UC-NRLF Q 2 b7^ 110 SCHOOL MANUAL OF STYLE GOVERNING COMPOSITION AND PROOF READING IN THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. PKKPAKf'' ' ^'" '• ' ,r,r. ri.M.u iki mi.k. WASHINGTON : GOVERNMEiNT PRINTING OFFICE. 1894. MANUAL OF STYLE GOVERNING COMPOSITION AND PROOF READING IN THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE PUBLIC PRINTER. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1894. 1(523 CONTENTS. Page. Abbreviations .' 1 8 Bill style 25-28 Capitalization 9-16 Compounding 17 Court work 22 Follow — follow lit 22 General testimony 23 Geographic names 7 Greek accents 40 Greek alphabet 40 Greek case 40 Journal work , 29-32 Mathematical, astronomical, and physical signs 39 Miscellaneous 24 Orthography 7 Preface 5 Standard page measurements 39 Suggestions to authors 6 Suggestions for compositors, readers, and revisers 33-38 Tabular work 19-21 Use of figures 18 Use of itauc 23 3 002 PREFACE. Clear and positive rules for composition and proof reading are needed in printing offices to prevent confusion and unnecessary delay and expense. Inflexible rules for style in all works can not be given, but for the general work of the Government Printing OflSce the rules herein contained will be observed. When important changes are to be made, written or printed instructions will be furnished or there will be a special preparation of copy. All persons connected with the typographical divisions of this office are requested to preserve this book and study carefully and well the rules and suggestions offered for their guidance. Department editors are requested to make their copy conform as nearly as possible to the style here presented, and to specify fully when sending work to this office any general deviation therefrom that may be desired. 5 SUGGESTIONS TO AUTHORS. Authors are advised to so prepare their copy that it can be clearly understood by the printer. Nothing should be left for conjecture. Measurable perfection can be secured by first transcribing copy on the typewriter, and before releasing it for publication giving it as careful revision as is afterwards given proof sheets. In the end this will not only save time, but Department printing funds frequently exhausted in making author's corrections in proof Avill be available for other work. Typewritten copy is always preferable, when not on paper too thin, but plain copy is absolutely essential to good work. The following are offered as suggestions which, if heeded, will enable this office to achieve the best results : 1. All paragraphs should be clearly marked on copy, thus avoiding vexatious mis- prints due to overrunning in proof. 2. Objects, photographs, or drawings for illustration should accompany manu- script. Each should bear the name of the publication to which it belongs, together with the figure or plate number, and necessary titles or legends for the same should be inserted at the proper place in copy. A complete list of plates and figures should always accompany the paper. 3. When a work is made up of several parts, or papers, a carefully prepared sched- ule of the desired arrangement should be forwarded with the manuscript. 4. Proper names and technical terms should be plainly and carefully written, using CAPITAL letters if necessary, and each should be verified before the copy is sent to the printer. 5. Details of capitalization and punctuation may be safely left to the printers and proofreaders. It is part of their profession; they make a study of the subject, and will generally meet the author's taste. 6. Write only on one side of the paper. When printed matter covering more than one side of a sheet is used as copy, a duplicate should be furnished ; otherwise much trouble is caused in cutting. 7. When, as an afterthought, new matter making more than a line is inserted, it should be written on a separate sheet and the place for its insertion clearly indicated. 8. Galley proofs will be furnished when desired. It is important that all correc- tions be made on the first proofs ; later ones should be used only for purposes of verification. 9. Corrections in stereotype or electrotype plates usually do more harm than good. They weaken the plate and render new errors probable through damaged letters. 10. Authors and compilers are requested to direct those handling their manuscript to transmit the same to the Printing Office in flat form — never to roll it if it can be avoided. 6 RULES GOVERNING WORK IN THE DOCUiMENT DIVISIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. (Adopted December 3, 1894.) ORTHOGRAPHY. 1. Follow Webster's International Dictionary. 2. Observe the spelling of the following words: Arapahoe backward draft, drafting, etc. employee Arapahoes forward manila (city audproanioii; St. Francois. 7 ABBREVIATIONS. ABBREVIATIONS. 1. Follow Postal-Guide contractions for States and Territories (except Oregon, for which use Oreg.) after names of forts, barracks, arseuals, navy-yards, naval stations, post-of3Bci'8, counties, military or Indian reservations, and Indian agencies. Note the following examples: Fort Barrancas, Fla. Vancouver Barracks, Wash. Rock Island Arsenal, 111. League Island Navy- Yard, Pa. Key West Naval Station, Fla. Albany, N. T. Hudson County, N. J. Pyramid Lake Reservation, Nev. Pine Rid"e Agency, S. Dak. Springfield Armory, Mass. Fort Hyer Military Reservation, Va. POSTAL-GUIDE CONTRACTIONS. Alabama Ala. Alaska Territory Alaska Arizona Territory Ariz. Arkansas Ark. California Cal. Colorado Colo. Connecticut Conn. Delaware Del. District of Columbia D. C. Florida Fla. Georgia Ga. Idaho Idaho Illinois 111. Indiana Ind. Indian Territory Ind. T. Iowa Iowa Kansas Kans. Kentucky Ky. Louisiana La. Maine Me. Maryland Md. Massachusetts Mass. Michigan Mich. Minnesota Minn. Mississippi Miss. Missouri Mo. Montana Mont. Nebraska Nebr. Nevada Nev. New Hampshire N. H. New Jersey N. J. New Mexico Territory . .N. Mex. New York N. Y. North Carolina N. C. North Dakota N.Dak. Ohio Ohio Oklahoma Territory. ..Okla. Oregon Oregon Pennsylvania Pa. Rhode Island R.I. South Carolina S. C. South Dakota S. Dak. Tennessee Tenn. Texas Tex. Utah Territory Utah Vermont Vt. Virginia Va. Washington Wash. West Virginia W. Va. Wisconsin Wis. Wyoming Wyo. 2. Titles of courtesy and professional titles preceding names will be contracted or spelled according to the following list : Mr. Rev. * M. (monsieur) * Signorita Messrs. (the Reverend) " MM. (messieurs) * Sen or Mrs. Right Rev. * Kme. (madame) * Senorita Dr. Very Rev. * Mile, (mademoiselle) * Senora Professor (with surname) Hon. *Mgr. (monsignor) *Herr Prof, (with Christian (the Honorable) " Sig. (signor) name) Right Hon. * Signora Note. — When any of the titles marked with an asterisk, with or without the Christian name, pre- cedes "de," use lower-case "d;" otherwise use capital "D." This rule applies also to "du," "von," " van," etc. 3. Military and official titles i)receding names will be spelled out in text when the Christian name or initial is not used, but in tabular work and where the Chris- tian i: ame or initial is used the annexed list will be the guide : President Governor Supt. Bvt. (brevet) Army titles : 6en. Lieut. Gen. Maj. Gen. Brig. Gen. Adjt. Gen. Surg. Gen. Judge-Advocate-Gen Insp. Gen. Com. Gen. Army titles : Q.M.Gen. P.M. Gen. Col. Lieut. Col. Maj. Surg. Chaplain Capt. Asst. Surg. First Lieut. Second Lieut. Sergt. Maj. Hosp. Steward Army titles : Com. Sergt. Q. M. Sergt. Ord. (ordnance) Sergt Sergt. First Sergt. Second Sergt. Orderly-Sergt. Corpl. Private Musician Navy titles: Admiral Vice- Admiral Navy titles : Rear- Admiral Commodore Capt. Commander Lieut. Commander Lieut. Lieut. (Junior Grade) Ensign Surg. P. A. Surg., etc. Asst. Surg. Chief Engineer Chaplain 4. Distinguishing titles and college degrees, following names, will always be contracted, as jr., sr., esq.; Ph. D.,LL. D.; U.S.A., U.S.N. (See also under "Capi- talization.") Note.— The contractions "U. S. A." and "U. S. N.," for United States Army and United States Navy will be used when so written. When written "U. S. Army" or "U. S. Navy," spell in full, as— John L. Worden, U. S. N. N. A. Miles, U. S. A. R. W. Meade, United States Navy. G. G. Crook, United States Army. CAPITALIZATION. V 5. In parenthetic references to books use "p." and "pp." for page and pages, and "sec." and "sees." for section and sections. 6. "St." will be used for Saint, but Fort and Mount will not be abbreviated. 7. Use "etc." instead of "&c." Use the character "&" in firm names, but not in titles of companies having geographic or commercial words as part of the corporate name, nor in literary, scientific, artistic, or musical companionships. Examples: Smith & Brown. Washinston and Norfolk Steamboat Company. George W. Johnson & Co. Atlantic ami Pacitic Telt-graph Conipany. William Greene Clerk President Sergeant-at-Arms Doorkeeper Secretary Speaker 6. Capitalize the legislative bodies, with their sections, of Governments : Parliament Rigsdag Cortes House of Lords Eeichsrath Legislature (Hawaii) House of Commons National Assembly the Right the Lords Corps L^gislatif the Center the Commons Bundesratli the Left the Reichstag Skupshtina States-General (Holland) 7. The words "president," "king," "queen," "czar," "emperor," etc., when used definitely and referriug to rulers of countries, should be capitalized, as the Presi- dent, the Emperor, the Emperor of China, the Chinese Emperor, etc. 8. Capitalize the first word of a direct quotation. Example: Solomon says, " Pride goeth before destruction." Do not capitalize such indirect quotations as "a wise man says that pride goeth before destruction." 9. Capitalize the first word of such indirect quotations as the following, but do not quote : The orator's chief thought was, How shall we pay the debt? The penitent's cry was, What shall I do to be saved ? The subject for debate was, Which is the greater, the pen or the sword? 10. Capitalize all commissions and boards authorized by act of Congress when given in full, singular and plural, as Fish Commission, Civil Service Commission, Mississippi River Commission, District of Columbia Board of Commissioners, Light- House Board, etc.; also the words "commission," " commissioner," and "board" where standing alone and referring to the above. 11. Capitalize all words denoting the Deity; "Reformation" (the), "Revolution" (1776), "Revolutionary war," "French Revolution." 12. Capitalize the words " army" and "navy" only when they mean the entire Army and Navy of the United States, and lower-case when used as adjectives. Examples : The troops were supplied with army saddles and blankets. The army before Nashville was commanded by General Thomas. He spoke for the Army and Navy, as well as the Administration. Their clothes were made of navy cloth, and their general appearance was that of navy officials. He is at the head of the American Navy and conversant with everything pertaining to navy affairs. 13. When any word is used specifically as a synonym for " Government" and refers to any nation, as "crown," " empire," " kingdom," " republic," "administration," or " state," capitalize it, singular or plural. When indefinite or applied to dependen- cies, lower-case it. Examples: The Government of the United States, which Government is the best of Governments. President Cleveland's Administration compared favorably with preceding Administrations. His estates were forfeited to the Crown, and his jewels were used to adorn the King's crown. Upon the fall of the French Empire, the Empire of Germany was proclaimed. France, as a republic, strengthened the Republics of the world; as an empire, it weakened them. 14. Capitalize "state," "territory," "district" (applied to a Federal district, as District of Alaska, District of Columbia), "canton" (in Switzerland), "province" (in Canada and Australia), etc., both singular and plural, when referring to admin- istrative divisions of any country. CAPITALIZATION. 11 15. When the word ''state" is used in contradistinction to " church," lower-case it, as "A union of church and state;" also "secretary of state of New York," "state policy," "affairs of state," etc. 16. Capitalize heads of Departments and Bureaus (of the United States Government only), hut lower-case division and section officers. 17. Capitalize names of political parties : Kepublicans, Democrats, Tories, Home Rulers, Populists, People's Party, Prohibition party. Prohibitionists, Farmers' Alli- ance, Liberals, etc. 18. Capitalize names of societies: Odd Fellows, B'nai B'rith, etc. 19. Capitalize names of geological ages, eras, and periods : Ages: Eras : Periods : Archeean Triassic — Calciferous Paleozoic Lower Chazy Cenozoic Middle Corniferous Eras: Upper Subcarboniferous Lower Silurian Khsetic Carboniferous Upper Silurian Cretaceous — Permian Devonian Lower Eocene Carboniferous Tertiary Oligocene iCesozoic Quaternary Post-Tertiary Mio<;ene Jura-Trias Pliocene Jurassic — Azoic Glacial Lias Ezoic Kecent Oolite Cambrian Purbeck 20. Capitalize all desiguatious in connection with capital letters orroman numerals, as Title XV, Schedule C, Finding VI, Exhibit K, Statement B, Article IV, Art. V, Chapter IX, Chap. XI, Volume XX, Vol. X, Section VII, Sec. VI, etc.; but lower- case when used with figures, as chapter 10, volume 5, chap. 8, vol. 2, etc. "Exhibit," "Appendix," and "Table" will be capitalized in all cases when preceding numerals or figures. 21. Capitalize the principal words in full titles of books, plays, and pictures, but do not quote. Also short titles of books, when in the singular, as Brown's Gram- mar, Bancroft's History, Webster's Dictionary, etc. When referring to a subject in a book, quote, but capitalize only the first word. 22. Capitalize "Presidential," "Congressional," "Senatorial," and "Territorial," referring to the President, Congress, S»'nate, and a Territory of the United States. 23. Signature and address names will be set in caps and small caps, with title or direction following in italics, in the same line if not over half the line is used for the purpose; otherwise hanging two ems or more. Capitalize principal words in lines connected with signatures and addresses. Make signatures and addresses compact, using partially filled lines where the contiguous matter is open enough to give a signature proper prominence. It is well to have a white line between text and signature, but this is not imperative; general api)earance must govern. Signa- tures are placed at the right of the page, indented 1, 3, or .5 ems from the right, as may be necessary ; addresses are placed to the left, flush if at the top of a jiaper, indented one em if at the bottom, italic lines following indented as much as necessary to a good appearance. Do not use slugs to separate dash lines from signature or address lines where the dash will bear off one or more blank lines if solid. The fol- lowing examples cover the most common forms: the Clerk of the House of Kepresentatives on the 4th day of December, A. D. 1893. D D D Very respectfully, James Kerr, odd Cleric of the House of Eepresentatives.o a Hon. Charles F. Ceisp, D D u Speaker of the House of Representatives. DDDl am, very respectfully, yours, etc., John Eandolph,ddd Assistant Cleric Court of Claims, u 12 CAPITALIZATION. disposed of, both as a record of the fact and as a limitation of the authority conferred. DDD (Signed) John S. Henderson, ddd Jno. a. Caldwell, Committee on the part of the House of Representatives, a [Observe lead.] Wm. F. ViLAS, James McMillan, Committee on the part of the Senate.^ bia, on account of the sewer debt of the District of Columbia to the United States, DDD Very respectfully, A. C. Matthews, D D D Comptroller. By J. R. Garrison, Deputy Comptroller. U D John Jay, Washington, D. C. report, which has been received, and is herewith transmitted with my concurrence. DDD Respectfully, yours, J. G. Carlisle, Secretary. D Hon. George D, Wise, . DDL! Chairman Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, House of Representatives. Brig, Gen, Thomas L. Casey, D D Chief of Engineers, U. S. A., Washington, D. C. D Dear Sir : of Maryland, this 28th day of Maj', A, D. 1885, a[SEAL,] T, WaTKINS LiGON.D □ By the governor : DDD Nathaniel Cox, Secretary of State. the day and year first above written, J, M, Wilbur. . [seal,]C2 Bartlett, Robins & Co.D [seal.]d D In presence of — D c D A, T. Brown, A, B. W, Dew, □ D D I am, General, very respectfully, your most obedient servant, C. G. Sawtelle, DDD Colonel and Chief Quartermaster Military Division of the Gulf. '2 DMaj, Gen, M, C. Mkigs, DDD Quartermaster-General United States Army, Washington, D. C. n D Dl have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. P. Langley, Secretary. :2 Note. — In cases like the two preceding observe use of lead between text line and signature. CAPITALIZATION. 1^ 24. Titles preceding names will always be capitalized: Senior Warden Brown; Grand Master Williamson ; Master Workman Sovereign; Sergeant Murphy ; Private O'Donnell; Boatswain Given; Tinsmith Harris, etc. 25. Lower-case participles derived from proper names, such as anglicized, frenchi- fied, romanized, gallicized; also adjective or qualifying nouns indirectly derived from and compounded with proper names, as tropical, arctic, transatlantic, etc. 26. Geographic zones or sections of the world, when used as proper nouns, take the capital, as the Tropics, the Arctics, the Levant, the Orient. When used as adjectives, use lower case, as antarctic ice, tropical plants, oriental customs, levan- tine silk, morocco or russia leather, china or wedgwood pottery. Such words as India rubber, India ink, paris green, london purple, prussian blue, Venetian red, roman type, gothic letter (but Gothic architecture), that describe things and are also used as nouns, do not take the capital, although they are, or are derived from, proper names. 27. Capitalize titles clearly intended as synonyms of proper names. Examples : You will go, Major, to Xew York. I am anxious about our friend, the Captain. Mr. Speaker, I rise to a point of order. I am, General, yoar obedient servant. 28. Titles not clearly used as synonyms, or when used in a general way, will not be capitalized. Examples : He was taken before the .judge. The captain was breveted. 29. Where the word "o'clock" occurs in phrases or headlines involving the use of capitals, always set it '•o'clock;" never use the form o'clock, O'clock, or O'clock. 30. In caps-and-small-caps cross headings, or headings of any kind in which cap- itals are used, capitalize principal words. [Copy preparers will take full respon- sibility for uniformity in this matter and mark copy plainly.] 31. In tables of contents which are set in small caps capitalize only the first word and proper names. 32. Capitalize the titles of standing and select committees of the Senate and House of Rejwesentatives of the United States and the different forms of the same, both singular and plural, as Committee on Ways and Means ; Ways and Means Committees. The following list gives the official nomenclature of Congressional committees, with the proper capitalization : HOUSE. Committee on — Committee on — Elections. Private Land Claims. Ways and Means. the District of Columbia. Appropriations. the Kevision of the Laws. the Judiciary. Reform in the Civil Service. Banking and Currency. Election of President and Vice-President and Coinage, Weights, and Measures. Representatives in Congress. Interstate' ancl Foreign Commerce. Alcouolic Liquor Traflic. Rivers and Harbors. Irrigation of Arid Lands. Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Immigratiartment. Military Afi'airs. Expenditures in the Trca-sury Department. Naval Affairs. Expenditures in the War Department. the Post-Office and Post-Roads. Expenditures in tlie Navy Department. the Public Lands. Expenditures in the Post-OHice Dei>artment. Indian Affairs. Expenditures in the Interior Department. the Territories. Expenditures in the Department of Justice. Railways and Canals. Expenditures in the Department of Agricul- Manufactures. ture. lllnes and Mining. Expenditures on Public Buildings. Public Huildiiigs and Grounds. Rules. the Pacific Railroads. Accounts. Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi Mileage. River. the Liijrary (also Joint Committee on). Education. Printing (also Joint Committee on). Labor. Enrolled Bills (also Joint Committee on), the Militia. Joint Commission of Congress to Inquire into the Patents. Status of Laws Organizing the Executive De- Invalid Pensions. partments- Pensions. Joint Commission on Disposition of Useless Fa- Claims, pers in Executive Departments. War Claims. 14 CAPITALIZATION. SENATE. Committee — on Agriculture and Forestry. on Appropriations. 10 Audit and Control the Contingent Ex- penses of the Senate. on the Census. on Civil Service and Retrenchment. on Claims. on Coast Defenses. on Commerce. on the District of Columbia. on Education and Labor. on Engrossed Bills. on Enrolled Bills. on Epidemic Diseases. to Examine the Several Branches of the Civil Service. on Finance. on Fisheries. on Foreign Relations. '• on Immigration. on Improvement of the Mississippi River audits Tributaries. on Indian Affairs. on Indian Depredations. on Interstate Commerce. on Irrigation and Reclamation of Arid Lands. on the Judiciary. on the Library. on Manufactures. on Military Affairs. on Mines and Mining. on Naval Affairs. on Organization, Conduct, and Expenditures of the Executive Departments. on Pacific Railroads. on Patents. Committee — on Pensions. on Post-Offices and Post-Roads. on Printing. on Private Land Claims. on Privileges and Elections. on Public Buildings and Grounds. on Public Lands. on Railroads. on Relations with Canada. on the Revision of the Laws of the United States. on Revolutionary Claims. on Rules. on Territories. on Transportation Routes to the Seaboard. Select Committee — to Investigate the Condition of the Potomac River Front of Washington. to Inquire into all Claims of Citizens of the United States against the Government of Nicaragua. on "Woman Suffrage. on Additional Accommodations for the Li- brary of Congress. on the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians. on Transportation and Sale of Meat Prodi^cts. to Establish the University of the United States. on the Quadro-Centennial. to Investigate the Geological Survey. on National Banks. on Forest Reservations. on Corporations in the District of Columbia. to Investigate Trespassers upon Indian Lands . on Ford Theater Disaster. 33. Capitalize "county," "township," and "ward" (singular form only), when used with the proper name. 34. Capitalize "river," "bay," "cape," "harbor," "mount," "island," etc. (sin- gular form only), when used with the proper name. 35. Capitalize such words as "building," "asylum," "bridge," "bank," "school," "hospital," etc. (singular form only), when used with the proper name. 36. The following list will be found convenient as a guide to capitalization : Absentee Shawnees. Act, Thurman, Tucker, etc. Acting Secretary of the Senate. Acting Secretary of State, etc. Administration (National). Admiral. Admiralty (British). Agency, Chippewa, etc. Agricultural Report. Albany Penitentiary. Appendix IV. Appendix A. Appointment OflBce. Aqueduct, Washington, etc. Aqueduct Bridge. Army Gun Factory. Army: General of the Lieutenant-General of the Major-General Commanding the Adjutant-General ('s Office) . Inspector-General ('s Office). Judge- Advocate-General. Quartermaster-General ('s Office). Commissary-General of Subsistence. Surgeon-General ('s Office). Paymaster-General ('s Office). Chief of Engineers. Chief Signal Officer. Chief of Ordnance. Regular Army. Volunteer Army. Army Medical Museum. army officer, nurse, wagon, etc. Architect of the Capitol. Architect of the Treasury Department. Armory (Springfield) . Arsenal, Rock Island, etc. Articles of War. article of war, sixty-second Artillery Scliool (United States). assembly, Pennsylvania Assistant Attorney-General (United States) . Assistant Commissioner of the General Land Office. Assistant Commissioner of Patents. Assistant Postmaster-General, First, Second, etc. Assistant Secretary of the Interior, etc. Associated Press. Atlantic Slope, Coast, and Seaboard (section of country). Attorney-General. Auditor, First, Second, etc. Auditor of Railroad Accounts. Band, Eastern, etc., of Cherokees. Bank, Central, etc. Bay, Chesapeake, etc. Bethlehem Iron Works. Bible or Scriptures. Black Friday. Board (when definite). Board of Engineers. Board of General Appraisers. Board of Ordnance and Fortification, board of public works (District of Columbia). Board of Underwriters (New York) . Board of Managers of the Soldiers' Home. Board of Trade of Philadelphia, etc. Board on Geographic Names. Book of Estimates. Botanist, the (Agr. Dept.) Botanic Garden. CAPITALIZATION. 15 Bowman Act. Building, Winder, etc. buildings, Winder and Logan building, Treasury, etc. Bureau (when definite). Bureau of Accounts (and all other bureaus of the Navy Department). Cabinet, the Calendar, the Calendar of Bills and Resolutions. Calendar, Private Capitol Grounds. Capitol, the Capitol police. Carnegie Steel Works. Cavalry and Infantry School (United States). Census Bulletin No. 420. Census, Tenth, Eleventh, etc. central Ohio. Chairman (Committee of the Whole). Chairman of the Light-House Board. Chamber (of House or Senate). Charles II of England. Chemist, the (Agr. Dept.) Cherokee Strip or Outlet. Chief of the Bureau of, etc. Chief Clerk, House or Senate. Chief Intelligence Officer. Chief of the Record and Pension Division. Chief Justice (of United States Supreme Court). Chief Magistrate. Christian. Christianity. Christendom. Christianize. Church, the Methodist, etc. (denomination) Church, .St. Aloysius, etc. (congregation) church, St. Paul s (building) Circle, Iowa, etc. (as a park) cisatlantic, etc. City of Mexico. Civil Service Commission (ers). Clerk of the House. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Code, the Mississippi College, Columbia, etc. Colonel Commandant (Marine Corps). Commissioner of Patents, etc. Conimis.sioniTs of District of Columbia. Coni])troller, First, Second, etc. Comptroller of the Currency, Conuxleratc States. Consular Bureau. Congressional. Congressional Directory. Congressional Library. Constitution (United States). Continent, the (P^urope) Contract Office. Corps of Engineers. Corps of Jadge- Advocates. Council, Choctaw County, (Marion, etc. Court of Claims. Court of Private Land Claims. Court of St. James, court of appeals. Court of Conmiissioners of Alabama Claims. Crown (referring to Government). Dalles, The Dam No. 4. Day, Thanksgiving, Independence, Memorial, etc. Dead-Letter Office. Delegate (in Congress). Democrat. Department of Jnatice. Deputy Second Auditor, etc. Diplomatic Bureau. Director of the Geological Survey, etc. district : First assembly Fifth Congressional Third liglithouse District of Columbia Jail. Dome (of Capitol). Dominion of Canada. Du Pont Powder Works. Eastern States, the Eastern Continent. Eastern Hemisphere. ea.stem New York, etc. Electoral Commission. Engine No. 6. Engineer in Chief. Engineer Corps. Engineer Department. Entomologist, the (Agr. Dept.) Evangelical Alliance. Executive, the Executive order. Executive Departments. executive department (one of the three coordi- nate department!* of the Government). Executive Document No. 95. Federal Government. Fish Commission (er). Forty- seventh Congress. Fourth of July. Freedman's Savings Bank. General Government. Gentile. General Assembly (Presbyterian Church). General Superintendent of Life-Saving Service. Geological Survey, gospel, governor. Government : Imperial Koyal Federal General National British, etc. Government of Great Britain. Government Hospital for the Insane. Governor-General (of Canada). Grand Army post. (But Post No. 63, etc.) Great Lakes. Gulf Coast (section of country), Gulf, the (Gulf of Mexico) Hague. The Hall (of the House). Hall, Statuary (of Capitol) Harbor, Boston, etc. Headquarters of the Army. Health Bureau. Her Majesty the Queen. His Excellency the President. His Excellency Li Hung Chang, his excellenej the governor. His Royal Highness tlie Prince of Wales. Home and Brancli (singular or plnral, referring to Soldiers' Home). Hospital. Providence, etc. Hotel, Metropolitan, etc. House Calendar. House Executive Document No. 12. House, Ebbitt, etc. Howard University. Hydrograj)liic Office, imperial edict, inuia rubber. Isthmus, the (of Panama) Journal Clerk. Journal of the Honse (or Senate). Lafayette, General la Fayette, Marquis de Lafayette County. Lakes Erie and Huron, legislature, Connecticut, etc. Lake Michigan. Librarian of Congress. Library of Congress. Life-Saving Service. Light-House Board, light-house district. Fourth, etc. Line, Cunard, etc. london purple. Long Bridge, lower House of Congress. Lower Mississippi. Mall, the Marine Corps. Marine-Hospital Service. Medical Corps. Medical Department (Army or Kayy). 16 CAPITALIZATION. Members and Delegates. Merino (sheep). merino (goods, wool, etc.). Metropolitan police. Microscopist, the (Agr. Dept.) middle Tennessee. Military Academy (United States). Mikado. Miscellaneous Document No. 2. Mississippi Delta. Mississippi Kiver : Pass Passes Head of Passes Money-Order Office (of P. O. Dept.). Monument Lot. Mormon. Nation, Choctaw, etc. National Board of Health. National Cemetery, Arlington, etc. national cemetery at Arlington. "^ National Guard. National Legislature. National Government. National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers. National Medical Museum. National Park, Yellowstone, etc. national park in California. Naval Academy. Naval Asylum." Naval Militia (the entire body) . Naval Observatory. Naval Reserves. Navy, the Navy -Yard, New York, etc. Netherlands, the New World. New York City. North, the North Pole, northern Illinois. Northwest, the Office of Experiment Stations. Office of Steamboat Inspection. Old World. One hundred and twenty-flfth street. Order of Business No. 56. Ordnance Department. Pacific coast (the sea line). Pacific Slope, Coast, and Seaboard (section of country), paris green. Parish, Caddo Park, Jackson, etc. Pay Corps. Pay Department. Penitentiary, Albany, etc. Pension Bureau. Pension Office. People's Party, plaster of paris. Populist. Postal Union. Postmaster-General. Post- Office appropriation bill. Presidential. Prince of Monaco. Prussian blue. Public Land Strip. Public Printer. Quartermaster's Department. Railway Mail Service. Record and Pension Office (or Division). Reform School of District of Columbia. Reform School, Girls' Reformatory, Elmira, etc. Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. Register of the Treasury. Regular Army. Regular Navy. Reporter of the Senate. Republican. Reservation, Sioux, etc. Revenue-Cutter Service. Revenue-Marine Service. Revolutionary war. Revised Statutes. River, Ohio, etc. Rotunda (of Capitol). royal command. Rule XXI. Rules and Articles of War. Schedule B. schedule 6. School, Peabody, etc. schools, Peabody and Brent Scriptures (the Bible). Secretary of State, etc. (United States). Senate (jhamber. Sergeant-at-Arms. Signal Corps. Signal Office. Signal Service. Six Companies (Chinese). Smithsonian Institution. Solicitor-General. Solicitor of Internal Revenue. Solicitor of the Treasury. Solicitor for the Department of State. Sound, the (referring to Long Island or Puget Sound) South, the Southern States, the southern Illinois. Southwest, the Square, Madison, etc. (as a park) square, Lafayette, etc. (as a street) star route. Stars and Stripes. ' Statistician, the (Agr. Dept.) Statistical Abstra(!t. Statutes at Large. Straits of Magellan, etc. Streets, etc. : New York avenue. First street (northeast, etc.). Jackson alley. Phillips court. Mount Vernon place (as a street). Iowa circle (as a street) . Pudding lane. Bennings road. Lafayette square (as a street). Subsistence Department. Superintendent of the Census. Superintendent of Coast and Geodetic Survey, Superintendent of Foreign Mails. Superintendent of Immigration. Superintendent of the Money-Order System. Superintendent of the Nautical Almanac. Superintendent of the Naval Observatory. Supervising Architect's Office. Supervising Architect of the Treasury. Supervising Inspector-General of Steam Vessels. Supervising Surgeon - General United States Marine-Hospitar Service. Supplement to Revised Statutes. Supreme Bench. Supreme Court (United States), supreme court (District of Columbia or of a State) . surveyor-general. Survey, Geological, etc. Territorial assembly. Territorial legislature, transmississippi. transatlantic. Treasurer of the United States. 'Treasury building. Treasury Cattle (Jommission. Treasury (National). United Press. Upper Mississippi - Valley, Mississippi, etc. Vice-President (of United States). Vice- Admiral, war, Mexican war of the rebellion. Washington Aqueduct. Washington's Headquarters. Western Continent. Western Hemisphere. White Lot. COMPOUNDING. 17 COMPOUNDI^NG. 1. In compounding words the International Dictiou;ir\' will be followed, with but few exceptions. 2. The following words are so common in the work of this office that the usage of many years will be continued : post-office court-house custom-house light-house navy-yartl atto'ruey-general, etc. consul-general vice-consul lieutenant-general, etc. ser gcau t -m a j or qiiarteriua-ster-sergeant, etc. color-corporal lieutenant-commaiider rear admiral flag-officer .juttge-advocate-general provost-marshal provost-uiarshal-genend 3. Make one word of horsepower, candlepower, and hundredweight, and use adjec- tively as laid down in the succeeding paragraph. 4. Comjiound adjectives take the hyphen : A 2-foot rule, lO-horsepower engine, 16-candlepower light, 6-hundredweight load, many colored coat, light-armed soldier, asked-for opinion, fine-grained woost-mortem foot-pound (]dural foot-jmunds) foot-poundal(pluraUVK)t-poundal8) foot-second (plunil foot seconds) secoml-foot (plural second-feet) foot-ton (plural foot-tons) {lound-degree (plural pound-degrees) 6. Follow componnding, etc., in the appended list of fishes and fishery appliances: ale wife amber-fish angel-fish bag seine bass net bellows-tisli black bass black-cod blackflsh black perch blue crab blneflsh boat fishermen boat-steerer bomb-gun bottom-feeding fish bowhead whale boxfish brook trout bufialo-flsh bullhead bull's-eye mackerel buoy line butter-fish candle-fish catboat catfish (•igar-flsh coast line codfish codfish fishery cod fishery cod fishing cod Hue crampfish crawfish crayfish crayfish pot cultus-cod cutting-in (of a whale) dateflsh dealflsh devil-fish dingey doctor-fish dogfish dollar-fish drag net drap seine drift net drumfish 8892— s— fat-head fiddler-crab finback whale fish -culture fish eggs fisliing-canip fishing-ground fishing-place fish roe fish-wheel flake-yard flatfish flying-fish food-fish frost fish garfish gill net gill-net fishing goldfish goosefish green crab greenfish ground line ha^'fish hair stMil hanil lance harbor porjioi.se harpoon gun hermit-crab hickory -jack hogfisli hoop net horsefish horse-mackerel horseshoe-crab houndfish humpback whale jackhsh Jelly-fish jewlish Jonah-crab kelp-crab kelpfish kiugrtsh lady-crab lady -fish Ian i- crab landlockearers will give instructions when change is desired] ; scabbard will not be allowed; all box heads solid. Reference marks. — Set oft" all reference marks a .5-em space when preceding words or tigiires. Use sui)erior figures (', -, ', etc.) for reference marks and footnotes in all coses, unless otherwise instructed. In a series of short footnotes range the reference marks, and also Mie first letter of the note. Words in figure columns. — Kange all words occurring in figure colnmnis one en from rule on riglit; also capitalize and use full point. Indention from rules. — An indention from a rule means so many ems in addition to the en (juad used for bearing oft". Word "niz/nfeer. "^Spell the word "number," referring to quantity or things, in box heads where possible. Where necessary to abbreviate or where used in connection with serial figures, use " No." Flush and sub heads. — Use colons after Hush heads and em dash<>s after heads sub- ordinate thereto. Units of quantity. — I'liits of ([uantity to the right of reading columns and over figure colunnis will be spelled where possible. Where the space available demands a con- traction, use the following forms: Dolls., galls., lbs., oz., bbls., cwt., yds., ft., in. (inches), doz., bush., M, 8(|. feet, M feet, cub. feet, kilo., kilos. Observe style of the following table : Between Chicago, I 111., and— Between St. Lonis, Mo., and — Artjclea. i Jackson- 1 ^j^va ' Jackson- Athens, ville.Fta.|^J^:;vflle.Fl.. Agricultural inii>lenifciitH: C. L. (weiglit 20,000 pounils) .. .per 100 Ib.s. . C.L. (weight 20,000 ]iuuud8), i-eieased, i>er 100 pounds Apples, onions, potittoe.s, cabbage, beets, and tur- nips, straigiit antl mixed, C. L per 100 lbs.. Beans and pease, in barrels or saeks do. . . . Butter : Dairy— In wood do In woo«l, released do Flonr : In barrels per barrel . . In sacks per 100 pounds. . Grain, in bulk, C. L do Hominy and grite per barrel. . $0.87 .58 1.35 1.00 .44 .2*! .27 .54 »0.85 .58 1.47 1.06 .74 .41 .37 .73 6a. $0.84 1.23 .95 .48 .23 .22 .5tf $0.82 1.25 1.01 .68 .38 .32 .6i Atlanta, C.a. $0.82 .56 .41 1.35 1.01 .62 .35 .29 .58 Leader work. — Leader work is not classified as tabular work. Continued heads. — Continued heads over tables must be condensed into one line where possible. 22 FOLLOW FOL. LIT. COURT WORK. FOLLOW— FOL. LIT. L Copy marked "fol." means to follow figures, italics, abbreviations, idiomatic words and expressions, and &c. or etc., but not capitalization or punctuation. The exceptions are : (1) Always spell out the & except in firm names ; (2) always spell out the %■ mark; (3) always use "at" or "to," as the case may be, instead of the commercial ®. All orthography in " fol." matter is good that has the sanction of any dictionary. 2. Copy marked "fol. lit." means follow everything — caps, punctuation, and contractions. COURT WORK. COURT OF CLAIMS OPINIONS, BKIEFS, AND DECISIONS. 1. In the case of The United States v. Union Pacific Itailroad Company (99 U. S., 22), the court 2. In the case of United States v. The Union Pacific Eailroad Company (99 U. S., 33), the court 3. {The United States v. Union Pacific K. It. Co.) 4. ( United States v. The Union Pacific II. li. Co.) 5. In Taylor's Case (16 C. Cls. R., 14) the claimant. {Taylor's Case, 16 C. Cls. R,, 14.) 6. In Taylor v. Smith the court held 7. Edwards's Lessee v. Darby (12 Wheat., 210) 8. Legal-Tender Case (110 U. S., 334) 9. {Ex parte Robinson, 19 Wall., 304) 10. In Taylor's Case the court say; iu the case of Taylor there was 11. In the case of Payne (7 U. S., 252) 12. By the Act of March 3, 18S1, chapter 34, section 4 (Rev. Stat., $ 33). 13. Boivman Act (22 Stat. L., ch. 4, § 9, p. 284) ; the Bowman Act was referred to. 14. Act 5th August, 1882 (Supp. Rev. Stat., 284; Stat. L., 84). 15. In the petition (Rec, p. 7) there is 16. In the record (p. 7; Test., p. 7; Ev., p. 7; Rec, p. 9; q. 7; c. q. 7; int. 7; c. int. 7; qq.6-9; c.qq.7-9; ints. 9,10) 17. Finding VI — the sixth finding; section 6 — the sixth section. 18. Omit quotation marks for exhibits in all cases except "fol. lit." 19. " United States " to be used in the singular number where practicable. 20. In Court of Claims records, when questions are numbered, let the number precede the question : 23. Question. 21. Spell out "Question " and "Answer" and make separate paragraphs. 22. When the title of the case is braced to the left, the rule is to have the braced portion occupy two-thirds of the line; but this may be varied to avoid bad divi- sions or when there is but little matter inside the brace. 23. Make sentences of citations, excepting (p. 84) or (pp. 90-95). (See also "Follow — fol. lit.") SUPREME COURT RECORDS. 24- X Int. LXQ. 5. Re X Q. ^ Int. 1. X Ques. 1. 24th. Cross-ques. X.-**- 1. Add. Direct. 46th. Cross-int. 24. X. z. R. D. Q. 46. Cross int. 24- Q- a. Re D. Q. 46. Cross-ques. 24. Question. 4. R. X Q. 46. C. I-ut. X Q. 1. Re X Q. 1. 46th. C. Int. 24. Int. R. X Int. 1. Answer to Cross-int. 1. 1. Follow copy literally, except italics (which stand for errors only), capitalization, and punctuation. GENERAL TESTIMONY USE OF ITALIC. 23 2. Use italic letters to indicate errors of orthography and apostrophes to indicate errors of omission. In case of a doublet, italicize the repeated portion. Use no dashes, but indicate blanks with quads. 3. Make i>aragraphs of answers in Q. and A. matter. 4. Use apostrophes in unusual abbreviations, such as Feb'y, c't, etc. ; but in well- established abbreviations use the period, as Mr., deft., plif. 5. Many words, although not spelled according to AYebster, if sanctioned by other authorities, should be set without italic letters. 6. Italics should not be used to indicate errors of syntax, or errors of orthography, in foreign languages, except in law terms, as liari fecias; nor should italics be used in A^ariations of orthograjthy of proper names of persons or places. 7. Where the name of a corporation occurs beginning with the word "the," use a cap. T, thus: the said The B. & O. R. R. Co. ; The Sun v. The Globe; The City of Washington v. The B. &. O. R. R. Co. ; the defendant The Davies County Bank. 8. Errors in italics will always be indicated by roman letters, thus : fiere feciaa, conplaineants. 9. Names of vessels will be set in roman, quoted. 10. Do not change the spelling of proper names, nor use italics to indicate errors therein. _ (See also "Follow — fol. lit.") GENERAL TESTIMONY. 1. Contract the first Q. and A., as well as the following ones. 2. Make one paragraph of question and answer, counecting the question and its answer by an em dash. 3. Where tlie answer is not introduced by the iisual "A.," "Ans.," or "Answer," or where the name or title of a participaut is used, make a new paragraph. 4. The following examples illustrate the use of brackets, colons, and parentheses : The Chaibmax (to Mr. Smith). Mr. Kellky (to the chairmau). The Witness. He did it that way [indicating]. Q. (By Mr. Smith.) Do you know these men [handing witness a list] 1 (Objected to.) A. (After examining list.) Yes; I do. Q. (Continuing.) — A. (Reads:) Question (continuing).— Answer (reads): A. (Interrupting.) Answer (interru"j)ting). (Counsel objects to its admission.) 5. Observe punctuation in the following paragraphs: The defendant, George Brown, stated to the cotirt, etc. [where there is only one defendant (or plaintiff) in the case]. The defendant George Brown stated to the court, etc. [where there are two or more defendants (or plaintiffs) in tbu case]. (See also "Follow — kol, lit." and paragraph 3 under "Miscellaneous.") USE OF ITALIC. * 1. Names of vessels and generic names should be set in italic, except in tabular matter, indexes, lists set in columns, and Supreme Court work. 2. The words "see," "see also," etc., in italic in indexes only. 3. Italic will not be followed in general work, either for foreign words or for emphasis, unless special instructions to that eftect are given. 4. When letters are used as references in explaining diagrams, figures, etc., use italic for lower-case references and roman for caps, not quoted: Cogwheel a; pin- ion B; angle ab; line CD; points a, b, c, d, e. (See also "Follow — fol. lit.") 24 MISCELLANEOUS. MISCELLANEOUS. 1. Use spaces in place of hjpliens in Indian names. 2. Treat all side and cut-in notes as paragraphs. 3. Observe the following examples of punctuation: George G. Greene, being sworu and examined, French spoliation case No. 325. on oatli deposes and says : flrst session Fifty-third Congress. Isaac Fuller, .sworn, and testified as follows: Jones & Co., Limited. r. L. Kodier, sworn and examined. Latitude, 40° 19' 12" north; longitude, 30° 8' 14" • Crecede. The "style" of a head or indorsement is governed by the "style" for the branch of Congress in which the bill is pending. Examples of a new bill in each House are given on the following page : 25 26 BILL STYLE. [Ca-jt.J -s 53d Congress, 3d Session. HEADING OF HOUSE BILL. ^ICast.]-. H. R. 9846. [English caps— cast.l IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. [Long primer type.] December 22,' 1894. Referred to the Committee on Claims and ordered to be printed. [English type.] Mr. Wilson, of West Virginia, (by request) introduced the following bill; , [Cast. ] , A BILL [English type.] For the relief of George Washington Watkins, of Martinsburg, West Virginia. [Slug.] Be it enacted, etc., That , [Cast.] , 5Hd Congress, Sd Session. HEADING OF SENATE BILLS. ^[Cast.]^ S. 4973. [English caps— cast.] IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES. [Long primer type.] January 4, 1895. Mr. VoORHEKS introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Pensions. , [Cast. ] , A BILL [English type.] Granting an increase of pension to the survivors of the Mexican War. [Slug.] Be it enacted, etc., That House. 53d Congress, \ -, „ qoar 3d Session. ] ^ ^ ^^^^ indorsements. Senate. 53d Congress, } „ aotq 3d Session. ^ °- ^^ "^• A BILL For the relief of George Washington Watkins, of Martinsburg, VV. Va. A BILL Granting an increase of pension to the sui-^dvors of the Mexican War. By Mr. Wilson, of West Virginia. December 22, 1894.— Referred to the Committee on Claims and or- dered to be printed. By Mr. Voorhees. 1895 — January 4. — Read twice and referred to the Committee on Pensions. BILL STYLE. 27 9. Ill indorsements on bills in the Senate use a 9-em dash under the bill number; on bills in the House a parallel dash. 10. The name of the introducer of a bill or resolution is carried under the title in the indorsement, in long primer caps aud small caps, between parallel rules, in both Houses, through each printing until bill or resolution passes one House. 11. When thetitle of a bliron the indorsement makes more than two lines, indent the runovers 1^ ems; center the title when it makes but one or two lines. On the face of the bill where a title makes more than one line, set the first line to full measure, centering the ru lover if there be two lines in the title; if more than two lines, indent the runovers 2 ems. 12. Titles for House hills are taken from the ixdoksement of copy; for Senate BILLS from the face of copy. 13. Preambles are set full measure, the first line of each "whereas" being flush and the runovers indented 2 ems. Where an agreement or treaty is part of a pre- amble, follow literally, indenting the paragraplis 4 ems and runovers 2 ems, full measure. 14. Titles and preambles following the hcaropriati«ms for the construction, repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other pur- poses." approved July 4, 1894. The committees were called for reports; When, Bills were reported, the reports theret)n orderemmittee on Enrolled Bills, reported that the committee had examined and found truly enrolled bills of the following titles; which were thereupon signed by the Speaker, to wit: H. R. 868. An act for the relief of John Smith ; 29 30 JOURNAL WORK. S. 1896. An act for the relief of Mrs. Lucinda Brown; and H. K. 3858. An act to pension John Jones. By Mr. Maguire : A resolution for the appointment of a special committee to inves- tigate Pacific railroads — to tlie Committee on Rules. By Mr. Holman : Whereas it appears by an act passed June i, 1894, the sum of $10,000 was ajipro- priated to enable the Secretary of War, etc. ; and Whereas it is alleged that trouble exists, etc. ; Resolved, That the Committee on Military Affairs be authorized to settle the diffi- culty — to the Committee on Military Affairs. The Committee on Indian Affairs was called ; When, On motion of Mr. Lynch, on behalf of said committee, the Honse resolved itself into Committee of the Whole House on tlie state of the Union for the consideration of the bill (H. R. 6557) providing for opening the Uintah Indian Reservation in Utah; and after some time spent therein, the Si)eaker resumed the chair, and Mr. Dockery reported that the committee having had under consideration the said bill (H. R. 6557) had come to no resolution thereon; When the morning hour expired. The question being on agreeing to the second resolution, to wit : Resolved, That John J. O'Neill was not legally elected and is not entitled to a seat in this House; And being put, Will the House agree thereto f (Yeas 23 It was decided in the negative, < Nays 160 ( Not voting 168 After further debate. The Speaker appointed Messrs. Bailey and Ray tellers. The question being put. Shall the bill be engrossed and read a third time ? The yeas and nays being desired by one-fifth of the members present, [One line only.] rYeas 123 Nays 55 There appeared, < Answering " present " 1 Not answering 172 [ Reported by tellers as present and not answering 4 The Speaker laid before the House the following joint resolution of the Senate: S. R. 91. A joint resolution providing for printing a digest of the laws relating to compensation of ofiicials in United States courts ; Which was referred to the Committee on Printing. Mr. Allen suggested that the House should take a recess, under Rule XXVI. And then, in pursuance of Rule XXVI, the House took a recess until 8 ]). m. A message from the President of the United States, by Mr. Pruden, one of his sec- retaries, announced that the President had approved and signed bills and a joint resolution of the following titles : On June 29, 1894 : H. R. 4701. An act to incorporate the Supreme Lodge of the Knights of Pythias; and H. R. 274. An act to authorize the city of Hyattsville, Md., to construct a wagon bridge. On July 6, 1894 : H. Res. 196. Joint resolution to provide temporarily for the expenditures of the Government. JOURNAL WORK. 31 The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses to the bill (H. R. 6518) making appropriations for rivers ami harbors dorecommend to their respective Houses as follows : That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 27, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows : Strike out all the matter preceding and insert on page 77, after line 7, the following as a new item : Baltimore Harbor, Maryland: To tviden the ship channel to one thousand feet, one thousand nine hundred and sixty-nine dollars and fifty-one cents. And the Senate agree to the same. That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 20, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows : Strike out " eight hundred dollars " and itsert in lieu thereof the following : three hundred and fifty dol- lars; and the Senate agree to the same. Amend section 2 to read as follows : Skc. 2. For an exhibit by the Government of tlie United States at the Cotton States Inter- national Exposition to be held at Atlanta, Georgia, in the year eighteen hundred and ninety- five, one hundred thousand dollars. And the House agree to the same. Leave of absence wiis granted to Mr. Cobb of Alabama and Mr. Black of Illinois, indefinitely: to Mr. Pigott, for two days; to Mr. Bartlett, nntil Saturday next ; and to Mr, Lacey, for four days. And then, On motion of Mr. Cummings, at 5 o'clock and 20 minutes p. m., the House adjourned. SENATE. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Towles, its chief clerk. Mr. President: The House of Representatives has disagreed to the ameudments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 6913) making appropriations for the cnrrent expenses of the Indian Department. It asks a conference with the Senate thereon, and has appointed Mr. Holman, Mr. Allen, and Mr. Wilson of Washington managers at the same on its part. ENROLLED BILLS SIGNRT). Mr. Caffery reported from the committee that they had examined and found duly enrolled the following bill : H. R. 2350. An act making appropriations for the Military Academy; Whereupon, The President pro tempore signed the same, and it was delivered to the com- mittee to be presented to the President of the United States. The Senate proceeded, by unanimous consent, to consider the said bill as in Comnuttee of the Whole; and no amendment being made, it was reported to the Senate. Ordered, That it pass to a third rciulini;. The said bill was read the third time. liesolved, That it pass, and that the title thereof be as aforesaid. The Senate proceeded to consider, as in Committee of the Whole, the bill (S. 1296) for the relief of Andrew Gray; and On motion by Mr. White, Ordered, That it be postponed indefinitely. Mr. Allison called for a division of the question; and On the question to recede from the amendment No. 87, viz: Insert as an additional paragraph the following: 109. Iron ore, forty cents per ton, It was determined in the negative, < -^^^^ ^ 32 JOURNAL WORK. On motiou by Mr. Hill, ^ The yeas and uays being desired by oue-lifth of the Senators present, [One line only.] Those who voted in the affirmative are, Messrs. Allen, Hill, Irby. Those who voted in the negative are, Messrs. Jones of Arkansas, Jones of Nevada, Mitchell of Wisconsin. [Note.— Observe tliat commas are left out after names when there are a number of them, like the above.] The qnestion being on tlie motion of Mr. Hill that the Senate recede from its amendment No. 87, Pending debate, Mr. Jones, of Arkansas, raised a question as to the presence of a quorum ; [Note.— Observe that comma is used when but a single name occurs.] Whereupon, The Presiding Officer (Mr. Mitchell, of Oregon, in the chair) directed the roll to be called ; When, Fifty-nine Senators answered to their names. A quorum being present, EXECUTIVE SESSION. On motiou of Mr. Jones, of Arkansas, The Senate proceeded to the consideration of executive business; and After the consideration of executive business the doors were reopened ; When, On motion of Mr. Gorman, at 3 o'clock and 40 minutes p. m.. The Senate adjourned. Suggestions for Compositors, Readers, and Revisers. HELP EACH OTHER. Workmen in every department should follow instructions in spirit as well as in letter. Unthinking performance— the listless doing of just what has been told and uo more— is not satisfactory. It is believed the good workman will take interest in his duties. He is expected at suitable times to help others in their work. The excuse that it is "none of my business," or that " it was the reader's . business," or that "it was the foreman's business" to give a word of warning or a helping hand to prevent delay, error, or other trouble is a poor one. It is tlie business of every man to do what he can to prevent error in any department, and as faulty work is usually done through inattention or unfamiliarity with the style, suggestions should be courteously otfered and received. TYPESETTING. For the successful maintenance of a high standarti of workmanship and for the correctness of the work done in the office, not a little depends upon the care, judgment, skill, and intelligence of the com- positors. Indifferent, careless men are not in demand in an office where important publications are constantly being prepared for press, and where the slightest neglect on the part of those handling the work may cause serious delay and confusion in some other division of the office. Recollect that one badly justified line may stop a press; a careless correction spoil the whole edition of a book. Study the rules. —CompoaiUtrn are expected to carefully study the rules governing composition. A failure to do this will show plainly in the proof. It must be remembered, however, that all work done in the office is not in accordance with the regular or office style. Special instructions will inva- riably accompany copy of this kind, and a compositor should ascertain when taking out copy whether it is to be set according to office style ; if it is not, he should read instructions carefully and confer fully with the foreman or man at the desk about doubtful questions. The kind of typo for the text (other than long primer) and the use of leads are indicate08itor should not go wrong on these matters, nor should bis type contain many errors, if he will apply himself, think, make certain of his instructions, and use care. Divisions.— ¥Tei\neint divisions of words are undesirable, but do not avoid them entirely at the expense of uniform spacing. Do not divide compound words except at the compounding hyphen in any bat extreme cases. Divisions at the ends of three adjacent lines will not be passed by readers except in extreme cases or in narrow measure. Divisions on syllables of two letters should be made but rarely. Spacing and justifying.— The spacing of matter must be governed by the leading. Solid matter should be spaced with 3-to-em spaces, and when about to divide a word prefer to take in. Leaded matter should also be spaced with 3-to-em spaces, but when about to divide a word prefer to drive over. In double-leaded matter en quads should be used and divisions driven over. Avoid, if possible, the very thin or very wide spacing of the first line of a paragraph. All lines of composition must be justified so tightly that they will stand unsupported in the stick. Observe in spacing the various formations of letters. There should be less space between final 'y" and initial "w," for instance, than between final "d" and initial "h;" less between final "o" and initial "c" than between final "f" and initial "b." When a little extra spacing is necessary, never place it between a comma and the first letter of succeeding word. The spacing between capital letters in headings should also be governed by letter formation. 8892— S 3 83 34 SUGGESTIONS FOR COMPOSITORS, ETC. Do not do all the spacing at either the right or left of the line, but distribute it in conformity with the foregoing suggestions. The appearance of a page aa a whole depends very much upon the care shown in spacing. Compositors should take every precaution to prevent the soiling of proof sheets, as it is necessary for the reviser to see clearly every mark on the margin of a proof after it has been corrected. Do not try to cover up or hide an accident. After a proof is read the first time, if a word or line is pied, or if a "dropout" occurs, or any accident happens to the type, it is the duty of the workman to call attention to it in writing on the latest proof sheet, whether it be a galley revise, page revise, stone revise, press revise, or foundry revise. If a proof sheet be not available or immediately at hand, put the types involved B'EET uppermost when returning them to the galley, page, or form. This direction is intended for all who handle type — laborers, compositors, makers-up, imposers, and electi-otypers — and will be insisted upon. Accidents will happen, and correctness can be assured only by faithfully following the instruction here given. READING. Readers are expected to be alert, clear-headed, diligent, and thoughtful. Proofs that are overinked, pale, smeared, or that have margins too narrow for proper marking, or for any reason are not good proofs, must be refused. When a proof is taken out, the reader should inform himself fully as to the character of the work, whether there are any special instructions or peculiarities concerning it, whether proof will be sent out or the work go directly to press, and get such other information as he may think will assist him ; and before beginning to read he should make sure that copj- agrees with proof and that the entire proof is legible. It is well to do preparatory work and take a general survey of a proof before beginning to read it. Tlie style in which correction marks are made on a proof is an element of considerable importance. Straggling, unsymmetrical characters, disconnected marks placed in the margins above or below the lines to which they relate, irregular lines leading from an incorrect letter or word to a correction, large marks, marks made with a blunt pencil, indistinct marks, a frequent use of the eraser to obliterate mai'ks hastily or incorrectly made, are all faults to be avoided. Corrections so made are not respected by the compositor, and he is frequently annoyed and delayed in deciphering what they mean and to what they refer. In reading proof of wide tables the reader should take advantage of white space as near as possible to the error and place the correction therein, thus aiding all who have occasion to handle the proof afterwards. The time to be spent in reading a proof should be governed, in a great measure, by its importance. While in certain classes of ordinary work the reader is not expected to detect more than the plainer errors and make his proof correct to copy, in work of value he should read critically and trj' to discover more serious blunders than spelling, capitalization, punctuation, etc. But speed should never be greater than is consistent with practical correctness. A single reading of figures, either in columns or lines, should be suflicient. The failure of first reader and copyholder to detect wrong figures is a serious fault; confidence in tliem is immediately strained, the second readers become suspicious of all proofs read by them and feel compelled to reread entire proof by copy, and many far-reaching annoyances are liable to follow. When a reader does not feel positive that figures are correct to copy, or if his sight becomes confused by a multiplicity of figures or from other cause, he should request that the proof be reread by copy by someone else. Physical weakness is not a fault; carelessness and iudifi'erence are always culpable. The substance of the preceding paragraph applies also to "fol. lit." matter, especially bills, laws, and court work. When an entire " take " or proof seems to have been set uniformly, a reader should never make important changes in indentions of tables or make like corrections which will cause a great deal of work without consulting the foreman, the copy preparer, or the man at the proof table. The reader should endeavor to verify, by the reference books in the office, all proper names, whether they are of people or places, or whatever they may be ; every date ; every quotation from standard works ; every foreign word or phrase, and the ordinary nomenclature of science. When this can not be done and he has a reasonable doubt, he should request the author to verify it. But when the reader does discover errors of this class or when he detects inconsistent and erroneous statements, obviously made by the writer through lapse of the memory or slip of the pen, it is his duty to correct. He does so at his peril, however. He must know, not suspect, that they are errors, and be prepared, if called upon, to vindicate the soundness of his correction by recognized authority. If he does not- know, he should query. When a reader is unable to decide positively as to the correctness of a date, phrase, name, quota- tion, etc., or if he does not feel at liberty to make the desired change because of instructions to "follow " or " follow literally," or because he is reading a bill or law, he should query. This should not always be done by a simple question mark (for that is sometimes so confusing to the author that he feels like raising a query of his own as to its meaning), but by writing the suggested amendment or explaining the reason for the query in full. SUGGESTIONS FOR COMPOSITORS, ETC. 35 In work of particular value— historic or scientific publications, books tbat may be used for refer- ence, etc. — the reader should be on the lookout for faulty construction of sentences, b.id metaphors, inconsistent statements, the misuse of words, and defects of similar character. These he should query. The proofs of this class of work always go out, and the author will probably welcome reasonable suggestions ; but the reader must not worry himself or the author about the ext reme niceties of grammar or suggest pedantic emendations. Discrimination should be made and the author's style not confounded with his lapses. Readers will carefully note the instructions to compositors as to spacing, division of words, etc., and never hesitate to mark when work is imperfect. Second readers are enjoined to keep in full sympathy with first readers and copy preparers. They must always consult with the latter before making important changes in proof, and they should feel free to respectfully call the attention of a first reader to errors in stj'le or blunders of any kind that may have been frefjuently overlooked by him. The marks of the copy preparer must be given consid- eration by all. He has probably handled the entire work and is in a position to know more about its peculiarities than the man who reads but a small portion. GALLEY-PROOF REVISING. The importance of revising proofs well can not be overestimated. While a reviser is not expected to read proof, it is not enough for him to slavishly follow the marks found on the proof sheet which has been to the composing room for correction. His aim should be to discover new errors, if possible, make the matter uniform in all essential points, and correct inconsistencies, due perhaps to a differ- ence of opinion among the readers. At the same time he should see that all corrections have been properly made in the type, that words or lines have not been transxwsed by the compositor in making the corrections, and that the rules governing spacing, division of words, and good printing generally have been observed. Compositors have no excuse for the neglect of even spacing, either when setting the type or when making corrections, and the reader or reviser who passes bad spacing will be held in fault. A reviser must not remodel thb punctuation of the readers or make any serious changes in the work unless the matter apparently needing correction is of unmistakable importance. If he thinks it neces- sary that an important change should be made, he shoald submit the change proposed to the foreman for bis decision. All queries made by readers must be carefully transferred to the proof to be sent oat, which should always be clean and well printed. Every paragraph containing an alteration in a proof that makes one or more overruns must be reread as first proof. It must be read aloud by copyholder, word for word, to the end of the paragrajih, or at least far enough to satisfy the reviser that the proper correction has been made and no now errors have slipped in while the lines were being handled. The practice of revising the alteration only and of rereading without copyholder has been the source of many errors, and will no longer be permitted. Bevising should be done with reasonable dispatch, but good work must not be sacrificed to haste. The "hurry " excuse for passing bad work will not be accepted, as assistance will be furnished when- ever necessary. PRESS REVISING. Press revising is a branch of proof-room work requiring special adaptability and great diligence and care. Not only must the reviser observe that the rules governing the work of those who precede him have been followed, but he must be on the alert for a multiplicity of points not coming within their sphere. Hence, a clear head, quick eye, knowledge of the style, acquaintance with the make-up of various publications, a high sense of order, an ability for detail, and mind and nerves not easUy disturbed are prerequisites to success in the work. A few general rules only can be given to guide the press reviser. He handles a variety of work and must decide each point as it presents itself. He is cautioneil never to allow his work to get behind (calling for assistance when rushed), but not to make a sacrifice of correctness for the sake of speed. The following rules should be carefully studied : 1. See that galley slips connect before beginning the page or press revise. 2. See that page folios are continuous, that running heads are correct and uniform, and that the proper signature is correctly placed. 3. See that the scries of proof sheets is clean and clear; send for another proof in case they are not. 4. Kevise carefully, observing connections between pages, carrying all unanswered queries, and taking care that continued and repeated lines are free from errors. 5. If a revise is badly corrected or is from any cause not reasonably free from error, call for another correction and proof (stating number wanted), and destroy all duplicates. 6. fie on the lookout for "dropouts," doublets, and transpositions, applying the rules laid down for first revisers. 36 SUGGESTIONS FOR COMPOSITORS, ETC. 7. Kead by copy all running Iieads, and box heads in continuous tables ; see that all leading lines, are carried at the top where subordinate matter turns over; that dollar marks a,nd italic captions of columns are properly placed and uniform ; that the matter is as compact as circumstances will permit, and that footnotes fall on the page containing the corresponding reference, and are symmetrically arranged. 8. Preserve complete files of all proofs returned to the desk in the ordinary course of business, espe- cially of the final proofs from which a work is sent to the press or foundry. 9. On first page of a signature of a stone or press revise carry the number of copies and kind of paper, with any special directions that may be necessary; and see that the form is properly imposed. 10. Be particular in making the "mark-off" on a galley slip when the first page xiroofs are sent out, cutting the proof sheet and noting upon it the connecting galley slug, the folio of the succeeding page, and the proper signature of the same. Ketain the "mark-off" and deliver the galley slips with the clean proof to the proof clerk. 11. Always make sure that dift'erent sets of proof sheets on any work are correctly marked in heries, as "E," "2d E," "3d R," etc., and when a sheet is stamped "another proof" carry the same des- ignating "R" on the corresponding clean one, and destroy the stamped proof when it has served its purpose. 12. In Court of Claims and Supreme Court records the index must be filled in by the press reviser, the first signature being retained for that purpose. 13. "When two or more jobs are imposed in one form, the reviser should separate the parts to verify the imposition. Until familiar with the "fold," however, caution must be exercised in cutting the sheet. 14. Press, stone, and foundry revises are equally important. In the latter especial care must be taken that rules do not lap, that work is not jammed in the "lockup," that damaged letters and "slips" are indicated, and that the matter is ready in all respects to pass severe criticism. 15. Government publications are usually made up in the following order: Pagel. Title. Page 2. Blank. Page 3. Table of contents. If ending on an odd-numbered page, then — Page 4. Blank. Page 5. Letter of transmittal. ^ Page 6. Blank. Page 7. Text proper. In the body of the work new pages will be properly indicated on the proof sheet. Tables of con- tents, letters of transmittal, lists of illustrations, the text proper of a book, and all matter following half titles (except parallel tables) should begin on a new odd page. SIGNATURES. 16. All signatures are designated by consecutive numbers — 2, 3, 4, etc. — from the first to the last. The distinguishing feature is usually the j.acket number, preceding the signature number and connected with it by a 2-em dash. For some works contractions of the title are used, especially in annual or other periodical reports, forms for which can be had upon reference to the last one issued . House and Senate documents take tlie following signature forms: H. Ex. 123 7 S. Rep. 13 9 H. Rep. 247 3 S. Ex. 27 3 H. Mis. 17 2 S. Mis. 123 2 H. Ex. 13— pt 2 5 S. Mis. 42— pt 3 9 Signatures are usually worked in sixteens, but with large pages the form of eights is the standard when printed from type. BILL REVISING. 17. In sending bills to press there are points to be watched which do not appear in other work. The open character of the pages makes the form peculiarly liable to accident, and each page must be closely scanned for faults. A press reviser must be fully conversant with all the details and peculiar- ities of bill work and be ready to correct or take counsel upon any seeming error of style or appar- ent fault. He must see that the indorsements on bills fall on "even " pages and that they back up properly and have the proper make-up; also compare the number of the bill on the indorsement with that on the face, as a safeguard against error. When any change has been made in the side folios, he must run the same to the end of the series and answer for their correctness. He must see that the proper number of copies is written on each signature page, according to the schedule or memorandum furnished him. In short, the reviser is an umpire on bill work whose alertness is his qualification for the work. He is not expected to read the proof, but he must train his eye to detect errors at a glance. SUGGESTIONS FOR COMPOSITORS, ETC. 37 18. Bills are worked in forms of eights. The signatures are made up like the following : Senate bills : S. 2433 2 Senate resolutions : S. R. 196 2 Senate Mis. Docs. : S. Mis. 24 2 Senate amendments to House bills : A.H.R.4864 2 House bills : H. R. 2142 3 House resolutions : H. Res. 194 3 19. When a bill is reprinted on account of some error or change, an asterisk is used at the foot of the first page. When more than one signature is reprinted, the asterisk follows the signature number. 20. Committee bills are always confidential. If of more than eight pages the distinguishing signature must be invente © A o m ® A % % % % ^ 9 9 * 39 40 APPENDIX. GREEK ALPHABET. \ LOWER CAPS. CASE. GREEK SOUND. ENGLISH SOUND. A a Al})lia. A. B fi6 Beta. B. r y Gamma. G. A d Delta. D. E £€ Epsilon. E short. Z ^^l Zeta. Z. H V Eta. E loiig. dS Tbeta Th. I I Iota. I. K Kk Kappa. K. A A Lambda. L. M /' Mu. M. N V Nu. N. p^ Xi. X. o Omicrou. O short. 77 7T u Pi. P. P P Rlio. R. 2 O ? Sigma. S. T r Tail. T. T V Upsilon. U. Q 9 Plii. F. X X Chi. Ch. XTf Slj: Psi. Ps. n OD Omega. O long. GREEK CASE. \:s p n M N e A B r A E Z H T ft c K I Y 8 € I 6 5 ^ ? r 6 f A M ^ Tt