DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
DICTIONARY OF 
 EXPLOSIVES 
 
 BY 
 
 ARTHUR MARSHALL 
 
 A.C.G.I., F.I.C., F.C.S. 
 
 CHEMICAL INSPECTOR INDIAN ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
 P. BLAKISTON'S SON & CO. 
 1012 WALNUT STREET 
 1920 
 

 Printed in Great Britain 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 IT is a generation since a dictionary of explosives has been 
 published, and, in the meantime, many new explosives have 
 been introduced. It is hoped, therefore, that this small volume, 
 giving concise information about these special materials, 
 may prove useful to those who have to deal with them. 
 In Cundill and Thomson's "Dictionary of Explosives," 
 issued in 1895, there are many entries of the names of 
 inventors and of mixtures which had been proposed but have 
 never been used commercially, nor are likely to be. As 
 modern explosives were then in their infancy, it was no doubt 
 wise to insert all the available information whether it appeared 
 to be important or not ; but now it seems to me better to 
 restrict the scope of the dictionary so as to keep its 
 size within moderate limits. Practically only explosives 
 with special or proprietary names are therefore dealt with 
 here. For information concerning chemical substances, such 
 as the nit ro -toluenes and other nitro -compounds, reference 
 should be made to the text-books on explosives and 
 chemistry. 
 
 A few words may, however, be said here about the nitro - 
 celluloses. These are made by treating cellulose with a mix- 
 ture of nitric and sulphuric acids, and then purifying the 
 product by washing it thoroughly with hot water. The 
 variety of cellulose most used for this purpose is cotton, and 
 the product obtained from it is frequently called nitrocotton, 
 three special varieties of which are collodion cotton, pyro- 
 collodion and guncotton (q. r.). The only other form of 
 cellulose which is nitrated on a commercial scale is " chemical 
 cellulose " obtained by the treatment of wood or straw. 
 
 M164593 
 
vi INTRODUCTION 
 
 Nitrated wood cellulose has long been used fo r the manu- 
 facture of smokeless powders for shot-guns, and during the 
 War the Germans made powders for rifled fire-arms from it. 
 
 No trouble has been spared to make the dictionary com- 
 plete and accurate, but there must inevitably be omissions 
 and errors in it, especially as regards the explosives of foreign 
 countries. The author will be grateful for any additional 
 information that may be sent him. 
 
 Explosives may be classified in various ways, according to 
 the purpose of the classification, but the great majority of 
 them fall naturally into two main divisions : propellants and 
 high explosives. Propellants explode comparatively slowly, 
 and are used to propel projectiles from fire-arms. High 
 explosives are much more rapid in their action, and are used 
 for bursting and shattering. Propellants are of two sorts, 
 according as they are intended for use in shot-guns or rifled 
 fire-arms. Those for shot-guns burn more rapidly than those 
 for the latter, but both practically always contain a consider- 
 able proportion of nitrocellulose, gelatinised by means of such 
 solvents as acetone or ether-alcohol, according as it is of high 
 or low nitration. Some contain also nitroglycerine, and are 
 then called nitroglycerine powders, whereas those that do not 
 contain this substance are termed nitrocellulose powders. 
 Many powders also contain other ingredients, as may be seen 
 from the compositions given in this dictionary. 
 
 Of high explosives an important class is used for charging 
 shells and bombs. As a rule, but not necessarily, these are 
 not the same as the explosives used for mining operations 
 and other general blasting purposes. Another important 
 class is that of the coal-mine explosives, which are designed 
 to give only a short and comparatively cool flame so as to 
 diminish the danger of igniting fire-damp and coal-dust. 
 Nearly half the explosives in this dictionary are coal-mine 
 explosives. The reason for this large number is that no 
 finality has yet been reached as to the best and safest 
 explosives to use in coal mines. When more experience has 
 been gained it is probable that the number of these explosives 
 
INTRODUCTION vii 
 
 on the market will be reduced. In England the Permitted 
 List has recently been cut down considerably. 
 
 In Great Britain these coal-mine explosives have to be 
 submitted to the Inspectors of Explosives, and are subjected 
 to tests for safety and strength. If they pass they are placed 
 on the list of " Permitted Explosives," and the compositions 
 are published in the Explosives in Coal Mines Orders. In 
 these Orders the upper and lower limits of the percentage of 
 each constituent are given, but in this dictionary interme- 
 diate percentages are given so that the sum for any explosive 
 amounts to 100. In the Explosives in Coal Mines Orders 
 the percentage of such a substance as wood, meal or starch, 
 is given in the dried condition, but here it is given in the 
 air-dry state on the assumption that it then contains about 
 10 per cent, of moisture. 
 
 In France and Belgium also the compositions of the coal- 
 mine explosives are published, but in Germany, as a rule, 
 only a list of the constituents is given, and sometimes an upper 
 or lower limit for one or more of the principal constituents. 
 Moreover, it is not stated explicitly whether the explosives 
 are intended for use in coal mines or for general blasting 
 purposes. In the United States of America, explosives in- 
 tended for use in coal mines are examined by the Bureau of 
 Mines, which, however, has no power to prevent the use of 
 others because regulations on this matter are made by the 
 individual states. If they pass they are placed on the list 
 of . " Permissible Explosives." The compositions are not 
 published, but the class of composition is stated. 
 
 Until the second half of the nineteenth century, gunpowder 
 was practically the only explosive used on a considerable 
 scale, and it was employed for all purposes. Consequently 
 it does not fall into any of the classes mentioned, or rather 
 it could be placed in several of them. 
 
 Another class of explosives that has not yet been men- 
 tioned is that of the primary igniters, of which fulminate of 
 mercury may be taken as typical. The characteristic of these 
 is that they can be exploded or ignited by a spark or moderate 
 
viii INTRODUCTION 
 
 friction, and consequently they can be employed to fire other, 
 less sensitive explosives. There are, however, practically 
 no explosives of this class which possess special or proprietary 
 names, and consequently they are not dealt with in this 
 dictionary. 
 
 Naini Tal, India. 
 1920. 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 COAL-MINE EXPLOSIVES 
 
 American Permissible Explosives. 
 
 Aetna Coal Mine Powder. Guardian. 
 
 Bental Coal Powder. Hecla No. 2. 
 
 Bituminite. Hygrade Coal Powder. 
 
 Black Diamond. Kanite. 
 
 Cameron Mine Powder. Lomite. 
 
 Carbonite. Lowinite. 
 
 Coalite. Meteor. 
 
 Coal Special. Miners' Friend. 
 
 Collier Powder. Min-ite. 
 
 Cronite. Monobel. 
 
 Detonite. Nitro Low-Flame. 
 
 Du Pont Permissible. Red H. 
 
 Eureka. Trojan Coal Powder. 
 
 Fort Pitt Mine Powder. Tunnelite. 
 
 Fuel-ite. Vigorite. 
 
 Giant Coal Mine Powder. Xpdite. 
 
 Austrian and Hungarian. 
 
 Chloratit. Progressit. 
 
 Dynammon. Titanit. 
 
 Belgian Explosifs S.G.P. 
 
 Alsilite. Grisoutite. 
 
 Antigel de Surete. Ingelite. 
 
 Baelenite. Minerite. 
 
 Colinite antigrisouteuse. Minite. 
 
 Cornil. Minolite. 
 
 Densite. Pulverite. 
 
 Dynamite antigrisouteuse. Sabulite antigrisouteuse. 
 
 Favier Explosives. Securophore. 
 
 Flammivore. Wallonite. 
 
 Forcite antigrisouteuse. Yonckite. 
 
 Fractorite. (There were also several ex- 
 
 Grisoutine II. plosives made in Germany.) 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 British. 
 
 *Abbcite. 
 *Abelite. 
 *Ajax Powder. 
 *Albionite. 
 *Amasite. 
 
 * Ammonal. 
 Ammonite. 
 
 * Am vis. 
 *Anchorite. 
 *Aphosite. 
 *Arkite. 
 *Barking Powder. 
 
 Bellite. 
 
 Bobbinite. 
 *Britonite. 
 *Bull Dog. 
 
 Cambrite. 
 *Carbonite. 
 *Celtite. 
 *Cliffite. 
 
 Cliffite (Super-). 
 *Clydite. 
 *Cornish Powder. 
 *Coronite. 
 *Curtisite. 
 *Curtisite (Super-). 
 
 Denaby Powder. 
 *Dominite. 
 *Dragonite. 
 *Dreadnought Powder. 
 
 Du Pont Permissible. 
 *Duxite. 
 
 Dynobel. 
 *Electronite. 
 
 Essex Powder. 
 *Excellite. 
 
 Excellite (Super-). 
 
 Expedite. 
 *Faversham Powder. 
 
 Fortex (New). 
 *Fracturite. 
 *Gathurst Powder. 
 *Good Luck. 
 
 Haylite. 
 
 *Herculite. 
 *Kent Powder. 
 
 Kentite. 
 *Kolax. 
 
 *Kolax (Super-). 
 *Kynarkite. 
 *Kynite. 
 *Melling Powder. 
 *Mersey Powder. 
 *Minite. 
 
 Monarkite. 
 
 Monobel. 
 
 *Monobel Powder. 
 *Nationalite. 
 
 Negro Powder. 
 *Neonal. 
 *Nitro-Densite. 
 *Nobel Ammonia Powder. 
 *Normanite. 
 *Oaklite. 
 *Odite. 
 
 *Permon Powder. 
 *Permonite. 
 *Phoenix Powder. 
 *Pitite. 
 *Pitsea Powder. 
 
 Rex Powder. 
 *Rexite. 
 *Rippite. 
 
 Rippite (Super-). 
 
 Roburite. 
 *Russelite. 
 
 Samsonite. 
 *Saxonite. 
 
 Seamex. 
 
 *Sheppey Powder. 
 *Stanford Powder. 
 *Steelite (Colliery). 
 *St. Helen's Powder. 
 
 Stomonal. 
 *Stow-ite. 
 *Sunderite. 
 *Superite. 
 *Swale Powder. 
 
CLASSIFICATION 
 
 XI 
 
 *Swalite. 
 *Syndite. 
 Thames Powder. 
 *Tutol. 
 
 *Uplees Powder. 
 *Victor Powder. 
 
 British (continued) 
 
 *Victorite. 
 Viking Powder. 
 *Virite. 
 *Westfalite. 
 *Withnell Powder. 
 
 (Those marked * are not now on the Permitted List.) 
 
 Favier explosives. 
 
 Grisounite. 
 
 Grisoutine. 
 
 French. 
 
 N. 
 
 Naphthalite (Grisou-). 
 
 German. 
 
 Albit (Wetter-). 
 
 Astralit (Wetter-). 
 
 Bautzener Sicherheitspulver. 
 
 Bavarit. 
 
 Cahuecit (Ammon-). 
 
 Carbonite. 
 
 Chloratzit. 
 
 Chromamonit. 
 
 Cosilit. 
 
 Dahmenit. 
 
 Detonit. 
 
 Donarit. 
 
 Dorfit. 
 
 Dynamit (Wettersicheres). 
 
 Elsagit (Ammon-). 
 
 Foerder Sicherheitssprengstoff. 
 
 Foerdit. 
 
 Fulmenit (Wetter-). 
 
 Gehlingerit. 
 
 Gesilit. 
 
 Glueckauf. 
 
 Kohlenkarbonit. 
 
 Koronit (Kohlen-). 
 
 Lenit (Neu-). 
 
 Lignosit. 
 
 Monachit. 
 
 Naphthalit. 
 
 Nobelit. 
 
 Orkanit. 
 
 Pastanit, 
 
 Permonit. 
 
 Perrumpit. 
 
 Persalit (Wetter-). 
 
 Plastomenit. 
 
 Rhenanit (Wetter-). 
 
 Roburite. 
 
 Romperit (Wetter-). 
 
 Salit. 
 
 Schlesit. 
 
 Securite. 
 
 Siegenit. 
 
 Teutonit. 
 
 Tremonit. 
 
 Tunnelit, 
 
 Walsrode (Wetter-). 
 
 Westfalit. 
 
 Wetter-Dynamit. 
 
 Aerolit. 
 
 Aetna. 
 
 Albit. 
 
 BLASTING EXPLOSIVES 
 
 Alkalsit. 
 Amasite. 
 Ammonal, 
 
Xll 
 
 CLASSIFICATION 
 
 BLASTING EXPLOSIVES (continued) 
 
 Ammoniakkrut. 
 
 Anagon. 
 
 Anilit. 
 
 Astralit. 
 
 Atlas Powder. 
 
 Barbarit. 
 
 Blastine. 
 
 Blasting Gelatine. 
 
 Bomlit. 
 
 C. 
 
 Cahuecit. 
 
 Carbite d'Ablon. 
 
 Car bo -Dynamite. 
 
 Carlsonite. 
 
 Cheddite. 
 
 Chloratzite. 
 
 Cugnite. 
 
 Dahmenite. 
 
 Denaby Powder. 
 
 Densite. 
 
 Dominit. 
 
 Donarit. 
 
 Dynamite. 
 
 Electronite. 
 
 Ergite. 
 
 Erin Gelignite. 
 
 Extra Dynamite. 
 
 Forcite. 
 
 Fumenit. 
 
 Gehlingerit. 
 
 Gelatinee a PAmmoniaque. 
 
 Gelatine Dynamite. 
 
 Gelignite. 
 
 Giant Powder. 
 
 Halalite. 
 
 Hammonit. 
 
 Helagon. 
 
 Helit. 
 
 Hercules Powder. 
 
 Imperialite. 
 
 Judson Powder. 
 
 Kausolit. 
 
 Kinetit. 
 
 Kiwit. 
 
 Koronit. 
 
 L.C. Pulver. 
 
 Leonit. 
 
 Ligdyn. 
 
 Lignosit. 
 
 Lithofracteur. 
 
 Loewenpulver. 
 
 Luxit. 
 
 M.B. Powder. 
 
 Marsit. 
 
 Meganit. 
 
 Melanite. 
 
 Mercurit. 
 
 Miedziankit. 
 
 Minolite. 
 
 Mitchellite. 
 
 Monachit. 
 
 Naphthalit. 
 
 Nitrolit. 
 
 O. 
 
 Oakley Quarry Powder. 
 
 Oxyliquit. 
 
 Pastanil. 
 
 Per agon. 
 
 Perchlorit. 
 
 Perdit. 
 
 Perilit. 
 
 Persalit. 
 
 Petroklastit. 
 
 Petrolit. 
 
 Pfalzit. 
 
 Pierrite. 
 
 Plastammon. 
 
 Plessit. 
 
 Pniowit. 
 
 Polarite. 
 
 Praeposit. 
 
 Promethee. 
 
 Prosperit. 
 
 Rack-a-Rock. 
 
 Raschit. 
 
 Red Cross. 
 
 Rendrock. 
 
 Rexol. 
 
CLASSIFICATION xiii 
 
 BLASTING EXPLOSIVES (continued) 
 
 Rhenanit. Stonax. 
 
 Rhexit. Telsit. 
 
 Rivalit. Territ. 
 
 Rockite. Teutonit. 
 
 Romperit. Thornit. 
 Roslin Giant Blasting Powder. Titanite. 
 
 Sabulite. Tonite. 
 
 Saxonite. Tremonit. 
 
 Sebomite. Velox Gelatine. 
 
 Sengite. Vender. 
 
 Siegenit. Vigorite. 
 
 Silesia. Vulcan Powder. 
 
 Sprengel Explosives. Wilhelmit. 
 
 Sprengsalpeter. Yonckite. 
 Steelite. 
 
 HIGH EXPLOSIVES 
 
 (For Shells and Bombs.) 
 
 Alumatol. Himalayite. 
 
 Amatol. Hudson's Explosive. 
 
 Amatoxol. Lyddite. 
 
 Anilite. Macarite. 
 
 Astralit. Melinite. 
 
 Baratol. Nitrolit. 
 
 Cilferite. Panclastite. 
 
 Cresylite. Perdit. 
 
 Dunnite. Plastrotyl. 
 
 Echo. Schneiderite. 
 
 Ecrasite. Shellite. 
 
 Fuellpulver. Stabilite. 
 
 Fumyl. T.N.T. 
 
 Granatfuellung. Toxol. 
 
 H.E. Triplastit. 
 Hellhofite. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS EXPLOSIVES 
 
 Black Powder. Ophorite. 
 
 C.P. Pulverin. 
 
 Centralite. Pyrocollodion. 
 
 Cheesa Sticks. Pyroxyline. 
 
 Collodion Cotton. Stabilite. 
 
 Flobert Ammunition, Tetryl. 
 
 Glonoine. White Gunpowder. 
 Halakite. 
 
xiv CLASSIFICATION 
 
 PROPELLANTS 
 
 (For Shot-guns.) 
 
 Amberite. Neonite. 
 
 Cannonite. New Explosives Co.'s Smokeless 
 
 Clermonite. Powder. 
 
 CooppaPs Powder. Normal Powder. 
 
 Crystal. Plastomenit. 
 
 Du Pont Smokeless Powder. Primrose Smokeless. 
 
 E.C. Powder. Red Star. 
 
 Economic. Rifleite (Shot Gun). 
 
 Eley Smokeless Powder. Rottweil Smokeless Powder. 
 
 Empire. Ruby Powder. 
 
 Felixite. S. 
 
 Fulmen Powder. S.S. 
 
 Henrite. Schultze Powder. 
 
 Ideal Powder. Smokeless Diamond. 
 
 J. Stowmarket Smokeless. 
 
 K.S. T. 
 
 M. Troisdorf Smokeless Powder. 
 
 Mischpulver. Walsrode Shot Gun Powder. 
 
 Mullerite. 
 
 (For Rifled Fire-arms.) 
 
 Amide Powder. N.C.T. 
 
 Ammonpulver. Neonite. 
 
 Apyrite. Nitrokol. 
 
 Axite. Normal Powder. 
 
 B. P.C./88. 
 
 Ballistite. R.F.G. 
 
 Brugere's Powder. R.L.G. 
 
 Cocao Powder. Rifleite. 
 
 Cordite. Rottweil Smokeless Powder. 
 
 C.S.P. S.K. 
 
 Filite. S.R. 
 
 Hebler Powder. S.V. 
 
 Indurite. Solenite. 
 
 Lafflin and Rand. Troisdorf Smokeless Powder. 
 
 Moddite. Wetteren. 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 ABBGITE. A coal-mine explosive made by Kynoch, 
 Ltd. The original composition which passed the Woolwich 
 Test was 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Wood meal 
 
 80 
 10 
 10 
 
 To enable it to pass the Rotherham Test sodium chloride 
 was added, and a little dinitro-toluene was also introduced 
 
 ABBCITE No. 2. 
 Date of Permit 3-7-15 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Nitroglycerine . 
 Wood meal 
 Dinitro-toluene . 
 Sodium chloride 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 The permit has now been repealed. 
 
 58 
 
 8'5 
 
 9 
 
 1-5 
 23 
 
 18 oz. 
 2-54" 
 
 ABELITE. A coal-mine explosive made by the Lan- 
 cashire Explosives Co. Two formulas were approved 
 
 No. 1. No. 4. 
 
 Date of Permit . . 7-4-14 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 68*5 
 
 Dinitro-benzene 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Sodium chloride 
 Starch 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 17'5 
 
 67 
 
 14'5 
 
 7 
 
 11-5 
 
 Limit charge . . . 14 oz. 18 oz. 
 Power (swing of ballistic 
 
 pendulum) . . . 2*85" 2 '79" 
 
 The permits have now been repealed. 
 1 
 
2 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 Abelite (without distinguishing number) is simply 
 mixture of ammonium nitrate and trinitro-toluene 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 
 83 
 17 
 
 It is therefore a variety of Bellite in which the dinitro-benzene 
 has been replaced by trinitro-toluene. It is used for filling 
 grenades and general blasting purposes, but is not permitted 
 in dangerous coal mines. 
 
 AEROLIT is a Danish ammonium nitrate explosive, 
 
 e.g. 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 
 Potassium nitrate 
 
 Sulphur 
 
 Fat 
 
 Sago meal 
 
 Manganese dioxide 
 
 Resin 
 
 78-125 
 7'5 
 8'75 
 2-5 
 1-25 
 1-25 
 0-625 
 
 AETNA GOAL POWDER is an American coal-mine 
 powder on the Permissible List. Brands A, B and C are 
 nitroglycerine explosives. A A and No. 2 are ammonium 
 nitrate explosives. 
 
 AETNA POWDER. A variety of American dynamite 
 containing 15 to 65 per cent, of nitroglycerine mixed with 
 wood pulp and sodium nitrate. Roasted flour has sometimes 
 been substituted for wood pulp. 
 
 AJAX POWDER. A coal-mine explosive made by 
 Nobel's Explosives Co. 
 
 Date of Permit 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Nitrocotton . 
 Di- and trinitro -toluenes 
 Potassium perchlorate 
 Wood meal . 
 Ammonium oxalate 
 Limit charge . 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 1-9-13 
 22-3 
 
 0-7 
 
 3-5 
 37 
 11-5 
 25 
 12 oz. 
 
 2-69" 
 
 In 1914, 329,000 Ibs. were used in coal mines, but the permit 
 has now been repealed. 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 3 
 
 ALBIONITE. A mixture of gelignite and ammonium 
 oxalate. It was formerly on the Permitted List. 
 
 ALBIT. A German chlorate explosive introduced in 
 1915 in consequence of the scarcity of nitrates due to the War. 
 It is defined as consisting of not more than 80 per cent, sodium 
 or potassium chlorate, not more than 4 per cent, nitroglycerine, 
 and mono- or dinitro-hydrocarbons. It may also contain 
 inorganic salts and carbon carriers such as vegetable meal, 
 oils, soaps or carbohydrates. A variety made for use in 
 coal mines is called Wetter-Albit or Kohlen-Albit. 
 
 ALDORFIT. See DORFIT. 
 
 ALKAL8IT. A German chlorate or perchlorate explosive 
 made by the Dynamit A.G. of Hamburg. It contains not 
 more than 80 per cent, sodium or potassium chlorate, or 
 not more than 80 per cent, sodium, potassium or ammonium 
 perchlorate, and 19 per cent, of aromatic nitro-hydrocarbons 
 and nitrocotton, also coal, hydrocarbons or carbohydrates, and 
 nitrates. The chlorate mixtures must not contain ammonium 
 salts. Alkalsit I contains not more than 27 per cent, 
 of potassium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, not more than 
 24 per cent, of sodium nitrate, not more than 8 per cent, of 
 trinitro-toluene, also wood meal, flour and nitro-naphthalene. 
 Alkalsit A contains not more than 55 per cent, of potassium 
 perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, not more than 31 per cent, 
 trinitro-toluene, and not more than 5 per cent, of a neutral 
 liquid mixture of nitrated toluenes. Alkalsit B is similar 
 except that it contains also ammonium nitrate. 
 
 ALSILITE S.G.P. A Belgian coal-mine explosive on 
 the list of Explosifs S.G.P. It is of the Ammonal type 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .62 
 Trinitro-toluene . . . . .11 
 Ferro-silicon-aluminium .... 5 
 Sodium chloride 22 
 
 Charge limite 900 g. 
 
4 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 ALUMATOL. A mixture of ammonium nitrate, trini- 
 tro -toluene and a little aluminium powder, used for charging 
 trench-mortar bombs, etc. 
 
 AMASITE. A coal-mine explosive formerly on the 
 Permitted List 
 
 Ammonium perchlorate . . . .84 
 
 Sodium nitrate . . . . .81 
 
 Myrobolans . . . . . .34*7 
 
 Agar agar 0*3 
 
 It was made by the Societ Anonyrne de Vilvorde in Belgium, 
 and was originally called Ugolite. 
 
 Rock Amasite and S.T. Amasite are non-permitted ex- 
 plosives of composition somewhat similar to the above. 
 
 AMATOL. A mixture of ammonium nitrate and trini- 
 tro-toluene. The composition is shown by the figures placed 
 after the name ; thus Amatol 40/60 contains 40 per cent, 
 ammonium nitrate and 60 per cent, trinitro-toluene, and 
 Amatol 80/20 consists of 80 parts ammonium nitrate and 20 
 parts trinitro-toluene. These explosives are used very exten- 
 sively for filling shell and other projectiles. The mixtures 
 rich in trinitro-toluene can be cast after being heated to 
 temperature above the melting-point of this constituent, 
 but those rich in ammonium nitrate are stemmed into the 
 projectile hot or pressed. Similar mixtures are used by the 
 Germans and other powers under various names. In Germany 
 it is called Fullpulver (q. v.). 
 
 AM AT OX OL. A mixture of ammonium nitrate and 
 Toxol, which consists of trinitro-toluene and trinitro-xylene. 
 
 *AMBERITE. A smokeless shot-gun powder made by 
 Curtis's and Harvey at Tonbridge. Amberite No. 1 con- 
 tained nitroglycerine as well as nitrocotton and various other 
 substances. According to " Arms and Explosives," 1917, p. 78, 
 a sample of Amberite No. 2 had the composition 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 5 
 
 Insoluble nitrocotton . 18*6 
 
 Soluble . . 46-0 
 
 Nitrates of potassium and barium 28*0 
 
 Vaseline .... 6*0 
 
 Volatile matter ... 1'4 
 
 This is still on the market. It is a fibrous 42-grain bulk 
 powder. 
 
 *AMIDE POWDER or Chilworth Special Powder was 
 an early attempt at a smokeless powder. Under the name 
 of Amidpulver it was used by the German artillery for some 
 years in the 'eighties of the last century. Its composition 
 was 
 
 Ammonium nitrate .... 85-88 
 Potassium nitrate ..... 40-46 
 Charcoal 14-22 
 
 See also Ammonpulver and Hebler Powder. 
 
 AMMONAL is a blasting explosive containing ammonium 
 nitrate, aluminium powder, charcoal, and generally trinitro- 
 toluene. It was patented in 1900 by G. Roth of Vienna, and 
 the following are some of the compositions made by his firm 
 at Felixdorf in Austria 
 
 a 6 c d 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . 80-75 90 88 80 
 
 Aluminium . . .15 4 8 18 
 
 Charcoal . . . 4'25 642 
 
 More violent mixtures made by the same firm are 
 
 I II 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . . 46 32 
 
 Trinitro-toluene 80 50 
 
 Aluminium 22 16 
 
 Charcoal 22 
 
 and modifications of this have been used largely in the British 
 service. It is not suitable for use in underground workings 
 as it forms on explosion the poisonous gas carbon monoxide, 
 unless theTproportion of ammonium nitrate be large. It 
 
6 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 has been used for charging grenades, and by the Austrians 
 for trench howitzer bombs. 
 
 When the explosive is detonated, the aluminium is con- 
 verted into the oxide, evolving no gas, but a considerable 
 amount of heat, which increases the power of the explosive. 
 The aluminium powder also renders the explosive easier to 
 detonate. 
 
 Three explosives of this type passed the Woolwich Test, 
 and were on the old Permitted List for coal mines, namely, 
 Ammonal B, Ripping Ammonal and Saint Helen's Powder 
 (q.v.). 
 
 Ripping 
 Ammonal B. Ammonal. 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . 94 f 5 86 
 Aluminium ... 8 8 
 
 Charcoal . . * . 2'5 2'5 
 
 Potassium bichromate . 3*5 
 
 No explosives containing aluminium are on the present Per- 
 mitted List. 
 
 AMMONGAHUEGIT \ CAHUECIT. 
 
 See 
 AMMONCARBONIT GARBONIT. 
 
 AMMONIAKKRUT was the first ammonium nitrate 
 explosive. It was invented by J. Ohlsson and J. H. Norrbin, 
 two Swedes, and was protected by English Patent 2766 of 1869. 
 It consisted of ammonium nitrate together with 5 or 10 per 
 cent, of charcoal, coal dust, etc., to which mixture was added 
 10 to 30 per cent, of nitroglycerine to make it less difficult 
 to detonate. 
 
 AMMONITE is a coal-mine explosive of the Favier type, 
 made by the Miners' Safety Explosives Co. The original 
 composition, which passed the Woolwich Test was 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .88 
 
 Dinitro-naphthalene . . . . 12 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 7 
 
 To pass the more severe Rotherham Test a number of 
 compositions have been made and approved, but some of 
 them have been repealed. Those now on the Permitted 
 List are 
 
 Ammonite Ammonite. Ammonite 
 
 No. 1. No. 5. 
 
 Date of Permit . . 29-8-14 5-11-17 2-8-18 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 74'5 78'5 74-5 
 
 Dinitro -naphthalene 
 
 Trinitro-naphthalene 
 Trinitro-toluene . 
 Sodium chloride . 
 
 20'5 21 20-5 
 
 Limit charge 24 18 26 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic 
 
 pendulum) . . 2'42 2'44 2-41" 
 
 Ammonite No. 1 is used on a considerable scale in coal 
 mines. A non-permitted explosive called Ripping Ammonite 
 is also made. 
 
 *AMMONPULVER is a propellant which was used by 
 the Austrians from 1890 to 1896 in guns of various calibres 
 
 Ammonium nitrate .... 80-90 
 Charcoal 10-20 
 
 It was superseded by a powder of the ballistite type, but has 
 been reintroduced recently by the Germans to replace a part 
 of the charge of nitrocellulose powder in their field gun. The 
 advantages claimed for it are small erosion of the gun, absence 
 of muzzle flame, chemical stability, and cheapness. On 
 the other hand, it gives high pressures, and if used by itself 
 requires a gun with a specially large chamber ; but the most 
 serious objection to it is that on keeping, physical changes 
 take place in the pellets, leading to the production of very high 
 pressures. It is said that moisture promotes these changes. 
 See also Amide Powder. 
 
 AMVIS. A coal-mine explosive formerly on the Per- 
 mitted List 
 
8 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .90 
 
 Wood meal ...... 5 
 
 Dinitro-benzene 
 Chlorinated naphthalene 
 
 Neu ANAGON. A German blasting explosive containing 
 not more than 70 per cent, of ammonium nitrate, zinc- 
 aluminium alloy and charcoal. 
 
 ANCHORITE. A coal-mine explosive of the Favier 
 type, formerly on the Permitted List. It was made by 
 Kynoch-Arklow, Ltd. 
 
 Date of Permit 13-6-14 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 84 '8 
 
 Sodium nitrate 
 Ammonium chloride 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 83-3 
 20'2 
 12'2 
 
 14 oz. 
 2-78" 
 
 ANILIT. A German explosive containing not less than 
 70 per cent, of ammonium nitrate, not more than 5 per cent. 
 of sugar, and copper sulphate-aniline or copper oxalate- 
 aniline. 
 
 ANILITE. A French liquid explosive of the Sprengel 
 class used for aerial bombs. 
 
 ANTIGEL DE SftRET. A Belgian coal-mine 
 explosive 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . .25 
 
 Sodium nitrate . . . . .20 
 
 Dinitro-toluene . . . . .15 
 
 Ammonium sulphate .... 5 
 
 Cellulose \ QK 
 
 Wood meal j 
 
 The Charge limite is 900 grammes, which is equivalent to 
 524 grammes of dynamite No. 1. The composition is the 
 same as that of Ing<lite. It is a low-freezing nitroglycerine 
 explosive. 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 APHOSITE. A coal-mine explosive formerly on the 
 Permitted List 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . 60 
 
 Potassium nitrate . . 29*5 
 
 Charcoal ... 4 
 
 Wood meal ... 4 
 
 Sulphur ... 2-5 
 
 *APYRITE. A nitrocellulose smokeless powder formerly 
 made in Sweden by the Societe* Grakrut. 
 
 ARKITE. A coal-mine explosive made by Kynoch, 
 Ltd. The original composition which passed the Woolwich 
 Test was 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Nitrocotton . 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 Wood meal . 
 Ammonium oxalate 
 
 52-5 
 8-5 
 
 22 
 7 
 
 15 
 
 
 7-4-14 
 
 
 82 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 27 
 
 
 10 
 
 80 
 
 
 Clvf 
 
 40 oz. 
 
 
 2-41" 
 
 The proportions were modified, and the following passed the 
 Rotherham Test, and was on the Permitted List 
 
 ARKITE No. 2. 
 
 Date of Permit 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Nitrocotton . 
 Potassium nitrate 
 Wood meal . 
 Ammonium oxalate 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 It has now been repealed. 
 
 ASTRALIT. An ammonium nitrate explosive con- 
 taining a little blasting gelatine, made by the Dynamit A. G. 
 Nobel of Hamburg. It has been used largely in Germany 
 for a variety of purposes. 
 
 Astralit I and II are defined as consisting of ammonium 
 nitrate, charcoal, vegetable meal, not more than 15 per cent, 
 of aromatic nitro-bodies not more dangerous than trinitro- 
 toluene, not more than 4 per cent, of blasting gelatine ; also 
 paraffin oil. 
 
10 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 Astralit IV consists of ammonium nitrate, not more than 
 10 per cent, of aromatic nitro-bodies not more dangerous than 
 dinitro-naphthalene, vegetable meal, and not more than 
 4 per cent, of blasting gelatine. 
 
 Astralit V, which has been introduced recently, contains 
 up to 10 per cent, of potassium perchlorate in addition to 
 ammonium nitrate, also vegetable meal, not more than 16 
 per cent, of aromatic nitro-compounds, and not more than 
 
 4 per cent, of nitroglycerine. 
 
 Gelatine-Astralit is a gelatinised or powdery mixture of 
 the nitrates of ammonium and sodium (or potassium), not 
 more than 50 per cent, of dinitro-chlorhydrin, not more than 
 
 5 per cent, of nitroglycerine, not more than 2 per cent, of 
 collodion cotton, vegetable meal, aromatic nitro-bodies such 
 as nitro-toluenes or nitro-naphthalenes, but not more than 
 4 per cent, of trinitro-toluene ; also hydrocarbons. 
 
 Wetter- Astralit is a coal-mine explosive, and differs from 
 Astralit in that part of the ammonium nitrate is replaced by 
 sodium chloride. 
 
 Wetter-Gelatine- Astralit is also a coal-mine explosive, 
 and differs from Gelatine-Astralit in that it contains also 
 fatty oils and neutral salts, such as potassium chloride, sodium 
 chloride or an oxalate. 
 
 The following percentage compositions have been given 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Wood meal . 
 Charcoal 
 Paraffin oil . 
 Sodium chloride 
 
 Astralit. 
 
 Wetter- 
 
 
 Astralit. 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 84-5 
 
 74-5 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2-5 
 
 2'5 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 Nitroglycerine . 
 Dinitro-chlorhydrin 
 Nitrocotton 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Sodium nitrate 
 Dinitro-toluene 
 Nitro-toluene . 
 Wood meal 
 Potato meal 
 Rape oil . 
 Ammonium oxalate 
 Sodium chloride 
 
 Gelatine- 
 Wetter- 
 As trali t. 
 
 4 
 10 
 
 0-5 
 40 
 
 7'5 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 0-5 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 2'5 
 14 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 11 
 
 Explosives of the Astralit type have also been used exten- 
 sively by the Germans for filling trench howitzer shell and 
 similar projectiles. The following is approximately the com- 
 position used for this purpose 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Nitrocotton . 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Wood meal 
 
 3 
 
 0-5 
 77 
 16 
 
 3'5 
 
 This explosive was authorised in England under the 
 name of Australite. 
 
 ATLAS POWDER. A brand of American straight 
 dynamite. 
 
 AUSTRALITE. See ASTRALIT. 
 
 *AXITE. A smokeless powder made by Kynoch, Ltd., 
 and used for sporting rifles. It is a sort of Cordite MD, with 
 a little of the guncotton replaced by potassium nitrate, and 
 is in the form of flat strips. A sample had the composition 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Guncotton 
 Potassium nitrate 
 Mineral jelly . 
 Volatile matter 
 
 29-7 
 
 63-1 
 
 1-9 
 
 5-1 
 
 0-2 
 
 *B. Poudre B is the French service propellant. It con- 
 sists of nitrocotton gelatinised with ether-alcohol, in which 
 it is partly soluble. A little diphenylamine is added to 
 increase the stability. Formerly, various other additions 
 have been made. A letter or letters are added to show the 
 size of the powder and the purpose for which it is used 
 
 Poudre BF for rifles( from/usil). 
 
 BNF a later powder for rifles (from nouveau). 
 / BC for field guns (from campagne). 
 
 BSP for siege howitzers (from siege et place). 
 BGC for larger military guns (from gros calibre). 
 BM for naval ordnance (from marine) ; a figure is 
 added to show the size. 
 
12 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 Further letters and figures are added to show other 
 particulars about the powder; D 2 means 2 per cent, of 
 diphenylamine has been added as a stabiliser, or AM 8 , 8 per 
 cent, of amyl alcohol. The place and date of manufacture 
 are similarly indicated. 
 
 BAELENITE. A Belgian mining explosive 
 
 i. n. 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . 85 95 
 
 Trinitro-toluene . . . .15 5 
 
 Charge limite 75 
 
 It is authorised for manufacture in, or importation into the 
 United Kingdom. 
 
 *BALLISTITE. One of the first military smokeless 
 powders, invented by Nobel. It consisted of about equal 
 parts of nitroglycerine and soluble nitrocotton incorporated 
 together under water, then passed repeatedly through rolls 
 and cut into flakes. It was adopted by a number of Con- 
 tinental powers, but in consequence of the severe erosion 
 of the guns which it caused, it has been modified or aban- 
 doned. The percentage of nitroglycerine is reduced, and 
 consequently it is necessary to use a solvent such as acetone. 
 A little mineral jelly or other stabiliser is sometimes added. 
 
 BARATOL. A mixture of barium nitrate and trinitro- 
 toluene. 
 
 BARBARIT. A German chlorate explosive made at 
 the Sprengstoff-fabriken Kriewald bei Gleinitz. 
 
 Potassium chlorate .... 90-92 
 
 High-boiling petroleum .... 8-10 
 
 The petroleum has a flash point not below 105 C., and com- 
 mences to boil not below 242. 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 13 
 
 Gelatine-Barbarit has the composition 
 
 Potassium chlorate . . . .80 
 
 Trinitro-toluene . . . . .10 
 Liquid mono- and dinitro-toluenes gelatin-^ 10 
 ised with 5 per cent, collodion cotton / 
 
 BARKING POWDER. A mixture of ammonium per- 
 chlorate and nitrated naphthalene, formerly used in coal mines. 
 
 BAUTZENER SIGHERHEITSPULVER. A German 
 coal-mine explosive containing not less than 70 per cent, 
 of ammonium nitrate, barium nitrate, and not more than 
 15 per cent, of trinitro-toluene. 
 
 BAVARIT. A German coal-mine explosive similar to 
 Grisounite. It contains 90 per cent, of ammonium nitrate 
 together with nitrated naphthalene ; charcoal may be added. 
 
 BELLITE is essentially a mixture of ammonium nitrate 
 and metadinitro-benzene. It has been used extensively as 
 a coal-mine explosive, and was patented by C. Lamm of 
 Stockholm in 1885. Two varieties passed the Woolwich 
 Test and were on the old Permitted List 
 
 No. 1. No. 3. 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . 83*5 93'5 
 
 Dinitro-benzene .... 16*5 6*5 
 
 No. 1 contains just enough oxygen for complete combustion, 
 and No. 3 contains a large excess of oxygen. To enable the 
 explosive to pass the Rotherham Test sodium chloride has 
 been added. There were four varieties on the present Per- 
 mitted List, but all except the following, No. 1, have been 
 
 repealed 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 Date of Permit , . . 3-2-16 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . 63*5 
 
 Dinitro-benzene . . . 15 
 
 Sodium chloride . . . 16*5 
 Starch .... 5 
 
 Limit charge ... 20 
 Power (swing of ballistic 
 
 pendulum) . . . 2 '74 
 
14 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 BENTAL GOAL POWDER. An American coal-mine 
 explosive on the Permissible List. It is an ammonium 
 nitrate explosive. 
 
 BITUMINITE. There are several coal-mine explosives 
 of this name on the American Permissible List. Nos. 1, 3, 
 4 and 8 L.F. are nitroglycerine explosives. No. 5 is an 
 ammonium nitrate explosive. 
 
 BLACK DIAMOND. There are several coal-mine ex- 
 plosives of this name on the American Permissible List. 
 Nos. 2A, SA and 6 L.F. are nitroglycerine explosives, whereas 
 Nos. 5, 7 and 8 are ammonium nitrate explosives. 
 
 BLACK POWDER is a name for ordinary gunpowder, 
 a mixture of potassium nitrate, sulphur and charcoal. 
 
 BLASTINE is a high explosive having approximately 
 the composition 
 
 Ammonium perchlorate . . . .60 
 Sodium nitrate . . . . .23 
 Dinitro- toluene . . . . .11 
 Paraffin wax ...... 6 
 
 As the sodium nitrate in the above is not equivalent to the 
 ammonium perchlorate, part of the chlorine is given off in 
 the form of the poisonous gas, hydrogen chloride (hydro- 
 chloric acid). 
 
 BLASTING GELATINE. Nitroglycerine, stiffened by 
 having collodion cotton dissolved in it. Discovered by 
 Nobel in 1875. It contains about 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . .93 
 Collodion cotton . . . . .7 
 
 and also often a fraction of a percentage of calcium or mag- 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 15 
 
 nesium carbonate to increase its stability. This is the most 
 powerful of all the explosives in common use. 
 
 BOBBINITE. The only explosive of the gunpowder 
 class the use of which is permitted in coal mines in England. 
 In most foreign countries explosives of this class are not 
 allowed to be used in them at all. The permission is only 
 temporary, but has been extended to the end of 1920, and 
 is restricted to mines that are not gassy or dangerous from 
 coal dust. There are two definitions, but the second is the 
 one that is generally manufactured apparently 
 
 First. Second. 
 
 Potassium nitrate . . . 63'5 65 
 
 Charcoal .... 18'5 20 
 
 Sulphur .... 2 2 
 Sulphates of ammonium and 
 
 copper . . . .15 
 
 Rice or maize starch . 9 
 
 Paraffin wax .... 3 
 
 Moisture .... 1 1 
 
 More than a million pounds of this explosive are used in 
 coal mines every year. It shatters the coal less than high 
 explosives do. 
 
 BOMLIT. A German potassium perchlorate blasting 
 explosive made by Wolff et Cie. at Walsrode. It contains 
 also ammonium nitrate, trinitro-toluene and guncotton. 
 Other ingredients that may be present are potassium and 
 sodium nitrates, starch meal, vaseline, naphthalene and other 
 hydrocarbons, charcoal and castor oil. 
 
 BRITONITE. A coal-mine explosive of the Carbonite 
 type, made by the British Explosives Syndicate, Ltd., Pitsea. 
 The original composition passed the Woolwich Test and was 
 on the list of Permitted Explosives, but on the introduction 
 of the Rotherham Test it became necessary to add ammonium 
 oxalate or sodium chloride. Nos. 2 and 3 were on the 
 Permitted List, but have now been repealed. 
 
16 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 No. 2. No. 3. 
 
 Date of Permit . . 1-9-13 28-1-15 
 
 Nitroglycerine . 26 24 24'5 
 
 Sodium nitrate . 28 
 
 Potassium nitrate . 82*7 30 
 
 Wood meal 41 38 35 '5 
 
 Sodium carbonate . 0*3 
 Ammonium oxalate 8 
 
 Sodium chloride . 12 
 
 Limit charge . 24 24 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of bal- 
 listic pendulum) . 2'26 2'17" 
 
 BROWN POWDER. See COCOA POWDER. 
 BRUGtRE'S POWDER consisted of 
 
 Ammonium picrate . . . .54 
 Potassium nitrate . . . . .46 
 
 It was stated to give good results in the Chassepot rifle, but 
 picrate mixtures are liable to detonate, and are therefore 
 dangerous to use as propellants. 
 
 BULL DOG Gunpowder Pellets were used in coal mines. 
 They contained the same constituents as Bobbinite, which 
 superseded them, but in different proportions. 
 
 Explosifs C were mixtures of ammonium cresylate with 
 ammonium or sodium nitrate. They were made in France at 
 one time, but their manufacture was dropped, as they 
 were more expensive to make than Grisounite, and no 
 more powerful. 
 
 CAHUECIT. This was invented in the 'seventies of the 
 last century by R. Cahuc, and was manufactured at Dartford 
 in Kent under the name of Safety Blasting Powder or Carbo- 
 azotine. It is still made in Germany. The ingredients are 
 
 English. German, 
 
 Potassium nitrate ... 64 70 
 
 Sulphur flowers . . .12 12 
 Lampblack or soot 7 8 
 
 Bark or wood pulp . .17 10 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 17 
 
 to which are added a few per cent, of sulphate of iron. The 
 incorporation is carried out with the assistance of a con- 
 siderable quantity of water, which is afterwards evaporated 
 off. The mixing is not very thorough. The explosive is a 
 comparatively mild one, but is used sometimes for blasting 
 basalt. In the German explosive the potassium nitrate may 
 be replaced by the corresponding sodium salt. 
 
 AMMONGAHUECIT. In this explosive the potassium 
 nitrate is replaced mainly or wholly by ammonium nitrate, 
 and it contains not more than 15 per cent, of trinitro-toluene 
 or trinitro-naphthalene or other nitro-body. 
 
 The brand labelled " Fram " contains ammonium nitrate, 
 not more than 25 per cent, of trinitro-toluene gelatinised 
 with 4 per cent, collodion cotton, wood meal or other 
 vegetable meal and neutral stable salts. The brand " Indra " 
 is similar, except that it contains also not more than 10 per 
 cent, potassium nitrate, and the percentage of trinitro- 
 toluene may be raised to 20. 
 
 GAMBRITE is a coal-mine explosive of the Carbonite type 
 made by Nobels at Ardeer. It consists practically of Nobel 
 Carbonite, to which 8 per cent, of a cooling agent has been 
 added. Unlike most of the explosives on the old Permitted 
 List, it passed the Rotherham Test with practically no 
 alteration 
 
 Date of Permit . 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Barium nitrate . 
 Potassium nitrate 
 Wood meal . 
 Calcium carbonate 
 Ammonium oxalate 
 Potassium chloride 
 
 Limit charge 
 Power (swing of ballistic pen 
 dulum) . 
 
 Only No. 2 is now on the Permitted List. 
 2 
 
 Cambrito. 
 1-9-13 
 
 No. 2. 
 1-4-15 
 
 23 
 
 23 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 27-5 
 
 27-5 
 
 87-2 
 
 87 
 
 0-3 
 
 0-5 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 80 
 
 24 oz. 
 
 1-98 
 
 2-00" 
 
18 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 CAMERON MINE POWDER. There are a number 
 of coal-mine explosives of this name on the American Per- 
 missible List. Nos. IA, 2A and 2A LF are ammonium nitrate 
 explosives, whereas Nos. 8 A and 5 A are nitroglycerine 
 explosives. 
 
 *CANNONITE was a smokeless powder made by a firm 
 called the War and Sporting Smokeless Powder Syndicate, Ltd. 
 It consisted of about 86 per cent, of nitrocellulose mostly 
 insoluble in ether-alcohol, and a few per cent, of barium nitrate, 
 together with small quantities of some of the following : 
 potassium nitrate, charcoal, lampblack, vaseline, rosin, 
 stearine, dinitro-benzene, trinitro-toluene, potassium ferro- 
 cyanide, graphite. For shot-guns the powder was of the 
 forty-two grain type, dense and gelatinised. The rifle 
 powder was colloidal. These powders were made in the 
 'nineties of the last century. 
 
 GARBITE D'ABLON is a sort of Carbonite made in 
 France 
 
 Nitroglycerine 26 
 
 Potassium nitrate . . . . .33 
 Wood meal or flour . . . .41 
 
 GARBOAZOTINE. See GAHUEGIT. 
 
 CARBO-DYNAMITE was an explosive patented by 
 W. D. Borland. It differed from ordinary dynamite in that 
 the nitroglycerine was absorbed in cork charcoal instead of 
 kieselguhr. One part of the charcoal sufficed to absorb 
 nine parts of nitroglycerine. 
 
 GARBONITE (or Karbonit) was one of the earliest and 
 one of the most successful coal-mine explosives. It was 
 first made by Bichel and Schmidt at Schlebusch in Germany 
 in 1885, and after some modifications gave satisfactory 
 results at the Neunkirchen testing station in 1887. It 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 19 
 
 contains about 26 per cent, of nitroglycerine, 83 per cent, of 
 a nitrate, and 40 per cent, of wood meal or starch flour, and 
 small quantities of other substances. Nobel Carbonite 
 passed the Woolwich Test and had the composition 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 
 Barium nitrate 
 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 
 Wood meal . 
 
 " Sulphuretted benzol " 
 
 Sodium and calcium carbonates 
 
 26 
 4 
 
 29 
 
 40'5 
 0-25 
 0-25 
 
 The Carbonite made at the works of the Carbonite Syndicate 
 at Schlebusch, and imported into Great Britain, was prac- 
 tically the same as this, but they also made another explosive 
 which passed the Woolwich Test, and contained 85 per cent, 
 of nitroglycerine gelatinised with nitrocotton, and smaller 
 proportions of nitrates and wood meal than are given above : 
 this was called Extra-Carbonite. They have also made 
 explosives to numerous modifications of this formula for 
 use on the Continent. The essential feature of all of them 
 is that they contain so much of the combustible constituents, 
 such as wood meal, that most of the carbon appears in the 
 products of explosion as carbon monoxide, and the temperature 
 of the gases is consequently low. 
 
 Nobels at Ardeer also made a low freezing explosive in 
 which part of the nitroglycerine was replaced by a nitro- 
 compound. This was called Arctic Carbonite 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Nitro-hydrocarbon 
 Potassium nitrate 
 Wood meal . 
 Calcium carbonate 
 
 15-5 
 10-5 
 42 
 81-7 
 0-8 
 
 Various manufacturers have made explosives of the type 
 of Carbonite and placed them on the market under different 
 names, such as Tutol, Kolax, Kohlen-Carbonite, Minite and 
 Colinite. These, however, do not pass the Rotherham Test 
 for Permitted Explosives, unless ammonium oxalate or other 
 
20 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 cooling agent be added, as in the case of Cambrite, Super- 
 Kolax and Britonite No. 2. 
 
 On the Continent, explosives similar to Arctic Carbonite 
 have been produced under the names Antigel de Surete* 
 and Ingelite. 
 
 There are several Carbonites on the American Permissible 
 List. Of these Nos. 1 to 4 are in order of diminishing violence : 
 Nos. 5 and 6 are low freezing varieties. There are also a 
 number of other explosives of the Carbonite type on the List. 
 
 Ammonkarbonit is a German coal-mine explosive, con- 
 taining about 80 per cent, of ammonium nitrate and 4 per 
 cent, of blasting gelatine, together with 5 or 10 per cent, of 
 potassium nitrate, and a combustible such as flour, starch 
 or coal dust. Sodium or potassium chloride may be added 
 as a cooling agent. It has been used for blasting clay. 
 
 Gelatine-Karbonit is a Carbonite containing ammonium 
 nitrate, and a considerable proportion of nitroglycerine 
 gelatinised with collodion cotton. 
 
 Halokarbonit is similar to Ammonkarbonit, except that 
 a considerable proportion of the ammonium nitrate is replaced 
 by other nitrates. 
 
 CARLSONITE was the first ammonium perchlorate 
 explosive submitted to H.M. Inspectors of Explosives. It 
 was proposed in 1898 by Carlson of Stockholm, and some of 
 the mixtures were reported on favourably, but no licence 
 was ever taken out in the United Kingdom for this explosive. 
 
 G.E. (Composition Exploding) is the same as Tetryl. 
 
 GELTITE was a coal-mine explosive made by Dr. R. 
 Nahnsen & Co., Hamburg, and formerly permitted for use 
 in British coal mines, having passed the Woolwich Test. 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . 57 
 
 Nitrocotton 
 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 Wood meal . 
 Ammonium oxalate 
 
 It was also called Zeltit. 
 
 19 
 
 9 
 
 12 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 21 
 
 "GENTRALITE is not an explosive, but is a name given 
 to a substance which has been used to modify the surface 
 of smokeless powder, and make it burn progressively. The 
 substance is dimethyl-diphenyl-urea. (See Brit. Pat. 29,882 
 of 1909.) It acts also as a stabiliser. 
 
 GHEDDITE is a chlorate explosive which has been ren- 
 dered less sensitive by having the particles of chlorate coated 
 with castor oil or paraffin wax. It is manufactured by the 
 French Government at the Vonges Powder Works, and has 
 also been made in other countries. The two types that have 
 been most used in France are 
 
 02 or No. 4. 05 or No. 1. 
 Potassium chlorate . 79 
 
 Sodium chlorate 
 Castor oil 
 
 Mononitro-naphthalene 
 Dinitro-toluene 
 
 79 
 
 5 5 
 1 
 
 15 16 
 
 *CHEESA STICKS are sticks of cordite coated with 
 powdered ammonium oxalate and shellac. They are used 
 in South Africa as fuses for blasting charges. They are 
 authorised in England only for manufacture and immediate 
 export. 
 
 *CHILWORTH SMOKELESS POWDER. See G.S.P. 
 
 *CHILWORTH SPECIAL POWDER. See AMIDE 
 POWDER. 
 
 CHLORATIT is an Austrian explosive, which was per- 
 mitted for use in coal mines during the War. 
 
 CHLORATZIT. A German explosive containing potas- 
 sium chlorate or perchlorate, aromatic nitro-bodies, resins 
 and carbohydates. For use in coal mines neutral salts are 
 added as cooling agents, and the name then has WETTER 
 or KOHLEN prefixed to it. 
 
22 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 CHROMAMONIT was a coal-mine explosive formerly 
 made in Germany 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 Collodion cotton 
 Chromium ammonium alum 
 Vaseline 
 
 63-25 
 
 17'5 
 
 9'25 
 
 0-5 
 
 0'5 
 
 *CLERMONITE. A Belgian shot-gun powder made by 
 the Cooppal Co. It is a 40-grain fibrous powder of the 
 bulk type and coloured green. 
 
 CLIFFITE was a coal-mine explosive made by Curtis's 
 and Harvey, and formerly on the Permitted List 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Collodion cotton 
 Starch , 
 
 47 
 
 3 
 
 50 
 
 SUPER-CLIFFITE differs considerably from this. 
 There are two formulae which have passed the Rotherham 
 Test, but only No. 2 is still on the Permitted List 
 
 No. 1. No. 2. 
 
 Date of Permit . 21-9-16 21-9-16 
 
 Nitroglycerine . 9*5 9'5 
 
 Collodion cotton . 0'5 0'5 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 59 59*5 
 
 Wood meal . 6 6 
 
 Sodium chloride . 15 19 '5 
 
 Ammonium oxalate 10 5 
 
 Limit charge 20 80 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic 
 
 pendulum) . . 2 '58 2 f 53" 
 
 CLYDITE was a coal-mine explosive formerly made by 
 Nobels at Ardeer. It was similar to Nobel Carbonite, but 
 the potassium nitrate was replaced by the barium salt, and 
 it might contain up to 8 per cent, of ammonium oxalate. 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 23 
 
 COALITE. There is a series of coal-mine explosives 
 of this name on the American Permissible List. Varieties X, 
 3X, and 3XC are ammonium nitrate explosives; whereas 1, 
 2D, 2DL and 2MLF are nitroglycerine explosives. 
 
 GOAL SPECIAL are American coal-mine explosives 
 on the Permissible List. They are all nitroglycerine 
 explosives. 
 
 COCOA POWDER or Brown Powder was a variety 
 of gunpowder made with a brown charcoal prepared from 
 straw 
 
 Potassium nitrate . . . . .79 
 
 Sulphur 8 
 
 Straw charcoal . . . . .18 
 
 It was compressed to a density of 1*8 into prisms or grains of 
 considerable size, and was used in guns of large calibre. 
 E.X.E. and S.B.C. were special varieties of this. 
 
 COLINIT ANTIGRISOUTEUSE. A Belgian coal- 
 mine explosive of the Carbonite type. The ordinary for- 
 mula is practically the same as that of Kohlencarbonite and 
 Minerite. Type B consists of 
 
 Blasting gelatine 
 Potassium perchlorate 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Rye flour and cellulose 
 Magnesium sulphate 
 
 26 
 6 
 
 20 
 12 
 
 29 
 
 7 
 
 COLLIER POWDER. There are a number of coal- 
 mine explosives of this name on the American Permissible 
 List. Varieties BNF, KN, X, XLF, 5, 5LF, 5 Special, 9, 
 11, and 11LF are ammonium nitrate explosives whereas 
 2 and 6LF are nitroglycerine explosives. 
 
 COLLODION COTTON is a variety of nitrocotton of 
 low nitration, almost completely soluble in a mixture of ether 
 
24 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 and alcohol. It contains not more than 12-3 per cent, of 
 nitrogen. It also dissolves in nitroglycerine and liquid 
 nitro-compounds, rendering them gelatinous and so pre- 
 venting their exudation. 
 
 *COOPPAL'S POWDER. A Belgian smokeless shot- 
 gun powder. Formerly it was much the same as Schultze 
 Powder, consisting of nitrolignin carefully purified, and 
 mixed with nitrates with or without the addition of starch. 
 The following analyses were published in "Arms and 
 Explosives " for July 1917 
 
 No. 1. No. 2. 
 1892. 1900. 
 
 Fibrous Gelatinised 
 
 Nitrocellulose, insoluble 
 
 soluble 
 
 Metallic nitrates 
 Shellac . 
 
 Nitro-hydrocarbons 
 Moisture 
 
 42-grain 30-grain 
 
 bulk. dense. 
 
 13-0 71-1 
 
 60-5 20'1 
 
 21-3 2-0 
 
 3-2 
 
 5*5 
 
 2'0 1-8 
 
 CORDITE is the principal smokeless powder of the 
 British Services. It was originally adopted in 1888, and is 
 made by mixing nitroglycerine with guncotton and mineral 
 jelly (a sort of crude vaseline), and incorporating them to- 
 gether with the aid of acetone, which gelatinises the gun- 
 cotton. In consequence of the severe erosion of the guns 
 experienced during the South African War the proportions 
 were altered, some of the nitroglycerine being replaced by 
 guncotton. The propellant thus " modified " is called 
 Cordite M.D., whereas that of the original composition is 
 Cordite Mk.I. Both are still in use, especially M.D. 
 
 Mk. I. M.D. 
 
 Guncotton 37 65 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . 58 30 
 
 Mineral jelly . .... 5 5 
 
 During the great European War a further variety was 
 introduced to extend the basis of supply of solvents. This 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 25 
 
 is called Cordite R.D.B. (Research Department B), and 
 contains a nitrocotton of comparatively low nitration that 
 can be gelatinised by means of a mixture of ether and 
 alcohol 
 
 Nitrocotton . . . . . .52 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . .42 
 
 Mineral jelly . . . . .6 
 
 It is designed to give about the same ballistics as Cordite 
 M.D. A further letter is sometimes added to show the form 
 of the powder. Thus Cordite M.D.T. is M.D. pressed into 
 tubes; S. stands for strip. The size is indicated by a 
 numeral, which shows the diameter in hundredths of an inch 
 of the die through which it has been pressed. In the case 
 of tubular powder both the external and internal diameters 
 are given approximately : e. g. Cordite M.D.T. 5-2. 
 
 Poudre blanche GORNIL. A Belgian coal-mine ex- 
 plosive containing ammonium nitrate, potassium or sodium 
 nitrate, dinitro-naphthalene and lead chromate, with or 
 without the addition of ammonium chloride. 
 
 CORNISH POWDER. A coal-mine explosive which 
 passed the Woolwich Test and was formerly on the Permitted 
 List, made by the National Explosives Co., Ltd. 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Nitrocotton . 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 Wood meal . 
 Magnesium sulphate 
 
 55 
 8 
 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 17 
 
 CORONITE was a coal-mine explosive of the Carbonite 
 type, which was on the Permitted List at one time. It had 
 also been called Permittite. 
 
 Picric acid has been called by this name in Sweden. 
 
 See also KORONIT. 
 
 GOSILIT. A German coal-mine explosive of the Car- 
 bonite type made by Nahnsen. A published analysis gives 
 its composition as 
 
26 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . .30 
 
 Sodium nitrate . . . . .22*3 
 
 Vegetable meal . . . . .40-5 
 
 Sodium chloride . . . . .7*2 
 
 COTTON POWDER. See TONITE, also CP. 
 
 X and CP 2 are varieties of nitrocotton (Coton Poudre) 
 made in France, principally for the manufacture of Poudre B 
 and other smokeless powders. CPj is a guncotton containing 
 about 18 per cent, of nitrogen, and only about 10 per cent, of 
 matter soluble in ether-alcohol. CP 2 is almost completely 
 soluble in ether-alcohol, and contains about 12 per cent, of 
 nitrogen. 
 
 GRfiSYLITE. A French high explosive used for filling 
 shell and other military purposes. Cre*sylite 60/40 consists 
 of picric acid and nitrated cresol in about the proportions 
 of 40 of the former to 60 of the latter. It melts below the 
 temperature of boiling water. The nitrated cresol consists 
 largely of trinitro-metacresol. 
 
 Cre*sylite No. 2 is simply crude trinitro-meta-cresol. 
 
 CRONITE is an American coal-mine explosive. There 
 are two varieties on the Permissible List, Nos. 1 and 5, both 
 of which are ammonium nitrate explosives. 
 
 * CRYSTAL is a smokeless shot-gun powder made by 
 Curtis's and Harvey. It is a non-solvent powder for cheap 
 loading, and the charge is thirty-three grains. 
 
 C.S.P. 2 (Chilworth Smokeless Powder, No. 2) is a modi- 
 fication of Cordite, containing a little sodium bicarbonate as 
 a stabiliser. It is stated to have been adopted by the 
 Brazilian navy (see " Engineering " for August 18, 1911, p. 237) 
 and other powers. 
 
 CUGNITE. A French blasting explosive manufac- 
 tured by the Socie'te' Franchise des Explosifs 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 27 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Nitre-cotton . 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Sodium nitrate 
 Wood meal . 
 Barium sulphate 
 
 27 
 
 0-7 
 80 
 80 
 11 
 
 1-8 
 
 GURTISITE. A coal-mine explosive of the Grisounite 
 class made by Curtis's and Harvey. It was formerly on the 
 Permitted List 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 
 Mononitro-naphthalene 
 
 88 
 8 
 
 SUPER-CURTISITE was a modification of the above 
 to enable it to pass the Rotherham Test 
 
 Date of Permit . 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Ammonium chloride 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 The permit has been repealed. 
 
 7-4-14 
 
 38-5 
 29*5 
 10 
 22 
 
 16 oz. 
 2-71" 
 
 DAHMENITE is an ammonium nitrate explosive which 
 has been used to a considerable extent in Germany. One 
 variety known as Dahmenite A, made by De Gezamenlijke 
 Buskruidmakers van Noord-Holland, was formerly on the 
 British Permitted List for use in dangerous coal mines 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Naphthalene . 
 Potassium bichromate 
 
 92-5 
 5-5 
 
 Ordinary Dahmenite contains up to 15 per cent, of 
 potassium nitrate instead of bichromate, and has been used 
 for blasting clay. Some varieties contain curcuma meal 
 and other constituents. The following are some examples 
 
28 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 Gesteins- 
 Dahmenit. 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . 84*5 
 Potassium bichro- 
 
 mate 2*5 
 
 Curcuma meal . 12 
 
 Dinitro-benzene . 1 
 Trinitro-toluene . 
 Sodium chloride 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Potassium nitrate 
 Vegetable meal 
 Coke 
 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Alkali chloride 
 
 No. 76. 
 71*5 
 
 0'5 
 6*25 
 
 12 
 9'75 
 
 Gelatine 
 Dahmonifc. 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 82 
 Sodium nitrate . 5*5 
 Potassium nitrate 
 Dinitro-glycerine 
 Nitrocotton . 
 Naphthalene . 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Alkali chloride 
 
 2 
 
 27'4 
 0-6 
 0-5 
 
 27-5 
 
 Neu-Dahmenit. 
 B 
 
 68 
 
 2 
 
 2'5 
 
 2 
 10 
 
 65 
 
 2 
 
 0'5 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 17'5 
 
 DENABY POWDER. There was formerly a blasting 
 explosive of this name, consisting of a compressed mixture of 
 Securite and charcoal 
 
 Potassium and barium nitrates 
 Dinitro-benzene 
 Nitrocotton and charcoal 
 Moisture 
 
 73-2 
 
 21-5 
 
 5-1 
 
 0-2 
 
 In 1914 a coal-mine explosive was introduced under the 
 same name and passed the Rotherham Test 
 
 Date of Permit ..... 13-5-14 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .84 
 
 Potassium nitrate ..... 83*5 
 Trinitro-toluene . . . . .13 
 Ammonium chloride . . . .19*5 
 
 Limit charge . . . . . . 18 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) . . 2 t 74' / 
 
 It is made by British Westfalite, Ltd. 
 
 DENSITE. A Belgian blasting explosive containing 
 one or more of the following nitrates : ammonium, strontium, 
 sodium, potassium; also trinitro-toluene, and sometimes 
 dinitro-toluene and ammonium chloride. This explosive is 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 29 
 
 Varieties have been made 
 
 practically the same as Nitralite. 
 for use in coal mines. 
 
 See also Nitro-densite. 
 
 DETONIT V. A German coal-mine explosive contain- 
 ing ammonium nitrate, charcoal, vegetable meal, neutral 
 salts, and not more than 4 per cent, of blasting gelatine. 
 
 DETONITE SPECIAL is an American coal-mine 
 explosive on the Permissible List. It contains ammonium 
 nitrate. 
 
 DOMINITE. A coal-mine explosive made by the 
 Westphalia Anhalt Explosives Co. in Germany, and formerly 
 on the British Permitted List 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Nitrocotton . 
 Paraffin oil 
 Ammonium pxalate 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 Potassium chloride 
 Wood meal 
 
 59-3 
 
 4 
 
 O'T 
 
 8-5 
 18'5 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 DOMINIT XI. A German blasting explosive contain- 
 ing ammonium nitrate, dinitro-toluene, glycerine, and not more 
 than 4 per cent, of blasting gelatine. 
 
 DOMINIT XVIII, which has been introduced recently, 
 contains up to 10 per cent, of potassium perchlorate, and is 
 practically the same as Astralit V. 
 
 DONARIT is a German blasting explosive of the Gri- 
 soutine type made by the Carbonite Co. of Hamburg. As a 
 standard for the sensitiveness of ammonium nitrate explosives, 
 the Imperial German Railway Commission use Donarit of 
 the composition 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Rye flour 
 Nitroglycerine 
 
 80 
 12 
 
 4 
 4 
 
30 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 and this may be taken as the usual composition of the ex- 
 plosive, but the nitroglycerine is sometimes gelatinised with 
 collodion cotton. 
 
 DONARIT A contains up to 16 per cent, of aluminium 
 powder and no nitroglycerine. 
 
 DONARIT V, which has been introduced recently, con- 
 tains up to 10 per cent, of potassium perchlorate, and is 
 practically the same as Astralit V. 
 
 Wetter-Donarit contains also sodium chloride or other 
 cooling agent. 
 
 Gelatine-Donarit contains up to 20 per cent, of dinitro- 
 chlorhydrin gelatinised with collodion cotton, in addition 
 to the constituents of Donarit, and may also contain sodium 
 nitrate. 
 
 DORFIT is a German coal-mine explosive made by the 
 firm of Allendorf 
 
 I. II. Gesteins. 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 65 61 66 
 
 555 
 
 6 15 15 
 
 444 
 
 20 15 10 
 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Flour . 
 Sodium chloride 
 
 ALDORFIT is a simpler mixture intended for use where 
 there is no danger of fire-damp 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .81 
 Trinitro-toluene . . . . .17 
 Flour 2 
 
 It is authorised in Great Britain. 
 
 PERDORFIT contains not more than 52 per cent, of 
 potassium perchlorate, sodium and ammonium nitrates, not 
 more than 29 per cent, of trinitro-toluene and vegetable 
 meal or gums. 
 
 DRAGONITE. A coal-mine explosive made by Curtis's 
 and Harvey, formerly on the Permitted List 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 31 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 
 Nitrocotton . 
 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 
 Vaseline 
 
 Wood meal and charcoal 
 
 35'5 
 2'5 
 
 44'5 
 5'5 
 
 12 
 
 DREADNOUGHT POWDER. A coal-m ne explosive 
 made by Roburite and Ammonal, Ltd., for a time on the 
 Permitted List 
 
 Date of Permit . 1-9-13 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Trinitro- toluene 
 Ammonium chloride 
 Sodium chloride 
 Red oil 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 75-4 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 15-5 
 
 O'l 
 
 32 oz. 
 2-05" 
 
 There is also Quarry Dreadnought Powder, which is not a 
 permitted explosive. 
 
 DUNNITE. A high explosive used by the United 
 States for filling shell. It is stated to give dangerous com- 
 pounds with iron, so apparently is a compound of picric acid. 
 
 DU PONT PERMISSIBLE. An American coal-mine 
 explosive. The following is on the British Permitted List 
 
 Dale of Permit 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Wood pulp .... 
 Sodium chloride . . . 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 No. 1. 
 2G-4-16 
 
 9'5 
 
 67'5 
 8 
 15 
 
 18 oz. 
 2-82" 
 
 *DU PONT SMOKELESS POWDER. An American 
 shot-gun powder of the fibrous 36-grain bulk type 
 
 Soluble nitro-cellulose 
 Metallic nitrates 
 Moisture 
 
 95-8 
 2'2 
 2-0 
 
32 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 DUXITE. A coal-mine explosive made by the West- 
 phalia Anhalt Explosives Co. It passed the Rotherham 
 Test, and was for a time on the British Permitted List 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Nitrocotton . 
 Sodium nitrate 
 Wood meal . 
 Ammonium oxalate 
 
 Limit charge . 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 82 
 1 
 
 28 
 10 
 29 
 
 12 oz. 
 
 Sicherheits Gallerte-DYNAMIT.- 
 explosive 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Collodion cotton 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Sodium nitrate 
 Vegetable meal 
 Potassium chloride 
 Gelatine 
 Dextrin 
 Glycerine 
 Moisture 
 
 Limit charge . 
 
 -A German coal-mine 
 
 . 32-25 
 1-25 
 
 . 22'6 
 
 . 10-8 
 
 . 18 
 5'5 
 1-05 
 1-05 
 4'3 
 8'2 
 
 . 50 g. 
 
 Wettersicheres Gelatine-DYNAMIT. A German coal- 
 mine explosive 
 
 i. 
 
 la. 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Collodion cotton 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 Ammonium oxalate 
 Rye flour 
 
 Liquid hydrocarbons 
 Fatty acid salt 
 Wood meal 
 
 40 
 
 38 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 27 
 
 25-5 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 2'5 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 8-5 
 
 14 
 
 12-5 
 
 10 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Limit charge 
 
 50 100 g. 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 33 
 
 DYNAMITE is a name that has been given to various 
 nitroglycerine explosives. Dynamite No. 1 consists of 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . .75 
 Kieselguhr 25 
 
 the explosive being held in the pores of the kieselguhr. In 
 other dynamites the nitroglycerine is absorbed in a material 
 like wood meal, and a nitrate is added to oxidise the latter 
 on explosion. 
 
 In Gelatine Dynamite the nitroglycerine is gelatinised 
 with collodion cotton. See under Gelatine. 
 
 American Dynamites are not generally gelatinised with 
 collodion cotton. They are made in a number of grades, 
 depending on the percentage of nitroglycerine. 
 
 For further details about various dynamites, see text- 
 books on explosives. 
 
 DYNAMITE ANTIGRISOUTEUSE. Belgian coal- 
 mine explosive made at Baelen Wezel 
 
 IV. V. 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . 24 Nitroglycerine . . 44 
 
 Collodion cotton . . 1 Sodium sulphate . . 44 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . 75 Wood meal . . .12 
 
 Of the above, IV. was found only to be safe in very small 
 charges in the presence of fire-damp. No. V. has a " charge 
 limite " of 700 grammes. 
 
 DYNAMMON. The coal-mine explosive provided by 
 the Austrian State monopoly 
 
 Wetter- 
 Dynammon, Dynammon. 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . 87-88 94 
 Potassium nitrate . 2 
 
 Red charcoal . . 12-13 4 
 
 Density ... 0'9 0'85 
 
 DYNOBEL. A coal-mine explosive made by Nobels. 
 The first formula to pass the Rotherham Test contained 
 potassium perchlorate 
 
 3 
 
34 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 Date of Permit ..... 1-9-13 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . .83 
 Collodion cotton . . . . 0'7 
 
 Potassium perchlorate . . . .27 
 
 Wood meal 10'3 
 
 Ammonium oxalate . . . .29 
 
 Limit charge . . . . . . 22 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) . . 2'61 / " 
 
 Subsequently other formulae of somewhat different com- 
 position passed the test 
 
 No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. 
 Date of Permit . . 16-8-15 14-4-16 14-4-16 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . 19*5 15 15 
 
 Collodion cotton . . 0*5 0'5 0'5 
 
 Trinitro-toluenel 
 
 Dinitro-toluene j- together 2 1*5 3 
 
 Dinitro-benzene I 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 42 52 46 
 
 Wood meal ... 5'5 5'5 5'5 
 
 Sodium chloride . . 30 25 29 '5 
 
 Magnesium carbonate . 0'5 0'5 0'5 
 
 Limit charge ... 24 18 30 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic 
 
 pendulum) . . . 2'46 2'50 2'35" 
 
 Of these only Nos. 3 and 4 are still permitted. 
 
 *E.C. POWDER was one of the first smokeless shot- 
 gun powders, and is still one of the most successful. The 
 composition has been varied somewhat from time to time, 
 but it has always been a fibrous bulk powder. The following 
 analyses were given in " Arms and Explosives," 1917, p. 76 
 
 No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. 
 
 Date of Introduction . 1882 1890 1897 
 
 Class 
 
 Nitrocotton, insoluble 
 
 soluble 
 
 Metallic nitrates 
 Resin 
 Vaseline . 
 
 42-grain 42-gram 33-grain 
 
 30'0 15'9 44-0 
 
 28'2 41-0 30'4 
 
 37-8 38'3 14'0 
 
 2-1 2'0 
 
 6'0 
 
 Camphor . . . TO 4'0 
 
 Moisture 1'9 1'8 1'6 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 35 
 
 The powder is manufactured at Green Street Green, 
 near Dartford in Kent. The name is derived from " Explo- 
 sives Company." 
 
 ECHO or EKKO is a blasting explosive made at Nitedal 
 in Norway, consisting of ammonium nitrate, nitrocotton, 
 trinitro-toluene, aluminium powder, and sometimes ferro- 
 silicon. It has been used on the Continent for filling hand- 
 grenades. 
 
 *EGONOMIG SMOKELESS SPORTING POWDER 
 
 is a 42-grain bulk powder for shot-guns, made by the E.G. 
 Powder Company. 
 
 EGRASITE or EKRASIT is a high explosive used in 
 Austria for filling shell and other military purposes. It is 
 the ammonium salt of trinitro-cresol. 
 
 ELEGTRONITE. There have been several explosives 
 of this name, but none of them have been used extensively, 
 and all are dead now. There was a coal-mine explosive 
 formerly on the Permitted List 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .73 
 
 Barium nitrate . . . . .19 
 Starch and slightly- charred wood meal . 8 
 
 It was made by Curtis's and Harvey. 
 
 ELEY SMOKELESS SPORTING POWDER is a 
 
 shot-gun powder similar to E.G. 
 
 Ammon-ELSAGIT is a German coal-mine explosive. 
 It contains ammonium nitrate, vegetable meal, not more 
 than 6 per cent, of trinitro-toluene or other nitro-body, 
 not more than 4 per cent, of blasting gelatine, and may 
 also contain fatty oils, alkali chlorides or oxalate, and sodium 
 or potassium nitrate. 
 
 Gesteins-ELSAGIT has much the same composition, 
 but the percentage of trinitro-toluene may be raised to 
 12, and it contains no sodium or potassium nitrate. 
 
 *EMPIRE POWDER is a smokeless shot-gun powder 
 
36 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 introduced in 1902 by Nobel's Explosives Company. It is a 
 fibrous 33-grain bulk powder, and, according to an analysis 
 published in " Arms and Explosives," 1917, p. 77, its compo- 
 sition is 
 
 Nitrocotton, insoluble 
 
 soluble 
 
 Metallic nitrates 
 Vaseline 
 Moisture 
 
 48-0 
 
 34-0 
 
 9-0 
 
 7-0 
 
 2'0 
 
 ERGITE. A blasting explosive which was made for a 
 few years in a factory in North Wales. Other explosives were 
 also made under the names of Granergite, Shattergite, etc. 
 
 ERIN GELIGNITE. A Gelignite containing a small 
 percentage of dinitro-toluene to prevent the nitroglycerine 
 freezing. 
 
 ESSEX POWDER. A coal-mine explosive made by 
 the Explosives and Chemical Products, Ltd. It is on the 
 Permitted List 
 
 Date of Permit . . . . . 1-9-13 
 
 Nitroglycerine . 23 
 
 Nitrocotton . 1 
 
 Potassium nitrate . 34 
 
 Wheat flour . . 36 
 
 Ammonium chloride 6 
 
 Limit charge .... 38 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2'17 / ' 
 
 EUREKA No. 2 is an American coal-mine explosive on 
 the Permissible List. It contains nitroglycerine and a 
 hydrated salt. 
 
 EXGELLITE. A coal-mine explosive formerly on the 
 Permitted List 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Collodion cotton 
 Dinitro-toluene 
 Wood meal . 
 Castor oil 
 
 8 
 
 82'5 
 1 
 3 
 
 4'5 
 1 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 37 
 
 SUPER-EXGELLITE is a modification of this, con- 
 taining salts as cooling agents. Three formulae passed the 
 Rotherham Test 
 
 No. 2. No. 3. 
 
 Date of Permit . . 1-9-13 7-4-14 22-6-14 
 
 Nitroglycerine 4 5 9*5 
 
 Collodion cotton . 0*5 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . .75*5 50 59 
 
 Potassium nitrate 7 20 
 
 Starch 3'5 5 4'5 
 
 Castor oil ... 1 
 
 Ammonium chloride . 5 
 
 Sodium chloride . 15 
 
 Ammonium oxalate . .10 15 10*5 
 
 Limit charge . . .10 14 36 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic 
 
 pendulum) . . . 2'74 2'72 2'73" 
 
 It will be seen that all three are about equal as regards 
 power, but that No. 3, which contains the largest propor- 
 tion of cooling agents and more nitroglycerine, can be used 
 safely in much greater charges. In 1916 807,000 Ibs. of 
 No. 3 were used in mines and quarries, principally in coal 
 mines. It is recommended by the makers, Curtis's and 
 Harvey, for hard coal and colliery work generally. The 
 permits of the others have been repealed. 
 
 EXPEDITE is a coal-mine explosive on the Permitted 
 List made by Explosives and Chemical Products, Ltd. 
 
 Date of Permit .... 25-11-13 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .35 
 
 Potassium nitrate . . . . .33 
 
 Trinitro-toluene . . . . .12 
 
 Ammonium chloride . . . .20 
 
 Limit charge more than . . . . 32 oz. 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) . < 2-62* 
 
 See also XPDITE. 
 
 EXPLOSIFS N, O, etc. See under respective letters. 
 
38 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 EXTRA DYNAMITE is a variety of American dyna- 
 mite containing ammonium nitrate. 
 
 FAVERSHAM POWDER is a coal-mine explosive of 
 the Grisounite type made by the Cotton Powder Co. 
 The mixture, which was on the old Permitted List, had the 
 composition 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . .90 
 
 Trinitro-toluene . . . . .10 
 
 To make it pass the Rotherham Test, part of the am- 
 monium nitrate was replaced by potassium nitrate, and 
 ammonium chloride was added 
 
 No. 2. 
 Date of Permit 10-2-14 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .47*5 
 
 Potassium nitrate . . . . .24 
 
 Ammonium chloride . . . . 18 '5 
 
 Trinitro-toluene . . . . .10 
 
 Limit charge . . . . . . 24 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) . . 2 '61" 
 
 but this also has now been repealed. 
 
 FAVIER explosives consist essentially of ammonium 
 nitrate mixed with nitro-compounds. Favier took out 
 patents in 1884 and 1885 for mixtures of ammonium nitrate 
 with mononitro-naphthalene, paraffin and resin. Their 
 manufacture was undertaken soon afterwards by the French 
 Government, and is still continued under the names of 
 Explosifs N, or Explosifs Favier or Grisounites. Their com- 
 position has been varied from time to time, but the following 
 are those now authorised 
 
 For mines 
 
 Grisou- Grisou- Grisou- free from 
 
 naphtalite- naphtalite- tetrylite- fire-damp, 
 
 couche. roche. couche. etc. 
 N 1& . N 4 . N^. N l0 . 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . 95 90 91 '5 86'5 88 87'4 
 
 Potassium nitrate . 5 5 5 
 Dinitro-naphthane 8*5 8'5 12'6 
 Trinitro-naphthalene 55 
 
 Tetryl . . .____- 7 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 39 
 
 The Grisounites-couche are used in the coal seams as 
 they have theoretical temperatures of explosion of 1500 or 
 less, but Nja has been replaced to a considerable extent by 
 N 4 , because the presence of a proportion of potassium nitrate 
 is found to increase the safety; these are both coloured 
 green. The Grisountes-roche have theoretical temperatures 
 of explosion of 1900 or less, and are used in the rocks in 
 coal mines. N x b is dyed rose colour, and NjC pale yellow. 
 
 Many explosives of this type are in use in different 
 countries. On the old British Permitted List were Ammonite, 
 Westfalite, Bellite and Roburite amongst others. Those 
 now on the List contain ammonium or sodium chloride to 
 enable them to pass the Rotherham Test, e. g. the later 
 Ammonites, Bellite Nos. 2 and 4, Faversham Powder and 
 Negro Powder. 
 
 On the Belgian list of Explosifs S.G.P. is Favier II bis 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .77-6 
 Dinitro-naphthalene .... 2-4 
 Ammonium chloride . . . .20 
 
 Charge limite . . More than 293 grammes. 
 FAVORIT. See KORONIT. 
 
 *FELIXITE is a smokeless shot-gun powder introduced 
 in 1906 by the New Explosives Company. It is a fibrous 
 42 -grain bulk powder, and, according to an analysis published 
 in " Arms and Explosives," 1917, p. 76, has the composition 
 
 Nitrocellulose, insoluble . . . .40*5 
 soluble .... 20-5 
 
 Metallic nitrates 30 '0 
 
 Nitro-compound . . . . .5*0 
 Vaseline . . . . . 2'7 
 
 Moisture . . . . . .1*3 
 
 *FILITE was a smokeless powder formerly used in the 
 Italian services. It was a Ballistite consisting generally of 
 equal parts of nitroglycerine and collodion cotton, to which 
 0-5 to 1 per cent, of aniline or diphenylamine was added as a 
 
40 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 stabiliser. It was gelatinised with a solvent and drawn out 
 into cords. 
 
 FLAMMIVORE. A Belgian coal-mine explosive made 
 at Arendonck 
 
 o. 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Barium nitrate . 
 Cellulose . 
 Dinitro-toluene . 
 
 Charge limite . 
 
 I. 
 
 70 Blasting gelatine 
 
 15 Ammonium nitrate 
 
 5 Potassium nitrate 
 
 10 Rye flour . 
 
 lOOg. Charge limite 
 
 4 
 
 82 
 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 500g. 
 
 III. 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Ammonium nitrate . 
 Ammonium sulphate 
 Barium sulphate 
 Dextrin . 
 
 Charge limite . 
 
 6 
 
 70 
 9 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 650 g, 
 
 In the United Kingdom this is " authorised " but not 
 " permitted " for use in dangerous mines. 
 
 FLOBERT ammunition consists of small cartridges, like 
 detonators, charged with a small quantity of mercury ful- 
 minate, and some antimony sulphide and potassium chlorate. 
 It is used for target practice and shooting small birds. 
 
 FOERDER SIGHERHEITSSPRENGSTOFF. A 
 
 German coal-mine explosive containing ammonium nitrate, 
 not more than 4 per cent, of blasting gelatine, mono- and 
 di-nitro-aromatic compounds, vegetable meal and neutral 
 salts. 
 
 FOERDIT. A German coal-mine explosive containing 
 nitroglycerine gelatinised or ungelatinised, carbohydrates, 
 glycerine, nitro-compounds, inorganic nitrates and sodium 
 or potassium chloride. 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 41 
 
 Ammon-Foerdit is a similar mixture, except that it 
 contains a larger percentage of ammonium nitrate and no 
 other inorganic nitrates. The nitroglycerine is gelatinised, 
 and there is a little diphenylamine. The following are 
 examples of these two explosives 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Collodion cotton . 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Nitro -toluene 
 Dextrine or flour . 
 Glycerine 
 Diphenylamine 
 Potassium chloride 
 
 Ammon-Foerdit F, which has been introduced recently, 
 contains up to 10 per cent, of potassium perchlorate and is 
 similar to Astralit V. 
 
 FORGITE. A variety of gelatine dynamite or gelignite 
 made in Belgium. It contains blasting gelatine 36 to 64 per 
 cent., sodium or ammonium nitrate, wood meal, magnesia 
 and sometimes bran. 
 
 An American explosive of the same name is a dynamite 
 containing wood tar 
 
 Foerdit. 
 
 Ammon- 
 Foerdit. 
 
 25'5 
 
 8*8 
 
 1-5 
 
 0-2 
 
 87 
 
 85 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 24 
 
 4 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Collodion cotton 
 Sodium nitrate 
 Sulphur 
 Wood tar 
 Wood pulp 
 
 49 
 
 1 
 38 
 
 1-5 
 10 
 
 0-5 
 
 FORGITE ANTIGRISOUTEUSE 3. A Belgian coal- 
 mine explosive of the Carbonite type 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 
 Potassium nitrate 
 
 Barium nitrate 
 
 Rye flour 
 
 Bran 
 
 Sodium carbonate 
 
 Charge limite 
 
 26 
 33 
 
 1 
 38'5 
 
 1 
 
 0-5 
 
 . 750g. 
 
42 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 FORTEX. A coal-mine explosive made by Explosives 
 and Chemical Products, Ltd. The mixture, which was on 
 the old Permitted List, was 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .78*5 
 Tetryl 21 '5 
 
 NEW FORTEX. A modification of the- above to pass 
 the Rotherham Test 
 
 Date of Permit .... 26-11-13 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .85 
 
 Potassium nitrate . . . . .83 
 
 Tetryl 12 
 
 Ammonium chloride . . . .20 
 
 Limit charge . . . . . . 10 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) . . 2*61" 
 
 FORT PITT MINE POWDER NO. 1 is an American 
 coal-mine powder on the Permissible List. It is a nitro- 
 glycerine explosive. 
 
 FRAGTORITE. A Belgian coal-mine explosive 
 
 B. D. 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . 75 Ammonium nitrate . 75 
 
 Dinitro-naphthalene . 2*8 Sodium nitrate . . 10 
 
 Ammonium oxalate . 2 '2 Nitroglycerine . . 4 
 
 Ammonium chloride . 20 Ammonium oxalate . 7 
 
 Flour ... 4 
 
 Charge limite . . 450 g. Charge limite . . 700 g. 
 
 FRAGTURITE. A coal-mine explosive formerly on 
 the Permitted List, made by the British Explosives Syndicate, 
 Ltd. 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . .52-5 
 
 Collodion cotton . . . . .8*5 
 
 Potassium nitrate . . . . .23 
 
 Wood meal ...... 6 
 
 Ammonium oxalate . .15 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 43 
 
 FUEL-ITE. There is a series of coal-mine explosives of 
 this name on the American Permissible List. Nos. 1 and 2 
 are nitroglycerine explosives of the Carbonite type. No. 3 
 is an ammonium nitrate explosive. 
 
 FUELLPULVER (or FP.) is the name given by the 
 Germans to mixtures of trinitro-toluene and ammonium 
 nitrate used for filling shell. Fp. 60/40, for instance, is a 
 mixture of 60 parts trinitro-toluene and 40 parts of am- 
 monium nitrate, and is consequently the same as Amatol 
 40/60. Fp. without figures stands for trinitro-toluene. 
 
 *FULMEN POWDER is a 33-grain smokeless powder 
 for shot-guns made by the Schultze Gunpowder Co. 
 
 FULMENIT. A blasting explosive made by the German 
 Nobel Co., containing ammonium nitrate, vegetable meal or 
 charcoal, paraffin oil, trinitro-toluene and guncotton. 
 
 WETTER-FULMENIT is a coal-mine explosive which 
 has been much used. It differs from the above in containing 
 also sodium or potassium chloride 
 
 Fulmenit. Wetter-Fulmenit. 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Guncotton 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Charcoal . 
 Paraffin oil 
 Sodium chloride 
 
 86'5 76 76'5 
 
 4 0-5 4 
 
 5'5 11-8 5-5 
 
 1-3 1-5 1-5 
 
 2-5 0-2 2-5 
 
 10 10 
 
 FUMYL. A smoke-producing explosive containing 
 trinitro-toluene and ammonium chloride, used for opening 
 poison-gas shell, etc. 
 
 GATHURST POWDER. An explosive of the Gri- 
 sounite class. According to an analysis given in Cundill 
 and Thomson's Dictionary it consisted of 
 
 Ammonium nitrate .... 83*4 
 
 Dinitro-benzene . . . . 16 '5 
 
 Moisture 0*1 
 
44 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 GEHLINGERIT. A German blasting explosive. 
 teins-Gehlingerit III. contains 
 
 Ges- 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 
 Trinitrotoluene 
 
 Flour 
 
 80 
 
 15 
 
 5 
 
 Wetter-Gehlingerit, which is a coal-mine explosive, con- 
 tains also sodium or potassium chloride, and may contain 
 up to 4 per cent, of nitroglycerine to increase its sensitiveness. 
 
 GELATIN^ A L f AMMONIAQUE. A Belgian ex- 
 plosive, a mixture of blasting gelatine and ammonium 
 nitrate. 
 
 GELATINE DYNAMITE is a mixture of blasting 
 gelatine, potassium nitrate and a little wood meal. That 
 made in Britain must contain between 70 and 77 per cent, 
 of nitroglycerine ; it may contain up to 2 per cent, of calcium 
 or magnesium carbonate, or J per cent, of mineral jelly as a 
 stabiliser. The following may be taken as an example of 
 its composition 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Collodion cotton 
 Wood meal . 
 Potassium nitrate 
 Calcium carbonate 
 Moisture 
 
 74-5 
 5-5 
 4 
 
 15-5 
 0-2 
 0'3 
 
 In America brands are made of 35 to 80 per cent, strength. 
 
 GELIGNITE is similar to Gelatine Dynamite except 
 that it contains a smaller proportion of blasting gelatine; 
 in Britain the percentage of nitroglycerine must be between 
 56 and 63, e. g. 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Collodion cotton 
 Wood meal . 
 Potassium nitrate 
 Calcium carbonate 
 Moisture 
 
 61 
 
 4-5 
 
 7 
 27 
 
 0-2 
 
 0'3 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 45 
 
 There are also a number of modified Gelignites, which 
 either contain sodium or barium nitrate in partial or entire 
 replacement of the potassium nitrate, or else contain some 
 substance to reduce the freezing point of the nitroglycerine 
 and so diminish the danger of freezing, such as dinitro- or 
 trinitro-toluene or dinitro-glycol. 
 
 GESILIT. A German coal-mine explosive made by 
 Nahnsen. It contains blasting gelatine, inorganic nitrates, 
 sodium chloride, carbohydrates and dinitro-toluene 
 
 I. n. III. 
 
 Blasting gelatine . . 30*75 30'75 32*5 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . 22 22 
 
 Sodium nitrate . .18 
 
 Dinitro-toluene . . 5 '25 5 '25 5 '25 
 
 Dextrin .... 39 21 
 
 Pea flour ... 20 
 
 Sodium chloride . .7 21 20'25 
 
 When tested in a gallery with an explosive gas mixture 
 I. proved to be safer than the other two. 
 
 GIANT GOAL-MINE POWDERS are American coal- 
 mine explosives on the Permissible List. No. 5 is an am- 
 monium nitrate explosive, whereas Nos. 6, 7 and 8 are 
 low-grade dynamites mixed with hydrated salts. 
 
 GIANT POWDER is a name given in America to 
 dynamite. No. 1 is a kieselguhr dynamite containing about 
 75 per cent, of nitroglycerine. Many varieties, however, do 
 not contain kieselguhr, but consist of nitroglycerine mixed 
 with wood pulp, sodium or potassium nitrate, resin, sulphur 
 or other combustible matter. The nitroglycerine is some- 
 times gelatinised with collodion cotton, or in the " Extra " 
 varieties is partially replaced by ammonium nitrate. 
 
 GLONOINE was an early name for nitroglycerine. 
 
 GLUEGKAUF. A German explosive of the Grisounite 
 type consisting of ammonium nitrate and vegetable meal, 
 
46 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 to which might be added any of the following : sugar, resin, 
 fatty oil, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, dinitro-benzene, 
 ammonium oxalate, copper oxalate, copper nitrate ammonia, 
 or sodium chloride. It was used for a time by several potash 
 mines ; was given up again by most of them. 
 
 GOOD LUCK was an explosive made by the Spreng- 
 stoffwerke Glueckauf A.-G., and was on the old British 
 Permitted List for coal-mine explosives. It had the com- 
 position 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .82*5 
 
 Dinitro-benzene . . . . . 1 
 
 Turmeric ...... 10'5 
 
 Copper oxalate ..... 6 
 
 GRANATFUELLUNG (i. e. Shell-filling) is a name given 
 by the Germans to certain high explosives used for filling 
 shell. Granatfuellung C/88 is picric acid, and C/02 is trinitro- 
 toluene. See Fuellpulver. Other substances used in German 
 shell and bombs are trinitro-anisole, dinitro-benzene, hexani- 
 tro-diphenylamine and hexanitro-diphenyl sulphide, otherwise 
 picryl sulphide. 
 
 GRISOUNITE. A French coal-mine explosive. See 
 FAVIER Explosives. 
 
 GRISOUTINE or GRISOU-DYNAMINE is the only 
 explosive except Grisounite allowed in the more dangerous 
 French coal mines. It consists of ammonium nitrate mixed 
 with blasting gelatine. As the State monopoly does not 
 extend to explosives containing nitroglycerine, it is made 
 by private firms, but the compositions are regulated by the 
 " Commission des Substances Explosives," which in 1911 
 resolved that they should be uniformly as follows 
 
 Couche au Roche au 
 
 Couche. Salpetre. Roche. Salpetre. 
 
 Nitroglycerine . 12 12 29 29 
 
 Collodion cotton . . 0'5 0'5 1 1 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . 87 '5 82 '5 70 65 
 
 Potassium nitrate 5 5 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 47 
 
 The calculated temperatures of explosion of the Grisou- 
 tines couches are below 1500, and those of the Grisoutines 
 roches below 1900. The addition of 5 per cent, of potassium 
 nitrate is found to increase the safety. 
 
 There are a number of explosives of this type made in 
 other countries also, but they usually contain small propor- 
 tions of combustible substances such as wood meal, and 
 nitro-bodies such as trinitro-toluene. Of British explosives 
 of this type, mention may be made of Monobel, Super- 
 Excellite and Monarkite. German explosives of this sort 
 include Salit, Tremonit, Donarit, Ammon-Karbonit and 
 Astralit. 
 
 On the Belgian list of Explosifs S.G.P. is Grisoutine II., 
 which is identical in composition with Dynamite anti- 
 grisouteuse V. 
 
 GRISOUTITE. A Belgian coal-mine explosive 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . .44 
 Magnesium sulphate . . . .44 
 Cellulose 12 
 
 Charge limite . . . . 300 g. 
 
 GUARDIAN. American coal-mine explosives. Nos. 2, 
 2X, 3 and 3X are ammonium nitrate explosives, whereas 
 Guardian A and Guardian Coal Powder B are nitroglycerine 
 explosives. 
 
 GUNGOTTON. A highly nitrated cotton containing 
 about 13 per cent, of nitrogen and only slightly soluble in 
 ether-alcohol. 
 
 GUNPOWDER. See BLACK POWDER. 
 
 *HALAKITE attracted public attention out of all pro- 
 portion to its merits, of which it possessed none, in conse- 
 quence of the extravagant claims made on its behalf by its 
 " inventors " and their dupes. Early in 1917 the British 
 Government caused an inquiry to be held, and the case for 
 the explosive collapsed in a ludicrous manner. According 
 
48 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 to patent specification, No. 685 of 1915, the basis of the 
 explosive was an admixture of lead nitrate with glycerine 
 and other substances, and under the working conditions 
 the glycerine was said to react with the nitrate to form a nitro- 
 compound, which, of course, is not true. The substance 
 actually submitted to the British and French authorities 
 consisted of cordite mixed with lead nitrate, barium nitrate 
 and lead chromate. This was stated by the promoters to 
 be equally effective as a high explosive and a propellant ! 
 See ' 'Interim and Final Reports of the Army Council (Halakite) 
 Inquiry," Cd. 8446. 
 
 HALALIT. A German blasting explosive made by 
 Nahnsen, containing not more than 65 per cent, of potassium 
 perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, and not more than 32 per 
 cent, of nitrated toluene, of which not more than 20 per cent, 
 must be trinitro-toluene. It may also contain collodion 
 cotton to gelatinise the liquid nitro-toluene, and sodium 
 nitrate and wood meal or other vegetable meal. 
 
 Ammon-Halalit A, which has been introduced recently, 
 is similar to Astralit V. 
 
 HALOKLASTIT. See PETROKLASTIT. 
 
 HAMMONIT. A German blasting explosive contain- 
 ing not more than 40 per cent, of potassium or sodium per- 
 chlorate, not more than 4 per cent, of nitroglycerine, aromatic 
 nitro-bodies, ammonium nitrate, sodium or potassium nitrate, 
 neutral salts and vegetable meal or other combustible matter. 
 
 HASSIA-CHLORAT is an explosive that was introduced 
 in Germany during the War. It consists of 65 per cent, 
 potassium chlorate and 35 per cent, combustible, and it is 
 claimed that the large proportion of the latter not only 
 makes it a mild explosive, but also renders it comparatively 
 insensitive. It is also called Spreng-chlorat. 
 
 HAYLITE. A coal-mine explosive made by the National 
 Explosives Co. There were three varieties on the 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 49 
 
 Permitted List : No. 1 was also on the old Permitted List, 
 but has now been repealed. 
 
 No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. 
 
 Date of Permit . . 1-9-13 21-11-16 30-5-18 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . .26 15'5 9'5 
 
 Collodion cotton . .1 0-3 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . 60-5 
 
 Potassium nitrate . .20 
 Sodium nitrate . . . 59*5 
 
 Barium nitrate . . .20 
 Trinitro-toluene . . 5 
 
 Mineral jelly ... 7 
 Wood meal ... 15 7'7 5'5 
 
 Sodium chloride . 19-5 
 
 Ammonium oxalate . . 11 5 
 
 Borax .... 12 
 
 Limit charge ... 10 18 16 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic 
 
 pendulum) . . . 2-18 1'96 2'44" 
 
 H.E. stands for High Explosive, used for charging shell 
 or other military purpose. 
 
 *HEBLER POWDER was a so-called smokeless powder 
 which was manufactured at one time in Switzerland. Accord- 
 ing to an analysis published by Cundill and Thomson, it was 
 ordinary gunpowder in which about a fifth of the saltpetre 
 had been replaced by ammonium nitrate. It did not appear 
 to have a greater tendency to absorb moisture than ordinary 
 powder. It was also called Wellite. See also Ammon- 
 pulver. 
 
 HEGLA NO. 2 is an American coal-mine explosive on 
 the Permissible List. It is an ammonium nitrate explosive 
 made by the Du Pont Co. 
 
 HEGLA POWDER is a brand of American dynamite. 
 
 HELAGON is a German perchlorate explosive made by 
 the Koln-Rottweil Pulverfabriken. It contains not more 
 than 10 per cent, of potassium perchlorate, not more than 
 
50 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 5 per cent, of zinc-aluminium alloy, aromatic nitro-bodies 
 and neutral nitrates, excepting those of potassium and 
 barium. It may also contain flour or potato meal and 
 neutral substances. 
 
 HELIT is a similar explosive to Helagon, except that it 
 contains dinitro-chlorhydrin, not more than 6 per cent., in 
 the place of the zinc-aluminium alloy. 
 
 K 
 
 'j- are different names for what is prac- 
 
 HELLHOFITE 
 HELLITE 
 
 tically the same explosive of the Sprengel type. It consists 
 of a mixture of strong nitric acid and various nitro-com- 
 pounds, e.g. 
 
 Dinitro-benzene 
 Nitric acid . 
 
 1 
 1-5 
 
 Nitro-benzene 
 Nitric acid 
 
 1 
 
 2-5 
 
 A form of this explosive was tried by Gruson as a charge 
 for shell many years ago. See also Panclastite. 
 
 *HENRITE is a smokeless shot-gun powder of the fibrous 
 33-grain bulk type. A sample examined in 1902 had the 
 composition 
 
 Nitrocellulose, insoluble 
 
 soluble 
 
 Metallic nitrates 
 Nitro-compounds . 
 Paraffin 
 Moisture 
 
 71'0 
 7-1 
 7'5 
 7'6 
 5'5 
 1-8 
 
 HERCULES POWDER. The name of a brand of 
 American dynamite. 
 
 HERGULITE. This name has been given to several 
 explosives. One was a mixture of sawdust, camphor, potas- 
 sium nitrate and other substances, which was used for blasting. 
 There was a coal-mine explosive of this name on the Permitted 
 List, made by the British Explosives Syndicate, Ltd. 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 51 
 
 Date of Permit .... 22-6-14 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . .33 
 Collodion cotton ..... 1 
 Potassium perchlorate . . .27 
 
 Wood meal 10 
 
 Ammonium oxalate . . . .29 
 
 Limit charge . . . . . . 16 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) . . 2*72" 
 
 but the permit has been repealed. 
 
 HIMALAYITE. A high explosive made from potas- 
 sium chlorate, potato starch and a drying oil. The chlorate 
 and starch are first heated together with water, and when 
 dry the oil is mixed in. The explosive is said to have been 
 adopted by the Portuguese for filling shell. It passed the 
 chemical tests in England, but no licence was taken out for 
 its manufacture. 
 
 HUDSON'S EXPLOSIVE. A stiff blasting gelatine 
 made by incorporating nitroglycerine and collodion cotton 
 together with the aid of acetone. It was tried in America 
 in 1889 for filling shell, but is not used now for this purpose. 
 
 HYGRADE COAL POWDER NO. 2 is an American 
 coal-mine explosive on the Permissible List. It is a nitro- 
 glycerine explosive. 
 
 *IDEAL POWDER is a shot-gun powder made by Nobels. 
 
 IMPERIALITE is of no practical importance, but is 
 interesting, as its history is that of the explosive one meets 
 in the comic papers. The Marquis R. Imperial! had large 
 private means and some knowledge of chemistry. He took 
 out patents for a number of explosive mixtures and built a 
 small factory in N. Italy, which started work in 1911. An 
 explosion occurred the first day and killed five of the fifteen 
 workers. Imperiali escaped and re-erected his factory. 
 The day after it was restarted it blew up again and Imperiali 
 
52 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 was killed. The composition of the explosive that was being 
 made is not known, but several of the mixtures for which 
 Imperiali had taken out patents were decidedly dangerous. 
 
 *INDURITE was a smokeless powder patented by C. E. 
 Munroe in 1893. It was made by incorporating guncotton 
 with nitro-benzene to a hard mass. It was used for a time 
 in the American Navy. Samples made in 1891 were still 
 stable apparently in 1914, but some cases of instability 
 occurred and it was given up. 
 
 INGfiLITE is the same in composition as ANTIGEL 
 DE 
 
 *Poudre J. A French smokeless powder used for 
 shot-guns and revolvers. Its composition is 
 
 Nitrocotton . . . . . .83 
 
 Ammonium bichromate . . . .14 
 
 Potassium bichromate .... 8 
 
 Moisture ..... about 3 
 
 It is incorporated with the aid of ether-alcohol and 
 pressed into strips, which are cut into cubes and then con- 
 verted into grains of irregular shape. The fine siftings are 
 used for revolver and practice ammunition. 
 
 JUDSON POWDER.- A mild blasting explosive used 
 in America. It is a sort of crude gunpowder coated with 
 nitroglycerine to increase the violence of the explosion. 
 The percentage of nitroglycerine may vary from 5 to 20, 
 but is generally near the lower limit. Judson Powder 
 R.R.P. has the composition 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . 5 Nitroglycerine . . 5 
 
 Sodium nitrate . . 64 or Sulphur, coal and resin 85 
 
 Sulphur . . .16 Sodium nitrate . . 60 
 
 Cannel coal . .15 
 
 The sodium nitrate is mixed with the combustibles and 
 the mixture is heated beyond the melting-point of the sulphur 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 53 
 
 and resin. The slightly porous mass thus formed is then 
 coated with nitroglycerine. The explosive is fired with a 
 priming cartridge of dynamite. The following four grades 
 are made by the Du Pont Co. 
 
 FFF 
 FF 
 F . 
 RRP 
 
 20 % nitroglycerine 
 15 
 10 
 5 
 
 KANITE A is an American coal-mine explosive on the 
 Permissible List. It is an ammonium nitrate explosive. 
 
 KARBONIT. See GARBONITE. 
 
 KAUSOLIT. An ammonium perchlorate explosive, in- 
 troduced about 1915 by the Stockholm Superphosphaten- 
 fabriks A.-b. 
 
 KENT POWDER was a coal-mine explosive made by the 
 Cotton Powder Co. It was of the Carbonite type and 
 was on the Permitted List. It is now no longer " permitted." 
 
 Date of Permit ..... 10-2-14 
 Nitroglycerine ... .24 
 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 
 Wood meal .... 
 
 Ammonium oxalate 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 over 
 
 32-5 
 83-5 
 10 
 
 82 oz. 
 
 2-or 
 
 KENTITE is a coal-mine explosive made by British 
 
 Westfalite, Ltd. It was on the old Permitted List 
 
 and also passed the Rotherham Test, and so is still 
 " permitted " 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 Trinitro -toluene 
 Ammonium chloride 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 84 
 34 
 17 
 15 
 
 18 oz. 
 2-64" 
 
54 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 KIESELBAGHER CHLORATSPRENGSTOFF. See 
 MIEDZIANKIT. 
 
 KINETIT. A German explosive made by gelatinising 
 nitre-cellulose with nitro-benzene, and incorporating it with 
 potassium nitrate and chlorate. It is somewhat sensitive 
 to blows, etc. Early samples contained also antimony 
 sulphide which rendered them decidedly dangerous. 
 
 KIWIT. A German chlorate explosive introduced during 
 the War. It contains not more than 77 per cent, of sodium or 
 potassium chlorate, carbon carriers such as paraffin, naphtha- 
 lene, vaseline, meal or oil, also not more than 15 per cent, of 
 liquid trinitro-toluene, and may contain dinitro-toluene, 
 dinitro-naphthalene, sodium chloride and not more than 
 4 per cent, of guncotton. 
 
 KOHLENKARBONIT. See CARBONITE. 
 
 KOLAX. A coal-mine explosive of the Carbonite type 
 formerly on the Permitted List, made by Curtis's and Harvey- 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Potassium nitrate 
 Barium nitrate 
 Wood meal . 
 Starch . 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 5 
 
 34 
 10 
 
 SUPER-KOLAX was a modification of this to meet the 
 requirements of the Rotherham Test 
 
 Date of Permit 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Collodion cotton 
 Potassium nitrate 
 Barium nitrate 
 Wood meal . 
 Starch . 
 Ammonium oxalate 
 
 1-9-13 
 25'5 
 
 25-5 
 
 5 
 29-5 
 
 7'5 
 
 7 
 
 Limit charge ..... 80 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2*10 
 
 The permits of both have been repealed. 
 
 No. 2. 
 7-4-14 
 
 28-5 
 
 1 
 16'5 
 
 5 
 80-3 
 
 
 
 over 82 oz. 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 55 
 
 KORONIT, also known as FAVORIT, is a German 
 chlorate blasting explosive introduced during the War. See 
 also Coronite. 
 
 Gesteins-Koronit (or -Favorit) contains not more than 
 85 per cent, of potassium or sodium chlorate, not more than 
 15 per cent, of nitro-bodies (but no trinitro-compounds), 
 paraffin or fatty oils, naphthalene, vegetable meal, powdered 
 coal, inert substances, and not more than 4 per cent, of 
 blasting gelatine. 
 
 Kohlen-Koronit (or -Favorit) contains not more than 
 68 per cent, of potassium or sodium chlorate, aromatic 
 hydrocarbons and nitro-hydrocarbons (but not more than 
 12 per cent, of aromatic nitro-bodies and no trinitro-com- 
 pounds), sodium chloride or similar salts, paraffin or fatty 
 oils, vegetable meal or other organic substance; not more 
 than 4 per cent, of blasting gelatine and not more than 4 per 
 cent, of powdered coal. 
 
 PERKORONIT is similar to Koronit except that it con- 
 tains potassium or sodium perchlorate instead of chlorate. 
 Part of the perchlorate may be replaced by nitrate. 
 
 *K.S., K.S.G. Kynoch's Smokeless Powder. It is a 
 fibrous bulk powder for shot-guns made by Kynochs, Ltd. 
 The following analyses were given in " Arms and Explosives," 
 1917, p. 78 
 
 Date of Introduction 
 Class . 
 
 Nitrocellulose, insoluble 
 
 soluble 
 
 Metallic nitrates 
 Nitro-compound 
 Vaseline . 
 Moisture . 
 
 Kynoch's 
 
 Smokeless. K.S. K.S.G. 
 
 1901 1913 1912 
 
 42-grain 42-grain 33-grain 
 
 49-5 40-4 41-5 
 
 5'5 27-0 36-5 
 
 25-0 28'0 12'0 
 
 19'0 5-0 
 
 8*0 8-0 
 
 1-0 1'6 2*0 
 
 KYNARKITE is a coal-mine explosive of the Carbonite 
 type made by Kynoch, Ltd. It is no longer on the Permitted 
 List 
 
56 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 Date of Permit 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Potassium nitrate 
 Barium nitrate . 
 Dinitro-toluene . 
 Wood meal 
 Ammonium oxalate 
 
 Limit charge 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 KYNITE was a coal-mine explosive on the old Permitted 
 List, but has been superseded by Kynarkite 
 
 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 
 1-9-13 
 
 15-1-15 
 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 
 28 
 
 29'5 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2'5 
 
 
 39 
 
 34 
 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 
 20 
 
 28 oz. 
 
 i) 
 
 2'21 
 
 2-06" 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Barium nitrate 
 Wood meal 
 Starch . 
 Calcium carbonate 
 
 Kynite. 
 26 
 33 
 40'7 
 
 0-3 
 
 Kynite 
 Condensed. 
 
 25 
 33'5 
 6'5 
 
 0-3 
 
 *LAFFLIN AND RAND W.A. was a tubular smoke- 
 less powder tried in America for small arms. It consisted 
 of 
 
 Guncotton . . . . . .67*25 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . .30 
 
 Metallic salts . . . . .2*75 
 
 gelatinised by means of 40 parts of acetone. A gelatinised 
 dense shot-gun powder of similar composition was also made. 
 
 L.G. PULVER is a German Cheddite. 
 
 Gesteins-LEONIT is a German perchlorate explosive for 
 blasting rock 
 
 Alkali perchlorate . about 60 % 
 Ammonium nitrate . 10 
 
 Nitro -compounds . .15 
 
 Meal ... .10 
 
 Blasting gelatine . , 4 
 
 It is practically the same as Permonit A. 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 57 
 
 Neu-LEONIT is a modification of this for use in coal 
 
 mines 
 
 Potassium perchlorate 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Sodium nitrate . 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Dinitro-toluene . 
 Wood meal 
 Vegetable meal . 
 Blasting gelatine 
 Sodium chloride 
 
 I. 
 85 
 20 
 
 1) 
 
 8 
 4 
 
 4 
 24 
 
 II. 
 
 35 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 80 
 
 It is practically the same as Wetter-Persalit. 
 
 LIGDYN is a nitroglycerine explosive similar to American 
 dynamite made in South Africa. 40 per cent. Ligdyn consists 
 of 
 
 40 
 
 45 
 
 13 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Sodium nitrate 
 Wood meal 
 
 Wheat flour 2 
 
 "LIGHTNING. A 83-grain smokeless shot-gun powder 
 made by the Schultze Gunpowder Co. See Schultze 
 Powder. 
 
 LIGNOSIT is a German blasting explosive containing 
 a considerable percentage of ammonium nitrate. Lignosit I. 
 contains also aromatic nitro-compounds, of which not more 
 than 15 per cent, must be trinitro-compounds or wood meal, 
 and not more than 6 per cent, of potassium nitrate, not more 
 than 1 per cent, of collodion cotton and bauxite or salts, 
 such as sodium chloride or carbonate. 
 
 Lignosit II. may contain up to 10 per cent, of collodion 
 cotton, but no wood meal or nitro-compounds. It is some- 
 what sensitive. 
 
 Lignosit III. differs from I. in that it may contain up to 
 4 per cent, of blasting gelatine and contains no bauxite. 
 
 The object of adding the neutral salts is evidently to 
 make the explosive safer in coal mines. When intended for 
 this purpose it is called Wetter-Lignosit I. or III. 
 
58 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 Lignosit IV. consists of ammonium nitrate, not more 
 than 13 per cent, of trinitro -toluene, not more than 13 per 
 cent, of aluminium powder, and wood meal. 
 
 LITHOFRAGTEUR is a name that has been given 
 to more than one explosive. One introduced about 1873 
 by Krebs and Co. of Deutz, near Cologne, consisted of 
 nitroglycerine absorbed in kieselguhr mixed with nitrates, 
 charcoal or coal and sulphur. Some of it was imported into 
 England at one time 
 
 LOEWENPULVER or Castroper Sprengpulver is a 
 German blasting powder consisting of a compressed or 
 granulated mixture of sodium nitrate, manganese dioxide, 
 sulphur and carbonaceous substances such as briquette 
 powder or coal. It may also contain potassium nitrate, 
 wood meal or tar. 
 
 LOMITE NO. 1 is an American coal-mine explosive on 
 the Permissible List. It is a low-grade dynamite containing 
 hydrated salts. 
 
 LOWINITE NO. 2-B is an American coal-mine ex- 
 plosive on the Permissible List. It is an ammonium nitrate 
 explosive. 
 
 LUXIT I. is a German blasting explosive consisting of 
 ammonium nitrate, not more than 17 per cent, of trinitro- 
 toluene, and not more than 5 per cent, of wood meal. 
 
 LYDDITE. A high explosive used in the British Services 
 for filling shell. It consists simply of picric acid, which is 
 melted under proper precautions and poured into the shell. 
 
 *Poudre M is a shot-gun powder made by the French 
 Government, and is the one that is most used in France. Its 
 composition is 
 
 Nitrocotton 71 
 
 Barium nitrate 
 Potassium nitrate 
 Camphor 
 Binding material 
 
 20 
 5 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 59 
 
 The nitrocotton has a solubility of only 15 or 20 per 
 cent., and is partially gelatinised with ether-alcohol aided 
 by the camphor. It is granulated under edge runners, 
 granulated and drummed. 
 
 MAGARIT. A Belgian high explosive for filling shell 
 
 Trinitro-toluene . . . . .80 
 Lead nitrate 70 
 
 It has a high density and is not deliquescent. For equal 
 weights its power is less" than that of trinitro-toluene or 
 picric acid, but for equal volumes it is somewhat greater. 
 
 MARKANIT. See SILESIA. 
 
 MARSIT. A sort of Oxyliquit. Liquid oxygen is 
 passed into a linen bag containing soot. 
 
 M.B. POWDER (Modernised Black) is a black powder 
 mixture in which part of the potassium nitrate has been 
 replaced by potassium or ammonium perchlorate, generally 
 the potassium salt. It is manufactured at Bonnybridge, 
 Stirling, at the works originally erected for making Mitchel- 
 lite. During manufacture the composition is heated in steam 
 boilers. (See "Arms and Explosives," 1911, p. 7.) 
 
 M.D. See CORDITE. 
 
 MEGANIT is a Hungarian nitroglycerine explosive 
 similar to American dynamite, except that it contains a small 
 percentage of nitrated vegetable ivory. 
 
 MELANITE. A Belgian blasting explosive consisting 
 of- 
 
 Nitroglycerine 78 
 
 Collodion cotton ..... 4 
 Sodium nitrate 18 
 
 It contains, therefore, a considerable excess of oxygen. 
 
60 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 MfiLINITE is a high explosive used by the French 
 for filling shell and other military purposes. It consists 
 essentially of picric acid, to which other substances are 
 sometimes added. Paraffin wax has been added to diminish 
 the sensitiveness. Melinite D is simply picric acid, but 
 Melinite O contains also a little Cre*silite 2 (q. v.). 
 
 MELLING POWDER was a coal-mine explosive on the 
 Permitted List, made by the Cotton Powder Co. The permit 
 has been repealed. 
 
 Date of Permit 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Sodium nitrate 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Wood meal . 
 Ammonium oxalate 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 1-9-13 
 
 5 
 
 53-5 
 12 
 
 6 
 
 4'5 
 19 
 
 12 oz. 
 2-62" 
 
 MERGURIT is a blasting explosive that has been intro- 
 duced recently in Germany. It consists of 88 per cent, of 
 potassium chlorate and 12 per cent, of high boiling neutral 
 tar oil. In Mercurit II. up to 20 per cent, of the chlorate 
 may be replaced by perchlorate. 
 
 MERSEY POWDER was a coal-mine explosive on the 
 Permitted List, made by the Cotton Powder Co. The permit 
 has been repealed. 
 
 Date of Permit 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Sodium nitrate 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Wood meal . 
 Ammonium chloride 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 3-7-16 
 
 5-3 
 51 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 8'5 
 
 18 oz. 
 2*60" 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 61 
 
 METEOR AXXO is an American coal-mine explosive 
 on the Permissible List. It is a low-grade dynamite con- 
 taining a hydrated salt. 
 
 MIEDZIANKIT (also called Egelit or Kieselbacher 
 Chloratsprengstoff) is a German chlorate explosive of the 
 Sprengel class. It consists of porous potassium chlorate 
 impregnated with not more than 10 per cent, of kerosene, 
 having a flash point not below 30 C. It has met with some 
 unfavourable reports, as it is found that results are not 
 uniform unless the impregnation be carried out in special 
 factories, the original idea having been that it was to be 
 done shortly before use. 
 
 During the War a modification of the explosive was intro- 
 duced for use in coal mines. This contains up to 80 per 
 cent, of sodium chloride. 
 
 MINERITE. A coal-mine explosive made by the 
 Forcite Co. of Baelen Wezel in Belgium, identical in 
 composition with Kohlen-carbonite and Colinite antigri- 
 souteuse. 
 
 MINER'S FRIEND, NOS. 1 to 6. American coal-mine 
 explosives on the Permissible List. They are ammonium 
 nitrate explosives. 
 
 MINITE. A coal-mine explosive of the Grisounite 
 type which was on the old Permitted List 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .89 
 
 Trinitro-toluene . . . . .10 
 Ammonium oxalate .... 1 
 
 There was also an explosive of the Carbonite type of this 
 name made at Arendonck in Belgium 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . .25 
 Potassium nitrate . . . , .85 
 
 Flour 89-5 
 
 Soda 0-5 
 
 Charge limite ..... 750 g. 
 
62 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 MIN-ITE. American coal-mine explosive on the Per- 
 missible List. Brands A, A-2, B, and B-2 are nitroglycerine 
 explosives, whereas Nos. 5-D and 6-D are ammonium nitrate 
 mixtures. 
 
 MINOLITE. A Belgian blasting explosive, which is 
 also approved for transport over the German railways. It 
 contains ammonium nitrate, dinitro- or trinitro-naphtha- 
 lene with other substances added in some cases. A variety 
 for use in coal mines is called Minolite antigrisouteuse. 
 
 Minolite 
 
 antigri- Minolite 
 
 souteuse. nouvelle. 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 72 87 
 
 Sodium nitrate 
 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 
 Trinitro-naphthalene 
 
 Dinitro-naphthalene 
 
 Quebracho 
 
 23 3 
 3 
 
 2 5 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 Charge limite ... 400 g. 
 
 There was also a variety containing lead nitrate, but this 
 could not be used in mines because of the poisonous smoke 
 it evolved. 
 
 *MISGHPULVER is a name given in German to un- 
 gelatinised smokeless nitro-cellulose powders. 
 
 MITCHELLITE was an explosive that was formerly 
 licensed for manufacture in Great Britain, and was made at 
 Bonnybridge, Stirling, but the factory and the licence were 
 transferred to the M.B. Powder Co. in 1910. It was 
 apparently a chlorate or perchlorate explosive. It is said 
 to be manufactured at Monticello, Indiana, U.S.A. 
 
 *MODDITE. A sporting rifle powder made by Eley 
 Bros. Analysis of a sample showed 
 
 Nitroglycerine 38 '7 
 
 Nitrocellulose 56 '8 
 
 Mineral jelly . . , . . .4*3 
 
 Volatile matter 0'2 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 68 
 
 Of the nitrocellulose about one-third was soluble in 
 ether-alcohol. It was made in the form of strip. 
 
 MONAGHIT is a German blasting explosive which was 
 known at one time as Vigorit. It is distinguished by con- 
 taining nitro-compounds derived from naphtha, mostly 
 nitro-xylenes and nitro-mesitylenes. 
 
 Monachit I. contains ammonium nitrate, not more than 
 15 per cent, of nitro-compounds, of which not more than 
 60 per cent, must be trinitro-bodies, also vegetable meal and 
 potassium nitrate. 
 
 Monachit II. contains in addition not more than 1 per 
 cent, of collodion cotton, not more than 1 per cent, of char- 
 coal, also hydrocarbons and ammonium oxalate or other 
 salts to act as cooling agents, and render the explosive suitable 
 for use in coal mines, e. g. 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 81 
 
 Potassium nitrate 
 Nitro-compounds 
 Collodion cotton 
 Flour 
 Charcoal . 
 Potassium chloride 
 
 5 
 13 
 
 64 
 3 
 14 
 
 1 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 - 17 
 
 The collodion cotton is to gelatinise the nitro-compounds 
 when they are liquid. 
 
 MONARKITE is a coal-mine explosive made by Kynoch, 
 Ltd., and is on the Permitted List 
 
 Date of Permit 
 Eeviaed 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Sodium nitrate 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Collodion cotton 
 Starch . 
 Mineral jelly . 
 Sodium chloride 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 1 Including not more than 2 per cent, of magnesium carbonate 
 
 10-2-14 
 20-9-19 
 
 49 * 
 
 9 
 11-5 
 
 0-3 
 
 3-5 
 
 2 
 24-7 
 
 18 oz. 
 2-30" 
 
64 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 MONOBEL is a coal-mine explosive made by Nobel's 
 Explosives Co. There are three formulae which have 
 passed the Rotherham Test, but A 1 is no longer on the 
 Permitted List 
 
 Date of Permit ' . 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 
 Wood meal . 
 
 Sodium chloride . 
 
 Potassium chloride 
 
 Magnesium carbonate 
 
 Limit charge 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 There is also Quarry Monobel which is not permitted for 
 use in dangerous coal mines, and presumably contains no 
 alkali chloride. 
 
 See also Viking Powder and Victor Powder. 
 
 MONOBEL, NOS. 1 to 7 are on the American Permis- 
 sible List. Of these, Nos. 4 and 5 are low-freezing explosives, 
 containing a small percentage of nitro-toluene or similar 
 substance ; Nos. 8 and 5 are less violent than the others. 
 
 MONOBEL POWDER was the predecessor of the above 
 and was on the old Permitted List. It is now no longer 
 " permitted." 
 
 Monobel 
 
 Al 
 
 A2 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 Monobel. 
 
 Monobel. 
 
 . 10-2-14 
 
 13-5-14 
 
 15-1-15 
 
 68 
 
 60 
 
 59 
 
 8-5 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 8-5 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 . 10 
 
 28 
 
 22 oz. 
 
 2'81 
 
 2'78 
 
 2'44' 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Wood meal 
 
 80 
 10 
 10 
 
 *MULLERITE. A shot-gun powder made by the 
 Muller Co. in Belgium. It is a gelatinised dense 
 powder in the form of green leaflets, and the charge for a 
 12-bore cartridge was 83 grains. It contains no inorganic 
 salts. 
 
 EXPLOSIFS N. See Favier Explosives, 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 65 
 
 NAPHTHALIT. A German chlorate explosive intro- 
 duced during the War. It contains not more than 80 per 
 cent, of potassium chlorate, and aromatic hydrocarbons, 
 such as naphthalene, and not more than 12 per cent, of nitro- 
 hydrocarbons, but no trinitro-compounds ; also paraffins, 
 fatty oils, flour or other organic substance. It may contain 
 also alkali chlorides, and not more than 4 per cent, of 
 blasting gelatine. 
 
 The prefixes Gesteins- and Wetter- are applied according 
 as the explosive is intended for rock or coal mines. 
 
 Grisou-NAPHTALITE. See FAVIER Explosives. 
 
 NATIONALITE. A coal-mine explosive of the Gris- 
 ounite class made by the National Explosives Co., Ltd. The 
 composition, which was on the old Permitted List, was 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .92 
 
 Di- and Trinitro -toluene . 8 
 
 But to pass the Rotherham Test it was necessary to add 
 alkali chlorides. There were two formulae formerly on the 
 Permitted List 
 
 No. 1. No. 2. 
 
 Date of Permit .... 22-6-14 28-1-15 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .65*5 64 
 Trinitro-toluene . . . .15 15 
 
 Sodium chloride . . . .19*5 
 Potassium chloride . . . . 21 
 
 Limit charge 12 20 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) . 2'92 2*63" 
 The permits have been repealed. 
 
 *N.C.T. is the name given in the British service to the 
 Nitro-Cellulose Tubular smokeless powder, made in the same 
 way as the American service powder. It consists of nitro- 
 cellulose completely soluble in ether-alcohol, but of com- 
 paratively high nitration. It is gelatinised with ether- 
 5 
 
66 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 alcohol and pressed into cords with either one or seven 
 perforations running down them length- ways. These are 
 cut into short cylinders and dried. The powder contains a 
 little diphenylamine as a stabiliser. 
 
 N.E. See New Explosives Company's Smokeless Powder. 
 
 NEGRO POWDER. A coal-mine explosive of the 
 Grisounite class made by Roburite and Ammonal, Ltd. 
 The composition, which was on the old Permitted List, was 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .88 
 
 Trinitrotoluene . . . . .10 
 
 Graphite 2 
 
 and a small quantity of colouring matter. 
 
 To enable it to pass the Rotherham Test, sodium chloride 
 has been added, and Negro Powder No. 2 is now on the 
 Permitted List 
 
 Date of Permit , 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Trinitro -toluene 
 Graphite 
 Sodium chloride 
 Colouring matter 
 
 25-11-13 
 . 57 
 . 15 
 . 0-7 
 * 27/3 
 small quantity 
 
 Limit charge . . . . . . 20 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) . . 2'21" 
 
 NEONAL. A coal-mine explosive made by the New 
 Explosives Company. Two formulae were at one time on the 
 Permitted List 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 Date of Permit . 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Collodion cotton 
 Di- and Trinitro-toluene 
 Wood meal 
 Potassium perchlorate 
 Ammonium oxalate . 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 Both have now been repealed. 
 
 I-tf-10 
 
 21 
 
 22-O-14 
 
 40 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 0'2 
 
 
 
 15'8 
 
 5 
 
 37 
 
 14 
 
 25 
 
 39 
 
 16 
 
 30 oz. 
 
 2'56 
 
 2-51" 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 67 
 
 *NEONITE. A 30-grain bulk gelatinised smokeless 
 shot-gun powder introduced by the New Explosives Co. 
 in 1907. According to an analysis given in " Arms and 
 Explosives," 1917, p. 76, its composition is 
 
 Nitrocellulose, insoluble 73 '0 
 
 soluble . 9'0 
 
 Metallic nitrates . . 10*5 
 
 Vaseline ... 5*9 
 
 Moisture ... 1*6 
 
 Neonites are also made for various types of rifled small 
 arms, including military rifles, cadet rifles, revolvers and 
 rim -fire rifles. These are all nitrocellulose powders with or 
 without moderants. 
 
 *NEW EXPLOSIVES COMPANY'S SMOKELESS 
 POWDER or N.E. A 36-grain fibrous bulk powder for 
 shot-guns introduced in 1912. According to an analysis 
 given in " Arms and Explosives," 1917, p. 76, its composition 
 is 
 
 Nitrocellulose, insoluble . . 50 '0 
 
 soluble . . 25 '8 
 
 Metallic nitrates . . 12'0 
 
 Nitro-hydrocarbons . . 7*0 
 
 Vaseline . . . . 3'5 
 
 Moisture . . . 1'7 
 
 NEW FORTEX. See FORTEX. 
 NITRALITE. See DENSITE. 
 
 NITRO-DENSITE. A coal-mine explosive made by 
 Kynoch, Ltd. It was of the Carbonite type, and was at 
 one time on the Permitted List 
 
 Date of Permit 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Barium nitrate 
 Wood meal . 
 Starch . 
 French chalk 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 1-9-13 
 18 
 25 
 
 5'5 
 28-5 
 23 
 
 28 oz. 
 T47" 
 
68 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 *NITROKOL. A gelatinised nitrocellulose powder in- 
 tended for use in rifles. It consists of a nitrocellulose, mostly 
 soluble in ether-alcohol, and gelatinised with that solvent. 
 It is made up in the form of small square flakes which are 
 graphited. 
 
 NITROLIT. A high explosive used by the Germans for 
 filling shell. It is a mixture of ammonium nitrate and 
 trinitro-anisol. 
 
 The name was formerly given by C. Lamm of Stockholm 
 to a blasting explosive containing blasting gelatine, ammonium 
 nitrate and other substances. 
 
 NITRO LOW-FLAME, NOS. 1 and 2 are American 
 coal-mine explosives on the Permissible List. They are 
 nitroglycerine mixtures. 
 
 NOBEL AMMONIA POWDER. A coal-mine ex- 
 plosive which was on the old Permitted List 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .84 
 Nitroglycerine ..... 8 
 Wood meal 8 
 
 NOBEL GELATINE DYNAMITE.) 
 NOBEL GELIGNITE. } 
 
 names explosives were introduced during the War with 
 modified compositions, the potassium nitrate being replaced 
 by sodium nitrate, and the percentage of nitroglycerine being 
 reduced. 
 
 NOBELIT is a German blasting explosive containing 
 blasting gelatine, carbonaceous substances, inorganic nitrates 
 and sodium or potassium chloride. 
 
 AMMON-NOBELIT contains ammonium nitrate, and 
 the proportion of blasting gelatine is limited to 4 per cent. 
 It may contain sodium or potassium oxalate, and various 
 other substances that are not present in Nobelit. 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 69 
 
 *NORMAL POWDER. A smokeless powder which 
 was said to have been adopted by the Governments of 
 Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland. The 
 following analyses were given in " Arms and Explosives," 1917, 
 p. 91 
 
 Rifle. Shot-gun Powders. 
 Date of Sample . . 1895 1913 1902 
 
 Nitrocellulose, insoluble . 93'0 8*8 40'8 
 
 soluble . . 3-5 89'4 56'1 
 
 Resin . . . .2-0 
 
 Moisture . . . .1-5 1-8 2'0 
 
 NORMANITE. A coal-mine explosive which was made 
 by the Cotton Powder Co., and was on the old Permitted 
 List- 
 Nitroglycerine ..... 33*5 
 
 Collodion cotton . . . . .1*5 
 
 Potassium nitrate . . . . .44*5 
 
 Wood meal ...... 8 
 
 Charcoal . . . . . .1*5 
 
 Ammonium oxalate . . . .11 
 
 Explosifs O are the chlorate explosives made in the 
 French State factories. Ol, O2, O4 and O5 are Cheddites 
 (q. v.). O3 is a Sprengel explosive, and is dealt with under 
 the heading of Promethe*e. 
 
 OAKLEY QUARRY POWDER is a blasting explosive 
 consisting of ammonium nitrate and tetryl. 
 
 OAKLITE. A coal-mine explosive made by the Ex- 
 plosives and Chemical Products, Ltd., which was on the old 
 Permitted List 
 
 No. 1. No. 2. 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . .25*5 10 
 
 Collodion cotton . . . .1 0'5 
 Potassium nitrate .... 34*5 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . . 79 '3 
 
 Wood meal ..... 38'7 10 
 
 Magnesium carbonate . . . 0*3 0*2 
 
70 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 ODITE. A coal-mine explosive which was made by 
 the New Explosives Co., and was on the old Permitted 
 List- 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .88 
 Dinitro-benzene . . . . .12 
 
 OPHORITE. A mild but hot explosive consisting of 
 
 Potassium perchlorate . . .60 
 
 Magnesium powder . . . .40 
 
 It is used as a bursting charge for incendiary shell, smoke 
 bombs, etc. 
 
 ORKANIT is the same as Alkalsit, but may contain 
 sodium chloride and similar salts. 
 
 OXYLIQUIT is a blasting explosive consisting of liquid 
 oxygen absorbed in some porous combustile material, such 
 as absorbent cork, soot or kieselguhr mixed with petro- 
 leum. It was discovered in 1895 by Prof. F. C. Linde, and 
 was tried on a large scale in 1899 in the construction of the 
 Simplon tunnel. It is very cheap, and is safe in the case of 
 a missfire, because in about half-an-hour the oxygen has all 
 evaporated off and the charge becomes inexplosive. On 
 the other hand, it is necessary to have the air liquefying 
 plant near the scene of operations, and the charge must be 
 fired soon after charging. These disadvantages prevented 
 the adoption of the explosive, but during the War fresh 
 trials were made in Germany in consequence of the scarcity 
 of nitrates. 
 
 Liquid oxygen explosives are now used on a considerable 
 scale by the Germans for military, as well as civil blasting 
 operations. The name Oxyliquit, however, seems only to 
 be applied to them when the explosive is made in the manner 
 and with the plant of the Linde Company. See also Marsit. 
 
 PANGLASTITE. A Sprengel explosive made by mix- 
 ing liquid nitrogen peroxide with carbon bisulphide, nitro- 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 71 
 
 benzene or nitro-toluene. It was proposed in 1881 by 
 Turpin, and was tried by Germany for filling shell, the two 
 constituents being contained in separate glass containers, 
 which were broken by the shock of discharge. It was not 
 adopted there on account of the inconvenience of dealing 
 with a liquid which gives off poisonous fumes. It is a power- 
 ful and violent explosive, and is probably the same as the 
 " Turpinite " about which sensational statements were made 
 in the press early in the War. 
 
 PANNONIT. A blasting explosive made by the A. G. 
 Dynamit Nobel of Austria. It has replaced Progressit in 
 Austria as a coal-mine explosive. Its composition is 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 
 Collodion cotton 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 
 Dextrin 
 
 Glycerine 
 
 Nitro-toluene 
 
 Sodium or potassium chloride 
 
 25'5 
 
 1*5 
 37 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 5 
 24 
 
 PAST ANIL. A German ammonium nitrate blasting 
 explosive similar to Plastammon. 
 
 *P.G./88. A Swiss smokeless powder for small-arms 
 consisting of 
 
 Nitrocellulose . . . . .82 
 
 Trinitro-toluene . . . . 18 
 
 PERAGON. A German blasting explosive containing 
 potassium perchlorate, zinc-aluminium alloy, aromatic nitro- 
 compounds and some other constituents. 
 
 PERGHLORIT is a German blasting explosive introduced 
 recently. It contains ammonium nitrate, a perchlorate, 
 mono- and dinitro-compounds, meal, charcoal, and not more 
 than 4 per cent, of nitroglycerine. 
 
 PERDIT. An explosive used by the Germans for 
 
72 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 mining and demolitions and rifle grenades. It consists 
 of 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .76 
 
 Potassium perchlorate .... 6 
 
 Wood meal 2 
 
 Dinitro-toluene 16 
 
 PERILIT. A German perchlorate blasting explosive 
 made by the Koeln-Rottweil Pulverfabriken. It contains 
 not more than 65 per cent, of potassium perchlorate, aromatic 
 nitro-compounds, not more than 6 per cent, of dinitro- 
 chlorhydrin, flour, etc., and nitrates (but not more than 
 10 per cent, of potassium nitrate). 
 
 PERKORONIT. See Koronit. 
 
 PERMON POWDER. A coal-mine explosive which 
 was on the Permitted List. It was made by the Carbonite 
 Syndicate in Germany, and imported into Great Britain 
 
 Date of Permit ..... 25-11-13 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . .12 
 Collodion cotton ..... 0*4 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .55 
 
 Sodium nitrate . . . . . 1 
 Glycerine ...... 4 
 
 Potato flour 10'6 
 
 Sodium chloride . . . . .17 
 
 Limit charge . . . . . . 18 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) . . 2 '57" 
 
 The permit was repealed on 21-11-16. 
 
 PERMONITE. A potassium perchlorate explosive 
 made by the Carbonite Syndicate at Schlebusch in Germany. 
 A number of mixtures have been placed on the market, 
 but they do not differ from one another very much. One 
 which was on the old British Permitted List was 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 73 
 
 Potassium perchlorate . . . . 32 "2 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .41 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . . 3'5 
 Collodion cotton . . . . .0*3 
 Trinitro -toluene . . . . .12 
 
 Starch 8 
 
 Wood meal ...... 3 
 
 See also Gesteins Leonit. 
 
 PERRUMPIT. A German coal-mine explosive con- 
 taining ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, vegetable meal, 
 fatty oils, graphite and aluminium, cooling agents such as 
 ammonium oxalate or sodium chloride, and not more than 
 15 per cent, of trinitro-toluene. 
 
 PERSALIT is a German perchlorate explosive made 
 by the Westfulisch-Anhaltische Sprengstoff A.-G. It con- 
 tains not more than 77 per cent, of an alkali or alkali earth 
 perchlorate, organic matter such as hydrocarbons, resins, 
 meal or nitrated hydrocarbons (with the proviso that if 
 the percentage of perchlorate exceed 70, there must not be 
 more than 10 per cent, of trinitro-toluene). There must 
 also be not less than 4 per cent, of ammonium nitrate, and 
 there may be an addition of sodium nitrate or other salt 
 that does not increase the sensitiveness. 
 
 WETTER-PERSALIT is a similar explosive, but has 
 been modified to make it more suitable for use in coal mines. 
 It contains not more than 85 per cent, of potassium per- 
 chlorate, not more than 25 per cent, of ammonium nitrate, 
 aromatic nitro-compounds of which not more than 20 per 
 cent, must be trinitro-toluene, vegetable meal, not more than 
 6 per cent, of nitroglycerine, sodium nitrate, and neutral 
 salts. It is similar to Neu-Leonit. 
 
 PETROKLASTIT or HALOKLASTIT is a modified 
 gunpowder mixture used in Germany in potash mines and 
 stone quarries. It contains sodium nitrate, sulphur, coal-tar 
 pitch, potassium nitrate, not more than 1 per cent, of potas- 
 
74 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 sium bichromate, and may have up to 10 per cent, of charcoal, 
 as, for instance 
 
 Sodium nitrate 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 Sulphur 
 Coai-tar pitch 
 Potassium bichromate 
 
 69 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 It is more powerful than ordinary blasting powder, and 
 somewhat less sensitive to blows. This explosive is also 
 made in Switzerland. 
 
 PETROLIT is a German chlorate explosive introduced 
 during the War. It contains not more than 88 per cent, of 
 potassium chlorate, nitro-compounds, kerosene, and neutral 
 salts. (This is rather a dangerous mixture. A.M.) 
 
 PFALZIT. A German blasting explosive containing 
 ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, not more than 13 per 
 cent, of trinitro-toluene, not more than 1 per cent, of collodion 
 cotton, meal, sodium chloride, etc. 
 
 PHCENIX POWDER. A German coal-mine explosive 
 made by Dr. R. Nahnsen and Co., of Hamburg. It 
 passed the Woolwich Test and was on the old Permitted 
 List. 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Collodion cotton 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 Wood meal . 
 
 PICROL. See Shellite, 
 
 29-5 
 0-5 
 82 
 88 
 
 PIERRITE. -A form of Cheddite which was made at 
 Gamsee, near Brig, for excavating the Simplon tunnel 
 
 Potassium chlorate 
 Nitro-naphthalene 
 Picric acid 
 Castor oil 
 
 80 
 11-5 
 
 2 
 
 G'5 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 75 
 
 PIT-ITE was a coal-mine explosive of the Carbonite type, 
 made by the New Explosives Co., Ltd. The composition, 
 which was on the old Permitted List, was 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . .26 
 
 Barium nitrate . . . . .33 
 
 Wood meal . . . . . .41 
 
 and a little sodium or calcium carbonate. 
 
 In order to pass the Rotherham Test, the composition 
 was modified to the following, No. 2, which was formerly 
 on the Permitted List 
 
 Date of Permit 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 Wood meal . 
 Ammonium oxalate 
 
 1-9-13 
 24 
 80 
 88 
 
 8 
 
 Limit charge ..... over 82 oz. 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) . . 2*15" 
 
 PITSEA POWDER NO. 2 was a coal-mine explosive on 
 the Permitted List, made by the British Explosives Syndicate, 
 Ltd. 
 
 Date of Permit ..... 26-11-13 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . . 6'5 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .55 
 
 Potassium nitrate . . . . .10 
 
 Wood meal 10 
 
 Ammonium oxalate . . . .18*5 
 
 Limit charge . . . . . 8 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum . . 2*64" 
 
 The permit has been repealed. 
 
 Gesteins-PLASTAMMON. A German blasting ex- 
 plosive containing not less than 70 per cent, of ammonium 
 nitrate, glycerine, not more than 15 per cent, of nitro-toluene 
 or other nitro-compounds, and not more than 4 per cent, of 
 nitro-semicellulose. 
 
 Steinkohlen-PLASTAMMON is a variation of this, con- 
 
76 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 taining not more than 25 per cent, of potassium nitrate, and 
 intended for use in coal mines. 
 
 *PLASTOMENIT was an early German shot-gun 
 powder which possessed no great merits. The following was 
 the composition of a sample examined in 1893, and given 
 in "Arms and Explosives," 1917, p. 90 
 
 Nitrocellulose, insoluble 
 
 soluble 
 
 Metallic nitrates 
 Dinitro-toluene (solvent) 
 Moisture 
 
 32-7 
 19'3 
 21'0 
 26-0 
 1-0 
 
 PLASTROTYL. A German high explosive for filling 
 shell. It consists of a partially liquid mixture of trinitro- 
 and dinitro-toluene gelatinised by means of not more than 
 0-5 pep cent, of collodion cotton, and mixed with a small 
 quantity of turpentine or soft resin. It does not appear to 
 be in use now. 
 
 PLESSIT is a blasting explosive that was introduced in 
 Germany during the War. It consists of potassium chlorate, 
 not more than 9*5 per cent, of kerosene and 0*5 per cent, of 
 albumen. Wetter-Pi essit III. contains sodium chloride as 
 well. 
 
 PNIOWIT. A German blasting explosive containing 
 ammonium nitrate, trinitro-toluene, wood meal and a small 
 percentage of potassium perchlorate. 
 
 Nobel POLARITE is a blasting explosive made by 
 Nobel's Explosives Co., Ltd. It consists of potassium per- 
 chlorate, and nitroglycerine mixed with a nitro-compound 
 and gelatinised with collodion cotton, and absorbed in wood 
 meal. 
 
 Poudres B, J, M, S, T. See under respective 
 letters. 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 77 
 
 PRAEPOSIT is a modified gunpowder 
 
 Potassium (or sodium) nitrate) . . 70 
 
 Sulphur . . . . . .18 
 
 Charcoal ...... 6 
 
 Hipposin ...... 6 
 
 the last constituent being a fine powdery substance obtained 
 from dried horse dung. It is slower than ordinary blasting 
 powder and more expensive. It has a tendency to blow 
 out, and opinions as to its value vary. Formerly it was 
 supplied in the form of a fine powder, but it is now granulated 
 or made into compressed cartridges. 
 
 *PRIMROSE SMOKELESS is an inexpensive 42-grain 
 bulk powder for shot-guns made by the New Explosives Co. 
 
 PROGRESSIT was an explosive formerly used in 
 Austrian coal mines 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . 94 89 
 Aniline hydrochloride ... 6 5 
 
 Ammonium sulphate ... 6 
 
 It was superseded in 1913 by Pannonit. 
 
 PROMTHE or PROMETHEUS is a Sprengel ex- 
 plosive made by the French Government, by whom it is also 
 called Explosif O3. It consists of a porous oxygen carrier 
 and a liquid combustible, which are supplied separately, and 
 the one is dipped in the other shortly before use 
 
 10 
 
 } Oxygen carrier, 92 to 87 o /0 
 
 1 2 
 
 Nitro-benzene . 50 60 ] 
 
 Turpentine . 20 15 V Combustible, 8 to 13 % 
 
 Naphtha . . 30 25 J 
 
 Any combination of a, b or c with 1 or 2 may be used. 
 The amount of liquid combustible taken up may vary from 
 
78 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 8 to 13 per cent. : this irregularity is a serious defect, and 
 may cause incomplete detonation. This explosive is also 
 made in Italy. 
 
 PROSPERIT is a German ammonium nitrate explosive, 
 containing also vegetable meal, nitro-compounds and other 
 constituents. It may contain up to 4 per cent, of blasting 
 gelatine. 
 
 Gelatine-Prosperit contains also up to 20 per cent, of 
 dinitro-chlorhydrin gelatinised with collodion cotton. 
 
 PULVJ5RIN. An ungranulated black powder made in 
 France for use in fireworks, etc. 
 
 PULVfiRITE. A Belgian coal-mine explosive contain- 
 ing perchlorate 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Potassium perchlorate 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Collodion cotton 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Flour . 
 Sodium chloride 
 Ammonium sulphate 
 Barium sulphate 
 
 The " charge limite " is 850 grammes, 
 504 grammes of Dynamite No. 1. 
 
 30-5 
 24 
 
 6 
 
 0'5 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 18 
 
 7 
 
 2 
 
 equivalent to 
 
 PYROGOLLODION is a nitrocotton almost entirely 
 soluble in ether-alcohol, and of comparatively high nitration. 
 It contains about 12-5 to 127 per cent, of nitrogen, and 
 consequently has about enough oxygen to oxidise all its 
 hydrogen to water, and its carbon to the monoxide. It 
 was first prepared by Mendele*eff for the Russian smokeless 
 powder, and was afterwards adopted by the United States 
 for their present powder. 
 
 PYROXILINE was a name formerly given to nitro- 
 cellulose. 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 79 
 
 RACK-A-ROCK is a Sprengel explosive which has been 
 used extensively in America, and also in Siberia and China. 
 It consists of cartridges of potassium chlorate mixed some- 
 times with oxide of iron, which are dipped shortly before 
 use into a liquid. The latter is nitro-benzene or " dead 
 oil,** a heavy hydrocarbon oil obtained from coal-tar, or a 
 mixture of the two. The chlorate cartridges are enclosed 
 in small cotton bags, and are placed in a wire basket sus- 
 pended from a spring balance. They are dipped into a 
 vessel containing the liquid until a quarter or a third of the 
 weight of the chlorate has been taken up. 
 
 RASCHIT is a blasting explosive consisting entirely of 
 salts readily soluble in water, invented by F. Raschig. The 
 incorporation is carried out by dissolving the constituents in 
 water, and evaporating the solution rapidly on a rotating 
 steam-heated drum. The oxidising substance is ammonium 
 or sodium nitrate, and the combustible is the sodium salt of 
 an organic sulphonate or the residue obtained from the 
 manufacture of wood cellulose. 
 
 II. III. IV. V. VI. 
 Ammonium nitrate . . 84 87 60 85 
 
 70 
 
 16 
 
 30 13 10 
 
 Sodium nitrate 
 
 Ammonium nitro-cresol sulphonate 
 
 Sodium cresol sulphonate . 
 
 Cellulose residue . 
 
 Sodium sulphate 
 
 No. II. is the only one made at present. 
 
 R.D.B. (Research Department B). See CORDITE. 
 
 RED GROSS explosives are American dynamites con- 
 taining some nitro-toluene or other substance to make the 
 nitroglycerine low-freezing. 
 
 RED H, Nos. 1 to 7 are American coal-mine explosives 
 on the Permissible List. They are ammonium nitrate 
 mixtures. 
 
80 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 *RED STAR is a 33-grain bulk smokeless powder for 
 shot-guns, introduced in 1906 by the New Explosives Co. 
 According to an analysis given in "Arms and Explosives," 
 1917, p. 76, its composition is 
 
 Nitrocellulose, insoluble 
 
 ,, soluble 
 
 Metallic nitrates 
 Nitro-compounds . 
 Vaseline 
 Moisture 
 
 52-2 
 
 25'5 
 
 10-5 
 
 7-0 
 
 3-0 
 
 1-8 
 
 RENDROGK. A brand of American dynamite. 
 
 REX POWDER is a coal-mine explosive made by the 
 Cotton Powder Co. It is on the Permitted List, and 
 is used to a considerable extent 
 
 Date of Permit 16-8-15 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . .12 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .60 
 
 Wood meal 8'5 
 
 Sodium chloride . . . . .19*5 
 
 Limit charge . . . . . . 20 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) . . 2*61" 
 
 REXITE. A coal-mine explosive made by the New 
 Explosives Co., which was on the old Permitted List. 
 It is no longer " permitted." 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . .7*5 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .66 
 
 Sodium nitrate . . . . .14*5 
 Trinitro-toluene ..... 7*5 
 Wood meal ...... 4*5 
 
 REXOL. A high explosive containing ammonium per- 
 chlorate, zinc dust, resin and mineral oil. 
 
 R.F.G. (Rifled Fine Grain) 
 R.L.G. (Rifled Large Grain) 
 
 black powders made for 
 
 rifles and rifled ordnance 
 
 respectively. 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 II. 
 
 III. 
 
 IV. 
 
 V. 
 
 50 
 
 35 
 
 24 
 
 15 
 
 82'6 
 
 37 
 
 56-2 
 
 62'9 
 
 17 
 
 27-5 
 
 19 
 
 21'2 
 
 0-4 
 
 0-5 
 
 0'8 
 
 0'9 
 
 RHENANIT. A German blasting explosive containing 
 ammonium nitrate, not more than 4 per cent, of blasting 
 gelatine, and combustibles such as charcoal and naphthalene. 
 
 Wetter-Rhenanit is for use in coal mines, and contains 
 also sodium chloride. 
 
 Rhenanit V., which has been introduced recently, contains 
 up to 10 per cent, of potassium perchlorate, and is similar 
 to Astralit V. 
 
 RHEXIT. An Austrian dynamite. 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Sodium nitrate 
 Wood meal . 
 Sodium carbonate 
 
 *RIFLEITE was a completely gelatinised smokeless 
 powder which was made by the Smokeless Powder Co.; 
 it was in the form of flakes. A variety was also introduced 
 for use in shot-guns and was called Shot-Gun Rifleite; this 
 was a 37-grain gelatinised dense powder. 
 
 Date of Introduction 
 
 Nitrocellulose, insoluble 
 soluble . 
 
 Nitro-compound 
 Moisture .... 
 
 The nitrocellulose was made from lignin. These analyses 
 were given in "Arms and Explosives," 1917, p. 77. 
 
 RIPPING AMMONAL. See AMMONAL. 
 
 RIPPITE is an explosive made by Curtis's and Harvey, 
 which was on the old Permitted List 
 
 Shot-gun 
 
 For -303 
 
 Rifleite. 
 
 Rifle. 
 
 1894 
 
 1890 
 
 76-0 
 
 1-7 
 
 18-9 
 
 82-5 
 
 8-5 
 
 14-8 
 
 1'6 
 
 1-0 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Collodion cotton 
 Potassium nitrate 
 Castor oil 
 Wood meal . 
 Ammonium oxalate 
 
 61 
 4 
 
 19 
 1 
 5 
 
 10 
 
82 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 It is no longer " permitted " for use in dangerous coal 
 mines, but is still used for general purposes. 
 
 SUPER-RIPPITE is a modification of this, which has 
 passed the Rotherham Test and is on the Permitted List 
 
 Date of Permit 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Collodion cotton 
 Potassium nitrate 
 Borax . 
 Potassium chloride 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 29-8-14 
 52 
 
 3 
 
 14'5 
 22-5 
 
 8 
 
 18 oz. 
 2*53" 
 
 RIVALIT is a German blasting explosive containing 
 ammonium nitrate, vegetable meal, nitro-compounds, and 
 may also contain up to 3 per cent, of blasting gelatine. 
 
 Rivalit P, which has been introduced recently, contains 
 up to 10 per cent, of potassium perchlorate, and is practically 
 the same as Astralit V. 
 
 Chlorat-Rivalit is an explosive of the Cheddite type, 
 introduced in Germany during the War 
 
 Potassium chlorate 
 Paraffin 
 
 88-5 
 11-5 
 
 ROBURITE is a coal-mine explosive of the Grisounite 
 class. In Germany many different mixtures have been 
 made, but in general they are within the following limits 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 Trinitro -toluene 
 Flour . 
 Sodium chloride 
 Potassium permanganate 
 
 70 to 80 
 5 10 
 
 12 15 
 
 6 
 
 5 to 6 
 O'l 0-5 
 
 but some are outside them. 
 
 The explosive has also been made in England by the 
 Roburite Explosives Co., Ltd., now incorporated in Roburite 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 83 
 
 and Ammonal, Ltd., who had the following on the old 
 Permitted List 
 
 No. 3 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .88 
 
 Dinitro-benzene . . . . .11 
 Chlor-naphthalene ..... 1 
 
 The following has passed the Rotherham Test and is now 
 on the Permitted List 
 
 No. 4 
 Date of Permit ..... 13-5-14 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .61 
 
 Trinitro-toluene 16 
 
 Sodium chloride 23 
 
 Limit charge . . . . . . 18 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) . . 2 '86" 
 
 ROGKITE is an explosive made by Curtis's and Harvey 
 for quarry work, etc. 
 
 ROMPERIT. A German blasting explosive containing 
 ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, trinitro-toluene, flour 
 and resin. It may also contain up to 4 per cent, of blasting 
 gelatine. 
 
 Wetter-Romperit contains also sodium chloride, am- 
 monium chloride or magnesite, and is used in coal mines. 
 
 Gelatine-Romperit contains gelatinised nitroglycerine, 
 glycerine, potato meal, etc., and nitrates, and may also 
 contain aromatic nitro-compounds and alkali nitrates. 
 
 Romperit G, which has been introduced recently, contains 
 up to 10 per cent, of potassium perchlorate, and is similar 
 to Astralit V. 
 
 ROSLIN GIANT BLASTING POWDER is a per- 
 chlorate explosive made by Curtis's and Harvey. 
 
 *ROTTWEIL SMOKELESS POWDERS. These were 
 pushed energetically in England in 1913. They comprised a 
 gelatinised rifle powder, and a 37-grain gelatinised dense shot- 
 
84 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 gun powder. Analyses were given in " Arms and Explosives," 
 1917, p. 90 
 
 Shot-gun. Rifle. 
 
 Nitrocellulose, insoluble . . 72 '3 72 -8 
 
 soluble . . . 24-5 25'0 
 Metallic nitrates . 0'7 
 
 Camphor and diphenylamine . 1*0 1*0 
 
 Moisture 1*5 1*2 
 
 *RUBY POWDER.-A 42-grain bulk smokeless powder, 
 for shot-guns, introduced in 1899 by Curtis's and Harvey. 
 The following analysis was given in "Arms and Explosives," 
 1917 
 
 Nitrocellulose, insoluble 
 
 soluble 
 
 Metallic nitrates 
 Nitro-compound 
 Starch . 
 Moisture 
 
 46-6 
 4-0 
 
 34-0 
 8'2 
 5'5 
 1-7 
 
 It is an inexpensive powder made without solvents. 
 
 RUSSELITE. A coal-mine explosive which was made 
 by the Forcite Co. in Belgium. It was on the old 
 British Permitted List 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . . 40 '5 
 
 Collodion cotton 2 '3 
 
 Potassium nitrate ..... 24*5 
 
 Trinitro-toluene . . . . .5*5 
 
 Wood meal ...... 4 
 
 Ammonium oxalate . . . .23 
 
 Calcium carbonate 0'2 
 
 *Poudre S is a shot-gun powder made by the French 
 Government. It consists of 
 
 Guncotton . . . . . .37 
 
 Soluble nitrocotton . . . . .28 
 
 Potassium nitrate ..... 6 
 
 Barium nitrate . . . . .29 
 
 Moisture . 2 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 85 
 
 The ingredients are incorporated together under light 
 edge runners, dried and partially gelatinised with 35 per 
 cent, of ether-alcohol. The dough, which is not very co- 
 herent, is formed into grains by simply passing it through a 
 sieve. The grains are dried, sifted, hardened if necessary 
 with ether-alcohol, and again dried and sifted. 
 
 8ABULITE is a blasting explosive containing ammonium 
 nitrate, trinitro-toluene and calcium silicide. The last con- 
 stituent increases the heat of explosion and renders the 
 mixture more sensitive both to detonation and to blows; 
 it plays the same part as the aluminium powder in 
 Ammonal. 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Calcium silicide 
 
 78 
 8 
 
 This composition was modified by the Belgian Sabulite 
 Co. to render it suitable for use in coal mines : by in- 
 troducing some potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride 
 it was able to pass the tests, and obtain a place on the list of 
 " explosifs S.G.P." 
 
 Sabulite 
 antigri- 
 souteuse A. 
 Ammonium nitrate 54 
 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 Ammonium chloride 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Calcium silicide 
 
 22 
 
 18 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 Sabulite has been used as a military high explosive. 
 
 SAFETY BLASTING POWDER. See GAHUECIT. 
 
 SALIT or Wittenberger Wetterdynamit is a German 
 coal-mine explosive. The following is an analysis 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Collodion cotton 
 Dinitro-toluene 
 Dextrin 
 Sodium chloride 
 
 53-6 
 
 11-8 
 
 0-5 
 
 8'5 
 
 2-5 
 
 23-1 
 
86 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 SAMSONITE. A coal-mine explosive made by Nobel's 
 Explosives Co., Ltd. It was on the old Permitted List. It 
 is now no longer permitted for use in dangerous coal mines 
 but is still used for general purposes. 
 
 Nitroglycerine . .58*5 
 
 Collodion cotton 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 Wood meal . 
 Ammonium oxalate 
 
 3'5 
 
 18 
 
 6'5 
 13-5 
 
 During the War potassium nitrate was replaced by sodium 
 nitrate, and the nitroglycerine was reduced to 50 per cent. 
 
 Nos. 2 and 3 have passed the Rotherham Test and are 
 on the Permitted List 
 
 Date of Permit . 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . 
 Collodion cotton . 
 Amide compound . 
 Potassium perchlorate 
 Sodium nitrate . 
 Borax . . . 
 Potassium chloride . 
 Sodium chloride . 
 Moisture ... 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 SAXONITE was the predecessor of Samsonite on the 
 old Permitted List. It has practically the same composition, 
 but wide limits are allowed. It also is used for general 
 purposes. During the War potassium nitrate was replaced by 
 sodium nitrate. 
 
 Ammon-SCHLESIT or Kohlen-SCHLESIT is a German 
 coal-mine explosive containing ammonium nitrate and other 
 nitrates, nitro-compounds, starch, neutral salts, not more 
 than 4 per cent, of blasting gelatine, and not more than 2 per 
 cent, of potassium perchlorate. 
 
 SGHNEIDERITE is a high explosive used by the 
 French for filling shell. Its composition is the same as the 
 Favier explosive NjC. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 25-1-19 
 
 25-1-19 
 
 51-5 
 
 51-5 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 0-2 
 
 0-3 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 23-3 
 
 25-2 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 24 oz. 
 
 2-49 
 
 2-42" 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 87 
 
 *SGHULTZE POWDER was the first successful smoke- 
 less powder made. It was invented by Capt. E. Schultze 
 of the Prussian Artillery, who appears at first simply to 
 have impregnated little grains of wood with saltpetre (Eng. 
 Pat. 900 of 1864). But later the wood cellulose was purified 
 and nitrated, and then mixed with nitrates. The powder 
 has remained the same as this until the present day, although 
 the methods of manufacture have been developed and, 
 indeed, revolutionised more than once. In "Arms and Ex- 
 plosives," 1917, p. 75, the following analyses of different 
 brands were given 
 
 Sawdust. Schultze. Imperial. Cube. Lightning. 
 
 Date introduced . . 1869 1883 1902 1908 1913 
 
 Charge for 12-bore, grns. . 42 42 33 30 33 
 
 Gela- 
 
 Fibrous. Fibrous. Fibrous, tinised. Fibrous. 
 
 Nitrocellulose, insoluble) ft , 25'0 63'7 62'1 55'0 
 
 soluble / * 40'0 18'9 27*0 27'0 
 
 Metallic nitrates . . 33'0 29'0 8'0 5'0 11'2 
 
 Vaseline . 4'0 7'6 4'0 5'0 
 
 Moisture 2'2 2'0 T8 1'9 1'8 
 
 The nitrocellulose in all cases has been made from wood 
 cellulose. All the powders are of the bulk type. 
 
 Schultze powder is also made in America as a 36-grain 
 fibrous bulk powder 
 
 Nitrocellulose, insoluble . . . .4*9 
 soluble .... 78'5 
 
 Metallic nitrates 10'5 
 
 Vaseline ...... 3*7 
 
 Moisture . . . . . .2*4 
 
 SEAMEX is a coal-mine explosive on the Permitted List 
 made by Explosives and Chemical Products, Ltd. 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . .10 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .58 
 
 Wheat flour 20 
 
 Sodium chloride . . . . .12 
 
 Limit charge 36 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) . . 2-54" 
 
88 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 SEBOMITE is a French chlorate explosive resembling 
 Cheddite, but containing tallow instead of castor oil. 
 
 SEGURITE was one of the first coal-mine explosives. 
 It contained ammonium nitrate and dinitro-benzene, and 
 was therefore similar to Bellite and Roburite. 
 
 SEGUROPHORE. A Belgian coal-mine explosive con- 
 taining nitroglycerine, nitrates, flour and other constituents. 
 
 SENGITE is a variety of Tonite introduced in South 
 Africa as a substitute for Gelignite in consequence of the 
 scarcity of glycerine due to the War. It contains guncotton 
 and sodium nitrate, and sufficient moisture to render it safe 
 to handle without diminishing its strength. The first four 
 letters of its name stand for substitute explosive no glycerine. 
 It requires a priming cartridge of gelignite or similar explosive. 
 It is more expensive than gelignite, and consequently is not 
 likely to be used when the scarcity of glycerine has been 
 relieved. 
 
 SHELLITE. A high explosive consisting of picric acid 
 and dinitro -phenol, used for filling shells. The mixture 
 possesses the advantage over straight picric acid that it 
 melts at a lower temperature. It was for a time called 
 Picrol. 
 
 SHEPPEY POWDER. A coal-mine explosive made by 
 the Cotton Powder Co. which was on the Permitted 
 List for a short time, but was removed in 1914 
 
 Date of Permit .... 25-11-13 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . .27 
 
 Potassium nitrate . . . . .31 
 
 Wood meal . . . . 86 
 
 Ammonium oxalate .... 6 
 
 Limit charge . . . . . .10 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) . . 2* 10" 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 89 
 
 SIEGENIT. A German blasting explosive containing 
 ammonium nitrate, flour, and not more than 15 per cent, 
 of dinitro-toluene. For use in coal mines, sodium chloride 
 and magnesium sulphate are added as diluents, and nitro- 
 glycerine to increase the sensitiveness. 
 
 SILESIA is a German blasting explosive consisting of 
 potassium chlorate, the particles of which are coated with 
 resin or oxidised resin. The latter is made by treating 
 ground colophony, mixed with 10 per cent, of starch, with 
 nitric acid. After washing and drying this is incorporated 
 with the chlorate with the aid of alcohol, in which it is soluble. 
 For use in coal mines sodium chloride is sometimes added. 
 The following are examples 
 
 4. 4a. IV. 22. 
 
 Potassium chlorate . . 80 80 70 
 
 Resin . . . .20 16 "\ g 
 
 ,, oxidised . . . 4 / 
 Sodium chloride ... 22 
 
 It is practically the same as Steelite. 
 
 *S.K., S.R., S.S., S.V. were partially gelatinised fibrous 
 smokeless powders, introduced by the Smokeless Powder 
 Co. about 1889. They are no longer made. The 
 following analyses were given in " Arms and Explosives," 1917, 
 p. 77 
 
 S.R. S.S. 
 
 Nitrocellulose, insoluble 
 
 ,, soluble 
 
 Metallic nitrates 
 Nitro-compound 
 Vaseline 
 Starch 
 Moisture 
 
 45'2 53-0 
 
 25'5 13'0 
 
 18'5 18'0 
 
 lO'O 
 
 4*6 
 
 8-0 
 
 2-8 1-4 
 
 The nitrocellulose was made from lignin. S.S. was a 
 38-grain bulk powder; S.R. was a fibrous powder for rifles; 
 S.K. a similar powder for small rifles, and S.V. for revolvers. 
 
90 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 *SMOKELESS DIAMOND is a 33-grain bulk smoke- 
 less powder for shot-guns, introduced in 1903 by Curtis's 
 and Harvey. According to an analysis in "Arms and Ex- 
 plosives," 1917, p. 78, its composition is 
 
 Nitrocellulose, insoluble 
 
 ,, soluble 
 
 Metallic nitrates 
 Vaseline 
 Charcoal 
 Moisture 
 
 69'0 
 6-6 
 
 15'0 
 2'5 
 5'6 
 1-3 
 
 *SOLENITE. A smokeless powder introduced in Italy 
 in 1896 for use in rifles 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Nitrocotton, soluble 
 Mineral jelly . 
 
 34 
 
 63 
 
 3 
 
 It is gelatinised with the aid of acetone, and is made in 
 the form of translucent short tubes of a light brown colour. 
 
 SPRENGCHLORAT. See Hassia-Chlorat. 
 
 SPRENGEL EXPLOSIVES were patented in 1871 by 
 Dr. Hermann Sprengel, F.R.S., the inventor of the mercury 
 vacuum pump. They are made by mixing an oxidising 
 substance with a combustible one, the essential features 
 being that one or both of the substances must be liquid, and 
 the mixing takes place shortly before the explosive is re- 
 quired. The mixture is exploded by means of a fulminate 
 detonator. As oxidising agents, Sprengel mentioned amongst 
 others nitric acid and potassium chlorate ; nitrogen peroxide 
 has also been used ; as combustibles, a large number of sub- 
 stances including nitro-benzene, nitro-naphthalene, carbon 
 bisulphide, petroleum and picric acid. For most purposes 
 nitric acid is an inconvenient material to use. Porous cart- 
 ridges of potassium chlorate constitute the oxidiser generally 
 employed, the combustibles being hydrocarbon oils and 
 nitro-benzene. This possesses considerable advantages, as 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 91 
 
 there is no danger of a premature explosion until the con- 
 stituents have been mixed. Under the British Explosives 
 Act, however, this mixing constitutes " manufacture," and 
 can only be carried out in a properly licensed factory. Con- 
 sequently Sprengel explosives have not been used in Great 
 Britain, but they have been employed on a considerable 
 scale in the United States, France, Italy and other countries. 
 For examples of Sprengel explosives see Panclastite, 
 Promethe*e, Rack-a-Rock. 
 
 SPRENGGELATINE is the German for Blasting 
 Gelatine. 
 
 SPRENGSALPETER is a cheap German blasting 
 powder made from sodium nitrate, sulphur and brown coal. 
 It is used in the potash mines. 
 
 STABILITE is a name that has been given to trinitro- 
 anisole. It has been tried as a constituent of a smokeless 
 powder, but it belies its title as it is readily hydrolysed with 
 the formation of picric acid. It has also been used by the 
 Germans as a filling for bombs. 
 
 STANFORD POWDER. A coal-mine explosive of the 
 Favier class which was on the Permitted List for a short 
 time in 1913. 
 
 STEELITE was practically the same as Silesia. Colliery 
 Steelite was a coal-mine explosive on the old Permitted List, 
 and made by Steelite Explosives, Ltd. It contained 
 
 Potassium chlorate . . . .74 
 
 Oxidised resin . . . . .25 
 Castor oil ...... l 
 
 Steelite is no longer authorised for manufacture or import 
 into the United Kingdom. 
 
 ST. HELEN'S POWDER. -A coal-mine explosive of 
 
92 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 the Ammonal type made by the Roburite Explosives Co., 
 which was on the old Permitted List 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . . 93 '5 
 Aluminium powder . . . .2*5 
 Trinitro-toluene 4 
 
 STOMONAL is a coal-mine explosive made by the 
 New Explosives Co., Ltd. It was on the old Permitted 
 List. In order to pass the Rotherham Test and obtain 
 places on the new Permitted List, No. 1 and No. 2 have had 
 salts added as cooling agents 
 
 No. 1. No. 2. 
 Date of Permit 22-6-14 9-5-17 
 
 Nitroglycerine .... 8 10 10 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . 84*5 56 l 60'5 
 
 Sodium nitrate .... 6 
 
 Wood meal 7'5 6'5 
 
 Wheat flour .... 8-5 
 
 Sodium chloride . . . . 19'5 17 
 
 Ammonium oxalate ... 6 
 
 Limit charge . . . . 20 30 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 2 '08 2 '57* 
 
 STONAX is a low-freezing Gelignite containing a small 
 percentage of a nitro-compound. 
 
 STOW-ITE. A coal-mine explosive made by the New 
 Explosives Co., Ltd. It was on the old Permitted List 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . . .59 
 Collodion cotton . . . . .4*7 
 Potassium nitrate . . . . .18*8 
 
 Wood meal 6 
 
 Ammonium oxalate . . . .12 
 
 *STOWMARKET SMOKELESS is a 33-grain bulk 
 powder for shot-guns made by the New Explosives Co. It is 
 a comparatively inexpensive powder. 
 
 SUNDERITE was a coal-mine explosive made by Nobel's 
 Explosives Co., Ltd., at one time on the Permitted List 
 
 1 Including not more than 2 per cent, magnesium carbonate. 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 93 
 
 Date of Permit 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Potassium perchlorate 
 Wood meal . 
 Ammonium oxalate 
 
 26-11-13 
 9 
 
 53*2 
 9 
 8'8 
 
 20 
 
 16 oz. 
 2'66" 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 SUPER-CLIFFITE. See CLIFFITE. 
 SUPER-CURTISITE. See CURTISITE. 
 SUPER-EXCELLITE. See EXGELLITE. 
 
 SUPERITE. A coal-mine explosive which was made by 
 the Carbonite Company in Germany, and formerly on the 
 Permitted List 
 
 Date of Permit .... 1-9-13 
 
 Nitroglycerine ..... 4 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .82 
 Potassium nitrate . . . . .10 
 Starch .4 
 
 Limit charge . . . . . 10 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) . . 2*53" 
 
 The Permit was repealed on 21-11-16. 
 SUPER-KOLAX. See KOLAX. 
 SUPER-RIPPITE. See RIPPITE. 
 
 SWALE POWDER was a coal-mine explosive on the 
 Permitted List made by the Cotton Powder Co., Ltd. 
 
 Date of Permit . . 10-2-14 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Collodion cotton 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Potassium perchlorate 
 Wood meal . 
 Ammonium oxalate 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 The permit has been repealed. 
 
 19 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 88 
 10 
 28 
 
 20 oz. 
 2-50" 
 
94 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 SWALITE. A coal-mine explosive made by the Cotton 
 Powder Co., Ltd. It was on the old Permitted List 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Collodion cotton 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 Wood meal . 
 Ammonium oxalate 
 
 59-5 
 
 4 
 17 
 
 6 
 13'5 
 
 SYNDITE. A coal-mine explosive formerly on the 
 Permitted List. It was made by the Carbonite Syndicate in 
 Germany 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Collodion cotton 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Sodium nitrate 
 Glycerine 
 Starch . 
 Sodium chloride 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 The permit was repealed on 21-9-16. 
 
 11 
 0-2 
 
 46'3 
 8 
 
 3-5 
 4 
 
 27 
 
 over 40 oz. 
 2-22" 
 
 *Poudre T is a condensed smokeless shot-gun powder 
 manufactured by the French Government. It is made from 
 guncotton, CP 1} to which 2 per cent, of saltpetre is added, 
 gelatinised with acetone. The dough is pressed into strips 
 which are rolled down to a thickness of 0*15 mm. and cut 
 into small squares of 1*5 mm. side. The powder is then 
 steeped in water to dissolve out the greater part of the 
 potassium nitrate, dried, and finally drummed with a little 
 gum and graphite to make it more progressive. This powder 
 is superior to the other French sporting-powders, but is more 
 expensive. The charge for a 16-bore cartridge is 1*9 grammes. 
 
 TELSIT A is a blasting explosive made at the Nobel 
 Works in Switzerland. It consists of ammonium nitrate, 
 nitrated toluene and aluminium powder. 
 
 Gelatine-Telsit contains ammonium nitrate, blasting 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 95 
 
 gelatine and liquid trinitrotoluene, also gelatinised with 
 collodion cotton. 
 
 Special-Gelatine-Telsit differs from this in having part of 
 the ammonium nitrate replaced by sodium nitrate. 
 
 TERRIT is a plastic blasting explosive made in Sweden, 
 and consisting of ammonium perchlorate, sodium nitrate and 
 liquid dinitro-toluene, gelatinised with collodion cotton 
 
 Ammonium perchlorate . . . .43 
 
 Sodium nitrate . . . . .28 
 
 Dinitro-toluene (liquid) . . . .27*8 
 
 Collodion cotton . . . . .1*2 
 
 It is difficult to detonate. 
 
 TETRYL is the name usually given to tetranitro-methyl- 
 aniline, the strictly scientific designation of which is trinitro- 
 phenyl-methyl-nitramine 
 
 CH 3 NO 2 
 
 V 
 
 /\ 
 
 NO 
 
 NO 
 
 It is used extensively as an intermediate detonating agent 
 for high -explosive shell, as it is somewhat more sensitive than 
 most of the explosives used, and can consequently be detonated 
 by a small charge of fulminate. It is also called C. E. 
 
 Grisou-TETRILITE. See Favier Powder. 
 
 TEUTONIT is a German Favier explosive containing 
 not less than 70 per cent, of ammonium nitrate, not more 
 than 5 per cent, of flour or potato meal, and not more than 
 15 per cent, of aromatic nitro- and dinitro-compounds. It 
 may also contain neutral salts. 
 
 TEUTONITE was a name given occasionally to White 
 Gunpowder (q. v.). 
 
96 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 THAMES POWDER is a coal-mine explosive on the 
 Permitted List made by the British Explosives Syndicate, 
 Ltd. 
 
 No. 2. 
 Date of Permit .... 22-6-14 28-1-15 
 
 Nitroglycerine 6*5 10 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 55 59 l 
 
 Potassium nitrate 10 
 
 Wood meal . 4*5 10 
 
 Starch . 5 
 
 Ammonium oxalate 19 
 
 Sodium chloride 21 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 32 
 
 2'78 
 
 22 
 
 2'59" 
 
 THERMIT is not an explosive, although in some respects 
 it resembles one. It generally consists of a mixture of 
 about three parts oxide of iron with one part of aluminium 
 powder, but other oxides and other metals are sometimes 
 used. When initiated by strong heat in one place a reaction 
 sets in with -great evolution of heat and the formation of a 
 white-hot mass of molten iron and slag. It differs from an 
 explosive in that no gas is formed and the reaction is 
 comparatively slow. It is used for filling incendiary bombs 
 and for many industrial purposes. 
 
 THORNIT. A German blasting explosive consisting of 
 ammonium nitrate and vegetable meal. It may also contain 
 animal or vegetable fats. 
 
 TITANITE. A coal-mine explosive manufactured in 
 Hungary. A variety of it was on the old British Permitted 
 List " 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . . 87 
 
 Trinitro-toluene ..... 7 
 Curcuma charcoal ..... 6 
 
 Other varieties containing a smaller percentage of am- 
 monium nitrate have been used for general blasting. 
 
 1 Including not more than 2 per cent, of magnesium carbonate. 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 97 
 
 T.N.T. stands for trinitro-toluene or trotyl. 
 TOLITE stands for trinitro-toluene. 
 
 TONITE, or Cotton Powder, is a blasting explosive 
 which was much used at one time. It consists of gun- 
 cotton mixed with a nitrate and compressed into blocks or 
 cylinders, but a small percentage of a nitro-compound has 
 sometimes been added. A Belgian Tonite had the com- 
 position 
 
 Guncotton . . . . . .53*0 
 
 Barium nitrate . . . . .37*6 
 
 Sodium nitrate . . . . .9*4 
 
 That made by the Cotton Powder Co. consists of 
 
 Guncotton . . . . . .50 
 
 Barium nitrate . . . . .50 
 
 TOXOL is a high explosive, a mixture of trinitro-xylene 
 and trinitro-toluene. 
 
 TREMONIT is a German coal-mine explosive containing 
 gelatinised dinitro-glycerine, e. g. 
 
 Tremonit S II. 
 
 Dinitro-glycerine 
 Collodion cotton 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Pea flour 
 Sodium chloride 
 
 33 
 
 1 
 
 2'5 
 26'5 
 12 
 25 
 
 Ammon-Tremonit or Gesteins-Tremonit contains a con- 
 siderable proportion of ammonium nitrate. 
 
 Gesteins-Tremonit V. contains also up to 10 per cent, of 
 potassium perchlorate, and is similar to Astralit V. 
 
 TRINOL. A name for trinitro-toluene. 
 
 TRIPLASTIT was a plastic high explosive obtained 
 by gelatinising a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of nitro- 
 
98 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 toluenes with collodion cotton and mixing it with lead 
 nitrates, e. g. 
 
 Nitro-toluenes . . . . .70 
 Collodion cotton . . . . .1*2 
 Lead nitrate 28 '8 
 
 It was intended for filling shell, etc. 
 
 *TROISDORF SMOKELESS POWDER became pro- 
 minent in England in 1897 in connection with Mannlicher 
 cartridges for the Bisley long-range competitions. It was 
 occasionally recorded as Pigou Wilkes Powder, as that firm 
 were agents for it. The following are analyses of samples 
 taken in 1898 (" Arms and Explosives," 1917, p. 90) 
 
 Shot-gun Rifle 
 Powder. Powder. 
 
 Nitrocellulose, insoluble . . 24*9 T5 
 
 soluble . . . 61'7 96'5 
 
 Starch, agar and dye . . . 11 '5 
 
 Moisture 1'9 2'0 
 
 The shot-gun powder was a fibrous bulk powder, and the 
 charge for a 12-bore cartridge was 33 grains. The rifle 
 powder was gelatinised. 
 
 TROJAN GOAL POWDER is an American coal-mine 
 explosive on the Permissible List. It contains nitro-starch. 
 
 TROTYL is a name for trinitro-toluene. 
 
 TUNNELIT is a German safety explosive containing 
 ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, not more than 10 per 
 cent, of trinitro-toluene (or not more than 6 per cent, together 
 with not more than 2 per cent, of neutral liquid trinitro- 
 toluene), not more than 20 per cent, of dinitro-chlorhydrin, 
 not more than 5 per cent, of nitroglycerine, not more than 
 1 per cent, of collodion cotton, and carbohydrates. 
 
 TUNNELITE is an American coal-mine explosive on 
 the Permissible List. Brands AA, B and C are ammonium 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 99 
 
 nitrate explosives, whereas numbers 8 to 8, 6LF and 8LF 
 are nitroglycerine explosives. 
 
 TURPINITE. See PANGLASTITE. 
 
 TUTOL. A coal-mine explosive made by the West- 
 phalia Anhalt Explosives Co. in Germany. It was on 
 the old Permitted List. A variation of it, No. 2, was for a 
 time on the new List, but it was repealed in Nov. 1916. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 39'8 
 
 36-3 
 
 
 
 9'5 
 
 0'2 
 
 0'2 
 
 
 
 22 o 
 2'1 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Potassium nitrate 
 Barium nitrate 
 Sodium nitrate 
 Wood meal . 
 Sodium chloride 
 Sodium bicarbonate 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 UPLEES POWDER. A coal-mine explosive of the 
 Grisounite type made by the Cotton Powder Co. It 
 was for a time on the Permitted List but was repealed 
 in 1914. 
 
 VELOX GELATINE. A blasting explosive for hard 
 rock made by the British South African Explosives Co. 
 It contains less nitroglycerine than blasting gelatine, and is 
 intended to husband stocks of glycerine (" Arms and Explo- 
 sives," 1916, p. 81). 
 
 Gelatine VENDER is a Swiss explosive consisting of 
 dinitro-acetin gelatinised with a little collodion cotton and 
 mixed with ammonium nitrate. 
 
 VICTOR POWDER was a coal-mine explosive made by 
 Nobel's Explosives Co. There were two varieties at one time 
 on the Permitted List 
 
100 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 No. 2. 
 Date of Permit .... 13-5-14 16-1-15 
 
 Ammonium nitrate .... 68 67 
 Potassium chloride . . . .14*5 
 
 Sodium chloride . . . . 15 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . 8 f 5 9 
 
 Wood meal ..... 9 9 
 
 Limit charge . . . . .18 16 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) . 2 '96" 2-63" 
 
 VIGTORITE. A coal-mine explosive of the Carbonite 
 type made by Nobel's Explosives Co. It was on the old 
 Permitted List. 
 
 VIEILLE POWDER. See Poudre B. 
 VIGORIT. See MONAGHIT. 
 
 VIGORITE is a name that has been given to several 
 explosives in the past. One of these, manufactured in 
 California in the 'seventies of the last century, contained 
 potassium chlorate and nitroglycerine, and consequently was 
 decidedly dangerous. It gave rise to a serious accident on 
 the Grand Trunk Railway. 
 
 The Atlas Powder Co. in America manufacture a 
 series of coal-mine explosives under this name. They are 
 nitroglycerine explosives. 
 
 VIKING POWDER is a coal-mine explosive made by 
 Nobel's Explosives Co. There are two varieties on 
 the Permitted List 
 
 No. 1. No. 2. 
 
 Date of Permit .... 15-1-15 15-1-16 
 
 Ammonium nitrate ... 59 67 
 
 Nitroglycerine . . . .10 8*5 
 
 Wood meal 10 8'5 
 
 Sodium chloride . . . .20 15 
 Magnesium carbonate ... 1 1 
 
 Limit charge . . . . .26 18 oz. 
 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) . 2'44" 2-59" 
 
 This explosive is used extensively. 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 101 
 
 VIRITE. A coal-mine explosive made by the Nitrate 
 Explosives Co. which was on the old Permitted 
 List- 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . .88 
 Potassium nitrate . . . . .85*5 
 Sulphur ...... 4*5 
 
 Charcoal 11-5 
 
 Ammonium oxalate .... 10'5 
 
 There have been other explosives of the same name. 
 
 VULCAN POWDER is a brand of American dynamite. 
 W.A. See Lafflin and Rand. 
 
 WALLONITE. A Belgian blasting and coal-mine Ex- 
 plosive 
 
 II. in. 
 
 Ammonium nitrate . . . 90 70 70 
 Sodium nitrate . . . . 20 25 
 Nitrated resin .... 10 10 5 
 
 Charge limite . . . . 50 125 600 g. 
 
 *WALSRODE SHOT-GUN POWDER was a gelatin- 
 ised 28-grain dense powder, which the German makers 
 endeavoured to introduce into England in the 'nineties, but 
 it gave high pressures. A powder of this name is still used 
 in Germany, however, but it is a 85-grain powder in the 
 form of small grains, greyish white and greyish green in 
 colour. 
 
 WALSRODE SICHERHEITS-SPRENGSTOFF is a 
 
 German coal-mine explosive containing ammonium nitrate, 
 trinitro-toluene, flour, and a little guncotton and sometimes 
 sodium chloride. 
 
 Wetter- Walsrode is also an ammonium nitrate explosive. 
 It contains no guncotton but may contain potassium 
 nitrate, sodium chloride, naphthalene, and various other 
 substances. 
 
102 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 WESTFALITE is a coal-mine explosive which is made 
 in Germany and England. The German explosives vary 
 much in composition, and some of them are intended for 
 ordinary blasting. Some of those recently introduced con- 
 tain up to 10 per cent, of potassium perchlorate. Originally 
 Westfalite was made by milling ammonium nitrate with an 
 alcoholic solution of gum lac, but later the use of the gum 
 was abandoned. 
 
 British Westfalite, Ltd., had two mixtures on the old 
 Permitted List 
 
 No. 1. No. 2. 
 
 Ammonium nitrate .... 95 91 
 
 Potassium nitrate .... 4 
 
 Resin ...... 5 5 
 
 That formerly on the Permitted List differed considerably 
 from the above 
 
 Weatfalite No. 3. 
 Date of Permit ... . 1-9-13 
 
 Ammonium nitrate 60 
 
 Potassium nitrate . 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Ammonium chloride 
 
 Limit charge .... 
 Power (swing of ballistic pendulum) 
 
 14 
 
 5 
 
 21 
 
 12 oz. 
 2-55" 
 
 WETTERDYNAMIT is a name that has been given in 
 Germany to various coal-mine explosives containing nitro- 
 glycerine. 
 
 WETTER-DYNAMMON. See DYNAMMON. 
 
 *WETTEREN. A gelatinised rifle smokeless powder 
 made by the Cooppal Co. of Belgium. The following 
 analyses were given in "Arms and Explosives," 1917, 
 p. 91 
 
DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 103 
 
 Date of Sample . . .1892 1893 
 
 Nitrocellulose, insoluble . 16'0 57 '3 
 
 Nitroglycerine 
 Shellac 
 Charcoal 
 Moisture 
 
 soluble 
 
 46-2 37-6 
 
 27'3 
 
 3'5 
 
 9-0 
 
 1-5 1'6 
 
 WHITE GUNPOWDER is a mixture of 
 
 Potassium chlorate . . . .50 
 Potassium ferrocyanide . . . .25 
 Sugar 25 
 
 It is not produced commercially, and, indeed, is too sensitive, 
 but it is sometimes made in the laboratory. It has also been 
 called Angendre's powder, White German powder, American 
 powder, and Baron and Cau vet's powder. 
 
 WILHELMIT is a German blasting explosive of the 
 Cheddite type. It consists of sodium or potassium chlorate 
 hydrocarbon oil with a flash point not below 30 C., and 
 carbohydrates. For use in coal mines neutral salts are 
 added. It was introduced during the War. 
 
 WITHNELL POWDER. A coal-mine explosive of the 
 Grisounite type made by the Lancashire Explosives Co., 
 which was on the old Permitted List 
 
 Ammonium nitrate .... 89*5 
 
 Trinitro -toluene 5 
 
 Flour 5-5 
 
 WITTENBERGER WETTERDYNAMIT. See SALIT. 
 
 XPDITE is an American coal-mine explosive on the 
 Permissible List. It is made by the Hercules Powder 
 Co., and contains nitroglycerine. 
 
 YONGKITE. A Belgian ammonium perchlorate ex- 
 plosive. The composition has been varied somewhat, and 
 
104 
 
 DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES 
 
 one formula, No. 10, is on the list of Explosifs S.G.P., and 
 consequently is permitted for use in Belgian coal mines. 
 No. 1 is a more powerful explosive used for general blasting. 
 
 Ammonium perchlorate 
 Ammonium nitrate 
 Sodium nitrate 
 Barium nitrate 
 Trinitro-toluene 
 Sodium chloride 
 
 Charge limite . 
 ZELTIT. See Celtite. 
 
 No. 10. 
 25 
 30 
 15 
 
 10 
 20 
 
 . 900 g. 
 
 I. 
 20 
 27 
 27 
 
 6 
 20 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 ACID, Nitric. 
 Hellhofite. 
 Sprengel Explosives, 
 
 Acid, Picric. See Picric Acid. 
 
 Agar. 
 
 Amasite, 
 
 Troisdorf Smokeless Powder. 
 
 Albumen. 
 Plessit, 
 
 Alcohol, Amyl. 
 B, 
 
 Alum, Chromium Ammonium. 
 Chromamonit, 
 
 Aluminium, 
 Alsilite, 
 Alumatol. 
 Ammonal. 
 Donarit A, 
 Echo. 
 Lignosit, 
 Perrumpit. 
 St. Helen's Powder, 
 Telsit, 
 Thermit. 
 
 Ammonium Nitrate, Chloride, etc. See Nitrate, Chloride, etc. 
 
 Ammonium Nitrocresol-sulphonate. 
 Raschit. 
 
 105 
 
106 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Amyl Alcohol. 
 B. 
 
 Aniline. 
 Filite. 
 
 Aniline Hydrochloride. 
 Progressit. 
 
 Antimony Sulphide. 
 
 Flobert Ammunition, 
 
 Aromatic Nitro-compounds. See Nitro-compounds. 
 
 Barium Nitrate, etc. See Nitrate, etc. 
 
 Bark. 
 
 Cahuecit. 
 
 Bauxite. 
 
 Lignosit. 
 
 Bicarbonate, Sodium. 
 C. S. P. 
 Tutol. 
 
 Bichromate, Ammonium. 
 J. 
 
 Bichromate, Potassium. 
 Ammonal. 
 Dahmenite. 
 J. 
 Petroklastit. 
 
 Bisulphide, Carbon. 
 Panclastite. 
 Sprengel Explosives. 
 
 Borax, 
 
 Haylite, 
 Rippite. 
 Samsonite. 
 
 Bran. 
 
 Forcite. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 107 
 
 Briquette Powder. 
 Loewenpulver. 
 
 Calcium Silicide 
 Sabulite. 
 
 Camphor, 
 
 E. C. Powder. 
 
 Herculite. 
 
 M. 
 
 Rottweil Smokeless Powder. 
 
 Carbohydrates. See also Cellulose, Flour, Starch, Vegetable 
 
 Meal, Wood Meal. 
 Albit. 
 Alkalsit. 
 Chloratzite. 
 Foerdit. 
 Gesilit. 
 Tunnelit. 
 Wilhelmit. 
 
 Carbon Bisulphide. 
 Panclastite. 
 Sprengel Explosives. 
 
 Carbonaceous Substances. 
 Nobelit, 
 
 Carbonate, Calcium. 
 Blasting Gelatine. 
 Cambrite. 
 Carbonite. 
 Clydite. 
 Dynamite. 
 Gelatine Dynamite. 
 Gelignite. 
 Kynite. 
 Pit-ite. 
 Russelite. 
 
108 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Carbonate, Magnesium, See also Magnesite. 
 Blasting Gelatine. 
 Dynobel. 
 
 Gelatine Dynamite. 
 Monobel. 
 Oaklite. 
 Stomonal, 
 Thames Powder. 
 Viking Powder. 
 
 Carbonate, Sodium. 
 Britonite, 
 Carbonite, 
 Clydite. 
 
 Forcite Antigrisouteuse. 
 Lignosit, 
 Minite, 
 Pit-ite, 
 Rhexit. 
 
 Cellulose, 
 Antigel. 
 Colinit, 
 Flammivore. 
 Grisoutite, 
 
 Cellulose Residue. 
 Raschit. 
 
 Chalk, French. 
 Nitro-Densite. 
 
 Charcoal, 
 
 Amide Powder. 
 
 Ammonal. 
 
 Ammoniakkrut. 
 
 Ammonpulver. 
 
 Neu Anagon. 
 
 Aphosite, 
 
 Astralit. 
 
 Bavarit. 
 
 Black Powder. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 109 
 
 Charcoal (continued) 
 Bobbinite. 
 Bomlit. 
 Cannonite. 
 Denaby Powder. 
 Detonit. 
 Dragonite. 
 Fulmenit. 
 Hebler Powder. 
 Lithofracteur. 
 M.B. Powder. 
 Monachit. 
 Normanite. 
 Perchlorit. 
 Praeposit. 
 Pulverin. 
 Rhenanit. 
 
 Smokeless Diamond. 
 Virite. 
 Wetteren. 
 
 Charcoal, Cork. 
 
 Carbo-Dynamite. 
 Oxyliquit. 
 
 Charcoal, Curcuma. 
 Titanite. 
 
 Charcoal, Red. 
 Dynammon. 
 
 Charcoal, Straw. 
 Cocoa Powder. 
 
 Chlorate, Potassium. 
 Albit. 
 Alkalsit. 
 Barbarit. 
 Cheddite. 
 Chloratzite. 
 Flobert Ammunition. 
 Hassia-Chlorat. 
 
110 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Chlorate, Potassium (continued) 
 Himalayite. 
 Kinetit. 
 Kiwit. 
 Koronit. 
 L. C. Pulver. 
 Mercurit. 
 Miedziankit. 
 Mitchellite. 
 Naphthalit. 
 O. 
 
 Petrolit. 
 Pierrite. 
 Plessit. 
 Promethee. 
 Rack-a-Rock. 
 Rivalit (Chlorat-). 
 Sebomite. 
 Silesia. 
 
 Sprengel Explosives. 
 Steelite. 
 Vigorite. 
 
 White Gunpowder. 
 Wilhelmit. 
 
 Chlorate, Sodium. 
 Albit. 
 Alkalsit. 
 Cheddite. 
 Kiwit. 
 Koronit. 
 O. 
 Wilhelmit. 
 
 Chloride, Ammonium. 
 Anchorite. 
 Cornil. 
 
 Curtisite (Super-). 
 Denaby Powder. 
 Densite, 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS ill 
 
 Chloride, Ammonium (continued) 
 Dreadnought Powder. 
 Essex Powder. 
 Excellite (Super-). 
 Expedite. 
 
 Faversham Powder. 
 Favier Explosive. 
 Fortex (New). 
 Fractorite. 
 Fumyl. 
 Kentite. 
 Mersey Powder. 
 Romperit. 
 Sabulite. 
 Westfalite. 
 
 Chloride, Potassium. 
 Ammonite. 
 Astralit. 
 Cambrite. 
 
 Carbonite (Ammon-). 
 Dahmenite. 
 Dominite. 
 
 Dynamit (Gallerte-). 
 Elsagit. 
 Foerdit. 
 
 Gehlingerit (Wetter-). 
 Monachit. 
 Monobel. 
 Naphthalit. 
 Nationalite. 
 Nobelit. 
 Pannonit. 
 Rippite. 
 Samsonite. 
 Victor Powder. 
 
 Chloride, Sodium. 
 Abbcite. 
 Abelite. 
 
112 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Chloride, Sodium (continued) 
 Alsilite. 
 Ammonite. 
 Astralit. 
 Bellite. 
 Britonite. 
 
 Carbonite (Ammon-). 
 Cliffite (Super-). 
 Cosilit. 
 Dahmenite. 
 Donarit (Wetter-). 
 Dorfit. 
 
 Dreadnought Powder. 
 Du Pont Permissible. 
 Dynobel. 
 Elsagit. 
 
 Excellite (Super-). 
 Favier Explosives. 
 Foerdit. 
 Fulmenit. 
 
 Gehlingerit (Wetter-). 
 Gesilit. 
 Glueckauf. 
 Haylite. 
 Kiwit. 
 Koronit 
 Leonit. 
 Lignosit. 
 Miedziankit. 
 Monarkite. 
 Monobel. 
 Naphthalit. 
 Nationalite. 
 Negro Powder. 
 Nobelit. 
 Orkanit. 
 Pannonit. 
 Permon Powder. 
 Perrumpit. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 113 
 
 Chloride, Sodium (continued) 
 Pfazit. 
 Plessit. 
 Pulve~rite. 
 Rex Powder. 
 Rhenanit. 
 Roburite. 
 Romperit. 
 Salit. 
 
 Samsonite. 
 Seamex. 
 Siegenit. 
 Silesia. 
 Stomonal. 
 Syndite. 
 
 Thames Powder. 
 Tremonit. 
 Tutol. 
 
 Victor Powder. 
 Viking Powder. 
 
 Walsrode Sicherheits-Sprengstoff. 
 Yonckite. 
 
 Chlor-Naphthalenes. 
 Am vis. 
 Roburite. 
 
 Chromate, Lead. 
 Cornil. 
 Halakite. 
 
 Chromium Ammonium Alum. 
 Chromamonit. 
 
 Coal. 
 
 Alkalsit. 
 Ammoniakkrut. 
 Carbonite (Ammon-). 
 Judson Powder. 
 Koronit. 
 
 Lithofracteur. 
 8 
 
114 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Coal (continued) 
 Loewenpulver. 
 Sprengsalpeter. 
 
 Coke. 
 
 Dahmenit. 
 
 Collodion Cotton. See Nitro-cotton. 
 
 Copper Nitrate Ammonia. 
 Glueekauf, 
 
 Copper Nitrate Aniline. 
 Anilit. 
 
 Copper Sulphate Aniline. 
 
 Anilit, 
 
 "^ 
 
 Cork Charcoal. See Charcoal. 
 
 Cresylate, Ammonium. 
 C. 
 Ecrasite. 
 
 Curcuma Meal. 
 Dahmenit. 
 
 Curcuma Charcoal. 
 Titanite. 
 
 Dextrin. 
 
 Dynamit (Sicherheits-). 
 
 Flammivore. 
 
 Foerdit. 
 
 Gesilit. 
 
 Pannonit. 
 
 Salit. 
 
 Dimethyl-diphenyl-urea. 
 Centralite. 
 
 Dinitro-acetin. 
 Vender. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 115 
 
 Dinitro-benzene. 
 Abelite. 
 Amvis. 
 Bellite. 
 Cannonite. 
 Dahmenit. 
 Denaby Powder. 
 Dynobel. 
 Gathurst Powder. 
 Glueckauf. 
 Good Luck. 
 Granatfuellung. 
 Hellhofite. 
 Odite. 
 Roburite. 
 Securite. 
 
 Dinitro-chlorhydrin. 
 Astralit. 
 Donarit. 
 Helit. 
 Perilit. 
 Prosperit. 
 Tunnelit. 
 
 Dinitro-glycerine. 
 Dahmenite. 
 Tremonit. 
 
 Dinitro-glycol. 
 Gelignite. 
 
 Dinitro-naphthalene. 
 Ammonite. 
 Astralit. 
 Cornil. 
 
 Favier Explosives. 
 Fractorite, 
 Kiwit. 
 Minolite. 
 Schneiderite. 
 
116 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Dinitrophenol. 
 Shellite. 
 
 Dinitro-toluene. 
 Abbcite. 
 Ajax Powder. 
 Antigel. 
 Astralit. 
 Blastine. 
 Cheddite. 
 Densite. 
 Dominit. 
 Dynobel. 
 Erin Gelignite. 
 Excellite. 
 Flammivore. 
 Gelignite. 
 Gesilit. 
 Halalite. 
 Kiwit. 
 Kynarkite 
 Leonit. 
 Nationalite. 
 Neonal. 
 Perdit. 
 Salit. 
 Siegenit. 
 
 Diphenylamine. 
 B. 
 
 Filite. 
 
 Foerdit (Ammon-). 
 N. C. T. 
 Rottweil Smokeless Powder. 
 
 Fat. See also Tallow. 
 Aerolit. 
 Thornit. 
 
 Fat, Vegetable. 
 Thornit. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 117 
 
 Fatty Acid Salt. 
 
 Dynamit (Wettersicheres-). 
 
 Ferrocyanide, Potassium. 
 Cannonite. 
 White Gunpowder. 
 
 Ferro-Silicon. 
 Echo. 
 
 Ferro-Silicon- Aluminium. 
 Alsilite. 
 
 Flour. See also Meal. 
 Alkalsit. 
 
 Carbonite (Ammon-). 
 Colinit. 
 Dorfit. 
 
 Dynamit (Wettersicheres-). 
 Foerdit. 
 Fractorite. 
 Gehlingerit. 
 Helagon. 
 Helit. 
 Minite. 
 Monachit. 
 Naphthalit. 
 Perilit. 
 Pulverite. 
 Roburite. 
 Romperit. 
 Securophore. 
 Siegenit. 
 Teutonit. 
 
 Walsrode Sicherheits-Sf. 
 Withnell Powder. 
 
 Flour, Pea, 
 Gesilit. 
 
 Flour, Roasted. 
 Aetna Powder. 
 
118 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Flour, Rye. 
 Donarit. 
 Flammivore. 
 Forcite Antigrisouteuse. 
 Tremonit. 
 
 Flour, Wheat. 
 
 Essex Powder. 
 Ligdyn. 
 Seamex. 
 Stomonal. 
 
 French Chalk. 
 Nitro-Densite. 
 
 Fulminate, Mercury. 
 
 Flobert Ammunition. 
 
 Gelatine. 
 
 Dynamit (Wettersicheres- 
 
 Glycerine. 
 Dominit. 
 
 Dynamit (Sicherheits-). 
 Foerdit. 
 Halakite. 
 Pannonit, 
 Permon Powder. 
 Plastammon. 
 Romperit. 
 Syndite. 
 
 Graphite. 
 
 Negro Powder. 
 Nitrokol. 
 Perrumpit. 
 T. 
 
 Gum. 
 
 Dorfit (Per-). 
 T. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 119 
 
 Gum Lac. 
 
 Westfalite. 
 
 Guncotton. 
 Axite. 
 Bomlit. 
 Cordite. 
 C. P. 
 C. S. P. 
 Fulmenit. 
 Indurite. 
 Kiwit. 
 
 Lafflin and Rand. 
 S, 
 
 Sengite. 
 T. 
 
 Tonite. 
 Walsrode Sicherheits-Sprengstoff. 
 
 Hexanitro-diphenylamine. 
 Hexanitro-diphenyl Sulphide. 
 Granatfuellung. 
 
 Hipposin. 
 Praeposit. 
 
 Hydrocarbons. See also Mineral Jelly, Vaseline, Naphthalene, 
 
 Oils, Paraffin Wax and Turpentine. 
 Alkalsit. 
 Astralit. 
 Bomlit. 
 
 Dynamit ( Wetter sicheres-). 
 Koronit. 
 Naphthalit. 
 Persalit. 
 Prom6thee. 
 Rack-a-Rock. 
 Rexol. 
 
 Sprengel Explosives 
 Wilhelmit. 
 
120 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Inert Substances. See also Chlorides, Neutral Substances, 
 
 Oxalates, etc. 
 Koronit. 
 
 Iron Oxide. 
 
 Rack-a-Rock. 
 Thermit. 
 
 Ivory, Vegetable. 
 Meganit. 
 
 Kerosine. See Oil, Kerosine. 
 
 Kieselguhr. 
 Dynamite. 
 Giant Powder. 
 Lithofracteur. 
 Oxyliquit. 
 
 Lac. See Gum Lac, Shellac. 
 
 Lampblack. 
 Cahuecit. 
 Cannonite. 
 
 Lead Nitrate, Chromate. See Nitrate, Chromate. 
 
 Magnesia. 
 Forcite. 
 
 Magnesite. 
 Romperit. 
 
 Magnesium. 
 Ophorite. 
 
 Magnesium Carbonate. See Carbonate. 
 Manganese Dioxide. See Oxide. 
 
 Meal, Curcuma. 
 Dahmenite. 
 
 Meal, Potato. 
 Astralit. 
 Helagon. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 121 
 
 Meal, Potato (continued) 
 Helit. 
 
 Permon Powder. 
 Romperit. 
 Teutonit. 
 
 Meal, Sago. 
 Aerolit. 
 
 Meal, Vegetable. See also Flour, Starch, Wood Meal, etc. 
 Albit. 
 Astralit. 
 
 Cahuecit (Ammon-). 
 Cosilit. 
 Dahmenite. 
 Detonit. 
 Dominit, 
 Donarit. 
 Dorfit. 
 
 Dynamit (Sicherheits-). 
 Elsagit. 
 
 Foerder Sicherheits-Sprengstoff, 
 Foerdit. 
 Fulmenit. 
 Glueckauf. 
 Halalite. 
 Hammonit. 
 Kiwit. 
 Koronit. 
 Leonit. 
 Monachit. 
 Perchlorit. 
 Perrumpit. 
 Persalit. 
 Pfalzit. 
 Prosperit. 
 Rhenanit. 
 Rivalit. 
 Thornit. 
 Tremonit. 
 
122 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Mercury Fulminate. 
 
 FJobert Ammunition. 
 
 Mineral Jelly, See also Vaseline. 
 Axite. 
 Ballistite. 
 C. S. P. 
 Cordite. 
 
 Gelatine Dynamite. 
 Haylite. 
 Moddite. 
 Monarkite. 
 Solenite. 
 
 Myrobalans. 
 Amasite. 
 
 Naphthalene. 
 Bomlit, 
 Dahmenite. 
 Kiwit. 
 Koronit, 
 Naphthalit. 
 Rhenanit, 
 Walsrode Sicherheits-Sprengstoff. 
 
 Neutral Substances. See also Inert Substances and Salts, 
 Helagon. 
 Helit. 
 
 Nitrate, Ammonium. 
 Abbcite. 
 Abelite. 
 Aerolit. 
 
 Aetna Coal Powder. 
 Alkalsit. 
 Alsilite, 
 Alumatol. 
 Amatol. 
 Amatoxol. 
 Amide Powder. 
 Ammonal. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 123 
 
 Nitrate, Ammonium (continued) 
 Ammoniakkrut. 
 Ammonite. 
 Ammonpulver. 
 Am vis. 
 Neu Anagon. 
 Anchorite. 
 Anilit. 
 Aphosite. 
 Astralit. 
 Baelenite. 
 
 Bautzener Sicherheitspulver. 
 Bavarit. 
 Bellite, 
 
 Bental Coal Powder. 
 Bituminite, 
 Black Diamond. 
 Bomlit. 
 C. 
 
 Cahuecit. 
 
 Cameron Mine Powder. 
 Carbonite (Ammon-). 
 Chromamonit. 
 Cilferite, 
 Clifflte (Super-). 
 Coalite. 
 Colinit. 
 
 Collier Powder. 
 Cornil. 
 Cronite. 
 Cugnite. 
 Curtisite. 
 Dahmenite. 
 Denaby Powder. 
 Densite. 
 Detonit. 
 
 Detonite Special. 
 Dominit. 
 Donarite. 
 
124 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Nitrate, Ammonium (continued) 
 Dorfit. 
 
 Dreadnought Powder. 
 Du Pont Permissible. 
 Dynamite. 
 Dynammon. 
 Dynobel. 
 Echo. 
 
 Electronite. 
 Elsagit. 
 Excellite. 
 Expedite. 
 Extra Dynamite. 
 Faversham Powder. 
 Favier Explosives, 
 Flammivore, 
 
 Feeder Sicherheitssprengstoff. 
 Foerdit. 
 Forcite, 
 Fortex. 
 Fractorite. 
 Fuel-ite. 
 Fuellpulver. 
 Fulmenit. 
 Gathurst Powder. 
 Gehlingerit. 
 
 Gelatin6 a PAmmoniaque. 
 Gesilit. 
 
 Giant Coal Mine Powder. 
 Giant Powder (Extra). 
 Glueckauf. 
 Good Luck. 
 Grisoutine. 
 Guardian. 
 Halalite. 
 Hammonit. 
 Haylite. 
 Hebler Powder. 
 Hecla No. 2. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 125 
 
 Nitrate, Ammonium (continued) 
 Kanite. 
 Kentite. 
 Leonit. 
 Lignosit. 
 Lowinite. 
 Luxit. 
 
 Melling Powder. 
 Mersey Powder. 
 Miner's Friend. 
 Minite. 
 Min-ite. 
 Minolite. 
 Monachit. 
 Monarkite. 
 Monobel. 
 Monobel Powder. 
 Nationalite. 
 Negro Powder. 
 Nitrolit. 
 
 Nobel Ammonia Powder. 
 Nobelit. 
 
 Oakley Quarry Powder. 
 Oaklite. 
 Odite. 
 Pannonit. 
 Pastanil. 
 Perchlorit. 
 Perdit. 
 
 Permon Powder. 
 Permonite. 
 Perrumpit. 
 Persalit. 
 Pfalzit. 
 Picramite. 
 Pitsea Powder. 
 Pniowit. 
 Progressit. 
 Prosperit. 
 
126 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Nitrate, Ammonium (continued) 
 Pulv6rite. 
 Raschit. 
 RedH. 
 Rex Powder. 
 Rexite. 
 Rhenanit. 
 Rivalit. 
 Roburite. 
 Romperit. 
 Sabulite. 
 
 St. Helen's Powder. 
 Salit. 
 Schlesit. 
 Schneiderite. 
 Seamex. 
 Securite. 
 Siegenit. 
 
 Stanford Powder. 
 Stomonal. 
 Sunderite. 
 Superite. 
 Syndite. 
 Telsit. 
 Teutonit. 
 Thames Powder. 
 Thornit. 
 Titanite. 
 Tremonit. 
 Tunnelit. 
 Tunnelite. 
 Uplees Powder. 
 Vender, 
 Victor Powder. 
 Viking Powder. 
 Virite. 
 Wallonite. 
 
 Walsrode Sicherheits-Sprengstoff. 
 Westfalite. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 127 
 
 Nitrate Ammonium (continued) 
 Withnell Powder. 
 Yonckite. 
 
 Nitrate, Barium. 
 Amberite. 
 Baratol. 
 
 Bautzener Sicherheits-Sprengstoff. 
 Cambrite. 
 Cannonite. 
 Carbonite. 
 Clydite. 
 
 Denaby Powder. 
 Electronite. 
 Flammivore. 
 Forcite. 
 Gelignite. 
 Halakite. 
 Haylite. 
 Kolax. 
 Kynarkite. 
 Kynite. 
 M. 
 
 Nitro-Densite. 
 Pit-ite. 
 S. 
 
 Tonite. 
 Tutol. 
 Yonckite. 
 
 Nitrate, Lead. 
 Halakite. 
 Macarite. 
 Minolite. 
 Triplastit. 
 
 Nitrate, Potassium. 
 Aerolit. 
 Albionite. 
 Amberite. 
 
128 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Nitrate, Potassium (continued) 
 Amide Powder. 
 Aphosite. 
 Arkite. 
 Astralit. 
 Axite. 
 
 Black Powder. 
 Bobbinite. 
 Bomlit. 
 Britonite. 
 Brugere's Powder. 
 Cahuecit. 
 Cambrite. 
 Cannonite. 
 Carbite d'Ablon. 
 Carbonite. 
 Celtite. 
 
 Chromamonite. 
 Cocoa Powder. 
 Cornil. 
 
 Cornish Powder. 
 Curtisite (Super-). 
 Dahmenite. 
 Denaby Powder. 
 Densite. 
 Dominit. 
 Dorfit. 
 Dragonite. 
 Dynamite. 
 Dynammon. 
 Elsagit. 
 Essex Powder. 
 Excellite (Super-). 
 Expedite. 
 
 Faversham Powder. 
 Favier Explosives. 
 Flammivore. 
 Forcite. 
 Fortex (New). 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 129 
 
 Nitrate, Potassium (continued) 
 Fracturite. 
 Gelatine Dynamite. 
 Gelignite. 
 Giant Powder. 
 Glueckauf. 
 Grisoutine. 
 Hammonit. 
 Haylite. 
 Hebler Powder. 
 Herculite. 
 Kent Powder. 
 Kentite. 
 Kinetit. 
 Kolax. 
 Kynarkite. 
 Lignosit. 
 Loewenpulver. 
 M. 
 
 M.B. 
 Minite. 
 Monachit. 
 Normanite. 
 Oaklite. 
 Perilit. 
 Petroklastit. 
 Phoenix Powder. 
 Pitite. 
 
 Pitsea Powder. 
 Plastammon. 
 Praeposit. 
 Pulverin. 
 Rippite. 
 Roburite. 
 Romperit. 
 Russelite. 
 S. 
 
 Sabulite. 
 Samsonite. 
 9 
 
130 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Nitrate, Potassium (continued) 
 Saxonite. 
 Sheppey Powder. 
 Stonax. 
 Stow-ite. 
 Superite. 
 Swalite. 
 T. 
 
 Thames Powder. 
 Tutol. 
 Virite. 
 
 Walsrode Sicherheits-Sprengstoff. 
 Westfalite. 
 
 Nitrate, Sodium. 
 Aetna Powder. 
 Alkalsit. 
 Amasite. 
 Ammonite. 
 Anchorite. 
 Antigel. 
 Astralit. 
 Blastine. 
 Bomlit. 
 Britonite. 
 C. 
 
 Cahuecit. 
 Cornil. 
 Cosilit. 
 Cugnite. 
 Dahmenit. 
 Densite. 
 Donarit. 
 Dorfit (Per-). 
 Duxite. 
 Elsagit. 
 Forcite. 
 Fractorite. 
 Gelignite. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 131 
 
 Nitrate, Sodium (continued) 
 Gesilit. 
 
 Giant Powder. 
 Glueckauf. 
 Halalite. 
 Hammonit. 
 Haylite. 
 Judson Powder. 
 Leonit. 
 Ligdyn. 
 Loewenpulver. 
 Meganit. 
 Melanite. 
 Melling Powder. 
 Mersey Powder. 
 Minolite. 
 Monarkite. 
 Nobel Gelignite. 
 Permon Powder. 
 Perrumpit. 
 Persalit, 
 Petroklastit. 
 Pfalzit. 
 Praeposit. 
 Raschit. 
 Rexite. 
 Rhexit. 
 Samsonite. 
 Sengite. 
 Sprengsalpeter. 
 Stomonal. 
 Syndite. 
 Telsit. 
 Terris. 
 Tonite. 
 Tunnelit. 
 Tutol. 
 Wallonite. 
 Yonckite. 
 
132 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Nitrate, Strontium. 
 Densite. 
 
 Nitrates. 
 Alkalsit. 
 
 Cooppal's Powder. 
 Du Pont Smokeless Powder. 
 Dynamite. 
 E. C. Powder. 
 Eley Smokeless Powder. 
 Empire Powder. 
 Felixite. 
 Foerdit. 
 Gesilit. 
 Helagon. 
 Helit. 
 Henrite. 
 Koronit. 
 K. S. 
 
 Lithofracteur. 
 Neonite. 
 
 New Explosives Company's Smokeless Powder. 
 Nobelit. 
 Perilit. 
 Plastomenit. 
 Red Star. 
 Romperit. 
 
 Rottweil Smokeless Powder. 
 Ruby Powder. 
 Schlesit. 
 
 Schultze Powder. 
 Securophore. 
 Smokeless Diamond. 
 S. R., S. S. 
 
 Nitric Acid. See Acid, Nitric. 
 
 Nitric Oxide. 
 Panclastite. 
 Sprengel Explosives. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 133 
 
 Nitrobenzene. 
 Hellhofite. 
 Indurite. 
 Kinetit. 
 Panclastite. 
 Promethe"e. 
 Rack-a-Rock. 
 Sprengel Explosives. 
 
 Nitro-bodies. See Nitro-compounds. 
 
 Nitro-cellulose, See also Nitro-cotton. 
 Apyrite. 
 Cannonite. 
 Cooppal's Powder. 
 Crystal. 
 
 Du Pont Smokeless Powder. 
 Eley Smokeless Powder. 
 Fulmen Powder. 
 Henrite. 
 Ideal Powder. 
 Kinetit. 
 K. S. 
 
 Mischpulver. 
 Mullerite. 
 Neonite. 
 
 New Explosives Company's Smokeless Powder. 
 Nitrokol. 
 Normal Powder. 
 P.C. /88. 
 Plastomenit. 
 Primrose Smokeless. 
 Pyroxyline. 
 Red Star. 
 Rifleite. 
 
 Rottweil Smokeless Powder. 
 Ruby Powder. 
 Schultze Powder. 
 S. K., S. S., S. V. 
 Smokeless Diamond. 
 
134 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Nitrocellulose (continued) 
 
 Troisdorf Smokeless Powder. 
 Walsrode Shot-Gun Powder. 
 Wetteren Powder. 
 
 Nitro-compounds. See also Di-, Tri-, Tetra-, Hexa-nitro-, 
 Alkalsit. 
 Astralit. 
 
 Cahuecit (Ammon-). 
 Chloratzite. 
 Dominit. 
 Donarit. 
 Elsagit. 
 Felixite. 
 
 Foerder Sicherheits-SprengstofL 
 Foerdit, 
 Halalit. 
 Hammonit. 
 Helagon. 
 Helit. 
 Henrite. 
 Koronit. 
 K. S. 
 Leonit. 
 Lignosit. 
 Peragon. 
 Perchlorit. 
 Perilit. 
 Persalit. 
 Petrolit. 
 Plastammon. 
 Polarite. 
 Prosperit. 
 Red Star. 
 Rhenanit. 
 Rifleite. 
 Rivalit. 
 Romperit. 
 Ruby Powder. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 135 
 
 Nitro-compounds (continued) 
 Schlesit. 
 Sebomite. 
 S. S. 
 
 Stanford Powder. 
 Stonax. 
 Teutonit. 
 Tonite. 
 Tremonit. 
 Uplees Powder. 
 
 Nitro-cotton (including Collodion Cotton). See also Guncotton 
 
 and Nitro-cellulose. 
 Ajax Powder. 
 Albionite. 
 Alkalsit. 
 Amberite. 
 Arkite. 
 Astralit. 
 B. 
 
 Ballistite. 
 Blasting Gelatine. 
 Bomlit. 
 
 Cahuecit (Ammon-). 
 Carbonite. 
 Celtite, 
 
 Chromamonit. 
 Clermonite. 
 Clifflte. 
 Colinit. 
 
 Cornish Powder. 
 C. P. 
 Cugnite. 
 Dahmenite, 
 Denaby Powder. 
 Detonit. 
 Dominite. 
 Donarit. 
 Dragonite. 
 
136 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Nitro-cotton (continued) 
 Duxite. 
 
 Dynamite (Gelatine). 
 Dynobel. 
 E. C. Powder. 
 Echo. 
 Elsagit. 
 
 Empire Powder. 
 Essex Powder. 
 Excellite. 
 Felixite. 
 Filite. 
 
 Flammivore. 
 
 Foerder Sicherheitssprengstoff. 
 Foerdit. 
 Forcite. 
 Fracturite. 
 
 Gelatin6 a rAmmoniaque. 
 Gelatine Dynamite. 
 Gelignite. 
 Gesilit. 
 
 Giant Powder. 
 Grisoutine. 
 Halalite. 
 Haylite. 
 Herculite. 
 
 Hudson's Explosive. 
 J. 
 
 Kolax (Super-). 
 Koronit. 
 Leonit. 
 Lignosit. 
 M. 
 
 Melanite. 
 Moddite. 
 Monachit. 
 Monarkite. 
 Mullerite. 
 Naphthalit. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 137 
 
 Nitro -cotton (continued) 
 N. C. T. 
 Neonal. 
 Nitrolit. 
 Nobelit. 
 Normanite. 
 Oaklite. 
 Pannonit. 
 Permon Powder. 
 Permonite. 
 Pfalzit. 
 
 Phoenix Powder. 
 Plastrotyl. 
 Polarite. 
 Prosperit. 
 Pulverite. 
 Pyrocollodion. 
 Rhenanit. 
 Rippite. 
 Rivalit. 
 Romperit. 
 Russelite. 
 
 a 
 
 Salit. 
 
 Samsonite. 
 
 Saxonite. 
 
 Schlesit. 
 
 Solenite. 
 
 Stonax, 
 
 Stowite. 
 
 Swale Powder. 
 
 Swalite. 
 
 Syndite. 
 
 Telsit. 
 
 Territ. 
 
 Tremonit. 
 
 Triplastit. 
 
 Tunnelit. 
 
 Vender. 
 
138 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Nitroglycerine. 
 Abbcite. 
 Aetna Powder. 
 Aetna Coal Powder. 
 Ajax Powder, 
 Albionite. 
 Albit. 
 Amberite, 
 Ammoniakkrut. 
 Antigel. 
 Arkite. 
 Astralit. 
 Axite. 
 Ballistite. 
 Bituminite. 
 Black Diamond. 
 Blasting Gelatine. 
 Britonite. 
 Cambrite, 
 
 Cameron Mine Powder. 
 Carbite d'Ablon. 
 Carbo-dynamite. 
 Carbonite. 
 Celtite. 
 Clifflte. 
 Clydite. 
 Coalite, 
 Coal Special. 
 Colinit. 
 
 Collier Powder. 
 Cordite. 
 
 Cornish Powder. 
 Cosilit. 
 C. S. P, 
 Cugnite. 
 Detonit. 
 Dominite. 
 Donarit. 
 Dragonite. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 139 
 
 Nitroglycerine (continued) 
 Du Pont Permissible. 
 Duxite. 
 Dynamite, 
 Dynobel. 
 Elsagit. 
 Erin Gelignite. 
 Essex Powder. 
 Eureka. 
 Excellite. 
 Filite. 
 
 Flammivore. 
 
 Foerder Sicherheitssprengstoff, 
 Foerdit, 
 Forcite. 
 
 Fort Pitt Mine Powder. 
 Fractorite. 
 Fracturite. 
 Fuel-ite. 
 
 Gehlingerit (Wetter-), 
 Gelatin6 a l'Ammoniaque. 
 Gelatine Dynamite. 
 Gelignite. 
 Gesilit; 
 
 Giant Coal-Mine Powder. 
 Giant Powder. 
 Glonoine. 
 Grisoutine, 
 Grisoutite, 
 
 Guardian, 
 Halalit. 
 
 Hammonit. 
 
 Haylite. 
 
 Hecla Powder. 
 
 Herculite. 
 
 Hudson's Explosive. 
 
 Hygrade Coal Powder. 
 
 Judson Powder. 
 
 Kent Powder. 
 
140 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Nitroglycerine (continued) 
 Kolax. 
 Koronit. 
 Kynarkite. 
 Kynite. 
 
 Lafflin and Rand. 
 Ligdyn. 
 Lignosit. 
 Lithofracteur. 
 Lomite. 
 Meganit. 
 Melanite. 
 Melling Powder. 
 Mersey Powder. 
 Meteor, 
 Minite. 
 Min-ite. 
 Moddite. 
 Monarkite. 
 Monobel. 
 Monobel Powder. 
 Naphthalit. 
 Neonal. 
 Nitro-densite. 
 Nitrolit. 
 
 Nitro Low-Flame. 
 Nobel Ammonia Powder. 
 Nobelit, 
 Normanite. 
 Oaklite. 
 Pannonit, 
 Perchlorit. 
 Permon Powder. 
 Permonite. 
 Persalit (Wetter-). 
 Phoenix Powder. 
 Pit-ite. 
 
 Pitsea Powder. 
 Polarite. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 141 
 
 Nitroglycerine (continued) 
 Prosperit. 
 Pulverite. 
 Rex Powder. 
 Rexite. 
 Rhenanit. 
 Rhexit. 
 Rippite. 
 Rivalit. 
 Romperit. 
 Russelite. 
 Salit. 
 
 Samsonite. 
 Saxonite. 
 Schlesit. 
 Seamex. 
 Securophore. 
 Sheppey Powder. 
 Siegenit. 
 Solenite. 
 Stomonal. 
 Stonax. 
 Stow-ite. 
 Sunderite. 
 Superite. 
 Swale Powder. 
 Swalite. 
 Syndite. 
 Telsit. 
 
 Thames Powder. 
 Tremonit. 
 Tunnelit. 
 Tunnelite. 
 Tutol. 
 
 Velox Gelatine. 
 Victor Powder. 
 Vigorite. 
 Viking Powder. 
 Wetter-dynamit . 
 
142 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Nitroglycerine (continued) 
 Wetteren. 
 Xpdite. 
 
 Nitro -hydrocarbons. See also Nitrobenzene, Tinitro -toluene, etc. 
 Albit. 
 Alkalsit. 
 Carbonite. 
 CooppaPs Powder. 
 Monachit. 
 Naphthalit. 
 
 New Explosives Company's Smokeless Powder. 
 Persalit. 
 
 Nitro-mesytilenes. 
 Monachit. 
 
 Nitro -naphthalene. 
 Alkalsit. 
 Astralit. 
 
 Barking Powder. 
 Bavarit. 
 Cheddite. 
 Curtisite. 
 
 Favier Explosives. 
 Pierrite. 
 Sprengel Explosives. 
 
 Nitro-semi-cellulose. 
 Plastammon. 
 
 Nitro-starch. 
 Silesia. 
 Trojan Coal Powder. 
 
 Nitro- toluene. 
 Astralit. 
 Erin Gelignite. 
 Foerdit. 
 Monobel. 
 Panclastite. 
 Pannonit. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 143 
 
 Nitro-toluene (continued)- 
 Plastammon. 
 Red Cross. 
 Telsit. 
 
 Nitro-toluenes, Liquid. 
 Alkalsit. 
 Barbarit. 
 Bomlit. 
 Halalite. 
 Kiwit. 
 Plastomenit. 
 Plastrotyl. 
 Telsit. 
 Territ. 
 Triplastit. 
 Tunnelit. 
 
 Nitroxylene. 
 Monachit. 
 
 Oil. 
 
 Albit. 
 Kiwit. 
 
 Oil, Castor. 
 Bomlit. 
 Cheddite. 
 Excellite. 
 Pierrite. 
 Rippite. 
 Steelite. 
 
 Oil, Dead. 
 
 Rack-a-Rock. 
 
 Oil, Drying. 
 
 Himalayite. 
 
 Oil, Fatty. 
 Astralit. 
 Elsagit. 
 
144 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Oil, Fatty (continued) 
 Glueckauf. 
 Koronit. 
 Naphthalit. 
 Perrumpit. 
 
 Oil, Hydrocarbon. See also Paraffins, etc. 
 Mercurit. 
 
 Sprengel Explosives. 
 Wilhelmit. 
 
 Oil, Kerosine. 
 Miedziankit. 
 Petrolit. 
 Plessit. 
 
 Oil, Mineral. 
 Rexol. 
 
 Oil, Paraffin. 
 Astralit. 
 Dominite. 
 Fulmenit. 
 Koronit. 
 
 Oil, Petroleum. 
 Barbarit. 
 Oxyliquit. 
 Sprengel Explosives. 
 
 Oil, Rape. 
 Astralit. 
 
 Oil, Re'd. 
 
 Dreadnought Powder. 
 
 Oxalate, Ammonium. 
 Ajax Powder. 
 Albionite. 
 Arkite. 
 Astralit. 
 Britonite. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 145 
 
 Oxalate, Ammonium (continued) 
 Cambrite. 
 Celtite. 
 Cheesa Sticks. 
 Cliffite (Super-). 
 Clydite. 
 Dominite. 
 Duxite. 
 
 Dynamit (Wetter-). 
 Dynobel. 
 
 Excellite (Super-). 
 Fractorite. 
 Fracturite. 
 Glueckauf. 
 Haylite. 
 Herculite. 
 Kent Powder. 
 Kolax (Super-). 
 Kynarkite. 
 Melling Powder. 
 Minite. 
 Monachit. 
 Neonal. 
 Normanite. 
 Perrumpit. 
 Pit-ite. 
 
 Pitsea Powder. 
 Rippite. 
 Russelite. 
 Samsonite. 
 Saxonite. 
 Sheppey Powder. 
 Stomonal. 
 Stow-ite. 
 Sunderite, 
 Swale Powder. 
 Swalite. 
 
 Thames Powder. 
 Virite. 
 10 
 
146 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Oxalate, Copper. 
 Glueckauf. 
 Good Luck. 
 
 Oxalate, Potassium. 
 Nobelit. 
 
 Oxalates. 
 Astralit. 
 Elsagit. 
 Nobelit. 
 
 Oxide, Iron. 
 
 Raek-a-Rock. 
 Thermit. 
 
 Oxide, Manganese. 
 Aerolit. 
 Loewenpulver. 
 Prom6thee. 
 
 Oxygen (Liquid). 
 Marsit. 
 Oxyliquit. 
 
 Paraffin. See also Oil, Paraffin and Hydrocarbons. 
 Favier Explosives. 
 Henrite. 
 Kiwit. 
 Naphthalit. 
 Rivalit (Chlorat-). 
 
 Paraffin Wax. See Wax. 
 
 Perchlorate, Ammonium. 
 Alkalsit. 
 Amasite. 
 Barking Powder. 
 Blastine. 
 Carlsonite. 
 Kausolit. 
 M. B. Powder. 
 Rexol. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 147 
 
 Perchlorate, Ammonium (continued) 
 Territ. 
 Yonckite. 
 
 Perchlorate, Potassium. 
 Ajax Powder. 
 Alkalsit. 
 Bomlit. 
 Chloratzite. 
 Colinit. 
 Dominit. 
 Donarit. 
 Dorfit (Per-). 
 Dynobel. 
 Halalite. 
 Hammonit. 
 Helagon. 
 Helit. 
 Herculite. 
 Koronit. 
 Leonit. 
 
 M. B. Powder. 
 Mercurit. 
 Neonal. 
 Ophorite. 
 Per agon. 
 Perchlorit. 
 Perdit. 
 Perilit. 
 Permonite. 
 Persalit. 
 Pniowit. 
 Polar it e. 
 Pulv6rite. 
 Rhenanit. 
 Rivalit. 
 Romperit. 
 Samsonite. 
 ' Schlesit. 
 
148 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Perchlorate, Potassium (continued) 
 Sonnit. 
 Sunderite, 
 Swale Powder. 
 Tremonit. 
 Westfalite. 
 
 Perchlorate, Sodium. 
 Alkalsit. 
 Hammonit. 
 Koronit. 
 Leonit. 
 
 Perchlorates. 
 Mitchellite. 
 Persalit. 
 Roslin Giant Blasting Powder. 
 
 Permanganate, Potassium. 
 Roburite. 
 
 Picrate, Ammonium. 
 Brugere's Powder. 
 Picramite. 
 
 Picric Acid. 
 Cresylite. 
 Dunnite. 
 Granatfuellung. 
 Lyddite. 
 Melinite. 
 Picrol. 
 Pierrite. 
 Shellite. 
 Sprengel Explosives. 
 
 Picryl Sulphide. 
 
 Granatfuellung. , 
 
 Pitch, Coal Tar. 
 Petroklastit. 
 
 Potassium Chloride, Nitrate, etc. See Chloride, Nitrate, etc. 
 Potato Meal. See Meal, Potato. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 149 
 
 Quebracho. 
 Minolite. 
 
 Resin. 
 
 Aerolit. 
 
 Cannonite. 
 
 Chloratzite. 
 
 E.C. Powder. 
 
 Favier Explosives. 
 
 Giant Powder. 
 
 Glueckauf. 
 
 Judson Powder. 
 
 Normal Powder. 
 
 Persalit. 
 
 Plastrotyl. 
 
 Rexol. 
 
 Romperit. 
 
 Silesia. 
 
 Westfalite. 
 
 Resin, Oxidised. 
 Siegenit. 
 Steelite. 
 Wallonite. 
 
 Salts, Hydrated. 
 Eureka. 
 
 Giant Coal-Mine Powder. 
 Lomite. 
 Meteor. 
 
 Salts, Inorganic. See also Chlorides, Sulphates, etc. 
 Albit. 
 Koronit. 
 Lafflin and 
 Monachit. 
 Persalit. 
 
 Salts, Neutral. 
 
 Cahuecit (Ammon-). 
 Chloratzit. 
 
150 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Salts, Neutral (continued) 
 Detonit. 
 
 Foerder Sicherheitssprengstoff. 
 H. 
 
 Hammonit. 
 Petrolit. 
 Schlesit. 
 Teutonit. 
 Wilhelmit. 
 
 Sawdust. 
 
 Herculite. 
 
 Shellac. See also Gum Lac. 
 Cheesa Sticks. 
 Cooppal's Powder. 
 Wetteren. 
 
 Silicide, Calcium. 
 Sabulite. 
 
 Soap. 
 
 Albit. 
 
 Sodium Chloride, Nitrate, etc. See Chloride, Nitrate. 
 
 Soot, 
 
 Marsit. 
 
 Starch. 
 
 Abelite. 
 
 Bellite. 
 
 Bobbinite, 
 
 Bomlit. 
 
 Carbonite. 
 
 Cliffite. 
 
 Cooppal's Powder. 
 
 Electronite. 
 
 Excellite (Super-). 
 
 Himalayite. 
 
 Kolax. 
 
 Kynite. 
 
 Monarkite. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 151 
 
 Starch (continued) 
 Nitro-Densite. 
 Permonite. 
 Ruby Powder. 
 Schlesit. 
 S. R. 
 Superite. 
 Syndite. 
 
 Thames Powder. 
 Troisdorf Smokeless Powder. 
 
 Stearine. 
 
 Cannonite. 
 
 Straw Charcoal. 
 Cocoa Powder. 
 
 Strontium Nitrate. 
 Densite. 
 
 Sugar. 
 
 Anilit. 
 Glueckauf. 
 White Gunpowder. 
 
 Sulphate, Ammonium. 
 Antigel. 
 Bobbinite. 
 Flammivore. 
 Progressit. 
 Pulv6rite. 
 
 Sulphate, Barium. 
 Cugnite. 
 Flammivore. 
 Pulvdrite. 
 
 Sulphate, Copper. 
 Bobbinite. 
 
 Sulphate, Iron. 
 Cahuecit. 
 
152 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Sulphate, Magnesium. 
 Colinit. 
 
 Cornish Powder. 
 Grisoutine. 
 Siegenit. 
 
 Sulphate, Sodium. 
 Grisoutine. 
 Raschit. 
 
 Sulphide, Antimony. 
 
 Flobert Ammunition. 
 Kinetit. 
 
 Sulphonate, Ammonium Nitro-cresol-. 
 
 Sulphonate, Sodium Cresol-. 
 Raschit, 
 
 Sulphur. 
 Aerolit. 
 Aphosite. 
 Black Powder. 
 Bobbinite. 
 Cahuecit. 
 Cocoa Powder. 
 Dynamite (American). 
 Forcite. 
 Giant Powder. 
 Hebler Powder. 
 Judson Powder. 
 Lithofracteur. 
 Loewenpulver. , 
 M. B. Powder. 
 Petroklastit. 
 Praeposit. 
 Pulverin. 
 Sprengsalpeter. 
 Virite. 
 
 Sulphuretted Benzol. 
 Carbonite, 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 158 
 
 Tallow. See also Fat. 
 Sebomite. 
 
 Tar. 
 
 Forcite. 
 Loewenpulver. 
 
 Tetranitro-methyl-aniline. 
 
 Tetryl. 
 
 Favier Explosives. 
 
 Fortex. 
 
 Oakley Quarry Powder. 
 
 Trinitro-anisole. 
 Granatfuellung. 
 Nitrolit. 
 Stabilite. 
 
 Trinitro-cresol. 
 Cresilite. 
 Melinite. 
 
 Trinitro-cresylate, Ammonium. 
 Ecrasit. 
 
 Trinitro -naphthalene. 
 Ammonite. 
 Cahuecit. 
 Favier Explosives. 
 Minolite. 
 
 Trinitro-phenol. See Picric Acid. 
 Trinitro-phenyl-methyl-nitramine. See Tetryl. 
 
 Trinitro-toluene, 
 Abelite. 
 Ajax Powder. 
 Alkalsist. 
 Alsilite. 
 Alumatol. 
 Amatol. 
 Amatoxol. 
 Ammonal. 
 
154 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Trinitrotoluene (continued) 
 Ammonite. 
 Anchorite. 
 Astralit. 
 Azurite. 
 Baelenite. 
 Baratol. 
 Barbarit. 
 
 Bautzener Sicherheits-pulver. 
 Bellite. 
 Bomlit. 
 Cahuecit. 
 Cannonite. 
 Colinit. 
 Curtisite. 
 Dahmenite. 
 Denaby Powder. 
 Densite. 
 Donarit. 
 Dorfit. 
 
 Dreadnought Powder. 
 Dynobel. 
 Echo. 
 Elsagit. 
 Expedite. 
 
 Faversham Powder. 
 Fuellpulver. 
 Fulmenit. 
 Fumyl. 
 Gehlingerit. 
 Gelignite. 
 Granatfuellung. 
 Grisoutine. 
 Halalite. 
 Haylite. 
 Kentite. 
 Leonit. 
 Lignosit. 
 Luxit. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 155 
 
 Trinitro-toluene (continued) 
 Macarite. 
 Melling Powder. 
 Mersey Powder. 
 Minite. 
 Minolite. 
 Nationalite. 
 Negro Powder. 
 Neonal. 
 P. C. /88. 
 Permonite. 
 Perrumpit. 
 Persalit. 
 Pfalzit. 
 Pniowit. 
 Pulv6rite. 
 Rexite. 
 Roburite. 
 Romperit. 
 Russelite. 
 Sabulite. 
 
 St. Helen's Powder. 
 Swale Powder. 
 Titanite. 
 T. N. T. 
 Tolite. 
 Toxol. 
 Tremonit. 
 Trinol. 
 Trotyl. 
 Tunnelit. 
 
 Walsrode Sicherheits-Sprengstoff. 
 Westfalite. 
 Withnell Powder. 
 Yonckite. 
 
 Trinitro-xylene. 
 Amatoxol. 
 Toxol. 
 
156 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Turmeric. 
 
 Good Luck. 
 
 Turpentine. 
 Plastrotyl. 
 Prom6th6e. 
 
 Vaseline. See also Mineral Jelly. 
 Amberite. 
 Bomlit. 
 Cannonite. 
 Chromamonit. 
 Dragonite. 
 E. C. Powder. 
 Empire Powder. 
 Felixite, 
 Kiwit. 
 K. S, 
 Neonite. 
 
 New Explosives Co. 
 Red Star. 
 Schultze Powder. 
 Smokeless Diamond. 
 S. S. 
 
 Vegetable Meal. See Meal, Vegetable. 
 
 Vegetable Ivory, 
 Meganit. 
 
 Wax, Paraffin. See also Paraffin. 
 Blastine, 
 Bobbinite. 
 Cheddite. 
 Melinite. 
 
 Wood Meal and Wood Pulp. 
 Abbcite. 
 Aetna Powder. 
 Ajax Powder. 
 Albionite, 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 157 
 
 Wood Meal and Wood Pulp (continued) 
 Alkalsit. 
 Amvis. 
 Antigel. 
 Aphosite. 
 Arkite. 
 Astralit. 
 Britonite. 
 Cahuecit. 
 Cambrite. 
 Carbite d'Ablon. 
 Carbonite. 
 Celtite. 
 Cilferite. 
 Cliffite (Super-). 
 Clydite. 
 
 Cornish Powder. 
 Cugnite. 
 Dominite. 
 Dragonite. 
 
 Du Pont Permissible. 
 Duxite. 
 Dynamite. 
 Dynobel. 
 Electronite. 
 Excellite. 
 Forcite. 
 Fracturite. 
 Gelatine Dynamite. 
 Gelignite. 
 Giant Powder. 
 Grisoutine. 
 Halalite. 
 Haylite. 
 Herculite. 
 Kent Powder. 
 Kolax. 
 Kynarkite. 
 Kynite. 
 
158 INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 
 
 Wood Meal and Wood Pulp (continued) 
 Leonit. 
 Ligdyn. 
 Lignosit. 
 Loewenpulver. 
 Luxit. 
 Meganit. 
 Melling Powder. 
 Mersey Powder. 
 Monobel. 
 Monobel Powder. 
 Neonal. 
 Nitro-Densite. 
 Nobel Ammonia Powder. 
 Normanite. 
 Oaklite. 
 Perdit. 
 Permonite. 
 Phoenix Powder. 
 Pit-ite. 
 
 Pitsea Powder. 
 Pniowit. 
 Polarite. 
 Rex Powder. 
 Rexite. 
 Rhexit. 
 Rippite. 
 Russelite. 
 Samsonite. 
 Saxonite. 
 Sheppey Powder. 
 Stomonal. 
 Stonax. 
 Stowite. 
 Sunderite. 
 Swale Powder. 
 Swalite. 
 
 Thames Powder. 
 Tutol. 
 
INDEX OF CONSTITUENTS 159 
 
 Wood Meal and Wood Pulp (continued) 
 Victor Powder. 
 Viking Powder. 
 
 Zinc. 
 
 Rexol. 
 
 Zinc Aluminium Alloy. 
 Neu Anagon. 
 Helagon. 
 Peragon. 
 
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