Z5ST2. 

 
 30th Congress, [HO. OF REPS.] Miscellaneous. 
 
 1st Session. No. 70. 
 
 
 INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT. 
 
 MEMORIALS 
 
 OF 
 
 JOHN JAY AND OF WILLIAM C, BRYANT AND OTHERS, 
 
 IN FAVOR OF 
 
 An international copyright law. 
 
 March 22, 1848. — Referred to a Select Committee. 
 Atril 29, 1848. — Ordered to be printed. 
 
 To the honorable the Senate and House of Representatives in Congress 
 
 assembled : 
 
 The memorial of the undersigned, a citizen of the State of New York, 
 
 Respectfully asks 
 
 The attention of your honorable bodies to the insufficient protection 
 afforded to American literature by the present law of Congress on the 
 subject of copyright. 
 
 Your memorialist, from a careful examination of the subject, is well per- 
 suaded that many injuries, direct and remote, are inflicted, by the exclu- 
 sion of foreigners from the privileges of that act, upon the rights of Ameri- 
 can authors, upon the stability and respectability of the American book 
 trade, and upon the interests of the American reading public; and that 
 the passage of an international copyright law, by which foreign authors 
 shall be allowed their copyright here, and American authors assisted to 
 their copyright abroad, would not only be an act of national justice, but 
 of national policy; that it would afford to our native authors, what they 
 have never yet enjoyed, " a fair field ;" that it would supply a new 
 stimulus to intellectual exertion, infuse a more elevated tone into our 
 national literature, give a healthier character and a wider competition to 
 the American book trade, and secure a better class of books for general 
 circulation. 
 
 In support of these views, your memorialist prays leave to submit to 
 your honorable bodies a few arguments and facts. 
 
 That the restriction of the privileges of copyright to American authors 
 may have been intended for their advantage, is highly probable; but 
 its full operation, until within a few years, has been very imperfectly 
 understood, and has never been fully brought to the attention of Con- 
 gress. 
 
 Tippin & Streeper, printers.
 
 2 Mis. No. 76. 
 
 The Committee on the Judiciary in the House of Representatives, 
 (December 17, 1S30,) who reported the present copyright act, after draw- 
 ing a comparison between the legislation of this country for the protection 
 of literature, and that of England, France, Rnssia, Norway, and Sweden, 
 and declaring that the comparison showed that the United States were 
 far behind the States of Europe in securing the fruits of intellectual labor, 
 and in encouraging men of letters, thus warmly expressed themselves in 
 regard to the rights and claims of authors : 
 
 " Your committee believe that the just claims of authors require from 
 our legislation a protection not less than what is proposed in the bill re- 
 ported. Upon the first principles of proprietorship in property, an author 
 has an exclusive and perpetual right, in preference to any other, to the fruits 
 of his labors. Though the nature of literary property is peculiar, it is not 
 the less real and valuable. If labor and effort in producing what be/ore was 
 not possessed or known will give title, then the literary man has title perfect 
 and absolute, and should have his revmrd ; he writes and he labors as 
 assiduously as does the mechanic or husbandman. The scholar who 
 secludes himself and wastes his life, and often his property, to enlighten 
 the world, has the best right to the profits of those labors. The planter, 
 the mechanic, the professional man, cannot prefer a better title to what 
 is admitted to be his own. Nor is there any doubt what the interest 
 and honor of the country demand on this subject. * 
 
 We ought to present every reasonable inducement to influence men to con- 
 secrate their talents to the advancement of science. It cannot be for the 
 interest or honor of our country that intellectual labor should be depreciated, 
 and a life devoted to research and laborious study terminate in disappoint- 
 ment and poverty." 
 
 No constitutional objection to the extension of copyright to foreigners 
 existed to influence, the committee in their restriction of that right to 
 American writers, for the constitution authorizes Congress " to promote 
 the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to 
 authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and 
 discoveries." There is no limitation of the power to natives or resi- 
 dents of this country. The object was to promote the progress of " science L 
 and useful arts," which have been well said to belong to no party oi 5 
 country, but to mankind generally. And Congress has already adopted !U 
 the principle in the laws regulating patents, by extending their benefits tc 
 foreign inventions and improvements. 
 
 It seems, therefore, evident that the Congress by which the preseni 
 amended copyright act was passed were not aware of the many injuries 
 growing our. of the exclusive system which they recognised and re 
 established, to the very parties whom it was intended and expected tc 
 benefit. These injuries may be thus staled : 
 
 I. — Injury to American authors. 
 1. In regard to the sale of their books at home. 
 
 The present act, while inten i id to protect American authors in the fill u 
 enjoyment of their work b\ them an exclusive right to their dispo 
 
 sjiiou for a long term ol peai u the nine time introduces an unfair an( t, 
 ruinous competition bj allnv ing them to be undersold by American book ,, 
 sellers, selecting and << priating at their will the unprotected produc 
 
 t.l: 
 
 I 
 
 D 
 
 ki
 
 Mis. No. 76. 3 
 
 dons of the British press, multiplied editions of which naturally crowd 
 out of the market works of American origin which are subject to copy- 
 right. In general, too, the popularity of the British works thus reprinted 
 is a thing established, while that of the unpublished M.S. of the American 
 author is still uncertain. 
 
 It is evident, then, that the position in which our native authors are 
 thus placed is discouraging in the extreme; that a fair opportunity of 
 ■aiccess is denied them ; and that this position is not the result of any in- 
 feriority in their productions, nor of any reluctance on the part of the 
 iberal American publishers to aid American literature, but, that it is the 
 lirect and inevitable consequence of the present law, which creates an 
 mfair and overwhelming competition by the admisMou of unbought for- 
 •ign literature. 
 
 That the infant literature of our young land has struggled successfully 
 wen with these obstacles, and that a few of our countrymen have achieved 
 >oth fame and wealth by their writings, is very true; but it is also true 
 hat some, whose early literary productions were marked by great excel- 
 ence and great promise, have been forced to relinquish the profession of 
 :tters for other pursuits more likely to yield them a support; and it is 
 qually true that many American authors, whose writings have delighted 
 nd instructed both the Old and the New world, instead of enjoying from 
 leir works a comfortable independence, and being enabled to devote 
 lemselves, untramnlelled byothei cares, to their honorable and elevating 
 isk, derive with difficulty slender subsistence from the price received 
 >r the copyright of works which have, in some instances, realized for- 
 mes to English publishers. 
 
 2. In regard to the sale of their books abroad. 
 
 By the act of the British Parliament, 1st and 2d Vict., chap. 59, for se- 
 aring to authors, in certain cases, the benefit of international copyright, 
 revision is made for affording protection within Great Britain to the au- 
 lors of books first published in foreign countries, and their assigns, in 
 ases where protection shall be afforded in such foreign countries to the 
 uthors of books first published in Great Britain ; but in the absence of 
 ich protection here to foreign authors, it is denied in Great Britain to 
 merican authors, and the denial of this protection is to them a serious 
 ijury. The extent to which American books are reprinted and sold in 
 '.uglaud is probably little known in this country. In the " Report of 
 ie Committee on Patents and the Patent Office," adverse to an inter- 
 ational copyright law, in the Senate of the United States, (25th Congress 
 i session, No. 494,) June 25th, 1S3S, less than ten years since, alter re- 
 aring to the advantages which such a bill would give to an English 
 athor here, the report proceeded : 
 
 ' : It may be asked if we should not have an offset in similar advan- 
 ces under the copyright law of Great Britain. The answer is found in 
 ie significant inquiry of the British reviewer. ' Who reads an American 
 ookr The difficulty and expanse of bringing an American work into 
 otice with the British public are entirely insurmountable by American 
 uthors generally. It is stated in a recent publication that two hundred 
 and| n d fifty copies of Marshall's Life of V A ashii vised and condensed, 
 
 Dine six years since, by the author, were sent to England by on< of our 
 
 .Ai
 
 4 Mis. No. 76. 
 
 publishing houses, whose bookselling connexions there were extensive, 
 and offered to the trade at about one- fourth of the price of the first edi- 
 tions. The books remained in London two years, and fifty copies only 
 were sold, on a long credit. The remaining two hundred copies were 
 sent back, saddled with heavy expenses. This is a single instance from 
 many, illustrating how litle demand there is in England for American 
 literature." 
 
 To exhibit, by positive proof, the singular incorrectness of this state- 
 ment, your memorialist has hereto appended a list (appendix B) of up- 
 wards of five hundred American works reprinted in Enland by English 
 publishers, which have been selected from a catalogue of English books, 
 in which they appeared with nothing to designate their American origin." 
 Incomplete as this list probably is, from the impossibility of always recog- 
 nising American works under the new titles with which they are often re- 
 printed, and imperfect as is the view it presents of American literature in 
 Englard,for the reason that it frequently designates but one edition and one 
 publisher — whereas, in many cases, numerous editions have been put forth 
 by various publishers ; and inasmuch, also, as of late years a large num- 
 ber of American books have been exported to England, and there sold 
 through an American agency at London, of which no note is here taken — 
 it will yet suffice to give some idea of the extent to which our own au- 
 thors are losers by being deprived of a copyright in Great Britain. 
 
 The " North American Review," after noticing the common impression 
 that the benefits of an international copyright would be, with an immense 
 preponderance, on the side of English authors, and that those of America 
 are too few and the works too little relished in England to be of much im- 
 portance in the comparison, remarks :f "No opinion can be more erroneous, 
 iSince the Edinburgh Review asked, some 25 years ago, "Who reads an 
 American book V the tables have been turning exceedingly fast. They are 
 turning at this moment faster than ever ; and it is the opinion of as impartial 
 and competent judges as any to be found, that in half as much more time 
 an international copyright law will be decidedly of more value to Ameri- 
 can authors than to British. A very large part of the transactions of the 
 book trade in both countries is in books for children's reading, and for 
 their use in school education ; and in both of these departments — in the 
 latter, from the most elementary to the most elaborate treatises — American 
 works (generally, but not always, under some thin disguise) are fast 
 driving the English out of their market. Dr. Anthon's series of school 
 classics * # they find much better than any to which they have hitherto 
 been used ; and from Peter Parley and the Abbott books up to Leverett's 
 Latin Lexicon and the Cambridge Mathematics, the ingenuous youth of 
 the fast-anchored isle are enjoying luxuries in the way of instruction 
 hitherto all unknown. In law, the treatises of the American Judge Story 
 
 •The following clai lification of American hooks printed in England some five years s^ro, i? 
 taken from Wiley <X: Putnam's American book circular, April, 1843: 
 Theology 
 Fiction - 
 Juvenile - 
 Travels - 
 Education 
 Biography 
 
 f North American Review for July, 1842, page 2G2. 
 
 6fi works. 
 
 tory 
 
 6fi " 
 
 try - 
 
 5G " 
 
 Metaphysics 
 
 52 « 
 
 Phil- 
 
 41 " 
 
 Science 
 
 2G " 
 
 Law 
 
 22 works. 
 
 12 
 
 « 
 
 1] 
 
 k 
 
 10 
 
 u 
 
 9 
 
 a 
 
 9 
 
 u
 
 Mis. No. 76. 5 
 
 are regarded by the profession in England as the most important produc- 
 tions of the day. And in the department of theology, the superior esti- 
 mation in which the writings of American Divines are held in the parent 
 countiY, from sermons to the various lands of composition of a more scien- 
 tific character, may, we hesitate not to say, be regarded as an equally 
 established fact. The most popular i -says of the age in the English lan- 
 guage are, without question, those of Dr. Channing ; the most important 
 books of travels are the recent ones of Professor Robinson and Mr. 
 Stephens ; the most successful history is that of Mr. Prescatt. The wri- 
 tings of Irving and Cooper take rank in England with those of its own 
 eminent authors in the same walks ; and some even of our recent poets — 
 the hardest case of all that enter into the comparison — are read almost as 
 much as any native bards. This is but the beginning of a movement 
 altogether unanticipated a few years ago. Such things do not go back- 
 ward." 
 
 In Wiley &. Putnam's "American Book Circular," April, 1S43, page 
 3, is the following passage on the acknowledged excellence of many 
 American books: " We have also good English authority for the opinion 
 that the Hebrew Grammar, by Nordheimer ; the Hebrew English Lexi- 
 con, by Robinson ; the Greek Lexicon to New Testament, by the same; 
 the Commentary on Isaiah, by Barnes; System of Theology, by Dwight; 
 Geography of Palestine, by Robinson ; Text Book, edition of Horace &c, 
 by Anthon ; Modern Contribution to Spanish History, (Ferdinand, &c.,j 
 by Prescott; Medical Jurisprudence, by Dr. Beck ; Medical Jurisprudence 
 of Insanity, by Dr. Ray; Dictionary of the English Language (!!!) by 
 Dr. Webster; are all the best works, in their several departments, existing 
 in the language." 
 
 But American authors are not only deprived of a fair market at home, 
 and of all share in the profits of their works abroad ; but, 
 
 3. They are deprived of all protection in regard to their literary fa 
 and the integrity of their works in foreign countries. English publishers 
 frequently abridge, mutilate, and adapt American works to suit their pur- 
 poses, in the same manner that American publishers often treat English 
 books ; and they occasionally change the titles, and omit the author's 
 name. 
 
 Mr. Putnam says, in his Book Circular, upon this subject: "Some few 
 American writers would scarcely recognise their own offspring under their 
 new names and foreign dress ; and authors are apt to take some pride in 
 their bantlings, whether clever or otherwise. Who, in looking over a list 
 of titles, would suppose that ' Quebec and New York, or the Three Beau- 
 ties,' was the same as ' Burton, or the Sieges ;' and ' Cortes, or the Fall 
 ci Mexico,' a re-print of ' The Infidel ;' that ' The Last Days of Aure- 
 lian' is no other than Mr. Ware's ' Probus, or Rome in the Third Cen- 
 tury;' and ' Montacute,' only a new title for ' A New Home;' that Mr. 
 Muzzey's 'Young Maiden' and 'Young Wife,' are translated into 
 
 ■ English Maiden' and 'The English Wife;' and Mr. Spar 
 ' Life of Ledyard the American Traveller,' is only made more attractive 
 as ' The Memoirs of Ledyard the African Traveller;' (anon) and two 
 volumes of his ' Writings of Washington,' in twelve volumes, are re- 
 printed with the original title, and apparently as if complete. Dr. Han 
 4 Natural History of the Bible,' Bancroft's translation of ' JEierreus' Politics 
 of Greece,' Mr. Everitt's translation of ' Buttman's Greek Grammar,'
 
 6 Mis. No. 76. 
 
 were all reprinted and sold as English books • Judge Story's * Law of 
 Bailments' was chopped into fragments, and appended here and there, by 
 Mr. Theobald, in his Notes on Sir William Jones, These are a few spe- 
 cimens : in most of them the preface, etc., is sufficiently altered to conceal 
 their origin, and in several the author's name is entirely suppressed." 
 (Page 6.) 
 
 II. — Injuries to American publishers, and the numerous artisans 
 
 CONNECTED WITH THE' EOOK TRADE. 
 
 The present system is unfavorable to American publishers and the 
 workmen in their employ, by rendering the business of reprinting specu- 
 lative and unsafe. 
 
 When a publisher has purchased the entire copyright of a work, or the 
 right to print the same for so many years or to the extent of a given num- 
 ber of copies, he has only to calculate, as accurately as may be, what will 
 be the demand, and determine the supply and the price accordingly. 
 The materials for safe and prudent calculation are within his own grasp, 
 and publishers of small means can enter into competition with publishers 
 of large means in bidding for copyrights. But in the case of reprints 
 under the present system, the publisher who reprints a foreign work 
 cannot in advance form certain calculations as to the result of the enter- 
 prise. The work being open to all, other publishers may be printing it at 
 the same time ; and the more popular the work, the more numerous the 
 editions : so that neither in regard to the required supply, nor the reason- 
 ableness of the price, nor the extent of the sales, can he form any estimate 
 with probable certainty. The publication of books under such circum- 
 stances becomes a mere speculation, where the risk of loss counterbalances 
 the chance of profit, and which prudent and cautious publishers are apt 
 to shun, as opposed to safe and correct principles of business, and from 
 which men of small capital are driven by the fear of being ruined. 
 
 The natural results of such a state of things are unfavorable to the nu- 
 merous classes engaged in the book trade. The business of reprinting 
 the new and popular books that issue from the English press, is to a great 
 extent monopolized by a few large houses whose wealth and power enable 
 them to crush competition; and this monopoly, if profitable to the few, is 
 injurious to the many. 
 
 There is frequently , too, a waste of capital in ihe multiplied editions of 
 the same book; capital which would otherwise be profitably employed in 
 the production of different works; and the risk attending this business, 
 when it does eventuate in loss, is apt to effect not only individual pub- 
 lishers, but the numbers engaged in their employ, and whose remunera- 
 tion depends upon their succes . 
 
 It has been supposed by many that an international copyright law, if of 
 ach antage to authors, must bo detrimental to publishers; but such an opin- 
 ion has been based upon a narrow view of the subject, and has been re- 
 jected by a large number of primers, publishers, booksellers, and book- 
 binders throughout the country, as your honorable bodies may see from 
 various petitions heretofore presented to Congress, one of which, from per- 
 sons concerned in the book trade in New York, Boston, Hartford, New 
 Haven, Philadelphia, Charleston, and other cities, is hereto appended, 
 (appendix A,) in which the memorialists declare their opinion that "the
 
 Mis. No. 76. 7 
 
 interests of the authors, the publishers, and the purchasers, are reciprocal, 
 as those of the producer and consumer always are." 
 
 III. — Disadvantages to the reading public and the nation at 
 
 LARGE. 
 
 Besides the disadvantages which this reciprocity of interest between 
 authors, publishers, and readers naturally entails upon the Latter, by aught 
 which deranges the regularity or impairs the prosperity of the book trade, 
 and the direct inconvenience to which they are often subjected from the 
 slovenly editions of some books put forth in haste from fear of competition, 
 and the loss, far more important, of others from the same motive, the pres- 
 ent system has strongly tended to lower the standard of taste, feeling, and 
 principle amongst us, by flooding the land with reprints and translations of 
 light, ephemeral, and often an immoral cast, whose influence upon the 
 minds of American youth is little calculated to encourage patriotic senti- 
 ments or Christian principles, or to fit them for the practical duties of 
 American citizens. 
 
 Those works which add to a country's glory, and secure true fame for 
 their authors, generally require great learning, great industry, and some- 
 times large capital, in their preparation. For such works by American 
 writers no encouragement is held forth by a system which favors the in- 
 troduction from abroad of foreign books, whose tone is characterized by 
 " that ensnaring 'meretricious popularness' in literature which threatens 
 to break up and scatter before it (with those subjected to influence) all 
 robustness and manly vigor of intellect, and all masculine fortitude of 
 virtue." A principal intent of the copyright act, beyond what is required 
 by the principles of natural justice and equity, is, that the security afford- 
 ed to authors " may encourage men of learning and genius to publish 
 their writings which may do honor to their country and service to man- 
 kind.'' 1 ' ; But in its practical operation a great temptation is afforded to our 
 native authors to overcome, if possible, the competition of unbought 
 foreign reprints, by producing works suited to the artificial demand they 
 have created, and calculated to gratify the feverish and unhealthy taste 
 engendered by the perusal of transatlantic novels, rather than to reform 
 so morbid an appetite by supplying books of real value, teaching republi- 
 can principles and inculcating American feelings. 
 
 This view of the case, in the opinion of your memorialist, forcibly 
 addresses itself to the consideration of all who are friendly to an ele- 
 vated American policy. " A vigorous literature is always the congenial 
 growth of a native soil, and an able work in almost any department will 
 have its train of thought in some measure tinged by the character of the 
 institutions under which its author has been reared, and will of course 
 exert, however insensibly, some degree of corresponding influence upon 
 the reader's mind." Native writers have been, with reason, said to be as 
 indispensable as a native militia. To them must we look for the dissem- 
 ination, the exposition, and the. maintenance of our country's principles 
 and institutions, which, with her rapidly increasing power and extent, 
 are daily becoming more and more the objects of jealousy and misrepre- 
 
 * Preamble to the copyright act passed by the State of Connecticut, January 17S3 — cited, 
 Curtis on Copyright, 78.
 
 8 Mis. No. 76. 
 
 sentation in foreign lands, whose imported literature, breathing another 
 spirit than our own, now displaces that which springs from American 
 soil, and which would, if duly cherished, or if only allowed fair opportu- 
 nity for growth, prove the true-hearted guardian and ever eloquent main- 
 tainer of American institutions. Under monarchical governments, it may 
 be a matter of comparatively little importance whether the mass of the 
 people are carefully informed and rightly appreciate the principles of their 
 foundation. But in our land, whose institutions are based upon the ca- 
 pacity and integrity of the people, and can only retain their stability while 
 maintained by their honesty and intelligence, we are forced to recognise 
 the importance of a literature based upon popular principles and adapted, 
 to the genius of our government.* 
 
 OBJECTIONS WHICH HAVE BEEN URGED AGAINST AN INTERNATIONAL 
 
 COPYRIGHT LAW. 
 
 1st objection — That it would transfer the manufacture of books for the 
 Amerirmi market from this com/try to England . 
 
 In the adverse report of the Committee on Patents and the Patent Office 
 already referred to, made to the Senate of the United States on the 25th 
 June, 1S38, the number of persons employed in the various branches 
 connected with book-making and periodical publication in this country 
 was estimated at two hundred, thousand, and the capital employed in 
 those branches at from thirty to forty millions of dollars ; and it was ar- 
 gued that this large class would be seriously affected by the proposed mea- 
 sure, " in its inevitable tendency to divert labor and capital from their 
 accustomed channels, and to derange an extensive and valuable business 
 which it should be the cherished policy of the government to foster and 
 protect;" that it would materially lessen an important manufacture, and 
 take employment from our own citizens and transfer it to 'foreigners, to 
 the great discouragement of American industry ; that " a valuable por- 
 tion of the book-making business, with the extensive employment and 
 manufactures connected with it, will inevitably be transferred from our 
 own country to Europe." That large editions of books can be printed at- 
 a much less average cost than small editions ; and that when we take into 
 consideration the great abundance of capital and the cheapness of labor 
 in England, it could not be doubted that the printing of foreign books for 
 the American market would, to a great extent, be engrossed by foreign pub- 
 lishers, especially as the power and controlling influence of the great pub- 
 lishing houses in London over the literary market in that country would 
 secure, to them a monopoly also of American copyright for the writings of 
 Hntish authors;" and the committee concluded by regarding it as per- 
 fectly clear that by the enactment of an international copyright "the pro- 
 ins of trade and manufacture, and all the benefits arising from encourage- 
 ment to national industry, would he for us on the wrong/side of the leger.'* 
 
 The whole force of this objection rests in the supposition that, an inter- 
 national copyright for the protection of authors and the encouragement of 
 a national literature would allow British publishers to secure a copyright 
 in this country foi English editions, and supply the American public with 
 imported books, to the great detriment of the American book trade. 
 
 of citizens of New York, praying \\w. passage of an international copyright 
 Jaw: 25th Congress, 2d session, Si nate document il'JO — April 24, 16
 
 Mis. No. 76. 9 
 
 No such necessity exists, and no such privilege for foreign publishers 
 could be desired by any American friendly to the encouragi naent of na- 
 tive industry. All that is asked is protection for the rights of auth 
 and that protection may be given both at home and abroad by an inter- 
 national copyright, coupled with the conditions, as regards foreign books, 
 that " the type, ink. a ml. paper shall be made, and the printing and bind- 
 ing don*;, in American workshops." 
 
 And then the new impulse thus given to American authorship, the in- 
 creased stability and prosperity thus added to the business of American 
 publishers, so far from operating injuriously upon our type-founders, paper- 
 makers, and hook-binders, will naturally and necessarily, from the unity 
 and harmony of their interests, have a beneficial influence upon all the 
 varied and numerous classes who find employment in the American hook 
 trade. 
 
 2d objection — That the inevitable effect of an international copyright 
 would be to enhance the price of books to American readers, and conse- 
 quently to circumscribe their sale. 
 
 The supposition, that because a publisher pays for a foreign copyrL 
 he must theiefo re charge a higher price for the book, might be sound if he 
 were to receive from the copyright no corresponding benefit. But he will 
 receive an equivalent in the security it affords against interference ; and 
 in the case of popular works, he will by the copyright be enabled to stere- 
 otype them, which otherwise he could not safely do; and thus the copy- 
 right may procure " not a less, but a greater multiplication and cheapness 
 of copies, lor the public benefit, along with a larger sale for the benefit of 
 booksellers."* 
 
 It has been suggested that foreign authors may probably charge exor- 
 bitant prices for their books; and that " the favored publishers, secure from 
 competition, would doubtless find in the enhancement of price a compen- 
 sating profit under a restricted sale."f But such objections belong to 
 past years, and were evidently made by persons who little understood the 
 fundamental and now universally acknowledged principles of trade. The 
 price paid for foreign copyrights would be regulated not by the author's 
 own estimate of his genius, but by the popularity of his works, and, as in 
 the case of all commodities, the demand would regulate the supply ; and 
 the American publishers who may secure such copyrights, instead of 
 acting on the exploded maxim of restricting sales ami raising prices, 
 would pursue their accustomed plan — the great principle of successful 
 business, never better understood than at the present day — of large sales 
 and small profits. 
 
 As an illustration of the fact that copyright will not materially enhance 
 the price of books, if indeed it shall enhance it at all, may be cited the 
 two series of works published by Wiley Jc Putnam, of New York, under 
 the joint title of" Library of Choice Books." One of these series consists 
 of foreign reprints, for which nothing is paid, but which is liable to com- 
 petition ; the other of American books of which the copyright has been 
 purchased. Both series are published precisely in the same form and style, 
 and at the same price. 
 
 " The statute of Anne," says Chancellor Kent, " had a provision against 
 
 * North American Review. f Report of the Committee on Patents, p. 4.
 
 10 Mis. No. 76. 
 
 the scarcity of editions and exorbitancy of price. The act of Congress 
 has no such provision ; and it leaves authors to regulate, in their dis- 
 cretion, the number and price of their books, calculating (and probably 
 verv correctly) that the interest an author has in a rapid and extensive 
 sale of his work will be sufficient to keep the price reasonable and the 
 market well supplied.* 
 
 3d objection — The wcwt of reciprocity from an alleged scarcity of Amer- 
 ican books in England. 
 
 This objection, which was urged with great pertinacity in the report of 
 the Committee on Patents, has been already cited and answered by refer- 
 ence to the annexed list of nearly six hundred American books which 
 have been reprinted in Great Britain. 
 
 4th objection — That it would prevent the adaptation of English books to 
 American prejudices. 
 
 " We would also suggest," is the languagef of a former remonstrance 
 against international copyright, " another point of vital import. If Eng- 
 lish authors obtain copyrights upon their works here, and our markets are 
 supplied with them, ii is apparent that, having no power to adapt them to 
 our wants, our institutions, and our state of society, we must permit 
 their circulation as they are. We shall thus have a London literature 
 forced upon us, at once driving our own out of the field, and subjecting 
 the community to its influence. So long as we have power over it, so 
 long as we can shape it as may suit our own taste and condition, we 
 have nothing to fear." 
 
 Although we may have " the power," under the present state of things, 
 to mutilate and deface the unprotected works of foreign writers, yet, if 
 authors do possess that property in their productions attributed to them 
 by the committee who framed the present act of Congress, and recog- 
 nised, in the words of Lord Mansfield, by " the universal consent of ages," 
 then we have no right so to do ; and if we had both the power and the 
 right, it would exhibit but little confidence in the stability of our institu- 
 tions and the principles of their foundation, and but slight reliance on the 
 ability and patriotism of our own authors as the conservators and defend- 
 ers of their country's honor, were we to shrink from fairly meeting the 
 strictures and arguments of any writers, and especially were we to justify 
 publishers, while appropriating the work of a foreign author, to violate its 
 integrity by wanton and gratuitous interpolations, attributing to him sen- 
 timents which he never entertained, obliterating passages which they 
 think may clash with their patrons' prejudices, and pleasantly disposing, 
 by omission, of facts and arguments which might be hard to answer. 
 
 The " adaptation" of American books by British publishers has been 
 again and again denounced as unfair, unreasonable, and in every view 
 unjustifiable ; and the same reasons which make it a base thing in foreign 
 countries, exist to prevent it from being an honorable thing at home. J 
 
 ' 2d Kent's Commentaries, 'MT>. 
 
 "t 1V1 • ii a number of persons concerned in printing and publishing: Senate document 
 
 No. 323, -'i th Co m, June L5, 18 !■'(■ 
 
 enl numbei of the "Literary World," New York, February 5, 1848, has the fol- 
 lowing notice of the " adaptation" of an American book " to the wants of Germany:" 
 
 peafl p'uunj of American books. — A lato number of the London Athenccum gives an ac-
 
 Mis. No. 76. 11 
 
 5th objection — " That an international copyright law would be unjust, 
 as it. would have a retrospective operation, and impair the obligation of 
 existing contracts."* 
 
 This objection will be avcided by a bill applicable only to books which 
 may be published after its passage. 
 
 6th objection — " That American copyright is wore valuable than that 
 of Great Britain in respect to tinie and the fax on authors.'''' 
 
 The Committee on Patents, in their adverse report, remark : 
 
 " An extension of copyright is claimed also on the score of reciprocity. 
 But that principle is inadmissible, except where it is attended with equal 
 advantages on both sides. In addition to the inequality already men- 
 tioned, it is proper to advert to the difference in the value of copyright under 
 the British and American copyright law. In respect to time, calculating 
 the chances of life and of issue, theirs is one third shorter than ours ; and 
 our law exacts of the author but one copy, while that of Great Britain 
 imposes a tax of five, which is complained of there as an unjust and se- 
 vere exaction." 
 
 Since the date of that report, in June, 1S3S, the term of copyright in 
 Great Britain has been extended, by the act of 5th and 6th Vict., c. 45, 
 (passed July 1st, 1S42,) to forty-two years from the first publication of a 
 work, with a further term of seven years, to the author and his assigns — a 
 provision in some respects more to the interest of authors than the copy- 
 right act of the United States. 
 
 In regard to the number of copies to be required from authors under 
 an international copyright law, there has also been a change in the legis- 
 lation of both countries. The act of 1st and 2d Vict., chap. 59, entitled 
 " An act for securing to authors, in certain cases, the benefit of inter- 
 national copyright," (passed 30th July, 1838,) requires of the foreign 
 author only one printed copy of each book, and of every volume thereof, 
 to be delivered to the store housekeeper of the Company of Stationers, 
 for deposite in the library of the British Museum : whereas, by the act of 
 Congress of 10th August, 1S46, chap. 178, § 10, a copy of each book 
 admitted to copyright is required to be delivered to the librarian of the 
 Smithsonian Institution, in addition 10 that previously required for de- 
 posite in the library of Congress. So that, were foreign authors admitted 
 to the privilege of copyright in America, upon the same terms with our 
 own authors, two copies of their future publications would be deposited 
 in Washington, and thus two new libraries would spring up under the 
 auspices of Congress, without the expenditure of a dollar from the nation- 
 al treasury; libraries to whose shelves would be added year by year the 
 valuable works to which foreign genius may hereafter give birth, and that 
 would keep pace, in their enlargement, with the progress of letters, so long 
 as the American Union may continue, without money and without care. 
 
 count of an impudent exploit of book buccaneering; which has recently been performed in 
 Germany. Some German literary corsair has, it seems, boarded the home craft, known as 
 Mrs. Sed wick's 'Poor Rich Man,' and altered its register so as to make it hail from Ham- 
 burg. In a word, the plunderer has changed the title, and by striking out the word ' New 
 York ' where it occurred in the story, and substituting ' Hamburg,' with its streets and locali- 
 ties, lias taken the credit of originality instead of getting a halter for his rascality." 
 
 * Remonstrance of inhabitants of Massachusetts against the passage of an international copy" 
 right law. — Doc. No. 416, House of Representatives, 25th Congress 2d session — June 4, 1838.
 
 12 Mis. No. 76. 
 
 Your memorialist is impressed with the conviction that the passage of 
 an international copyright law would be attended by tbe various benefits 
 \hat have been suggested, unaccompanied by the evils which a few have 
 anticipated, and that such a law, even were it attended by some incon- 
 veniences from which it is free, would be warmly welcomed by Ameri- 
 can readers as an act of justice and benefit to many foreign authors who 
 have for long years, without compensation, delighted and instructed them, 
 and whose unpaid labors have afforded wealth to our publishers, and em- 
 ployment for our artisans in the book trade, and also as an act of justice 
 and benefit to our own authors, borne down by the operation of existing 
 laws intended for their benefit, but marked by an antiquated policy un- 
 worthy of our institutions and our age, alike illiberal and unjust. 
 
 Your memorialist shows to your honorable bodies that several of the 
 European governments have within the last year entered into conventions 
 with each other for international copyrights, based upon the same princi- 
 ple of reciprocity which was incorporated into the copyright law of seve- 
 ral of the United States before the adoption of the constitution,* and that 
 very many of our liberal and enlightened countrymen are earnestly de- 
 sirous to see the American republic in like manner recognise the rights 
 and protect the interests of all who belong to the republic of letters, and 
 not lag behind in the march of improvement, in which it is her boast to 
 be ever found foremost. 
 
 Your memorialist is further informed that in most of the copyright 
 conventions recently entered into between European governments, the 
 right of an author in his work is held to include the right to translate it 
 into any foreign language, and that no person is allowed to publish a 
 translation of another's work until the author has had an opportunity of 
 himself supplying such translation, if he thinks fit to do so. And your 
 memorialist submits that the extent to which the works of Cooper, Irving, 
 Prescolt, Sedgwick, Poe, and many others of our writers, are systemati- 
 cally translated into the various languages of Europe, renders it a matter 
 of serious importance that the right in foreign translations should, if possi- 
 ble, be secured to American authors. 
 
 Your memorialist therefore respectfully prays your honorable bodies to 
 take this subject under consideration, and to enact in amendment of the 
 present law of copyright, with such further provisions and amendments 
 as to your wisdom shall seem meet, that the provisions of the existing 
 law respecting copyrights passed on the third day of February, eighteen 
 hundred and thirty -one, shall be extended to, and its benefits enjoyed by, 
 the citizens or subjects of any foreign State or country which shall first 
 have granted to the citizens or residents of the United States the same 
 privileges within such foreign State or country, in regard to copyrights, as 
 are i by the citizens or subjects of such foreign State or country, 
 
 or by those of the most favored nations, upon their depositing a print- 
 ed copy of the title of the book or other work for which the copyright is 
 desired, in the clerk's office of the district court of any district in the 
 United States, and complying with the other requirements of the said act, 
 and depositing a duplicate copy of such work for i lie library of the Smith- 
 sonian Institute : Provided, That such privileges shall not attach to any 
 of the works enumerated in the aforesaid act, which shall have been 
 
 * Curtis on the Law of Copyright, pages 80, 81. 

 
 Mis. No. 76. 13 
 
 etched or engraved, printed, or published prior to the passage of such act 
 for extending the benefits thereof to foreign authors : And provided a 
 That the title-page of the work for which it is intended to secure the 
 copyright shall be deposited in the clerk's office of the district court, as 
 aforesaid, before any foreign copy thereof shall have been imported to this 
 country: And provided also. That such work shall be printed and pub- 
 lished in the United Slates within a specified time after the depositing of 
 the title-page as aforesaid. 
 
 And, further, that both American and foreign authors shall be equally 
 entitled to copyrights tor translations of their works into foreign lan- 
 guages, as for the ori2inal works themselves, on complying with the pro- 
 visions and conditions for that purpose above specified. 
 
 And your memorialist will every pray. 
 
 JOHN JAY. 
 
 New York, March IS, 1S48. 
 
 APPENDIX A. 
 
 Memorial of citizens of the United States for an international copyright 
 law, December 10 ; 1843. 
 
 To the honorable the House of Representatives of the United States : 
 
 This memorial, of American publishers and booksellers, 
 
 Resfectfully represents: 
 
 That your memorialists, publishers and venders of books in the United 
 States, and deeply interested, not only as booksellers in particular, but 
 also as American citizens in general, in the greatest possible diffusion of 
 knowledge and sound literature, are fully convinced, by their experience 
 as traders in books, that the present law regulating literary property is 
 seriously injurious both to the advancement of American literature and 
 to that very extensive branch of American industry which comprehends 
 the whole mechanical department of book-making. It isalike injurious 
 to the business of publishing and to the best and truest interests of the 
 people at large. 
 
 Your memorialists, after a careful and mature consideration of the im- 
 portant subject, are fully satisfied that the great interests of knowledge 
 and industry of those who provide the community with reading, and of 
 the vast reading community itself, would be most essentially promo- 
 ted by the passing of a law which would secure to the authors of all 
 nations the sole right to dispose of their compositions for publication in 
 the United States, (whether they may be published in foreign coun- 
 tries or not,) provided always the book be printed in the United States 
 within a certain time (to be settled by law) alter its publication in a 
 foreign country ; and provided also that the copyright for this country 
 shall be transferable from the author to American resident publishers 
 only. 
 
 Your memorialists are satisfied that this equitable protection would en- 
 able the publishers to furnish their fellow-citizens both with foreign and 
 American literature in such forms and at such prices as would truly meet
 
 14 
 
 Mis. No. 76. 
 
 the wants as well as the means of the people, while the writers of books 
 would receive the just compensation for their labor and talent wherever 
 their works may be read. Your memorialists are of opinion that the in- 
 terests of the authors-, the publishers, and the purchasers are reciprocal, 
 as those of the producer and consumer always are. 
 
 Your memorialists would also refer to the fact that no more than a 
 measure such as they respectfully but urgently desire, is necessary, in 
 order to secure at once to the American authors a copyright for their 
 books in Great Britain. 
 
 Your memorialists therefore respectfully request your honorable body 
 to take into consideration the present law ot copyright in the United 
 States, and to enact such law as may secure to the authors of foreign 
 nations the right to dispose of their works to American publishers, to be 
 printed in this country, providing that such right shall extend to the 
 authors of those countries only whose governments have granted, or may 
 grant, a reciprocal privilege to our authors, and with such other provisions 
 as may seem to your wisdom to be desirable and just. 
 
 And your memorialists, &c, &c. 
 
 Publishers and booksellers of New York. 
 
 D. Appleton & Co. 
 John Allen. 
 Bartlett & Wei ford. 
 Alexander V. Blake. 
 T. J. (Jrowen. 
 Robert Carter. 
 M W.Dodd. 
 Edward Dunigan. 
 Charles S. Francis & Co. 
 Charles J. Folsom. 
 Huntington & Savage. 
 J. & H. G. Langley. 
 
 Jonathan Leavitt. 
 William Go wans. 
 Roe Lock wood. 
 Robinson, Pratt <fe Co. 
 William Robinson. 
 James A. Sparks. 
 Swords, Stanford & Co. 
 John S. Taylor & Co. 
 E. Walker *fc Co. 
 Effingham Embree. 
 Turner & Hayden. 
 
 Printers of New York. 
 
 William Osborn. 
 James P. Wright 
 John F. Trow. 
 
 J. H. Jennings. 
 Thomas B. Smith. 
 
 Publishers of Boston. 
 
 T. H. Carter & Co. 
 Crocker & Brewster. 
 William Crosby & Co. 
 Robert S. Davis. 
 Joseph H. Francis. 
 Harrison Gray, 
 
 (Provided American plate, 
 type, and paper are used.) 
 Jenks cV. Palmer, 
 
 (Provided American type and 
 paper are used.) 
 
 Lewis & Sampson. 
 Samuel G. Drake. 
 Elizabeth P. Peabody. 
 W. J. Reynolds. 
 Saxton, Pierce & Co. 
 Tappan & Dennet. 
 W. D. Ticknor & Co. 
 Thomas II. Webb. 
 David II. Williams. 
 R. H. Sherburne. 
 D. S. King & Co.
 
 Mis. No. 76. 15 
 
 Win. B. Fowle & N. Capen. Otis, Broaders & Co. 
 
 B. B. Mussey. Benjamin Bradley, (bookbinder.) 
 
 Bookbinders of New York. 
 
 Samuel Middlebrook. Edward Walker. 
 
 Colton &. Jenkins. Edward G. Taylor. 
 
 George Hogg. James Liner. 
 A. T. Cantield. 
 
 Booksellers of Hartford and New Haven. Connecticut. 
 
 John C. Wells. Dunie & Peck. 
 
 Gordon Robbins, jr. A. H. Maltby. 
 
 Sidney Babcock. Benjamin Noyes.J 
 Croswell & Jewelt. 
 
 Booksellers and publishers of Philadelphia. 
 
 George S. Appleton. John W. Moore. 
 
 J. B. Lippincott & Co. William G. Wardle. 
 
 J. Wheatham & Son. James B. Longacre. 
 
 Hogan <fc Thompson. T. K. & P. G. Collins. 
 
 Edward C. Biddle. Jndah Dobson. 
 
 A. S. Barnes & Co. H. Hooker. 
 
 Carpenter Wharton. T. Ell wood Chapman. 
 
 Henry F. Annas. Richard S. H. George. 
 
 Thomson & Brown. R. W. Pomeroy. 
 
 Booksellers at different places. 
 
 John Owen, Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 Babcock & Co., Charleston, S. C. 
 
 Samuel Hart, sr., (per G. & P.) Charleston, S. C. 
 
 Pliny Miles, Watertown, N. Y. 
 
 William Wilson, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
 
 Francis Putnam, Salem, Mass. 
 
 W. & S. B. Ives, do. 
 
 Henry Whipple, do. 
 
 L. W. Hall & Co., Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 W. B. & C. E. Peck, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 O. G. Steele, do. 
 
 George Tracy, Utica, N. Y. 
 
 Bennett, Backus & Hauley, Utica, N. Y. 
 
 J. Tiffany, do. 
 
 Allen, Morrill & Ward well, Andover, Mass.
 
 16 Mis. No. 76. 
 
 APPENDIX B. 
 
 Catalogue of American books published in Great Britain. 
 
 A. 
 
 Abbott, Jacob, China and the English, ISmo ; Is. 6d. Ward. 
 
 Corner Stone, 12mo; 5s. Wightman. 
 
 Corner Stone, by Dr. Pye Smith, L2mo ; 5s. Seeley. 
 
 Corner Stone, with Essay, by Philip, ISino ; 2s. 6d. Ward. 
 
 Hoaryhead and the Valleys Below, ISmo ; 2s. Oc/. Hodson. 
 
 Little Philosopher, ISmo, half bound ; 2s. Seeley. 
 
 Reader, Pieces in Prose and Verse, ISmo ; 3s. Parker. 
 
 Rollo at Play, 12mo ; 2s. Or/. Tes?ff. 
 
 Rollo at School, ISmo ; 2s. bd. f egg. 
 
 Rollo at Vacation, 12mo ; 2s. 6d. Tegg. 
 
 Rollo at Work, 12mo ; 2s. 6d. Tegg. 
 
 Rollo Learning to Read, 12mo ; 2s. Or/. Tegg. 
 
 Rollo Learning to Talk, 12mo; 2s. 6d. Tegg. 
 
 Rollo's Code of Morals, ISmo ; 2s. Or/. Bogue. 
 
 Teacher, ISmo, 3s., Darton. By Mayo, 12mo,5s. Seeley. 
 
 Way to do Good, 12mo ; 3s. Dinnis. 
 
 Works, Svo ; 12s. Tegg. 
 
 Young Christian, by Cunningham, 12mo ; 2s. Or/. Seeley. 
 
 Young Christian, by Inness. 12 mo ; 2s. Or/. Longman. 
 
 Young Christian, by Walton, ISmo; 2s. Or/. Mason. 
 Abbott, J. C, Child at Home, 32tno ; 2s. Mason. ISmo ; 2s. 6d. Seeley. 
 Abeel's (David) Residence in China, &c, lS30-'33, 12mo ; 6s. JNisbet. 
 Adams, Hannah, History of the Jews, Svo ; 12s. Duncan. 
 Adams, Hannah, View of all Religions, by Fuller, 12mo; 7s. 6d. Wil- 
 liams. 
 Alsop, Richards, Translation of Molina's History of Chili. 
 Alexander, (Arch.) Canon of the Scriptures Ascertained, 12mo; 5s. Mil- 
 ler. 
 Alston, Washington, Sylph of the Seasons, and other Poems. 
 
 Mouoldi, ISmo. Moxon. 
 American Biography, Lives of Mrs. Judson and Ramsay, ISmo ; 3s. 6d. 
 
 Hamilton. 
 American Biography, Broad Grins, ISmo ; 2s. Or/. Tyas. 
 American Biography in England, by Lieut. Slidell, 2 vols, post Svo; 18s. 
 
 Golbura. 
 Anthon's (C.) First Latin Grammar and Exercises, by Hayes, 12mo, bd. ; 
 
 4s. Tegg. 
 Anthon's (C.) Greek Grammar, by Major, 12mo, bd. ; 4s. Tegg. 
 
 Greek Reader, by Boyd, 12mo ; 7s. 0>d. Tegg. 
 
 Prosody and Metre, by Major, 12mo, bd. ; 2s. Tegg. 
 Arthur's (T. S.) New Story Book, 3:3mo ; 2s. Darton. 
 Atlantic Club Book, 2 vols. Svo., 18s. Newman. 
 Audubon's Ornithological Biography, v. 1-0, royal Svo; each £1 5s. 
 
 Longman. 
 Audubon's Synopsis of the Birds of North America, Svo ; 12s. Longman.
 
 Mis. No. 76. 17 
 
 B. 
 
 Bancroft, History of the United States, 2 vols, royal 8vo ; £Y 6s. Ful- 
 
 lerton. 
 Baird, Rev. Dr. Robert, Religion in America, 8vo. 
 Barnes, A., Notes on Isaiah, Svo ; £\ 5s. Tegg. 
 
 Notes on the Gospels, 2 vols. I81110 ; 2s. Tract Society. 
 Notes on the New Testament, vols. 1, 6, and 9, post 8vo ; 
 
 each 4.9. 6rf. Blackie. 
 Questions on the Gospels ; 2s. Blackie. 
 New Testament. Ward & Co. 
 Beck,T. R., Elements of Medical Jurisprudence, 8vo ; JJl Is. Longman. 
 Bedell's Memoirs of S. H. Tyng, 8vo ; 7s. 6rf. Seeley. 
 Bellanny, Nature and Glory of the Gospel, 8vo ; Ward. 
 Belden,S. W., Case of J. C. Rider, the Sonambulist, ISmo; 2s. Hodson. 
 Biblical Cabinet, No. 7, Plank's Sacred Philology and Interpretation, Ox. 
 Hamilton. 
 Stuart's Greek Syntax of the New Testament, 6s. 
 Hamilton. 
 Botta's War of Independence of America, translated by Otis, royal Svo ; 
 
 13s. F 11 liar ton. 
 Bowditch, Practical Navigation, by Kirby, 8vo, bd. ; 12s. Hardy. 
 Brister, John, America and her Resources, Svo ; 9s. Colburn. 
 
 Anglican and Anglo-American Churches, Svo ; 10s. Qd. 
 Bruen, Matthias, Memoir of, 12mo ; 7s. Hamilton. 
 Bryant, Wm. C, Poems, Svo ; Smith. 
 
 Poems, 18mo ; Clark. 
 Buckminster's Sermons, 2 vols. Svo ; £1 2s. Hunter. 
 Burnap, G. W., Lectures on the History of Christianity, 12mo ; 7s. 
 J. Chapman. 
 Lectures on the Principal Passages of Scripture, l2mo ; 
 65-. J. Chapman. 
 Burion, a novel, 3 vols. l2mo ; 18s. Newman. 
 Bush's Notes on Genesis, 2 vols. 12mo ; d'l 10s. 
 Notes on Joshua, Svo ; Ward. 
 Notes on Judges, Svo ; Ward. 
 
 C. 
 
 Cabot, Sebastian, Memoir of, Svo ; 10s. Sherwood. 
 
 Caesar's Commentarii, with English notes, by Anthon, 12mo, bd. ; 6s. 
 
 Tegg. 
 Cassar's Commentarii, with English notes, by Anthon, 12mo ; 4s. 6 /. 
 
 Longman. 
 Catlin, G., North American Indians, 2 vols, royal 8vo ; £1 10s. Bogne. 
 Indian Portfolio, imperial folio, 5, 6; 5s. Col. J'lO IQs. 
 H. Bohn. 
 Cavaliers of Virginia, an Historical Romance, 3 vols. 12mo ; 16s. Grf- 
 
 Newman. 
 Chandler, P. W., American Criminal Trials, vols. 1 and 2, 8vo; each 9s. 
 Benning. 
 
 2
 
 18 Mis. No. 76. 
 
 Charming, W. E., Discourses, 12mo ; 6s. Sirapkin. 
 Essays, 12mo ; 4s. bd. Simpkin. 
 Essays, Literary and Political, 12mo ; 6s. Simpkin. 
 Slavery, 12mo ; 2s. 6d. Simpkin. 
 Political Writings, 12mo ; 3s. Simpkin. 
 Works, 6 vols, post Svo ; £1 16s. Simpkin. 
 Works, People's edition, 2 vols. Svo ; 8s. Simms & 
 Mel. 
 Cheever, G. B., Lectures on Pilgrim's Progress, Bunyan's, Svo ; 6s. Ful- 
 larton. 
 Lectures on Pilgrim's Progress, 12mo, 2s. ; post Svo, 3s. 
 
 Collins 
 Wanderings in the Shade of Mont Blanc, post Svo ; 
 
 3s. 6d. Collins. 
 Wanderings in the Shade of Jungfrau, post Svo ; 3s. 6d. 
 Collins. 
 Child at Home, 12mo ; 2s. 6d. H. S. Clarke. 
 Childs' Letters from New York, post Svo ; 10s. 6^. Bentley. 
 Little Girl's Own Book, lSmo ; 4s. 6d. Tegg. 
 Mothers' Book Revised, 12mo ; 2s. 6d. Parker. 
 Mothers' Story Book ; N. Y., 32mo ; 3s. 6d. Tegg. 
 Western Coronal, Prose and Verse, 18mo ; 3s. Whittaker. 
 Christians' Family Library, vol. 2, Life of Rev. Edward Payson, 5s. 
 
 Seeley. 
 Clark, J. A., Glimpses of the Old World, 2 vols, post 8vo ; 14s. Bayster. 
 Rome, its Wonders and its Worship, 1.8 mo ; 2s. 6d. Bayster. 
 Cleaveland's Mineralogy and Geology, Svo ; £1 10s. Longman. 
 Clinton, Dewitt, Memoirs of, by Hosack, 4to ; £2 2s. Longman. 
 Coleman, Church without a Prelate, Essay by Neanrier,Svo; 3s. (5d. Ward. 
 Colton, Calvin, History of American Revivals, 12mo; 5s. Westley. 
 
 Manual for Emigrants to America, 18mo; 2s. 6rf. West- 
 ley. 
 Thoughts on Religious State of America, l2mo ; 3s. 6d. 
 
 Hod son. 
 Tour of the American Lakes, &c, 2 vols, post 8vo ; 18s. 
 
 Westley. 
 Voice from America to England, Svo . 
 Cooper's (J. F.) Afloat and Ashore. 3 vols. 8vo ; £1 lis. 6d. Bentley. 
 Borderers, 3 vols. 12mo ; £1 Is. Colburu. 
 Bravo, 3 vols, post Svo; JH lis. 6r/. Colburn. 
 Chainbearer, 3 vols, post Svo ; £\ lis. bd. Bentley. 
 Deerslayer, 3 vols. 8vo ; £i lis. (id. Bentley. 
 England, Sketches of Society, &c, 3 vols. Svo ; ^1 lis. 
 
 6d. Bentley. 
 Evere Effingham, or Home, 3 vols. ; £1 4s. Bentley. 
 Excursions in Italy, 2 vols, post Svo; £1 Is. Bentley. 
 Excursions in Switzerland, 2 vols. 8vo; £1 Is. Bentley. 
 French Governess, post 8vo ; 1 0s. 6^/. Bentley. 
 Headsman, 3 vols. ; £\ Ms. bd. Bentley. 
 Ileidenmauer, 3 vols. ; £1 lis. 6rf. Bentley. 
 Homeward Bound, 3 vols. ; £1 As. Bentley. 
 Jack O'Lantern, 3 vols. ; ,i"l lis. 6^/. Bentley. 
 Last of the Mohicans, 3 vols. 12rno ; £1 Is. Simpkin.
 
 Mis. No. 76. 10 
 
 Cooper's (J. F.) Lucy Hardinge, Sequel to Afloat and Ashore, 5 vols, 
 post 8vo ; jfcl lis. (JJ. Bentley. 
 Lionel Lincoln, 5 vols, post Svo ; XI Is. Miller. 
 Mercedes of Castile, 3 vols, post Svo; X\ lis. 6c/. 
 
 Bentley. 
 Monikins, 3 vols, post; £1 lis. 6cA Bentley. 
 Ned Myers, 2 vols, post Svo ; 18s. Bentley. 
 Notions of the Americans, 2 vols. Svo ; X\ S.v. Colburn - 
 Pathfinder, 3 vols, post 8vo ; £\ lis. 6d. Bentley. 
 Pioneers, or Sources of the Susquehanna, 12mo; 18s. 
 
 Simpkin. 
 Pilot, 3 vols, 12mo ; X\ Is. Miller. 
 Prairie, 3 vols. 12mo ; J-i 4s. Colburn. 
 Precaution, 3 vols. 12nio ; £1 4s. Colburn. 
 Recollections of Europe, 2 vols, post Svo ; SI Is. 
 
 Bentley. 
 Red Rover, 3 vols, post Svo ; £1 lis. 6c/. Bentley. 
 Residence in France, &c, 2 vols, post Svo ; £1 Is. 
 
 Bentley. 
 Satanstoe, 3 vols, post Pvo ; J>1 lis. 6c/. Bentley. 
 Spy, a Tale of the Neutral Ground, 3 vols. 12mo ; £1 Is. 
 
 Whittaker. 
 Two Admirals, 3 vols, post Svo ; £1 lis. 67. Bentley. 
 Water Witch, 3 vols, post Svo; £\ lis. 6cZ. Colburn. 
 Wyandotte, or the Hunted Knoll, 3 vols, post Svo ; £\ 
 lis. 6c/. Bentley. 
 Cortes, or the Fall of Mexico, a romance by Dr. Bird, 3 vols, post Svo; 
 
 IV Is. Bentley. 
 Countess, the, a novel by Fay, 3 vols, post Svo; X°l lis. (5c/. Bentley. 
 Cox, S. H., Missionary Remains, with notes by Ellis, 18mo; 2s. Fisher. 
 Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, with notes by Mrs. Murtrie, Svo ; £3 12s. 
 Baldwin. 
 
 D. 
 
 Dana, R., Seaman's Manual, 12mo; 5s. Moxon. 
 Two Years before the Mast. Moxon. 
 Poems, ISmo. Clarke. 
 Davidson, Memoirs and Remains, by Miss Sedgwick, 12mo ; os. Bogue. 
 Mary, Life and Remains of, by \V. lrvin, 12mo ; 5s. Bogue. 
 Davies, Samuel, Sermons, 4 vols. Svo ; J?l 16s. Baynes. 
 Dewey, O., Discourses on Various Subjects, 12mo ; 4s. J. Chapman. 
 Journal of a Tour in Europe, 2 vols. 12mo ; 15s. Fox. 
 Moral Views of Commerce, Society, &c, 12mo ; 6s. Fox. 
 Works, Svo ; 7s. 6'/. Shnms and Mel. 
 Dickenson, J., Letters on Religious Subjects, ISmo ; 2s. Tract So- 
 ciety. 
 Doane, Bishop, Sermons, Svo ; ISs. Rivington. 
 Double Duel, or Hoboken, by Theo. Fay, 3 vols, post Svo ; ^1 lis. 6c/. 
 
 Bentley. 
 Downing, Major, Letters to his friend Mr. Dwight, 12mo ; 3s. Murray. 
 Dunglisson, R., Diseases of the Stomach, &c, Svo; 7s. 6c/. Whmaker.
 
 20 Mis. No. 76. 
 
 Dunlap, William, American Stage, with anecdotes, 2 vols. 8vo ; £1 Sj. 
 
 Bentley. 
 Dutchman's Fireside, 2 vols, post 8 vo; £1 Is. Colburn. 
 Dwight, T., Sermons, 2 vols. Svo ; £1 4s. Duncan. 
 
 System of Theology, 5 vols. ISmo ; £[ 10s. Tegg. 
 
 System of Theology, imp. Svo ; £1 \s. Tegg. 
 
 Travels in America, 4 vols. Svo ; £2 2s. Baynes. 
 
 The Father's Book, ISmo ; 2s. &d. Fry, 
 
 E. 
 
 Eddy, Thos., Life of, by S. L. Knapp, post Svo ; 6s. Fry. 
 Edwards, Jona, Freedom of the Will, 12mo ; 3s. Nelson. Svo, 8s. H„ 
 Bohn. 
 Memoirs, by Hopkins, 12mo ; 4s. Allen. 
 Original Sin, 12mo ; 5s. Duncan. 
 Redemption, l2mo, 4s. 6&?. ; Svo, 6s. Baynes. Svo, 8s. 
 
 Virtue, 
 Religious Affections, ISmo, 3s. Tract Society. Svo, 5s 
 
 6d. Hamilton. 
 Revivals of Religion ; New York, Svo ; 2s. 6d. Snow. 
 Sermons, ISmo; 2s. 6d. Tract Society. 
 Sermons and Life, 2 vols. l2ino; 7s. Baynes. 
 Works, 4 vols. Svo ; £2 16s. Wiley & Putnam. 
 Works, with notes, 8 vols, royal Svo; £6. Hamilton. 
 Works, by Hickman, 2 vols. imp. Svo ; £2 2s. H. Bohn. 
 Emerson, R., Essays, with preface by T, Carlyle, 12mo ; 10s. Nick. 
 inson. 
 Nature, l8mo. Clarke. 
 
 Nature, 2d series, post Svo ; 3s. Q>d. J. Chapman. 
 Orations, 18mo. Clarke. 
 Poems, 12mo. Clarke. 
 Europe, or a Survey of the Principal Powers; 1S22, Svo j 12s. Long- 
 man. 
 
 Family Library, vol. 11— Irving's Life and Voyages of Columbus, 
 vol. IS — Irving's Companions of Columbus, 
 vol. 39, 40 — Irving's Sketch Book, 2 vols, 
 vol. 55 — Knickerbocker's New York. 
 Farnham, T. J., Travels in the great Western Prairies, 2 vols, post 8vo; 
 
 £1 Is. Bentley, 
 Finney, C. G., Lectures on Revivals in Religion, 12mo ; 3s. 6c?. Tegg. 
 Lectures on Revivals in Religion, by Patton ; New York. 
 
 Svo ; 2s. Snow. 
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 Follen, Mrs., Life of Charles Follen, 12mo ; 5s. 6d. J. Chapman.
 
 Mis. No. 76. 21 
 
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 Judah and Israel, 12tno; 3s. Ward. 
 Frost, John, History of the United States of America, 12mo ; 5s. 6c/. 
 
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 Childs' Book of the Soul, sq. 16mo, half bound ; 3*. 
 
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 22 Mis. No. 76. 
 
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 Mis. No. 76. 23 
 
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 24 Mis. No. 76. 
 
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 Mackenzie, W. L., Sketches of Canada and United States, post Svo; 10s. 
 
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 Metcalf, S., Caloric and its Agencies, 2 vols. Svo ; J>\ 15s. Pickering. 
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 Mis. No. 76. 25 
 
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 26 Mis. No. 76. 
 
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 Mis. No. 76. 27 
 
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 28 Mis. No. 76. 
 
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 Mis. No. 76. 
 
 29 
 
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 30 Mis. No. 76. 
 
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 8vo ; Jl 8s. Colburn. 
 Waterstown, R. C, Thoughts on Moral and Spiritual Culture, 12mo; 4s. 
 
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 Wayhuid, Francis, Flemcnts of Political Economy, abridged, 18mo; 2s. 
 Parker.
 
 Mis. No. 76. 31 
 
 Wayland, Francis, Limitations of Human Responsibility, 12mo ; 3s. (Jd. 
 
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 Webster, Noah, English Dictionary, by Barker, 2 vols. 4to ; £2 12s. 6d. 
 
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 Wheaton, Henry, Elements of International Law, 2 vols. Svo ; £1 Is. 
 Fellows. 
 History of the Danes and Normans, 8vo ; 85. Mur- 
 ray. 
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 United States Exploring Expedition, Whitakcr's Popular Library, 3 
 
 parts, each 10s. bV. 
 Woolman, John, Life and Labors of, 12mo. Hurst. 
 Willis, N. P., Dashes at Life with a Free Pencil, 3 vols, post Svo; £1 
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 Inklings of Adventure, 3 vols, post Svo; £1 lis. bd. 
 
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 Letters from under a Bridge, and Poems, post 4to ; / 1 . 
 
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 Loiteringsof Travel, 3 vols, post Svo; £Y lis. 6d. Long- 
 man. 
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 Winslow, B., Life and Remains, by Bishop Doane, 12mo; 6s. Riving- 
 
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 Worcester, I. E., English Dictionary, 12mo., bound, 7s. 6d. Souter. 
 Noah, Atoning Sacrifice. 12mo; 2s. Mardon. 
 
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 Young Man's Book of Piety, royal 32mo ; 3s. Whitaker. 
 Young Man's Own Book, 24tno; 3s. 6d. Tegg.
 
 32 Mis. No. 76. 
 
 MEMORIAL OF W. C. BRYANT AND OTHERS. 
 
 To the honorable the Senate and House of Representatives in €ongress as- 
 sembled : 
 
 The memorial of the undersigned, citizens of the State of New York, 
 
 Respectfully asks 
 
 The attention of your honorable bodies to the insufficient protection 
 afforded to American literature by the present law of Congress on the 
 subject of copyright. 
 
 Your memorialists are well persuaded that many injuries, direct and 
 remote, are inflicted, by the exclusion of foreigners from the privileges of 
 that act, upon the rights of American authors, upon the stability and re- 
 spectability of the American book trade, and upon the best interests of 
 the American reading ' public; and that the passage of an international 
 copyright law, by which foreign authors should be allowed their copy- 
 right here, and American authors assisted to their copyright abroad, 
 would not only be an act of national justice, but of national policy ; that 
 it would afford to our native authors, what they have never yet enjoyed, 
 " a fair field ;" that it would supply a new stimulus to intellectual exer- 
 tion, infuse a more elavated tone into our national literature, give a 
 healthier character and a wider competition to the American book trade, 
 and secure a better class of books for general circulation. 
 
 Your memorialists therefore respectfully pray your honorable bodies 
 to take this subject under consideration, and to enact, in amendment of 
 the present law of copyright, with such further provisions and amend- 
 ments as to your wisdom shall seem meet, that the provisions of the ex- 
 isting law respecting copyrights, passed on the third day of February, 
 eighteen hundred and thirty-one, shall be extended to, and its benefits 
 enjoyed by, the citizens or subjects of any foreign State or country 
 which shall first have granted to the citizens or residents of the United 
 States the same privileges within such foreign. State or country, in regard 
 to copyrights, as are enjoyed by the citizens or subjects of such foreign 
 State or country, or by those of the most favored nations, upon their de- 
 positing a printed copy of the title of the book or other work for which 
 the copyright is desired, in the clerk's office of the district court of any 
 district in the United States, and complying with the other requirements 
 of the said act, and depositing a duplicate copy of such work for the 
 library of the Smithsonian Institute : Provided^ That such privileges shall 
 not attach to any of the works enumerated in the aforesaid act, which 
 shall have been etched or engraved, printed or published, prior to the 
 passage of such act for extending the benefits thereof to foreign authors : 
 And provided also, That the title-page of the work for which it is intend- 
 ed to secure the copyright shall be deposited in the clerk's office of the 
 district court as aforesaid, before any foreign copy thereof shall have been 
 imported to this country: And provided also, That such work shall be 
 printed and published in the United States within a specified time after 
 the depositing of the title-page. 
 
 And further, that both American and foreign authors shall be equally 
 entitled to copyrights for translations of their works into foreign Ian-
 
 Mis. No. 76. 33 
 
 guages, as for the original works themselves, on complying with the pro- 
 visions and conditions for that purpose, above specified. 
 And your memorialists will ever pray. 
 
 I WM. C. BRYANT. 
 
 C. P. HOFFMAN. 
 
 MAUNSELL B. FIELD. 
 
 OGDEN HOFFMAN, Jr. 
 
 W. B. LAURANE. 
 
 THEODORE SEDGWICK. 
 
 GEORGE GIBBS. 
 
 JOHN SLOSSON. 
 
 RICHARD S. EMMET. 
 
 OSGOOD FIELD. 
 
 JOHN W. RITCH. 
 
 CHARLES C. LECKEY. 
 
 JOHN G. HYER. 
 
 M. WE Y ANT. 
 
 J. SEDGWICK. 
 
 HENRY G. WHEELER.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
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