 
 has not yet touched upon the bottom facts in 
 vvhat he has said. 
 
 — thih — 
 
 like iron ; wrought 
 
 phah thih kai nang ; 
 iron wire. thih se" 
 
 ^*g thih '167 Iron; 
 itjpd 893 13 iron, 
 thill kill ; ironware, 
 a blacksmith, thih sua"; 
 sang ; iron rusts. peh-thih ; tin. die" thih ; 
 iron ore. bue si lam se"-thih kai ; is not 
 
 plated with iron. be kau thih ; tin in sheets, 
 thih tio ; iron rods. thih poh ; sheet iron, 
 
 thih kah ; iron armor. thih thui ; a hammer, 
 thih-tiam ; anvils. thih-tiam cek e, thih-thui 
 cek e ; the anvil strikes the hammer as often 
 as the hammer strikes the anvil. thih kho ; 
 iron hoops. thih gai ; iron filings. oi thih 
 lang, ceng thih tui ; work at hai'd labor in the 
 Buddhist hell. cu si thih cleh sim-tng thoi" 
 tieh ia put jim ; though one's feelings were 
 hard as rock, one could not endure the sight. 
 i ce phoi" pheng loh khu cii si thih pit bo i; 
 when he has once rendered a decision it is 
 unchangeable. i si thih min, bo nang-cheng 
 kai ; he is a hard man, with no humanity. ci 
 ko much toi" kue thih ; this is harder than 
 iron. cia tieh eng thih-teng lai teng ; this 
 
 must be nailed with a nail, si bua chwn-thih- 
 i"; is rubbing down an inkstone of the hardest 
 quality ; is very slow work. 
 
 thih 154 To supply; abundant, liberal. 
 r^ 753 13 ku toa bo to m thih, iu ai° 
 ku soi kai b6 ; have not the means to provide 
 adequately for the chief wife, and then there 
 is the inferior wife to provide for. ai" ku ciah 
 to kia"-ui m thih a, co u ci" khu sai tio ? Fear- 
 ing there is not the wherewith to supply suffi- 
 cient food even, how can I have money to spend 
 in something else ? ku cie° poi" m thih, ia ai" 
 kii hie" p6i°; am unable to give this side as 
 much attention as it requii-es, and there is the 
 other side to be attended to. tang ci kai kii 
 tit thih cia" khu kii hu kai ; wait till you can 
 do as much as is needful for this one, before 
 you go and look after that one. 
 — thim — 
 thim 85 To put under water ; to sink 
 20 4 a thing ; weighty ; heavy, 
 thim-hie"; garu-wood, or lignaloes. thira 
 
 pang ciii toi cim ; sink it to the bottom and let 
 it soak, thim loh hai ; sink it in the sea. php 
 tieh thim-thim tS,ng ; he is very heavy to cany, 
 ica-thim ak ; hidden wickedness. 
 
 — thin — 
 To copy ; to transcribe ; to 
 
 thin 149 
 
 865 10 make an exact copy, 
 ci kp kd khieh khu thin cheng; take this 
 draft and make an exact and fair copy. 
 cSng thin cin a hue ? Has a fac-simile been 
 made yet ? cie" p6i" thin kue hie" p6i"; trans- 
 cribe what is on this side upon the other side. 
 l§ng-gua thin c6 toa kai kai ; rewrite it in 
 larger characters. 
 
 thin 170 To state; to express carefully; 
 
 19 8 to lay before an officer, 
 thin i kai ch^ng-cak chut lai ; give a systematic 
 statement of the circumstances. nia-su-kua" 
 ki° khu tok-bii kp k&i bun-cu kie-cp sin-thin ; 
 dispatches sent from a consul to a governor or 
 lieutenant-governor are thus called. 
 
 VFs *^^^" — '^^ pour off a liquid from 
 ■JLi@ 560 16 sediment. 
 me"-me° khu thin png, ua" ce, am cii thin m 
 chut ; go at once and turn the water off the 
 boiling rice, a little later there will be no water 
 to turn off. ieh pu ho cu thin chut lai ; when 
 the medicine has steeped sufficiently, drain it 
 off from the dregs. 
 
 - J^ -C thin 61 To irritate ; to provoke ; to 
 iuT^ 293 9 excite needlessly, 
 mp thin i ; you must not tease him, ci'a si 
 
 thin tieh kSi h6"-thau-phang ; this is stirring 
 up a hornet. 
 
 — thio — 
 
 To go before ; to step over ; 
 to release from Purgatory, 
 
 7$ thio 156 
 
 2. 36 6 
 as Buddhists do. 
 thio-seng ; to promote over others, to over- 
 slaugh other officers. peh-jit thio-seng ; pro- 
 moted openly to a position above those who 
 had been his superiors in office. p^ng i khu 
 thio se"; let him live on. thio to i kai leng- 
 hiin mfen jip ti-gek ; when released from pur- 
 gatory, his soul need not enter hell, 
 
 thio 64 To take the responsibility; 
 
 887 6 to gnarantee ; to warrant, 
 i chia° ti-tiang chut Ifti thio su ; he asked some 
 one to take the responsibility of the affair upon 
 himself. ua kio i thio-seng; I will stand 
 
 sponsor for him. i thio-s6ng m khl ; he is not 
 able to give security to this amount, si ci koi 
 pho thio jin ; this is the shop which warranted 
 the goods. i si koi"-thio m6ng-§k kai nang ; 
 he is a huckster, su si ti-tiang thio kai ? Who 
 is the responsible party in the case ? iia thio 
 i jit 5u m ka" cii si ; I will guarantee that he 
 will not hereafter do so again. 
 
590 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALICT. 
 
 m 
 
 VAf thio 162 Far off ; remote ; cut off 
 3 lM. 889 ~5~ from constant intercourse, 
 khu kau hti-kd thio-thio 16 thSu ; to go there 
 is a very long journey. lo tio thio-thio, kang 
 choi" li hng ; a long journey, of fully a thou- 
 sand miles. c6k lo thio-thio ; a long road to 
 travel. 
 
 6/1) thio 137 The tossing of a vessel on 
 TiJ/ 38 4 the water, 
 ^ng ce Itli cun cu to thio ; as soon as the waves 
 rise the vessel pitches. ctn io-it cSi, cng k&i 
 t6 thio ; the boat is very uneasy, and is all the 
 time pitching and rolling, 
 
 thio 156 To surpass ; to excel ; to go 
 
 36 6 before. 
 
 i kai chsli-chfing sit-cfti th\o khfin ; his abilities 
 are above the common run. i chii tieh th\o- 
 t6ng ; he has taken a place in the first rank of 
 graduates, i &i khui thio ho ktli keng ; he can 
 draw bows that are above the regular degree of 
 stiffness. 
 
 thio 157 To leap, to jump, to skip. 
 
 889 6 to dance, to hop about, to 
 palpitate, to throb ; to reach across, 
 thio I6h Ifii ; jump down, thio-raong; to dance 
 and gesture as an actor does. t6 kfti si cu thio 
 kue khu ; rallied his force and jumped across, 
 thio khi khu ; leaped up. chfu mong, kha 
 
 thio ; brandish the arms and hop about, hua"- 
 hi knu td thio ; skipped for joy. sim-kua'- 
 
 thfiu pok-pok-thio ; the heart palpitates, kla" 
 to m kia", c5-ni id thio ; does not go along, but 
 keeps hopping about. hii thio t6 cui min ; 
 
 the fish leap on the surface of the water. i 
 
 kai phun si co c6 kap-po thio ; his grave is 
 made with a scalloped front, with an outline 
 like the course of a leaping frog, khut i thio- 
 cau khu ; he bolted off. thio kue kau ; spring 
 across a ditch. i khi kku khu thio khoi ; she 
 was so vexed that she went and jumped into 
 the river. cp su m un-chai, chuh-chuh thio ; 
 does not do things in a smooth and easy way 
 but keeps skipping to and fro. khi kau t(5 
 
 thio ; jumped up and down from rage. td 
 
 thio ; leap backwards, cia" thio; leap forward. 
 i ce thio cu cie" chu-teng ; he mounts upon the 
 roof at a leap. thio-pang ; a board laid as 
 
 a foot-bridge from one point to another ; a 
 gangway from the shore to a boat. tieh 
 
 phah thio-pang cia" 6i tit khf; must lay a 
 plank across and then we can get on board, 
 phah thio tieh phah un-iiu ; if you lay a 
 temporary foot-bridge you must make it 
 firm. 
 
 thio 75 To classify statements ; to 
 |>|> 888 6 set down items in order ; to 
 arrange in sections. 
 
 cia, pu ai" co-n! thio-thin ? How is this matter 
 to be lucidly set forth ? i"-keng soi" thio- 
 
 thin hd-hd Ho ; have already arranged the 
 items, sections or statements in such order as 
 to make the subject clear. 
 
 ^ra thto 149 To harmonize ; to blond ; to 
 W^4 888 8 restore the peace; to adjust; 
 to mix or compound ; to tame ; to temper ; to 
 regulate; to moderate; to tune; to find the 
 tone of a character; to spell; to combine 
 initials and finals according to tone, as in form- 
 ing Chinese characters. 
 
 16 k&i sin-hQn tieh cai thto-fang ; you must 
 nurse your health. kx' thio-li h'li tit huap ; 
 
 will regulate it according to a system. i 
 
 tng kiiu chii t<5 th!o-ui ; he has gone homo for 
 medical treatment. i m!a°-ke pheng-thio 
 
 chai btt ; she is skillful in cookery. chla" 
 
 kong-chin lai thio-chfi ; invito arbitrators to 
 decide on the manner of setth'ng tlio affair, 
 thio-hi ; lewd dalliance. phe" ceh i7i tljio ; 
 
 the tones do not harmonize. thio kau i kai 
 
 hi" hua cia' h<5 t6a'; tune the viols till they 
 accord and then play. i kai klii-hueh m 
 
 thlo-hua; his system is generally deranged, 
 cia bI ciah lio m sio kai mau'-pc", tieh ciah i 
 sio-thio ; this trouble arises from indigestion, 
 and bo most take something to assist digestion. 
 
 tL I* thio 76 A pillar ; a support. 
 Tie 89 6 cieh thio; a stone column, 
 thio kha ; the ba.se of a pillar. thio tiin ; the 
 plinth, thio sin ; the shaft. thio teng; the 
 capital, ke thio ; a pillar of the family, chu 
 thio ; a pillar of a house. m hd cp e" la hd c6 
 thio ; what will not do for a main beam, may 
 do for a prop. i kfii lak oi thph e" ua° thio ; 
 his strength is such that he can raise the beam 
 to change the supporting pillar. si thio ; the 
 year, month, day and hour of birth. 
 
 — thick — 
 
 -4gFt thiok 140 To lay up in store. 
 p3 99 10 i ci no ni cek-thiok u kiii 
 choi° ngun to-kp ; he has laid up several thou- 
 sands of dollars these last two years. i cfa 
 chiu-hQa si cek-thiok ku kai ; this enmity has 
 been gradually accumulating through a long 
 period, pheng-sl tieh oi cek-cek thiok-thiok, 
 h6ng tieh ciii ua°, h6k-si ki-hng, ci kai cek- 
 thiok kki cu bd khieh chut lai eng ; it must 
 be collected and hoarded up in ordinary times, 
 and when there is drought or famine, that 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 591 
 
 which has been accumulated may be brought 
 out and used, sai-6 thiok-cek; secretly hoard, 
 thiok ktiu ksli si hd-hp ciii" lili cO ; lay by till 
 a very favorable time comes and then make it. 
 i si td thiok si kai ; he is rallying his force. 
 
 ij^ thiok 64 A spasm or ci'amp of the 
 J"S 99 16 tendons, 
 hut-jien kai klia chin thin-thiok ; suddenly 
 taken with cramp in the limbs. 
 
 — thit — 
 Tpl!^ "*^^ thit-th6 To roam for amusement 
 A/U ^^^2v 1112 or information ; to saun- 
 ter idly ; to amuse one's self ; to take recreation, 
 ai" khu thit-tho ; will go out for a walk. i 
 
 thit-tho kau iii ; he has rambled about till he is 
 sick of it. pun a-no"-kia" hue thit-th6 ; give 
 it to the children to play with, thit-tho much; 
 playthings. hau° thit-tho ; fond of leisurely 
 rambles ; likes idling about. 
 
 m 
 
 thiu — 
 
 thiu 64 To take out with the hand ; 
 50 5 to lift ; to levy or assess, as 
 taxes ; to select or draw, as a lot ; to expand, as 
 plants in spring ; to raise water ; to receive 
 one's portion ; a tenth, a tithe ; a fee. 
 ci'a si co-ni thiu-thau ? What proportion of this 
 is to be taken as fees ? thiu ta°-thau ; take 
 the fees for porterage, cap hiln thin cek hun ; 
 take a tithe of it. thiu khi lai ; take out a 
 
 portion. puah h'o biie la cp thiu ciii ; after 
 
 gambling had not enough to pay the percentage 
 charged as fees to the gambling house. thiu 
 cui ; the portion kept as his fee by the one who 
 holds the stakes in gaming. cek sin thiu- 
 
 thia"; had cramps all over me. kha thiu kun ; 
 had a cramp in the leg. thiu huang ; cramps 
 arising from a cold, eng ciii-thiu lai thiu ciii ; 
 take a syphon and draw off the water. thin 
 chut lai lio, leng-ua" jib Iph khu ; drew it out 
 and then crowded it in again, i thiu kha cau ; 
 he got up and went off. ke it thiu ; another 
 tenth. in 6i" cS,i, put leng thiu sin ; am very 
 busy and can't get away, thiu sit u jleh coi ? 
 What is the net gain ? bue ceng fu thiu ; 
 
 have not yet subtracted the expenses. sai 
 
 thiu ; illegal fees, thiu sim chut lai ; take out 
 the core, thiu tio leng toa kiie khu; sent out 
 a tendril to run over it. cdih b6 sai thiu ; cut 
 off the passage of boats, and levy illegal taxes 
 on the passengers, thiu tio ; to draw out and 
 reject. 
 
 rft'pt thiu 60 A facing; an edge; a hem. 
 'rPJ 150 9 sang p6i° he thiu ; face the 
 two edges. chi'u-ng ai° he thia a m ? Do you 
 
 want to face the edge of the sleeve ? ka Ipli 
 khh lu-tii cuah thiu: lieh 16ng-fla° ka p6 lai c6 
 thiu ; in cutting it out, there lacks just the fac- 
 ing : you must buy another piece for the facing, 
 ti thiu \i io nJli ; it will last longer if faced, pi 
 ke no kp thiu, cek poi" cek kp ; lay on two 
 more facings, one on either side. 
 
 ^Ij 
 
 thiu 18 A plane ; to plane. 
 
 665 5 thiu pang ; to piano boards, 
 khia k! thiu lai thiu ; take a plane and plane it. 
 thiu cih ; thiu to; the blade of a plane. thiu 
 kng-kng; plane very smooth. thiu-siah ; to 
 correct ; to put in shape ; to polish of. 
 
 _ f L thfu 1 The second of the twelve 
 I K 62 8 horary characters or branches; 
 the second hour of the day, from 1 to 3 o'clock 
 A.M, or the fourth watch ; it is denoted by the 
 ox, and astrologers say that persons born at 
 this hour are likely to be dull, 
 thiu si ; from one to three o'clock A.M. thia 
 gueh; the second month in the cycle of twelve, 
 thiu-kieh ; the merry-andrews in a play, i td 
 cp thfu ; he acts the part of buffoon, koi put 
 li thiu ; the fowls will always crow iu the 
 fourth watch. 
 
 thiu-thu Irresolute; undecided ; 
 51 unable to get on. 
 
 1 h\vn-lio thiu-thu, rn cek-kwt ; he is still 
 wavering and uncertain. thiu-thu ku-a jifc 
 
 hwn bue chut mng ; ha.s been able to make up 
 his mind whether he would go during several 
 days and has not yet started. i cp-ui c6k lo 
 thiu-thu kau cie" kii hwn bue lai ? How is it 
 that he has delayed on the road so long and 
 has not yet arrived ? ua thcSi" i kai i si thiu- 
 thiu thu-thu, phah-sng bue tia"; I .see that ho 
 intends to keep putting it off, his mind not 
 being made up about it. 
 
 ^^jt^ thiu 118 The calculate ; to compute ; 
 " f^j^ 51 14 to devise, 
 thiu-ueh ; settle and arrange a way of action, 
 ka-kl t(5 thiu-m6ng koi-cheh; he himself devised 
 a plan of action. 
 
 — thng — 
 ^H^ thng 85 Broth, soup, gravy ; warm 
 1^ 860 y water. 
 
 gu-nek-thng ; beef broth. koi-thng ; chicken 
 soup. thng-si ; a soup-spoon. thng ua"; a 
 soup-tureen, thng ciii ; gravy, sie thng ; hot 
 soup. luhthng; to sip soup. thothng; to 
 gulp down soup. iethng; dip out soup, 
 
 ngau thng; pu thng; ciji thng; make soup, 
 te tio thng ; drain off the gravy, chwn thngi 
 
592 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 E 
 
 make broth. lam tieli tlmg ; pour the gravy 
 ovei' ifc. thng khah ci'a"; tlie soup is too fresb. 
 lam cbpb ngiam-thng lob kbi ; pour in some 
 " stock". kbab se" tbng ; it is too watery, 
 
 jiet kaa ju kiin tbng ; bot as boiling soup. 
 tbng boi tiam ; tbe soup bas no strengtb. 
 
 tbng 86 To scald with boiling water; 
 
 862 12 scalding bot. 
 i kbut kiin cui tbng tieli ; sbe scalded berself 
 witb boiling water, tbng k^u kAi pbft kbf lai ; 
 scalded so tbat it blistered. sie k4u oi tbng 
 cbfu ; bot enougb to scald tbe band. ceng 
 
 kwn tieb tbng sie-sie ; must rinse tbe cups and 
 tea-pot in bot water and make tbem very bot. 
 tbng-bu; a cbaflBng disb. sie kba tbng 
 
 cbfu kdi su, kang-kbo cd ; tbat is vei*y severe 
 drudgery. bam kbieb kbu tbng ; take tbe 
 
 scallops and pour boiling water over tbem. 
 tbng buo sek ; tbey are not yet scalded 
 tbrougb. 
 
 tbng 130 To undress ; to get out of 
 
 914 7 to strip off. 
 
 tbng <Io sa'; to take off one's tunic, tbng kbui 
 lai tboi"; tbrow open your tunic and let me 
 see. pak tlo bo, tbng tlo 6i bueb ; take off 
 
 your cap, and your shoes and stockings. 
 
 tbng 119 Sugar ; sugared ; prepared 
 
 861 10 in or witb sugar; candy. 
 
 peb-tbng ; wbite or ligbt colored sugar. chiab 
 sua tbng ; iang tbng ; granulated brown sugar. 
 tbng; dark or uncleansed sugar, pia" tbiig ; 
 rock-candy. tbng-kek ; tbe Sugar Company, 
 tbng-lau ; a sugar filter, tbng pfing ; a sugar- 
 mill, tbng-ciii ; molasses. ang tbng bie" 
 tiam ; as sweet as sugar, lau biie tbng ; sugar 
 from tbe bottom of tbe filter, nng tbng ; soft 
 wet sugar. kd tbng; press tbe juice from 
 
 tbe cane and make sugar. ngftu tbng ; sek 
 
 tbng; make sugar, cia cap ng&u co tbng ; boil 
 tbis juice into sugar. tbng lio ; a temporary 
 sbed under wbicb sugar is boiled. tbiicr- 
 
 lio teng kai cia-ka ; tbe stones used to crusb 
 cane at tbe sugar-mill. sab tbng ; boil 
 
 in sugar. kbob tbng ; make taffy. raeug- 
 thng ; gum-drops. tbng-i"; barley sugar, so 
 tbng; crisp candy, tbng-tau ; pea-nut candy, 
 tbng sai ; sugar lions, thng-pang ; cakes made 
 of parcbed rice and sugar. kio"-tling ; spiced 
 candy, tbng kie"; preserved ginger, tbng lio; 
 confectionery. peb-tbng kiie ; sweet pastry, 
 suabtbng; sprinkle witb sugar. kit-bun 
 
 tbng ; loaf sugar, cbeng tbng; clarified sugar, 
 poih thng-cbang; pull molasses candy, phuab 
 thng-i"; make barley sugar. 
 
 Hvf ^' ^o 1^ Tbe elbow joint ; to elbow. 
 Al J 49 8 cbiu-tbng cbut khu ; the 
 elbow joint is dislocated. i cang cbiu-tbng, 
 tbng kau i pfiali lob kbu ; be bit bim witb bis 
 elbow till be fell down. i am-cu" tbng i, i cu 
 cai ; wben be privately nudged bim wiJb bis 
 elbow, be knew. cbiu-tbiig bu toi sng-nng- 
 
 tbiu"; my elbow is lame. 
 
 4"^ tbng 64 To poke at witb a stick. 
 43^ 111 9 kbieb ki tek-kp kbu tbiig 
 Piii-kau ; take a stick and go set tbe sewer run- 
 ning, kau 16 tieb soi° tbng tbong ; you must 
 first open a passage for tbe water to flow in tbe 
 drains, ci ki kbab nng i7i b(5 tbflg ; tbis is so 
 flexible tbat it is not good to use as a poker, 
 tbng kJiu bii t6i-t6i ; poke into tbe inside of it. 
 tbng sie-lin-tbimg ; poked a bole in it. 
 
 — the — 
 
 ±tb6 82 Eartb ; ground ; lands ; terri- 
 920 tory ; soil ; a region, 
 i si in b6k cxii th6 ; tbe climate does not agree 
 witb bim. ta° co tbo-ue cd-nl ti" ? How 
 
 would you say tbis in common parlance? ta" 
 lai bwn-lio ka* tbo-tb&m ; wbat be says has 
 still an admistnre of words from tbe local 
 dialect, tbd im si c6.n! ta'? Wbat is the local 
 pronunciation of tbis word ? hu-ko kai bong- 
 tbo n&ng-cbfing cSi-se'-Ie" ? What are tbe 
 manners and customs there ? ci'a si in-ko k&i 
 tbo sua'; these are tbe native products there, 
 kak cbti to sftt & tbo-tl ta; each place has its 
 local deities. i 8i liQam tieb tho-sin ; he bas 
 offended tbe god of the land. be tbo tieh 
 sla tbo; if you make a vow to tbe divinity 
 tbat presides over a particular spot, you must 
 pay tbe vow thereto. si t6b ti cek jit tong 
 
 tbo? Wbat day bas been selected as a lucky 
 one for beginning the excavation ? i kai pi- 
 tb6 ih-bp ; his appetite is not good. ci ie" ieb 
 6i p6 tbo kien pi ; this medicine creates an 
 appetite, nftng si cu ai° kui tbo ; wben a man 
 man dies he returns to dust. i kai tbo-cho" 
 se° lai ngia cfii ; the end of his nose is very 
 exquisitely formed. 
 
 tbo 9 Bent on ; inclined to ; on one 
 
 689 9 side, 
 i tbo ai", ua tbo m ; be is bent upon it, and I 
 am determined not to do it. i li tbo beng bu 
 kai nang, ua li tbo sieb bu kai nang; be is in- 
 clined to dislike tbat person, and I am inclined 
 to like bim. cek nang ci''-ngun tbo coi li bo 
 si-lak, cek nang si-lak tbo toa li bo ci"-ngun ; 
 one bad money without influence and tbe other 
 bad great influence but no money. i tbo ki' 
 pbab i ; sbe is determined to whip him. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 093 
 
 Jl\^ tho 17 To bulge ; protuberant. 
 P— 1 892 4 mftk th6-th6; protruding eyes. 
 i kai to-cfii tho chut lai ; lie has rupture at 
 the navel. i kai ra&k si thd-cu, ra ho ui ; his 
 eye has an extruded lens, and is incurable. Q 
 ko tho chut li p6 k6 nap jip ; the places where 
 it bulges out will make up for those where it 
 juts in. 
 
 tho 10 A hare or rabbit. 
 ___ 920 6 phah cek ciah tho ; shot a 
 hare, i si sie tho kai ; he was born in the year 
 of the hare. tho hau ; the hair of the rabbit, 
 used for fine pencils or brushes. 
 
 tho 30 To vomit ; to disgorge ; to 
 920 3 spit out; to disclose; to tell 
 
 I1± 
 
 all... 
 
 cie" li tho, e li sia ; vomiting and purging 
 simultaneously. si co-jien cu tho sia kai ; a 
 sudden attack of vomiting with diarrhea, ciah 
 loh kliii cu tho chut lai ; threw it up as soon as 
 he had taken it. cih tho kau tnj-tng chut lai ; 
 run your tongue out as far as possible. ixa 
 
 thia° i si piia" thun pua° tho kai ue ; I think he 
 kept back a part, and told a part. hi'a ue 
 
 tbun-thun tho-tho, m si tit-tit cu ta"; that is 
 concealing some of the facts and disclosing 
 others, it is not telling a straight-forward story. 
 i ho-hd si-si cp oi au-tho ? How is it that he 
 gags and vomits when there is no unusual 
 cause for it ? tho hueh ; bleed at the lungs, 
 tho kau kua ta° chut lai ; threw np bile, phi" 
 tieh cu tho ; the smell of it makes me vomit, 
 i m kheng tho cin cheng ; he is unwilling to 
 disclose the real state of the case. ue-ue tho ; 
 retch and vomit. ci ie° ieh oi ci tho ; this 
 
 medicine will stop the vomiting, i kai ci" ciah 
 m loh leng-ua° tho chut lai hai° nang ; he could 
 not make way with the money, and so disgorged 
 and returned it. cang ieh kwn i tho ; take 
 
 medicine to produce vomiting. ai" tho boi 
 
 tho ; am nauseated but cannot vomit. 
 
 tho 32 Earth ; soil ; mud ; clods ; 
 
 918 10 dirt. 
 
 ta° tho ; to carry earth in baskets slung at the 
 ends of a pole over the shoulder. chie" si th6 
 chie"; the wall is a mud wall. cph tho sia"; 
 
 build a mud village. tho ui ; an enclosing 
 
 wall made of earth. tho kho ; a cellar. th6 
 kang ; a sexton; to work in earth, bdi kui sin 
 tho ang-kia" khut a-no°-kia" hue thit-tho ; buy 
 some clay dolls for the children to play with. 
 Ii'n ce sua" tho lai tien hd a si liu hai th6 lai 
 tien h(5 ? Shall I dig the earth to fill it in with 
 from the hills or from the shore ? cia sua' kai 
 th6-sek hd ; the soil on these hills appears good. 
 
 ci ko k&i th6 kien-jun cSi ; the soil here is very 
 mellow, thd-lang ; artificial mill-stones, made 
 of earth, and used in hulling rice. 
 
 th6 162 To send forward by the 
 832 6 pressure of a liquid, 
 tho ieh-i", ai" cang slm-mueh tho ? What shall 
 I take after the pills to send them down ? ca- 
 sin li cang tS"-iam-thng tho ; when I took them 
 before I rinsed them down with water that 
 had been boiled and salted. eng kie"-thng 
 
 tho ; take ginger-tea to send it down with, 
 chong chph nek-cho-thng lai tho png ; make 
 some broth to assist the rice in ita course down 
 the gullet. 
 
 — thoa — 
 thoa 64 To drag along ; to haul 
 
 911 5 after one ; to pull along by 
 the hand. 
 
 i si klmt i thoa-lui tieh kai ; she became invol- 
 ved in it through him. i kai ue ta" li'o thoa 
 ni toa cui ; he drags the subject of his speech 
 through mud and water ; he has a very turgid 
 and verbose style of talking. cek e khah tng 
 thoa-thoa tah-tah, to m-hd ; if it be too long 
 it draggles on the ground and gets under foot 
 and is very troublesome. tu to thoa sim- 
 
 mueh ? What is the pig trailing after him ? 
 
 TMfc thoa 50 To take along with one ; to 
 nT 846 8 bring at the same time, 
 lu in-thoa i khu ti kp ? Whither are you lead- 
 ing him ? ii nang in-thoa i khu ; some one is 
 conducting him away. thoa-lien-lui tieh p&t 
 nang ; implicate others, thoa chiu khieh lai ; 
 bring it along when you come. ci cek thoa 
 kai chu Idng-cdng i kai ; all these dwellings 
 are his. thoa ta" ke kiii ta" hli ; while you are 
 about it bring a few more carries. cun ai' 
 lai li kua hia hue-mueh thoa cai lai ; when the 
 boat is coming bring those goods along in it. 
 
 — thoa" — 
 thoa" 127 To weed ; to clear grounds 
 
 618 10 of grass, 
 thoa" chau ; pull up the weeds. chau thda" 
 
 cheng-khih lio ; the weeds are all pulled. 
 
 •jhj^ thoa" 75 Tough hard wood, resem- 
 ^1^. 854 13 bling rosewood. 
 th6a°-hie°; sandal wood. 
 
 — thoah — 
 
 :b thoah 64 To rub or grate an article 
 362 9 on something below it. 
 thoah tio i kai phue ; grate off its rind. sa' 
 khut i thoah phvia khu; he has rubbed a hole 
 through- the garment in scrubbing it on the 
 
£94 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THH SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 wash-board. i"-b< tlioah cheng-khih ; rub all 
 the husks o£E the barley by rubbing it on a 
 rough surface. 
 
 Wl'ly thoah 85 To wash or scour rice. 
 iXf I 803 8 cang thoah bi kai ciii khu 
 E6i ; wash it in the water in which rice has 
 been scoured. thoah bi tieh thoah thi'am ce ; 
 in washing the rice you must stir it about 
 more violently. 
 
 — thoi — 
 
 CJ^ thoi 167 A hair-pin, broad and cur- 
 $/> 11 8 ved so that it will lie across 
 the occiput; those who wear hair-pins, females, 
 kim thoi ; gold hair-pins. h5ng thoi ; a hair- 
 pin with a phenix on it. kim-thoi cleh h6k ; 
 thoi -h6k ; a kind of medicine, the stem of an 
 orchid, whose dried stalks are likened to hair- 
 pins, and look like liquorice roots. 
 
 th6i 188 The body, the whole person; 
 
 884 13 a solid ; a class ; a body of 
 officers; the important; essentials; becoming; 
 respectable ; influential ; to receive courteously. 
 Bin-th6i ; the human body ; bodily. chut sin 
 16 th6i; chiah sin 16 thoi ; stark naked. cie"- 
 se" m liah th6i-sek ; that is not in good taste. 
 CO mill 6U to tieh tit thoi ; all things must be 
 done decently and in order ; in everything, 
 suitable respect must be paid to persons, thdi- 
 thiap ; to accommodate ; to sympathize with ; 
 to put one's self in another's place. i mih su 
 to thoi-thiap nang ; he is very accommodating 
 in everything, thdi-thong; decorum; what is 
 befitting, chwn b6 kfti thoi-thong ; has no 
 
 sense of propriety. via thoi" i b6 kai sin-se" 
 thoi ; he does not appear to me to have the 
 aspect of a teacher. 
 
 AJ^ thoi 9 Instead, for, in place of; to alter' 
 \ V 845 3 to supersede ; to substitute, 
 no nang sie tau th6i ; the two spell each other 
 at it. u si ua li th6i Id, u si lu li thoi ua; some- 
 times you take my place, and sometimes I take 
 yours. lu th6i i co ; you do it in his stead, 
 cang ci kai thoi hu kfti lai cho ; take this to 
 put it in instead of that. k6 cek k^i thoi-sin ; 
 hire a substitute. ci kai si i kM th6i-sin ; 
 
 this is his substitute, i si th6i nang co su ; he 
 is acting in another's place, kio pat nang th6i 
 phoi° hue-mueh ; buying and selling goods for 
 another person. tbd khu th6i nang si; ask 
 
 the privilege of dying in another's stead. ci 
 k^i kua" si th6i li kai ; this magistrate is 
 acting in place of another, i ta" i ci no me" 
 thia°-ki° kiii td hkm thoi; he says he has 
 heard a bodiless spirit calling him these last 
 two nights to commit suicide. 
 
 — thdi" — 
 th6i° 109 To look at ; to see ; to re- 
 316 4 gard carefully ; aspect, 
 chin mak thoi'-ki"; see with one's own eyes, 
 lu thoi'-ki" m6 ? Do you see it ? khut lia 
 
 th6i°; let me see it. ua li thdi'-m-ki"; I do not 
 see it, hd thoi" cSi ; presenting an admirable 
 appearance. th6i° m cie° m&k ; the sight is 
 
 repulsive. lu th6i° tieh ho a m-hd ? Do you 
 consider it well to do so or not ? thoi' kha 
 
 thdi" chiu ; to stare at one. khut lia thdi" 
 
 phiia lie; I have seen through it; the trick of 
 it has been found out by me. thdi" m chut; 
 cannot perceive it. thdi* tieh i7i pat to jIn ; do 
 not recognize it. i che"-me'', mak-ciu thdi" m 
 ki"; he is blind, and does not see. hien khui 
 li\i thdi"; turn over the leaves and see. thdi" 
 cu ; to read silently. thdi" sie" kili nang ; a 
 physiognomist. i ji ke td sie thdi"; the two 
 
 are looking at each other. i ce thdi" to i mak 
 cu td i chiu ; as soon as he takes a fancy to a 
 thing he has it. i ce thdi" td i mak cu td i 
 
 td ; as soon as it comes within the range of his 
 eye, he takes it into his mind. thdi" khin ; 
 
 look upon with contempt, thdi" tang ; thdi" 
 tdng; regard with respect, cia si cfik ie" thdi" 
 huap ; this is his way of looking at things, 
 thdi" mrig ; watch the house, i thdi" i, i thdi" 
 i ; looking at each other, thdi" kau kong; look 
 till dazed. thdi"-siu sia" mng; guard the city 
 gates. m pat thdi"-ki"; never saw. lu phi" 
 thdi" lid a m-hd ; you examine it by smelling 
 it and see whether it is good. clah thdi" hd 
 m5 ; taste some and see if it is good, chi thdi" 
 jieh bd ; try it and see how good it is. mdng 
 thdi" jieh kut ; feel and see how smooth it is. 
 thdi" m bin ; do not see clearly. 
 
 — thoih — 
 thoih 140 To bolster up. 
 7^^ 973 14 thoih kiu ne nng-nng; 
 bolster it up very carefully, hu e tieh u miieh 
 thoih, cia" b5i tia"-ciiang tio; there must be 
 something soft put under it, then it will not 
 be broken by a thump. h6 e thoih ko te-tien 
 si chiu-kue-phiie ; the mat which is under the 
 tea-pot is a vegetable sponge. 
 
 rt^? thoih 80 To pant, as horses do. 
 H-¥* 854 12 hiabe kia" kau thdih ; the 
 horse pants from fright. 
 
 thoih 37 To gasp, as if in death. 
 _ 1088 6 thd?-ki" thoih-a-thoih, hwn- 
 lio ciah ke ku-a ni ; looked as if gasping his 
 last breath and yet lived for many more years, 
 khiin kau to thoih ; so nearly exhausted that 
 
 i£K 
 
DICTIONARY OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 595 
 
 lie gnsps. i khun-jiak cSi, tii' bo ku fie, cu i6 
 tlioih ; lie is very weak, and gasps if he 
 speaks a word. 
 
 — thok — 
 *jtt^ thok 64 To shove or push upward ; 
 jti 915 3 to bear upward on tlie hands, 
 lung-cheng thok-phu ce cia" oi tit khui ; shove 
 the vertical bar which fastens the door up- 
 ward a little and then you can open the door, 
 tieh u ke cek nang na hu e thok khi ; there 
 Bhould be another person down below pushing 
 it upward. 
 
 — thong — 
 >^^ thong 140 thong-chau ; the Aralia 
 3SL 993 11 papi/rifera, found in For- 
 mosa and Yunnan, whose pith sliced into 
 sheets and ironed out, furnishes the substance 
 wrongly called rice-paper. chting-pha" cu si 
 thong-chau co kai ; pith-paper is made from 
 this herbaceous plant. 
 
 M 
 
 ^tn thong 162 To see clearly; to perceive; 
 ^JiJi 932 7 to make known to others ; 
 to have dealings or political relations with ; to 
 communicate. 
 
 i kai to lai ne thong- thong ; he is very clear- 
 headed, hu khx nang cng kai m thong ; such 
 people do not take in the meaning at all. i 
 
 ciig kai m thong cheng ; he does not at all 
 understand the state of affairs. ci iSi tieh 
 
 khui khut i thong huang ce ; this must be 
 opened to let the air in. phi" sak kin, m 
 
 thong khi; ray nose is stopped up so that I 
 cannot breathe through it. ce phah ka-thi 
 
 khi cu thong 5 as soou as you sneeze the 
 passages will be opened. i no nang si phah 
 
 thong kliu ; the two have an understanding 
 with each other. am-ce" soi" thong pin ; 
 
 secretly came to an understanding with each 
 other beforehand, ua ara-ce" thong lu, lu cia" 
 cai u-pi ; I give you an inkling of it, that you 
 may prepare for it. thong-su ; an interpreter. 
 i CO thong-su ; he is the linguist employed in 
 the transaction of business. thong cheng-co 
 sin-se"; are generally designated as teachers. 
 l6-mng m thong; the way is not open. su 
 
 tieh oi pien thong ; the thing must accom- 
 modate itself to circumstances. thong tak si- 
 cheng ; well versed in affairs. i khu thong- 
 tang i ; he went and informed them. sie 
 thong ; intercommunicating. thong cai ; to 
 notify. 
 
 ^a thong 40 To think much of. 
 nGi 110 16 hu kai si i ciie thong-ai kdi 
 chiap ; that is his favorite concubine. hu lai 
 
 hua" nang cu si ci kiVi slang tit th6ng ; of all 
 those in there this is the one that is most 
 beloved. 
 
 thong 32 A sepnlcher. 
 ^ ... . 107 10 b6i c6k ko tl co ngi-thonff ; 
 buy a piece of land for a potter's ^eld. hu 
 
 loh khii hii toi G khau ko thdng; in digging 
 down we found an old tomb below. mua"-ti 
 kp cng kau kio ngi-thong-po hie°-se"; graves 
 are everywhere as thick as in a public cemetery. 
 
 t^^ th6ng 14 Eminent; honorable. 
 .^V 107 8 thong-cai ; the premier, 
 thong-cai cu si cai-siang ; the premier is tho 
 prime minister. 
 
 jfccC thong 120 Total, entire, general, all 
 /|yL 93G 6 under one head ; to con- 
 trol, to rule. 
 
 thi" e cek thong ; the whole empire is under 
 one sway, ua ai" phah kau kui th6ng ; I wisli 
 to get the monopoly of it. c6ng-t6k thong-sok 
 bun bu ; the governor controls both the 
 civilians and military men. thoi-thong ; one's 
 character. mai° hd th6i-th6ng ; do not 
 
 disgrace yourself. thong-kang u jieh coi? 
 
 What is the sum total ? eiig (i-tiang cp cong- 
 thong ? Whom does he employ as factotum ? 
 po-kun thong-nia ; the commander in chief of 
 the infantry at Peking. 
 
 thong 104 Heart-rending; distressing; 
 93G 7 with energy ; extremely ; 
 painfully. 
 
 thong-khuai; to vent acute feeling until ease 
 of mind results. me"^ khu thong-khuai cai ; 
 
 scolded until he felt perfectly content, ue tk" 
 kau thong-khuai c5i ; talked until she had 
 talked herself out. i f"-keng thong koi cbi'* 
 hui ; he has sincerely repented of his past 
 errors. 
 
 -|-_-| th6ng 117 A youth, a lad, a student; 
 ^A\ 934 7 boyish, youthful ; unde- 
 filed, pure. 
 
 thong-ldm ; a lad under fifteen years old and 
 unmarried, thong-nng ; a virgin, thong-c^ ; 
 a boy. ke-thong ; servants ; young men, hired 
 or bought, or born in the house, sin thong ; a 
 bright lad. ni'n kui kui° khau-ka ii jieh coi 
 
 thong-seng ? How many youths attend the ex- 
 aminations in your district ? i hie"-li chun no 
 kai ISu-thong tia°-tla°; there are only two can- 
 didates for degrees, who have for a long time 
 been such, remaining in their village. cu- 
 
 thong; students. ieh-th6ng; medical students, 
 bun-thong, bu-th6ng ; candidates for degrees, 
 
6oe 
 
 DICTIONAKT OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 civil or military. i ciali kaa lioli liwt tbOng 
 npfvvn ; lie lias a rosy face and hoary hair. i 
 c-ii sbi sm tliong-ccng ; he took vows of chasti- 
 ty in his youth. i hwn-li'o si hSi-thong khi ; 
 lie is still youthful in his feelings. sa°-cap hue 
 kiio si hSi-thong; one is a youth so long as ho 
 is not past thirty. 
 
 B^ th6ng 109 The pupil of the eye. 
 fi 935 12 i kill niak thia" kliu 6i gRi 
 tieh thCng-jin a bSi? lias the inflamation of 
 his e^'e affected the pupil ? i kai th6iig-jiu 
 
 eng kfii bu ; the pupils of his eyes have a cloudy 
 look all over thera. lek ciii kvVn thong-jin ; a 
 cataract has spread over the pupil. i kfti 
 
 ih6ng-jin peh-bu, ciig kai th6i"-r7i-ki"; his pupil 
 is an opaque white, and he cannot see at alk 
 
 ID^III^^ thOng-hwn Streamers; pendant 
 tPI T.dB lie screens; pendant scrolls of 
 silk before a shrine. 
 
 cek sang th6ng-hwn hi°-kau ; a pair of earx'ings 
 of the scroll pattern, 
 
 Irtl thong 30 Alike ; identical ; matched. 
 |HJ 933 8 tai thong sio i ; the differ, 
 cnce is less than the similarity. thdng eti ; 
 
 one born ui the same year. 
 
 ^ 
 
 To understand thoroughly; 
 to see through a subject; 
 
 >J|^ thdng 86 
 llKj 931 
 
 acquainted with, 
 i 10 thong-sek niin-cheng ; ho understands 
 human nature. cia tieh fi thong-sek cia bu 
 
 kai uang lai li ; this must be managed by some 
 one .who understands such business. 
 
 — thp — 
 thp 180 The womb. 
 Jpl 847 5 u thp ; pregnant. siu thp ; 
 to conceive, hi'a le" si siu tho kai le"; that is the 
 way it is with those who arc pregnant, thp loh 
 ilo ; had a miscarriage, tui thp ieh ; ci Ie° leh 
 oituithp; medicine that will produce an abor- 
 tion, tliau thp se° kai kia"; the first-born son. 
 mang-ki" si i lai tslu thp ; dreamed that it took 
 np its abode in her womb. ua° thp ieh, pp 
 
 thp hu ; medicine or charms that will prevent 
 miscarriage, thp-ui ; the placenta, bp thp; an 
 official cap without any button or fringe. thi° 
 e kai {iah-miieh u khi si thp se", u khi si nug 
 Se°, ti khi s! sip se°, ti khi si hue se"; of living 
 creatures under the sun some are viviparous, 
 some are oviparous, some are produced by 
 moisture and some by metamorphosis. naug 
 kio siu si thp se" kai ; men and beasts are 
 viviparous, tp b(5 thp teng cu che°-me"; blind 
 from birth, kuai thp ; a womb that produces 
 monstrosities. 
 
 thd 88 Secure ; safe ; stable ; firm ; at 
 912 4 ea.se; settled; quite; ready; 
 prepared. 
 
 th(5-thiap ; well arranged ; settled ; properly 
 done. tli<5-tang; thd-tng; secure ; evei-ything 
 right, thd-thd taiig-tang; as safe and correct 
 as possible, lu thdi" thp-thg a m thd-tng? Do 
 you consider it all securely settled or not ? If 
 kau thd-thd thiap-thiap ; have attended to it 
 so thoroughly as to leave everything completely 
 arranged. 
 
 ^^f thp; J49 To a.sk for; to seek; to dun. 
 Ft J 871 3 th<5 ce ; to dun for the 
 amount of a debt. thp sio; ask what is due 
 on a bill. i lui thd ieh ; he has come to get 
 
 the medicine that was promised him. ra thd 
 hd ; I won't have it so. in-Qi thd ci" sie-me"; 
 were quarreling because one dunned the other, 
 i ki° thd-tng mueh-kia"; he is going to demand 
 a return of the articles. thd ciah ; ask for 
 
 food, m kio i thd ; does not ask him to repay 
 it. thd ill khi; cannot get him to repay it. 
 
 :J@. thft 162 To retreat; to retire; to 
 /Cmt ^26 6 recede ; to draw back ; to 
 decline; to back out of; to refuse; to excuse; 
 to withdraw; to abate ; to yield ; to give up to ; 
 not to be forwai*d. 
 
 sai bue-nang khu th6chin; sent the go-between 
 to break the betrothal, cm thp liang lang ; to 
 advance or retreat is equally ditficult. i fl cp 
 thp hue a bp ? Does he loan goods to be sold at 
 retail ? b5i m khu kai hue thp tng khii hfti" 
 i ; tho goods that cannot be sold are taken back 
 and returned to him. hai" ci" bp thp po ; do 
 not diminish the price that has once been 
 offered. th6 sok; to shrink, as cloth does iu 
 washing ; to draw in, as a snail into its shell ; 
 to show the white feather. la si liia tin th6- 
 sok ksli cu ai" cam ; any who draw back when 
 face to face with the enemy will be beheaded. 
 th6 pia°; to retreat. soi lio cu ai° thp sok ; it 
 will fade when washed. thp p6 ; to retire, to 
 step back. to-thp; to back out, to withdraw. 
 t6-thp kia"; to walk backwards. i kai knn 
 
 leng ngiam cSi, u ciu bo tho ; their military 
 discipline is very strict, they may advance but 
 not I'etreat. cin put leng cin, thp put leng 
 
 thp; can neither advance nor retreat. ai" cm 
 put tit, ^i" thp put ISng ; can move neither one 
 way nor the other, kheng sie" thp cek po mih 
 su tp b6 ; if willing to yield a step there would 
 be no trouble. ieh khut i thp chin ce cia" hd 
 ciah ; let the medicine cool a little and then 
 take it. kam pang tho e khut i thp tio hue- 
 khi ; set it down on the ground and let it cool 
 off. n&ng ce ti ni-hue cii thp se"; as peopl© 
 
DICTIONART OP THK SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 597 
 
 grow older they become less irrascible. i ciah 
 kau cie° iSu-toa, kai se" liwn-h'o boi tho ; be 
 lias lived to sucli ago and yet bis temper is no 
 less quick, .ci cek ie" ieb 6i tbp biie ; this med- 
 iciue will reduce inflammation. i cek sin k&i 
 sie-jiet 6i tbo a bue ? Has bis fever abated yet ? 
 Bie 10 tlip lio ; tbe fever is abating. ci le ieh 
 oi tbo sie ; this medicine diminisbes fever. i 
 bln-kbek tbp kbi h'o ; it bas now lost its odor, 
 i kai lak tbp boh coi ; her strength is much 
 diminished. tboi^-ki" i kai kiu-pia° ce ]k\ cu 
 lak-tbp; when they saw the rescuing force, 
 they retreated. tbp-bue png tin ; withdrew 
 
 into their own ranks. ai° cp ci kia" sQ tieb ii 
 tbp po ; if you are going to do this, you must 
 leave a way of retreat for yourself, buam pu ai° 
 CO tieb phab-sng cin kau <i-kp, tbp kau ll-kp ; 
 in everything that one plans to do, one must 
 make up bis mind to what point be will press 
 forward, and to what point he will yield. la 
 si bp kp h{/ tbp po, su cu bue ho kia°; if there 
 be no opportunity for withdrawal, it is not best 
 to act yet. khut i tbp kfara bob coi ngun ; 
 
 bad the price greatly diminished by him. pia°- 
 be cu thiu-thp; remanded the troops. leng 
 
 tbp ce ; push it back a little. eng tieb m bd i 
 ai° tbp ci"; if in using it I find it is not good, 
 he is to abate tbe price, teng m kau li cie tho ; 
 if it is not full weight, will diminish tbe price 
 accordingly. 
 
 tbp 142 Exuviae, cast off skins. 
 91.3 7 cua tbp, siara tbp, sien tbp ; 
 the cast off skins of snakes or cicadas. 
 
 tbp 75 The peach. 
 
 870 6 phwn tbp; sien- tho; the peach 
 which blossoms and bears fruit once in ten 
 thousand years, and restores the youth of 
 fairies, tbp-hue; a peach blossom, tbp but; 
 peach stones. tbp jin ; the kernel of peach 
 
 stones, tbp-ang-sek ; peach pink, thp-ki liu- 
 ki si eng lai phek sia phek kiii ; peach and 
 willow branches are used for driving out nox- 
 ious influences and demons. kho tho ; the 
 cling-stone peach, peb pfig tho; the free-stone 
 peach. ci liap tho s^ub kah tiam ; this peach 
 is firra-fleshed and sweet. but-tho ; walnuts, 
 tbp-ang cua ; pink paper. tho kiie ; globular 
 cakes. ^ cut-bi-pfig th6 ; balls of glutinous 
 rice. tho ciia"; a small spherical lamp, tho 
 in ; a globular seal. th6 mo"; the down on a 
 peach. 
 
 m 
 
 tbp 164 Rosy. 
 
 912 5 se° lai ne tho-tho ; she bas 
 naturally a high color, i ci hue se° lai cia" si 
 
 tb6.tb6 kai si-bau; she is now in the flush 
 of youth. 
 
 — thph •— 
 jtp thph 64 To uphold on the palm. 
 J Li 915 3 cang chiu kai i thph tia"; 
 take your band and bold it steady, pushing 
 upward, i b6 mih lak, thph m tlo ; she is not 
 very strong, and cannot bold it up over her 
 head. i kai chiu t^ng thph kai tbah ; he 
 
 holds a pagoda on bis palm. i kai lak toa 
 
 c5i, 6i thph 6" ua° thio ; he has great strength, 
 and can support a roof-beam while the pillar 
 below is being replaced. 
 
 ■gl^ thph 149 To charge with ; to com' 
 Hm 915 3 mission; to intrust to ; to 
 engage one to do ; to trust in ; to ask ; ta 
 use as a pretext. 
 
 thoh hok ; I am well, thank you, a contraction 
 of thph lu lau-nang-ke kai hok, I have availed 
 myself of your favor to be happy, thph pi; by 
 your auspices. m-hd thph i ; do not entrust 
 it to him. i lai thph nang-cheng; he baa 
 
 come to ask a favor. ci kai phSng-iu si h(5 
 
 thph chi kia cu kai ; this friend is one to whoso 
 care one might commit his wife and children, 
 tbph-ku m khu ; that will not answer as a 
 pretext, siu nang so thph ; have a commission 
 to attend to. lia u cek haang sin ai° pai thpli 
 lu kia ; I have a letter that I wish to commit 
 to your care, ci'a su lu thoi" hd bii-thph i a m. 
 bp ? Do you think it would be well to entrust 
 this business to him ? thph lu kio ua boi ; 
 
 commission you to buy some for me. hi" thph 
 nang li ; will put it into the hands of some one 
 who will attend to it. i to boi ta° iie lu cp hd 
 thph i ta° ue ; as he is no talker, why do you 
 entrust the negotiation to him. boi hu so 
 
 thph cu hd; if he does not neglect to do what 
 he was charged with all will be well. i si 
 
 thph ko kai tSi chin ; he is a nobleman who 
 might be trusted as tbe guardian of an orphan 
 prince. 
 
 ^i^ thoh 
 
 *©b 911 
 
 Archipelago. 
 
 196 thph-cio ; the ostrich, or 
 5 cassowary of the Indian 
 
 — thu — 
 
 i^ iO thii-thek To loiter, to dawdle, to 
 ;lS^ 875 delay, 
 
 tp 15 teng thu-thek jieb ku, hwn-lio kia" biie 
 kau ; has loitered ever so long on the way, and 
 has not yet arrived. ci cam thu-thek kiii jit, 
 hu cSm tbvi-thek kiii jit ; delayed here a few 
 days and there a few days at different stages of 
 the journey. 
 
698 
 
 DICTIONART OT THE 8WAT0W DIALBCT. 
 
 tliu 60 A footman ; a bondman ; a 
 919 ^ serf; a follower ; a disciple; 
 Bcrvants about an office; low fellows; a ruffian ; 
 futile, vainly ; only ; barely ; the punishment 
 of transportation. 
 
 mng-thu ; disciples. thu-tl ; an appentice, 
 
 follower, or pupil. tl ho" li fdi kfii Ifing 
 
 kau-thu lai hue-h6k da ; whether it be so or 
 not, send one of your pupils to bring me a 
 response. bu khf n^ng si bo n&i cu thu, mai" 
 thia" i ; those people are low fellows, pay no 
 heed to them, m^i" i6 thu lau b6 iah ; do not 
 waste your labor, getting no advantage there- 
 from, thii ke bo eng ; more will be useless, 
 thu ^i° c5 hd, co m tleh hnap la b5 eng ; it is 
 vain to wish to do well if you do not act 
 according to rule. thti-hiii kang-lak ; waste 
 your labor. lia th6i" si thu-jien k&i ; I con- 
 sider it all to no purpose. pwn-thG ; a rascal, 
 kua" phoi" i cp thft cQe ; the magistrate found 
 bis crime to be one that is punished by banish- 
 ment, i thA sa" nl Ho cu tng Ifti ; after three 
 years banishment he returned. cue si eng- 
 
 kai liu, khut i sai eng co thu ; his crime was 
 one for which he should have been sentenced 
 to perpetual banishment, but by bribery he 
 got it commuted to temporary banishment. 
 
 thu 9^ To lay up for need } to be 
 
 93 16 second to. 
 i k&i bi-chek thu-cek kan coi cSi ; he has a 
 great quantity of grain stored up. thai-cii 
 
 cheng-hu co thfi kun ; the crown prince is 
 called the heir-apparent. 
 
 thu 81 A plan, drawing, diagram or 
 918 11 chart; to delineate, to sketch 
 an outline ; to scheme, fo plot, to intrigue ; to 
 reckon on ; to remove; to estimate, to calculate; 
 to wish or try for ; forethought, care, 
 f ham-thu ; to earnestly wish for ; greedy, cek 
 n^ng si tham-thxi khua"-uah, cek nang si tham- 
 thu thang ci°; the one coveted ease and the 
 other coveted gain. Q nang si thu mia", u 
 
 nfing si thu 11, m tang; some strive for fame, 
 and some for profit, all ai'e not alike. i {6 
 
 thu sim-mueh ? What is she trying to gain ? 
 kau ce cu-bwn cu lang thu; when it has widely 
 ramified it will be difficult to extirpate. ci 
 
 kai kia".ti lu thoi" ii thu a bo ? Do you think 
 that this boy is one to be reckoned upon as 
 likely to improve the fortunes of the family ? 
 hu kai sui-si b6 thu, ci kai toa-toa Q thu ; 
 although that one may not be counted upon as 
 having an important future, yet this one may 
 be. i ta" toa°-toa" thu cf kai kfa" e-jit pa-lak 
 6i h<5 tia°, pat kai kia° li mien thu ; she now 
 
 reckons only upon this son as being likely to 
 benefit her in the future, and does not calculate 
 upon the other sons at all. thu thoi" 6i tit 
 
 me ; try for it and see if you can gain it. kai 
 kia" hd thu co kua", kfti kia" h<5 thu hwt chai ; 
 may reckon upon one son's being an official, 
 and upon the other one's becoming rich. lia 
 ai" knah k&i thu-su )u ; I wish to have a seal 
 for my personal use carved. thii ciang ; a 
 
 motto on a seal, ta" cii tiii-tui thii tieh ; have 
 now got just what 1 desired. 
 
 thii 82 To daub, to besmear; dull, 
 
 918 10 pig-headed, 
 hu-thii ; inapt, unready, blundering. hu khi 
 n&ng si hii-hii thii-thii kai nang ; those people 
 are perfect dunderheads. thu ci" buah hiin; 
 use cosmetics. 
 
 thii 140 A bitter herb, containing a 
 1^ 919 7 whitish juice, 
 nin ceng iS thu-mi"-hue a bo? Have you yellow 
 roses in your garden ? sin-thu, ut-lui ; the 
 
 names of two brothers now deified and wor- 
 shipped as the warders of doorways. 
 
 — thua' — 
 
 thua" 85 Rapids made by a stream 
 854 19 rushing through a pass, or 
 over a rocky descent. 
 
 kue thua'; pass the rapids, cle" thua' koi a si 
 loh thua' koi ? Which is the easier, the ascent 
 on the descent of the rapids ? ci kfii thua" 
 
 hiam cSi ; these rapids are very dangerous, 
 thua" kai ciii li kia, iu sa-sa, ceng-ceng cieh, 
 ku-chu kue thua' kai si-hilu nfmg-n&ng kia"; 
 the rapids are steep, and full of projecting 
 rocks, so that in passing them every one is iu 
 dread. 
 
 thua" 64 To rate ; to apportion ; io 
 854 19 divide amongst; to allot 
 proportionally ; to assess ; to rate according to 
 a proportion. 
 
 nguu li cie thua" phai ; pay according to the 
 assessment. cie°-se" thua' hia b6 ci" hue cii 
 kang-kho ; if the amount to be made up is 
 apportioned in that way then it will be dis- 
 tressful to those who are poor. i td khui 
 thua" siet to; he keeps a gambling hall, n&ng 
 li khu teh i kai thua"; people go and put down 
 stakes, betting on something he holds. hua' 
 nang td piiah thua"; they are all raffling for it. 
 kua"-hu huang tlo i kai thua"-kwn; the 
 magistrate shut up his gambling house, leng 
 tlo i kai thua'-chng ; upset the counter on 
 which the stakes were laid. i td me" thua* 
 khut nang teh ; be holds the stakes for those 
 
DICTIONARY OF THB 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 fi99 
 
 who bet. liah i kai tbua"-kua"; seized the one 
 who held the stakes. in hiia" nang thua" 
 
 pue i ; they all indemnified him by assessing 
 themselves. ai" co kiii hun lai thua"? What 
 is to be the rate of the assessment ? phb iSi 
 kai hue-mueh li chia" thua"; they are taking 
 an inventory of the goods in the shop in order 
 to pay creditors proportionally. ciu hang lS.i 
 kai hue thua"-lisu° nang ; pay people their 
 shares according to the amount of goods in 
 the warehouse. hai" i ce-cu hue khu thua"; 
 let the creditors divide it among themselves 
 according to the amount due each. cie°-Be° 
 rn cai thua" u ngo sla" ci" hai" nang a bo ; do 
 not know whether there will be enough to pay 
 fifty per cent or not. chi'e" thua" tie"; seize 
 
 the gambling hall with all the gamblers in it. 
 CO kui hun thua"; allot the shares, thua" sio ; 
 divide the amount to be paid proportionally. 
 
 thiia" 127 To root out weeds or grass 
 1142 4 from fields; to remove 
 
 harmful plants. 
 
 thua" chau ; to root up weeds. 
 
 thua" 86 Coal. 
 
 857 5 hue-thiia"; charcoal. tho- 
 thua"; mineral coal. bue-tlma"; hard coal, 
 
 figng-thua"; pha"-tliua"; coal made fi'om fir or 
 pine, thih-tlma"; anthracite. hiie-thiia" wn ; 
 charcoal balls. thiia" hu ; coal dust. hue- 
 thiia" chili ; charcoal in small fragments. ta" 
 kim-hue toa-thua" lai sie ho; brought some 
 brass flowers set in a large lump of coal as a 
 congratulatory offering. cha thua"; fuel, 
 
 sie thua"; to burn coal. thiia" phue; the 
 
 outside of a stick of charcoal. thua" than ; 
 
 charred wood; charcoal that is not thoroughly 
 burned. thiia" lam ; coal baskets. toi" 
 
 thvia"; ka-ci thiia"; charcoal made from hard 
 wood. thiia" khau ; thiia" kia"; charcoal 
 
 made from small sticks. thiia" ie ; charcoal 
 pits. sie thua" kai nang ; charcoal burners, 
 thiia" me"; sparks from charcoal. 
 
 — thuah — 
 thuah 94 An otter. 
 844 16 ci tio nia si thuah -phue 
 kai ; this collar is of otter's fur. ci kai ti kai 
 thuah kSu cSi ; there are very many otters in 
 this pool. e-e th6i"-ki" thuah loh ti khu ciah 
 hu ; have time after time seen otters going into 
 the pool to get fish, hai-thuah ; sea otters. 
 
 — thue — 
 
 thne 181 Broken down ; rained. 
 925 7 hi'a chii lia thoi" tleh cng 
 khuang-kbnang thne-thne ; I see that 
 
 that house is tumbling down. cie"-si kai nang 
 ciig kai thue-thue toa°-toa"; ho is much brokeu 
 down in health of late, au-ku, cng kai thue ; 
 decayed from age, and all fallen in. 
 
 thiie 86 Pulpy, soft. 
 
 503 17 pii kh.u thue-thue; cook it 
 till it is very soft. c6k sin khut i phah kku 
 thiie-thiie ; she was beaten almost to a jelly by 
 him. au kau uu thue-thiie khu ; rotted to a 
 pulp. 
 
 >J§S thue 
 ♦JBll 975 
 
 104 A boil. 
 
 15 se° thiie ; have a boil. c§k 
 iiap toa thAe ; a large boil. phA cek Hap th&e 
 kia"; had a little boil come out there. thilo 
 
 m^k-kia"; a tiny boil, thia" kue thue ; as sore 
 as a boil. 
 
 — thuh — 
 
 4;^ thiih 64 To punch a hole through 
 
 ^^ 67 6 paper. 
 
 pe" theng ciia ce thuh phiia Isik kai n&ng ne 
 
 ngien-ngien ; if you stick your finger through 
 
 the paper and break it, you will disclose the 
 
 puppets. 
 
 — thui — 
 
 thui 75 A ladder ; movable steps ; 
 
 882 7 stairs, 
 loh lau-thui ; descend the stairs from the 
 upper storey, lia tie" thui to chie" ko ; lean a 
 ladder against a wall. peh tiii thui teng khf 
 khu ; mount up by a ladder, ci tie" thui khah 
 kia ; the ladder is too steep. thui keh ; the 
 divisions of a ladder, thui ci; the rungs of a 
 ladder. u jit kau ci, thui cp ce loh ; some 
 
 day the rung will come out and he will fall, 
 ladder and all. i si pua" thui chut khu ; he 
 traversed it and went out by means of ladders, 
 cie" to- thui ; ascend a ladder of knives, as 
 demoniacs do. tek-thui ; a bamboo ladder, 
 
 hun thui ; a long light ladder made for scaling 
 high walls in a siege, soh thui ; a rope ladder, 
 ka -na thui ; a ladder used in gathering olives, 
 thui-hue"; the hand-rail of a flight of stairs, 
 ta" tie* thui ; carry a ladder. 
 
 thui 64 To shirk ; to evade. 
 
 926 8 thui pang pat nang sin teng ; 
 shirk it upon some one else, thui tio ceh-sSng; 
 shirk the responsibility. thui cp m cai ; ex- 
 cused himself by pretending he did not know, 
 thui tio, m in-tap ; declined to answer. thui 
 lii ; to shirk one's duty. 
 
 thiii no The thigh, the ham, the leg. 
 
 926 10 tu-thui; a ham. ikaikha- 
 thui toa ki cSi ; he has very stout legs. phah 
 tieh i klii &u-thui ; hit him on his hind leg. 
 
600 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THB SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 hue thiii ; smoked hams, cifc-thui ; salt hams, 
 kia" lio kha-thiii sng cfti ; my legs ache from 
 walking. thiii than thia"; ray thighs ache, 
 
 thui sim n&k ; meat from near the ham bone. 
 i° thui ; a round of ham. ph5 to kha-thui k5 
 CO ; took him on her lap. 
 
 4*6 thui 75 A mallet, a beetle, a blud- 
 ^^Qi 102 10 geon, a beater, a club, 
 khieh ki Idi-thfii lai lui ; take a drumstick and 
 drum on it. cf bu ko-thui khah toa ; this pair 
 of drumsticks is too large. kha kau thvli ; a 
 cane, tang-16 th6i ; a stick for beating a gong, 
 sai thui ; wield a bludgeon. i kfti thAi hue 
 
 mong-iai ho th6i°; he brandishes his club very 
 gracefully, ci k&i thui khah toa, m kah khfi ; 
 this pestle is too largo aud does not fit the 
 mortar. 
 
 thiii 167 A mallet ; a hammer. 
 
 102 10 thih thAi ; iron hammers, 
 tftng thiii ; brass hammers, phah thih thui ; a 
 sledge-hammer. lui khong thui ; a gilded 
 
 hammer, carried in processions. 
 
 ^E^ thui 167 The weight on a steelyard 
 33C 102 8 or in a clock, 
 cha chin-thui ; a wooden weight on a steelyard 
 bar. chin-thui m kah chin j the weight does 
 not fit the steelyard. 
 
 Ti^fT tliui 112 To sag ; to cause to sag. 
 VBc 101 8 cang cieh lAi thui; put a 
 stone in it to make it sag. kho ka lai khah 
 
 thui t6 ; the trowsers are too baggy, si" thui ; 
 an ornament depending from the sheath of a 
 fan. wki" thui khah tSng ; do not make it sag 
 too much, by putting in too heavy a weight, 
 in thui ; leaden weights suspended on a thing, 
 to hold it down. thui ke ko thih ; attach an- 
 other piece of iron to it to hold it down. 
 
 — thuu — 
 
 thun 30 To swallow ; to swallow up. 
 
 029 4 khah 10a kp thun ra loh ; 
 it is so large I cannot swallow it. i si thun 
 kim si kh^ ; he killed himself by swallowing 
 gold-leaf. CO toa chiii thun loh khu ; swallow 
 it down at one gulp. pua" thun pua° tho ; 
 
 told one half and kept back the rest. cek e 
 
 thun m-Q.eh S,u.leng cil thia"; whenever I swal- 
 low anything it hurts my throat. kam tia°, 
 mai° thun loh khu ; hold it in your mouth but 
 do not swallow it. i si ai" thun ciah i ; 
 
 he is going to devour it. cie°-se° hue la kh^t 
 i thun khu ; there is not enough to satisfy his 
 rapacity, mien un oho, ka-uug thun ; swallow 
 
 it whole, without dipping it in vinegar. hia 
 cu-cheh co-ni chip, chip kau un cho ho thun ; 
 tiiat book is so dog-eared thau you might dip 
 it in vinegar and swallow it. i jira khi tlmn 
 sia" ku lio ; ho has silently endured obloquy a 
 long time. th6i° tieh 1(5 thun nCla"; seeing it 
 makes his mouth water, kak kok to sie thun- 
 pia", toa li thun-pia° soi, khiang li thuu-pia" 
 jiak ; the different states seize u{K)n and 
 swallow up each other, the great swallow up tho 
 small, and the strong the weak. i liiu kau 
 
 c6k chili huoh cQ thun Idh khu; he endured 
 till the limit of endurance was reached, thun 
 lio k^" td ftu-lSug ; stuck in his throat as ho 
 swallowed it. khut i hio-thun Q n5 peh ngua 
 khii ; lost two haudred dollars through him. 
 
 >tU thftn-cien Unable to go on; baffled. 
 ^XSi 103 cia sng si i kai mIa"-Qu 
 thiin-cien ; this is surely an adverse fate. 
 
 ■ffj thdn 45 The beginning of growth ; 
 'C^ 929 1 to collect together; to bring 
 under one control ; a place where soldiers live; 
 a resident camp. 
 
 mdng k6 thiiu fi pia" m5 ? Are there any 
 soldiers colonized in that place ? kak elm k&i 
 io-khau to thAn fi pia'-be t<5-k6 ; the important 
 passes everywhere have a resident military 
 force there. liA kp kfti pia" thiin Q jieh c5i ? 
 How many military colonists are settled there? 
 cia ch&ng soi"-cd si thiin chSng ; these fields 
 were formerly alloted to resident soldiers who 
 tilled them, thiin chilng sd lap kSi nie kie.c6 
 thiin CO ; the revenue received from the tax on 
 land tilled by resident troops is called the 
 rent from such land. hai-ie° kiii ii kai thiin. 
 p&ng, si cwn li thun-co kai su; the Hai le 
 district yamun has a department who.se sole 
 business is the rental of fields alloted to res- 
 ident troops. 
 
 thiin 86 The soot or cinders from 
 
 585 ^9 fire, 
 tia" khieh khu kueh tio hue-thiin; take the 
 kettle and go and scrape off the soot, in-taug 
 kai hue-thiin kSu cSi ; the chimney is thick 
 with soot. 
 
 •\^ than 32 To fill with earth ; to level 
 »H^ 898 10 the earth by filling holes, 
 thun tho ; to fill in with mud. ci kai khut ai" 
 thun kau pe"; will fill this pit and make it level. 
 hai-phia° than cp ti ; make land by filling in a 
 portion of mud flat. cia ce° bp eng, tieh than 
 tlo lio leng-aa" liu kai ; this well is of no use, 
 we must till it up and dig another. tho la m 
 ta° tio cii ui thun-sak tieh kau-l6 ; if you do 
 
DICTIONIRT OP THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 001 
 
 not carry away tliis earth there is danger that 
 it will fill Tip and obstrnct the drain. thun 
 
 kka i nma^-muu" khi lai ; fill it in qnite to the 
 top. eang cieh lai thun j fill it in with stonea. 
 
 — thut — 
 thnt 130 To slip out of; to escape 
 914 7 from ; to leave. 
 
 i kia"-ui thnt sin m li ; he fears he cannot get 
 away, cSu-hiie thut-li ci kai lang; fortunately 
 escaped this trouble. bo ko hd chut-thut; 
 
 have no way of getting out of it. i si gng 
 
 kim-sien thut kliak kAi koi-cheh ; he is using 
 the same device as that by which the spotted 
 cicada gets rid of its skin ; his plan is to leave 
 altogether. i ci hue sit-cSi bo chut bo thut ; 
 there is now really no escape for him. cp chut 
 \hi thut s6k cS,i ; is much above the common 
 run in its style. thut tio kut ; take out the 
 
 bones. tieh pu kau i kai kut ka-ki thut chut 
 lai ; boil it till its bones drop out of them- 
 selves. S,u-lai i kai chin kliut i thnt khu ; 
 afterward the betrothal was broken by them. 
 
 thut 203 To degrade, to dismiss from 
 98 5 office, 
 thut-thek ; to degrade the inefficient. khau 
 kau ci bue m cai u sim-mih thut-thek a bo ; 
 do not know whether any will be placed in 
 other grades after the examination is over. 
 
 — thu — 
 
 thu 112 To polish or grate by rub- 
 602 11 bing on a rough surface. 
 
 thu hun-kuah ; grate sweet potatoes for starch. 
 
 li-li thu, li-li thu ; scrub hard and continuously. 
 
 — thwn — 
 
 JiiS thvvn 9^ To promulgate ; to transfer; 
 1^^ 119 11 to transmit; to propagate, 
 thwn ka; to promulgate doctrines, thvvn tau; 
 to preach. thvvn siu ; to perpetuate. thwn 
 buu ; tradition. thvvn sueh ; a report, thwn 
 ue ; a legend. thvvn ceng ; to propagate seed. 
 CO thvvn kai ; handed down from ancestors, pi 
 thwn k&i huap; a recipe pivately handed down, 
 thwn leng ; to transmit orders. thwn ui ; to 
 transmit the throne. thwn ui khut a-ti tieh, 
 a si thwn khut ki'a" tieh ? Was the throne 
 transmitted to a younger brother, or to a son ? 
 thwn ke-pp ; an heirloom, thvvn sin ; transfer 
 the expression. thwn kau ta° jieh coi to ? 
 
 Through how many generations has it been 
 handed down ? khut i thwn ta" khu ; was 
 
 erroneously transmitted by him. cek n&ng 
 
 thvvn hu, peh nang thwn sit; what one man 
 tells falsely a hundred repeat as the truth. 
 c6k nang thwn kue cek nang ; passed on from 
 
 one person to another, cgk chfu thwn kue c6k 
 chfu; sent on from hand to hand, do" to thwn 
 Iph e to ; handed down from former genera- 
 tions, thvvn keng a-piin ; a court crier. tt 
 thwn, b6 thwn ; has or has not been reported. 
 
 thwn 81 Round, globular ; to environ ; 
 
 938 11 to surround, 
 ke iSi c6k thwn hua-khi; the family is alto- 
 gether harmonious, having all interests in 
 common. thwn-thwn ui cu ; hemmed in on 
 
 all sides, thwn-thwn-i"; sphei'ical. i si cheng 
 thwn-l§ng kai p6-h6k ; he wears a robe having 
 a coiled dragon embroidered on the breast and 
 back, thwu-hu ; a turtle. 
 
 thwn 119 Dumplings or doughnuts. 
 938 11 cut bi thwn ; dumplings 
 made of glutinous rice. tiam thwn ; sweet 
 
 dumplings, chai thwn ; dumplings with force- 
 meat inside. 
 
 XL 
 
 tti^ u 30 To breath out ; to call out. 
 *'J 221 5 u huang, hvVn h5 ; call for 
 wind and I'ain as jugglers do. coi" u, Su iong; 
 those going before halloo, and those behind 
 crowd up. cek u cek khip ; one exhalation 
 
 and one inhalation of the breath. u u toah 
 toah ; hallooing, u ham ; to bawl at. u hvVn; 
 to yell at rudely. cSk u c6k khip m8h lai 
 
 kiii ci ? How many beats of the pulse to each 
 breath ? 
 
 rj^^ u 30 An interjection expressing 
 '^ J 228 3 aversion or grief. 
 hwn-]p kau chiang-u tp-thang ; so distressed 
 in mind that he sighs and moans. 
 
 vJtfc u 162 Vague, vast, distant, wide. 
 "XLt 1118 8 raai" ta" kau hie" u-khuah ; 
 do not speak so vaguely, cia su khah u-khuah, 
 oh seng ; this is too indefinite a thing, and 
 will be difficult to bring to pass. khua°-khua° 
 long, khua°-khua° u-khuah ; it grows gradually 
 less exact and clear as I continue to work at it. 
 u-u khuah-khuah ; not perspicuous in meaning 
 or intention ; not clearly defined. 
 
 p1>^ u 86 Not reduced to order ; pro- 
 A*\/ 1058 6 miscuous. 
 ci'a si u-hah cu ceng ; these are a set of lawless 
 fellows ; roughs and vagabonds. u u ; none ; 
 all gone ; nought. kui cp u ii ; it was an en- 
 tire loss ; it brought in nothing. kui c6 u u 
 khu lio ; it has all come to nought. 
 
 ^Ill u 85 Foul, filthy, impure ; to de- 
 
 -i J 1058 3 file; to stain. 
 
 u-ue i k^ mia"-sek ; stain his reputation. c§k 
 
602 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE BWXTOW DIALICT. 
 
 koi' n-n iie-ue; the whole place is filthy, khut 
 i n-ue iieh ; contaminated by him. tham koa" 
 u li to tSeh tfi tlo ; must get rid of covetous of- 
 ficials and their system of spoils. 
 
 80 An exclamation of regret. 
 10 n hu ai cai ; alas ; ah, woe 
 
 K^ 1068 
 the day. 
 
 11 124 Wings ; plumes ; made of 
 1124 or having feathers ; feath- 
 ered ; cloth having a rough surface ; flying, 
 u-se ; camlet. u-m6''; plush, ti-po ; bunting, 
 u-jio ; fine thick camlet. li-tiu ; bombasin. 
 
 siu-b^a lai co u-fik ; gather up to form pinions ; 
 take as a powerful helper. kku. i kai u-ck cS 
 Bcng cu oh tii ; when his wings are formed it 
 will be difficult to drive him out. i hln- 
 
 khek u-ek kku khuah cSi ; he now has wide 
 influence. 
 
 f-^L A. ^ 12 Wide* vast, reaching every- 
 J 1126 8 where ; the canopy of heav- 
 en ; the countenance ; to cover, to shelter, to 
 brood over; to regard. 
 
 li-tiu kang m-hd khueh ci kul t5-H ; none in the 
 universe in any age should lack this doctrine, 
 i se" \hi kai khi u put huam ; his talents and 
 his countenance are uncommon, thph tS nang 
 kai li e ; is under the protection of some per- 
 son, to m6ng jin li phi-im ; J am greatly in- 
 debted for your humane protection ; — a polite 
 phrase used in expressing thanks for hospitality 
 or for favors. 
 
 li 173 Showers. 
 
 1124 kok-ii ; the second festival 
 
 in the third month of the year about the time 
 for planting the early rice crop. li-sui ; the 
 
 second festival of the first month of the year. 
 
 li 114 The reputed founder of the 
 1126 4 Hia dynasty, who reigned at 
 Ping-yang-fu in Shansi ; in epitaphs, one who 
 receives a kingdom and perfects its work. 
 8un-ti sai li-ti khu ti ang-ciii ; Sun sent Yu to 
 regulate the waters of the flood. u-ti ti cui, 
 ti poih nS cu sSng kong ; the emperor Yu 
 undertook to regulate the waters, and after 
 eight years labor upon them accomplished the 
 the work. li-u-nie ; concretions of brown 
 
 haematite, supposed to be petrified crumbs 
 from Yu'a table. 
 
 u 61 To loathe, to abhor. 
 SUJ\ 1063 8 khd-u ; hateful, siu u ; sen- 
 sitive, ceng u pit chak ; what all abhor, is 
 something that must be inquired into. hQam 
 
 ceng u ; loathed by all. han" sien u ak ; loved 
 righteousness and hated iniquity. 
 
 Te. " 32 A low wall tlu'own up for 
 "^Jn^ 1061 10 defense ; a bank, 
 cun u ; a breakwater. hai-ki" coh kai u ho 
 chang ia"; made an intrenchment on the shore, 
 and established their camp. eng tiii kluo- 
 
 bue 11 kp kiie a mfn ? Need we pass the outer 
 defenses on not P 
 
 R ii 38 Joy, pleasure ; to amuse ; to 
 1122 7 divert. 
 cJe"-se° cu kau ho ciS Q ; thus one has the 
 means of enjoying himself. hi chsii u chin ; 
 sported about dressed in gay colors, for the 
 purp>ose of diverting his parents. cong jit to 
 si h\vn-u hi-Iak; amusements and pleasure 
 throughout the day. 
 
 jtrft^ u 64 ci'-u ; a support or pillar 
 J pi 1060 7 out of the perpendicular; to 
 equivocate; to prevaricate. i kfti ue ta° l&i 
 ci -ci" u-u; what he said was wholly equivocal, 
 lia thia" i kfii Oe si td ci"-u kfti vie ; I consider 
 his language such as is used merely to stave 
 off further inquiry. 
 
 Ark 74 To have ; to be in possession 
 1^ 1113 2 of ; to exist; yes ; it is so. 
 u me ? Is thei"0 any ? lii Q a bo ? Have you 
 any or not ? u ^u ; has business on hand. G 
 a ; has some. ci kp Q ; there are some here, 
 u hSng; to a limited amount. u sio-bak ho 
 thp ; has bills to collect. so u kai hue-mueh ; 
 whatever goods you have, bp so put Q ; there 
 is nothing that he has not got. u Qe ai" kang 
 lu ta°; have something I want to say to you. 
 Q sim ; considerate, ta" 14i u ch6ng u li ; what 
 he says is reasonable. ci'a h6 lang cu u n6 ? 
 
 What difficulty is there about it ? pu u kai 
 nang ; a man of means. u cl" u ngun cu oi 
 
 tit c6 ; with money, it can be done. u tek u 
 heng ; is virtuous and upright. lu th6i° i G 
 cue a bp ? Do you think him guilty or not P i 
 u ti-hui ; he is wise. i lai si Q i ; there is a 
 a significance in his coming, u i u su ; it has 
 a meaning. u cu ta" u, bp cu ta" bp ; if there 
 is any say so, and if there is none say so. u 
 to me ? Was it there ? cin khi so ii 16ng-c6ng 
 h&i°; give all that I have, ii tit, u sit ; some 
 succeeded and some failed, u ia", u su ; some 
 won and some lost, fi nang to a b6 ? Is any- 
 one there ? u sim much ? What have you got ? 
 What is the matter ? m si u pe"; she is not 
 sick. i ii pe'; he is sick. m cai i ii a bo ; 
 do not know whether he has any or not. i t^" 
 Q ; he says he has. 
 
DICTIOXART OF THI SWJLTOVT DIALECT. 
 
 603 
 
 — ua — 
 na 88 Pretty children ; little folks. 
 1036 6 nng ua-ua ; pretty little 
 girls. sfo ua-ua ; little children. tag khii 
 chii pho ua-ua; returned to the enjoyment of 
 domestic life. 
 
 ua 142 A green, striped frog. 
 1036 6 phi-jQ CO ce' tdi ua ; like a 
 frog that lives in a well. 
 
 tia 62 I, the speaker ; me ; my. 
 
 627 8 ua to 01 ; here I am. to via 
 
 ko ; at my house ; in my keeping, i khiam ua 
 kai ; he owes me. cia si ua-k&i ; this is mine, 
 ua bo ; I have none. ua u ; I have some, 
 
 tieh iiai" lia ; must give it back to me. tia ka- 
 ki ai°; I want it myself. ua kvSa Id co-pft 
 
 khu; I will go with you. i m hau° pun ua; 
 he is unwilling to give it to me. to lu lia ko 
 Bng sim-mih sio? Of what account is that 
 between you and me ? ua bo chap i ; I do not 
 associate with him. <ia kio lu ta°; I will tell 
 you. khieh lai lia thoi"; bring it and let me 
 see it. lu thia" ua kai ue ; you heed what I 
 say. i m chai ua ; he pays no attention to me. 
 lia sieh i, i to bo ai-sieh ua ; I am kind to him, 
 but he cares nothing for me. kio ua bo kang- 
 siap ; u lia bo tai ; it is nothing to me. i bo ta 
 lia ua ; he has nothing to do with my affairs, 
 eh co-ni, ua to ai" khu ; whatever happens, I 
 am going, hau ua phah-sng ; wait till I con- 
 sider the subject, theng ua ; wait for me. i 
 phah lia ; he struck me. i co-ni phah ua sai 
 khu kai nang? Why did he beat my mes- 
 senger ? 
 
 A^\ ua 9 To lean on ; to recline upon ; 
 IPj 279 8 to rely on ; to act as a support ; 
 to use as a fulcrum. 
 
 ua to kau-i"; recline upon a chair. hd ua ie ; 
 lean the back against it. i si 6a-ko ti-tiang? 
 Whom does he rely upon ? b6 nang hd lia- 
 ko ; there is no one to depend upon. chwn 
 t(5 lia-ciang i ; depend wholly upon him. ua 
 td lang-kang ko cp ; reclining against the 
 balustrade. i ce ua phiu cu puah loh khu; 
 
 while leaning, he slid off and fell. ua kau 
 
 khiang-khiang ; lean firmly against. ci ki 
 
 mueh chfa" via pang ko; please leave this lying 
 here. lu m tieh ua pang hu pi°, cia" boi 
 
 kue tieh 16 ; you should lean it up on that 
 side, then it will not encumber the road. 
 CO tie" lid ua kai tng-i"; make a reclining chair. 
 \^ mai" oi-oi lia-ua; do not lounge around. hia° 
 ti ki'a", sie tia ka-ciah cia° oi tit seng ke ; 
 brothers must stand back to back supporting 
 
 each other, then they will form a household, 
 ua i kai si ; rely on his influence, bo si b6 ua; 
 no power to depend upon. 
 
 Ant ^a- ? Whereby ; wherefore. 
 I KJ 215 5 1^ c5i ta ua ua ? How can you 
 control me in the matter ? i bd ta i iia ; he 
 
 has nothing to do with him. lia bd ta i lia ; I 
 have no control over him. kia" kku hu ko bd 
 ta ua ; when we had gone thus far, we could 
 do no more. lia si bo ta ua khu i ko ; I had 
 no other way but to go where he was. bo ta 
 ua cia" tp-tng lai ; had no recourse but to 
 retrace our steps. 
 
 Anf ua 80 An adverb expressive of in- 
 |rj 215 4 tensity. 
 
 jieh ua ; how greatly ; so exceedingly, lia jieh 
 tia sieh lu, jieh ua keng lu; how deeply I have 
 loved you and how greatly I have honored you. 
 cie"-se" jieh ua ho ; how very good that it is so. 
 hie"-8e" jieh ua koi, lu co-ni cie°-se" ? That way 
 being so very easy, why do you do it in this 
 way? 
 
 Qa 62 Much ; very. 
 
 333 9 bo Qa; no great amount, boi 
 chun bo ua"; nearly sold out. eng sin b6 ua ; 
 used up so as to leave but a little. b6 ua kii 
 i ai" lai ; he will arrive before very long, ham 
 i kliu khieh, khieh to bo ua lai ; told him to go 
 and get some, and he brought scarcely any. 
 ti-hng bo via khuah ; the space is not very wide, 
 to ci ko khu bo ua hng; starting from this 
 point it is not very far. 
 
 ry^ ua" 40 Tranquil; to put at ease; how. 
 3^ 620 8 mng ua"; chia" ua°; to salute, 
 thau ua"; stolen leisure. lii ua" sim ; be of 
 
 easy mind, ciah ua°-6i° k&i png ; eat the bread 
 of idleness. ua"-ue i kai sim ; comfort him. 
 ua" hiiu slu ki ; contented with one's lot. ua"- 
 hiang pii-kiii ; enjoy wealth and honor. ua"- 
 ua" 6i"-6i"; quite at leisure, ta" ua" to ? Where 
 now is his comfort ? ua"-ce°; quietly. ua"-ua° 
 ce"-ce"; very quietly. ua" ti pang ti kai ti- 
 
 hng ? Where is the land of rest ? m ua" sim 
 cSi ; of uneasy mind, ua" mng ; set up a door, 
 ua" tiii ; set up a rice pounder. ua" sin ; set 
 up gods, mng lu kai sim ua" a m ua"; inquire 
 of your own heart whether it is at peace. ua" 
 jien b6 iang ; adapted to the circumstances, 
 hap ke ua"-leug ; the whole household is at 
 peace. ua"-ua° un-un ; steadily and quietly. 
 
 ua''-sim, ua°-sira, mien hwn-ld ; be tranquil, 
 there is no occasion for anxiety. ua" ju thai 
 sua"; unmoved as a mountain. ua" eng ci k&i 
 mueh ? How can I make use of this ? ua° cai 
 
604 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THB 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 i b6 eng ? How do you know it is of no use ? 
 ua" cai m si ne ? How do you know it is not ? 
 Ill a b6 ua le, ua° tit cie°-se° ? Where would 
 you have been but for me ? i ch6ng-c6i" a si 
 kheng oh h<5 le, kim-jit ua° 6i cie"-se" ? Had he 
 formerly learned to do well, how could he be as 
 he now is ? 
 
 ua 
 621 
 
 177 A saddle. 
 6 b^ b6 Bia ua", n&ng bd sia 
 
 75 A table on wbiob to lean ; a 
 6 bench, or bar before a judge, 
 
 kah ; the horses did not have their saddles 
 removed, nor did the men lay aside their 
 armor. b6 na° kle khut i c6 tieh khah 6ih ; 
 the saddle is too short for him to sit upon. 
 
 lia' 112 A bowl, a bowlful. 
 ry u 1039 8 pflg iSa"; rice bowls. lia" 
 kia"; small bowls. tia" kong ; a large bowl, 
 thng ua"; soup bowls. jlet ciah 6a'; a bowl 
 
 for hot condiments. tong ua°; a bowl of 
 
 medium size. toa kfii lia"; a very largo bowl. 
 it ua°; a covered tea-cup. t6 sdi ua"; a bowl 
 to rinse tea-cups in, c^k kah tia ; a set of ten 
 bowls. i cek tng ciah kiii ua° png ? How 
 
 many bowls of rice does he eat at one meal ? 
 ca-sin-kua ciah lia" muo°; eat a bowl of congee 
 early in the morning. p6 lia" tIeh 6ng t&ng 
 teng; in mending the bowl, brass clamps must 
 be used, thah ua" thftu ; the tidbit placed on 
 the top of a bowl of rice as a relish. 
 
 i^a' 
 
 622 
 or that which lies on it ; a case in law, an 
 action; an occurrence, event or affair, spoken 
 of judicially ; a sentence, a decision ; to try, or 
 to decide a case. 
 
 i°-keng kak ua" Ho ; the case is closed. tio 
 
 ua^-kwu l&i thoi"; call for the oflBcial records 
 and see. ua° cheng ; the circumstances of a 
 case. cek kia" ua° sim jieh ku ? How long 
 
 has the case been before the court ? ua° in ; 
 the merits of a case. sim ixa"; to try a case, 
 
 mug ua"; cross-question. kia"-jit t\Vu kiii khi 
 ua"; has to-day decided several cases. ua°- 
 
 kim Ho bue Q twu-kak ; the case has been tried, 
 but the verdict is not yet rendered, i khu phua 
 mia"-ua°; he has gone to enter an indictment for 
 murder, phua iia"; to put a case in the hands 
 of a magistrate. kp kau ang-chak ua" e cia" 
 tit ; carried the case up to the court of tlie 
 provincial -judge and there won it. kong iia" 
 chug ; the judge's bench, iia" c6i"; at the bar. 
 leng-ua° hwn ua"; to give a case a rehearing, 
 ku ua"; an old undecided case. b6 than kong- 
 iia"; a case without evidence. ua°-chng kwn 
 kau lih ; beat upon the bench so as to split it, 
 as in great indignation. pai hie"-ua° ngeug- 
 
 cih ; place an altar with censers on it in sign of 
 welcome, ci khue ti-tiang khau ua"-giu ? Who 
 stood first on the list of gi-aduates at this 
 examination ? thwu ua"; summon the parties 
 to court, sie iia", toa iia"; important or unim- 
 portant cases, kia" khong ua"; a case appealed 
 for adjudication at Peking, siang khong ua"; 
 carry a case to a higher court. kheh ua"; a 
 case outside the jurisdiction of this judge. 
 
 iia' 72 Late ; behindhand ; tardy. 
 1089 6 jit ua"; it is late in tlie after- 
 j noon, cji ut iia" cau-khi ; went to bed early 
 I and got up late. kng cie* iia' cia' lai ; came 
 I so late. tang iia" c€ ; wait till a little later. 
 
 tdng tieh khah iia" cu m tang i ; if he is too 
 I tardy we will not wait for him. ca iia' to t5 ; 
 I early and late he is there. ca m l&i, iia" m 
 
 lai, tu-tii cf-hiie cii lai ; did not come earlier 
 
 nor later but jast at this moment. gua kang 
 I hi iia" cio" pe°; for extra performances, the 
 
 curtain rises late. 
 
 i ^ Oa" 72 Drought. 
 
 I "T^ 164 8 thi" Qa"; thi'-si fia"; the weather 
 
 ! is very dry. khang-Qa' cfti; very droughty. 
 
 i iia" khu mua"-tI-ko^bo ciii ; so dry that there 
 
 j is no water anywhere, ku ua" hdng kara ho ; 
 
 a refreshing shower after long drought. Qa" 
 
 thi" to h5 i ; in dry weather infrequently looks 
 
 as if it were going to rain. 
 
 Qa" 61 To exchange ; to change ; to 
 
 249 9 sell; barter, 
 pau lia"; agree to exchange it if it is not good, 
 tdu iia" ci°-ngun ; to exchange money. tiii 
 
 iia"; to interchange. ci no kia" lai tiii iia"; 
 
 exchange these two, the one for the other. i 
 thoi" tieh m-hp, ai" iia" to-tng; he thinks 
 them of inferior quality, and wants to have 
 them taken back, si ai° iia" co ci", a si iia" cp 
 miieh ? Do you want to barter them for 
 money or for goods ? chut mng cu b6 ua"; 
 
 do not take back any goods that have been 
 carried out at the door. naug lai Qa" thiap 
 
 h6 me ? Shall we exchange cards on which 
 our birthdays have beeu written ? ai" ua" 
 
 no ki e"; are going to replace two roof-beams 
 with better ones, i td cp so ua" biie kai seug- 
 H ; his business is that of going about the 
 country exchanging cotton rolls for yarn. 
 
 — uah — 
 y^P iiah 85 Running, bubbling, like water ; 
 ll-t 258 6 living, lively, active; bright, 
 cheerful ; to live ; to vivify ; life ; motion ; the 
 germ of life ; movable ; a living ; livelihood ; 
 occupation ; applied to some drugs to indicate 
 their oflBcacy. 
 
DICTIONAET OP THB 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 606 
 
 m cai i si si a si Aah ; do not know whether he 
 is dead or alive, boi uah ; it will not live, oi 
 liali ; i uah to ko ; it is alive, uah-uah liah IM 
 phah si; take him alive and beat him to death, 
 che" liah ; live and active, hok-uah ; to revive, 
 hwn-viah khi lai ; to come to life again. uah 
 Bin ; a god that takes cognizance of things, 
 uah hut; a living Buddha; a merciful, generous 
 man. si uah jl a si si jl ? Is it a verb or a 
 noun ? ci-kai chi)g-min ai" cp nge kai a uah 
 kai ? Do you the top of the table 6xed to the 
 standard, or made so that it can be taken off ? 
 i khi kan ai° si ai" uah ; he is so angry that he 
 will die rather than yield the point. i cang 
 cam kang t(5 to uah ; she lives by her needle. 
 khua"-uah ; comfortable. uah-tang ; active, 
 lively. tdk-uah ; a kind of angelica root. i 
 cie°-se" ta" si m-ho i-uah kai ; having said that 
 he cannot slip out of it. i si m cai si uah a ! 
 He is unaware that he is in great danger there ! 
 i kai ns'ing uah-phuah cSi ; she is a very bus- 
 tling body. uah nek ; the voluntary muscles, 
 liah cui ci"; current coin, fie kau cu si kai uah 
 kfii ; drawn to the life. ceug-loh cu uah ; it 
 germinates as soon as it is planted. i kai 
 
 mak-sin iiah cS,i ; the expression of her eyes 
 is very vivacious. lie tieh ta" uah, mai° cng 
 kai ta° nge khu ; make your speech somewhat 
 ambiguous and do not put all your statements 
 in such shape that you cannot recede from 
 them. 
 
 m 
 
 — uai — 
 
 uai 64 To scoop out ; to excavate ; 
 
 ^ 1037 6 to gouge out ; to hollow out. 
 
 uai i liap mak chut lai ; gouged out one of his 
 eyes. uai hi"; to dig the wax out of the ears 
 with a little scoop, uai to ; an ear-scoop, uai 
 phi" khang mo°; remove the hairs from the 
 nosti'ils by means of a sharp scoop. uai kau 
 kai khang khuah-khuah ; scooped out a great 
 cavity. ji sia ta", m ho uai p6 ; when a letter 
 is incorrectly writen, one should not dig it out 
 and paste in another. uai tio tho ; scoop out 
 the clay. 
 
 ] xf^ uai 77 Awry, askew ; deflected ; 
 jEL. 1037 5 depraved, 
 i kui sira-tng^uai ; he has a wicked disposition, 
 uai sim uai tng ; a depraved nature. co li'o 
 
 uai-uai chua-chiia ; made all askew. lii si 
 
 nai-chiia kue lai cii si uai-chiia kiie khu, 
 jwn CO, m tit ; if it does not lop over one way 
 it will the other, and I cannot manage in 
 any way to make it stand upright. i kai 
 
 khau ngan 6i uai-sia ; his mouth and eyes are 
 awry. 
 
 B$ ^ai 157 To slip and step on the 
 Jp^ 1057 8 side of the foot ; to sprain, 
 uai tIeh kha ; to sprain one's ankle. kha liai 
 kau boi kia"; has sprained his leg so that ho 
 cannot walk. klah th6 khah kui", kia" lo 
 
 plilh-phih liai ; the supports of my clogs are 
 too high, and when I walk my feet slip. kua 
 6i liai lih khu ; my shoe split, by the turning 
 of my foot, 
 
 — uaih" — 
 
 To alter the course ; change 
 the direction of ; to veer ; 
 
 uaih" 159 
 
 117 11 
 to shift. 
 
 tie" chia uaih" kue W, tie" cbia uaih" kue 
 khu ; one vehicle veered to the right and the 
 other to the left. ai" uaih" tiii cie" p6i° a 
 
 uaih" tiie hie" poi" ? Should it be turned in this 
 direction or in that ? cun uaih" to-tng ; the 
 boat has turned back. toa uaih" chiia kiie 
 
 tang poi"; turn the rudder so as to steer east- 
 ward, toa phau uaih" kue ce, cia" bQ tit tieh ; 
 turn the cannon a little more to one side, then 
 it will hit the mark. i kai keng uaih" kue to 
 chi'u p6i° ia oi sia, uSih" kue c\a° chiu poi" ia 
 oi sia ; he can shift his bow to his left hand 
 and shoot, and then shift it to his right hand 
 and shoot again. 
 
 — nak — 
 
 uak 86 To blaze up ; to flame up. 
 
 269 8 hiie uak-uak jiet ; the fire is 
 blazing hot. cSk to hue uak-uak jiet ; in a 
 
 perfect rage. thfiu-khak uak-uak jiet ; her 
 
 head is blazing hot. uak-uak-kie ; the mutter- 
 ing of flames. 
 
 uak 94 To get, to obtain, to find 
 
 258 14 opportunity, 
 uak cue ; to commit a crime ; to sin, uak cile 
 i thi", bo sd tau ; who sins against Heaven 
 has no place for prayer. uak li ; to make 
 
 money. cie"-si kai seng-li uak lI me ? Has 
 
 your business been profitable lately ? uah hok 
 b6 kiang ; obtain endless bliss. 
 
 — uang — 
 ylir uang 85 uang-iang ; a deep and wide 
 1-L* 1043 4 expanse of water, the open 
 sea. cek mo" uang-uang iang-iang ; nothing 
 but an expanse of water to be seen. si mo" 
 
 uang-iang bo ci ; on all side a boundless ex- 
 panse, kau ci kai si uang-iang tai-hai ; this is 
 mid ocean, lui uang-uang ; floods of tears. 
 
 yp> uang 85 Ample, wide. 
 /I'V 444 9 toa chii toa uang-uang ; a 
 spacious house. i kai chii uang-uang kui" 
 
 toa ; their house is roomy, high and large. 
 
606 
 
 DICTIONART OF THl SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 m 
 
 Jflt uang 75 To force; enforced; a wrong; 
 ^|_ll 1044 T a grievance ; needlessly ; to 
 no purpose. 
 
 liang hui ; to expend vainly, uang-hiii sim ki ; 
 lost all your pains. uang-hui lia eng tio 
 
 toa-bo-mQ.eh ceng-sin ; made me waste a deal 
 of energy. i i6 hkm wn-uang ; she is pro- 
 
 claiming her grievances. uang-khnt ; to 
 
 oppress, to wrong, to cause to suffer unjustly, 
 uang-khut si nftng ; kill people by oppression. 
 b6 uang-khut i ; do not force him into difficul- 
 ties. cie"-8e° boi liang ua c6k tie" kang-hn ; 
 in that way I do not waste ray labor. liang i 
 t6 ai-cle" cp nftng ; it is a pity that he ever was 
 born. liang i ciah kuu cio" ISu ; it is of no 
 nse for him to have lived so long. toa-toa 
 k^i wn-ilang ; severe persecution. 
 
 uang 60 To go, to pass, to go away, 
 1044 6 to depart ; gone, past ; the 
 future. 
 
 i kio lu u uang l&i mO ? Do you and he ox- 
 change visits ? b6 uang lai ; no intercourse 
 with each other. ti uang Ifti ; keeps up a 
 
 friendly acquaintance, uang chiang ; liang jit; 
 constantly ; usually ; formerly. uang-chlang 
 i to si lai lia k6 ; he comes once in a while to 
 my house. uang hwn ; at intervals; to come 
 and go. liang-hwn eng jleh kii ; used it for 
 some time off and on. liang-iiang to si cie°-se°; 
 this happens every little while. uang su hiu" 
 thi ; do not bring up past deeds ; let the past 
 go. cia° sng si f°-uang kai su ; this is some- 
 thing that is already past. ki-iiang put kiu ; 
 there is no help for what is past. i ai" liang 
 khu tl-ko ? Where is he going ? 16i siang 
 
 liang lai ; a constant interchange of courtesies, 
 pheng-si to si lai-lai liang-uang ; they are 
 always coming and going. u lai ii liang ; 
 
 some coming and some going. liang lai ciu- 
 bak cSi ; going and coming with scarcely any 
 interval, uang ni ; former years. liang ni to 
 of hue cu chut u ; in past years they have been 
 in market at this time. liang-si si sim-mih 
 
 kui-ku ? What has the usage been in the past? 
 liang 8e°-sia° si tui ci tio lo ; in going to the 
 provincial city this is the road to take. ai" 
 
 uang tang, a si ai° uang sai ? Are you going 
 eastward or westward ? 
 
 ~ iT liang 96 A king, a ruler ; a title for 
 , I > 1043 monarchs before B. C. 220 ; 
 royal, regal, princely. 
 
 kiin uang; chin uang; princes of the blood, the 
 uncles, brothers and cousins of the emperor, 
 kun-uang; a sovereign. uang-Ia ; Yon r Royal 
 Highness. kok uang ; uang ke ; the king, 
 
 toa uang, jl uang ; the eldest and next to the 
 
 eldest of the princes. sam uang ngo ti ; the 
 three kings and five emperors. hwn uang; 
 
 foreign potentates, phwn uang ; Mongol begs. 
 iSn uang, sin uang ; the late and the new mon- 
 arch. 8oi° uang; the former ruler. hong i 
 cd uang ; raise him to the rank of a prince, 
 ngiara-lo uang; kiii (iang ; the king of hades, 
 sua" tang b6 do mua°-ciak ui uang ; if there 
 were no other birds among the hills the sparrow 
 might be the ruler among birds. uang liuap ; 
 the laws of the land. Gang sia"; capital cities ; 
 cities under imperial control. liang chin kok 
 chek ; blood relations of the monarch. ciu jit 
 to si uang-sun kong-cu hue kh^ thit-tho; the 
 royal children and grandchildren go out daily 
 for recreation. uangmeng; royal commands, 
 uaug leng ; royal orders. uang bo ; a crown, 
 phang-uang; the queen bee. chak ftang; the 
 chief of banditti. uang-kong tai-chin ; the 
 
 royal dukes and great noblemen, pe fiang ; my 
 royal father. {lang hui ; royal concubines, 
 
 uang keng; (iang toi"; uang hii ; royal palaces. 
 hai-l6ng-uang ; the great Sea Dragon. tho 
 
 sua" Aang ; the great man of the place. be 
 
 uang ia ; the god of Horses. c6 uang ui ; sit 
 on the throne. leh t6 k&i ti-uang; the mon- 
 archs during successive reigns. cia" gueh 
 cheng-ro uang gueh ; the first month of the year 
 is called the royal month. 
 
   Jr^ 6ang 201 Yellow, the imperial color. 
 3^\ 252 uang-tSu; the ecliptic, 
 uang-tftu kit jit ; a lucky day in the calendar, 
 uang mng kua"; palace servants. 
 
 ffiE 
 
 liang 72 Rising; prosperous ; to 
 
 1045 4 flourish, 
 chai teng heng-uang ; prosperous both in purse 
 and family, cia" td heng-heng uang-uang, c6- 
 ni hut-jien cu sue-mui" ? When it was prosper- 
 ing finely, how is it that it has suddenly de- 
 clined ? i ci-hue sit-cSi uang-siang cSi ; it is 
 now really flourishing. hiie to iiang kSi si- 
 hau ; when the fii'e is spreading, ci si kai gueh 
 si iiang gueh ; these four months are the best 
 part of the year for business, i ci hue kai ke- 
 Un cia" to iiang kai si-hau ; this is a time when 
 the fortunes of the family are prospering. 
 
 uang 149 To hoax; to delude; to 
 
 479 7 deceive, 
 i si to iiang kai ; he is hoaxing, ngo tieh pat 
 hue cu iiang m kiie chiu ; if he falls in with 
 those who understand such matters, he cannot 
 deceive them by that dodge. cie" jit, i khut 
 i iiang ku-a choi" ngun khu ; the other day 
 he was fooled out of several thousand dollars 
 by him. 
 
DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 607 
 
 ne 86 A pot ; a saucepan. 
 rt%\ 663 "9 tang uo ; a copper skillet. se° 
 ue ; a cast-iron kettle. sua uc ; an unglazed 
 earthen pot. ah-cih ue ; th6 ue ; an earthen 
 saucepan. cek toa ue ciii ; a large kettle of 
 water. hue-thiia" mai" tiara tieh ue ; do not 
 pile the coal so high as to touch the kettle 
 when it is set on. 
 
 ue 116 To shelter thieves. 
 1056 9 ue-ke ; a receiver of stolen 
 goods, or a place where stolen goods are kept, 
 chak ue-ke ; a den of thieves. ko i co ue-ke ; 
 engage him to secrete the booty. 
 
 J^C Tie 140 A term for plants used as 
 jr«| 1057 9 salads, either raw or cooked, 
 ue-chai ; lettuce. 
 
 ^j^V ue 75 To infect ; contagious ; infec- 
 ^^'Tv 286 5 tious ; to vitiate. 
 ci ie° pe" oi ue n^ng kai ; this disease is infec- 
 tious, khut i ue tieh koi ; caught the itch 
 from him. ue-sue i kaimia°-sek; cast a 
 
 Btain upon his reputation, lu td ue-sue hong- 
 Bok ; you are debasing the customs. ue nah- 
 sap ; to soil. 
 
 ue 140 Rank ; luxui-iant. 
 f/S*'4 1055 11 hu ko kai chiu-lim ne ue-ue; 
 the thickets there are very dense. chiu ce 
 
 khah ue cii khi'ong-iii tiam u nio°-h6''; if the 
 trees become too thick there is danger that 
 tigers will conceal themselves therein. i kai 
 chiu ne iie-ue ; his beai'd is very bushy. 
 
 ue 
 
 1056 
 foul smell, 
 place is filthy 
 affair. 
 
 115 Dirty ; vile ; to defile. 
 13 u-ue ; to defile. ue khi ; a 
 cek koi" u-u ue-ue ; the whole 
 u-iie kai su ; a disgraceful 
 
 ^^ ue 61 To sooth, to console, to com- 
 4%iiy 1055 11 fort. 
 
 na°-ue i kai sira ; tranquilize her feelings, 
 khua'-khua" ne ua^-ue i ; gradually bring her 
 to a calmer state. ua°-ua° ue-ue ; to console 
 with a view to producing resignation. 
 
 B4* ue 41 To settle or keep the peace. 
 /3^4 1055 8 i CO pat co kue thai-ue; his 
 grandfather held at one time an ancient office 
 which is now filled by a governor. khia-iie ; 
 hereditary, titular officers, of the fifth and 
 seventh ranks, who are supposed to ride and 
 keep the peace. 
 
 ti& 120 riocculent ; soft ; downy. 
 \\ 693 8 nng 6e-Qe ; cottony. nng 
 
 kau ne ue-ue ; soft and downy. 
 
 aDK, ue 9 a fold ; an increase. 
 I pl 670 8 ke cek ue ; double the amount. 
 ci khi toa u no ue ; this sort is larger by two 
 fold ; it is three times as large, kui" cla° ue ; 
 just twice as high. thang kang ue ; gained a 
 hundred percent. ke cap fi.e ; increase ten 
 
 fold ; make it eleven times as much. 
 
 A\^ fie 24 a half; a large piece of; a 
 ""I 651 3 part of. 
 
 chun cek toa ue ; have the greater part left, 
 lau cek sie ue pkng-k6, cek toa ue khut i; keep 
 a little less than half of it, and let him have 
 rather more than half. pun i cek ue ; gave 
 
 him half. 
 
 ^^tl ue 144 To go with as a protection, 
 1^4 1054 10 or in honor of ; to guard, to 
 defend ; an outpost ; a military station, kio i 
 boi no ap tie se" i"; bought two boxes of life 
 preserving pills for him. i si co iie kai choi" 
 cong, a si co ia° kai choi° cdng ? Is he the 
 officer who escorts the grain- junks, or the 
 officer who has command of the garrison ? 
 hu-ue sia"-ti ; to protect the city, as a god. 
 khim-tiam si-ue ; appoint as body guard. 
 
 ^35 ue 85 Entire ; complete. 
 liH ^75 11 ue-koi°; the whole room; all 
 about ; everywhere around. cia hie" h'am li'o 
 ue-koi" phang ; this incense, on being lighted, 
 fills the whole place with fragrance, phi" tieh 
 ue-koi" chau ; the whole place smells badly, 
 ue lo phang ; the entire road is odorous. 
 
 A picture, a drawing, a 
 painting ; to draw, to paint, 
 
 ^gt ue 102 
 ^^^ 241 T 
 
 to map out. 
 
 tio ji-ue ; hang up illuminated scrolls. u© 
 
 sua" ciii ; paint landscapes. ue nang-kfa"; 
 
 draw human figures, iie hue-hui chau-thang ; 
 draw flowers and insects. ci'a bak-ciii ue, 
 
 iie lai cii ngia ; this will look well drawn in 
 India ink. i si iie kong pit a si iie i pit ? 
 
 Did he draw it in full, or merely sketch the 
 outlines ? m si, si iie pua° ta" jiam ; he did 
 neither, he sketched a rough outline and filled 
 it in with colors. iie sie"; paint a likeness, 
 
 iie tio-pak ; paint scrolls. tie ti-t6 ; draw 
 
 maps. iie-kang ; iie chie"; artists ; painters. 
 gu,a kok kai iie-khwn si cie°-8e°; the foreign 
 style of drawing is this. Qe cua thiam cok ; 
 draw a snake and add legs to it; to embelish 
 facts too highly, ue hne-ap ; to make a mark 
 as a signature. 
 
608 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THE 6WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 ^r^ ue 149 Words ; discourse ; speech ; 
 PPl 240 ""6 conversation ; language, 
 ta" ue; to talk. i to ta" mih ue ? What 
 
 language is he speaking ? i m pat ue ; he does 
 not understand the language, ai" oh png-tl 
 
 ue ; is going to learn the vernacular. chia 
 
 nftng lai ka ue ; invite some one to give intruc- 
 tion in the language, ham i mai" coi ue ; tell 
 her not to be loquacious. i cio-jit to ue cii ; 
 she talks the whole day long. fle r7i tau ki 
 
 piia" ku to ; of unwelcome words half a sen- 
 tence is too much. ta° toa ue ; to bluster. m 
 h(5 thia" kai ue ; indecent language. th6 ue ; 
 the local dialect. kua" ue ; the mandarin or 
 court dialect. peh Qe ; the language spoken 
 in this department. kheh ue ; the liakka 
 
 tongue. sok ue; common mode of speech, 
 
 c^k ku Qe ; one sentence, cek ku Qo thih-thih- 
 kie ; stammer out a phrase, chie ue ; a f uuny 
 annecdote. i hJiu Ah ue; she likes to learn 
 languages, hwn ile ; foreign tongues, ci kla 
 8U C jit khut n^ng khieh khi lai co ue pe"; this 
 will hereafter be a subject for people to talk 
 about. 
 
 — ueh — 
 
 rt^ ueh 30 To retch. 
 H/^ 1131 18 au ueh; to retch and gag. 
 ueh-ueh tho ; retch and vomit. c6 phi" tieh cu 
 au-ueh ; the smell of it makes me gag. ^ c6 
 th<$i" to au-ueh le ; it is perfectly sickening. 
 
 • =^^- * (leh 102 A mark, a lino, a stroke ; to 
 ^^. 241 7 divide by lines ; to mark off; 
 to lay a plan ; to devise. 
 
 cek iieh ceh phuah ; a line and a downward 
 stroke curving to the left. ci k&i jl jieh coi 
 
 tleh ? How many strokes are there in this 
 Chinese character ? chia" i \6 m6ng ueh koi 
 cheh ; ask him to devise a plan. ueh cp ho ; 
 make a mark as a sign, i kai pit iieh sin-jun 
 cSi ; the strokes made by his pen are very fine 
 and clear. si tit iieh a si hue" iieh ? Is it a 
 perpendicular or a horizontal line ? kia" tng 
 kha, nang t(5 ueh i kai ka-ciah ; as soon as he 
 turns his back people point at him. 
 
 1^ 
 
 ueh 195 (ieh-hii ; the perch, ham-ueh- 
 259 8 th&a ; the common perch. 
 
 "ll ueh 18 To mark off. 
 
   4 257 12 ueh cek ciie co ho ; draw a 
 line as a mark, ueh co ti-kai ; marked off the 
 boundary. khut i k&i to ueh tieh ; marked 
 
 by his knife, cang cng-kah ueh c6k e ; mark- 
 ed it off with his thumb nail. 
 
 W>f9 ^i 1^ To heal, to cure; a physician j 
 Ip^ 272 IJ healing; medical, 
 ui-seng ; physician, cia p6" oh ni ; this disease 
 is hard to cure. ui-kua" juah kue pe"-nung ; 
 the doctor is more feverish than (he palient. 
 sit-c&i si sin ui ; is really a skillful physician, 
 si e kai ui-seng cie 6i kai ; fashionable doctors 
 are rarely competent ones, pau ui; guarantee 
 a cure, ua ka kio ItS pau ui ; I will warrant a 
 cure for you. miie" jit ui ieh kai s6-hui tleli 
 hph coi ci°; the daily expenditure for medicines 
 is very large. iong-ui suah nslug ; charlatans 
 kill people. thai ui i"; the Medical }3oard. 
 
 thai ui ; the court physician. cia tieh c6-ni 
 ui-ti cia" h(5 ? What is the proper method of 
 treatment in this case ? i 1<5 kia" ui ; he is 
 practising medicine. ui-kwn ; a hospital, 
 
 khui kai ui-kek Id si ui ; open a dispensary 
 and give medical treatment to the poor. cia 
 pe" lu thoi" ui tit h<5 me ? Do you think this 
 disease curable ? mia" ui ; a renowned doctor, 
 i 6i ui gu ui be ; he is a veterinary doctor. b6 
 ieh ui ; nothing will cure it. si ui iSi khne, a 
 ni gfla khue ? Does he treat internal or exter- 
 nal ailments ? liang ui put leng cQ tl ; a wise 
 doctor cannot treat himself. 6i ui pat nftng 
 b6i ui ka-ki ; can heal others, but cannot cure 
 himself, tng khii i chu thio-ui ; has returned 
 home for medical treatment. "ui-cu ; medical 
 books. ni huap; method of treatment. ui 
 sie"-khau ; to dress wounds, i cie" se" b6 ui ; 
 there is no help for it. 
 
 ui 38 The stern composure suit- 
 
 1046 6 able to an officer's dignity; 
 majesty, pomp ; august, imposing, solemn, 
 lordly ; grave, awful, intimidating. 
 
 kua" a si bd kua"-ui cu m tit nang ui ; if a 
 magistrate has not magisterial dignity, ni one 
 is awed by him. i ii ui-khwn tit nang iii ; he 
 has an authoritative air which intimidates 
 people. i kai ui-si toa c5i ; he has great au- 
 thority, ni-ngi ; dignity of demeanor; ma- 
 jesty, i kai ui-ngi ho ; he dignity is imposing, 
 ui-hong; majestic; grand and threatening, 
 ui-hong lira-lira ; an awful majesty, ui ngiam ; 
 stern and imposing. i to Uli hwt ui ; he is 
 
 assuming a threating aspect, chin-chie" nio°- 
 ho" td tien ui; like a tiger exhibiting his 
 majesty. 
 
 ui 140 ui-siii ; a medicinal root, 
 
 1047 9 sweetish and white like 
 iris-root. ui-leng-sien ; a decotion, used as a 
 remedy for boils and ulcers. 
 
DICTIONARY 0» THB SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 BOO 
 
 " jkt txi 145 A covei*; a case of any kind. 
   ^V 270 "O k6-ui ; paper garments, burn- 
 ed at funerals. sie ui ; to bnrn paper gar- 
 ments, ci hii ui ko lai ngi'a cSi ; this suit of 
 paper clothes is very handsomely made. ui 
 sie"; a trunk to hold paper garments. pin-n6 
 i;i; the husk of the betel nut. ui pau ; a square 
 wi-apper to hold paper clothing. 
 
 ui 130 The placenta; the after-birth. 
 
 , ^ 663 5 i kai a-n6" chut si Ho, ui bue 
 
 loh ; her child is born, but the after-birth has 
 not been delivered. ui loh au, ka cai-toa lio, 
 cang ui cho I6h tang, eng hue-hu thfi loh khu 
 cu khara Ho khieh-bua, e jit khieh khu ta-tiig 
 kai ti-hng kp mai"; after the placenta appears 
 the umbilical cord is cut, the placenta is put 
 into a small earthen jar, ashes are laid upon 
 it, the cover is put on the jar, .and it is set 
 aside until another day, when it is taken to 
 the unfrequented spot where such things are 
 deposited and is there buried. 
 
 "Tfll ^^ — ^° I'ound off and equalize the 
 /L'J 1038 4 inside of an orifice, 
 ui kai khang i"-i"; smooth the inside of an 
 aperture and make it perfectly round. ui to ; 
 a tool used in trimming circular orifices. ua 
 kai phi"-khang-mo° juah thi" m pat ui ; I have 
 never had the hairs lemoved from my nostrils 
 in hot weather. 
 
 ui 149 To shirk one's work ; to give 
 302 8 over one's duty to another ; 
 to apologize and decline. 
 
 i mih su to si thui-thui lii-ui ; he is always 
 trying to shirk. i chui-chui lii-iii, m kheng 
 khu CO; he makes all sorts of excuses to get 
 rid of doing it. cia si i kai ceh-sgng, i thui- 
 ui m khu ; this responsibility devolves upon 
 him, and he cannot evade it. i cia iie si thui- 
 I'u kai ue ; what he says is the language of one 
 who would demur and draw back. 
 
 ui 38 To bear a responsibility; to 
 1051 6 infer ; to allege ; to send off; 
 to commit to; to put in charge of; to depute, 
 to delegate ; commissioned on public service ; a 
 wrong, a grievance ; the end, the last ; really, 
 lii i khu ; send him as deputy. hong cie°-si 
 
 kai ui ; receive the orders of a superior officer, 
 iii-wn ; a deputy commissioner. phai ui-wn 
 khu che ; send a deputy to examine, lu cai ti- 
 tiang-bi loh ui ne ? Do you know when the 
 deputy is to be sent ? ua i"-keng th6i''-ki" kua 
 u ui-pai ; I see that a bulletin announcing the 
 names of the deputies has already been hung 
 
 out. lii sit h(5 ; really excellent. gua-iii ; a 
 sergeant. lii nang khu nglam ; depute some 
 one to go and hold an inquest. iL cai thang i 
 kai ngwn ui ; has not gone through the matter 
 from beginning to end. i ra cai ua sira iSi kSi 
 ui-khiok ; she does not know what grievance I 
 have to put up with. che-iii ; a delegate. i 
 kai ue ta" chut lai l§ng-ua° ui-wn ; his language 
 was very metaphorical, ui mong n&ng khu sii 
 tie-ciu hu ; send a certain man to act tem- 
 porarily as prefect in the Tie-Chiu department, 
 pat lii tieh u h(5 khueh me? Have you been 
 appointed to a good place ? 
 
 ui 104 Weak, lame, impotent. 
 1047 8 ti im-ui kai pe"; loss of 
 
 To speak or report upon ; 
 something to say ; to 
 
 To dread ; to venerate ; to 
 stand in awe of ; a humble 
 
 virility. 
 
 ^Q hi 149 
 
 PR 1054 ~9~ 
 speak of. 
 
 cia sim si bo ui ; this is wholly without excuse, 
 nang so iii hue-lun-cun kai cu si ci khi; these 
 are the steamboats that people talk about. 
 
 ^^ iii 102 
 iPC 1054 4 
 awe ; a i*ight fear. 
 m-\x\ ; do not be frightened; there is nothing to 
 fear. i mih su to si iii siu iii bue ; he is very 
 apprehensive about everything, iii sio-li ; fear 
 disgrace, iii nang cai; afraid to have it known. 
 kia"-iii ; to shrink from, to dread, to apprehend, 
 lu ui mih su ? What are you afraid of ? i iii 
 toa nang me"; she fears being scolded by the 
 elders in her family. ui bo ; stands in awe of 
 his wife. m-iii pat nang la tieh iii ka-ki ; if 
 you do not stand in awe of any one else, you 
 must have respect to your own self. i m-iii 
 n&ng ; he fears nobody. iii si ; fear death, 
 
 khiong-ui puah loh khu ; afraid of tumbling 
 down. khiong-ui co rn seng ; fears he cannot 
 accomplish it. ui-chin ; dreads the cold ; 
 
 chilly. iii huap ; respect the laws. iii cam 
 lii kii ; dreads the lancet and cauterization ; 
 fears the remedies for his trouble. 
 
 1^1 ui 31 To invest, to surround, to 
 \^\ 1048 9 besiege, to hem in ; to cir- 
 cumscribe; to limit ; to inclose ; to confine, as a 
 mold does its castings ; to curtain in ; an en- 
 closure; a snare; a fortified village into which 
 the people flee from robbers ; a periphery, a 
 circumference or measure of girth, 
 ui mi"-mi"; hemmed closely in. huang-ui 
 
 chie"; an enclosing wall. hiia" nang iii cp cek 
 ui \6 th^i" sim mueh ? What are all those peo- 
 ple, gathered there in a circle, looking at ? ui 
 
610 
 
 DICTIONAET OF THB 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 cck toa kliun iiang s! {6 tlioi" n^ng cp pa-lu; 
 the great crowd of people that have formed a 
 circle there are looking at a man who is per- 
 forming tricks in jugglery. tQng-teng ui-cfi ; 
 enclosing it circle on circle. teh ui-ki ; play 
 chess. 81-ciu-ui ; all aroucd. suah chut teng 
 ui ; fought their way through the investing 
 forces. ui sia"; besiege a city. khufc i ui to- 
 ho; hemmed in by them. si-ciu-ui tng kui si 
 ciii ; there is water on all sides. phah cek 
 
 kai toa ui ; draw a great circle around it. 
 khwn cf cek ui u sa" pho lo ; the whole dis- 
 tance around it is three leagues. cang tlam 
 liii lii ; inclose it by a splint fence. ui kok- 
 
 tak ; surround with a wattling made of withes, 
 ci giia khau di cek in tek-ll ; put a bamboo 
 fence around it. i khut i ui-khun id hu t6i; he 
 is surrounded and hemmed in there by them. 
 
 Mfii 169 Side doors of the palace, 
 1049 9 where candidates once un- 
 derwent their examinations, 
 kirn 111 si tui chun-ui a chiu-(ii ? Is this the 
 year for the examination for the degree of L.L. 
 D. at Peking, or for that of ^I.A. in the 
 provinces ? iu" cii-khau jip fii ; carry the 
 
 commissioner into the hall. kim b6 nang b6i 
 ui se"; prohibit the buying of the names of 
 graduates, — a mode of gambling by betting on 
 the surnames of the successful candidates. i 
 khii hu pak Qi ; he has gone to the examina- 
 tions at the capital. si pak ui teng kui, in pI 
 kng-tang ui teng kui ; he received his degree 
 at Peking, not at Canton, tl sin fti-bak chut a 
 biie ? Have the essays of the successful can- 
 didates been published yet ? 
 
 >^t "i ^^2 To oppose ; to go against; 
 ^^T^ 1049 9 to disobey; to disregard, 
 ku ui ; I have long neglected you ; I have not 
 seen you for a long while. cie"-sl kii ui ; I 
 
 have not met you lately. i ak cSi, iang hong 
 im iii ; he is very hateful, he agrees with you 
 to your face, and opposes you behind your 
 back. m ka° ui-ngek i toa nang kai meng ; 
 
 dare not go contrary to the commands of his 
 elders, ku ui ; willful disobedience. 
 
 ui 87 To act ; to do ; to play the 
 /4»>*| 1047 b part of ; to be in the place 
 of ; to manage ; to attend to ; to effect, 
 ui nung to si ; to lead a life among men ; to 
 live in the world, i bp $6 put ui ; he recks at 
 nothing; there is nothing he will not do. u 
 leng-ui ; has power to do; pos.sesses executive 
 ability; can bring it about, bp leng-ui ; incom- 
 petent, i kii" CO, ku" ui ; he is very ent^erpris- 
 ing; he is not afraid to attempt to bring it 
 
 about. i m ku" hui ui ; he will not act 
 
 wickedly, jiin i pd ui; let him do as he pleases. 
 kia"-ti hue Q ui ; the sons are energetic. ui 
 slen ; to do good, ui ak ; to do evil, lii chin 
 tieh tong, ui cu tieh hau ; being a statesman, 
 one must be loyal, being a son, one must be 
 filial. cang i ui cii ; take him for his master, 
 bp si d'l ; no me.ans of compassing it. bp si ui, 
 kui i khu ; if there is not that wherewith to 
 do it, then let it go. 
 
 ui 75 A mast. 
 1050 6 cun ui ; the mast of a vessel, 
 ui kua"; the masts. thftu ui, toa ui, biie ui ; 
 the fore, the main, and the raizzen masts, sa" 
 ki ui kai cun ; three-masted vessels, i oi peh 
 kail fii hue hiS teng ; he can climb to the top of 
 the mast, khfa ui ; to set up a mast, ui thua, 
 ui biie, ui sin ; the lower, the upper, and the 
 main part of the mast. ui ce"; the socket in 
 which the mast is set. sla ui ; lower a mast, 
 cam Qi, tok teng; cut away the masts and 
 chop off the anchors. ki piia" ui ; one long 
 
 and one short mast, ui khut huang a cih; the 
 masts were broken in the gale. 
 
 fti 50 A curtain; a screen; a valance. 
 1049 8 chng-fii; a valance hung before 
 a table, chia lii ; carriage curtains, hu ui-ie; 
 put on an apron. i pak kp ui-ie to cu pug; 
 she has on an apron, and is cooking rice. 
 
 ui 120 Transverse threads. 
 p 1056 9 iii bp ; a fringed hat. 
 the fringe and its heading. 
 
 ui cp ; 
 
 ui 140 Reeds; rushes; grass which 
 1051 10 grows in river-bottoms, 
 ciii ki" ceng-ceng lu-iii ; the margin of the 
 creek was thick with reeds, cieh-ui ; rushes. 
 
 ui 178 Straps or thongs with which 
 1048 p)ersons are bound, 
 cieh ui ; the fronds of the Nii'hobolus lingua, a 
 fern used in medicine, ui-thp ia"; a guardian 
 deity found in Buddhist temples. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ui 86 To roast in the ashes. 
 1047 9 ui kie"; roasted ginger. 
 
 iii 87 Wherefore ; in the interest of; 
 ^i»»y 1047 8 owing to. 
 lu kai ciah lio u ui a b6 ui ? Having eaten have 
 you nothing useful to attend to ? i cie°-se" si 
 ui tieh lia, ua ia cai ; he did thus out of con- 
 sideration for me, 1 know that, lu kai ii ui a 
 bp ? ai" mueh tio i mih su ? Have you nothing 
 better than that to do ? What did you want 
 
DICTIOXART or TOB 8WAT0W DIALECT. 
 
 611 
 
 to spoil It for ? lu 1)6 ui iii" kliu inih f-u ? 
 
 Haviii|? no reason for it, why do you go ? lu 
 bo ui ai" me" i mih su ? Since tliere is no occa- 
 sion for it, why do you scold bim ? 
 
 ^^S* ui 87 For, on account of; because > 
 ^^ 10-i7 y for the sake of ; if ; in case of- 
 ui-tieh sira-mih wn-ku ? What is the cause of 
 it ? si ui-tieh kong su a si ui-tieh sai su ? Is 
 it on account of public or of private business ? 
 i in-ui tieli ci kia" su cu lA.i ; it was on this 
 account that he came. in-ui i hia"-ti i7i hua ; 
 because the brothers are not on good terms 
 with each other. in-ui co-ni ? What is the 
 
 occasion of it? iii sim-mih su ti-kau cie"-se° 
 ne ? What has lead to this state of affairs ? 
 lu lai ui lia ce ; give some consideration to ray 
 welfare, i ci hue ui su to ko ; he is now there 
 because of his having business there. 
 
 x|Q ui 94 chi-ui ; a small hedgehog, said 
 Q ^ 1053 9 to have forked spines. " chi- 
 ui-phue ; the skin of the small hedgehog, used 
 in medicine. 
 
 M-^ ui 9 A place ; a seat ; a post ; a 
 I ^1^ 1053 5 position ; the tlirone ; the 
 room a thing takes up ; the place it ought to 
 be in ; a classifier of persons, dignifying them. 
 01 cek ui si ko-nie ; this is the young lady, cu 
 ui ; all of you, Sirs. cu ui, chia" cp ; 1 beg 
 
 you all to be seated. liet iii, thia° via ta"; 
 
 hear me, all of you. i kTii thi"-ui thwn khut 
 ti-tiang ? To whom did his throne descend ? 
 ni lau tho ui khut i kia"; being old he resigned 
 his throne to his son. i si au thvvn ui khut i 
 a-ti ; on dying he left his throne to his younger 
 brother. kiii ui nsxng-kheh lai ; several visit- 
 ors have arrived. i cp toa ui ; he sits in the 
 chief seat, ci cek ui cu-nie-kia" si <i-tiang kai 
 cau-kia" ? Whose dauglitcr is this young lady ? 
 cek iii sin ; a god. ci ui sin-se"; this teacher, 
 i cp huang-ti ui cp jieh coi ni ? For how many 
 years did he sit upon the throne ? tang soi- 
 soi cu cp ui ; he reigned from his childhood, i 
 ce kau ci kai ti-ui cii cai ; as soon as he arrived 
 here he knew. ceng iii hia"-!! ; all of you 
 
 brethren. kia"-jit kai tang it ui si ti-tiang cp ? 
 Who sat at the head of the table to-diiy ? tl- 
 iiang cp sai it iii ? Who sat at the foot (the 
 second place of honor at a Chinese feast)? 
 iia" iii ; exchange seats. i^a"g iii khut i ; 
 
 yielded her place to him. iS pang ui a bo ? Is 
 there a room for me (in the inn)? kio i 
 
 sue kau kai chng iii ; chartered from him a 
 place in the hold. cp to ti kai kau-i° iii ? In 
 which chair did he sit ? paug kue cek kai 
 
 chng iii ; set it along the length of the table. 
 
 m^ 
 
 pimg khui c6k kai i" ui ; set it further off by 
 the width of a chair. siia-bua cdk oun Qi •, 
 
 bring it nearer by a boat's length, khi jip kai 
 chii ui ; build it the width of a hou.se further 
 in. ham i mai" kue ui sng ; tell him not to 
 leave his own seat for frolic, cau kue ui ; run 
 away from his proper place. to J I kai ui ? 
 
 WJierc is it ? bo ui ho pang ; there is no room 
 to set it in. ai" thoi" hi eng sue iii a min ? In 
 seeing a play, need one hire a place? hwt iii ; 
 the location of a grave ; the burial place. i 
 
 thong sin kai po iii sek cJii ; he knows well 
 which are the vital parts of the body. kak 
 
 nCmg kak nang kai ka-ciah ui ; each has his 
 own six feet of earth. chCvn iii ; usurp the 
 
 throne. sie ce" iii ; dispute the succession. 
 
 to ti kai iii-chu ? In what place ? 
 
 iii-tau Savor ; smack ; flavor ; 
 
 1053 taste, 
 hp iii-tau ; luscious, liu khi kai ui-taa b6 mih 
 ho ; that sort is^rather unpalatable. 
 
 P|l ui 130 The stomach. 
 r^ 1053 5 i ti kai hwn ixi pe"; he 
 has nausea. lu thoi" .si keh-ciah a si hwn- 
 
 iii ? Do you think it is a contraction of 
 the gullet which prevents the food being 
 swallowed, or that the stomach refuses to 
 retain the food after it is swallowed ? ui-khau 
 n\ khui; has no desire for food. khui iii ; 
 
 excite an appetite. iii-khau khui ; have au 
 
 appetite, i kai iii luing ; his stomach is weak, 
 hang ui kai mueh cii m ho ciah ; 
 chills the stomach should not be 
 ciah un ui kai ; take what warms the 
 ui khi m hiia; stomach is out of 
 ciah thio iii sun khi kai ieh ; take 
 something to settle the stomach. pheng ui ; 
 settle the stomach. hua ui kien pi kai ; 
 regulate the stomach and bowels. sia ui hue ; 
 cleanse the stomach, iii hue seng ; has a foul 
 stomach. 
 
 — un — 
 
 un 85 Mild, placid, gentle, sooth- 
 1040 9 iiig, bland, genial ; warm ; 
 tepid ; to i*evive ; acquainted with, 
 i kai se"-cheng un-hua cai ; her disposition is 
 very amiable, cp su uu-un hiia-lma; acts very 
 benignly, cia si un-hua kai ieh ; this is a seda- 
 tive medicine, un cu ; to review lessons, kii 
 kai un sek cu oi cai sin kai ; learn the old 
 thoroughly, then you can underetand the new. 
 thi"-si un-hua; the weather is mild, no niiug 
 to su hang un, su cek kua ; the two were chat- 
 ting about the weather, for a whole half day. 
 ci kiii jit kai thi".khi un-lwa ; the weather is 
 delightful these last few days. 
 
 huam oi 
 
 whatever 
 
 eaten. 
 
 stomach. 
 
 order. 
 
G12 
 
 DICTIONARY OF THE SWATOW DIALECT. 
 
 Jrc| un 104 A pestilenti.ll or wide-spread 
 /JSL 1040 10 sickness ; an epidemic. 
 nn-iiiut; a plague, a murrain, a prevailing 
 sickness, gu-un ; muri-ain. tieh gu-un ; have 
 rinderpest. lieh lu-un ; have a disease pre- 
 
 vailing among hogs. un kau si tio hoh coi 
 
 niing ; spread so that great numbers of people 
 died of it. ci kai ii-hng tS,i un ; this region 
 is stricken with a plague. ci kui ie" teh oi tl 
 uii-raut kai pe"; these medicines will cure 
 epidemic diseases. 
 
 un We, excluding the one ad- 
 
 G27 dressed, 
 si lin kiii, i7i si nf ti kai ; it is ours, not yours. 
 Ill) kili kui-ku s! ciij°-se"; such are our customs, 
 lu thoi" lin-kai h6, a in-kai h<5 ? Which do you 
 think the better, theirs or ours ? tiang-si Ifii 
 lin ko CO ; come and sit with us nomelimes. 
 ],o-ho un ; bless us. ciin un khiu ; grant our 
 petition, un ceng nang ai° lai cph lu kai kang; 
 we are all coming to work for yon. 
 
 fm 
 
 Firm, steady, stable, secure, 
 immovable, well-placed ; to 
 
 lin 115 
 \i^ 1042 U 
 vest in. 
 
 na"-un cJli ; very stable, i khia in dn ; it does 
 not stand firmly. ne lin-iin ; very stable. cO 
 loll khu lin-un; sits very securely. lin-tAng; 
 safe, secure, firm, sleadfjvst. chng m lin, 
 
 khieh kp much lai soih ; the table does not 
 stand firmly, get something and wedge under 
 it. pang in un ; it is not steadfast when set 
 in place. clulu kh.u i un-un ; move it to and 
 fro until you get it into a position where it 
 stands fii'mly. i kln-khek lin ciah lin cheng ; 
 she has now secured what she needs for food 
 and clothing. de° loh un-tng ; go up and 
 
 down in safety, un-iin tng-tng kai su ; a per- 
 fectly safe business. kio i sfl-li kau UQ-iin 
 tang-tang; an-ange it for him so that it will 
 be perfectly secure. 
 
 tin 72 Late ; latter ; the last. 
 1038 7 un-kue kai tang keng hp ; the 
 crop gathered at the last harvest of the year is 
 the better of the two. lin tang kai chek ia° 
 kue ca tang ; tlie paddy of the second crop of 
 the year is better than that of the first crop, 
 un hi 10 nng, ca bi io nge ; the rice of the last 
 harvest of the year is mellower than that of 
 the first harvest. 
 
 un 64 To dip, to immerse ; to thrust 
 1042 io into fluid and at once lift out. 
 un cui ; dip it in water, un iu ; dipped in oil. 
 iin tieh tau-cie° bp, a im-tieh cho hp ? Is it 
 best to sip it in bean-catsup or in vinegar ? 
 
 j^t un 20 Equal ; even, alike ; to allot ; 
 ~V 1142 2 to share equally, 
 tieh pun khu kun-un ; must divide it in equal 
 shares. kut nek theng-un ; his bones and 
 
 flesh are well proportioned. ci cek tie" khau 
 klm pi cie° tie" »n un-ccng ; this class did not 
 equHl the preceding one in the examination, 
 un un u ; have them in about the same quantity 
 at all tiuies. l&k tieh chut un-iin ; put forth 
 your efforts steadily, not by fits and starts, i 
 k&i khang-khiie lo dn ; he works steadily all 
 the time. 
 
 __-* 6n 7 To say; to speak. 
 
 ^£^ 1142 2 ii^ng ^n la un ; what people 
 
 say so I say. 
 
 >ij|K tn 86 To burn ; to set on fire ; to 
 ^'V- 130 8 consume to ashes, 
 un hie"; burn incense. An hie"-cb&; burn 
 
 fmgrant wood.s. un hie" thah ; bum pngodas 
 made of incense sticks, cang liiie khii un tio ; 
 take fire and burn it up. un ciia-ci"; burn 
 
 spirit-money. ta" c6 cho-khng lAi un ciu ; 
 
 bring chaff and burn it around the jars to heat 
 up the whiskey and make it ferment. 
 
 j£a un 180 Sounds which rhyme in 
 R^ 1143 10 their tone as well as their 
 termination ; the final word or rhyme ; tone. 
 ap Qn ; to make rhymes, si un ; couplets, ci 
 k&i si ii kfii ap phe" Qn, Q kAi ap ceh un ; in 
 these stanzas, some of the rhymes are in the 
 even tones, and some are in the other tones, 
 si si poih nn a si liVk On ? Have the verees 
 sixteen lines with the alternate lines rhyming, 
 or have they twelve lines containing six 
 rhymes ? Q cek kai jl ap chut un ; one final 
 letter does not form a perfect rhyme with the 
 others. ci kHi Qn ap hli m lin ; this rhyme is 
 not rythmical. ci kfti jl t5 tl kai un kha? 
 
 Where does this letter stand among authorized 
 rhymes ? lia fi cek pang kiam-iin ; I have a 
 book of authorized rhymes. m hah iin ; dis- 
 cordant ; incompatible. b6 mih im-iin ; not 
 rythmical. ci kai im-un h(5 c5i ; its rythm is 
 perfect. ci kai ji ph6" ceh iin thong eng ; in 
 this the rhymes are made without regard to 
 tones. 
 
 un 162 To turn in a circuit ; to move 
 1144 9 in an orbit ; to travel around ; 
 to carry from place to place ; a circuit ; what 
 is done in succession, as the course of nature ; a 
 turn; a chance ; calculations or a conjunction, 
 as in a horoscope; luck; hap; a chapter of 
 accidents ; a period of five or ten years, 
 ciu jit thong sin kai kun kut tieh u iin-tong 
 c'ia° ho ; it is best that the bones and muscles 
 
DICTIOXIRT or TBS SWATOW DUtlCt. 
 
 613 
 
 of the whole body should all be exercised during 
 the day. i kai un-khi h<5 ; his luck is good, 
 ke un ; the fortunes of a family, k&i ke un td 
 heng ; the prospects of the household are im- 
 proving. unbinSe; transport grain, cfa iile 
 hi" un kaa ti-ko ? Where is this grain to be 
 carried ? si eng cun lai un a si eng chia 
 
 lai un ? Is it transported in boats or in carts ? 
 un iiie kai kua"; an officer superintending the 
 transport of grain. un-ho si in-ui h,i" un nie 
 kai su khui kai ; the Grand Canal was opened 
 for tlie transport of the grain which is the re- 
 venue derived from the tax on land, i to co 
 chSu-un cong-tok ; he is the Imperial Commis- 
 sioner directing the transpoi't of the grain 
 which is the revenue of the government, kin- 
 111 kau kue ci kai iiu ; this year there is a turn 
 in affairs. kau un ; a contingency arose, 
 
 thut un ; a change of luck, kwn-hl ci'-ko kai ti 
 un ; involved in the luck of the locality. i ci 
 kui nl m si ji un ; he has had no luck these 
 many years. ti-tiang-si cia° cie" un ? When 
 Bhall we get through this unlucky period and 
 reach a more fortunate one ? i cap hue cia" 
 cie" un ; he will reach a point where luck 
 changes when he is ten years old. i kai un 
 
 hang ho me ? Do the conjunctions in his 
 horoscope indicate luck ? tah tieh un ; stum- 
 bled upon luck, liu-ni kai un-hS,ng ho khiap 
 16ng-c6ng phoi meng ; the conjunctions both 
 good and ill in his horoscope as the years run 
 on, are all clearly set forth, khu un i a-pe kai 
 kiu tng-lai; went and brought home his father's 
 encoffined corpse. i to cp hai un ; he is en- 
 gaged in transporting grain by sea. un iam ; 
 transport salt. iam tin hun-si ; the Salt Com- 
 missioner, ci hue-mueh si iu gua-hai tin lai, 
 a si iu 15i ho un lai ? Are these goods brought 
 by sea, or through the inland streams ? 
 
 — ut — 
 
 ut 44 To bend by heat and pressure. 
 
 468 5 ut c!h ; broke in bending, soi 
 li rn ut, toa cii ut chut kut ; if you do not bend 
 him when he is small, when he is full grown 
 he will have his bones dislocated in order to 
 bend him. iang-ol 19, e-j#t oh ut ; after spoiling 
 him by indulgei^ it will be difficult to train 
 him aright. ut i tit ; bend it straight. ut 
 khu si-cia" si-cia"; bend it into the correct 
 shape. kiia" ci-hue soi cii tieh cai ut ; avail 
 youself of this time when he is still young, to 
 mould his character aright. ut co tek kau-i°; 
 make it into a bamboo chair, ut i wn ; bend 
 it into a curve. ai" ut tit, tieh khua'-khua" 
 pue ; if you want to straighten it by pressure, 
 you must heat it gradually by th^fire. 
 
 M 
 
 ]^^ ut 86 To smooth cloth with a hot 
 j/^ 1055 11 iron. 
 
 ut-tau ; a sad-iron, or a smoothing-iron that 
 holds coals. ut i-li6k ; to iron clothes, khia 
 ki ut-tau lai ut 8a''-kh6 ; bring the sad-iron and 
 iron the clothes. ut tit-tit; iron it smooth, 
 ut khu m cfam-c6ih ; it is not ironed straight, 
 mai" ut kau sie tieh ; do not scorch it in iron- 
 ing it. 
 
 Surly and careworn ; irri- 
 tated, vexed, desponding ; 
 
 ut 192 
 1139 19 
 worked upon, 
 ut-cut ; melancholy ; coroding care. ut-1 ; 
 
 surly, ut-khi ; pent up; repressed, to Ifti ut- 
 kak ; sullen ; brooding over wrong, khi-hueh 
 ut-kak kin ; the humors are closely pent up. 
 ua th6i° i kai 5e° ut-ut cut-cut; he appears to 
 me to be brooding over some secret grief, sim 
 lai ak-ut, m song-khiiai ; is troubled in his 
 mind, and ill at ease. ak-ak ut-ut ; secretly 
 grieving; worn by pent up trouble. sim iSt 
 ut-ak kau seng pe"; he brooded over his wrongs 
 till he made himself ill. 
 
 IqI ut 31 To turn back; to turn around. 
 
 l-iij 261 ^ ut-tng than; turned the head 
 so as to look backward. ut m tng ; cannot 
 
 turn around, chia ut m tng ; cannot turn the 
 cart around, ut tng sin ; to turn back, chui 
 ut kue lai ; turn the spout this way. i kSi 
 
 min cii ut chiia ; he turned his face the other 
 way. 
 
 ut 109 To sleep ; to lie down. 
 
 782 "8~ ut-khu ; gut-khu ; to go to 
 bed. i to tak mak ut ; he is dozing. mak 
 siap, ai" khu ut ; am sleepy, and am going to 
 bed. jv^n g^t, gut m loh ; whatever way I 
 
 lie, I cannot go to sleep, iu ai° ut, iu boi fit ; 
 want to go to sleep but cannot. ut kau ciii- 
 cin ; sleeps very soundly. ut-kau hun-hun 
 
 mi"-mi"; sleeping so soundly as to make it very 
 difficult to rouse him. ut m IS ; ut ra kau ; 
 
 did not sleep enough. lai khu ut; come and 
 go to bed. mai" ut khah iia" cau-khi; do not 
 sleep too late pa ciah m ju pa ut ; it is better 
 to sleep enough than to eat enough. i cS ilt 
 khu cii kio si cek ie°; when he once goes to 
 sleep, he sleeps as if he would never wake, ut 
 kau kho-kho-hua"; so fast asleep that he snores 
 loudl}'. pe ji bp ki'a" ut cp cek min-chng ; 
 
 the whole family sleep in one bed. phak to 
 gilt ; lie sleeping on the face. lit m cai 
 
 che°; overslept myself. td loh khu lit ; lie 
 
 down and take a nap. a" a-no" At ; get the 
 baby to sleep. gftt m c5i ; did not sleep vrell 
 
6U 
 
 DICTIOKART OF TOK BWITOW DULtCT. 
 
 a-7i6" iTi hiiu" ut ; the baby will not go to sleep, 
 hi" lit hue" a ut tit ? Are you going to lie cross- 
 wise or lengthwise ? tnai" ut chftru-sia; do 
 rot lie coruerwise. than-kah-chah ut ; lie with 
 heads in opposite directions. sa" phi" cia" ut 
 no phi"; slept two thirds of the time. i ut lio 
 I'o hue hwu sin to-ko ; she scarcely moves after 
 liaving gone to sleep, cuh-cuh ut ; tiara-llam 
 lit ; sleep continuously. jit tham ciah, me" 
 tham {it ; has a good appetite, and sleeps 
 soundly, dt 16h cu ai" ju mang ; has troubled 
 dreams. pbS-phI, li-li ai" ut ; languid and 
 drowsy all the time. kam pliQe gut; draw 
 the coverlet over you and go to sleep, ut che* 
 khi'-lai, k&i pe° chin-chle" sek llo khA ; after 
 ■waking up ho felt very much better. 
 
 B 
 
 bo 
 
 {l 184 To consort with ; to 
 "^ 1125 8 concerned in; with ; to. 
 ci'a si nin kai su, u tha nfiiig sim-mih siang- 
 kang ? This is your affair, and of what cou- 
 sequenco is it to other people ? d ua b6 kang; 
 it is nothing to me. i u nfitig m <ang; he is 
 unlike other people. u phOng-iu kau-chap ; 
 
 consort with friends. cf kai nang hd siang 6 ; 
 this person is a good one to consort with, cin 
 u ke co-ni hun-piet ? How can one distinguish 
 between the true ai\d the false ? kim ^ k6 m- 
 lang; the present and the past are unlike. h(5 
 u ill hd, tieh lu cia" cai ; the good and the bad 
 must both be known to you. ci kai nang kio i 
 b1 l^u siang-u ; this is one of his old cronies. 
 
 u 184 To eat much ; to overeat. 
 1128 4 glutted ; satiated ; sick of. 
 ciiih tieh u-u nc, ciah m loh ; my gorge rises 
 when I take it, and 1 can't swallow it. pa-u ; 
 glutted, surfeited. to l?li pa-u pii-u, m su 
 
 ciah ; my stomach felt full, and 1 did not think 
 of eating, ciah li'o to lai u-sak ; fell oppressed 
 by the amount of food taken, ka-kl pa-16i li'o, 
 bue ciah cu soi" u ; when I have my.self 
 prepared the food, 1 am sick of it before I 
 have tasted it. thoi" tieh cii u ; loathe the 
 
 sight of it. u kau ciig kai boi ciah ; have had 
 so much of it that I cannot eat it. 
 
 ^5^ u 124 To overshadow ; to screen or 
 ^^ 271 11 intercept ; a screen, 
 im li ; dense shade. mo" tieh thong thi" to s! 
 u-khi ; look off and see the whole heavens 
 oveix;ast. mak cine" u ; his sight is dim. i 
 kai mak se" u moh ; his eyes have a film 
 forming over the iris. mSk-ciu u-u; bis eyes 
 are bleared. 
 
 ,^, u 85 To silt up ; to fill in with 
 
 |> 1119 8 sediment, 
 u-sak, lu thong ; obstructed with sediment, so 
 that there is no intercommunication. h'u lio 
 ce keh kii lu u-sak khu ; after being dug out 
 it silts in after awhile so as to obstruct the 
 passage, 
 
 u 104 Extravasated, like blood 
 > 1128 8 that has settled in a bruise 
 or sore ; inert ; gangrenous, 
 u hneh ; effused blood ; the blood that has 
 settled in it. se" u-nSk ; has proud flesh 
 
 forming in it. cia ieh 5i khu u hueh, oi se" 
 
 sin hueh ; this medicine will remove the ex- 
 travasated blood and produce new blood, tieh 
 ciah kau i kili u hueh cheng-cb(5 ; must keep 
 on taking it till the effused blood is all 
 removed. 
 
 ^ 184 What is left ; overplus ; 
 \\ 1121 7 remnants; the remainder; 
 superabundant. 
 
 ii tl ; unused space. cdk n&ng li & (i, cdk 
 
 n&ng li put cok ; one has a superabundance 
 and the other has not enough. hiii-eng lio 
 
 hwn-lio u il ci" hd c6 pftt su ; beside what is 
 required for expenses, there is still money left 
 which may be applied to other uses. cia sng 
 si u su, bo.siang-kang k&i ; this is au outside 
 consideration, and of no importance. khi-ii ; 
 the remainder, the rest, what is over and 
 above the amount required. khi-u kai h<5 lau 
 CO cerig-ci; save what is left for seed. ci& si 
 eng chun 6-sIn k&i ; this is the remainder. ii 
 kai mueh, ua m-ai"; the remnants I do not 
 care for. ciah cheng ii iong-u ; they have 
 
 enough and to spare after buying food and 
 clothing, iong-u kai ci" lau-pang-ko co lip su ; 
 lay aside the money that is left over and ex- 
 pend it in some good work. hwn ii u-tang 
 
 coi-coi nang; there are still many others of 
 the same ilk at large. 
 
 u 159 To push out, or on ahead of 
 '^ 1122 10 one; to hold and sustain; 
 to contain and bear, as the earth does its in- 
 habitants. 
 
 u cek tie" chia chut lai ; pushed a carriage 
 out ahead of him. ci ku ue hue bp u chut 
 
 khu; do not yet utter this. khut i kii ue u 
 lai kau, i cu khi ; when this utterance of hers 
 reached him, he was angry. i kai kie u 
 
 kau toa tng teng ; his chair pushed on to the 
 great hall, ci pak tlu-td; this map of the 
 world, or of the Chinese empire. 
 
DICTIONXRT or THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 615 
 
 " IM To prepare for, to prearrange, 
 _^ 1128 4 to get ready for; beforehand, 
 i u-pi ho a hue ? Is he all ready for it ? lia 
 i"-keng u-pl plii-piri ; I have already perfected 
 the arrangement for it. hun-hu i tieh cai u ; 
 tell him he must be prepared for it. u ho a 
 l)ue ? Is everything in readiness ? lia bo u i 
 ai" lui ; I did not foresee his coming, ci ehph 
 nang-kheh lia u u poih sfa° lai, ku-chu, u 
 kau lak tie" siah ; I more than half expected 
 these guests, and tlierefore provided to some 
 extent for their entertainment, chuah i m cai 
 u i ; took him unawares. sai kaa njing bo u ; 
 take people by surprise. soi" 3 t<5-ko ; all 
 
 ready beforehand, soi" co kai hi .si u cok kai ; 
 the first performance was a forerunner of 
 others to come in celebration of a god's birth- 
 day. 
 
 ^^^ u 152 Contented, easy, satisfied with 
 J:^\I128 9 what comes; taking one's 
 pleasure. 
 
 lia ci'a su hwn si iu-u, hue kwt ; I am not yet 
 ready to take up the matter, and am still 
 undecided in regard to it. ua thoi" i si ia-iu 
 u-ii, bo kwt-twn ; I see that he is dallying, and 
 is not ready for any decisive action. 
 
 ^iH " ■'■^^ '^o ^® concerned in ; connected 
 :^ 1125 "8" with. 
 
 xiabousu; I have nothing to do with the 
 matter, cia su lia bo u cai ; this affair is some- 
 thing that I know nothing about. i chwn bo 
 u bun ; he heard nothing about it. 
 
 nZL. u 30 A interjection, expressing"'dis- 
 yj^ 228 3 gust or dislike, 
 u, puah loh khu ; ah, he has fallen down. Q, 
 boi hd Ho ; there, it is spoiled. 
 
 — un — 
 
 un 61 Favor, grace, mercy, kind- 
 i\ 623 6 ness ; benefits, obligations ; 
 imperial favor ; charitable ; compassionate ; to 
 oblige, to show favor to ; partial to ; heartfelt, 
 un-hui ; grace. i kam i kai un ; she excites 
 his compassion. i si buang un hQ ngi kai 
 
 nang ; he is an ingrateful reprobate, khai un ; 
 show mercy. cia si un-ti'en khut i ; this is 
 
 showing him unmerited favor. i c6-ni un 
 
 ciang chiu pp ? Why does he requite good with 
 evil ? ceng siu kue i kai un ; have experienced 
 his kindness. si i kai tai-un-jin ; it is his 
 
 benefactor. ii un-cek kip peh-se"; ha.^ confer- 
 red great benefits upon the people. pp i kai 
 un ; requite his kindness. sia un ; show gra- 
 titude for favors, po-tap siu un ; recompense 
 
 divine favors, ci kai uii toa jii tbi"; this obli- 
 gation cannot be expressed ; the favor is great 
 as the heavens. huang un ; imperial favor, 
 
 in ang cfa un-ai cili ; they, the husband and 
 wife, are very kind to each other, cia si i kai 
 Un kong; this is his praiseworthy charity, 
 mok un tl-cu ; shower blessings on his fol- 
 lowers. 
 
 -J-I' ^n 44 A director or overaeer of 
 y 1102 1 other officers, 
 hu-un ; the Mayor of the Capital, a high officer 
 whose jurisdiction is independent of the pro- 
 vincial governor, and restricted within the 
 metropolitan prefecture, hu-un pf kak se" k^i 
 hii toa hph coi ; the office of Mayor of the 
 Capital is much higher than that of the pro- 
 vincial officers. seng-kia" a cek kai hong- 
 thien hii-un ; the Manchu capital has a mayor 
 of the same i*ank as the mayor of Peking. i 
 pat cp kue sun-thien hii-un ; he has been 
 Mayor of Peking. 
 
 170 Retired ; screened ; covered ; 
 14 in private life; to keep out 
 
 un 
 ^lit> 1103 
 of view. 
 
 un ku sua" lim ; to dwell in seclusion in the 
 country. tin su ; a retired scholar, one never 
 in office, tin gti ; an eliptical sentence, i tin- 
 chang khi ; she is very reticent, tin- tin thoi"- 
 ki" u nang lai ; made out with difficulty to per- 
 ceive some person approaching. tin-tin thoi"- 
 ki"; saw indistinctly as in twilight or in thick 
 fog. i oi eng tin sin huap, sai kau nang thoi" 
 m ki" i ; he knows how to apply the rules for 
 rendering one's self invisible, so that people do 
 not perceive him. 
 
 — wn — 
 
 wn 40 Oppression; grievance; wrong; 
 1132 8 injury, 
 wn-iiang; an injustice. wn-iiang cSi ; very 
 unjust, wn-khut ; to oppress. u wn b6 sin ; 
 no reparation made for the injury done, khia 
 lli kio i sin wn ; pray you to redress his wrong, 
 wu-chlu bue pp ; an injury still unrevenged, 
 kak wn-chiu ; to get up a quarrel. h3,m wn 
 siu khut; endure oppression. ham wn ; 
 
 proclaim one's grievance. wn ngiap kiii ; an 
 avenging spirit. soi wn-l6k ; wipe out a 
 
 grudge. wn-wn siang pp ; their mutual in- 
 juries were revenged on each other. 
 
 wn 57 Curved ; bent ; winding; bow- 
 1038 19 ed ; arched ; circuitous, 
 a wn ; to bend by pressure of the hand. nt 
 wn ; to bend by heat and pressure. tau kaa 
 ne wn-wn J bend it till it is much curved. 
 
61 G 
 
 DICTIONABT OI" THE SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 wn-keng wn-keng ne ; bowed. mak bai wn- 
 wn ; arching eyebrows. boi wn boi kliek, ne 
 tifc-tlfcj it has no carves nor crooks in it, it is 
 perfectly straight. cam keli wn ; this needle 
 has got bent. cf ktii sua" si fo wn-hwn ; tliis 
 hill is very irregular in its outline. sitn-lng 
 tit-cfti, b6 wn bd twn ; his is a candid nature, 
 wholly without duplicity. i m pi hfa wn- 
 
 wn iwn-twn ksli ; he is not like those who are 
 given to maneuvering. 
 
 *i^^ wn 85 To turn, to curve, to wind ; 
 
 [^ 1038 22 to bend, 
 kia" kan chara-che lo than, cek nilng wn tiii 
 cie" p6i", cSk nftng wn tiii hio" poi"; when they 
 came to the cross-roads one turned off in one 
 direction and one in the other. tng-wn c&k- 
 kak kill ui-clm, tieh cai hQang i ; it is a place 
 where there are long turns and sharp corners, 
 a spot full of intricate passages, where we must 
 be cautions. lo wn Ifti wn khi ; the path 
 
 winds hither and thither, ci tio khoi kku hd 
 e wn-wn khek-khek ; this river down below 
 there is very crooked, cilp wn poih khek c\a" 
 k^u hii k6 ; after innumerable turns we 
 reached the place. wn jip hang I5i ; turned 
 off into the warehouse. wn kuo sai p6i"; 
 
 turned off westward, wn jlp kaiig; turned into 
 the canal, lu mai" ut wn, tit-tit kia"; do not 
 turn a.side, go straight on. wn-wn khek-khek; 
 tortuous, serpentine. 
 
 wn-ie" Mandarin ducks, which 
 jf^^ k*n^ 1132 are patterns of conjugal 
 fidelity. 
 
 wn-ie" cfm ; a pillow for two ; a double pillow 
 used by the newly married. siu cek tiii wn- 
 ie"; embroidered a pair of mandarin ducks 
 upon it. 
 
 wn 85 An abyss. 
 1031 8 siang li thien 
 apart as heaven and earth. 
 
 wn: ay far 
 
 wn 130 A flexible joint. 
 1039 8 chfu wn ; the wrist. eng 
 chfu wn kai lak ; used strength of wrist. i 
 
 k^i sia ji oi eug wn lak ; his writing shows 
 firmness and flexibility in the hand. 
 
 wn 162 Remote either in time or 
 1137 10 place, 
 kai su fo kii-wn ; he considers what lies 
 far ahead. cie°-se° I'o kii-wn li tieh ke ci°; 
 
 this being much more lasting must cost more, 
 iong-wn si cie°-se''; it is always like that. nSi 
 kau ku-kii wn-wn k&i su ; this is something 
 that never ceases. 
 
 wn 40 Accommodating; to give in » 
 1130 6 yield to circumstances, 
 wn cwn ; having a disposition to yield. mai" 
 cng kai b6 wn cwn ; do not bo wholly unwill- 
 ing to yield a point, ji ke wn cwn ce cu seng ; 
 if each would give in a little the thing would 
 be done. 
 
 ^ n 
 
 wn 140 A park, a pasture ; a book 
 1137 5 of extracts ; fine luxuriant 
 herbage. 
 
 hang-wn ; an Academician. cfa si hang wn 
 kai chai-chfing ; these are the talents of a 
 member of the Imperial Academy, siang wn ; 
 imperial parks. sueh-wn ; a collection of 
 
 dialogues. 
 
 ^J3L *n 61 To dislike; to feel bitter 
 >L^\ 1138 6 against. 
 mai° sie wn ; do not cherish mutual dislike, 
 ta" li i6 i wn i, i wn i ; at present, each is 
 murmuring against the other. kio n&ng kak 
 Wn ; excite people's aversion. kak chiu kak 
 Wn ; excite enmity and ill-will. chua nang 
 
 wn-hflti; cause ill-will, i" tek po wn ; requite 
 injury with kindness. hu i un p6 un, wn pd 
 wii ; requite his kindness with kindness, hia 
 animosity with animosity, wn ka-ki k&i rala' 
 khiap ; repine at one's own lot. i t<5 luii" wn 
 lu ; he is cherishing dislike toward you. 'wn 
 thi" Wn tl ; bitter against the powers in heaven 
 and on earth. lu mki" ^a thi" wn ti, tieh ^n 
 lu ka-kl ; you should not complain against 
 everybody else, you should find fault with you- 
 self . cia tieh wn ka-ki, raai° wn pdt nftng ; 
 
 you should blame yourself for this, not other 
 people, ka" wn, m ka" ngan; dare feel but dare 
 not express dissatisfaction. m hd wn pe-bd 
 
 kSng ; one must not murmur at the poverty of 
 his parents, khau chut wn ngan ; grumbling, 
 wn b6 ko khu, \Vn pang i kp ; had no one else 
 to grumble at, and so grumbled at him. cia 
 bd wn ; this is not a cause for grievence. 
 
 X^^ wn 120 Because ; on account of ; 
 ^I^K 1136 9 an affinity, a recondite 
 sympathy. 
 
 wn-in mih su ? What were the circumstances 
 which brought it about ? nang cie"-se° si sng 
 CO u wn ; when a person is thus, there is a 
 reason for it. sim-mih wn-kii ? What is the 
 cause of it ? wn-hun ; in sympathy with. i 
 kai wn-iu lu ta" via thia"; relate to me the 
 causes which lead to it. iS wn choi" li iSng 
 
 siang hue, bo wn tiii min put siang hdng ; 
 where there is affinity people come together 
 from a thousand miles apart, where there is no 
 affinity those living on opposite sides the same 
 
DICTIONART OF THB SWATOW DIALKCT. 
 
 017 
 
 street do not corae across each other. thien 
 wu cho kha ; a providential meeting. to bo 
 wn ; no recondite causes which would produce 
 it; no luck conducing to it. wu-liun chien ; 
 little affinity, ho vvn ngo; a lucky coincidence, 
 kak nang kak nang kai wn ; each man has his 
 own luck, kit wn ; knit a relationship, kio i 
 kit wn ; do one's part in keeping up an 
 intimacy. cia shg si i kai wn ; this is his 
 
 affinity. hiie wn ; collect alms, as Buddhist 
 priests do. toi vvn ; contribute through the 
 
 hands of Buddhist priests. chiu lah cek png 
 wn-pho ; held in his hand a book referring 
 to the unknown operations of fate in human 
 affairs, in-wn ; marry whom fate has decreed, 
 si'e in-wn ; an illicit connection, bo wn bo ku ; 
 wholly without cause. 
 
 ii?;^ wn 40 To finish, to conclude ; cora- 
 ^Tljf 246 4 pleted, done; paid up; settled; 
 used up ; all gone ; entirely, 
 vvn a bue ? Is it finished ? ai° wn li'o ; it is 
 
 nearly done. khut i ciah wn khu; it was all 
 eaten up by him. ciah boi tit wn ; cannot eat 
 it all up. boi kau wn ; all sold off. to pa, 
 ciah m wn ; has eaten all he wants and has not 
 eaten all of it. a si co, tieh cp kau wn-chwn ; 
 if you do it at all, you must finish it. co kau 
 wn-wn chwn-chvvn ; completely finished, mih 
 much i"-keng wn-pi ; all things are wholly 
 ready. wn kang a biie ? Have they stopped 
 work yet ? eng biie wn ; it is not yet all 
 
 used up. cp wn lio ; it is done. tie ta° bue 
 wn ; was not yet through speaking. si toh ti 
 cek jit ki° wn phia ? What day has been fixed 
 upon for completing the betrothal ? nie wn a 
 bue ? Are your taxes all paid ? to-che lai 
 
 chui wn-nie ; the local agent has come to has- 
 ten the payment of the taxes. wn-kak cheng- 
 chp ; the payment of grain has been made in 
 full. ci cek bau, wn u jieh coi sio ; during 
 
 this half month, many bills have been settled, 
 wn-lap CO ci°; pay off the rent. 
 
 ^^ ^-^^ vvn-sui 140 Coriander. 
 35C XW 826 7 wn-sui ci ; coriander 
 seeds. wn-sui thah pua" thau ; crown the 
 
 dish with coriander. 
 
 S=\ wn 30 A classifier of officers ; an 
 ^^ ^ 1132 7 officer. 
 kua° wn ; officers, si bun wn a si bu wn ? Is 
 he a civil or a military officer ? bun bu kua°- 
 
 wn ci chii ci tSa ; both civil and military offi- 
 cers halt here and rest. cii si c6k wn-kua"; it 
 is an official. long vvn ; an efficient officer, 
 
 hli wn ; a high statesman, wu gua ; one who 
 fills an office without being an officer, wn giia 
 nng ; an officer in a Board who reports to its 
 Vice President. 
 
 wn 159 The side gates into the 
 1134 10 court of a yamuu or a 
 general's head-quarters. 
 
 ai° tui tang-wn-mng kp jip, a si ai" tui sai-wn- 
 mng kp jip ? Will you go in at the eastern 
 or the western entrance ? vvn-mng pp ; a 
 
 provincial governor's circular. 
 
 wn 94 The gibbons, as distinct from 
 1135 10 apes, babboons, or monkeys, 
 peh vvn ; the white gibbon. wn se" lui chin- 
 chie" kau ; gibbons resemble monkeys. 
 
 — wt — 
 
 Him ^^ — ^^^^ space under the knee. 
 nW* 492 11 kia" kau kha-wtthia"; walk- 
 ed till my legs ache. kha-wt kui kun tau- 
 thia" tau-thia" ne ; my legs cramp and ache. 
 
 S^ wt 68 To turn around ; a wheel by 
 -pT* 475 10 which to turn a machine; that 
 which causes a turning. 
 
 ci kia" su si i kio i wt-s\vn ; this affair has 
 been managed for her by him. cp-ni wt-swn, 
 wt-swn kau s^ng ? How shall we maneuver 
 that it may be brought to a consummation ? 
 
 wt 156 To overstep, to exceed, to 
 
 1130 5 pass over ; to go out of or 
 beyond one's place ; to transgress. 
 
 cxe°-se° sng si wt Idi, huam hiin ; this is over- 
 stepping the bounds of propriety, and going 
 beyond the limits of duty. vvt khong ; 
 
 pass over a court in an appeal to a higher, as 
 to go to the intendant from the district magis- 
 trate, wt i k&i li ; transgress their rules, i 
 cp su to si wt li wt huap ; he transgresses the 
 laws all the time. 
 
 wt 167 A battle-axe, whose blade is 
 
 1131 5 of a crescent shape ; a sort 
 of lictor's axe, borne as as a sign of authority, 
 pai kua kim-kue, wt-p6 ; range golden maces 
 and battle-axes. 
 
iiuii-uiiiuulhi II1U uuuiv 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA UBRARY