LP 
 
 3877 
 7 
 
 1873 
 
 SKc-NRLF 
 
 *B 7M fl<^ 
 
 O 
 
THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 PRESENTED BY 
 
 PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND 
 
 MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2007 with funding from 
 
 Microsoft Corporation 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/addressatdedicatOOIafarich 
 
? 
 
 AN ADDRESS 
 
 AT THE 
 
 Dedication of Pardee Hall, 
 
 LAFAYETTE COLLEGE, 
 
 OCTOBER 21, 1873, 
 
 BY 
 
 ROSSITER W. RAYMOND, Ph. D, 
 
 Lecturer upon Mining Engineering in Lafayette College, President of the 
 
 American Institute of Mining Engineers and United States 
 
 Commissioner of Mining Statistics. 
 
 WITH AN APPENDIX 
 
 CONTAINING A REPORT OF OTHER ADDRESSES AND THE GENERAL 
 PROCEEDINGS OF THE DAY. 
 
 PRINTED BY ORDER OE THE BOARD. 
 
 EAST ON, PA 
 
 i373- 
 

-I 
 
o 
 
 £ .0, 
 
 t, 
 
 J L 
 
 Brl I 1 
 
 n 
 
 rpmt^^ali 
 
 -! 
 
 / m 
 
 
h4 
 
 < 
 X 
 
 w 
 w 
 
 Q 
 
 < 
 
 
AN ADDRESS 
 
 AT THE 
 
 Dedication of Pardee Hall, 
 
 ^AFAYETTE COLLEGE, 
 
 OCTOBER 21, 1873, 
 
 BY 
 
 ROSSITER W. RAYMOND, Ph. D., 
 
 Lecturer upon Mining Engineering in Lafayette College, President of the 
 
 American Institute of Mining Engineers and United States 
 
 Commissioner of Mining Statistics. 
 
 WITH AN APPENDIX 
 
 CONTAINING A REPORT OF OTHER ADDRESSES AND THE GENERAL 
 PROCEEDINGS OF THE DAY. 
 
 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE BOARD. 
 
 EASTON, PA. 
 
 1873- 
 
f 
 
LID 23 77 
 •7 
 1^7-3 
 
 ADDRESS 
 
 OF 
 
 R. W. RAYMOND, Ph. D., 
 
 LECTURER ON MINING ENGINEERING IN LAFAYETTE COLLEGE, 
 PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF MINING 
 ENGINEERS AND UNITED STATES COMMIS- 
 SIONER OF MINING STATISTICS. 
 
 Mr. President, Brethren of the Faculty of Lafayette College, 
 Ladies and Gentlemen : The precise position of the orator on 
 this occasion is not perfectly clear. We are gathered in this 
 edifice, beautiful with all the adornments of art and with the 
 higher beauty of adaptation to the ends for which it is con- 
 structed — a palace, the possession of which might make any 
 man proud and which will presently be transferred, we all being 
 witnesses, to the formal charge of those intrusted with its 
 administration in the interest of the great cause that inspired 
 its erection. Until that transfer shall have been made, I sup- 
 pose we are in some sense the guests of Mr. Ario Pardee, and 
 perhaps it is a part of my duty to speak for him in bidding 
 you welcome on this occasion. But this were unnecessary. 
 The jubilant city below you, these open doors before you, the 
 cordial faces around you, and, most of all, the presence of the 
 generous host himself, have long since bid you heartily wel- 
 come. Between him and you no mere interpreter is called 
 to stand. How can words speak for him whose deeds are the 
 best eloquence of this hour? Nor is it necessary that I should 
 speak for you, yet I cannot but attempt a feeble expression of 
 the sentiment which I know is uppermost in all your minds. 
 When a multitude is filled with one common feeling, the single 
 voice that utters but an echo of it is not unworthy to be heard. 
 
 M367558 
 
4 PROFESSOR RAYMOND S ADDRESS. 
 
 And when that feeling is the spontaneous admiration of a gen- 
 erous act, the listener may discern in the tones of the humblest 
 speaker, not vox et preterea nihil, but vox popidi and vox Dei, 
 the applause of mankind and the approbation of Heaven. Ser- 
 vile flattery would be out of place at this time, but to be silent 
 for fear of offending the modesty of Mr. Pardee would be to 
 surrender the right and betray the duty of praising " a good 
 deed in a naughty world." The unselfish liberality of his 
 endowments of education here deserves our hearty recognition. 
 Yet I more admire their wisdom. None but the unselfish can 
 be really wise in benefaction. It would have been easy, with 
 the money that has been concentrated here, to win the reputa- 
 tion of munificence throughout the land. Innumerable sub- 
 scription lists might have been enriched, countless paragraphs 
 in the newspapers might have sounded the name of the profes- 
 sional philanthropist, whose purse was never closed. I would 
 not disparage any form of generosity, but I do not hesitate to 
 say that the highest use to which wealth can be put is not found 
 in indolent yielding to the calls of charity. The steward of 
 worldly property is bound to administer it with forethought and 
 wisdom, to study earnestly the objects to be gained, and to seek 
 the best means in his charity as in his business. On behalf of 
 the Christian citizens of the United States — a nation whose 
 national virtue, and vice, is giving — I wish to thank Mr. Pardee 
 for a new example of giving wisely — giving thought as well as 
 money. As the poet says, " he gives himself with his gift." 
 
 Americans are sometimes accused by foreign critics of an 
 excessive love of making money. There is truth in the state- 
 ment, but not in the blame conveyed. In the first place our 
 people work harder, because their wants are more numerous 
 than those of other nations. They read more books, they buy 
 more pianos, they travel more, they try more earnestly (if not 
 always with the best success) to satisfy the sense of beauty in 
 the household, and all these things cost money. But when the 
 limit has been reached at which all desired facilities and com- 
 forts of life can be secured, our people still continue to work 
 and to make money. Yet they do not accumulate like misers ; 
 they rejoice in activity, they do not gloat over gold. It is not 
 avarice, but the joy of conscious power that moves them. 
 
DEDICATION OF PARDEE HALL. 5 
 
 Nothing, indeed, is sadder than the sight of such activity, 
 pivoted wholly upon selfishness, outraging the feelings of the 
 good or the rights of the weak. But nothing is more beautiful 
 than the spectacle of wealth wielded with the strong hand and 
 generous heart, of skill and sagacity brought to bear upon the 
 question, how to benefit society. Such wealth breeds no danger 
 to the community, and ought never to rouse the faintest sigh of 
 envy. Every poor man in Pennsylvania has reason to be glad 
 and give thanks to-day that Ario Pardee is rich. 
 
 I said that I would not speak for him, but in that which I am 
 now about to say I am sure he would wish to join. Our tribute 
 to Mr. Pardee himself would be incomplete if it did not make 
 mention of one whom he has so highly esteemed and trusted 
 and whom we all admire and love — the man to whom Lafayette 
 College owes it to-day that she is able and worthy to accept this 
 new and magnificent trust — I mean her honored president. 
 Those who remember the condition of the college less than a 
 decade ago and who look upon its condition and prospects now 
 are able to measure, perhaps, the wonderful work that he has 
 done ; but who can measure the energy, the tact, the single- 
 minded devotion,' that went to the doing of it ? The successive 
 endowments, amounting now to nearly a million dollars, which 
 have poured in during that period, have been so many testimo- 
 nies of faith in the man at the helm of the enterprise. But all 
 these tokens of outward success would be vain without the wit- 
 ness of the interior prosperity of the college itself;, its harmo- 
 nious activity ; its high standard of scholarship ; its steady and 
 conservative progress ; its cordial recognition of the demands 
 of the age, and its firm retention of that which was best in the 
 ancient curriculum and discipline. I believe that I speak the 
 unanimous feeling of the faculty of the scientific department 
 when I say that we regard President Cattell as a wise and pru- 
 dent director, a sympathetic and judicious critic, a dear friend 
 and the centre and power of our department, as of every other 
 in the college. 
 
 As I look upon this scene, so significant of the new era in 
 human thought and labor upon which we are entering, my mind 
 turns to another scene gazed upon not long ago and never to 
 be forgotten. Perhaps the subject which has filled the minds 
 
O PROFESSOR RAYMOND'S ADDRESS. 
 
 of the largest number of civilized men, for the longest time, 
 during the year which is now drawing to a close is the Exposi- 
 tion at Vienna. Nothing could well be more unjustifiable than 
 the statement that has been made in certain quarters that this 
 Exposition was a failure. There are but two circumstances 
 which could serve, even indirectly, as a basis for such an opinion. 
 The first is the circumstance that the management of this Ex- 
 position on the part of the commission representing the Austrian 
 government has incurred for that government the loss of many 
 millions by the magnificence and costliness of its appointments. 
 It is said that, apart from the original outlay involved, the daily 
 expenses of the Exposition have been greater than its current 
 receipts. But this, however it may be regarded from the stand- 
 point of the party called upon to pay the bills, is certainly no 
 case for complaint from the lips of those who, as visitors, have 
 enjoyed for so much less than their due proportion of its cost 
 the benefits of this extraordinary display. The second ground 
 for the allegation of failure is the defectiveness of the system 
 of arrangements, or rather the failure to adhere to any system 
 in arrangement presented by the Exposition. This defect ren- 
 dered it extremely difficult, if not totally impossible, to study 
 satisfactorily either the products of any one nation as such or 
 the natural exhibition of any one product as such. But this 
 lamentable blemish was intimately connected with the extent 
 and magnificence of the Exposition as a whole ; with its extent, 
 because it was the overwhelming abundance of objects exhibited 
 which overflowed the limits assigned in the original plan to 
 nations and to groups ; with its magnificence, because the pres- 
 ence in great numbers of individual installations for private and 
 separate exhibitions, though one of the most troublesome ele- 
 ments in the way of the serious student in any special depart- 
 ment, nevertheless, to the eye of the casual visitor, added greatly 
 to the beauty and splendor of the scene. 
 
 The truth of criticisms on these points being granted, there 
 remains little to be urged against the statement that the Vienna 
 Exposition far surpassed its predecessors as an epitome of the 
 present condition of the world, with respect not only to the 
 mechanic arts, but in the whole range of elements which go to 
 make up modern civilization. More than any previous enter- 
 
DEDICATION OF PARDEE HALL. 7 
 
 prises of its. kind, it was a World's Exposition. This cosmo- 
 politan character was due partly to the position of Vienna itself, 
 situated as it is almost on the edge of Asia, partly to the extra- 
 ordinary and not yet fully comprehended awakening of the 
 Orient peoples within the last decade to the new life of modern 
 progress. Both significant and amazing were the evidences of 
 intellectual and industrial activity presented at this Exposition 
 from regions which have for centuries scarcely contributed any- 
 thing to the common stock of mankind in any department of 
 science or art. The enormous material progress of the Austrian 
 empire was so magnificently illustrated in the endless spaces 
 devoted to that country within the walls of the Exposition, that 
 we may fairly believe that Austria, in the effect produced upon 
 other nations and upon the consciousness of her own citizens, 
 will gain from this undertaking a benefit more than sufficient to 
 counterbalance her financial loss. The remarkable exhibitions 
 of Turkish, Persian, Indian, Chinese, Japanese and Egyptian 
 industries, and the still more remarkable fact that all these 
 remote regions should be roused to participate actively in such 
 an exposition at all, opened a vista of the coming brotherhood 
 and consolidated progress of the nations which never before in 
 such glory and completeness had dawned upon the world. The 
 Exposition was, in truth, a microcosm of the civilized world. 
 To walk through its interminable aisles, its seven immense prin- 
 cipal buildings, crowded with the achievements of human intel- 
 ligence and perseverance in every clime, to visit the 200 outside 
 buildings, palaces, peasant-houses, cafes, bazars, pavilions, his- 
 torical exhibitions, scattered through the grounds, was like 
 compressing into a few days the experiences of a lifetime of 
 travel over the whole earth. 
 
 One of the most profound lessons taught by this Exposition 
 is the great truth that human knowledge has grown far too wide 
 and multiform to be compassed any longer by individuals, and 
 particularly that the conventional culture of former generations 
 fails to give even a key for the comprehension of this. In the 
 face of this bewildering display of multiplied arts, the inadequacy 
 of what used to be considered a liberal education was pain- 
 fully apparent. One who wore the scholastic title of " Master 
 of Arts " could not but blush to find himself in their presence, 
 
8 PROFESSOR RAYMOND'S ADDRESS. 
 
 and not only not their master, but almost absolutely ignorant of 
 them all. 
 
 A second lesson, not less important and timely, is the convic- 
 tion produced by such an ocular demonstration that entire igno- 
 rance of the world in which we live, and of the activity which 
 characterizes the present age, will no longer be tolerable to cul- 
 tivated men. While the scholar, confining himself to the narrow 
 range of conventional studies, could live his quiet life untroubled 
 by the thought of the vast realms and interests with which he 
 had no concern, it was possible for men to maintain an artificial 
 standard of learning and accomplishments. The time is not far 
 past when a little familiarity with classic literature, pure mathe- 
 matics, speculative philosophy, and rhetoric would entitle him to 
 be considered an educated man, who was ignorant of living lan- 
 guages, of the geography and politics of foreign countries, of the 
 physical sciences, and of the gigantic enterprises of human pro- 
 gress which are based upon them. But that time is already gone 
 by ; it is no longer wise or Christian, and soon it will be no longer 
 fashionable to wrap one's self in the narrow garments of an out- 
 worn scholastic culture, and to ignore the vital problems and 
 movements of the times. This brings us to the question of the 
 new era in education corresponding to the new era in human 
 liberty and human thought ; the era of universal interchange 
 and universal progress among the nations ; the era of the appli- 
 cation of scientific discovery to the welfare of humanity ; the era 
 of the triumph of mind over matter. 
 
 What then is education ? No doubt in the widest sense it is 
 the development and training of the faculties of man which, be- 
 ginning at the cradle, ends only at the grave, and comprises not 
 merely all that parents and teachers can impart, but the far greater 
 influence of every circumstance of life. 
 
 It is, indeed, fortunate that such is the case. Sad would be 
 the fate of many a man if the mistaken and incomplete prepara- 
 tion which he received in school were all that he had to rely upon 
 in the struggles and labors of life. In many, if not in most cases, 
 the training of the school does little more than to awaken and 
 to direct, perchance to misdirect, those faculties which must 
 afterward become sharpened and hardened by the attrition of 
 contact with practical affairs. Nevertheless, the importance of 
 
DEDICATION OF PARDEE HALL. 9 
 
 wisely administering that part of the education of a man which 
 we call education in a narrow sense, cannot be over-estimated ; 
 and it is well to inquire what are its true objects and methods ; 
 whether it does or does not need to be modified to suit the 
 changing conditions, social and political, of the human race. 
 
 It is not my intention to enter upon a thorough discussion of 
 this profound subject. I can claim no such authority as would 
 entitle me to attention, if I were rash enough to undertake this 
 task. But one or two general observations, intended rather to 
 formulate that which all parties believe than to advance propo- 
 sitions likely to arouse controversy, may not be out of place at 
 this time. 
 
 What is practically the object of education in its limited sense? 
 What is our object in sending our boys to school ? I think we 
 may all unite in one reply. It is to do what lies in our power 
 to insure their success in life. I say we may all unite in this 
 reply, since the terms employed are so vague as to permit each 
 one of us to put upon them his own construction. Our ideal of 
 success in life may range from the mere acquisition of money or 
 fame to the highest conception of usefulness and benefaction. 
 The means need not greatly differ, whether the motives be selfish 
 or generous and lo,fty. So far as the physical and intellectual 
 training of the student is concerned, those means which would 
 make him strongest for his own aggrandizement would make 
 him strongest also for the good of his neighbor and the world. 
 Power is power ; knowledge and skill are power, whether they 
 are employed by noble or by mean and selfish motives. 
 
 The great antithesis of the age, illustrated not only by the 
 Vienna Exposition of which I have spoken, but by all the social 
 phenomena that surrounds us, consists in a tendency on the one 
 hand to organization and combination, and on the other hand to 
 the development and protection of individual rights and cha- 
 racter. Great corporations and great nations are moving through 
 contemporaneous history with a momentum never realized before 
 in any age, yet at the same time there never was an age when 
 the individual man more highly prized and more successfully 
 defended, or more universally developed and applied, his indi- 
 vidual rights and faculties. The dream of some philosophers, 
 of a social organization in which the division of labor should be 
 
10 PROFESSOR RAYMONDS ADDRESS. 
 
 carried to an extreme, and every man should do only that which 
 he could do best, so that communities of men should become 
 the units of the race of the future, contradicted not only the 
 wisdom of the past, but the unconquerable instincts and unerring 
 prophecies of the present. Side by side with the principle of 
 the unity of the race in its interests, its progress, and its destiny 
 — that principle which is the central social force of Christianity — 
 stands another, without which the first would be worthless and 
 barren, that of the dignity, liberty, and responsibility of the in- 
 dividual man ; and however much these principles in their social 
 and political outworkings may seem to contradict one another, 
 the practical experience of the race has shown that they cannot 
 be separated, that man cannot reach his full individual develop- 
 ment without the recognition of the brotherhood of all, and, on 
 the other hand, that there can be no true progress of mankind 
 except by the elevation and education of individual men. As, 
 according to the poet, it is the citizens that constitute the state, 
 so we may now say in a larger view it is the full-grown, free, in- 
 telligent, and virtuous man tha*- constitutes the life, power, and 
 hope of the race. 
 
 In the quaint and stately old cathedral of Antwerp, behind the 
 high altar, is a picture before which I stood^ not many days ago, 
 with a special interest — an Ascension of the Virgin, by Quentin 
 Matseys, the Blacksmith. You remember his romantic story, 
 how he became an artist for love of a painter's daughter, and how, 
 after years of laborious endeavor, he returned to his native town 
 to conquer, by his triumphant art, both fame and happiness. 
 The genius cannot have been wanting in him from the begin- 
 ning, but it might have slumbered always had it not been called 
 to life by the clarion voices of love and necessity. 
 
 In the transept of the same cathedral hangs the masterpiece 
 of the prolific, exuberant pencil of Rubens — the Descent from 
 the Cross. This great artist followed his own irresistible im- 
 pulse ; he flooded the world with pictures, laid all history and 
 mythology under contribution to his easel, rose while yet living 
 to a lofty eminence in the opinion of men, of which he cannot 
 be said to be deprived by death and time. In comparison with 
 the masterly completeness in spirit, design, and detail, in draw- 
 ing and color, in light and shade, of his immortal picture, the 
 
DEDICATION OF PARDEE HALL. I I 
 
 canvas of the blacksmith presents but a vision of meritorious 
 mediocrity ; and, gazing upon the two, one is compelled to admit 
 that painters are born, not made. 
 
 That which is true of painters may be maintained as well of 
 every handicraft and occupation. If the acquirement of the 
 highest excellence in special directions is the object sought, then, 
 one might say, nothing can be better as a means than encourage- 
 ment and training of special tendencies. Let him pursue a given 
 study who finds it pleasant and easy ; let him who does not find 
 it so, avoid it. " Follow your bent" may be, on this supposi- 
 tion, the best advice to every young beginner; education may 
 consist mainly in the development of the strong faculties and the 
 neglect of the weaker ; society may be, in its normal state, an 
 aggregation of specialists, presenting in its extremest form the 
 principle of the division of labor as the best life of the human 
 race. 
 
 But this is not the case. Even the object sought, of special 
 excellence in separate lines, cannot be best attained by such a 
 system. The processes and products and rewards of each pur- 
 suit are so bound up with those of all the world that the isolated 
 worker stands in great risk of failure. 
 
 Nor is the production of specialists the chief end of education. 
 These are the very characters we do not need to educate. They 
 will produce themselves, when the inner impulse is strong enough 
 to make them fruitful and useful. 
 
 What is, then, the end of educational systems? Primarily to 
 draw out (as the word implies), to develop, to stimulate, and train 
 the dormant faculties ; to produce many-sided — as nearly as pos- 
 sible full-orbed and rounded men. Life and labor will soon 
 enough beat- them into special forms. There is no danger that 
 our little schooling, of a few hours per week for a few years, will 
 roll all minds to profitless uniformity. The peril is on the other 
 side altogether ; and it is for us to labor to prevent, particularly 
 under the circumstances of American society, the rise of a gen- 
 eration of narrow specialists. 
 
 There is danger that in our new-born zeal for scientific educa- 
 tion we may sacrifice the interests of a truly liberal culture, pro- 
 ducing, as I have said, a generation of specialists, incapable of 
 appreciating the departments of human thought which lie out- 
 
12 PROFESSOR RAYMOND'S ADDRESS. 
 
 side their own, or even of rising within their own departments 
 to broad and comprehensive views. We must not use the mi- 
 croscope till we spoil the eyes. We must not overstrain the in- 
 vestigator until he becomes less than a full man. The chemists, 
 geologists, engineers, must not cease to be intelligent and active 
 citizens. It may be demonstrated that such a mistaken neglect 
 of studies outside the range of a chosen profession, cripples ac- 
 tivity and impairs success even in that profession. It is one re- 
 sult of the brotherhood of knowledge that no man, whether em- 
 ployed in the original investigation of nature or in the application 
 of natural laws to practical ends, can advance successfully with- 
 out perpetual communication of his thoughts to others, and the 
 reception of their suggestions and experiences in return. Hence 
 the mastery of language, which was the first condition of civil- 
 ization, remains the essential condition of progress. The power 
 to comprehend statements, logical arguments and demonstra- 
 tions, and to make such statements as may be comprehended by 
 others, and will carry weight and influence in the very perfection 
 of their form, is a vitally important part of the preparation of 
 every young man for his life's career. His success, aside from 
 its moral qualities, will be in direct proportion to his influence 
 over other men ; and this influence, again, will be in part pro- 
 portional to his command of the means by which the minds of 
 men are moved — namely, language. Under this term we may 
 include a knowledge of the methods of practical reasoning, and 
 if this knowledge is best obtained by scholastic study of logic, 
 then logic must be studied. If Latin and Greek are necessary, 
 then they must be studied. For us, one thing is certainly neces- 
 sary — a thorough mastery of the English tongue ; and .this alone 
 has been made to yield, in Lafayette College, a mental discipline 
 not inferior to that of the classics. 
 
 But influence is not due to language alone. Behind this ve- 
 hicle of thought there must be fullness and variety of thought 
 itself. Those fruitful analogies, felicitous illustrations, graceful 
 associations, which come, and come alone, though wide acquaint- 
 ance with hutfnan life and literature are so many elements of 
 power ; and without this broad basis of a common ground from 
 which to move the minds of others, the student of a special sci- 
 
DEDICATION OF PARDEE HALL. 1 3 
 
 ence, though possessed of the lever of Archimedes that would 
 move the world, has no place whereon to stand. 
 
 In accordance with these principles, the object of the system 
 of college education in America has always been — development 
 and discipline of character and the broad preparation of the 
 student for his subsequent special or professional pursuits. Our 
 colleges may not have succeeded in realizing this ideal, never- 
 theless this has been their ideal ; and it is the right one, as much 
 to-day as ever. Whatever changes are required in our institu- 
 tions of learning, to adapt them to the necessities of the modern 
 era, must be changes in accordance with this principle — changes 
 of means, not of ends, so far as colleges are concerned. 
 
 That changes are required is admitted on all hands. It is ad- 
 mitted that the physical sciences should be introduced to primary 
 and preparatory schools ; that they should be taught for the 
 double purpose of mental discipline and of mental acquirement 
 in the class-rooms of our colleges ; that in teaching them the 
 scientific, inductive, experimental, instead of the dogmatic, 
 method should be pursued ; and, finally, that either connected 
 with our colleges or standing outside of them, schools of thor- 
 ough scientific and technical special training are imperatively 
 required. It is to inaugurate the wider activity* of such a school 
 that we are met here to-day, and I shall say a few words con- 
 cerning the relation of this school to Lafayette College on the 
 one hand, and to technical education and the needs of the present 
 time in technical departments on the other hand. 
 
 It must be considered a benefit, both to the college and to the 
 school, that they belong together. So important an element as 
 that which is represented by the scientific department must have 
 
 * The scientific school of Lafayette College " was organized in 1866, to carry into 
 effect the conditions of a donation from A. Pardee, Esq., of Hazleton, Pennsylvania. 
 In July, 1867, in response to the growing wants of the department, the original dona- 
 tion was increased to $200,000, on condition that other friends of the College 
 should add the same sum to its general endowment. The donations for that pur- 
 pose, completing nearly half a million of dollars lately added to the College funds, 
 were made before January 1, 1869. In 1871 Mr. Pardee made another donation 
 of $200,000, for the erection of a building designed for the Departments of Engi- 
 neering, Metallurgy, and Chemistry."— From the College Catalogue of 1872-3. 
 
 Mr. Pardee has also furnished the entire scientific equipment of the building at 
 an additional cost of more than fifty thousand dollars. 
 
14 professor Raymond's address. 
 
 a beneficial effect on the atmosphere and the curriculum of the 
 college, while, in turn, the learning and the culture of the col- 
 lege will shed its benefits upon the special course of the school. 
 It is, indeed, eminently desirable, so far as it is practicable, that 
 the young student should pursue a special course in addition to, 
 and not instead of, a general course. And here let me allude to 
 one of the greatest difficulties in the way of the American edu- 
 cation — I mean the haste manifested by parents and guardians 
 to get through with the education of those whom they have in 
 charge. We are often told how absurd it is to attempt in this 
 age of multiplied knowledge to educate young men with the 
 means which were considered adequate half a century ago ; but 
 we are not so often told of the absurdity of attempting to prepare 
 young men for active and successful careers in the time that was 
 considered adequate fifty years ago. The enormously increased 
 demands of modern life, requiring as they do thai: a man shall 
 know more things, and know how to do more things, than were 
 formerly sufficient for his reasonable success, are not to be sat- 
 isfied by a mere change in a few subjects of instruction. It is 
 not enough to substitute one study for another. The period of 
 study must also be prolonged. In recognition of this principle, 
 while it is for the present impracticable to make it an invariable 
 part of a college education, by imperatively increasing the length 
 of the college course, or by raising the standard of admission to 
 colleges, the device of a post-graduate course has been very gen- 
 erally adopted ; and it will not be long before experience will 
 demonstrate that those men who have received the most thor- 
 ough preparatory training are able to overtake and to outstrip 
 in the subsequent race of life those who started with half-devel- 
 oped powers and half furnished minds. 
 
 On the other hand, it is the business and duty of the educator 
 not only to furnish systematic preparation to those who have 
 the ability to control their own plans or to wisely commence at 
 the beginning and continue to the end, but also to assist those 
 less fortunate ones who, forced prematurely to assume the re- 
 sponsibility of self-support, are nevertheless desirous of obtain- 
 ing such benefit as they can from books and teachers. If it is 
 true that a little knowledge is a dangerous thing, it is also true 
 that half a loaf is better than no bread. A partial education is 
 
DEDICATION OF PARDEE HALL. 1 5 
 
 better than none ; yet this choice should never be made save 
 under the pressure of necessity. The scientific department of 
 Lafayette College will not refuse its benefits to those who desire 
 to follow a special course, while at the same time it will be ad- 
 ministered with full recognition of the greater value of a com- 
 plete symmetrical system of college training. 
 
 While we trust that in time to come scientific investigation will 
 be promoted in no mean degree by this school and its graduates, 
 it must be confessed that at the present time its object is chiefly 
 the preparation of young men for practical pursuits involving the 
 applications of science. Nor can it be fairly said that this de- 
 partment is inferior in dignity to the pursuit of abstract science, 
 so called. It is out of the ranks of the practical workers that 
 those peculiarly gifted in scientific investigation are likely to 
 arise ; and it is in the ranks of practical workers that they must 
 look, chiefly, for appreciation and support. It is no derogation 
 from the value of a discovery of truth, to say that it can be made 
 useful to man ; and, hence, there is no inferiority in the position 
 of those who make it useful to man. 
 
 Indeed, that which the whole world chiefly needs to-day, and 
 our country not less than any other, is the application of scien- 
 tific truths and principles already known to the affairs and labors 
 and problems of daily life. We might even afford to pause in 
 our career of fresh discoveries, to consolidate the progress and 
 utilize the results already obtained. But the alternative is not 
 presented ; it is not necessary or best that any part of the intel- 
 lectual activity of the age should pause ; the advance of science 
 itself assists, and is assisted by, the applications of science. For 
 the sake of science, because for the sake of man, we need a sci- 
 entific in the place of a barbarous or scholastic architecture ; a 
 scientific in the place of a traditional agriculture ; a scientific in 
 the place of an empirical engineering. We need more machinery, 
 more economical applications of power, more effective processes 
 of metallurgy and manufacture, more exact knowledge in all 
 these particulars of our own condition and necessities, and of the 
 degree in which these can be supplied by experience already 
 attained abroad. 
 
 Lesoinne, a distinguished French writer, defines metallurgy 
 as " the art of making money in the treatment of metals." This 
 
1 6 professor Raymond's address. 
 
 definition may be applied to almost all occupations of life. The 
 practical art of each is not only to achieve certain results, but to 
 do so profitably, to make money in doing so ; that is to say, to 
 increase the value of the raw materials, whether wood, or cotton, 
 or ores, or time, or ideas, by the use we make of them, and the 
 transformation to which we submit them, so as thereby to really 
 elevate the condition of humanity — to leave the world better 
 than we found it. This is, in its last analysis, the meaning of 
 honestly making money. Men are put into this world with lim- 
 ited powers and with limited time to provide for their own sus- 
 tenance and comfort, and to improve their condition. A certain 
 portion of these powers and this time is required for the support 
 of life in a greater or less degree of comfort, and with more or 
 less multiplied means and avenues of enjoyment, activity, and 
 influence. Whatever their labor produces more than this, is 
 represented by wealth, and for purposes of exchange by muney. 
 To make money honestly, is to do something for other men 
 better or' cheaper than they can do it for themselves ; to save 
 time and labor for them — in a word, to elevate their condition. 
 It is in this sense, greatly as we Americans are supposed to be 
 devoted to making money, that we need to learn how to make 
 more money ; how to make our labor more fruitful ; how to as- 
 sail more successfully with our few hands the natural obstacles 
 and the natural resources of a mighty continent; how to build 
 up on the area of that continent a prosperous nation united in 
 varied, fruitful, and harmonious industries, glowing with patri- 
 otism and inspired by religion. 
 
 In this work we need specially the basis of a more thorough 
 technical institution, applying principles of science to the mate- 
 rial and economical problems involved. This education is neces- 
 sary to supply the directing forces for the great agricultural, 
 manufacturing, and engineering improvements of the country. 
 It is also needed as a solvent and remedy for the antagonism 
 between labor and capital. The true protection of labor will be 
 found in its higher education, and in opening to the individual 
 laborer for himself and for his children, by means of that educa- 
 tion, a prospect of indefinite improvement and advancement. 
 
 But we do not flatter ourselves that the operation of a school 
 will" be sufficient, by any magic that there is in books or 
 
DEDICATION OF PARDEE HALL. 1/ 
 
 teachers, to produce full-grown, well-trained, wise and ready- 
 experts. Going to school is but opening the door ; leaving the 
 school is but crossing the threshold. What we wish is to open 
 the door right, to open the right door, and to start the beginner 
 in the right direction. It would be easy to show two great cor- 
 relative propositions to be true ; first that scientific instruction 
 is not and cannot be a substitute for necessary practice ; sec- 
 ondly that practice alone cannot be a perfect substitute for the- 
 oretic knowledge — for that acquaintance with principles involved 
 in any occupation, with their mutual relations, their comparative 
 importance, which enables the workman under new sets of cir- 
 cumstances to perpetually reconstruct his art out of his science. 
 
 We have instances enough of learned students of finance who 
 could not be trusted to manage a bank, and, on the other hand, 
 the recent history of our country sufficiently demonstrates that 
 many experienced bankers are too ignorant of the principles of 
 finance to foresee approaching danger, to remedy present trou- 
 bles, or even to know what is desirable for the future, let alone 
 what would be the proper means of reaching such desirable 
 results. Political economists are not necessarily practical states- 
 men, yet it is ardently to be desired that practical statesmen 
 were more frequently political economists. 
 
 In the realm of metallurgical and engineering operations the 
 difference between theoretical and practical training is, perhaps, 
 still more striking. The student of chemistry in the laboratory 
 cannot be made acquainted with many of the conditions which 
 obtain in chemical and metallurgical operations upon a larger 
 scale. All the chemists of the world failed to comprehend or 
 to describe correctly the apparently simple reactions involved in 
 the manufacture of pig iron, until by the genius and enterprise 
 of such men as Bell, Sunner and Akerman, the blast-furnace 
 itself, in the conditions of actual practice, was penetrated and 
 minutely studied. Moreover, in all the experimental inquiries 
 of the laboratory the question of economy plays no part. It is 
 the art of separating and combining substances which the 
 student follows there, not the art of making money. That edu- 
 cation of judgment and decision, of choice of means for ends, 
 which the exigences of daily practice give, cannot be imparted 
 
 in the school. 
 2 
 
1 8 professor Raymond's address. 
 
 In mechanical engineering the same principle is illustrated. 
 The highest department in this art is that of construction, and 
 in this department the highest function is the designing of 
 machinery. Now the most perfect knowledge of the theory of 
 a machine and its mathematical relations, of the strength of 
 materials or the economical use of power, will not suffice to 
 qualify a man to design a machine or a system of machines, for 
 the reason that in this work an element must be considered not 
 at all included in theoretical knowledge — namely, the element 
 of economy in the manufacture as well as in the operation of 
 the machine. A machine, any part of which requires for its 
 manufacture a tool (such, for instance, as a peculiar lathe) which 
 is not already possessed by the manufacturer, and which, after 
 the construction of this one part, would not be necessary or 
 useful for other work, such a machine could not be profitably 
 built. In other words, machines must be so designed, in a large 
 majority of cases, as not to necessitate the construction of other 
 machines to make them, and the planning of machinery so that 
 it shall be at once economical and durable in operation and sim- 
 ple and cheap in construction is not merely an important inci- 
 dental duty, it is absolutely the chief and most difficult duty of 
 the mechanical engineer. 
 
 But if you consult, as I have done repeatedly, the men who, 
 by long and laborious practice, have arrived at great skill and 
 experience in any one of these professions, in spite of deficiencies 
 in early training, you will find that they heartily lament the 
 lack of those opportunities which the careless student is so apt 
 to undervalue ; that they spend many weary hours in the attempt 
 to make good this lack, and that they find themselves restricted 
 and cut short in their success for want of that mastery of gen- 
 eral principles and of theories which would enable them to rise 
 higher and assume wider command. It is in school that we 
 teach the student how to study, how to investigate, how to take 
 hold of the problems of practice as they rise. We do not solve 
 all these problems in advance for him. It is here that we im- 
 part scientific method and the knowledge of scientific means 
 and manipulations. Yonder in the great world of actual life 
 every man must show for himself what stuff is in him, and 
 wearing the armor and wielding the weapons with which he has 
 
DEDICATION OF PARDEE HALL. IQ, 
 
 been furnished, he must conquer or fall according to his fortunes 
 and his deserts. 
 
 The importance of the different branches of engineering to 
 this country scarcely needs an argument. Skilled labor and 
 skill in the direction of labor are still urgently called for on 
 every side. Take for instance our mining industry. If we 
 begin with the most important of all substances obtained by 
 mining — namely, coal and iron — what a spectacle of intense 
 energy and rapid development is presented by the present con- 
 dition of the country ! The immense area of our coal fields, 
 from the small anthracite deposits of Rhode Island to the vast 
 formations of lignite, that stretch from the British line along the ' 
 whole flank of the Rocky Mountains far into Texas, and, still 
 further west, the deposits of the Pacific coast, from Alaska to 
 California, an aggregate area of more than 300,000 square 
 miles, resound in every part with the activity of the miner ; and 
 our product of iron ore, augmented every year by a stupendous 
 increase, is still inadequate to supply the eager demand of the 
 furnace men and their facilities for the manufacture and the 
 insatiable market that calls for all and more than all that we are 
 so far able to produce. Of other metals we have no lack. The 
 copper of Lake Superior, Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, 
 has been already the source of considerable production, and 
 these regions are far from exhausted, while in the great states 
 and territories of the West this metal is certain to play in the 
 future an important part, becoming in Arizona and Montana at 
 least, as it is already to some extent in Colorado, the basis for 
 the smelting and reduction of materials containing gold and 
 silver. Zinc is produced abundantly in many parts of the 
 country, and its manufacture will doubtless increase with the 
 growth of the market. Nickel is substantially a monopoly, 
 since the single mine in this State represents the product of the 
 whole country. Tin is found in various places, though never 
 thus far in large quantities or under such favorable circumstances 
 as to permit its profitable working. With regard to lead, it may 
 be remarked that its production in this country has recently 
 received a fresh impetus from the discovery and development 
 of the great deposits of argentiferous ores in the far West, so 
 that it may be expected that the loss occasioned by the decline 
 
20 PROFESSOR RAYMONDS ADDRESS. 
 
 of lead mining in the Mississippi Valley is more than made up 
 from these fresh sources. To these items already enumerated 
 I must add the great production of petroleum and salt in the 
 East and of the precious metals in the Rocky Mountains, the 
 Inland Basin and along the Pacific coast. 
 
 Now in the utilization of all these natural resources we are 
 approaching every day a condition of affairs imperatively requir- 
 ing the assistance of science. Our coal mines, having attained 
 greater depths, show themselves not less dangerous from fiery 
 or noxious gases than those of the Old World. Few problems 
 are more difficult than those which the mining engineer 
 encounters in fighting fire underground, and even our anthra- 
 cite mines, it now begins to appear, will by no means be here- 
 after as free from this evil as they were in earlier years. In all 
 other kinds of mining, moreover, the difficulty, if not the dan- 
 ger, is increased as operations are extended under ground. A 
 point is reached in such an undertaking where the lack of skill 
 and forethought in opening the mine makes itself felt in the 
 greatly increased cost of working it; and this evil, growing 
 continually greater, can only be remedied, if at all, by a reform 
 in administration, while it can be prevented by the employment 
 of proper skill at the outset. Moreover, as the mechanical diffi- 
 culties of mining are increased, the necessity of machinery for 
 drainage, ventilation and transportation becomes evident. There 
 is, therefore, a natural demand for persons capable to plan, erect 
 and operate such machinery. Again, the extension of under- 
 ground workings necessitates careful instrumental surveys. It 
 is no longer possible to estimate by the eye the dimensions and 
 positions of subterranean works. Complete and accurate maps 
 are required to enable the miner to conduct his explorations 
 and exploitations with judgment and economy, and to furnish 
 him a trustworthy knowledge of the condition and resources of 
 his mine. Then, too, as operations advance, the character of 
 the product changes. The early stages of mining in any district 
 and in any country are usually attended with considerable reck- 
 lessness and waste, the losses of which are made good by the 
 richness of the materials mined. The most promising deposits 
 are first attacked, of these the richest portions are exclusively 
 worked. In short, the cream is skimmed from the mineral 
 
DEDICATION OF PARDEE HALL. 21 
 
 wealth of the country, and it is not until this period has mea- 
 surably passed away, and the lesson has been learned that a per- 
 manent industry must be based upon the utilization of that 
 which has been considered worthless hitherto, that the era of 
 scientific work commences. This entails the necessity of con- 
 trivances to reduce expenses in the extraction of ores ; of eco- 
 nomical methods for concentrating their bulk and thus increas- 
 ing their relative value, and finally, of new processes for the 
 complete reduction of those more complicated combinations 
 which in the flush times of the young industry were not treated 
 at all. 
 
 Thus, for example, in our coal mines we are studying how to 
 diminish the waste of coal caused by a hasty and rude extrac- 
 tion, and to contrive such methods of mining as will not destroy 
 those narrower and poorer seams which, for the present, are not 
 worked, and we are attempting to make useful in one way or 
 another vast amounts of the inevitable refuse which attends the 
 extraction, breaking, sizing and shipment of coal. 
 
 A similar problem meets us in iron mining. The sudden 
 expansion of our iron industry, calling for more extensive sup- 
 plies of crude material, has had the immediate and natural 
 result of a depreciation of the quality of ore furnished by the 
 mines. Even from regions of such exceptional wealth in this 
 respect as Lake Superior, it has been found impracticable to 
 ship ores in the required quantity and to maintain the quality, 
 at the same time, which formerly characterized them. Hence 
 the ironmasters throughout the country are busy with experi- 
 ments for the economical treatment of leaner or more impure 
 ores than they formerly obtained. The great question of iron 
 metallurgy to-day may be said to be the production of a good 
 quality of iron from ores of a relatively inferior class. 
 
 The metallurgy of gold and silver presents a similar spectacle. 
 It is no longer by finding nuggets or by washing rudely the au- 
 riferous earth collected in the eddies of mountain streams that 
 the gold product of this country is obtained, but by the employ- 
 ment of natural forces on a grand scale, sluicing down moun- 
 tains, and concentrating vast quantities of almost barren material, 
 or by employing the affinities of other substances and extracting 
 the precious metal by chemical combinations; and in the place 
 
22 PROFESSOR RAYMOND S ADDRESS. 
 
 of the earlier and ruder methods of silver extraction we are 
 adopting more perfect mechanical concentration, chemical de- 
 composition, and the complicated reactions of the shaft, furnace, 
 and reverberatory. 
 
 But it is not only in the production of the simple metals that 
 this condition may be observed. In all the manufactures based 
 upon the mineral products, the same tendency is manifest. Some 
 one has well said that the utilization of refuse is the measure of 
 civilization. That which the alchemists sought in vain, their 
 descendants are finding step by step — the Philosopher's Stone, 
 which will turn the most despised substances to gold. The 
 illustrations of this are innumerable. I must be content with 
 one or two. 
 
 Few forms of refuse were more troublesome to dispose of, a 
 few years ago, than the coal-tar which accumulates in the manu- 
 facture of gas. At first, it was used only as a rude kind of paint 
 for iron, etc. Afterward, it was distilled, and yielded a volatile 
 oil, with which Bethel impregnated wood to preserve it from 
 decay. Then it was found that one of the distillates was «a good 
 material for removing stains and spots from cloth. But all these 
 applications were inadequate to dispose of the great quantities 
 of tar that accumulated. Then came the grand discovery of 
 aniline, enriching the world with new and brilliant colors ; and 
 now even the refuse of the aniline manufacture yields anthracene 
 and alizarine, the artificial madder, the discovery of which is one 
 of the most important events of the day, revolutionizing a great 
 industry, and completely annihilating a branch of agriculture, to 
 supply its place with a manufacture less expensive of labor, and 
 hence in the end more beneficial to man. So now we have 
 swarthy tars on the forecastle and radiant tars on the prom- 
 enade deck. The black and ugly substance that was so long 
 despised has taken wings of beauty and is admired of all men. 
 It was an angel in disguise. 
 
 Another curious instance is the new manufacture of crayons 
 from the gypsum which is left after making soda-water, and the 
 calcareous slime constituting the refuse of the soap factory. 
 What we call chalk and use on the blackboard is in most cases 
 not chalk, but largely gypsum. But time would fail me to re- 
 count the numerous applications of science in the utilization of 
 
DEDICATION OF PARDEE HALL. 23 
 
 waste material. It is, perhaps, the most promising field for 
 making money in the present day ; and after the explanations 
 already given, you will understand that I mean to say it is a 
 promising field for undertakings beneficial to society. And it 
 calls loudly for workmen — not for professional inventors ; that 
 is, mere guessers and vague experimenters, but experts, who, 
 knowing their ground, and divining truly what needs to be in- 
 vented or improved, will advance with sure and safe steps. 
 
 I cannot pause to speak at length of the opportunities offered 
 in mechanical, civil, and railway engineering and architecture. 
 There is an army of men already employed in these professions ; 
 but it needs recruits, and the service is one in which merit finds 
 room to rise. 
 
 In all these occupations of which I have been speaking, there 
 is a demand for thorough, trained, practiced, skillful men. There 
 is no royal road to success in them ; but there is a sure road, 
 that begins here, in faithful study and preparati Dn. The moral 
 element of this preparation is not less important than the intel- 
 lectual. One of the leading engineers of the United States said 
 to me the other day, " When I wish competent agents to super- 
 intend works for which I am responsible, my greatest difficulty is 
 to get good men. I can find twenty who know enough for every 
 one whom I can certainly trust." Uprightness, virtue, Christian 
 manhood, these are sure to tell in the life- career. I cannot but 
 deem it a peculiar advantage of Lafayette College as a place of 
 preparation, that it is measurably removed from the excitement, 
 distractions, and temptations of great cities ; that the moral and 
 religious influences of the place are like the skies that bend and 
 the breezes that blow over it, pure and healthful. 
 
 Before I close, let me appeal to young men to throw away 
 finally and for ever the notion of the superiority of the so-called 
 learned professions in point of respectability over the calling of 
 the mechanic or the engineer. George Fritz of Cambria, whom 
 many of you knew, and whose recent loss you do not cease to 
 mourn, lived as useful a life, and died as much honored and re- 
 gretted by his fellow-citizens, as if he had been an orator or a 
 statesman. What he accomplished by patient ingenuity for the 
 art to which he devoted himself gave him as good a title to fame 
 as that of the proudest savant. I do not say that those who feel 
 
24 PROFESSOR RAYMONDS ADDRESS. 
 
 called by inward fitness or by outward intimations of Providence 
 to become lawyers, physicians, or even philosophers, should not 
 follow the call ; but in the name of manhood, do not choose any 
 one of these, still less the army, and least of all the pulpit, be^ 
 cause you think it is "respectable!" 
 
 I must protest also against the strange delusion that carries 
 so many young men into trade — the delusion that fortunes are 
 more easily accumulated in this than in other lines of life. The 
 statistics are against this assumption. By far the larger part of 
 our merchants go into bankruptcy and have to begin anew, or 
 change their occupation altogether. Thousands of young men 
 are found in New York every winter almost starving for want 
 of work, who cannot do anything but keep books or run a com- 
 mission business, or sell ribbons over a counter. Trade is hon- 
 orable, when honorably conducted ; but it is just now overdone. 
 We have too many middlemen between the producer and the 
 consumer; and the young man who, without special fitness or 
 reasonable prospects of promotion, blindly goes into mercantile 
 life, is foolishly swelling the ranks of an overpopulated class. 
 
 But what shall I say, then, of the strange furore to go into 
 Wall street " and operate "? The legitimate business of finance, 
 exchange, banking, etc., is absolutely essential to industry. Far 
 be it from me to undervalue it or its honest representatives. But 
 the desire of getting rich suddenly by speculation — of getting 
 money, not making money — that is, creating or producing value ; 
 of living by the wits, not the earnest labor of mind and hand — 
 this is a temptation of Satan. And here, too, the inexorable 
 statistics show the folly of the gambler's hopes. Thousands of 
 so-called " country customers " go into Wall street every year 
 with small capital which they mean to multiply. Six months 
 is longer than the average career of these adventurers. Their 
 little fortunes pay the expenses of the keener speculators. And 
 even of the few who, after years of debasing practice, at last be- 
 come skillful operators, how many really carry after all as much 
 money as their trouble, anxiety, and slavery of labor has been 
 worth ? Every year there is a new king of the street, who in 
 many cases comes to the throne like an Oriental usurper, by 
 treacherously killing his predecessor. 
 
 These are times, my friends, that preach loudly the instability 
 
DEDICATION OF PARDEE HALL. 25 
 
 of riches. When panic shakes the market and the exchange, 
 and values shrink, and great houses fall to pieces, carrying down 
 all who trusted in them, the man who is serenest and most safe 
 is he who carries a reserve of capital in his brain and hand, and 
 who can say, " Come what may, while I have this knowledge 
 and skill that men require, I shall not be utterly cast down." 
 
 For the sake of your success and your manhood, young man, 
 lay broad the foundations of education ; do not be afraid of learn- 
 ing too much, or of preparing thoroughly for your life's career. 
 And, whatever that career is to be, remember that you cannot 
 safely be ignorant of the great facts of science and its applica- 
 tions in human industry. This knowledge will be ranked hence- 
 forward among the necessary elements of a liberal education. 
 And if you are drawn, as I think active and healthy minds can- 
 not fail to be, to the practice of some useful art, we hold out our 
 hands of welcome to you, and offer you an initiation into the 
 mysteries which you must thereafter explore alone. You will 
 be rewarded at every step, if you advance in the scientific and 
 humane, not the drudging and greedy spirit ; and you will find 
 yourself in the line of deserved wealth and honor. To this use- 
 ful application of scientific truth, to this true Art of Making 
 Money, we dedicate this edifice, in itself a glorious illustration 
 of the true Art of Using Money, trusting that the purposes and 
 labors of the Department this day transferred to it may ever 
 deserve the applause of man and the prospering favor of 
 Almighty God. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 The following report of the general proceedings of the day is 
 taken from the Easton Daily Free Press of October 22 : 
 
 The vicinity of the college yesterday morning presented a busy 
 scene. Some preparations were yet to be completed about the new 
 building. At an early hour visitors began to arrive, and strange faces 
 were seen in every part of the grounds. The students felt the im- 
 portance of the occasion, and determined that the day should not lack 
 in being honored through any want of enthusiasm on their part. At 
 ten o'clock the college bell was rung, and according to the arrange- 
 ments, the different bodies who were to take part in the procession 
 formed in the neighborhood of the chapel. The different classes, 
 under the direction of their marshals, occupied the portion of the road 
 immediately north of the chapel. They were gay in the colors of 
 their respective classes and appropriate badges, and impatiently awaited 
 the time when the procession should move. The Synod of Philadel- 
 phia, which had left Philadelphia early in the morning in a special 
 train, arrived about ten o'clock, and in a body marched up College 
 Hill. The trains on the New Jersey railroads also brought large 
 numbers of the members of the Synod of New Jersey, who at once 
 proceeded to the centre of attraction — the grounds of the college. 
 Many distinguished men and scholars, representatives of other insti- 
 tutions, were present. 
 
 The procession was at last formed under the direction of Professor 
 Youngman, the college marshal, and headed by a band of music, 
 moved toward the new building. It was composed as follows : 
 
 The officers of the college classes as escort. 
 
 The orator of the day with the president of the faculty. 
 
 The governor of Pennsylvania with other officials. 
 
 The present and former trustees of the college with trustees of other 
 colleges. 
 
 Present and former members of the faculty with representatives from 
 sister institutions. 
 
 The clergy and other specially invited guests, including the Amer- 
 ican Institute of Mining Engineers. 
 
 Alumni in order of their graduation with former students of the 
 college who did not take their degrees. 
 26 
 
DEDICATION OF PARDEE HALL. 2J 
 
 Citizens of Easton. 
 
 Undergraduates of the college. 
 
 A dense crowd had already gathered about Pardee Hall. The dif- 
 ferent floors were thronged with crowds of visitors, and the galleries 
 which had been thrown open to the public at ten o'clock were already 
 completely filled, the ladies occupying a majority of the seats. When 
 the procession reached the building, it parted right and left up the 
 staircases on either side of the corridor, and thus entered the spacious 
 auditorium. It was not long before the large room was densely 
 crowded. The bands of music were stationed in the music gallery, 
 directly over the platform, and discoursed sweet strains at different 
 stages of the proceedings. A large platform had been erected in the 
 front, and on this were seated President Cattell, Ex-Governor Pol- 
 lock, Mr. Pardee, Governor Hartranft, a number of the trustees of 
 the college, and distinguished visitors from abroad. Among these 
 were President Barnard, of Columbia College ; Rev. Dr. McGill, of 
 Princeton Theological Seminary; Selden T. Scranton, of Oxford, 
 N. J. ; President Coppee, of Lehigh University ; Prof. T. Sterry 
 Hunt, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ; Prof. Meyer, of 
 Stevens Institute, Hoboken ; Prof. Johnson, of Yale; Prof. Hillman, 
 of Dickinson; President Muhlenberg; George Musgrave, D. D., 
 LL.D. ; Rev. J. S. Woodside, from India; Rev. Dr. Miller, moder- 
 ator of the Synod of New Jersey ; Rev. Dr. W. O. Johnstone ; Presi- 
 dent Magill, of Swarthmore. 
 
 The exercises began with an invocation by President Cattell, who 
 afterward introduced to the audience the orator of the day, Professor 
 Rossiter W. Raymond, a member of the college faculty, United States 
 Commissioner of Mining Statistics, and president of the American 
 Institute of Mining Engineers. 
 
 At the conclusion of Professor Raymond's eloquent address, which 
 was listened to with great interest on the part of those present and 
 interrupted by frequent bursts of applause, Professor Barlow, in whose 
 charge the preparations for the collation had been placed, announced 
 that the tables had been spread in the large laboratories on the fourth 
 and fifth floors of the building. There was room for six hundred, 
 and that number would be admitted to the rooms in the order of the 
 procession, while the others would be served at successive tables. 
 
 The spacious laboratories had been turned into banqueting halls, 
 and long lines of tables groaned beneath the substantial viands pro- 
 vided. Beautiful bouquets of flowers adorned the rooms. 
 
 The streets of Easton had presented a busy spectacle all the morn- 
 ing. The different trains brought hundreds of visitors, and a con- 
 
28 APPENDIX. 
 
 stant stream of people flowed toward College Hill. Bands of music 
 paraded the streets, stopping often before the Free Press office to 
 tender the compliment of a serenade. In the afternoon business 
 was entirely suspended. Every store was closed, the noise of the 
 factory had ceased, quiet brooded over the workshop. The mer- 
 chant had left his counter, the mechanic had doffed his apron, the 
 lawyer had thrown aside his brief, and all united to honor the day. 
 There has not been an occasion for years in which our citizens have 
 joined with such universal interest. 
 
 Soon after one o'clock the different organizations, which were to 
 take part in the parade of the afternoon, were moving through the 
 streets of the town. All the civic societies were represented, and 
 South Easton and Phillipsburg sent their organizations. Under the 
 direction of the Chief Marshal, George M. Reeder, Esq., the line 
 was formed on South Third street, the right resting on Centre Square. 
 It moved in the following order : 
 
 Chief Marshal, George M. Reeder, with Assistant Marshals, Messrs. 
 
 Joseph S. Osterstock, J. N. Thatcher, John Bacon and Adam 
 
 Drinkhouse, mounted on gayly caparisoned steeds. 
 
 Platoon of police. 
 
 Easton Cornet Band. 
 
 Easton Grays, under command of Captain Frank Reeder. 
 
 Members of Fifty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, under command of 
 
 Captain Daniel L. Nicholas. 
 
 Bell Post, G. A. R., under command of Samuel Lesher, S. V. C. 
 
 Columbia Council, O. U. A. M., John M. Phillips, Marshal. 
 
 Excelsior Council, Jr. O. U. A. M., Howard Bitters, Marshal. 
 
 Bath Cornet Band. 
 
 Fatherland Lodge, I. O. of O. F., Joseph Fladd, Marshal. 
 
 Peace and Plenty, Lehicton and Elon Lodges, I. O. of O. F., A. 
 
 Laubach, Marshal. 
 
 Washington Camp, P. O. S. of A., G. Heller, Marshal. 
 
 Druids of Easton, H. HorTmier, Marshal. 
 
 Knights of Pythias of Easton, J. Deichman, Marshal. 
 
 Teedyuscung Tribe, I. O. of R. M., of Phillipsburg, S. Vanorman, 
 
 Marshal. 
 
 Saranac Tribe, I. O. of R. M., of Easton, T. Coyle, Marshal. 
 
 Emerald Society, M. J. Levan, Marshal. 
 
 German Mechanics, John Newbrand, Marshal. 
 
 Governor John F. Hartranft, Auditor-General Harrison Allen and 
 
 Chief Burgess A. B. Howell, in a carriage drawn by four horses. 
 
DEDICATION OF PARDEE HALL. 20, 
 
 Nazareth Band. 
 Town Councils of Easton, South Easton and Phillipsburg, 
 School Board of Easton. 
 Easton High School. 
 Ringgold Band, of Reading. 
 Chief Engineer James Ward and assistants. 
 Humane Fire Company, No. 1, with carriage. 
 Washington Fire Company, No. 3, with steamer drawn by four horses. 
 Keystone Fire Company, No. 5, with steamer drawn by four horses. 
 Lafayette Fire Company, No. 6, with carriage. 
 Citizens in carriages. 
 The procession was the finest and most imposing that has appeared 
 in the streets of Easton for years. It was over a mile in length, and, 
 gay with flags and banners, was a chief feature of the outward dis- 
 play of the day. The governor of Pennsylvania was greeted with 
 cheers along the route of the parade. The pupils of the High School 
 carried a banner especially gotten up for the occasion. The splen- 
 did flag of Excelsior Council attracted attention. The Fire Depart- 
 ment, with engines and carriages, presented, as usual, a fine 
 appearance. 
 
 The procession moved over a short route through the streets of 
 Easton, as had been previously announced, and then marched over 
 the Bushkill bridge and up the road to the college grounds. At dif- 
 ferent points on the hill crowds of people were gathered to witness 
 the approach of the procession. From some favored points a view 
 of the whole line of marching men, with flags and ensigns and 
 regalia, could be obtained. After the head of the line had arrived 
 upon College Hill the procession could still be seen moving down 
 from the foot of Third street. 
 
 Over the gate leading into the college grounds, the Lafayette Fire 
 Company had erected an arch trimmed with evergreens and flowers. 
 It bore in large letters, the names 
 
 LAFAYETTE— PARDEE. 
 Upon the bases on which it rested were the words, 
 JUNKIN, 1832. CATTELL, 1873. 
 Some verses of Scripture were inscribed on the keystone of the arch, 
 the 17th, 18th and 19th of the sixth chapter of 1 Timothy. 
 
 All the afternoon crowds of people had been pouring up College 
 Hill. They crowded Jenks' Hall, they filled the new building, and 
 were scattered over the campus. The crowd around Pardee Hall 
 was numbered by thousands. A procession had been formed at the 
 
30 APPENDIX. 
 
 College Chapel of the undergraduates, the Faculty and! the Trustees 
 of the college. At its head, side by side, walked President Cattell 
 and Mr. Pardee. It moved toward the entrance of the college 
 grounds, where it met the procession from town, and escorted it 
 through the college grounds. The procession moved around Pardee 
 Hall, and halted at the front of the building. President Cattell, Mr. 
 Pardee and the distinguished guests advanced to the elevated plateau 
 immediately in front of the entrance, while the procession from town 
 passed in review. An immense assemblage had now gathered about 
 the front of the building. v rhe balconies and windows of the edifice 
 were filled with ladies and gentlemen, as were also those of the 
 adjoining college buildings. 
 
 As soon as quiet was restored, the simple ceremonies of delivering 
 over the building into the possession of the college authorities began. 
 Mr. Pardee, in a modest address, handed over the keys to President 
 Cattell. He said : 
 
 The completion of this building makes it my very pleasant duty, 
 on behalf of the Building Committee, and myself as the donor, to 
 formally present it to you, as the representative of the Trustees and 
 Faculty of Lafayette. The building itself speaks of the skill and 
 taste of the architect, the faithfulness of the builder, and the care 
 with which it has been supervised during its erection. Our respon- 
 sibilities have not been small; but on you, sir, and on the students 
 who shall go out, year by year, from these halls, rests a far larger 
 responsibility— the reputation of the institution. But, looking to the 
 future by the light of the past, we rest the responsibility on you with 
 no misgiving. I have the honor, sir, of now presenting you with 
 the keys of the hall. 
 
 After the tumultuous cheering that greeted Mr. Pardee had ceased, 
 President Cattell responded as follows : 
 
 In receiving from you the keys of the building for the scientific de- 
 partment of the college which you have so munificently endowed, I 
 can find no words adequate to express my own thanks, or the thanks 
 of my colleagues in the faculty, for this grand addition to their means 
 of attractive and thorough teaching and of their own scientific re- 
 searches, or the thanks of the trustees and patrons and friends of the 
 college, alike interested in her welfare, or the thanks of all friends of 
 education who see in such a large and unselfish use of wealth for the 
 benefit of mankind the noblest use to which it can be applied. And 
 I know you, sir, so well, that I am sure the less I say to you on an 
 occasion so public, the better you will be pleased. I shall, therefore, 
 only assure you that our hearts are full of gratitude for your munifi- 
 
DEDICATION OF PARDEE HALL. 3 1 
 
 cent gift and for your wise and judicious counsels under which the 
 college has grown and prospered, and that we and our children will 
 not cease to cherish and honor your memory, and that our heartfelt 
 prayer to the Giver of every good and perfect gift is for His richest 
 blessings to rest ever upon you and yours. 
 
 The whole assembly, with one voice, then united in singing the 
 Doxology, " Praise God, from whom all blessings flow." When the 
 last echo of the grand old hymn had died away upon the air, the ven- 
 erable Dr. Coleman, professor of Latin in the college, invoked the 
 blessing of God upon the institution and the man who had so munifi- 
 cently endowed it. 
 
 Ex-Governor Pollock then introduced Governor Hartranft, who 
 was greeted with loud cheers. The governor thought that this was a 
 proud day for Easton and the college. It was a proud day for him 
 to be present and see the keys handed over by his liberal-hearted 
 friend Mr. Pardee to the president of the college. He had not had 
 the pleasure of close association with the college, but from what he 
 had seen of President Cattell, his executive ability, his energy and his 
 enterprise, he was satisfied that the magnificent gift of Mr. Pardee had 
 fallen in good hands. He spoke at length of the necessity of a scien- 
 tific education. He advised young men not to go forward too rapidly 
 in life, and to select their professions with care. If there were more 
 men in active life of the character of Mr. Pardee the world would be 
 better. The donor of the hall had unconsciously erected a monu- 
 ment to himself which would endure throughout time. 
 
 The next speaker was Edward H. Green, Esq., president of the 
 borough council of Easton, who was warmly greeted. He said he was 
 not a public speaker, and if he were, he would not detain .the vast 
 assemblage at this time with any extended remarks. He would simply 
 say that, on behalf of the citizens of Easton, he would congratulate 
 the college on the princely gift they had received that day from Mr. 
 Pardee. 
 
 He was followed by Major A. B. Howell, chief burgess of Easton. 
 He said that to him this was a double pleasure. He felt a profound 
 interest in the occasion, both as a graduate of the institution and as 
 a citizen of Easton. He rejoiced that the college had been founded 
 in our midst, not simply on account of the material advantages, but 
 for the educational, literary, and religious influences that flowed from 
 her. The college held out before all men the maxim, "The fear of 
 the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." We dedicate this building 
 to-day. We hope that these halls may send forth men who, by their 
 
32 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 living and dying, may prove that this trust was committed to a worthy 
 charge. (Great applause.) 
 
 Mr. Edward F. Stewart, president of the Easton board of control, 
 next appeared before the audience. He stood here as a representa- 
 tive of the college, being an early graduate. But he represented more 
 directly the public school system. It had been said that there was a 
 connection between the public school system and the college. He 
 thought that this was so. It was thought that education was only fit 
 for professional men. In a country like this it was especially essen- 
 tial that every man should at least have the elements of an education. 
 A great republic could only be sustained by the intelligence of its 
 people. The workman might not be better qualified to drive the 
 plow or wield the hammer, but he would represent manhood. (Con- 
 tinued cheering.) 
 
 A short and stirring address followed from Ex-Governor Pollock, 
 who said that he was never so inspired before to battle in the cause 
 of education as he had been to-day. 
 
 The addresses in the open air were then brought to a close with the 
 announcement that they would be resumed in the lecture hall of the 
 building. The procession was then re-formed and took up the line 
 of march for the town again. The auditorium was found to be already 
 occupied, and but a tithe of the multitude could gain access. It was 
 with difficulty that the speakers and specially invited guests could 
 reach the platform. 
 
 Prof. J. P. Wickersham, LL.D., superintendent of public instruc- 
 tion in Pennsylvania, was the first speaker. 
 
 He came here to show the sympathy of the public school system 
 of Pennsylvania with the good work that was being done in Lafayette 
 College. The building that they dedicated to-day was a proud monu- 
 ment to its founder. It was a monument that would outlast the royal 
 families of Egypt. They builded pyramids that would crumble to 
 the dust, but this monument would reach to the skies, ay, even be- 
 yond the skies. Personally, too, he was proud that this building had 
 been erected here. Fifteen years ago he had ascended the hill and 
 viewed Lafayette College. To-day he felt that there had been a 
 wondrous change, and all honor should be ascribed to the man who 
 had been at the head of the institution for the last ten years. At La- 
 fayette a reconciliation had been effected between colleges and the 
 public school system of instruction. He formerly had to complain 
 that the college men of Pennsylvania had stood aloof from common 
 schools. But he found the president and professors of Lafayette 
 mingling with the common school teachers and taking them by the 
 
DEDICATION OF PARDEE HALL. 33 
 
 hand, visiting State associations, and taking part in teachers' insti- 
 tutes. It was one reason why the institution had recently experienced 
 such wonderful prosperity. 
 
 Several speakers followed each other in short, enthusiastic addresses, 
 and the exercises were kept up until the evening shadows darkened 
 the room. Among the speakers were the Rev. Dr. John Harris 
 Jones, president of Trevica College, South Wales, and Rev. Dr. 
 Robert Knox, of Belfast, Ireland, delegates to the Evangelical Alli- 
 ance recently held in New York. Dr. Knox referred to the fact that 
 a former student of Lafayette, Rev. Robert Watts, D. D., was a dis- 
 tinguished professor of theology in an Ireland college. Hon. B. G. 
 Northrup, secretary of the Connecticut Board of Education, expressed 
 the conviction that such courses of technical study as were afforded 
 at Lafayette, with all the apparatus and other appliances offered by 
 the noble building in which they were met, would soon do away with 
 the necessity of our young men going abroad for technical education. 
 He also expressed his delight at the cordial and enthusiastic feeling 
 exhibited by the citizens of Easton toward the college. It was a rare 
 sight, the silent and deserted town beneath them, all business sus- 
 pended, and the whole populace poured forth to greet the college on 
 this glad day ! Gownsmen and townsmen rejoiced together ! Hon. 
 Heister Clymer, of Reading, Pa., made a brief but eloquent address. 
 Rev. Dr. Charles H. Robinson, of New York, spoke in his usual 
 felicitous manner. Dr. N. J. Woeikof, secretary of the Meteorolog- 
 ical Committee of the Imperial Geographical Society of Russia, who 
 had come to the college to visit the lamented Dr. Coffin, gave his 
 tribute to the extended learning and great usefulness of Lafayette's 
 deceased professor of mathematics and astronomy. 
 
 In introducing Ashbel Welch, of New Jersey, the distinguished 
 civil engineer, and member of the board of examiners for the Pardee 
 scientific department (who made a short but excellent address), 
 President Cattell gave a brief historical sketch. He said that one 
 day, about forty years ago,- a young lad was plowing in his father's 
 fields in Rensselaer county, in New York, when he received a letter. 
 He opened it, and found the offer of a position as rodman, down in 
 New Jersey, with Mr. Welch. He left home to take it the very next 
 day, bringing with him the fortunes of Lafayette ! He (Ario Par- 
 dee) came to this valley about the time the college was started. The 
 speaker told of the unostentatious way in which the first gift of $20,000 
 was put in his hands in 1864, which was followed by still larger 
 sums, from time to time, as successive additions were made to the 
 Scientific Department, until the amount given by Mr. Pardee was 
 
34 APPENDIX. 
 
 nearly half a million. He also spoke of his valuable service as a 
 trustee, in which capacity he had shown great delicacy in always 
 refraining from giving any sign of the great indebtedness of the insti- 
 tution to him. He closed with the remark that his heart was too full 
 to speak of the respect and love he felt for him. 
 
 Rev. E. Ferrier, president of the alumni society, was called upon 
 to respond for the alumni of Lafayette, and President Gilman, of 
 the University of California, for the educational institutions of the 
 Pacific coast, but the audience did not have the pleasure of listening 
 to these gentlemen, as the lateness of the hour had compelled them to 
 leave. President Gilman left a note for Dr. Cattell, in which he said : 
 
 "... Let me give you in script the congratulations which the crowd prevented 
 me from giving by mouth. Never saw I such an amount of popular interest in a 
 college; never so much sound theology in applause at so much sound science as 
 Dr. Raymond uttered. Verily it seemed, when you brought together a Westmin- 
 ster Synod and an Institute of Mining Engineers, as if righteousness and truth had 
 kissed each other!" 
 
 To a toast to the American Institute of Mining Engineers, David 
 Thomas, of Catasauqua, its first President and the Nestor of practi- 
 cal science in the Lehigh Valley, was called upon to respond. He 
 had been compelled to leave the room before this stage of the exer- 
 cises was reached, and the audience, by a unanimous and enthusiastic 
 vote, expressed their wish that Mr. Thomas would print the remarks 
 he would have made had he been present. 
 
 Among numerous letters and telegrams, some from distinguished 
 men and celebrated scholars, regretting their inability to be present, 
 and others from sister colleges sending their greetings, a letter was 
 read from Prof. Henry, of the Smithsonian Institution, in which the 
 great loss to the world by the death of the late Professor Coffin was 
 alluded to in touching terms. 
 
 The long metre doxology was sung, and at dusk the exercises were 
 closed with the benediction by Rev. Dr.. Hunt. 
 
 College Hill was gayer last night than it has ever been before. 
 The buildings were brilliantly illuminated. Lights flashed across the 
 campus, and the brilliant rays from lamps, stationed here and there, 
 made the winding path up the hill a pleasant walk. Pardee Hall, 
 with its numerous windows, presented a brilliant appearance. The 
 auditorium, and, indeed, the whole building, was filled by a throng 
 of ladies and gentlemen, who were there to offer their congratulations 
 to Mr. Pardee and President Cattell. The brilliant uniforms of the 
 Eastdn Greys added much to the poetry of the occasion. The Easton 
 
DEDICATION OF PARDEE HALL. 35 
 
 Band and the Ringgold Band, of Reading, were stationed, one on 
 the platform and the other in the music gallery of the auditorium, 
 and discoursed enlivening strains throughout the evening. The 
 assemblage was graced by the presence of a large number of eminent 
 individuals and learned scholars. The time was spent in conversation 
 and informal congratulation. It was not until a late hour that the 
 audience began to disperse, every one well pleased with the events 
 of the day. 
 
 A torch-light procession of the fire department, accompanied by 
 bands of music, marching through the streets of Easton, and visiting 
 the college grounds, where Mr. Pardee, appearing in front of the 
 hall, made one of his brief speeches, thanking them for their cour- 
 tesy, closed the exercises of the day. 
 
 The following also appeared in the Free Press, containing some 
 of the letters referred to in the foregoing report : 
 
 From Samuel D. Gross, M. D., LL. D., Professor in the Jefferson 
 Medical College, Phila. (formerly Professor at Lafayette) : 
 
 Philadelphia, Oct. 17, 1873. 
 
 President Cattell, Reverend and Dear Sir : I have the honor to acknow- 
 ledge, through the kindness of my friend Professor Green, the receipt of your letter 
 inviting me to be present at the dedication of Pardee Hall. It is a source of deep 
 regret to me that, in consequence of my official duties, it will not be in my power 
 to be with you on so interesting an occasion, to do honor to your institution, and 
 especially to the gentleman who has so munificently endowed it. Having been 
 early associated with Lafayette College, at the time when it was struggling for an 
 existence under the guardianship of the good and noble-hearted Dr. Junkin, I have 
 never ceased to feel an interest in its prosperity ; and now that it is rearing its head 
 aloft among the sister colleges of the country, I feel not a little pride in the success 
 which it has achieved under its different administrations. To none of its Presi- 
 dents is the college so much indebted for this result as to yourself, and I trust in 
 God that you may long be spared to direct and guide its destinies. With the aid 
 of your distinguished colleagues, embracing some of the best minds in the country, 
 and of the munificent liberality of Mr. Pardee and others, the permanency of 
 Lafayette College is no longer a matter of doubt or cavil ; nor is it difficult to 
 foresee the influence which the institution is destined to exert upon the literary taste, 
 the scholarship and the scientific attainment of the young men of the United States, 
 and through them upon the country at large. 
 
 Thanking you most cordially for your invitation, I have the honor to be, 
 Very truly, etc., your friend and obedient servant, 
 
 S. D. GROSS. 
 
 From Rev. James C. Moffat, D.D., Professor in the Theological 
 Seminary, Princeton, N. J. (formerly Professor at Lafayette) : 
 
$6 APPENDIX. 
 
 EASTON, Oct. 21, 1873. 
 
 Rev. W. C. Cattell, My Dear Sir: Through the Rev. Dr. McGill and my- 
 self, who are both here present, the Faculty of the Theological Seminary of Prince- 
 lion present their greeting to yourself and the Faculty of Lafayette College, on the 
 momentous occasion of opening Pardee Hall. We cordially congratulate you 
 upon an event so auspicious to the college with which it is connected, and to the 
 cause of education. 
 
 As for myself, I should probably have been here on my own account, as usual on 
 your special occasions ; but on this, I am sent. " You will appear there," said Dr. 
 Hodge to me, «« as one of their old professors, but we want you now to represent 
 us, and carry to Lafayette College the salutations of Princeton." 
 
 I think this may be looked on as the hand of theology fraternally extended to 
 science. We hail as a fellow-worker every true and earnest laborer in the mines 
 of truth. Theology has its relations to every other branch of human knowledge. 
 
 With admiration for the gratifying success of Lafayette College under your 
 administration, and most hearty wishes that, with the blessing of God, it may long 
 continue, I remain, yours very truly, 
 
 JAMES C. MOFFAT. 
 
 From the College at Princeton, letters were also received- from 
 President McCosh and several of the professors, all sending their 
 congratulations, and regretting their inability to be present. We 
 print the letter from Dr. Atwater, one of the foremost metaphy- 
 sicians of the age, and whose visit to Lafayette last summer is still 
 remembered with peculiar pleasure by all who had the pleasure of 
 meeting and hearing him : 
 
 College of New Jersey, Oct. 12, 1873. 
 
 Rev. Dr. Cattell, My Dear Sir : It is a matter of extreme regret that I rind 
 myself prevented, by engagements which I cannot escape nor shift to any other day, 
 from attending the dedication of Pardee Hall, to which you have done me the 
 honor to invite me. I may nevertheless avail myself of the opportunity which this 
 note affords, to congratulate you on this further great advance in the progress of* 
 the college under your administration, the trustees, faculty and friends of the insti- 
 tution, on the high rank it is so rapidly taking among our seats of learning; and 
 above all, your noble benefactor, Mr. Pardee, that it has pleased God, not only to 
 give him the wealth requisite for rearing so grand a structure, but what is still more 
 precious, the heart to use it for such worthy ends. All honor to him and such as he. 
 Be assured, my dear sir, that the pleasure of giving this expression to my feelings, 
 is only less than I should experience could I be present to express them in person. 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 LYMAN H. ATWATER. 
 
 Of the Pennsylvania colleges, Lehigh University was represented 
 by President Coppee, Muhlenburg College by President Muhlenburg, 
 and Swarthmore College by President Magill. The others sent their 
 greetings by letter or telegram. 
 
 President Woods, of the Western University, of Pittsburg, writes : 
 
DEDICATION OF PARDEE HALL. 2>7 
 
 "... The occasion will be one of interest not only to you, but to every lover 
 of learning in the State. Your success is the success of education ; your elevation 
 will tend to elevate all higher institutions; generosity to you will awaken gene- 
 rosity to other colleges. We rejoice that so noble a building is to be transferred 
 to you." 
 
 President Loomis, of the University at Lewisburg : 
 
 "... We rejoice with you. We appreciate the service which, with the new 
 means now at your disposal, you will be able to render to science and to the young 
 men who will be gathered into your institution. They have already received ad- 
 vantages of a high order. They will be hereafter such as are not likely to be 
 surpassed by any other institution in the country. 
 
 " We appreciate, too, the munificence of the man from whom the princely dona- 
 tion comes. The men of wealth among us have not been tardy in responding to 
 calls upon their liberality in behalf of eleemosynary institutions, but they have not 
 in all cases chosen wisely the objects of their favor. We desire to express our 
 high sense of the wisdom of the selection which has in this case been made, and 
 with it the hope that his example may stimulate others of similar means to extend 
 their benefactions to similar educational needs." 
 
 The following telegram from President Hays, of Washington and 
 Jefferson College, was read amid great applause: 
 
 Washington, Pa., Oct. 21, 1873. — Washington and Jefferson College tenders 
 her kindest congratulations to her sister college on this, the day of our common 
 rejoicing, and prays, as you lay a cap-stone and we a corner-stone, God's blessing 
 may be upon us, both, in our work for our commonwealth and the woi^d. 
 
 Congratulatory letters, with expressions of regret at not having 
 been able to attend, were received from Provost Stille, of the Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania; President Loomis, of Allegheny College; 
 President Colder, of the Agricultural College ; President Gummere, 
 of Haverford College; President Valentine, of Gettysburg College; 
 President McCauley, Dickinson College; President Jeffers, West- 
 minster ; President Nevin, Franklin and Marshall ; and President 
 Higbee, Mercersburg. 
 
 Numerous letters were also received from the presidents of col- 
 leges in other States. Chancellor Crosby, of the University of the 
 City of New York, sent in his letter the following sentiment, which 
 was received with prolonged cheering : 
 
 " Mr. Pardee : He who establishes an institution of education builds a fortress 
 for the preservation of the country's liberties." 
 
 President Smith, of Dartmouth College, writes : 
 
 " . . . I cannot forbear to congratulate you on the evident favor of Divine 
 Providence to Lafayette College, and on the liberality under that Providence, of 
 such noble men as Mr. Pardee. He may well say, 
 
 "Exegi monumentum cere perennius" 
 
38 APPENDIX. 
 
 " I would there were many more such friends of Christian education. They 
 touch not — like some noisy philanthropists — the mere surface of things, but the 
 deep foundations. They build for many generations, and many generations shall 
 rise up and call them blessed. I would go a weary journey to take the hand of 
 Mr. Pardee, and tell him how men, afar as well as near, appreciate his well-con- 
 sidered munificence." 
 
 President White, of Cornell University : 
 
 " . . . As we are in the midst of our first term and under much pressure 
 of university duties, it is exceedingly doubtful whether any of us can be present 
 with you on that occasion. But we send none the less our hearty congratulations 
 to you, and join in the thanks which will be earnestly expressed on that day to 
 Mr. Pardee for his munificent gift, which is a benefit not merely to your institution, 
 but to the whole country." 
 
 President Chadbourne, of Williams College : 
 
 " . . . We avail ourselves of the occasion to express our gratification at 
 the great success of Lafayette College in the good work of sound education, and 
 especially to congratulate you on this munificent donation, so valuable to you in 
 your work, so honorable to the liberal giver." 
 
 President Stearns, of Amherst College : 
 
 ". . . Pardee Hall, with its uses, as appointed, is certainly a grand gift 
 and additionto your college. I rejoice with you, and congratulate the donor on 
 his possessing that nobleness of heart which has induced the munificence. Men 
 of means are not always men of generous ways. But when we find men of this 
 character, we may thank God not only for their gifts, but still more for the manhood 
 which induces the gifts." 
 
 President Fairchild, of Oberlin College : 
 
 "... We are glad to add our congratulations to those of many others 
 upon this evidence of your enlargement and prosperity. May Pardee Hall long 
 stand an honor to its founder and to Lafayette College and a blessing to many 
 generations." 
 
 Similar congratulations and expressions of fraternal feeling and 
 good-will were received from President Porter, of Yale ; President 
 Eliot, of Harvard ; President Angell, of Michigan University j the 
 Faculty of Washington and Lee College, Virginia; President Cum- 
 mings, of Wesleyan University; President Brown, of Hamilton; 
 President Hodge, of Madison University; President Robinson, of 
 Brown University; President Purnell, of Delaware College; Presi- 
 dent Potter, of Union College ; Chancellor Winchell, of the Syra- 
 cuse University, and others. 
 
DEDICATION OF PARDEE HALL. 39 
 
 RESOLUTIONS. 
 
 Resolutions of the Borough Council of Easton, Passed 
 Oct. 3, 1873. 
 
 Resolved, That Council accept the invitation of the authorities of Lafayette Col- 
 lege to attend the exercises connected with the opening and dedication of Pardee 
 Hall, and will gladly avail themselves of the opportunity to testify their appreciation 
 of the great value of Lafayette College to the country at large, and especially to 
 this town and neighborhood ; and also to give some expression of their gratitude 
 to Mr. Pardee, through whose munificence the Scientific Department has been 
 endowed and this noble building erected for its use. 
 
 Resolved, That our citizens be recommended to close their places of business in 
 the afternoon of the day of the ceremonies, to join in a procession to receive Mr. 
 Pardee, the Trustees of the College, and other distinguished visitors, and to attend 
 the exercises upon College Hill, at the opening of the new Hall. 
 
 Resolved, That a committee be appointed in connection with a committee of our 
 citizens to confer with Mr. Pardee to ascertain whether it will be agreeable to him 
 on the evening of October 21st, to receive the citizens of Easton, who desire on 
 that occasion to call upon him and testify their respect for him and their appreciation 
 of the noble gifts made by him to the College, which have secured the permanence, 
 usefulness and efficiency for all time to come of an institution which gives such 
 certain promise of blessing to our whole country, by affording to our young men 
 of all classes the opportunity of securing at a moderate expense a most thorough, 
 practical education, qualifying them to fill with honor and usefulness the various 
 positions in life they may be called upon to occupy. 
 
 Resolutions of the School-Board of Easton, Passed 
 Oct. 3, 1873. 
 
 Resolved, That this Board, appreciating the eminence Lafayette College has at- 
 tained among the highest institutions of the country, and believing that the occa- 
 sion, in which it is asked to participate, should be made worthy of the munificent 
 gift of Mr. Pardee, as well as promotive of the further reputation and influence 
 of the college and of all our educational institutions, hereby accept the invitation 
 proposed. 
 
 Resolved, That as the Board of Control, representing the school interests of the 
 borough and recognizing the intimate relations existing between all departments 
 of popular education, we take pleasure and pride in the marked growth of the col- 
 lege, and especially in the enlarged and multiplied facilities for the prosecution of 
 a technical or scientific course, thus inviting and offering a more efficient prepara- 
 tion to young men for the varied industrial pursuits of life.. 
 
 Resolved, That in its Faculty of twenty-eight Professors and Tutors, its enlarged 
 classes, its flattering prosperity and its widening fame, we see an augury of still 
 
40 APPENDIX. 
 
 greater progress in the future, plainly indicating that it will soon he one of the 
 first American institutions, embracing in its wide range of instruction every qualifi- 
 cation for professional practical life and every resource for private culture or public 
 usefulness. * * " 
 
 Resolved, That we regard the Pardee Hall a grand memorial of wise and un- 
 selfish beneficence, claiming our public and recorded thanks to the generous donor 
 for so liberal an expenditure in so vital and general an interest. 
 
 Resolved, That on the afternoon of Tuesday, October 21, the public schools be 
 closed, and the teachers of the same, with the pupils of the High School, meet at 
 I o'clock at this office, to join the Board of Control in the general procession. 
 
 Resolutions of the Synod of Philadelphia, Passed 
 Oct. 19, 1873. 
 
 Resolved, 1st. That we have heard with admiration and grateful interest, of the 
 signal munificence of Ario Pardee, Esq., in the erection and furnishing of a build- 
 ing for the Scientific Department of Lafayette College, so magnificent in its pro- 
 portions, so complete in its appointments, and so admirably fitted for the use of one 
 of the most important institutions in our land. 
 
 2d. That as Representatives of the Church we offer to Mr. Pardee our heart- 
 felt thanks for this and all his previous benefactions for the College : and we pray 
 that the blessing of Him who " loveth a cheerful giver " may be richly manifested 
 in all his experience. 
 
 3d. That we rejoice in this new evidence of the prosperity of that Institution 
 which has been planted in the interests of our beloved Church, and the benign in- 
 fluence of which is being more and more widely felt throughout the Christian 
 world. 
 
 4th. That we congratulate our Brother, President CatTELL, on the marked 
 success which has crowned his self-denying and courageous efforts for the enlarge- 
 ment and permanent endowment of this Institution, and that we extend to him and 
 his able colleagues in the faculty, the assurance of our best wishes and prayers for 
 their long life and prosperity in the good work in which they are engaged. 
 
 5th. That we accept the invitation to attend the dedication of Pardee Hall, on 
 Tuesday next : and that our special thanks are due to the North Pennsylvania and 
 Lehigh Valley Railroad Companies, for the facilities they have extended. 
 
L