o William Bascom, Director Museum of Anthropology University of California of M.- ANTHROPOLOGICAL REPORT ON THE EDO-SPEAKING PEOPLES OF NIGERIA. PAET II: LINGUISTICS. BY NORTHCOTE W. THOMAS, M.A., F.R.A.I., ETC. GOVERNMENT ANTHROPOLOGIST. LONDON : HARRISON AND SONS. 1910. Sfask Annex 5128425 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE PREFACE... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... vii SYSTEM OF TRANSLITERATION ix SECTION I : EDO TEXTS 1 I. Azuambili (the sponger) 3 II. lya 5 III. Emigaheme (the three tasks) 8 H!A. second version ... ... ... ... 15 IV. Igifiemido (the archer) 19 V. Boebose 21 VI. The three boys 23 VII. The tortoise 25 VIII. Osa and the lizard v 29 IX. Omeneli ... 30 X. Man with elephantiasis ... ... ... ... ... 34 XL Palm nuts 37 XII. Ido 37 XIII. The monkey 38 XIV. The poor man 40 XV. The smokers ... 43 XVI. Burial custom ... ... ... ... ... ... 43 XVII. The plantain eater 44 XVIII. Osa and the farmer 45 XIX. The poor woman and her son 47 XX. OsaandEwale 50 XXI. The four men 53 XXII. Igifiemido and Emigherameme... ... ... ... 55 XXIII. The dog and the leopard 55 XXIV. Ezomo , ... 60 XXV. Ogiso and the poor woman 62 XXVI. Dog and tortoise 64 XXVII. The seven men , ... 68 PAGE SECTION II : TEXTS IN OTHER LANGUAGES OF THE EDO FAMILY 71 A. ISHAN, IRUA 73 1-7. Narratives 73-76 8. New yam festival 76 9, 10. Narratives 77 B. XUKURT7KU 78 (a) IJEBA 78 1. Narrative 78 (b) SABONGIDA (ORA) 78 1. Phrases 78 2. Astronomy 79 3. The dungbeetle 79 4. Tortoise and snail 80 5. Burial customs ... ... ... ... ... 81 (c) AGBEDB 83 1. The francolin ... 83 2. Inabosere 84 3. King and tortoise ... ... ... ... ... 85 4. The bird 86 5. Tortoise and Omemamoni ... ... ... 86 6. The impotent man 89 7. Giant and king of sky 90 8. The stupid man 91 ^ 9. The tortoise and the eggs 93 10. Hunting 94 11. Snail and tortoise 95 fi? 12. Man and wife 97 (rf) UZAITUI 99 1. Hunting 99 (e) IBIE, N. Nigeria 100 1. Fanning 100 2. The Imiegba palaver 101 (/) KOMINIO 103 1. Farming 103 (ff) Soso 103 1. Farming ... ... ... ... ... ... 103 (/t) SEMOLIKA 104 1. Farming 104 (0 IBILO : 10 4 1. Farming ... ... ... ... ... tmm 104 0') ISUA ... 105 1. Farming . 105 PAGE (0 OKPE, S. Nigeria 106 1. Burial customs, marriage, birth 106 2. Tooth filing 107 3. Hairdressing 108 (j) OTUA 109 1,2. Farming 109 3. War 110 4. Conversation 110 5. New Year Ill 6. Eobbery Ill 7. Marriage 112 SOBO 114 (a) EMOSOGA 114 1. Narrative 114 2. Osagale 114 3. Child and millipede 120 4. Boebose (see also p. 21) 124 (6) IYEDE 126 1. Farming 126 (c) Ovu 127 1,2. Farming 127 SECTION III. EDO GRAMMAR 129 Appendix A. Wano Grammar 143 Appendix B. Examples 147 SECTION IV. COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY OF SELECTED WORDS IN THE EDO LANGUAGES... ... ... ... 151 SECTION V. EDO-ENGLISH DICTIONARY 187 A 2 PREFACE. THE texts and vocabularies here published were collected during my tour between January 29th, 1909, and March 28th, 1910. A certain number of vocabularies were collected during the first three months, which were spent in Benin City (Edo) ; but the whole of the words and texts now printed were taken down between Jime 15th and the end of my tour. My interpreters were as follows: Edo Erumese ... Feb. 10 to May 25. Kukuruku and Ishan Corporal Nimahan May 25 to Sept. 22. Agbede and Kuku- Osidora Aug. 6 to Oct. 1. ruku. Edo Ogbebo Oct. 10 to Dec. 10. Sobo ... ... James Smart ... Dec. 13 to Jan. 13. Kukuruku George and Feb. 2 to March 10. Oganna. During my second Kukuruku tour Isuma of Agbede acted as assistant interpreter, and Ogbebo was employed several times for short periods over and above that mentioned. The Edo vocabulary was taken down from Corporal Nimahan and revised with Ogbebo. The Agbede and Uzaitui vocabu- laries were taken down with the aid of Edo, no English being used at all in most cases. In all other cases the English word was given and the native word asked for. Corporal Nimahan acted as interpeter for Ijeba, Aroko, Okpe (mainly by means of Yoruba), Otua, Sabongida, Agbede (with Osidora), Irua, Ubiaja, and to some extent in the Ida District. He also related Edo stories I and II. The remainder of the Edo stories were related by Ogbebo and my orderly Idehin, with the exception of Nos. XIV, XVIII, and XX, which were told by Asemota of Igwiximi. At Sabongida, Agbede and Irua the schoolboys supplied the texts and narratives, and to a large extent acted as their own translators. The first four Sobo texts were taken down from the lips of my head boy. The remainder of the texts were obtained from chiefs and others in the various villages. The Kukuruku and Ishan texts and the comparative dictionary have been revised with the aid of Father Strub of Agenigbodi, to whom I wish to express my heartiest thanks. My tours in the Sobo country and in Northern Nigeria were of the nature of flying surveys, made for the correction of sociological data ; I had no opportunity of revising my material from those districts. It will be noticed that both here and elsewhere the native informants have often added " it " (le or lo) to a transitive verb ; I have advisedly left the word in the form in which I recorded it. The pronunciation of different individuals, and in some places of the two sexes, or of adults and younger people (with unfiled teeth), differs, sometimes to a marked extent. It will, therefore, be noticed that there is some want of uniformity in the spelling. Further research will probably show that the tones have been omitted in many cases where the Edo dictionary here printed does not distinguish between two meanings of a word. A certain number of texts have been recorded with the phonograph, and the numbers of the records are shown at the head of such texts ; duplicates of the records are available for study in the Royal Anthropological Institute, together with nearly three hundred records of music. TRANSLITERATION. A. VOWELS. d = d = f = g = h = j k 1 1 m n n n p ; a in Jather. a intermediate between a in father and cat. a in take. e in there. e in let. ee in see. i in it. o in stone. o in ought. Q = o in not. u = u in rule. u = u in lull. u = u in German gilte. u = - in German glilck. = p in German ai = in line. an = in how. ei 01 = in boy. b in bed. ch in church. approximately equiva- lent to Scottish ch in loch. d in dark. cerebral d. f infield. = hard g in gold. - h in have. - j in jewel. = k in key. = 1 in long. - cerebral 1. = m in man. = n in not. = cerebral n. = ng in ringer. - p in pay. Dynamic accent (stress) High tone Low tone Sign of nasalization B. CONSONANTS. r = r in red. r* = trilled r. rh = r slightly trilled and aspirated. s = s in sea. s = sh in she. t = t in ten. t = cerebral t. v = v in vivid. w = w in win. y = y in yellow. z = z in razor. z = z in azure. y = soft g in N. German tag. f, v, = bilabial f and v, Span- ish pronunciation of b. b, p = b and p sounded nearly like w, with closed glottis. (over the letter). SECTION I. EDO TEXTS. II. SECTION I. EDO TEXTS. Record 216. Azuamb;li, Azual^gel^ge iyqkpabina ; Azuambili, Azualegelege, born of the same mother Qgiseoxuum jnakearowa ; ;nagaiho when hunger time came they lived in.the same house ; if they heard Qkgui ;nanadumina, ;nagaxia. Qgisedgkpa a place where they beat fuf u, they went (there). One day ;nagarhiopia ; ;nanawinarigbafi, \nanagaxiaxiaxia ; they took cutlass, they say they go hunting they went on, on, on, jnamaniiQmirQkpa ; ;nagQdedowovwof e ; they saw nothing ; as they came they saw a rat hole ; Azuamb;li QW ]inanobiluaiyi ; Azual^gel^ge Azuambili said : here he would stay ; Azualegelege QW(jmanelQgelegaiyi Qlinanagatqnovu ; said here he would do so too so they began to dig hole ; ;nagiz(jtoi Qtifwina; Azual^gel^ge qwineriowa; they went ou digging, they tired ; Azualegelege said he would go home ; Azuambili Qmaleyi ; qnagatgnoi ; Qgiz^tgnoi Azuambili : " here I stay " ; so he went on digging ; as he dug B 2 EDO TEXTS. qnqsagwale ; Qnoiob^rhamoi ; he reached room ; he took hand touch ; when he felt it hot, qnawgbaba Qlqkpawema ; he said just now he got up here ; he dug a little more, Qnamw^l^rhurhumu; qkeyuyolobg; he saw his tail ; he caught at the tail ; it came loose in his hand ; qnarhi$rhurhuniQle ; it ran away ; he took its tail ; he took sand from his track, qnaz^kubqle ; Qnagbalaiyoko ; qnagariowa ; he took sand from fore feet ; he tied it in a leaf ; he went home ; Qgisowa Qnamwawuwanakpe, grhurhumofQni ; when he got home, he took pot, washed it, tail of the rat b^xainQze, onameyowawa ; ynalamoi ; Qnamwgli; and sand he had picked, he put them in pot ; he fried it ; he took it ; Qnarioi ; Qnarota. Azual^gelggexjre ; Qnaw' he ate it ; he sat down. When Azualegelege came ; he said, ofelgle ; ukwQgbe ? QnawQmagum^gbe ; rat to-day ; did you kill it ? he said, it did not let me kill it ; onawukpax;re ; inamioi iwinimwe, he said, you had gone small ; I saw it I said ; let me catch it, ^rhurhum^le QnaiuwobQ ; QnazexuwQle his tail loose for my hand ; he took sand from fee bik\jmbQle, inagbaleyoko ; igisowa ; jgiranQle, from hands ; I put it in parcel ; I came home ; I fried and ate it, qnawawawanuyagamowo ; he said where is pot you take fry it ; he said look it ; AzualQgelQgelamu ; gnasam^kpoge ; Azualegelege went take it ; he took water to wash it and shake it ; qnamumo. he drank it. EDO TEXTS. II. Records 217-219. lya, Qk^ginQm^do noqkpa lya, when she got husband, who the only one was in the country ; ; ;nananaw& : nQkwenina ; qwe all country said let her agree for them ; she said : I don't marry; they said (if) she did not marry them, they go kill her ; she said " M " QkQgibie Qing qkpa ngdqli nqrewa, " M " When she bore child one for her husband who was in the house, ;nanaw dokwgnina ; iikwe woborplahq ; they said : go agree for them I don't agree ; we all beg you ; iikwe ; ;nanawg : umakwe, magagbwa ; I don't agree ; they said : if you don't agree, we kill you ; QkQgari^ki ; gk^dogki ;nanamwe i gbe she went to market ; she reached market ; they got ready yaxQle,gode; Qgige,gina; ;nanaw: kwimete ; ; go wait on road she saw them ; they said agree to-day ; no ; umawukwe ? gdixali. ql^gino magagbwa ; walahp ; you don't agree 1 So I say. It's to-day we kill you ; I beg you ; yalexwigd^me ; ;nanaw agadgge wakwgnima ; go and look for my husband ; they said we go see if you agree for us ; (take palaver to him) maigegbwe ; qnadigwe, lahp ; igakwe ; we don't kill you ; she knelt down, I beg you ; I agree ; giasowa ; 9 ; aisowa mahpluebaba ; let us go home; no? don't go home we wish to have connection now; magaholuew^niya. Onawikwi. Ugakwe. we wish to copulate so. She said : I don't agree. You will agree. Inanarhiopia, ;nakQfialuhumu ; qk^giwu. Qdqlegnawe : They took cutlass, they cut her head off ; she died. Her husband said: 6 EDO TEXTS. jmagimie lya ; bog;rie wowana ? lahu^le ; I don't see lya ; Where did she go in this house ? I go look for her ; qkQgahuQle ; Qgadigki ; odo ; he went and looked ; he went to market ; her husband ; umamiowQki lya, bog' iye, Q!QXQ. Did you not see her in market ; lya, which side, trader. Eyenawg amamamioi ; iyowqli ; Market people said we didn't see her ; they were sorry ; (Traders) ihoi; gnagaxia; ok^gahu^le; ozehu^le, I hear; he went; he looked; he kept on looking, omamioi ; Qsogiame, ;mag;miawoxaine ; he did not see her ; Oh, my enemy, I don't see my wife ; wiagalue ? " M " gleo ihggimieuhumiya ; ;mag;mie what T go do ? " M " look ; at last I see lya's head ; I don't see ikwgle ; bohuQle qlihona ; umamioi ? her body ; where to look for it ? I find it now, you don't see it ? mah!mioi ; ihqgjmioi ; jrhiele Qkggirhiegadeowa ; We see it ; I have looked till I'm tired ; I take it. He took it home ; biagalfihumu lya ? igal^le ; ig a l$le What shall I do with head of lya ? I bury it ; when I go bury it, Qkp^ti ainyo igaia, l^le ; walaho wadogum JdolQle ; box of gin I take bury it ; I beg you follow me bury her ; mahoi ; magagw^lql^ (ua) lya; bwaigal^leyi ? we hear ; we go follow you bury lya ; What you go take bury her ? qwe, QXQXO, ^kita, ^gwi, Qmila nqxwa. Vigre naiagbum^l^le; goat, fowl, dog, tortoise, cow big. Bring come follow me bury; mahoi ; axw^magal^le ? Qkggbe ; wadogume(i)rioi we hear ; to-morrow we bury her ? he killed ; come follow me eat. mahoi; ;nanavie ; ak^gitota; awagadainyp; we hear ; they wept ; they sat down ; they drank palm wine ; anagairievei; anagairigw^ ; anagaliawa; ^mihianaiail^le they ate kola ; they ate goat ; they ate dog ; all that they took to bury her EDO TEXTS. 7 anaga^rioi. "Asimwe"; "I" ihoi ; inagjline they ate. " Save you " ; " Ay " I hear ; when they ate gko givo ; ;nag;lovie ; Qnaw ; biagjluenahe ; belly full ; they lay down ; he said ; What to do now ; inan;gbawoxamina ; opiagarhie ; ;gagiaginafthumu ; they who killed this my wife ; I take cutlass ; I cut their heads off; qnagirhiopia ; Qnaiagagiaginawfthumu ; Qk^gifo, So he took cutlass he went cut their heads ; when he finished, Qgigey Osalobwa ; Walu ? unagbgrna he saw Osa ; What are you doing ? you kill person nQseniaii ; jnakalumQle ; b^zgnuwemaxamame ? like that ; they first did it to me ; why did you not tell me ? $nawe : gegilu^de ; gk^rhiebe ; Qkfjxigle ; he said : he would not do it again ; he took leaf ; he rubbed it ; okginieyinunu ; miyoleho ; QnarhieumwQiiota ; he squeezed it for mouth ; and ears ; he took small stick (whip); Qnafinale ; onawinarhiQre ; agavie, he flogged them ; he said : let them wake ; when people sleep, ariq ; ;nanaekbaigbe ; gnahumewoxwo ; bQsigzo let them wake ; they got up ; he woke woman ; what brought palaver wanagboxwona ; ;nanaw : ^nanimiai ; before you kill this woman ; they said : they begged her ; Qmakw^nia ; Qlinanagb ; gnanonoxwo : she did not agree ; so they killed her ; he asked woman : ^makwina ; onarhiexwaise ; Qnafiyo ; gnaw ; I don't agree for them ; he took ewaise ; he swore on it ; he said : Qwohoho inqgagi ;kok\irhioxwQkpa; ;nafie ; this whole town they can't mix take one woman ; they swore ; onawewoxwo : \v;r;gbe, gariglimi, ose he said to woman : go back, go to Elimi, person who goes to Elimi does not come (back). 8 EDO TEXTS. III. Emigaheme, novih^nbuda, gw^ Emigaheme, who was slave of Ehenbuda, said day that things gahemenihQmalu ;gawu. Edgni tire me which our company do I go die. This day qvJkpQvene yaxame Ehenbuda, gmiagrnQxame. he took four kola to go tell Ehenbuda, he was tired of the world. Ede.nemigaheme niniasabalu igihomalue, The day that I tire of a thing which I cannot do and my company do it, Ehenbuda uvievenena ; uviobame, Ehenbuda take these four kola; take together with me, naialtiQmi ; igagmQxaino. Ehgnbuda take do a thing (i.e., kill me) the world hates me. Ehenbuda naxame.zQmo ; uwQgewQxamame ! bgkahe ? told Ezomo ; Look what he tells me ! What 1 Qwgmihene nihomalu ; gvikpeveneme He says he is tired for what his company does ; he takes four kola for me ; nivigme, edgnQmigaihinoi nihomalu. let him give them to me, the day he tires for what our company does EzQinonatigmigaheme : Qnawugasgti ? Emigaheme. Ezomo said to Emigaheme ; he said Can you 1 Emigaheme. Onawejhe : onawgluseti deugas^ti qnawqle : iziga He said Yes ; he said ; you can't if you can, he said, murderer qr^gbola ; yamwe,re ; wasabamwQre Qgigbaika ; is in the bush ; bring him ; if you can bring him, he will tie beads ; QnawQlehoi ; Qnaxia ; Qgisowa Qnawiye ; he said he heard ; he went ; He went home he said to mother ge.kQnagiemqle. Gaxia; uxia, tude. look place they send me. Go. go, come back ; Qnaw^he. Elegare, ^gbewenwe. Ixwegboy^de he said " yes." To-day I come, I kill goat for you. [If] Cutlass cuts plantain tree QzunQli. Ukpogun, ovavame, omukwa, spoils edge. Ukpogun, if it gets water, it throws it off EDO TEXTS. 9 qhi^kwa. QnamwQwe, qnagbS, gnadesagie, it throws it away. She took goat, she killed it, she took its blood, gk^mwiuku ; Qnamune ; Qnagaxia ; she put it in calabash ; she gave it to him ; he went ; QkQdod;node wogjsode, gsagie he came and reached road ; "When he reached road, blood QkoiQwopia Qsamaiyigbe ; Qnagaxia ; Qgim;ziga he took rub cutlass, he threw for body ; he went ; he met murderer ; Qnawe/lo ; Qnawigano ? Emigaheme ! Qnawe,do he said " Hail" ; he said " who is that " ? Emigaheme ! he said doko, Qwghe. Qnawg tuQiue Qnawetjtua. "'do, friend," he said "yes." He said "salute me," he said I salute (murderer) you. Onarhielgsago ; lare. Qnagaxia, Qgiseva, He took him to bush house ; come He went, he got there, Qnawe : tota, Qkgtota. Qnawurigmi ? he said : sit down, he sat down. He said " You don't eat 1 " Qnawelggale ; Qnaw : naiaxwe ; Qnawghe ; He said he would eat ; he said let us wash, he said yes ; Qnagisqze, gagakaxwe ? Emigaheme ! QWQXWC ; he reached river, who washes first ? Emigaheme ! he said : wash ; mie, vaxwe greli n;gixwese ; gnawghe ; take soap it's long since I washed ; he said all right ; okg;xwe, gnamw^vaxwe gnamw^n^zigana ; when he washed, he took soap ; he took it gave to murderer ; qyevaxwelalo QgidQgode ; Qnad^fi^ze ; he rubbed soap in his eyes he did not see ; he fell into river ; Qnamwebotg ; Qnagbai, gnarhiegade ; he put him down ; he tied him ; he took him away ; Qgi s Q Qnaw udinya umagjle ? when he reached bush house, he said you don't eat yams, don't you eat? Umag^rinya, axivie, ax^ka, If you don't eat yams, pot of beads, pot of square beads, axgo ; pot of cowries ; you come take all ; he packed them ; 10 EDO TEXTS. Jnanagari^do ; agjsiQdo ; gnawQmada : they went to Edo ; when they reached Edo he said to Omada : ;renQ; qbanagjre ; gnaw' Okpiaxu ; I have come ; when the king came ; he said You are a man ; QnawigaluQse. ^zqmo naw g^belu^l^se ; qnawfe he said I go dash you. Ezomo said don't dash him ; he said Qne Qrqvia ; yamwqre. Qnaw : " M " Qnagaxia ; crocodile in Ovia ; bring it ; He said " M " he went ; Qnadinewa ; Qg^lomo ; QgQmatQfi ; obanavione ; he reached home ; spear of brass, spear of iron, king gave him ; qnawoz;gwe : dogwame ; Qzigwenawg ohamume ; he told ferryman : put me over ; ferryman said I fear ; ^giohame ; nonelidomu. Qzigwenawghe, don't fear ; crocodile I come catch. Ferryman said " all right." qnarhieyoko ; lare ; Qnagade ; lako ; glako ; he took canoe ; come ; he went ; go in canoe ; he went in canoe ; Qgwa ; QgizQgwa ; he put him across ; as he was crossing, he saw crocodile ; ogQnade, QnasuQga ; when it came, he threw his spear he took brass spear ; qnarhiQgQmatQn ; qnaisue. he took iron spear, he threw. Qnewadqze ; It sank in river ; qnawQzjgwe : ilabw^le ; he said to ferryman : I go to it ; Qnabw^l^gaxia ; he went after it ; qnagaxia Qljmi QgisurQXQxq he went to Elimi ; he reached fowl gate, QxqxQweg^gb^ra ; fowl said don't pass ; Qnaiyqkam, qnagbjrava ; he took corn, he passed there; he qkeisur^we, reached goat gate, ; Qnav;kunina ; goat said don't pass ; he took the peelings, he passed ; qnagia Qg^de^mila ; qna\VQgb;ra ; he reached cow gate, he gave plantains to cow ; it said : pass ; qnasuruke ; QnawQgQgbJra ; Qnamweniana ; he reached lame man's gate ; he said don't pass ; he took the f ufu ; EDO TEXTS. 11 ak^dolema ; her father and mother they were glad ; they came and cooked f ufu ; nanamune ; they brought it and gave to her ; she ate it ; at daybreak Qhraideugbo iye qrigze; Igkpa her father went to farm her mother went to river ; she alone qrowa ; Qnatota ; Qgiy a g e j was at home ; she sat down ; when she went to look ; yagawoxqkpa ; qd ; qgisineva qnatuoi went to look one boy ; he came ; when he got there he saluted awoxani ; oviugvvena ; qnasuawoxani obg the girl ; he was a poor boy ; she took boy's hand qnakaokone ; qnaiyeve inQ ; qviqne ; she filled pipe and gave it ; she took kola four ; she gave to him ;nana . aku ; Qnawuwe legalome ; they copulated ; she said " You I am going to marry axamawoxani awoxan;nawehe ; ;nana . aku ; iye she told the boy the boy said all right ; they copulated ; mother qkezQre; ghrai Qkugbore ; qnatamiye ; came from river ; father came from farm ; she told mother ; tamehrai ; awoxana, QlinggalQme ; iiiawehe ; she told father ; boy, she said I marry him ; they said all right ; (jdegimu, Quawawoxani ; ^nalakbo ; ;nalovie ; day dark, she said to boy ; they go to bed ; they slept ; ;nana . aku ; gdeg^gbe ; ;naiyaxwe ; they copulated ; at daybreak ; they went to wash ; noxvvoni qkwedia ; gkwie use lawa ; the girl menstruated ; she came home for five days II. D 34 EDO TEXTS. Qgilawa Qnaw iku; Qnagahame; when he was in the house she said I played ; she became pregnant ; Qgehame Qkqdobie, okwia ; when she became pregnant she bore a child, male ; QkwQxi mawoxamia ; Qnilolamenolome she became the boy's wife ; this is the wife that he married wagmQfia. for this world. X. OkwiQkpa, oviftgwenQ, Qkwedeve ; Man one, poor man, had Eve (big scrotum) ; omanrienQgbgle QnaiyalimiQbo he saw no one to kill it for him he went to beg doctor ; QwenQmugamgre ; let him [to] kill his Eve ; he said bring five shillings cowries ; pwineme, ; Qbonawegadie ; qnagavi.3, qnagarie, he said he had not got it ; doctor said " go " ; he cried, he went, Qgisowa when he got home Qnakwoli ; he feathered them ; Qgofe/, he saw a rat ; Qgisowa ; Qnakuhabg Qnakaifgrne uli; he took bow, he took arrows two hundred ; Qna.arioha Qgisoha he went to bush ; when he got to bush ; Qnasai ; Qnamu Qnagadiowa he shot it ; he took it he went home Qdotoi ; Qkeadioi ; evewQfiane ; when he got home ; he roasted it he ate it ; Eve said cut for him ; Qnaweve ; Iqgafiariwe ugakpa bekilo ? he said to Eve if he cut for you you come down from his penis f evenawghe ; qnaweve n^fianwe ; adev;gbe Eve said no ; he said to Eve : I don't cut for you ; at daybreak qnagarioha ; Qgisoha; QgbQtan ; he went to bush ; when he got to bush ; he killed squirrel ; Qnaweve, miuhabp muyagbe Qnawejhg Qnaw he Baid to Eve, take bow take, kill he said "no" he said EDO TEXTS. 35 ukeineno milagariggoi evenaw lolue; "you ask him" when he ate his own Eve said he didn't mind him; QkQniQtiu; qnagariowa Qgisowa Qtoi, he took squirrel ; he went home when he got home he roasted it, QkQgarioi; evenawqfiane; qnawQrp; he ate it ; Eve said : cut for me ; he said there's no more ; leveyagbeboha ; uwolai ; l^gigbe 5 he said to Eve, go, kill in bush ; " you don't go " ; when he killed ; eba uwunefianwe adevjgbe qnamuhabp ; " now " you said, " cut for you," at daybreak he took bow ; gvemie, yagbo tari evenaw^he evenamuhabp Eve, take go, kill it, come back ; Eve said all right Eve took bow eveture b^kiale; evena . arioha; evegisoha, Eve came down from his penis ; Eve went to bush ; when Eve got to bush, yaguzo evesai uzol^le ; Qrie ; he went and saw uzo Eve shot uzo ran ; he went ; evenariuboiyunu; Qnatu ; qna.adiowa; Eve put hand to mouth ; he shouted ; he went home ; Qgisowa Qtamokwiani ; qnagatiheve Q^Qgigbe when he got home he told man ; man cursed Eve at daybreak Qnaktuhabqmo onawevexiamu ^dgrip ; man took bow he said to Eve he was going same day ; evelaikiane : iamu naialugbafi ; Qua . axia Eve went to penis : go take let us go hunting ; he went ;nagiseva; oiyagb^tan ; akuqsai Qnaiamu; when they got there ; he killed squirrel ; he shot it he went take it ; mufigkbo ; qgizQxia, oiyagaxiame qnasai he put it for bag ; as he went, he went look bird he shot Qkweyainu Qmufigkbo qna . axia oiyagQtan he went take it put it in bag, he went saw squirrel Qtanhierha Qnafie qsai ginehra squirrel climbed tree ; he let fly he shot when he was the tree Qtanagbina qnaweve ukpalqgbe bekino, squirrel struggled ; he said to Eve you too big for his penis, D 2 36 EDO TEXTS. Qgyinoi iyaxiuxumu ; ture niehie,li ; you don'? let him climb up ; go down let him climb ; Eve said no QnawQlahp Qtafiyekagbe, kevahiame kewQna he said : I beg squirrel that I first killed, and bird and this legavionwe evenature Qnaweve hi^le he goes give you ; Eve came down he said to Eve climb it oyamure ; evenawinenQlai ; Qnaweve lahp go bring it ; Eve said he would not go ; he said to Eve I beg, ugarene ; le.se.kbo, QniagamwQfi nQma Qgidggglue. if you go he gave bag, he goes put you that man does not see you. give ; evewghe* evenaihigle oxumwerhani ; Qgiseva, Eve said all right Eve climbed up the tree ; when he got there, QmQtan Qmuf wa ; okwiani Qnarhiuhabg he took squirrel he threw it down ; the man took bow Qnaiasai evenagaitu ; Qnavesai ifgrnulini he shot Eve saluted ; he shot Eve the two hundred arrows onaiasai ; QnamQtaii ; Qnagadiowa Qgisowa he took, shot ; he took squirrel ; he went home when he got home Qnadotoi, Qna . arioi ; Qgidiene, ; Qnawineya ituQbo he roasted it, he ate it ; when he finished it ; he said he was going to salute doctor. QgisowQbo Qnaw^do ; gekino ; when he reached the doctor's house he saluted him; look his penis ; umievewp ? Qbowghg ; Qbonawgle you see Eve anywhere ? doctor said no ; doctor said to him gagbe? Qwinoi ; Qtobole; who killed it ? he said he did ; himself ; QgQgQne, ; Qnagadiowa he was glad for him ; he went home QbonawQle ; doctor said to him ; Qgisowa when he got home Qnarhiopia ; Qnari^ken^le ; Qgiseva ; he took cutlass he went to that place ; when he got there ; QtQlumu Qweve osiamekwa ; Qnaw^bm he looked up he said Eve is dropping water down ; he said "hm " EDO TEXTS. 37 evemasetiagwa evekekaka; Qkwexiakilame he said " so " Eve can't talk Eve is dry ; it is ant's nest iyeva; Qniogilokilame lamiewihra ke,dogade. that was there ; this is ant's nest in same tree from that day. umalemedewu. story falls down dead. XL Qtan odiqd;novie ; QmwQrlmrhumu ; Squirrel ate palm nut which was ripe ; he put his tail ; nya What are you doing ? he said " tail, it hurt him ; " Qnawaxamgm^gade ; emQnagade ; Qkgsowa he said " Tell monkey to come ; " monkey came ; when he got to the house, qnawQwpxi ? Ehiekebemegume ; he said " What is it ? [poor man] Bring my rump to me ; tag;gigmQ ; Qnawghe, dQinanogJgip ? they laugh at me ; " he said " all right, who laughs at you ? " Esago; ihoi; onarhiek^be ; qnarhiyotg ; " I hear " ; he took rump; he put down; QnawenQxmya ; he took tail from him ; he [monkey] said turn into yams ; [to tail] qkjxinya, qke/Iotoi ; Qnawoviugwe ; it turned into yams, he roasted them ; he said to poor man ; Qxaguhumova. Esagonagade ; oviugwe, bog;lue ? he said " you get fever." Esago came ; poor man, what are you doing f uhuniQvile ; rhinyaname ; nirhijle ; " He gets a fever " " give me the yam " ; "I take it and eat it " ; rhi;le Qnarhi;le ; QnawgmQgQlp, " take it and eat " he took it and ate ; [monkey] he said " tail, Egesago ; qnarhiekebe Qnaviqnoviugwe ; Esago gets " ; he took rump he gave it to poor man ; 40 EDO TEXTS. qnavieyeku ; gnaw^sago : he put it for hips ; he [monkey] said to Esago : What are you doing? qnetqluhe ; qnawagolqnp ; Qnavvgh^ ; he scratches his rump ; he said his tail ; he said all right ; qkewoviugwe QlornggglQ; xiamu; jnabogiso; then he said to poor man he has got tail ; go on ; they went to Ogiso ; Qgiseva ; Ogisonaw& bukmqfi ; Qk^dobukmQn ; when they got there ; Ogiso said loose cloth ; he loosed his cloth ; Qgigoviugwe ; qkbwerpluhe when he saw poor man ; he had no tail on his rump qnawesago ; kwewpmQgQlo ; EsagobukmQfi ; he said to Esago : " you said he had a tail " ; " Esago, loose cloth " ; QkebukmQft Qoig e gQlQ% Ogisonawgmwesago, he loosed cloth when he saw his tail, Ogiso said " Take Esago, put him on the ground " ; they cut him (his head off) Qnawoviugwe woigalesago ; he said to poor man "Go eat Esago [take Esago's place"] Qnaw^he ; qnaw^atota qnaviemiesago ; he said " no " ; - he said " go, sit down " he took Esago's property ; Qnaviqnoviugwe ; umalemedewu. he gave it to poor man ; story falls down dead. XIV. Oviugwe ; ghraibioi ; A poor man ; his father begot him ; his father got things ; iyemQiui Qgiriwa ; gkeyamigmame ; his mother got things he grew up ; he copulated another man's wife ; ngnyame, gwuhamwino ; Qgin^nole, ehraigiwu who got the wife, said he feared ; he did not ask, his father died iyewu ; gkwQl^le ; ol^hrai ; and his mother ; he buried them ; he buried his father ; EDO TEXTS. 41 5 ; gnadonoole ; Qfeyqgihrai ; who owned wife ; he came and asked him ; property of his father; efeggiye ; qkweyaxale ; property of his mother ; he took it and settled palaver ; QgimiQwale ;!Q ; QmiukmQfi yahiggbe ; he did not see food to eat ; he did not see cloth to cover body ; QnagaviQ ; onarhiopia qna . arioha. Ogisoha he cried ; he took cutlass went to bush. When he got to bush Qfiri, QdlQ, gduxumu ; Qnahiqle he cut rope, he tied it, up above ; he climbed it gwinelawu ; Qrhieyurhu ; Qgotp. he said he wanted to die ; put it round neck ; he looked at ground, qiyagosalobwa ; Osalobwanaw& : ture ; wolu ; he looked at Osa ; Osalobua said : come down ; what are you doing?" IgmQini kti, Qgarnqmi. Osalobwa qnagierha, " He had nothing " " stop, he gets things." Osalobua cut wood, ihino, x;re, x;re, gnaviqne qnawglQ ; seven, small, small, he gave to him he said to him ; QminudQge ; qgalofe Q,fjgy e > *" Qgalqtan thing you look ; it will be rat when he shoots, it will be squirrel QfJgy 6 Qnaweh^ ; Qnagadie ; qxi^xire ; when he shoots he said "all right" ; he went ; he went a little way yagofe ; Q%y e Qmavale ; Qna . axia and saw a rat; when he shot he didn't hit; he went on yagotin ; Qrhiqkpawo ; Q^igy 6 5 qmavale ; and saw squirrel ; he took one ; when he shot ; he missed ; qna . axia ; Qxigxire ; oiyagofioto ; he went on ; he went small small ; and saw bush rat ; qf;gye, Qmavale ; qkwikerhene wobgli ; when he shot, he missed ; there remained four sticks in his hand ; Qnagaxia ; Qxigxire ; oiyagerqkpa ; he went on ; he went small small ; and looked at one tree ; 42 EDO TEXTS. Qxwe qwakotg ; a parrot was climbing from the ground ; it stopped on tlie tree ; yasumwQlfj ; qnarhierha ; 9^72* Qmavale ; it reached the top ; lie took sticks ; he threw, he missed ; QnarhiQkpa qfiyp qmavale ; Qnarhiqkpa qfiyo ; he took one he shot he missed ; he took one he shot ; Qmavale ; qkwgkQkpa Qnarhiqkpa ; QnafiQ cjdegbehra ; he missed ; there remained one he took one ; he shot he hit tree; erhadegbotp ; Qxwehia ; Qwulo ; qnamQxwe ; tree fell down ; parrot and all ; he died ; he took parrot ; Qnawoliga ; QmQxwefwa ; qxwehia, he picked feathers ; he threw parrot away ; all the parrot, qwololiga QviQxw^fua ; Qnafiebe he picked all feathers ; he threw parrot away ; he cut leaf qngwg; qnagbaloi; igani gnamu he opened one ; he tied them ; the feathers he took the qna . arie QnaQgQgg ; Qgisowa Qnagadiqgake ; he went he was glad ; when he got home he went to Ake house ; qnawake dodg ejbaxwe ; Akewghe he said to Ake come buy red feathers ; Ake said all right Qrhiise ; Qvignake ; qnavieweva ; akeyahale ; he took five ; he gave to Ake ; he took two goats ; Ake took to pay ; qnakba qnariQxwaihe ; qnawgdodeba ; he got up he went to Ochuaihe ; he said come buy red feathers ; Oxwaihew^he qnavise, qviqnoxwaihe ; Oxwaihe Ochuaie said " yes " he took five, he gave to Ochuaie ; Ochuaie qnavigbe ; ise qnaiyahale ; Qnakba ; gave pieces of cloth ; five he took to pay ; he stood up ; qnarigqvia ; qnaggvia dodebaxwe ; he went to Ovia's ; he said to Ovia come buy parrot's feathers ; Ov!anawejie; Qvlananqle inung ? qnawgbu ; Ovia said " yes " ; Ovia asked him " how much ? " he said " much " ; Ov!anawQkai; QnakaJ ; gkegale ululiwieva; Ovia said "count it" ; he counted ; when he counted it four hundred and two ; EDO TEXTS. 43 Ov?anaw ; wahowo ? Ovia said ; " What do you want for it 1 " he said he wanted person, he wanted cow ; he wanted beads ; he wanted fowls ; Ovfanawghe ; Ov?Qviomaise ; Qvigmilise ; Ovia said, all right ; Ovia took five persons ; took cows, five ; qnrarivie, ise; QXQXQ, ise; Ovfanavione qnavio beads, five ; fowls, five ; Ovia gave them he gave them qna . adie. Qgisowa, qdobowa ; he went. When he got home, he went and built house ; gnaxiqdafe ; OvTanaviQbaxwe ; Qnamunyahumu he became a rich man ; Ovia took red feathers ; put them on his head qniogjle OvTaiamwQgbe ; riagmqn ; umaleraedewu. that is what Ovia took to dress ; in this world : story falls down dead. XV. Qsiokwowagmgn ; Qsiokwokwoqlimi; QsiQgoi; Smoker in this world ; smoker in elimi ; each smoked his own ; qmofiegbo ; Qkwexiogo ; Qsiokwonagmqn ; he put it in bush ; it was a clearing (farm) ; he smoked in this world ; QsiQgoi ; qmokwQgbo ; Qxeogo. each his own ; he put it in bush ; it was a farm. XVI. Qmawu b^gb^ma aisame axwqle, When a man dies in our family we fetch water to wash him ^vaxwe ihio uwawa QgQgmg aiaxwgli ; soap loofah pot new to take wash him ; agijlukmQii ; ag;rhiukmQfi nofwaiio ; ewogmq we_tie him with cl-oth ; we can take white cloth ; a new mat ; 44 EDO TEXTS. aviowajukbo ; aidomolimiyo ; Q-gifit. we put it for bed ; we put it on the body ; we dig ground' agimweyo ; agiriema ; aiyaneji ; agafiosisi. we put it in ; we cook fufu ; we give to chop, we fire guns. agifioisi aigjkugalimi ailema When we fire guns we dance round the body we cook fufu> aiyaluwejowe ; ota wowie, Qdehino ; we take sacrifice to feet ; in evening and morning seven days ; Qgagba, aiyafioisi, buhumuge. aigaku ikeva (seven days) gone, we fire gun, at road boundary. We dance from there gade dosunurhu ; aikeva iviurlme ariowa come reach gate ; from there draw chalk into the house amgrhoioto, asegoyp, aialema aiyalue we put chalk down, we put cowries, we cook fufu we sacrifice aigatiej^hrama. Agaluwelowe, arhigwqkpa yotp. we call it our father. When we sacrifice to feet, we put one knee on ground. EguQkpa yotp magwa ; agarhieyoto, To kneel on one knee we forbid ; when we put it down, maigjdie.mi; magadioi evale,, ^kQgafiQmale ; aiyawafo, we don't eat ; if we chop food, belly bites us ; we take afo, aiyakunu, Qg^- we take it in mouth, that's all. XVII. Ahiame Qrhuinoyi, ahiame gdotu ; Erhumoyi Bird plantain eater, bird went and saluted him ; Erhumoyi naxamale kaxwe gaxia ; mairi^mi said to him from to-morrow go ; we don't eat anything edehino; nokawu agmQfimioi; ahiame wgh ; seven days who first dies world sees him ; bird said all right ;; EDO TEXTS. 45 ErhumoyiQtota ; at dawn Erhumoyi sat down ; oisugbo Qnariehie, ; when he got to farm he ate pepper Qkweriehie, ; e ( de ) gbe i de i gbe i he ate pepper ; every day Qmawu. Erhumoyi ohampgbe, ; he did not die. Erhumoyi was hungry ; wuhe ; ahiame Qnakba Qna.axia Qgiseva in his rump ; bird got up went when he got there Erhumoyiwu Qnagele ; Qkgke ; Qnagye ; Erhumoyi was dead he looked at him ; he was rotten ; he laughed ; Qmarij[mi ahiame Qnariugbo got no chop bird went to farm Qnadiowa Qdqg^gbe he went home at dawn qdehino QkwQriehie, ; seven days he ate pepper ; Qkewu, Qk^ke he died, he rotted qnaw^rhumoyi he said to Erhumoyi glokwia he was not a man Qnariowa ; he went home ; Qgsowa, when he got home, grhumoyiwu ; Erhumoyi was dead ; QWQinarigvole, he said he ate no chop, Qnatiko ; he called meeting ; ewokere ; town came ; they asked him ; griqnawu ; ;nananqle : so he died ; they asked : Qnatamina he told them Who killed him ?" nQ wo ? Where is he ? " Qwokqke ; he said " rotten " tf$ if he dies to-day, Jnanatiheng ; they abused him ; kqdogade from that day on Qi-humoyi Erhumoyi axwe to morrow is rotten. XVIII. Oisa, ugbo, ^WQ; Osawe, ; ugbona, at^gbugbona, Osa, farm, farmer; Osa said; the farm, till I finish this farm, agqgwi ; don't make palaver ; farmer said he heard : who gets a child, Qnaw Osalobwa he said to Osa don't bring his son wagarhoimobgre don't bring small children : 46 EDO TEXTS. agQginya ; e,gwa ; Osa Qgwane e.dgke.n ; dou't look at yams ; plant (yams) ; Osa planted yams on rest day ; qwg Qnariugbo ; Qnaiawinyawoto ; farmer went to farm ; he went took yams from ground - r qnalg; qnakedQlowQle, QW Qnawosalobwa : he cooked them ; he planted them back farmer said to Osalobua : aiginya ; Qgawone, agageje, ; let them not look yams ; when they are strong, we can look at it ^ qtie.le.ne nakiahino ; iny Osalobwa gmazp ; he said in seven moons ; Osa's yams did not grow \. qnag^le : inyoke,ke ; Osalobwa nawowe^ inyingk^ke ; he looked them : yam, rotten ; Osa said to farmer the yams rotten ; owg QWQma uxale : wqmoboggre ugbo ; farmer all right you said : don't bring small child to farm - uxale : qmobggare, agb^nutu ; Qli e,nagwa you said : if small child came, we kill it for utu ; so he said n^ginya, inyatQWg ; utuagagbe,na ; who looks yams, till yams strong ; we kill him for utu ; gwgnafiximi ; mobaiyoto ; Osalobwa the fanner [went to] cut iximi ; he put it for ground ; Osa lare, l^ho ninegboejktu ; Osalobwa nawghg ; come, he wants to kill him for utu ; Osalobua said " no " ; Xianm ; aiyatain^wo ; qlinana . ariowa : ^nagisowa go on ; go tell the country ; so they went home ; when they got home, Jnatiko, Qwokgre, Osalobwa gnatamgwo they called meeting, country came, Osalubua said tell country inyalemazg; glinqlag^le owe gkQgwa; Osalobwa his yams did not grow ; so he looked it farmer spoke ; Osalobua Qxamino qmobpgariugbo n^gbgnutu ; said to him if they bring small child for farm let him kill it for utu ; QninQnaxamoisa ; agaginya n^gbenutu ; so he said : tell Osa ; if we look yams let us be killed for utu ; le,gide ; Osaginya ; oiyenafiximi Qnarhiebk ; he came ; Osa looked yams ; so he cut iximi he put it upright j EDO TEXTS. 47 Qnawosagae ; mQggnutu ; Qwonaxa : he said to Osa, come ; let (me) kill (him) for utu ; country said : Osa umaluQse ; Qwe : lahp, kgti ; Osa you did wrong ; he said : I beg, stop ; from to-day on,, walema, aiyalutu ; Qmobogaiyugbo, if you cook fufu, sacrifice to utu ; if you take child to farm, agaginya ; Qkgdogade ; nqniQinobg, ogarhieyugbo ;. look yams ; from that day on ; who gets children, can take them to. farm ; ninyalemazp Qgaggle. whose yams don't grow can look them. XIX. Oviugwe QnawQrhai ; gwoisa ; A poor woman said to her father ; said to Oisa ^ QleriagmQ ; agmQfiiQrienalQgafe ? she was going to the world ; world which she was going to, she would reach ? Osa Qwinehoi ; QwinggidQviQ ; Osa Qnaw : Osa said all right ; she said she would buy a slave ; Osa said : Qninuewo ? Qnawigogboya ; Osalobwa Qnaw . axia ~ r your name what ? She said : " Igogboya " Osalobua said " go " ; aragmQ Qnaxa : QVIQ, so she went to the world she said ; slaves, which she would buy,. ;gwe, Qkpainypli Iggaviqleyi; in villages, two hundred and one she would put ; she came to the world ; akgbioi ; Qkwenwa some one bore her ; she grew she began to trade in market ; Qnado[a]dgvie ; QkweabigwQkpainygli ; she came buy slaves ; she put them in two hundred and one villages ; 48 EDO TEXTS. qmagjbie, when she put them in two hundred and one villages ; when she had no children ; qnakbaigbe Qnayaboig ; she got up she went to divine ; qnawqsokwoiyaqbo ; he said the only thing [is] you go to doctor ; nqbo rhigle let doctor take you Qbonarhitjle ; the doctor took her ; nemabie she had no children ariOsalobwa ; to go to Osalobua ; so she went to doctor ; gariewosalobua ; to go to Osalobua ; Osalobwanawqle qnawosalobwa : she said to Osalobua : when she got home Osalobua said to her noialuehiQle let her sacrifice to Ehi gariowa ; go home ; agb^milalehi ; kill cow for Ehi\ he said : one son remains, he said, it is Omobe ; Qmqbe, Omobe, he said, things won't please his eye ; she said just give him to me Osalobwanaw^gaxia ; qgisuwagmqnuwqlimi ; Osalobua said : go ; when she got half way between earth and ^dinOsalobwarhiene ; palm nut Osa gave her Qgisowadoxwe ; when she got home, she washed ; heaven ; qkerhijle ; she ate it ; she menstruated ; Qgixwena ; rhen she washed domiggbe ; come take body ; qk^iowahama ; then she became pregnant ; she saw [it was] Omobe ; that child grew up qk^dose nqlqmame ; he was old enough to marry wife norhioxwone ; iyena to give him woman ; his mother said Iqkqdosiyelai ; qkeariole ; he left his mother ; he went out ; she said to her husband : qkgdobie ; she bore child ; qkqdosiwu he got marks qnawiye he said to mother wQmaise ; " You are not grown yet" ; QkweyatuiyqnagmQn ; he went salute his mistress ; EDO TEXTS. 49 ;nakdoleljleaiiowa ; they ran follow him home ; iyenunQinairhioxwone ; his mother said she did not give woman to him : iyekedolawa ; mother went inside qkQdovikwehino ; she took seven women QnawiyQinase ; he said to mother not enough ; she gave to him ; iyeke.doviixwigbe ; mother gave him ten women ; she gave to him ; qnawinelioi he said " all right " Qnawiyomase ; he said to mother not enough ; ugb^nogelarhie when he wanted to take ncjyole ; he said he did not see woman that he liked iyenawe tobgle lairhie ; mother said he must go take for himself ; gnawin^lo he said he thought giyene e.gQline.garhielome. his mother, he would take and marry. Osalobwa qnawinekwi ; Qnawqinoihwiye ; Osalobua said he did not agree ; he said child does not copulate mother ; Qnawosalobwa ; iye legawarhie ; Osalobwa- he said to Osalobua ; mother he would take ; Osalobua lQwatiQlim;rbiare ; said " Call dead people come " nianiokagmgnre ; qlekQnadogba Qnawinobohiole ; which they bring from world " ; so they met he said to them settle the matter ; (jmoihwiyc ; :hild does not copulate mother ; gnawina doguriwuip he said : " they come look work qlimi nawinahoi; htaven said they heard Qnaw Osalobua ; he said to Osalobua : QiiawiyenQgarhie ; said, mother which he ;nanawiye they say mother he said, mother which he took glimi nawovieje Qxiowuxp ; dead people said her son was he goat ; QxiodQgbe ; qnawgwQwoxg ol^gamwiye ; is she goat ; he said he goat can copulate mother ; from that day QlqgQnoxiqwuxp o i liye i ge i naxiode i gbe ; qlo box2 gina mwiye he was he goat, his mother was she goat ; so he goat copulates mother ; II. E 50 EDO TEXTS. qlOsalobwaginaxaiineyp ; ^gompgadolQgbe wiye ; so Osalobua cursed for it ; children don't copulate mother ; ql^woxQgina ol^ginaxwiye. so he goat copulates mother. XX. Ewale, Osalobwa, qnaw, adeagmQfi; Ewale, Osalobua, he said, go to the world ; he said go and be king Qnawin^riQba ; qwinoyudo ; he said he would not be king ; he said he made Udo ; qwiiigyagbp ; qnawinggilai Qnawinehoi ; he said he made Agbo ; he said he would not go [Osa] said "I hear" ; qkqdorhivie ; Qnadorhigngrhieine ; Qnawgnomuyurhu ; he took beads ; he gave them to him to hold ; he said put them on your neck ; Qkqdosaiyurhu ; QnawinQgakiewa he put them on his neck ; he said when he brought Ewa (Otu for Osa) owowiowiQ ;nakiewa gnawinehoi he said bring it every morning they bring Ewa he said he heard OsalobvvanazQma ; qkgdorhiq,ba ; ag^tignakia ; Osalobua sent a man ; he took a nail ; when he counted three months ; Qnarhiaba Qnarhiqso ; qnawQtQgaviq he took the staple he put it in ground ; he said "he will sleep" when he slept ; he said (to another) go bring beads for me ;nakedoseva ;nakedofialiviewurhu when they got there they cut the beads from his neck akedorhiQgyosa ; gdek^dQgbe ; Osalobvvanaw^yatiQlere, they brought them to Osa ; day broke Osalobua said : go call him come, Qiiawgrhiviere qriyobprhainurliu qmag^mivie he said bring beads he took hand touch his neck he did not find bead EDO TEXTS. 51 Qnawaxamosalobwa nQmamivie ; QuawQriegjng he said tell Osalobua he did not see beads ; he (messenger) said bring it to him f>nawdqmamierhi;ri, qnawqdowuyo he said if he did not see them to bring, he said come, die for it Qnawalimiaine ; Qnawqlaho ; Osalobwanawin^kwi he said beg him for him ; he said " I beg "; Osalobua said he did not Qnaw, avelimieQmairae ; qnawguekwe he said, he can beg thing of a person ; he said he did not agree qnawQSokwadowu he said the only thing to do was that he must come and die qnawgnemaguagrnqna he said if a thing is not hard, he said he would not send him to this world gnawumawulai QnawQtininagagiyu he said "you didn't say you would go" he said he would go (Osa) (Ewale) Osalobwanawinegikwi Qnawainiminimiame ninagariagmQn Osslobua said he did not he said beg for me let me go to the agree world Osalobwanawinehpi Qnawe.dogaxia QnawuasagmQn Osalobua said he heard he said " go " he said " if you reach world " qnawejadoleyi Qnawinehoi he said " go make them better " he said " he heard " qnawgagggboxwohame Qnaw gQgbowg he said " don't kill pregnant woman " he said " don't kill farmer " Qnawinehoi; qnaw^le, qnagade, Qk^dodmagmQfl ; he said "he heard" ; he said, he was coming then he went to world ; ugbQnagidinagniQn^, qke/lo mwqwere, gk^dogbg when he got to the world, he brought farmer he killed him Osalobwanagagwi ; qkedomwoxwohamere, qkqdogbe, ; Osalobua made palaver he brought pregnant woman he killed her; Osalobwanawawa ; Qkedogbohgbp. Osalobwanawawa ; Osalobua said he forbad ; he killed priest. Osalobua said he forbad ; E 2 52 EDO TEXTS. QkgdqgbQdiQn, Osalobwanawawa ; qnawinehoi ; he killed headman, Osalobua said he forbad ; he said " he heard " ; gkgdogiesu QnawQyatiglire ; gkenalughrai ; he sent Esu he said go call him come ; place to sacrifice to his father ; evaaisunadotigle ; qk^dowu ; qnadodinoi^limi ; there Esu met and called him ; he died ; he came reached heaven ; OsalobwanawQl^maxamale ; gggbowele, gQgboh$bo, Osalobua said: did he not tell him ; don't kill farmer, don't kill priest, g^gbgbo ; gegawa ; qnawOsalobwanemagye ; don't kill doctor ; it is forbidden ; he said to Osalobua, he did not remember ; Osalobwanawghe Qnawgyaxiogeye ; Qnaiaxiale ; Osalobua said " all right " he said, go be crooked ; he went be it ; ugbgnggjxiQlQng ; Osalobwakgdotih^yo ugbQnog;tilieyone when he was it ; Osalobua swore for it when he had cursed it qnawQk^lQgalai Qgoieniokglogiluke he said from to-day on (Ewale) should go lame glagj^lagboxwaini ^lag^lagbgdign so that they did not kill pregnant woman so that they did not kill headman agagbgdi^fi, agagb^lewe agboxwamew^ko if they kill headman, they kill goat if they kill pregnant woman and her belly (child) izuemure adqloto ; let them bring two hundred things to sacrifice to Aluoto ; Qnawagegbgbo ; qlosalobwanaxameyo ; he said don'fc kill doctor ; so Osalobua cursed for it ; Qnawusiqmulino agiyagadglotp he said there are two hundred things to sacrifice to Aluoto glaginawa. from to-day on ; so they don't do it again so [it is] forbidden. EDO TEXTS. 53 XXI. Qgbugbo, Qdo^ki ; nprnane ; npmowa ; ;nanagareva ; Farmer, trader; husband; householder; they live there; ohamqkqgagbina ; nqmowa qwuhamqgbuwe ; hunger troubled them ; householder said hunger flogs you ; nqgbugbo qwuhamQfi ; nqdugki qwuhamQgbugbe ; farmer said hunger plenty ; trader said hunger too much ; nqmoxwo qwuhainqgbugbe ; inanawgha : husband said hunger is too much ; they said " ha " : Bagalue ? Nqmogbo qwinemenya owinQmamoxwo What can we do 1 Farmer say here yams says he has no woman nqgalema ; nqmameonawQfinyare qnafinyare ; who goes cook f ufu ; husband says " bring yams " he brings yams ; qgjfinyare ; qnawoxwona dolema when he brings yams ; he says to woman cook fufu qnawehe ; qkqme.xe ; qwinqmameof^gmqn ; she says '' yes " she puts pot on fire ; she says she has no palm oil ; qwinqmameume ; qwinqmamehie ; she says she has no salt ; she says she has no pepper ; qnawg nqdu^ki : uwurhiqre ; qnawgb.6 ; nqdugki she says to trader " you pay don't bring ? " he said " yes " trader qk^fioge ; qnalema ; axeke/loga ; axqgi,gane brings to her ; she cooks fufu; pot was done ; when pot was done qnaw nqmoxwo ; dodumema ; qnawinedumu ; she said to husband ; corne beat fufu ; he said he would not beat qw ; dodumema ; noyainia qnawg "farmer"; come beat fufu; "who gets yams" he said mogadumema Jdumu ; nqmowa dodumema ; " I go beat fufu " " I don't beat " ; householder, come beat fufu ; Jdumu ; moiniowame ; nunalema ; I don't beat ; I get my house ; where you cook fufu ; ugyiiawawo ; Odnqki dodumema " if you get house (what then) " ? Trader come beat fufu ; 54 EDO TEXTS. Jdumu; bqze ? Mqmoinyahie ; moinyume; I don't beat ; " Why ? " I get pepper ; I get salt ; moinyofigmgn ; naialema ; Qnaw^he ; I get palm oil ; to take cook fufu ; she said " all right " dqmanagagetalQma ? Akgtalamaiwo ; which man do we tell 'I They talk to the country ; Qwonaw^geabu 5 dQmanagibwele ; country said it could not settle it ; who now go settle it ; tokmosalobua ; Osalobwanature ; bQxi ? Nggbugbo except Osa ; Osa came down ; what is it 1 ' Farmer qwinonainya glinQwidumema ; nqmame said he had yams so he said he did not beat fufu ; husband owinoinyame nqlenema Qlingwidumenia ; said he had wife who cooked fufu ; so he said he did not beat fufu ; nqdugki nonyaimi nalema ; QlinQwidumema ; trader got things to cook fufu ; so I say he did not beat fufu ; noiniowa moiniowame ; ^nanalema ; householder I get my house ; where they cook fufu ; QlinQwMumu ; Osalobwanawgh^ ; gnaw ngmowa ; so he said I did not beat Osa said : " all right " ; he said to house- holder ; akpawama lawowa, Qgara ? Qnawu . ama ; if they didn't go inside your house, can it be warm 1 He said you are no good; nqmame ; timogbo ; umiengrhiny; a ; to husband ; you have no farm ; you don't see who brought yams ; nqwoxal! ; uwflduiuu ? ugama ; which your wife cooks ; you say you don't beat ? you are no good ; nqgbugbo wenomenya ? etutinyale ; wumiQiigli ? Farmer you who get yams 1 you roast yams eat ; you see who cooks ; wumi^nolema ; uwftdumu ? ugama ; you see who cooks fufu ; you say you don't beat ? you are no good ; nqdu^ki Qkyndo umami^male ; trader to market you go [trade] you don't see fufu to eat ; EDO TEXTS. 55 umienolemanya ; uwuduimi ; you see who cooks fufu now ; you say you don't beat fufu ; ugama de,de,de ; Qnaw Orhieha ; you are no good for ever and ever he said " three men " ; jnagadolorhioxuQkpade.de.de. UmalQmQdewu. they don't go take one woman for ever and ever. Story falls down dead. XXII. Igifiemido (I do not miss anything), Emigherameme (thing does not touch me), jnaieva ; !Eniigherame i nie i Q ) nmdia unugwQba; Ig;figmidQmudia these two ; Emigherameme stood up in palace gate ; Igifiemido stood Qnukgdo; Qkwekewafiohabo; iferoe, QwalQmigherame.me;; on hill of Edo ; he shot bow from there ; arrow hit Emigherameme ; QkanqrQlQbo ; Qkwegwotio; Ig;fiQmidokwegade ; bead was on his hand ; it broke it ; Igifiemido came (back) ; when he Qgiseva; Qwokwial^xi, owinoigjfie.mido ; got there ; he said he was a man, he said he did not miss anything ; Emigherameiije, qwokwia ; Qwemirhamino. Emigherameme said he he was a man; hesaidthingdidnottouchhim. QmanQreva ; owuwaiva ; okwiauaxi. A man was there ; he said : you two are men. XXIII. OviawanQkbisp ; ;nahino, iyenakgbina ; Pups [dog belly big] ; these seven, their mother bore them ; atalakpak^bie ; Qk^biQinihino. Atalakpak^tiawa, leopard bore ; she bore seven cubs. Leopard called dog, QnawinagaiQin^, qkpqkpa, njdagalunie. she said they take sons, one one, to go cook unie (soup). 56 EDO TEXTS. Awanaw^lehone ; qnaw ; Atalakpawokabie ; Dog said I hear ; she said ; Leopard you bore first ; uvvegbokpawowe. AtalakpakeinumQkpa Qgbe ; kill one of your own. Leopard took one killed it ; Qimialunie ; atalakpazoboljgiawa ; she went cook soup ; leopard took a fore leg of it to the dog ; awakelaloi ; Qrhialuerhe ; qdeg^gbe, dog licked it ; she put it in smoke of fire ; at dawn, awanarhiobatalakpa, Qnaiofigmowgle, qkile ; dog took fore leg of leopard, rubbed it with palm oil, cooked it ; QnarhiQgiatalakpa. Edenok^le, ^dQgigbe ; took it go to leopard. Next day at daybreak ; atalakpagb^gbovi^le ; qvesubr>legiawa ; leopard killed another son ; took it and gave it to dog ; awawQrhiehi ; dQg;gbe, qyalunie, grhiesogyatalakpa ; dog put it away ; at dawn, she made soup, gave some to leopard ; atalakpa leopard killed her sons finish ; gave legs to dog ; nqzQgieni qgphiehi; edeqgbe QgQr;giatalakpa. what she gave to dog she kept ; at dawn she gave it to leopard. Oviatalakpagifo ; Qgisedokpa, atalakpa Sons of leopard were all finished ; it reached one day, leopard qnaw^laiyatuawa. QgisungrliQle ; Qnahogawa said she was going to visit dog. When she reached gate ; she heard dog woviqle ; inagwa; Qnaweawa magbivi^le. and her sons ; they were talking ; she said dog does not kill her sons. Qnawe gdenqgariehi, igadogbgn^vi^le. She said day when she goes away, I will come kill her sons eat. Qk^dogbawakia, awakehgto ; QgihgtoriQ, It reached three months, dog washed her hair ; when she had washed qnavrine: l^lagariugbo ; QiiawiviQlena, she said: she was going to farm; said all her pups; Qlagafieowa; atalakpagagbingle ; if she leave them in the house, leopard would kill them ; EDO TEXTS. 57 Qnavina, Qnaviaxame; gkggwele ; she took them, put them in water pot ; she covered it ; Qgjkpaigbene, atalakpanagade ; Qk^gwanowaihia when she got up, leopard came ; she looked all about qmamina; Qnawjli lasam^nwo ; did not see them ; she said She was going to take water drink ; ogifiuboiaxegolasame oviawanqkbizo when she put hand for pot take water the pups Qkgfianubnle. Onawe : Qmaniaima ; cut her hand. She said : This person is no good ; awarieheng, Qkwevi^graale, Qkqviogagaxame ; dog has eaten fish, she takes their bones', she puts them round water pot ; iwagasamema, Jgmak^SQmobo ; nqnagwani ; I say, if you take water here, bones prick your hand ; as she spoke ; Qnahogawade, QnalggiyQkowa ; ilegarie. she heard dog coming, she went into back house ; she ran went home. AwakQlawa, gviawanqkbizo Qkglgnadia, qnawiye : Dog reached house, pup came out to her said : mother atalakparigma ; Qgwalotogqloxumn, Qmalewuwaxame, leopard came here looked down, looked up, did not know water pot, qluvi(jmaihi Qgilamwanie ; j^nafiamobQle ; there you keep us she wanted to drink water ; they pinched her hand ; qnawe : Qmodauxi ; ovif>yo;gnieheyaxe. she said : bad sons you are ; sons put fish bones for pots. Iyew : Giahaime ; QniQdauxi. Edegivj[gbe, Mother said : Shut up, son bad you are. At dawn, awanaw;riQki. Wogaviqdqlehi ? the dog went to market. Which side I keep them safe ? Qnaw ; wogavinaihi ? Qloviawanqkbizo qnawg : she said ; where keep them ? so pup said : iyemolunina ; iyeuawuwaiyalu ? iyemune ; Mother give them thread ; mother, said what to do ? Mother gave it ; qnabakukgkegiadQsegodo ; qnadqluyo ; he put pegs for middle of mud ; he tied thread for it ; 58 EDO TEXTS. QkeyadQlerhurhumowa ; he went tie it on top of roof; he took brothers six ; qnaviohierhurhumowa. Jnanaiatotaerhurhumowa; lie put them on top of roof. They sat down on top of roof ; onawiyegarigki. Atalakpanare, qgwalowa ; he said, mother go to market Leopard came, looked round house ; oviawanqkbizo qnaweginama ; Qnaw : pups said look at them there ; she said : d^kelunahiQle ? Qnawg : gqlunQrauQsegodo ; which place you climb ? she said : look at thread which is middle of mud ; qlilaihiQle ; atalakpanagarhiulu ; there I climbed ; leopard took thread ; she climbed ; ogihi^lesad^seneva, oviawanQkbizo when she climbed half Avay, pup cut cotton ; atalakpakgdodQ ; Qk^muhurnQbaiyotg ; Qkgwu; leopard fell ; she knocked head on ground ; she died ; oviawanQkbizo qketure ; Qnadorawatalakpa ; gnadovai ; pup came down ; he took leopard ; he cut it up j qnamwimike ; iyek^k^kire ; Qnaw : he put chop on fire ; mother came from market ; he said : iyegbatalakpa. Qnawubwaiagbe ; Qnaw ; mother, I kill leopard. She said : What you take kill ? he said ; qhiaduxumude ; Jnafiulu ; qk^dodg ; Qnawu. she climbed up come ; they cut thread ; she came fall ; she died. lyek^gqgq ; inakgdoriatalakpafo ; gnawiye ; Mother was glad ; so they ate leopard finish ; they said to mother; ileselogwqmadia ; gnarhi^mi ; Qid I like to stop for person ; he took things ; when he came Qg^rhamosagbodo. ^rhamosagbodo 2b.eukgbqxqxQ. he saw Ehramosagbodo. Osa was taking fowl calabash. Qnaw: dovava; qnawe, mure, i,mukpaluwe ; HP said : hail, father ; he said, bring, I take help you ; QmwihQne ; qkalil^xia ; ;nakgdosugbo ; he gave him the load ; he followed him go ; they reached farm ; EDO TEXTS. 59 qnawukqgbqxqxq ; jnanaganwina, qk^t^rbamosa; he opened fowl calabash ; they worked, he called Osa ; qnaw& ; ukobozo ; qsikqkenewawina ? he said ; small bush fowl ; are they near place where I work 1 ^rhamoisa onawghe; qnawinoiilegaiya, ukw;fieli. Osa said yes ; he said he was going to make trap. rhamoisanaw : qmowime. Qnakbaigbe; qnariqfioha; Osa said : good, my son. He got up ; he went into bush ; qgiseva ; qgbqnqxqxqeva ; qvieyodq ; when he got there ; he killed two fowls ; he put them there ; qkqgade ; qgisqkqhramosaiyi ; qnawqlebaba, ukobozo, he went ; when reached where Osa was ; he said ; father, fowl bugbe bugboa ; qwinekwifi^. Inanagariwina ; plenty on this farm ; he said he made trap for them. They worked ; qgisota qnawinqlakjfi ; Qgiseva ; at evening he said he would go look trap ; when he got there ; qnaviqxqxoni ; qkqwqloi ; qnavione ; qkggade. he took the fowls ; he cleaned them ; he took them ; he went. qg;seva ; qk^viomiehramosa, qnawinggbukobozoeva. When he got there ; he took show Osa, he said he killed two fowl. luakeviqxqxqevani,. ^nak^lqle ; qd^munakqlovie. They took those two fowl, they ate them ; day dark they lay down. Eyqlu ; qk^gbine qxqxq ^hramoisafo. Qgisqg ]b.ramoisaw So he did ; he killed fowls of Osa finish. When it was time Osa said : ilagariowa, qnatoviawanqkbizo ; qnawqle; I am going home, he said to pup ; he said : iaviqxqxqre; qnagariowa; qnawqle: bwamqxqxoiyi ? go bring fowls ; he went home ; he said : which side you put fowl ? ^lolulekqnadQSugade ? In^naukobozona. Is it not those you eat from the time you come ? They are the ukobozo. Ehramoisa . qnarhihmnwh^rie, qnaxuhe ; qg;xwe Osa took whip, he drove him ; when he drove him 60 EDO TEXTS. Qk^dosekenowabodi. he reached place for making palm wine. Qnadogakajnypwotp ; He came meet calabash of palm wine for ground ; he jumped went inside. JjjhramoisQnawQkpemainyp ihi ukqre ; Osa said" palm wine man take palm wine out of calabash ; numotolune. QlQkpenamwainyq' ; Qnamukare ; you give me dregs." The man took palm wine ; he brought calabash ; Qk^kotple ; qkqmuwghramoisa. ^hramoisa there remained dregs ; he gave it to Osa. Osa QkQinuko, gwinelamuda ; qgimw^riunu. took calabash, said he wanted to drink it ; when he took it put to mouth. Qviawanqkbizo asafiolalo ; gnalovialo. Pup jumped go into his eye ; that is the pupil. XXIV. EZQUIO agmqn ; qkwegaxqn ; qgikQx;li ; Ezomo world ; he was at war ; he was continually at war ; qnawine gaxoiiso ; he said he was going to make war on sky ; he got boys ; Qnatiiia ; Qnawinigierhare ; inanaw^he ; he called them ; he said go cut sticks and bring them ; they said all right ; inana . axia ; inanagierha ; inanaviqlere ; they went ; they cut sticks ; they took them and brought them ; inagisowa ; Qnawina ; "gbai Qgbalaka ; when they got home ; he said to them ; tie ladder ; koto yasiso ; qlagbai ; Jnagise from earth to go to heaven ; so they tied it ; when they were , Qgbalaka qbun ; Jnahiakqvqgbalaka midway, ladder broke ; they all with the ladder EDO TEXTS. 61 inadggboto ; inawulo ; EzQmagmQ grhioboiyunu fell to ground ; they died ; Ezomagmo put hand to mouth qnatibigka ; Q \vehe uli ; qwina ; called boys ; other two hundred ; he said to them ; ugbai egbalaka ; yasiso ; inanaweh^ ; tie ladder ; to go reach heaven ; they said all right ; jnak^gbai ; jnagigbai, Qgilasie iso ; they tied it ; when they tied it, when it was near sky ; Qgbalaka obu ; qd^gboto ; jnawulo ; EzQmagmQ ladder broke ; it fell to ground ; they died ; Ezomagmo nawina ; Qwehe uli walare; bwggbalaka; said to them : other two hundred come ; go tie ladder ; yasiso ; uwa ; geyerhagbai ; waiyudi ; to go to heaven ; all of you ; don't take stick tie ; take palm tree ; gbai ; ;nawhe ; ;nakggbai ; kotqkpa tie it ; they said all right ; they tied it ; from ground go yasiso ; qgisiso jnaketure ; reach heaven ; When it reached sky they came down ; EzQmagniQ owubigkale ; la\va ; aviukof^gmofire ; Ezomagmo said to the boys ; go home ; go bring calabashes oil ; ;nawhe ; ^nanalawa ; ;nakeviofigmQn they said " yes " ; they went home ; they brought calabashes of oil uli aviehia ; EzqmagmQ gwuna ; two hundred they took all ; Ezomagmo said to them ; amofigmgh gkbgkpa yQgbalaka ; inawehe ; take oil one by one on ladder ; they said all right ; inanamwe iyggbalaka ; kotokpa yasiso ; they took it on ladder ; from ground go reach sky ; ofigrnqn Qk^so ; Qmanqhi^gbalaka ; qkweture ; oil went reach sky ; person who climbed ladder ; came down : Qgisotp EzQmagmQ QnamwgkpQti Qxai, when he reached ground Ezomagmo took box of powder, Qnamwioto Qnaw : Jbigkale, wakpawowa ; put it on ground said: boys, come out of house; 62 EDO TEXTS. ^biQkale qkpawowa. Qnamwere ; boys came out. They took it ; they take powder; Qxaibale ; mufigmqfi ; ofigmgbale ; qbaxiayasiso ; powder lighted ; (they) took oil ; oil lighted ; flame went reach sky ; qsiso, isogwQvoi ; ivi^limi ;nanade ; adeyotp ; it reached sky sky broke ; sons of Blind came ; came down ;nagisoto , ;narhiux^re ; iriarheyotp ; when they reached ground ; they take uxure ; put it for ground ; EzQinagmQ, ugamqrno, uteyawu ; nQkpare ; Ezomagmo, you get no son, till you go die ; another came ; EzQmagmo ugamQmp utewu ; EzQmagmQ Ezomagmo you don't get sou till you die ; Ezomagmo qwinehoi ; EzQmagmQ gmabie oriri ; Qkwewu. he said heard Ezomagmo had no child at all ; he died. Evanade,. There it falls. XXV. Oviugwesasa ; amogiso Poor woman was not well for, skin ; wife of Ogiso Esago wQmada ; ;nana.gareva ;naweh4 ; and Omada ; they live there they say " all right QniQmirQkrja ; ;goviugwe Qmotoi ; Ogisonawqle they have nothing ; poor woman had her laud ; Ogiso said to her filgma ; ;nanaminotoi ; ;nanaw : you are not a person ; they took her land from her ; they said ; " m." Qgizgkpg, Qiiawogiso ; " m " [all right]. When it went on, she said to Ogiso : kwanaxavQdioh^ ? Qnawinenjmegatwp, why do you say so 1 she said to him let me go salute you, Qnawgh^ ; OgisonQkpa ; qrioduwowa. Asqn he said " yes" ; Ogiso got up ; went inside house. At night EDO TEXTS. 63 qkgmoxwo, qnaviolalo he got woman, he took her eye qnavioyorhiQve ; he put it for kola dish ; qnawomarqkpa ag^tamixwo ; he said no one must tell woman ; QnakebiQnalehp ; he cut her ear ; he covered it Qnatiqmadahia ; he called all omada ; edgngdehingle every day for seven days the small omada made music. Qiiawov He said to poor sick woman ; wagwata uviqle ; if you speak you take it ; the property ; she said all right : ixwqrie ; women of king ; qnawina ; he said to them jnana . axia they went they come and say thing which is in kola dish ; omada said all right ; Sviqmadani qsioviugwesasa ; qkgkwakpata. friend of poor sick woman; niyeme my mother's eye is in kola dish umagwata qwili ; if you don't speak it's lost ; Qdehinogjgba ;nanainwegbe in seven days they dressed jnanalawogiso ; they went to Ogiso's house ; nqririnqle, thing is in kola dish who ever knows it, nggiwaleva ; n^giviqne ehianawehd. I share it ; and give it to him all said yes. Esagolata, qkairigtai ; ixwonirgriebehi ; Esago spoke, head woman spoke ; all women of king's house together ; inamalqle ; anawoviugwesasa they don't know it ; they say to sick poor woman dotawe ; qmadanamwegbe; nulole ; the omada said : get ready ; you know it ; inanawQta ; qnawevinawgta ; they said " speak " ; she said " What do they say she must say " ; ninqrie.ve ; onawalona ; they said thing in kola box ; she said " the eye " ; oviqmadawokegqgq ewShiananagqgqwe ; small omada was glad all the country was glad for her ; this is his country come tell your own ; oviugwenaw^li^ ; poor woman said yes 64 EDO TEXTS. anawogiso ; oxwona olemingrorigve ; they said to Ogiso ; this woman knows what is in kola dish ; dovigfene ; onawaniinenQ ezedgrhigmine ; go give her wealth ; he said she is his wife he would give her nothing ; anawumarhiemine otowuxumu Qgakugbe, they said if you don't give her things ground and sky go mix, umarhiQmine ? qnawehd ; kerha, kqwe, kqxQXQ, you don't give her things ? he said all right ; wood, goat, fowl, kQtnila, kqma ; Qnavwaleva ; jnanagbagale ; cow, persons ; he divided into two ; they shared it ; oviugwesasa Qnaiakmqmqrnada glogisgginawu ; poor sick woman goes thank small omada so when Ogiso died ; oxwona oviugwesasa QnalawQmada qlQgilQdQriaginqme. the poor sick woman went to omada that is the husband she married. Umalemqdewu. Story falls down dead. XXVI. Erialue, amati Qrialue Once upon a time, if we don't say once upon a time QmqnQdo Qgiaxa. Ogiso Qnadogiuko ; in language of Edo we can't tell a story. Ogiso sent a messenger : qnagie Qg w i woviakota. Edena . axia he sent tortoise and dog. The ' day they started Qgwinawoviakota : agadiova. Ql^gwi tortoise said to dog : let [them, i.e.] us take titles. So tortoise qnatie owaibia ; Qloviakota onatie Ologotogo. called himself " We all " ; Dog called himself " Quick runner." QyV. agidumeraamure ; The provider when they beat, brought fufu ; EDO TEXTS. 65 nnawawoxa gamwemagie ; awoxana, tortoise said to boy for whom do you bring fufu ; the boy said, nemwemagie. QlQgwinonatiowaihia "for you all" he brings fufu. So tortoise who was willed " We all" qnarhiemale. Erialue bggbehiabggbehia Qriqna took yams and ate. It happened every day so ohamQgboviakota ; gnasedqkpa oviakotagihokoikoi ; hunger devoured dog ; one day dog heard beating fufu ; Qnagarieva ; owedodinuhumutiku ; he went there ; he said he would go up refuse heap ; Qnawawoxani mukumqzo. Awoxauinawe owaihia he said to boy give me peelings. Boy said : to you all Qlgmwemagie ; qloviakotanawe : Qgwilqle owaThia ; he brought fufu ; so dog said : Tortoise is we all ; QiiawQloi, oviakota Ologotogo ; awoxani he said he, dog, is Quick runner ; boy gnagaxamerhaiwiye. Qlinawg ologotogo : gade ; went tell his father and mother. So they said to dog : come ; ;nagamwemagie. Qmakpeva anagglemwemamure. they took fufu gave him. Not long after as they said thev brought fufu. Qnawawoxani : agamamwemagie ? Ologotogo. He said to boy : For whom do you bring fufu 1 For Quick runner. Qnaw ta ; onamagwaxawerhaiwiy^gigle. He said " ta" ; he does not know how to give message of father and mother. Awoxan Qnaw : igwaxa. Qlolologotogo Boy said I know how to give message. So Quick runner qnarhiema. Owaihia ologotogo : ugwariema ? took his fufu. We all said to Quick runner : " You don't go eat yams ? ;tiarhiema ; Qfiqmagbava ; ernafQkma ; they bring fufu " ; he cut fufu in two ; fufu finished on plate ; Qiewonatiua inadqkpehQnina. Inakedomw^mila So the place said they go give presents to them. They brought cow II. F 66 KDO TEXTS. amunowaihia ; ak^domw^si nologotogo. and gave it to We all ; they brought horse for Quick runner. Ugbeni agjdosode qmilas^tiaxia. Ologotogo When they go reach road cow could not go. Quick runner wqsinaxia. Qlowaihia : Ologotogo, Ologotogo, and horse went on. So We all called Quick runner, Quick runner, Ologotogo diaxeme ; agbirabiyuwe. Quick runner, wait for me ; may they kill your father and mother. Ologotogonamudia ; Owaihia Qkgdiseva ; ejnilaisgtiaxia ; Quick runner stopped ; We all got there ; cow can't go, wediaxerae. Oyanagaxia. Omagikwi Ologotogo you wait for me So they went on. Soon Quick runner WQsi Qsowaihialai odygke ; gkewqtie : and horse left We all behind on road ; he called : Ologotogo, diaxeme ; agb;rabiyuwe. Quick runner, wait for me ; may they kill your father and mother QgidosekpQrio owaihianodogbemila ; When he reached top of hill " We all killed cow ; Qiiafiukpalame nologotogo ; Ologotogo he gave tip of tongue to Quick runner ; Quick runner rhiukpalameinila otgtalame; inakedagaxia. put tip of cow's tongue under his tongue ; they went on. Qlowaihia Ologotogo : ogasQze, So We all said to Quick runner : When we reach the river, agaxwe ; agabalame iy^gbunu. Ugbeni we wash ; we go throw water back in mouth. When they Owaihia nologotogo. agaxwe ; reached river We all said to Quick runner ; we wash ; inabalamiyQgbunu. they threw water back in mouth. Inake.doxwe.fo ; inakedgkbaigbe ; inake ( doloke ) ze ( fo ; They finished washing ; they came out ; they reached top of hill ; EDO TEXTS. 67 Owaihia Ologotogo diaxeme, agbirabiyuwe. We all said to Quick runner wait for me, may they kill youi father and mother. Ologotogonamudia. Owaihiagjseva QnawgnOlogotogo ; Quick runner stopped. When We all got there he said to Quick runner ; ukpalamgmilame. Ologotogo mamiukpalamQmila ; the tip of cow's tongue. Quick runner did not find tip of cow's tongue ; Qnawg QmamiukpalaraQmila. Olologotogonagbgsin ; he said he did not find tip of cow's tongue. So Quick runner killed horse ; QnarhwikpalamQsine nowaihia. Owaihia qnaw^ : he took tip of horse's tongue for We all. We all said : Qgomeyenia ; Qlologotogo nakw^sihiane ; mine is different ; so Quick runner took and gave all the horse ; Qlologotogo gnagariodalu ; qnagatqgbqreyotp ; So Quick runner went on in front ; he went and buried himself in ground ; owaihaigjseva, qnaw^ : Smiakenot^namalu ; when We all got there, he said : I never saw place where ground has eyes ; qkikwQsi oku^mila ; QkQvionotpnamalu ; he sacrificed horse and cow ; he gave them to ground that has eyes ; qnaw^ : igewoyQgeme ; Q, viukpQne ; he said ; I see where it is looking at me still ; he gave loin cloth ; oy^gQine ; ^mw^kiafivi ; Q viqne ; it is looking at me still ; he took penis and testicles ; he gave them ; oyggQme; Qnatul^mu Qgogiso. Qgisowa it is looking at me still ; he ran tell Ogiso. When he reached the house qnawogiso " ta " ; aivQnogiegawQno ; he said to Ogiso "ta" ; no one to king says bad thing ; imiokenotgnomalu. QlOgisqnagie gkparurhu, I see place where ground has eyes. So Ogiso sent ants, Qlaxwe onwo, kgrninogixohia ; ugbeni [of different kinds], with all bad things ; when F 2 EDO TEXTS. gmag^mie could not find he said ak^dosek^notgnomalu, Owaihia they reached place where ground has eyes, We all Qk^notgnqmalo ; qlekparurhu inasai ; place where ground has eyes ; so ants bit him ; giimes;kQ(lo ; qnalaw^kbiku, let me go on ; he went under dry leaves, when they looked for it ; jnaniag;iuio ; qlasaka inagahwqlQxia. they did not see it ; so ants began to look for him. XXVII. Inaihino, ^rhinabina, iyenabina ; Seven men, their father bore them, their mother bore them ; erhinanabokbina ; their father troubled them ; ;nadomwa ; they came grow ; (grew up) okwo ; jnana.axia to war ; they went ; inakemwglogye ; they took the ogye he sent them ;nagiseva ; when they got there they fought, jnakegyagina ; they cut them ; jnana.adiowa; they went home ; they put it down : qnawinagQXQre said " don't wash hunter wa* hiding ow&nafina. hunter shot them. they caught his servants ; they caught his wife's servants ; ;navigkboki ; they put them in a box ; Jnak^gweli ; they covered it ; small one carried it ; Jnagis^ze when they reached river yiawmagaxwe, they said they would wash, small one ;nawqtinaxwe they said they would wash bokgze. on the bank of the river. ;namale thev didn't know He shot the eldest They fall into river ; Qs^nukpogieva ; he shot the second ; EDO TEXTS. 69 Qsgiiukpogiha ; qkwesinaihino fofe.le ;nanainu, he shot the third ; he shot all seven they took (the box), ;nanariowa ; jnag;xiaxe.re ; nqdiode, QWU ; they went home ; they went a little way ; eldest fell, he died ; nukpogieva Qde QWU ; nukpogiha ; Jnehakewu ; second fell ; died ; and the third ; all six died ; ne.xe.renariowa. Qgisowa ; there remained the small one; small one went home. When he got home, Qdovairhai qtotaibale ; he came and met his father he sat on the seat on verandah ; Qnad^gue owunarienewo ; Erhanaw^ : he knelt he said they are come back ; father said : EtuQwo ? Qwimawu ; Qwunaxqle ; Where your brothers ? he said they are dead ; he said they fought ; ;nagbog;e ;nagbodibo, ^nagbaniQbp ; they killed the king they killed king's servants, they killed king's wives' servants, QWQguhumina ; qrhiQbomaxumu ; he said look their heads ; he took his hand round his head ; gde QWU. he fell he died. - Erhainamavie, iyenagavie, Osalobwa ke.ladie. His father cried, his mother cried, Osa came. Qnaw^hrai : Bqxi ? ke.nowie.gade. He said to father : what is it ? from morning come. Qnawivie.le.wulo ; Osalobwa Q.nariumwe.rie He said his sons were dead ; Osa took whip Qnarie.node Qkwegafienale, inake.rhiqre, he went on road he whipped them, they woke up, ngdigngkawu Qnawunegide ; eldest who died first he said he would not come ; owune,rieme.linime Osalobwa nawghe". he said he was chopping fufu in Elimi Osa said "all right.', 70 EDO TEXTS. qk^vienise gadiowa ; oisowa ; Qnarhi^xwai He brought the five home ; he reached home ; he took medicine qnatigbg ; qwowiyeva inaigagiyokwo. he swore by it ; he said both brothers they should not go war. Evamalemgnadewu. Story falls down dead. SECTION II TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. PART II. TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. ISHAN. IKUA. 1. Record 2I2a. Ogie qkpa riwgdo ; nonia ikekp na rebe big ng bona King one was at Edo ; he had all the country and these towns Esa, Urumu, Agbede, Ewu, OkpQrna, Ukpoji, Ishan, Uromi, Agbede, Ewu, Okpoma, Ukpoji, Usobo, Agbp. Arnaho, Igweben, bi Iha ; oigbomi Sobo, Agbor, Amaho, Igweben, and Iha ; and many imalgbatio emili. Egerniulepamairi okaimQ gkpa whose names I don't know. At time of new yams chief one mwemele Qkparegiore, QbQ, nqborun; gkg brought one cow and gave it to him goats plenty, fowls nQburun, gkenqko nqborun, ohua nQborun bi izagwa plenty, eggs plenty, sheep plenty and dog namunogiere luemiukpe. he gives to king te sacrifice for New Year. 74 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. 2. Record 212&. Okqnle War ribi eyemie there was no chance everywhere and in all towns, gialayeki, sukma eyaki munu sisi to go to market, unless men had guns more, neha rehima mere, sukimo, ekw ha eeki ; adehaba to guard their wives as they go to market ; without that lurip e,bo lo kimunere ekimunere xie. people catch them and sell them. 3. Record 2l2c. Eboro Qkpa natio rimule, Village one was called Imule, ngrgnuuku ; kqne egeni kirg to fight Uku ; when men got eboro ne mamabu eda munekele, many and captured the rest. edibaidumebo was joined to Idumebo sQbuku, qda gbe to Uku, they killed Man who had power nulagbQn okiha ; from people ; kamunagbgn big people, 4. Record 213. rha made ulogie ; king ; egbgre made himself from emmi something uwe.de, rebe kina ramudokqnre,. all roads were shut owing to the war. gkalu he seized Qlilime things ogie ; okigbobirio, king ; he seized bobagbgn nekgre ; from small people ; Edqkpa okQflre da vai One day war came ISHAN TEXTS. b^bo rqkpa ; to one country ; kakiwuwa ; to their houses ; Ek?vie ge When they cry Qdata ma he told his nehagbihgren. to dance. edabagbqfi nema murqbu ; edamunele they killed many people ; they took many i ;bioele biena rnunp kakiwuwa. of some they took the families to their houses. monugie kirehQfl ; oda ne nibi ogle van. the king hears ; he was vexed with their families. ibo kare negbelega; qdatama lekagie, servants to flog them ; he told them to laugh, 5. Record 2136. Agbqn Qdel kadggokpia ^dagare In olden time when a man wanted to okwo, marry a woman, okgrhep gkihilo he paid nine hundred and eighty cowries nabale to father her gwQmQne, qkorhg kaiyqkqkpa, as dowry, he paid one fowl, he Qrhgnabale took to her father gwemQnQ, okiripnoxwo kahiawa. to settle the affair then he took woman home. dakare karamqne ^SQkigkpadakadaharekaramoii; No one can use umbrella only he alone uses umbrella ; dekoiya if any one batama does it isaiki, without permission, Qkigbqle. he flogs him. 6. Record Agbgnedede Qdqkpa abamenokwa Qri bukukwo bodewora In olden time one day grandfather was on bed at Ewora 76 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. gle otu qkpa dado, sale, qle gborpdale le kaku Uromi so one man came to shoot him, so his people ran to Uromi bi rumibazi bi rijebebe ; ama ;kbe eria kere e,ki riebo le. and Umbazi and other places ; but a few stayed in his town. 7. Record 2145. Egerii Ibie rhe,d2 kqle bolo male, When Ibie came with war to our town, ekumalekwa ; male dale kaki Idegun;. qle Q.nQria they defeated us; we ran to Idegun ; so the men no.re. kalo kadiabe. bolo maleke ; oda who were in our country before went to farm our ; took nele kakiubonqsabarne ; them to my father's farm ; bp nugborhebea that was there and all the farm be.be nqsa ome. goats of my mother's. edaria emili nergrhi and spoilt everything Edagbe. Qbe,, eva, They killed goats, two, 8. ALAHUA; NEW YAM FESTIVAL. Record 214c. Agbo.iie.dele Qgene rhebo erekegbo In old times when they are in the country they killed a ienora biukburhi ; Qgeni ekido, person to sacrifice to tree and rope ; then they come kagbixire eki yora kahimieli ; eha ki and dance and say to tree save us ; after that ruonifoire.be kidogbgkp bie.be biobe.be; they finish they go to the town kill fowls goats and kids ; ISHAN TEXTS. 77 eka nueinafo, eki mwonema si ke oia; sade when they finish cooking, they bring fufu to the tree, ; when ekirg gkq bi^befo, eki neugwe rp bukuhomgra; they finish fowls and goats, they take bones hang on top of tree ; eki rere bolegbe ekigbo hagbihgre. they take white clay to rub body and dance again. 9. Record 215. AgbgnQdele gbomale egbefulere ; oiobebeda In old times my country had free time ; no one can make re mqli g;le ; rhamude koko kgle hglo eneasa war with them ; because they are warriors who can bgkQlele hune ebo rele. light well to save their town. 10. Record 2155. aimiobo wesan ; edqkpa In old times no white man in Ishan ; one day ebolonosemale ehialaxqle egberiaihilQ ; people of my country went to war and killed seven men ; ele,gbe, eniere, be,we ; egeni Gelegbare egenore ran away, people, to bush ; when Gelegbare lived at ribujawore, odahore hirugboha bamole ; Ujawore, he says he goes to Ugboha for his wife ; amorifi tama ohonre riwuwe.de ofonizQwe morin some of his wives said war was on road he did not fear war ohia ohian la horen, ireamoren benire. but went to fight with them, and took wife from them. 78 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. KUKURUKU. IJEBA. Record 188. lyimahan, maidiemi, Nimahan, we get ready, omaidaxia, white man seint a man to Okun ; so we go, aikigaibonia weheni we don't meet white man there maikesoaria maikisewp when we reach there maikisewp ; when we reach there ; wgmai daikedi ; so we come back home ; orekigiu humori, mairaxia when we arrive home he sent messenger again, we start to go again ekigenia wehene we don't meet him again there makiavaiwa ; akiggiuhumqri ; aragbok;xa we come back home ; he sent, come again ; now we start to go again akowe ^kigazowe^n^de. the clerk judged the case. maikisewo when we reach there akisewQ ; ?\\en we reach there ; ORA COUNTRY (4 Texts). (Sabongida.) 2. Record 177. Oriwa ; Qdewa, He is at home ; he is out, yoaxanwoa ; okigngdereme I shall be going home ; good bye riragwe ; he said he was called " flog-flog " king said show ; orarho bona tiunoko rho bonatioko ; he took in this hand big tree in this hand big tree ; Qra gbQgba ; obaratie Qdo re. QtiQ he beat with them ; king called Edo to come. He said wa gwe agene ; ni waya nQrho gbo sebeatio . etio look at the man ; you will ask him what his name is they say sebeatie,, ebea tig ? Qtio kero Qfinyanyabo what is your name, what is your name ? he said " flog-flog " ; etio lifirawe, oratobo- they say he must beat and let them see he took big oak natiunoko ; rhob2na tip oko ; Qragbgdo, in this hand ; in this hand he took big oak ; he flogged, gbgdo ; ;kpekomi eka ge towe flogged people of Edo ; sick people if they make their leg ki usakbota e,tie isokwa owaiye ^rara. twist round stick they say stool is pressing they are going home. AGBEDE TEXTS. 89 6. AggnQkpa QvadewagmQfi, Qmatiekue oteme ; Man one came to world, had no penis he was a fine man ; imQzitgnablore ; eg^rggbare rara, girls used to come round him ; when they came they went away, Qranara ; ukbokbq,rakere, ogQgboiakiira, they ran away ; one girl that remained, when she was just going, erazozo. ereinimie : Enyeni Noiadakava ; he led her away home. So they sang : Enieni Noyadakava ; Enido do, enime, do, enime, do (etc.); urhgka hQma; Eni, hail, hail, my Eni, hail my Eni, hail ; you are a fine man ; kariawekelo ; ko kilarawe. the time is coming ; if you come back we see you again. Eoborowane ; Qtio : imevamSmie So a doctor came out ; he said : what do you see that makes inewaragono ; Qtio gwQmQziniirhe, you weep all this time ; he said a girl that came to him, nQbululQde, kokiroiowa kiromolekwe ; tha,t ran to him, said she was going home because of his body ; kirorerago ; Qtio mokirokweyere that's why they were crying ; he said did I not tell you to remember miugbeniwiyereragmQ, nutiokeye ; to take a body when you came to world, and you refused ; orawurumabene ; Qtio : ukasowa utewukweya so he cut a leaf for him ; he said when you go home take a piece to wash uniewovwi ; Qggsowa, Qralula Qbaiorolula cook this rest, drink ; when he got home, he did what he was told to do QnomQzirazaim ; Qgevia, enek^gbonavare so this girl conceived ; when she bore a child, the other girls atio ; QnumiQniQzina Qmiroiowalu came again ; they said this small girl what she told you to do yowagiru^le. BO you will do every day. 90 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. Qkamina dugbe dogbe yadugbebwoila bilojokoli; My story rw* lut &*** * d kin g <* *J ' erheviokogiggbe; ati^gbwoila wxojokoli they make war on each other ; people told giant that king of the kQmQnobiniIqr$xQli : qtiqlQSQ ; qlablgbo sky got poison to fight ; he aid he hears ; he went to doctor Qti^gilabilojokoli kilanlevlooviokangi^be ; he said that he and Mng of the sky wanted (are ready; to make war on each other ; kilauyenQkbokomgnilo ; Qnauborhianekomjri * he wanted him to make medicine for him ; doctor brought medicine otiawuyekmQgwe: Qrqgwi, Qrjgwi, he told Awuyeke to grind medicine ; he beat, he beat, he said he wanted to know if this medicine is a proper medicine ; oranwawuyeke Qragwqgwo ; Qrhiakakwa. he took Awnyeke to cot him in pieces ; he took threw him away. Qgegbodagwe kawuyeke zaugiqk^vade ; He saw A way eke came behind him ; Qciawnyeke nawokali, dabunokbeluwe, he said Awayeke you small boy, where did you get that medicine, Qti^kenngwena sanQkwQme ; Qf^^we, he said the one you are beating if it touches me ; he beat again, oknwawuyeke glatoneya, Qlagwerabilixomi : he took Awnyeke again he burnt him, he beat him up with medicine ; kflgbogo: Qg^rbodawe Qkawokgvade Qtig and mixed Mm ; he saw him came back he said awuyeke nawnkali dabgn^kbelue ? Awuyeke you small boy, where did you get that medicine? QtiQ knogwna, Ban^kwQlQ. He aid the one you are beating, if it touches him. otio atonkbezqkpa Ieomin51le. He aid you can't take one finger to see whether soup is sweet AGBEDE TEXTS. 91 QlarhiosunisQ nugbabogbalimi, QlafiawiiygkeyaySkoli, He took war medicine that kills living dead, he threw Awuyeke up in the sky, glagwanutwa glabekegugq he dug a hole he buried him ; mogegbuvare ; Qr^gwi ; come back again and let me see you ; he beat, he beat ; Qgegbodawe kgvade. he saw him coming. qlaivialiseva, he cut him in two, he said : [he said : Awuyeke (as above)] QgqlelQnorekalo, him to follow him, kakpanufwe ; do not fear ; wuz^ze He told doctor, you do ama but he wanted awu; he said agreed ; doctor told him glane irgkia ir^kia, elagare exwozo bialotq ; they see women sweeping ; ilagade iggne ^kb^no, when they come to door of king of sky they see men hide, ggbwoila oragiaisie; kwqla, grhebgle qlagwQ Qladojokoli giant spat at them ; they died, all of them he reached king Qkbere ; olanniaubwa, nilQrhegbq, he stretched hand, he wished to hit him, they walk, walk, walk, onodgle nisojokoli where he is olamie kqvagie, olasggbeyqke ; he shouted like thunder, he drew himself back ; doctor said zelorh^gbq; Qgenaubwa Qrggbovagie, glarh^gbo, let rue hit him ; he stretched hand he shouted again, he hit him, qnobolalalala doctor rotted in his hips. 8. fiecord 200. Okame My story dugbe, goes on, dugbe, goes on, yadugbe o about a man kwa nobelorha stupid 92 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. lojp wimite ; okgyo narhelwe ;moliyame he is the eldest of father's sons ; his next brother a wife had iygtif) dawQnokwozola noworhomiQna qrheale ; his mother said go to that woman and ask her for her daughter ; Qtio ; aj. m rgbule kiyome akQnomiQna he said ; my mother told me to go to you this your daughter nurliQnime ; Qtioke ; ag^rhqne you must give me ; she said " yes " ; when they gave her orQgbQnQkpozo ze bagwe ; iyQtio kagggbo ; he flogged the women in the room ; his mother said don't flog her ; yanonime Qrakware Qrarhid^geafauba oteygli go and cut farm he got up and took a new cutlass and went Qravariokato Qrafio Qralogua Qrafio he came to a field he cut it down he went into bush he cut it down iyotio akaiyeme ageyere ; his mother said if some one went to farm and never came back ; ogqminkovade Qtio akwe kiliyamilo they saw him come he said to-morrow his wife must go eyas^ko iyqtiqki. Qgw^gekula erhaiale and take dirt away his mother said " yes." At dawn they went Q) ^sineku ggemiakovare ; Qi^gwa they took away dirt they saw him coming ; they began to dig Qgemiakameyolo ; Qtigla neza when he saw that water (rain) is coming ; he told them this hair newakigna amekamqgbewaili ; etiok^ kak^leyowa that you twist if rain falls on it ; they say if they are going home leduQSQmobglo leregbausome they carry cocoanut leaf to cover heads they will cover their heads eyowa. Qtiolakeye loiQmemQla and go home. He said " no I will carry it for you" etio " aruzomimoloia ? " they said "no can some carry some one's head for him?" Qtiolake ; eti^lekargre erhanaiyowa he said " yes " ; they said " we can't give it you " they ran home ; AGBEDK TEXTS. 93 lomarhgle he didn't know ; obiagalare, he caught them ow^dawekera ; he saw them going ; olakbiagbabuda he took his cutlass oranaxwula he ran after them qrabgrioraizQiii he cut their heads off oranekworQkpa bqnaialoko ; he put them in his bag like a man who went to war ; Qg^doare iyqtio " ee " ; afakwa when he got home his mother said '' Ah " ; it's a great pity Qtiodigiyame QtioemQlovo she said where are your wives he said they are vexed eowesuggobola. Mezamola Qtio they are on the road there. I carry their heads for them he said ; akpa rhieramoloiyo, no one ever carries some one's head for him, Qtio ; he said ; iQ kametug Qtiodjgilo ; Qladw^kpare, he saw rain ready to fall she said "let me see " ; he fetched his bag, Qladuzomi lakwowoto he took out the heads and put them on the ground Qtiotamairhe erhgtioke kilozo. he said to his father ; his father said " all right that he hears." Record 201. Okame My story biliatabatieli--; and the tortoise's wife ; dugbe dugbe runs then iya dugbedu about Edo fylegi and a tortoise Tortoise said : he saw some eggs (on river bank) etaiyele ozamQtaf! ; they live in time of famine ; loiyakweukbekp^derhaloia ; I am going to wash in rny father's river ; afiam; ; gtane ; oragwogwolale of a bird ; he took them ; he cracked and ate them ; 94 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. gde.neke, ortagiyQle, Qlagbogikpekeafiamire; gragin^zaz^li. next day he went and saw the eggs again ; he cracked them again and ate them, e,de,neke orageyqli olaboggre, plane next day he went asrain he saw the eggs, lie took them QlatiukpQkpQkpawo iya. Olagboyali ; qlagetieya ; he put one aside. He went again ; he kept one again ; uzolabulQre Qtio e,gi ugQgba Qtio bush antelope came he said " Tortoise you are too big " he said kukpqderhalo lolakwe ; . Qlariokpqke ; aflame in his father's river he is washing ; he gave one of the bird's eggs Qlarhieneuzo uzotio segboyo ? Qtio uwe, to uz > uzo said " Are there any more ? " he said " Yes^ ekafw^do uze Qtio vare nuwagwela ; the whole conn try can't take all" he said "come on and look at them" ; Qge dobQlanire Qtio QgeQkokatiego when he brought his hand he said when he wanted to take one afiameladuQ Qlatio oboegw;re,, Qlagu. bird took him (uzo) he carried it up his hand broke he died. 10. Bekoyaogolo nQyaljzwoiiyo ; okamie kame A person likes to go to hunt deer ; if he sees rain gtwe QduQsisi, oyokatosoma ; Qxage falling he takes a gun, he goes to Okatosoma ; when he reaches sobola Qkunore unmiowa umiowanile there he puts down his bag in small hut that they build there gioowu. Qfieta Qtemawo oxagilu in the bush. He makes a fire he puts game in it when it is cooked Qduloiya ole oiyami ; he scrapes it he eats it and drinks water ; otiosisi ; olowogwa ; okeleyo ; he lakes his gun again ; he goes inside the bush ; he looks for deer ; AGBEDE TEXTS. 95 QxagemiQla ; QkQkQbolula ; gxazorafi ; if he sees them ; he covers his body to reach them ; if they don't see him ; dgxqgbewo ; owialowa ; ovadeowa and he kills them ; he cuts off their tails ; he goes home Agesowa, Qtamaugie, kilogbeyo ; glad. When he reaches home, he tells the king, he has killed it ; Qiiugiezeeyane mir^kalo yawgr^ ; he king charges people for him to go with him to skin it ; QkagQSoibQnyoia, VQ QngtQkaloyawere when they reach the place, they skin it the people that go to skin it ; ot^laminila ; iggsowa ; Qnqgbelo he gives them meat ; they reach home ; the man who killed it Qduobo bill owglo bill agwe Qdugiogie ; takes front leg and hind leg and neck and gives to the king ; glaminekQre, Qk^nikeyo bjliyamo ; the rest of the meat, he gives some to his brother and his wife - r Qnekeregrhede; Qnqgbglami okglQli. the rest he sells ; the man who kills the game does eat it. 11. UTI Bi EGI (SNAIL AND TORTOISE). EraiyelQ ozam^tQfie ora, Qgitiorag Where they live hunger caught them, Tortoise said to son agu e tag^lo wanisuti ; to go to bring fire for him from house of snail ; QmiggQgQsowan;sute ogegare, ute bill- when he reached house of snail he met them, snail and mio gelema ; utera kolema nomiegi ; his small son eating yam ; snail gave a piece of yam to son of Tortoise ; 96 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. ora gwqta Qreyowa ; ggqgemio he took fire and went home ; when Tortoise saw him miolgnema obo, otiosolo omorhemana ? he took yam from hand, said " Who gave you yam ?" qtio kutiele,; etanilp yonomio he said that snail gave it to him ; fire which he told his son yagwagilo ; Qramiglele funulaiya ; to go and bring for him ; he took it from him and let it go out ; Qmanuterhene ; giramiolilele ; the piece of yam that snail gave to him ; Tortoise took it from him ; QiQgoboyagwa gvveta isote ; he went for himself brought other tire from snail's house ; Qggsobolani ute tio alema ; when he reached the house, snail told him to eat yam ; eralQmagbe.e.e. l^gitio j gnazaminQfina they eat the yam all up. Tortoise said ; in this hungry time ebo morakwe mimawule ? udetio : where did you get f ufu now to eat ? snail said : ak;xilolorade ; e gitio : loialit^kali he bought it from market ; Tortoise said : he would go with him iyonaki akwe. Oweggkula uteda odafioo ; to market next day. When day broke snail left him behind ; egitqtqkalo Qraggri ; gtio Tortoise followed him caught him up on road ; he said emaligidq ; Qkaduonoiyafi Qnema we fight with yams ; if the yams fell a person the yams take the etionoiara ; ihr^ginemado lab;lu ute person and go ; they wrestle with yams and snail eva dulafi ; Qnema nedufi ; eraneoikba ; fells the yam ; the yam that they fell ; they put inside bag ; Qrevade cnva, eg;sowa ; gdatenemazele. they go home, Tortoise goes home ; they cook yams and eat. AGBEDE TEXTS. 97 12. AGENE BILAMO (MAN AND WIFE). Ireiyeli, j^raiaiygmo ; arecolosira ; They lived in a place, they had a child ; j his name was Asira ; eteragu ; iyqragu ; Qnqmgmolggbare ; his father was dead ; his mother was dead ; the son was not grown up yet ; ggiraxare ; Qtio eta ? Tortoise went to see him ; he said, father, qtioiye ; qtioegu. egioiataiiiQba he said, mother ; he said they are dead. Tortoise went and told the king on^tiqze ; Qggraiyowa ; Asira he said sacrifice it ; Tortoise went home ; Asira . qratamqba notiegize ; qbatio came and told king who said to tortoise sacrifice ; king said to egi yarhiasira fio gbarazizobp. Tortoise to go take Asira throw him in place of sacrifice. Egiraburo Asira Qratietue bili umi; Tortoise went to Asira h3 took chalk and salt ; qratiosgmakpade bili sesemikbo ; qrakbono ; he took a piece of calabash and a dirty rag ; he took them all ; gruebilome yogk^lukpade ; qratiqsira ; chalk and salt put inside calabash ; he took Asira ; qraduzo uzomi Qratio yebara zizobg he gave to him to carry on head he took him to place of sacrifice qtioxagbo variowa ; kilorh^loze ; he said, don't come home again ; they sacrificed him ; qragetpobola, eb;l;rhialo Qrh^gonu ; ow^gekula he sat down there, till dark he cried ; when day broke gtio, loialo ovo ; Qmeuiiqlo he said, he could go into bush ; if anything saw him ogeli gbeloli ; orekia qrhiamie mi^mQzi; qtip, it would kill him ; he walked he saw a small girl ; he said, II. H TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. qtip, nqmielg where are you going ? she said, anyone who saw her qrhielpwoto; Qtig, vare ; kilorhiql^otg ; can take her ; he said, come ; I take you from the ground ; eragba itueva ; ergkia ; qrakbo miokbozo; they were two now ; they walked ; he saw a woman ; Qtio ebumoliQ ? Qtio kqnQmielo he said where are you going ? she said any one who saw her qrhiplowoto ; Qtio, vare ; kilo rhile otg ; could take her ; he said, come ; I take you from the ground ; e,ragbaituea ; erekia, Qiiame agQne, they were three now ; they walked, there came a man, Qtio, Qbeomqlie ? Qtio, nomiQlo orhielowoto ; he said, where are you going ? he said, anyone can take me ; gtio, vare ; kilqrhielewoto eragbaitueji. he said, come ; I take you they were four now. Eraloekejokato ragbeli ; era bjseo ; They went far in the fields far, far ; they made a small house ; era giumio aoka noyawaitare afoba ; grheali ; they sent the boy to go to bring fire from king's town ; he went ; orhaiawairhagila ; grafii ; Qrak^limare he went and brought fire for them ; they made it ; they ate e^Qli ; eya enabulo Asira afelo every day ; people ran to Asira his people egezezQgbe, bu Qraialu;ke ; were numerous, very he made a proper house ; qralwekelafe ; nQnigenQnisp ; they made a head of the family ; men got their house places ; nQnj[kpozoniso ; e,nasudagbala ; elelg women got their places ; they made a big road ; every day abialoia, aretikpobawo. they swept it, they spread cloth on it. UZAITUI TEXTS. 99 UZAITUI. 1. Record 223. 3ua, aremiseame ; ivoimesua. " We are going hunting, cook yams for me " ; "I am ready to go." imaggkbako, aggreadoboi^re When we start, we reach where we are going to hunt ; ageregbase ; imarergmao imakwerhai we make a small house ; we put down our bags, we light a lire imareremai ; imagerevoima ; we put out food ; go take our things [we say to ourselves] ; ikiawanamekiawana ; imakereake ; ikeremielami, let us go this way or that ; we go and wait ; I see an animal, ijmutsitsineno, jk^rekqino, igerefine, ignedotoiaire I point my gun, I take aim at it, I fire, I run to the place i;dauaiotoi ; iinwo ; ijbgno ; I find it on the ground ; I catch hold of it ; I skin it ; iketewegio onimakweaiswa Qkeremieinieine, T shout to call the man who is hunting with me ; he answers me, (lit., him and we together are hunting.) ig^reoinaare ; qkerenabade abokereadere ; I tell him to come ; he comes when he comes ; Qromaitsemimie itiewabimuza iryniQ^kelarae he asks what is the matter ; I say where I stand I saw an animal anabade ; igerepfinai igerenodaiire igerenwo run fast ; so I fired I search to meet it there 1 caught it ; ;kgrebeno; obigerebeno;ne ; I cut it with my cutlass ; When I finished cutting it ; ikerecefioana ; abuwaduaigwa ; ikerewegiewa I brought it here where you find it now ; so I called you ukereametsgmimie ; ^kereevainiQgwie you asked me what was the matter ; so I said come and I'll tell you ; H 2 100 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. ugerenavai itiegwoi wotoi ; Qke.reamQtsabjmali so you ran up I said : look at it on the ground ; " what can we do with otoiikia ? iketi^i, imaigevai ; okereomeyeke ; it now " ? so I say, we can cut it up ; he says " all right " ; Qke/lgfiesai kwo otoi he cuts the leaf of palm tree and lays it on the ground ; iodwo nelami fio ; imakerevai imakerevaikpo so we put the animal on it ; we skin it when we have skinned it iivoi enaitsoi ; iQre.nai imakere kwi n^kgli, I take his share ; I give to him we tie up tre meat, iomaidu inakQtQyafe ; emagQrgdQdare we carry it home ; when we reach the water side iminakweakpo iqmaideniswa ; iqmake gyatiiri ; we wash we carry the load again ; we put loads down again ; Qgeriomekisuai eke kwalo ; makeretiede. he said he changes the load he says heavy for him ; so we rest again, imakeredu; imakere adafere ; i;qke eduaielu ; we carry it again ; we carry it home ; when we take it inside the house ; owaiseme ikgte gwoi nornoieme ikete my house I tell my master ; I tell him Qgue lame nigbe ; qkeretuitsoivo ; qkereduitsemeame to look at animal I killed ; he takes his share ; he gives me my share ikereduyelu. I take it home. IBIE. NORTHERN NIGERIA. 1. Record 301-2. Wabale ; akawokey^vo ; waiqsibinonapfe ; Come on ; get ready to go ; you know must look out for the house ; eyalesimimo ; inabelafe ; eyakenyajili nena, we go to farm to-day ; they are at home ; we come back now, IBIE TEXTS. 101 nena miketpbg ; now ; I bring them rnitatse.ke.sina ; I bring it, I give it you; go, cut the grass ; emailiQkQme ; don't be lazy ; mienenule nyamyao T give something to you quickly ; ijaia kasito ; if you get there, don't sit down ; ukiamok^gbe If you get hungry w^kogodimiale, uwalusome? won't you cut the grass ? miadobiaikia, I have what you eat I can't go anywhere, you can't cut palm nuts, wekoguanunu; you can't fetch anunu ; oinanokbe last year at this time wekogwatsu; you can't dye cloth ; umaligkeme ; you are too lazy ; manioguo migwagwagwa I alone dig heaps, uluapfesitq, you sit down in the house, qdoki osomine market people are better ; alagwilq will he eat him, odoci ; on market road ; aduQswemi. you cannot obey. okeliokaca when trader walks, Ion we dodiseine it is far, road of farm I alone cut grass ; it tired me ; olQs^me ; obokagbe,le it tired me ; when day breaks utamekpawe w^ko ; you take water wash feet you say : odokia osomine ; akwili, market is better ; vulture, akwiode takala the vulture follows him ukalelemowa when you are inside house 2. Record 305. OgbododQ eyQlana ; Last evening we were here ; ikumane four people to bring Imiake,bu ejeniusome, Imiakebu sent messengers, elietsueme jibo ; yams for the white man ; 102 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. they brought the yams they gave them to the white man, Qnofoforjkpago evanawe eoliQkqji, the white man gave money two to them as they go home, Qkiaramode ImiQgba Qmukumogowa. as they reach the road of Imiegba they take messenger to house. Imiak^bu k;to jusoini ; eliakagukasa Imiakebu sent again ; let them go and tell qngfofo enalemeji kgnivu najusome bulo the white man to whom they gave yams that the boys that he sends to him ki Im;egba ejoodg ariwunow^ ; lokjto lume on the way Imiegba catch them ; it is he who called me omejogbf) kanvvekaso qnQmuemiqgba ; qbggwe let me get man who say to him who gets Imiegba : come here Qnqmuemi^gba Qkirobqlo ; QiiQpofo qkirogukaso he who has Imiegba came to him ; the white man says to him Qiiqinuemiggba kenignaje denrftlg who has Imiegba that the boys they send to me to give ogbogodg ketianeje kimi^gba ejodianwunowe ; yams y ester eve as they go home Imiegba on the road catches them ; lem^kie Qkalu^be ; mianono kenwimonQniogbp ; so I say go call you, come ; I don't want you to catch this man ; kijg unwunowQ ; I know them ; I don't say you go catch them to hide ; enenwunowenQ, dabiki nonowQ, nam;lo those who catch them, if you find tell me, I want to know them mikaie yasqwQ, kimiro jusomi anmikaso maikeli n^mwewe ; if I know them, I send messenger to Resident who has you ; mikajusomi anmikaso Maikele nqmwewe if I send messenger to say that word Resident who has qsomi kgtawabe onininQ. k^talanmo. you will come to you for that palaver. It is finished. UPILA AND SOSO TEXTS. 103 KOMINIO. 1. Record 306. Ainyalaisemi ; We go to farm ; enyeyagwebe ; we go make heaps for farm ; kefenafesiame ; you must look out for house ; atgliako ; eligz ; we plant yams ; yams grow ; aiagbebwiso ; atowekenweata ; oiakoakpasio, we go clean farm ; we go tie (yams) to sticks ; we plant corn, akesiesio, akolQne aiagbabebwe ; eli^siabia ; we plant beans, beans we clean with hoe ; yams get big enough to akelatoijelie ; we go dig yams ; nerhoiainyqle. women cook yams for food. atzoanengkpotso, when we finish taking them out, Soso. 1. Record 3146. Obilaxokpaiwoye ; adzotomgrnani Qbqkpo mitopwobako ; Yams are chief food ; guinea corn is next ; corn I plant maize ; mitoenakq ; miteseseakg ; otogogoakq ; I plant beans ; I plant cotton ; I plant beans ; I plant ogogo (beans) ; mitalotaodQse ; eanwebqtala ; miat^tagbote ; I plant cassava ; miaiyanqni ; I take all the grass; miakifwa. I plant yams. I get new ground iniawebe ; I make heaps ; I burn trees ; miagwesoni ; I pull up grass ; 104 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. SEMOLIKA. 1. Record 318. MegiokiameimwQbi ; qkigbode mQgiokiabizma ; I go find new ground ; at dawn I go to farm ; m^giokiabusiame ; mekisia ekiduame ; Qmidqgboka ; I go clear the farm ; I clean as far as I find farm ; we beg people ; qmeyanalo^be ; ome esaniraabQ ; mekolesinQrhQbo ; we go sweep grass ; we set fire to it ; I plant beans ; mekqlibakparQbo ; mekqlitQtaluma ; ohwak;fi 1 pknt maize ; I plant " agusi" ; in hannattan QingkQSQbo ; Qmiligelgtio ; ukpok^gbe, time we plant yams ; we put sticks to yams ; year finished, qmolesiQtsg ; qmiejuwafe ; QrhamQgbweralename. we dig yams ; we bring yams home ; my wife beats fufu for me. Kam^kamukpa mewukpasS, omemarhobo ; If I want to build house, I put mud, we build house ; omekiasa ; omiegbukunubo ; mekiainibulasa we break wood ; we put roof on the house ; I go cut wood for house omiakpware ; om^bo ; omehuze omelesiebo. we tie the roof ; we cover it ; we rub we move into the house. IBILO. 1. Record 321. Masi^be ; mahwo ; mahg ; magwa ; We cut grass ; we burn ; we make heaps ; we dig ; magwQvie ; inamalalaf e ; mahare ; qfiogbema ; we take yams ; we take home ; we eat ; who can kill us ; obicohigbema gfosomal^gbe ; osamozeminame ; witch can't kill us it is right for our bodies ; good for me ; TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. 105 mamizo ; we don't see bad ; ozeminasainafe good for my house mami|kole ; ozeminame ; we don't see war ; good for me ; ogbomkibiame ; world where I am born I stay long ; yaramekupasomobogba ; kolio kqmo ; town strong for my hand, strong ; old men and children ; yaramekupagba ; afokukoniamo. town strong, strong ; my house full of children. Oinyorio lunamana ; odz^wa ; idzo. This man is going to make tornado ; he falls ; he falls. misanai ; I cut down the trees : ISUA. 1. Record 323. IminwekQfa ; misausiwo ; I get new ground ; I cut the grass ; mihwesanogbe ; mihgrikehi mikoikokos;bo mikoinumu ; I burn dry wood ; I make heaps I plant koko yams I plant yams akoikumesjbo osetawodiglia ; emabosQwagwa ; I plant okro food we plant is ready ; we dig up yams mixwarokweme lokehiename ; adumema. women come and take yams they cook for me ; she beats fufu. 106 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. OKPE. SOUTHERN NIGERIA. (3 texts.) 1. Aviulimi ojaisoni ; orumenani ainwezire ; The sons bring cloth ; sons-in-law bring goats ; areziminani ; they go dance for him ; atujinoni ; arekunoni ; they dig the grave for him ; they tie him ; aremuqzi ; they go to the grave ; omiongre, emawoni. when they finish that they cover him up. Nanabiqmqxami, adegzeni, adabewiri When one bears a daughter, one takes five cowries, one takes a pot of palm oil omonotokparuo ; awemetawqni ; and one piece of firewood ; one takes to her- father ; QxqnQxaiwoni ; qrgruaiogwa ; Qregbevqini ; she is his wife ; he follows father-in-law to farm ; he cuts grass for him ; Cjremolafwi ; izi ; arewikqrafi he gets yams for his father in-law ; corn ; he takes to his father-in- law ; ixona arewefi ; gkehazia, beans he takes to his father-in-law ; when she is grown up Qritawamamqna ; arebulokowisusini ; he goes to her father, asks for her ; in nine days we bring her ; itaworekwiqni Qremamwitani ; her father brings kola he takes her, gives her to husband ; qditwisiligbewqre ; gregwQgbaweni ; the husband pays ten shillings ; he calls all the family ; areke,mini. Qkehqmi, ekuwQrqrQ ; they take the things. When he makes it, they call his company ; iremgnqnani ; Qreswigonini ; they come and dance for him ; he brings money for them ; QrerumozewQ ; qrewerameruo ; adekwiri ; he cooks fufu for them ; he puts meat in it ; they beat drums ; axemqnoarefo ; areje ; arqwini ; they dance till they go away ; they go away ; they go take it ; OKPE TEXTS. 107 l^korylotu ; aredare. Ukwamonofo, they go to the head of Otu ; they eat there. When they dance finish, kgrokQiovaje, ideloa, irerenjse ; he goes to his wife, they go into the house, they cohabit ; amine grqtekezi, amine Qtek^r^ra, some it reaches five months, some, it reaches six months, amine Qnotukpe, QremQ. Ozukiomomenema, some it reaches one year, they become pregnant. When she menstruates this month, lukfa ikoviaemenema, when another month comes and she does not menstruate, she knows she has conceived husband goes divine for her ; QreukumuwuQ Orebia, grnQk^migne ; he makes medicine for her she goes bear, the child does not die ; oitani gr^bpnani. Orame^kQleomi ; her husband divines for it. When a woman is ready to bear ; Qruma, qgweixamedede ; Qrebia ; she lies down, she calls woman old ; she goes bear ; arebul^nokQ ; arekpi^nia ; arew^beva ; they cut the navel ; they go wash ; they take two calabashes ; areweriQmQze, ugbesino ; naziowabia, they give to small children, to knock ; when it is born inside, Qrezio^k^dekpigni ; adewugbengnqinQri, adekwerqni, they take it outside to wash ; they take calabashes, they beat them, aremqhoizoa. Aretgrame Qdakwiqni ; they take the child into the house. They boil water to wash her are.kpowowQni qreloa, . Qrevena ; iwu when they wash finish she comes inside, she lies down; the afterbirth aresiesieke ; ademQseawo ; Qnqbiare they take it to back house ; put it inside and cover it ; she who has borne esarisoekoa. Akezoa qrerako ; akebiQmQ, goes to wash at the place. Seven days she washes when she bears child, akezeni aref \\ anokuje aremovezegware ; in five days they take white to mark they take it out of the house ; 108 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. Qgeginikesini aleotowQni alumwQredobeva ; when it is nine months old they take it in the street to near houses ; areiminego areclanani. they give cowries they shave it. Oiakehaza ; orediQzeni ; A man grows up ; he gets 500 cowries ; he goes to a blacksmith ; when urugtaia, gretq, agbgde qretq rhukoxo ; he gets there, he sits down, the blacksmith sits at the back ; QredimakgneniQii ; gredotaununu ; he takes his head against his chest ; he puts wood in his mouth ; Qrekare ekgriwonani ; qrediezenani. he files his teeth for him ; then he pays 500 cowries to him. 3. OrarnekQiibianqme A girl who has borne no child when she conceives, they go loose the arefaraogegawQni, arQSQnQgulu ; ukwQbialo ogiaga which she has before, they tie ogulu ; when she has borne arebanaxwQni. Aiyq eto QmQinurhe ; she ties axweni on her head. Aiyo is the hair of a small girl ; agaiyorhQirima ; abani they tie them in strings on the head ; they plait them ; when she has QgexworQmQmuzi, aredeinizomima grown past small girl, they make them in rolls for her on the head : nqme, arefar^ni ares^nQgulu when she conceives, they loose ini they make ogulu OTUA TEXTS. 109 aretozudowa ; they put it in at the top ; arebeni, she makes eni, she becomes a woman. Qkebiafo, when she has borne, arefarogulu she looses ogulu OTUA (7 texts). 1. Ikiarezanano Six months from u ikiazinyanano seven months from now masogobozemi ; begin to clean farm ; they eat it. atolugbo ; they fire the farms ; akgkaruQ they clean them, they plant corn there jkiagb^nano QkaQx^lino, ten months from now corn begins to ripen, Ukpogagbq When the year comes akerekowilaruQ ; they go plant corn ; they plant yams there ; anavaore they take them away anegbopo^male ; they leave only yams ; agbgribobqdi. they plant cassava. eight months from now akowilaniQ ; they plant yarns there ; ahiegbqgbeo, they begin to pick it, they go plant corn ; ahegbekoilQruQ, they plant beans, they go clean again ; arawalema when they have planted yams arebegkavaore, when they have taken the corn, akolulu, they plant cotton, When new year begins Qnalogwa those who work farm Qdalogwawo ; go and begin farm ; 110 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. gnaiawgre he who is a blacksmith gdosisi takes his gun and Qdaig^d^WQ tak es his doctor's drum Miwarevare, When I reach here, ariQbememgxade the king said I come qdalagrjziawo ; goes make his work ; Qdalogbo; goes hunting ; QdalogwalgbowQ. he goes travel. miigozia, when I work, Qredamegobo, he took my hand, gruanokugbo ; the hunter who goes hunting ; Qbonaiyqbo he who is a doctor aredadume ; they call me ; Qredamenauo, he gave me to him, qriamelinyono^ino enyahanaguno. he said I was to explain words for him so we do now. 3. Aiyenizizi aitihgng Qngzenasi onoimumwa Long ago in time of war he who rode horse took this (spear) qkQgasoze Qdpsugnani ; ale^gbodoinQ when he saw anyone he took it and struck them ; they held the spear atQSug ; struck so ; when he wanted to strike, he straightened his arm. Tan^de akpomqna ? Who is that who sits near me ? 4. Record 160. M^rne n^ ? Do you mean me ? Batie ? Aje. Bwalu ? Milikiarawaho. What is your name ? Aje. What do you do ? I come to salute you. Odani ? Mi^gbw^ng, okQgbi. ElowQ ? Are you well ? Yes, I am quite well. How are your people ? EzQmi. Il^gbina wonairi. They are all right. 1 don't know how the country is now. OTUA TEXTS. Ill Ozimik;na ; globQinivare lirhio ; I do not know ; new I come here I come here ; ohama sqsovai ; MQIIO ; Osalobwa nq. my wife does not come ; I am sorry ; Osalobwa means it. Ohadane ? MiegbwQnq itoto. Oriake, Your wife ; how is she 1 Yes, she is all right. Oriake, ohanoseva ; ihoe ogohama. Qriakezemio ; the second wife ; I hear she is pregnant. Oriake is all right ; , megrgzame. yes, she has certainly conceived. 5. Record 161. Ukpe maiinana ; ejkparene gewo ere lumime ; We make ukpe ; chiefs who have the place go and cook fuf u ; argnanQge ; glggQiQino Qyi Qrokqde/le, they take meat ; they cook soup in the afternoon, mainavarerQkbana ; marhanakea mamarikpota. we bring it to the street here ; we men and women eat the soup. Qdede madaleafe. EukbebemexQ ; When it is finished we go home. Next year we do the same ; Qgbe marozemi ; Osomuna ; body our good ; it keeps us that we don't die (?) j margfiato ; Qkj^adobolo ; we don't want to be sick (?) ; it won't let trouble come ; QkiroborhanQbi. it does not let witch come to the town. 6. Record 162. Qsogakiawole, gkasuema Long ago when people went along road, when they had thinga 112 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. arliQgbeno ; awQmao ; QkakQSQmo.so they killed them ; they took their things ; if they had nothing agbgfiaga angkpako. they killed them for nothing. 7. Axaledokposo, iyeg^ne adana When a man buys a girl, 80 cowries he gives to mother ; aibokwies^gbe ; Qwemalizi, awanainomo ; they say : take her, go ( ?) ; he takes five yams, gives them to mother ; oigbeduinwalu, adan^kposo ; qxaxewoza, he goes buy cloth, gives to the girl ; when she is grown, qxadalogwa ese odaleogwa, qlezimeri ; he gives her to her husband he goes to the farm, he works ; gliogwayaga ; qxaxgramogwa ahaferamenu ; now he makes farm ; when he reaches the farm they take food from home ; arnqnodalogwa ; ar^gbgrelele. they take food go to farm ; they go home when it is done. Ayadanqkposo, itaia odarawohagile ; When he marries the girl, she and her husband are in one house ; qligbefiava ; orafeizinia ; he goes fire a gun ; she stays seven days in the house ; asileizinia ; gigbelegege, gigegQnexraia ; they play seven days ; she goes cook, from then she cooks for her husband ; oxalitaia ; qzQkpanqvie ; when she abuses her husband ; she pays him a cock that cries ; Qzohqgbefo ; azQgbgnene. palaver goes finish ; they begin to play again. Oxoxagbi, QxrQgbQresili ; gdaievi, When day comes, the company comes to play ; he takes kola, Qwanaia ; gmwanuriiQ, exanwanyulgle, he gives to them; he puts gin, when they finish the gin OTUA TEXTS. 113 ezigbelele. Okposokabiamo, ixraggbusi ; they go away. When the woman gets a child, the father kills a pig f, ixra obQsi gmglenibia ; ixramq qhigbiSbQsi ;. her father is glad my daughter has borne a child ; its father is glad ; qhigbenwogile. he goes play. II. 114 TEXTS OF OTHEK LANGUAGES. SOBO. EMOSOGA (4 texts). 1. Record 187. OlgsasoiioyomS ; gdehiqfa rio ; The first one was no good ; so you put another one ; oyime.da damo qlana ane.me.totawa J try another one that I must talk loud wamlasainyo ; kQmqdataowawa lomlasal- to make other people hear ; so I talk loud that they may all WQFO ; rakbojubewinyo .... odQnime ; hear ; that all this world may hear ... my mother is alive ; od^lowodome ; Qmsoga ; QS^me QmamQroxwo ; my native place ; is Emosoga ; my father is a big man ; oimiideliluokeoibo ; gmameluo kQmieva ; miluo I go work for the white man ; I get good work to do ; work Qmamilwo, mle mlomamQigo ; omggbe, rh^nfjde, good work, [so] I get good money ; I have good health tumwemi; mituwu, mite.miainie, ; 9g n Q iyuwe to go home ; I do not die, I am not sick at all ; so may Ogene bless lilwo mitumweme. work to go home. le ; pas Osagale ; Record 198 a, b, c. had a child ; his son's name Esienye onilQmo odevie ; odelQmQroi So mother's son osagale owaiye, owomQ, Osagale got wife, got a son, osagale Osagale SOBO TEXTS. 115 vleni ; ode went away ; so do okulukpe ; he made armlet ; obleiya ; went to his wife odaba b?siowodo ; he went another country ; lmogole his mother be,se before vere go to qdata she said ylifqte small, small bogr~i, roaring, loiyi his own kiyaromgroiyi to her son's wife ukbi ; bed; dSleduwexi and made a spear ; owem oyo to house so Sniloiyi he came, his mother venigloii, with his son, anaiemQ ; he is coming ; qdaliaii vemQra, wait, my son, iyobevo, she took them back to bed, qbewQlukbe, she took them to bed, ke eya, keyara niQroii ane, mgdawe to the woman, to her son's wife if I breathe aneyememe reje. Qdaveta medawe bogr*i, then I sleep. So she said I breathe roaring, aneyemeyemerg ; gdawe ylifete ylifete, then I don't sleep ; she breathed small small, her, she saw the wife and son who were sleeping with onil^sagale ; odesorokiko, mother of Osagale ; so she (Osagale's wife) called other people, (i.e., son and other wives) Qlukikqdabeta ; the other one said ; she sleeps, agexereemera wait a bit, Qdawegr~i so they waited a bit oiye ey|losagale, ariuwevle, she woke them all, anSyimir^le ; she never sleeps yet aiyebidafo de all were quiet so she breathed like leopard so wife of Osagale, vqniQlosagale, ajyobi aibbQvle aiedagie aso, son, Osagale, both got up softly ran away at night, ad^gigkbeki ; Qkidevie, onflosagale they ran to market ; in morning, mother of Osagale gwonemQ, losagale looked for his son, Osagale's ; oionilosagale yobQviq mure ; so mother of Osagale took some stick ; I 2 e, looked for his wife and son, Qbeb^me Q vlovo ; she saw no one at all ; 116 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. qdawof^kberie kwodalo ; odemungvio Qsunele gkberie. she knocked irou front ; so she sang she sang iron, mawodg, mawodg ; okperie mSwode mawodg ; show me the road, the road ; iron showed the road the road ; QdafQkb^rie teki ; Qdameeyasagale, she knocked iron to market ; so she saw wife of Osagale, mlemQlosagale, eialemQme, tine, wagieba, son of Osagale, wife of my son, hear, stop running, e, eyalosagale ; aitonqnio, aigdagie ; yes, wife of Osagale ; they begin to run again, they run away ; eni Qdakiyayelo ; onigsagale oviobomure head pad they forget ; mother of Osagale took a stick Qdawofini odemunqrie, ukoki, mawode,, she knocked (head pad forward) she sang, head pad, show road, mawode ; oiyi ey|losagale adeteseuno ; show road ; so wife of Osagale reached trunk of tree ; unokgre, unodefirQkrQkr^ ; eyalosagale tree, become small, tree come down and be small ; wife of Osagale vQmQroii aidalwenuno ; ejunogro, nSdggro ; with her son sang to the tree ; tree grow big, grow big ; oniosagale odeletie ; eyalemome tine wagieba, mother of Osagale reached there ; her son's wife stopped there now, e, oniloii (jdakwalubiako, oluxwivie, yes, his mother she pulled out tooth, front tooth, anoxerewe ; odef^rewe owosiloo, she made it into axe ; it turned axe for cutting tree, odemunQiie , unSkomwagba wagba ; QXWQXWQ she sang ; tree, sing song song ; field mouse od^t^tiye anihehe, nenode, kQnoplwilwoluwolwe ; reached there ho, big mother, that's the hard work we used to do ; qnana diluo Igmali, ^malilue; that work old woman, did not do ; wewire ; mimiQwexie ; oiqdaweweke, cut with axe ; T cut tree for you ; so she gave him axe SOBO TEXTS. 117 XWQXWQ munea onokosSde, side, onSkodiside ; field mouse sang tree, join up, join up, tree join up together ; oiyQinale oniQsagale odakwamibiako ; so] old woman heard mother of Osagale pulled out tooth ; QclevioxwoxwQ ; urQinemixielo threw it to field mouse ; [she said] tree will soon fall QdaiiQreside ; glpdabere odemie oniosagalewe. but he made it join ; so bush rat took axe from mother of Osagale. e, nene onakg okpilwolowolwe Yes, my mother this thing this is big work I used to do bikoniQ mimigwexi oniosagale ode 1 mune.vio, I help )ou to cut tree mother of Osagale he sang, nokomwagwa wagwa. ^Iqdaweta ; niQinimiewexe sang a song a song. So bush rat said ; I help you to cut tree dawokglo ; elqde mungvio nokoside side she gave axe to bush rat ; rat sang join up together. odakmarako qdowohielo ; glodagie ; She pulled out tooth threw it to bush rat ; bush rat ran away ; oniosagale odebiviabo wiwerexi wureda qdanw e mother of Osagale began to cut for herself tree bent just ; bobone qdabe bobcjna ; aiyosagale ode munevio bent to one side and another ; wife of Osagale began to sing atuvieli vele vele omoko lokbuve, sang sang a song parrot that goes to Uve, oromlesagale, oyeli, obiQmggbQmQli who sees Osagale, salute him, his mother wants to kill your son and wife atuvele ; apiapialokpuve, oromle Osagale she sang ; hornbill that goes to Uve went, that sees Osagale oieli, obiqmQgbQmoli atuvele vele vele ; omokoda salute him, mother wants, etc . sang sang sang; so parrot Qdata kosagale ane diwoloejbone ; oniwe said to Osagale said what are you doing here ; your mother oxuia evimqwgle. Osagale dale^xi odeviukbeuo is killing wife and son. Osagale took spear threw it up 118 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. odagovioviopexi : odadiofome, nodaigi bgse said to spear : if it be war, stop [my mother] before [till] mioteti ; odgginedaiyi ; osagadetgti ; I get there ; so it stopped [her] ; so he got there ; onilada kwalo biako odewovTosagale ; Osagala- his mother took out tooth she threw it at Osagale ; Osagale komake ako ; odawa akakgvle. Sagadata dodged tooth ; he dodged it on one side. So Osagale said kggene anoiidelu obo limiqma koneloii to Ogene if I do bad thing for my mother oyole loiyi woniloii be iyolana, an : cjge.nQxwoi war near my mother day now, I say ; god will kill [let my mother kill me to-day] anjkeviQxwe, anoggnexwoii, ang, Qbedia who can kill her son, Ogene will kill her, I say, if not keviQxw;le anogenexwoniloii ; odevuxiloii gbenu ; he said Ogene will kill her ; he threw his spear up ; qdagovio ; kexiro anox;re [e]wase, loture he spoke to spear ; spear turned into medicine, burnt oniloii ; odevio exi xre xreniloii gniyexi ; his mother ; he threw spear at at his mother he threw spear ; Qdava woniloii; Qirilodewu; gbelotq; he hit his mother ; his mother died ; she fell down ; Qgenedata; mewali nana ukudi Ogene said ; When I pass there before glass of rum fell [from my hand] mebewali, onieve beva wabo le; I pass again [on way back], half kola fell from my hand now ; kidi luevo akbqla Qgne dese gb5ruane ; what are they doing in world Ogeue called cockfowl ; animorhileiio vakbqla ogbgrane nasala; medara, to see what they do in world cockfowl can't go ; if I go, awowegora oigogene Qdanorq ufiur^ge they take and sacrifice me so Ogene threw down rope SOBO TEXTS. 119 toto ; qdawulolonene to the ground ; so he found rope to go up and down anisidililue.bo. Osagalidggu noiikpisiwodo. which he used to do Osagale began to speak " I go another country." deduwexi dokqlukbe be.simiore onime he took his spear, he took matchet, " before I come, my mother ogyemome geyaine luevewa kokie kwa eliya drove my son and my wife into bush ; she wanted to kill them ; aiyedeyl enure ; QmQko data kowe but they climbed the tree " ; parrot said, to him ; koiiraidetetiye ; medata midelo bemioma akolSnime, when he reached there ; I say if I do bad thing for my mother,. oxwewe, mib!belo, obemiomaa, she will kill me, if I don't do bad, if I do what is not bad, exmQxwonme. let spear kill my mother. So it killed her ; Ogene said j narowoniloii ; Qniloidarorno, Qg^n^data ketinejale wake his mother ; so his mother woke, Ogene said " Go away ; ibixuon^luxwo ; QmQxwoviekayele who has child must not kill it ; I had a child and fed it every day " [Ogene said] QgQne, dejuriviyo exirqmo obixirewase Ogene made law there son's spear shall not turn medicine lodexwoni vakbona oye exidiode obixire and not kill mother, in this world so spear could not turn ewase. QgQ n Q kewore inikwalali mikwQrili medicine. Ogene breathed into me ? I go, I come back, (i.e., made that law.) anamo iya e.demetise mitigo I salute [you] my companions put beans I put cowries ; ubiakwasijo kwokbQlukbo Qme, sfejQle Asijo's teeth [are] big big teeth, my own [are] very small and Qsiql^lQ junora . do. " m." my small teeth can't pass another way. I salute you. " Yes." [all say.] 120 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. 3. ^sigye, 3hg. aiilo akwgjobalo; oyegigle Well, [Answer] Ehe. We were in this world ; he did not want oviogbele uwii. Oiye aiyovo odeviqino ; poor man to die. So some woman bore a child ; Qmqroyidwa ; qdadw^mera ; oniloiyi, onilgmona it began to grow ; it grew small ; its mother, the child's mother an;mikgkboweli ; mome ; Qingroini said I am ready to go to farm ; my son ; her son " yei ngng. Odawongto kgrnQroii onedevie, said. She roasted yams for her son the yams ready onilomona odawh^rigne wokomoroii ; the child's mother cleaned the yams gave to her son ; Snilomo odatake m^n^me iara the child's mother said to him I am ready to go kwoweli ; gmQigni e ; oioniloii qdayala to the farm ; her son said " yes " ; so his mother went kwoweli ; onilQmo odetoweli ; maye to farm ; his mother reached her farm ; she did not know Qmqroii vignenelobobuko. IgyedQ odemudia ; that her son [he] cried and ran after. On the road he stood ; erhimi odetetiyi asalgmgnaiva Qrhinri millipede reached there where the child was millipede datakQmQna : anQiuQnablQl^k^ve; Qm^naneijo, said to child : to cut him half a yam ; I can't, an^miseblokowe Qmqnenana ; I can't cut it for you at all a small yam like tliat ; wan;m!blokowe ; my mother roasted it for me ; why can't you cut it ; miseblgkowe oiye I can't cut it for you so millipede climbed up his leg, delgtuwirowo ; e.rhiruidatakoniona : aniblgl^kevQ ; .climbed to malleolus ; millipede said to child : cut me half a yam ; SOBO TEXTS. 121 an;misebl<.)kowe I can't cut you half a yam so child, that, began to sing : babo, gierite, neno, gigrite, |rhimi my father, run to me, my mother, run, millipede lalclale ; tegwalejimoko ; gierite ; ototole, is climbing ; to the parrot's comb ; run ; he does not go down, otenule, gierite ; erhimidebimoa elalo ; he does not go up, run ; millipede begins to climb up ; odalalelale ; det^rugbo ; anqmona he climbed and climbed ; he reached the knee ; to child he called : cut me half a yam ; small yam like that ^nQiiewotqk^we wanimiblokowe ? my mother roasted it for me why should I cut it for you ? m^seblokowe ; qrhiinidebimovio elalo, qdalalituxoxi ; I can't cut it ; millipede began to climb up, he reached the navel ; irhidebe.takomona, Qrhimi, niblqnek^we ; he said to child, millipede, cut me half a yam ; Qinonan;mikeblQkowe gmgnenana ; child said 1 can't cut for you small yam like that ; i l nenewotqke i we, wanimiblokowg ; my mother roasted it for me, why should I cut it for you ; owovvi none wo vie ; m^keblek^wS ; I feel as if I must cry to-day ; I can't cut it for you ; QmQnademuniq babo gieritg neno child began to sing father come mother Qrhimilaielale tegwalelimoko, millipede is climbing to the parrot's comb, run ; oto tqle gierite, otenulq gigrite ; he does not go down run, he does not go up run ; Qrhimidebirnuvip elalo, lalelale ; deletoxoli ; millipede begins to climb up, up, up ; he reached the neck ; Qrhimi dabeta komona blgnqk^ve; omonanejo ; millipede said to boy cut me half a yam ; child said " no " ; 122 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. animikgblQkowg ; owuwewowu noiiQ I can't cot it for you ; you are going to die to-day WQjamle qngmgna liaa, nonge ; qmonadg mune_o you can't see my yam eat, to-day ; boy began to sing babo gigrite neno gigrite ; e.rhimilalelali father run mother run ; millipede is climbing tegwali Jmoko ; gigvite, ototole, gigrite to the house of the parrot ; run, he does not go up, run, otenule gierite. e.rbimidebe muvie elalo ; he does not descend rim. Millipede began to climb up ; da lalelali deletunu. ^rhimidabQ takomona he went up and up to the mouth. Millipede said to boy aniblqlekQwe ; qmqnaneyo, onQmikiakqwe, cut me half a yam ; boy said " no," I can't cut you half a yam, QmQnnana, ;ne i newotoke ( ve ; odaialajewevo small yam like that, my mother roasted it for me ; she went and left me kpoweli ; neninie blon^me kpoweli ; mebcbeva to go to farm ; I said to myself to farm ; I met no one migi^de; medam^rhimi, koiodikpokpuwu on the road ; I saw a millipede, millipede was troubling me fik;lQnQmQ; grhimid^brfinuvio elalo : odetglglqluwe ; with a yam palaver ; millipede began to climb : he reached the nose ; omonademunio babo gierite neno gierite boy began to sing father run, mother run, grhirnilalelale tegualimoko, ototole, millipede is climbing to the parrot's house, he does not go up, gigrite ; otenulQ, gierite ; Qrhimirjdalwevoluwe run ; he does not go down, run ; millipede climbed up uwelomona ozikponolwole, oionilomQii adagig into child's nose he climbed and went inside it, so his mother ran up nowelire, Qselomonodenokpare ; from farm, child's father ran from bush palm oil place ; onilomona owigbQviomure Qwcjkarhigrhimi, child's mother took small stick to draw millipede down, SOBO TEXTS. 123 aianmavavio bvio Qrhime ekarie child's father stopped ; both set to work to take out millipede lomlasano unwelQmqIaiye, ; ublol^rhimi to make it come out of child's nose ; half a millipede odQxivioto ublok;ko odadagievlunwg ; fell to ground half millipede half stayed inside the nose ; aliilululu obisenqfa ; ubloyeod^gbo they tried in vain he can't come out again ; so half rotted vio evo Iftriwe ; ode.xjreuhuluriwe ; there in the nose ; he blew his water from nose ; 6xwo lohmo owuri ; grhimi vomona, koiye man sick of catarrh ; millipede and child, it breathed it out wqlQriakbo ; eye iyabemle oxwo lonuurhi into the world : if not we should not see man sick of cold davo vakbqla; QrhimivQmana koiwqlqlrhie, ; who is in the world ; millipede and child so he breathed it out ; mekpqlali mekpqr^lj ; anamo. " lya." Ubiakwasijo I go, I come back ; I stop. " Ah." A woman's tooth kwokbulokbo ; Qm^sie.!^, QsiQl^kiunola ; [is] big tooth ; my own are small, and can't leave my mouth - T QgQnedaveta Qnj,si dielzglakbgla ? Qg^nedes^gburoni, Ogene said what do they do in world 1 Ogene called cock fowl, leno obqlelwe obQrQnQnemesala ; go and see what they do cock fowl said I can't ; an&wolwggora ; Q8Q ne odese^kbulo they'll take me to sacrifice ; Ogene called a he-goat anumorikpakbo ; delenebuloluewo ; e,kb!5ne to go and see the world ; see what they are doing ; he-goat said mes|laha aowegiye ; qiagene qnglq fwirgge, " I can't go they'll sacrifice me " ; so Ogene let down rope and came down toto ; odaw\ilQlonene odangnisidialwe ; to earth ; came down with rope to see what they did ; onilQingnadegu mewon^tg fiQinQnQob^ ; the child's mother said " I roast yam for my son and put it in his hand ; 124 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. meVlariyara, yovo, kpoweli; maiye I go. I leave him, go to farm : I don't know qwokpanqbako bjgiede erhimidayalowe he followed after me on road millipede asked him for yam qnoiyesak^ oyqrhimi qdalwo unwelo ; 41 1 can't give yams " so millipede began to climb and go into his nose ; ISniQme, kar^karie, obibino ; my son scratched and scratched, it did not come out ; ublodebluje ; QgQnedata ; ketin^lale grhimi osenio ; half was left"; Ogene said; " from to-day on " millipede can't hear ; lodaiyaromome Qganejurivio koiyi grhinii he asks yam from my son Ogene made a law if millipede oyo QIHQ QIIQ eyalo vigiedQ ; kitenelale e.rhimi asks child for yams on road ; " from to-day on " millipede oserionu lowQtota korakb Qge,ne odejes^riS can't open mouth to speak to a person Ogene put a law. yejam^levlewa : Qtotake qlakbginyo. Olelio. for bush animals : he can't speak to a person. It is finished. BIN: STORY TOLD IN SOBO, cf. p. 21. Oiygna od^loyi Bobose ; ode^QseJoi Qvie ; Her name Bobose ; father's name is slave ; Ogene od^lQsialoii. QgQne kwobolg aiye loii anoliyQli ; her husband's name. Ogene went to his wife to salute her ; anuluqse ; anomqlax^xa gnwotawqta ; " I thank you ; I want to play with you " you tell the truth ; aya mavadax^xa ; axixaxaxaxa ; ode blgle they two played ; played, played, played ; she cut yams wokoniloii ; qlqvo osali loiixixa ; ole, odaki^lo for her mother ; then husband her played ; yams, she forgot SOBO TEXTS. 125 oniloii data kom^ing wololo nox^rQle ; omaroii his mother told me look out for on fire yams ; my son gdata koniloii noxirQne mewoxixana alubiwe ; told mother his roast yams for me I used to play eyes turned ; onilqdata an;mikexele qlgna, owelegtokofia she said to him I can't roast yams yams these, if you like make them burn oniloii otitiye owelqtokofia ; his mother reached there if you like to make yams burn ; onilqkowo oiyoggnedenye. Bobose gdata qle, his mother made palaver and Ogene heard. Bobose said yams, qngmi mebgbg woto, ngg^nenyu ; my yarus carefully roast don't let Ogene hear ; w^lonime w^dauxwo kqggnenyo ; you are my mother ; you have made palaver for Ogene here qdaleqgia leaxwure ; odj.kburie, gdata kexai, he takes soup and spoilt it ; she went to water side, said to sand(?)> an^rhienu ; oiyi qdarienu ; gdeyrugbenu ; come up ; so she came up ; went up the hill ; qdawiriokexwo QdilitugQvo oniloideblo ; she kept on washing herself at midday so her mother went to him ; wurie an;mlewe ; niQl^kbumweme at water side to beg something of her ; to go home angmgkia, nj[m;kkpumweme, mevgneto, leyo " I can't come, I can't go home, I roast yams, I get them QgQnenyo wodkbwli ; kQgqnenyo. Oniloii for Ogene here " she shouted ; Ogene heard. Her mother odeblo ; otu romoroii anuwgbeko wargmQinQk^re she went ; company my she begged my child to come out nQriumweme ; oiye otulgrnQroii aidebrokwurie, and come home ; so her child's company they went to the water, aidatake nqmorekpumweme anoiikukpumweme they said she must come home " I can't go home anoikekpumweml Onilgdisigele lowodoygbe ; I can't go home." She called igele that live for that country ; 126 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. sglioxrolovava she begged them to beg her child for her ; if she come inside house qkgxexexoxo ; anoiyebgrigfa ; oniloidata keggQne, to wash ; she says she can't come in again ; she said to Ogene, ane gbagbo bela latake sore, w;kjl!die qsewe. make Ogene go say her child, because he was his friend. Oiygg^nedeblo vurie ; Qggnedatake aneyare; gdabetaktS So Ogene went to water ; Ogene said come out ; she said an^kgnowe Qggnedavitake nis;k^nove ; near me Ogene said come near me ; odeflog^ne, toiQtqgQne she held Ogene, she put hand on Ogene aianmava ; odexireo ururhuleli they two ; they turned fish with fish tails to Ogene [come] oiogQnQde sikene ; so Ogene went near ; aiedgxgteyame all two fell in water vwanie koiQliwuwurhurhu vwame. in the water they got fishes' tails in the water. IYEDE. Akbema, We cut farm, akewerafa, we clear sticks away, Record 282. af^gbogbo agbobokamaihia we cut bush trees cut, we fire bush akbodu, aulebe we plant yams, we clear weeds enaijuakibie akawol^kwa waniekboubenu akawabele, we put in sticks we run the yams up the sticks we train them up, elekiblabo, iblabonokariile yams cut hands, i.e., are full grown, yams cut hands before we begin to eat izinikevwaipedu ; olele. in nine months we dig yams and put in stack; that's finished. SOBO TEXTS. 127 agboi atorhe eyananakewe, "We cut farm, cassava we cut trees, we set fire women clear small wood, eyanawenekako keme,daka akQiiekekbqbe,, women finish clearing and plant cassava we clear grass when we finish plantiug, melamiwule eyanakevwo ; enwuye gbe, in seven months women begin digging ; they grind it they cook, kario, olele. we eat, it is finished. Ovu. 1. iEkbe.nwa adanwanu kagbo adagbano, We clean farm, when we finish we cut trees when we have cut, katQrhe kesixw;ri kevolo e/levolonukeeime we set fire we brush it we plant yams when we have planted farm we put small sticks Qinglamerha kavqro e^daigie kavagbalo in three months we brush weeds when yams grow we tie them kawabene ; niQlaiiwule, yQn^blabqle amewQi^be. we take tendrils ; in seven months it cuts hands we clear grass again. Melamisile kariole e^nejamixwe, kevwgne ; kawQkbe.ru, In nine months we eat in ten months we finish ; we take to stack. kafaro. Olele. we stack them. Finish. Kakemgdaka kavqrebeo Qdaw^lqbiQnu We plant cassava we brush farm when we finish brushing emelamirhili kevwem^daka gdevwure, kaxwyre in nine months we dig up cassava when we bring it, we wash it iyanaka ixwiye, kemio; qke/lerhie kec^l;; kQrJr;, women grind it, dry it ; at daybreak they cook it ; we eat, kario. Olele. we eat. End. 128 TEXTS OF OTHER LANGUAGES. Record 278. Ekbenwa, amenwa, amebelagbop We cut farm, we brush fann, we cut big trees ameliviQ Qraneo, imikpgxwQle, iinelexwolo we set fire to farm, we clear away small wood, we plant yams belebelive, imelexwolo omejere meraworo, cut in two, we plant yams they grow up we clear the ground, ekecimo ometabo, awugino, okawugino, we put the sticks yams grow, they climb up when they climb, emelairini egba, kelevwoi, evwoicumwomi nine months complete, it is time to dig them, we bring yams home kjtii, edecerelea, aw^kp^du. they are there, they eat them, they tie them up. SECTION III. EDO GRAMMAR WITH APPENDIX ON WANO GRAMMAR OF THE EDO LANGUAGE. THE family of languages whose distribution is here described, appears to be distinct from those of the surrounding peoples, which are, on the south, the Ijo ; on the west, the Yoruba ; on the north-west and north, tribes of the Yoruba stock ; on the north-east, the Igbira, on the east, but on the other bank of the Niger, are the Igara, at Ida ; then come, on the west bank of the Niger, various branches of the Ibos, who extend down into the Ijo territory. Certain words appear to be common to the Edo and other families of languages, but in some cases their prevalence in both families can be readily explained, and in any case, their number is far too few to afford the presumption of any relation between the languages, whose syntax appears to be entirely different. There is a certain resemblance between the Edo family and the Ewe of Togoland and the Gold Coast, both in verbal forms and in vocabulary. Among the words common to Edo and Yoruba, are such terms as oke (hill), okuta (stone), and the like, and the reason for their appearance in both families of languages, is firstly, that the line of kings which formerly ruled the Edo, came from the Ife country, and that secondly, hills and stones being virtually unknown in the Edo country, terms for them would naturally be adopted from the language of the immigrants. There are certain resemblances between the Edo and Ibo languages, which are more difficult to explain. Parts of the K 2 132 EDO GRAMMAR. body for example, like the mouth (unu), are known by identical names, and here it is difficult to suggest an explanation. Finally, there are a certain number of words, like ekwiye (spoon), which are obviously adopted from a Komance Language of Europe, and we need have no difficulty on deciding on Portuguese as their source, for it is well known that the Portuguese were in Edo at the beginning of the sixteenth century. Orthography. The consonantal system, as the accompanying table shows, is comparatively simple for the Edo language proper ; pro- nunciation varies from tribe to tribe, as the comparative vocabularies show, but the differences cannot be adequately indicated ; in the Ishan country, for example, it is more guttural than in the Edo country ; and it was impossible to map them out systematically in the short time at my disposal The chief points to be noted are as follows* : (a) In Edo and some of the other languages (t) is some- times pronounced with the tip of the tongue on the roof of the mouth, as in ta, an interjection ; d pronounced in the same way is hardly dis- tinguishable from r, as.in erhumudiadia, butterfly ; in a certain number of words p and b are pronounced in a way that makes them almost indistinguishable from w and m ; they are possibly inspired, as is the case in the Wano language (Agenegbode), but are more probably pronounced with " mouth breath." (b) F and v are always pronounced with lower lip and upper teeth, w with both lips. X and y are the soft sounds heard in Scottish loch and North- German Tag ; y is retained in its ordinary * Unless otherwise stated the language referred to is Edo (Biui). EDO GRAMMAK. 133 SpAVOA-JpH 00) 1 * \ \ 1. 1 ' sa^iidsnj (/) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 SITOBJI (9) i i I 'JJ' 5 I a sitiTmog (p) i i i - "5- . i' i S8AI1130IIJ (o) 1 > 1 >^ N 1 > 1 X~ >" on 4-T sa^oiigy (q) i i ;? i ii gaAisojdxg; () t>0 bC< Ti T5 i ^2 ^ ^ ,i_r. 43" 1 j, i : 1 i 1 : 43 ^ 42 42 -Y S -S 5 ^ '& -s -1 s ^ 3 I - W *" t ~ I rt n-W L 01 ^ "^ ^. g.g s.^s.S^.^ 8 ^n.r Or 0) he is dead ; owii, is he dead ? The coming together of two vowels is frequently prevented by the insertion of euphonic letters or by the elision of one ; ibiekanelia, or ibiekeha, three boys. Sometimes the vowels coalesce to a diphthong, as in Q wuwaiva, he said : you two ; in this case there is also a euphonic change of vowel ; qwe, he said, wa, you, eva, two is the full form and as often happens after w the e is changed into u. Consonants are changed for euphony ; ikwenie, I answer ; ikexwenie, I answered. APPENDIX A. WANO GRAMMAR. For comparison with this I give a brief outline of the grammar of the Wano language (Agenigbodi) derived from Father Strub. The consonantal system is as follows : Gutturals ... k, kh, g y>i _ _ k',g' k > S Palatals ... e> j j s Dentals . . . t,d ts s, z r',1' n t ! r, 1 Labio-dentals _H f,v Labials P,b w, wh, hw in P',b' P ,b P m ' The vowels are as follows : 144 WANO GRAMMAR. Nouns. Plurals are formed as follows : Singular. Plural. a ... e, i ... atata, star, itata ; agwa, dog f egwa. Q ... e, a ... ggwe, goat, egwe ; Q!O, eye, alo. i ... i . . . ... ime, farm. o ... i, e, a ... okpotso, woman, ikpotso, obo, white man, ibo, qbo, doctor, qbo, oya, man, aiya, obQ, hand, abo,. u ... i (rarely e) udzo, duiker, idzo. onoiya, this man, enaiya, these men. onoiyae, that man, enaiyae, those men. where there is an adjective, its initial vowel changes to correspond to that of the noun, e.g., egwekpa, one goat, agwakpa, one dog ; akagbomi, new pot, ekegbomi, new pots ; ogbomi, something new, emaneg- bomi, new things ; atatagbomi, new star, itategbomi, new stars ; but imegbomi, new farm. Adjective. There are three degrees of comparison : osimi (he is) good ; osimine (good past) better ; osiminela (good past all) best. Possessive Adjective and Pronoun. me, ... ... Q, oi, i . . . ... itsoi. ma ... ... itsema. wa ...... itsewa. la, ola ...... itsela. WANO GRAMMAR. 145 Relative. ni, who ; oiyanugbe (oiya ni, ugbe), the man who killed him. 3rd person sing. : no, who, nio, whom, pi. ne, nie. Interrogative Adjective, Pronoun, and Adverbs. oa, who, erne, what, oyernegona, what man is that ? emokia, what is it ? emulu, what do you do ? emedza, why ? emudzaluo, why do you do it ? ebokia, how is he ? ebulu, how do you do it ? ere, where, eruyi, where do you live ? ekwereuyi, house where you live. Personal Pronouns, SUBJECT. OBJECT. 1. \, me, ineme, mi ... ... ... me, meme. 2. u, ugwe, ugwegwe e,, e, Q. 3. o, , a (dep. on vowel of noun) ... o, oi, i. 4 ma ma. 5. wa wa. 6. e, la ... ... ... ... ... la, ola. Impersonal, a. There is no reflexive ; egbeme (my body) is used to express the meaning. Tenses. Present : iluo. Future : iraluo. Future perfect : iraluone. Perfect : iluone and iluopwe. Imperative : lu, gwelu, walu. II. L 146 WANO GRAMMAR. Moods. tsimeluo, let me do it. ikenogu, I want that he dies. ikenSgu, I want that he does not die. Infinitive : ugbemi, to strike. Varia. Occasionally inversion takes place, oiya ugia, man you are. Compound subjects are treated as follows : Ogene lagime luo : Ogene with me does it. rnaluo : Ogene with me, we do it. ogime lu : he and I do it. magogenemaluo : I and Ogene, we do it. oili lagoitsevara = he and the second one go. The negative is expressed in various ways : ikia, I go ... ... Ikia, ivakia, iyakia. iluo, I do it ... ... iluo, ikaluo. luo, do it ... ... kaluo. EDO GRAMMAR. 1 4 APPENDIX B. EXAMPLES. (1) He killed three men : qgbarheha, E. ; qgbetuea, Ij. ; qgbanwaia, Ar. ; Qgbahumesa, Ok. ; eesaogbui, Ot. ; qgbigened, -A-gb- ; qgbemoialea, Uz. ; Qxwiwhera, Aj. ; qkwirnasa, ly. ; qxwixwera, Ag. (2) The man whom he killed : qmanSgbe, E. ; uwahanogbe, Ij. ; qgbwamogbe, Ar. ; olehalenuagbweli, Sa. ; igenogbe, Agb. ; eleyanogbile, Irua ; menoinelogbe.. Uz. ; Qinonokpebo, ly. ; omonoxweliwo, Ag. (3) The man who killed him : Qmanogb, E. ; gnogbelo, Ij., Ar. ; oiogboni, Ok. ; onoiyanogbili, Irua ; Qnogboi, Uz. ; onoxwelewo, Aj. ; Qmonakpeleo, ly. ; qmonoxweleo, Ag. (4) To sit is better than to stand : notota Qmosenomudia, E. ; unetolomenumiza, Irua. (5) Why do you do this ? I do it because I wish. BqzenunalwQna ? Ilurio irimigikwe, E. ; emezenelaluro ? Ilulo, rarekogolemi, Agb. ; bwisenunelwina ? Iluorumuyiyame, Ij. ; emuyimurono ? Binimioro, Ok. ; mosesuriyo ? Timio erinifia, Ot. ; bezexolema ? lluo oigolime, Es ; fikieme woieluationa ? Fiki- diwowoluona, ly. (6) What do you do every day ? I work in the fields. Bwalu edagbe ? Igawinawato, E. ; bwalu edede ? labia wokato, Ij. ; emuliogbire ? Igbedabia, Ar. ; emwiriaxorifo ? mizitotogbehe, Ok. ; moli- mokoregbe ? Izimimiyeyi, Ot. ; bwalusedefwani ? labiawokato, Sa. (7) Which goat do you want ? De,wenoh6 ? E. ; ijiremwQkqre ? Ok. ; ewenawufia ? Ot. ; Qwenobiukile ? Agb. ; giewenaholo ? Es. ; ewenaniukile ? Uz. ; dedievewogwqlo ? Aj. L 2 148 EDO GRAMMAR. (8) Who is coining ? Grade, E. ; anqde, Ar. ; oiyono, Sa. ; olovade, Agb. ; ko^jvade, Es. ; obade, Uz. ; denovade, Em. ; amonokianamo, Aj. ; amunabeea, Ag. (9) What is your name ? Batirue ? E. ; emanzuze, Ar. ; evaiyere, Ok. ; mazue, Ot. ; ode,we,, Sa. ; Qbatie, Agb. ; abawggye, Uz. ; bahakie, Em. ; odewerp, Aj. ; odeloro, Ag. (10) When are you going ? De/lenoxia, E. ; eduakpare, e/lonode, Ij. ; ewalonqxware, Ar. ; karukovala, Ok. ; eruirhiege, Ot. ; egegeubu- war^ra, Agb.; egeurekia, Esv. ; egenuraixia, Irua; eregeanewazakpa, Uz. ; okerawowokbo, Aj. ; oke,re- wotikbo, ly. ; okevowokbo, Ag. SECTION IV. COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY OF THE LANGUAGES OF THE ?DO- SPEAKING PEOPLES. 150 COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY. ABBKEVIATIONS. Ag.-Agbasa (S.). Agb. Agbede (town). Ageneg. Agenegbode. Agv. Agbede (villages). Aj. Ajeyubi (S.). Ar. Aroko. Edo. All languages except Sobo dialects. Em. Emosoga (S.). Es. Ishan. Ew. Ewu (S.). Ib. Ibie (N. Nigeria). IbL Ibilo Is. Isua Iy. lyede (S.). Ko. Kominio (N. Nigeria). Ok. Okpe. Ot. Otua. Sa. Sabongida. Sap. Sapele (S.). So. Soso (N. Nigeria). Ug.-Ugeli (S.). Uz. Uzaitui. The Sobo places are distinguished by S in brackets. SECTION IV. COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY. Note. As a rule the first person singular of the verb is given. In transitive verbs the object pronoun (le) is often added. ABDOMEN : eku, E. ; ewe,, Ar. ; udo, Ok., Ot. ; ejke,, Sa., Agb., Avg., Es. ; agu, Uz. ; udiqlimi, lb., Ko. ; ere, (?) So. ; eia, Is. ; vu, Sobo. ADULT : on wale, E. ; isasa, Ij. ; Qiiiogbqma, Ar. ; QmQxrume, Ok. [i.e., boy becomes man] ; esasagele, Ot. ; ohagQne, Agb. ; igbama, Es. ; izawe, Uz. ; Qnogqdo, Ib. ; qdzewo, Ko. ; qmolqdp, So. ; obesinabesina, Is. ; oxwogrogro, Em. ; oglegle, Aj., Ew.; awotete, ly. ANIMAL : alame, E. ; ejami, Ij., Ok., Sa., Agb., Uz., Sap., Ew. ; Qua, Ar., Ot. ANKLE: orhuawe, E. ; akukuswe, Ar. ; ugwavulovq, Ok.; axariwe, Sa. ; itulawe, Agb. ; oxunwe, Agv. ; uvirowe,, Em. ; ahorowQ, Aj. ANT, BLACK : oxia, E. ; ?mumu, Ij. ; Ot., Sa., Agb., Uz. ; imwamwa, Ar. ; izizimi, Ok. ; 5mumu, Agv. ; umumu, Es. ; anwinwa, lb. ; imumwa, Ko. ; ikia, So. ; eba, Is. ; imu, Aj. ; ianwo, Em. ANT, WHITE: qxa, E. ; e,xa, Ij. ; ikpala, Ar. ; orhumu, Ok.; idodolo, Agb. ; olgle, Agv. ; aton, Es. ; idodo, Uz. ; glaname, Aj. ; qrova, Sap. ; CWQWQ, Em. 152 COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY. ANVIL : Qvie, E. ; ugiaoto, Agb. ; qkezjli, Agv. ARM : obq, K, Ij., Sa., Agb., Agv., Es. (pi. abo,), Is., Aj., Ew. ; orhgrnbg, Ar. ; erha, Ok. ; gobq, Ot. ; otuabq, Ib. ; okpakobg, Ko. ; ote,kpe, So. ARROW : ifQme, E. ; ofqme, itakbo (tipped), Agb. ; uf^me, Agv. ; ofemi, itakbo, Uz. ; odada, Sap. ARROW POINT : uto, E. ; udqlQ, Agb., Agv. ; izugba, Uz. ARROW FEATHERS : akwe, E. ; ulolo, Agb. ; ulolo, Agv. ; ulolo, Uz. ASHES : gmwe, E. ; enwe, Agb., Uz. ; QUIQ, Agv., Es. ; oria, Sap. ASK (QUESTION), v. : in^lQta, E. ; inolqgbo, Agb. ; itamaeda- tio^re, Agv. ; m^Qingli, Es. ; inqlqgbo (I ask him), Uz. ; rnQnglgta, Aj. ASK FOR, v. : inolQmi, E. ; ianonu, Ij. ; memilahilawoni, Ok. ; meminQgwe, Ot. ; inolQgbelimi, Agb. ; inologbemili, Agv. ; inpoia (I ask a man), Es. ; inqgbo, Uz. ATTACH, v. : igbaimwe, E. ; idiohiwo, Ij. ; niigelo, Ot. ; idigli, Sa. : ijuliowo, Agb. ; idioliowo, Agv. ; igbale, Es. ; idiQiiiina, Uz. ; mikiulo, Em. BABY : Qm^bo, E. ; gm^nggbo, Ar., Ot. ; Qmor^xene, Ok. ; Qmowe (new child), Agb. ; gggrnqinowe, Uz. ; qinofe, Ib., Ko., Ibl. ; QniQfofa, Em. ; Qmoboba, Sobo. BACK : iyqke, E., Agb. ; ehimi, Ij., Sa. ; uxoxo, Ar. ; ukoko, Ok. ; iki, Agv. ; ike, Es. ; itsike, Uz. ; ubuko, Em., Sap. ; ugbuko, Sobo. BACK HOUSE : iyekowa, E., Agb. ; e,kigoloa, Agv. ; ukokowa, Es. BAG : ekpo, E., Sap. ; Ekba, Es., Uz. BANDAGE, v. : igbai, E. ; igbalo, Agb. ; igbale, Agv., Es. BAR (for door) : okbe, Agb., okene, Agv. ; akava, Uz. ; onurh- orho, Sap. BASKET (MAN'S) : agma, E. ; akwika, Agb., Uz. ; ukpoli, Agv. ; akwa, Es. ; osa, Sap. BASKET (WOMAN'S) : oxwai, E. ; okba, Agb. ; upali, Agv.; oxwali, Es. ; okba, Uz. ; osa, Sap. COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY. 153 BATH, r. : ixwgwowa, E. ; ikwQwowa, Agb. ; ikowa, Agv. ; ixqlegbea, Es. ; ikwea, Uz. BE, v. I AM A HUNTER : ohuQxi, E. ; ohuailu, Ij. ; agiqd^kila, Agb., Uz. ; ohueki, Agv. ; omilohaixi, Es. I AM A FARMER : QWQxi, E. ; Qwekila, Agb. ; oeleki, Agv. ; onomugbwQxi, Es. ; ogwimekila, Uz. I AM A BLACKSMITH : ogwixi, E., Agv. ; agbedelu, Ij. ; ororamikila, Agb.; onologwixo (?) Es. ; ugbidi- Qkila, Uz. ; memoguduonwame, Aj. ; mewogii, Ew. ; meogu, ly. AFRAID, AM, v. : ohamomi ohaigume, E. ; inof we (I pass through fear), Agb., Agv. ; ofemume, Es. ; ofomume (fear catches me), Uz. ANGRY, AM, v. : ohumume, E. ; owuwume, Agb. ; ohuhume, Agv. ASHAMED, AM, v. : Qxuemume, E. ; ^kgrnume, Agb. ; e,ko- lilume, Agv. ; exoilome, Es. ; imamomumi, Uz. BIG MAN, AM : ixienowale, E. ; idewokolukpizia, Agb.; ihulilopihali,Agv.; ikidomai, Es. ; ikilemidokpiza,Uz. COLD, AM, v. : Qligbime, E. ; oyigbemi, Agb. ; oninig- beme, Agv. ; uligbemi, Es. ; oliliqgbemi, Uz. CONTENT, AM, v. : Qkovqme, E: ; ixw^le, Ij. ; miko, Ok. ikwe, Agb. ; ikolo, Agv. ; ikoli, Es. ; ikwe, Uz. Qvovgme, Em. CONTENT, AM NOT, v. : Qkomavgme, E. ; isQxwe, Ij. miziko, Ok.;; imakwe, Agb. ; imas^xgn, Agv., Es. imakwe ; evuiyevame, Em. DISGUSTED, AM, v. : ihonimioi (I do not wish to see it) ikelenimio, Agb. ; iholonimiQli, Agv. GLAD, AM, v. : igggoi, E. ; igiQgie, Agb. ; igQgo, Agv. ig^Qg?. Es - ; igiegie, Uz. HUNGRY, AM, v. : oliam^gbime, E., Agv. ; ozam^gbime, Agb. ; osamugbQme, Uz. PLEASED, AM, v. : igQg^, E. ; igiegie (I laugh), Agb., Uz. ; igQg, Es. ; megqdp, Aj. THIRSTY, AM, v. : owam^gbime, E. ; ozamQgbeme, Agb., Agv. ; ohamome.gbeine, Es. ; osamogbeme, Uz. VEXED, AM, v. : imohu (I have anger), E. ; imqlovou, 154 COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY. Agb. ; imiohu, Agv. ; iv (?=I shout), Es. ; imoofu (I have anger), Uz. ; ivuwie.be, Aj. BEAR CHILD, v. : ivie (qmo), Agb., Agv. BECKON, v. : iyobQtigle, E. ; itobqtio, Agb. ; itobQtio, Agv. ; irobqtioiya, Es. ; irobqwegioiya, Uz. (I take hand call man). BED : ukbo, E. ; utukbo, Agb. ; ekologu, Agv. ; ukwo, Es. ; Qkbaise, Uz. ; ukbe, Sap., Ew. BEG FOR WIFE, v. : ilimiainoye.mqme, E. ; idolaninorharemimi, Agb. ; inglggbami, Agb. ; ixcainolenohramelimi, Agv. ; inqgbwami, Uz. BEGIN, v. : isoboio [also I catch him], E. ; izu'obano, Ar. ; milena, Ok. ; igbare, Agb. ; isobowo, Es. ; igbae/le, Uz. ;. mikeluolo, Aj. ; rniceluo, Or. ; metibluwe, ly. ; miceluwo, Ag. BELIEVE, v. : iyaiyi, E. ; igbaikejo^ Agb. ; igbakiqli, Agv. - r irhQQWQ, Es. ; itewQWQ, Uz. (I give ear). BELL : agogo, e,lo, E., Agb., Agv., Es. ; (dog) akaba, E., Agb., Agv., Es., Uz., Sap. BELLOWS : ekw, E. ; ikie,, Agb. ; ekiQ, Agv. ; ikie, Uz. BIKD : ahiame, E. ; aflame, Ij. Sa., Agb. ; afia, Ar. ; afgri, Ok. - f gafue, Ot. ; afieme, Agv. ; omovQra, Aj., Sap. ; om^ra, Em. BITE, v. : iffaile, E. ; ihianako, Sa. ; ikiono, Agb. ; ikiono (take with mouth), Agv. ; ikulole, Es. ; ikiokioi ? Uz. ; meromilo, Aj. ; meronie, ly. ; inedoglo, Ag. ; medomoro^ Em. BLACKSMITH : Ogun, E., Sobo ; agbe/ie, Ora, Uz. BLEED, v. : ituesagie, E. ; itanakwa, Agb. (blood runs away) ; arkain^kwa, Agv. ; (?) ikwale, Es. ; itaivare (blood comes), Uz. BLOOD : Qsagie, E. ; e,re, Ij., Sa. ; cjiya, Ar. ; ade,, Ok. ; ita r Agb. ; atani, Agv. ; arhali, Es. ; obala, Em., Sap. ; esage, Aj., Ew., ly. BODY : e,gb, E., Es., Ij., Ar., Ok., So. ; gbe, Agb., Agv. ; ijQgbe, Ib. ; idiQgbe, Ko. ; igbQligbe, Is. ; qma, Em., Aj., Ew. ; Qklqma, ly. ; omaiyobi, Sap. BOILS, IT, v. : Qti, am^ti, E., Agb. ; qti, Agv., Uz. ; amgxwa, Es. COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY. 155 BONE : ugbqdoko, E. ; akpoka, Ij. ; ugwa, AT., Agb. ; uwa, Ok. ; agogodu, Sa. ; ogwg, Agv. ; ugwe, Es. ; owa, Em. ; osoaso, Aj., Ew., Sap., ly. ; ugbeku, Sap. BORE, v. : ihai, E. ; iyalo, Agb. ; ihaloi, Agv. ; ihalgle, Es. ; ivwali, Uz. Bow : ohabq, E. ; uzi, Agb., Agv., Uz. ; murabo, Sap. Bow STRING: eka ( = tietie), E. ; uka, Agb.; uka, Agv.; oami, Uz. BOY : awoxa, E., Sa. ; oviamoxu, Ij. ; QmQma, Ar. ; Qrnqze, Ok. ; qmqfanike, Ot. ; woxa, Agb. ; owoxa, Es. ; igiwiai, , Uz. ; ukukwQmo, Ib. ; QHIQ, Ko. ; qmqkeke, So. ; Is. ; Qmotqte, Sobo ; omaha, ly. BRACELET: Qlqmo (brass), E., awQl^ki, Agb.; ukelu, Agv.; Qgiaga (iron), udokoli, Uz. BRASS : Qlqmg, E., Agv. ; Qlomi, Agb. BREAK A BONE, v. : ibwefQ, E. ; ixiogwa, Agb. ; (?) irhobowalo,, Uz. BREAK, v. : ibwQ, E. ; inuno, Ar. ; ikaloya, Agb. ; im^lonia, Agv. ; iwulqla, Es. ; ikulqla, Uz. ; memirhilo, Aj. ; memirilie, ly. BREAST, WOMAN'S : nwe, E. ; e^le, Sa. ; enye, Agb., Agv., Uz. ; inye, Es. ; ive, Is. ; ivie, Aj., Ew., ly. ; evie, Sap. ; Em. BREATH : gw, E., Sa. ; ati, Ar. ; arhina, Ok. ; orema, Ot. ; oyqze, Agb. ; o^hie, Agv. ; awo, Es. ; aiye, Ib. ; Ko. ; iye, So. ; ifuiza, Is. ; Em. ; erhi, Aj. ; e;ri, Ew. ; Qmg, ly. ; ubiuxu, Ag. BRIPGE : gzenawale, E. ; gkwa, Agb. ; qba, Agv. ; akwa, Es. ; ; gleno,, Agv. ; eleje. Es. ; eje,, Uz. ; none, Sobo. TO-MORROW : axwe, E. ; akwe, Agb. ; ako, Agv. ; axo Es. ; akwe, Uz. ; ode, Sobo. 3RD DAY : ilaxwe, E. ; akwefwa (to-morrow finish), Agb., Uz. ; e,tiako, Agv., Es. ; edejelo, Sap ; erehep, Aj. ; Qdqglo, Ug. ; Qdezgro, En. ; edeyoro, Ag. 4TH DAY : un?QlQ, E. ; akwearesuzi, Agb. ; ^sgd^ne, Agv. ; gdengle,, Es. ; udgne, Ug. OTH DAY : usigle,, E. ; urelgle,, Agb. ; uheleje,, Agv. 6TH DAY : e.dehae.le,, E. ; kpgleeraeje, Agb. ; Qdahaeje,, Agv. VTH DAY : gdehmoQle,, E. STH DAY : nQvede,lwane, E. YESTERDAY : node, E. ; node, Agb. ; node, Agv. ; node, Es. ; eneuode, Uz. ; gke/lQle,, Sap. ; odepwho, Aj. ; gdeokpoli, Ug. ; qderowali, Ag. 3RD DAY : ngggdia, E. ; qnukp^node, Agb. ; inolua, Agv. ; Qsgdea, Es. ; e.ne.kpode, Uz. ; edeho^vie, Aj. ; odeglokpoli. 4TH DAY : n^g^dene, E. ; inqkpinekbude, Agb. ; ^sedene, Agv.; Es. 5TH DAY: n^vuse, E.; eleosikpilizi, Agb. ; Qleosuh^le, Agv. GTH DAY : nevedeta, E. TTH DAY: nevedehino, E. DELIVER A MESSAGE, v. : igwaxa, ininie, E. ; itame (I tell), Agb. ; itamale, Agv. ; itaniale, igiqli, Es. ; igioiuso 1 (I say to him, you understand), Uz. DESCEND, v. : iture, E. ; irhure, Ij. ; mebepenarike, Ok ; ize,lede, Agb. ; itu^re, Agv. ; idawohraru^re, Es. ; ikfamde, Uz. DESTROY, SPOIL, v. : irhialua, E. ; itialQiya, Agb. ; itialQria, Agv. ; idumqlia, Es. ; itiala, Uz. DETACH, v. : irhalehi, E. ; irhielowgri, Agb. ; irhiolewqri, Agv. ; italgle, Es. ; iwadiowo, Uz. DEVASTATE, v. : igenowa, E. ; itonaleia (burn), Agb. ; itonqlia, Agv. ; itu^lqla, Es. ; itonewola, Uz. (I burn it down). 160 COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY. DIG, V.: itQnoii, E. ; iatoi, Ij. ; igwa, Agb. ; igwanqli, Agv. ; igwale, Es. ; igwa, Uz. DIG UP, v. : ivw, E. ; igbololo, Agb. ; igbolqli, Agv. ; itinia (yams), Es. ; igwaiio, Uz. DIE, v. : iwu, E. ; igu, Agb. ; igulu, Agv. ; iyulu, Es. ; igu, Uz. DIGGING STICK : ogba, E. ; osiii, Agb. ; Ekwia, Agv. ; ogba, Es. ; otsui, Uz. DOOR : QXII, E. ; ukazi, Agb. ; ku, Agv. ; (jxu, Es. ; gku, Uz. DOORWAY : onurhu, E. ; unugi, Agb. ; olukwQde, Agv. ; ode, Es. ; unugioa, Uz. ; e,kie, Sap. ; aliniQke, Ew. DREAM, v. : iinina, E. ; iwona, Agb. ; iwohie, Agv. ; iwohie, Es. ; iwona, Uz. ; memerhemere, Aj. DRESSING PIN : ukoti, E. ; uke, Agb. ; ubg, Agv. DRINK, v. : inwo, idai (wine), E. ; mQrimwo, Ok. ; minwo, Ot. ; iyame, idanio, Agb. ; inyame, Agv. ; idainyo, imwameo, Es. ; iwo, Uz. ; medame, Aj. ; medemu, Ov. ; medudi, Iy., Ag. DRIVE AWAY, v. : ixwefwa, E. ; ixola, Agb. ; ikwqli, Agv. ; ikulaiekbako, Uz. DRUM, CHIEF'S : izSduma, E. ; emaxwqlenugie, Agb. ; ebax- wejenugie, Agv. ; abejbe, Uz. ; Qge/lQ, Sap. MAN'S : Qmogo, E. ; akwema (big), Es. DOCTOR'S : ige.de, E. ; ike^bo, Agb. ; ikede, Uz. WOMAN'S : em^rakpaide, E. ; Qk^ga, Agv. ; ube, Uz. STICK : ok^ke, E. ; osqkpurokaga, Agb. ; ukpaukidi, Agv. DRY MYSELF, v. : ixiqgbe, E. ; ikpol^gbia, Agb. : izbol^gbia, Agv. ; iakaibe, Es. ; ikaigbe, Uz. EAR : eh^, E., Agv., Es., Sa. ; eo, Ar. ; erh^, Ok. ; gozqgi, Ot. ; ezo, Agb. ; ewo, Uz. ; esp, Ib., Ko., Ibl., Is., Iy. ; erho,, Em., Ag. ; orho, Aj., Ew., Sap. EARRING : ikb^mewo, Uz. EAST : Ohimi, unwowie, E. ; Qbeleragyiri, Agb. ; Qgovoida- gere, Agv. ; qligbia, Uz. ; olivi, Aj. EAT, v. : iri;mi, il^, E. ; ialimi, Ij. ; meriri, Ok. ; milezi, Ot. ; iile, Agb. ; ileme, Agv. ; ilSbale, Es. ; ile, Uz. ; meliQino Ag., Aj., Em., Ov. ; meliare, Iy. COMPARATIVE DICTION AKY. 161 DON'T, v. : iil, E. ; iale, Ij. ; igoxili, Ar. ; megQmeroni^ Ok. ; mierilunivo, Ot. ; ule, Agb. ; ilexileme, Agv. ; inegemonao, Aj. FORBID (food), v. : iwa, E. ; igwa, Agb. ; meya, Em. EAVES : iname, E. ; akeda, Agb., Agv., Uz. ; Qgbede, Es. EIGHT : glqle, E., Sa., Ib., Sobo ; ;le,le, Agv., Es. ; inyene, Ar., Ok. ; enye, Ot., Ib. ; inye.nie, So. ; hue, Is. ; e,le, Agb,,, Uz., Sobo. EIGHTEEN : ivarawugye, E. ; ikevasue, Ij., Sa. ; kevaresue, Ar. ; karevuye, Ok. ; azevasowigye, Ot. ; igbele, Agb.,. Uz. ; igbenene, Agv. ; evaigbenebe, Es. ; igbele, Uz. ;. ixwewenele, Aj. ; ixwigbelele, Em., Ew. ; ixwoligbera,. Sap., ly. ELBOW : igwabg, E., Es., Agb., Agv. ; ugwabo,, Ij. ; ugwobq,, Sa. ; akpagobq, Ar. ; ukoxwaxwa, Ok. ; ukpegabQ, Ib. ; ukpabq, Ko. ; ukpanobQ, So. ; usulobg, Is. ; erhuobo;, Em. ; egorobQ, Aj. ELEVEN : owqro, E. ; jgbglo, Ij. ; igbgkpa, Ar., Ot. ; ogbgrawo, Ok. ; ugbolo, Sa. ; ugboluo, Agb. ; ugbolu, Agv. ; igboloa, Es. ; igbgloa, Uz. ; igbaloguo, Ib. ; igbaguo, Ko. ' r igbanowo, So. ; oguto, Ibl. ; bebqlgda, Is. ; IXWQVO, Em. ;; UWQVO, Aj. ; ukwQvo, Ug. ; UXWQVO, Sap., Ag. ; IWQVO,. iy- ENEMY: ogia, E., Sa. ; odimi, Ij. ; obe, Ar., Ok., Ot. ; obie, Agb. ; obe, Agv., Uz. ; ovQgle, Em. ; ovQgile, Aj. ; uk^rne, . Sap. ; oliofle, Iy. ; ovlovlo, Ag. EXHALE, v. : ibqwerioto, E. ; iy^zeoto, Agb. ; iyehiegoto, Agv. EXTINGUISH, v. : isi^koto, E. ; isiqkQloto, Agb. ; isoikioto, Agv. ; imwQladenare, Es. ; ipunoiya, Uz. EYE, FACE : alo, E., Agb., Agv., Es., Uz. ; e,lo (e,ro), Sobo. Eye, also: ikpalo, Agb., Agv., Ugbelu, Uz., lolo, Es. ; ukpQlu, Ib. ; ukpamelu, Ko. ; id^du, So. ; am, Is. ; ovaro,. Aj. ; owaro, Ew. EYEBROW: ikalo, E. ; Qgogom^lo, Ar. ; oxomil$lo, Ot. ; igogejo; Sa. ; ikokalo, Agb. ; !kalo, Agv. ; itif^lu, Es. ; ikpivialo^ Uz. ; Qgbglo, Em., Sap. ; qkmaro, Aj. EYELASHES : ifwalo, E. ; etuxuxume.le, Ar. ; ituilo 1 , Ok. ; II. M 162 COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY. utukwimilo, Ot. ; iruQlo, Sa. ; ivovalo, Agb. ; ifualo, Agv. ; ihuglo, Es. ; ifufwalo, Uz. : etuejo, Em., Sap. ; ifofaro, FALL, v. : id, E. ; ide, Agb. ; ide,re, Es. ; ide., Uz. FAMILY : e,gb, E. ; eale, Sa. ; ftzizi, Agb. ; unwele, Agv. ; egbe, Es. ; usisi, Uz. ; inyogo, Ib., Ko. ; iminyo, Ibl. ; obinowe, Is. ; olwa, Em. ; e"kulu, Aj., Ew. FARM : ugbo, E. ; ime, Agb., Uz. OLD : ogo, E. FELL A TREE, v. : ile,ragboto, igbehra, E. ; igbohra, Agb. ; ihiQradio, Es. ; ifioraigbe, Uz. FELL, v. : itu^gboto, E. ; igborhadio (tree), Agb. ; igbolQgio, Agv. ; iruzeaihi[ora], Es. ; ifioigbe, Uz. FETCH, r. : iyamwe, E. ; itielore, Agb. ; ihoanoiya, Es. ; inwoidi, Uz. ; memitobe, Ib., Ko. ; mizegbegwaizi, Is. ; ekaimwore, Aj. FIFTEEN : ikesugie, E. ; igbehene, Ij. ; igbihi, Ar. ; Qgbise, Ok. ; igbize, Ot. ; igbihe^e, Sa. ; igbese, Uz. ; ixwioli, Em. ; ixioli, Ew. FIFTY : ikegbesia, E. ; evaigbe, Ij., Ar., Ko. ; iesa, Ok. ; iegevarigbe, Ot. ; igboivaekpeigbe, Sa. ; uwovikpanigbe, Agb. ; uwovabigbe, Agv. ; ekigbesia, Es. ; igboivaik- pegoigbe, Uz. ; evegbe, Ib., Ibl. ; isievantigbe, So. ; Qgbelevabeligbe, Is.; ugioli, Em.; uzuvegbixwe, Sap., Ew. ; ujuvegbiwe, Aj. FIGHT, v. : igbina, igw^gbina, E. : imakgle, Agb. : imakQle, Agv. ; ikgli, Es. ; ikoi, Uz. FILE : olima, E. ; onima, Agb, Agv. ; eli, Uz. FILE TEETH, v. ; isakg, E., Agb., Uz. FIND (SEE), v. : imioi, igwaloi, E. ; mimosa, Ot, ; imieloo, Agb. ; imioni, Agv. ; imiqli, Es. ; ikeloi (I look for it), Uz. ; memeleje, Aj. ; megwolQ, Em. FINGER : ikpihab^, E., Ij. ; ikanabg, Ar., Ok. ; ikagobg, Ot. ; ukpobQ, Sa. ; buzobQ, Ag. ; ikpwabg, Ib. ; inesabg, Ko. ; oza, Is. ; uriabq, Em. COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY. 163 FINISH, r. : ilugfo, E., Ij. ; miygfo, Ok. ; miyone, Ot. ; ilulone, Agb. ; iluQlifo, Agv. ; iluolgfo, Es. ; isQsene, Uz. ; mihiomile, Ov. ; meluiio, ly. ; milulune, Ag. FIRE ; e.hi-0, E. ; eta, Agb. ; erane, Agv., Es. ; etai, Uz. ; erhale, Sap. FIRST : oka, nokalo, E. ; gziqzi, Agb., Uz. ; qliqliQli, Agv. ; okaro, esigvo, Ug. FISH ; ehe, E. ; ilehie, Ar. ; afgremi, Ok. ; ilezie, Ot. ; eheje, Sa., Agv. ; eze, Agb. ; Qse, Uz. ; e,li, Em., Aj., Ew. ; elie,, Sap. FISH SPEAR ; akaihQ, E. ; ukpgle.ku, Agb. ; 5zui, Agv. ; opolo, Es. ; Qga, Sap. FISHER : Qgbeke,, E. ; Qgbeze, Agb. ; Qgbehele, Es. ; QkQgo, Aj. FIVE : is, E., Es. ; ihe,ne, Ij. ; ihi, Ar. ; isili, ezi, Ok. ; ize, Ot., Agb. ; ihqle,, Sa. ; jse, Uz. ; ise, Ib., Is. ; isie, Ko. ; ize, So., Ib. ; inyoli, Em., ly. ; iyuli, Sap., Aj., Ag. ; iyoli, Ew. FLAME: Qba, E. ; awalawaleta, Agb.; olgmerone, Agv.; eranovala, Es. ; olgmeta (tongue of fire), Uz. ; Qgaga, Sap. FLESH : ^M, E., Agb., Agv., Es. ; QmakpokpQ, Aj., ly. ; umq, Ew., Sap. FLOG, v. : igb, ifielimi, E. ; itelimigbo, Agb. ; iremigbQli, Agv. FLOOR : otowa, E. ; otQlowa, Agb. ; otQloa, Agv., Es. ; elu (?), Uz. ; utumwemi, Sap. ; ohonwoli, Ey. FLUTE : ^lele, E. ; ulele, Agb. ; alele, Agv. ; ufe, Uz. CALABASH : okbe, Qzike,, E. ; utuko, Agb. ; akala, Agv. ; okpai, Uz. FLY : udia, E., Ot., Agv. ; uze, Ar. ; uda, Ok. ; uzia, Agb. ; uja, Es. ; ija, uja, Uz. FLY, v. ; iti, E. ; iti, Agb. ; iti, Agv. ; itiui, Es. ; ida, Uz. ; meda, Aj. FOLLOW, v. : ilele,, E. ; it^xalo, Agb. ; itgkalqli, Agv. ; ir^xale, Es. ; it^kalo, Uz. FOOT, LEG : OWQ, Edo ; Qkowe, Ib., Ko. ; ijig^ke, So. ; Qbg, Is. ; OWQ, Sobo. FORBID, v. : iw, E. ; igwa, Agb. ; igwa, Agv. ; iwa, Es. ; igwa, Uz. M 2 164 COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY. FORGE ; qgwogu, E. ; ugolozami, Agb. ; ugolohami, Agv. ; ugolozami, Uz. FORGET, r. : inyamfe, E. ; iyelia (I think away), Agb., Es., Uz. ; irnal^, Agv. ; mekaihoo, Aj. ; makaruo, Ov. FORGIVE, v. : iyane^xweji, E. ; igbekwane, Agb. ; igbe.kwanale, Agv. ; iranamaia, Es. ; igbekwanai, Uz. FOREHEAD : uhalu, ejhai, E. ; erhai, Ar. ; ikbo, Ok., Ot. ; unugbo, Agb., Uz. ; ugbo, Agv. ; Qgogo, Es. : oxwa, Em. ; arhale, Aj., ly. ; ekuri, Sap., Ag. ; ekbele, Ew. FORTY : iyeva, E. ; ibweva, Ij. ; igboleva, Ar., Agb., Agv. ; leva, Ok. ; iegeva, Ot. ; igboiva, Sap. ; egbeva, Es., Ib. ; eboiva, Ko. ; isieva, So. ; agbalava, Ibl. ; egbeleva, Is. ; uzuve, Em., Sap., Ew. ; uyuve, Aj., ly. FOUR : jn$, E., Agv., Es. ; ene, Ij., Ar., Ok., Ot, Ib.,' Ko., So., Ib., Is. ; e,ne, Aj., Ug., ly., Ag. ; eji, Agb. ; gdi, Uz. ; ele, Sap., Ew. FOURTEEN : iwene, E. ; igbene, Ij., Ar., Ot., Sap., Es. ; Qgbene, Ok. ; igbeleji, Agb. ; igbelene, Agv. ; igbe,di, Uz. ; ixwene, Em. ; ixwcle, Sap. ; iwene, ly. FOWL : QXQXQ,, E., Ot. ; ogbigbi, Ar. ; qkqkq, Ok., Agb., Uz. ; oqko, Agv. ; Qko, Awoiki ; qxo, Aj. FRIEND : ose, E., Aj., Sap. ; omwe, Ij., Ar. ; omoemi, Sa. FUNNEL (OF BELLOWS) : obwe, E. ; ibiami, Agv. GATHER (FRUIT), v. : ikqloi, E. ; ikgno, Agb. ; ikQlqli, Agv. ; ifgdi (coconuts), Es. ; ikokoviobure, Uz. GET UP : ikpaigbe, E. ; ikpare, Agb. ; ikpano, Agv. ; ikpailo, Es. ; ikiowikpalo (I wake rise), Uz. ; mivle, Aj. ; me vie, Sap. GIRDLE (BLACK) : akbolu, E. ; onqkbQ, Agb. ; QlQkbq, Agv. - T ekpolu, Es. ; anQkbq, Uz. GIRL : awoxoxu, E. ; ivieleki, Ij. ; an;ki, Ar. ; gmgrnQzi, Ok. L Qm^kposo, Ot. ; awoxaleke, Sap. ; qmqzi, Agb., Uz. ;. Qmohi, Agv. ; Qmami, Es. ; ukukwqzi, Ib. ; Qmoisi, Ko., So. ; qmobisi, Is. ; QmQte, Sobo. GIVE A DASH TO, v. : iyemine, E. ; it^bimine, Agb. ; iremiyQli,, Agv. ; irheminQli, Es. COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY. 165 GIVE IN MARRIAGE, v. ; iyQmQne, E. ; itgrnqne, Agb. ; erhomQnQle, Agv. ; irhamenale, Es. Go, v. : ixia, E. ; ida, Agb. ; ikia, Agv. ; miaje, Ib. ; miaji, Ko. ; mikije, So. ; ameyode, Is. ; meyara, Em. ; inehiale, Aj. ; inehialo, Sap. ; mehialao, Ug. ; AWAY, ikpare, E. ; mikbo, Ug. ; meniakbo, Ew. ; mikbo, Iy., Ag., Ovu. Go ON, v. : ixiodalu, E., Es. ; ixiara, Agb. ; ikia, Agv. ; ikpako, Uz. Go TO SLEEP, v. : ilaiyanoari, E. ; iraniagwe, Agb. ; ilananagwa, Agv. ; ianowehawe, Es. ; iagwe, Uz. ; mihiere, Aj. GOAT : e,we, E., Ij., Ar., Sa., Agv., Ew. ; izili, Ok. ; QWI, Ot. ; qgwe, Agb. ; Qgwi, Uz. ; e,ve, Em., Sap., Aj. GRAVEL : ;kpihe, E. ; jkpido, Agb. GROUND : oto, Edo, Sobo. GROWS, IT, v. : okaminahu (corn), E. ; QWU, Agb. ; qhu, Agv. ; orhagi^ri, Es. ; otolgmi, Uz. GROW, v : ihwale, E. ; imewo, Agb. ; ihulu, Agv. ; itale, Es. ; ilgmi, Uz. GUN : Qsisi, E., Agb., Agv., Es. ; unu, Sap. HAIR : etoQtu, E., Ar., Ok. ; eto, itsu, Ib., Ko., So. ; exu, Is. ; eto, Sobo. HAIR (IN THRUMS) : ifieto, E., Agv. ; ixie eto, Agb. PLAITS : qmeto, E. ; ibeto, Agb. ; ubeto. HAIR PIN : azuwa, E. ; ugme,, Agv., Es. HAMMER : uniomg, E., Agv. ; umomi, Agb. HAND (see also ARM) : ikanabQ, Ok. ; ekobQ, Ib., Ko. ; iminabQ, So. BACK OF HAND : iyekobq, E., Agb. ; ehiemobq, Ij. ; oxoxobQ. Ar., ukoxira, Ok. ; ehinobg, Sa. ; ikobQ, Es. ; ubukobQ, Aj. LEFT : QgobQ, Edo ; irhorara, Ok. ; obqxuere, Em., Aj. EIGHT : oberha, E. ; obgdi^n, Ij., Ar., Ot., Sa. ; erhoine, Ok. ; obeta, Agb. ; obira, Agv., Es. ; obqre, Em., Aj. HARMATTAN : Qxwaxwa, E. Es. ; Qpakpa, Agv. ; okiekevo, Uz. 166 COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY. HAT : ukata, E., Uz. ; irngrova, Agb. ; umQlqva, Agv. HATE, v. : ey^me, E. ; iho, E. ; eeggme, Ij., Ar. ; ikele, ogqlene, Agb. ; iyaholo, oiyagQl^me (man does not please me), Agv.; ieme, Es. HEAD : fihuinu, E. ; ohurnu, Ij. ; uwo, Ar. ; ima, Ok. ; uso, Ot., ly. ; uhumu, Agv. ; uh^mo, Es. ; uro, Agb. ; usui, Uz. ; oyo, Em. ; uhiu, Aj. ; usio, Ew. ; uyo, Sap. ; uzo, ly. HEART : ekokodu, E., Es. ; udinikpuwu, Ij. ; ukomemo, Ok. ; iyu, Ot. ; agogodu, Sa. ; ukbo, Agb., ukbu, Agv. ; okba, Ib. ; ukbako, (?) Ko. ; ofa, So. ; alawe, Em. ; ubiudu, Aj., Ew. ; ekodi, ly. HEARTH : alu^wu, E. ; glulu, Es. HELP (WITH LOAD), v. : ikpale. E. ; ikpalo, Agb. ; ikpalqli, Agv. ; imunoiya, Es. ; iyeloiya, Uz. (WITH MONEY), v. : iyqlobo ; E. ; idalobo, Agb. ; ida- lobo, Agv. ; ikpalobo, Uz. HIDE, v. : irhielele, E. ; ineheli, Ij. ; inaele, Ar. ; miuege, Ok. ; milawaga, Ot. ; itieveje, Agb. ; itiehgli, Agv. ; irgko (I take hide), Es. ; itoivgle, Uz. ; misilovlo, Aj. ; misigno, Em. HILL : oke, E., Agv., Es. ; ege, Agb., Uz. HINGE (OR DOOR POST) : ovi^xu, E. ; eku, Agb., Uz. ; oku- mQxu, Es. ; eb^rhie, Sap. HIT, SHOOT, v. : isai, E. ; isaloi, Ot. ; isalq, Agb. ; isal, Agv., Es. ; itsai, Uz. ; mesalo, Aj., Ag. ; mesalie, ly. ; mesaro, Em. HOE : Qgwe,, E. ; e,gw, Agb. ; ^gw, Agv., Es., Uz. ; ewolu, Sap. HONEY : onw2, E. ; eyo, Agb. ; Q!O, Agv. HOOK : ukade, E. ; ode,, Agb. HOP, v. : okbegi, Agb. ; okpasugie mugie, Agv. ; ibi, kpakpoyi, Ir. ; isokbigi, Uz. ; igogo, Aj. HORN : igo, E. ; ukba, Agb. ; ixwa, Agv. ; Qgbai, Uz. ; okli, Aj. HOUSE : ow^, E. ; oa, Agb., Agv., Uz. ; owa, Es. ; uiiwemi, Sap. ; unwQmi, Ew. COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY. 167 How LONG : bqkpgs^, E. ; gbpirele, Agb. ; borigteye,, Es. ; aboirele, Uz. HUNDRED : iise, E. ; egbolihe, Ij. ; igbolihi, Ar. ; iesi, Ok. ; iigise, Ot. ; igbolihe, Sa. ; uwozi, Agb. ; igboheli, Agv. ; ise, Es. ; igboisi, Uz. ; uli, Em. Two HUNDRED : uli, E. ; Qgboigbe, Ij. ; igboegbe, Ar., Sa. ; iegbe Ok., Ot. ; uliive, Em. HURTS ME, IT ; I SUFFER PAIN, v. : Qdamegbe, E. ; Qtomqgbe, Agb., Agv.; (it aches me in the body); Qtooiya (it aches a man), Es. ; eminetorui (things ache), II z. INHALE, v. : ih^we,, E. ; iyQzig, Agb. ; iShiQ, Agv. IRON : QmatQfl, E. ; akuli, Agb. ; utelu, Aj. JOINT : axwe, E. ; akpaka, Agb. ; uro, Aj. ; Qglo, Ew. ; eru, ly . JUMP : iwoi isale, E. ; itiaokuli, ije, iwo, Agb. ; isale, Agv. ; isale, Es. ; idie, idaiyaokuli, Uz. ; mivleho, Aj. KEY (AND LOCK) : isahe, E. ; usiQvle, Sap. KILL , v : igbe, igbelua, E., Agb., Agv., Es., Uz. ; mixwili, Aj., Ag., Ov. ; mikbilie, ly. , mexwQle, Em. Kiss, v. : ihihiejunu, E. ; imimiQluno, Agb. ; iniimiqluno, Agv. KITCHEN : ukoni, E. ; inigu, Agb., Agv. ; Qgejiaima, Es. ; igbid;gu, Uz. ; ukoli, Ew. KNEE : uwawe, E. ; ugweloe, Ij. ; uwelia, Ar. ; okbo, Ok. ; igwagia, Agb. ; igwelowe, Agv. ; ukomegwe, Ib., Ko. ; ikaiukbo, So. ; ilebuba, Is. ; ugwele, Em. ; uworowo, Aj. KNIFE : elq, E., Agb., Agv. ; ogali, Es. ; uwQre, Uz ; avia, Sap. LANGUAGE, VOICE : urhu, E. ; urholo, Agb., Agv. ; agbaiwolo, Es. ; aizoma, Uz. ; ejaje, Ag. AGBEDE : urhuagbe/le, E. j urholigbe.de, Agb., Agv. ; emodgbe/Ie, Uz. EDO : urhuedo, E. ; urhol^do, Agb. ; urho^do, Agv. ; emo^do, Uz. ', oledo[aka], Sap. ; Qvev^leehuaka, Aj. ; (Edo = aka), Ag. HAUSA : urhuigabale, E. ; urhoipe, Agb. ; urhoikpe, Agv. ; ernoizama, Uz. ISHAN : urhuisa, E. ; urholesa, Agb. ; urhuesa, Es. ORA: urhuora, E. ; urholora, Agb. ; 168 COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY. urhoora, Agv. ; agmo, Aj. EKRI : urhusekri, E. ; urholisekili, Agb. ; urhosekili, Agv. ; ihrobo, Sap. ; ihrobo, Aj. ; cokili, Ag. SOBO : urhuobo, E. ; urhozobo, Agb, Agv. ; uhrobo, Aj. YORUBA : urhuaz^nQmo, E. ; urholeyagi, Agb. ; urhoyagi, Agv. ; emoiyagie, Uz. ; ko, Ag. LEAD : OZQ, E., Agv. ; okuli, Agb. LEAF : ebe, E., Sobo ; iraabe, Agb. ; imaibe, Agv., Es., Uz. LEARN, v. : iluqli, E. ; iwena, Agb. ; imwgnali, Agv. ; ilue, Es. ; iwna, Uz. LEAVE (A PLACE), v. : ikpahiigbede, ikbaihiedo, E. ; ixware- wainyo, Ar. ; ixwaiigbewo, Ot. ; ikparegbe.de, Agb. ; ikpakowigbgde, Agv. ; isiwubiajare, Es. ; ikpatozaitui, Uz. LEAVE BEHIND, v. : Jsiejaiodieke, E. ; izolobowieke, Agb. ; ifiolioiwiki, Agv. ; izaubowoto (on ground), Ir. ; iyoiikike (I tell him go back), Uz. ; micikobuko, Aj. LEGLET : isama (ivory), Uz. LEOPARD : atalakpa, E. ; e,kpe, Ij., Ar., Ok., Ot., Agb., Agv., Uz., Ib., So. ; ejkwe, Is. ; gkpe, Agenegbode ; ejql^kbo, Em., Sap. ; ujglami, Ew. LIE, v. : ilovie, E. ; igwg, Agb. ; inogog, Agv. ; ivahogwe, Ir. ; igue (? idegue), Uz. ; menyanofia, Aj. ; meniaoifia, Ug. ; memorofiao, Em. ; menqvle, Ty. ; ingtofia, Ag. ; metofia, Ov. ; meeamere, Sap. LIE DOWN, v. : iloviesoto, E. ; igwenoto, Agb. ; inogo, Agv. ; ivahogwe soto, Ir. LIE (TELL A LIE), v. : itogQ, E. ; imilev, Agb. ; imgl^fia, Agv. ; ivahogQli, Es. ; ifieta, Uz. LIGHT, v. : irhue, E. ; itetu, Agb., Agv. ; irhQle.ru, Es. ; iruvigru (I take lamp light) ; Uz. LIGHTNING : oxumuwiainye, E. ; aiyokuli, Agb. ; ainya, Agv. ; oiyalu, Es. ; ainifwa, Uz. ; aruore, Aj. ; ogeleniamaro, Ewu ; obibie, Sap. ; ogla, ly. ; oniamaro, Ag. LIP : axwarunu, axwaramunu, E. ; oxwarunu, Ar. ; okQrunu, Ok.; oxarunu, Ij., Sa. ; utukpunu, ukbotumunu, Agb.; ekpunu, Agv.; efunu, Es. ; ^tokpunu, Uz.; esunu, So.; COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY. 169 isiunu, Is. ; ebobunu, Em. ; ebeunu, Aj. ; ebebulu, Ew. ; ebeloboto, Sap. ; ewaunu, ly. ; ebaunu, Ag. LISTEN, v. : idaiho (give ear), E. ; ikp^zo, Agb. ; ikaihp, Agv., Es ; irhewootg (I take ear on ground), Uz. LISTEN TO HIM, v. : idaizolo, Agb. ; idaihqli, Agv. ; ikaihfjli, Es. LIVE, v. : iro, E. ; iyele, Agb. ; ihi^lQme, Agv. ; iribp, ivaseyu, Es. ; iyele (I pass life) Uz. ; iwohelo, Aj. ; merie, ly. LIVE IN . . . v. : irigbede (Agbede), E. ; iyelewigbede, Agb. ; iwelewigbede, Agv. ; iriwubiaja (Ubiaja), Es. ; Uzaituiwele (Uzaitui), Uz. ; miholeleyubi, Aj. ; m^hewu, Ew, ; merobiyedeobone, ly. LIVER : udu, E., Es. ; idu, Agb. ; udo, Agv. ; idu, Ib., Ko. ; osu, So. ; eleko, Is. ; ivu, Aj., Ew. LOCK, v. : ixwigle, E. ; ifioi, Ij. ; ixuxuno, Ar. ; misioku, Ok. ; misononia, Ot. ; ifilg, Agb. ; ifiqli, Agv. ; ifisahawo, Es. ; ifioi, Uz. ; mekailp, Aj. ; mikaielo, Em. LOOK FOR, v. : ihu^le, E. ; izomeno, Ar. ; nimioda, Ot. ; ikelo, Agb. ; ihulqli, Agv. ; ilahoqli, Es ; ikelim^mio, idadakelo, (I want that I see it) Uz. ; miheleniwQvo, Aj. LOOK, v. : ige, E. ; igwe, Agb. ; igwegQge (I look), Agv. ; igw, Uz. ; milingwe, Aj. ; minhilo, Em. ; minilo, ly. LOOK AT : igglg, E. ; ixeo, Ar. ; midiloxruQ, igwo, Agb. ; iaggle, Agv. ; igele, Es. LOSE, v. : imwgfwa (throw away), E. ; iwaloiya, Agb ; oiyulu, Agv. ; oyulumi, Es. ; iwalawo, Uz. LOVE, v. : oiQm^ (he is dear to me), E. ; oiyag^m^gbe, Ij. ; uwegam^gbe (you), Ar. ; um^mi, Agb. ; ugolime, Agv. LUNGS : udonehogogo, E. ; udonovogo, Agb. ; uduenihoi, Agv. ; eiiwe (? = breast), Aj. MAGGOT : Qxoi, E. ; Qkoi, Uz. MAKE, v. : ilue, E. ; izezelo, ilulo, Agb. ; iluqli, Agv., Es. ; ilue, izQS^ (repair), Uz. ; miluo, Aj., Ew. ; merulie, ly. MAKE PEACE, v. (separate combatants) : imWQgbina, E. ; imulaikba, Agb.; imue.liQkwe.li, Agv.; imwewoxare, Es. 170 COMPARATIVE DICTIONARY. MAKE BASKETS, v. : idSxwai, E., Es. ; id5xwa, Agb. ; idukpali, Agv. ; idokwa, Uz. MAKE POTS, v. : imaxe, E., Es., Agb. ; imaki, Agv., Uz. MAN (MALE) : okpia, arhie, E. ; qrnoi, Ij., Ar., Sa., Uz. ; osing, pi. ahume, Ok. ; omoze, Ot. ; age,ne,^/. ig^ne, Agb., Agv. ; okwia, Es. ; osalee, Em. ; ohiare, Aj. ; osyare, Ew. ; osyale, iy. (HUMAN BEING) : gma, E. ; gloha, Ij. ; Qgbglo, Ar. ; oyunq, Ok. ; qso, Ot. ; olohalo, Sa. ; oiya, pi. eya, Agb. ; aya, Agv. ; oria, Es. ; oiya, Uz. ; oxwo, Sobo ; owo, iy- MARRY (WOMAN), v. : ilomgdo, E. ; iisamime, Agb. ; irikamime, Agv. ; ibqdo, Es. ; ohialgme, Aj. (MAN) : ilqmoxwo, E. ; itiami, Agb. ; etiame, Agv. ; igawoxwo, Es. ; melihaizewe, Aj. MAT (SLEEPING) : ewa, E. ; iwia, Agb. ; ewa, Agv. : ewa, Es. ; Qgbai, Uz. ; ilue, Sap. MEASURE, v. : imale, E. ; imalo, Agb. ; imalgle, Agv. ; imalejo, Es. ; imai, Uz. MEET, v. : ivale, E. ; igalori, Agb. ; ikolede, Agv. ; iklere, Es. ; idawai, Uz. ; mera, Aj. MEND, v. : idqnaii, E. ; izezelo, Agb. ; ihgholi, Agv. ; ikesuaxali, Es. ; ikzoigbe, (I put in body), Uz. ; merorhu^lo, Aj. MIDNIGHT : ogiasgn, E. MIRROR : uvug^gbe [place of mirror], E. ; ukpawie, Agb. ; ubuge,gbe, Agv. Miss, v. : ifi^do, E. ; midono, Sa., Ot. ; ifilqdo, Agb. ; ifi^do, Agv. ; ifiolido, Es. ; ifioido, Uz. ; mesalokio, Aj. ; mesalieto, Iy. ; mesaleco, Ag. MONKEY : em, E. ; emili, Ij. ; emile, Agb. ; glamokwi, Uz. ; Qiiweli, Em., Sap., Ew. ; ewe, Agenegbode. MONTH : uki, E., Agb., Agv., Es. MOON : uki, Edo ; e.rne.lame, Sobo. MORTAR : odo, E. ; ok youths ; third division of adult males. Ologbo, cat. Qlggion, rattle (cane). Ologiso, bright side of a cloud. 01 ok a, ring. QlQkgmeho, Adam's apple. Olokun, sea ; the god Olokun ; west. Olo lame, water pipe. OluQde, day reckoner. Qlueme, my mate (one wife of another). Olugbulubu, stone in bladder (of animal). Olulikpe.de, day reckoner. Olulu, cotton. Qlumosa, creditor. Qluze.gezgge, flexible. Qma, (its) good. Qma,jpZ. ema, man, person. Qmaxe, potter. Qmada, a bad man ; ada bearer. Qniai, old man. Qmoiho, women's ebq (lit., I want a son). Qmaikoma, everyone. Qrnairp, nobody. Qmaisi, a good man. OmalemirQkpa, ignorant. Omamai, thick. Qmarhuale, unhappy. ^)mase, not enough. Qmanodeni, that man who is coming. QmanQma, a good man. Qmawu, he is not dead. Ome, fringe of palm leaf before shrine. Q nag me, madman. Qmeto, hair in plaits. EDO DICTIONARY. 2M9 "Quag to, hairy. 'Qmiamezi, iguana. Qmi^mie, sweet (like sugar). QmiQgp, rough. Omirha, fruit. Qmiwu, son. 'Qmo, king; son. Qmoberha, father's step child. QniQbo, baby (lit. arm-child); step child. Qmpgai, warm. Qmog, whose. QniQmo, iron. Qmomoi, he borrows. QniQnoxerai, child that favours the father. QniQse, fine, handsome. Q m Q s e x Q 1 a, handsome. Qmqsegbe, fine body. QmQtQfi, rusty. Omot^me, it burns me. Omu, mahogany (?). Qmu, sour. Qmwada, ada bearer. Qmubqbu, moist. Omwe, sun. Omwihi, carrier. On a, decorative marks. Qna, pi. ena, this. One, crocodile. Onwa, bee. Qnwale, adult male. On wale, light (colour). Onwa me, adultery. Onw^, honey. Qni, pi. eni, that. Qnia, bright (of fire). Oniga, prisoner Onj^sa, anus. 240 EDO DICTIONARY. Qno, heaven, future world. Qngliwo, harsh. On wot a, sunset. Onurhieyekowa, door leading to back of the house. Onurhogbole, door leading from ogbole to house. Onurhole, door from second forecourt to house. Onurhole, gate of the town. Onurhu, doorway, gate. Onurodgrie, door leading to oderie. Onuse, a white yam. Qnuta, slow. Onyeme, I am glad. Qnyqmokpa, in one place, direction. QnyoniQkpa, square. QpQkqre, palm oil chop. Qpia, machet. Qranikbili, a fool. Ore, entrance to house (from street). Qre, far. Qre, he is here. Qr^do, he is in Edo. QrSdola, is he in Edo ? Orhierhie, sweet like banana. Qrho, mud. Orhg, wet season. Qrhomi, guinea fowl; star. Qrhqn, widow. Qrhu, yam heap. Qrhuale, happy. Qrhu a we, obstacle, stone, etc., in the way. Orhuawe, ankle. Qrhue, chalk. Qrhuinotp, snake. Oriala, gall; bitter. Orialale, gall bladder. Oriasolome, lance. Qrie, (its) flat. EDO DICTIONAKY. 241 Origin a, crocus. Origve, kola dish. Qriosa, debtor. Oroxwa, stick. Orua, relative by marriage. Qsa, gorilla (?). Osama, bronze worker. Ose", enough. Osenagaxia, it is time to go. Ose,, witness. Ose, friend; mistress. Osqba, loin cloth (woman's). Osqle, beetle. Qsiele, it's black. Osielegbe, suitor for a widow. Osfkpalo, lizard. Osilpka, corn stack. Osiotu, comet (?). Osirhurhu, mould (parasitic). Osisi, gun. Qso, (its) dark. Oso, he should. Qsgle, I am sorry for. Qsu, slow. Osue, tooth pick. Osukoko, comet. Osumai, red stone said to be vomited by the rainbow ; used for Exwai. Qsunu, it has come true ; it has happened. s 14 r u w e, porcupine. Osusu, round patch of hair. Ota, evening. Qtai, tall, long. Otawa, jealous (?). Oteriuruhe, he is dead (of king). Qti, it boils ; it flies. Qtihi, sneeze. Qtihberowa, it flew over the house, n. K 242 EDO DICTIONARY. Qto, sharp like pepper. Otp, earth ; ground ; bottom of river ; under. Otoli, difficult. Otglime, dregs. QtQfi, burial shrine. Qtn, burning hot. Qtan, squirrel. under the tree, down stream. Ototpli, bottom ; dregs. Otowa, floor. Otu, fungus. Otu, company. Otu we, pi. etuwe, your brother, relative. Ovai, sick. Ovaima, it pleases us. QvQgbe, broad. Ovewaima, it will please us. Ovia, small. Ovia, Ovia. Ovia be, knife. Oviaxe, mould ; small pot. Oviakota, dog. Ovialu, pupil of the eye. Oviaxowe, calf (of leg). Ovie, small. Q vie, he sleeps. vie, slave ; ripe.. vie, he cries, weeps. Ovi^d^xere, a short time. Oviqgboxere, a short way. Ovigmila, calf (animal). Oviewu, side mark. Ovin, sunlight. Ovindelu, sun behind cloud. Ovinyare, sunrise. Oviodo, pestle. EDO DICTIONARY. 243 Oviogoiamot^, middle of foot. Oviokokugugawe, patella. Ovioma, free man; small man (not chief). Oviugwe, poor man. OviukmQn, loin cloth (man's). Ovjvie, grass snake. Ovua, full. Ovwon, plenty. Qwa, yours. Owa, house. Owa, castrated animal (goat or ox). Owa, booth. Q\va,isQ,pl. iwaise, learned men. Owa la, straight. Owalame, track, spoor of an animal. Owamegbime, I am thirsty. Owangdo, people of Edo. Owe, your own. O w (j, farmer. Qw, he says. Owe, broom. Owe, sleep. OWQ, leg. Owe_, shape. Ow^bo, temple. OvvQxi, I am a farmer. Owegbi, hard, strong. Owehe, menstruation room. Owke, mud house. Owemwami, house of palm leaves. OweriotQ, peeled rods on shrine of Ebo. Q WQWO, thine. Qwia, putrid. Qwia, bottom of a hole. Qwiaixa, it's sour. Owialame, fraenum of the tongue. Owiamwemwe, an unusual smell. 244 EDO DICTIONAKY. Owie, morning; owiena, this morning. OwiewiemQkpa, morning twilight. Owiewiliwili, morning mist. Owigo, safe (for money). Owili, old man ; elder. Owiolue, stepson (woman speaking). Owirha, brother by same father. Owirhowiye, brother by same father and mother. Owiwowo, log hut. Owiwu, left armpit. Owiye, brother by same mother. Owo, one (in counting). Owoxia, ant's nest. Owoxo, flexible. Owohe, a kind of wood. w oi i p e r e p e r e, flat- footed person . Owgrp, eleven. Owu, death. Owuxo, hegoat. Owula, is he dead ? Owuresa, mahogany (?). Qyaiyumomi, square. Oyegidigbii, very big. Qyelerp, man appointed to cook or provide food for strangers. Oyi, theft. Oyo, bamboo. Qyuo, loose. OZQ, lead. Qze, hard. Qz^do, interpreter (for Bini). Qzigo, milk teeth. Ozila, wind (in the farm). Oziohami, a fasting man. Qziwirhu, small, soft voice. z i, crab ; mantis. EDO DICTIONARY. 245 Ke, neg. particle ; aixue, drive it ; arexue, do not drive it. Khiai, bad, spoilt. Rhili, still, yet. KhiokatQ, roast corn. Sa, shoo. Sa, give, of liquids ; same me, give me water ; samenerha, give water to your father; soviamexereme, give me a little water. Sekeniye, come to my place. Sgle, on, on, on. Sluwe, more than you (past you). Sik, near; sikmi, near me ; sikoli, near him, it. Sikeygki, go further back. S iky Q mo, go further away. Sikgdo, go further away. Sokma, except. Sokwo, unless; sokwoiya, unless you go. Ta,they. T|, shut up. Ta, guess ! Ti, I. Twabqvai, twafia, walk fast. U, you; especially used before g; ugbS, you killed him; ugama, you are good; ugare, will, shall, you come? lima, you are no good ; uwoxa, you speak. Ubele, sand. Ubidgn, bush cat, hyena (?). Ubo, rubber vine. Ubozg, fish poison. Uxiuxi, round. Uxgfi, navel. Uxqrp, squirrel (large). Uxu, property. 246 EDO DICTIONARY. X Uxwire, sugar cane. II x wire, chair. Uxijmufi, famine. Uxure, carved pole representing ancestors or Ebo. UxurQXQ, uncarved uxure. Ude,, nut oil. Udi, oil palm. Udia, fly. Udini, big fly. Udonehogogo, lungs (?). Udu, liver. Ufe,ko, careless. Ufile, whistle. Uga, a rope of yams (22 or 23). Ugana, axe. Ugbadi, sword. Ugbe, syphilitic eruption round the waist. Ugbena, when. Ugbo, farm. Ugbqdoko, bone. UgbogiQlimi, the black hat of Ovia's mother ; a fabulous beast. Uge, broad road leading into a village or quarter. Ugh a v a, stone axe. Ugia, five shillings. Ugiwonaise, one hundred and twenty. Ugme,so, seldom. Ugo, bush yam. Ugoga, woman's bedroom in oderie. Ugolo, satirical verses. Ugu, vulture. Uguga, room in a house. Uguga, different. Uguga bo, elbow. Ugyama, present to king from his children. Ugye, worship of king's lather. Ugye, twenty. EDO DICTIONARY. 247 Ugyqki, next market. Uhai, well. Uhalu, forehead. Uhe, vulva. Uhglgkugbe, junction. Uhi, law. Uholu, pawpaw. U humble, top (lit. its head). Ub.ume.ze, up stream. Uhumilau, mask. Uhumoke, up hill. Uhumol^mi, skull. Uhumova, fever. Uhumu, head. Ukade, hook. Ukase, rattle (calabash). Ukata, hat. Ukbo, road. Ukbo, bed. Uke, small drum. Uke,, foundation for hair; lame. Uke, frizzly. Ukggbe, tortoise shell ornament. Uke,gbo, calabash with open mouth, fowl calabash. Ukqke, peg. Uki, moon ; month. Ukidelu, moon behind clouds. Ukih^mota, ukiota, ukiqgmp, ovi agb^de, new moon. Uki huyi, moon comes out. Uki maihi, no moon. Ukingbeluane, half moon. UkiQgmo, new (lit. raw) moon. Ukinoba, moonlight. Ukivewe, full moon. Uki, before ; ukigaxia, before you go. Uko, calabash. Ukp, messenger. 248 EDO DICTIONARY. Ukgba, king's messenger. UkShumu, pillow. Ukoki, pad (for load). Ukqkodie.ke, spine. Ukokowe, malleolus. UkQkpwQ, calabash for medicine. Ukoni, kitchen. Ukoti, pin for dressing hair. Ukpa, tip ; ukpalame, tip of the tongue. Ukpafogbole, second forecourt. Ukpaihiame, beak. Ukpe, mouth, beak. Ukpehp, lobe. UkpQWQ, left nipple. Ukpo, year. Ukpo Me, squirrel. Ukpogieva, second in age. Ukpoguzo, foreign body in the eye. Ukpoguzo, lozenge pattern (?). Ukwe.be,, ebe holder. Ukwomobie, kind of small kingfisher. Ulakpa, red earth. Ulelha, hair dressing in eighth month of pregnancy. Ule,ko, medicine worn by pregnant woman. Ul^niQ, basin. Uli, two hundred. Ulo, in a straight line (?). Ulgka, balls of corn mixed with oil. Ulpma, rope barring road during Ovia ceremonies. Uma, conference of parties to palaver. UmalaiQkpe, all the people of a country. Umalemedewu, finis ! (story falls down dead). Ume,, salt. i, salty. , illegitimate. Urnqdia, straight (road). UmQniQnQmegbehia, cube. EDO DICTIONARY. 249 Umqrni, the same person. Umqmo, hammer. Umozo, broad sword. Umu, heavy. Umwadiye, serval. Umweriotp, small stick, peeled wands. Umwqme, soup. Uriwe, for thee. Unwe, cow. Unigle, in three days Unu, month. Unwe, mosquito. Unwewokgke, idle. Unuya, gate of city. Un ye, soup. Unygge, rat (? striped). Unyumu, dry season. Urhowa, street in market. Urhu, neck; voice, language. Urhue.do, Bini language; igabale, Hausa; isa, Ishan ; obo, Sobo; ora, Ora ; sekri, Jekri. Urhuabo, wrist. U r o b o, gate. Use, week. Us (5, I am poor. Usekinqde, next market. Usie, marks on house. Usi^le, in four days. Usiigbe, mortar (for fufu). Usuine, line of workers; suite. Us use, every week. Uteya, till. U t o, arrow point. Utu, fern ; long stick ; agricultural eby. Uvalame, upper chest. Uvinyeke, depression in middle of back. Uvii, hole. II. s 250 EDO DICTIONARY. Uvun, burial shrine. UvugQgbe, place of the mirror. Uvweho, earhole. Uv wih we, nostril. Uwawa, cooking pot. Uwawe, knee. Uwele, inside it. Uwerhie, whip. Uyi, tank or pool in centre of room. Uzama, king's council. UzQbi, guilty. Uzo, Maxwell's duiker. Ve, and ; together ; ekita ve egwi, dog and tortoise ; vedialu, may we stay and do (it). Vedio, so. Wa, brown. W r a, why ? what ? where ? Waiyi, where do you live ? Wame,, what did you get ? Wamie,, what did you see ? Wariei, where are you going ? Wa, you ; your ; Wale, know (ye) ; War hie, take all ! Wab^doko, bone, skeleton. Watobuwa, yourselves. We, thou, thee, thy ; Wle, dost thou know ? We, in. We-elume, you not me. Welaime, you or I. Wqle, welcome ! Wenia, so. WQtqbowe, thyself. Wiaga, what. Wo, where. EDO DICTIONARY. 25] "VV 11 wow a, in the liouse. Wuvu, in a hole. W(>, what. Xire xire, very small. Zabo, quick. leave it! HAUKISON AND SONS, PRINTERS IN ORDINAET TO HIS MAJESTY, ST. MARTIN'S LANE. A 000006719 9