THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 PRESENTED BY 
 
 PROF. CHARLES A. KOFOID AND 
 MRS. PRUDENCE W. KOFOID 
 
a? 
 
 ,-7 
 
THE 
 
 POCKET ANATOMIST: 
 
 BEING A SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF THE 
 
 MUSCLES ; 
 
 ARTERIES AND NERVES. 
 
 CONCORDANT 
 
 WITH "THE DUBLIN DISSECTOR," AND 
 "HARRISON ON THE ARTERIES." 
 
 Third ^jgffc! Edition. 
 PHILADELPHtA: 
 
 JAMES KAY, JUN. AND BROTHER, 
 
 122 Chestnut Street. 
 
 1837. 
 
Anatomy is the real ground-work of all surgical 
 nee; and it has ever been found that half-anatomists 
 bungling practitioners 5 ignorance here, as it always 
 ;, gives confidence without power." 
 
 Printed by 
 
 James Kay, Jun. & Brother. 
 122 Chestnut Street. 
 
ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 AT the instance of several gentlemen, now studying 
 Medicine in the Jefferson College and the University of 
 Pennsylvania, the Publishers have been induced to issue 
 the following little book. It was written in Great Britain 
 as an accompaniment to two highly valuable and popular 
 Medical works ; the former of which, "THE DUBLIN 
 DISSECTOR," is well known here, and the latter, HAR- 
 RISON ON THE ARTERIES," it is understood, is now in 
 press in this country, with such additional matter as will 
 make it still more acceptable to the profession. 
 
 " THE POCKET ANATOMIST," it is hoped, will meet 
 with patronage from those gentlemen for whose benefit, 
 especially in their attendance in the Lecture Room of the 
 Anatomical Professor, it is now reprinted. 
 
 Philadelphia, January 1836. 
 
James Kay, Jun. fy Brother have 
 $ti -press. 
 
 I. 
 
 THE PHILADELPHIA PRACTICE OF MIDWIFE- 
 RY. By CHARES D. MEIGS, M.D., Lecturer on Mid- 
 wifery and the Diseases of Women and Children, &c. 
 In one handsome volume, post 8vo, with Engravings. 
 
 II. 
 
 THE ELEMENTS OF PHYSIOLOGY, PRECEDED BY 
 OUTLINES OF GENERAL ANATOMY. By JOHN BELL, 
 M.D., Lecturer on the Institutes of Medicine in the 
 Philadelphia Medical Institute, &c. In one handsome 
 volume, post 8vo, with Engravings. To match, in 
 size and binding, " The Philadelphia Practice of Mid- 
 wifery." 
 
THE 
 
 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 MUSCLES. 
 
 Occipito-frontalis. Origin, two external thirds 
 of superior transverse ridge of occipital bone, 
 external and posterior part of mastoid process. 
 Insertion, integuments of eye-brows. 
 
 Superior auris, or attollens aurem. O, cranial 
 aponeurosis. I, upper and anterior part of 
 cartilage of ear. 
 
 Anterior auris, or attrahens aurem. O, poste- 
 rior part of zygoma, and cranial aponeurosis. 
 I, anterior part of helix. 
 
 Posterior auris, or retrahens aurem. O, mas- 
 toid process. I, back part of concha. 
 
 Orbicularis palpebrarum. O, internal angular 
 process of os frontis, and upper edge of tendo 
 oculi. I, nasal process of superior maxilla, 
 and inferior edge of tendo oculi. 
 
 Tensor tarsi. 0, posterior edge of os unguis. 
 I, lachrymal ducts. 
 
 Corrugator supercilii. 0, internal angular pro- 
 cess of os frontis. I, middle of eye-brow. 
 
6 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 Pyramidalis nasi. 0, proceeds from occipito- 
 frontalis. I, compressor nasi. 
 
 Compressor nasi. 0, canine fossa, in superior 
 maxilla. I, dorsum of nose. 
 
 Levator labii superioris, alaeque nasi. 0, 1st, 
 upper extremity of nasal process of superior 
 maxilla ; 2d, edge of orbit. I, ala nasi, upper 
 lip, and orbicularis oris. 
 
 Zygomaticus minor. O, upper part of malar 
 bone. I, upper lip, near commissure. 
 
 Zygomaticus major. O, lower part of malar 
 bone. I, angle of mouth. 
 
 Levator anguli oris. O, canine fossa below 
 infra orbital foramen. I, commissure of lips, 
 and orbicularis oris. 
 
 Depressor labii superioris alaBque nasi. O, al- 
 veoli of canine and incisor teeth. I, integu- 
 ments of upper lip, and fibrocartilage of sep- 
 tum and ala nasi. 
 
 Depressor anguli oris. O, external oblique line 
 on outer side of lower jaw, from anterior edge 
 of masseter to mental foramen. J, commis- 
 sure of lips. 
 
 Depressor labii inferioris. O, side and front of 
 lower maxilla. I, half of lower lip, and orbi- 
 cularis oris. 
 
 Levator labii inferioris. O, alveoli of incisor 
 teeth. I, integuments of chin. 
 
 Orbicularis oris. Surrounds the opening of 
 mouth. 
 
 Buccinator. O, 1st, two last alveoli of superior 
 maxilla; 2d, external surface of posterior al- 
 veoli of lower maxilla; 3d, intermaxillary li- 
 gament. 1, commissure of lips. 
 
MUSCLES Head. 1 
 
 Masse ter, anterior portion. O, superior maxilla 
 where it joins the malar bone, and inferior 
 edge of the latter. I, outer surface of angle 
 of lower maxilla. Posterior portion ; O, edge 
 of malar bone and zygoma. I, external side 
 of angle and ramus of jaw. 
 
 Temporalis. O, all beneath semicircular ridge 
 on parietal bone, and temporal fossa and 
 fascia. I, coronoid process of inferior maxilla 
 to last malar teeth. 
 
 Pterygoideus internus. O, inner side of exter- 
 nal pterygoid plate and pterygoid process of 
 palate bone. I, inner side of angle of jaw and 
 rough surface above. 
 
 Pterygoideus externus. O, outer side of exter- 
 nal pterygoid plate, from crest on great wing 
 of sphenoid, and back part of tuberosity of 
 superior maxilla. I, anterior and internal 
 part of neck of lower jaw and interarticular 
 cartilage. 
 
 Platysma-myoides. O, cellular membrane cov- 
 ering upper part of deltoid and pectoral mus- 
 cles, and also from clavicle. I, 1st, chin; 2d, 
 fascia along the side of lower jaw; 3d, fascia 
 covering parotid. 
 
 Sterno-cleido mastoideus. O, upper and an- 
 terior part of first bone of sternum, and sternal 
 third (sometimes half) of clavicle. I, upper 
 part of mastoid process, and external third of 
 superior transverse ridge of occipital bone. 
 
 3terno-hyoideus. O, posterior surface of first 
 
8 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 bone of sternum, cartilage of first rib, sternal 
 end of clavicle, and sterno-clavicular capsule. 
 I, lower border of body of os hyoides. 
 
 Sterno-thyroideus. O, posterior surface of ster- 
 num, and cartilage of second rib. I, oblique 
 line on ala of thyroid cartilage. 
 
 Omo-hyoideus. O, superior costa of scapula 
 behind the semilunar notch, and from liga- 
 ment covering the notch ; sometimes from the 
 base of coracoid process, and occasionally 
 from acromial end of clavicle. I, into lower 
 border of os hyoides, at the junction of its 
 body and cornu. 
 
 Digastricus. O, groove in temporal bone in- 
 ternal to mastoid process. I, rough depres- 
 sion on inner side of base of jaw close to 
 symphysis. 
 
 Mylo-hyoideus. O, oblique line on inner sur- 
 face of side of maxilla. I, base of os hyoides 
 and middle tendinous line between that bone 
 and chin. 
 
 Genio-hyoideus. O, inner side of chin, above 
 digastric. I, base of os hyoides. 
 
 Hyo-glossus. O, cornu and body of oshycides. 
 I, side of tongue. 
 
 Gemo-hyo-glossus. O, eminence inside of chin, 
 beneath fraenum linguae. I, mesial line of 
 tongue from apex to base, and body and lesser 
 cornu of os hyoides. 
 
 Lingualis a fasciculus of fibres on the inferior 
 surface of tongue, running from base to apex. 
 
 Sty lo-hyoideus. O, outer side of styloid process, 
 near its base. I, cornu and body of os hyoi 
 
MUSCLES Neck. 9 
 
 des, and fascia connecting digastric tendon to 
 this bone. 
 
 Stylo-glossus. O, styloid process, near its 
 point, and stylo-maxillary ligament. I, side 
 of tongue. 
 
 Stylo-pharyngeus. O, back part of root of sty- 
 loid process. I, side of pharynx, cornu of os 
 hyoides, and thyroid cartilage. 
 
 Constrictor pharyngis inferior. O, side of cri- 
 coid cartilage, inferior cornu, and posterior 
 part of ala of thyroid cartilage. I, mesial line 
 on back of pharynx. 
 
 Constrictor pharyngis medius. O, cornu and 
 appendix of os hyoides, also from stylo-hyoid 
 and thyrohyoid ligaments. I, mesial line 
 and cuneiform process. 
 
 Constrictor pharyngis superior. O, petrous 
 bone, lower part of internal pterygoid plate 
 and hamular process, also fron intermaxillary 
 ligament, posterior third of mylohyoid ridge, 
 and side of base of tongue. I, cuneiform 
 process and middle line on back of pharynx. 
 
 Levator palati. O, petrous bone in front of 
 foramen caroticum, and behind eustachian 
 tube. I, broad, into velum. 
 
 Tensor palati vel circumflexus palati. O, de- 
 pression at root of internal pterygoid plate, 
 from spinous process of sphenoid, and fore- 
 
10 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 part of eustachian tube : turns round hamular 
 
 process, and expands on velum. 
 Motor uvulae. O ; posterior extremity of spine 
 
 of palate bones. I, cellular tissue of uvula. 
 Palato glossus vel constrictor isthmi faucium. 
 
 O, inferior surface of velum. I 7 side of 
 
 tongue. 
 
 Palato pharyngeus. O, inferior surface of pa- 
 late. I, side and back of pharynx and into 
 
 cornu of thyroid cartilage. 
 
 Thyro-hyoideus. O, oblique ridge on ala of 
 thyroid cartilage. I, low.er edge of cornu of 
 os hyoides. 
 
 Crico-thyroideus. O, forepart of cricoid car- 
 tilage. I, lower border of thyroid. 
 
 Thyro-arytenoideus. O, posterior surface of 
 thyroid cartilage. I, anterior edge of ary- 
 tenoid cartilage. 
 
 Crico-arytenoideus lateralis. O, upper edge of 
 side of cricoid cartilage. I. base of arytenoid. 
 
 Crico-arytenoideus posticus. O, depression on 
 posterior surface of cricoid. I, outside of base 
 of arytenoid cartilage. 
 
 Arytenoideus fills the interval between ary- 
 tenoid cartilages j oblique fibres run from apex 
 of one cartilage to the base of opposite ; trans- 
 verse fibres are attached to posterior surface 
 of each cartilage. 
 
11 
 
 DEEP MUSCLES OF NECK. 
 
 Longus colli. O, bodies of three superior dor- 
 sal, and four inferior cervical vertebrae, from 
 the intevertebral ligaments, also from the head 
 of the first rib and anterior tubercles of trans- 
 verse processes of four last cervical vertebrae. 
 I, forepart of 1st, 2d, and 3d cervical verte- 
 brae. 
 
 Rectus capitis anticus major. O, anterior tu- 
 bercles of transverse processes of four last 
 cervical vertebrae. I, cuneiform process. 
 
 Rectus capitis anticus minor. O, transverse 
 process of atlas. I, cuneiform process. 
 
 Rectus capitis lateralis. O, transverse process 
 of atlas. I, semilunar ridge or jugular process 
 of occipital bone. 
 
 Scalenus anticus. O, anterior tubercles of 
 transverse processes of 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th 
 cervical vertebrae. I, upper surface of first 
 rib, near cartilage. 
 
 Scalenus medius. O, posterior tubercles of 
 transverse processes of four or five inferior 
 cervical vertebrae. I, upper surface of 2d rib. 
 
 Scalenus posticus. 0, posterior tubercles of 
 two or three lower cervical vertebrae. I, up- 
 per edge of 2d rib between tubercle and angle . 
 
 Pectoralis major. O, sternal half of clavicle, 
 anterior surface of sternum, cartilages of 3d, 
 4th, 5th and 6th true ribs, and from aponeuro- 
 
12 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 sis common to it, and external oblique. I, 
 anterior edge of bicipital groove and fascia of 
 arm. 
 
 Pectoralis minor. O, external surface and up- 
 per edge of 3d, 4th, and 5th ribs, sometimes 
 from the 2d. I, inner and upper surface of 
 coracoid process. 
 
 Subclavius. O, cartilage of 1st rib. I, external 
 half of inferior surface of clavicle. 
 
 Serratus magnus. O, eight or nine superior 
 ribs. I, base of scapula. 
 
 22 Intercostales 11 external. O, inferior edge 
 of each rib commencing at transverse pro- 
 cesses of vertebrae. I, external lip of superior 
 edge of the rib beneath, going on to costal 
 extremity of cartilages. 11 internal. O, at 
 sternum from inner lip of lower edge of each 
 cartilage and rib, on to angle. I, inner lip 
 of superior edge of cartilage, and rib beneath. 
 
 Levatores costarum. 0, extremity of each dor- 
 sal transverse process. I, upper edge of rib 
 beneath, between tubercle and angle. 
 
 Triaiigularis sterni. O, posterior surface and 
 edge of lower part of sternum and xiphoid 
 cartilage. I, cartilages of 4th, 5th, and 6th 
 ribs. 
 
 Trapezius. O, internal third of superior trans- 
 verse ridge of occipital bone, ligamentum 
 nuchso, spinous processes of last cervical, and 
 all the dorsal vertebrae. I, external third of 
 
MUSCLES Back. 13 
 
 clavicle and of acromion process, also upper 
 edge of spine of scapula. 
 
 Latissimus dorsi. O, six inferior dorsal spines, 
 and by lumbar fascia from all the lumbar 
 spines, from back of sacrum, posterior third of 
 crest of ilium, and from three or four last 
 ribs. I, inner or posterior edge of bicipital 
 groove. 
 
 Rhomboideus minor. O, lower part of liga- 
 mentum nuchae, and last cervical spinous 
 process. I, base of scapula, opposite to, and 
 above the spine. Major. O, four or five su- 
 perior dorsal spines. I, base of scapula, from 
 spine to' inferior angle. 
 
 Levator anguli scapulae. O, posterior tubercles 
 of transverse processes of four or five superior 
 cervical vertebrae. I, base of scapula, be- 
 tween spine and superior angle. 
 
 Serratus posticus superior. O, ligamentum 
 nuchae, and from two or three dorsal spines. 
 I, second, third, and fourth ribs external to 
 their angles. 
 
 Serratus posticus inferior. O, two last dorsal, 
 and two upper lumbar spines. I, lower edge 
 of four inferior ribs anterior to their angles. 
 
 Splenius colli. O, spines of third, fourth, fifth, 
 and sixth dorsal vertebrae. I, transverse 
 processes of three or four superior cervical 
 vertebrae. Splenius capitis. O, spinous pro- 
 cesses of two superior dorsal and three inferior 
 cervical vertebrae, and from ligamentum 
 nuchee. I, back part of mastoid process, and 
 into occipital bone, below superior transverse 
 ridge. 
 
14 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 Sacro-lumbalis. O, posterior third of crest of 
 ilium, oblique and transverse processes of sa- 
 crum, sacro iliac ligaments, and from trans- 
 verse and oblique processes of lumbar vertebrae . 
 I, all the ribs near their angles. 
 
 Longissimus dor si. O, posterior surface of sa- 
 crum, transverse and oblique processes of 
 lumbar vertebrae. I, internally into all the 
 dorsal vertebrae, externally into all the ribs 
 between their tubercles and angles. 
 
 Spinalis dorsi. O, two superior lumbar and 
 three inferior dorsal spines. I, nine superior 
 dorsal spines. 
 
 Musculi accessorii. O, superior edge of each 
 rib. 1, tendons of sacro lumbalis. 
 
 Cervicalis descendens. O, by 4 or 5 tendons 
 from as many superior ribs between their tu- 
 bercles and angles. I, Transverse processes 
 of 4th, 5th, and 6th cervical vertebrae. 
 
 Transversalis colli. O, transverse processes of 
 five or six superior dorsal vertebral. I, trans- 
 verse processes of three or four inferior cer- 
 vical vertebrae. 
 
 Trachelo mastoideus. O, transverse processes 
 of 3 or 4 superior dorsal vertebrae and as many 
 inferior cervical. I, inner and back part of 
 mastoid process. 
 
 Complexus. O, transverse and oblique pro- 
 cesses of 3 or 4 inferior cervical, and 5 or 6 
 superior dorsal vertebrae. I, occipital bone 
 between the two transverse ridges close to its 
 fellow. 
 
 Spinalis colli. O, transverse processes of five 
 or six superior dorsal vertebrae. I, by four 
 
MUSCLES Back. 15 
 
 heads into spinous processes of second, third, 
 fourth, and fifth cervical vertebrae. 
 
 Semispinalis dorsi. O, by five or six tendons 
 from transverse processes of the dorsal verte- 
 bra? from the fifth to the eleventh. I, by five 
 or six tendons into the extremity of two in- 
 ferior cervical and three or four superior dor- 
 sal vertebrae . 
 
 Multifidus spinae. The first arises from spine 
 of dentatus, and is inserted into transverse 
 process of third, and so on to the last, which 
 arises from spine of last lumbar vertebra, and 
 is inserted into the false transverse process of 
 sacrum. 
 
 Interspinales are described by name. They 
 seem double in the neck. 
 
 Inter-transversales are attached and situated 
 as their name implies. 
 
 Rectus capitis major. O, spinous process of 
 second vertebra. I, inferior transverse occi- 
 pital ridge. 
 
 Rectus capitis posticus minor. O, posterior 
 part of atlas . I , occipital bone behind foramen 
 magnum. 
 
 Obliquus capitis inferior. O, spinous process of 
 second vertebra. I, extremity of transverse 
 process of atlas. 
 
 Obliquus capitis superior. O, upper part of 
 transverse process of atlas. I, occipital bone, 
 between its transverse ridges just behind the 
 mastoid process. 
 
16 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 UPPER EXTREMITY. 
 
 Shoulder and Arm,. 
 
 Deltoides. O, lower edge of spine of scapula, 
 anterior edge of acromion and external third 
 of clavicle. I, rough surface on outer side of 
 humerus. 
 
 Supraspinatus. O, all that portion of scapula 
 above its spine, and from fascia covering this 
 muscle. I, upper and forepart of great tube- 
 rosity of humerus. 
 
 Infraspinatus. O, inferior surface of the spine 
 of scapula and dorsum of this bone below this 
 process (as low as the posterior ridge, on the 
 inferior costa), also from the aponeurosis of 
 this muscle. I, middle of external tuberosity 
 of humerus. 
 
 Teres minor. O, depression between the two 
 ridges on inferior costa of scapula, from the 
 fascia covering it, and from ligamentous septa 
 enclosing it. I, inferior depression in great 
 tuberosity of humerus, 
 
 Subscapularis. O, all the surface and circum- 
 ference of subscapular fossa. I, small tuber- 
 cle of humerus. 
 
 Teres major. O, rough flat surface on inferior 
 angle of scapula, below infra spinatus. I, in- 
 ner or posterior edge of bicipital groove. 
 
 Coraco-brachialis. O, point of coracoid process, 
 and tendon of short head of biceps. I, inter- 
 nal side of humerus about the middle, and 
 ridge leading to internal condyle. 
 
MUSCLES Shoulder and Arm. , 17 
 
 Biceps short head. O,coracoid process. Long 
 head, O, upper part of glenoid ligament of 
 scapula. I, back part of tubercle of radius. 
 
 Brachialis anticus, or externus. O, centre of 
 humerus by two fleshy slips, one on either side 
 insertion of deltoid, from forepart of bone 
 down to condyles, and as far as intermuscular 
 ligaments. I, coronoid process of ulna and 
 rough surface beneath that process. 
 
 Triceps extensor cubiti long, or middle head. 
 O, lower part of neck of scapula and anterior 
 portion of inferior costa; external, or 2d 
 head. O, below insertion of teres minor from 
 a ridge on the outer side of humerus, and from 
 the bone behind this ridge, from mtermuscu- 
 lar ligament, and from external condyle 
 third, or short head. O, below insertion of 
 teres major, ridge leading to internal condyle, 
 and internal intermuscular ligament. I, ole- 
 cranon process. 
 
 Fore-Arm and Hand. 
 
 Palmaris brevis. 0, annular ligament and pal- 
 mar fascia. I, integuments on inner side of 
 palm of hand. 
 
 Pronator radii teres. O, anterior part of internal 
 condyle, fascia of fore arm, and its intermus- 
 cular septa and coronoid process of ulna. I, 
 outer and back part of radius about its centre. 
 
 Flexor carpi radialis. O, inner condyle and 
 intermuscular septa. I, base of metacarpal 
 bone of index finger. 
 
 Palmaris longus. O, inner condyle, and fascia 
 
18 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 of forearm. I, near root of thumb into an- 
 nular ligament and palmar aponeurosis. 
 
 Flexor carpi ulnaris. O, inner condyle, inner 
 side of olecranon process, inner edge of near 
 whole length of ulna, and fascia of forearm. 
 I, pisiform bone and base of fifth metacarpal 
 bone. 
 
 Flexor digitorum sublimis perforatus. O, in- 
 ternal condyle, internal lateral ligament, co 
 ronoid process, and radius below its tubercle. 
 I, anterior part of second phalanx. 
 
 Flexor digitorum profuiidus perforans. O, 
 three superior fourths of anterior surface of 
 ulna, internal half of interosseous ligament, 
 sometimes from radius below tubercle. I, 
 last phalanx of each finger. 
 
 Flexor pollicis longus. 0, forepart of radius 
 below tubercle to within two inches of carpus, 
 sometimes from coronoid process. I, last 
 phalanx of thumb. 
 
 Pronator quadratus. O, inferior fifth of anterior 
 surface of ulna. I, anterior part of inferior 
 fourth of radius. 
 
 Supinator radii longus. O, external ridge of 
 hurnerus from below deltoid to within two 
 inches of outer condyle, also from intermus- 
 cular ligament. I, rough surface on outside 
 of radius near styloid process. 
 
 Extensor carpi radialis longus. O, ridge of 
 humerus between supinator longus and ex- 
 ternal condyle. I, back part of carpal end of 
 metacarpal bone of index finger. 
 
 Extensor carpi radialis brevis. O, inferior and 
 posterior part of external condyle and external 
 
MUSCLES Fore-Arm and Hand. 19 
 
 lateral ligament. I, carpal extremity of the 
 third metacarpal bone. 
 
 Extensor digitorum communis. O, external 
 condyle, the fascia, and its intermuscular pro- 
 cesses and from ulna. I, phalanges of four 
 fingers. 
 
 Extensor carpi ulnaris. O, external condyle 
 fascia and intermuscular septa, also from ul- 
 na. I, carpal end of fifth metacarpal bone. 
 
 Anconceus. O, external condyle at posterior 
 and inferior part. I, external surface of the 
 olecranon and superior fifth of posterior sur- 
 face of ulna. 
 
 Extensor minimi digiti. O, in common with 
 the last. I, posterior part of the phalanges of 
 little finger. 
 
 Supinator radii brevis. O, external condyle, 
 external lateral and coronary ligaments, and 
 ridge on outer side of ulna, which commences 
 below its lesser sigmoid cavity. I, upper 
 third of external and anterior surface of this 
 bone from above its tubercle to insertion of 
 pronator teres. 
 
 Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis, or abductor 
 pollicis. O, middle of posterior part of ulna 
 below anconaeus, interosseous ligament and 
 posterior surface of radius, below supinator 
 brevis. I, os trapezium, and upper and back 
 part of metacarpal bone of thumb. 
 
 Extensor primi internodii pollicis., or extensor 
 minor. O, back part of ulna below its middle, 
 and from interosseous ligament and radius. 
 I, posterior part of first phalanx, and often 
 into second. 
 
20 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 Extensor secundi internodii pollicis, or extensor 
 major. O, posterior surface of ulna above its 
 centre and interosseous membrane. I, pos- 
 terior part of last phalanx. 
 
 Extensor indicis, or indicator. O, middle of 
 posterior surface of ulna and interosseous 
 membrane. I, 2d and 3d phalanges. 
 
 Abductor pollicis. 0, anterior part of annular 
 ligament, os naviculare and trapezium. I, 
 outside of base of first phalanx, and by an ex- 
 pansion into both phalanges. 
 
 Opponens pollicis, or flexor ossis metacarpi. 
 O, annular ligament and os naviculare. I, an- 
 terior extremity of metacarpal bone of thumb. 
 
 Flexor pollicis brevis. O, external or anterior 
 head, from inside of annular ligament, and 
 from trapeziufm and scaphoid bones. I, ex- 
 ternal sesamoid bone and base of 1st phalanx 
 of thumb ; 2d head, or internal or posterior, 
 arises from os magnum and base of metacar- 
 pal bone of middle finger. I, internal sesa- 
 moid bone and base of first phalanx. 
 
 Adductor pollicis. O, three-fourths of anterior 
 surface of third metacarpal bone. I, inner 
 side of the root of first phalanx of thumb. 
 
 Abductor indicis. O, metacarpal bone of fore- 
 finger, and one half of that of thumb. I, outer 
 side of base of first phalanx. 
 
 Lumbricales. O, outer side of the tendons of 
 the flexor profundus near carpus, a little be- 
 yond annular ligament. I, middle of first 
 phalanx into tendinous expansion covering 
 
 back of each finger. 
 
 ger. 
 digiti. O, 
 
 Abductor minimi digiti. O, annular ligament 
 
MUSCLES Fore-Arm and Hand. 21 
 
 and pisiform bone. I, ulnar side of first pha- 
 lanx. 
 
 Flexor brevis minimi digiti. O, annular liga- 
 ment and unciform bone. I, base of first pha- 
 lanx of little finger. 
 
 Adductor, or opponens minimi digiti. 0, in- 
 ternal to last and overlapped by it. I, all the 
 metacarpal bone of this finger. 
 
 The four Interossei antici, or interni or pal- 
 mares. O, sides of metacarpal bones. I, first 
 phalanges and tendinous expansion covering 
 dorsum of each finger, viz. first, or prior or 
 externus indicis. O, radial side of second 
 metacarpal bone. I, external side of first 
 phalanx of forefinger Second, or posterior, 
 or internus or adductor indicis. O, ulnar si.de t 
 of second metacarpal bone. I, inner side q?; 
 first phalanx of forefinger Third, or prior or 
 externus or adductor annularis. 0, radial 
 side of fourth metacarpal bone. I, external 
 side of first phalanx of ring finger Fourth, or 
 abductor minimi digiti. O, radial side of fifth 
 metacarpal bone. I, outside of first phalanx 
 of little finger. 
 
 Posterior interossei. 0, opposed sides of two 
 metacarpal bones. I, base of first phalanx of 
 each finger and posterior tendinous expansion 
 First, prior or externus medii. 0, second 
 and third metacarpal bones. I, outer side of 
 the base of the first phalanx of middle finger 
 Second, or externus medii, situated between 
 metacarpal bones of middle and ring finger. 
 I, innerside of first phalanx of middle finger 
 Third, or externus annularis, is between fourth 
 
POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 and fifth metacarpal bones. I, inner side of 
 ring finger. 
 
 Obliquus externus, or descendens. O ? eight or 
 nine inferior ribs at a little distance from their 
 cartilages. I, ensiform cartilage, linea alba, 
 pubis, Poupart's ligament, and two anterior 
 thirds of crest of ilium. 
 
 Obliquus internus, or ascendens. O, facia lum- 
 borum, all the crest of ilium, and external 
 third or fourth of Poupart's ligament. I, car- 
 tilages of seven inferior ribs, ensiform carti- 
 lage and whole length of linea alba, and by 
 conjoined tendons to symphysis and upper 
 edge of pubis, and into linea innominata. 
 
 Cremaster. O, internal surface of external 
 third of Poupart's ligament, and from lower 
 edge of obliquus internus, and sometimes 
 from transversalis (frequently having a ten- 
 dinous attachment to pubis). I, tunica vagi- 
 nalis. A few fibres are lost in scrotum. 
 
 Transversalis. O, fascia lumborum, crest of 
 ilium, iliac third of Poupart's ligament, seven 
 lower ribs. I, along with obliquus internus 
 into whole length of linea alba, upper edge 
 of pubis and linea innominata. 
 
 Rectus. O, upper and anterior part of pubis. 
 I, by internal fasciculus to ensiform cartilage, 
 and costo xiphoid ligament, by the middle to 
 cartilage of sixth rib, and by external to car- 
 tilage of fifth rib. 
 
MUSCLES Abdomen. 23 
 
 Pyramidalis. O,pubis. I ,linea alba, half-way 
 to umbilicus. 
 
 Diaphragm first, superior or true diaphragm. 
 O, posterior surface of xiphoid cartilage, in- 
 ternal surface of cartilages of last true, and 
 all the false ribs from external or false liga- 
 mentum arcuatum, and from convex edge of 
 true ligamentum arcuatum. I, cordiform or 
 central tendon, which tendon is divided into 
 anterior, right and left portions ; the first the 
 largest, the last the smallest. Second, Infe- 
 rior portion, or appendices or crura. 0, right 
 crus, from forepart of bodies of four first lum- 
 bar vertebrae; left crus, from sides of two or 
 three first lumbar vertebrae. I, posterior bor- 
 der of cordiform tendon. 
 
 Quadratus lumborum. 0, posterior fourth of 
 spine of ilium aud ilio-lumbar ligament. 1, 
 extremity of transverse processes of four first 
 lumbar vertebrae, and of last dorsal, also into 
 internal surface of posterior half of last rib. 
 
 Psoas parvus. O, side of last dorsal, and first 
 lumbar vertebra. I , linea ileo-pectincea, fascia 
 iliaca, and fascia lata, behind femoral vessels. 
 
 Psoas magnus. 0, side of the body of two last 
 dorsal, and bodies, and transverse processes 
 of all the lumbar vertebrae, and from inter- 
 vertebral ligaments. I, back part of lesser 
 trochanter and ridge below that process. 
 
 Iliacus internus. O, transverse process of last 
 lumbar vertebra, inner margin of three ante- 
 rior fourths of crest of ilium, two anterior 
 spinous processes, and intervening notch, 
 brim of acetabulum, capsular ligament, iliac 
 
24 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 fossa and iliac fascia. I, along with psoas 
 magnus, or rather into it; the inferior fibres 
 are inserted into anterior and inner surface of 
 femur below lesser trochanter. 
 
 MALE FERIN^EUM. 
 
 Sphincter ani. O, from aligamentous substance 
 extending from os coccygis to rectum. I, in 
 front of rectum into raphe and superficial 
 fascia, and common central point of perinseum. 
 
 Sphincter internus vel orbicularis encircles 
 lower extremity of rectum close to mucous 
 membrane. 
 
 Erector or compressor penis. O, inner surface 
 of tuber ischii, and from the insertion of great 
 or inferior sacro-sciatic ligament. I, fibrous 
 membrane of corpus cavernosum, or crus 
 penis. 
 
 Accelerator urinee, or ejaculator seminis. O, 
 1st, triangular or interosseous ligpjnent; 2d, 
 by abroad tendon common to opposite muscle, 
 and which lies above urethra, between it and 
 pubis ; 3d, more anteriorly, by a tendinous 
 expansion from the side of corpus cavernosum 
 penis. I, middle tendinous line or raphe of 
 perinseum. 
 
 Transversalis perinaei. O, inside of tuberosity 
 of ischium. I, central point of perinseum. 
 
 Levator ani. O, posterior part of symphysis 
 pubis, obturator fascia, ilium above thyroid 
 hole, inner surface of ischium, and spinous 
 process. I, the anterior or pubic fibres into 
 central point of perinaeum, and forepart of 
 
MUSCLES Male Perinceum. 25 
 
 rectum; the middle'fibres into side of rectum, 
 the posterior into back of rectum, and tendin- 
 ous raphe extending from rectum to os coc- 
 cygis and into the two last bones of coccyx. 
 
 Compressor ure three. O, by a tendon from in- 
 side of syrnphysis pubis, about one-eighth of 
 an inch above lower edge of arch. I, below 
 membranous portion of urethra, into a narrow 
 tendinous line which becomes lost in central 
 point of perineum. 
 
 Coccygeus. O, inner surface of spine of ischi- 
 um. I, extremity of sacrum and side of coc- 
 cyx. 
 
 INFERIOR EXTREMITY. 
 
 Forepart and Sides of Thigh. 
 
 Tensor vaginae femoris. O, anterior superior 
 spinous process of ilium, I, duplicature of 
 fascia lata on outer side of thigh, about three 
 inches below the great trochanter. 
 
 Sartorius. O, anterior superior spine of ilium 
 and notch below that process. I, upper end 
 of tibia, below tubercle. 
 
 Rectus femoris. O, anterior inferior spinous 
 process of ilium, superior and external border 
 of acetabulum and capsular ligament. I, up- 
 per edge of patella, and by a few fibres into 
 ligamentum patellae. 
 
 Vastus externus. O, root and anterior part of 
 great trochanter, outer edge of linea aspera, 
 oblique ridge leading to external condyle, all 
 the external surface of the bone, and from 
 
26 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 fascia lata. I, external surface of tendon of 
 rectus, side of patella, and head of tibia. 
 
 Vastus internus. O, anterior part of femur, 
 from the intertrochanteric line, all the inner 
 edge of linea aspera, and inner side of femur. 
 I, inner edge of tendon of rectus, patella and 
 head of tibia. 
 
 Crurseus. O, anterior and external part of fe- 
 mur, commencing at intertrochanteric line, 
 and extending along three fourths of bone as 
 far outwards as linea aspera. I, upper and 
 outer edge of patella, and synovial membrane 
 of knee. 
 
 Gracilis. O, lower half of symphysis and in- 
 ner edge of descending ramus of pubis. I, 
 superior part of internal surface of tibia. 
 
 Pectinseus. O, linea innominata on horizontal 
 ramus of pubis. I, rough ridge leading from 
 lesser trochanter to linea aspera. 
 
 Triceps adductor femoris. 
 
 1. Adductor longus. O, anterior surface of 
 pubis, between spine and symphysis. I, 
 middle third of linea aspera. 
 
 2. Adductor bre vis. O, anterior inferior sur- 
 face of pubis, between symphysis and thy- 
 roid hole. I, superior third of internal root 
 of linea aspera, extending three inches be- 
 low lesser trochanter. 
 
 3. Adductor magnus. O, anterior surface of 
 descending ramus of pubis,ramus of ischium , 
 and external border of tuberosity of ischium. 
 I, rough ridge leading from great trochanter 
 to linea aspera, linea aspera and internal 
 condyle of femur. 
 
GlutsBus maximus. O, posterior fifth of crest 
 of ilium, rough rurface between the crest and 
 superior semicircular ridge, posterior ilio sa- 
 cral ligaments, and lumbar fascia, tubercles on 
 posterior surface of sacrum, side of coccyx, 
 and great sciatic ligament. I, rough edge 
 leading from trochanter to linea aspera, upper 
 third of that line, and fascia lata. 
 
 Glutseus medius. O, deep surface of fascia, 
 extending from its anterior edge to the crest 
 of ilium, three anterior fourths of crest of ilium, 
 superior semicircular ridge leading from an- 
 terior spinous process of ilium to upper part 
 of sciatic notch, and surface of ilium above 
 and below that ridge. I, upper and outer part 
 of great trochanter. 
 
 Glutseus minimus. 0, inferior semicircular 
 ridge on dorsum of ilium, rough surface be- 
 tween it and edge of acetabulum. I, upper 
 and anterior part of great trochanter. 
 
 Pyriformis. O, anterior or concave surface of 
 2d, 3d, and 4th divisions of sacrum, and by a 
 few fibres from the anterior surface of the 
 great sciatic ligament, and from upper and 
 back part of ilium. I, upper part of digital 
 fossa, at the root of great trochanter. 
 
 Gemellus superior. O, spine of ischium. I, 
 upper part of digital fossa of great trochanter 
 along with obturator internus. 
 
 Gemellus inferior. O, upper part of tuber 
 
28 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 ischii, and great sciatic ligament. I, digital 
 fossa with the former. 
 
 Obturator internus. O, superior or pelvic sur- 
 face of obturator or thyroid ligament, all the 
 circumference of obturator foramen (except 
 where the nerve and vessels pass), and from 
 ligamentous arch beneath these, pubes inter- 
 nally, ischium inferiorly, and from a thin 
 strong fascia of some name, covering and se- 
 parating this muscle from levator ani. I, 
 digital fossa of great trochanter. 
 
 Quadratus femoris. 0, external surface of 
 tuber ischii. I, inferior and posterior part of 
 great trochanter, and posterior intertrochan- 
 teric line. 
 
 Obturator externus. 0, inferior surface of ob- 
 turator ligament, surrounding surface of pubis 
 and ischium. I, lower part of digital fossa. 
 
 BACK PART OF THIGH. 
 
 Biceps flexor cruris long head. O, outer and 
 back part of tuber ischii; short head, 0, linea 
 aspera from below insertion of glutasus maxi- 
 mus to within two inches of external condyle. 
 I, head of fibula. 
 
 Semitendinosus. 0, great tuberosity of ischi- 
 um, with long head of biceps, and from ten- 
 don of biceps for three inches. I, anterior 
 angle of tibia below tubercle. 
 
 Semimembranosus. O, upper and outer part of 
 tuber ischii. It divides into three processes, 
 one passing outwards, another downwards, 
 and a third forwards. First, is inserted into 
 
MUSCLES Back Part of Thigh. 29 
 
 external condyle of femur, and termed poste- 
 rior ligament of knee, or ligament of Win- 
 slow ; second, inserted into posterior part of 
 heads of tibia and fibula; third, into head of 
 tibia. 
 
 Anterior and External part of Leg. 
 
 Tibialis anticus. 0, outer part of two superior 
 thirds of tibia, head of fibula, inner half of 
 interosseous ligament, fascia of leg, and inter- 
 muscular septa. I, inner side of great cunei- 
 form bone, and base of first metatarsal bone. 
 
 Extensor digitorum longus. 0, external part 
 of head of tibia, head of fibula, and from about 
 3-4ths of this bone, part of interosseous liga- 
 ment, fascia of leg and intermuscular septa. 
 I, last phalanx of each of four external toes. 
 
 Extensor pollicis proprius. 0, inner edge of 
 middle third of fibula, interosseous ligament 
 nearly as low as ankle, lower part of tibia. 
 I, by two tendinous fasciculi, one into base 
 of first, and the other into base of second pha- 
 lanx of great toe. 
 
 Peronseus tertius, or anticus. 0, anterior sur- 
 face of lower half of fibula. I, base of fifth 
 metatarsal bone, and frequently sends a band 
 of fibres to join fourth tendon of extensor com- 
 munis. 
 
 Extensor digitorum brevis. 0, upper and an- 
 terior part of os calcis, cuboid bone, astragalus 
 and annular ligament. I, internal tendon 
 
30 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 into base of first phalanx of great toe, the three 
 others join outer edge of corresponding ten- 
 dons of extensor digitorum longus, to assist 
 in forming the aponeurosis which covers the 
 dorsum of each toe. 
 
 Outer part of Leg. 
 
 Peronseus longus. 0, around head of fibula, 
 adjacent surface of tibia, upper half of exter- 
 nal angle of fibula, fascia and intermuscular 
 septa. I, outer side of metatarsal bone of 
 great toe, and adjacent sesamoid bone, also 
 into internal cuneiform and base of 2d meta- 
 tarsal bone. 
 
 Peronaeus brevis. 0, outer and back part of 
 lower half of fibula, and from intermuscular 
 septa. I, base of metatarsal bone of little toe, 
 and into os cuboides. 
 
 Back of Leg. 
 
 Gastrocnemius. 0, internal head irom upper 
 and back part of internal condyle of femur, 
 and oblique ridge above it, the external from 
 above external condyle. I, lower and back 
 part of os calcis. 
 
 Plantaris. O, back part of femur above exter- 
 nal cpndyle, and from posterior ligament of 
 kne. I, posterior part of os calcis anterior 
 to tendo-achillis. 
 
 Salaeus. 0, external head, from back part of 
 head, and superior third of fibula, internal 
 head, from middle third of tibia, unites with 
 
MUSCLES Back of Leg. 31 
 
 gastroenemius to form tendo-achillis. I, lower 
 and back part of os calcis. 
 
 Poplitseus. 0, depression on outer condyle. I, 
 flat triangular surface, occupying superior 
 fifth of posterior surface of tibia. 
 
 Flexor digitorum perforans. 0, posterior flat 
 surface of tibia, from below poplitseus to 
 within three inches of ankle, from fascia and 
 intermuscular septa. I, last phalanx of each 
 of four lesser toes. 
 
 Tibialis posticus. 0, posterior and internal part 
 of fibula, upper part of tibia and almost entire 
 length of interosseous ligament. I, tuberosity 
 on inferior and internal part of os naviculare, 
 internal cuneiform bone, cuboid and second 
 and third metatarsal bones. 
 
 Flexor pollicis longus. 0, two inferior thirds 
 of fibula. I, last phalanx of great toe. 
 
 Abductor pollicis. 0, lower and inner part of 
 os calcis, internal annular ligament, plantar 
 aponeurosis, and internal intermuscular sep- 
 tum. I, internal sesamoidbone, and internal 
 side of base of first phalanx of great toe. 
 
 Flexor digitorum brevis perforatus. 0, inferior 
 and internal part of os calcis, internal annular 
 ligament, plantar aponeurosis, and intermus- 
 cular septa. I, second phalanx of four outer 
 toes. 
 
 Abductor minimi digiti. 0, outer side of os 
 calcis, strong ligament extending from this 
 to fifth metatarsal bone, base of the latter, 
 
32 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 plantar fascia, and its external intermuscular 
 septum. I, outer side of base of first phalanx 
 of little toe, and adjoining surface of meta- 
 tarsal bone. 
 
 Musculus accessorius. O, inferior and internal 
 part of os calcis. I, upper and outer part of 
 tendon of flexor digitorum longus just before 
 it divides. 
 
 Four Lurubricales. O, tendons of flexor digi- 
 torum longus. I, internal side of first phalanx 
 of four lesser toes. 
 
 Flexor pollicis brevis. O, lower and anterior 
 
 fart of os calcis and external cuneiform bone. 
 , sesamoid bones beneath first phalanx of 
 great toe. 
 
 Adductor pollicis. ? calcaneo cuboid ligament, 
 base of second and third metatarsal bones. I, 
 external sesamoid bone with the last. 
 Transversalis pedis. O, anterior extremities of 
 four external metatarsal bones. I, external 
 sesamoid bone of great toe. 
 Flexor brevis minimi digiti. O, Cuboid and 
 fifth metatarsal bone, and from the sheath of 
 perinseus longus tendon. I, inner side of 
 base of first phalanx of little toe. 
 Seven Interossei muscles. Three seen on sole, 
 
 and four on dorsum of foot. 
 Inferior are named interossei interni, or inferi- 
 
 ores. 
 
 1st, or adductor medii digiti, situated between 
 second and third metatarsal bones, O, 
 chiefly from inner side of latter bone. I, 
 inner side of first phalanx of third or middle 
 toe. 
 
MUSCLES Foot. 33 
 
 2d, or adductor quart! digit! . O, inner side 
 of fourth metatarsal bone. I, inner side of 
 first phalanx of fourth toe. 
 
 3d, Adductor minimi digiti. O, fifth meta- 
 tarsal bone. I, inner side of little toe. 
 Superior, or interossei externi, are bicipital 
 muscles. 
 
 ] st, Adductor digiti secundi. O, internal side 
 of second metatarsal bone, and from outer 
 side of first. I, inner side of base of first 
 phalanx of second toe. 
 
 2d, Abductor digiti secundi. O, opposite 
 surfaces of second and third metatarsal 
 bones. I, outer side of first phalanx of se- 
 cond toe. 
 
 3d, Abductor medii digiti. O, opposite sur- 
 faces of third and fourth metatarsal bones. 
 I, outer side of first phalanx of third or 
 middle toe. 
 
 4th, Abductor digiti quarti. O, opposite sur- 
 faces of fourth and fifth metatarsal bones. 
 I, outer side of first phalanx of fourth toe. 
 
 INTERNAL EAR AND BALL OF EYE. 
 
 Tympanum. 
 
 Stapedius. O, within the pyramid. I, neck of 
 the stapes. 
 
 Tensor tympani. O, in the canal in the petrous 
 bone above the Eustachian tube. I, into the 
 short process below the neck of the malleus. 
 
 Laxator tympani. O, spinous process of sphe- 
 noid bone, and from Eustachian tube. I, into 
 c 
 
34 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 processus gracilis of malleus, or process of 
 Raw. 
 
 Orbit. 
 
 Levator palpebras superioris. O, upper edge of 
 foramen opticum . I , superior border of tarsal 
 cartilage, and into superior palpebral sinus of 
 conjunctiva behind the palpebral ligament. 
 
 Obliquus superior. O, on the inner side of the 
 preceding. I, sclerotic coat between the su- 
 perior and external recti. 
 
 Obliquus inferior. O, orbital edge of superior 
 maxillary bone above infraorbital foramen. I, 
 sclerotic coat behind the transverse axis of eye, 
 and between sclerotic coat and external rectus. 
 
 Rectus superior vel attol- 
 lens oculi. 
 
 Rectus inferior v. depres- 
 sor oculi. 
 
 Rectus internus v. adduc- 
 tor oculi. 
 
 Rectus externus v. abduc- 
 tor oculi. 
 
 0, optic foramen, 
 the external being 
 also attached to 
 foramen lacerum. 
 
 1, behind cornea 
 about a quarter of 
 an inch. 
 
ARTERIES Arch of Aorta. 35 
 
 ARTERIES.* 
 
 Arch of Aorta. 
 
 i. Arteria coronaria dextra vel anterior. 
 
 1. Superior branch. 
 
 2. Inferior branch. 
 
 3. Posterior branch. 
 
 ii. Arteria coronaria sinistra v. posterior. 
 
 1. Superior branch. 
 
 2. Inferior branch. 
 in. Arteria innominata. 
 
 1. Middle thyroid artery. 
 
 2. Right common carotid artery. 
 A. External carotid artery. 
 
 a. Superior thyroid. 
 fit. Ramus hyoideus. 
 
 y8. Ramus superficialis. 
 y. Ramus laryngeus. 
 S. Ramus thyroideus. 
 
 b. Lingual artery. 
 
 et. Ramus hyoideus. 
 /8. Arteria dorsalis linguae. 
 y. Arteria sublingualis. 
 f . Arteria ranina. 
 
 c. Labial, fascial, or external maxillary. 
 A. Arteria palatina inferior. 
 
 yg. Arteria tonsillaris. 
 y. Arteriae glandulares. 
 
 * As described by Harrison. 
 
POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 cT. Arteria submentalis. 
 . Arteria labialis inferior. 
 g. Arteria coronaria inferior. 
 tt. Arterise massetericae. 
 6. Arteria coronaria superior. 
 /. Arteria iiasi lateralis. 
 x. Arteria angularis. 
 
 d. Sterno mastoid or muscular artery. 
 
 e. Occipital artery. 
 
 at. Posterior meningeal artery. 
 
 f. Posterior auricular artery. 
 A. Muscular branches. 
 
 yS. Branch to stylo-mastoid foramen. 
 y. Anterior branch to cartilage of ear. 
 J\ Posterior branch to side of cranium. 
 
 g. Ascending pharyngeal artery. 
 A. 3 or 4 Internal branches. 
 /3. External branches. 
 
 y. Branches to dura mater. 
 h. Transverse artery efface. 
 
 a. Ascending branches. 
 
 /3. Descending branches. 
 i. Temporal artery. 
 
 a. Arterise anteriores auris. 
 
 /3. Arteriae capsulares. 
 
 y. Arteria temporalis media. 
 
 j. Arteria temporalis posterior. 
 
 g. Arteria temporalis anterior. 
 k. Internal maxillary artery. 
 
 at. Arteria meningea media. 
 
 /8. Arteria dentalis vel maxillaris infe- 
 rior. 
 
 y. ArteriaB pterygoide83. 
 
 j. Arteries temporales profundse. 
 
 . Arterioa massetericte. 
 
ARTERIES Arch of Aorta. 37 
 
 . Arterise buccales. 
 . Arteria dentalis vel maxillaris su- 
 perior. 
 
 0. Arteria infra orbitalis. 
 /. Arteria palatina descendens. 
 x.. Arteria nasalis. 
 B. Internal carotid. 
 
 a & b. Arterioe receptaculi. 
 
 c. Arteria ophthalmica. 
 A. Arteria lachrymalis. 
 
 /3. Arteria centralis retinae. 
 
 y. Arteria supra orbitalis. 
 
 <f. Arteriae ciliares breves et longae. 
 
 s. Rami musculares. 
 
 t Anterior ciliary arteries. 
 <f. Arteria ethmoidalis. 
 H & . Arteria palpebralis superior and 
 
 inferior. 
 
 /, Arteria nasalis. 
 x. Arteria frontalis. 
 
 d. Arteria posterior communicans. 
 
 e. Arteria cerebri anterior. 
 
 a. Arteria communicans anterior. 
 $. Ramus inferior 
 7'. Ramus superior. 
 /. Arteria cerebri media. 
 A. Choroid artery, &c. 
 $. Superficial branch. 
 y. Deep branch. 
 3. Right subclavian. 
 A. Vertebral artery. 
 
 a. Arteria cerebelli inferior vel posterior. 
 & and c. Arterise medulla) spinalis posterior 
 
 et anterior. 
 h. Arteria basilaris. 
 
do POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 a. Arteria cerebelli anterior vel superior. 
 <t. Branch to meatus internus. 
 
 b. Arteria cerebri posterior. 
 B. Internal mammary artery. 
 
 a. 5 arterioe intercostales anteriores. 
 
 a. & &. Kami superiores and inferiores. 
 
 b. Arteriae mediastini. 
 
 c. Arteria comes nervi phrenici. 
 
 d. Arteria musculo phrenica. 
 
 . 6 anterior intercostal branches. 
 /3. Branches to diaphragm. 
 
 e. Ramus abdominalis. 
 c. Axis thyroideus. 
 
 a. Arteria thyroidea inferior vel ascen- 
 
 dens. 
 
 b. Arteria cervicalis ascendens. 
 
 c. Arteria supra scapularis vel transver- 
 
 salis humeri. 
 
 ct. Arteria acromialis superior. 
 /3. Arteria supra-spinalis. 
 y. Arteria infra-spinalis. 
 
 d. Arteria transversalis colli. 
 
 A. Arteria cervicalis superficialis. 
 ft. Arteria scapularis posterior. 
 
 D. Arteria cervicalis profunda. 
 
 E. Arteria intercostalis superior. 
 3. Axillary artery. 
 
 A. Arteria thoracica acromialis. 
 
 a. Pectoral branches. 
 
 b. Branches to shoulder. 
 
 c. Inferior acromial artery, &c. 
 
 B. Arteria thoracica suprema. 
 c . Arteria thoracica alaris. 
 
 D. Arteria thoracica longa vel mammaria 
 externa. 
 
ARTERIES Arch of Aorta. 39 
 
 JE. Arteria subscapularis, 
 
 a. Ramus anterior. 
 
 b. Ramus posterior, or arteria circum- 
 
 flexa scapulas. 
 A. Ramus ascendens vel arteria infra- 
 
 spinata. 
 fi. Ramus descendens. 
 
 F. Arteria circumflexa posterior. 
 
 G. Arteria circumflexa anterior. 
 3. Arteria brachialis. 
 
 A. Arteria profunda superior. 
 
 B. Arteria profunda inferior. 
 
 c. Arteria anastomotica magna. 
 
 D. Arteria nutritia humeri. 
 
 E. Arteria radialis. 
 
 a. Arteria radialis recurrens. 
 
 b. Arteria superficialis voice. 
 
 c. Arteria anterior carpi radialis. 
 
 d. Arteria dorsalis carpi radialis. 
 
 e. Arteria dorsalis pollicis radialis. 
 f. Arteria dorsalis pollicis ulnaris. 
 
 a. Arteria dorsalis indicis. 
 
 f. Arteria magna vel princeps pollicis 
 . Arteria radialis indicis. 
 i. Arteria palmaris profunda. 
 
 F. Arteria ulnaris. 
 
 a fy b. Arteria recurrens anterior and 
 
 posterior. 
 c. Arteria interossea. 
 
 at. Arteriae recurrentes anteriores. 
 $. Arteria interossea anterior, 
 t Anterior branch, 
 t Posterior branch. 
 y. Arteria interossea posterior. 
 
40 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 t Posterior interosseous, recurrent or 
 
 ascending. 
 
 t Descending branch. 
 Middle branches. 
 External branches. 
 Internal branches. 
 d & e. Arterioe carpi ulnaris anterior et 
 
 posterior. 
 
 /. Arteria communicans vel profunda. 
 g. Arteria palmaris superficialis. 
 iv. Left common carotid. 
 v. Left subclavian. 
 
 Thoracic Aorta. 
 
 i. Superior bronchial arteries. 
 
 ii. Inferior bronchial artery, or arteries. 
 
 in. Arteriae resophageae. 
 
 iv. Arteriae intercostales. 
 
 1. Posterior branches. 
 
 2 Anterior branches. 
 
 A. & B. Ascending and descending branches, 
 c & D. Superior and inferior branches. 
 
 Abdominal Aorta. 
 
 i. & n. Arterise phrenicae. 
 
 1. External branches. 
 
 2. Internal branches. 
 
 in. Arteria vel axis creliaca. 
 
 1. Arteria gastrica vel coronaria ventriculi. 
 
 A. Ramus superior. 
 
 B. Ramus inferior. 
 
 2. Arteria hepatica. 
 
 A. Arteria pylorica superior. 
 
ARTERIES Abdominal Aorta. 41 
 
 B. Arteria gastrica-duodenalis. 
 
 a. Arterice pyloricae inferiores. 
 
 b. Arteria pancreatica duodenalis. 
 
 c. Arteria gastro-epiploica dextra. 
 c . Arteria hepatica sinistra. 
 
 D. Arteria hepatica dextra. 
 a. Arteria cystica. 
 
 ft . To coats of gall bladder. 
 /3. To gall bladder and liver. 
 3. Arteria splenica. 
 
 A. Arteriae pancreaticae parvae. 
 
 B. Arteria pancreatica magna. 
 c. Vasa brevia. 
 
 D. Arteriae splenicse. 
 
 E. Arteria gastro-epiploica sinistra. 
 iv. Arteria mesenterica superior. 
 
 1. Branches to pancreas and duodenum. 
 
 2. Arteria colica media. 
 
 A. Right branch. 
 
 B. Left branch. 
 
 3. Arteria colica dextra. 
 
 A. Superior branch. 
 
 B. Inferior branch. 
 
 4. Arteria ileo-colica. 
 
 A. Superior branch. 
 
 B. Middle branch. 
 c. Inferior branch. 
 
 5. Branches to jejunum and ilium are 16 to 
 20. 
 
 v. & vi. Arteriae capsulares vel atrabiliariae. 
 vii. & vin. Arteriae renales vel emulgentes. 
 ix. & x. Arteriae spermaticae. 
 xi. Arteriae lumbales (5 on each side). 
 1. Spinal branches. 
 
42 POCKET ANATOMIST, 
 
 2. Posterior muscular branches. 
 
 3. External or abdominal branch, 
 xii. Arteria mesenterica inferior. 
 
 3 . Arteria colica sinistra. 
 
 A. Ascending branch. 
 
 B. Descending branch. 
 
 2. Arteria sigmoidea. 
 
 3. Arteria hsemorrhoidalis superior et interna. 
 xin. Arteria sacra media. 
 
 COMMON ILIAC ARTERY. 
 
 I. Internal iliac artery. 
 
 1. Ileo-lumbar artery. 
 
 A. Ascending branches. 
 
 B. Descending branches. 
 c. External branches. 
 
 2. Sacro-lateral artery. 
 
 3. Middle hsemorrhoidal artery. 
 
 4. Vesical arteries. 
 
 5. Umbilical artery. 
 
 6. Uterine artery. 
 
 7. Vaginal artery. 
 
 8. Thyroid or obturator artery. 
 
 A, Branches within the pelvis. 
 
 B. Posterior or external branch. 
 c. Anterior or internal branch. 
 
 9. Gluteal artery. 
 
 A. Superficial branch. 
 
 B. Deep branch. 
 
 a. Branch to substance of ileum, 
 
 b. Superior branches. 
 
 c. Middle branches. 
 
 d. Inferior or descending branches. 
 
ARTERIES Common Iliac. 43 
 
 10. Sciatic artery. 
 
 A. Coccygeal artery, 
 
 B. Comes nervi ischiadici. 
 c. Muscular branches. 
 
 11. Internal pubic artery. 
 
 A. External hsemorrhoidal arteries. 
 
 B. Perinseal artery. 
 
 c. Transverse artery of perinaeum. 
 
 D. Artery of the bulb vel spungiosi urethrre. 
 
 a. Branch to gland of Cowper. 
 
 b. Branch to corpus spungiosum. 
 
 E. Artery of corpus cavernosum. 
 
 F. Dorsal artery of penis. 
 ii. External iliac artery. 
 
 1. Epigastric artery. 
 
 2. Circumflex ilii artery. 
 n. Femoral artery. 
 
 1. Superficial epigastric artery. 
 
 2. Superficial or external pubic arteries, su- 
 
 perior and inferior. 
 
 3. Superficial circumflex ilii artery. 
 
 4. Arteria profunda femoris. 
 
 A. External circumflex artery. 
 
 a. Ascending branches. 
 
 b. Circumflex branches. 
 
 c. Descending branches. 
 
 B. Internal circumflex artery. 
 
 a. Branches to perineeum, &c. 
 
 b. Branch to acetabulum. 
 
 c. Superior branch to digital cavity of 
 
 trochanter. 
 
 d. Inferior branch. 
 
 c. Arteria perforans prima. 
 D. Perforans secunda, 
 
44 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 E. Perforans tertia. 
 
 F. Perforans quarta. 
 
 5. Arteria anastomotica magna. 
 n. Popliteal artery. 
 
 1. Kami musculares superiores. 
 
 2. Arteria articularis superior externa. 
 
 A. Superficial branch. 
 
 B. Deep branch. 
 
 3. Arteria articularis superior interna. 
 
 A. Superficial branches. 
 
 B. Deep branches. 
 
 4. Arteria articularis media vel azyga. 
 
 5. Arteria articularis inferior externa. 
 
 6. Arteria articularis inferior interna. 
 
 7. Kami musculares inferiores. 
 
 8. Posterior tibial artery. 
 
 A. Peronseal artery. 
 
 a. Anterior peronaeal artery. 
 
 b. Posterior peronaeal artery. 
 
 B. Internal plantar artery. 
 c. External plantar artery. 
 
 a. Perforating branches. 
 
 b. 4 digital arteries. 
 
 9. Anterior tibial artery. 
 
 A. Arteria recurrens. 
 
 B. Kami musculares. 
 
 c. Arteria malleolaris interna, 
 
 D. Arteria malleolaris externa. 
 
 E. Arteria tarsi. 
 
 F. Arteria metatarsi. 
 
 G. Ramus communicans. 
 H. Arteria pollicis, 
 
 PULMONARY ARTERY. 
 
NERVES Cerebral. 45 
 
 NERVES. 
 
 CEREBRAL NERVES. 
 
 i. Olfactory nerves. 
 
 1. Internal branches about 10 to septum. 
 
 2. Middle branches to the roof of each nostril. 
 
 3. External branches descend on turbinated 
 bones. 
 
 ii. Optic nerves become retina, which is divisi- 
 ble into three tunics, viz. serous, nervous, and 
 vascular. 
 
 in. Motores oculomm. 
 
 1. Superior branch or smaller. 
 
 A. Smaller division to superior rectus. 
 
 B. Larger division to levator palpebrae. 
 
 2. Inferior branch or larger. 
 
 A. A filament, which with ramus ciliaris of 
 
 the nasal branch of ophthalmic divi- 
 sion of the fifth pair, forms the 
 a. Lenticular or ophthalmic ganglion 
 between optic nerve and external 
 rectus. 
 
 et. Inferior ciliary fasciculus. 
 @. Superior ciliary fasciculus. 
 y. Internal ciliary fasciculus. 
 
 B. Internal branch to internal rectus. 
 c. Middle branch to inferior rectus. 
 
 D. External branch to inferior oblique. 
 
46 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 iv. Trochleator or pathetic to upper surface of 
 
 superior oblique. 
 v. Trigemini.* 
 
 Threads to unite with great intercostal. 
 
 1. Ophthalmic division. 
 
 A. Frontal nerve. 
 
 a. Small filament to unite with infra-tro- 
 chlear twig of nasal branch. 
 
 b. Supra-trochlear twig, and on passing 
 out of orbit becomes internal frontal 
 nerve. 
 
 c. Proper frontal. 
 
 B. Lachrymal nerve. 
 
 a. Mesial or internal twig to gland, up- 
 per eyelid, &c. 
 
 b. Exterior or temporal twig to join sub- 
 cutaneous of superior maxillary. 
 
 c. Nasal nerve. 
 
 a. Threads to third pair. 
 
 b. Ramus ciliaris, contributing to lenticu- 
 lar ganglion. 
 
 c. Infra-trochlearis passes out of orbit. 
 
 2. Superior maxillary nerve. 
 
 A. Malar or subcutaneous of cheek. 
 
 B. Infra-orbitary nerve. 
 
 a. Posterior dental nerve. 
 
 at. Anterior branch to buccinator mus- 
 cle. 
 
 /8. Posterior branch to prominence be- 
 hind superior maxilla, three posterior 
 teeth, &c. 
 
 * The trigemini are according to Professor Lizar's 
 description. 
 
NERVES Cerebral. 47 
 
 b. Anterior dental nerve to antrum, nose, 
 
 teeth, &c. 
 
 c. Ptery go-palatine, forms ganglion Mec- 
 kelii. 
 
 a. Palatine nerve. 
 
 <t. External palatine to velum palati, 
 
 &c. 
 fi. Superior posterior nasal nerves : a 
 
 branch from each side, uniting with 
 
 the termination of palatine forms 
 
 ganglion naso-palatinum at foramen 
 
 incisivum. 
 
 y. Inferior posterior nasal nerves. 
 <?. Branches to pterygoid muscles and 
 
 velum palati. 
 . Terminates in filaments to gums and 
 
 soft palate. 
 
 b. Pterygoid or Vidian nerve. 
 
 et. Posterior superior nasal nerves. 
 @. Petrosal branch first sends 
 
 t Branches to tensor tympani, and 
 joins fascial, afterwards is reflect- 
 ed and becomes 
 $. Chorda tympani. 
 
 t Twig to laxator tympani major, 
 and ultimately joins the gustatory 
 nerve. 
 
 y. Intercostal branch, to assist in form- 
 ing great intercostal with reflected 
 twigs of abducens. 
 3. Inferior maxillary nerve. 
 A. Superior branch. 
 
 a. Masseteric twig to muscles and arti- 
 culation of maxilla. 
 
48 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 b. Exterior deep temporal twig. 
 
 c. Internal deep temporal twig. 
 
 d. Superficial temporal or auricular to 
 articulation, and joins with fascial and 
 occipital of 2d cervical. 
 
 c. Buccinator twig is largest to surround- 
 ing parts. 
 
 /. Pterygoid nerve. 
 B. Inferior branch. 
 
 a. Mandibulo-labialis or inferior max- 
 illary. 
 
 et. Mylohyoideus branch. 
 I. Lingual branch joined by chorda tym- 
 
 pani. 
 vi. Abducens to ocular surface of external rec- 
 
 tus muscle. 
 vii. Portio dura, or fascial nerve. 
 
 1. Twigs to tensor tympani and stapedius. 
 
 2. Posterior auricular. 
 
 3. Stylohyoid nerve to digastric and stylohy- 
 oid muscles, and anastomosis with sym- 
 pathetic and glosso-pharyngeal nerves. 
 
 4. Submastoid nerves. 
 
 5. Temporo-fascial communicates with auri- 
 cular of inferior maxillary, and with cervi- 
 co-fascial, forming with the latter the pes 
 anserinus. 
 
 A. Temporal division. 
 
 B. Malar division. 
 c. Buccal division. 
 
 6. Cervico-fascial nerve. 
 
 A. Maxillary division unites with mental 
 nerve and temporo-fascial. 
 
 B. Submaxillary. 
 
NERVES Cerebral. 49 
 
 c. Cervical branches. 
 VM. Portio mollis, or auditory nerve. 
 
 1. Anterior branch to cochlea. 
 
 2. Posterior to vestibule and semicircular ca- 
 nals. 
 
 vm. Glosso-pharyngeal nerve, or 1st branch of 
 8th pair. 
 
 1 . Twigs to carotid plexus in cavernous sinus. 
 
 2. Filaments to fascial, pneumo-gastric, and 
 sympathetic nerves. 
 
 3. Branches to pharyngeal plexus, some de- 
 scend and unite with sympathetic and car- 
 diac nerves, others ascend to amygdala. 
 
 4. Branches to stylo-pharyngeus, nyo-glos- 
 sus, and superior and middle constrictors of 
 pharynx, mucous membrane of fauces, &c. 
 
 5. Branches to root of tongue. 
 
 viu. Pneumogastric nerve, or nervus vagus, or 
 2d branch of 8th pair. 
 
 1. Pharyngeal nerve, receives a twig from 
 
 spinal accessory. 
 
 A. Branches to assist in forming pharyngeal 
 plexus, &c. 
 
 2. Superior laryngeal nerve. 
 
 A. Filament to pharyngeal plexus (which 
 plexus sends branches to mucous mem- 
 brane of pharynx and fauces). 
 
 B. External division to sterno and hyothy- 
 roid muscles, &c. thyroid gland, and car 
 tilages of larynx. 
 
 c. Internal division perforates thyrohyoid 
 
 membrane. 
 
 a. Branches to epiglottis and mucous 
 membrane, &c. 
 
50 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 b. Long branch to crico-thyroid muscle. 
 
 D. Filaments to carotid artery, sympathetic 
 and cervical nerves. 
 
 E. Cardiac branches. 
 
 3. Inferior laryngeal nerve or recurrent. 
 
 A. Cardiac branches. 
 
 B. Branches to forepart of trachea and thy- 
 roid gland. 
 
 c. Branches to pharynx and laryngeal mus- 
 cles. 
 
 4. Pulmonary branches. 
 
 A. Anterior branches pass in front of bron- 
 chial tubes, and form the 
 
 a. Anterior pulmonary plexus. 
 
 a. Filaments to pulmonary vessels, 
 lungs, and pericardium. 
 
 B. Posterior branches to join posterior pul- 
 monary plexus. 
 
 5. Posterior pulmonic plexus, formed by the 
 
 vagus increasing at the root of each lung. 
 A. Filaments to bronchial tubes and sub- 
 stance of lungs. 
 
 GEsophageal plexus, or plexus gulce, is the 
 union and encircling of the opposite nerves 
 on the ffisophagus. 
 
 Cardiac plexus is their union on the stomach. 
 The left nerve is anterior on the stomach, 
 the right posterior. 
 
 viu. Nervus accessorius, or third branch of 8th 
 pair. 
 
 1. Filaments to sternomastoid and cervical 
 plexus. 
 
 2. Terminates in trapezius muscle and inte- 
 guments. 
 
NERVES Cerebral. 51 
 
 ix. Lingual, or 9th pair of nerves. 
 
 1. Branches to lingualis and genioglossus 
 muscle and tongue. 
 
 2. Descendens noni receives a filament from 
 pneumogastric and internal descending 
 branches of cervical plexus, forming a 
 triangular plexus which goes to omo and 
 sterno-hyoid and thyroid muscles, and sends 
 some filaments to the chest. 
 
 3. Filaments to constrictors of pharynx and 
 stylo-pharyngeus, and one to thyrohyoid 
 muscle. 
 
 4. On hyoglossus it sends branches to sur- 
 rounding muscles and gustatory branch of 
 5th pair. 
 
 5. Terminates in genio-hyoglossus. 
 
 SPINAL NERVES. 
 
 Eight Cervical Nerves and \st Dorsal. 
 
 i. Posterior branches are small, unless the 2d, 
 which accompanies the occipital artery, the 
 rest go to neighbouring muscles. 
 ii. Anterior branches; the first, or suboccipital, 
 twists round atlas to anterior branch of 
 second, and forms the 
 
 Nervous loop, or arch of atlas; the four supe- 
 rior form the 
 
 1. Cervical plexus, by uniting together, 
 A. Ascending branches. 
 , a. Superficial branches to platisma, in- 
 teguments, parotid, ear, back of head; 
 chief branch is superficial vel as- 
 
52 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 cendens colli, from third cervical to 
 parotid and accompanying external ju- 
 gular. 
 
 b. Deep branches to sterno-mastoid, di- 
 gastric, spleniusand adjacent muscles. 
 B. Descending branches. 
 
 a. Internal branches. 
 
 ex.. Superficial branch to join descen- 
 
 dens noni. 
 
 /8. Deep branch, or phrenic nerve, or 
 internal respiratory chiefly from 
 fourth cervical, often a filament from 
 brachial plexus. 
 
 t Branches to inferior cava, liver, 
 
 oesophagus, and stomach, 
 t Terminates on diaphragm. 
 
 b. External branches. 
 
 a. Superficial branches to clavicle, 
 acromion process, pectoral, and del- 
 toid muscles and integuments. 
 @. Deep branches descend behind cla- 
 vicle and supply muscles on side of 
 neck and those connected with sca- 
 pula ; the largest branch, named ex- 
 ternal respiratory, goes to serratus 
 magnus. 
 
 2. Brachial plexus, formed by the junction of 
 anterior branches of four inferior cervical 
 and 1st dorsal. 
 
 A. Thoracic nerves are four or five in num- 
 ber, and from upper part of plexus; 
 they divide into 
 
 a. Anterior thoracic branches, which de- 
 scend behind clavicle in front of axil- 
 
NERVES Spinal. 53 
 
 lary artery, and supply the pectoral 
 muscles. 
 
 b. Posterior thoracic nerves, pass behind 
 the vessels to serratus magnus, poste- 
 rior scalenus and rhomboid muscles. 
 B. Supra scapular nerve. 
 
 a. A branch to supra spinatus. 
 
 b. Branches to infra spinatus and teres 
 muscles. 
 
 c. Subscapular nerves are three or four in 
 number, descend behind the vessels to 
 subscapular, latissimus dorsi, and teres 
 major muscles. 
 
 D. Internal cutaneous nerve. 
 
 a. External branch descends as low as 
 wrist. 
 
 b. Internal branch descends towards in- 
 ternal condyle,and divides into branch- 
 es to inner and posterior part of forearm. 
 
 E. External cutaneous musculo-cutane- 
 
 ous, or perforans Casserii. 
 
 a. Branches to coraco-brachialis, biceps 
 and brachiceus anticus. 
 
 b. Anterior branch l^ ball of thumb and 
 palm of hand. 
 
 c. Posterior branch to dorsum of hand. 
 
 F. Median or brachial nerve the largest 
 
 branch. 
 
 a. Branches to muscles of arm and fore- 
 arm, but none to the supinators. 
 
 b. Anterior interosseal nerve supplies the 
 
 deep flexors. 
 
 <*. Division to pronator quadratus. 
 /3. To dorsum of hand. 
 
POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 c. Superficial branch given off above 
 wrist, to palm of hand. 
 
 d. 5 Digital branches. 
 G. Ulnar nerve. 
 
 a. Muscular branches. 
 
 b. Dorsalis carpi ulnaris to three inner 
 fingers, and integuments on dorsum 
 of hand. 
 
 c. Superficial palmar branch divides into 
 et. Three digital branches. 
 
 d. Deep palmar branch. 
 H. Musculo-spiral nerve. 
 
 a. Branches to triceps. 
 
 b. Cutaneous branch goes on to thumb. 
 
 c. Branches to long and short supinators 
 and extensors. 
 
 d. Anterior branch, or radial nerve, de- 
 
 scends along inner side of and sup- 
 plies supinator longus. 
 
 et. Branch to integuments of thumb. 
 
 /3. Branch to dorsum of hand:, supply- 
 ing index and middle finger, and 
 communicating with dorsalis ulnaris. 
 
 e. Deep branch, or posterior interosseal 
 
 nerve. 
 A. Superficial branches to superficial 
 
 muscles. 
 @. Deep branches to deep muscles. 
 
 f. Circumflex or articular nerve. 
 
 et. Branches to subscapular muscle, 
 
 &c. 
 
 @>. Superior branch. 
 y. Inferior branch. 
 
NERVES Spinal. 55 
 
 Eleven Inferior Dorsal Nerves. 
 
 i. Posterior branches to muscles and integu- 
 ments of back and loins. 
 
 ii. Anterior or intercostal branches. The 2d 
 and 3d are smaller than the first, and at 
 angle of ribs pass between intercostal mus- 
 cles, and running along the lower edge of 
 each rib supply surrounding muscles ; op- 
 posite the axilla they send off, 
 
 1. The nerves of Wrisberg, or cutaneous 
 nerves of arm. 
 
 2. End in cutaneous and muspular branches 
 to lateral and forepart of thorax. 
 
 Last 9 are similar to the 2d and 3d in distri- 
 bution, supplying intercostal and adjacent 
 muscles ; the two last go chiefly to diaphragm, 
 and the twelfth sends a branch to join the 1st 
 lumbar ; they are all connected by one or two 
 short branches to the ganglions of sympa- 
 thetic. 
 
 Five Pairs of Lumbar Nerves. 
 
 i. Posterior branches. 
 
 n. Anterior branches unite in the psoas to form 
 
 the 
 Lumbar plexus. 
 
 1. External inguino-cutaneous. 
 
 A. Branches to abdominal muscles, 
 
 B. Cutaneous branch to integuments on 
 outer part of thigh. 
 
 c. External spermatic nerve. 
 
56 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 2. Middle inguino-cutaneous to skin on outer 
 part of thigh. 
 
 3. Internal inguino-cutaneous. 
 
 A. Branch to cord accompanying spermatic 
 vessels. 
 
 B. Branch to integuments and glands of 
 groin. 
 
 4. Anterior crural nerve, from four superior 
 
 nerves. 
 
 A. Superficial fasciculus, 4 or 5 long branch- 
 es, and piercing fascia lata descend to 
 knee. 
 
 B. Deep fasciculus. 
 
 a. External muscular branches to vastus 
 externus, rectus, iliacus internus, and 
 tensor vaginae femoris. 
 
 b. Internal muscular branches to sarto- 
 rius, vastus internus, and crurseus. 
 
 c. Branches to femoral artery, 3 or 4 in 
 number, going near to knee. 
 
 d. Internal saphenus nerve, joins sa- 
 phena vein at knee on coming out be 
 tween gracilis and sartorius ; it goes 
 on to inner side of foot, sending off nu- 
 merous branches to integuments. 
 
 5. Obturator nerve from 3d lumbar. 
 
 A. Twigs to obturator internus. 
 
 B. Anterior branch to adductor brevis, pec- 
 tinseus and vastus internus. 
 
 c. Posterior branch to gracilis, adductor 
 magnus and longus. 
 
 6. Lumbo-sacral nerve from 4th and 5th 
 lumbar. 
 
NERVES Spinal. 57 
 
 A. Superior gluteal to glutseus medius and 
 minimus. 
 
 B. Communicating branch to join first sa- 
 
 cral nerve or sciatic plexus. 
 
 Five Pairs of Sacral Nerves. 
 
 i. Posterior branches. 
 
 n . Anterior branches, the 3 superior are very 
 large, the two last much smaller, and the 
 5 with the branch of last lumbar, form the 
 Sacral plexus. 
 
 1. Internal or pelvic branches. 
 
 A. Hsemorrhoidal, vesical, uterine and va- 
 
 ginal. 
 
 2. External branches. 
 
 B. Lesser sciatic nerve. 
 
 a. Superficial branches pass over ham- 
 string -muscles with posterior cutane- 
 ous nerve, and are lost in these mus- 
 cles. 
 
 b. Deep branches to quadratus femoris, 
 upper part of adductor magnus, hip 
 joint, &c. 
 
 c. Inferior glutaeal nerve to glutaeus maxi- 
 mus, perinaeum, and inner side of thigh. 
 
 D. Posterior cutaneous nerve, to thigh and 
 leg posteriorly. 
 
 E. Pubic nerve. 
 
 a. Inferior branch to muscles of peri- 
 nseum and scrotum. 
 
 b. Superior branch to glans penis. 
 
 F. Great sciatic, or posterior crural nerve. 
 a. Cutaneous and muscular branches, 
 
POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 the latter to ham-strings, gracilis, and 
 adductor magnus. 
 
 b. External poplitaeal or peronaeal nerves. 
 A. External cutaneous nerves of leg, 
 they communicate with external sa- 
 phenus. 
 $. Musculo-cutaneous nerve. 
 
 t Internal tarsal or dorsal nerves, to 
 integuments of first and second 
 toes, 
 t External tarsal or dorsal nerves, 
 
 to three outer toes. 
 y. Anterior tibial nerve, 
 t Branches to integuments, 
 t Branch to extensor digitorum bre- 
 vis, cutaneous, and communicat- 
 ing filaments. 
 
 t Terminating branches to first in- 
 terosseal muscle, and communi- 
 cates with plantar nerves. 
 Internal poplitceal or posterior tibial. 
 a. Posterior or external saphenus. 
 /g. Muscular branches to gastrocne- 
 mius,soleus,plantares and deep mus- 
 cles. 
 y. Filaments to posterior and anterior 
 
 tibial arteries. 
 <F. Internal plantar nerve. 
 
 t 4 Digital branches. 
 . External plantar nerve. 
 
 t Superficial branch to little toe and 
 
 outer side of fourth, 
 i Deep branch to plantar muscles 
 and interossei, 
 
NERVES Sympathetic. 59 
 
 SYMPATHETIC OR GANGLIONIC 
 NERVES. 
 
 THE Sympathetic communicate with the Spinal 
 nerves : to each Cervical, by one filament, and 
 to the Dorsal, Lumbar, and Sacral, by two. 
 
 CERVICAL GANGLIONS. 
 
 i. Superior cervical ganglion extending from 
 first to third sacral vertebra. 
 
 1. Ascending or superior branches are two 
 ascending in carotid canal to cavernus 
 sinus, and communicates with the 6th and 
 "Vidian branch of 5th. 
 
 2. Descending or inferior branches are fila- 
 ments to join laryngeal nerves and vagus, 
 superior cardiac and sympathetic itself. 
 The superior cardiac takes a long course, 
 and, in passing to the chest, communicates 
 with the laryngeal nerves, the vagus and 
 middle and inferior ganglions of sympa- 
 thetic. It has sometimes a small gang- 
 lion on it near inferior thyroid artery, pass- 
 ing behind subclavian vein and over arteria 
 innominata, s it divides into several filaments ; 
 some pass along the coats of that vessel to 
 aorta, others join the recurrent nerve and 
 middle and inferior cardiac nerves. 
 
 3. Internal branches unite with pharyngeal 
 plexus. 
 
60 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 4. External branches join superior cervical 
 nerves. 
 
 5. Anterior branches unite with others from 
 vagus and fascial, and form a plexus around 
 carotid artery from which branches proceed 
 along external carotid, forming branches 
 around each principal branch, named ac- 
 cordingly. 
 
 ii. Middle cervical ganglion is sometimes want- 
 ing. 
 
 1. Branches to join cervical nerves and vagus. 
 
 2. Middle cardiac nerve of right side is gene- 
 rally the largest of the cardiac nerves, and 
 is sometimes wanting on the left; entering 
 thorax anterior to subclavian artery is joined 
 by large branches from vagus and recurrent, 
 and passing along innominata terminates 
 in cardiac ganglion or plexus. 
 
 in. Inferior cervical ganglion lies between 
 transverse process of last cervical vertebra 
 and neck of first rib. 
 
 1. Filaments to phrenic nerve and brachial 
 plexus, subclavian artery, and its branches. 
 
 2. Inferior cardiac nerve or nerves ; the right 
 descends along arteria innominata to arch 
 of aorta to its forepart, and terminates in 
 the anterior cardiac plexus ; some branches 
 pass between aorta and pulmonary artery 
 to cardiac ganglion. On the left side these 
 nerves accompany the subclavian artery, 
 and partly join the middle cardiac nerve 
 and partly the cardiac plexus. 
 
 Cardiac plexus, or cardiac ganglion, is situated 
 
NERVES Sympathetic. 01 
 
 behind the ascending aorta near its origin in 
 front of trachea and right pulmonary artery ; 
 it consists of a plexus of nerves formed by the 
 cardiac from opposite sides, and branches of 
 the eighth pair and recurrent. In the meshes 
 of this plexus several small ganglions are 
 inclosed, and to the aggregate of these the 
 term cardiac ganglion is applied. 
 
 THORACIC GANGLIONS. 
 
 i. Branches to mediastinum ramify on aorta, 
 &c., and communicate with the pulmonary 
 plexus. 
 
 ii. Great splanchnic nerve from sixth, sev- 
 enth, eighth, ninth, and tenth ganglions, 
 and unite on the tenth dorsal vertebra into 
 one cord, and entering the abdomen along 
 with the aorta, or separated from it by a 
 fasciculus of the diaphragm, expands into 
 the semilunar ganglion. The semilunar 
 ganglion of each side is situated on the 
 diaphragm, and partly on aorta on either 
 side of ciliac axis, and communicating, are 
 termed 
 
 Solar plexus, it is situated behind the sto- 
 mach, above the pancreas, in front of 
 aorta. 
 
 1. Branches in various directions accom- 
 panying the blood-vessels forming plex- 
 uses around each, named accordingly, as 
 hepatic, splenic and gastric, and these 
 communicate with the eighth pair. 
 
62 POCKET ANATOMIST. 
 
 2. Branches descending in front of aorta, 
 which subdivide at the renal and mesenteric 
 arteries, accompanying them and forming 
 plexuses, named accordingly, viz. renal, 
 superior and inferior mesenteric, and into 
 each of these branches of the lumbar gang- 
 lions enter 
 
 A. Renal plexus. 
 
 a. Spermatic plexus. 
 
 B. Inferior mesenteric plexus, sends 
 branches descending to the edge of the 
 pelvis, unite with others from the lum- 
 bar ganglions, and form a plexus around 
 the internal iliac artery and its branch- 
 es, named hypogastric plexus. It is 
 joined by numerous filaments from the 
 lumbar and sacral ganglions of sym- 
 pathetic, and communicates with the 
 pelvic branches of the sacral plexus. 
 
 in. Lesser splanchnic nerve arises by two roots 
 from the tenth and eleventh ganglions, and 
 uniting on the side of the last dorsal vertebra, 
 enters the abdomen through the crus of dia- 
 phragm, and ends in the renal plexus. 
 
 LUMBAR GANGLIONS. 
 
 The Lumbar ganglions are five on each side, 
 
 sometimes three or four. 
 i. Branches to anterior branches of lumbar 
 
 spinal nerves. 
 ii. Branches to assist in forming the different 
 
 abdominal plexuses. 
 
NERVES Sympathetic. 63 
 
 SACRAL GANGLIONS. 
 
 The Sacral ganglions, are three or four in num- 
 ber. 
 
 i. Branches to sacral nerves. 
 ii. Filaments to hypogastric and pelvic plex- 
 uses. 
 
 in. A small branch from the last ganglion on 
 each side, which passes in front of coc- 
 cyx, there forming ganglion impar, which 
 sends 
 
 1. Filaments to coccygeus, levator, and 
 sphincter ani muscles. 
 
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 and which will afford valuable counsel in all contingen- 
 cies, and under all circumstances of accident or affliction. 
 Saturday Evening Post, Philadelphia. 
 
 PUBLISHED AND FOR SALE BY 
 
 KAY & BROTHER, PHILADELPHIA. 
 JOHN I. KAY AND CO.. PITTSBURGH.