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 THE THIRTEENTH BOOK 
 
 THE METAMORPHOSES 
 
 OV I D.
 
 WORKS EDITED BY CHARLES HALNES KEENE. 
 
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 THE THIRTEENTH BOOK 
 
 THE METAMORPHOSES 
 
 OF 
 
 OVID 
 
 WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES 
 
 BY 
 
 CHARLES HAINES KEENE, M.A. DUBL. 
 
 PROFESSOR OF GREEK, QUEEN'S COLLEGE, CORK 
 
 FOURTH EDITION 
 
 LONDON 
 
 GEORGE BELL & SONS, YORK-ST., COVENT GARDEN 
 
 CAMBRIDGE : DEIGHTON, BELL, & CO. 
 
 1898
 
 DUBLIN : 
 
 PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 BY PONSONBY AND WELDKICK.
 
 PA 
 
 I. Iff 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 [INTRODUCTION 7 
 
 TEXT : 
 
 CONTEST FOR THE ARMS OF ACHILLES . . 13 
 
 5 TRANSFORMATION OF HECUBA INTO A DOG . 28 
 \\V-~ 1 TRANSFORMATION OF THE ASHES OF MEMNON INTO 
 
 BIRDS 35 
 
 TRANSFORMATION OF THE DAUGHTERS OF ANIUS 
 
 INTO DOVES 36 
 
 TRANSFORMATION OF THE ASHES OF THE DAUGH- 
 TERS OF ORION INTO YOUNG MEN . . 38 
 
 TRANSFORMATION OF THE JUDGE, CRAGALEUS, 
 INTO STONE, AND OF THE SONS OF THE KING 
 
 OF THE MOLOSSI INTO BIRDS ... 40 
 
 TRANSFORMATION OF ACIS INTO A RIVER-GOD . 40 
 
 TRANSFORMATION OF GLAUCUS INTO A SEA-GOD 47 
 
 NOTES 51 
 
 INDEX 12? 
 
 1057651
 
 IN preparing a Second Edition, I have again had 
 the advantage of PROFESSOR PALMER'S kind assist- 
 ance. To both him and Mr. L. C. PURSER, Fellow 
 of Trinity College, who has made numerous cor- 
 rections and suggestions, I desire to express my 
 most cordial thanks. 
 
 A Table of Contents and an Index have been 
 added. 
 
 DUBLIN, January, 1888. 
 
 In the present (the Fourth) Edition, a considerable 
 amount of new matter has been introduced into the 
 Notes. This however, by means of some changes in 
 the arrangement, has been done without increasing 
 the bulk of the volume. 
 
 January, 1898.
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 PUBLIUS OVIDIUS NASO, born at Sulmo, B.C. 43, 
 died at Tomi, A.D. 17, was one of the most prolific 
 poets of his time. His works may be divided into 
 three periods. In the first he treated of love; in the 
 second he wrote on Greek mythology and Italian 
 legends; in the third he laments his sufferings at 
 Tomi, his place of exile on the Black Sea. The 
 Metamorphoses belong to the second period ; and, 
 besides their intrinsic merit, are interesting as being, 
 perhaps, the most complete system of Classical 
 Mythology which we possess. The work covers the 
 period from Chaos, when the earth was without 
 form and void (rudis indtgestaque moles, i. 7), to the 
 transformation of Julius Caesar into a star ; and the 
 several tales of which it is composed are most in- 
 geniously linked together, so as to form a connected 
 chronological series. The connexion between the 
 tales is, however, often exceedingly slight, and in 
 some cases (e. g. the Contest for the Arms of 
 Achilles) the episodes can hardly be properly said
 
 8 INTRODUCTION 
 
 to describe a transformation. The thread of con- 
 nexion in the present book is as follows : 
 
 The promise made by Ulysses during the contest 
 for the arms of Achilles leads to an account of that 
 hero's expedition to Lemnos to fetch Philoctetes 
 and his bow and arrows. As the Greeks start for 
 home after the capture of Troy, the grief of the 
 Trojan matrons, torn from their native land, serves 
 to introduce the account of the sufferings of Hecuba, 
 which culminate in her transformation into a dog. 
 Hecuba's grief for the loss of her children reminds 
 the poet of another mother, Aurora, who had to 
 mourn her son, Memnon, slain by the spear of 
 Achilles. The wanderings of Aeneas after the 
 destruction of Troy furnish an opportunity for 
 introducing various legends connected with the 
 places he visits, the narration of which closes the 
 thirteenth Book. 
 
 The subject-matter of the Metamorphoses had 
 been treated by Boeos (Botos) in his 'OpvifloAoyia, 
 and by the Alexandrine poet, Nicander, in his 
 'ErepoLovfjifva, as well as by Parthenius, Theodorus, 
 and Antigonus. We learn through Antoninus Libe-
 
 INTRODUCTION 9 
 
 ralis that, in part at least, Ovid followed Nicander 
 in his method of connecting together the several 
 legends. Ovid made much use of Homer and Euri- 
 pides (especially the Hecuba and Bacchae), and 
 probably also of the works of Aemilius Macer and 
 Hyginus. 
 
 It appears from Tristia, 1,7, 13, that the editing 
 of the Metamorphoses was interrupted by Ovid's 
 exile, and that he made an unsuccessful attempt to 
 destroy his work, which had not yet been subjected 
 to the ultima lima. 
 
 The Metamorphoses are in hexameter verse, being 
 the only work in which Ovid has used that metre, 
 except his treatise on the fish of the Black Sea, 
 called Halieutica. 
 
 The three following are the principal manuscripts 
 of the Metamorphoses : 
 
 M, in the Library of the Dominicans of St. Mark, 
 at Florence. End of eleventh century. 
 
 L, in the Laurentian Library at Florence. Eleventh 
 century. The most ancient in Italy. 
 
 E, in the Collegium Amplonianum at Erfurt. 
 Twelfth century.
 
 jo INTRODUCTION 
 
 M and L seem to be copied from the same origi- 
 nal. Merkel considers M the more trustworthy, as 
 the writer of L seems to have frequently introduced 
 marginal glosses into the text. E is a carefully 
 written MS., and free from the bold interpolations 
 of L. In some instances Merkel prefers it to M. 
 
 The text of the present edition is that of Moriz 
 Haupt, edited by Otto Korn, Berlin, 1881, with the 
 following points of difference : 
 
 Capitals instead of small letters are used at the beginning of 
 lines and sentences. 
 
 Lines 332, 379, 849, omitted by Haupt as spurious, are given 
 in brackets. 
 
 The brackets are removed from the passages 230, 295, 333 
 (mecumque reducers nitar), 404-407, 409-417, 461, which 
 are bracketed as doubtful by Haupt ; but the reasons for 
 regarding the readings with suspicion are given in the 
 several notes. 
 
 Line 51, Merkel' s una is given for ilia: 163, etia omitted : 
 189, Merkel' s Nunc is given for Hanc: 291, Merkel' s 
 norit for novit : 423, 549, and 556, Siebelis' Hecabe for 
 Hecuba: 460 and 461, Merkel'saw^for hand: 589,MerkePs 
 venio for vent : 693, Merkel' s hac for hanc: 694, Merkel' s 
 iliac, demisso per inertia vulnere tela for illam demissa per 
 fortia pectora tela : 884, MerkePs is molis for e saxo : 
 928, conlecto semine (see note) for conlectos sedula : 967, 
 Merkel' sfurens for deum.
 
 INTRO D UCT10N i \ 
 
 I have made use of the following editions : 
 
 Moriz Haupt, edited by Otto Kom, Berlin, 1881. 
 
 Gierig, edited by Jahn, Leipzig, 1823. 
 
 Merkel, Leipzig, 1880. 
 
 Siebelis, edited by Polle, Leipzig, 1878. 
 
 Zingerle, in the series edited by Kvicala and Schenkl, 
 
 Leipzig, 1884. 
 
 Bailey's translation of Minellius' edition, London, 1770. 
 Davidson's edition, London, 1 750. 
 
 The references to the Metamorphoses are in Ro- 
 man numerals, e. g. in note on line 7 the reference 
 xiv. 467 = Metamorphoses, Book 14, line 467. 
 
 My thanks are due to Professor PALMER for 
 reading a portion of the notes, and making many 
 valuable suggestions ; also to Professor MAGUIRE 
 for reading the proofs and suggesting several addi- 
 tions to the notes. 
 
 DUBLIN, September, 1884.
 
 Orba parente suo quicumque volumina tangis, 
 His saltern vestra detur in urbe locus ! 
 
 Quoque magis faveas, haec non sunt edita ab ipso, 
 Sed quasi de domini funere rapta sui. 
 
 Quicquid in his igitur vitii rude carmen habebit 
 Emendaturus, si licuisset, erat.
 
 P. OVIDII NASONIS 
 
 METAMORPHOSEON 
 
 LIBER TERTIUS DECIMUS 
 
 CONTEST between Ajax and Ulysses for the arms of Achilles. 
 The arms are awarded to Ulysses. Ajax, in a fit of indig- 
 nation, kills himself, and from his blood springs the hyacinth, 
 whose leaves are marked with the initials of the hero's name 
 (AI). 
 
 CONSEDERE duces et vulgi stante corona 
 Surgit ad hos clipei dominus septemplicis Aiax ; 
 Utque erat inpatiens irae, Sigei'a torvo 
 Litora respexit classemque in litore vultu, 
 Intendensque manus ' agimus, pro luppiter ! ' inquit 
 ' Ante rates causam, et mecum confertur Ulixes ! 
 At non Hectoreis dubitavit cedere flammis, 
 Quas ego sustinui, quas hac a classe fugavi. 
 Tutius est igitur fictis contendere verbis, 9 
 
 Quam pugnaremanu. Sed nee mihi dicere promptum,
 
 Nee facere est isti : quantumque ego Marte feroci 
 
 Inque acie valeo, tantum valet iste loquendo. 
 
 Nee memoranda tamen vobis mea facta, Pelasgi, 
 
 Essereor; vidistis enim. Sua narret Ulixes, 14 
 
 Quae sine teste gerit, quorum nox conscia sola est. 
 
 Praemia magna peti fateor : sed demit honorem 
 
 Aemulus : Aiaci non_.e J sXliiuisse superbum, 
 
 Sit licet hoc ingens, quicquid speravit Ulixes. 
 
 Iste tulit pretium iam nunc temptaminis huius, 
 
 Quo cum victus erit, mecum certasse feretur. 20 
 
 Atque ego, si virtus in me dubitabilis esset, 
 
 Nobilitate potens essem, Telamone creatus, 
 
 Moenia qui forti Troiana sub Hercule cepit, 
 
 Litoraque intravit Pagasaea Colcha carina. 
 
 Aeacus huic pater est, qui iura silentibus illic 25 
 
 Reddit, ubi Aeoliden saxum grave Sisyphon urguet. 
 
 Aeacon agnoscit summus prolemque fatetur 
 
 luppiter esse suam. Sic ab love tertius Aiax. 
 
 Nee tamen haec series in causam prosit, Achivi, w^** ***Y 
 
 Si mihi cum magno non est communis Achille. 30 
 
 Frater erat ; fraterna peto. Quid sanguine cretus 
 
 Sisyphio, furtisque et fraude simillimus illi 
 
 Inserit Aeacidis alienae nomina gentis ? 
 
 An quod in arma prior nulloque sub indice veni, 
 
 Arma neganda mihi ? Potiorque videbitur Hie, 35 
 
 Ultima qui cepit, detrectavitque furore 
 
 Militiam ficto, donee sollertior isto 
 
 Sed sibi inutilior timidi commenta retexit
 
 LIBER XIII. 15 
 
 Naupliades animi, vitataque traxit ad arma ? 
 Optima num sumat, quia sumere noluit ulla ? 40 
 Nos inhonorati et donis patruelibus orbi, 
 Obtulimus quia nos ad prima pericula, simus ? 
 Atque utinam aut verus furor ille, aut creditus esset, 
 Nee comes hie Phrygias umquam venisset ad arces 
 Hortator scelerum ! non te, Poeantia proles, 45 
 Expositum Lemnos nostro cum crimine haberet : 
 Qui nunc, ut memorant, silvestribus abditus antris 
 Saxa moves gemitu, Laertiadaeque precaris 
 Quae meruit, quae, si di sunt, non vana precaris.. t , 
 Et nunc ille eadem nobis iuratus in arma, 50 
 
 Heu ! pars una ducum, quo successore sagittae 
 Herculis utuntur, fractus morboque fameque 
 Velaturque aliturque avibus, volucresque petendo 
 Debita Troianis exercet spicula fatis. 
 Ille tamen vivit, quia non comitavit Ulixen. 55 
 
 Mallet et infelix Palamedes esse relictus, 
 (Viveret aut certe letum sine crimine haberet) 
 Quem male convicti nimium memor iste furoris 
 Prodere rem Danaam finxit, fictumque probavit 
 Crimen et ostendit, quod Jam praefoderat, aurum. 60 
 Ergo aut exilio vires subduxit Achivis, 
 Aut nece. Sic pugnat, sic est metuendus Ulixes. 
 Qui licet eloquio fidum quoque Nestora vincat, ^v 
 Haud tamen efficiet, desertum ut; Nestora crimen \ " 
 Esse rear nullum : qui cum inploraret Ulixen 65 
 Vulnere tardus equi fessusque senilibus annis,
 
 1 6 MET A MORPHOSEON 
 
 Proditus a socio est. Non haec mihi crimina fingi 
 Scit bene Tydides, qui nomine saepe vocatum d,^ 
 
 <6t*LCoiripmt, trepidoque fugam ejpxojjravjj amico. 4 
 
 Aspiciunt oculis super! mortalia iustis : 70 
 
 En eget auxilio, qui non tulit ; utque reliquit, (( 
 
 Sic linquendus erat : legem sibi dixerat ipse. 
 
 fa* Conclamat socios. Adsum, videoque trementem^.J^ 
 Pallentemque metu et trepidantem morte future. ^ 
 Opposui molem clipei texique iacentem, 75 
 
 Servavique animam minimum est hoc laudis 
 
 inertem. 
 
 Si perstas certare, locum redeamus in ilium . 
 Redde hostem vulnusque tuum solitumque timorem, 
 Post clipeumque late, et mecum contende sub illo. 
 At postquam eripui, cui standi vulnera vires 80 
 
 Non dederant, nullo tardatus vulnere fugit. 
 Hector adest, secumque deos in proelia ducit : 
 Quaque ruit, non tu tantum terreris, Ulixe, 
 Sed fortes etiam : tantum trahit ille timoris. /O^uw^ 
 Hunc ego sanguineae successu caedis ovantem 85 
 Eminus ingenti resupinum pondere fudi : < i j. 
 Hunc ego poscentem, cum quo concurreret, uiius 
 Sustinui : sortemque meam vovistis, Achivi, 
 Et vestrae valuere preces. Si quaeritis huius 
 Fortunam pugnae, non sum superatus ab illo. 90 
 Ecce ferunt Troes ferrumque ignemque lovemque 
 In Danaas classes. Ubi mine facundus Ulixes ? 
 Nempe ego mille meo protexi pectore puppes,
 
 LIBER XIII. 17 
 
 Spem vestri reditus. Date tot pro navibus arma. 
 Quod si vera licet mihi dicere, quaeritur istis, 95 
 Quam mihi, maior honos, coniunctaqiie gloria 
 
 nostra est, 
 
 Atque Aiax armis, non Aiaci arma petuntur. 
 Conferat his Ithacus Rhesum inbellemque Dolona 
 Priamidenque Helenum rapta cum Pallade captum.jir 
 Luce nihil gestum, nihil est Diomede remote. "loo 
 Si semel ista datis meritis tarn vilibus arma, 
 Dividite, et pars sit maior Diomedis in illis. 
 Quo tamen haec Ithaco ? qui clam, qui semper 
 
 inermis 
 
 Rem gerit et furtis incautum decipit hostem ? **~* Hl 
 Ipse nitor galeae claro radiantis ab auro 105 
 
 Insidias prodet manifestabitque latentem. 
 Sed neque Dulichius sub Achillis casside vertex 
 Pondera tanta feret, nee non onerosa gravisque 
 Pelias hasta potest inbellibus esse lacertis, 
 Nee clipeus vasti caelatus imagine mundi no 
 
 Conveniet timidae nataeque ad furta sinistrae. 
 Debilitaturum quid te petis, improbe, munus ? 
 Quod tibi si populi donaverit error Achivi, 
 Cur spolieris, erit, non cur metuaris ab hoste, 
 Et fuga, qua sola cunctos, timidissime, vincis, 115 
 Tarda futura tibi est gestamina tanta trahenti. 
 Adde quod iste tuus, tarn raro proelia passus, 
 Integer est clipeus : nostro, qui tela ferendo 
 Mille patet plagis, novus est successor habendus. 
 P
 
 1 8 METAMORPHOSEON 
 
 Denique, quid verbis opus est ? spectegm^aggndaJ 
 Arma viri fortis medios mittantur in hostes : 121 
 Inde iubete peti et referentem ornate relatis.' 
 Finierat Telamone satus ; vulgique secutum 
 Ultima murmur erat : donee Laertius heros 
 Adstitit, atque oculos paulum tellure moratos 125 
 Sustulit ad proceres, expectatoque resolvit 
 Ora sono ; neque abest facundis gratia dictis. 
 ' Si mea cum vestris valuissent vota, Pelasgi, 
 Non foret ambiguus tanti certaminis heres, 
 Tuque tuis armis, nos te poteTemu'r', * Achille. 130 
 Quern quoniam non aequa mihi vobisque negarunt 
 Fata,' manuque simul veluti lacrimantia tersit 
 Lumina ' quis magno melius succedat Achilli, 
 Quam per quern magnus Danais successit Achilles ? 
 Huic modo ne prosit, quod, uti est, hebes esse 
 videtur; 135 
 
 Neve mihi noceat, quod vobis semper, Achivi, 
 Profuit ingenium, meaque haec facundia, siqua est, 
 Qua^e* nunc pro dominoy x pro vbbis saepe locuta est, 
 
 ia careay IJonaTh ec sua quisque recuset. 
 
 'genus et proavos et quae non fecimus ipsi, 140 
 
 ea nostra voco. Sed enim quia rettulit Aiax 
 Esse lovis pronepos, nostri quoque sanguinis auctor 
 luppiter^st, totidemque gradus distamus ab illo. 
 Nam mihi Laertes pater est, Arcesius illi, 
 luppiter huic, neque in his quisquam damnatus et 
 exul. 145
 
 LIBER XIII. 19 
 
 Est quoque per matrem Cyllenius addita nobis 
 Altera nobilitas. Deus est in utroque parente. 
 Sed neque materno quod sum generosior ortu, 
 Nee mihi quod pater est fraterni sanguinis insons, 
 Proposita arma peto. Meritis expendite causam. 150 
 Dummodo quod fratres Telamon Peleusque fuerunt 
 Aiacis meritum non sit, nee sanguinis ordo, 
 Sed virtutis honor spoliis quaeratur in istis. 
 Aut si proximitas primusque requiritur heres, 
 Est genitor Peleus, est Pyrrhus films illi. 155 
 
 Quis locus Aiaci ? Phthiam haec Scyrumve ferantur. 
 Nee minus est isto Teucer patruelis Achilli. 
 Num petit ille tamen, num si petat, auferat ilia ? 
 Ergo operum quoniam nudum certamen habetur, 159 
 Plura quidem feci, quam quae comprendere dictis 
 In promptu mihi sit. Rerum tamen ordine ducar. 
 Praescia venturi genetrix Nere'ia leti 
 Dissimulat cultu natum. Deceperat omnes, 
 In quibus Aiacem, sumptae fallacia vestis. 
 Arma ego femineis animum motura virilem 
 Mercibus inserui. Neque adhuc proiecerat hei 
 Virgineos habitus, cum parmam hastamque ter 
 1 Nate dea,' dixi 'tibi se peritura reservant 
 Pergama. Quid dubitas ingentem evertere Troiam ? 
 Iniecique manum, fortemque ad fortia misi. 170 
 
 Ergo opera illius mea sunt. Ego Telephon hasta 
 Pugnantem domui, victum orantemque refeci. 
 Quod Thebae cecidere, meum est. Me crediteLesbon, 
 
 BZ
 
 20 METAMORPHOSEON 
 
 Me Tenedon Chrysenque et Cillan, Apollinis urbes, 
 Et Scyrum cepisse : mea concussa putate 175 
 
 Procubuisse solo Lyrnesia moenia dextra. 
 Utque alios taceam, qui saevum perdere posset 
 Hectora, nempe dedi : per me iacet inditus Hector. 
 Illis haec armis, quibus est inventus Achilles, 
 Arma peto : vivo dederam, post fata reposco. 180 
 Ut dolor unius Danaos pervenit ad omnes, 
 Aulidaque Euboicam complerunt mille carinae, 
 Expectata diu nulla aut contraria classi 
 Flamina erant, duraeque iubent Agamemnona sortes 
 Inmeritam saevae natam mactare Dianae. 185 
 
 Denegat hoc genitor, divisque irascitur ipsis, 
 Atque in rege tamen pater est. Ego mite parentis 
 Ingenium verbis ad publica commoda verti. 
 Nunc equidem fateor, fassoque ignoscat Atrides : 
 Difficilem tenui sub iniquo iudice causam. 190 
 
 Hunc tamen utilitas populi fraterque datique 
 Summa movet sceptri, laudem ut cum sanguine penset. 
 Mittor et ad matrem, quae non hortanda, sed astu 
 Decipienda fuit. Quo si Telamonius isset, 
 Orba suis essent etiam nunc lintea ventis. 195 
 
 Mittor et Iliacas audax orator ad arces, 
 Visaque et intrata est altae mihi curia Troiae : 
 Plenaque adhuc erat ilia viris. Interritus egi 
 Quam mihi mandarat communem Graecia causam, 
 Accusoque Parin praedamque Helenamque re- 
 posco, zoo
 
 LIBER XIII. i\ 
 
 Et moveo Priamum Priamoque Antenora iunctum. x 
 At Paris et fratres et qui rapuere sub illo, 
 Vix tenuere manus scis hoc, Menelae ! nefanda^ : 
 Primaque lux nostri tecum fuit ilia jjericli. < $*~*^ 
 Longa referre mora est. quae consilioque manuque 
 Utiliter feci spatiosi tempore belli. -W-M *+&*iha(> 
 Post acies primas urbis se moenibus hostes 
 Continuere diu, nee aperti copia Martis 
 Ulla fuit : decimo demuin pugnavimus anno. 
 Quid facis interea, qui nil, nisi proelia, nosti ? 210 
 Quis tuus usus erat ? nam si mea facta requiris, 
 Hostibus insidior, fossas munimine cingo, 
 Consolor socios, ut longi taedia belli 
 Mente ferant placida : doceo, QUO simuij alendi 
 Armandique inodo ; mittor, quo postulat usus. 215 
 Ecce lovis monitu, deceptus imagine somni, 
 /Rex iubet incepti curam dimittere belli. 
 Ille potest auctore guana defendere vocem. /~*f v<n 
 Non sinat hoc Aiax, delendaque Pergama poscat, 219 
 Quodque potest, pugnet. Cur non remoratur ituros? 
 Cur non arrna capit, dat, quod vaga turba sequatur ': 
 Non erat hoc nimium numquana nisi magna loquenti. 
 Quid quod et ipse fugit? vidi, puduitque videre, 
 Cum tu terga dares inhonestaque vela parares. 
 Nee mora, 'quid facitis? quae vos dementia' dixi 
 'Concitat, o socii, captain dimittere Troiam? 226 
 Quidve domum fertis decimo, nisi dedecus, anno?' 
 Talibus atque aliis, in quae dolor ipse disertum
 
 22 METAMORPHOSEON 
 
 Fecerat, aversos profuga de classe reduxi. 
 Convocat Atrides socios terrore paventes : 230 
 
 Nee Telamoniades etiam nunc hiscere quicquam :& 
 Audet. At ausus erat reges incessere dictis 
 Thersites, etiam per me baud impune, pjotervis. 
 Erigcir, et trepidos cives exhortor in hostem, 
 Amissamque mea virtutem voce repono. 235 
 
 Tempore ab hoc, quodcumque potest fecisse videri 
 Fortiter iste, meum est, qui dantem terga retraxi. 
 Denique de Danais quis te laudatve petitve ? 
 At sua Tydides mecum communicat acta, 
 Me probat et socip semper confidit Ulixe. 240 
 
 Est aliquid, de tot Graiorum milibus unum 
 A Diomede legi : nee me sors ire iubebat. 
 Sum tamen et spreto noctisque hostisque periclo 
 Ausus et ausum eadem, Phrygia de gente Dolona 
 Interimo : non ante tamen, quam cuncta coegi 245 
 Prodere, et edidici, quid perfida Troia pararet. 
 Omnia cognoram, nee, quod specularer, habebam, 
 Et iam promissa poteram cum laude reverti. 
 Hand contentus eo petii tentoria Rhesi, 
 Inque suis ipsum castris comitesque peremi;-*-' 250 
 Atque ita captivo victor votisque potitus 
 Ingredior curru laetos imitante triumphos. 
 Cuius equos pretium pro nocte poposcerat hostis, 
 Arma negate mihi, fueritque benignior Aiax ! KWAA^ 
 Quid Lycii referam Sarpedonis agmina ferro 255 
 Devastata meo ? cum multo sanguine fudi
 
 LIBER XIII. 23 
 
 Coeranon Iphitiden et Alastoraque Chromiumque 
 Alcandrumque Haliumque Noemonaque Prytanimque, 
 Exitioque dedi cum Chersidamante Thoona 259 
 Et Charopem, fatisque inmitibus Ennomon actum, 
 Quique minus celebres nostra sub moenibus urbis 
 Procubuere manu. Sunt et mihi vulnera, cives, 
 Ipso pulchra loco : nee vanis credite verbis : 
 Aspicite en!' vestemque manu diduxit et ' haec sunt 
 Pectora semper' ait 'vestris exercita rebus. 265 
 
 At nil inpendit per tot Telamonius annos 
 
 r> Sangninis in socios, et habet sine vulnere corpus. 
 Quid tamen hoc fefert, si se pro classe Pelasga 
 Anna tulissejrefert contra Troasque lovemque ? 
 
 _ Confiteorque, tulit : neque enim benefacta maligne &T 
 Detractare meum est. Sed ne communia solus 271 
 Occupet, atque aliquem vobis quoque reddat hono- 
 
 rem. 
 
 Reppulit Actorides subjmagiae, tutus Achillis < 
 Troas ab arsuris cum defensore carinis. J^ 
 Ausum etiam Hectoreis solum concurrere telis 275 
 Se putat, oblitus regisque ducumque meique, 
 Nonus in officio, et praelatus munere sortis. 
 Sed tamen eventus vestrae, fortissime, pugnae 
 Quis fuit? Hector abit violatus vulnere nullo. 
 Me miserum, quanto cogor meminisse dolore 280 
 Temporis illius, quo Graium murus, Achilles 
 Procubuit! nee me lacrimae luctusve timorve 
 Tardarunt, quin corpus hunio sublime referrem.
 
 24 METAMORPHOSEON 
 
 His umeris, his, inquam, umeris ego corpus Achillis, 
 Et simul arma tuli : quae nunc quoque ferre 
 
 laboro. 285 
 
 Sunt mihi, quae valeant in talia pondera, vires, 
 Est animus certe vestros sensurus honores. 
 Scilicet idcirco pro nato caerula mater 
 Ambitiosa suo fuit, ut caelestia dona, 
 Artis opus tantae, rudis et sine pectore miles 290 
 Indueret? neque enim clipei caelamina norit, 
 Oceanum et terras cumque alto sidera caelo, 
 Plei'adasque Hyadasque inmunemque aequoris 
 
 Arcton 
 
 Diversasque urbes nitidumque Orionis ensem. 
 Postulat, ut capiat, quae non intellegit, arma. 295 
 Quid quod me duri fugientem munera belli 
 Arguit incepto serum accessisse labori, 
 Nee se magnanimo maledicere sentit Achilli? 
 
 /CT". , . . j r , 
 
 Si simulasse vocas cnmen, simulavimus ambo. 
 Si mora pro culpa est, ego sum maturior illo. 300 
 Me pia detinuit coniunx, pia mater Achillem ; 
 Primaque sunt illis data tempora, cetera vobis. 
 Haud timeo, si iam nequeam defendere, crimen 
 Cum tanto commune viro. Deprensus Ulixis 
 Ingenio tamen ille : at non Aiacis Ulixes. 305 
 
 Neve in me stolidae convicia fundere linguae 
 Admiremur eum, vobis quoque digna pudore 
 Obicit. An falso Palameden crimine turpe 
 Accusasse mihi, vobis damnasse decorum est ?
 
 LIBER XIII. 25 
 
 Sed neque Naupliades facinus defendere tantum 310 
 Tamque patens valuit, nee vos audistis in illo 
 Crimina : vidistis, praestoque obiecta patebant. 
 Nee Poeantiaden quod habet Vulcania Lemnos, 
 Esse reus merui. Factum defendite vestrum ; 
 Consensistis enim. Nee me suasisse negabo, 315 
 Ut se subtraheret bellique viaeque labori, 
 Temptaretque feros requie finire dolores. 
 Paruit, et vivit. Non haec sententia tantum 
 Fida, sed et felix ; cum sit satis, esse fidelem. 
 Quern quoniam vates delenda ad Pergama poscunt, 
 Ne mandate mihi : melius Telamonius ibit, 3zi 
 
 Eloquioque virum morbis iraque furentem 
 Molliet, aut aliqua producet callidus arte. 
 Ante retro Simois fluet et sine frondibus Ide 
 Stabit, et auxilium promittet Achaia Troiae, 325 
 Quam, cessante meo pro vestris pectore rebus, 
 Aiacis stolidi Danais sollertia prosit. -: ' . 
 Sis licet Infers sor.iis regique mihique, . 
 
 Dure Philoctete ; licet exsecrerg, meumque ^ '" 
 Devoveas sine fine caput, cupiasque dolenti 330 
 Me tibi forte dari, nostrumque haurire cruorem : 
 [Utque tui mihi, sic fiat tibi copia nostri.] 
 Te tamen adgrediar, mecumque reducere nitar : 
 Tamque tuis potiar, faveat Fortuna, sagittis, 
 Quam sum Dardanio, quern cepi, vate potitus ; 335 
 Quam responsa deum Troianaque fata retexi ; 
 Quam rapui Phrygiae signum penetrale Minervae
 
 26 METAMORPHOSEON 
 
 Hostibus e mediis. Et se mihi conferat Aiax ? 
 Nempe capi Troiam prohibebant fata sine illo. 
 Fortis ubi est Aiax ? ubi sunt ingentia magni 340 
 Verba viri ? cur hie metuis ? cur audet Ulixes 
 Ire per excubias et se committere nocti, 
 Perque feros enses non tantum moenia Troum, 
 Verum etiam summas arces intrare suaque 344 
 
 Eripere aede deam, raptamque adferre per hostes ? 
 nisi fecissem, frustra Telamone creatus 
 
 Gestasset laeva taurorum tergora septem. 
 
 Ilia nocte mihi Troiae victoria parta est : (X-6# 
 
 Pergama tune vici, cum vinci posse coegi. 
 Desine Tydiden vultuque et murmure nobis 350 
 Ostentare meum. Pars est sua laudis in illo. 
 Nee tu, cum socia clipeum pro classe tenebas, 
 Solus eras. Tibi turba comes, mihi contigit unus. 
 Qui nisi pugnacem sciret sapiente minorem 
 Esse, nee indomitae deberi praemia dextrae, 355 
 Ipse quoque haec peteret. Peteret moderatior Aiax 
 Eurypylusque ferox claroque Andraemone natus ; 
 Nee minus Idomeneus patriaque creatus eadem 
 Meriones ; peteret maioris frater Atridae : 359 
 
 Quippe manu fortes nee sunt mihi Marte secundi, 
 Consiliis cessere meis. Tibi dextera bello 
 Utilis ; ingenium est, quod eget moderamine nostro. 
 Tu vires sine mente geris : mihi cura futuri. 
 Tu pugnare potes : pugnandi tempora mecum 
 Eligit Atrides. Tu tantum corpore prodes, 365
 
 LIBER XIII. 27 
 
 Nos animo. Quantoque ratem qui temperat, anteit 
 
 Remigis officium, quanto dux milite maior, 
 
 Tantum ego te supero. Nee non in corpore nostro 
 
 Pectora sunt potiora manu ; vigor omnis in illis. 
 
 At vos, o proceres, vigili date praemia vestro ; 370 
 
 Proque tot annorum cura, quibus anxius egi, 
 
 Hunc titulum mentis pensandum reddite nostris. 
 
 lam labor in fine est, obstantia fata removi, 
 
 Altaque posse capi faciendo Pergama, cepi. 
 
 Per spes nunc socias casuraque moenia Troum, 375 
 
 Perque deos oro, quos hosti nuper ademi, 
 
 Per siquid superest, quod sit sapienter agendum, 
 
 Siquid adhuc udax ex praecipitique petendum est, \r^ 
 
 [Si Troiae fatis aliquid restare putatis,] 
 
 Este mei memores ! aut si mihi non datis arma, 380 
 
 Huic date ! ' et ostendit signum fatale Minervae. 
 
 Mota manus procerum est, et quid facundia 
 
 posset, 
 
 Re patuit ; fortisque viri tulit arma disertus. 
 Hectora qui solus, qui ferrum ignesque lovemque 
 Sustinuit totiens, unam non sustinet iram : 385 
 
 Invictumque virum vincit dolor. Arripit ensem, 
 Et 'meus hie certe est. An et hunc sibi poscit 
 
 Ulixes ? 
 
 Hoc ' ait ' utendum est in me mihi : quique cruore 
 Saepe Phrygum maduit, domini nunc caede madebit, 
 Ne quisquam Aiacem possit superare nisi Aiax.' 390 
 Dixit, et in pectus turn demum vulnera passum,
 
 28 METAMORPffOSEON 
 
 Qua patuit ferrum, letalem condidit ensem. 
 Nee valuere manus infixum educere telum : 
 Expulit ipse cruor ; rubefactaque sanguine tellus 
 Purpureum viridi genuit de caespite florem, 395 
 
 Qui prius Oebalio fuerat de vulnere natus. 
 Littera communis mediis pueroque viroque 
 Inscripta est foliis, haec nominis, ilia querellae. \^ 
 
 Transformation of Hecuba into a dog. 
 
 ^VICTOR ad Hypsipyles patriam clarique Thoantis 
 Et veterum terras infames caede virorum 400 
 
 Vela dat, ut referat Tirynthia tela, sagittas. 
 Quae postquam ad Graios, domino comitante, 
 
 revexit, 
 
 Inposita est sero tandem manus ultima bello. 
 I roia simul Priamusque cadunt : Priamei'a coniunx 
 Perdidit infelix hominis post omnia formam, 405 
 Externasque novo latratu terruit oras, 
 Longus in^nguslurn^qua clauditur Hellespontus. 
 Ilion ardebat, neque adhuc consederat ignis, 
 Exiguumque senis Priami lovis ara cruorem 
 Conbiberat. Tractata comis antistita Phoebi 410 
 Non profecturas tendebat ad aethera palmas. 
 Dardanidas matres patriorum signa deorum, 
 Dum licet, amplexas, succensaque templa tenentes 
 Invidiosa trahunt victores praemia Grai. 
 Mittitur Astyanax illis de turribus, unde 415 
 
 Pugnantem pro se proavitaque regna tuentem
 
 LIBER XIII. 29 
 
 Saepe videre patrem monstratum a matre solebat. 
 lamque viam suadet boreas, flatuque secundo 
 Carbasa mota sonant ; iubet uti navita ventis. 
 ' Troia, vale ! rapimur ' clamant, dant oscula terrae 
 Troades, et patriae fumantia tecta relinquunt. 421 
 Ultima conscendit classem, miserabile visu, 
 In mediis Hecabe natorum inventa sepulchris : 
 Prensantem tumulos atque ossibus oscula dantem 
 Dulichiae traxere manus. Tamen unius hausit, 425 
 Inque sinu cineres secum tulit Hectoris haustos: 
 Hectoris in tumulo canum de vertice crinem, 
 Inferias inopes, crinem lacrimasque reliquit. 
 
 Est, ubi Troia fuit, Phrygiae contraria tellus 
 Bistoniis habitata viris. Polymestoris illic 430 
 
 Regia dives erat, cui te commisit alendum 
 Clam, Polydore, pater, Phrygiisque removit ab armis ; 
 Consilium sapiens, sceleris nisi praemia magnas 
 Adiecisset opes, animi inritamen avari. " (*A> 
 
 Ut cecidit fortuna Phrygum, capit impius ensem 435 
 Rex Thracum, iuguloque sui demisit alumni ; 
 Et tamquam tolli cum corpore crimina possent, 
 Exanimem scopulo subiectas misit in undas. 
 Litore Threi'cio classem religarat Atrides, &j_ ^^ru^n 
 Dum mare pacatum, dum ventus amicior esset. 440 
 / Hie subito, quantus cum viveret esse solebat, 
 / Exit humo late rupta, similisque minanti 
 \ Temporis illius vultum referebat Achilles, 
 Quo ferus iniusto petiit Agamemnona ferro ;
 
 30 METAMORPHOSEON 
 
 'Inmemores' que 'mei disceditis' inquit ' Achivi ? 445 
 Obrutaque est mecum virtutis gratia nostrae ? 
 
 facite ! utque meum non sit sine honore sepul- 
 chrum, 
 
 Placet Achilleos mactata Polyxena manes.' 
 Dixit : et, inmiti sociis parentibus umbrae, 
 Rapta sinu matris, quam iam prope sola fovebat, 450 
 Fortis et infelix et plus quam femina virgo 
 Ducitur ad tumulum diroque fit hostia busto. 
 "*3 Quae memor ipsa suj, postquam crudelibus aris 
 Admota est sensitque sibi fera sacra parari, 
 Utque Neoptolemum stantem ferrumque tenentem 
 Inque suo vidit figentem lumina vultu, 456 
 
 ' Utere iamdudum generoso sanguine ! ' dixit, 
 ' Nulla mora est. Qum tu iugulo vel pectore telum 
 Conde meo ! ' iugulumque simul pectusque retexit. 
 ' Scilicet aut ulli servire Polyxena vellem ? 460 
 
 Aut per tale sacrum numen placabitis ullum ? 
 Mors tantum vellem matrem mea fall ere posset. 
 * "*** Mater obest, minuitque necis mihi gaudia : quamvis 
 Non mea mors illi, verum sua vita tremenda est. 
 Vos modo, ne Stygios adeam non libera manes, 465 
 Este procul, si iusta peto, tactuque viriles 
 Virgineo removete manus. Acceptior illi, <*^<**< 
 Quisquis is est, quern caede mea placare paratis, 
 Liber erit sanguis. Siquos tamen ultima nostri 
 Verba movent oris, Priami vos filia regis 470 
 
 Non captiva rogat, genetrici corpus inemptum ~~^
 
 LIBER XIII. 
 
 Reddite ; neve auro redimat ius triste sepulchri, 
 Sed lacrimis. Tune, cum joterat, redimebat et auro.' 
 Dixerat. At populus lacrimas, quas ilia tenebat, 
 
 '* Non tenet, Ipse etiam flens invitusque sacerdos 475 
 Praebita coniecto rupit praecordia ferro. 
 Ilia, super terram defecto poplite labens, I^K. t***^<* 
 Pertulit intrepidos ad fata novissima vultus. 
 Tune quoque cura fuit partes velare tegendas, 
 Cum caderet, castique decus servare pudoris. 480 
 
 ", Troades excipiunt, deploratosque recensent 
 ' Priamidas, et quod dederit domus una crnoris ; 
 Teque gemunt, virgo, teque, o modo regia coniunx, 
 Regia dicta pareps, Asiae florentis imago, 
 Nunc etam pfae^ae malajsors, quamfvictdr Ulfxes 485 
 Esse suam nollet, nisi quod tamen Hectora partu 
 Edideras. Dominum matri vix repperit Hector. 
 Quae corpus complexa animae tarn fortis inane, 
 Quas totiens patriae dederat, natisque, viroque, 489 
 Huic quoque dat lacrimas. Lacrimas in vulnera fundit, 
 Osculaque ore tegit, consuetaque pectora plangit, 
 Canitiemque suam concrete in sanguine verrens 
 Plura quidem, sed et haec laniato pectore dixit : .. 
 ' Nata, tuae quid enim superest ? dolor ultime 
 
 matri, 
 
 Nata, iaces ; videoque tuum, mea vulnera, vulnus. 495 
 Et ne perdiderim quemquam sine caede meorum, 
 Tu quoque vulnus habes. At te, quia femina, rebar 
 A ferro tutam. Cecidisti et femina ferro :
 
 32 METAMORPHOSEON 
 
 Totque tuos idem fratres, te perdidit idem, 
 Exitium Troiae nostrique orbator, Achilles. 500 
 At postquam cecidit Paridis Phoebique sagittis, 
 Nunc certe, dixi, non est metuendus Achilles. 
 Nunc quoque mi metuendus erat. Cinis ipse sepulti 
 a. In genus hoc saevit : tumulo quoque sensimus hos- 
 
 tem: 
 
 Aeacidae fecunda fui. lacet Ilion ingens, 505 
 
 Eventuque gravi finita est publica clades, 
 Sed finita tamen : soli mihi Pergama restant, 
 In cursuque meus dolor est. Modo maxima rerum, 
 " Tot generis natisque potens nuribusque viroque, 
 Nunc trahor exul, inops, tumulis avulsa meorum, 510 
 Penelopae munus. Quae me data pensa trahentem 
 Matribus ostendens Ithacis ' haec Hectoris ilia est 
 Clara parens, haec est ' dicet ' Priamei'a coniunx.' 
 yJ>c^Postque tot amissos tu nunc, quae sola levabas 
 <lJfou.Maternos luctus, hostilia busta piasti. 515 
 
 Inferias hosti peperi. Quo ferrea resto ? 
 Quidve moror ? Quo me servas, annosa senectus ? 
 Quo, di crudeles, msi quo nova funera cernam, 
 Vivacem differtis anum ? Quis posse putaret 
 Felicem Priamum post diruta Pergama dici ? 520 
 Felix morte sua est. Nee te, mea nata, peremptam 
 Aspicit, et vitam pariter regnumque reliquit. 
 At, puto, funeribus dotabere, regia virgo, 
 Condeturque tuum monumentis corpus avitis. 
 Non haec est fortuna domus. Tibi munera matris 525
 
 LIBER XHL 33 
 
 Contingent fletus peregrinaeque haustus harenae. 
 Omnia perdidimus : superest, cur vivere tempus 
 In breve sustineam, proles gratissima matri, 
 Nunc solus, quondam minimus de stirpe virili, 
 Has datus Ismariq regi Polydorus in oras. 530 
 
 Quid moror interea crudelia vulnera lymphis 
 Abluere et sparsos inmiti sanguine vultus ?' 
 Dixit, et ad litus passu processit anili, 
 Albentes lacerata comas. ' Date, Troades, urnam ' 
 Dixerat infelix, liquidas hauriret ut undas : 535 
 
 Aspicit eiectum Polydori in litore corpus, 
 Factaque Threi'ciis ingentia vulnera telis. 
 Troades exclamant. Obmutuit ilia dolore, 
 Et pariter voces lacrimasque introrsus obortas 
 Devorat ipse dolor : duroque simillima saxo 540 
 Torpet, et adversa figit modo lumina terra, 
 Interdum torvos sustollit ad aethera vultus, 
 Nunc positi spectat vultum, nunc vulnera nati, 
 Vulnera praecipue ; seque armat et instruit ira. 
 Qua simul exarsit, tamquam regina maneret, 545 
 IJlcisci statuit poenaeque in imagine tota esL 
 Utque furit catulo lactente orbata leaena, 
 Signaque nacta pedum sequitur, quem non videt, 
 
 hostern, 
 
 Sic Hecate, postquam cum luctumlscuttiram, 
 Non obttta animorum, annorum oblita suorum, 550 
 Vadit ad artificem dirae, Polymestora, caedis, 
 Conloquiumque petit : nam se monstrare relictum 
 c
 
 34 METAMORPHOSEON 
 
 Velle latens illi, quod nato redderet, aurum. 
 Credidit Odrysius, praedaeque adsuetus amore. 
 In secreta venit. Turn blando callidus ore 555 
 
 'Tolle moras, Hecabe,' dixit 'da munera nato. 
 Omne fore illius quod das, quod et ante dedisti, 
 Per superos iuro.' Spectat truculenta loquentem 
 Falsaque iurantem, tumidaque exaestuat ira, 
 Atque ita correpto captivarum agmina matrum 560 
 Invocat, et digitos in perfida lumina condit, 
 Expellitque genis oculos, facit ira valentem 
 Inmergitque manus, foedataque sanguine sonti 
 Non lumen, neque enim superest loca luminis 
 
 haurit. 
 
 Clade sui Thracum gens inritata tyranni 565 
 
 Troada telorum lapidumque incessere iactu 
 Coepit. At haec missum rauco cum murmure 
 
 saxum 
 
 Morsibus insequitur, rictuque in verba parato 
 Latravit, conata loqui. Locus extat et ex re 569 
 Nomen habet ; veterumque diu memor ilia malorum 
 Turn quoque Sithotnos ululavit maesta per agros. 
 Illius Troasque suos hostesque Pelasgos, 
 Illius fortuna deos quoque moverat omnes ; 
 Sic omnes, ut et ipsa lovis coniunxque sororque 
 Eventus Hecubam meruisse negaverit illos. 575
 
 LIBER XIII. 35 
 
 Transformation of the ashes of Memnon into birds 
 (Memnonides). 
 
 - Non vacat Aurorae, quamquam isdem faverat armis, 
 Cladibus et casu Troiaeque Hecubaeque mpveijL 
 Cura deam propior luctusque domesticus angit A- 
 Memnonis amissi, Phrygiis quem lutea campis 
 Vidit Achillea pereuntem cuspide mater; 580 
 
 Vidit, et ille color, quo matutina rubescunt 
 Tempora, palluerat, latuitque in nubibus aether. 
 At non inpositos supremis ignibus artus 
 Sustinuit spectare parens, sed crine soluto, 
 
 flMMMHMMMMBMMnWBMHMMriMa^BMMV 
 
 Sicut erat, magni genibus procumbere non est 585 
 Dedignata lovis, lacrimisque has addere voces : 
 'Omnibus inferior, quas sustinet aureus aether, 
 Nam mihi sunt totum rarissima templa per orbem 
 Diva tamen venio : non ut delubra diesque 
 Des mihi sacrifices caliturasque ignibus aras. 590 
 Si tamen aspicias, quantum tibi femina praestem 
 Turn cum luce nova noctis confinia servo, 
 Praemia danda putes. Sed non ea cura neque hie est 
 Nunc status Aurorae, meritos ut poscat honores._ 
 Memnonis orba mei venio, qui fortia frustra 595 
 Pro patruo tulit arma suo, primisque sub annis u- 
 OccYdit a forti sic vos voluistis Achille. 
 Da, precor, huic aliquem, solacia mortis, honorem 
 Summe deum rector, maternaque vulnera leni.' 
 luppiter adnuerat, cum Memnonis arduus alto 600 
 
 C 2
 
 36 METAMORPHOSEON 
 
 Corruit igne rogus, nigrique volumina fumi 
 Infecere diem, veluti cum flumina natas 
 Exhalant nebulas, nee sol admittitur infra. 
 Atra favilla volat, glomerataque corpus in unum 
 Densetur, faciemque capit, sumitque calorem 605 
 Atque animam ex igni ; levitas sua praebuit'alas : ; 
 Et primo similis volucri, mox vera volucris 
 Insonuit pennis ; pariter sonuere sorores 
 Innumerae, quibus est eadem natalis origo. 
 Terque rogum lustrant, et consonus exit in auras 610 
 Ter clangor : quarto seducunt castra volatu : 
 Turn duo diversa populi de parte feroces 
 Bella gerunt, rostrisque et aduncis unguibus iras 
 Exercent alasque adversaque pectora lassarit ; 
 Inferiaeque cadunt cineri cognata sepulto 615 
 
 Corpora, seque viro forti meminere creatas. 
 Praepetibus subitis nomen facit auctor. Ab illo 
 Memnonides dictae, qum sol .duodena peregit 
 Signa, parental! moriturae more rebellant. 
 Ergo aliis latrasse Dymantida flebile visum ; ^, 620 
 Luctibus est Aurora suis intenta, piasque ^w****^ 
 Nunc quoque dat lacrimas et toto rorat in orbe. 
 
 Transformation of the daughters of Anius into doves. 
 
 Non tamen eversam Troiae cum moenibus esse 
 Spem quoque fata sinunt. Sacra et, sacra altera, 
 
 patrem 
 Pert umeris, venerabile onus, Cytherei'us heros. 625
 
 LIBER XIII. 37 
 
 De tantis opibus praedam pius eligit illam 
 Ascaniumque suum, profugaque per aequora classe 
 Fertur ab Antandro, scelerataque limina Thracum 
 Et Polydoreo manantem sanguine terrain 
 Linquit, et utilibus ventis aestuque secundo 630 
 Intrat Apollineam sociis comitantibus urbem. 
 Hunc Anius, quo rege homines, antistite Phoebus 
 Rite colebatur, temploque domdque recepit ; 
 Urbemque ostendit delubraque nota duasque 
 Latona quondam stirpes pariente retentas. 635 
 
 Ture date flammis vinoque in tura profuso 
 Caesarumque bourn fibris de more crematis 
 Regia tecta petunt, positisque tapetibus altis 
 Munera cum liquido capiunt Cerealia Baccho. 
 Turn pius Anchises: 'o Phoebi lecte sacerdos, 640 
 Fallor, an et natum, cum primum haec moenia vidi, 
 Bisque duas natas, quantum reminiscor, habebas?' 
 Huic Anius niveis circumdata tempora vittis 
 Concutiens et tristis ait : ' non falleris, heros 
 
 \ 
 
 Maxime : vidisti natorum quinque parentem, 645 
 Quern nunc tanta homines rerum inconstantia 
 
 versat 
 
 Pacne vides orbum Quod enim mihi filius absens 
 Auxilium, quern dicta suo de nomine tellus 
 Andros habet, pro patre locumque et regna tenentem ? 
 Delius augurium dedit huic. Dedit altera Liber 650 
 Femineae stirpi voto maiora fideque 
 Munera. Nam tactu natarum cuncta mearum
 
 38 METAMORPHOSEON 
 
 In segetem, laticemque meri, canaeque Minervae 
 Transforrq^bantur, divesque erat usus in illis. 
 Hoc ubi cognovit Troiae populator Atrides, 655 
 Ne non ex aliqua vestram sensisse procellam 
 Nos quoque parte putes, armorum viribus usus 
 Abstrahit invitas gremio genitoris, alantque 
 Imperat Argolicam caelesti munere classem. 
 Effugiunt quo quaeque potest : Euboea duabus, 660 
 Et totidem natis Andros fraterna petita est. 
 Miles adest et, ni dedantur, bella minatur. 
 Victa metu pietas consortia corpora poenae 
 Dedidit ; et timido possis ignoscere fratri. 
 Non hie Aeneas, non, qui defenderet Andron, 665 
 Hector erat, per quern decimum durastis in annum, 
 lamque parabantur captivis vincla lacertis : 
 Illae tollentes etiamnum libera caelo 
 Bracchia ' Bacche pater, fer opem ! ' dixere Tulitque 
 Muneris auctor opem : si miro perdere more 670 
 Ferre vocatur opem Nee qua ratione figuram 
 Perdiderint, potui scire aut nunc dicere possum. 
 Summa mali nota est: pennas sumpsere tuaeque^' 
 
 Coniugis in volucres, niveas abiere columbas.'^' 
 
 X 
 
 Transformation of the ashes of the daughters of Orion into 
 young men, represented in bas-relief on a goblet. 
 
 Talibus atque aliis postquam convivia dictis 675 
 Inplerunt, mensa somnum petiere remota. 
 Cumque die surgunt, adeuntque oracula Phoebi :
 
 LIBER XIII. 39 
 
 Qui petere antiquam matrem cpgnataque iussit 
 
 Litora. Prosequitur rex, et dat munus ituris, 
 
 Anchisae sceptrum, chlamydem pharetramque nepoti. 
 
 Crateram Aeneae, quam quondam transtulit illi 68 1 
 
 Hospes ab Aoniis Therses Ismenius oris. 
 
 Miserat hanc illi Therses, fabricaverat Alcon 
 
 Hyleus, et longo caelaverat argumento.y 
 
 Urbs erat, et septem posses ostendere portas: 685 
 
 Hae pro nomine erant, et quae foret ilia, docebant. 
 
 Ante urbem exequiae tumulique ignesque rogique 
 
 Effusa'eque comas et apertae pectora matres 
 
 Significant luctum. Nymphae qnoque flere videntur, 
 
 Siccatosque queri fontes : sine frondibus arbor 690 
 
 Nuda riget : rodunt arentia saxa capellae. . 
 
 Ecce facit mediis natas Orione Thebis, 
 
 Hac, non femineum iugulo dare vulnus aperto, 
 
 Iliac, demisso per inertia vulnere tola 
 
 Pro populo cecidisse suo pulchrisque per urbem 695 
 
 Funeribus ferri celebrique in parte cremari ; 
 
 Turn, de virginea geminos exire favilla, 
 
 Ne genus intereat, iuvenes, quos fama Coronas 
 
 Nominat, et cineri materno ducere pompam. 
 
 Hactenus antiquo signis fulgentibus acre, 700 
 
 Summus inaurato crater crat asper acantho. 
 
 Nee leviora datis Troiani dona remittunt, 
 
 Dantque sacerdoti custodem turis acerram 
 
 Dant pateram claramque auro gemmisque coronam.
 
 40 METAMORPHOSEON 
 
 Transformation of the judge, Cragaleus, into stone, and of the 
 sons of the King of the Molossi into birds. 
 
 Inde recordati Teucros a sanguine Teucri 705 
 Ducere principium, Cretam tenuere : locique 
 Ferre diu nequiere lovem, centumque relictis 
 Urbibus Ausonios optant contingere portus. 
 Saevit hiems, iactatque viros ; Strophadumque 
 
 receptos 
 
 Portubus infidis exterruit ales Aello. 710 
 
 Et iam Dulichios portus Ithacamque Samonque 
 Neritiasque domus, regnum fallacis Ulixis. 
 Praeter erantjjecti : certatam lite deorum 
 Ambraciam, versique vident sub imagine saxum 
 ludicis, Actiaco quae nunc ab Apolline nota est, 715 
 Vocalemque sua terram Dodonida quercu, 
 Chaoniosque sinus, ubi nati rege Molosso 
 Inrita subiectis fugcre incendia pennis. ... 
 
 Transformation of Acis into a river-god. 
 
 Proxima Phaeacum felicibus obsita pomis 
 Rura petunt. Epiros ab his regnataque vati 720 
 Buthrotos Phrygio simulataque Troia tenetur. 
 Inde futurorum certi, quae cuncta fideli 
 Priamides Helenus monitu praedixerat, intrant 723 
 Sicaniam. Tribus haec excurrit in aequora pinnis, 
 E quibus imbriferos est versa Pachynos ad austros ; 
 Mollibus expositum zephyris Lilybaeon ; at Arctos 
 Aequoris expertes spectat boreamque Peloros. 
 Hac subeunt Teucri, et remis aestuque secundo
 
 LIBER XIIL 41 
 
 Sub noctem potitur Zanclaea classis harena. 729 
 
 Scylla latus dextrum, laevum inrequieta Charybdis 
 
 Infestat. Vorat haec raptas revomitque carinas, 
 
 Ilia feris atram canibus succingitur alvum, 
 
 Virginis ora gerens, et, si non omnia vates t~* fe 
 
 Ficta reliquerunt, aliquo quoque tempore virgo. 
 
 Hanc multi petiere proci : quibus ilia repulsis 735 
 
 Ad pelagi nymphas, pelagi gratissima nymphis, 
 
 Ibat, et elusos iuvenum narrabat amores. 
 
 Cui dum pectendos praebet Galatea capillos, 
 
 Talibus adloquitur, repetens suspiria, dictis : 
 
 ' Te tamen, o virgo, genus baud inmite virorum 740 
 
 Expetit ; utque facis, potes his inpune negare. 
 
 At mihi, cui pater est Nereus, quam caerula Doris 
 
 Enixa est, quae sum turba quoque tuta sororum, 
 
 Non nisi per luctus licuit Cyclopis amorem 744 
 
 Effugere ' et lacrimae vocem inpediere loquentis. 
 
 Quas ubi marmoreo detersit pollice virgo, 
 
 Et solata deam est, ' refer, o carissima,' dixit 
 
 ' Neve tui causam tege sum tibi fida doloris.' j>S^ 
 
 Nereis his contra resecuta Crataeide natam est : */*** 
 
 ' Acis erat Fauno nymphaque Symaethide cretus, 750 
 
 Magna quidem patrTsque suji majtrisque valuptas, 
 
 Nostra tamen maior. Nam me sibi iunxerat uni. * 
 
 Pulcher etfdctopis fterum naphbusjactis 
 
 Signarat teneras dubia lanugine malas. 
 
 Hunc ego, me Cyclops nulla cum fine petebat : 755 
 
 Nee, si quaesieris, odium Cyclopis, amorne
 
 4.2 METAMORPHOSEON 
 
 Acidis in nobis fuerit praesentior, edam : 
 Par utrumque fuit. Pro, quanta potentia regni 
 Est, Venus alma, tui ! nempe ille inmitis et ipsis 
 Horrendus silvis et visus ab hospite nullo 760 
 
 Inpune, et magni cum dis contemptor Olympi, 
 Quid sit amor, sentit, validaque cupidine captus 
 Uritur, oblitus pecorum antrorumque suorum. 
 lamque tibi formae, iamque est tibi cura placendi, 
 lam rigidos pectis rastris, Polypheme, capillos ; 765 
 lam libet hirsutam tibi falce recidere barbam, 
 Et spectare feros in aqua et conponere vultus. 
 Caedis amor feritasque sitisque inmensa cruoris 
 Cessant, et tutae veniuntque abeuntque carinae. 
 Telemus interea Siculam delatus ad Aetnen, 770 
 Telemus Eurymides, quern nulla fefellerat ales, 
 Terribilem Polyphemon adit, ' lumen ' que, ' quod 
 
 unum 
 
 Fronte geris media, rapiet tibi ' dixit ' Ulixes.' 
 Risit et ' o vatum stolidissime, falleris,' inquit, 774 
 
 ' Altera Jam rapuit.' Sic frustra vera monentem 
 
 . * t 
 
 Spernit, et aut gradiens ingenti litora passu 
 Degravat, aut fessus sub opaca revertitur antra. 
 Prominet in pontum cuneatus acumine longo 
 Collis ; utrumque latus circumfluit aequoris unda. ^ 
 Hue ferus ascendit Cyclops, mediusque resedit; 780 
 Lanigerae pecudes nullo ducente secutae. 
 Cui postquam pinus, baculi quae praebuit usum, 
 Ante pedes posita est, antemnis apta ferendis,
 
 LIBER XIII. 43 
 
 Sumptaque harundinibus conpacta est fistula centum, 
 
 Senserunt toti pastoria sibila montes, 785 
 
 Senserunt undae. Latitans ego rupe meique 
 
 Acidis in gremio residens procul auribus hausi 
 
 Talia dicta meis auditaque verba notavi : 
 
 ' Candidior folio nivei, Galatea, ligustri, 
 
 Floridior pratis, longa procerior alno, 790 
 
 Splendidior vitro, tenero lascivior haedo, 
 
 Levior adsiduo detritis aequore conchis, 
 
 Solibus hibernis, aestiva gratior umbra, 
 
 Nobilior palma, platano conspectior alta, 
 
 Lucidior glacie, matura dulcior uva, 795 
 
 Mollior et cygni plumis et lacte coacto, 
 
 Et, si non fugias, riguo formosior horto : 
 
 Saevior indomitis eadem Galatea iuvencis, 
 
 Durior annosa quercu. fallacior undis, 
 
 Lentior et salicis virgis et vitibus albis, 800 
 
 His inmobilior scopulis, violentior amne, 
 
 Laudato pavone superbior, acrior igni, 
 
 Asperior tribulis, feta truculentior ursa, 
 
 Surdior aequoribus, calcato inmitior hydro, - 
 
 Et, quod praecipue vellem tibi demere possem, 805 
 
 Non tantum cervo claris latratibus.acto, 
 
 Verum etiam ventis volucrique fugacior aura ! 
 
 At bene si noris, pigeat fugisse, morasque 
 
 Ipsa tuas damnes et me retinere labores-^ 
 
 Sunt mihi, pars montis, vivo pendentia saxo 810 
 
 Antra, quibus nee sol medio sentitur in aestu,
 
 44 METAMORPHOSEON 
 
 Nee sentitur hiems. Sunt poma gravantia ramos ; 
 Sunt auro similes longis in vitibus uvae, 
 Sunt et purpureae : tibi et has servamus et illas. 
 Ipsa tuis manibus silvestri nata sub umbra 8 1 5 
 
 Mollia fraga leges, ipsa autumnalia corna 
 Prunaque, non solum nigro liventia suco, 
 Verum etiam^generosa novasque imitantia ceras. 
 Nee tibi castaneae me coniuge, nee tibi deerunt 
 Arbutei fetus. Omnis tibi serviet arbor. 820 
 
 Hoc pecus omne meum est. Multae quoque vallibus 
 
 errant, 
 
 Multas silva tegit, multae stabulantur in antris.^ 
 Nee, si forte roges, possim tibi dicere, quot sint. 
 Pauperis est numerare pecus. De laudibus harum 
 Nil mihi credideris : praesens potes ipsa videre, 825 
 Ut vix circumeant distentum cruribus uber. 
 Sunt, fetura minor, tepidis in ovilibus agni ; 
 Sunt quoque, par aetas, aliis in ovilibus haedi. 
 Lac mihi semper adest niveum. Pars inde bibenda 
 Servatur, partem liquefacta coagula durant. 830 
 
 Nee tibi deliciae faciles vulgataque tantum 
 Munera contingent, dammae leporesque caperque, 
 Parve columbarum, demptusve cacumine nidus : 
 Inveni geminos, qui tecum ludere possint, 
 Inter se similes, vix ut dignoscere possis, 835 
 
 Villosae catulos in summis montibus ursae : 
 Inveni et dixi ' dominae servabimus istos.' 
 
 y 
 
 lam modo caeruleo nitidum caput exere ponto,
 
 LIBER XIII. 45 
 
 lam, Galatea, veni, nee munera despice nostra. 
 Certe ego me novi, liquidaeque in imagine vidi 840 
 Nuper aquae ; placuitque mihi mea forma videnti. 
 Aspice, sim quantus. Non est hoc corpore maior 
 luppiter in caelo. Nam vos narrare soletis 
 Nescio quern regnare lovem. Coma plurima torvos 
 Prominet in vultus, umerosque, ut lucus, obumbrat. 
 Nee mea quod rigidis horrent densissima saetis 846 
 Corpora, turpe puta. Turpis sine frondibus arbor : 
 Turpis equus, nisi colla iubae flaventia velent. 
 [Pluma tegit volucres, ovibus sua lana decori est] 
 Barba viros hirtaeque decent in corpore saetae. 850 
 Unum est in media lumen mihi fronte, sed instar 
 Ingentis clipei. Quid ? Non haec omnia magno 
 Sol videt e caelo ? Soli tamen unicus orbis. 
 Adde, quod in vestro genitor meus aequore regnatff. 
 Hunc tibi do socerum. Tantum miserere, precesque 
 Supplicis exaudi : tibi enim succumbimus uni. 856 
 Quique lovem et caelum sperno et penetrabile 
 
 fulmen, 
 
 Nerei, te vereor. Tua fulmine saevior ira est. 
 Atque ego contemptus essem patientior huius, 
 Si fugeres omnes. Sed cur Cyclope repulso 860 
 Acin amas, praefersque meis conplexibus Acin ? 
 Ille tamen placeatque sibi placeatque licebit, 
 Quod nollem, Galatea, tibi : modo copia detur, 
 Sentiet esse mihi tanto pro corpore vires. 864 
 
 Viscera viva traham, divulsaque membra per agros
 
 46 METAMORPHOSEON 
 
 Perque tuas spargam sic se tibi misceat ! undas. 
 Uior enim, laesusque exaestuat acrius ignis, 
 Cumque suis videor translataxn viribus Aetnam 
 Pectore ferre meo Nee tu, Galatea, moveris.' 
 Talia nequiquam questus nam cuncta videbam 
 Surgit, et ut taurus vacca furibundus adempta, 871 
 Stare nequit, silvaque et notis saltibus errat : 
 Cum ferus jgriarns nee quicquam tale timentes 
 Me videt atque Acin, ' video ' que exclamat ' et ista 
 Ultima sit, faciam, Veneris concordia vestrae.' 875 
 Tantaque vox, quantam Cyclops iratus habere 
 Debuit, ilia fuit. Clamore perhorruit Aetne. 
 Ast ego vicino pavefacta sub aequore merger, 
 Terga fugae dederat conversa Symaethius heros : 
 ' Adfer opem, Galatea, precor mihi ! ferte, parentes,' 
 Dixerat ' et vestris periturum admittite regnis.' 88 1 
 Insequitur Cyclops, partemque e monte revulsam 
 Mittit, et extremus quamvis pervenit ad ilium, 
 Angulus is molis totum tamen obruit Acin. 
 At nos, quod fieri solum per fata licebat, 885 
 
 Fecimus, ut vires adsumeret Acis avitas. 
 Puniceus de mole cruor manabat, et intra 
 Temporis exiguum rubor evanescere coepit, 
 Fitque color primo turbati fluminis imbre, 
 Purgaturque mora. Turn moles fracta dehiscit, 890 
 Vivaque per rimas proceraque surgit harundo, 
 Osque cavum saxi sonat exsultantibus undis : 
 Miraque res, subito media tenus extitit alvo
 
 LIBER XIII. 4.7 
 
 Incinctus iuvenis flexis nova cornua cannis, ^ w ***' 
 Qui, nisi quod maior, quod toto caerulus ore, 895 
 Acis erat. Sed sic quoque erat tamen Acis, in amnem 
 Versus ; et antiquum tenuerunt flumina nomen.'-' 
 
 Transformation of Glaucus into a sea-god. 
 
 Desierat Galatea loqui ; coetuque soluto 
 Discedunt, placidisque natant Nerei'des undis. 
 Scylla redit : neque enim medio se credere ponto 
 Audet, et aut bibula sine vestibus errat harena, 90 i 
 Aut, ubi lassata est, seductos nacta recessus 
 Gurgitis, inclusa sua membra refrigerat unda. 
 Ecce freto stridens, alti novus incola ponti 
 Nuper in Euboica versis Anthedone membris, 905 
 Glaucus adest, visacque cupidine virginis haeret, 
 Et quaecumque putat fugientem posse morari, 
 Verba refert. Fugit ilia tamen, veloxque timore 
 Pervenit in summum positi prope litora mentis. .^909 
 Ante fretum est ingens apicem collectus in unum 
 Longus ab aequoribus convexus in aequora vertex. 
 Constitit hie, et tuta loco, monstrumne, deusne 
 Ille sit, ignorans, admiraturque colorem 
 Caesariemque umeros subiectaque terga tegentem, 
 Ultimaque excipiat quod tortilis inguina piscis. 915 
 Sensit, et innitens, quae stabat proxima, moli, 
 ' Non ego prodigium nee sum fera belua, virgo, 
 Sed deus ' inquit ' aquae : nee maius in aequora 
 
 Proteus
 
 48 METAMORPHOSEON 
 
 lus habet et Triton Athamantiadesque Palaemon. 
 Ante tamen mortalis eram, sed scilicet altis 920 
 
 Debitus aequoribus, iam turn exercebar in illis. 
 Nam modo ducebam ducentia retia pisces, 
 Nunc in mole sedens moderabar harundine linum. 
 Sunt viridi prato confinia litora, quorum 
 Altera pars undis, pars altera cingitur herbis, 925 
 Quas neque cornigerae morsu laesere iuvencae, 
 Nee placidae carpsistis oves hirtaeve capellae. 
 Non apis inde tulit conlecto semine flores, 
 Non data sunt capiti genialia serta, neque umquam 
 Falciferae secuere manus. Ego primus in illo 930 
 Caespite consedi, dum lina madentia sicco, 
 Utque recenserem, captives ordine pisces 
 Insuper exposui, quos aut in retia casus 
 Aut sua credulitas in aduncos egerat hamos. 934 
 Res similis fictae: sed quid mihi fingere prodest? 
 Gramine contacto coepit mea praeda moveri, 
 Et mutare latus, terraque, ut in aequore, niti. 
 Dumque moror mirorque simul, fugit omnis in undas 
 Turba suas, dominumque novum litusque relinquunt. 
 Obstipui, dubitoque diu, causamque require, 940 
 Num deus hoc aliquis, num sucus fecerit herbae. 
 'Quae tamen has' inquam 'vires habet herba?' 
 
 manuque 
 
 Pabula decerpsi decerptaque dente momordi. 
 Vix bene conbiberant ignotos guttura sucos, 
 Cum subito trepidare intus praecordia sensi, 945
 
 LIBER XIII. 49 
 
 Alteriusque rapi naturae pectus amore. 
 Nee potui restare diu, ' repetenda ' que ' numquam 
 Terra, vale ! ' dixi, corpusque sub aequora mersi. 
 Di maris exceptum socio dignantur honore, 949 
 
 Utque mihi quaecumque feram mortalia, demant, 
 Oceanum Tethynque rogant. Ego lustror ab illis, 
 Et purgante nefas noviens mihi carmine dicto 
 Pectora fluminibus itibeor supponere centum. 
 Nee mora, diversis lapsi de partibus amnes 
 Totaque vertuntur supra caput aequora nostrum. 955 
 Hactenus acta tibi possum memoranda referre : 
 Hactenus haec memini. Nee mens mea cetera 
 
 sensit. 
 
 Quae postquam rediit, alium me corpore toto 
 Ac fueram nuper, neque eundem mente recepi. 959 
 Hanc ego turn primum viridem ferrugine barbam 
 Caesariemque meam, quam longa per aequora verro, 
 Ingentesque umeros et caerula bracchia vidi 
 Cruraque pinnigero curvata novissima pisce. 
 Quid tamen haec species, quid dis placuisse marinis, 
 Quid iuvat esse deum, si tu non tangeris istis ? ' 965 
 Talia dicentem, dicturum plura, reliquit 
 Scylla furens. Furit ille, inritatusque repulsa 
 Prodigiosa petit Titanidos atria Circes. 
 
 r/16 
 

 
 Omnia mutantur, nihil interit. 
 
 Tb rfjs T(5xi J T01
 
 NOTES. 
 
 1-398. 
 
 CONTEST between Ajax and Ulysses for the arms of Achilles, 
 which, after the death of the hero, his mother, Thetis, offered 
 as a prize to the bravest of the Greeks. 
 
 After hearing the arguments adduced on both sides the 
 leaders decide in favour of Ulysses, and Ajax, in his indignation, 
 kills himself with his sword. 
 
 From the ground, dyed with his blood, springs the Hyacinth, 
 on whose leaves may be seen the initials of the hero's name 
 (AI). 
 
 Homer in the Ne/cvfa (X 543 sq.) attributes the death of Ajax 
 to his defeat in the contest for the armour of Achilles, but does 
 not state whether he died by his own hand or otherwise. 
 
 The contest is said to have been described in the AlOioTris of 
 Arctinus, and the 'lAtas ^ii/cpa of Lesches. 
 
 The subject was dramatised by Sophocles in his Afas, and 
 also by Pacuvius and Accius. Augustus too began a tragedy on 
 the same theme, but soon abandoned the task, and, in reply to 
 the inquiries of his friends, said that his Ajax had committed 
 suicide on a sponge (Ajacem suum in spongeam incubuisse, 
 Suet. Aug. 85). 
 
 We are told by Seneca that Ovid borrowed many of his ideas 
 (e.g. line 121) in the treatment of this fable from M. PorciusLatro, 
 who composed a declamation entitled Armorum Judicium on 
 the same subject. The latter, by birth a Spaniard, was a friend 
 of the elder Seneca, and lectured on rhetoric at Rome in the 
 time of Augustus. 
 
 Suidas, following Dictys, gives quite a different account of 
 the contest between Ajax and Ulysses. He says that the pos- 
 session of the Palladium was the matter in dispute, and that 
 Agamemnon, having awarded it to Ulysses, was filled with 
 apprehension of vengeance from Ajax, and consequently had 
 him assassinated in his tent. 
 
 D 2
 
 52 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 Schiller in his ' Siegesfest ' has imitated several passages from 
 the contest for the arms of Achilles, as well as from the trans 
 formation of Hecuba, which follows. 
 
 1. Consedere duces, ' the chiefs are seated.' These words 
 connect the I3th book with the preceding one, in which we are 
 told that Agamemnon, unwilling himself to bear the odium and 
 responsibility of the decision, had referred the matter to the 
 assembled Argive chiefs. Juvenal, 7, 115 sq. parodies this pas- 
 sage : 
 
 Consedere duces : surgis tu pallidus Ajax 
 Dicturus dubia pro libertate, bubulco 
 Judice. 
 
 It would appear that consedere should be referred to a form 
 consideo, not to constdo, as in the dictionaries. Considi seems 
 to be the true perfect of the latter word, e. g. Tac. A. I, 30 : 
 considerant (Medicean MS.). 
 
 Vulgi stante corona, ' while the ring of rank and file 
 stood. ' Corona is often used of a circle of listeners, especially 
 in a judicial assembly. 
 
 2. Surgrit ad hos. To<n 5' dveVrTj, ' rose to address them.' 
 Clipei dominus. 2aKecr<pdpos. 
 
 Septemplicis. This is explained by lines 346, 347 : 
 
 Quae nisi fecissem, frustra Telamone creatus 
 Gestasset laeva taurorum tergora septem. 
 
 Cf. Iliad, H 219, 220 : 
 
 Alas 8' eyyvdtv %\0e Qepwv ffaKos r)vre irupyov, 
 
 Ajax. The son of Telamon, king of Salamis. He was called 
 Ajax the Great, and is to be distinguished from the lesser 
 Ajax, son of Oileus, king of the Locrians, who also was present 
 at the siege of Troy. 
 
 3. TJtque erat inpatiens irae, ' and lacking control, as 
 he did, over his passions,' ' being ungovernably passionate.' 
 
 Ut is often thus used to specify the general character or dis- 
 position under the influence of which an act is performed, e. g. 
 Multa alia colligit Chrysippus, ut est in omni historia curiosus,
 
 NOTES. 53 
 
 Cic. Tusc. I, 45, 1 08. Magnifice et ornate, ut erat in primis 
 inter suos copiosus, convivium comparat, Id. Verr. 2, 1,26, 65. 
 The meaning here is ' with his usual uncurbed passion he 
 glanced sullenly (torvo respexit vultu] at the Sigean shore.' 
 The violent and overbearing character of Ajax is well exhibited 
 in his speech. 
 
 Sigreia. Sigeum (Yenisheri) was the N.-W. promontory of 
 the Troad. Near it stood an altar to Zei/s iravo/jupciios, whence 
 the adjuration pro Juppiter in the next line. See xi. 198. 
 Ajax had often protected the Grecian fleet drawn up on this 
 shore. See line 91 sq. The adj. is also found in the form 
 Sigeus. See Luc. Charon, 23 : e'0e'A.co (roi8e?aiTbj/ToC 'A^iAAe'cos 
 ra(f>ov. 6pqs rbv tirl rfj 0aA.aTT7j ; 2iyeiov fj.fv fae'ivo tffTi rb 
 TpuwSv' avTUtpv Sf 6 Alas reOaTrrat v T< 'Potreicp. 
 
 4. Classemque in litore, sc. stantem. 
 
 5. Pro. An interjection expressing indignation, wonder, or 
 lamentation. It is followed by nom., voc., or ace., and is also 
 used parenthetically. See line 758. 
 
 6. Ante rates, ' before, in sight of the ships.' 
 
 Et, ' and (before these ships which I saved) is Ulysses com- 
 pared with me ? ' This use of et in indignant questions is fre- 
 quent : e. g. tfe, Caem,feram ? xii. 465. Et is tot criminibus 
 testimoniisque convictus in eorum tabellis spem sibi aliquant 
 ponit, quorum omnium palam, caussa incognita, voce damnatus 
 est? Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, 41. Et sunt qui de -via Appia que- 
 rantur, taceant de curia. ? Id. Mil. 33, 91. 
 
 7. Hectoreis flammis, cf. xiv. 467 : Danaas paverunt 
 Pergama flammas. 
 
 9. Tutius, ' more prudent.' Cf. Caes. B. G. 3, 24 : Tutius 
 esse arbitrantur, obsessis vtis, commeatu intercluso sine ullo 
 vulnere -victoria potiri, 
 
 10. So in ix. 29 sq. Hercules says : 
 
 Melior mihi dextera lingua. 
 Dummodo pugnando superem, tu vince loquendo. 
 
 11. Isti. This pronoun is specially used of an opponent in a 
 lawsuit. 
 
 13. Mea. Emphatic, opposed to sua in next line. 
 
 14. "Vidistis enim, 'for you were eyewitnesses of them.' 
 Sua narret TJlixes, 'let Ulysses recount his.'
 
 54 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 15. Quorum nox conscia sola est, ' to which night alone 
 is privy.' See lines 98-101. 
 
 16 sq. ' Great, I admit, is the prize sought, but my rival 
 takes away the honour of the contest : it is no cause of pride to 
 Ajax to have won anything, great though it be, to which Ulysses 
 raised his hopes.' 
 
 19. Jam nunc, ' already,' i.e. independently of the issue of 
 the contest. Nunc jam = now, as opposed to past time. 
 
 Temptaminis. This word is found in the plural in iii. 341 
 and vii. 734. Temptamentum is the more usual word. 
 
 20. Ulysses, even though defeated, will be sufficiently rewarded 
 by being able to boast of having contended with the bravest 
 hero in the Greek army. Quo, sc. certamine. 
 
 21. Virtus, 'valour.' Dubitabilis, 'open to question.' 
 Cf. i. 223 : Nee erit dubitabile verum. First found in Ovid, 
 who is partial to adjectives of this form. 
 
 22. Nobilitate, ' high' or 'noble birth.' Cf. Pont. 4, 16, 
 
 43 s q- : 
 
 Maternos Cottas cui Messallasque pateriios 
 Maxima nobilitas ingeminata dedit. 
 
 23. Telamon took part in the first capture of Troy, when 
 Hercules attacked the city to punish Laomedon's perfidy in de- 
 frauding him of the celebrated horses of Tros, which had been 
 promised as a reward for the rescue of Hesione. See xi. 212 sq. 
 
 24. The Argonautic expedition sailed from lolcus on the Pa- 
 gasaean gulf to Colchis for the Golden Fleece. Colcha = 
 Colchica. Cf. vii. 394 : Colchis (= Colchicis) -venenis. 
 
 25. Aeacus, Minos, and Radamanthus were the judges of 
 the Lower World. Lucian (Charon 2), however, represents 
 Aeacus as fare-collector for Charon's boat : Kara 6 TeKdivrjs 
 fi.la.Kbs ayavaKT^ffei /*)5' ofio\bv ffi/iro\<av. Silentibus, ' the 
 silent shades of the departed,' as in v. 356. In Virgil, A. 6, 
 264, we find the full expression umbrae silentes. In xv. 66, 
 silentes = the Pythagoreans during the first five years of their 
 discipleship, when they were required to listen to the instruc- 
 tions of Pythagoras. 
 
 26. Saxum grave. Cf. Od. \ 598 : \aas a.vai$7)s.
 
 NOTES. 55 
 
 Sisyphon. The allusion to Sisyphus is introduced because 
 he was reputed father of Ulysses, to whom he transmitted a 
 share of his cunning. See note on line 48. 
 
 27. Ag-noscit, ' recognises as his son.' Cf. Corn. Nep. Ages. 
 I, 4 : Quern tile natum non agnorat, martens suum esse dix- 
 erat. 
 
 28. Ab love tertius, ' third in descent from Jupiter/ not 
 including Jupiter the first in the series. Jupiter, Aeacus, 
 Telamon, Ajax. Yet with secundus the first in the series is 
 included : e.g. Hor. S. 2, 3, 193 : Ajax, heros ab Achille secun- 
 dus, i.e. next to Achilles. Liv. 7, i fin. : (Camillus) secundus 
 a Romulo conditor urbis Romanae. 
 
 29. Series, 'line of ancestors,' 'lineage,' 'pedigree.' Cf. 
 Ov. Pont. 3, 2, 109 : Digne vir hac serie. Statius, Theb 
 6.268: Series antiqua parentum. In causam prosit, 'help 
 my cause.' Cf. Quint. 8, 3, 9 : In id quoque prodest, utterrae 
 succutn aequaliter trahant. 
 
 31. '.Prater, ' cousin.' The relationship is expressed by 
 patruelis in line 4 1 . Prater germanus is the strict expression 
 for 'brother.' Ajax was son of Telamon, Achilles of Peleus. 
 Telamon and Peleus were brothers, being sons of Aeacus and 
 Endeis. 
 
 32. Illi, i.e. Sisypho, which is readily understood from 
 sanguine Sisyphio. Cf. Juv. 14, 239 sq. : 
 
 Quantum 
 
 Dilexit Thebas si Graecia vera Menoeceus, 
 In quorum sulcis . . . . , 
 
 where quorum refers to Thebanos implied in Thebas. 
 
 33. Inserit Aeacidis, ' ingrafts on the stock of the Aeacidae.' 
 It is doubtful whether the verb here is insero, sevi, situm, or 
 serut, sertum (both of which words are used of grafting by 
 Columella), as the following passages show : Tac. A. 13, 14 ; 
 Insitus et adopthius. Suet. Tib. 3 : (Tiberius) insertus es? et 
 Liviorum familiae, adoptato in earn materno avo. Haupt 
 thinks the simile is from grafting, as explained above ; but the 
 meaning may be simply 'thrusts in the name of a strange family 
 among the Aeacidae' (insero, inserui) : see line 166 and iii. 117 : 
 nee te civilibus insere bellis.
 
 5 6 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 84. sq. An oracle declared that should Ulysses join the 
 Trojan expedition he would have to undergo twenty years 
 wandering. When, therefore, Agamemnon and Menelaus came 
 to secure his assistance he feigned madness, and yoking an ox 
 and an ass together, he began to plough and to sow salt in the 
 furrows. Palamedes (the son of Nauplius), however, detected 
 this imposture by placing the infant Telemachus before the 
 plough, whereupon Ulysses, having stopped his team, was 
 obliged to abandon his assumed part. Ulysses, owing to this 
 circumstance, conceived a deadly enmity to Palamedes, and 
 subsequently secured his execution on a false charge. See line 
 56 sq. An is sometimes used to introduce a simple direct ques- 
 tion when a negative answer is expected. The full expression, 
 as Siebelis says, would be utrum res ita se habet ut dixi, an, &c. 
 
 Nuilo sub indice, ' not owing to, forced by, an informer. ' 
 Cf. v. 62 : Postquam exhalantem sub acerbo -vulnere vitam 
 Deploramt Athin. Juv. 15, 26 : hoc Ithacus nullo sub teste 
 canebat. 
 
 36. Ultima (sc. arma) cepit, 'was last to take the field.' 
 Ultimus would be the more usual construction. 
 
 Detrectavit, 'shirked.' 
 
 37. Isto, than Ulysses. 
 
 38. Sibi inutilior, because he roused the enmity of Ulysses. 
 Commenta retexit, ' unmasked his devices.' 
 
 39. Merkel reads in instead of ad. 
 
 41. Patruelibus. See note on line 31. 
 
 43. Furor ille. The madness of Ulysses. See note on 34 sq. 
 
 44. Phrygias, i.e. Trojan. 
 
 45. Hortator scelerum, 'inciter to crime.' Observe the 
 emphatic position of the words. Cf. Virg. A. 6, 529 : Hortator 
 scelerum bolides. Ib. 2, 164 : scelerumque inventor Ulysses. 
 
 Poeantia proles. Philoctetes, the son of Poeas, when on 
 his way to Troy, was bitten in the foot by a serpent, and owing 
 to the stench of his wound was left behind at Lemnos by the 
 advice of Ulysses. As he possessed the arrows of Hercules,
 
 NOTES. 57 
 
 without which an oracle declared Troy could not be taken, 
 Ulysses and Diomede were sent to fetch him in the tenth year 
 of the war. The subject is dramatised in the Philoctetes of 
 Sophocles. Euripides also wrote a play bearing the same 
 name, an abstract of the opening scenes of which is given by 
 Dion Chrysostom. See Professor Mahaffy's 'History of Greek 
 Literature,' vol. i. p. 313. 
 
 46. Lemnos, now Stalimene, i.e. els TO.V ATJ/J.VOV, as Stam- 
 boul = els TO.V tr6\iv, Negropont = els rbv Evpnrov. Nostro 
 cum crimine, ' to our reproach.' Cf. Ter. And. 5i 3> IO : 
 Adeo impotenti esse ammo, ut . . . . hanc hdbere studeat cum 
 summo probro. Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 4 : Ne ilia illud hercle 
 cum nialo fecit suo. 
 
 47. Silvestribus, 'woodland.' 
 
 48. Laertiadae, i.e. Ulysses. Anticlea, the mother of 
 Ulysses, is said to have been with child by Sisyphus at the time 
 of her marriage with Laertes. In Soph. Phil. 417 Ulysses is 
 called ov/j.iro\rjrbs ~2,iffv<pov Aaepricp. Precaris. Cf. Hor. S. 2, 
 3, 203 : (Ajax) mala multa precatus Atridis. 
 
 50. Eadem nobis juratus in arma, ' bound by oath to the 
 same warlike expedition with us.' Cf. Hor. Ep. i, i, 14: 
 
 Nullius addictus jurare in verba magistri. 
 
 For participles used like juratus see Varro ap. Non. p. 94, 14 
 sq. : Cenatus ut pransus, ut potus, ut lotus, id est confecta cena. 
 
 51. Pars una ducum, equivalent to unus ducum. I have 
 adopted Merkel's reading, una, instead bf Haupt's ilia. Pars 
 una is a familiar expression in Ovid, e.g. ii. 426 : O comi- 
 tum, virgo, pars una mearum. ix. 20 : Sed popularis ero et 
 rerum pars una tuarum. xiv. 288 : Pecoris pars una ma- 
 nerem. xiv. 482 : Vellemque horum pars una fuissem. In 
 none of these passages does any special stress seem to be 
 laid on una, and pars una ducum simply means ' one of the 
 leaders,' as opposed to the common men. If Haupt's ilia be 
 adopted, the meaning is ' that important individual among the 
 leaders.' This use of tile is too familiar to require illustration. 
 Bothius reads, with similar meaning, magna instead oiilla, and
 
 5 8 MET A MORPHOSES. 
 
 gives utantur instead oiutuntur in the next clause, which would 
 then be explanatory of why the epithet magna was used. For 
 pars cf. xi. 2 16 : pars militiae Telamon. Virg. A. 2, 6 : quorum 
 (neuter) pars magna fui, 'in which I played a prominent part.' 
 
 Quo successors sagittae Herculis utuntur, ' whom the 
 arrows of Hercules have as their new owner.' Cf. line 118 sq. : 
 Nostro (sc. clipeo) novus est successor habendus. 
 
 53. Velaturque aliturque avibus, ' is dependent on birds 
 for both his dress and food.' The verbs are middle : ' clothes 
 and feeds himself.' Accius in his Philoctetes says: pro veste 
 pinnis membra textis contegit. 
 
 Volucresque petendo, ' in shooting birds.' Cf. Accius : 
 
 Pinnigero haec, non armigero in corpore 
 Tela exercentur vetere abjecta gloria. 
 
 Debita Troj anis fatis, ' destined for the destruction of 
 Troy.' See note on line 45. 
 
 56, Ulysses brought about the death of Palamedes by accus- 
 ing him of treachery. To corroborate the charge, he concealed 
 in the tent of Palamedes, according to Ovid, some gold ; ac- 
 cording to another account, a letter written in Priam's name. 
 
 67. This line is rejected by Merkel and Korn. If it is 
 retained, it is to be taken parenthetically. Sine crimine, 
 ' without being accused of treason.' 
 
 58. Male convicti, &c., 'Ulysses remembering too well the 
 madness which Palamedes had exposed in an evil hour.' It 
 was unfortunate for Palamedes that the feigned madness of 
 Ulysses was detected by his means, as the vengeance of Ulysses 
 was thus roused against him. For the use of male cf. Hor. O. 
 4, 6, 14 : male feriatos, ' keeping ill-timed holiday.' Ter. Ad. 
 2 > x > 37 ! quae res tibi -vertnt male, 'may that matter turn out 
 unfortunately for you.' For the correlative use of bene see Hor. 
 O. 3, 27, 59 : Potes hac ab orno Pendulum zona bene te secuta 
 Laedere collum, ' the girdle that has fortunately, opportunely, 
 accompanied you.' 
 
 59. Rem Danaam, ' the Grecian cause.' SIMMONS. 
 Probavit, 'established.' Cf. Cic. Fl. 37, 93. 
 
 60. Praefoderat, 'had buried beforehand.' In Virg. A. II, 
 
 473 : praefodiuntpoitas = ante portas fossas faciunt. See Ser-
 
 NOTES. 59 
 
 vius ad loc. The sense referring to time, not place, which is 
 required in the present passage, is found also in Plin. Nat. H. 
 17, 11, 16, 79. 
 
 61. Exilio. Leaving Philoctetes in Lemnos like a banished 
 man. Subduxit, 'drew off,' 'diminished.' 
 
 62. Nece. Causing the army to stone Palamedes. 
 
 63. In prose quoque would stand after Nestora. 
 
 64. The incident referred to is narrated in Iliad, 75 sq. Dio- 
 mede, having vainly appealed to Ulysses for aid, himself rescued 
 Nestor from the attack of Hector. Diomede and Ulysses were 
 the special friends of Nestor. 
 
 67. Mini, <by me.' 
 
 68. Tydides. Diomede. 
 
 69. Corripuit, 'reproved.' Cf. iii. 564: 
 
 Hunc avus, hunc Athamas, hunc cetera turba suorum 
 Corripiunt dictis frustraque inhibere laborant. 
 
 Hor. S. 2, 3, 257 : impransi correptus voce magistri. Cf. 
 Iliad, 94 : 
 
 irfi <j>evyets /Kra vSna. jSaAaif KO.KUS >s fv 6fj.i\ia : 
 
 70. Mortalia, 'human affairs.' Cf. Virg. A. I, 462: men- 
 tern mortalia tangunt, ib. 4, 372 : nee Saturnius haec oculis 
 pater aspicit aequis. 
 
 71. Ulysses, when wounded by Socus and surrounded by the 
 enemy, was rescued by Ajax and Menelaus. See Iliad, A 456 sq. 
 
 73. Conclaxnat, ' he calls to his aid ! ' Cf. Virg. A. 7, 504 : 
 Auxiliutn vocat, et duros conclamat agrestes. 
 
 74. Morte futura, ' threatening death.' 
 
 75. Molem clipei. 2a/cos T/ure irvpyov. ' My ponderous 
 shield.' Jacentem, sc. Ulixen, is paraphrased in line 80 sq. : 
 cui standi mdnera vires Non dederant. 
 
 76. Inertem, ' cowardly.' So ignavus, 
 
 78. Kedde, &c., ' give us again the enemy,' &c. 
 
 79. Mecum contends sub illo. Haupt explains this, Fight 
 with me against the enemy under the protection of my shield. 
 It may, however, mean, Carry on your contest with me under
 
 60 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 its protection. Haupt questions the genuineness of verses 7779 
 as they interfere with the sense, and we would expect 80 to 
 follow immediately after 76. 
 
 80 sq. ' But when I had rescued him to whom wounds had 
 left no power to stand, he fled, unimpeded by any wound.' 
 Ironical. Ulysses pretended that his wound was so severe as to 
 prevent him from standing, while, in fact, it proved so slight as 
 not to interfere with his flight. 
 
 82. Secumciue deos in proelia ducit. Cf. Iliad, O 366, 
 
 307: 
 
 Tpcats 5 irpotnvfyav ao\\ees, %pxe 8' &p' "Etcrcop, 
 /j.OKpa /3<j8as irpoffOfv Se K'I' avrov 4>or/3os 'Air6\\(avf 
 The plural deos is employed either by the same metrical license 
 as proelia, or because it was by the command of Jupiter that 
 Apollo aided Hector. See Iliad, O 220 sq. Proelia. Equiva- 
 lent to proelium. Siebelis observes that poets use the plural 
 for the singular in nouns, whose singular is excluded by the 
 metre. 
 
 84. Tantum trahit ille timoris, ' such panic does he carry 
 with him ! ' This is an instance of the figure of speech called 
 epiphonema, i.e. the winding-op of a narrative by an exclama- 
 tory clause, for the sake of vividness. Observe also the alliter- 
 ation. 
 
 85. Hunc, i.e. Hector. Sang-uineae, &c., ' exulting at his 
 good fortune in the bloody carnage.' 
 
 86. Ingenti pondere (sc. saxi], 'with an immense stone.' 
 The incident mentioned here is taken from Iliad, H 409 sq. : rbv 
 fj.fv firir' airi6vTa fueyas TeA.aju.cij/ios Alas xepnaSiy . . . ffrfiOos 
 f}ef}\T)Kfiv virtp &VTVJOS, and is, therefore, out of place, as the 
 rest of the narrative is drawn from Iliad, O 306 sq. See note 
 on line 82. Ovid either confused the two passages together, or 
 (in common with Dictys Cretensis) followed another account. 
 
 Resupinum fudi, 'I laid him prostrate on his back.' Homer 
 often applies the word VKTIOS to those who fall wounded. 
 
 87. By the advice of Helenus Hector challenged the bravest 
 of the Greeks to single combat. Nine heroes offered them- 
 selves, out of whom Ajax was chosen by lot as the champion. 
 Poscentem cum quo concurreret. Cf. Sam. I, 17, 10: 
 ' Give me a man, that we may fight together.' By unus 
 sustinui Ajax, as is evident from the words sortemque meant
 
 NOTES. 6 1 
 
 vavtstis, merely asserts that he encountered Plector in single 
 combat, while in lines 275 sq., Ulysses misrepresents him as 
 ignoring the willingness of the other chiefs to engage in the 
 combat. 
 
 88. Sortemque meam vovistis, 'you prayed for my lot,' 
 i.e. prayed that my lot might be drawn from the helmet, so that 
 I should be the chosen champion. Iliad, H 175 : 
 
 v 8' f@a\oi> Kvver) 'Ayafj.ffj.i'ovos 'ArpfiSao, 
 AaoJ 8' TipJiffavTO, 0eo?<n 8e x e 'P as ""effxoV 
 aS8e 8e TJS tforecrKej' ISwv fls ovpa.v'bv evpvv' 
 ZeC irdrep ft Afavra AaxeiV ^ TuSe'os vi6i> 
 f) nvrbv /3a<n\T)a. iro\vxpv(roio 
 
 For construction and meaning of -vo-veo compare xii. 200 : elige 
 quidvoveas. xi. 128: quote modo voverat, odit. 
 
 89. Vestrae valuers preces, ' your prayers prevailed.' Cf. 
 Ov. Pont. 3, 3, 92 : Sperandum nostras fosse valere preces. 
 ii. 183 : 
 
 Jam cognosse genus piget et valuisse rogando. 
 
 91. Cf. Iliad, O 743 sq. : 
 
 Sffrts 5e Tp<acav /COI\TJS eirl vrjvffl 
 
 ffvv wvpl K-ri\e[ip, xpt' / '''CTOpos 0-rpvva.vros, 
 T&V 5' Aias ouToa/ce, SeSe'/yue^oj <=yx e i /J-aicptp. 
 
 Ecce here, as often, introduces with emphasis a fresh point 
 or incident, ' see, again.' Jovemque. Cf. Iliad, O 636 : 
 'Axajoi 6e<rirefftcos e<p6fir)dev ix^ "E/cropt Kai Ail irarpi. Cf. also 
 line 82 : secum deos in proelia duett. 
 
 92. Danaas classes. For the use of Danaas cf. line 7. 
 For classes = naves cf. Virg. A. 2, 30 : clasnbus hie locus. 
 
 93. Nempe eg-o protexi, 'why, as everybody knows, it was 
 I defended.' This use of nempe, in stating a notorious or 
 obvious fact after a question, is common. Cf. Cic. Phil, i, 7, 
 18: Pompeii tertius consulatus in quibus actis constitit? Nempe 
 in legibus. Id. Mil. 3, 7 : in qua tandem urbe hoc disputant ? 
 Nempe in ea, &c.
 
 62 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 94. Spem vestri reditus, i.e. on which your return de- 
 pended. Cf. the burning of the ships in Virg. A. 5, 672 : 
 vestras spes uritis. 
 
 95. Istis, sc. armis. 
 
 96. Conjunctaque gloria nostra est, ' and our glory (i.e. 
 mine and that of the arms) is shared in common'; i.e. Ajax 
 will gain additional reputation by possessing the arms and the 
 arms by being possessed by him. Cf. Valer. Max. 7, 5, 6 : Non 
 Catoni praetura, sed praeturae Cato negatus est. 
 
 98. The joint night expedition of Ulysses and Diomede, the 
 capture of the horses of Rhesus, and the death of Dolon are 
 narrated in Iliad K, which is commonly known as AoAcoj/eta. 
 His, sc. rebus a me gestis. Ithacus. Ulysses, so called 
 from the island of Ithaca, where he reigned. Inbellem. This 
 epithet is probably applied to Dolon, because of his offering a 
 large ransom in order to escape death. See Iliad, K 378 sq. 
 
 99. The J l\ioLs niKpA. of Lesches, related how Ulysses seized 
 Helenus by an ambush, and learned from him that Troy could 
 not be taken save by the bow and arrows of Philoctetes ; also 
 how Ulysses and Diomede carried off the Palladium or sacred 
 effigy of Pallas Athena, on the possession of which the safety of 
 Troy depended. Priamides, although from Priamus. 
 
 100. Luce, ' in daylight.' Diomede remote, ' without 
 Diomede.' 
 
 102. Pars sit, &c., 'let Diomede have the larger share in 
 them.' 
 
 103. Quo tamen haec Ithaco, ' and yet to what end should 
 you give this armour to Ulysses ? ' Ulysses uses treachery, not 
 the sword, as his weapon. A verb is readily supplied from 
 datis, line 101, as in Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 55, 137: Pecuniam illam 
 ob censuram contra leges clam dederunt ; haec denarium xxxix 
 millia palam salms legibus contulerunt in statuam. Primum 
 quo tantam pecuniam ? The verb is often omitted in excited 
 questions. Cf. Hor. S. 2, 7, 116: Unde mihi lapidem? Id. 
 Ep. I, 5, 12 : Quo mihi fortunam, si non conceditur uti? So 
 also after irol in Greek. 
 
 104. Incautuxn, ' unwary.'
 
 NOTES. 63 
 
 105. Claro radiantis ab auro. This use of ab, where the 
 simple ablative is the usual construction, is especially charac- 
 teristic of Ovid. See Roby 1213 and Professor Palmer's note 
 on Ov. Her. 1O, 138 : Et tunicas lacrimis sicul ab imbre graves. 
 Id. Fast. 2, 16: lupus est a voce retentus. Radians is found 
 with the simple ablative, Ov. A. A. 3, 451 : templis multo radi- 
 antibus auro. 
 
 107. Dulichius vertex. Cf. xiv. 226 : Dulichium ducem. 
 Ulysses derived this epithet from the island of Dulichium, near 
 Ithaca. 
 
 108. Pondera tanta, ' the great weight,' sc. of the helmet. 
 
 109. Pelias hasta. The spear of Achilles, the shaft of 
 which was made of wood from Mount Pelion. Iliad, it 
 140 sq. : 
 
 isyx os 8' oi>x f\fr' olov a/jivfAovos Aiai5ao (sc. Patroclus) 
 PpiOu, /J.fya, ffTif}ap6v' rb fj.fi> ov Svvar' &\\os 'Axaitov 
 ird\\eiv a\\d fj.iv olos firiffrtno irfjAcu 'A^'AAeus, 
 n?;Aia5a yUeAnji/, T^V irarpl (pi\(f trSpe Xeipwv 
 
 110. Caelatus. This is preferable to Merkel's Concretus. 
 Cf. line 684 : longo caela-verat argumento ; 291 : clipeicaelamina, 
 The shield is more fully described in line 291 sq. 
 
 111. Nataeque ad furta sinistrae. Cf. ii. 223 : natusque 
 ad sacra Cithaeron. In this phrase the preposition in is oc- 
 casionally employed by the poets instead of ad. xiv. 99 : natae 
 dira in ferjuria linguae. Hor. O. I, 27, I : Natis in usum 
 laetitiae scyphis Pugnare TJiracum est. The left hand is often 
 alluded to as the hand for thieving. See Ellis' notes on Catul- 
 lus 12, I and 47, i. 
 
 112. ' How have you the insolence to claim a gift that would 
 but disable you ? ' 
 
 115. Qua sola, &c., ' the one thing in which you surpass 
 everybody.' This passage throws light on the meaning of Virg. 
 A. 4, 322 : Extinctus pudor et, qua sola sidera adibam, Fama 
 prior ; which Wagner and Forbiger erroneously render ' which 
 alone would have been enough to make me immortal, had there 
 been nothing else.' The present passage strongly supports 
 Henry's rendering ' which was my sole title to immortality.'
 
 64 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 116. Cf. xv. 163 : 
 
 Cognovi clipeum laevae gestamina nostrae. 
 
 Trahenti, ' trailing so great a load ' : Trahimus quod ferre 
 non possumus. 
 
 118. sq. Nostro, qui, &c., ' my shield which, from with- 
 standing missiles, gapes with holes owing to a thousand blows, 
 calls for a new one to supply its place.' Tela ferendo. Cf. 
 Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 3 : ut ne unum quidem nostrorum impetum 
 ferrent. For another meaning of tela ferre see xii. 490 : 
 
 Telaque in hunc omnes unum mittuntque feruntque. 
 Fatet. Cf. Juv 3, 149 sq. : 
 
 Si toga sordidula est et rupta calceus alter 
 Pelle patet. 
 Successor. Cf. line 51. 
 
 120. Spectemur agendo, ' let us be tried by deeds.' Cf. 
 Ov. Tr. i, 5, 25 : 
 
 Scilicet ut fulvum spectatur in ignibus aurum, 
 Tempore sic duro est inspicienda fides. 
 
 Cic. Oft. 2, II, 38: quipecunia non movetur . . . hunc igni 
 spectatum arbitrantur. 
 
 121. Seneca quotes this line as an instance of Ovid's imitation 
 of his master Latro. The words of Latro were : ' mittamus 
 artna in hastes et petamus? Viri fortis. Achilles. 
 
 123. Telamone satus, ' the son of Telamon,' i.e. Ajax. Cf. 
 I, 751 : sole satus Phaethon. 
 
 124. Ultima, sc. verba, as in Hor. S. i, 4, 57, sq. : 
 
 eripias si 
 
 Tempora certa modosque et, quod prius ordine verbum est, 
 Posterius facias, praeponens ultima primis. 
 
 In this passage from Horace, Lewis and Short understand 
 negotia with ultima, but erroneously, for Horace is speaking of 
 the order of the words, -not of the subjects. Cf. line 469 sq. : 
 siquos tamen ultima nostri Verba movent oris.
 
 NOTES. 65 
 
 Murmur. Expressing approval of the speech, as in Virg. A . 
 12, 238: 
 
 Talibus incensa est juvenum sententia dictis 
 
 Jam magis atque magis, serpitque per agmina murmur. 
 
 125. The description is borrowed from the Iliad, r 216 sq. : 
 
 ore 5r) iroAu^urjTij avat^eifv 'OSvfffftvs , 
 ffraffKfV i viral 8e l'5e<r/ce, KOTO x^ ov ^> s afj./j.ara irtjfoj. 
 o\\' Srf STJ /5' OTTO Tf fif-yti\ijv K ffr^Ofos Itt 
 teal firea vKpdStffffiv eoutSra x^tifj.eplrjcrii', 
 OVK &y eiretr' 'OSvffrjt y' ipivcreif &porbs &\\os. 
 
 126. Kesolvit ora. Cf. i. 181 : 
 
 Talibus inde modis ora indignantia solvit; 
 and ii. 282 : 
 
 Vix equidem fauces haec ipsa in verba resolvo. 
 
 128. ' If my prayers, united with yours, had availed.' 
 
 129. ' The heir to this great prize would not be under dis- 
 pute.' Cf. Livy, 40, 8 : haud ambiguus rex. Certamen, 
 since it is used in connexion with heres, seems to be the ' prize 
 in the contest,' and Lewis and Short assign the same meaning 
 to the word in Virg. G. 2, 530 : 
 
 Velocis jaculi certamina ponit in ulmo. 
 
 Conington, however, translates the latter passage 'makes a 
 match of darting at a mark set up in or scored on an elm,' and 
 the meaning here maybe simply 'the question wl o is to be heir 
 would not be the subject of this great contest,' lit. the heir of 
 (i.e. to be decided by) this great contest would not be matter 
 of dispute. 
 
 130. Poteremur, following the 3rd conj. aspotltur in line 729. 
 
 131. Non aequa, 'unkind.' Cf. x. 633 sq. : 
 
 Quod si felicior essem 
 Nee mihi conjugium fata importuna negarent. 
 
 132. Lacrimantia lumina, Cf. Cic. Sest. 69, 144 : oculis 
 lacrimantLbus. 
 
 133 sq. There is a play on the words succedat, successit. 
 ' Who could better follow Achilles (in the possession of his 
 weapons) than I, by whose means the great Achilles followed the 
 
 B
 
 66 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 Danai ?' Ulysses, as he states more at length in lines 162 sq., 
 had been the means of making Achilles take part in the Trojan 
 expedition. 
 
 135. Huic, i.e. Ajax. Est, ' really is,' opposed to -videtur. 
 
 138. Observe the chiasmus, that is, the crosswise arrange- 
 ment of the words, so that the contrasted terms are in one clause 
 put in a reverse order to that of the other, the first term (nunc) 
 corresponding with the fourth (saepe), and the second (pro 
 domino) with the third (pro vobis). The figure is named from 
 the Greek letter X. Cf. line 550. Domino, sc. suo, referring 
 ioifacundia, let eloquence speak for 'its master,' 'its owner.' 
 For the figurative use of dominus, as applied to the possessor 
 of an art or quality, cf. i. 524 : 
 
 Nee prosunt domino, quae prosunt omnibus artes ; 
 and xi. 148 : 
 
 Pingue sed ingenium mansit ; nocituraque, ut ante, 
 Rursus erant domino stolidae praecordia mentis. 
 
 139. Invidia careat, ' escape jealousy.' Bona nee, &c., 
 ' nor let each one disown his own good qualities.' These words 
 are apologetic for his reference to his own eloquence (facundia). 
 
 140. Nam, &c., 1 say his own (sua) ' for family and ancestors, 
 and what we have not done ourselves ; these things I scarcely 
 call ours.' 
 
 141 sq. Sed enim. 'AAAct yap, 'but indeed.' Enim, in 
 connexion with sed, at, verum, often retains its original cor- 
 roborative force. Rettulit, &c. ' Ajax has mentioned that he 
 is the great grandson of Jupiter.' Pronepos is nom. case in 
 accordance with the Greek idiom instead of se esse pronepolem. 
 See line 28 : Sic ab Jove tertius Ajax. 
 
 143. Totidem, sc. quot Aiax. 
 
 144. Arcesius. 'Apttdcrios. 
 
 145. Telamon, the father of Ajax, assisted his brother Peleus 
 in slaying their half-brother Phocus, and was consequently 
 exiled from .^Egina. 
 
 146. Per matrem, ' on my mother's side.' Cyllenius (Kv\- 
 \-ftvtos, Od. co i), ' Mercury'; so called from Mount Cyllene on 
 the frontiers of Arcadia and Achaia. Virg. A. 8, 138 : 
 
 Mercurius quern Candida Maia 
 
 Cyllenae gelido conceptum vertice fudit.
 
 NOTES. 67 
 
 Autolycus, the father of Anticlea, the mother of Ulysses, was 
 a son of Mercury and Chione. 
 
 147. Deus est in utroque parente, ' the blood of the gods 
 flows in the veins of both my parents.' Cf. line 187. 
 
 150. Meritis expendite causam, 'weigh the cause against 
 our respective merits.' Meritis is abl. Cf. Plaut. Bacch. 4,4,1: 
 kunc hominem decet auro expendi, i. e. ' is worth his weight in 
 gold.' Cf. line 192. 
 
 152. Meritum. This refers to the use of mentis in 150. 
 Decide on the merits ; but do not regard as a merit what is not 
 so. Non for ne after dummodo. 
 
 153. Spoliis. Used instead of armis, because the arms of 
 Achilles were stripped off him after death, and are now being 
 disposed of at the discretion of others. 
 
 155. Tst=vivit. Pyrrhus, also called Neoptolemus, was 
 'the son of Achilles and Deidamia, the daughter of Lycomedes, 
 
 king of Scyros. Illi, sc. Achilli. 
 
 156. Quis locus Ajaci. For this use of locus, cf. Cic. de Or.2, 
 54, 219: in hoc altero (sc. genere) dicacitatis quid hdbet ars loci ? 
 Pnthiam, the abode of Peleus in Thessaly. Scyrum, the abode 
 of Pyrrhus : 'Let the armour be carried to Phthia or Scyrus.' 
 
 157. Teucer, as son of Telamon and Hesione, was step- 
 brother of Ajax. Isto, i. e. Ajax. This pronoun is frequently 
 used in speeches to designate those opposed to the orator. This 
 line contains the answer of Ulysses to the claims advanced by 
 Ajax in line 31. 
 
 158. Ille, i. e. Teucer. 
 
 159. Operum nudum certamen, ' a mere contest about 
 achievements.' Cf. Ov. Trist. 3, II, 17 sq. : 
 
 Ut mala nulla feram, nisi nudam Caesaris iram, 
 Nuda parum nobis Caesaris ira mali est ? 
 
 Silius I, 219: nee fidens nudo sine fiaudibus ensi. 
 
 161. In promptu sit, 'is easy.' Cf. ii. 84, sq. : Nee tibi 
 quadrupedes . ... in promptu regere est. The phrase more 
 usually means ' to be manifest ' or ' to be ready to hand.' 
 
 162 sq. Cf. Hygin. fab. 96 : Thetis Nereis cum sciret Achil- 
 lem filium suum, quern ex Peleo habebat, si ad Trojam expug- 
 nandam isset, periturum, commendavit eum in insulam Scyron 
 ad Lycomedem regem. Quern ille inter virgines filias habitu 
 femineo servabat. Achivi autem cum rescissent ibi eum occul-
 
 68 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 tari, ad regem Lycomedem oratores miserunt, ut eum adjutorium 
 Danais mitteret. Rex, cum negaret apud se esse, potestatem eis 
 fecit, ut in regia quaererent. Qui cum intelligere non possent, 
 qui esset earum, Ulysses in regio vestibulo munera feminea 
 posuit, in quibus clipeum et hastam, et subito tubicinem jussit 
 canere armorumque crepitum et clamorem fieri jussit. Achilles, 
 hostem arbitrans adesse, vestem muliebrem dilaniavit atque 
 clipeum et hastam arripuit. Ex hoc est cognitus. 
 
 The participation of Ajax in the embassy is not mentioned 
 save in this passage. 
 
 162. Genetrix Nereia. Thetis, the daughter of Nereus, 
 was the mother of Achilles. 
 
 163. Cultu, 'by his dress.' Achilles was disguised as a 
 virgin. 
 
 166. Projecerat, * had thrown off.' 
 168. For the expression, cf. xii. 309 : 
 
 Ne fuge ! ad Herculeos, inquit, servaberis arcus. 
 
 170. Injeciqae manum. The formal manner of claiming 
 anything as one's own. Cf. Ov. Amor i, 4, 40: Et dicam ) Mea 
 sunt injiciamque mantis. For other technical legal expressions 
 cf. note on line 300. Fortemque ad fortia (sc. gerenda) misi, 
 ' the doughty warrior I sent to doughty deeds.' 
 
 171. 'Therefore his achievements are mine.' Ulysses, having 
 secured the services of Achilles for the Greeks, claims all that 
 hero's achievements as his own. Telephon. Teleplius, king 
 of Mysia, attempting to prevent the landing of the Greeks on 
 the coast of Mysia, was wounded by Achilles, but cured by the 
 latter with the rust of the spear which had inflicted the wound, 
 on his undertaking to guide the Greeks to Troy. 
 
 172. Befeci, ' healed.' Cf. Tac. A. 13, 44 fin. : ex -vulnere 
 refici. 
 
 173. Thebae, i. e. Q-hfii) "tiroir\aitir), a city of Mysia, the 
 birthplace of Andromache and Chryseis, destroyed by Achilles,
 
 NOTES. 09 
 
 174. Cf. Iliad, A 37, sq. : 
 
 K\v6i fj.01 a.pyvp6ro', bs Xp4a"t]v &n<t>t$ffirjKas 
 Ki\\av T aO(i)i>, Tfi>f5oi6 re l<pi avafffffis. 
 
 175. Scyrum, a town in Phrygia, destroyed by Achilles (see 
 Iliad, I 668), to be distinguished from the island of the same 
 name in line 156. 
 
 176. Lyrnesia moenia. Avpvr]ff<r6s, the home of Briseis. 
 Cf. xii. 108 sq. 
 
 177. TJtque, &c., ' to say nothing about others,' sc. whom 
 Achilles slew. 
 
 178. Nempe, ' as everybody knows.' See on line 93. 
 Jacet, ' lies dead.' Cf. Virg. A. I, 99 : Aeacidae telo jacet 
 Hector. 
 
 179 sq. ' I claim these arms on the ground of those by which 
 Achilles was detected. I had given him those while he lived : 
 I demand these in return now that he is dead.' Vivo dede- 
 ram, sc. ilia arnta. Post fata reposco, sc. haec arma. 
 Haec arma = the armour of Achilles now under dispute. 
 Illis armis = the armour which Ulysses had brought into 
 the palace of Lycomedes, and which had led to the detection 
 of Achilles under his disguise. See note on line 162 sq. 
 
 181. Dolor unius, 'the trouble of one,' viz. of Menelaus, 
 on account of the elopement of Helen. Pervenit ad omnes, 
 ' came home to all the Danai.' 
 
 182. Aulis was on the coast of Boeotia, opposite to Chalcis 
 in Euboea. 
 
 183 sq. ' The breezes, though long waited for, either did not 
 blow at all, or blew in opposition to the fleet.' 
 
 184. Durae sortes, ' the cruel oracles.' 
 
 185. Natam, i.e. Iphigenia. 
 
 187. ' And in the king the feelings of the father still survive.' 
 Cf. line 147, where deus is equivalent to ' the blood of the gods,'
 
 70 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 as here pater to ' the feelings of a father.' Cf. also xii. 29 sq. : 
 
 Postquam pietatem publica causa 
 Rexque patrem.vicit, castumque datura cruorem 
 Flentibus ante aram stetit Iphigenia ministris. 
 
 Ego mite, &c., 'I swayed to the public weal the kindly dis- 
 position of the father.' Euripides (Iphigenia in Aulide) gives a 
 different account. He says that Menelaus, not Ulysses, per- 
 suaded Agamemnon to sacrifice his daughter, and Iphigenia 
 was decoyed to Aulis by a letter of Agamemnon, not by the 
 diplomacy of Ulysses. See, however, Iphigenia in Tauris 24 : 
 Ka.1 n' 'OSvffffews Tfx vais M*7 T /'^ S trapei\ovr' eirl yafno 
 
 190. 'I gained this difficult cause before a prejudiced judge,' 
 i. e. before Agamemnon who would not be an impartial judge 
 in a case where the life of his daughter was at stake. Cf. Hor. 
 Ep. I, 16, 43 : quo causae teste tenentur. Cic. Caec. 24, 67 : 
 Scaevolam causam apud centumviros non tenuisse. So causam 
 obtinere, vincere. 
 
 191 sq. Dati summa sceptri, ' the chief command con- 
 ferred on him.' Sceptri ~ imperil, with allusion to Iliad, I 98 : 
 Zfvs yyvd\ifv aKrfirrpov. 
 
 192. Laudem ut cum sanguine penset, ' to weigh renown 
 against the blood of his daughter.' The simple ablative with- 
 out cum is more usual, e* g. Flor. 3, 15, 6 : C. Gracchi caput 
 auro pensatum, weighed against gold, i.e. paid for with its weight 
 in gold. The force of the preposition is, to put renown together 
 with blood in the scales, i. e. in opposite scales. Ulysses urges 
 Agamemnon to allow due weight not only to fatherly affection, 
 but also to the desire of glory. 
 
 193. 'I am sent also to the mother (i.e. Clytaemnestra), who 
 was not to be persuaded, but to be deceived by cunning. 
 Ulysses represented to Clytaemnestra that Agamemnon had 
 betrothed Iphigenia to Achilles, and that for this reason she 
 should be sent to Aulis. See note on line 187. 
 
 194. Telamonius, Ajax. 
 
 195. 'The sails would even now be without their favouring 
 winds.' Cf. Hor. Epod. 9, 30 : Ventis iturus non suis. Virg.
 
 NOTES. 71 
 
 A. 5, 832 : ferunt sua flamina classem. Cic. Mil. 33, 89 : 
 Milone occiso (Clodius) habuisset suos consults, 'consuls after 
 his own heart.' 
 
 196. The mission of Ulysses and Menalaus to Troy to demand 
 the restoration of Helen and the treasure is referred to in Iliad, 
 T 205 sq. and A 122 sq. It was probably at the beginning of 
 the war, while the city was still full of warriors. See next line. 
 
 Altae, 'Annarjjf. 
 
 201. Antenor agreed with Priam that Helen should be re- 
 stored. 
 
 202. Sub illo, under the command of Paris. 
 
 203. One of the companions of Paris suggested violence. 
 See Iliad, A 141 : alOt KaraKre'tva.i yujjS' ^e/tev &^ ^s 'AXOIOVS. 
 
 Nefandas, 'sacrilegious,' because the violence was offered 
 to the sacred person of an ambassador. 
 
 204. ' That was the first day when I shared danger with you.' 
 
 205. Longra referre mora est, ' it would be tedious to re- 
 count.' Latin often uses the indicative where in English the 
 subjunctive or potential is used, e.g. longum est, ' it would be 
 tedious '; satius or melius est, ' it would be better.' 
 
 206. Spatiosi, ' long-continued.' Ovid often uses this ad- 
 jective in reference to time, e.g. nox, Her. I, 9 ; tempus, Am. 
 i, 8, 81 ; aevum, viii. 529; senectus, xii. 186. Other writers 
 use it principally in reference to size. 
 
 207. Post acies primas, ' after the first engagements.' Cf. 
 Pac. ap. Non. 234, 25 : in acie celebri objectans vitam. 
 
 209. Demtun, 'at last.' 
 
 211. Quis tuus usus erat, 'of what service were you' = 
 quern praebuisti usum. Cf. Hor. S. I, I, 73 : 
 
 Nescis quo valeat numus ? quern praebeat usum ? 
 
 Nam. I may fairly ask what your services were, ' for' mine 
 did not cease during this period. 
 
 212. Fossas munimine cingro. In the Iliad this is not 
 recognized as a work of Ulysses.
 
 72 METAMORPHOSES, 
 
 215. Mittor, quo postulat usus. For usus cf. Liv. 26, 43, 
 7 : unde terra marique quae belli usus poscunt suppeditentur. 
 
 216 sq. As narrated in Iliad, B, Jupiter sent to Agamemnon 
 a mischievous dream (ol\os vveipos) holding out hopes of a 
 speedy conquest of Troy. Agamemnon thereupon summoned a 
 meeting of the army, and to test their inclinations, suggested an 
 immediate return to Greece. To his surprise this suggestion was 
 immediately approved, and would have been put into execution 
 had Ulysses not intervened. Ecce Jovis monitu. Bailey says : 
 ' the ancients used to call them moniti somni, in which the gods 
 themselves appeared. So Claudian, concerning the gods : 
 
 Aut alite monstrant, 
 Aut monitos certa dignantur imagine somnos.' 
 
 217. Bex, Agamemnon. 
 
 218. Ille, King Agamemnon. Auctore, Jupiter, by whom 
 he had been admonished in the dream. Suam vocem, ' his 
 proposal,' namely, to give up the war. For vox, meaning 
 ' spoken words,' cf. line 235 and v. 28 : Ferre, quod et meritis 
 et -voce est pactus. It is unnecessary to read causam for vocem, 
 as some editors do. 
 
 219. 'Ajax should not allow this, and should demand the 
 destruction of Troy, and should fight, which is all he can do.' 
 Cf. the words of Ajax in line 10 : 
 
 Sed nee mihi dicere promptum, 
 Nee facere est isti, quantumque ego Marte feroci 
 Inque acie valeo, tantum valet iste loquendo. 
 
 221. 'Why does he not take arms and give an example for the 
 unstable crowd to follow,' not ' give advice for,' &c. (Bailey), 
 as the words arma capit show. 
 
 222. ' This was not too much to expect from one who never 
 spoke save boastfully.' Cf. ix. 31 : Puduit modo magna locu- 
 tum Cedere. Hor. O. 4, 6, I : Magnae -vindicem linguae, ' of a 
 vaunting tongue.' Bailey misses the meaning of the passage in 
 explaining magna loquenti of persuasive eloquence. 
 
 225. Nee mora, 'forthwith,' as often.
 
 NOTES. 73 
 
 226. Concitat, 'moves.' Captam, 'as good as taken.' 
 Referring to the oracle that the war was to terminate in the 
 tenth year. 
 
 228. ' By such and by other words, for which very vexation 
 had rendered me eloquent.' 
 
 229. Aversos, ' with backs already turned in flight ' (from 
 Troy). 
 
 230. Haupt rejects this line as spurious for the following 
 reasons: It was Ulysses, not Agamemnon (Atrides), who con- 
 voked the people on the occasion referred to ; socios is obscure 
 in meaning, and its epithet paventes unsuitable to the situation; 
 the assembly described is assumed in the preceding lines ; the 
 verse is a leonine hexameter, i. e. the end of the line rhymes 
 with the middle. 
 
 231. Telamoniades, TeAa/jowciSfjs, Ajax, the son of Tela- 
 mon. Hiscere quicquam, ' to utter a word.' Cf. Att. Ap. 
 Non. 1 20, 30 : hem vereor, plus quam fas est captivum hiscere. 
 Cic. Phil. 2, 43, III: respondebisne ad haec ? aut omnino 
 hiscere audebis ? 'venture to open your mouth.' It is always 
 used of speaking under some embarrassment. 
 
 232. See Iliad, B 225 sq. 
 
 234. Erigror, 'I rise.' Cf. Quint. 2, 3, 8: statura breves in 
 digitos eriguntur, ' raise themselves on tiptoe.' 
 
 235. Kepono = restituo. Cf. Hor. O. 3, 5, 30: Nee vera 
 virtus, cum semel excidit, Curat reponi deterioribus. 
 
 236. Potest fecisse videri, ' may seem to have done.' 
 
 237. Iste. The term generally applied by the orators to the 
 person against whom they were pleading : here applied by 
 Ulysses to his antagonist Ajax. Qui after meum est, as in Ov. 
 Pont. 3, 4, 91 : 
 
 Nee mea verba legis qui sum submotus ad Istrum. 
 
 238. De Danais quis P ' who of the Danai ? '
 
 74 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 239 sq. In line 100 sq. Ajax had, in disparagement, attributed 
 all Ulysses' achievements to the aid of Diomede. Ulysses 
 replies that to be selected by Diomede as his companion in 
 services of danger was no small honour. Tydides, Diomede. 
 Mecum communicat acta, i. e. me socium sumit actorum. 
 Cf. Iliad, K 242, sq. : 
 
 el (iff ST) era.p6v ye Ke\e6ere /a.' uvrbv f\fff6ai, 
 irOas tiv eireir' 'OSvffrjos eyia Oeioio Ka.Qoifj.tjv, 
 
 piav icpa.8ii) Kal 6u/j.bs ayi)vti>p. 
 
 241. Est aliquid, 'it is something," 'it counts for some- 
 thing,' a litotes meaning 'it counts for a great deal.' Cf. the 
 analogous use of aliquis, Juv. i, 74 : si vis esse aliquis, ' if you 
 wish to be somebody.' So the Greek, ns, Eur. El. 939 : 
 
 243 sq. Sum tamen, &c., 'I, however, both despising the 
 dangers of the night and the enemy, dared the deed, and slew 
 Dolon of the Phrygian nation who made the same daring 
 attempt.' Merkel reads sic instead of sum, and ausum eadem 
 quae nos instead of ausus et ausum eadem : translate, ' in such 
 wise (i. e. without being appointed by the lot as Ajax was, see 
 line 88), however, and despising the perils of the night and the 
 enemy, I slay Dolon, who ventured on the same service as I.' 
 Quae nos, sc. ausi sumus. Dolon was a Trojan who went 
 as spy to the "Greek camp. Homer attributes his death and 
 that of Rhesus to Diomede, not to Ulysses. See loth book of 
 the Iliad, commonly called 
 
 245. Non ante, sc. interemi. 
 
 246. Perfida. Referring to Laomedon's breach of faith 
 towards Apollo, Poseidon, and Hercules. 
 
 247. Nee, quod specularer, habebam, ' nor had I aught 
 else to spy out.' 
 
 248. ' And I might now have returned with the promised 
 renown,' referring to the words of Nestor with regard to who- 
 ever should obtain the required information for the Greeks ; 
 Iliad, K2l2sq. : peya Key ol inrovpdviov K\eo$ eftj vdvras iv 
 avdpwirovs. 
 
 249. Eo, sc. quod omnia cognoram, &*c.
 
 NOTES. 75 
 
 250. Peremi. See note on line 243. 
 
 252. ' I enter (sc. castra, the Grecian camp) in the captured 
 chariot, after the fashion of joyful triumphs.' The comparison 
 with a Roman triumph is suggested by the circumstance that 
 the horses of Rhesus were snowy white, and his chariot richly 
 ornamented. See Iliad, K 437 sq. : 
 
 \evK6repoi -^i&vos, Bfleiv 8' avefnoiffiv ipo'toi, 
 S.pfj.0, 8e of XP vff V Te Ka ^ apyvpV ^ tfffKrircu. 
 
 Captivus is often applied to inanimate things, e. g. Virg. A. 
 2, 765 : capti-vaque vestis. Imitante. Cf. the similar use in 
 Juv. 7, 42 : 
 
 In qua (sc. domo) sollicitas imitatur janua portas, 
 
 resembles.' ii. 2 : flammas imitante pyropo. Hor. Ep. 2, I, 
 207 : 
 
 Lana Tarentino violas imitata veneno. 
 
 253 sq. Ulysses says ironically : ' Refuse me the armour of 
 him (sc. Achilles) whose horses an enemy (sc. Dolon) had de- 
 manded as his reward for a night's service.' Dolon undertook 
 to go as a spy to the Greek camp on condition of receiving the 
 horses of Achilles as his reward. See Iliad, K 321 sq. : 
 
 &AA' &ye fJ.oi rb ffKr/irrpov avd<rxfo, Kai /uot 6/j.offffov 
 
 J5 fJ/tyV TOVS 'IwiTOVS Tf KO.I Sip/AdTa TTOllti\a 
 
 <f>opeov<rn> afj.vf 
 
 Fueritque benigrnior, &c., ' and Ajax will have been more 
 liberal ' (towards me), for Ajax had in Mne 102 assented (ironi- 
 cally) to giving Ulysses a share of the arms. The imperative 
 negate takes the place of a conditional sentence, as in xii. 400 : 
 da colla caputque Castore dignus erit. 
 
 255 sq. Sarpedon, a Lycian prince, who had come as an 
 auxiliary to the Trojans, being wounded by Tlepolemus, was 
 obliged to leave the fight. Many of his followers were there- 
 upon slain by Ulysses, as narrated in Iliad, 677 sq. : 
 
 K;/9' 8 76 Koipavov efAev 'A\dffTopd re 
 *A\Kta>$p6v 0'"A\i6v rt No^/uova re npvTavii> rf.
 
 76 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 256. Cum, the conjunction. Multo sanguine, ablative of 
 mode. 
 
 257. The addition of the epithet Iphitides seems to rest only 
 on the authority of Ovid. 
 
 258. This line is found word for word in Virg. A. 9, 767. 
 The lengthening of que by arsis is an imitation of the Greek, 
 and is found for the most part in the second or fifth foot of the 
 Hexameter, and before another word with que. Cf. i. 193 ; 
 iii. 530; iv. 10. ; v. 484, &c. 
 
 259 sq. The warriors here named were slain by Ulysses in 
 the affair referred to in line 71. See Iliad, A 422 sq. : 
 
 avrcip fTreira 6a>va Kal "Evvofi.ov 4fvdpil-tj', 
 
 X.fptrio'd.ft.a.vTa 8' eiretra .... 
 
 ....88' &p' 'linra.<riSr)v Xdpoir' ooraere Sovpt. 
 
 Ovid seems to have confused together the Trojan Ennomus and 
 the Mysian of the same name mentioned in Iliad, B 858 sq., 
 whose skill in augury failed to avert death (a.\\' OVK oluvoitnv 
 
 fpvffffa.ro KTJpa /ne\a.Lvav}. 
 
 261. Quique minus celebres = et alios minus celebres, qui. 
 
 262. Et to be taken with vulnera, ' I have wounds too.' 
 
 263. Ipso pulchra loco, i.e. the wounds were in front, not 
 in the back, and therefore received in honourable combat, not in 
 flight. For a similar appeal see Sallust, Jug. 85, where Marius 
 says : Non possum fidei caussa imagines neque triumphos, aut 
 consulatus majorum meorum ostentare ; at, si res postulet, 
 hastas, vexillum, phaleras, alia militaria dona ; praeterea, 
 cicatrices ad-verso corpore. Nee vanis credits verbis, with, 
 reference to the insinuation of Ajax, line 9 : 
 
 Tutius est igitur fictis contendere verbis. 
 Nee = nee solum. 
 
 265. Ait, a dissyllable. In this word a and i are usually 
 pronounced as two letters if the i is followed by a consonant ; 
 otherwise ai are treated as a diphthong, as in aiebam.
 
 NOTES. 77 
 
 266 sq. Nil inpendit . . . sanguinis in socios, ' has ex- 
 pended no blood on his companions in arms.' Cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 
 4, 30, 68 : ut operam, curam, pecuniam impendant in eas 
 res. 
 
 268 sq. Ulysses proceeds to show that the rescue of the fleet, 
 for which Ajax (in line 91 sq.) claims credit, was equally 
 due to the exertions of others. Distinguish refert and refert. 
 Pelasga, Grecian. 
 
 270. Mali&ne, ' spitefully,' often also 'stingily,' as in Hor. 
 Ep. 2, i, 209 ; laudare maligne, 'damn with faint praise.' 
 
 271 sq. Detractare, 'depreciate,' lit. pull down with violence, 
 lower in estimation. Cf. v. 246: Detrectas etiam laudem. Sed 
 ne, &c., 'but let him not engross to himself what is joint 
 property.' For communia, see note on line 239 : communicat 
 acta. Cf. i. 135 sq. : 
 
 Communemque prius ceu lumina solis et auras 
 Cautus humum longo signavit limite mensor. 
 
 Aliquem, emphatic, as in iv. 536 : aliqua et mihi gratia 
 ponto est. 
 
 273. Actorides, i.e. Patroclus, the grandson of Actor, to 
 whom Achilles lent his armour. See Iliad, n 124 sq. Rep- 
 pulit is emphatic, the sense being Ajax, indeed, fought in 
 defence of the ships, but it was Patroclusjwho drove back the 
 Trojans. 
 
 274. Ab arsuris, &c., ' from the ships which were in danger 
 of being burned together with their defender (Ajax).' 
 
 275. sq See note on line 87. 
 
 276. Agamemnon and six other heroes, besides Ulysses and 
 Ajax, volunteered to encounter Hector. 
 
 277 ' Though he was but ninth (last of nine) in offering his 
 service, and was preferred by the favour of the lot. According 
 to Iliad, H 168, Ulysses himself was the ninth, while Ajax was 
 third. Siebelis, however, thinks nonus means ' one (not neces- 
 sarily the last) of nine,'
 
 78 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 278. Eventus, ' result.' Cf. Cic. de Or. 2, 15, 63 : in 
 
 rebus magnis memoriaque dignis consilia primum, deinde acta, 
 postea eventus exspectantur. Vestrae, i.e. of Aj ax and Hector, 
 not, of course, for tuus. Fortissime, 'my brave warrior.' 
 Ironical. 
 
 279. Hector abit. Merkel reads est Hector. Violatus 
 vulnere nullo. Homer, on the contrary, says Hector received 
 a slight wound. See Iliad, H 260 sq. 
 
 280 sq. ' Woe is me ! With what pain am I compelled 
 to recall the time when Achilles, the bulwark of the Greeks, 
 fell ! ' 
 
 Me miserum. Roby observes that such accusatives in ex- 
 clamations are really governed by some verb understood. The 
 particular verb is often quite unimportant, and probably not 
 distinctly conceived. The substantive has usually an oblique 
 predicate. Memini properly governs a gen. when it means 
 ' call to mind,' an ace. when it means ' bear in mind,' as may 
 be seen by comparing the present passage with Cic. Plane. 33 : 
 Qui sunt boni cives, nisiqui patriaebeneficia meminerunt? 
 
 281. Graium (genitive) murus, imitation of epicos, vvpyos 
 'AXCUW*'. 
 
 283. Humo sublime. Sublime, as distinguished from sub- 
 latum, denotes a continued state : see Cic. Tusc. I, 102 : Theo- 
 dori quidem nihil interest humine an sublime putescat. 
 
 284. The Aethiopis of Arctinus described the fight over the 
 body of Achilles, but represented it as having been carried off 
 by Ajax, not Ulysses (Haupt). Dryden translates this pas- 
 sage : 
 
 'Those arms, which on these shoulders then I bore, 
 'Tis just you to these shoulders should restore ; 
 You see I want not nerves, who could sustain 
 The ponderous ruins of so great a man ; 
 Or if in others equal force you find, 
 None is endued with a more grateful mind.' 
 
 285. ' And I carried (on my shoulders) at the same time the 
 weapons, which now also I am anxious to carry off' (i. e. win).
 
 NOTES. 79 
 
 Observe the play on the t-<ro meanings offero, and for the latter 
 of them cf. Hor. A. P. 343 : 
 
 Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci. 
 For laboro cf. Hor. Ep. I, 3, I sq. : 
 
 Juli Flore, quibus terrarum militet oris 
 Claudius Augusti privignus, scire laboro. 
 
 286 sq. Ulysses replies to the allegation of Ajax in lines 
 103-119, that he would be unable to use the armour. 
 
 286. ' I have strength sufficiently robust for such a weight.' 
 
 287. ' I have at any rate a heart that will be sensible of (know 
 how to value) the honours you confer.' 
 
 288. Scilicet, ' of course ' : used when an assertion that is 
 obviously false is ironically made, or accepted as true. Caerula 
 mater, the sea-goddess Thetis, who was mother of Achilles, 
 and besought Vulcan to supply her son with armour. See 
 Iliad, 2 457 sq. 
 
 rovvfKa vvv TCI ffh yovva.0' iKa.vnfj.cu, ft K 46e\riffda 
 vlft tfiy wKVfj.6pcp So/xev affiriSa Kal rpv<j)d\fiav, K. r. \. 
 
 Cf. note on line 962. 
 
 289. Ambitiosa tu.it = ambut, ' begged fawningly, urgently': 
 cf. Ov. Pont. 3, i, 83 sq. : 
 
 Sed tamen hoc factis adjunge prioribus unum, 
 - Pro nostris ut sis ambitiosa malis. 
 
 290. Sine pectore, ' without intelligence ' or ' judgment ' 
 = excors. Cf. line 326. Siebelis explains ' without a sense of 
 the beautiful.' 
 
 291. Clipei caelamina, 'the subjects engraved on his shield.' 
 Lewis and Short say the word caelamen was probably formed 
 by Ovid. 
 
 293. Pleiadas, called Vergiliae by the Romans, were the 
 daughters of Atlas and Pleione. The name is derived by 
 some from irAe'w, as the opening and close of navigation was 
 marked by their rising and setting. Another etymology makes 
 them doves (ve\eidSts) flying before the hunter Orion. Hyadas,
 
 8o METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 sisters of the Pleiades. The Romans called them Suculae, 
 piglings, as if the name were derived from vs. The true 
 etymology is uo>, as their rising marks the beginning of the 
 rainy season. Their number is commonly said to be seven, 
 the same as that of the Pleiades. Inmunemque aequoris 
 Arcton, because never sinking below the horizon in our 
 hemisphere. Cf. Od. e 275 : 
 
 oft; 5' afj.fj.op6s effTi \otrpuiv 'flKfavoio. 
 
 294. Diversasque urbes, ' and the two different cities ' 
 If the reading of the text be correct, diversas refers to the fact 
 that one of the cities is enjoying peace while the other is in a 
 state of siege. Cf Suet. Aug. 86 ; Cacozelos et antiquarios, ut 
 diverso genere vifiosos, pari fastidio sprevit. Haupt conjectures 
 diversosque orbes or diversosque polos, ' the opposite poles.' 
 There is much weight in his objection that Ulysses would have 
 been very unlikely to deny Ajax the power of understanding 
 what was represented by the two cities, and that the mention 
 of the cities is very awkwardly introduced in the midst of a list 
 of constellations. It is to be observed that while the earth, the 
 heavens, the sea, and the several constellations that are named 
 in the original Greek (quoted below) are reproduced in the text, 
 there is no counterpart for the words 
 
 'Ht\i6v r' ajcd.fj.avra ~S,e\T)vt}v Tf ir\4\Qovaa.v. 
 
 If, therefore, dmerso.s orbes could mean ' the different orbs of 
 the sun and moon,' it would fall in well with the context. Orbis 
 is used of the disc of the moon, vii. 530 sq. : 
 
 Dumque quater junctis implevit cornibus orbem 
 Luna, quater plenum tenuata retexuit orbem ; 
 
 and of the sun, Virg. G. i, 458 sq. . 
 
 At si, cum referetque diem condetque relatum, 
 Lucidus orbis erit, frustra terrebere nimbis. 
 
 This whole passage is an imitation of Iliad, 2 483 : 
 
 %v fiikv yalav e reuf, i> 8' ovpavbv, 
 
 'Hf\t6v T a.Ka./u.avra SeA.Tjv?)!' Tf ir\-f)doutfav, 
 
 v Se ra Tfipea iravra rd T' ovpavbs earf^dvc 
 
 IlATji'aSay 0' TaSav Tf T& Tf ffdtvos 'flplcavos 
 
 "ApKTov 9', fyv Kal a/na^av firiK\t)<nv K.aL\eov<nv, 
 
 f) T' aiiTov <TTpe<peTai Kai T' 'flpiiava 
 
 oft? 5' afj./j.opos 4ffTi \oeTpwv 'fiKfavoto.
 
 NOTES. 8 1 
 
 Siebelis reads Diversasque feras, the various signs of the 
 zodiac, as in ii. 78, 194 ; but the expressions in these passages 
 are formas ferarum, simulacra ferarum, which hardly justify 
 the use of feras here. Zingerle adopts Schenkl's conjecture, 
 ursas instead of urbes ; this, however, seems improbable after 
 Arcton in the preceding line. After all, urbes may be right, for 
 the description of the cities immediately follows the passage I 
 have quoted above from the Iliad. 
 
 295. Arma, quae non intellect = arma, quorum caela- 
 mina non intellegit. This line, which seems a mere repetition 
 of 291, is rejected by Bentley. 
 
 296 sq. These lines are the answer to the charges made by 
 Ajax in line 36 sq. Munera belli, ' duties of war.' 
 
 297. Labori. Used of war, like ir6vos. 
 
 298. Ulysses insinuates that Achilles was as reluctant to take 
 part in the war as himself. See line 162. 
 
 299. Ambo, ' both alike.' The difference between ambo and 
 uterque appears clearly by comparing two passages in Livy, 3, 
 31, in both of which the same persons are spoken of. Ambo 
 (both together), consules, cum exercitu missi, hostem in sua sede 
 in Algido inveniunt : .... Uterque (each of them separately) 
 magnapatrum indignatione damnatus, Romilius decem millibus 
 aeris, Veturius quindecim. 
 
 300. Si mora, &c. , ' if delay is criminal.' Mora and c ulpa are 
 technical legal terms, which would be familiar to Ovid, as he had 
 been successively one of the Triumviri Capitales, oftheCentum- 
 viri, and of the Decemviri. Maturior, ' 1 am earlier than he,' 
 i.e. I was at the seat of war earlier. 
 
 301. Pia, 'devoted, affectionate, fond.' 
 
 302. 'And the first years were given to them (i.e. by 
 Ulysses to his wife, by Acnilles to his motner), the rest to 
 you.' 
 
 303. Si jam, &c., 'even if 1 cannot,' &c., 'if it conies to 
 this that I cannot,' &c. Crimen cum tanto commune viro, 
 ' a charge shared with so great a man,' sc. as Achilles. For 
 
 F
 
 82 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 the construction cf. Sail. C. 1,2: alterum nobis cum dis, 
 alterum cum beluis commune est. For the idea cf. Cic. Tusc. I, 
 X 7i 39: errare mehercule malo cum Platone, quam cum istis 
 vera s entire. 
 
 305. Ille, AchUles. 
 
 306. In me. Emphatic, in contrast with vobis quoque in the 
 next line. 
 
 307. Digna pudore, ' shameful imputations.' 
 
 310. Naupliades, Palamedes : see line 39. 
 
 ' If Palamede unjustly fell by me, 
 Your honour suffered in the unjust decree.' 
 
 DRYDEN. 
 
 311. Patens, 'evident, manifest,- as inix. 537: Nee causa 
 suspiria mota patenti. In illo, ' in his case.' 
 
 312. Praestoque objecta patebant, ' and (the charges, sc. 
 crimina = criminatio) being presented before you were evident.' 
 Praesto is Merkel's emendation for pretio, and is to be joined 
 with objecta, as in praesto video, praesto adesse ; cf. also visum 
 objectum, species objecta in Cicero. IS pretio be retained, the 
 meaning is ' and by the bribe (i. e. the gold found in the tent of 
 Palamedes) the charges I brought were plainly established,' 
 objecta being somewhat harshly equivalent to quae ei objeceram. 
 
 313. Vulcania Lemnos. Lemnos was sacred to Vulcan, 
 who is said to have fallen there when Zeus hurled him down 
 from Olympus. It bears marks of volcanic action, though its 
 volcano (VLoffvx*-os) is now extinct. 
 
 318 sq. Non haec, &c., ' this advice was not only given in 
 good faith, but was fortunate too, although it was enough that 
 it should be in good faith.' With Jidelem understand senten- 
 tiam. 
 
 320. "Vates, Calchas and Helenus. 
 
 321. 'Do not entrust me with the mission : Ajax will better 
 go,' &c. Ironical allusion to Ajax lacking eloquence (eloquium) 
 and tact (callidus arte).
 
 NOTES. 83 
 
 323. Producet, 'entice him from his retreat.' Cf. Petr. 
 126 : dominant producit e latebris. 
 
 324. Similar illustrations to express impossibility are frequent 
 both in Latin and Greek authors, e.g. xiv. 37 sq. ; Ov. Pont. 
 4, 5, 41 sq. ; Eur. Med. 409. Observe here how the language 
 is adapted to the special surroundings of the speaker, the Simois 
 and Ida being in the immediate neighbourhood. 
 
 325. For stare used of a mountain, cf. Hor. O. I, 9, I : Vides 
 
 ut alta stet ni-ve candidum Soracte. 
 
 326. Cessante, &c., ' my judgment proving remiss for your 
 interests.' Pectus is often used for the seat of the understand- 
 ing as well as of the affections. Cf. line ago and Plaut. Trin. 
 *> 2 > 53 : haben tu amicum quoi pectus sapiat ? Also xv. 63 : 
 oculis pectoris , ' the mind's eye.' 
 
 328. Licet, 'although.' Sociis, 'thy comrades.' Regi, 
 Agamemnon. 
 
 329. Exsecrere. Referring to line 48. 
 
 330. Devoveas, 'devote to the infernal gods,' i.e., curse. 
 Cf. Ov. Fast. 6, 738 : 
 
 Devovit iiatum credulus ille suum. 
 
 331. Tibi, ' into your power.' Nostrum = meum. See 
 my note on Calpurnius I, 14. 
 
 332. This line is rejected by Haupt. The words form an 
 anticlimax to haurire cruorem. It is awkward to introduce ut 
 after cupias, seeing that the construction with the infinitive has 
 occurred twice in the preceding line ; and finally ut would have 
 to be translated twice in different senses : ' and that as I had 
 power over you, so you should have power over me.' The line 
 seems to be a reminiscence of iii. 391 : 
 
 Ante, ait, emoriar, quam sit tibi copia nostri. 
 If it be retained it should doubtless, as Gierig observes, be 
 placed after the line te tamen adgrediar, &c. 
 
 333. For the fulfilment ot the promise here given, see line 
 399 sq. Instead of mecumque reducere nitar, a marginal note in 
 some good MSS. gives longe formidine pulsa. 
 
 F 2
 
 84 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 334 sq. ' I shall as surely, if only fortune favour me, make 
 myself master of your arrows, as I did of the Dardanian seer 
 whom I took captive.' Dardanio vate. Helenus : see line 
 99. 
 
 337. Signum penetrale Minervae. The Palladium. For 
 penetrale, adj. (the statue in the recesses of the temple), cf. 
 Virg. A. 2, 297 : 
 
 Aeternumque adytis effert penetralibus ignem. 
 
 388. Conferat. Merkel reads comparat ; but conferat is 
 supported by line 6 : et mecum confertur Ulixts ? 
 
 339. This line contains Ulysses' answer to line 93, note on 
 which see for meaning of nempe. Illo. The Palladium. 
 
 844. Sua aede, ' from her temple.' 
 
 347. ' Would have wielded with his left hand the seven ox- 
 hides ' (which composed his shield). Cf. line 2. In Virg. A. 
 i , 368, the form tergum is used of an ox-hide : 
 
 Taurino quantum possent circumdare tergo. 
 G-estare = VM/JI.UV. 
 
 848. Ilia nocte, sc. qua rapui signum Minervae. Mihi 
 Trojae, &c., 'the victory over Troy (objective genitive) was 
 won by me.' 
 
 349. ' I conquered Troy when I made it conquerable.' 
 
 350 sq. ' Cease pointing out my friend Diomede to me by 
 looks and whispers;, he has his own share of credit.' In illo. 
 In Diomede (Tydides) : some editions read in illis, ' those 
 achievements have their own degree of credit,' which would 
 refer to the exploits performed by Ulysses and Diomede 
 together. See line 102. 
 
 354. Minor em, ' inferior.' 
 
 356. ' Would himself too be a competitor for the armour.'
 
 NOTES. 85 
 
 Moderatior, 'the less presumptuous Ajax,' i.e. Ajax the 
 son of Oileus.. For moderatior, cf. xiv. 617 sq. : 
 
 Remulus maturior annis 
 Fulmineo periit, imitator fulminis, ictu, 
 Fratre suo sceptrum moderatior Acrota forti 
 Tradit Aventino. 
 
 Acrota was less presumptuous than his brother Remulus, who 
 dared to imitate the thunderbolt. 
 
 357. Eurypylus, son of Euaemon and Ops. Andraemone 
 natus, Thoas. 
 
 358. Patria eadem, Crete. 
 
 359. Majoris frater Atridae, brother of Agamemnon, i.e. 
 Menelaus. Cf. xii. 618 : 
 
 Non minor Atrides, non bello major et aevo 
 Poscere. 
 
 860 sq. ' Since they are brave in action, and not inferior to 
 me in war, it was to my superiority in counsel that they yielded. 
 Your right hand is serviceable in war : it is your mind requires 
 my guidance. You have physical strength without judgment ; 
 I have foresight for the future.' 
 
 366. Anteit, dissyllable. 
 
 368 sq. Nee non in corpore nostro, &c., 'in like manner, 
 in the frame of us men, the understanding has the advantage 
 over physical strength : all energy lies in it.' Corpus here 
 seems to be used in a wider sense than in line 365, where it is 
 opposed to the mind (animus). 
 
 370. Vigrili, substantive. ' Your watchman ' : DRYDEN. 
 
 371. Quibus anxius egi, sc. aevum. 'During which I 
 lived in anxiety.' Cf. Tac. A. 3, 38 : Thracia discors agebat. 
 Gierig reads curis quas instead of euro, quibus. Curam agere 
 occurs Liv. 8, 3, 8 : Romani tanquam de Samnitibus non de se 
 curam agerent. For the rare ablative of time throughout which, 
 see Roby, 1184, 1185. Mr. Purser regards guibusas an instru- 
 mental ablative.
 
 86 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 372. ' Grant this renown (i. e. of obtaining the arms of 
 Achilles) in requital for my services.' Cf. iv. 645 : hunc praedae 
 titulum Jove natus habebit, i. e. ' the renown of obtaining this 
 booty.' Meritis pensanduni nostris. To be put in the 
 scale against my services : cf. line 192. Seut. Aug. 25 : Nam 
 minima commoda non minimo sectantis discrimine similes aiebat 
 esse aureo hamo piscantibus, cujus dbrupti damnum nulla 
 captura pensari posset. 
 
 373. Jam labor, &c., ' our toil is now drawing to a close.' 
 
 Obstantia fata. Troy could not be taken as long as the 
 Palladium remained with the Trojans. Cf. line 339. 
 
 374. Cf. line 349. 
 
 375. Spes socias, ' our common hopes,' ' the hopes we 
 share.' 
 
 876. Deos, the Palladium. 
 
 378. ' If yet some desperate action rests behind 
 
 That asks high conduct and a dauntless mind." 
 
 DRYDEN. 
 
 379. This line is rejected by Haupt as spurious, on account 
 of the end of the line rhyming with the middle, a characteristic 
 of medieval Latinity (cf. line 230, 461, and my note on Ov. 
 Pont, i, i, 44), and as being a frigid repetition of the sense of 
 the preceding lines. 
 
 381. Huic, i. e. the Palladium, to which he points as he uses 
 the word. Cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, i, I : lucescithocjam, ' it is getting 
 light there,' i. e. in the sky, to which the speaker points. 
 
 Fatale, 'fate-fraught,' on which depended the destiny of 
 Troy, not ' deadly,' as Lewis and Short explain. 
 
 382. Manus, ' the band of chiefs.' 
 
 385. TJnam non sustinet iram, ' anger alone he cannot 
 withstand.' 
 
 386. Observe the alliteration. 
 
 388. ' This, he says, I must use against myself.' 
 889. Domini, 'its owner.' Cf. line 2,
 
 NOTES. 87 
 
 391 sq. ' He said, and plunged his deadly sword, the whole 
 length of the blade, into his breast, which then, and not till then, 
 received a wound.' Ensem. qua patuit ferrum. Cf. the 
 somewhat analogous construction, Virg. A. 4, 193 : 
 
 Nunc hiemem inter se luxu, quam longa, fovere, 
 ' the winter, through all its length' : ib. 8, 86 : 
 
 Thybris ea fluvium, quam longa est, nocte tumentem 
 Leniit, 
 
 ' the night through all its length.' Soph. Ajax, 899 : 
 
 393. Educere, ' to draw out.' Cr. Virg. A. IO, 744 : hoc 
 
 dicens eduxit corf ore telum. 
 
 394. ' The blood itself forced it out.' 
 
 395 sq. The flower referred to is the hyacinth, which in x. 
 162 sq. is said to have sprung from the blood of Hyacinthus. 
 Hyacinthus is here regarded as son of Oebalus, but in x. 162, 
 as son of Amyclas. 
 
 397. ' In the middle of the leaves is inscribed a letter common 
 to the boy (Hyacinthus) and the man (Ajax), in the one case 
 standing for the name, in the other for the cry of woe.' The 
 letters referred to are A I, said to be traceable in the veins or 
 fibres of the hyacinth. The construction of the last words seems 
 to be the latter letter = the letter in the case of the man, be- 
 longs to the name (viz. Alas) ; the former letter = the letter in 
 the case of the boy, belongs to the cry of woe (aT a!) uttered by 
 Apollo when Hyacinthus died. For the singular littera used 
 of the diphthong AI, cf. x. 215 sq. : 
 
 Ipse suos gemitus foliis inscribit, et AI AI 
 
 Flos habet inscriptum, funestaque littera ducta est. 
 
 The hyacinth here spoken of, as Lewis and Short observe, 
 is not the flower to which we apply that name, but the blue 
 iris (Iris Germanica), the corn-flag or gladiolus (Gladiolus com- 
 munis), or the rocket larkspur (Delphinium Ajacis). The last- 
 named plant is said by Siebelis to have on its leaves a border 
 A I A which might easily give rise to the fable. 
 
 399-575. The transformation of Hecuba into a dog. 
 Hecuba, the wife of Priam, fell to the share of Ulysses in the 
 division of the booty after the capture of Troy. Her daughter
 
 88 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 Polyxena was sacrificed to appease the shade of Achilles, and 
 her son Polydorus was murdered for his money by Polymestor, 
 king of Thrace, to whose care he had been entrusted by Priam. 
 To avenge this treacherous murder, Hecuba induced Polymestor 
 to come to an interview, at which, with the assistance of other 
 Trojan captives, she tore out his eyes. She was thereupon turned 
 into a dog while flying from the Thracians, who pursued her 
 with stones and other missiles. 
 
 The subject, which is unknown to Homer, was treated in the 
 'I\tov irepffis of Arctinus. Ovid has drawn largely on the Euri- 
 pidean dramas 'Erea^Tj and TpipaSes. Seneca treated of the 
 same subject in his Troades or Hecuba, and Theorus represented 
 it pictorially on the walls of the Porticus Philippi at Rome. 
 
 Haupt brackets as doubtful lines 404-407, 409-417, for the 
 following reasons : Priam's death is mentioned twice lines 
 404 and 409 ; Hecuba's transformation, described in line 567, is 
 anticipated in lines 404-407 ; the carrying off of the prisoners is 
 described in lines 412 sq. and 420 sq. ; post omnia in line 405 is 
 obscure ; the connexion between lines 407 and 408, 408 and 409, 
 414 and 415, is not apparent. 
 
 399. Ulysses being victorious in the contest for the arms, 
 goes to Lemnos, in fulfilment of his promise in line 333, to 
 fetch Philoctetes. 
 
 When the Lemnian women killed all the men in the island, 
 Hypsipyle saved the life of her father Thoas by concealing him. 
 This event was prior to the Argonautic expedition, and when 
 Jason touched at the island Hypsipyle was queen. 
 
 400. ' Lands notorious for the murder of husbands in former 
 times.' Cf. Virg. A. 6, 527 : (sperans) famam exstingui 
 veterum sic posse malorum, ' crimes in former times' ; ib. 449 : 
 in veterem revoluta figurant, 
 
 401. Tirynthia tela, the arrows of Hercules, who was 
 brought up at Tiryns in Argolis. 
 
 402. Domino comitante, ' their owner (Philoctetes) accom- 
 panying them.' Cf. line 2 : clipei dominus septemplicis. 
 
 403. ' At length the finishing touch was given to the war.' 
 Cf. Virg. A. 7, 572 : 
 
 Nee minus interea extremam Saturnia bello 
 Imponit regina manum.
 
 NOTES. 89 
 
 404. Priameia conjunx, Hecuba. 
 
 405. Postomnia=postquamomniaperdidit : Siebelis. Aftei 
 Hecuba had lost everything else, she lost also the human form. 
 
 406. Externas, i.e. Thracian, not Trojan. Cynossema (Kwbs 
 tnjjua), Hecuba's tomb, was in the south of the Thracian Cher- 
 sonesus. Merkel reads auras instead of oras. Novo, ' unknown 
 to them,' such as they had never heard before. Cf. i. 310: 
 
 ' Pulsabantque novi montana cacumina fluctus. 
 
 407. In angrustum clauditur, ' narrows in.' Hellespon- 
 tus. For the spondee in the fifth foot cf. line 684. It is 
 found chiefly in proper names and at the close of a sentence. 
 In almost every case of its occurrence the line ends with a word 
 of four syllables, and the fourth foot is a dactyl. Such a line 
 asi. 117 : 
 
 Perque hiemes aestusque et inaequales autumnos, 
 where the last word is a trisyllable and the fourth foot a 
 spondee, is very rare. 
 
 409. Exigamm cruorem, 'scant blood.' Cf. vii. 315: 
 exiguo maculorvit sanguine ferrum. The old have little blood. 
 Priam was killed by Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, at the altar 
 of his house, as described in Virg. A. 2, 507 sq. 
 
 410. Antistita Phoebi. Cassandra, daughter of Priam, who 
 received the gift of prophecy from Apollo, was torn from the 
 shrine of Minerva by Ajax, son of Oileus. See Virg. A. 2, 403 sq.: 
 
 Ecce trahebatur passis Priameia virgo 
 
 Crinibus a templo Cassandra adytisque Minervae 
 
 Ad coelum tendens ardentia lumina frustra. 
 
 411. Profecturas, from proficio, 'unavailing hands.' Dis- 
 tinguish prbfecturus. 
 
 412. Dardanidas xnatres, ' the Trojan matrons.' For the 
 description cf. Virg. A. 2, 515 sq. Signa, ' statues.' 
 
 413. Cf. Virg. A. 2, 489 sq. : 
 
 Turn pavidae tectis matres ingentibus errant 
 Amplexaeque tenent postes atque oscula figunt. 
 
 414. Invidiosa, ' exciting envy,' ' enviable.' Cf. ix. 9 sq. : 
 
 Quondam pulcherrima virgo 
 Multorumque fuit spes invidiosa procorum. 
 Simmons, however, after R. Ellis, explains 'pitiful' or 'odious,' 
 i.e. rousing pity and indignation in the onlookers.
 
 go METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 415. Astyanax, son of Hector and Andromache, after the 
 taking of Troy, was hurled from the walls by Ulysses that he 
 might not restore the kingdom. Cf. Seneca, Troad. 1081 sq. 
 
 416. Pro se, i. e. for Astyanax. Proavita, 'ancestral': lit. 
 belonging to his great-grandfather, i. e. Laomedon. 
 
 418. Boreas. The north wind would be favourable for the 
 return to Greece. Secundo, 'favourable.' 
 
 419. Carbasa mota sonant, 'the sails flap.' Carbasus, 
 f. sing. ; carbasa, n. pi., properly ' fine linen,' then used in the 
 sense of ' sails' as we use ' canvas.' 
 
 421. Patriae fumantia tecta, 'the smoking houses of their 
 native city.' For this use of f atria cf. Virg. A. 2, 241 : 
 
 O patria, O divum domus Ilium, et inclita bello 
 Moem'a Dardanidum ! 
 
 423. Hecabe. Merkel reads Hecuba, and inserts est after it, 
 in order to avoid lengthening the final a. The Greek form is, 
 however, doubtless correct. Cf. iv. 542 : Leucothee. 
 
 425. Dulichiae manus, the hands of Ulysses. Cf. line 107. 
 
 Tamen unius, &c., ' yet of one, namely, Hector, she col- 
 lected the ashes, and having collected them, bore them with her 
 in her bosom.' The i in alterius is usually short (Plautus and 
 Terence sometimes make it long), in alius (gen. contraction of 
 ali-ius) always long; in other genitives in ius common. Haurire 
 = to dig up, to pick up, to gather up. Cf. viii. 538 : 
 
 Post cinerem, cineres haustos ad pectora pressant, 
 
 ' after burning the corpse (sc. of Meleager), they scrape up, col- 
 lect, the ashes and press them to their breasts.' xiv. 136 : 
 ego pulveris hausti Ostendi cumulum, ' a heap of dust scraped 
 
 together.' xi. 185 sq : humum effodit terraeque in- 
 
 murmurat haustae, ' the ground dug up.' Cf. line 526 : haustus 
 harenae, ' a handful of sand.' 
 
 427. Canum de vertice crinem, ' a grey lock of hair from 
 her head.' Cf. iii. 506, and Od. 5 197 sq. : 
 
 Tovr6 vv KO! yepas vilov 6'i^vpo'tffi ;8poTO?<r(, 
 re n6fj.r)V &a\ffiv r' etorb Sditpv
 
 NOTES. gj 
 
 428. Inferias inopes, ' poor offering to the shades.' 
 
 429. sq. ' There is opposite Phrygia, where Troy stood, a land 
 inhabited by Bistonians,' viz. Thrace. 
 
 432. Phrygriis ab armis, from the wars in Phrygia, i.e. the 
 Troad. According to Iliad, T 407, Polydorus was slain by 
 Achilles. Ovid follows the version of Euripides. 
 
 433 sq. 'A prudent plan, had he not sent with him a reward 
 for treachery, namely, great wealth, an incentive to a covetous 
 mind.' Cf. ix. 133 : 
 
 Dat munus raptae velut inritamen amoris, 
 ' an incentive to love,' ' love charm.' 
 
 436. Rex Thracum, Polymestor. Thrax = Thracian. Threx 
 or Thraex= a gladiator equipped in the Thracian fashion. 
 
 Jugruloque, &c., 'and plunged it into the throat of his ward, 
 foster-son.' Jugulo is dative, as in iii. 694 sq. : 
 
 cruciataque diris 
 Corpora tormentis Stygiae demittite nocti. 
 
 Cf. xii. 276 sq. : 
 
 sonum dedit, ut dare ferrum 
 Igne rubens plerumque solet, quod forcipe curva 
 Cum faber eduxit, lacubus demittit. 
 
 438. 'He threw the lifeless Polydore from a rock into the 
 waves which lay beneath.' 
 
 439. Religarat, ' had moored.' Atrides, Agamemnon. 
 
 441. Ovid follows Euripides in making the appearance of the 
 shade of Achilles take place in Thrace, while the older tradition, 
 as found in the 'U/ou ire/urn and vAffroi, represents it as prior to 
 the departure of the fleet from Trojan land. Quantus cum 
 viveret esse solebat, ' life size.' Haupt regards the some- 
 what obscure esse solebat = erat as one of the expressions which, 
 in the latter books of the Metamorphoses, indicate the want of 
 a final revision. 
 
 442. Similisque minanti, 'like one threatening.' Cf. 
 Hor. S. 2, 5, 92 : multum similis ntetuenti.
 
 02 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 443 sq. ' He exhibited again the stern countenance of that 
 time when he angrily assailed Agamemnon with lawless sword.' 
 Referring to the quarrel between Agamemnon and Achilles 
 about Briseis, described in the first book of the Iliad, when it 
 was only by the intervention of Minerva that Achilles was 
 restrained from drawing his sword. Referebat. Cf. Juv. i, 
 66 : multum referens de Maecenate supino, ' strongly recalling 
 the lazy Maecenas.' 
 
 444. Petiit, an instance of the retention of the naturally long 
 quantity of the last syllable, Cf. abiit, i. 114; adiit, ix. 611 ; 
 interii\., iii. 546. 
 
 446. Obruta, 'buried.' Virtutis gratia, 'gratitude for my 
 valour.' 
 
 447. Ne facite. Cf. xv. 140. This construction is almost 
 confined to poetry. In prose a periphrasis with noli or cave is 
 more common. See Roby, 1597. Meum sepulchrum. See 
 note on line 452. Ut . . . non, poetic licence for ne. 
 
 448. 'Let the sacrifice of Polyxena appease the departed 
 spirit of Achilles.' Placet, from placare, 'to appease'; placet, 
 from placere, ' to please.' Manes, euphemistically applied to 
 the spirits of the departed, and here, as often, used in the plural 
 of one individual, is derived from the old adjective manus 
 = good, which appears in immam's, originally meaning ' un- 
 canny,' and then 'monstrous,' 'huge.' 
 
 449. Parentibus, 'obeying,' from^>ara>: distinguish pdren- 
 ttbus. 
 
 450. Matris, Hecuba. Polyxena was almost the only sur- 
 viving child of Hecuba. 
 
 451. ' Dauntless in spite of her misfortunes and her sex.' 
 
 452. Busto. This tomb must have been a cenotaph erected 
 near the ships, as the body of Achilles was buried on the 
 Sigean promonotory. See note on line 3. 
 
 458. Memor ipsa sui, remembering herself, i.e. her royal 
 descent. 
 
 454. Admota est. This is the technical expression for 
 placing the victim at the altar. Cf. Tac. A. 2, 69 : admotas 
 hostias (sc. am). 
 
 455. Neoptolemus, also called Pyrrhus, the son of Achilles, 
 as being nearest relative, makes the offering.
 
 NOTES. 93 
 
 457. Jamdudum, 'immediately,' 'at once,' as often in the 
 poets, e.g. Virg. A. 2, 103 : jamjudum sumite poenas. Gene- 
 roso sanguine, ' my noble blood.' 
 
 458. Nulla mora est= 'I am ready.' Cf. xi. 161 : in judice, 
 dixit, nulla mora est. Q,uin telum conde, ' nay, plunge your 
 sword,' &c. Cf. PI. Most. 584: Quin vos mihi foenus date. 
 Quid hie nugamini ? 'just give me the interest.' Ter. Andr. 
 45 : Sed hoc mihi molestumst. Quin tu uno verbo die, quid est 
 quod me -velis, 'just tell me in a word.' Roby derives this use of 
 quin with imperat. from its employment as an interrogative 
 implying an exhortation, e.g. quin urges ? ' why not press ' ? 
 Cf. PI. Trin. 291 : Quin prius me ad plures penetra-vi? 'Why 
 did I not betake myself to the dead ?' Cf. Eur. Hec. 563 sq. : 
 
 tfiov, r6S J ft tifi> ffTfpvov, 5 Vfavla, 
 vaieiv irpodvpe'i, iraiffov, fl 8' vie' avxfva 
 Xp-fleis, TcdpeffTi \cujubs evTpeirijs 85e. 
 
 460 sq. 'Would I, Polyxena, forsooth, consent to be a slave 
 to anyone, or will you by such a sacrifice appease any deity ?' 
 Both in line 460 and the following, Haupt reads haud for aut, 
 and places a full stop at the end of line 461. If this reading 
 be adopted, the sense is kill me if you will ; I, Polyxena, 
 would not, of course, consent to be a slave to anyone, nor will 
 you by such an offering appease any deity. Haupt, however, 
 regards line 461 as an interpolation, on account of its rhyming 
 form, and as being perhaps inconsistent with line 467. 
 
 462. Fallere, ' be concealed from.' 
 
 463. Obest, ' troubles me.' For quamvis, with indicative, 
 cf. ix. 125 : quamvis ope fidis equina. This construction is very 
 rare in prose. It is necessary to note that, in many sentences, 
 quamvis qualifies the adjective only, and then does not affect 
 the mood of the verb. 
 
 465. Cf. Eur. Hec. 561 : 
 
 iv veKpo?ffi ydp 
 8ou\ij KfK\rjffda.L f3a<ri\ls oSff' alffx^vofj.ai. 
 
 467. Acceptior, 'more agreeable,' 'acceptable.' Lewis and 
 Short say acceptus is related to gratus, as the effect to the 
 cause : he who is gratus, i.e. dear, is on that account acceptus, 
 welcome, acceptable : hence the usual position gratus atque 
 acceptus.
 
 94 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 471. Non captiva, she is about to be freed by death. In- 
 emptum, ' unransomed.' 
 
 472 sq. ' Let her not buy the sad privilege of sepulture with 
 gold, but by her tears ; when she could she was ready to buy it 
 (viz. permission to bury her children) with gold also,' sc. as 
 well as with tears, referring to the ransom of the body of 
 Hector by Priam in the last book of the Iliad. 
 
 475. Tenet, ' restrains.' Sacerdos, Neoptolemus. Cf. Eur. 
 Hec. 566 sq. : 
 
 Sacerdos, Neoptolemus. Cf. Eur. Hec. 566 sq. : 
 6 5' oi> 6f\<av re Kal 6e\fav otitry K6pj]S 
 Tffivei ffitirjpcp irvfiifiaros $iafif>ods. 
 
 476 Praebita. Plunging in the steel, pierced the breast 
 ' voluntarily offered.' For conjecto, cf. iii. 90 conjectum in 
 guttura ferrum- 
 
 477. Ilia, Polyxena. Defecto poplite, ' her knees giving 
 way,' 'with tottering knees.' 
 
 478. ' Maintained a fearless countenance to the end.' 
 
 481. ' The Trojan women take her up, and count up the lost 
 children of Priam, and the amount of blood that one house 
 gave.' Deploratos, properly ' lamented as lost : ' tf. i 272 : 
 Sternuntur segetes et deplorata colon! 
 Vota jacent. 
 For recensent, cf. Virg. A. 6, 68 1 sq. r 
 
 omnemque suorum 
 
 Forte recensebat^ numerum. carosque nepotes 
 Fataque, fortunasque virum, moresque manusque- 
 
 483 sq. O modo regia conjunx regia dicta parens, i.e. 
 O modo (dicta) regia conjunx, (modo) dicta regia parens . 
 Siebelis. 
 
 4b4. Hecuba is called the picture, image, embodiment of 
 flourishing Asia, as being the wife of Priam, and the mother of 
 so many illustrious sons : see lines 508, 509. 
 
 485 Mala sors, ' a bad lot, ' ' a sorry share ' of the plunder. 
 Cf. Livy, I, 34, 3 : fuero post am mortem in nullam sortem 
 bonorum nato (opp. omnium heredi bonorum}, ' to no share of 
 the property. '
 
 frOTES. 95 
 
 487. Domimim, ' an owner.' 
 
 488. ' And she embracing the body bereft of so brave a spirit.' 
 Cf. ii. 611 : corpus inane animae, and xiv. 200 : inanem luminis 
 orient. 
 
 490. Lacrimas in vulnera fundit. Cf. iv. 140: vulnera 
 supplevit lacrimis. 
 
 491. Oscula, 'lips,' as in x. 344. Consueta, sc.plangiab 
 Hecuba, ' which she was accustomed to beat,' in mourning for 
 hei losses. 
 
 492. ' Trailing, draggling, her grey hair in the clotted blood.' 
 Cf. Eur. Hec. 496 ; Ketrat nAvei tj>vpov<ra Sv<rrir]voi' Kapa. 
 
 493. Plura quidem, sed et haec, ' she used more words, 
 indeed, but among them these also.' Cf. Ov. Fast. 4, 689 : 
 
 Is mihi multa quidem, sed et haec narrare solebat. 
 
 494. ' O daughter, last grief to your mother, for what else re- 
 mains?' sc. the loss of which can cause me further grief. Cf. 
 x. 198: tu dolor es facinusque meum. 
 
 495. Jaces, 'you lie dead.' Cf. line 178. Tuum, mea 
 vulnera, vulnus. Cf. x 197 : videoque tuum, mea crimina, 
 
 vulnus. 
 
 496. ' Lest I should lose any of my kindred without blood- 
 shed.' 
 
 497. Quia femina, sc. eras, 'because you were a woman.' 
 
 498. Et femina, ' even though a woman.' 
 
 500. Nostrique orbator, ' he who bereft me of my children.' 
 Noster orbator would be the prose expression, the possessive 
 pronoun being used instead of the genitive of the personal pro- 
 noun. 
 
 501. Achilles was slain by Paris, Apollo guiding the arrow. 
 See xii. 595 sq. 
 
 503. Mi = mihi. Cinis ipse sepulti, ' the very ashes of 
 the buried Achilles.' 
 
 504. In genus hoc, ' against this race of ours.' Tumulo 
 quoque, 'even in his tomb.' Sensimus, 'we have felt 
 the power of.' So yiyv6<ric<e often means, 'I know to my 
 cost.'
 
 96 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 505. 'For the grandson of Aeacus have I been fruitful.' 
 Nineteen of Hecuba's children fell by the hand of Achilles. 
 
 506 sq. ' The public misfortune was ended by a disastrous 
 issue but yet ended. For me alone Troy remains, and my 
 grief is still in full career, still continues.' Cf. Ov. Fast. 6, 
 362 : spes erat in cursu. 
 
 508. Modo maxima rerum, ' lately the greatest woman in 
 the world.' In this phrase the gender of the adjective is not 
 affected by rerum, e. g. Ov. Her. 9, 107 : maxime rerum. 
 xii. 502 : fortissimo, rerum animalia. Hor. S. I, 9, 4 : quid 
 agis dulcissime rerum ? 
 
 509. Generis, from gener, not generis from genus. 
 
 611. Penelopae munus, 'a present to Penelope,' the wife 
 of Ulysses. Data pensa trahentem, ' spinning my allotted 
 task.' Pensa = the wool weighed out to a slave to spin in a 
 day. 
 
 515. Hostilia busta piasti, ' you appeased the tomb (i. e. 
 the departed spirit, the Manes) of our enemy.' 
 
 516. Inferias. See note on line 428. Quo ferrea resto, 
 
 ' to what purpose do I, unyielding one, remain ? ' Ferreus here 
 means immovable, unyielding ; it more commonly means (when 
 used in figurative sense) hard-hearted, unfeeling. 
 
 518. Observe two different meanings of quo in same line. 
 Interrogative, ' to what end ' ; and relative, ' in order that.' 
 
 519. Vivacem differtis anum, ' preserve alive the old 
 woman,' 'postpone her death.' Cf. xii. 76: decimum dilatus 
 in annum Hector erat. Quis posse, &c., ' who would suppose 
 that Priam could be called happy after the destruction of Troy ? ' 
 
 521. Cf. Virg. A. n, 159: 
 
 Felix morte tua neque in hunc servata dolorem. 
 
 523. At puto, 'but I suppose,' ' but perhaps.' Ironical, as 
 Ov. Am. 3, 7, 2. Funeribus dotabere, ' you will receive the 
 dower of burial,' you will at least receive burial as your dowry. 
 
 525 sq. ' Such is not the good fortune of our house. The 
 rites which fall to your lot will be your mother's tears and
 
 NOTES. 97 
 
 a handful of sand on a foreign shore.' For munera, used of 
 funeral rites, cf. Virg. A. 4, 622 sq. : cinerique haec mittite nostro 
 Munera. For haustus, cf. the use of haurire in line 425. 
 
 530. Ismario regl, Polymestor. Ismarius = Thracian, from 
 Mt. Ismarus. 
 
 533. Fassu anili, 'with an old woman's gait,' 'with the 
 feeble step of age.' 
 
 635. Hauriret, ' draw.' 
 536. Ejectum, ' cast ashore.' 
 
 538. Ilia, Hecuba. Cf. Seneca, Phaedra 615 : Curae leves 
 loquuntur, ingentes stupent. 
 
 540. Devorat, 'represses,' lit. gulps down. Cf. Ov. Fast. 
 4, 846. 
 
 541 sq. Adversa, &c., 'sometimes fixes her eyes on the 
 ground before her, sometimes raises her stern gaze towards 
 heaven.' Sustollo is not found in classical prose. 
 
 543. Positi nati, 'her son as he lay.' Positus is not used 
 here in the sense in which it is sometimes found, of a corpse 
 formally laid out, but merely means lying as he had been thrown 
 up by the sea. See Henry's note on Virg. A. 2, 644. 
 
 544. Vulnera praecipue, i.e. she studies to revenge his 
 deathwound, rather than broods over his loss. Instru.it ira, 
 'equips herself with wrath.' Cf. Hor. O. I, 15, n: Jam 
 galeam Pallas et aegida, Currusque et rabiem parat. 
 
 545. Simul = simul atque. Tamquam, &c., ' as though 
 she were still a queen.' 
 
 546. Poenaeque, &c., ' wrapt up in thoughts of vengeance.' 
 The same expression occurs vi. 586. Cf. Hor. S. I, 9, 2 : 
 
 Nescio quid meditans nugarum, totus in illis. 
 
 547. Catulo lactente, ' sucking cub.' The simile is taken 
 from Iliad, 2 318 sq. 
 
 549. This line is regarded as spurious by Merkel. 
 
 550. ' Forgetting her age but not her anger.' Observe the 
 play on the words animorum annorum. The arrangement of 
 
 Q
 
 98 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 words in this line, by which the first corresponds with the fourth, 
 and the second with the third, is called chiasmus. Cf. line 
 138- 
 552. Nam, sc. dixit. Relictum, sc. in Troy. 
 
 554. Odrysius = Thracius. The Odrysae were a Thracian 
 tribe. Praedaeque adsuetus axnore, ' accustomed to the 
 love of booty.' Cf. Virg. A. 7, 746 : assuetaque multo Venatu 
 nemorum. On the use of the ablative with assuesco, Lewis 
 and Short observe : ' The idea of the ad, which would require 
 the ace. or dat. case, is not prominent in the word, but that of 
 suesco ; accordingly, it properly means to adopt some custom, 
 to addict or apply one's self to a custom or habit, to become 
 accustomed to something ; so that the abl. of specification only 
 designates more specifically the object which is the subject of 
 that custom.' 
 
 555. In secreta, 'into a retired, private place.' Cf. Hor. 
 S. 2, I, 71 : ubi se a vulgo et scena in secreta remorant. 
 
 556. Merkel, who reads Hecuba, inserts et to avoid the 
 lengthening of the last syllable of Hecuba. See note on line 
 423. Tolle xnoras, ' away with delay.' 
 
 560. Atque ita, i.e. in her anger. Correpto. Abl. abs. 
 with omission of the subject, as in iii. 725 ; -visis ulula-vit Agaue. 
 ii. 694 sq. : 
 
 nitidam cape praemia vaccam ; 
 Et dedit. Accepta voces has reddidit hospes. 
 
 561. Invocat, ' calls to her aid.' 
 
 562. Expellit, ' forces the eyes from their sockets.' Merkel 
 reads expilat, ' robs the sockets of their eyeballs ' lit. robs the 
 eyes of the cheeks. Others read exspoliat. Facit ira valen- 
 tem, ' passion makes her strong.' 
 
 563. Sonti. Poetical for sontis, ' guilty blood,' instead of 
 'blood of a guilty person.' 
 
 564. ' Scoops up, gouges out, not the eye, for it no longer re- 
 mains, but the sockets of the eye.' Cf. Seneca, Oedipus 989 sq. :
 
 NOTES. 99 
 
 unguibus lacerat cavos alte recessus luminum et inanes sinus. 
 For the use of haurit cf. line 425. 
 
 565. ' The Thracians, exasperated at the disaster of their 
 king.' Cf. Cic. Mil. 25, 68 : si denique Italia sine Milonis 
 clade nunquam esset conquietura, ' without the ruin of Milo.' 
 
 566. Troada, the Trojan woman, i. e. Hecuba. 
 
 667 sq. At haec, &c., 'but she, with hoarse growling, snaps 
 at the stones they throw, and framing her open mouth to utter 
 words, she barked, when she tried to speak.' The change of 
 human utterance into that of beasts is also described in i. 637 : 
 
 Conatoque queri mugitus edidit ore ; 
 and ii. 483 sq. 
 
 569 sq. Locus, &c., ' the place is still to be seen, and has its 
 name from the occurrence,' i. e. KVV^S o-Tj/ua, the dog's tomb. 
 See line 406. The legend of Hecuba's change into a dog was 
 doubtless invented to account for the name Cynossema. 
 
 671. Turn quoque, ' even then,' sc. when changed into a 
 dog. Cf. line 479. Sithonia is a promontory of Chalcidice, 
 in Macedonia, but the poets often use Sithonius as equivalent 
 to Thracian, since in early times the Thracians extended over 
 the greater part of Macedon, and the promontory is said to 
 have been named from a Thracian king, Sithon. Herodotus 
 writes 'ZiOwvia, but in Euphor. Fr. 55, we find 2i6ovia, and in 
 the adjective the antepenult is commonly short in the poets. 
 
 672. Illius. Depending, as also in the next line, onfortuna. 
 
 574. Sic omnes, sc. moverat, 'affected all, so that even 
 Juno herself,' &c. Jovis conjunxque sororque, a common 
 designation of Juno. See Virg. A. i, 46: 
 
 Ast ego quae divum incedo regina Jovisque 
 Et soror et conjunx. 
 
 Juno was hostile to the Trojans. See Virg. A. I, 23 sq. 
 
 576-622. The transformation of the ashes of Memnon into 
 birds. Memnon, son of Tithonus and Aurora, and king of the 
 2 G
 
 ioo METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 Ethiopians, coming to the aid of Priam, was slain by Achilles. 
 At his mother's request his ashes were changed by Jupiter 
 into birds called Memnoniae, or Memnonides, which every year 
 flew from Ethiopia to Troy, and, fighting over Memnon's tomb, 
 fell as an offering to his shades. This fable forms the subject of 
 the AiOioiris of Arctinus, and was dramatised by Sophocles in 
 his AiOioiTfs or Mepvaiv. The name of Memnon was given to a 
 colossal statue of black marble near Thebes, in Egypt, which 
 was said to emit a sound like that of a lute string when struck 
 by the first rays of the rising sun. This sound was regarded as 
 Memnon's greeting to his mother. 
 
 576 sq. Aurora has no leisure to be moved by Hecuba's woes 
 like the other deities (line 573). She has a grief that comes 
 more home to her in the death of her son. Isdem armis. 
 The same cause as Hecuba, i.e. the Trojan cause. Tithonus, 
 Aurora's husband, was brother of Priam. 
 
 579. I/atea, ' golden-coloured,' or ' rose-coloured,' Kpon6- 
 irtv\os. Cf. Virg. A. 7, 26 : 
 
 Aurora in roseis fulgebat lutea bigis. 
 Luteus = muddy. 
 
 581. Vidit. A similar epanalepsis is found in lines 427 and 
 428, 572 and 573. See note on line 770, and the definition by 
 Diomedes, book 2 : Epanalepsis est cum majore significatu 
 facto, repetitio. 
 
 582. The sun god hides his beams through grief also in ii. 
 329 sq. ; xi. 570. 
 
 583. Supremis ignibus, the flames of the funeral pyre. Cf. 
 ii. 620. 
 
 584. Non sustinuit spectare, 'could not bear to behold,,' 
 This use of sustinere is most frequent in negative clauses. 
 
 585. Sicut erat, 'just as she was,' &s e?xf use d to denote 
 an unchanged condition of the subject in a new state of action. 
 Cf. v. 60 1 : sicut erani fugio sine -vestibus. Geuibus = ad 
 genua. 
 
 587. Omnibus, sc. deabus. Compare the words of Thetis, 
 Iliad, A 5 J 6: eyilo fatra Traffiv arijUoraTTj 6f6s efyti. Omnibus 
 quas sustinet, &c., 'all the goddesses in heaven,' as Plaut. 
 Poen. prol. 90 : quantum hominum terra sustinet, ' all men on
 
 NOTES. 101 
 
 earth.' Sallust, Jug. 14 : Jugurtha homo omnium quos terra 
 sustinet sceleratissimus. 
 
 688. Haupt observes that we do not hear of Aurora having a 
 temple erected to her. 
 
 589. Diva tamen, 'yet still a goddess,' although inferior to 
 the others. Dies sacrifices, 'days for sacrifice,' days on which 
 sacrifices are offered. Sacrificus is applied by the poets to any- 
 thing which has to do with sacrifices, e.g. xii. 249 : sacrifica 
 securis ; xv. 483 : sacrifici ritus. 
 
 591 sq. ' If, however, you consider what a service I, although 
 but a woman, render to you, in maintaining the limits of the 
 night by the fresh morning light.' Cf. iv. 399 sq. 
 
 593 sq. Neque hie, &c., ' nor is the condition of Aurora such 
 that she demands the honours that are her due.' Cf. Caes. 
 B. G. 6, 12, 9: eo turn statu res erat, ut longe principes 
 haberentur Aedui. 
 
 595. Frustra, ' in vain,' because he was slain and Troy was 
 taken. 
 
 596. Patruo, Priam. See line 576. Primisque, &c., 'in 
 his first years (of manhood), in his prime.' Cf. xii. 182, where 
 Nestor says : 
 
 Quamvis obstet mihi tarda vetustas, 
 Multaque me fugiant primis spectata sub annis. 
 
 597. A, used with a neuter verb as in v. 192 : a tanto cecidisse 
 viro. Vos, i.e. the gods, not for tu. 
 
 599. Leni, 'soothe,' 'heal.' 
 
 600. Cum, 'and immediately.' Alto, ' high flaring.' 
 
 601. Volumina fumi, ' wreaths of smoke.' 
 
 602. Infecere diem, 'darkened the light of day.' Inficere 
 prop., to dye, to colour, e g. Caes. B. G. 5, 14: omnes se Bri- 
 tanni vitro inficiunt. Dies = daylight, as in v. 444 : rursus ubi 
 alma dies hebetarat sidera. For the description, cf. i. 602-604, 
 and Lucretius, 6, 476 sq. 
 
 604 sq. ' The black ashes fly, and collecting into one body, 
 thicken and assume a form, and derive heat and life from the 
 fire their own lightness gave them wings.' It is curious to 
 observe how the words levitas sua praebuit alas prepare us for 
 the transformation. The light ashes fly as though on wings, 
 while in line 605 the bird flaps real wings (insonuit pennis).
 
 ID* METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 607. Observe in the same line volucri and -volucris. 
 
 610. Lustrant, ' fly round.' Cf. Virg. A. 10, 224, and vi. 
 571: Agnoscunt longe regent lustrantque chords t ' dance round.' 
 
 Consonus, ' harmonious.' 
 
 611. Clangor, ' twittering.' Quarto seducunt castra vo- 
 latu, 'in their fourth flight they divide their forces': lit., 
 ' make separate camps.' 
 
 612. Populi. Applied here to flights of birds. 
 
 613. Aduncis ung-uitaus, ' hooked talons.' 
 
 614. Adversa pectora, ' the breasts of their antagonists, the 
 breasts opposed to them.' Cf. the expression hastes adversi, 
 Caes. B. G. 2, 24. 
 
 615. Reference is made to the gladiatorial combats at Rome 
 at the funerals of distinguished persons. The slain were an 
 offering to the shades of the departed. The order of the words 
 is, corpora cognata cadunt inferiae cineri sepulto. 
 
 617. 'Their author (i.e. Memnon, from whose ashes they 
 sprang) gives a name to the birds, which thus suddenly sprang 
 into life.' For praepes, subst., cf. iv. 714; for subitis, cf. 
 i. 315, iii. 123. 
 
 618. Cum sol, &c., ' as often as the sun has completed his 
 course through the twelve signs of the zodiac,' i. e. every year. 
 Cf. vi. 571 : 
 
 Signa deus bis sex acto lustraverat anno. 
 
 Duodena. Perhaps the force of the distributive is ' all the 
 twelve.' See Boot on Cic. Att. 5, 7, I. 
 
 The story of the Memnonides is told by Pliny, Nat. H. 10, 
 26, 74, who compares the story of the Meleagrides, or birds into 
 which the sisters of Meleager were changed. 
 
 619. Parental!, &c., 'destined to perish, they renew the 
 fight after the fashion of a deceased parent's festival.' Memnon 
 is regarded as the parent of the birds, which sprang from his 
 ashes. Under the empire the gladiators, on entering the arena, 
 addressed the emperor with the words, morituri te salutant. 
 See Suet. Claud. 21. Merkel (basing his conjecture on the 
 reading of M, mor. -voce] reads luce instead of more, ' on the
 
 NOTES. 103 
 
 day of the funeral festival,' not only the month (line 618) but 
 the day, too, being precisely fixed, and compares Pausanias 10, 
 31,6: tv fiprjfj.eva.is Depots. 
 
 620 Erg-o, 'so.' Latrasse, 'barked,' i.e. became a dog. 
 
 Dymantida. Hecuba, who according to one tradition was 
 a daughter of Dymas; according to another, of Cisseus. 
 
 621 sq. Piasque, &c., ' and even now sheds tributary tears 
 of affection, and bedews the whole earth,' referring to the dewy 
 dawn. For rorare, neuter, ' distils in dew,' cf. Ov. Fast. 3, 403 : 
 
 Cum croceis rorare genis Tithonia conjux 
 Coeperit. 
 
 623-674. The transformation of the daughters of Anius into 
 doves. ^Eneas, in his flight from Troy with his father, Anchises, 
 and son, Ascanius, arrives at Delos, and is hospitably entertained 
 by Anius, the priest of Apollo, who narrates how his son 
 Andros is gone to the island which bore his name, and how his 
 daughters, who had received from Bacchus the power of turning 
 everything into corn, wine, and oil, had been transformed into 
 doves by that deity, in order that they might not fall into the 
 hands of the Greeks. This subject, as we learn from Tzetzes, 
 was treated in the Kvirpia, eirij of Stasinus. 
 
 623 sq. ' Fate, however, does not allow hope also to be over- 
 thrown with the walls of Troy.' 
 
 624. Sacra, et sacra altera, pattern. The same expression 
 occurs Ov. Fast. I, 527 ; ib. 4, 38. Sacra, the Penates. See 
 the description in Virg. A. 2, 634 sq. 
 
 625. Cythereius. ^Eneas, so called from his mother Venus, 
 who was worshipped at Cythera (Cerigo), and hence named 
 Cytherea. 
 
 626. Pius. In the double sense of 'dutiful' to his father, 
 and ' pious ' towards the gods, 
 
 628. Antandrus (Antandro) was a city of Mysia, on the 
 Adramyttian Gulf, at the foot of Mount Ida. The story of 
 blood streaming from the roots of the trees, torn from the 
 ground where Polydorus was buried, is told by Virg. A. 3, 
 19 sq.
 
 104 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 629. Manantem, distinguish mdnentem. 
 
 630. TJtilibus, &c., ' with favourable winds and the tide 
 serving.' 
 
 631. Apollineam urbem. The city of Delos, where Apollo 
 was born. Cf. Virg. A. 3, 79. 
 
 632. Hunc. ./Eneas. Quo rege, Sec., 'by whom, as king, 
 men were governed, and as priest, Phoebus was duly wor- 
 shipped.' Anius was son of Apollo and Rhoeo ('PotcS). Merkel, 
 influenced by the reading of M, fines, conjectures fides instead 
 of homines. 
 
 634. Del-libra nota. Erected to Apollo, Diana, and Latona. 
 
 635. ' The two trees clasped formerly by Latona in her 
 pangs.' Cf. vi. 335. 
 
 636 sq. When the religious rites are ended, Anius entertains 
 ^Eneas and his companions at his house. 
 
 638 sq Positis, &c. , ' reclining on high-piled couch-covers, 
 they partake of the gifts of Ceres (i.e. bread) together with 
 flowing wine.' Altis is proleptic : ' the rugs being placed on 
 the couches so as to lie high one above another.' Bacchus is 
 used for wine also, \i. 488 : 
 
 Regales epulae mensis et Bacchus in auro 
 
 Ponitur. 
 
 640. Turn, plus Anchises, sc. in quit. 
 
 641. Fallor, ' am I mistaken ?' 
 
 642. Bis duas. Most authorities mention only three daugh- 
 ters of Anius, viz. CEno, Spermo, and Elais. They were called 
 olvorpoiroi, owing to their power of changing things into wine ; 
 see line 653. 
 
 643. The white fillet was the badge of a priest ; see v. 
 109 sq. : 
 
 Cererisque sacerdos 
 Ampycus, albenti velatus tempora vitta. 
 
 645. Natorum, 'children,' sons and daughters, asfratresis 
 used of brothers and sisters. 
 
 646. Tanta homines, &c., 'such changeful fortune harasses 
 mankind.' 
 
 647. Faene orbum, ' almost childless.'
 
 NOTES. 105 
 
 649. Andros, the most northerly of the Cyclades. 
 
 650. Delius, the Delian, i. e. Apollo. Aug-urium, ' the 
 gift or art of augury.' Cf. Virg. A. 12, 394 : Cut laetus Apollo 
 Augurium citharamque dabat. Liber, originally an Italian 
 deity, called by the Sabines Loebasius (for the change, cf. loe- 
 besum and loebertas, archaic forms of liberum and libertas] ; 
 afterwards identified with Bacchus. 
 
 651 sq. Voto majora fideque munera, ' gifts beyond wish 
 and belief.' Cf. Ov. Fast. 2, 113: fide majus, 'surpassing 
 belief.' 
 
 653. Canaeque Minervae. Cf. vi. 8 1 : 
 
 Edere cum bacis fetum canentis olivae ; 
 and viii. 275 : 
 
 Palladios flavae latices libasse Minervae. 
 Merkel reads bacamque Minervae, i.e. the olive. 
 
 654. In illis, sc.filiabus. Cf. Livy, 3, 51 : Siquisustts met 
 est, nihilo minor ex private capietur. 
 
 656. Vestram procellam, ' the storm which assailed you.' 
 For the metaphorical use of procella, cf. Virg. A. 7, 594 : 
 
 Frangimur heu fatis, inquit, ferimurque procella. 
 
 658 sq. Alantque, &c., 'and bids them feed the Greek 
 army by their heaven-sent gift.' For imperare with the simple 
 subjunctive, cf. i. 670: leloque det, imperat, Argum. Classis 
 is perhaps used here of land forces, as in Virg. A. 7, 716. 
 
 661. Natis, ' daughters,' from nata. Lewis and Short say 
 natabus is used for dat. and abl. pi. when ambiguity is to be 
 avoided. 
 
 663. ' The brother's affection, overcome by fear, surrendered 
 the persons of his sisters to punishment.' Merkel reads pectora 
 instead of corpora. For censors = of or belonging to a brother 
 or sister, cf. viii. 443 sq. : 
 
 Toxea, quid faciat, dubium pariterque volentem 
 Ulcisci fratrem fraternaque fata timentem 
 Haud patitur dubitare diu, calidumque prioris 
 Caede recalfecit consorti sanguine telum. 
 Consors, = brother or sister, is frequent in Ovid.
 
 io6 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 664. Fossis. For this use of the subjunctive see Bradley's 
 Arnold, 149; Roby, 153^, 1544. There is a suppressed con- 
 dition, ' if you think on the matter you can excuse.' Cf. line 
 685 : posses ostendere, ' you could have shown, had you tried.' 
 This usage is specially common in the second person, where 
 the subject is impliedly indefinite, i.e. where 'you' is equi- 
 valent to the English 'one,' the French 'on,'* the German 
 'man.' 
 
 665 sq. Cf. Virg. A. n, 288 sq. : 
 
 Quicquid apud durae cessatum est moenia Trojae, 
 Hectoris Aeneaeque maim victoria Graium 
 Haesit et in decimum vestigia rettulit annum. 
 
 668. Etiamnum libera, ' still free.' Cf. xiv. 199 : -vultus 
 etiamnum caede madentes. 
 
 669. Pater -is applied as an epithet of honour to almost all 
 the gods, as mater to the goddesses. Cf. xi. 132 : Lenaee pater. 
 Opem, ' help ' ; opes, ' riches.' 
 
 670 sq. Si miro, &c., 'if to destroy in a wonderful manner 
 is called giving help.' 
 
 671 sq. Though the method of the transformation cannot be 
 understood or described, yet the general result of the misfortune 
 is well known. 
 
 672. Aut. The negative force of nee in line 671 is continued 
 to aut in this line, which latter word may therefore be translated 
 ' nor.' 
 
 674. Conjug-is. The dove was sacred to Venus, wife of 
 Anchises. Cf. xiv. 597. Niveas, ' snowy-breasted.' Abiere, 
 ' were transformed.' This is the word regularly used by Ovid 
 to express metamorphosis : it is found in a similar sense in 
 Lucretius. 
 
 675-704. Transformation of the ashes of the daughters of 
 Orion into young men, represented in basso-relievo on a goblet. 
 An oracle having declared that a plague which was wasting 
 Thebes would be stayed if two virgins consented to sacrifice 
 their lives, Metioche and Menippe, the daughters of Orion, killed
 
 NOTES. 107 
 
 themselves with shuttles. From their ashes rose two young 
 men, who became comets under the name Corouae. See 
 Anton. Liberalis, 25. 
 
 677. Cum die, apa TJJ rj/ 
 
 678. Cf. Virg. A. 3, 94 sq. : 
 
 quae vos a stirpe parentum 
 Prima tulit tellus, eadem vos ubere laeto 
 Accipiet reduces : antiquam exquirite matrem. 
 
 Italy is meant, whence Dardanus, the founder of the Trojan 
 nation, is said to have come into Phrygia. Matrem = mother- 
 land ; cf. the German Vateiiand. 
 
 679. Prosequitur, ' sees them off.' To accompany a de- 
 parting guest for a portion of his journey was a mark of respect. 
 Rex. Anius. Dat munus, ' gives as a present.' 
 
 680. Nepoti, Ascanius, grandson of Anchises. 
 
 682. Aoniis = Boeotian. Aonia was the part of Boeotia 
 near Phocis, in which were Mount Helicon and the fountain 
 Aganippe. Ismenius = Theban. The river Ismenus flowed 
 through Thebes. 
 
 684. Hyleus, of Hyle, a small town in Boeotia. The text 
 is doubtful, but is adopted by Merkel, Siebelis, and Zingerle 
 on the authority of E. Lactantius reads Lydius ; others My- 
 hus, from Myla in Sicily. Longo, &c., ' had engraved it 
 with a long subject or story.' Argumentum is the regular 
 word for an artistic design; cf. Virg. A. 7, 791 : Argumen- 
 tum ingens. For the spondee in the fifth foot see note on line 
 407. 
 
 &f*j3tef 
 
 685 sq. Thebes^ in Boeotia, was sufficiently represented by 
 the seven gates ; Iliad, A 406 : ^775 t5os k^rairvXoio. The 
 Egyptian Thebes was hundred-gated. Posses. See note on 
 line 664. Ostendere is used instead of -videre^ the spectator 
 being supposed to contemplate the goblet in company with 
 other persons.
 
 io8 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 687. Rogique. Merkel reads pyraeque. The reading of M, 
 gyroque, however, seems to favour the text. 
 
 688. ' "Women with dishevelled hair and bared breasts.' For 
 matres = women, cf. Virg. A. 6, 306 : matres atque viri. 
 
 689 sq. Nymphae, &c., ' the nymphs also seem to weep and 
 to complain of their fountains being dried up ; the trees without 
 foliage stand bare and stiff; the goats gnaw the parched rocks,' 
 The words rodunt arentia saxa capellae imply that the herbs 
 are withered by the drought. Thebes was suffering from both 
 drought and pestilence. 
 
 692 sq. ' Lo! he (Alcor line 683) represents the daughters 
 of Orion in the midst of Thebes on one side, as inflicting on 
 their bared throats a wound that showed no woman's weak- 
 ness ; on the other, as having fallen for their people by a 
 wound inflicted with unwarlike weapons, and being honoured 
 with a public funeral.' The words natas Orione are the sub- 
 ject of dare, and of cecidisse, ferri, cremari. Three scenes 
 are depicted on the goblet, introduced respectively by the 
 words hac, iliac, and turn (line 697). He represents the 
 daughters of Orion in the one group as slaying themselves ; 
 in the second as already dead (cecidisse), and being carried 
 to burial ; while the third group shows the Coronae rising 
 from the ashes. 
 
 Demisso per inertia vulnere tela, ' a home-thrust being in- 
 flicted by unwarlike weapons,' viz. shuttles. Cf. Seneca, Ep. 
 7) 5> *3 : vulnera paruni demissa laxantem. The reading of the 
 text is Merkel's, and is much to be preferred to Haupt's, which 
 gives hanc for hac in line 693, illam demissa per fortia pectora 
 tela. for iliac demisso per inertia vulnere tela in line 694, and is 
 to be translated : ' Lo ! he represents the daughters of Orion 
 in the midst of Thebes, one of them inflicting on her bared 
 throat a wound that showed no woman's weakness; the other 
 having fallen for her nation by plunging a shuttle into her 
 courageous breast, and being honoured by a public funeral' ; 
 tela. being a fern. sing, used for radius, a sense rarely, if ever, 
 found. 
 
 Madvig follows the Florentine M in reading agmen for hanc 
 non, and illas for illam. He thinks agmen femineum, used of 
 two women, is justified by Virg. A. z, 212, where agmine certo 
 is used in reference to the movements of two serpents; but
 
 NOTES. 109 
 
 the passage is not a parallel, as there is here no reference to 
 
 motion. 
 
 697. Exire. Depending on facit, line 692. 
 
 698. Genus, sc. Orionis. 
 
 700 sq. ' While so far (i e. as far as I have hitherto described) 
 the figures sparkled with ancient bronze, the brim of the goblet 
 was embossed (asper, lit. rough) with gilded acanthus' (bears- 
 foot). Cf. xii. 235. Crater, like the Greek Kparrip, has the 
 last syllable long. 
 
 702. Remittunt, ' give in return.' 
 
 703. Custodem turis acerram, 'a casket to keep incense 
 in.' 
 
 705-718. Transformation of the judge, Cragaleus, into stone, 
 and of the sons of the king of the Molossians into birds. For 
 details see notes on lines 713 and 717. 
 
 705. Cf. Virg. A. 3, 104, sq. : 
 
 Creta Jovis magni medio jacet insula ponto, 
 Mons Idaeus ubi, et gentis cunabula nostrae ; 
 Centum urbes habitant magnas, uberrima regna; 
 Maximus unde pater, si rite audita recorder, 
 Teucrus Rhoeteas primum est advectus ad oras, 
 Optavitque locum regno. 
 
 706. Cretam tenuere, 'held their course for Crete.' For 
 
 tenere = cursum tenere, cf. iii. 689 sq. : excute, dicens, Corde 
 metum Diamque tene. Merkel gives the Greek form of the 
 name Creten. Anchises understood the oracle (line 678) as 
 directing them to go to Crete : when, however, a pestilence 
 attacked them in that country, he at length perceived that Italy 
 was their destined home. Loci Jovem, ' the climate of the 
 place.' 
 
 707. Centumque relictis urbibus, i. e. having left Crete, 
 which was celebrated for its hundred cities. 
 
 708. Ausonios, i. e. Italian, the Ausones having been ancient 
 inhabitants of Italy. 
 
 709. Hiems, 'storm.' The Strophades are said to have 
 been so called because there Zetes and Calais turned back
 
 1 1 o MET A MORPHOSES. 
 
 (ffrpftpca] from the pursuit of the Harpies, whose names were 
 Aello, Ocypete and Celaeno. See Virg. A. 3, 2IO sq. 
 
 711 sq. Dulichium was the largest of the Echinades, a group 
 of islands at the mouth of the Achelous. Samos, or Same, was 
 the ancient name of Cephallenia, and is to be distinguished from 
 Samos, off the coast of Ionia. Neritus is evidently regarded as 
 an island in this passage, and also by Virgil, A. 3, 271 ; but in 
 Odyssey, i 22, and v 351, it is a mountain in Ithaca. 
 
 713 sq. Praeter erant vecti. Tmesis for pratttrvtcti erant. 
 According to Haupt, Antoninus Liberalis 4 (flourished about 
 A. D. 147), following the erepoiovfj.fva of Nicander, says that 
 Apollo, Diana, and Hercules, left the decision as to which of 
 them should possess Ambraciato Cragaleus, who was celebrated 
 for his justice. Cragaleus gave his decision in favour of Her- 
 cules, and was consequently changed into a stone by Apollo. 
 
 Certatam, &c. 'They see Ambracia, which was a subject 
 of dispute among the gods, and the rock in the shape of the 
 transformed judge, which land (guae agrees with Ambracia) is 
 now famous owing to the Actian Apollo (i.e. to the temple of 
 Apollo, on the promontory of Actium, in Ambracia), and the 
 land of Dodona, with its talking oaks (irpoffriytpot, /mavriKal 
 tpves), and the Chaonian (i.e. Epirot) gulfs, where the children 
 of the king of the Molossians escaped the baffled flames by the 
 wings which were supplied to them.' For subjectis cf. Lucan, 
 7, 574: 
 
 Ipse manu subicit gladios et tela ministrat. 
 
 R. Ellis ap. Simmons suggests tarn subiiis for subjectis. 
 
 For sub imagine cf. xiv. 757 sq., where the transformation 
 of the hard-hearted Anaxarete into stone is described : 
 
 Paulatimque occupat artus 
 Quod fuit in duro jam pridem pectore saxum. 
 Neve ea ficta putes, dominae sub imagine signum 
 Servat adhuc Salamis. 
 
 717. Antoninus Liberalis 14, after Nicander, describes how 
 three sons and a daughter of Munichus, king of the Molos- 
 sians, were attacked by robbers, and the building in which 
 they were having taking fire, were changed into birds by Jupiter, 
 that they might escape the flames.
 
 NOTES. 1 1 1 
 
 719-897. Transformation of Acis into a river god. The 
 Cyclops, Polyphemus, being enamoured of Galatea, slays Acis 
 for crossing him in his love. The latter, by the power of 
 Galatea, is changed into a river called after his own name. 
 
 719 sq. Phaeacum rura, the island ofCorcyra, the Homeric 
 Scheria, where dwelt the Phaeacian king, Alcinous, whose fruit 
 gardens are described, Od. TJ. Felicibus pomis, as in ix. 92 : 
 the epithet feh'x, properly applied to the tree, is transferred to 
 the fruit. Cf. Livy, 5, 24: nullafelix arbor, nihil frugiferum 
 in agro relictum. The opposite expression is found in Virg. A. 
 3, M : 
 
 Victum infelicem, bacas lapidosaque corna. 
 
 For the places mentioned in these lines cf. Virg A. 3, 291 sq. 
 
 720. Al> his, ' from thence,' ' after these places.' 
 
 721. Buthrotos, a town of Epirus, opposite Corcyra. 
 
 Simulataciue Troja. Helenus had built in Epirus a town 
 after the fashion of ancient Troy. Cf. Virg. A. 3, 349 : 
 
 Procedo et parvam Trojam simulataque magnis 
 Pergama .... agnosco. 
 
 722. Futurorum, neuter, as appears by the following qnae. 
 
 723. Cf. Iliad, Z 76 : 
 
 TIpia/j.i5ris'''E\fVos, oia>voir6\<av ox' &piffTos. 
 
 724. Sicaniam, Sicily. Pinnls. Merkel gives this reading 
 from the Florentine MS. M. The usual reading is linguis, 
 which is often used of ' a tongue of land,' e. g. Lucan, 2, 614 : 
 tenuem prodncit in aequora linguam. Excurrere and procurrere 
 are -voces propriae of headlands running out or projecting into 
 the sea. 
 
 726. Arctos. The constellations of the Great and Little Bear 
 are called aequoris expertes, because they never set to our hemi- 
 sphere, never seem to sink into the sea. Cf. Iliad, 5 489, 
 quoted in note on line 294.
 
 1 1 2 MET A MORPHOSES. 
 
 729. Sub noctem, ' at nightfall.' Zancle was afterwards 
 called Messana. Potitur, though infin. is potiri, as oritur 
 from oriri. Cf. note on line 130. 
 
 730. Inrequieta, ' restless.' Ovid here digresses to narrate 
 the tales of Galatea and Scylla, and does not resume the 
 wanderings of Aeneas until xiv. 75. 
 
 731. Haec, Charybdis. 
 
 732. Ilia, Scylla. 
 
 733 sq. Si non omnia vates ficta reliquerunt. Cf. xv. 
 282 : nisi vatibus omnis Eripienda fides. 
 
 734. Aliquo quoque, &c. Quoque is to be joined with 
 virgo, Scylla had the face of a virgin, and at one time actually 
 was a virgin. For a similar use of quoque cf. i. 144 sq. : 
 
 Vivitur ex rapto ; non hospes ab hospite tutus, 
 Non socer a genero ; fratrum quoque gratia rara est. 
 
 ' Even brothers were seldom on good terms.' Quoque should 
 follow the emphatic word, but Ovid allows himself much licence 
 in its position, e. g. i. 292 : 
 
 Omnia pontus erant : deerant quoque litora ponto. 
 738. Cui, sc. to ScyUa. Cf. Ov. Her. 13, 31 : 
 
 Nee mihi pectendos cura est praebere capillos. 
 
 739 Adloquitur, sc. Galatea Scyllam. Galatea addresses 
 Scylla in the following words. Bepetens suspiria, 'fetching 
 a sigh,' 'heaving a sigh.' Cf. ii. 125 : 
 
 Pectore sollicito repetens suspiria dixit. 
 
 740. Haud inmite, in contrast with the Cyclops, who is 
 called inmitis, line 759. 
 
 741 ITt facis, ' as you do.' Facto, like the English do, is 
 often used in such sentences as the present, to avoid the repeti- 
 tion of the principal verb. Thus the expression in the text is 
 equivalent to potes his impune negare, ut negas, ' You can re- 
 fuse them, say no to them, as you do, with impunity, without 
 danger.'
 
 NOTES. 113 
 
 742. Galatea was a Nereid, or sea-nymph. Caerula. This 
 adj. is constantly applied to marine deities, on account of the 
 dark -green colour of the element in which they live. 
 
 743. Turba. There were fifty Nereids. See Hesiod, Theo- 
 gony, 263 sq. : NJJ/JTJOS afj.vp.ovos f^eytvovro Kovpai -rt 
 
 744. Non nisi per luctus, &c., 'it was only with grief (i.e. 
 grief for the loss of Acis) I was able to escape the love of the 
 Cyclops.' 
 
 746. Marmoreo, ' white as marble.' Virgro, Scylla. 
 747- Refer, 'relate,' sc. causam tuidoloris. 
 
 749. His, sc. verbis. Resecuta est, 'answered.' Cf. vi. 36. 
 Crataeide natam. In Od. fj. 124, Scylla is called the daughter 
 of Kporoiis. 
 
 750. Faunus was the patron deity of agriculture and shep- 
 herds. He was afterwards identified with Pan. Nympha 
 Symaethide, a daughter of the river-god Symaethus in Sicily. 
 Cretus (from cresco) is often used by the poets for natus. 
 
 752. Nostra me. A good example of the interchangeable 
 use of the first person singular and first person plural. 
 
 753. Octonis iterum natalibus actis, 'past sixteen.' 
 Distributive numerals are regularly used in expressions of mul- 
 tiplication ; see Roby, vol. i. p. 443. Bis, not iterum, is the 
 usual word in this connexion, e. g. viii. 242 ; natalibtts actis 
 Bis puerum senis. Simmons is, doubtless, right in saying that 
 iterum attaches itself more closely to the verb, ' completed a 
 second time.' 
 
 754. Dubia lanugine, scarcely perceptible down. Cf. ix. 398. 
 
 755. Hunc egro. Understand petebam from petebat. Finis 
 is seldom fern, except in ante- and post-classical writers, and in 
 poetry, and only in the sing., except Varr. L. L. 5, I, 13. See 
 Lewis and Short. 
 
 756 sq. ' Nor, if you ask, can I tell whether hatred of the 
 Cyclops or love of Acis was stronger in me.' Cf. iii. 658 : nee 
 enim praesentior illo est deus. iv. 6 1 2 , tanta est praesentia veri. 
 H
 
 ii 4 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 758. Pro, ' alas ! ' See line 5. 
 759 sq. Ipsis silvis. Dative. 
 
 761. Cf. Od. i 275 : 
 
 ov ykp K.vK\wirfs Aibs alyiSxov a\eyov<rtv. 
 Cum dis Olympi, ' Olympus and its gods.' 
 
 762. Quid sit amor sentit, ' feels the power of love.' 
 
 763. Antrorum. The Cyclopes dwelt in caves, not houses. 
 Oblitus. Distinguish oblttus. 
 
 764. See note on line 927. 
 
 765. Bastris, 'rakes,' comically used of the comb of Poly 
 phemus, just as in the next line a sickle (falce) is his razor. 
 Rostrum, n., in pi. usually rastri, m. ; occasionally rostra. 
 
 767. ' To look at your fierce face in the water and compose its 
 expression.' The water is described as Polyphemus' looking- 
 glass in line 840 sq. 
 
 770. In Od. i 510, it is said of Telemus : navrfv6/j.fi>os 
 yflpa. K.vK\(i>irfff(Tiv. Telemus Telemus. This repetition of 
 the same word is called epanalepsis, and is an imitation of the 
 Homeric usage ; e. g. Iliad, B 170 sq. : 
 
 rwv /j.fi> &p' 'A.fjL(pl/j.axos Kal NCUTTTJS T\ 
 N(OTT;S 8' A/j.<t>i/j.ax6s re, 'Nof.tiovos dyAoct 
 
 See note on line 581, and cf. Iliad, T 371 sq. : 
 
 Tif 8' y& avrios etp.i, nal ti irvpl xe*jPs eointy, 
 el irvpl x e ?P a s toiKe, /J.evos 8' aWoivi 
 
 775. Altera, 'another,' sc. Galatea. Cf. ii. 513: pro me 
 tenet altera coelum ; and xiv. 378 : non sum tuus, altera captum 
 Me tenet. Jam rapuit, sc. lumen, ' has already snatched away 
 my eye,' 'blinded me.' The same expression to denote the 
 power of love is used in Ov. Amor. 2, 19, 19 : 
 
 Tu quoque quae nostros rapuisti nuper ocellos.
 
 NOTES. 115 
 
 Here there is, of course, a double reference to the literal and to 
 the idiomatic meaning of the words. 
 
 776 sq. Gradiens, &c., ' as he walks weighs down the shore 
 with his ponderous tread.' Litora. He awaits the appearance 
 of the sea-goddess on the shore. 
 
 778 sq. ' A wedge-shaped headland projects into the sea with 
 a long point.' 
 
 780. Mediusciue resedit, ' and sat down in the middle ' (of 
 the hill). Cf. Theocr. n, 17 sq. : 
 
 Ka,9f^6fj.fvos 5" ^irl irtrpas 
 tyr)\as 3s irdvrov bpcav &eiSf Toiavra. 
 
 782. Pinus, &c., ' the pine tree which served him as a staff.' 
 
 783. Antemnis apta ferendis, 'fit to bear sail-yards,' i. e. 
 large enough for a mast. Cf. Od. i 319 sq. : 
 
 KvK\<oiros yb.p tueiro /xe'ya p6ira\ov irapa 
 . . . rb /M^V &fJ./J.fs 3iffKo/jL(V (iffop6ii>VTes, 
 6' IffT^tv vi\bs eetKo 
 
 784. Harundinibus, &c., 'a pipe framed of a hundred 
 reeds.' Seven was the usual number : see ii. 682. 
 
 785. Sibila, n. pi. ; in the sing, sibilus, m. Senserunt 
 Senserunt. This repetition in each clause of one or more 
 words as a substitute for the use of annexive conjunctions is 
 called anaphora. Cf. quas . . . quas in line 8. ' Felt the sound, 
 trembled with the sound of the shepherd's pipe. Pastoria 
 sibila = sibila pastoriae fistulae. 
 
 786. Latitans mpe, ' hidden by the cliff.' SIMMONS. 
 
 787. Besidens, from resideo, Auribus hausi, ' I drank 
 in with my ears.' 
 
 788. The rude similes of the following passage are in keeping 
 with the coarse character of the Cyclops. 
 
 789. Lig^istri, 'privet.' Cf. Mart, r, 115, 2 sq. : Loto 
 candidior puella cygno, Argento, nive, lilio, ligustro. Theo- 
 critus (u, 19 sq.) is much more concise than our poet in the 
 speech he assigns to Polyphemus : 
 
 H2
 
 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 Z Aewcci ra\<Ta, ri rbv <pt\fovr' c 
 \fVKOTfpa iraKras tronSeiv, airaAwrepa apvds, 
 w yctvporepa, (piapwrepat ofj,<paicos ui/ 
 
 8', Sxnrfp ois iro\ibv \VKOV a.9pi\aa<ra. 
 
 791. Splendidior vitro, ' more sparlding than glass.' Cf. 
 Hor. O. 3, 13, I : O fans Bandusiae splendidior -vitro, 
 
 Lascivior, ' more playful.' 
 
 792. ' Smoother than shells worn by the ever-beating ocean.' 
 Distinguish levis and levis. 
 
 793. ' More welcome than sunshine in winter, and than the 
 shade in summer.' Solibus. Cf. Virg. G. i, 393 sq. : 
 
 Nee minus ex imbri soles et aperta serena 
 Prospicere et certis poteris cognoscere signis. 
 
 794. Nobilior palma, ' more famous than the palm.' Cf. 
 Hor. O. I, 14, II : Quamvis Pontica pinus Silvae filia nobilis ', 
 ib. 3, 13, 13 : Fies nobilium tu quoque fontium. Instead of 
 palma. Merkel reads forma ac, comparing Propert. 2, 5, 28 : 
 
 Cynthia forma potens. Madvig conjectures Mobilior dama, 
 'fleeter than a deer.' The simile occurs, however, in lines 805 
 to 807. Madvig mentions, but with strong disapproval, the 
 reading forda, ' a cow that is with calf, ' instead of palma, and 
 this reading appears in Merkel's edition of 1865. R. Ellis ap. 
 Simmons conjectures Mobilior flamma, ' more nimble than 
 flame,' flamma having been corrupted to fama (as often 
 happens), and that to forma, which is the reading of M. 
 Platano conspectior alta, ' more attractive to the gaze than 
 the stately plane-tree.' Conspectus = the unclassical conspica- 
 bilis, as invictus often = the unclassical invincibilis . 
 
 796. ' Softer than swan-down, and than curdled milk.' 
 798. Eadem, ' and yet ' fiercer than untamed bullocks. 
 
 800. There is a play on two meanings of lentus, viz. ' slug- 
 gish,' 'indifferent to love,' and when applied to plants, 'tough,' 
 ' tenacious.' Vitibus albis, "A/uTreAos Aewc^, Bryonia alba. 
 
 802. Laudato. Cf. Ov. Ars Am. r, 627 : 
 
 Laudatas ostentat avis Junonia pennas ; 
 Si tacitus spectes ilia recondit opes.
 
 NOTES. 117 
 
 803. Asperior tribulis, ' rougher than thorns.' Tribulus, 
 m., a kind of thorn or thistle, land caltrops. Tribulum, n., a 
 threshing sledge. 
 
 804. Surdior aequoribus. Cf. ^sch. Pr. V. IOOI : 
 oX^els /J.d.T7]V fj.e tfC/tt' SITUS irapijyopiav. 
 
 806. Latratibus, sc. of the hounds. 
 808. Si noris, sc. me. 
 
 810. Vivo pendentia saxo, ' arched with living rock.' 
 
 SIMMONS. 
 
 812. Gravantia ramos, ' weighing down the branches.' 
 
 813. Auro similes, 'yellow,' 'golden' clusters. Long-is 
 in vitibus, ' on the tall vines.' 
 
 814. Tibi et has, Sec,, ' I keep both the one and the other 
 for you,' 
 
 816. Fragu, n. pi., ' strawberries' (French, fraise). The sing. 
 fragum = a strawberry plant, is quoted by Lewis and Short 
 from the Herbarium, commonly attributed to Appuleius but 
 which is probably of 4th cent. A. D. 
 
 817 sq. Blue plums and wax-coloured, i.e. yellow. For 
 imitantia cf. ii. 2 : flammas imitante pyropo. 
 
 819. Deerunt. Always scanned as dissyllable. Siebelis 
 writes derunt. Cf. Virg. G. 2, 200 : 
 
 Non liquidi gregibus fontes, non gramina deerunt. 
 
 820. Serviet, ' shall be at your command.' 
 
 821. Hoc pecus, &c., 'All this flock is mine.' Multae, 
 sc. pecudes, easily understood from the preceding pecus. 
 Pecus, f. pecudis, is used of single sheep ; pecus. n. pecan's is 
 collective. 
 
 824 sq. He is a poor man who can count his flocks. I do 
 not ask you to take my word for their merits, you can come 
 yourself and see how they can hardly move their legs on each 
 side of their distended udders.' Siebelis puts a comma after 
 circumeant, and explains poles videre uber (in) cruribus (ita) 
 distentum, ut vix circumeant.
 
 1 1 8 MET A MORPHOSES. 
 
 827 sq. ' I have a younger stock, namely, lambs in a warm 
 fold, and kids also of the same age in another fold.' Od. 
 i 219 sq. : 
 
 ffrftvovro $e ffrfKoi 
 
 apvwv 778' fptipuv' SiaKeKpififvai Se fKaffrai 
 epxo.ro. 
 
 Par aetas, abstract for concrete, in apposition to haedi. 
 
 830. Partem, &c., ' a part of it rennet thickens.' Cf. 
 Od. t 246 sq., and xiv. 274 : cum lacte coagula passo (from 
 pattor) . 
 
 831. Deliciae faciles, ' easily obtained luxuries.' Cf. Virg. 
 Eel. 2, 40 sq. : 
 
 Praeterea duo, nee tuta mini valle reperti, 
 Capreoli ; . . . quos tibi servo. 
 
 For deliciae, ' pets,' Simmons compares Catul. 2, I : Passer 
 deliciae meae puellae. 
 
 832. Distinguish lepores and lepores. 
 
 833. Parve columbarum, &c., ' or a pair of doves, or a nest 
 robbed from the tree top.' For cacumen cf. xv. 396 : 
 
 Ilicet in ramis tremulaeque cacumine palmae 
 Unguibus et puro nidum sibi construit ore. 
 
 834 sq. Cf. Theocr. 1 1, 40 sq. 
 
 835. ' So like one another that you could hardly distinguish 
 them.' 
 
 836. Villosae, ' shaggy.' 
 
 838. Exere, ' raise,' ' put forth.' Merkel reads cxime in 
 same sense. 
 
 840. Cf. Theocr. 6, 34 sq. : 
 
 Kal yap Oriv ouS' eTSos ex*"' KO.K&V, &s fif \4yovn. 
 ?l yap irpa.v es ir6vrov ecrffihtirov, $s 8e yt\dva, 
 Ka\ KaAce fj.tv TO yeveia, Ka\a 8e /J.DI a fj.ia Kciipa, 
 &s Trap' ffj.lv KfKpiTttt, Karf^aivero, K. r. \. 
 
 Me, 'my appearance,'
 
 NOTES. 119 
 
 844. Nescio quern. Said in contempt, for Polyphemus did 
 not regard Jupiter. See line 761 and 857. 
 
 845. Prominet in vultus, ' overhangs my face.' 
 
 846 sq. 'Nor think it unsightly that my body bristles with 
 stiff hairs.' 
 
 847. Turpis sine frondibus arbor. Theocr. 8, 79 : r$ 
 Spvi ral ftd^av 
 
 849. This line, found only in some inferior MSS., Haupt re- 
 jects, on the ground that line 850 (barba viros, &c.) should then 
 have some other word to balance tegit instead of decent, which 
 in the reading of the text is contrasted with turpis. 
 
 851. Cf. Callimachus hymn, in Dianam, 52 sq. : vatrt (Kv/cA.a>t//i) 
 8' VTT' o(f>pvv cpafa fi.ovv&jXijva., irctaet T<ra Terpafioeicf ; and Virg. 
 A. 3> 635 sq. The clipeus was a round shield. 
 
 852. Haec omnia, the whole world. 
 
 854. Vestro, the sea where you Nereids live. See line 278. 
 Genitor meus, Neptune. 
 
 855. Cf. ix. 14. Tantum, 'only.' 
 
 857. Penetrabile, 'penetrating,' 'piercing.' This adj. is 
 passive in xii. 166 : corpus nullo penetrabile telo. Roby, 876, 
 gives a list of adjectives ending in -bilis mostly with a passive 
 sense ; for examples of an active sense, see Munro on Lucretius 
 I, II. 
 
 859. Contemptus, gen. case, ' I would be more willing to 
 submit to this disdain.' 
 
 861. The second Acin in this line is equivalent to Addis 
 complexus by comparatio compendiaria. 
 
 862 sq. ' Yet although he find favour in his own eyes, and, a 
 thing which I could wish were not so, in yours, Galatea ; let 
 only an opportunity offer, and he will feel that I have strength 
 proportioned to my size.' 
 
 868. Viribus, sc. ignis. ' I seem to bear in my breast Aetna 
 transferred thither with all its fiery strength.'
 
 120 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 873. Igrnaros, ' not aware of his approach.' 
 879. Symaethius heros, Acis ; see line 750. 
 881. Vestris regnis, sc. the sea. 
 
 884. Angrulus is molis, ' this corner of the mass.' M gives 
 angulus is motus over an erasure, whence Merkel conjectures 
 the reading of the text. Moles recurs in lines 887, 890. Cf. 
 viii. 357. Haupt reads angulus e saxo. 
 
 886. Ut vires, &c., i.e. that Acis should become a river like 
 his grandfather Symaethus, ' acquire the properties (powers) of 
 his grandfather.' 
 
 889 sq. 'And first it becomes the colour of a river muddied 
 by rain, and then it is gradually cleared.' Formora, 'gradually,' 
 ' after an interval,' cf. i. 400 sq. : 
 
 Saxa . . . 
 
 Ponere duritiem coepere suumque rigorem, 
 
 Mollirique mora, mollitaque ducere formam. 
 
 890. Fracta. M reads *tacta, whence Merkel conjectures 
 taetra. 
 
 892. ' The hollow mouth of the rock resounds with gushing 
 waters.' 
 
 893 sq. ' And, wonderful event ! a youth suddenly emerged, 
 as far as the waist, having his new-created horns circled with 
 twining reeds.' Cornua. River gods are represented with 
 horns as a symbol of strength, or in allusion to the branching of 
 a river at its delta. 
 
 896. Sic quoque, even so, even after being changed into a 
 river. The modern name of the river Acis is Fiume di laci. 
 
 898-968. Glaucus transformed into a sea-god. Glaucus being 
 enamoured of Scylla, narrates to her how he became a sea-god. 
 Having noticed that some fish which he had caught and laid on 
 a piece of grass suddenly recovered life and sprang into the 
 water, he tasted the grass, and, being seized with frenzy, 
 plunged into the sea,
 
 NOTES. 121 
 
 898. Coetu, sc. nympharum. The company of nymphs 
 mentioned in line 736. 
 
 900. Redit, namely, to the shore from the sea. 
 
 901. Bibula, 'that imbibes, sucks up the moisture.' 
 
 902. Seductos, &c., ' having found a retired retreat of the 
 waters.' Gurges always means ' a mass of water,' 'a flood,' 
 not a ' whirlpool, ' as given in the dictionaries. 
 
 904. Freto stridens, ' sweeping through the water.' Stri- 
 dens denotes the noise produced by passing rapidly through 
 water, as it is used of the sound produced by a retreating wave 
 in Virg. G. 4, 262 : 
 
 Ut mare sollicitum stridit refluentibus undis. 
 
 Gierig reads /return findens. R. Ellis ap. Simmons says 
 Heinsius' conjecture, /return stringens, is confirmed by D'Orv. 
 
 10, I, 5, 24. Translate, 'skimming over the water.' Cf. xi. 733 : 
 
 Stringebat summas ales miserabilis undas. 
 Novus incola, he had only lately become a sea-god. 
 
 905. Anthedon was a town of Boeotia on the Euboeansea; 
 modern name, Lukisi. 
 
 906. Cupidine haesit, ' is fast enchained with desire.' Cf. 
 
 11. 409 : in virgine Nonacrina haesit ; also xi. 244. 
 
 908. Velox timore, ' winged by fear,' ' swift through fear.' 
 
 909. Summum mentis. Summum is here a neuter sub- 
 stantive. Summum (adjective) montem is the usual expression, 
 but inadmissible here because of the participle positi. 
 
 910 sq. ' Facing the sea is a great peak tapering into one 
 point, stretching far up from the sea and arching over the sea.' 
 Zingerle reads longa sine arboribus instead of longus db aequori- 
 bus. The reading of M is longa sub arboribus convexus ad, 
 &c., which R.Ellis ap. Simmons explains, ' a peak sloping down 
 to a long stretch of sea-water, covered by trees.' 
 
 915. Tortilis, 'wriggling,' to express the peculiar motion by 
 which a fish propels itself ; or ' curved ' to describe the shape.
 
 1 22 MET A MORPHOSES. 
 
 916. Sensit, 'he perceived it,' viz. Scylla's astonishment at 
 his appearance. Moli, 'a ridge of rock'; see line 923. 
 
 918 sq. Nee majus, &c., 'nor has Proteus greater authority 
 over the sea.' Proteus, the prophetic old man of the sea, who 
 resided, according to Homer, in the island of Pharos, one day's 
 journey from the river Aegyptus (Nile), could change himself 
 into various shapes (see Od. 8 456 sq.), a power possessed also 
 by other sea deities, e.g. Thetis, xi. 243 sq. 
 
 919. Triton, son of Poseidon and Amphitrite. We find 
 mention of Tritons in the plural ; they are said to have had the 
 human form in the upper part of their body, and that of a fish 
 in the lower part. They are usually represented in works of 
 art blowing a shell (concha) to calm the waves. Palaemon 
 was the son of Athamas and Ino. His original name was 
 Melicertes, but it was changed when he became a sea-god, his 
 mother having plunged with him into the sea. The Romans 
 identified him with their own god Portumnus. 
 
 921. Debitus, &c., 'being destined by fate, no doubt, to 
 the deep waters, I even then (viz. while still a man) employed 
 myself in them.' Merkel reads deditus, ' devoted to, very fond 
 of, the sea.' 
 
 922 sq. ' For at one time I hauled in the nets which drew in 
 the fish ; at another, seated on a rock, I guided the line with 
 
 my fishing-rod.' For modo nunc = ' at one time .... 
 
 at another,' instead of the more usual modo, . . . modo, cf. Ov. 
 Fast. 4, 643 sq. Aliquando, interdum, nonnunquam, saepe, 
 rursus, are also found instead of the second modo. For duce- 
 bam ducentia cf. line 943, decerpsi decerpta ; line 966, 
 dicentem, dicturum. Ducere is often used of netting, or haul- 
 ing in game or fish, and is in such cases unnecessarily explained 
 by some as a synonym of decipere, with which word it is some- 
 times joined, e.g. iii. 586 sq. : 
 
 Pauper et ipse fuit, linoque solebat et hamis 
 Decipere et calamo salientes ducere pisces. 
 
 Her. 19, 13 : 
 
 Nunc volucrem laqueo, nunc piscem ducitis hamo. 
 
 For mole cf. line 916, and ii. 12. For harundine cf. viii. 
 217. Calamus is also used of a fishing-rod, iii. 587.
 
 NOTES. 123 
 
 925. 'One side is bordered by waves, the other by grass.' 
 Merkel reads funditur. The reading of M is 
 
 Mtitur 
 
 Altera pars fundit pars altera fungitur undis. 
 Hence Ellis conjectures 
 
 Altera pars findit, pars altera finditur undis, 
 
 which would describe a part of the shore which ran into the 
 sea, while the waves ran up on each side of it far into land. 
 Such combinations of active and passive are thoroughly Ovid- 
 ian; ii. 781 : carpilque et carpitur una ; x. 58 : prendique et 
 prendere ; x. 141 : lugebere nobis Lugebisque alias ; xi. 442: 
 pariterque feremus Quidquid erit, pariter super aequora lata 
 feremur. 
 
 926. Morsu laesere, ' grazed upon.' 
 
 927. Carpsistis. This transition to the second person is 
 called an apostrophe, and is common in the poets. 
 
 928. Haupt, in common with most editors, reads sedula for 
 sentine. Apis sedula, 'the busy bee.' Merkel strangely pro- 
 poses femine for sedida in violation of the metre. Femore, not 
 femine, moreover, is the usual foim of the ablative. (The latter, 
 however, is found in Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 48 ; Virg. A. 10, 788.) 
 The best MSS. give semine. Perhaps, therefore, the correct 
 reading may be collecto semine, which I have ventured to intro- 
 duce into the text. The j of semine would easily give rise to 
 collectos instead of collecto, and semine being then unintelligible, 
 the epithet sedula (applied to the bee in Tibullus, 2, I, 50) 
 would be a natural conjecture. If this suggestion be adopted, 
 translate, ' thence no bee carried off the flowers by collecting 
 the pollen.' A bee could not, in the literal sense, be said to 
 carry off the flowers, but it might figuratively be said so to do 
 by rubbing off the pollen, which from its fructifying power is 
 called semen. 
 
 Since writing this note I have seen a recent paper by Mr. Ellis, 
 in the Transactions of the Oxford Philological Society, which 
 confirms my conjecture, collecto semine, Mr. Ellis's words are : 
 ' Two of the earliest Bodleian MSS. have, Auct. F. iv. 30, colecto 
 semine, D'Orv. x. i, 5, 24, collecto semina; and the former of
 
 124 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 these seems to be right. The bee carries flowers of which it has 
 gathered the seed : in other words, the pollen or collectum semen 
 florum? It should be observed that the apparently harsh ex- 
 pression ferre flores = ' collect honey,' might perhaps be justified 
 by the use of flares adgerere and flores comportare in a similar 
 sense in Plin. Nat. H. 1 1, 20 sq. : Cum agmen (sc. apium] ad 
 opera processit, aliae flores adgerunt pedibus, aliae aquam ore 
 guttasque lanugine totius corporis. Quae flores comportant, 
 prioribus pedibus femina onerant propter id natura scabra. 
 Virgil, in Gr. 4, 54, uses the words metunt flores of bees gather- 
 ing honey. Flores, morever, may be used for ' the sap of 
 flowers,' i.e. honey, as herbis, for ' the juice of herbs,' in vii. 
 149: 
 
 Pervigilem superest herbis sopire draconem. 
 
 The reading of the text may therefore describe the twofold 
 operation of collecting honey and collecting pollen. The epithet 
 florilegae is applied to bees in xv. 366. Florifer is limited to 
 the sense of 'flowery' ; see Lucr. 3, II. 
 
 929. G-enialia serta, ' festal garlands.' According to 
 Roman ideas, each man had a guardian deity, or genius, whom 
 it was usual to propitiate by offerings on festive occasions ; 
 hence genio indulgere = to enjoy yourself. Cf. iv. 14 : genialis 
 uva, ' the grape which maketh glad the heart of man.' x. 95 : 
 platanus genialis, ' the plane-tree under which festivals were 
 celebrated.' 
 
 930 sq. Primus, &c., 'I was the first who sat on that turf, 
 while drying my dripping lines.' 
 
 932. Eecenserem, 'number.' Ordine, 'in a row.' 
 
 933. Insuper, &c., 'I laid them out on the turf.' 
 
 935. Res similis fictae, sc. rei -videtur. ' It seems like a 
 fiction ; but what motive can I have to invent a fiction?' 
 
 936. Mea praeda, the fish I had caught. 
 
 937. Mutare latus, ' to spring from side to side.' Niti, 
 ' to make their way.' In may be supplied before terra from in 
 aequore. 
 
 942. ' But what kind of grass is it, said I, that has such 
 power as this ? ' sc. to bring dead fish to life.
 
 NOTES. 1*5 
 
 944. ' Scarcely had my throat well imbibed,' &c. Bene 
 emphasises vix. 
 
 946. Alterius naturae, ' the other element,' i.e. water. 
 
 947. Restare, 'resist,' sc. the desire. On the not uncom- 
 mon use of restare for resisfere, see Munro's Lucr. i, no and 
 2,45<>. 
 
 949. Socio honore = honore, ut socius essem. The honour 
 of being their companion. 
 
 950. Cf. iv. 539 : Neptunus dbstulit illis Quod mortals fuit. 
 
 951. Tethys was the wife of Oceanus. Hesiod, Theog. 537 : 
 
 Tij0i/s o'ClKfavf rioTajuotis re'/ce S 
 
 952. Noviens. Three and multiplies of three were regarded 
 as sacred numbers. Cf. vii. 261 : 
 
 Terque senem flamma, ter aqua, ter sulphure lustrat. 
 
 953. The rivers were to remove all traces of mortality, as 
 appears on a comparison of xiv. 600 sq. 
 
 956. Memoranda, ' worth telling.' 
 
 958. When I recovered my senses I found myself changed 
 alike in body and mind. 
 
 960. Viridem ferrugine, 'of a green verdigris colour.' 
 ' Ferrugine, not of course the (red) rust of iron, but that of 
 copper, or of copper ores, properly called aerugo : compare 
 tincti -viridi aerugine in Martial.' MONTGOMREY. 
 
 961. Verro, 'trail'; cf. line 492. 
 
 962. Ingrentes. Because as a god he was larger than before. 
 
 Caerula. The sea deities are represented as of the same 
 colour as their element. 
 
 963. 'And my legs at the extremities rounded into a finny 
 fish.' Pinna = a fin in Plin. Nat. H. 9, 42. Pisce is the in- 
 strumental abl. The same meaning is expressed by in piscem, 
 iv. 727. For crura nomssima cf. novissima cauda, iii. 681.
 
 iz6 METAMORPHOSES. 
 
 965. Tu, Scylla. Tangreris, 'affected,' 'touched.' Cf. x. 
 614: 
 
 Nee forma tangor, poteram tamen hac quoque tangi. 
 
 967. Scylla furens. The reading of the text is that of 
 Merkel, after M, a Florentine MS. of the close of the eleventh 
 century. Haupt reads Scylla deum. 
 
 968. The epithet Titanis is applied to Circe as being a daughter 
 of the sun. Prodig-iosa atria, translated by Lewis and Short 
 ' the marvellous halls ' ; but it rather means ' the halls filled with 
 prodigies or unnatural forms ' in reference to Circe changing 
 men into various animals. See xiv. 9, 10, 254 sq. See also 
 the use otprodigium in line 917.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 THE NUMERALS REFER TO THE NOTES. 
 
 Ab, 105, 597, 720. 
 Abire, 674. 
 Acceptus, 467. 
 Acerra, 703. 
 Acies, 207. 
 Acis, 719. 
 Actorides, 273. 
 Admovere, 454. 
 Adsuetus, 554. 
 Ad versus, 541, 614. 
 Aetas, 827. 
 Aethiopis, 284, 576. 
 Agnoscere, 27. 
 Ait, 265. 
 Ajax, 2. 
 
 AH, 53- 
 Aliquid, 241. 
 Alliteration, 386. 
 Alter, 775, 946. 
 Ambiguus, 129. 
 Ambitiosus, 289. 
 Ambo, 299. 
 Anaphora, 8, ^85. 
 Andraemon, 357. 
 Angulus, 884. 
 Anilis, 533. 
 Anius, 623. 
 Antandrus, 628. 
 Anteit, 366. 
 
 Anticlea, 48. 
 Antistita, 410. 
 Antrum, 763. 
 Anxius, 371. 
 Aonius, 682. 
 Apollineus, 631. 
 Apostrophe, 927. 
 Arctos, 293, 726. 
 Argumentum, 684, 
 Arsurus, 274. 
 Asper, 700. 
 Astyanax, 415. 
 Atrides, 439. 
 Augurium, 650. 
 Ausonius, 708. 
 Aut, 672. 
 Aversus, 229. 
 
 Benignior, 253. 
 
 Bibulus, 901. 
 
 -bilis, adjectives in, 857. 
 
 Bona, 139. 
 
 Boreas, 418. 
 
 Bustum, 452, 515. 
 
 Buthrotos, 721. 
 
 Caelamina, 291. 
 Caelatus, no. 
 Caerulus, 288, 742, 962.
 
 128 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Captivus, 252, 471. 
 
 Carbasus, 419. 
 
 Carere, 139. 
 
 Certamen, 129. 
 
 Cessare, 326. 
 
 Chiasmus, 138, 550. 
 
 Circumire, 824. 
 
 Clangor, 611. 
 
 Colcha = Colchica, 24. 
 
 Communia, 271. 
 
 Communicate, 239. 
 
 Communis, 303. 
 
 Comparatio compendiaria, 86 1. 
 
 Concitare, 226. 
 
 Conclamare, 73. 
 
 Conferre, 6, 338. 
 
 Conjuncta, 96. 
 
 Consedere, I. 
 
 Consonus, 610. 
 
 Censors, 663. 
 
 Conspectus, 794. 
 
 Contemptus, 859. 
 
 Cornu, 893. 
 
 Corona, I. 
 
 Coronae, 675. 
 
 Corpus, 368. 
 
 Corripere, 69. 
 
 Cragaleus, 705. 
 
 Crataeis, 749. 
 
 Crater, 700. 
 
 Crimen, 303. 
 
 Culpa, 300. 
 
 Cultu, 163. 
 
 Cum crimine, 46. 
 
 Cuneatus, 778. 
 
 Cyllenius, 146. 
 
 Cythereius, 625. 
 
 Danaas classes, 92. 
 Dardanius, 334. 
 Debita, 53. 
 
 Deerunt, 819. 
 
 Defccto poplite, 477. 
 
 Degravare 776. 
 
 Deliciae, 831. 
 
 Delius, 650. 
 
 Demittere, 436, 694. 
 
 Deploratos, 481. 
 
 Detrectare, 36, 271. 
 
 Deus, 147. 
 
 Devorare, 540. 
 
 Devovere, 330. 
 
 Diversas urbes, 294. 
 
 Dolon, 98, 243, 253. 
 
 Dolor, 1 8 1, 494. 
 
 Dominus, 2, 138, 389, 402, 487. 
 
 Dotare, 523. 
 
 Dubitabilis, 21. 
 
 Dubius, 754. 
 
 Ducere, 922. 
 
 Dulichius, 107, 425, 711. 
 
 Duodeni, 618. 
 
 Durae sortes, 184. 
 
 Dymantis, 620. 
 
 Ecce, 91. 
 Educere, 393. 
 Ejectus, 536. 
 Epanalepsis, 581, 770. 
 Epiphonema, 84. 
 Ergo, 620. 
 Erigi, 234. 
 Est, 135, 155. 
 Et, 6, 262, 498. 
 erfpoiovfteva, 7 I 3 < 
 Etiamnum, 668. 
 Eurypylus, 357. 
 Eventus, 278. 
 Exiguus, 409. 
 Expellere, 394, 562. 
 Exsecrari, 329. 
 Externus, 406.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 129 
 
 Facere, 741. 
 Fallere, 462, 641. 
 Fatale, 381. 
 Felix, 719. 
 Ferre, 118, 285. 
 Ferreus, 516. 
 Ferrugo, 960. 
 Fidelis, 318. 
 Fidus, 318. 
 Fortia, 170. 
 Fraga, 816. 
 Frater, 31. 
 Futura, 74. 
 
 Genialis, 929. 
 Genitives in zus, 425. 
 Gestare, 347. 
 Glaucus, 898. 
 Gurges, 902. 
 
 Haerere, 906. 
 Harundo, 784, 922. 
 Haurire, 425, 535, 787. 
 Haustus, 525. 
 Hecabe, 423, 556. 
 Hectoreus, 7. 
 Hellespontus, 407. 
 Hiems, 709. 
 Hiscere, 231. 
 Hortator scelerum, 45. 
 Hyadas, 293. 
 Hyleus, 684. 
 
 Idem, 798. 
 'I\ias fjLiKpd, 99. 
 'l\(ov itfpais, 399. 
 Imago, 484, 713. 
 Imitari, 252, 817. 
 Imperare with subj., 658. 
 Inanis, 488. 
 
 Incautum, 104. 
 Incola, 904. 
 In cursu, 506. 
 Iners, 76. 
 Infamis, 400. 
 Inferiae, 428, 516. 
 Inficere, 602. 
 Injicere manum, 170. 
 Inpendere, 266. 
 In promptu, 161. 
 Inritamen, 433. 
 Inserere, 33. 
 Invidiosus, 414. 
 Iphitides, 257. 
 Ismarius, 530. 
 Ismenius, 682. 
 Iste, n, 157, 237. 
 Itenim, 753. 
 Ithacus, 98. 
 
 Jacere, 75, 178, 495. 
 Jamdudum, 457. 
 Jam nunc, 19. 
 Juppitur, 706. 
 Juratus, 50. 
 
 Labor, 297, 373. 
 Lacrimantia, 132. 
 Laertiades, 48. 
 Latitare, 786. 
 Latrare, 620. 
 Latro, 121. 
 Laus, 350. 
 Lemnos, 46, 313. 
 Lentus. 800. 
 Leonine, 230. 
 Levis, 792. 
 Liber, 650. 
 Licet, 328, 
 Ligustrum, 789. 
 Litotes, 241.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Locus, 156, 263. 
 
 Ne facite, 447. 
 
 Luce, 100. 
 
 Nefandas, 203. 
 
 Ltistrare, 610. 
 
 Nempe, 93, 178, 339. 
 
 Luteus, 579. 
 Lyrnesia, 176. 
 
 Neoptolemus, 455. 
 Nereia, 162. 
 
 
 Niti, 937. 
 
 
 Nobilis, 794. 
 
 Magna loqui, 222. 
 
 Nobilitas, 22. 
 
 Ma Jr, 359, 651. 
 
 Non aequa, 131. 
 
 Mala sors, 485. 
 
 Nonus, 277. 
 
 Male convicti, 58. 
 
 Noster, 331, 752. 
 
 Maligne, 270. 
 
 Novus, 406. 
 
 Manare, 629. 
 
 Nudum, 159. 
 
 Manes, 448. 
 
 
 Manus, 382, 403. 
 
 
 Marmoreus, 746. 
 
 Obesse, 463. 
 
 Mater, 678. 
 
 Octoni, 753. 
 
 Matres, 688. 
 
 Odrysius, 554. 
 
 Maturior, 300. 
 
 Oebalius, 395. 
 
 Medius, 780. 
 
 Opem, 669. 
 
 Memini, 280. 
 
 Orbntor. 500. 
 
 Me miserum, 280. 
 
 Orion, 692. 
 
 Memnon, 576. 
 
 Oscula, 491. 
 
 Mentis, 150, 372. 
 
 
 Mi, 503. 
 
 
 Mihi, 67. 
 
 Palaemon, 919. 
 
 Minor, 354. 
 
 Palamedes, 34. 
 
 Moderation, 356. 
 
 Parental!*, 619. 
 
 Moles, 75, 884, 916, 922. 
 
 Parentes, 449. 
 
 Moniti somni, 216. 
 
 Pars una, 51. 
 
 Mora, 205, 225, 300, 458, 889. 
 
 Patens, 311. 
 
 Mortalia, 70. 
 
 Pater, 187, 669. 
 
 Munus, 296, 511, 525, 679. 
 
 Patria, 421. 
 
 Murmur, 124. 
 
 Pectus, 290, 326. 
 
 Murus, 281. 
 
 Pecus, 821. 
 
 Mutate, 937. 
 
 Pelasga, 208. 
 
 
 Pelias, 109. 
 
 
 Penetrabilis, 857. 
 
 Nam, 140, 211. 
 
 Penetrale, 337. 
 
 Natales, 753. 
 
 Pensa, 511. 
 
 Natus, in, 645, 661. 
 
 Pensare, 192, 372. 
 
 Naupliades, 310. 
 
 Per, 146, 744. 
 
 Nee, 263. 
 
 Peiiidus, 246.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 131 
 
 Petiit, 443. 
 
 Phaeax, 719. 
 
 Phrygius, 44, 432. 
 
 Phthia, 156. 
 
 Pinna, 724. 
 
 Pinniger, 963. 
 
 Pius, 301, 621, 626. 
 
 Placare, 448. 
 
 Pleiadas, 293. 
 
 Plural for singular, 82, 376. 
 
 Poeantia proles, 45. 
 
 Polymestor, 436. 
 
 Pondere, 86. 
 
 Positus, 543. 
 
 Possis, 664. 
 
 Poteiemur, 130. 
 
 Potitur, 729. 
 
 Praeda, 936. 
 
 Praefodere, 60. 
 
 Praesto, 312. 
 
 Praetervehi, 713. 
 
 Priameius, 404. 
 
 Priamides, 99. 
 
 Pro, 5, 758- 
 
 Proavitus, 416. 
 
 Probare, 59. 
 
 Procella, 656. 
 
 Prodesse in, 29. 
 
 Prodigiosns, 968. 
 
 Producere, 323. 
 
 Profecturus, 411. 
 
 Projicere, 1 66. 
 
 Pronepos, 141. 
 
 Prosequi, 679. 
 
 Proteus, 918. 
 
 Pyrrhus, 155. 
 
 Qua, 115, 391. 
 
 Quamvis, 463. 
 
 Que, 258. 
 
 Qui after meum est, 237. 
 
 Quin, with imper., 458. 
 
 Quo, 103, 518. 
 
 Quoque, 63, 504, 571, 734. 
 
 Rapere, 775. 
 Rastrum, 765. 
 Recensere, 481, 932. 
 Referre, 141, 268, 443, 747- 
 Refert, 268. 
 Reficere, 172. 
 Religare, 439. 
 Rem Danaam, 59. 
 Remittere, 702. 
 Remotus, 100. 
 Repellere, 273. 
 Repetere, 739. 
 Reponere, 235. 
 Reposcere, 179. 
 Rerum, 508. 
 Resecutus, 749. 
 Resolvere, 126. 
 Restare, 947. 
 Resupinus, 86. 
 Rorare, 621. 
 
 Sacrificus, 589. 
 
 Sarpedon, 255. 
 
 Satus, 123. 
 
 Scilicet, 288. 
 
 Scyrus, 156, 175. 
 
 Secreta, 555. 
 
 Secundus, 418. 
 
 Sed enim, 141. 
 
 Sedula, 928. 
 
 Semen, 928. 
 
 Sentire, 287, 504, 762, 785, 916. 
 
 Septemplex, 2. 
 
 Series, 29. 
 
 Servire, 820. 
 
 Sicania, 724. 
 
 Sicut erat, 585. 
 
 Sigeuin, 3.
 
 I 3 2 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Signa, 412. 
 
 Tenere, 190, 475, 706. 
 
 Silentes, 25. 
 
 Tergora, 347. 
 
 Similis, 442. 
 
 Tertius ab, 28. 
 
 Simul, 545. 
 
 Thebae, 173. 
 
 Sine crimine, 57. 
 
 Thebes, 685. 
 
 Sinistra, in. 
 
 Theorus, 399. 
 
 Sisyphus, 26. 
 
 Thrax, 436. 
 
 Sithonius, 571. 
 
 Tirynthius, 401. 
 
 Socius, 328, 375, 949. 
 
 Tlepolemus, 255. 
 
 Socus, 71. 
 
 Tollere, 556. 
 
 Sol, 793- 
 
 Tortilis, 915. 
 
 Sons, 563. 
 
 Totus, 546. 
 
 Spatiosus, 206. 
 
 Trahere, 116. 
 
 Spectari, 120. 
 
 Tribulus, 803. 
 
 Spes, 94. 
 
 Triton, 919. 
 
 Spoliis, 153. 
 
 Tutius, 9. 
 
 Spondee in fifth foot, 407, 684. 
 
 Tydides, 68, 239. 
 
 Stare, 325. 
 
 
 Stridere, 904. 
 
 
 Sub, 34, 202, 729. 
 
 Ultimus, 36, 124, 403, 494. 
 
 Subducere, 61. 
 
 Usus, 211, 215. 
 
 Sublime, 283. 
 
 Ut. 3, 177,447- 
 
 Succedere, 133. 
 
 Utilis, 630. 
 
 Successor, 51, 118. 
 
 
 Successus, 85. 
 
 
 Summa sceptri, 191. 
 
 Valere, 89. 
 
 Summum, 909. 
 
 Velari, 53. 
 
 Sustinere, 385, 584, 587. 
 
 Verrere, 961. 
 
 Sustollere, 541. 
 
 Vester, 89, 278, 656, 854, 88r 
 
 Suus, 195. 
 
 Vetus, 400. 
 
 Symaethis, 75- 
 
 Vigil, 370. 
 
 Symaethius, 879. 
 
 Villosus, 836. 
 
 
 Virtus, 21. 
 
 
 Vitrum, 791. 
 
 Tantum, 855. 
 
 Vivax, 519. 
 
 Telamoniades, 231. 
 
 Volatus, 611. 
 
 Telamonius, 194. 
 
 Volucris, 607. 
 
 Telemus, 770. 
 
 Vos, 597. 
 
 Telephus, 171. 
 
 Vovero, 88. 
 
 Telum, 692. 
 
 Vox, 218. 
 
 Temptamen, 19. 
 
 Vulcania, 313. 
 
 THE END.
 
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