He? SHIN&fO \nmni\ irB' Insurance •HisT5oo 26 519,423 5,000 467,023 423,167 2,000 27 653,422 586,567 530,221 1,000 28 806,849 7,000 746,316 7,000 685,821 29 984,085 5,365 889,250 7,000 793,050 7,200 30 1,167,067 8,140 1,050,135 3,590 963,890 8,000 31 1,197,639 8,500 1,011,874 7,000 892,821 2,500 32 1,599,655 11,110 1,350,364 6,150 1,181,747 25,500 33 2,010,000 6,000 1,614,955 18,000 1,366,941 40,360 34 2,573,541 26,500 2,054,209 15,215 1,607,022 8,500 35 3,254,363 28,153 2,400,661 7,500 1,951,470 17,500 36 2,986,785 16,500 2,200,860 6,000 37 2,936,337 9,500 $15,938,242 $112,768 $16,206,143 $93,140 $16,463,782 $134,560 AGE AT EXPOSURE. 38 39 40 16 700 20 26,660 21 30,615 ,22 64,790 23 134,659 24 240,730 25 320,560 26 373,263 27 481,680 28 631,629 29 750,443 30 883,834 31 813,390 32 1,010,232 33 1,149,180 34 1,397,506 35 1,563,185 36 1,716,395 37 2,271,087 38 2,925,636 39 40 1,000 2,205 1,000 2,000 2,000 8,000 7,500 11,000 12,590 15,000 13,000 7,000 13,750 4,800 17*500 22,500 55,855 115,095 202,666 277,755 332,238 413,843 590,148 673,169 796,638 739,528 915,394 1,026,116 1,147,660 1,335,525 1,358,010 1,763,617 2,200,986 2,963,150 $16,786,174 $100,845 $16,947,393 "5 9,000 2,000 2,865 2,000 11,000 5,605 4,060 1,000 7,000 2,160 21,500 21,000 14,500 19,995 22,000 4,500 $150,300 4,000 14,500 44,500 93,675 153,245 245,335 292,525 369,320 525,698 610,952 703,925 652,645 835,191 946,547 1,009,758 1,185,578 1,107,440 1,397,394 1,801,244 2,263,605 2,790,502 11,000 6,500 2,000 2,770 13,300 7,340 16,000 4,900 9,500 15,000 13,500 14,250 21,000 15,000 11,500 $17,047,579 '$163,560 35 TABLE I. — Continued. AGE AT EXPOSURE. 41 42 43 Age at Entry. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. 20 3,000 2,000 2,000 21 5>5oo 4,500 4,500 22 35»5oo 25,500 18,000 23 71,120 33,300 21,800 24 101,735 76,235 67,900 5,000 25 185,515 2,000 137,615 100,985 26 234,937 1,000 187,775 1,000 125,875 27 316,590 4,500 278,276 3,000 208,815 28 444,261 3,899 398,681 4,000 359,325 1,000 29 530,934 2,000 475,265 6,000 416,765 7,000 30 641,045 1,000 587,400 1,615 522,837 8,000 31 571,880 2,000 529,705 3,500 485,893 3,500 32 751,625 9,500 659,121 4,035 633,820 7,500 33 878,024 25,500 761,936 9,500 692,889 14,140 34 928,216 3,800 830,144 10,100 734,133 18,520 35 1,073,039 16,000 992,648 2,125 928,147 26,000 36 967,131 11,785 827,047 13,500 732,048 4,750 37 1,159,819 14,000 1,004,770 14,000 878,102 8,000 38 1,417,697 7,500 1,203,156 1,967 1,041,532 1,000 39 1,816,232 23,000 1,453,637 4,000 1,243,893 19,000 40 2,047,437 11,500 1,705,999 31,000 1,365,386 23,500 41 2,433,976 32,000 1,829,326 29,000 1,527,651 25,500 42 2,436,685 12,885 1,887,125 21,500 43 1,976,763 17,000 $16,615,213 $170,984 $16,440,721 $151,227 $15,976,184 $210,910 36 T A B L E I . — Continued. AGE AT EXPOSURE. 44 45 46 Age at Entry. Ex]X>sures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. 20 2,000 2,000 31 3,000 22 7,500 23 11,800 6,000 6,000 24 46,500 33,500 20,500 25 73,100 10,000 25,895 13,500 26 93,920 1,000 74,475 2,250 34,600 27 173,770 220 117,820 84,550 28 270,470 7,255 188,560 5,000 105,790 1,000 29 366,390 1,000 254,435 1,000 173,815 10,000 30 457,587 7,000 392,215 23,095 307,780 8,000 31 430,385 2,500 396,220 11,000 328,996 5,190 32 564,005 2,035 518,105 1,000 465,070 4,080 33 627,624 10,200 551,616 7,900 502,241 6,000 34 621,457 8,000 556,032 15,500 465,833 9,085 35 829,664 1,000 734,676 19,910 675,707 6,000 36 688,095 3,090 634,461 16,770 567,178 13,500 37 795,102 9,500 706,707 6,425 642,377 1 2, 000 38 920,360 2,000 845,197 10,000 771,830 10,609 39 1,029,428 4,000 908,082 8,000 811,520 33,600 40 1,151,631 12,090 1,012,955 5,000 899,626 10,609 41 1,277,930 9,000 1,066,093 5,500 927,311 8,000 42 1,528,497 7,500 1,230,626 17,000 1,020,726 8,900 43 1,496,213 27,000 1,193,257 8,000 956,845 10,722 44 1,918,375 8,000 1,536,860 9,000 1,295,159 5,000 45 1,867,712 4,000 1,535,237 4,700 46 1,697,540 9,000 $15,384,803 $134,390 $14,851,499 $176,350 $14,309,731 $175,995 37 TABLE I. — Continued. AGE AT EXPOSURE. 47 48 49 Age at Entry. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. 23 6,000 24 14,500 13,000 25 12,500 10,000 3,000 26 21,600 11,600 8,825 27 59,350 2,000 34,575 25,575 1,000 28 85,290 72,190 45,690 29 127,405 3,000 93,215 10,000 41,000 30 207,055 1,000 138,075 92,900 2,000 31 246,410 3,000 180,645 12,000 136,090 32 396,385 5,000 276,715 166,095 3,000 33 454,008 6,000 395>i2i 3,000 303,781 11,500 34 418,115 5,400 380,705 4,000 320,770 3,000 35 586,126 3,000 511,235 12,000 455,944 36 518,453 14,670 466,016 1,000 407,178 4,000 37 562,215 4,000 526,095 9,000 474,920 2,000 38 719,085 5»5oo 651,665 8,000 571,928 1,000 39 710,785 3,095 657,747 10,700 581,051 10,000 40 812,144 17,000 749,486 6,500 659,836 5,500 41 843,049 7,000 771,059 13,200 700,856 7,000 42 863,948 10,000 778,610 16,400 714,590 7,400 43 767,941 3,000 625,654 562,966 21,000 44 1,018,317 22,000 870,798 4,500 752,350 45 1,296,672 7,500 1,065,562 41,500 848,775 12,000 46 1,345,650 4,500 1,083,478 13,000 893,372 5,500 47 1,604,980 21,000 1,262,525 21,500 1,034,938 30,000 48 1,266,056 2,000 974,097 12,000 49 1,171,300 7,000 $13,697,983 $147,665 $12,891,827 $188,300 $11,947,827 $144,900 38 TABLE I. — Continued. AGE AT EXPOSURE. 50 c I 52 Age at Entry. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. 26 5,000 • 27 16,575 16,575 28 37,000 28,500 5,500 29 28,500 21,000 8,500 30 59,400 45,500 29,500 31 78,260 38,310 27,169 2,500 32 109,635 91,315 70,490 1,500 33 224,466 154,660 "4,315 ",750 34 227,170 1,000 163,895 111,605 3,500 35 390,093 6,000 308,738 235,518 3,533 36 370,602 7,815 317,468 2,535 217,983 1,750 37 412,239 X65 366,565 100 317,270 7,455 38 518,275 350 457,351 1,000 421,880 9,268 39 530,795 6,500 497,"3 2,200 442,200 5,000 40 580,836 5,000 523,271 1,250 500,661 5,000 41 624,286 9,500 565,491 1,000 514,391 2,000 42 621,520 8,500 544,747 3,000 473,035 1,000 43 476,287 6,000 428,176 397,886 4,500 44 670,955 14,600 637,950 7,500 545,907 7,500 45 740,487 4,000 662,467 1,000 617,070 1,200 46 760,860 9,000 646,533 15,345 582,382 18,500 47 776,438 8,000 658,605 10,000 572,413 1,100 48 808,142 3,500 668,317 1,500 578,628 11,500 49 1,001,700 12,500 836,960 22,000 696,913 8,000 50 1,021,198 9,000 786,823 5,500 617,491 4,500 51 930,112 6,788 771,341 20,000 52 875,750 2,000 $11,090,719 $111,430 $10,396,442 $80,718 $9,745,798 $133,056 39 TABLE I. — Continued. 53 AGE AT EXPOSURE. 54 55 Age at Entry. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. 29 2,500 30 20,500 14,500 31 11,500 4,000 32 55,900 37,750 24,000 IZ 40,845 1,000 26,500 15,000 34 95,800 63,980 30,000 35 154,700 2,000 112,120 81,500 1,500 z(> 161,190 121,180 2,000 88,125 37 241,815 2,175 190,345 7,000 132,105 2,000 38 360,483 10,375 287,610 5,500 214,485 39 401,315 12,000 323,280 3,030 238,585 7,080 40 429,823 1,000 371,623 6,090 311,391 6,000 41 484,421 10,000 445,850 7,080 419,640 15,535 42 403,070 11,565 366,524 1,100 307,052 17,190 43 368,280 7,000 348,356 ,. 6,250 317,766 2,780 44 495,735 22,900 430,775 * 402,395 105 45 575,043 529,856 16,740 475,248 15,000 46 513,632 4,000 467,907 1,000 412,974 5,685 47 527,547 463,020 6,115 404,621 4,530 48 476,545 16,000 413,876 2,000 393,014 6,000 49 592,226 2,500 489,595 1,195 438,004 3,195 50 514,758 20,600 416,931 16,500 369,341 10,000 51 678,205 12,500 567,440 17,000 439,495 2,500 52 715,125 7,500 604,846 12,000 515,604 26,000 53 723,325 566,450 1,000 467,921 5,000 54 625,414 43,500 499,064 1,000 55 479,430 1,000 $9,044,283 $143,115 $8,289,728 $155,100 $7,476,760 $132,100 40 TABLE I. — Continued. AGE AT EXPOSURE. 56 57 58 Age at Entry. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. 32 11,000 33 12,000 2,500 9,500 34 13,000 7,000 6,000 35 59,000 28,000 19,000 36 70,450 54,000 6,000 40,000 37 96,945 1,000 70,140 3,000 51,880 38 176,285 6,960 125,800 2,500 69,930 39 170,220 9,600 126,865 2,000 71,465 2,000 40 201,323 2,950 164,448 11,000 125,963 1,145 41 360,310 3,000 269,503 4,300 176,180 5,260 42 263,305 2,000 234,345 6,000 186,080 1,000 43 295,624 • 283,786 2,000 250,186 1,000 44 376,790 8,000 348,190 3,870 284,530 1,850 45 427,780 5,000 367,202 10,000 312,789 11,000 46 365,455 4,000 ,v 329,290 5,575 299,301 7,500 47 353,479 13,000 302,975 640 271,655 7,000 48 345,595 3,500 298,730 3,000 244,504 3,000 49 404,725 7,000 381,945 20,000 339,020 17,000 50 325,959 155 303,916 6,000 273,416 8,000 51 382,799 15,500 329,895 3,900 281,814 6,000 52 416,667 383,955 1,000 343,795 21,000 53 377,335 5,000 310,835 10,500 282,720 13,000 54 404,734 7,500 346,039 3,000 292,150 5,000 55 406,680 8,030 330,445 1,000 295,245 8,800 56 558,825 3,500 445,325 10,500 378,010 2,000 57 317,099 260,224 5,000 58 444,750 1 2,000 $6,876,285 $108,195 $6,169,228 $115,785 $5,600,607 $138,555 41 TABLE I. — Continued. AGE AT EXPOSURE. 59 60 61 Age at Entry. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. 35 13,475 36 25,000 23,000 37 23,880 16,880 2,000 38 45,215 2,000 31,385 22,885 39 35,150 14,850 1,000 11,350 40 88,743 5,000 57,900 2,000 38,500 1,000 41 112,385 245 67,970 2,000 65,070 2,000 42 137,285 118,400 73,635 1,500 43 185,666 1,000 135,510 17,500 75,010 1,000 44 243,445 7,500 203,250 6,000 148,485 45 248,133 4,145 180,970 2,200 129,480 11,000 46 252,815 1,000 226,855 •10,500 195,456 15,175 47 220,855 1,000 192,945 8,645 159,055 48 219,690 8,000 199,400 2,000 178,995 4,600 49 290,630 23,000 231,195 7,600 191,970 7,375 50 245,851 13,000 215,965 15,200 189,586 5,600 51 244,860 7,940 227,400 2,500 217,320 5,000 52 287,850 11,500 259,845 3,410 239,205 5,000 53 235,630 5,000 199,855 190,930 54 222,280 1,500 189,659 3,000 167,524 1,600 55 245,405 223,005 11,500 184,405 13,000 56 282,270 2,500 261,580 6,000 222,985 10,000 57 204,524 1,000 172,514 8,000 139,904 2,000 58 380,250 350,737 12,000 275,715 1,000 59 364,250 10,500 315,750 9,000 242,668 60 302,475 2,000 212,100 6,000 61 251,500 20,000 $4,855,537 $105,830 $4,419,295 $132,055 $3,825,733 $112,850 42 TABLE I. — Continued. AGE AT EXPOSURE. 62 63 64 Age at Entry. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. 38 22,885 39 7,850 7,850 40 32,500 18,000 11,000 41 46,070 30,570 21,000 5,000 42 41,135 1,000 34,635 30,500 2,000 43 61,510 5,000 45,510 32,510 44 107,325 67,660 48,000 5,000 45 84,693 5,490 79,975 1,000 58,200 1,000 46 141,921 8,000 97,700 5.500 67,975 6,500 47 141,505 10,000 97,302 7,055 62,900 48 161,925 7,200 132,400 1,000 100,905 1,000 49 164,200 20,000 "6,455 2,000 97,395 3,000 50 163,993 11,245 139,171 1,000 138,216 5,175 51 177,927 4,500 144,850 1,530 137,555 27,500 52 202,560 8,500 169,120 11,000 151,436 1,500 53 180,158 2,000 175,140 156,965 2,000 54 161,334 154,389 14,000 124,764 6,255 55 165,005 5,000 109,805 101,405 56 189,435 3,200 179,630 7,500 158,385 3,000 57 117,194 10,000 95,799 88,444 3,000 58 224,225 15,000 197,640 6,680 161,555 2,500 59 229,829 23,000 171,444 30,000 125,950 6,000 60 185,100 2,500 167,575 163,375 10,600 61 197,500 145,250 2,000 121,793 13,000 62 137,250 3,000 99,500 86,850 5,500 63 105,596 2,500 86,346 3,000 64 100,000 2,000 $3,345,029 $144,635 $2,782,966 $92,765 $2,433,424 $114,530 43 TABLE I. — Continued. AGE AT EXPOSURE. 65 66 67 Age at Entry. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures, Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. 41 15,000 42 14,500 4,500 43 21,510 1, 000 15,510 2,510 8,000 44 29,000 25,000 4,000 15,000 45 47,000 5,000 31,500 15,500 46 47,840 37,840 32,120 47 5r,75<5 3,000 47,750 1,000 29,950 48 62,505 1,000 50,980 30,480 ' 49 61,120 51,590 2,000 48,815 8,000 50 101,116 5,000 75,161 43,501 1,000 51 85,545 74,515 3,000 48,810 10,000 52 131,500 5,000 114,103 18,735 72,820 2,480 53 132,165 4,000 125,245 108,845 5,000 54 106,259 9,000 77,509 5,000 57,309 1,000 55 97,347 1,000 79,560 72,060 6,110 56 153,770 5,000 142,020 3,810 138,210 15,150 57 80,614 5,000 72,499 1,095 66,684 600 58 135,015 1,000 126,015 14,000 87,645 59 110,075 6,500 94,450 3,000 82,403 10,000 60 117,075 10,000 109,575 5,275 88,300 2,000 61 94,180 82,015 12,675 68,040 62 65,200 57,208 51,595 63 74,181 66,181 1,250 47,431 64 80,875 2,500 66,400 51,000 1,000 65 79,000 64,250 54,100 200 66 27,750 6,500 20,000 67 40,500 1 0,000 $1,994,142 $64,000 $1,719,126 $83,850 $1,379,118 $72,540 44 TABLE I . — Continued. AGE AT EXPOSURE. 68 69 70 Age at entry. Exposures. Deaths, Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. 44 i5»ooo 45 I5.500 5,000 46 24,540 3,000 47 21,800 14,800 10,000 7,000 48 24,480 2,500 19,880 880 10,500 49 35,395 10,000 23,500 19,500 50 28,601 2,000 22,421 19,165 51 35,290 11,500 20,800 20,800 8,000 52 43,905 75 25,680 1,000 14,000 2,000 53 69,645 12,065 52,215 37,075 1,000 54 54,309 7,500 43,109 35,274 55 63,075 3,000 53,750 20,000 *i,55o 1,000 56 112,060 7,975 83,375 81,695 5,000 57 63,229 230 60,999 5,000 47,699 2,000 58 86,470 28,955 50,515 50,515 59 68,595 7,000 63,980 6,000 55,980 3,155 60 65,710 63,710 60,210 61 66,165 1,490 63,500 63,500 1,500 62 48,845 3,500 40,345 7,000 30,345 5,000 63 47,431 5,400 40,016 2,500 37,516 64 50,000 1,000 45,800 40,250 65 48,400 10,000 33,400 2,000 18,400 66 20,000 1,000 4,000 4,000 67 12,000 12,000 5,000 7,000 68 35,625 1,000 14,000 14,000 69 5,000 70 11,500 500 $1,156,070 $116,190 $864,795 $49,380 $710,474 $36,155 45 TABLE I. — Continued. AGE AT EXPOSURE. 7 I 72 73 Age at Entry. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. 47 3,000 48 3,000 49 13,500 2,000 6,500 2,000 50 13,165 11,165 410 9,755 51 12,000 10,000 2,000 8,000 52 6,000 1,000 1,000 53 17,075 16,000 3,000 13,000 54 18,274 15,774 13,774 55 18,050 300 8,000 7,000 56 41,695 555 40,044 2,000 35,500 17,000 57 42,619 41,619 5,000 19,264 58 47,515 36,955 33,340 290 59 51,325 9,500 37,849 2,000 31,825 1,000 60 58,618 57,500 53,445 4,000 61 60,000 1,335 58,665 1,650 51,715 62 25,345 23,245 2,145 21,100 63 33,016 1,500 30,016 1,000 28,516 64 37,500 5,000 30,000 30,000 65 16,400 16,400 12,640 66 4,000 4,000 1,000 3,000 3,000 67 6,000 6,000 2,000 68 3,000 1,000 1,125 1,125 70 11,000 10,075 10,075 71 7,500 7,500 5,000 $549,597 $21,190 $469,432 $21,205 $392,074 $25,290 AC JE AT EXPOSURE. 7 4 75 76 50 7,000 51 8,000 2,000 53 6,500 6,000 3,000 54 13,774 9,774 3,000 6,774 55 5,000 5,000 2,000 56 11,750 4,000 4,000 57 18,264 16,964 8,964 58 32,845 11,500 1,000 6,000 59 25,825 24,740 4,000 1,240 60 43,945 28,945 17,445 61 18,680 17,680 8,000 9,680 75 62 21,100 7,100 3,100. 63 22,516 485 22,031 85 20,946 64 25,000 24,320 1,000 23,320 65 12,290 9,570 3,890 5,000 2,000 67 2,000 2,000 2,000 68 1,125 1,125 1,125 70 10,075 7,575 5,075 71 5,000 5,000 $290,689 $5,485 $200,324 $20,975 $119,669 $2,075 46 TABLE I. — Continued. 77 AGE AT EXPOSURE. 78 79 Age at Entry. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. Exposures. Deaths. 53 3,000 54 6,774 2,000 55 2,000 2,000 2,000 56 4,000 4,000 3,000 57 8,964 1,200 6,764 5,764 5« 1,000 1,000 59 240 60 x6,445 5,000 5,945 4,000 2,500 61 7,000 7,000 62 3,100 450 63 20,946 946 20,000 10,000 64 13,320 320 13,000 10,000 3,000 65 3,000 3,000 3,000 67 2,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 68 1,125 1,125 125 x,ooo 70 5,075 5,075 5,075 5,000 $97,989 $15,466 $65,359 $11,125 $36,839 $7,500 AGE AT EXPOSURE. 80 81 82 57 4,764 60 1,500 1,500 1,500 64 2,000 2,000 65 3,000 3,000 3,000 68 1,000 1,000 1,000 70 75 75 75 $12,339 $2,000 $5,575 $5,575 AGE AT EXPOSURE. 83 84 68 70 1,000 19^ $1,019 1,000 $1,000 47 TABLE EXPOSURES AND Probable Mortality. Age at Actual Mor- Expos- Amount Exposed. tality. ure. American. Actuaries. 30 Offices. II 700 5 5 5 12 1,500 II 10 10 13 6,950 53 48 45 H 9,375 71 65 62 15 35,o°o 267 243 231 16 66,100 506 463 437 17 126,710 974 895 842 18 241,460 1,000 1,866 1,723 1,614 19 411,146 5,000 3,193 2,963 2,762 20 741,598 3,500 5,788 5,407 5,015 21 1,405,313 4,000 11,039 10,367 9,567 22 2,066,898 6,000 16,341 15,427 14,171 23 3,113,800 28,000 24,780 23,553 21,519 24 4,186,068 24,000 33,535 32,090 29,189 25 5,569,614 25,000 44,919 43,276 39,166 26 6,924,268 43,600 56,294 54,612 49,266 27 8,030,260 56,827 65,824 64,290 57,738 28 9,151,022 52,000 75,624 74,480 66,574 29 10,309,144 51,075 86,030 85,308 76,133 30 11,798,873 79,819 99,*429 99,406 88,315 31 12,629,476 80,750 107,477 108,326 96,009 32 13,657,407 93,550 "7,549 119,451 105,531. 33 14,484,461 96,235 126,276 129,177 114,007 34 15,172,910 141,470 133,992 137,988 121,793 35 15,938,242 112,768 142,584 148,024 130,885 36 16,206,143 93,140 147,298 153,705 135,970 37 16,463,782 134,560 152,027 159,475 141,440 38 16,786,174 100,845 157,924 166,274 148,155 39 16,947,393 150,300 162,458 171,684 153,83^ 40 17,047,579 163,560 166,964 176,637 159,565 41 16,615,213 170,984 166,285 176,321 160,287 42 16,440,721 151,227 168,550 179,105 164,374 43 15,976,184 210,910 168,022 179,748 165,369 44 15,384,803 134,390 166,602 179,956 165,556 45 14,851,499 176,350 165,787 181,367 - 166,381 46 14,309,731 175,995 165,449 183,723 167,252 47 13,697,983 147,665 164,376 185,142 167,485 48 12,891,827 188,300 161,264 183,837 165,196 49 11,947,827 144,900 156,588 179,946 160,806 50 11,090,719 111,430 152,841 176,775 157,211 51 10,396,442 80,718 151,177 175,679 155,479 52 9,745,798 133,056 149,978 174,908 154,120 48 II. DEATHS BY AGES. Probable Mortality. Ratio OF Actual to Probable Mortality. Mortality Rate. Age at Expos- H" H«(5). Ameri- A can. ai ctu- "ies. 30 Offices. H». H-(5). Deaths Amts. Exposed. ure. 3 2 11 5 5 12 20 20 13 26 28 14 100 114 IS 215 249 16 492 558 17 1,157 1,316 .536 580 .620 .864 .760 .004 141 18 2,362 2,763 1.566 1 688 1.810 2.117 i.Sio .012 161 19 4,694 6,175 .605 647 .698 .746 .567 .004720 20 9,451 13,571 .362 386 .418 .423 .295 .002 846 21 14,146 21,250 .367 389 •423 .424 .282 .062 903 22 21,062 33,346 1. 130 I 189 I.301 1.329 .840 .008 992 23 27,791 45,314 .716 748 .822 .864 .530 •005 733 24 36,927 58,514 .557 578 .638 .677 .427 .004 489 25 46,289 69,686 •775 798 •885 .942 .626 .006 297 26 55,441 79,845 .863 884 .984 1.025 .712 .007 077 27 65,631 88,802 .688 698 .781 .792 .586 .005 682 28 76,628 97,504 •594 599 .671 .667 •524 .004954 29 91,123 108,585 .803 803 •904 .876 •735 .006 765 30 99,988 115,838 •751 745 .841 .808 •697 .006 394 31 110,693 126,427 .796 783 .886 .845 .740 .006 850 32 1 20,004 133,619 .762 745 .844 .802 .720 .006 644 33 129,030 143,096 1.056 I 025 1. 162 1.096 .989 .009324 34 139,842 159,4^4 .791 762 .862 .806 .707 •007 075 35 147,622 167,685 •632 606 .685 .631 .555 .005 747 36 155,813 176,179 .885 844 •951 .864 .764 .008 173 37 164,169 185,739 •639 606 .681 .614 •543 .006 008 38 170,864 189,624 •925 875 •977 .880 .793 .008 869 39 175,692 192,910 .980 926 1.025 •931 .848 .009 594 40 174,244 188,034 1.028 970 1.067 .981 .909 .oio 291 41 176,475 190,318 .897 844 .920 .857 •795 .009 198 42 177,767 189,222 1-255 I 173 1275 i.i86 1.115 .013 202 43 177,787 188,495 .807 747 .812 .756 •713 .008 735 44 181,069 192,223 1.064 972 1.060 •974 .917 .011 874 45 185,168 195,457 1.064 958 1.052 •950 .900 .012 299 46 187,690 197,278 .898 798 .882 .787 •749 .010780 47 186,158 197,438 1. 168 I 024 1. 140 1.012 •954 .014606 48 181,846 194,355 •925 805 .901 •797 •746 .012 128 49 176,897 189,829 .729 630 •709 .630 •587 .010047 50 173,309 187,188 •534 460 •519 .466 •431 .007 764 51 171,029 183,085 .887 761 •863 .778 .727 •013653 52 49 TABLE Probable Mortality. Age at Actual Mor- Expos- Amount Exposed. tality. ure. American. Actuaries. 30 Offices. 53 9,044,283 143,115 147,720 172,682 151,510 54 8,289,728 155,100 144,208 168,389 147,383 55 7,476,760 132,100 138,851 161,977 141,535 56 6,876,285 108,195 136,735 159,021 138,708 57 6,169,228 115,785 131,620 152,250 133,009 58 5,600,607 138,555 128,456 147,778 129,150 59 4,855.537 105,830 120,029 137,153 119,966 60 4,419,295 132,055 117,964 134,064 117,231 61 3,825,733 112,850 110,487 124,765 109.144 62 3,345,029 144,635 104,673 117,477 102,6192 ^3 2,782,966 92,765 94,462 105,307 92,138 64 2,433,424 114,530 89,728 99,347 86,971 65 1,994,142 64,000 80,023 87,906 77,054 66 1,719,126 83,850 75,138 81,854 71,841 67 1,379,118 72,540 65,711 70,989 62,449 68 1,156,070 116,190 60,118 64,312 56,697 69 864,795 49,380 49,087 51,963 46,043 70 710,474 36,155 44,044 46,133 41,050 71 549,597 21,190 37,188 38,559 34,501 72 469,432 21,205 34,613 35,585 32,023 73 392,074 25,290 31,436 32,105 29,072 74 290,689 5,485 25,298 25,717 23,461 75 200,324 20,975 18,905 19,143 17,587 76 119,669 2,075 12,243 12,347 11,429 77 97,989 15,466 10,883 10,923 10,190 78 65,359 11,125 7,897 7,872 7,397 79 36,839 7,500 4,853 4,791 4,538 80 12,339 2,000 1,783 1,732 1,654 81 5,575 884 844 813 82 5,575 972 910 885 83 1,019 195 179 176 84 Totals 1,000 211 190 188 $458,068,193 $5,422,865 $5,904,432 $6,416,143 $5,717,848 - 50 II. — Con tin ued. Probable Mortality. Ratio of Actual to Probable Mortality. Mortality Rate. Age at Expos- ure. H<». H»(5). Ameri- can. Actu- aries. 30 Offices. H". H-Ks). Deaths Amu. Exposed. 168,224 180,080 .969 .829 •945 .851 .795 .015 824 53 163,589 173,595 1.076 .921 1.052 •948 .893 .018710 54 157,259 165,886 •951 .816 .933 .840 •796 .017668 55 154,393 161,634 .791 .680 .780 .701 .669 •015735 56 148,000 154,693 .880 .760 .871 .782 .748 .018768 57 143,521 148,847 1.080 •938 1.073 •965 .931 •024739 58 133,717 137,703 .882 .772 .882 .791 .769 .021 796 59 131,156 135,398 1.119 •985 1.126 1.007 .975 .029881 60 122,569 125,928 1.021 •905 1.034 .921 .896 .029 498 61 115,858 119,026 1.380 1.231 1.408 1.248 1.215 •043 239 62 104,333 107,144 .982 .881 1.007 .889 .866 •033 III 63 98,335 101,498 1.276 1153 1.317 1. 165 1.128 .047 065 64 86,608 88,967 .800 .728 .831 •739 .719 .032 094 65 80,058 82,236 1.116 1.024 1.167 1.047 1.020 •048775 66 68,803 70,276 1.104 1.022 1. 162 1.054 1.032 •052599 67 61,542 62,947 1.932 1.807 2.049 1.888 1.846 .100504 68 49,587 50,260 1.006 •950 1.072 •996 .982 .057 100 69 44,186 44,643 .821 .784 .881 .818 .810 .050 889 70 37,400 37,680 •570 •550 .614 .567 .562 .038556 71 35,179 35,466 •613 •596 .662 .603 .598 .045 172 72 32,487 32,730 .804 .790 .870 •778 .773 .064 503 73 26,509 26,810 .217 .213 .234 .207 .205 .018868 74 19,704 19,931 1. 110 1.096 1. 193 1.065 1.052 .104705 75 12,729 12,942 .169 .168 .182 .163 .160 .017339 76 11,238 11,316 1.421 1.416 1.518 1.376 1.367 .157834 77 8,053 8,146 1.409 1-413 1.504 1.381 1.366 .170214 78 4,902 4,970 1.545 1565 1653 1.528 1.509 .203589 79 1,785 1,799 1. 122 1.155 1.209 1. 120 1. 112 .162088 80 881 88s 81 955 961 82 189 189 83 199 199 84 $6,240,667 $6,815,885 .918 .845 .948 .869 .796 .01 184 Totals 51 TABLE EXPOSURES AND DEATHS Probable Mortality. Ages at Exposure. Amount Exposed. Actual Mortality. American. Actuaries. 30 Offices. 11-15 53,525 407 371 353 16-20 1,587,014 9,500 12,327 11,451 10,670 21-25 16,341,693 87,000 130,614 124,713 113,612 26-30 46,213,567 283,321 383,201 378,096 338,026 31-35 71,882,496 524,773 627,878 642,966 568,225 . 36-40 83,451,071 642,405 786,671 827,775 738,961 }3 41-45 4) 79,268,420 843,861 835,246 896,497 821,967 >* 46-50 63,938,087 768,290 800,518 909,423 817,950 51-55 44,953,011 644,089 731,934 853,635 750,027 56-60 27,920,952 600,420 634,804 730,266 638,064 61-65 14,381,294 528,780 479,373 534,802 467,999 66-70 5,829,583 358,115 294,098 315,251 278,080 71-75 1,902,116 94,145 147,440 151,109 136,644 76-84 345,364 38,166 39,9.21 39,788 37,270 $458,068,193 $5,422,865 $5,904,432 $6,416,143 $5,717,848 11—20 1,640,539 9,500 12,734 11,822 11,023 21-30 62,555,260 370,321 513,815 502,809 451,638 S 31-40 155,333,567 1,167,178 1,414,549 1,470,741 1,307,186 ^ 4.-50 143,206,507 1,612,151 1,635,764 1,805,920 1,639,917 51-60 72,873,963 1,244,509 1,366,738 1,583,901 1,388,091 61-70 20,210,877 886,895 773,471 850,053 746,079 71-84 2,247,480 132,311 187,361 190,897 173,914 $458,068,193 $5,422,865 $5,904,432 $6,416,143 $5,717,848 52 III. BY GROUPS OF AGES. Probabt.k Mortauty. Ratio of Actual to Probable Mortality. Mortality Rate. Ages at Exposure. H"". H-Ks). Ameri- can. Actu- aries. 30 Offices. H» H»(5). Deaths Amts. Exposed. 154 169 11-15 8,920 11,061 .771 .830 .890 ! 1.065 .859 •00599 16-20 I09»377 171,99s .666 .698 .766 •795 .506 .00532 21-25 335>"2 444,422 •739 •749 .838 .845 .638 .00613 26-30 599,557 678,394 .836 .817 .924 •875 •774 .00730 31-35 814,160 912,137 .817 .776 .869 .789 .704 .00770 36-40 . 887,342 948,292 I.OIO •941 1.027 •951 .890 .01065 41-45 l3 . 917,759 974,357 .960 .845 •939 .837 .789 .01202 46-50 >* 833»4io 889,834 .880 .755 .859 •773 .724 .01433 10 51-55 710,787 738,275 .946 .822 .941 .845 •813 ,02150 56-60 527,703 542,563 1. 103 •989 1. 130 1,002 •975 .03677 61-65 304,176 310,362 1,218 1. 136 1.288 1.177 1.154 .06143 66-70 151,279 152,617 •639 .623 .689 .622 .617 .04950 71-75 40,931 41,407 •956 •959 X.024 •932 .922 .11050 76-84 $6,240,667 $6,815,885 .918 .845 .948 .869 .796 .01184 9,074 11,230 .746 .804 .862 1,047 .846 .00579 11-20 444,489 616,417 .721 .737 .820 .833 .601 .00592 21-30 1,413,717 1,590,531 .825 .794 .893 .826 •732 .00756 31-40 g 1,805,101 1,922,649 .986 .893 •983 .893 .839 .01126 41-50 ;*; 1,544,197 1,628,109 .911 .786 .897 .806 .764 .01708 51-60 831,879 852,925 1. 147 1.043 1. 189 1.066 1.040 .04388 61-70 192,210 194,024 .706 .693 .761 .688 .682 .05887 71-84 $6,240,667 $6,815,885 .918 .845 .948 .869 .796 .01184 53 TABLE Probable Mortality. Ages at Exposure. Amount Exposed. Actual Mortality. American. Actuaries. 30 Offices. 11-25 17,982,232 96,500 143,348 136,535 124,635 w 26-40 201,547,134 1,450,499 1,797,750 1,848,837 1,645,212 >! 41-55 188,159,518 2,256,240 2,367,698 2,659,555 2,389,944 xn 56-70 48,131,829 1,487,315 1,408,275 1,580,319 1,384,143 71-84 2,247,480 132,311 187,361 190,897 173,914 $458,068,193 $5,422,865 $5,904,432 $6,416,143 $5,717,848 to "-3° 64,195,799 379,821 526,549 514,631 462,661 rt 31-50 298,540,074 2,779,329 3,050,313 3,276,661 2,947,103 >* 51-70 93,084,840 2,131,404 2,140,209 2,433,954 2,134,170 N 71-84 2,247,480 132,311 187,361 190,897 173,914 $458,068,193 $5,422,865 $5,904,432 $6,416,143 $5,717,848 (0 13 "-35 136,078,295 904,594 1,154,427 1,157,597 1,030,886 > 36-60 299,531,541 3,499,065 3,789,173 4,217,596 3,766,969 JO 61-84 22,458,357 1,019,206 960,832 1,040,950 919,993 $458,068,193 $5,422,865 $5,904,432 $6,416,143 $5,717,848 (A rt 11-40 219,529,366 1,546,999 1,941,098 1,985,372 1,769,847 >* 41-84 CO 238,538,827 3,875,866 3,963,334 4,430,771 3,948,001 $458,068,193 $5,422,865 $5,904,432 $6,416,143 $5,717,848 54 1 1 1. — Continued. Probable Mortality. Ratio of Actual to Probable mortauty. mortauty Rate. Ages at H"> H«(5). Ameri- can. Actu- aries. 30 Offices. H-. H«(5). Deaths Exposure. Amts. Exposed. 1 18.45 1 183,225 .673 .707 •774 .8'5 •527 .00536 11-25 1,748,829 2,034,953 .809 .785 .882 .829 .713 .00719 26-40 2 2,638,511 2,812,483 •953 .848 •944 .855 .802 .01200 4.-55 ^ 1,542,666 1,591,200 1.056 .941 ^•07 5 .964 •935 .03090 56-70 10 192,210 194,024 .706 •693 .761 .688 .682 .05887 71-84 $6,240,667 $6,815,885 .918 .845 .948 .869 .796 .01184 453,563 627,647 .721 •738 .821 .837 .605 .00592 11-30 ^ 3,218,818 3,513,180 .911 .848 •943 .863 .791 .00931 31-50 2 2,376,076 2,481,034 •996 .876 •999 .897 •859 .02290 51-70 > 192,210 194,024 .706 •693 .761 .688 .682 .05887 71-84 '^ $6,240,667 $6,815,885 .918 .845 .948 .869 .796 .01184 1,053,120 1,306,041 .784 .781 .877 .859 .693 .00665 • CO "-35 }3 4,163,458 4,462,895 •923 .830 •929 .840 •784 .01168 36-60 >« 1,024,089 1,046,949 1.06 1 •979 1. 108 995 •974 •04538 61-84 {? $6,240,667 $6,815,885 .918 .845 .948 .869 .796 .01 184 1,867,280 2,218,178 .797 •779 .874 .828 .697 .00705 11-40 g 4,373,387 4,597,707 .978 .875 .982 .886 .843 .01625 41-84^ 2. $6,240,667 $6,815,885 .918 .845 .948 .869 .796 .01 184 CO 55 TABLE EXPOSURES AND DEATHS Years of Mem- bership. Amount Exposed. Actual Mor- tality. Probable Mortality, American. Actuaries. H'-Cs). I 2 3 4 5 1-5 6 7 8 9 lO 6-IO II 12 13 14 15 II-I5 16 17 18 19 20 16-20 21 22 23 24 25 21-25 Totals 79,171,620 59,274,210 47,537,319 37,929,604 31,763,704 470,672 500,230 466,660 471,092 378,657 807,485 627,905 523,502 434,838 377,002 851,642 668,368 561,389 469,446 409,017 937,794 727,973 605,974 502,955 435,707 255,676,457 27,147,624 24,042,256 21,807,974 19,711,902 17,770,497 2,287,311 349,410 290,779 271,430 266,399 282,310 2,770,732 334,613 307,691 290,643 273,160 259,039 2,959,862 364,727 336,748 319,135 300,803 285,796 3,210,403 386,530 355,395 335,646 315,498 298,940 110,480,253 15,763,610 14,243,391 12,722,550 11,199,674 9,913,580 1,460,328 258,445 209,645 157,090 188,579 226,439 1,465,146 242,550 228,877 215,860 196,913 183,551 1,607,209 268,144 253,307 239,039 218,483 203,607 1,692,009 279,606 263,616 248,209 226,411 210,515 63,842,805 8,338,441 6,215,383 4,413,594 3,136,562 2,229,117 1,040,198 169,020 118,940 136,718 48,350 85,500 1,067,751 158,344 124,845 90,602 67,483 50,731 1,182,580 175,922 138,563 100,895 75,281 56,495 1,228,357 182,786 141,915 103,833 77,293 57,829 24,333,097 1,437,018 984,597 654,363 416,318 243,285 558,528 28,700 18,380 10,410 17,010 2,000 492,005 37,192 27,945 21,015 14,461 8,185 547,156 41,146 30,744 22,888 15,642 8,916 563,656 41,969 31,251 23,251 15,922 9,067 3,735,581 76,500 108,798 119,336 $6,416,143 121,460 $458,068,193 $5,422,865 $5,904,432 $6,815,885 56 IV. BY YEARS OF MEMBERSHIP. Ratio of Actual tc > Probable Ratio of Probable TO Actual Mortality MORTALITV Mortality. Rate. Years of American. Actuaries. H»(5). American. Actuaries. H-(5). Deaths Amts. Exposed. Mem- bership. .583 •553 .502 I.71S 1.808 1.992 •00594 I •797 .749 .687 ^•255 1335 1.456 .00844 2 .891 •831 .770 1. 122 1.203 1.299 .00982 3 1.083 1.004 •937 •923 .996 1.067 .01242 4 1.004 .926 .869 .996 1.080 1. 151 .01192 5 .826 .773 .712 1. 211 1.294 1.404 .00895 1-5 1.044 .958 .904 •958 1.044 1. 106 .01287 6 •945 .864 .818 1.058 1.157 1.222 .01209 7 •934 •851 .809 1.07 1 1^175 1.236 .01245 8 •975 .886 •844 1.026 1. 129 1. 185 •01351 9 1.090 .988 •944 .917 I.OI2 I •059 .01589 10 •997 .909 .863 1.003 1. 100 1-159 .01322 6-10 1.066 .964 .924 •938 1-037 1.082 .01640 II .916 .828 •795 1.092 1.208 1.258 .01472 12 .728 •657 . .633 1-374 1.522 1.580 •0123s 13 .958 .863 •833 1.044 ^•i59 1.200 .01684 14 1.234 1. 112 1.076 .810 •899 .929 .02284 15 •974 .880 .847 1.027 1. 136 1. 181 .01629 11-15 1.067 .961 •925 •937 1.041 1,081 .02027 16 •953 •858 •838 1.049 1. 166 1. 193 .OT914 17 1.509 1-355 1317 •663 •738 •759 .03098 18 .716 .642 .626 1397 ^•558 1597 .01541 19 1.685 1.513 1.478 •593 . .661 .677 .03836 20 1^135 1.021 •991 .881 •979 1.009 .02295 16-20 .772 .698 .684 1.295 1-433 1.462 .01997 21 .658 •598 .588 1.520 1.672 1.701 .01867 22 •495 •455 .448 2.020 2.198 2.232 .01591 23 1. 176 1.087 1.068 .850 .920 •936 .04086 24 .244 .224 .221 4.098 4.464 4-525 .00822 25 •703 .641 .630 1.422 1.560 1-587 .02048 21-25 .918 .845 .796 1.089 I.183 1.256 .01184 Totals 57 TABLE V. EXPOSURES AND DEATHS BY GROUPS OF YEARS OF MEMBERSHIP AND YEARS OF AGE AT ISSUE. II-I5 MORTALITY. Grouped Years of Ratio Actual to [ Amount Probable Mortality. Member- Exposed. PROBABLE. ship. Actual. American. Actuaries. American. Actuaries. I- 5 154,430 1,180 1,086 10 225,605 1,500 1,742 1,615 .861 .929 15 264,255 1,500 2,057 1,925 .729 •779 20 269,405 1,500 2,101 1,969 .714 .762 25 269,405 1,500 2,101 1,969 .714 .762 6-10 71,175 1,500 562 529 2.669 2.836 15 109,825 1,500 877 839 1. 710 1.788 20 "4,975 1,500 921 883 1.629 1.699 25 "4,975 1,500 921 883 1.629 1.699 11-15 38,650 315 310 20 43,800 359 354 25 43,800 359 354 16-20 5,150 44 44 25 5,150 44 44 21-25 16-20 I- 5 2,790,136 12,000 21,869 20,492 •549 .586 10 3,832,471 25,000 30,348 28,722 .824 .870 15 4,454,401 27,750 35,658 34,082 .778 .814 20 4,712,941 27,750 38,003 36,522 •731 .760 25 4,728,041 29,750 38,155 36,682 .780 .811 6-10 1,042,335 13,000 8,479 8,230 1-533 1.580 15 1,664,265 15,750 13,789 13,590 1. 142 1-159 20 1,922,805 15,750 16,134 16,030 •976 •983 25 1,937,905 17,750 16,286 16,190 1.090 1.096 11-15 621,930 2,750 5,310 5,360 .518 •513 20 880,470 2,750 7,655 7,800 •359 •353 25 895,570 4,750 7,807 7,960 .608 •597 16—20 258,540 2,345 2,440 25 273,640 2,000 2,497 2,600 .801 -769 21-25 15,100 2,000 152 160 13.158 12.500 — — 58 TABLE V. — Continued. 21-25 Grouped Years of Member- ship. Amount Exposed. MORTALITY. Ratio Actual to Probable Mortality. ACTUAL, PROBABLE. American. Actuaries. American. Actuaries. I- 5 23,321,290 135,965 188,287 181,473 .722 .749 10 32,293,253 201,215 264,357 257,841 .761 .780 15 37,458,439 234,400 311,047 306,382 .754 .765 20 39,694,062 261,515 333,063 329,701 •785 .793 25 40,007,057 261,515 336,551 333,520 •777 .784 6—10 8,971,963 65,250 76,070 76,368 .858 .854 15 14,137,149 98,435 122,760 124,909 .802 .788 20 16,372,772 125,550 144,776 148,228 .867 .847 25 16,685,767 125,550 148,264 152,047 .847 .826 II-15 5,165,186 33,185 46,690 48,541 .711 .684 20 7,400,809 60,300 68,706 71,860 .878 •839 25 7,713,804 60,300 72,194 75,679 .835 •797 16-20 2,235,123 27,115 22,Ol6 23,319 1.232 1.163 25 2,548,618 27,115 25,504 27,138 1.063 •999 21-25 312,995 3,488 3,819 26-30 I- 5 47,947,256 307,731 403,212 402,290 •763 .765 10 68,350,681 475,916 586,354 592,130 .812 .804 15 80,560,847 586,175 706,322 719,164 .830 .815 20 85,303,780 667,995 758,933 776,672 .880 .860 25 85,997,835 670,995 768,310 787,457 .873 .852 6-10 20,403,425 168,185 183,142 189,840 918 .886 15 32,613,591 278,444 303,110 316,874 .919 .879 20 37,356,524 360,264 355,721 374,382 1.013 .962 25 38,050,579 363,264 365.098 385,167 •995 •943 H-15 12,210,166 110,259 119,968 127,034 .919 .868 20 16,953,099 192,079 172,579 184,542 1.113 1.041 25 17,647,154 195,079 181,956 195,327 1.072 •999 16-20 4,742,933 81,820 52,611 57,508 1-555 1.423 25 5,436,988 84,820 61,988 68,293 1.368 1.242 21-25 694,05s 3,000 9,377 10,785 .320 .278 59 T A B L E V. — Continued. 31-35 Grouped Years of Member- ship. Amount Exposed. MORTALITY. Ratio / Probable LCtual to PROBABLE. Mortality. American. Actuaries. American. Actuaries. I- s 52,759,672 387,788 470,664 486,631 .824 •797 10 75,984,909 660,323 698,332 727,634 .946 .907 15 89,473,321 828,608 849,390 893,323 .976 .928 20 94,796,619 902,081 921,498 976,244 •979 .924 25 95,501,538 911,081 934,170 990,993 •975 .919 6-10 23,225,237 272,535 227,668 241,003 1.197 1. 131 15 36,713,649 440,820 378,726 406,692 1. 164 1.084 20 42,036,947 514,293 450,834 489,613 1. 141 1.050 25 42,741,866 523,293 463,506 504,362 1. 129 1.038 II-I5 13,488,412 168,285 151,058 165,689 1. 114 1.016 20 18,811,710 241,758 223,166 248,610 1.083 •972 25 19,516,629 250,758 235,838 263,359 1.063 •952 16—20 5,323,298 73,473 72,108 82,921 1.019 .886 25 6,028,217 81,473 84,780 97,770 .961 •833 21-25 704,919 9,000 12,672 14,749 .710 .610 36-40 I- 5 47,247,935 341,352 459,827 486,217 .742 .702 10 67,673,388 574,285 688,491 736,918 .834 •779 15 79,824,636 704,193 856,359 930,428 .822 .757 20 84,696,008 805,248 944,458 1,032,970 .853 .780 25 85,500,488 820,248 964,679 1,056,036 .850 •777 6-10 20,425,453 232,933 228,664 250,701 1.019 .929 15 32,576,701 362,841 396,532 444,211 •915 .817 20 37,448,073 463,896 484,631 546,753 •957 .848 25 38,252,553 478,896 504,852 569,819 •949 .840 11-15 12,151,248 129,908 167,868 193,510 •773 .671 20 17,022,620 230,963 255,967 296,052 .902 .780 25 17,827,100 245,963 276,188 319,118 .892 .771 16-20 4,871,372 101,055 88,099 102,542 1. 147 .985 25 5,675,852 116,055 108,320 125,608 1.071 .924 21-25 804,480 15,000 20,221 23,066 .742 .650 60 TABLE V. — Continued. 41-45 Grouped Years of Member- ship. Amount Exposed. MORTALITY. Ratio Actual to Probable Mortality. ACTUAL. PROBABLE. American. Actuaries. American. Actuaries. I- 5 35>883,i2i 352,707 397,058 433,721 .888 .813 10 51,991,886 549,647 618,228 688,426 .889 .798 15 61,522,309 695,117 793,802 892,611 .876 •779 20 65,269,767 778,112 888,801 1,000,911 .875 •777 25 65,942,287 805,622 914,188 1,028,893 .881 .783 6-10 16,108,765 196,940 221,170 254,705 .890 •773 15 25,639,188 342,410 396,744 458,890 .863 .746 20 29,386,646 425,405 491,743 567,190 .865 .750 25 30,059,166 452,915 517,230 595,172 .876 .761 11-15 9,530,423 145,470 175,574 204,185 .829 .712 20 13,277,881 228,465 270,573 312,485 .844 •731 25 13,950,401 255,975 296,060 340,467 .865 .752 16-20 3,747,458 82,995 94,999 108,300 .874 .766 25 4,419,978 110,505 120,386 136,282 .918 .811 21-25 67,520 27,510 25,387 27,982 1.084 .983 46-50 I- 5 23,069,926 270,100 311,180 357,604 .868 •755 10 33,513,966 455,420 502,088 579,678 .907 .786 15 38,981,062 624,275 644,228 741,390 .969 .842 20 40,875,546 714,505 715,315 819,806 •999 .872 25 41,235,706 727,295 735,813 841,472 .988 .864 6-10 10,444,040 185,320 190,908 222,074 .971 .834 15 15,911,136 354,175 333,048 383,786 1.063 .923 20 17,805,620 444,405 404,135 462,202 1. 100 .961 25 18,165,780 457,195 424,633 483,868 1.077 •945 11-15 5,467,096 168,855 142,140 161,712 1. 188 1.044 20 7,361,580 259,085 213,227 240,128 1. 215 1.079 25 7,721,740 271,875 233,725 261,794 1 163 1.039 16—20 1,894,484 90,230 71,087 78,416 1.269 1.151 25 2,254,644 103,020 91,585 100,082 1.125 1.029 21-25 360,160 12,790 20,498 21,666 .624 •590 61 TABLE V. — Continued, 51-55 * Grouped Years of Member- ship. Amount Exposed. MORTALITY. Ratio Actual to Probable Mortality. ACTUAL. PROBABLE. American. Actuaries. American. Actuaries. I- 5 12,885,057 206,618 231,695 269,662 .892 .766 lO 18,634,579 353,968 380,356 438,874 •931 .807 15 21,650,797 507,098 496,199 566,399 1.022 •895 20 22,391,232 562,518 538,072 610,687 1-045 .921 25 22,515,828 568,518 549,247 622,029 1-035 •914 6-10 5,749,522 147,350 148,661 169,212 .991 .871 15 8,765,740 300,480 264,504 296,^^37 1-136 1.013 20 9,506,175 355,900 306,377 341,025 1. 162 1.044 25 9,630,771 361,900 317,552 352,367 1. 140 1.027 11-15 3,016,218 153,130 115,843 127,525 1.322 1. 201 20 3,756,653 208,550 157,716 171,813 1.322 1. 214 25 3,881,249 214,550 168,891 183,155 1.270 1.171 16-20 740,435 55,420 41,873 44,288 1.324 1.251 25 865,031 61,420 53,048 55,630 1. 158 1. 104 21-25 124,596 6,000 11,175 11,342 •537 .529 56-60 I- 5 7,050,518 174,100 182,773 207,989 •953 •837 10 10,042,986 295,850 299,009 335,806 •989 .881 15 11,668,223 390,225 395,596 437,393 .986 .892 20 12,115,797 427,570 434,001 476,480 •985 •897 25 12,162,553 428,770 439,829 482,247 •975 .889 6-10 2,992,468 121,750 116,236 127,817 1.047 •953 15 4,617,705 216,125 212,823 229,404 1.016 .942 20 5,065,279 253,470 251,228 268,491 1.009 .944 25 5,112,035 254,670 257,056 274,258 .991 .929 11-15 1,625,237 94,375 96,587 101,587 •977 •929 20 2,072,811 131,720 134,992 140,674 •976 •936 25 2,119,567 132,920 140,820 146,441 •944 .908 16-20 447,574 37,345 38,405 39,087 .972 .955 25 494,330 38,545 44,233 44,854 .871 •859 21-25 46,756 1,200 5,828 5,767 .206 .208 62 TABLE V. — Continued. 61-65 Grouped Years of Member- ship. Amount Exposed. MORTALITY. Ratio Actual to Probable Mortality. ACTUAL. PEOBABLE. American. Actuaries. American. Actuaries. I- 5 2,263,391 68,950 85,364 94,112 .808 .733 10 3»25o,76i "5,515 143,359 155,193 .806 .744 15 3,770,631 147,371 188,629 201,221 .781 .732 20 3,834,861 156,446 196,644 209,146 .797 •748 25 3,834,861 156,446 196,644 209,146 .797 .748 6-10 987,370 46,565 57,995 61,081 .803 .762 15 1,507,240 78,421 103,265 107,109 759 .732 20 1,571,470 87,496 111,280 "5,034 .786 .761 25 1,571,470 87,496 111,280 115,034 .786 .761 11-15 519,870 31,856 45,270 46,028 .704 .692 .20 584,100 40,931 53,285 53,953 .768 .759 25 584,100 40,931 53,285 53,953 .768 •759 16-20 64,230 9,075 8,015 7,925 1.132 1. 145 25 64,230 9,075 8,015 7,925 1.132 1. 145 21-25 66-71 I- 5 303,725 30,000 17,623 18,585 1.702 1.614" 10 362,225 39,000 23,214 24,234 1.680 1.609 15 370,594 41,125 24,342 . 25,333 1.689 1.623 20 372,594 41,125 24,745 25,699 1.662 1.600 25 372,594 41,125 24,745 25,699 1.662 1.600 6-10 58,500 9,000 5,591 5,649 1.610 1-593 15 66,869 11,125 6,719 6,748 1.656 1.649 20 68,869 11,125 7,122 7,"4 1.562 1.564 25 68,869 11,125 7,122 7,"4 1.562 1.564 11-15 8,369 2,125 1,128 1,099 1.884 1-934 20 10,369 2,125 1,531 1,465 1.388 1.45 1 25 10,369 2,125 1,531 1,465 1.388 1.451 16-20 2,000 403 366 25 2,000 403 366 21-25 63 TABLE V. — Continued. 11-20 Grouped Years of Member- ship. Amount Exposed. MORTALITY. Ratio Actual to Probable Mortality, ACTUAL. PROBABLE. American. Actuaries. American. Actuaries, I- 5 2,944,566 12,000 23,049 21,578 •521 •556 lO 4,058,076 26,500 32,090 30,337 .826 .874 15 4,718,656 29,250 37,715 36,007 .776 .8l2 20 4,982,346 29,250 40,104 38,491 .729 .760 25 4,997,446 31,250 40,256 38,651 .776 .809 6-10 1,113,510 14,500 9,041 8,759 1.603 1-655 15 1,774,090 17,250 14,666 14,429 1. 176 1. 197 20 2,037,780 17,250 17,055 16,913 I. on 1.020 25 2,052,880 19,250 17,207 17,073 1. 119 1. 128 11-15 660,580 2,750 5,625 5,670 .489 .485 20 924,270 2,750 8,014 8,154 •343 -337 25 939,370 4,750 8,166 8,314 .582 .571 16-20 263,690 2,389 2,484 25 278,790 2,000 2,541 2,644 .787 •756 21-25 15,100 2,000 152 160 13-158 12.500 21-30 I- 5 71,268,546 443,696 591,499 583,763 •750 .760 10 100,643,934 677,131 850,711 849,971 .796 .798 15 118,019,286 820,575 1,017,369 1,025,546 .807 .800 20 124,997,842 929,510 1,091,996 1,106,373 .851 .840 25 126,004,892 932,510 1,104,861 1,120,977 .844 .832 6-10 29,375^388 233,435 259,212 266,208 901 .877 15 46,750,740 376,879 425,870 441,783 .885 -853 20 53,729,296 485,814 500,497 522,610 .971 .930 25 54,736,346 488,814 513,362 537,214 •953 .910 11-15 17,375,352 143,444 166,658 175,575 .861 .817 20 24,353,908 252,379 241,285 256,402 1.046 .984 25 25,360,958 255,379 254,150 271,006 1.005 .942 16-20 6,978,556 108,935 74,627 80,827 1.460 1.348 25 7,985,606 "1,935 87,492 95,431 1.279 1-173 21-25 1,007,050 3,000 12,865 14,604 •233 .205 64 TABLE V. — Continued. 31-40 Grouped Years of Member- ship. Amount Exposed. MORTALITY. Ratio Actual to Probable Mortality. ACTUAL. PROBABLE. American. Actuaries. American. Actuaries. I- 5 100,007,607 729,140 930,491 972,848 .784 •749 10 143,658,297 1,234,608 1,386,823 1,464,552 .890 •843 15 169,297,957 1,532,801 1,705,749 1,823,751 .898 .840 20 179,492,627 1,707,329 1,865,956 2,009,214 •915 .850 25 181,002,026 1,731,329 1,898,849 2,047,029 .912 .846 6-IO 43,650,690 505,468 456.332 491,704 1.108 1.028 15 69,290,350 803,661 775,258 850,903 1.037 •945 20 79,485,020 978,189 935,465 1,036,366 1.046 •944 25 80,994,419 1,002,189 968,358 1,074,181 1035 •933 H-15 25,639,660 298,193 318,926 359,199 .935 .830 20 35,834,330 472,721 479,133 544,662 .987 .868 25 37,343,729 496,721 512,026 582,477 .970 .853 16-20 10,194,670 174,528 160,207 185,463 1.089 .941 25 11,704,069 198,528 193,100 223,278 1.028 .889 21-25 1,509,399 24,000 32,893 37,815 .730 •635 41-50 I- 5 58,953,047 622,807 708,238 79i»32S .879 .787 10 85,505,852 1,005,067 1,120,316 1,268,104 .897 •793 15 100,503,371 1,319,392 1,438,030 1,634,001 .917 .807 20 106,145,313 1,492,617 1,604,116 1,820,717 •930 .820 25 107,177,993 1,532,917 1,650,001 1,870,365 .929 .820 6-10 26,552,805 382,260 412,078 476,779 .928 .802 15 41,550,324 696,585 729,792 842,676 •954 .827 ^0 47,192,266 869,810 895,878 1,029,392 •971 .845 25 48,224,946 910,110 941,763 1,079,040 .966 .843 11-15 14,997,519 314,325 317,714 365,897 •989 .859 20 20,639,461 487,550 483,800 552,613 1.008 .882 25 21,672,141 527,850 529,685 602,261 •997 .876 16-20 5,641,942 173,225 166,086 186,716 1043 .928 25 6,674,622 213,525 211,971 236,364 1.007 •903 21-25 1,032,680 40,300 45,885 49,648 .878 .812 65 TABLE V. — Continued. 51-60 Grouped Years of Member- ship. Amount Exposed. MORTALITY. Ratio Actual to Probable Mortality, ACTUAL. PROBABLE. American. Actuaries. American. Actuaries. I- 5 19,935.575 380,718 414,468 477,651 .919 •797 10 28,677,565 649,818 679,365 774,680 •957 •839 15 33,319,020 897,323 891,795 1,003,792 1.006 •894 20 34,507,020 990,088 972,073 1,087,167 1.019 .911 25 34,678,381 997,288 989,076 1,104,276 1.008 •903 6-10 8,741,990 269,100 264,897 297,029 i.<5i6 .906 15 13,383,445 516,605 477,327 526,141 1.082 .982 20 14,571,454 609,370 557,605 609,516 1.093 1. 000 25 14,742,806 616,570 574,608 626,625 1.073 •984 II-15 4,641,455 247,505 212,430 229,112 1.165 1.080 20 5,829,464 340,270 292,708 312,487 1. 162 1.089 25 6,000,816 347,470 309,711 329,596 1. 122 1^054 16-20 1,188,009 92,765 80,278 83,375 1-156 1. 113 25 1,359,361 99,965 97,281 100,484 1.028 •995 21-25 171,352 7,200 17,003 17,109 .423 .421 61-71 I- 5 2,567,116 98,950 102,987 112,697 .961 .878 10 3,612,986 154,515 166,573 179,427 .928 .861 15 4,141,225 188,496 212,971 226,554 .885 •832 20 4,207,455 197,571 221,389 234,845 .892 .841 25 4,207,455 197,571 221,389 234,845 .892 .841 6-10 1,045,870 55,565 63,506 66,730 .874 •833 15 1,574,109 89,546 109,984 113,857 .814 .786 20 1,640,339 98,621 118,402 122,148 .833 .807 25 1,640,339 98,621 118,402 122,148 •833 .807 11-15 528,239 33,981 46,398 47,127 •732 .721 20 594,469 43,056 54,816 55,418 •785 .777 25 594,469 43,056 54,816 55,418 .785 •777 16-20 66,230 9,075 8,418 8,291 1.078 1.095 25 66,230 9,075 8,418 8,291 1.078 1-095 21-25 _^ , 66 TABLE V. — Continued, 11-25 Grouped Years of Member- ship. Amount Exposed. MORTALITY. Ratio h Probable .ctual to ACTUAL. PROBABLE. Mortality. American. Actuaries. American. Actuaries. I- 5 26,265,856 147,965 211,336 203,051 .700 .729 10 36,351,329 227,715 296,447 288,178 .768 .790 15 42,177,095 263,650 348,762 342,389 .756 .770 20 44,676,408 290,765 373,167 368,192 •779 •790 25 45,004,503 292,765 376,807 372,171 'Til .787 6-10 10,085,473 79,750 85,111 85,127 •937 •937 15 i5,9".239 115,685 137,426 139*338 .842 .830 20 18,410,552 142,800 161,831 165,141 .882 .865 25 18,738,647 144,800 165,471 169,120 •875 .856 11-15 5*825,766 35.935 52,315 54,211 .687 .663 20 8,325,079 63,050 76,720 80,014 .822 .788 25 8,653,174 65,050 80,360 83,993 .809 •774 16-20 2,499,313 27,115 24,405 25.803 I. Ill 1,051 25 2,827,408 29»"5 28,045 29,782 1.038 .978 21-25 328,095 2,000 3,640 3,979 .549 •503 26-40 1- 5 147,954,863 1,036,871 1,333,703 1,375,138 •777 .754 10 212,008,978 1,710,524 1,973,177 • 2,056,682 .867 .832 15 249,858,804 2,118,976 2,412,071 2,542,915 .878 •833 20 264,796,407 2,375,324 2,624,889 2,785,886 •905 .853 25 266,999,861 2,402,324 2,667,159 2,834,486 .901 .848 6-10 64,054,115 673,653 639,474 681,544 1-053 .988 15 101,903,941 1,082,105 1,078,368 1,167,777 1.003 •927 20 116,841,544 1,338,453 1,291,186 1,410,748 1037 •949 25 119,044,998 1,365,453 1,333,456 1,459,348 1.024 •936 11-15 37,849,826 408,452 438,894 486,233 .931 .840 20 52,787,429 664,800 651,712 729,204 1.021 .912 25 54,990,883 691,800 693,982 777,804 •997 .889 16—20 14,937,603 256,348 212,818 242,971 1.205 105s 25 17,141,057 283,348 255,088 291,571 i.iii •972 21-25 2,203,454 27,000 42,270 48,600 •639 •556 67 TABLE V. — Continued. 41-55 Grouped Years of Member- ship. Amount Exposed. MORTALITY. Ratio Actual to Probable Mortality. APTTTAT PROBABLE. iW^ X. U/XJ->* American. Actuaries. American. Actuaries. I- 5 71,838,104 829,425 939,933 1,060,987 .882 782 10 104,140,431 1,359,035 1,500,672 1,706,978 .906 796 15 122,154,168 1,826,490 1,934,229 2,200,400 •944 830 20 128,536,545 2,055,135 2,142,188 2,431,404 •959 845 25 129,693,821 2,101,435 2,199,248 2,492,394 •956 843 6-10 32,302,327 529,610 560,739 645,991 •944 820 IS 50,316,064 997,065 994,296 1,139,413 1.003 875 20 56,698,441 1,225,710 1,202,255 1,370,417 1.020 894 25 57,855,717 1,272,010 1,259,315 1,431,407 I.OIO 889 ^11-15 18,013,737 467,455 433,557 493,422 1.078 947 20 24,396,114 696,100 641,516 724,426 1.085 961 25 25,553,390 742,400 698,576 785,416 1.063 945 16-20 6,382,377 228,645 207,959 231,004 1.099 990 25 7,539,653 274,945 265,019 291,994 1.037 942 21-25 1,157,276 46,300 57,060 60,990 .811 759 56-71 ^- 5 9,617,634 273,050 285,760 320,686 •956 851 10 13,655,972 450,365 465,582 515,233 .967 874 15 15,809,448 578,721 608,567 663,947 •951 872 20 16,323,252 625,141 655,390 711,325 •954 879 25 16,370,008 626,341 661,218 717,092 .947 873 6-10 4,038,338 177,315 179,822 194,547 .986 911 15 6,191,814 305,671 322,807 343,261 •947 890 20 6,705,618 352,091 369,630 390,639 •953 901 25 6,752,374 353,291 375,458 396,406 .941 891 11-15 2,153,476 128,356 142,985 148,714 .898 863 20 2,667,280 174,776 189,808 196,092 .921 891 25 2,714,036 175,976 195,636 201,859 .900 872 16-20 513,804 46,420 46,823 47,378 .991 980 25 560,560 47,620 52,651 53,145 .904 896 21-25 46,756 1,200 5,828 5,767 .206 208 68 TABLE V. — Continued, 11-30 Grouped Years of Member- ship. Amount Exposed. MORTALITY. Ratio Actual to Probable Mortality. ACTUAL. PROBABLE. American. Actuaries. American. Actuaries. I- 5 74,213,112 455,696 614,548 605,341 .742 •753 10 104,702,010 703,631 882,801 880,308 •797 •799 15 122,737,942 849,825 1,055,084 1,061,553 .805 .801 20 129,980,188 958,760 1,132,100 1,144,864 .847 .837 25 131,002,338 963,760 i,i45,"7 1,159,628 .842 •831 6-10 30,488,898 247,935 268,253 274,967 .924 .902 15 48,524,830 394,129 440,536 456,212 •895 .864 20 55,767,076 503,064 517,552 539,523 .972 •932 25 56,789,226 508,064 530,569 554,287 .958 .917 11-15 18,035,932 146,194 172,283 181,245 .849 .807 20 25,278,178 255,129 249,299 264,556 1.023 •964 25 26,300,328 260,129 262,316 279,320 .992 •931 16-20 7,242,246 108,935 77,016 83,311 1.414 i^3o8 25 8,264,396 "3,935 90,033 98,075 1.265 1. 162 21-25 1,022,150 5,000 13,017 14,764 .384 •339 31-50 I- 5 158,960,654 1,351,947 1,638,729 1,764,173 .825 .766 10 229,164,149 2,239,675 2,507,139 2,732,656 .893 .820 15 269,801,328 2,852,193 3,143,779 3,457,752 .907 •825 20 285,637,940 3,199,946 3,470,072 3.829,931 .922 .836 25 288,180,019 3,264,246 3,548,850 3,917,394 .920 •833 6-10 70,203,495 887,728 868,410 968,483 1.022 .917 15 110,840,674 1,500,246 1,505,050 1,693,579 •997 .886 • 20 126,677,286 1,847,999 1,831,343 2,065,758 1.009 •895 25 129,219,365 1,912,299 1,910,121 2,153,221 1.00 1 .888 11-15 40,637,179 612,518 636,640 725,096 .962 .845 20 56,473,791 960,271 962,933 1,097,275 •997 .875 25 59,015,870 1,024,571 1,041,711 1,184,738 .984 .865 16-20 15,836,612 347,753 326,293 372,179 1,066 •934 25 18,378,691 412,053 405,071 459,642 1.017 .897 21-25 2,542,079 64,300 78,778 87,463 .816 •735 69 TABLE V. — Continued. 51-71 Grouped Years of Member- ship. Amount Exposed. MORTALITY. Ratio Actual to Probable Mortality. ACTUAL. PROBABLE. American. Actuaries. American. Actuaries. I- 5 22,502,691 479,668 517,455 590,348 .927 •813 10 32,290,551 804,333 845,938 954,107 •951 .843 15 37,460,245 1,085,819 1,104,766 1,230,346 •983 .883 20 38,714,484 1,187,659 1,193,462 1,322,012 •995 .898 25 38,885,836 1,194,859 1,210,465 1,339,121 ..987 .892 6-10 9,787,860 324,665 328,483 363,759 .988 .893 15 14,957,554 606,151 587,311 639,998 1.032 •947 20 16,211,793 707,991 676,007 731,664 1.047 .968 25 16,383,145 715,191 693,010 748,773 1.032 •955 II-15 5,169,694 281,486 258,828 276,239 1.088 1. 019 20 6,423,933 383,326 347,524 367,905 1. 103 1.042 25 6,595,285 390,526 364,527 385,014 1. 071 1.014 16-20 1,254,239 101,840 88,696 91,666 1. 148 I. Ill 25 1,425,591 109,040 105,699 108,775 1.032 1.002 21-25 171,352 7,200 17,003 17,109 •423 .421 11-35 I- 5 126,972,784 843,484 1,085,212 1,091,972 •777 •772 10 180,686,919 1,363,954 1,581,133 1,607,942 .863 .848 15 212,211,263 1,678,433 1,904,474 1,954,876 .881 .859 20 224,776,807 1,860,841 2,053,598 2,121,108 .906 .877 25 226,503,876 1,874,841 2,079,287 2,150,621 .902 .872 6-10 53,714,135 520,470 495,921 515,970 1.050 1.009 15 85,238,479 834,949 819,262 862,904 1. 019 .968 20 97,804,023 1,017,357 968,386 1,029,136 1.05 1 .989 25 99,531,092 1,031,357 994,075 1,058,649 1.038 •974 11-15 31,524,344 314,479 323,341 346,934 •973 .906 20 44,089,888 496,887 472,465 513,166 1.052 .968 25 45,8x6,957 510,887 498,154 542,679 1.026 .941 16-20 12,565,544 182,408 149,124 166,232 1.223 1.097 25 14,292,613 196,408 174,813 195,745 1. 124 1.003 21-25 1,727,069 14,000 25,689 29,513 •545 •474 70 TABLE V. — Continued. 36-71 Grouped Amount Exposed. MORTALITY. Ratio A Probable ctual to Years of Member- ship. ACTUAL. PKOBABLE. Mortality. American. Actuaries. American. Actuaries. I- 5 128,703,673 1,443,827 1,685,520 1,867,890 .857 .773 10 185,469,791 2,383,685 2,654,745 2,959.129 .898 .806 15 217,788,252 3,109,404 3.399.155 3.794,775 •915 .819 20 229,555,805 3,485,524 3,742,036 4,175.699 .931 .835 25 231,564,317 3,548,024 3,825,145 4.265,522 .928 .832 6—10 56,766,118 939,858 969,225 1,091,239 .970 .861 15 89,084,579 1,665,577 1,713,635 1,926,885 •972 .864 20 100,852,132 2,041,697 2,056,516 2,307,809 •993 .885 25 102,860,644 2,104,197 2,139.625 2,397,632 .983 .878 11-15 32,318,461 725,719 744,410 835.646 .975 .868 20 44,086,014 1,101,839 1,087,291 1,216,570 1.013 .906 25 46,094,526 1,164,339 1,170,400 1.306,393 .995 .891 16-20 ",767,553 376,120 342,881 380,924 1.097 .987 25 13,776,065 438,620 425,990 470,747 1.030 •932 21-25 2,008,512 • 62,500 83,109 89,823 .752 .696 71 TABLE VI. MORTALITY TABLE CONSTRUCTED FROM EXPERI- ENCE, 1860-1885. UNADJUSTED. Age. 10 I. t4 I. Age. 48 4 d. d. I. 100,000 676 .006760 75,269 1,099 .014606 II 99*324 674 .006786 49 74,170 900 ,012128 12 98,650 672 .006812 50 73,270 736 .010047 13 97,978 671 .006848 51 72,534 563 .007764 14 97,307 671 ,006896 52 71,971 983 .013653 15 96,636 671 .006943 53 70,988 1,123 .015824 16 95,965 672 .007003 54 69,865 1,307 ,0187x0 17 95,293 673 .007062 55 68,558 1,2X2 .017668 18 94,620 392 .004141 56 67,346 1,059 .015735 19 94,228 1,146 .012161 57 66,287 1,244 .018768 20 93,082 439 .004720 58 65,043 1,609 .024739 21 92,643 264 .002846 59 63,434 1,383 .02x796 22 92,379 268 .002903 60 62,051 1,854 ,029881 23 92,111 828 .008992 61 60,197 1,776 ,029498 24 91,283 523 .005733 62 58,421 2,526 .043239 25 90,760 408 .004489 63 55,895 1,863 .033333 26 90,352 569 .006297 64 54,032 2,543 ,047065 27 89,783 635 .007077 65 51,489 1,653 .032094 28 89,148 507 .005682 66 49,836 2,430 .048775 29 88,641 439 .004954 67 47,406 2,494 .052599 30 88,202 597 .006765 68 44,912 4,514 ,100504 31 87,605 560 •006394 69 40,398 2,306 .057100 32 87,045 596 .006850 70 38,092 1,939 .050889 33 86,449 574 .006644 71 36,153 1,394 •038556 34 85,875 801 .009324 72 34,759 1,570 .045172 35 85,074 602 .007075 73 33,189 2,141 .064503 36 84,472 485 .005747 74 31,048 586 .018868 37 83,987 687 .008173 75 30,462 3,189 .104705 38 83,300 500 .006008 76 27,273 473 •017339 39 82,800 735 .008869 77 26,800 4,230 .157834 40 82,065 787 .009594 78 22,570 3,842 ,170214 41 81,278 836 .010291 79 18,728 3,813 " .203589 42 80,442 740 .009198 80 14,915 2,417 ,162088 43 79,702 1,053 .013202 81 12,498 1,893 •151436 44 78,649 687 .008735 82 10,605 1,730 .163194 45 77,962 925 .011874 83 8,875 1,562 ,175912 46 77,037 948 ,012299 84 7,313 1,387 .X89678 47 76,089 820 .010780 72 TABLE VII. GRADUATED MORTALITY TABLE CONSTRUCTED FROM EXPERIENCE. 1860-1885. Age. i. 403.01 414.48 430.38 250.82 258.67 269.79 37 413.54 424.04 440.50 257.90 265.07 276.74 38 424.44 434.00 451.01 265.29 271.79 284.03 39 435.73 444.36 461.95 273.01 278.85 291.70 40 447.41 455.14 473.35 281.08 286.28 299.79 41 459.51 466.36 485.26 289.53 294.10 308.38 42 472.04 478.06 497.72 298.37 302.36 317.37 43 484.64 490.26 510.78 307.63 311.07 326.94 44 498.42 502.99 524-40 317.35 320.29 337.07 45 512.31 516.26 538.58 327.54 330.05 347-73 46 526.69 530.12 553-31 338.25 340.40 359-00 47 541.58 544.58 568.51 349-43 351.38 370.81 48 557.01 559.69 584.26 361.39 36305 383-25 49 572.99 575-45 600.54 373.92 375.46 39635 50 589.56 591.89 617.42 387.14 388.65 410.18 51 606.74 609.02 634.88 401.12 402.68 424.79 52 624.57 626.87 652.97 415.94 417.63 440.23 53 643.09 645-50 671.72 431.66 433.58 456-64 54 662.34 664.94 691.17 448.36 450-63 473-99 55 682.36 685.24 711.40 466.14 468.85 492.40 56 703.22 706.47 732.48 485.10 488.37 512.02 57 724.43 728.69 754.43 505-34 509.29 532-93 58 747.68 751-98 777.45 527.00 531.75 555-32 59 771.44 776-44 801.51 550-20 555.86 579-25 60 796.34 802.16 826.83 575-09 581.81 604.89 61 822.46 829.27 853.39 62 849.94 857-89 881.32 (^l 878.90 888.16 910.68 64 909.49 920.27 941.64 65 941.87 954-37 974.29 78 TABLE IX. — Continued. NET ANNUAL PREMIUMS FOR $10,000. Age. 10 Year Endowment Policies. 20 Year Endowment Policies. Washington*'. American. Actuaries. Washington's. American. Actuaries. 25 832.25 842.25 841.48 362.54 373-65 373-83 26 832.77 842.64 842.21 363-41 374.28 37482 27 83333 843.05 842.89 364.37 374-95 375-87 28 83396 843.49 843.70 365-43 375-68 377.01 29 834.65 843.98 844.49 366.59 376.49 378.17 30 835-41 844.50 845.36 367-87 377.38 379-51 31 836.24 84507 846.30 369.27 378.36 380.88 32 837.16 845-70 847.14 370.81 379.45 382.46 33 838.16 846.39 848.23 372.51 380.66 384.14 34 83927 847-13 849.26 374.38 382.00 38594 35 840.49 847.95 850.32 376.43 38350 388.01 36 841.82 848.87 851.49 378.68 385-18 390.24 37 843.29 849.88 852.76 381.16 387-07 392.76 38 844.92 851.00 85423 383.89 389.19 395-51 39 846.70 852.24 855-84 386.88 391-56 398.71 40 848.66 853-62 857.59 390.18 394-23 402.16 41 850.81 855-16 859-72 39380 397.22 405.98 42 85318 856.91 862.29 397.78 400.60 410.47 43 85515 858.90 865.13 402.16 404.40 415-30 44 858.66 861.16 868.37 406.98 408.67 420.78 45 861.81 863.73 872.02 412.28 413-47 426.78 46 865.28 866.67 876.15 418.10 418.87 433-42 47 869.10 870.00 880.61 424.39 424.91 44064 48 873.30 873.78 885.47 431-54 431-67 448.51 49 87793 878.05 890.73 439-28 439.22 457-10 50 883.02 882.84 896.56 447-78 447.63 466.49 51 888.62 888.20 902.93 457-13 456.97 476.80 52 894.79 894.17 909-73 467.41 467.34 488.10 53 901.58 900.84 917.28 478.71 478.83 500.30 54 909.07 908.27 925-49 491.12 491.57 513-70 55 917.31 916.53 934.48 504-76 505.65 528.40 56 926.39 925.72 944.35 519-74 521.19 544.37 57 93569 935-94 955-14 536.19 538.33 561.82 58 947.41 947.29 967.41 554.25 557-19 580.90 59 95956 959-91 979.91 574.06 577-95 601.74 60 972.96 973-93 994.70 595-79 600.74 624.49 61 987.74 989-51 1,010.70 62 1,004.03 1,006.80 1,028.10 63 1,022.01 1,025.99 1,047.30 64 1,041.85 1,047.29 1,068.30 65 1,063.75 1,070.88 1,091.20 ' 79 TABLE LIFE AND ENDOWMENT POLICIES MORTALITY EXPOSED TO RISK. LIFE AND ENDOWMENT Number of Policies. Amount of Policies. Reversionary Additions. Policies and Additions. Average Amt. of Policies. A section of ) Washington V experience. ) 112,041 $238,972,497 17,336,145 $246,308,642 12,133 Totals of 3 1 companies for 1885, 1886, f 956,160 $3,067,765,322 $108,192,822 $3,175,958,144 $3,208 and 1887. RATIO OF ACTUAL TO LIFE AND ENDOWMENT AMOUNT EXPOSED. ACTUAL MORTALITY. Policies. Additions. Policies. Additions. A section of ) Washington >• experience. ) Life Endowment. Total . . . 159,466,174 79,506,323 6,034,642 1,301,503 2,515,533 583,873 139,604 10,965 $238,972,497 $7,336,145 $3,099,406 $150,569 Totals of I ^ company for 1 1885, 1886, f and 1887, Life Endowment. Total . . . 576,814,000 244,419,000 8,809,912 2,775,663 7,765,995 1,913,567 204,622 37,514 $821,233,000 $11,585,575 $9,679,562 $242,136 80 X. AND REVERSIONARY ADDITIONS. RATE. DEATHS. MORTAUTY RATE. COMBINED. Policies. Additions. Policies Number of Policies. Amount of Policies. Reversionary Additions. Policies and Additions. Average Amt. of Policies. and Ad- ditions. 1,313 11,776 $3,099,406 $39,727,468 $150,569 $3,137,594 $3,249,975 $42,865,062 $2,361 $3,374 1.297 1-295 2.052 2.900 I.319 1.350 PROBABLE MORTALITY. SEPARATED. RATIO ACTUAL TO PR MORTALITY. OBABLE PROBABLE MORTALITY. AMERICAN. ACTUARIES. AMERICAN. ACTUARIES. Policies. Additions. Policies. Additions. Policies Additions. Policies. Additions. 2,703,235 884,987 135,489 18,596 2,967,957 949,796 148,632 20,695 •931 .660 1.030 .590 .848 .615 •939 •530 $3,588,222 $154,085 $3,917,753 $169,327 .864 .977 .791 .889 8,956,000 2,870,000 197,205 38,764 9,747,000 3,097,000 216,700 42,749 .870 .670 1.038 .967 .800 .620 •944 .877 $11,826,000 $235,969 $12,844,000 $259,449 .820 ' 1.026 .750 .933 81 Diagram A exhibits (on a scale) what is shown by figures in Table II. The zigzag black line indicates, by the spaces below it, the amount of losses incurred in the twenty-five years, at each age (the youngest age being i8, the oldest age 80 ; the total amount exposed to risk, $458,068,193 ; the total amount of losses, $5,422,865). The broken black line indicates the amount of losses at each age by a scale graduating the actual mortality, the total area included within the continuous and broken black lines respectively being the same. The spaces included within the other lines indicate how much the losses would have been by the several tables, at the same ages and on the same amount exposed to risk. 8a J^ u O < I u < Id h < ll. o z D o < J < h O < (0 u J. ID < q: u X h O >- m h z D 1 (0 f < < y u Q -I m < ffl o q: a I h I h Q U a. < Q. O o ^ tJ Q) 3 ^ ^ 1 ^^ 2 »«i o ; ^^ -- : u. -^ J^ ^"" u. •o //\ <0 i> 3 < o £ ^^ t -^ '^ 0)4: :t: ^ 1 ! \ ^ 1 1! : -^— ^ 9<^ . 1 ! i 1 , f p^ Jx^ -S- ^ ^ '^ ^'J yi > f '^rtf^ ^ M^ , ' // ^ / If / f / ^ J . — "^ f if ^ M 4^^ \ i ***? t^ V \ fy I \ 1 . p - > S^ r^x / 1 l™. V V \ V \ "^1 ^ \ ^^ 0\ ^ __ W ^ ^ . x > ^^^^^^^^ V. S-X V ^^^ \ .^^J \ ^ " ^1,1^ ^ ^-$ > i ^ [V. V N k= ^ ^^^%^M > ^ 'H ^ o o o d 2 S h z D o o o o d 00 o o o d (0 o o o d o o o d CM o o o d o o o o d 00 o o o d 00 O 00 10 O m (0 o (0 10 in o 10 10 o in n o n 10 o CM 12 u o < Diagram B exhibits the actual and probable amount of losses on $458,068,193, exposed to risk for each group of five ages, in the twenty-five years, as shown by Table III. The irregularities of Diagram A are not so apparent. The black line incloses the area indicating the actual losses, and at a glance, shows, for the most part, the actual mortality much less than the computed amount by the other tables, particularly by the American and Actuaries' tables on which the premiums and reserves are based. 84 B >- (D W h Z D O < u OQ < m u o < o CO q: < Q- >- u X h z h Q U q: < Q. o w I h < y o L h z D o < J < D h O < > ii. O 0) Q. D O tc O >- CO CO u m < y z h O A i ^ ^^\/ ) ^ ^ig 7^ vsS^ r " ^^/^ ^^ ^ Mr ^^^ /F^ t> ^ ~^ Xj w J^ ^^ '' /y, f s ^^ //k^ \ \ \ \ \ ^ \ (J o ^^ > >\ N X 1 1 ^-s \^ \ > 1 X, ^ \ il <^ N*. fe s. '^N ^ ^ ^ ^ s. N I< ^ Z D O < o o o o o o o o o o CO o o o o o o o o o <0 o o o o o lO o o o o o r o o o CO o o o o o CM CO (0* o ■ II t U J J I < ^ I- h o z -■<(/) a D < h Q. o 2< O y U I h — _ » 1 ' _ -^ t\^ - — ^ N ^ ^^ *-1fc d "-.\ X > \ N ^ s» ^ ■^ \ \ ^ =:S ^ - - ^ k ' X — , ^ ,-^ 1 5 ^ 1 n; > - s • 1 1 1 :^ \ ,; ^ &^ ^ *» Q ,^-— - ^ S"-*""^ 1 4 1 ^i*^ 5*x^„ ■t- 1 1 1 § > ^ '^ V ri s. 1: t r 5 C : r 1 M A 1 ^ li / / 5I "<5 : : : : / 4 / 1 \ i 1 * A ' \ 1 '.^ X V k o ^ ^ J i > ^ ^ y / 1^ * 1 1 s > \ £ XX ^x •^% > ^ 1 1 > i:^ ^ 1 1 i -4 • < • * 1 '< / .> > 1,^ / 1 \ • 1 ^^ . ^ -:::: ^ F^ »- z UJ o (r u Q. o 00 o o o o o o o — o o o o o o m CM CM n (M CM CM CM O CM 00 CM 00 n I N 0) (£ U ~ (0 u UJ o Diagram D is the counterpart of C in regard to the H" (5) table of mortality. The element of medical selection having been eliminated by leaving out the experience for the first five years of membership, this table may be considered as representing, quite truly, the rate of mortality on unselected healthy lives. The comparison also illus- trates Table IV., and shows the actual mortality experience to have been much less than the probable mortality in the early years of membership, on account of medical selection. The actual mortality line approaches the probable as the risks advance in years of membership. 88 V) d < U) >- > D z "^ 0° I 0^ 0) < u I h o >- m o z < < y >■ J u I x K *. l/ ^ (/ M ( ill it. « r*,,^ — - L ^ — "y" ^ ' V c » ^— , •3 Q 7 :3 c A 4 ^^ >v^ > X ^ ^ > 4.. ■> 5 . t / ^ i. 1 R ^ ^ 1 / 4- ■f •f ■f •SI 5 o i; \ 1 f \ i ^ g i^ 5 1 • /^ ^1 1 to ^ \^ ^ :r: k / / > 3 N ^ 4- 1 + N v_ \ V *■ I h z UJ O oc u a. o o o - o o o 00 o o to o in o o CO i - CO (r y CD y I£S tt »f — H t! f 5J n >> / f // y / / / f /' I / 1 ' I /^ / A ^ > J f \. J r • J r , ftS / Diagram F exhibits the mortality rate by several tables as com- pared with the graduated actual mortality rate of the Washington. By every diagram the lines exhibiting the experience of this company are well within the lines of the two standard tables, running quite parallel with, although much below, the results expected by the Actuaries' table, now the standard of valuation of the Insurance Department of this State. 92 (0 u m DC liJ I h O z o h O z i < ^5 u h < q: h -I o LJ I Li. O UJ u z LJ q: u Q. ^ X UJ UJ I h 7Z ^ < Q. o o o UJ QL o oooo'oo^oooo 00 h-(Oin^co(M — o, ooo o o 00 o IT) ID o (0 in o If) in o CO o in CM I MEDICAL. MEDICAL STATISTICS. This report from the medical department covers the period from the foundation of the company in February, i860, to April, 1886. The deaths of males only are considered, those of females, eighty-six in number, being too few for profitable analysis. The work is divided into two parts. Part I. consists of ten general tables and three colored diagrams, with brief explanatory notes. Part II. is devoted to special studies of some of the more important causes of death, namely. Consumption, Cancer, and Diseases of the Nervous and Circulatory Systems. 96 PART I. GENERAL TABLES. L Table of Diseases. H. Age at Issue. in. Age at Death. IV. Deaths During Year of Insurance. V. Nativity — Causes of Death. VI. Nativity — Duration of Policy. VII. Residence at Death — Causes of Death. VIII. Residence at Death — Duration of Policy. IX. Occupations — Causes of Death. X. Occupations — Duration of Policy. TABLE I. GENERAL TABLE OF DISEASES AND NUMBERS DYING OF EACH DISEASE, ARRANGED IN CHRON- OLOGICAL SERIES OF 500 CASES. — — Total I. II. III. IV. Cause of Death. l86o-'86. l86o-'73. 1873-78. i878-'82. l882-'86. Total . 2,000 500 500 500 500 I. Zymotic Diseases. Carbuncle 4 3 I Cholera 6 5 I Cholera Morbus 10 2 3 3 2 Diarrhoea 12 3 2 4 3 Diphtheria 4 I I 2 Dysentery , 14 5 2 5 2 Erysipelas 12 2 3 4 3 Fever .... 2 I I Fever, cerebro-spinal 12 5 3 2 2 Fever, congestive . 10 6 3 I Fever, intermittent . 4 I I 2 Fever, malarial 13 3 4 6 Fever, remittent 17 9 3 3 2 Fever, scarlet I I Fever, typhoid . 82 28 24 13 17 Fever, typho-malarial . 14 3 2 7 2 Fever, typhus . 5 2 2 I Fever, yellow 3 I 2 Influenza I I Measles I I Pysemia .... 7 I I 2 3 Septicaemia . 5 2 2 I Small-pox. Total . Percentage . 9 6 2 I 248 81 62 56 49 12.40 16.20 12.40 11.20 9.80 TABLE I. — Continued. Total I. II. III. IV. Cause of Death. l86o-'86. l86o-'73. 1873-78. i878-'82. i882-'86. II. Constitutional Diseases. Anaemia .... 4 2 2 Cancer .... 68 13 II 19 25 Consumption , 353 109 108 68 68 Debility 7 I 5 I Diabetes .... 12 5 I 6 Dropsy .... 4 2 I I Gout .... 2 I I Lumbar Abscess , 5 3 I I Old age .... 6 2 4 Rheumatism 12 2 4 I 5 Tumors .... 2 I I Tubercular Meningitis . 2 I 1 Total 477 131 132 102 1X2 Percentage 23.85 26.20 26.40 20.40 22.40 III. Diseases of Nervous System. Abscess of brain . 3 I I I Alcoholism II 2 5 4 Apoplexy 88 26 24 18 20 Cerebral effusion 3 I 2 Cerebral embolism 3 I 2 Cerebral hemorrhage II 2 4 5 Congestion of brain 27 6 8 II 2 Disease of brain 13 6 5 2 Encephalitis . 10 5 3 I I Epilepsy .... I I General paresis of insane 7 4 3 Graves' disease I I Insanity 7 2 2 3 Locomotor Ataxy 5 I I 3 Meningitis 12 4 4 I 3 Nervous prostration . II 3 3 3 Paralysis 51 9 14 20 Sclerosis of brain I Softening of brain 27 2 9 7 Sunstroke 5 I 3 Tetanus 2 2 Tuberculosis of brain I Tumor of brain I I Disease of spinal cord 3 I 2 Inflammation of spinal cord 2 I Sclerosis of spinal cord 2 I Total . 308 67 77 78 86 Percentage • 15.40 13.40 15.40 15.60 17.20 99 TABLE I. — Continued. Total I. II. III. IV. Cause of Death. i86o-'86. i86o-'73. i873-'78. i878-'82. l882-'86. IV. Diseases of Circulatory System. Aneurism .... 2 I I Angina pectoris . 7 I 2 3 Atheroma of aorta , 4 I I Disease of heart . 38 10 8 II Embolism of heart . I Endocarditis 7 I 2 4 Fatty degeneration of heart 18 10 7 Gouty disease of heart . I I Hypertrophy and dilatation of heart 13 I 2 6 Neuralgia of heart I Ossification of coronary ar- teries 2 I I Paralysis of heart 5 3 I Pericarditis . 4 2 2 Rheumatism of heart 7 2 I 3 Rupture of heart . 3 2 I Rupture of blood-vessel in liver .... 2 I Valvular disease of heart . Total . Percentage . 38 2 7 16 13 153 20 29 50- 54 7.65 4.00 5.80 70.00 10.80 V. Diseases of Respiratory System. Abscess of lungs 2 I I Asthma. 3 3 Bronchitis 19 4 s 6 4 Congestion of lungs 27 10 10 2 5 Disease of lungs 7 2 3 2 Emphysema . 3 I I I Empyema I I Gangrene of lungs 2 2 Hemorrhage of lungs 12 5 3 3 I Hydro thorax I I Laryngitis 9 3 3 2 I (Edema of lungs . 4 I I 2 Pleurisy .... 8 5 I 2 Pneumonia . 183 39 45 56 43 Pulmonary Apoplexy 3 2 I Tonsillitis Total Percentage. I I 285 70 73 77 65 14.25 14.00 14.60 15.40 13.00 TABLE I. — Continued. Total I. II. III. IV. Cause of Death. l86o-'86. i86(>-'73. l873-'78. l878-'82. l882-'86. VI. Diseases of Digestive System. Stricture of oesophagus I I Congestion of stomach . 5 2 I 2 Disease of stomach . 4 I 2 I Dyspepsia 4 I I 2 Gastritis .... 26 7 4 12 3 Hemorrhage of stomach 2 2 Tumor of stomach I I Ulceration of stomach . 8 I 3 3 2 Gastro-enteritis 12 4 2 2 4 Abscess of bowels 2 I I Fistula in ano , I I Hemorrhage of bowels . 2 I I Hemorrhoids I I Inflammation of bowels . 21 8 6 I 6 Obstruction of bowels 2 I I Perforation of bowels 3 I I I Peritonitis 19 6 3 4 6 Strangulated hernia 2 I I Stricture of rectum . 2 I I Ulceration of bowels I I Abscess of liver 8 I 4 3 Biliary calculi 3 I 2 Cirrhosis of liver 32 4 6 12 10 Congestion of liver 4 I I I I Disease of liver II I 5 4 I Fatty degeneration of liver I I Hypertrophy of liver 5 I 4 Inflammation of liver 20 6 6 5 3 Jaundice .... I I Obstruction of hepatic duct 3 I 2 Ascites .... 3 2 I Disease of abdomen I I Leucocythemia 3 3 Tumor of abdomen Total Percentage 3 2 I 217 51 51 65 50 10.85 10.20 10.20 13.00 10.00 lOI TABLE I. — Continued. Total I. II. III. IV. Cause of Death. l86o-'86. i86o-'73. 1873-78. 1878-82. 1882-86. VII. Diseases of Urinary System. Albuminuria . I I Abscess of kidneys I 1 Bright's disease 71 II 19 14 27 Congestion of kidneys . I I Disease of kidneys . 19 5 8 5 I Nephritis 12 I 2 4 5 Uraemia .... 3 I I I Cystitis .... 10 I 7 2 Hemorrhage of bladder 2 I I Disease of prostate Total Percentage 3 I I I 123 20 31 34 38 6.15 4.00 6.20 6.80 7.60 VIII. Accidents and Injuries. Burns .... 8 6 I I Drowning 25 6 5 9 5 Explosions 3 I 2 Exposure 2 I I Falls .... 25 5 8 4 8 Falling bodies 4 2 I I Gunshot wounds 8 6 I I Homicide 4 2 I I Knife wounds . 3 I 2 Lightning I I Injuries by machinery 9 2 4 3 Mining accidents . 8 I 2 5 Railroad accidents . 23 II 6 4 2 Other accidents . Total Percentage 3 I I I 126 45 29 25 27 6.30 9.00 5.80 5-00 540 IX. Suicides. Cutting throat . 10 2 3 I 4 Drowning 3 I 2 Hanging .... 9 I 2 2 4 Poison .... 5 3 2 Shooting .... Total . Percentage 23 3 5 8 7 50 10 12 II 17 2.50 2.00 2.40 2.20 3.40 X. Unclassified. Abscess .... 3 I 2 Disease of joints . 2 I I Unknown Total . Percentage 8 3 2 I 2 13 5 4 2 2 .65 I.OO .80 .40 .40 102 MEDICAL. 103 TABLE I. In this introductory table are tabulated all diseases which appear in the mortality records. In many cases the numbers are small, but, when the diseases are grouped into their respective classes, the resulting totals are sufficiently large to repay consideration. The chronological arrangement enables us to see what difference there may be between the earlier and the later experience of the company. As it has grown older, the average age of its policy- holders has naturally increased. This does not imply that more elderly persons are insured now than formerly.* The age at issue may be the same at the present time as in the first year of existence of the company, but it must now be averaged with the increased age of the policies remaining in force from previous years. In 1864, the average age of eighteen hundred and seventy policy-holders was 37.16 years ; in 1884, twenty years later, the average age of fourteen thousand seven hundred and nine policy-holders was 42.98 years, a gain of nearly six years. This increase in age of those exposed will probably furnish a satisfactory explanation of the variation in the mortality experience throughout the series. The general class of zymotic diseases includes two hundred and forty-eight deaths, or 12.40 per cent, of the total number. The percentage diminishes rapidly from 16.20 per cent, in the first series to 9.80 per cent, in the last series. This marked difference is probably partly due to the progress in sanitary science of recent years, but mainly to the more advanced age of those from whom the deaths are drawn in the later series. As will be shown in Tables II. and III., deaths from zymotic diseases, especially typhoid fever, are relatively rare among those of mature years. The lessened mortality holds good of all the diseases of this class with but two or three exceptions. * According to the actuarial records, 35.25 years was the average "office age" of all policies issued by the Washington Life Ins. Co. in 1864, and 33.81 years the average " office age " of all policies issued in 1884. I04 THE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Class II. — constitutional diseases — caused four hundred and seventy-seven deaths, or 23.85 per cent, of the whole number. The diminished percentage in the later series is owing to the great falling off in the mortality from the principal disease of the group, i. e., consumption. In the first two series consumption was the cause of 21.70 per cent, of the deaths, as compared with 13.60 per cent, in the last two series. This great variation is undoubtedly due in large part to the more careful selection of risks of late years, and also to the greater average age of the last thousand cases, deaths from consumption being proportionately more frequent among the young than among the old. The mortality from cancer increased from 2.60 percent, in the first series to 5.00 per cent, in the last series. There are no deaths from old age until we reach the third series, which covers the period from 1878 to 1882. Deaths from diseases of the nervous system were three hundred and eight, or 15.40 per cent, of the total mortality. As the principal diseases of this class are the result of the chronic changes of advancing years, we are not surprised to find their percentage increase steadily from 13.40 in the first to 17.20 in the last series. Under the heading of diseases of the circulatory system are classed one hundred and fifty-three deaths, two-thirds of which are furnished by the last two series. Here again, age is the prime factor in the increased mortality. Two hundred and eighty-five deaths are recorded under Class V. — diseases of the respiratory system. The number does not vary greatly throughout the series. One hundred and eighty-three, or almost two-thirds of the whole number in the class, are attributed to pneumonia. The diseases of the digestive system caused two hundred and seventeen deaths, of which eighty-eight are classed under the various affections of the liver. The percentage is somewhat greater in the third series than in the others, but this difference is no doubt accidental. MEDICAL. 105 Diseases of the urinary system show a steady increase of mortality from 4.00 per cent, in the first to 7.60 per cent, in the last series, and the increase is probably due to the same cause as the increase in the diseases of the nervous and circulatory systems. Of the one hundred and twenty-six deaths by accident, the first series furnishes by far the largest proportion. This does not appear surprising when we consider that the young are less prudent than those of mature years, and are also more apt to be engaged in hazardous occupations. There are fifty deaths from suicide, one-third of which are found in the last series. According to Tables II. and III., suicide is more frequent among the young than the old; hence, we should expect the percentage to diminish throughout the series rather than increase. There are reasons to fear that this increased mortality in the last few years is not simply accidental. Recent decisions of the courts have not been such as to discourage suicide among the holders of policies of life insurance. io6 THE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. o H O ;?: Q (x; o u u <1 Q W O w ^ t/3 < < « ►J S u ^ « J^f^ <: w J U ^ W CA2 CO :? '-' H ^^ C/5 5 w CO rn < t— 1 M O W H ^ o <1 ^^ W w P^ U M t P4 < 1. 1— I 1— 1 h-l 05 PH W ^ . J3 HH w W CO CO < o M & O O CO < CO lO »o CO «.»^ ^ t>* 1 00 ^• o M pj t^ o CO xn N NO o t; •payissepuQ M M %s o t** .. ^ to ^ M w tn o vO -' t'-. « N M O NO O CO 22 •sapping m N N CO N N* --^ O ^ 00 , r^ ^ Tt- _^ O « 00 " t« •S3U MJ ro 2. to 2. M NO 00 '=*• t^ N CO c< l2 -nfui puB s^uappDV •H O* ^6 M -^o ■ to S3SB3SIQ jamo P"^ sXaupi;^ JO s3sb3siq M <5 11 . CO "^tiS "'K " dN r^ 1 '=^>% m CO lO NO M to 1 lO rA •uiaisvCg 3Ai}S33 On T*- M O CO o ^ N NO M -iQ JO S3SB3SIQ Jaq^o M O ■* K S. ^0 t^. *S. o -L. f^ _. o O M On O w •^ ■* lO ^ On M M «^ t^ •-* M lO )_ UaAiq JO S3SB3SIQ ""t CO "^^ C4 to M ss •uiajsXg XjoiBjids M O o M ^^ CO to o M 0\ tv. lO S2 -a'a JO S3SB3SIQ aamo HI iO m ^ r^ to •o 2-S M m «. o ^. o _u<5 o „ o CO '-' Cfl fO M On CO N M "^ o r^ O O On M (V^ NO t2 00 M d^ t"^ ^ ON ""d On M CO M M CO •uiajsXg XjojBjnojt3 fr> ^ ?? ^^ vo'?^ On M (M ^12 JO S3SB3SIQ aaqjo pUB JJB3H JO S3SB3SIQ M K. "'^ •"d M M M o 00 « o^ M 00 00 fo t/5 •uiajsXg snoA CO N M «i NO (SJ CO . 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C >N C >N a >N C >> c 1 O 4* ^ fc: o « OnS o o o M to 00 «o >o Tl- 00 •* CO HI • CO t>. 00 O M HI • N On i-i o CO HI O o •raajsXg XjBuufi jo sasBasiQ Jaqjo P"^ sXaupi^ JO S3ST33SIQ M O •oiajsXg 3Aps33 -IQ JO S3SB3S1Q J31110 •J3Aiq JO S3SB3SIQ -3^ JO S3SB3SIQ J3I{JO •Biaoranauj •uiajsXg XjojBinoji3 JO S3SE3SIQ Jaq^o pUB jaB3H JO S3SB3SIQ; On ^ M <0 CO ^ o M in HI O^ •uia^s^S snoA -aa^ JO sasEasiQ JaqjQ •oia 'stsXpjB(j 'Xxa][dodv •sasBasTQ •uoiidninsuo^ •jaouB3 •sasBa -siQ oi^oinXz Jaq^O "sjaAaj^ snqdXj, puB pioqd/Cx 00 § N ^ o so 00 to ■• N ro NO to t^ CO m M 00 lO CO »o to ^ "^ DO- CO NO to • N • to lO o CO " CO to o» >o PJ NO 00 CO NO O fO lO M M CO HI (NJ ^6 00 On VO J3, »o to lO o VO to On VO 00 CO On 00 -4. W ^ CO NO (Nl HI . in 00 On -^ to lO lO lO 9. -^ to On NO* On *0 On 00 _ »£? On to • Th • On On >o ^ 00 •^ 00 " CO •^ •* ^ NO 00 ' lO On ^ O O CM ^ CO On 00 00 NO \-, >o «0 M N 00 ro M On 00 ^ 00 On to NO 00 t< On no' »o 00 ro "* M to N to • to • On M N On HI ^^ ^ 6 VO ^ *^ 00 VO lo N CO CO HI \0 HI • CO to On lO On • O NO On nO NO Ov N HI • VO ■* On CO 00 Ov *^ lO 00 t^ (VJ VO pi vO N NO On HI On ON?! Ov j-i to tH On v-i o o o lO m lO lO lO m "2. cfi ov On to vO to NO HI XT) to M M o Ov v< •IB^ox H O ^6 to On ^(vi o to lO o Ht in 'Js. N M N N M ,— *^^ ^ bo • • • Q a; 73fcl u a c a; O • « • 1) . 4) • 4) 4> 4) rt 52 bp m hfl « bf t/3 01 bo t-i ho 1) s< 1 « -s >% c >-> c C 1 ov ?J «^ U O 4) ov 2 ^ U O 4) On ^J ^ Ui o 1> Ov rj o w On NO O a; u u M 00 o u u ii *^ OU ^ ou ^ OU *- OU -M CU -H) 0. <1 ov o o o o o HI to Tt to NO r^ MEDICAL. Ill TABLE III. A careful study of this table will be found to confirm and empha- size the conclusions drawn from Table II. Of one hundred and thirty-nine deaths under the age of 30 years, 59.71 per cent, were caused by typhoid fever, consumption and acci- dental injuries. Deaths from suicide are also relatively numerous. All other diseases give a mortality below the average. In the second period of 30 to 39 years, inclusive, typhoid fever, consumption, and accidents still show a very high rate of mortality, though considerably less than in the preceding period. Zymotic diseases, other than typhoid fever, and suicides, attain here their highest percentage. In Period III. (40 to 49), typhoid fever and consumption have fallen almost to their general average for all ages, and accidental injuries are considerably below their average percentage. Zymotic diseases, other than typhoid fever, still show a very high mortality ; pneumonia, whose percentage has been steadily increasing, now claims more than its average rate for all ages. In the next period (50 to 59), cancer, apoplexy, heart disease and diseases of the kidney give a largely increased mortality. Pneu- monia also shows a slight gain ; diseases of the liver attain their maximum percentage in this period. Deaths from typhoid fever and from consumption are relatively few in number. In Period V. (60 to 69), deaths from cancer, apoplexy, heart disease and diseases of the kidney preponderate enormously, amount- ing to 51.49 per cent., or over one-half of the whole number. Diseases of the liver still give a high percentage ; typhoid fever, consumption and accidents taken together caused but 10.23 per cent, of the mortality, as compared with 59.71 per cent, in the first period. In Period VI. (70 to 81), the figures for cancer, apoplexy and diseases of the kidney are somewhat less than in the preceding period, while the percentage for diseases of the heart shows a very 112 THE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. great increase. Diseases of the respiratory system, including pneumonia, caused 23.76 per cent, of the deaths, their average for all ages being only 14.25 per cent. Of the two thousand deaths, one thousand one hundred and forty-five, or 57.25 per cent., occurred under the age of 50 years, and eight hundred and fifty-five, or 42.75 per cent., at the age of 50 years or over that age. In the following table the ages at death are consolidated into these two groups, with the relative percentage of each group for each disease. i "2 . s 1 "0 . si leg- g J if a •C t5 c •0 Ag« at Death. •0 N 0. I ii 33 1 si S| SB c W S •a J3 c <3 (3 271 1 < r S J 99 5« 1k 5° 52 3 1 35 10 Under 50 years. 1,145 73 108 21 24 81 59 49 57 46 73 87 Percentage.. 57.25 8391 67.08 308a 76.77 42.86 36.16 70.24 32.03 54.10 55.88 52.27 56.59 42.28 69.05 70.00 76.92 50 years or over. 8SS 14 S3 47 82 32 143 25 104 84 45 42 56 71 39 15 3 Percentage.. 42-7; i6.og 32.95 69.1: 23.2; 57.14 63.84 29.76 67.97 45.90 44.1a 47.73 43.41 57.73 30.95 30.00 23.08 Diagram A illustrates Table III. DIAGRAM A.-l Total. a >> 1- O c « O c o O 0-.P o a < 4^* tarn 8.05 340 17. G. 5 2.80 11. i 19 to 29 Years. 12.95 7.19 .■51.63 30 to 39 Years. 6.54 9.93 2 8.09 40 to 49 Years 4.7-.' 9.61 2.53 18.72 287 50 to 59 Years 2.44 G.G5 r>.32 13.08 .155 12.20 60 to 69 Years. S 6.2 7 5.94 6.27 3.63 22.12 70 to 81 Years ''^ c c 3.96 4.9.'i 3.96 4.95 20.79 L98 a 1 rating Table III. (aoe at death.» • 3 " O » • 4.20 • S S-5.E ooc 50I m > • .?• 5 o. o 9.1: 5.10 4.K) G+: IP S2 :?-2. 6J5 G.IO I +36 436 641 • Mafl 0.98 in.20 7.99 557 .187 j.57 9.61 435 4B9 74: 9.98 8.2 5 4.43 4.95 5_T. 7.3: .128 6X50 3.87 8.47 556 7.10 5.23 j.70 10.2.1 I ] 30 H 1.1.86 9.90 198 197 7.92 2.97 MEDICAL, 113 TABLE IV. We hope to learn from this table the effect of the medical examination in controlling the mortality. There are some diseases, acute in character, which cannot be guarded against, and these diseases, among well-selected lives, should cause the bulk of the death-claims in the first year of insurance. Diseases peculiar to youth should also give a high mortality in the early periods. One hundred and fifty-six deaths occurred in the first year of insurance. Of these, ninety-three, or 59.62 per cent, of the whole number, were caused by typhoid fever and other zymotic diseases, pneumonia, diseases of the digestive system (omitting those of the liver), and accidents and injuries. This is in accord with what has been stated above, these diseases being usually acute in character, and, with the exception of pneumonia and diseases of the digestive system, especially prevalent in the early years of life. The relative proportions for typhoid fever and other zymotic diseases, and accidents and injuries, also diminish steadily throughout the years of insurance, as they were seen to diminish throughout the periods of age at death {vide Table III.). Consumption, on the other hand, which caused almost one-third of the deaths under 30 years of age, caused only 10.90 per cent, of the mortality in the first year of insurance, its general average being 17.65 per cent. This difference is probably mainly due to medical selection, but it must be borne in mind that consumption is usually a chronic disease, very seldom running its course in less than a year from the first appearance of marked symptoms. In the second year of insurance, the percentage for consumption mounts suddenly to 22.47, ^"^ reaches its highest figures in the third period — third to fifth years, inclusive. The effect of the medical examination would seem then to be exhausted after two or three years, the tendency of the disease to fatality in early life reasserting itself. The mortality from apoplexy, diseases of the heart, and diseases of the kidney, increases uniformly with the years of insurance, the 114 THE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. O < o I— I Q H Q pq <; w u <: p^ :z; I— I o Q O S W ^ XJ H iz; o ^ Go ^ O w W S > iz; » O CO "^ ^ M Ov O w en •S3U VO CO VJ o t^ to ^ JC^ l-l M t>. 00 VO tS -nfuj puB sjuapiDDy M vd M dv " lO to vd N CO VO 2 •ui3}sXg XjBuufi JO fO M ^ >o VO CO "^ M vO -* ^ 00 r^ to »2 S3SB3SIQ JamO P°^ M . w to m 2^ sXaupi^ JO S3SE3SIQ M (vi CO ■^ VO 00 •UiajsXg 3AI1S33 o\ ^ t^ a o to M lO to Ov Ov IH 00 -2 -}Q JO S3SB3SIQ J3i{;o M vO o lO VO lO M >. o 00 "^ -^ 00 Ov Ov N en °5 -^ N "<*• M 0\ M ■"t x^ o\ ^ VO IS •aaA!--! JO sasBSsiQ 06 '^i- w 01 "4 N ">+ to lO •uiajsXg XjojBJids o M o M 00 CO H t^ CO Ov CO VO to O lO I-, CO S -3^ JO S3SB3S1Q JSq^Q lO m lO lO lO in o O CO 00 t>» oo u5 fO M t^ On to CO *^ M to lO to 00 lo 12 •EJUOUin3UJ[ 00 M dv H 6 M M t^ "^ 00 >o d M VO 00 CO 2 •taajsXg Xjo;BinDji3 fO vO VO 00 M "2 o O VO Ov o ^2 U-) IH ^ "^ to 00 pUB :jJB3fJ JO S3SB3SIQ !-• t^ CO vO •. ON CO -?5 M M C«] CVJ M M >^ o "«* »-' ^ o Ov VO ^ en 00 •^ M vO to 00 o T^ VO M VO vO lo >2 •J3DUB3 VO ro 4 M CO W CO CvS IT) CO M M 00 vO Ov yj •S3SB3 M o u 00 00 M ^ Ov Ov r^ 00 r^ t-^ -siQ DijouiXz -laq^O VO M od OJ M l-l d "^ t^ to t^ ■* >d -2 m i^ ■<*■ . t-. Ov \n ^ m •SJ3A3J sniidXx puB pioqd^x 00 CO ->* Ov 00* l-l VO VO N IH •4 VO M c>i o o O lO lO o '=!• en o o VO 00 00 Ov ^ r^ IH O o lO lO C •p^ox HI t^ 00 ^* N o lO lO «j s n M N CO >> ..(-■S,. Vm c4 ^— i-'— N ' — ^ • H bo (tS (U CA o c >" «• • O c •Sti" . ^^ . 0) . ^ ha bp -o. bO ^-l ho 03 bo Sh 13 4-> O . ■U Ui a O ctf -4-> c «^ l-H CO M « > Deaths OF o O a* to O Si 0) a. o ■*-> VO o Oh < u a. DIAGRAM B— illustra • r> i: •> .!? o o • « Q. Total. 435 8.05 ;J40 17.60 2i30 11.2 1 St Year 8.97 12.83 [0.90 8.97 2d Year. &74 Ittll 281 22.47 3cl to 5th Year. 5.27 791 4.40 1.18 2£ 6th to 10th Year. -4.19 7.7 8 ai9 17.36 IHG 10.38 Above 10 Years. 22^ 670 Miti 13.9 4 4D9 14.2 3 13,016 IV. (Deaths during Year of Insurance. X"o«rt ail 5°° S-E £ o. O r u 3 C I 120 7.65 9.1 S 5JO 4.40 tt45 d.l5 G.;30 H5\ 10.90 5.13 125 10.f)() 256 16.03 I ] ia68 4JJ0 730 393 1?5 5l62 a37 9.3.1 4.40 B.35 484 8.1 :j .1.27 418 .->7I 7 in I0.5H ">..jy 1.7.9 «i)9 tiil 6.79 -,7 1 6.19 )9 11.2 7 H.8 7 5.07 .349 5.78 8.17 1 ] MEDICAL. "5 percentage in the last period being very much above the general average in each of the three classes. There were four deaths from disease of the kidneys in the first year of insurance, and in no one of these cases had the urine been examined at the time of issue of the policy. - Apart from the effect of medical selection in determining the cause of death, its effect in lessening the general mortality should be considered. In the table we see the relative proportions of the two thousand deaths increasing from 7.80 per cent, in the first year of insurance, to 35.50 per cent, in the period above ten years of insurance. This record compares very favorably with that of the Mutual Life Insurance Company,* as well as with the figures given by Mr. Meechf in his report of the experience of thirty American companies. Of thirty-five thousand four hundred and forty-two deaths included in Mr. Meech's investigations, two thou- sand four hundred and forty-five took place in the first six months of insurance, which would imply at least double that number, or 13.80 per cent., for the whole year. A comparative statement is given below of the respective per- centages for the first year of insurance and the period above ten years of insurance : Deaths during Years of Insurance. First year. Above 10 years. Thirty American Companies Mutual Life Insurance Company . Washington Life Insurance Company 13.80 i 10.82 ^ 7.80^ 14.91 '^ 22.43?^ 35.50 a Diagram B illustrates Table IV. * Mortality Experience of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, published in 1875. t System and Tables of Life Insurance, by Levi W. Meech, ii6 THE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. 6 10 M _u^ ^ 10 ^ lO I-) fO \0 *^m "*T*- ^ t'-OO ^ M -< •payissBpuQ M M w CO NO 10 "* ^0 CM ^■^ On -. f^ _^o -.0 >^' »o ONm w cOvo *-• M N ^0 ON© '-' H •sappms 10 N pi M CO 10 00 M »— 1 > 10 ^ 00 ^ t^ r^OO ,^"^ _o 10 On *-* ■S3U CO cS«? ^"? 00 t^ "^On t>>0 *^t». «<^ ^^ < 5z; en Q -nfuj puB sjuapiODV M 10 NO no' to d M 00 NO CO •uiajSiCs ^Buufi JO CO 10 M ^s NO S<5 00 j;^ CO N N 10 o H O S3SB3SIQ aaqio P"^ sXaupi^ JO S9SB3SIQ IH >d "°o 10 On CO N 00 ^ ■"^ . NO CO •uiajsXg aApsaS OS M 10 s§^ Onqv 00^ ^0 -{Q s« ^~ S Pi >-l -IQ JO S3SB9SIQ JaqiQ M o* NO NO no' 00 NO CO 00 M u NO CO o M ^ ^^ m CO 10 M On CJ ffi 00 -:*■ Si** CO 0\j^ »Oo N lOCM 52^ !im Q UaAJT^ JO S3SB3SIQ 00 rf ^. 10 CO >d CO >o If) -^ ■uiajsXg Xjo^BJids H ^^ JoK .?^ ^o{;5 On ^ ^8 CO t^ < O '"' -a-g JO S3SB3SIQ Jaq^o tH 10 •<*• " "«* On CO On uo CO NO < :zi NO CO m ^0 ^ w N m N m _ On _^ M Q w CO M 2^fo °S w H fTi voo M 10 ON(vj On^ M-lf) •Biuouinauj 00 M c> w ON 10 M M w On h :z; w M r^ N O •tua^sXg Xjo;Bin3Ji3 fO x^ 20 00 "R 00 25 *OiO JC^^^ C/2 < O w o w JO sascasiQ Jamo pUB ;JE3H JO S3SE3S1Q 10 S. 2t^ *^o6 no' On -■^ 00 . "(l- • woo •-• NO CO •uiajsXg snoA 00 -3 On CM Ovo CO N ^8 H 00 < -J3|^ JO sasBasiQ Jaq^O -"t CO r^ CO 10 U t^ N "o 00 ^PO CO -^N ■^ ^ On w Q ■D13 «1- w Jl^ ON On t^ON ONt^ ovo CO© 2.*^ S^N >h" g iz; 'sisXiBiBj 'Xxa^dody N N M tH • NO xo 0* CO d mnO CO H o <1 M M M M M t>* N ►H ^ NO 00 w ^0 « f^ « t^ > ^ w •S3SB3SIQ 10 00 ^^ t^lO *> N CO H 10 '^0 ^^^"? < > 1— 1 H IBUopn;i;suo3 lamo (vi N ri M CNJ HI in M 00 m -^00 -^00 ^0 _ W ^ N 00 1 << •aopdmnsuoQ CO 'SjN ^ M°0 s«> fo N ^T :?"? Iz; CO t^ N t^ t^ M CO 10 N I^ M N 1 < Ph M M M M N CO M NO CO >■ « f^ NO "* _t^ N ^ f*^ «^ f^ w uaouB^) 00 'Si- 0\a *^io 10 pj fOio M I/-) N 10 S>"?'=2^ u ro CO ci ^ CO (-1 W CO NO hJ U Pi C/3 r^ N PQ u^ _^o r^ (N) _^o « f^ 10 _^CM 00 <1 •S3SB3 -siQ opouiXz jsqjo M 00 M On On -si- <^ CO ION NO ^0. ?;<> M t>. CN) P u p^ w pu <^ (S| ;? m ,N ^ 00 ^"^i- _u<5 _o .0 ^ t>. CO . ^0 rto On *^0 NO ^ M ^. 00 M NO CO w P3 snqdXx puB pioiidXx •4 "^ n' "^ NO in •piox 0^ 00 t^ON '^od N CO CO 08 ^7o6 NO M 52; > cT •HNO H •HNO CO h .—-^^ t— ( • 4; • " • • • • H en bo , , , , < (i V h hJ & • If. bo >i3 • a> • OJ • • « • (U U 4i> .4; .ft; ^ fa g ^ to ho bo •-J CO bo bO •C bO w bo bo <: P^ Si rt rt ni rt i^ rt nj ,j c3 -w ■M nS -M 4-1 ■M c5 ■•-• -*-» u H 4-1 U (U H Bo G u W rt a 0) Bo -^ci < ^ •so. so. 2iPU "13 Oh §f^ ^0, •SO. §ou ^ 1— 1 U ^ P^ MEDICAL. 117 TABLE V. Natives of the United States furnish one thousand three hundred and seventy-eight deaths ; natives of Germany come next with two hundred and seventy-four, leaving but three hundred and forty- eight for all other nationalities. The numbers are, consequently, too small in this latter case to form a basis for trustworthy conclusions. By grouping all the foreign-born together, and comparing the relative percentage of the native and foreign-born for each disease, the results become of more value. With a few exceptions, nativity has had apparently but little influence in determining the cause of death. In most diseases the mortality of natives of the United States does not vary greatly from the general average for all nationalities. Zymotic diseases, cancer and apoplexy, however, caused a slight excess of deaths among natives, which is offset by a comparatively low mortality from respiratory diseases (except pneumonia), diseases of the liver, accidents, and suicides. Consumption has its highest percentage among the natives of Canada, and its lowest among those of Great Britain. Apoplexy caused relatively few deaths among the natives of Germany and of Great Britain. Diseases of the liver show a marked variation from the general average percentage, having caused a mortality of only 3.41 per cent, among the native-born, while among all other nationalities, except Canadians, the rate of death is very high. Accidents caused relatively a lower percentage of death among natives of the United States than among the foreign-born, probably because of the smaller number of the native-born engaged in hazardous occupations. Natives of Canada give the very high percentage of 10.60. There were comparatively few deaths by suicide among the native-born, while of the foreign-born the Germans furnish the highest percentage for any single nationality. Ii8 THE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. u I— I o O o I— t H P H ;z; Q O < < U K u < < H O W P^ O PQ W U iz; <: 1:3 < iz; o ;zi o I— I Q <: u in M o o o o PO tfl' •payissBjoufi 13^. o lO q q ^J3 0) VO vo' lO M vd t^ > IH >s tfl \o 0\ VO o o o VO Ov OS t« •sapping 13^. t^ ro o o U-) PI t^ 9 53 • D t^ oo' vo' oo' •^ ■» >. t/i M "^ VO o o Ov x^ Tf m tn 'S3IJ N q o P) N M N tJ3 LO 0) -nfuj puB sjuapioDy *^ t^ ■^ 00 fht PO t^ >% >% •uiajsXg XjBuufi JO tfl VO -, •uia^sXg aAijsaS tfl' t^ o o o q o q M PI ov tn tJ3 -TQ JO S3SB3SIQ jaqjQ * oo' VO* oo' d vd lO 00 >% M >, tfl N -* O VO o o o ^ Ov tn •JSAI'J JO S3SB3S1Q J3^. t>. 00 "? N q q r^ tJ3 (U OS Cfv d t^ vd pi d dv Ov « >^ M M M >> •uiajsXs XjojBaids tfl ov fO r^ po PO o q lO t^ tfl ^. 53 00 . (X3 PO vd t~i 00 >-» M >> tfl 00 CO M IH o o 00 PO CO tfl •Biuouinsuj rt "? u-> 00 On 00 q t--. in <>. 13 . vd po t-^ oo' 00 > >» •uia^sXg XjO}-B|noai3 tfl' VO M CO N t^ PO PO M M c/i JO S3SB3SIQ jamo rt°0 M M IH 00 PO Tf M ^53 pUB ;JB3H JO S3SB3SIQ 0) o M d\ M d M t>. PO IH IH M o > M >» tfl VO N On ON IH N lO PI O en •DJ3 ro t^ CM M PI X^ PO "?53 'sisX{EJB(j 'Xxajdody d uo d oo' t^ 00 d >^ w IH M >. tfl' VO lO OS o o O lO u-> lO «' •S3SB3SIQ rt ^ lO PI q m o t--. lO «. 53 IBUoijtupsuo^) JsqiO 0) d d d fo 4 vd PI d o -. HH IH M M IH IH •H >-. cfl Ov o M '^ o lO PI o lo tn •uoiiduinsuo3 rt ^ r}- 't H VO lO Ov ■^ ^53 * ^ >> W VO O o o *>- o o o N tn •J9DUB3 s "? -t o N VO o lO -^ '^. 53 -, w H-l M X tfl" 0\ 00 PO 00 lO o o 00 VO tfl 'S3SB9 13 *? vq t^ IH t-^ q PI vq - 53 00 OJ -siQ DT;ouii(z JsqiO t^ r^ oo' p» !>. vd t^ >^ IH >v tfl' xn t^ 00 o o O lO »^ Ov tfl *SJ3Aaj J3 ^. . Tt- 't pi vd >^ >^ tfl Tt t^ N ro VO VO N t^ PI tn •I^iox rt ^ r>. N lO lO PI •^ t^ 9 53 -. >. O . . o • • ^. DURAT Policy. • tfl • • tfl 'C tfl • (U G •!-> >% 1 tH • C o -t-> C/2 > o H C! c3 pq ■H •a c3 13 rt c3 CS 4J 'S § "S OJ 2 "a; 'S Ih o ;zi "^ o o V-i 1— 1 U o l:^ (3H MEDICAL, 119 TABLE VI. We have seen that nativity exercises but little influence in determining the cause of death. There seems, however, to be considerable difference between the different nationalities in respect to the duration of insurance before death. Natives of the United States give a general duration of policy of 8.77 years as compared with 8.02 years for the foreign-born, a difference of three-quarters of a year. Of the foreign-born, the natives of Ireland have the best record, followed closely by the natives of Great Britain. The Germans come next, and the natives of Canada are last, their average duration of insurance being but 6.26 years, two and one-half years less than the figures for the natives of the United States. The high average for the native-born is maintained throughout the various causes of death, with the exception of zymotic diseases, pneumonia, and diseases of the kidneys, in which classes the percentage is somewhat below the general average for all nationalities. The greatest difference in duration of insurance between the native and foreign-born is found in the classes of cancer, apoplexy, and suicides, the difference in favor of the native-born being 3.18 years, 2.82 years, and 2.70 years in the three classes respectively. The natives of Germany show the most noteworthy variation from the general average duration of insurance in the class of apoplexy, the duration being only 5.79 years, as compared with 9.66 years for all nationalities. The natives of Great Britain, as well as the natives of Ireland, correspond pretty closely with the general average, except in classes including only a limited number of deaths. The natives of Canada continue their low average duration throughout the table, excepting in the class of diseases of the liver, in which there were but two cases. The following supplementary table shows that the native-born attained a longer duration of insurance before death, in spite of the I20 THE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. fact that their average age at the time of insurance was 1.39 years greater than that of the foreign-born, therefore calHng for a shorter "expectation of life." On comparing this probable expectation with the actual duration of insurance in each case, we find that natives of the United States reached 31.00 per cent, and foreigners only 27.38 per cent, of their expectation of life respectively. ♦TABLE VI.— ^. i •a (3 "S Ja 3 OB Q ^ '5" & a,ti a f.? U OR •fe H 2 rt to b . •Sen .M S V t) ■0 United States. •0 c a •0 1 s 1 i Sew .2 1 If "0 5S "0. ."!B i3 2 c g 1 2 Q. 6 1 3 C Y'rs. u Y'rs. 0. Q. < Y'rs. Y'rs. m 5*' 6 uo. a Q Y'rs. jQ Y'rs. Y'rs. T3 « Y'rs. •a ■g 3 OT Y'rs. 1i Y'rs. Y'rs. Y'rs. Y'rs. Y'rs. Y'rs. Y'rs. Y'rs. Average age at issue 39-8s 33-7° 37-65 45-98 34-49 42.50 45-34 38.58 44.63 40.91 40.91 38.98 40.44 42.88 36.99 36-83 38-57 Average age at death 48.62 40-37 45-33 56.38 41.89 53-05 55.66 46.98 55-74 49-44 49.68 48.72 48.65 53.10 44-23 45-62 44-57 Average duration of insurance . 8.77 6.67 7.68 10.40 7.40 10.55 10.32 8.40 II. II 8-53 8.77 9-74 8.21 10.22 7.24 8-79 6.00 Foreign. Average age at issue 38.46 33-78 37-27 43-72 34.88 42.81 41.42 35.58 42.81 39-91 39.84 40.10 39-83 41.05 34.82 35-62 37.50 Average age at death 46.48 39-07 45-43 50.94 42.23 53.06 48.92 44.00 53." 48.59 48.11 49-59 47-32 51.70 40.27 41.71 4483 Average duration of insurance . 8.02 S-29 8.16 7.22 7-35 10.25 7-50 8.42 10.31 8.68 8.27 9.49 7.49110.65 1 5-45 6.09 7-35 * As these figures are based on mortality statistics, and have no reference to the living, it does not follow that foreigners insure generally at an earlier age than natives of the United States. In fact, it appears that the average age at insurance is somewhat greater among the foreign-born than among the native- born. The applications of 5,000 foreigners, taken from the books of the company, show an average age at issue of 34.11 years, while the applications of 10,000 natives of the United States give an average age of only 33.73 years. DIAGRAM C.-lllus 15 M 50 o "I Total. 4,35 8.05 :i.40 17.05 2B0 II. 2( N«w England. 3.87 +.42 6.08 17.13 3.32 16.1 II. New York. 3.G4 G.07 3.04 14.98 3i)4 13.36 III. New Jersey and Pennsylvania. 3.9J 8.40 3.64 19.89 252 IV. Southern States. M 15.23 3.55 16.74 3.55 V. Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. 5.94 8.58 2.97 16.17 2.31 10.5 VI. N. W States. (Incl. Kan., Neb., and Oak.) 6.42 8.6 G 120 19. .55 2.51 VII. Other Western States and Ter. (Rocky Mt. Plateau and Pac. Slop* ) 3.23 4.84 29.02 3.2 ing Table VII. (Residence at Death.> ozg • S • S5.E • c . :V> S c • : -c ^ * > o "•^ O o -0 -5 2. o c 1 4.20 7.03 I 4.60 G.07 G(i)l 831 :J.G4 7.03 6.72 3.37 4.76 GJG 7.00 7..» 8 4.i7 6.00 7M2 j 711 i G.O'.) J , \ \ 660 PJi4 5,0 « I 4.95 6.27 13.20 7.92 131 7.92 231 .■iei 224 6.42 «I0 5.59 391 G.HR r)87 lO.Ob 8.06 3.23 12.90 1129 3.23 353 LBI 8.06 MEDICAL. 121 TABLE VII. New England gives us a very high mortality from cancer, apoplexy, diseases of the heart, and diseases of the kidneys, and a very low mortality from zymotic diseases, diseases of the liver, and accidents. The percentage of death from consumption is somewhat below the average for the total number. New York furnishes a comparatively large number of deaths from diseases of the liver and diseases of the kidneys. Apoplexy and diseases of the heart are also somewhat above the general average rate. Typhoid fever and other zymotic diseases, consumption, acci- dents, and suicides are all considerably below the average for the whole country. New Jersey and Pennsylvania follow very closely the general average percentage, the slight excess for consumption being offset by the low rate for pneumonia and other acute diseases of the respiratory system. The most striking variation in the Southern States, from the general average, is the low mortality from typhoid fever, contrasted with the very high mortality from other zymotic diseases. Diseases of the liver give a very large percentage, and diseases of the kidneys an extremely small one. Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois furnish a rather high death-rate from zymotic diseases, including typhoid fever. Pneumonia aod other diseases of the respiratory system caused 21.12 per cent, of the mortality, the general average being only 14.25 per cent. There were very few deaths from diseases of the kidneys. In the Northwestern States the mortality from zymotic disease, including typhoid fever, is very great. Accidents, as well as suicides, give a very high percentage, the figures in both cases being much higher than in any other section of the country. Apoplexy caused very few deaths. Section VII. includes so few deaths that the' variations from the general average are probably in most cases simply accidental. Of 122 THE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. ffi H Pi3 Q Q en 1— 1 W en rl W < P^ w pq < u Pi Q , to \0 W • CI . M CO 2" S^ CM On o On m N CO CM « -3^ JO S3SB3SIQ jaqiQ M lO CM -* CO t^"' t^ in CO •* ir> O *-•-*. N N ^ O o On t^ fC M ON IT) t^ li-) Tj- t^ tr NO O CM ON M t^ M ** •Biaoranauj 00 • M . ■* • M • IH ZT' "* M M Ov O On M NO t^ CO M 00 M M ■«:«■ •uiaisXg Xjo;BinDai3 to vO to On O CM O mOO 00 w On«. O On (M to CM 00 o OnOO 00 NO NO M JO S3SB3SIQ J3mO pUB :iiB3H JO S3SB3STQ HI t^ M OCi^OC)^ s." NO NO* M no' cm' M o CM NO "^i-^ t^ m Th CO ^ •ux3;sXg snoA N o M lO to o "^ NO ^ On 00 CM N Cm'n M -J3J^ JO S3SB3SIQ J3q}0 -^ lO lO CO "* -* W CO "* o CM ^ NO r^ ^ lO r^ CM NO 00 •o;3 "* CM o\ QNO f0 2. ^M " M, in to ^ to o *- m 'sis^iBJBj 'Xx3idodv N M NO CO M M M M o M NO 00 ■4 O CM -^ _ CM lO M M CO 00 •S3SB3SIQ 00 >o fO ^ O ON XjO *^ lO *^ CO On m N CM '-' O {BUOi}n}nsao3 -laqiO N CO CO CM CO CM CM CO CM m CO _^00 o ^ •>* _ **H m M 00 •uopdmnsuo^ fo fO NO M ■* On '-' 00 ^ On t^ ON NO ^ M NO* O On 00 M o *- m ■4 M M M M M M M CM H o 00 T^ -* lO r^ o CO CO 00 Tt w o >« O '^ \0 *^ lO o> On O 00 N CM '-' o •J33UB3 NO fO NO CO CO CO CM* M CM CO cm' lO N ^ t^ ^ o „ f^ ^ 00 NO "* ^ m •S3SB3 o CO ^ o o o • to ]< to Tj- o . to «i^ in M to NO to 00 *^ eg -sig^ oi;ouiXz jaqjQ l-l 00 -<*• NO 00 lO M 00 00 ■* NO to t^ "* _^ CM CM ^ CM «o _ 1^ •SJ3A3_J snqdXj^ puB pioqdXx 00 CO t>. 00 «5 NO ■* CO CO On ^ CO moo M in to no' (M N CO H ■4 o o o lO _^ o lO "^ ^ lO o o ^ o M O "* t^ *^ 00 *^ 00 s? M 00 On N M 00 ^ •l^^ox 00 ^ ON *. lO Xj o^ V^ o to NO ^ "^ IH On Tt ^ to r^ w On to m to t^ CO CM N CM M M W ^-«-J'— - Cfl JO ^ ^J^_ s ^-^ w • a; •a o • ft) _I ^ ^^ CO _y en bo5 4; P 4) (U jj o en -: 1) U bo s c3 bOTS bo bo +J bo bo ctj oj nj (73 CO C CO '^Q c^J 5^ u ^ CO rd ii bo 60 -u t5 -M -a 4J rt -M fo •*-» ►^^ 4^S ^1 ■i^ -M r. Q S^ rt c c o a c G r C r c n (3 < fc 5: ™ w a> >H u c3 0) S 1) T3 U . . 5 (U bo OJ rt c o o . O J3 U C Perc VI. N. W (inc. Kan. Neb., Perc II. Other S O 1— ( hH > I 1— ( > MEDICAL. 123 the eighteen persons who died of consumption not one was born in this section, and only four resided there at time of issue of policy. The deaths in foreign countries are even fewer in number than those in the previous section, and do not call for any extended comment. Such variations from the average death-rate as have just been noted in the different divisions of the country cannot be attributed entirely to local causes. Differences in age at insurance, nativity, and occupation, if very marked, must have some influence in modi- fying the relative proportions as given in Table VII. Of these three factors, the age at insurance is probably the most important. TABLE VII.— a. Residence at Death. Average Age at Insurance. Nativity, United States. Foreign. Total .... 39.42 years. 68.90^ 31.10 ^ I. New England 41.39 years. 86.74 J^ 13.26^ II. New York 40.54 years. 68.62;^ 31.38 ^ III. N. J. & Pa. . 40.98 years. 76.75 ^ 23.25 ^ IV. Southern States 39.92 years. 75.63 ^ 24.375^ V. Ohio, Indiana and Illinois 39.22 years. 66.345^ 33.66^ VI. Northwestern States . 36.18 years. 56.15 i 43.85^ VII. Other Western States 35.06 years. 67.74 ^ 32.26^ VIII. Foreign Countries 37.75 years. 31.25 % 68.75 K> In the above table New England gives the greatest average age at insurance, and its relative percentage of native-born is also by far the highest. We have here a two-fold cause for the excessive mortality from cancer and apoplexy, and the influence of advanced age in increasing the percentage of death from heart disease and disease of the kidneys is only partially neutralized by the relatively 124 THE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. low fatality of these diseases among the native-born (v. Tables II. and v.). The low mortality from zymotic disease again shows that the influence of age is more powerful than that of nationality. The few deaths from diseases of the liver accord with the small percentage of foreign-born (Table V.). Age and nativity unite in lowering the percentage of death from accident. The moderate mortality from consumption, in spite of the trying climate of this section, is probably directly due to the advanced age at insurance and the large proportion of native-born. The tables for occupations have not yet been considered, but the following cross-table gives the percentage of the principal occupa- tions in each section of the country and in the country at large. TABLE VII.— 3. Residence at Death. Occupations. 4.S M Hazardous .^ and "O Unhealthy. 1 U 935 u 1 •s u s 915 e a \ 7.90 7.85 X 1 CQ N Professions. General Average Percentage. 29.65 S-50 5.20 New England. Percentage. 41.44 10.50 6.63 14.92 6.63 1.66 2.76 6.07 9-39 New York. " 3583 9.II 9.72 6.27 8.50 6.07 5-87 S.67 12.96 N. J. and Pa. 32.49 1345 9.53 8.13 11.76 504 4.20 4.20 11.20 Southern States. " 31.98 12.18 10.15 2.54 6.09 8.63 5-59 8.63 14.21 Ohio, Ind., and Ills. " 27,06 10.56 8.25 12.54 6.94 14.85 6.27 4.29 9.24 Northwestern States. " 15.64 18.71 9-77 13.68 7.26 8.69 7.26 335 1564 Other Western States. " 12.90 177^ 16.13 6.45 1. 61 14.52 4.84 6.45 19.36 Foreign Countries. " 33-34 25.00 6.25 417 8.33 4.17 8.33 10.41 Continuing our study of the deaths in New England, we note in this table that the class of merchants furnishes 41.44 per cent, of the mortality in this section, the proportion for all other occupa- tions except that of mechanics being considerably below the average MEDICAL, 125 for the whole country. Further, by referring to Table IX., it will be seen that the mortality among merchants coincides very nearly with the mortality as we have just described it in New England, and it would seem reasonable to consider occupation as second only to age in its influence upon the causes of death. With the exception of the Northwestern States, the variations in age at insurance, nativity and occupation are not so marked throughout the other divisions of the country as in New England, hence the results are not so uniform. In the Northwestern States, the conditions are the very reverse of those in New England, and the effect is evident in the mortality. The average age at insurance is very low, the percentage of foreign-born is very high, and the proportion of merchants is extremely small, other occupations, especially those of a hazardous or unhealthy character, furnishing the bulk of the mortality. In consequence, we find that the per- centage of deaths from cancer, apoplexy, heart disease, and disease of the kidneys is, without a single exception, below the average, while typhoid fever and other zymotic diseases, consumption, accidents, and suicides caused 48.88 per cent, of the deaths, the percentage from the same diseases in New England being only 30.39- The accompanying diagram C illustrates Table VII., the deaths in foreign countries being omitted. 126 THE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. u I— I o Ph o :z; o I— ( E- «^ ;=) Q <1 W Q H U Iz; w Q t— I Q o < < < •J U H H W < Q Q ^ ^ o o iz; W Q pq t— I w 3 u ^ o iz; P^ o Q O U U O P^ Q ^ w « >» Wso o o o o t^ fO o O W* •sapiDing 13^. lO o On m M »o VO o. 13 0) t^ oo' t^ On t^ U-) r^ 00 M V >% >. W* M o Tt- M o NO 00 o VO w' rt^. 00 o NO N o »o c« - J3 o ^ M >. •luajsXs XjBuufi JO t/5 VO NO HI Tt- fO C4 o VO ui sasB3siQ jaq;o P"^ rt ^7 q M NO '*• '^ NO o ^J3 S^aupj;^ JO S3SB3S|Q 4) O M M M no' t>. oo' HI •H >N •raa^sXs sAi^saS o o On 00 o o 00 00 O m q Jg -IQ JO S3SB3STQ JSqiQ On t^ On NO t^ r^ >% >^ tfJ N O «>. ''J- VO ro NO o O w U3Aiq JO S3SB3SIQ J3^. 00 *>. N N Tl- fO VO o. J3 QJ 0\ 00* 6 CN 00 oo' 0\ VO to (U >-. w HI >% •uia^sXs XioiBiids o 00 o NO 00 00 O o o o O tn "?J3 00 v -3^ JO S3SB3SIQ J3l{10 (U 00 "^ O M rf On t^ • M >» M M IH >. CflOO o ON >* ro N ^ NO O tn •Biuoranauj ^^ o o lO On 't M 00 o 53 > M )H Hi >^ •uiaisXg jCio}BinojT3 12 ^ o t^ ON 00 fO lO VO in cn JO S3SB3SIQ aamo rt°o N *", N lO NO CO M ^.53 pUB ?JB3H JO S3SB9SIQ >-. M 0\ M M O d 00* HI M O (U •uiajsXg snoA ^■^ o 00 o o NO o «o NO -J3^ JO S3SB3SIQ J31HO D 00 t^ On On lO On t-* 00 en VO NO NO On o On •<*• o On «" t^ 00 M -^ NO O o ^. J3 O -. M M HI w >^ en VO rc o t^ On M o o O .w" rt 't 00 00 NO -. M h-l M M c< >> M ON ■* M r^ M N t^ •* NO 5«* •uoqduinsuor) J3 ^ *^ 00 On 00 M NO Tt <». {3 ' > IH {>, CO VO On . M M HI >% jn On >o ^0 PO r* ■* t^ o CO {«* M «^ CO H o 00 o ^{3 -siQ onouiXz jsq^o o O t^ NO NO NO M >-. M M HI M >^ W u-> NO NO t^ t^ ON 00 o O tfl* J3 - NO ro Tt- o o. 13 VO % HI >, AT Death. OF Policy. c O Jersey ) Penn- [ ania. ) tn 13 ■t-> S Indiana, ) Illinois. [ . States ) braska, aud f ta). ) •West.S. ) Ter. [ jauandPac. \ c 3 O U c .^e«' UJ 1— 1 > HHt4 > 6 a H-l HH > MEDICAL. 127 TABLE VIII. The general average duration of policy being 8.54 years, New York shows the most favorable experience with 9.77 years dura- tion, followed closely by New Jersey and Pennsylvania with 9.62 years. New England is third with a duration of 9.01 years. All other sections of the country give a duration much less than the average, the Southern States coming last with an average length of policy of only 6.86 years. As was stated under Table VII., the deaths in foreign countries are too few in number to repay consideration. New York maintains its high average throughout the various causes of death, with but three exceptions, in which the figures are slightly less than those for the total mortality. The same may be said of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. This fact would seem to show that the high average duration of the policies in these sections is due, not so much to immunity from those diseases which cause their heaviest mortality in the early years of insurance, but to the general excellence of the risks, considered from all standpoints. In New Jersey and Pennsylvania, in fact, as was seen in Table VII., the mortality from such causes as consumption and accident was even above the general average percentage. New England, also, though not ranking as high as the above- mentioned sections, gives figures above the average duration in two- thirds of the causes of death. On the other hand, the short duration of policy in the Southern States persists throughout twelve of the fifteen classified causes of death, being very striking in the mortality from apoplexy, in which the average length of insurance was only 5.40 years. As a large majority of those dying in this section were native-born {v. Table VII. — ci), and the relative percentage for hazardous and unhealthy occupations was not above the average for the whole country {y. Table VII. — <5), neither nationality nor occupation can be con- sidered a factor in this unfavorable experience. The Northwestern States, whose experience is only slightly more 128 THE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. favorable than that of the Southern States, rate below the average in all but one of the causes of death. According to Table VII. — a, 43.85 per cent, of those dying in this section were foreign-born, and it may here be added that of these foreign-born 21.66 per cent, were Canadians. We have already seen in Table VI. that the foreign- born generally average a shorter length of insurance before death than the native-born, and that natives of Canada show an especially unfavorable experience in this regard. Again, according to Table VII. — b, 18.71 per cent, of those dying in this region were engaged in occupations involving more than ordinary risk or exposure, so that this unfavorable factor is to be added to that of foreign birth in searching for the causes of the short duration of insurance. The duration of insurance in Sections V. and VII., though somewhat less than the average for the whole country, does not call for especial comment. In Table VIII., the actual duration of policy before death has been employed as a standard of comparison in studying the effect of a given residence upon the length of insurance. But, as we have seen in Table VII. — a, the age at insurance varies considerably in the different sections of the country, and the expectation of life should vary correspondingly. If, now, we rate the various sections according to the percentage of expectation attained in each, we have the following table : TABLE VIII.— a. Residence at Death. Percentage of Expectation of Life Attained. J^^ Group I. ^^ Group II. Total .... 29.86 ^ New England .... New York New Jersey and Pennsylvania Southern States .... Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois Northwestern States Other Western States and Territories 33.16 ^ 35.16 i 35.03 ^ 24.29 i 26.48 ^ 22.85 ^ 24.86 ^ MEDICAL. 129 In this table, as in Table VIII., the different sections of the United States fall naturally into two groups, the first containing New England, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and the second including all other States and Territories. The States in Group I. attained approximately one-third of their expectation of life, and those in Group II. only one-quarter. New England compares more favorably with the other sections in its group than it did in Table VIII., though it still ranks below them. Ohio, Indiana," and Illinois now lead Group II., and the Northwestern States fall to the lowest place. 9 130 THE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Iz; O HH H < PLh ;::> U u C o H O :z; fi c< o u u ^ H! < H Q <: M pi3 Q < Pi ^ P< o <1 CO f^" M < Kfl hJ "^ U < m u o < H CO !?; iz; o O 1— 1 ?^ H > < Q !::) u ?■) u < Q H pq < u Pi PLh O iz; •^.s ^;t ^s? 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J3 On (U 'sisXiBJBjj 'Xxaidody ON 00 w M 0\ 0\ 00 t^ M tH CO >% IH M M HI M >> in VO VO fo o o o to t^ o t-» o o O tn rt t On rO VO o o N VO o VO to to o 13 puoiin^psuo^ JaqiO 0) O O O to On e^) o On Ov On o o r^ 0) >, M M M M M M M HH w >, cft Ov 00 to t^ M to t^ On 00 O o o VO en •aopdoinsno^ rt ^ 00 00 M ON to fO VO CO N t^ HI ^rt ^ >» en VO 00 o o o o o O w IH o o O en •J3DUB3 rt "? t^ to to o VO o o t^ *^ to o ^rt (U On N t^ w ON ro On ro t^ 00 N 00 o > M w tH HI M >S en On N o 0\ VO Tt- M o t^ to to ON HI en J3 *T ro % M HI >% en lo t^ t^ O N t^ VO o o o o t^ O en •SJ3A3J J5 ^. 0) VO fO VO O ON VO to to 00 O o NO 9 f3 CO » o t>» IH ON CO 00 en •F?ox rt ^ Tl- VO -^ M t^ to ro N «-. N CO ^. 13 > >N 2; O ^ C 3 . . . • en D C Q >* • XJ • • • • o 3 . ^ £2 . . 5^ w O (U .5^ Z (U en en en (U ex en . c o o . CTJ ■!-> i-i >, O a, Hi O en tion. Total . . Percentag^e • . 2,000 353 17.65 750 41 S.47 560 100 17.86 690 313 30.72 According to Table L, weight is a most important factor in regu- lating the percentage of death from consumption. The normal mortality of 17.65 per cent, falls to 5.47 per cent, among those above the standard weight, resumes its ordinary figures in Group II., and rises to 30.72 per cent, among those below the standard in weight. The figures are even more striking in Table M, in which the 2,000 cases are classified according to the presence or absence of a predisposition to consumption. I50 THE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. TABLE M. Group I. Weight above Standard. Group II. Standard Weight. Group III. Weight below Standard. Total. Died of Consump- tion. Died of Consump- tion. Died of Consump- tion. Died of Consump- tion. Total . . 2,000 353 750 41 560 100 690 212 General average ) percentage . ) 17-65 5-47 17.86 30.72 Class A. Predispo- sition to consump- tion, hereditary or acquired, or both . 448 127 163 10 99 27 186 90 Percentage • • 28.35 6.13 27.27 48.39 Class B. No pre- disposition to con- sumption . . . 1.552 226 587 31 461 73 504 122 Percentage • • 14.56 5.28 15.84 24.21 The effect of a slight excess of weight in almost annulling a consumptive tendency is shown by the practical agreement of the percentages in the two classes in Group I. In Group II., in which there is neither excess nor deficiency of weight, the per- centages do not vary materially from the general average of their respective classes. On the other hand, in Group III., the union of light weight and a predisposition to consumption gives a mortality of 48.39 per cent., and even among those with no such predisposition, the percentage is 24.21. MEDICAL. 151 CANCER. Although cancer is usually classed among hereditary diseases, there is a wide difference of opinion among authorities as to the exact part played by the hereditary taint in the causation of the disease. Velpeau believed that one in three cases of cancer showed an inherited predisposition. Sir James Paget's investigations yielded one in four ; Mr. Sibley concluded from the statistics of Middlesex Hospital that the proportion was less than one in twelve. The late Willard Parker found a record of cancer in the family of only 56 out of 397 cases of cancer of the breast operated upon by him. He expresses it as his well-considered opinion that cancer is not an hereditary disease. The result of our investigations on this point is given in Table A, below. TABLE A. Total. Died of Cancer. Hereditary tendencies to cancer 2,000 68 General average percentage 3.40 Class I. Cancer in family history . 56 I Percentage 1.79 Class II. No cancer in family history . 1.944 67 Percentage 3.45 Of the 56 cases in Class I., 17 lost a father, 24 a mother, 7 a brother, and 8 a sister by cancer. The hereditary tendency in all these cases is thus seen to be marked, and yet but one of the 56 terminated in death by cancer, the percentage being actually less than among the 1,944 cases whose family history, up to the time of insurance, was free from any cancerous taint. This accidental variation of percentage would no doubt disappear were the number 152 THE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. of cases sufficiently large to give uniform results. As far as these figures go, they support the opinion that has been gaining ground of late among medical men, namely, that the hereditary element is not such an important factor in the production of cancer as was formerly believed. The average age at insurance of the 56 cases was 43.00 years, the average age at death 52.62 years, giving a duration of policy of 9.62 years. As the average duration of policy of the 2,000 cases was but 8.54 years (vide Table IV., Part I.), the cancerous tendency in the family history cannot be said to have lessened the longevity of the 56 cases. Regarded from the standpoint of life insurance, then, a death from cancer in the family record of an applicant does not necessarily prejudice the risk in any respect. MEDICAL. 153 DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS. Diseases of the nervous and circulatory systems have so many features and symptoms in common that it has seemed well to group the two classes in one chapter. Though these diseases are not usually considered hereditary, nevertheless we sometimes find a constitutional tendency to them transmitted from one generation to another. Diseases of the urinary system are also closely allied with the above diseases, and an attempt was made to include them in this study. It was, however, finally decided to omit them for the present, for the sake of greater clearness. The various tendencies are divided into " hereditary " and "acquired," as in the chapter on consumption. We have followed the same plan as in that chapter, and arranged a similar series of tables. TABLE A. Tendencies to Diseases of Nervous and Circulatory Systems. Hereditary Tendency. Acquired Tendency. Hereditary and Acquired Tendencies. No Tendency Whatever. Total . 2,000 Percentage . 183 144 7.20 36 1.80 '.637 81.85 As seen in Table A, 183 cases, or 9.15 per cent., showed an hereditary tendency alone ; 144, or 7.20 per cent., an acquired tendency alone ; and 36, or 1.80 per cent, both hereditary and acquired tendencies; the remaining 1,637 cases, or 81.85 percent., were free from any tendency whatever, either in the family record or personal history. In the subjoined table (B), we see the apparent effect of these 154 THE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. tendencies in increasing the mortality from ' the diseases under consideration, the cases being classified as in Table A, with the num- bers and percentages dying in each class. TABLE B. Tendencies to Diseases of Nerv- ous AND Circulatory Systems. Total. Deaths by Diseases of Total Deaths by Diseases of Nervous and Circula- tory Systems. Nervous System. Circulatory System. Total . . 2,000 308 153 461 General average percentage 1540 7.65 . 23.05 Class I. Hereditary tendency alone .... 183 37 2J 58 Percentage 20.22 11.48 31.70 Class II. Acquired tendency alone .... 144 30 15 45 Percentage 20.83 10.42 31.25 Class III. Hereditary and ac- quired tendencies combined 36 8 8 16 Percentage 22.22 22.22 44.44 Class IV. No tendency whatever 1,637 233 109 342 Percentage 14.23 6.66 20.89 According to Table B, the total relative mortality from diseases of the nervous and circulatory systems is about the same, whether the tendency be hereditary or acquired. The percentage rises to 44.44 among those with hereditary and acquired tendencies com- bined, and falls to 20.89 among the 1,637 cases with no tendency whatever. HEREDITARY TENDENCIES. In Table C, the 2,000 cases are divided according to the presence or absence of the hereditary tendency. The 219 cases comprise Classes I. and III. of Table B. MEDICAL. TABLE C. 155 Hereditary Tendencies to Dis- ToUL Deaths by Diseases of Total Deaths by Diseases eases OF Nervous and Circu- latory Systems. Nervous System. Circulatory System. of Nervous and Circula- tory Systems, Total 2,000 308 153 461 General average percentage 15.40 7.65 23.05 Hereditary tendency 219 45 29 74 Percentage . 20.55 13.24 33.79 No hereditary tendency . 1,781 263 124 387 Percentage . 14.77 6.96 21.73 Table C does not call for special comment. In order to study more closely the 219 cases with hereditary tendencies, we have subdivided them according to the nature of those tendencies with the proportionate mortality of each class from diseases of the nervous and circulatory systems respectively. TABLE D. Hereditary Tendencies to Dis- eases OF Nervous and Circxh-a- TORY Systems. Total. Deaths by Diseases op Total Deaths by Diseases of Nervous and Circulatory Systems. Nervous System. Circulatory System. Total 219 45 29 74 General average percentage 20.55 13.24 33.79 Class I. To diseases of nervous system .... 154 34 18 Sa Percentage . 22.08 11.69 33.77 Class II. To diseases of circula- tory system 65 II II 22 Percentage . 16.92 16.92 33.84 156 THE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. In Class I. of the above table, the family record suggested a greater or less tendency to diseases of the nervous system. That this tendency was real in many cases is shown by the large percent- age of deaths from these diseases, viz., 22.08 per cent, the normal percentage being only 15.40 (vide Tables B and C). Diseases of the circulatory system also caused a high mortality in this class, namely, 11.69 P^^ cent. As the tendencies of the 154 cases in Class I. vary greatly in their significance, we have arranged them as follows : TABLE D'. Nature of Supposed Tendency in Family History to Diseases of Nervous System. Total General average percentage • One or more deaths from apoplexy Percentage .... One death from insanity . Percentage .... One death from alcoholism Percentage .... One death from epilepsy . Percentage .... Total. Deaths by Diseases of Nerv- ous Sys- tem. 154 34 22.08 118 21 , 17.80 15 5 ^ 33.33 12 4 33.33 9 4 44.44 . 36.11 ^. The relative mortality among the 118 cases with apoplexy in the family history was only 17.80 per cent. On the other hand, of the 36 cases with a family history of insanity, alcoholism, or epilepsy, 13, or 36.11 per cent., died of diseases of the nervous system. It should be added that 3 of the 15 cases with hereditary tendency to insanity died by suicide. The 65 cases in Class II. of Table D reported one or more deaths by heart disease in their family history. The mortality in this class from diseases of the circulatory system reaches the very high percentage of 16.92, more than double the normal percentage (7.65). We have now to consider the effect of adding an acquired tend- ency to the hereditary tendencies described above. MEDICAL. 157 On dividing the 219 cases according to the presence or absence of an additional acquired predisposition, we get the following Table E : TABLE E. Hereditary Tendencies to Diseases of Nervous and Circulatory Systems. Total. Total Deaths by Diseases of Ner- vous and Circula- tory Sys- tems. Hereditary Ten- dencies Alone, Hereditary and Acquired Tenden- cies Combined. Deaths by Diseases of Nervous and Circulatory Systems. Deaths by Diseases of Nervous and Circulatory Systems. Total General average) percentage ) 219 74 33.79 183 58 32.22 36 16 44-44 Class I. To diseases of nervous system Percentage Class II. To diseases of circulatory system . Percentage 65 52 33.77 22 33.84 "5 58 39 31.20 «9 32.76 29 7 13 44.83 3 42.86 According to this table the percentages of mortality are increased in about the same proportion in the two classes by the addition of an acquired to the hereditary tendency. ACQUIRED TENDENCIES. One hundred and eighty cases showed a more or less marked acquired tendency to diseases of the nervous and circulatory systems. These cases comprise Classes II. and III. of Table B. The 36 cases of Class III., in which were combined hereditary and acquired tend- encies, have already been studied from the former standpoint. In the subjoined Table F, the mortality of the 180 cases may be compared with that of the 1,820 cases without any acquired predisposition. 158 THE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. TABLE F. Acquired Tendencies to Diseases OF Nervous and Circulatory Systems. Total. 1 Deaths by Diseases of Total Deaths by Diseases of Nervous and Circula- tory Systems. Nervous System. Circulatory System. Total General average percentage 2,000 308 15.40 153 7.65 461 23.05 Acquired tendencies Percentage . No acquired tendencies . Percentage . 180 1,820 38 2I.II 270 14.83 23 12.78 130 7.14 61 33.89 400 21.97 We have divided these 1 80 cases into three groups, as shown in Table G, with the relative mortality for each group. TABLE G. Acquired Tendencies to Diseases OF Nervous and Circulatory Systems. Total. Deaths by Diseases of Total Deaths by Diseases of Nervous and Circula- tory Systems. Nervous System. Circulatory System. Total 180 38 23 6i General average percentage 2I.II 12.78 33.89 Group I. To Diseases of nervous system .... 18 8 8 Percentage . 44.44 44.44 Group II. To Diseases of circu- latory system . 19 4 2 6 Percentage 21.05 10.53 31.58 Group III. Rheumatism or gout previous to insurance 143 26 21 47 Percentage 18.18 14.69 32.87 MEDICAL. 159 Group I., in the above table, is made up as follows : Previous history of Intemperance, 3 cases, of whom i died of disease of nervous system and i by suicide. o " '* 1 " "(insan'y) o " o '* o " Partial paralysis, 3 " " 2 Convulsions, 2 " 2 Nervous prostration, 3 ' ' " Insanity, 2 " " 2 Meningitis, 2 " Epilepsy, i '* '* Very excitable and nervous at time of examination, 2 " " I ToUl . 18 " 8 Diseases of the nervous system and suicides caused 11 deaths of the 18, or 61. 11 per cent. Group II. is composed of i6 cases with history of irregular pulse previous to or at the times of examination, 2 cases with doubtful heart murmur, and i case with slight cardiac hypertrophy. As seen in the table, only 2 of the 19 cases died of disease of the circulatory system, but 4 died of disease of the nervous system (apoplexy in each case). Group III. includes 136 cases with history of rheumatism and 7 with history of gout. The percentage of death from diseases of the nervous system, while less than in the two previous groups, is still considerably above the average for the whole 2,000 cases. Diseases of the circulatory system caused a mortality of 14.69 per cent, about double the normal percentage. RHEUMATISM. It is very important to distinguish between the various kinds of rheumatism, but in the majority of the 136 cases above we are unable to do so with any accuracy. In 68 cases, or just one-half, the disease is simply referred to as " rheumatism." In the others it is variously described as "slight" (38 cases), "chronic" or i6o THE WASHINGTON LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. "occasional" (4 cases), and "acute articular" or "inflammatory" (26 cases). It is well understood that acute articular or inflam- matory rheumatism is the form most apt to involve the heart, and yet of the 26 cases only i, or 3.85 per cent, died of disease of the heart, while of the 38 "slight" cases, 10, or 26.32 per cent., died of heart disease. These percentages are directly the opposite of what we should a priori expect, especially the low mortality among the 26 cases, who, according to their own statement, had suffered from acute inflammatory rheumatism. The following seems to us a ^reasonable explanation of this apparent anomaly : The words " inflammatory rheumatism " in the 26 cases would naturally arrest the attention of the examiner and lead to a more thorough examination of the heart, with the result of excluding any case of heart disease already developed. The consequence of this careful selection would be to give us 26 individuals unusually free from cardiac weakness, hence the small mortality subsequently from heart disease. On the other hand, " slight rheumatism " is so common that its simple mention in the personal history of an applicant hardly attracts any notice, and yet many of these cases, if they were investigated, would probably prove to have been of the severe inflammatory type, with involvement of the heart. [Among the risks rejected by this Company were 229, in which the cause of rejection was organic disease of the heart. Sixty-one of the 229, or 26.64 per cent., had had inflammatory rheumatism. On the other hand, there were only 10 cases, or 4.37 per cent, of the 229, in which the history was of "slight rheumatism." These figures are in full accord with the explanation suggested above.] Two of the 136 rheumatic cases died of rheumatism. The mortality of the 7 gouty cases was distributed as follows : Gout 2 (hereditary taint also in both cases), apoplexy i, heart disease I (father and sister died of rheumatism, brother of apoplexy), cirrhosis of liver i, stricture of oesophagus i, B right's disease i. In order to show the effect of the presence or absence of an additional hereditary tendency, we have divided the 180 cases into two classes, as follows: MEDICAL, TABLE H. I6i Total deaths by Acquired Tenden- cies Alone. Acquired and He- reditary Tenden- cies Combined. Acquired Tendencies to Disease of Nervous and Circulatory Systems. Total. Diseases of Ner- vous and Circula- tory Sys- tems. Deaths by Disease of Nervous and Circulatory Systems. Deaths by Disease of Nervous and Circulatory Systems. Total . 1 80 61 144 45 36 16 General average) percentage \ 33.89 31.25 44.44 Class I. To diseases of nervous system 18 8 13 7 5 I Percentage • 44.44 53.85 20.00 Class II. To diseases of circulatory system . 19 6 13 5 6 I Percentage . 31.58 38.46 16.67 Class III. Rheumatism or gout previous to in- surance . 143 47 118 33 25 14 Percentage • 32.87 27.97 56.00 In Classes I. and II. of Table H, the number of cases is too small when thus divided to give uniform results. In these classes, also, the acquired tendency is so much more important than the hereditary tendency that any variation may well be considered accidental. In Class III. the percentage is doubled by the addition of the hereditary tendency. II