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 BRIEF HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 NEWARK ACADEMY 
 
 1774-1792-1916 ^^^ 
 
 BY 
 
 WILSON FARRAND 
 
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 CONTRIBUTION TO THE CELEBRATION OF 
 THE 250th ANNIVERSARY OF THE 
 FOUNDING OF NEWARK 
 MAY. 1916 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2007 with funding from 
 
 IVIicrosoft Corporation 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/briefhistoryofneOOfarrrich 
 
SAMUEL ASHBEL FARRAND. Ph.D. 
 Head Master. 1859-1865 and 1875-1908 
 
A 
 
 BRIEF HISTORY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 NEWARK ACADEMY 
 
 1774 - 1792 - 1916 
 
 BY 
 
 WILSON FARRAND 
 
 -.1 
 
 CONTRIBUTION TO THE CELEBRATION OF 
 THE 250th ANNIVERSARY OF THE 
 FOUNDING OF NEWARK 
 MAY. 1916 
 
VT>f\ 
 
 (M> 
 
 i 
 
 
FOR the celebration of the Centennial of the founding of the 
 Newark Academy in 1892, Mr. William R. Weeks, at that 
 time President of the Alumni Association, prepared a 
 sketch of the history of the Academy, in regard to which he had 
 for a long time been collecting data. 
 
 My father, Dr. Samuel A. Farrand, for many years had been 
 investigating the early records and gathering material for a his- 
 tory of the school, two chapters of which had been completed at 
 the time of his death in 1908. 
 
 The present sketch makes no pretense to originality. It is 
 based on the investigations of Dr. Farrand and Mr. Weeks, and 
 in compiling it free use has been made of the materials gathered 
 by them. In some cases I have not hesitated to use their words. 
 
 It is my desire and intention, at some time in the not very 
 remote future, to make this brief sketch the basis of a more com- 
 plete and adequate history. The true history of the Academy, 
 however, and the best record of its achievement is to be found 
 in the list of the able and worthy men, whom for a century and a 
 quarter it has been training and sending out to act as leaders in 
 the civic and intellectual life of the community. 
 
 WILSON FARRAND. 
 
 M12780 
 
THE NEWARK ACADEMY 
 
 THE FIRST SCHOOLS IN NEWARK 
 
 Newark was first settled in May, 1 666. 
 
 The first school in New Jersey, in all probability, was estab- 
 lished in Bergen in 1 662, and was taught by Engelbert Steen- 
 huysen. The first school in Newark began its work in 1 676. 
 
 At a Town Meeting held in November, 1675, it was voted 
 that: 
 
 "Item — The Town's Men have Liberty to see if they can 
 find a competent Number of Schollars, and accommodations for 
 a School Master, within this Town,'* and in the records of another 
 meeting on the 7th of February following we read: 
 
 "Item — The Town hath consented that the Town's Men 
 should perfect the Bargain with the School Master for the Year, 
 upon Condition that he will come for this Year, and do his faith- 
 ful, honest, and true Endeavor, to teach the Children or servants 
 of those as have subscribed, the reading and writing of English, 
 and also Arethmetick if they desire it; as much as they are cap- 
 able to learn and he capable to teach them, w^ithin the Compass 
 of this Year — nowise hindring but that he may make what bar- 
 gain he please, with those as have not subscribed. It is voted, 
 that the Town's Men have Liberty to compleat the Bargain with 
 the School Master, they knowing the Town's Mind." 
 
 Under this authority John Catlin was employed, and became 
 the first teacher in Newark. He appears to have been an active 
 and public-spirited man, at one time holding the office of town 
 attorney, and at another being chosen as one of the Town's Men. 
 
 The first school-house was probably the one known to be 
 standing in 1714, a log house with a dirt floor, on the south 
 side of Market Street near Halsey. 
 
 In 1 746, Rev. Aaron Burr, Pastor of the First Presbyterian 
 Church, established a classical school, which was very prosperous 
 
and attained a wide reputation. It was later united with The Col- 
 lege of New Jersey, which had been founded at Elizabeth, but 
 which, upon the death of its first President, Rev. Jonathan Dickin- 
 son, was removed to Newark, Mr. Burr becoming its President. 
 The College was removed to Princeton in 1 756, and later became 
 known as Princeton College. It was not, however, until 1896 
 that its title was officially changed to Princeton University. 
 
 :;. THE FIRST ACADEMY IN NEWARK 
 
 At a town meeting held March 8, 1 774, it was 
 
 *'\/^oy.cd, that a 3chool house may be built on any of the 
 Comon Land in Newark — and the particular Place shall be 
 where a major Part of the Subscribers in Value shall appoint." 
 
 This action undoubtedly had reference to the organization 
 of the Academy, which was then in progress. Unfortunately 
 the records of this organization were lost, but it is known that 
 sufficient money was subscribed by interested citizens, and a 
 building erected. 
 
 This building stood near the south side of Washington Park, 
 directly opposite the residence of the late Beach Vanderpool. It 
 is described as, "a sightly and commodious stone edifice," two 
 stories high, with dwelling rooms for the teacher and his family, 
 besides accommodations for pupils who might desire to be lodged 
 and boarded. Among the Trustees of the Academy were Rev. 
 Alexander McWhorter, William Burnet, Esq., Caleb Camp, Esq., 
 Jonathan Crane, and Alexander Eagles. 
 
 The following advertisement appeared in the New York 
 Journal or the General Advertiser, of Nov. 24, 1 774: 
 
 ''Wanted immediately 
 
 At the Academy at Newark, in New-Jersey, an English 
 school-master. None need apply but a person who can bring 
 ample testimonials of his being capable of instructing youth, in 
 the several branches of reading, writing, and arithmetic, and of 
 his good character. Such a one will meet with good encourage- 
 ment, by applying to William Camp or Isaac Longworth at 
 Newark." 
 
 In the Poets* Corner of the New York Journal or the Gen- 
 eral Advertiser for Jan. 12, 1 775, we read: 
 
 "The following verses were spoken by a boy at the opening 
 of the Academy at Newark, in New-Jersey, upon the fourth 
 instant, addressed to the Gentlemen concerned in building that 
 elegant structure: 
 
AMIDST the ranks who try by different ways, 
 
 To purchase honors or to merit praise, 
 The GOD-LIKE MAN how rare! How few like YOU 
 
 Disinterested paths to fame pursue? 
 YOU who lavish' d sums (the fruits of peace) 
 
 To bless the present and succeeding race! 
 To sing your praise MY infant muse is weak. 
 
 But what SHE cannot, let this fabric speak; 
 Yet deign t' accept the tribute of my lay. 
 
 For thanks is all a poet has to pay. 
 O may your labors with success be crow^n'd. 
 
 And NEWARK still for lit*rature renowned. 
 So shall fair science bless our happy land. 
 
 And in fame's roll, your names immortal stand. 
 Newark. 6th January, 1774." (1775) 
 
 At the Town Meeting held on March 14, 1 775, it was: 
 
 * 'Voted unanimously, that One Acre and an half of Land 
 in the Town Commons at the North End of the Town, may be 
 taken up for the Use of the new Academy lately erected on s'd 
 land. Voted, that Lewis Ogden Esq'r, William Camp, Isaac 
 Ogden Esq., Capt. Anthony Rutgers, Joseph Hedden Jun'r, 
 Samuel Hayes, and Joseph Ailing, or any four of them be a Com- 
 mittee to lay out one Acre and an half of Land, for the Use of the 
 Academy in such Manner as they shall think proper." 
 
 In the New York Journal or the General Advertiser for 
 March 23, 1 775, also in Rivington's New York Gazetteer for the 
 same date, the following announcement appeared: 
 
 *The ACADEMY lately erected in a healthy part of the 
 pleasant town of Newark in New Jersey, about eight miles from 
 the city of New York, will on the third day of April next, be fit 
 for the reception of the masters proper for the instruction of 
 youth, and of such children as can with conveniency lodge and 
 board therein. There will be taught the learned languages and 
 several branches of Mathematicks. There will be also an Eng- 
 lish School for the teaching of Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, and 
 Bookkeeping in the usual and Italian Methods. Different rooms 
 will be made use of for each branch of instruction; and such as 
 choose may have their children taught the English tongue gram- 
 matically. The boys are separated from the girls in the English 
 School. Those who can't board in the Academy, may have good 
 lodging near the same in private families. The regulation and 
 general direction of the instruction of the scholars will be under 
 
the auspices of the Governors of the Academy, who will from 
 time to time inspect the conduct of the several masters, and 
 examine the improvements of their pupils in learning. 
 
 "Mr. William Haddon, one long experienced by several of 
 the said governors to be well qualified to teach the learned Lan- 
 guages and the Mathematicks, will have the superintendency of 
 the youth to be taught in those branches of learning, and Robert 
 Allan and Son to have the care and keeping the schools for the 
 instruction of Reading, Writing, Arithmetick, and Bookkeeping, 
 who have discharged those trusts to the great satisfaction of their 
 employers. As the intention of the benefactors and builders of 
 this stately edifice, is for preparing youth to be useful members 
 of the community, the greatest care will be taken not only to 
 have them well instructed in the branches of learning which 
 their parents respectively order, but also in the paths of virtue 
 and morality: Care also will be taken that they attend public 
 worship at the usual times of holding the same at the churches 
 to which they belong, there being in the said town two churches, 
 one the Church of England, and the other the Presbyterian; the 
 ministers of which, for the time being, are always to be of the 
 number of the said Governors, and it is hoped that they, with 
 the other Governors, will give that attendance to the trust they 
 have undertaken, as will answer the laudable end proposed, and 
 give ample satisfaction to the parents and guardians of children 
 sent to the said Academy. 
 
 Newark. 1 0th March, 1775. 
 N. B. TTie tuition money for teaching the learned Languages 
 and branches of Mathematicks is £5. New York currency per 
 annum. Reading the English Language 8 shillings per quarter. 
 Reading and writing English 1 shillings per quarter. Reading, 
 Writing, and Arithmetick 1 2 shillings per quarter.*' 
 
 Newark at that time was a small village with less than 1,000 
 inhabitants, and it is strong evidence of their liberality and public 
 spirit that they should from their limited means build, what was 
 for that time, "a stately and commodious edifice" for their new 
 Academy. They were proud of their school, and for a time its 
 prosperity equalled their expectations. The War of the Revolu- 
 tion, however, broke out. Principal Haddon was an ardent Loy- 
 alist, and fled to New York for protection. Another teacher was 
 procured and an attempt was made to continue the work of the 
 school. It was finally given up, however, and the school found a 
 new service in the cause of liberty, being used as a barracks. 
 
guard-house, and hospital for American troops. On the night of 
 January 25, 1 780, it was burned to the ground by a raiding party 
 of British from New York. 
 
 The following account of this episode is copied from the 
 New Jersey Journal of February 2, 1 780: 
 
 "The same night another party of the enemy, consisting of 
 drafts from the different regiments stationed in New York, 
 passed over the North River in sleighs, to Powle's Hook; from 
 thence through Bergen, the nearest way to Newark. They en- 
 tered the town in three divisions, and proceeded to the academy, 
 where they surprised and took about fifteen men, being all the 
 troops that were on duty in the town — a lieutenant, notwith- 
 standing he was twice a prisoner with the enemy, by his vigilance 
 effected his escape. They then set fire to the academy, which 
 they consumed, during which time a party was detached to sev- 
 eral of the inhabitants* houses, which they rifled of the most val- 
 uable effects; that which was not portable they destroyed. They 
 took off Justice Hedden and Robert Neil, Jun., two of the inhab- 
 itants. The former gentleman was taken out of his bed, and 
 without any of his clothes on except his shirt and a pair of 
 stockings, carried off, notwithstanding the strongest solicitations 
 of Mrs. Hedden to the officers, for permission for her husband to 
 dress himself. She received two wounds with a bayonet, one in 
 the face, the other in the breast. 
 
 "They continued in town about fifteen or eighteen minutes. 
 A few militia being hastily collected, pursued their rear, by which 
 means five of the enemy fell into their hands. Two of them died 
 a short time after from the intense cold. Justice Hedden is so 
 frost-bitten, that it is thought he will lose both his legs.** 
 
 For twelve years there was no Academy in Newark, and so 
 far as the records show no school was maintained. 
 
 THE NEWARK ACADEMY 
 
 On November 30, 1791, a meeting was held at Gifford*s 
 Tavern, at which Rev. Dr. Alexander McWhorter, Rev. Uzal 
 Ogden and Mr. John Burnet were appointed a committee to solicit 
 subscriptions for rebuilding the old Academy, or erecting a new 
 one. Articles of association were signed, in w^hich it was declared 
 to be "the duty, interest and honor of the town to promote the 
 education of youth by erecting a large and convenient Academy 
 for teaching English, the learned Languages, and Arts and 
 Sciences.*' 
 
The original subscription list, written on parchment, is still 
 in the possession of the Academy Trustees. 
 
 At a meeting held February 3, 1 792, Isaac Gouverneur was 
 chosen President of the Association; Rev. Uzal Ogden, Secre- 
 tary; and Rev. Dr. Alexander McWhorter, Rev. Uzal Ogden, 
 Isaac Gouverneur, William P. Smith, Abraham Ogden, Samuel 
 Hay, Moses Ogden, Philip Kearney and Dr. Uzal Johnson, Stand- 
 ing Committee. 
 
 At a meeting of the standing committee, held February 3, 
 1 792, the size and style of the building were agreed upon, and 
 Rev. Dr. McWhorter, Rev. Mr. Ogden, Abraham Ogden, Philip 
 Kearny and Elisha Boudinot were appointed a committee to 
 obtain further donations. 
 
 At a meeting of the proprietors, held on the 8th of Febru- 
 ary, 1 792, a general constitution was agreed upon and adopted. 
 Two articles of this constitution are of permanent interest, and 
 are as follows: 
 
 Article I. All the subscribers to the building shall be con- 
 sidered as sole proprietors in common of the Academy, and 
 shall hold their interest in it, and in all property now pertaining, 
 or that shall hereafter pertain to it, in proportion to the amount 
 of their respective subscriptions; and they shall be known by the 
 name and stile of The Proprietors of the Academy in Newark. 
 The deed for the land on which the building shall stand, shall be 
 made to them as Tenants in Common, and not as Joint Tenants, 
 to be had and holden to them and their assigns for the uses and 
 purposes hereinafter expressed, and for no other purpose what- 
 ever. 
 
 IX. The lot and land purchased by the proprietors, and the 
 building which shall be erected thereon, with all the property 
 which may hereafter pertain to the institution, shall never be 
 appropriated to any uses or purposes but for the education of 
 youth, in the English, French, Latin and Greek Languages, and 
 in Arts and Sciences, and for the support and accommodation of 
 Tutors and Masters, except the third story of the Academy, which 
 will be the property of the fraternity of Free Masons, they com- 
 plying with the terms proposed and agreed on. 
 
 It is evident that the committee having in charge the erec- 
 tion of the new building thought that they were the legitimate 
 successors of those who governed the former school w^hich was 
 destroyed by the British, for, on September 26, 1 792, they 
 
 "Resolved, that the Rev. Doctor McWhorter. the Rev. Mr. 
 
 10 
 
Ogden, Judge Smith, Mr. Abm. Ogden and Mr. Boudinot be a 
 Committee to thank the Hon. Elias Boudinot and the Hon. Abra- 
 ham Clark for their services in endeavouring to obtain of Con- 
 gress an Indemnification for the Academy in this Town, burnt by 
 the British Troops, and also to transmit to those Gentlemen 
 Documents respecting the Expences of said Building and its being 
 burnt as aforesaid because it was occupied as a Guard House by 
 the American Troops.*' 
 
 At the close of the Revolution many such claims for indem- 
 nity were made by institutions and individuals whose property 
 had been destroyed by the British. None of these were granted, 
 and the claim of the Academy proved as fruitless as did the 
 others. The episode clearly shows, however, that, while there 
 is no record of any corporate connection between the two insti- 
 tutions, the founders of the Newark Academy regarded them- 
 selves as the direct successors of the men who had built the first 
 Aademy in 1 774. Rev. Dr. McWhorter who was a leading spirit 
 in the establishment of the new Academy appears to be the only 
 one who had been a Governor of the first school, a circumstance 
 which is probably explained by the fact that several of the first 
 board are known to have been Loyalists, and had either left 
 Newark, or no longer occupied positions of influence in the com- 
 munity. 
 
 On April 13, 1793, Abraham Ogden and Elisha Boudinot 
 were appointed a committee "to petition the Legislature of the 
 State to grant a Lottery to raise a sum not exceeding 800 pounds 
 for the benefit of the Academy,** and on June 22 the committee 
 reported that the Legislature had granted the lottery. Isaac 
 Gouverneur, Abraham Ogden, Elisha Boudinot, William Burnet 
 and Col. John N. Cumming were appointed managers, and were 
 each required to give security to the extent of $8,000. 
 
 The records of the Academy show that the lottery was car- 
 ried out and duly drawn, but do not state the amount of money 
 that was secured by this means. 
 
 The site selected for the new building was on the west side 
 of Broad Street, at what is now^ the corner of Academy Street, 
 at present occupied by the Post Office. The plot was purchased 
 September 3, 1 792, in the names of the Trustees as individuals, 
 and they failed to convey it to the institution. It stood in their 
 names until 1821, when the legislature passed an act vesting the 
 title in "The Trustees of Newark Academy," subject to the right 
 or claim of any person or persons derived from said trustees. 
 
 This proviso referred to the rights in the building of St. 
 
 n 
 
John's Lodge. The Lodge and its members had contributed 
 liberally to the building fund, in consideration of which it was 
 to have the use forever of the third story. This relation later 
 led to situations that w^ere both serious and amusing. 
 
 The work of erecting the building was begun early in the 
 spring of 1 792, although the deed to the lot was not obtained 
 until the following September. The building, which was of brick, 
 and three stories high, extended sixty-six feet in front on Broad 
 Street, and was thirty-four feet in depth. At a later date a two- 
 story extension was added at the north end. 
 
 The cornerstone was laid with Masonic ceremonies on June 
 25, 1 792, the exercises being conducted by Gen. John N. Gum- 
 ming, one of the Governors of the Academy and Worshipful 
 Master of the Lodge. The corner stone was a slab of brown 
 stone, about a foot thick, four and a half feet long and two feet 
 wide. When the building was torn down in 1856, the stone was 
 removed to the new Academy grounds on High Street. There, 
 with its inscription underneath, it served for many years as a 
 step at the side door, trodden on by hundreds of school boys 
 without a suspicion of its historic character. When the new gym- 
 nasium was built in 1887, the old corner stone was discovered, 
 cleaned and placed in the wall of the building. 
 
 The inscription, rudely carved in Roman letters, is still 
 decipherable, and is as follows: 
 
 Auspicante DEO 
 
 Aedificii 
 
 Literarum Architectonicaeq. 
 
 Fautoribus dicati 
 
 sub auspiciis 
 
 GEORGII WASHINGTON 
 
 Americae Foederatae Praesidis 
 
 Patris Patriae Amatissimi 
 
 (Gulielmo Patterson 
 
 Neo Caesariae tunc Gubernatore) 
 
 Curatores Academiae 
 
 (Plaudente ingenti Ordinis 
 
 Architectonici frequentia) 
 
 Lapidem hunc primum 
 
 Solenniter Posuerunt 
 
 Die XXV Junii 
 
 Anno Salutis MDCCXCII 
 
 Aerae Aechitectonicae 
 
 I I CCXCII 
 
 12 
 
Translated, it reads: 
 
 By the blessing of God, 
 
 Under the auspicious Government of 
 
 George Washington, 
 
 The beloved Father of his Country, 
 
 President of the United States of America, 
 
 (and William Patterson, 
 
 Governor of New Jersey,) 
 
 The Governors of the Academy, 
 
 (amidst the acclamations 
 
 of a large concourse of Freemasons,) 
 
 Laid the Foundation Stone 
 
 of this building. 
 Dedicated to the Patrons of 
 Literature and Freemasonry, 
 
 On the 25 th day of June, 
 
 In the year of Our Lord 1 792 
 
 And of the Aera of Freemasonry, 5 792. 
 
 It is said that the inscription was first written in English, 
 and then translated into Latin by Judge William Peartree Smith. 
 
 School work was begun without waiting for the completion 
 of the building. At a meeting of the "Governors of the Aca- 
 demy in Newark,'* on May 7, 1 792, present Isaac Gouverneur, 
 Esqr., Prest., Rev. Dr. McWhorter, Rev. Uzal Ogden, Hon. 
 Judge Smith, Abraham Ogden, Esqr., Thomas Bennet, Esqr., 
 Mr. Philip Kearney, John N. Gumming, Esq'r., and Elisha Boudi- 
 not, Esqr., it was resolved, "that Mr. James Moffert, of Scotland, 
 be invited to take the charge of this academy, for at least three 
 years, with a salary of eighty-five guineas per annum, but that, 
 previous to his entrance in office, he shall give satisfaction to the 
 governors of this seminary of his abilities properly to discharge 
 the duties of his function.** 
 
 It was also resolved, "that if the moneys of the academy, 
 arising from tuition, shall be more than the sum of eighty-five 
 guineas, thus annually to be raised him, he shall be entitled to 
 receive the surplus.'* 
 
 There is no further mention of Mr. Moffert, and we are left 
 to infer either that he failed to "give satisfaction of his abilities,** 
 or that he declined the munificent offer. 
 
 At the same meeting, it was further resolved, "that Mr. 
 Jonathan Baldwin take the charge of the academy for the quar- 
 
 13 
 
ter of the year next ensuing." Thus it appears that Mr. Jonathan 
 Baldwin was the first teacher in the Academy. 
 
 Where the school was held while the new building was in 
 course of erection is uncertain, as well as when the new building 
 was first used for school purposes. 
 
 On December 28, 1 792, it was "Resolved, That the Rev. 
 Mr. Ogden engage a house (to teach in) of James V. Pool, for 
 one quarter, for 30 shillings, and engage some carpenter em- 
 ployed at the academy to make suitable benches and tables for 
 said room at the expense of the academy." 
 
 On April 13, 1 793, it was "Agreed that fifty shillings per 
 quarter for the present be paid to Josiah Jones for his work 
 shop for a room to accommodate the scholars of the Academy." 
 
 On June 24, 1 793, the governors of the Academy engaged 
 Mr. John Penman, as a teacher of the French language, to teach 
 (for the present) in the Court House, from 6 to 8 o'clock in the 
 morning." 
 
 St. John*s Lodge Room on the third floor was dedicated 
 with appropriate ceremonies, June 16, 1795, and the Academy 
 records show that on November 3 of the same year Rev. Mr. 
 Ogden was authorized to raise money to finish "another room" 
 in the Academy, so that it is evident that the new building was 
 in use by 1 795. 
 
 An interesting side light on the methods employed to raise 
 money is given in the statement in the records that on March 
 30, 1 795, it was "Agreed that Rev. Mr. Ogden be empowered 
 to sell the negro man James given by Mr. Watts for as much 
 money as he will sell for," and, that on May 8, 1 795, he reported 
 that he had "sold Negro James to Mr. Moses Ogden for 40 
 pounds payable in two months." 
 
 It is also mentioned in the minutes of August 27, 1 796, that 
 a Mr. Mitchell was engaged to teach dancing. 
 
 The Academy was incorporated, April 29, 1 795, under 
 the act entitled "An act to incorporate societies for the promo- 
 tion of learning," and Rev. Dr. Alexander McWhorter, Rev. 
 Uzal Ogden, Judge William Peartree Smith, Judge Elisha Boudi- 
 not, Samuel Ogden, Abraham Ogden and Gen. John N. Gum- 
 ming were elected trustees. The certificate of incorporation was 
 filed June 6, 1 795. 
 
 Isaac Gouverneur had died shortly before this, and Rev. 
 Dr. McWhorter was elected president of the board of trustees. 
 Upon the death of Dr. McWhorter, Elisha Boudinot was chosen 
 by the board, May 1 4, 1 808, as president. 
 
 14 
 
From a set of rules issued by the Trustees in 1 79 7, it appears 
 that the school hours were from eight to twelve in the morning, 
 and from two to five in the afternoon, six days in the week. 
 There were two vacations in the year of three weeks each, one 
 beginning on the third Monday in April, and the other on the 
 third Monday in September. 
 
 The rates of tuition were as follows: "for the Latin and 
 Greek languages, four dollars per quarter, and two dollars en- 
 trance; for the French Language, four dollars and sixty-seven 
 cents per quarter, and tw^o dollars entrance; for Geography or 
 the Mathematics, four dollars per quarter; for any Pupils who 
 may be taught English Writing and Arithmetic by the teacher of 
 the Latin and Greek Languages, or the teacher of Geography 
 or the Mathematics, two dollars and one half of a dollar per 
 quarter; and for teaching Reading, Writing and Arithmetic in 
 the English School, two dollars per quarter." 
 
 There were many changes of teachers in the early years. 
 The first to serve for any length of time was Thomas Findlay, 
 who was appointed May 16, 1796. He remained as a teacher 
 until 1 809, although he was superseded as Head Master by Rev. 
 William Woodbridge in 1802. The departments of Latin and 
 Greek remained under the control of Mr. Findlay, and were main- 
 tained separately from the other departments. 
 
 In 1802 the Trustees advertised that they and several Gen- 
 tlemen of the Town, "having taken into consideration the high 
 importance of Female Education,** had agreed to establish a 
 Female Academy and Boarding School, and that they had en- 
 gaged Reverend William Woodbridge, "a Gentleman of very 
 amiable Character,** to take charge of this "Seminary and Board- 
 ing School.*' Mr. Woodbridge was offered the use of the rear 
 land, free of rent, on which to erect a building. "A spacious and 
 convenient brick house, for the accommodation of the young 
 ladies with the preceptor's family, was, soon after, erected ad- 
 joining the Academy.'* 
 
 The advertisement stated that: 
 
 "In this Seminary shall be taught; The first principles of 
 the English Language, and plain sewing, for three dollars per 
 quarter. The fine branches of Needle Work, the English Lan- 
 guage grammatically, Reading, Writing, Arithmetick, Composi- 
 tion, History, and the use of the Globes for five dollars per quar- 
 ter. The French Language for five dollars per quarter. Drawing, 
 vocal and instrumental Music on reasonable terms.** 
 
 It was also added that particular attention would be "paid 
 
 15 
 
to the manners, decency of dress, as well as the morals of 
 Pupils." 
 
 From 1 802 to 1 809 the boys and girls were taught together, 
 but it was then thought wise to place them in separate depart- 
 ments and under different instructors. 
 
 On August 9. 1809, Rev. Samuel Whelpley of Morristown 
 was invited to take charge of the boys, and Rev. Timothy Alden 
 of the girls. 
 
 The announcement stated that: 
 
 *'Both sexes are taught in different apartments, under the 
 same roof, yet they enter the academy on different streets, and 
 all intercourse is precluded." 
 
 Mr. Alden published quarterly catalogues, and these give 
 many interesting details of the work of the young ladies in the 
 Newark Academy. For example, we learn that "each pupil ranks 
 in her respective class, gradually rising according to the merit 
 of her performance. The head of each class receives, every Sat- 
 turday, an honorary certificate, and goes to the foot of her class, 
 in order again to arrive at the same elevation." 
 
 We are told that much time was spent in learning and recit- 
 ing memoriter select passages. Twenty duodecimo lines were 
 called a lesson. "Those young ladies who learn and recite with 
 such correctness as to need very little or no prompting, of the 
 first-class twenty, of the second class fifteen, of the third class 
 twelve, and of the fourth class nine such lessons, in the course of 
 the week, besides devoting a proper attention to the other exer- 
 cises of the academy, are considered as particularly meritorious, 
 and receive a certificate of approbation and applause." 
 
 Mason on Self Knowledge appears to have been a favorite 
 book for this kind of work, and one of the quarterly catalogues 
 announces that: 
 
 "Miss Harriet Holden, Miss Catharine Gouverneur Ogden, 
 miss Amelia Maria Smith, and miss Emma Whitehead have re- 
 peated memoriter, select passages of the first part, and the whole 
 of the second and third parts of this work amounting to more 
 than three thousand lines." 
 
 In another place it is announced that: 
 
 "Since the commencement of the present year, miss Eliza- 
 beth Pintard Boudinot, in addition to a variety of other exer- 
 cises, has repeated memoriter, the whole of professor MacKean*s 
 Sacred Extracts, a duodecimo volume, consisting of four hundred 
 and sixty pages." 
 
 16 
 
Embroidery, needle work, and painting were regarded as 
 very important, and the quarterly catalogues solemnly recount 
 the various articles embroidered or painted by the pupils. 
 
 One of these same quarterly catalogues also records that: 
 
 "Miss Elizabeth Pintard Boudinot and miss Ann Julia Stock- 
 ton have carefully performed various examples under as many 
 rules in arithmetick as are deemed expedient in the education of 
 a young lady." 
 
 From this time until 1855 few details of the academic work 
 of the school have come down to us, but the records of the Trus- 
 tees show that there were frequent changes of teachers, and 
 apparently there was little stability of organization. 
 
 From an advertisement published in the "Newark Adver- 
 tiser" of January 2, 1835, we learn that the school year had 
 apparently been reduced to forty-four weeks, and that the tuition 
 for English subjects was $20 a year, and for Latin, Greek, Geo- 
 metry, Astronomy, Criticism, Philosophy, etc., $28 a year. It 
 was also announced that an Evening School would be opened 
 in the Academy for the benefit of Young Gentlemen in Newark 
 who might wish to avail themselves of such an opportunity for 
 improvement. The advertisement is signed by Caleb Abbott, 
 who appears to have been the principal of the school. 
 
 A circular issued in 1 844 gives the names of Isaac Harring- 
 ton and Marcius Willson, A.M., as Associate Principals. It 
 announces that "TTiere w^ill be a vacation of six w^eeks in July 
 and August: (term commencing the first Monday in September:) 
 a vacation of one week at the Holydays, and one w^eek in the 
 latter part of April." The terms for board and tuition were $200 
 a year. For tuition alone the charge in the Elementary classes 
 was $24, in the Junior $32, and in the Senior classes $40 a year. 
 Modern Languages, Drawing and Painting were each $3 a quar- 
 ter extra, and there were additional charges for stationery, as 
 well as for fuel during the winter season. 
 
 The sharing of ownership with St. John's Lodge did not 
 prove an entirely serene partnership, and from time to time con- 
 troversies arose over repairs to different parts of the building, 
 the Academy trustees declining to repair the roof, because their 
 part of the building was dry, and the Lodge refusing to repair 
 the front stoop, claiming that it did not inconvenience their mem- 
 bers. 
 
 On October 4, 1843, the Academy trustees solemnly re- 
 solved, "That, in the opinion of the Board, the ownership of 
 the fourth (third) story of the Academy not being in us, but hav- 
 
 17 
 
ing been conveyed to the Society of Freemasons, it is not incum- 
 bent on this Board in any manner to repair the same, and that 
 the Board do therefore decHne to accede to the proposition of 
 the Masonic Society that one-half of the expense of a new roof 
 be borne by us/* 
 
 There was also a good deal of controversy caused by the 
 permission given Rev. Mr. Woodbridge in 1 802 to erect a dwell- 
 ing house in the rear of the Academy for the use of female 
 boarders. Most of the money for the erection of this building 
 was contributed by certain friends of the Academy. These 
 "Associates" as they called themselves claimed to own the 
 house, and it was not until 1 846 that the conflicting claims were 
 finally adjusted. 
 
 One of the rooms in the Academy building was occupied, 
 from 1828 to 1836, by the Newark Mechanics* Association, for 
 the purposes of holding lectures and maintaining a circulating 
 library. 
 
 April 26, 1836, the Common Council of the City was given 
 permission, with the consent of St. John's Lodge, to use the 
 lodge room for its meetings. 
 
 Apparently there was no objection to such a use of the 
 Academy building, but its use for religious purposes seems to 
 have been sternly suppressed, for on April 4, 1831, the Trustees 
 having been informed that the Mechanics' Association had al- 
 lowed the Episcopalians to use its room for religious purposes, 
 voted that the Episcopalians must quit at once. That this was 
 not due to sectarian prejudice is shown by the fact that when 
 on February 7, 1838, Rev. Dr. William R. Weeks applied to the 
 trustees for the temporary use of a room, for the Fourth Presby- 
 terian Church, for religious worship, he was notified that the 
 board could not extend to him more courtesy than had been 
 shown to the Episcopalians seven years before. 
 
 The differences between St. John's Lodge and the Aca- 
 demy finally led the authorities of the two organizations to de- 
 cide that it would be wise to dissolve the partnership. In Janu- 
 ary, 1855, the Lodge agreed to accept $10,000 for its rights in 
 the building, and in the following May the Trustees of the Aca- 
 demy executed a deed to the United States of America for 
 $50,000, conveying a plot 1 14 feet on Broad Street, and 140 
 feet on Academy Street. The Academy retained a plot in the 
 rear of this on Academy Street, of 52 feet front and 1 14 feet 
 deep, which was sold to the First Baptist Church in May, 1858, 
 
 18 
 
for $6,000, and later sold by the Church to the United States 
 Government. 
 
 By an act of the legislature approved March 29, 1855, the 
 Academy was re-incorporated by the name of the "Trustees of 
 Newark Academy." An act passed at about the same time au- 
 thorized the Trustees to sell the property, to give legal title 
 thereto, and to use the proceeds for the purposes specified in the 
 original charter and subject to its limitations and restrictions. 
 
 No school was maintained by the Academy from April, 
 1855, to September, 185 7. 
 
 On April 20, 185 7, the Academy purchased for $18,000 
 the property of the Wesleyan Institute at the corner of High 
 and William Streets. 
 
 Rev. Frederic A. Adams, of Massachusetts, who had been 
 teaching in Orange for a few years, was engaged to be the prin- 
 cipal of the new Academy, which was opened September 20th, 
 185 7, for youth of both sexes. 
 
 On June 16, 1859, Mr. Adams resigned the office of prin- 
 cipal. 
 
 On July 8, 1859, the trustees "Resolved, That it is con- 
 sidered expedient for the welfare of the Institution that it be con- 
 fined to the instruction of male pupils.** 
 
 On July 9, 1859, Mr. Samuel A. Farrand, Principal of the 
 Trenton Academy, was appointed principal. 
 
 The school opened September 5, 1859, with 20 pupils, un- 
 der Mr. Samuel A. Farrand as principal, Mr. Henry H. Stout 
 first assistant and Mr. Jacob Wilson second assistant. 
 
 On February 7, 1860, Mr. Laban Dennis was engaged as 
 first assistant, in place of Mr. Stout. 
 
 The school year closed July 3, 1860, with 67 names on the 
 roll. 
 
 A military company was organized, in the fall of the year 
 1862, to which most of the Academy pupils belonged, and a 
 uniform was adopted, of gray cloth, with black braid trimmings, 
 and the letters N. A. C, "Newark Academy Cadets,** on the front 
 of the cap. 
 
 The cadets were drilled by one of the assistant teachers, Mr. 
 Montgomery R. Hooper. It is said that when the cadets were 
 first organized, all of the members but one were measured to 
 determine their places in the line. To that one Mr. Hooper said, 
 "You may go up head, Leslie, w^e w^on*t measure you,'* and there 
 was no dispute as to his right to the head of the line. The cadet 
 referred to was the late Dr. Leslie D. Ward. 
 
 19 
 
In 1865, Mr. Farrand resigned his position as principal to 
 establish a school in New York, leaving the Academy in a flour- 
 ishing and prosperous condition. 
 
 He was succeeded by Mr. Caleb M. Harrison, State Super- 
 intendent of Public Schools, who took charge in September, 
 1865. 
 
 In 1869, the Trustees appointed Mr. Harrison, Mr. Charles 
 M. Davis, and Major Edward R. Hopkins, a graduate of West 
 Point, to conduct the school as Associate Principals. 
 
 In 1870, Mr. Harrison resigned, and the school continued 
 under the charge of Mr. Davis and Major Hopkins until 1875. 
 
 In that year Mr., now Dr., Farrand was again appointed 
 Principal, and under his direction the school was entirely reor- 
 ganized. He remained as Head Master until his death in Novem- 
 ber, 1908, although for several years before that he had done 
 little active work, and his connection with the school had become 
 largely advisory. 
 
 In March, 1887, his son, Wilson Farrand, was appointed 
 Master in the Academy. In 1 889 he became Associate Head 
 Master, and in 1901, Head Master holding that office jointly 
 with his father, and gradually assuming full control of the school. 
 
 In 1 88 7, an extension was built at the north end of the 
 Academy, containing a gjnnnasium, which at the time was re- 
 garded as the largest and best equipped in the state. The Aca- 
 demy was one of the first schools in the country to make physical 
 training a regular part of the curriculum, and since that time it 
 has been an important and characteristic part of its work. 
 
 In 1895, a large extension was erected at the rear of the 
 main building, containing a study room for the upper forms, an 
 assembly room, laboratories and recitation rooms. In the same 
 year the Pinneo property, adjoining the Academy grounds on the 
 south, was purchased and added to the school playground. 
 
 In 1906, gifts of Alumni and friends purchased a plot of 
 ground at Orange and First Streets. This plot, on high ground 
 overlooking Branch Brook Park, has since been used by the Aca- 
 demy as an Athletic Field, and is intended to be the site of the 
 school itself. A movement is now on foot to raise funds, and as 
 soon as a sufficient sum has been secured to insure the erection 
 of a new building, without encroaching on the instruction de- 
 partment and the salary list, the work will be begun. It is hoped 
 that the building may be completed and the removal accom- 
 plished in the year 1918. 
 
 20 
 
T.M. Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. i 
 
 M12730 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY