THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES HANDBOOK OF CEREMONIALS, &o. OF THE CITY OF LONDON. [PROOF.] HANDBOOK OF CEREMONIALS, &c.: A REVISED EDITION OF THE BOOK OF CEREMONIALS OF THK Cit? of lonnon, As REPRINTED IN PROOF IN 1882. Issued under the direction and, with the approval of the Privileges Committee of the Court of Aldermen, FOR THE GUIDANCE OF THE LORI) MAYOR, THE ALDERMEN, THE SHERIFFS, AND THE CORPORATION OFFICERS, &c. GUILDHALL, 190G. LONDON : PRINTED BY BLADES. EAST & BLADES. 23, ABCHFROH LANE. E.G. 190-6, J t \ CONTENTS. CHAP. PAGE 1. ELECTION OF LORD MAYOR - 1 2. LORD MAYOR ELECT'S CONSENT TO TAKE OFFICE - 15 3. THE SOVEREIGN'S APPROVAL OF THE LORD MAYOR ELECT - 16 4. ADMISSION OF THE LORD MAYOR ELECT 19 5. PRESENTATION OF THE LORD MAYOR (LORD MAYOR'S DAY) - 24 6. FIRST COURT OF ALDERMEN 32 7. FIRST COURT OF COMMON COUNCIL 33 8. PRESENTATION OF THE FREEDOM OF THE CITY - 34 0. CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT - 36 10. COURTS OF RUSTING - 39 11. SESSIONS CITY OF LONDON - 41 12. SESSIONS SOUTHWARK - 42 13. STEWARD'S COURT SOUTHWARK - 43 14. ST. THOMAS'S DAY ELECTION OF COMMON COUNCIL- MEN AND WARD OFFICERS 43 15. PLOW MONDAY GRAND COURT OF WARDMOTE - 53 16. CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS - 55 17. FIRST STATE DINNER - 55 18. STATE DINNER TO His MAJESTY'S MINISTERS - 56 19. LEVEES AND COURTS - 56 20. SPITAL SERMON SECOND WEDNESDAY AFTER EASTER 58 21. EASTER BANQUET 61 22. DINNER TO THE JUDGES, AND DINNER TO THE ARCHBISHOPS AND BISHOPS - 63 23. HOME SECRETARY'S DINNER His MAJESTY'S BIRTHDAY _.,.,,.,, - 63 VI CHAP. 24. FRUITERERS' COMPANY- 64 25. LIVERY CLOTH - 65 26. VENISON WARRANTS - 66 27. ROYAL ACADEMY DINNER - 68 28. QUEEN ANNE'S BOUNTY 68 29. ST. PAUL'S SONS OF THE CLERGY 70 30. DINNER AT LAMBETH PALACE - 72 31. HOSPITAL SUNDAY 72 32. ALDERMEN - 73 33. PRESERVATION OF THE PEACE - 79 34. SHERIFFS, ELECTION OF 81 35. SHERIFFS, THE SOVEREIGN'S APPROVAL OF - 88 36. SHERIFFS ADMITTED AT GUILDHALL - 90 37. JURIES 9 fi 38. FIRST SUNDAY IN TRINITY SITTINGS. JUDGES AT ST. PAUL'S - 39. ST. PAUL'S CATHEDRAL AUDIT OF ACCOUNTS 40. CITY OF LONDON AND FREEMEN'S ORPHAN SCHOOLS DISTRIBUTION OF PRIZES - 108 41. ST. MATTHEW'S DAY BOYS OF CHRIST'S HOSPITAL 109 42. LOCUM TENF.NS - 112 43. AUDIENCE OF THE SOVEREIGN - 113 44. ADDRESSES TO THE SOVEREIGN - 114 45. ADDRESSES TO THE SOVEREIGNS OF FOREIGN STATES 118 46. DEMISE OF THE CROWN - 120 47. PROCLAMATIONS ON ACCESSION AND CORONATION OF THE SOVEREIGN AND OTHER OCCASIONS - 123 48. CORONATION - 126 49. PETITIONS TO THE HOUSE OF COMMONS - 138 50. CHARITY SERMONS - 139 Contents. vii CHAP. PAGE 51. FASTS AND THANKSGIVINGS 141 52. GUILDHALL, USE OF - 145 5;). VISITS OF QUEEN VICTORIA TO THE CITY - 147 54. QUEEN VICTORIA'S DIAMOND JUBILEE- 152 55. TROOPS PASSAGE OF, THROUGH THE CITY - 155 56. LIEUTENANCY OF THE CITY OF LONDON - 157 57. HONOURABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY - 166 58. THE BOURSE, ROYAL EXCHANGE, AND GRESHAM COLLEGE - 168 5!). EMANUEL HOSPITAL - 171 60. MORDEN COLLEGE - 173 61. SIR JOHN SOANE'S MUSEUM 174 62. SIR JOHN PHILPOT'S CHARITY - 175 63. COSTYN'S CHARITY - 175 64. ROGERS'S CHARITY - 177 65. LADY BARNARDISTONE'S GIFT - 178 * 66. SIR JOHN LANGHAM'S CHARITY - 179 67. WILSON'S CHARITY - 180 68. WILSON'S TRUST UNDER THE WILL OF SAMUEL WILSON, ESQ., ALDERMAN OF THE WARD OF CASTLE BAYNARD - - - - - - 181 HANDBOOK OF CEEEIONIALS, &c. Precedence without the City. CHAPTER I. THE LORD MAYOR. HP HE LORD MAYOR is the Chief Magistrate of the Lord Mayor. Precedence City of London. In the City he has precedence in the city. O f ever y subject, and takes place immediately after the Sovereign. In Processions within the City he immediately precedes the Sovereign, bearing the City Sword. Outside the City the position accorded to the Lord Mayor on public occasions is next to Privy Coun- cillors. He is officially addressed as the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor. In order that the Lord Mayor may have his proper place assigned to him whenever he attends any Ceremonial or Banquet, the position he is to occupy is previously ascertained by the Swordbearer. Whenever the Lord Mayor officially attends a service at St. Paul's, he occupies the throne on the north side of the Choir opposite to that of the Bishop of London. The Aldermen are seated in the stalls on either side of the Lord Mayor, Seniors on his right, Juniors on his left, the Sheriffs, Senior on the right and Junior on the left of the Aldermen, and the Officers in the Choir. The Lady Mayoress and her friends occupy the Lady Mayoress' Closet behind the Lord Mayor's throne, the Aldermen's and Sheriffs' ladies being placed in the seats immediately in front of the Aldermen and Sheriffs. When the Lord Mayor Services at St. Paul's. The Lord Mayor. Tower. Royal Hospitals. Insignia of Office. and Aldermen attend to meet the Judges, the Judges are seated on the right of the Lord Mayor and the Aldermen on his left, by seniority ; the Sheriffs next to the Aldermen, the ladies as before. The pass-word of the Tower, for each day in every three months, is quarterly sent to the Lord Mayor under the Sovereign's sign manual. The Lord Mayor going out of office communicates the pass-word for the remainder of the quarter to his successor. By the Ordinances made in 1557, under the authority of the letters patent granted by Henry VIII and Edward VI, it was ordained that the President of each of the Royal Hospitals should be taken as Chief Ruler and Governor next unto the Lord Mayor. The Hospitals referred to were St. Bartho- lomew's, Christ's, Bridewell, and St. Thomas's. He is entitled by virtue of his office to carry the Sceptre or Crystal Mace before the Sovereign at the Coronation. He wears the Collar of S.S. and Jewel. The Sword 1 and Mace are carried before him on ordinary occasions. 1, There are four swords belonging to the citizens of London : I. The Sword of State, borne before the Lord Mayor as the emblem of his civic authority and power. II. Another is called the Pearl Sword, from the nature of the ornaments on its scabbard, and is carried before the Lord Mayor on occasion of cere- mony. This is the sword which is surrendered to the Sovereign at the site of Temple liar, or other City Boundary, when His Majesty comes within the City of London ; it is returned to the Lord Mayor, and by him borne before His Majesty. III. The third is a sword placed at the Central Criminal Court, above the Lord Mayor's Chair. IV. The fourth is a Black Swiird, used on days of public fasts, and in mourning for the death of any of the Royal Family, Election of Lord Mayor. Purse. Holds Courts, Dissolves Courts, &c. Election. 11 Geo. I, cap. 18. He holds the City Purse by the hand of the Chamberlain. The Lord Mayor summons, holds, and pre- sides over the several Courts and Meetings of the Corporation the Courts of Aldermen, the Courts of Husting, the Courts of Common Council, and the Common Hall; 2 they cannot be held but by his permission and direction, and the business to be considered and discussed is under his control : nor can his presence be dispensed with except by the appointment, in writing, under his hand and seal, of a locum tenens, who must be an Alderman who has passed the chair. In the Lord Mayor also is reposed the power of dissolving these Courts and Meetings. No one can occupy the Civic Chair until he has been three times subjected to popular election ; by the householders or occupiers entitled to vote in one of the Wards, as Alderman, and approved by the Court of Aldermen ; by the Livery in Common Hall as Sheriff ; and thirdly as Lord Mayor, to which office he is nominated by the Livery, elected by the Aldermen, and approved by the Crown. The election of Lord Mayor is held on the 29th day of September in every year, unless that day 2. The Common Hall is the assembly of the whole body of citizens. But for certain elections, particularly as pointed out by the London Election Act, 11 Geo. I, cap. 18, the liverymen now are the only electors. Besides the Common Halls held on Midsummer day for the election of Sheriffs and other Officers, and on the 29th of September for the election of the Lord Mayor, other special Common Halls are held from time to time on the summons of the Lord Mayor, upon requisitions or otherwise. B 2 4 Election of Lord Mayor. fall on a Sunday, in which case the election is held on the day previous, the 28th of September. 3 Precept. By order of the Court of Aldermen a precept is issued requiring the several Livery Companies to attend at Guildhall on Michaelmas day. The following is the form of the precept : " By the MAYOR. " To the Master and Wardens of the " Company of " These are to require you to cause notice to " be speedily given to all the Liverymen of your " Company to appear at Guildhall, on - the " 29th of September next, being Michaelmas " day ; that they come, habited in their livery "gowns and hoods, together in company from " their Common Hall to the Guildhall, by half- "past eleven of the clock in the forenoon; and "from thence to the parish church of St. Law- " rence Jewry, there to hear divine service and a " sermon ; and afterwards to return to Guildhall " for the election of a Lord Mayor for the year " ensuing, for which purpose the Lord Mayor will " take the chair at one o'clock precisely." "And you are to take especial care that all "the usual ornaments of your Company be pro- " vided against the next Lord Mayor's Day, being " appointed by Act of Parliament to be on the 3. By Act of Parliament, 3 and 4 Will. IV, c. 31 (1833) ; and by Act of Common Council, 18th Sej)tembe>; 1834. Election of Lord Mayor. 5 " 9th of November next. And hereof you are " not to fail. Dated the day of ,19 . " BELL." "By the MAYOR. " These are to require you to cau f oe your "beadle or some other proper person to attend " at the door of his station at Guildhall, on "- day, the 29th day of September next, by " eleven of the clock in the forenoon ; and that, " to prevent inconvenience, he be provided with a " list of the Livery of your Company ; and also " that he do prevent any other than the Livery - " men of your said Company from entering into " the said Hall ; and that the said beadle or other "person do not depart from thence until the " Common Hall is adjourned or dissolved. Hereof u you are not to fail. Dated this - - day of " ,19 . " BELL." Seven days before the election a summons is sent by the Swordbearer to the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, and Officers, in the following form : '' Your Worship is desired to be at Guildhall, "on the 29th day of September, 19 , at " a quarter before tweh T e of the clock in the fore- " noon, in your scarlet gown. His Lordship will "proceed to the church of St. Lawrence Jewry, " to hear divine service, at twelve o'clock pre- " cisely : after which a Common Hall will be G Election of Lord Mayor. " holden for the election of a Lord Mayor for the " year ensuing. - Swordbearer." " N.B. A Court of Aldermen 4 will be holden." " Swordbearer's Office, " Mansion House." The Lord Mayor and Sheriffs go from the Mansion House in full state 5 at half -past eleven o'clock, and arrive at the Guildhall at twenty minutes before twelve, and are received by the Aldermen and Officers in the Aldermen's Room. The Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Recorder, and Sheriffs are in black Court suits and scarlet gowns; the Lord Mayor and the Aldermen who have passed the chair wearing their hoods and chains; the Aldermen eligible for the chair being in full dress ; the Officers in full dress, with their gowns. A nosegay is presented to each by the Hallkeeper. Procession, j^g wno i e wa lk i n procession, from Guildhall to the Church of St. Lawrence Jewry (conducted by the City Marshal 6 ), in the following order, and arrive at the church before twelve o'clock : Sheriffs' Chaplains Under Sheriffs City Surveyor Secondary City Solicitor Remembrancer 4. This is a Court of the outer chamber. 5. The City Trumpeters attend. 6. The City Marshal has the regulation of all processions, and calls the names of the members thereof in their proper order, and he is responsible for instructions being given to the Coachmen and others as to their positions. In carriage processions his place is immediately preceding the Lord Mayor. Election of Lord Mayor. 7 Comptroller Judges of the City of London Court Common Serjeant Town Clerk Chamberlain Sheriffs Aldermen below the chair (juniors first) Recorder Aldermen above the chair (juniors first) City Marshal Chaplain Common Cryer 7 Swordbearer 8 The Lord Mayor The Aldermen, Sheriffs, and Officers divide on each side of the nave of the church, to allow the Lord Mayor to pass to his proper seat ; each after- wards following in turn to his own seat. A shortened service is used, and a sermon preached by the Lord Mayor's Chaplain. At the conclusion of the service, the Swordbearer, in the name of the Lord Mayor, invites the Rector to dinner. common xhe Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, and Officers return from the church, in the same order in which they went, into the Aldermen's Room; and at One o'clock, again observing the same order, go down into the Great Hall, and take their seats on the Hustings, the Recorder and the Aldermen who have passed the chair on the right of the Lord Mayor, and the Aldermen who have not passed the chair on his left. The Sheriffs' seats are below the 7-8. Sec Reports to the Common Council on the duties of these Officers. 8 Election of Lord Mayor. Aldermen, the Senior on the right and the Junior on the left. The Officers occupy their respective places at the table in front of the Lord Mayor. The Chaplains, Under- Sheriffs, and all other persons about to take part in the proceedings are provided with seats behind the Lord Mayor. After the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, and Officers are seated, the Common Cryer proclaims silence, and directs " all persons to be uncovered in the Hall," and " all " those who are not Liverymen to depart the Hall " on pain of imprisonment." The Common Hall is opened by the Common Cryer making the following proclamation : " Oyez, Oyez, Oyez. :> You good men of the Livery of the several " Companies of this City, summoned to appear " here this day for the election of a fit and able "person to be Lord Mayor of this City for the " year ensuing, draw near and give your attend- " ance. "God save the King.' 5 Proceedings. The proceedings of the last Common Hall are then read 9 by the Principal Clerk in the Town Clerk's Office. After which the Recorder, who is seated on the ris;ht of the Lord Mavor (or in his absence the O */ \ Commoai Serjeant), rises from his seat, and, having first made his obeisance to the Lord Mayor, goes to the front of the Hustings and there makes his obei- 9. See Resolution of Common Hall, 29th September, 1882. Election of Lord Mayor. 9 sance to the Livery. He then informs the Livery of the occasion of their meeting, and again returns to his seat. The Lord Mayor, such of the Aldermen as have passed the Chair, and the Eecorder, then retire to the Aldermen's Eoom, preceded by the City Marshal and the Swordbearer, the door being closed and kept by the Marshal, the Common Cryer remains in the Hall. The Sheriffs, with the Common Serjeant between them, advance to the front of the Hustings, when the Common Serjeant reads to the Livery a List of the names of those Aldermen below the chair who have served the office of Shrievalty (which has been previously furnished to him by the Town Clerk) and informs them that out of the Aldermen named they are to return two 10 to the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, for them to choose which of the two shall be Lord Mayor for the year ensuing. Election. They then proceed to the election, the Common Serjeant saying in this manner : " So many of you as will have A .B., Alderman " and - , n to be Lord Mayor of this City for " the year ensuing, hold up your hands." And so through the list of those Aldermen below the chair who have served the Office of Sheriff ; the 10. An entry is recorded under date 1384 in Letter-Book H, fo. clxxviii (c/. Liber Lrguin, fo. xlvi&) to the effect that the citizens assembled shall choose two of the most sufficient and wisest citizens, and when they shall be agreed, present them to the Mayor and Aldermen, as anciently was accustomed to be done. 11. Insert the name of the Company in which the Alderman is recorded. 10 Election of Lord Mayor. name of each Alderman, as it is proposed, being exhibited on a board. Declaration. The Common Serjeant next, by the direction of the Sheriffs, declares to the Livery that the Sheriffs are of opinion that their election has fallen upon A.B., Alderman and 12 , and C.D., Alderman ant l _ _. The Aldermen below the Chair thereupon retire to the Aldermen's Room. p oii. If a poll be then demanded, the fact is reported by the Sheriffs to the Court of Aldermen, and the Com- mon Hall is adjourned to the third day after such de- mand, unless such day be a Sunday, in which case the poll is taken on the fourth day. The poll is kept open for one day only, commencing at the hour of 8 o'clock a.m. and closing at 6 o'clock p.m. See Municipal Elections (Corrupt and Illegal Practices) Act, 1884, sec. 35, sub-sec. 7. By the City of London Ballot Act, 1887, sees. 2 and 3, the poll is to be taken by ballot in accordance with the Ballot Act, 1872. The Secondary, as Returning Officer, at the close of the poll casts up the votes and returns the names of the two Aldermen upon whom the election has fallen. The following is the form of the Return made by the Secondary on behalf of the Sheriffs to the Town Clerk : City of London Common Hall Election of Lord Mayor September, 19 . 12. Sec note 11, page 9. Election of Lord Mayor. 11 By virtue of the Acts of Parliament in that case made and provided, I HEREBY CERTIFY and DECLARE that the number of Votes given for the undermentioned Candidates at the above Election is as follows, viz. : (Here follow the names of the Aldermen in nomination with the number of Votes polled against their respective names.) AND I DO HEREBY CERTIFY that the names to be returned to the Lord Mayor and Aldermen according to custom are A.B., Alderman and , and C.D., Alderman and 13 , for them to choose which of the two shall be Lord Mayor for the year ensuing. Dated the day of October. Secondary of the City of London and Returning Officer. According to custom at Elections in Common Hall, the Sheriffs preside and make the return to the Court of Aldermen. In contested elections the poll is taken by ballot and the Returning Officers are the Sheriffs who appoint a Presiding Officer, (vide Parliamentary and Municipal Elections Act, 1872, schedule 1, section 21). By the City of London Ballot Act, 1887, sec. 2, the Presiding Officer becomes the Returning Officer, with powers under the Ballot Act of 1872, and 13. denote 11, page 9. 12 Election of Lord Mayor. Return to the Court of Aldermen. Election by the Court of Aldermen. declares the result of the poll, but the Sheriffs make the return to the Court of Aldermen. If no poll be demanded (or when the poll is finished and the election declared), the two Sheriffs with the Common Serjeant between them, and the other Officers of the Court of Aldermen, preceded by the Common Cryer with his Mace on his shoulder, proceed to the Aldermen's Court 14 , where the Lord Mayor and not less than thirteen Alder- men are sitting, the Lord Mayor being covered. On entering, the Sheriffs and Common Serjeant make three obeisances to the Court ; the first at the entrance, the second in the middle of the Court, and the third at the table; the Lord Mayor acknow- ledging each, at the third taking off his hat. The Common Serjeant at the table, standing be- tween the Sheriffs, reports the names of the two Aldermen on whom the election has fallen. The Recorder, Common Serjeant and Town Clerk then go down to the table at the further end of the Court to take the scrutiny, the Town Clerk writing the names of the two Aldermen returned by the Livery; and thereupon each Alderman present, beginning with the junior, comes down to the table and declares in a low voice to the Town Clerk for which of the two he votes, the Recorder and Common Serjeant over- looking, to see that no mistake is made in scoring. 14. The Aldermen usually meet in the Council Chamber for this purpose Election of Lord Mayor. 13 The Recorder then goes up to his seat in Court on the right hand of the Lord Mayor, the Common Serjeant also goes to his seat, and the Town Clerk goes up to the Lord Mayor to know for which of the two Aldermen His Lordship votes. Both the Recorder and Common Serjeant are to hear his lordship's vote, and see it marked. The result of the election is then declared by the Recorder. The Swordbearer (in white gloves) hands the Lord Mayor Elect to his place, which is on the left hand of the Lord Mayor. The Lord Mayor Elect then addresses the Court of Aldermen, thanking the Court for the honour done him, and requesting their aid and assistance in the execution of his office. The Aldermen present, according to seniority, come up and congratulate the Lord Mayor Elect on his election : the Officers do the like. The Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, and Officers then return in procession, as before, to the Great Hall, the Lord Mayor Elect being on the left hand of the Lord Mayor. The Recorder declares the election to the Livery. The Lord Mayor Elect is called upon by the Town Clerk to declare his assent to take upon him- self the office : upon which the Swordbearer places upon him the chain worn during his year of 14 Election of Lord Mayor. Shrievalty. The Lord Mayor Elect then addresses the Common Hall. The Common Hah 1 is then dissolved; the Com- mon Cryer making the following proclamation : " Oyez, Oyez, Oyez. r 'You good men of the Livery of the several " Companies of this City, summoned to appear " here this day for the election of a Lord Mayor " of this City for the year ensuing, may depart "hence at this time, and give your attendance " here again upon a new summons. " God save the King." The Lord Mayor takes the Lord Mayor Elect to the Mansion House in his state carriage, the Lord Mayor Elect sitting on the left of the Lord Dinner. Mayor. The Lord Mayor entertains the Lord Mayor Elect, Aldermen, Sheriffs, and high Officers at dinner in the evening. Lord Mayor Elect. 15 CHAPTER II. CONSENT OF THE LORD MAYOR ELECT. Ei e r ct May r HHHE Lord Mayor Elect is required by an Act of J- Common Council of the 25th of September, 1800 1 , to signify, in writing, to the Lord Mayor for the time being, within fourteen days after his elec- tion, his consent to take upon himself the office, under the penalty of a thousand pounds. It is not usual for the Lord Mayor Elect, prior to his being sworn into office, to appear in public with the Lord Mayor. Common ! <Sw Journal, 79, fo. 206. In pursuance of this Act of Common Council, Cryer. the Common Cryer, on the day of election personally delivers a notice of his being elected to the Lord Mayor Elect, with a printed copy of the Act. 16 Lord Mayor Elect. CHAPTER III. THE SOVEREIGN S APPROVAL OF THE LORD MAYOR ELECT. Usually the first day of Michaelmas Sittings of the High Court of Justice, 24th October. Day rp HE Remembrancer waits upon the Lord Chan- J- cellor to request his Lordship to appoint a day when he will receive the Lord Mayor Elect, and sig- nify the Sovereign's pleasure as to his election. The Lord Chancellor usually appoints the first day of Michaelmas sittings for that purpose; and receives the Lord Mayor Elect at his residence or at the House of Lords. Summons. A summons is sent by the Swordbearer to the Lord Mayor Elect, Aldermen, and Officers, to the following effect : " Your worship is desired to be at Guildhall, " on - next, the - - day of - - 19 , "at - of the clock in the forenoon, in your " violet gown ; to attend the Lord Mayor Elect to " the Lord Chancellor, at - - Swordbearer." "N.B. The Lord Mayor Elect will leave the " Guildhall at - - o'clock precisely, the Lord " Chancellor having fixed - - o'clock for the " presentation of the Lord Mayor Elect. " Swordbearer's Office, Mansion House, " October , 19 ." Lord Mayor Elect. 17 Procession. The Lord Mayor Elect, with the Aldermen in violet gowns, the Recorder and Sheriffs in scarlet gowns, and the other Officers in their gowns, the whole in black Court suits, assemble at Guildhall and proceed to the place appointed by the Lord Chancellor in the following order : City Marshal Under- Sheriffs City Surveyor Secondary City Solicitor Remembrancer Comptroller Judges of the City of London Court. Common Serjeant Town Clerk Chamberlain Sheriffs Aldermen below the chair (juniors first) Recorder Aldermen above the chair (juniors first) Common Cryer The Lord Mayor Elect. The Lord Chancellor, with his official staff, re- ceives the Lord Mayor Elect in state. The Recorder stands on the right of the Lord Mayor Elect; the senior Aldermen on his left, the junior Aldermen on the right of the Recorder. The senior Sheriff stands on the left of the senior Aldermen, 18 Lord Mayor Elect, and the junior Sheriff on the right of the junior Aldermen. The Officers take their places alter- nately below the senior and junior Sheriffs. The Recorder in a speech introduces the Lord Mayor Elect to the Lord Chancellor 1 ; who in reply signifies the Sovereign's pleasure as to his election. 2 Dinner. The Lord Mayor Elect, on the day of his presen- tation to the Lord Chancellor, entertains at a full state dinner in the Hall of his Company, the Aldermen, Recorder, Sheriffs, and Officers of the Court of Aldermen. The Aldermen wear velvet Court suits, the Seniors their Chains, and the Officers their Official Costumes. 1. In 1881, in consequence of the illness of the Lord Chancellor, the Lord Chief Justice of England was, with the approval of Her late Majesty Queen Victoria, appointed to act in his stead, and receive the Lord Mayor Elect. Vide Report of Acting Remembrancer to the Court of Aldermen, 25th October, 1881. 2. Cakes and hot spiced wine are handed round ; the Lord Mayor's Butler previously makes the accustomed delivery of wine to the Butler of the Lord Chancellor ; and a fee of 21. 10*. is paid by the Common Cryer to the Macebearer of the Lord Chancellor. Summons. Breakfast. Admission of the Lord Mayor Elect. 19 CHAPTER IV. ADMISSION OF THE LORD MAYOR ELECT. 8th November. THE Lord Mayor Elect is admitted on the 8th day of November in every year, according to Act of Parliament, 25 Geo. II. cap. 30, sec. 4, unless that day fall on a Sunday, in which case the cere- mony is performed on the day preceding. A summons is sent by the Swordbearer to the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, and Officers, to the following effect : : ' Your worship is desired to be at a Court of " Aldermen at Guildhall on - - next, being " the 8th day of November, at half-past two of the "clock in the afternoon, in your violet gown. ' To admit the Lord Mayor Elect. - Swordbearer." " N.B. Luncheon at the Mansion House at one " o'clock precisely." " Swordbearer's Office, Mansion House." " November 1st, 19 ." On the morning of the 8th of November (or the 7th, as the case may be), the Lord Mayor's Com- pany and the Company of the Lord Mayor Elect, all wearing their Livery gowns, the Aldermen, Recor- der, Sheriffs, and Officers meet the Lord Mayor and the Lord Mayor Elect at the Mansion House, c 2 20 Admission of the T,ord Mayor Elect. Procession to Guildhall. Companies. Great Hall where luncheon is served at one o'clock ; the Lord Mayor, the Lord Mayor Elect, the Aldermen, and the Sheriffs in violet gowns, and the Officers in their official dress. At a quarter past two o'clock the Lord Mayor leaves the Mansion Hou.se 1 , front entrance, for Guildhall, in his semi-state carriage and four horses, attended by the Swordbearer, Common Cryer, and Chaplain 2 : the Aldermen, Sheriffs and Officers in the order set out in Chapter I, reversed, and the Lord Mayor's Company follow. Afterwards the Lord Mayor Elect, in his private state carriage, attended by his Chaplain and his own Company, leaves by the side entrance of the Mansion House for Guildhall. The Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Officers go into the Aldermen's Court, where they await the arrival of the Lord Mayor Elect, who is introduced by two Aldermen who have passed the chair. The Com- panies of the Lord Mayor and the Lord Mayor Elect go to the Hustings, and stand on each side in waiting, while the Court of Aldermen (of the outer chamber) is held, at which the Lord Mayor takes leave of the Court. At a quarter to three o'clock the procession goes from the Aldermen's Court to the Great Hall, in the order set out in Chapter I. 1. Before the Lord Mayor leaves the Mansion House, he should deliver into the hands of the Swordbearer the keys of the two book-cases, and the two letter-seals. 2. The four City Trumpeters attend. Admission of the Lord Mayor Elect. 21 After the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Recorder, Sheriffs, and Officers have taken their seats on the Hustings, the Common Cryer, with the Mace on his shoulder, walks up to the table, making three low reverences, and stands at the table with the Mace placed before him on the floor. Declaration The Town Clerk, standing on the north side of the table, makes a low reverence, and afterwards two others ; he then reads the declaration according to the statute 31 and 32 Viet., cap. 72 (Promissory Oaths Act, 1868), to the Lord Mayor Elect, who repeats the same and subscribes it. When the Lord Mayor Elect has made and sub- scribed the declaration, the outgoing Lord Mayor surrenders his seat to the incoming Lord Mayor, and takes his seat on the left side of the Chair. The Town Clerk and Common Cryer retire. chamberlain. The Chamberlain, making three reverences, walks to the south side of the table and presents the Sceptre 3 to the outgoing Lord Mayor, who delivers it to the incoming Lord Mayor, who places it on a velvet cushion upon the table before him. The Chamberlain then retires, making three reverences ; and advancing again in the same manner as before, presents the Seal of the office of mayoralty, which being placed on the table as before, he retires ; then, advancing a third time, lie presents in the same manner the Purse, which is also. placed on the table, and the Chamberlain then retires. 3. Also called the Crystal Mace. Admission of the Lord Mayor Elect. Common Cryer. Chamber- lain's Chief Clerk. Swordbearer. The Swordbearer next advances with three re- verences, and presents the Sword to the outgoing Lord Mayor, by whom it is given to the incoming Lord Mayor, who delivers it again to the Sword- bearer, who places it on the table, and retires, making three reverences. The Common Cryer then advances with three reverences, and presents the Mace to the outgoing Lord Mayor, by whom it is given to the incoming Lord Mayor, who delivers it again to the Common Cryer, who places it upon the table, and retires, making three reverences. The Chamberlain's Chief Clerk advances, making three reverences, and receives from the incoming Lord Mayor, on a velvet cushion, the sceptre, the seal, and the purse, and then retires, making three reverences. The Swordbearer then advances, making three reverences, and takes the Sword from the table, and retires, making three reverences. The Common Cryer takes the Mace with the same ceremonies. The Aldermen, Recorder, Sheriffs, and Officers, in rotation, advance to the incoming Lord Mayor and congratulate him. The Remembrancer then presents to the Lord Mayor a deputation for the City Gauger, which his Lordship signs. Swordbearer. Common Cryer. Congratu- lations. Remembran- cer. Comptroller. Procession to Mansion House. Admission of the Lord Mayor Elect. 23 The Comptroller presents the Indenture for the City plate, and the Agreement for the payment to the Lord Mayor of 10,000 in lieu of all fees, etc., which the incoming Lord Mayor signs. The outgoing Lord Mayor then delivers up the keys of the City Seal and the Hospital Seal to the incoming Lord Mayor 4 ; also the keys of the Ex- chequer weights and measures. The incoming Lord Mayor with the outgoing Lord Mayor on his left walk out of the Hall, pre- ceded by the Officers and followed by the Alder- men, Recorder, Sheriffs, and the Livery Companies, and return together in the outgoing Lord Mayor's semi-state carriage to the Mansion House, the incoming Lord Mayor entering it first, and occupy- ing the right-hand seat, the outgoing Lord Mayor sitting on his left hand. 4. The Chamberlain and the Comptroller on behalf of the City Lands Committee have each a key of the Seal. The chest cannot be opened unless all the keys are produced. Presentation of the Lord Mayor. CHAPTER V. Presentation summons. PRESENTATION OF THE LORD MAYOR TO THE JUDGES OF THE KING'S BENCH DIVISION OF THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE. 9th November (Lord Mayor's day) 1 . Lord Mayor is presented to the Judges of the King's Bench Division 2 for the purpose o making his Statutory Declaration of office on the 9th day of November, unless that day fall on a Sunday, in which case the Lord Mayor is presented on the day following. The Remembrancer puts himself in communica- tion with the Lord Chief Justice, and obtains from him an appointment for the purpose. A summons is sent by the Swordbearer to the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Officers, to the follow- ing effect : "Your worship is desired to be at Guildhall, "on - - next, being the 9th day of November, " at of the clock - , in your 1. This was formerly on the 29th of October, the day after the feast of SS. Simon and Jude ; but was altered by statute in 1751. 24 Geo. II, c. 48, Sec. 11, to the 9th Nor ember. 2. Before 1881 the Lord Mayor was, in accordance with the Charter of 37 Henry III, presented to the Barons of the Exchequer and took the oath or declaration in that Court. Since 1881 he has been presented to the Judges of the King's Bench Division, and makes the declaration before them. See Act 44 & 45 Vic., c. 68, Sec. 17. Presentation of the Lord Mayor. 25 Breakfast. Procession. High Court of Justice, King's Bench Division. " scarlet gown ; to attend the Lord Mayor to the " Royal Courts of Justice. - Swordbearer. " N.B. His Lordship will be going from the " Guildhall at o'clock precisely. " Swordbearer's Office, Mansion House, " November, 19 . The Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs come in state from the Mansion House to Guildhall, the order of procession being as set out in Chapter I. The Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Recorder, and Sheriffs in scarlet gowns and full-dress Court suits; the Lord Mayor with scarlet hood and collar of SS. The Officers in their gowns and black Court suits. A breakfast is provided at Guildhall. The Companies of the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, having previously breakfasted at their Halls, take their places in the procession at Guildhall. After breakfast the procession moves from Guildhall to the High Court of Justice, the Alder- men, juniors first, Sheriffs, and Officers taking their proper places, as set out in Chapter I. The Lord Mayor uses the State coach with six horses, and is accompanied by his Chaplain, the Swordbearer, and Common Cryer; the Aldermen, Sheriffs, and Officers being each in his own carriage. On entering the Court they take their positions in the following order (the Judges being all covered) : 26 Presentation of the Lord Mayor. the Lord Mayor (wearing his hat) on the right hand of the Recorder; the outgoing Lord Mayor on the left hand of the Recorder ; the Swordbearer on the right hand of the Lord Mayor, with the point of his Sword downwards and wearing his cap ; the Common Cryer on the left hand of the outgoing Lord Mayor, holding the Mace reversed. The Lord Mayor makes three reverences to the Court, taking off his hat after each. Presentation. The Lord Mayor is presented at the Bar of the Court by the Recorder or, in his absence, by the Common Serjeant,who addresses the Judges on behalf of the Lord Mayor and the outgoing Lord Mayor. The Lord Chief Justice then addresses the Lord Mayor and the outgoing Lord Mayor. The Lord Mayor is uncovered when the Lord Chief Justice addresses him, and when he makes the declaration. He resumes his hat afterwards, and takes it off at each obeisance. Declaration. ^he following declaration is then made by the Lord Mayor, in pursuance of the provision of the 2nd regulation, section 12, of the Promissory Oaths Act, 1868, 31 and 32 Viet., cap. 72, the Lord Mayor- repeating the words of the declaration after the King's Remembrancer: "I - - do solemnly, sincerely, and truly " declare that I will faithfully perform the duties " of my office of Mayor of the City of London." Presentation of the Lord Mayor. Warrant. Invitations. Return of the Procession. The Lord Mayor then signs the declaration, which is handed back to the King's Remembrancer. The Recorder then reads a warrant from the Mayor, Commonalty, and Citizens of the City of London, appointing their Attorney, to sue, prosecute, defend, and lay claim to all their liberties, etc., in the said King's Bench Division ; which is afterwards read by the King's Remembrancer. The Recorder prays their Lordships that this warrant be recorded. The Lord Chief Justice then says to the King's Remembrancer " let the warrant be recorded." The warrant is as follows : " London to wit. " The Mayor, Commonalty, and Citizens of " the City of London put in their stead and "place A. B., esq., 3 their Attorney, to sue, prose- " cute, defend, and lay claim to all their liberties, " privileges, and franchises in the said King's " Bench Division ; and to do all other matters, " and so forth." The Recorder then invites the Judges (including those of the Court of Appeal) to dine with the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs at the Entertainment at Guildhall. The Prime Minister and other official and dis- tinguished guests are invited by the Remembrancer. Return of Procession. Afterwards, in the same order in which it came, the procession returns to Guildhall. 3. The Chief Clerk of the King's Remembrancer. Presentation of t lie Lord Mayor. Lady Mayoress. Guildhall. The Lady Mayoress, in her carriage, with two maids of honour, joins the Procession on its return from the Court. On its arrival at Guildhall, the Lord Mayor retires to his dressing-room, where he changes his scarlet gown for his gold lace state robe. The Lady Mayoress and the Aldermen's and Sheriffs' ladies retire to their drawing-room, 4 in the Library, where their attendants are in waiting. The Lady Mayoress, the Aldermen's and the Sheriffs' ladies, remain in the drawing-room till six o'clock ; the Aldermen and Sheriffs waiting in the Lord Mayor's parlour. When the Lord Mayor is ready, a procession is formed at the low y er end of the Library, and pro- ceeds to the dais at the upper end in the following order : Trumpeters City Marshal Lord Mayor's Chaplain Common Cryer, with his Mace Swordbearer, with the Pearl Sword The Lord Mayor, in his state gown and collar of SS, wearing his hat and his train borne; The Lady Mayoress 4. The Lady Mayoress has the privilege of appointing two maids to this room, and the Sheriffs one each ; these are the only servants admitted there. The gallery on the north side of the Hall is on this occasion appropriated to the use of the Maids of Honor of the Lady Mayoress. On all other occasions it is appropriated to the Lady Mayoress and the Aldermen's and Sheriffs' ladies. Presentation of the Lord Mayor. 29 attended by her maids of honour, and her train borne ; The Sheriffs and their Ladies. The Lady Mayoress takes the chair of state on the left hand of the Lord Mayor, the Sheriffs and their ladies right and left of the Lord Mayor. 5 The dais behind the Lord Mayor is for the Aldermen and their ladies, the Recorder and other high Officers 6 and their ladies, and other Guests who are permitted to remain on the dais. The spaces on the right and left of the Lord Mayor and the Lady Mayoress are specially reserved for the accommo- dation of great Officers of State and other dis- tinguished Guests. The Under- Sheriffs and all other Guests who have not the privilege of remaining on the dais after being introduced retire from the dais by the door on the right of the Lord Mayor, either to the floor of the Library or to their allotted seats in the Guildhall. Special Regulations are laid down as regards the proceedings at this Entertainment; and it is the duty of the Remembrancer to arrange the principal Guests in the Hall. The Lord Mayor receives the company on the dais uncovered. 5. This ceremonial is observed in all receptions at the Guildhall or the Mansion House, the Swordbearer and Common Cryer standing on the right and left of the Lord Mayor and the Lady Mayoress. The Under-Sheriffs, not being Corporation Officers, do not assist in these functions. 6. The high Officers referred to are the Recorder, Chamberlain. Town Clerk, and Common Serjeant. 30 Presentation of the Lord Mayor. The name of each guest is announced at the en- trance of the Library, and is repeated as he approaches the dais. 7 The Remembrancer having previously intro- duced the distinguished guests to such ladies pre- sent as they are to conduct into the Hall, dinner is announced by the City Marshal, and a procession to the Great Hall is formed in the following order : Trumpeters City Marshal Lord Mayor's Chaplain Common Cryer, with the Mace Swordbearer, with the Sword of State The Lord Mayor, wearing his hat, and his train borne ; The Lady Mayoress led by the chief guest, her train borne ; followed by her six maids of honour, uniformly dressed (who retire when the Lady Mayoress is seated). The late Lord Mayor The late Lady Mayoress The Lady Mayoress's friend The late Lady Mayoress's friend and The two Sheriffs' Ladies led respectively by distinguished guests to the upper side of the Lord Mayor's table. 7. Two trumpeters are placed at the entrance to the Guildhall, who sound upon the arrival of any members of the Royal Family or distin- guished guests. This is repeated by two others at the top of the steps leading to the Library. There are no announcements of any guests after any member of the Royal Family has arrived. Presentation of the Lord Mayor. 31 These are followed by The Foreign Ambassadors and Ministers of State The Peers The Judges The Sheriffs 8 Aldermen above the chair, with their Ladies Attorney General Solicitor General Recorder Aldermen below the chair. The late Lord Mayor is the principal guest at this Banquet and is seated on the right of the Lord Mayor, the Lady Mayoress on the left of the Lord Mayor, and the late Lady Mayoress on the left of the Lady Mayoress, the Aldermen each with two ladies on the inner side of the principal table according to seniority ; the Sheriffs on the right and left of the Lord Mayor at either end of the top table. 9 8. The Sheriffs, being joint hosts with the Lord Mayor, precede the Aldermen in this procession. !). This arrangement is followed on the occasion of other entertain- ments in the Guildhall, except that the Sheriffs are on such occasions seated next below the Aldermen. NOTE. Excepting the Lord Mayor's, no beadles are admitted into the Guildhall. Attendance upon the Aldermen ceases at the entrance to Guildhall. Each Alderman and the Recorder is entitled to two seats on the inside of the principal table for ladies, one on either side of him ; but he cannot place a gentleman in either of those seats. Each Alderman is also entitled to an extra seat in the body of the hall, commonly called a Coach order. 32 First Court of Aldermen. CHAPTER VI. FIRST COURT OF ALDERMEN. Guildhall. A T the first Court of Aldermen in each mayor- -j- alty, the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs come from the Mansion House in full state to Guildhall 1 ; the Lord Mayor in his state carriage with four horses, wearing his scarlet robe and collar of SS ; the Aldermen and Sheriffs wear their scarlet robes and chains of office. Address. Upon the opening of the Court 2 the Lord Mayor addresses his brethren. 3 1. Procession, as set out in Chapter I. 2. The Recorder occupies the seat on the right of the Lord Mayor, the senior Alderman on the left, and the other Aldermen are seated by seniority alternately on either side of the Court. The Sheriffs sit next to the junior Aldermen, but if not Aldermen, only by invitation of the Court. 3. Before holding any Court, the Summons, expressing the matters to be considered by the Court, is submitted to the Lord Mayor for his direc- tions ; and after it has received his sanction it is published. In 1845 it was directed by the Lord Mayor that the Summons for the Courts of Aldermen, when held on a Tuesday, should be issued on the Friday before. Should the Lord Mayor postpone a calendar Court, the Swordbearer is to give notice to the Aldermen on the Friday before. When the Lord Mayor addresses the Court all the Officers rise in their places ; the Aldermen remain seated. First Court of Common Council. 33 CHAPTER VII. FIRST COURT OF COMMON COUNCIL. 1 IN the same manner, at the first Court of Common Council in the Mayoralty, the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs come in full state from the Mansion House to Guildhall; the Lord Mayor in his state carriage with four horses, wearing his scarlet robe and collar of SS; the Sheriffs in their state car- riages and scarlet robes and chains of office. The Lord Mayor addresses the Court at its opening. At this Court all Members are summoned to appear in their gowns. 2 The Aldermen 3 are summoned to the Common Councils by a summons in the following form : 4 '' Your worship is desired to be at a Court of " Aldermen, at Guildhall, on - - next, the 1 . The full style or title of the Court is ' The Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Commons of the City of London in Common Council assembled." the quorum being 40 Members, of whom the Lord Mayor or his locum tenens, and at the least two Aldermen must form part. 2. Vide Order of Common Council of the 2nd December, 1886. 3. The Aldermen occupy seats on the dais right and left of the Lord Mayor; seats are provided for the Sheriffs on the right and left of the " Aldermen, but should a Sheriff not be an Alderman he would take his seat only by invitation of the Court. The Members take the seats in the body of the Court, the front row being allotted to the Chairmen of Committees. When the Lord Mayor addresses the Court all Members and Officers rise in their places, except the Aldermen, who remain seated. In Committees the Aldermen have the privilege of occupying the seats immediately on the right of the Chairman, but to facilitate business the seat next the Chairman may be occupied by the late Chairman. 4. The same takes place, with respect to the summons and paper of business for the Court of Common Council, as mentioned before for the Court of Aldermen ; and the summons for a Court for Thursday is issued on the Monday preceding. 34 Presentation of Freedom. " day of , 19 , at of the clock. Swordbearer." "N.B. A Court of Common Council will be holden." [Then follows a specification of the business to be transacted.] " Swordbearer's Office, Mansion House." Summons. Resolution. CHAPTER VIII. PRESENTATION OF THE FREEDOM. TT7HENEVER the freedom of the City of London is to be specially presented to any distin- guished person, it is expressly mentioned in the summons for the Common Council, having pre- viously been considered by a Committee of the Whole Court. On the day appointed, the Aldermen and Sheriffs appear in their scarlet gowns with their chains; and the members of the Common Council in their Mazarine gowns. The Town Clerk reads the resolution of the Court for the presentation of the freedom. A clerk from the Chamberlain's Freedom De- partment reads the testimony of the compurgators 1 or other document, as the case may be, which is 1. The Compurgators are not less ihan six, and the following is the form of their testimony : A.B., Citizen and , C.D.. Citizen and . (and the others), declare that is a man of good name and fame, that he does not desire the Freedom of this City whereby to defraud the King or this City of any of their rights, customs, or advantages, but that he will pay his scot and bear his lot, and so they all say. Presentation of Freedom. 35 Addresses. necessary according to the practice of the Chamber- lain's Court. chamberlain. After which the Chamberlain administers the usual declaration and presents the freedom to the new freeman, in such manner and form as have been previously resolved; and giving the right hand of fellowship in token of his acceptance as a freeman, addresses him on the occasion ; to which the person addressed makes a suitable reply. 2 In the event of the person being an alien the declaration of a freeman cannot be administered ; in that case he is addressed by the Chamberlain, who afterwards hands to him a copy of the resolu- tion 3 of the Court of Common Council. Exceptional cases also arise where the distin- guished person proposed to be honoured is already a freeman of the City. 4 In that event a resolution of the Court expressing its sentiments is substi- tuted. The Freedom or Resolution is usually presented in a suitable Box. 2. The Mover and Seconder of the Address, the two Senior Aldermen present, and the Sheriffs, are then presented by the Lord Mayor. 3. General Garibaldi, an Italian subject, Mr. George Peabody, an American citizen, and M. de Lesseps, a French subject, were so received. 4. This last occurred on the 13th February, 1902. On that occasion the officiating Town Clerk read the Resolution of the Court for an Address, expressive of the admiration of the Court for his statesmanlike qualities and his patriotic action, in the true interests of the British Empire, to be presented to the Right Honourable Joseph Chamberlain, M.P.. His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies. The Recorder then read the Address ; and thereupon the Lord Mayor, in a suitable speech, asked, in the name of the Corporation, Mr. Chamberlain's acceptance of the Address in a Gold Casket, to which Mr. Chamberlain replied. D 2 36 Central Criminal Court. Opening of the Courts. CHAPTER IX. CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT. 1 THE Lord Mayor is the First Commissioner 2 of the Central Criminal Court, and in the Commis- sion takes precedence of the Lord Chancellor and all other Judges. 3 The Lord Mayor goes in full state from the Mansion House, with four horses, and attended by the Sheriffs, the Swordbearer, Common Cryer, and the City Marshal, to the opening of each session of the Central Criminal Court. At the first session after his admission he wears his scarlet gown. 1. See Statute 4 and 5 William IV (1834), cap. 26. 2. The other Commissioners are the Lord Chancellor or Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, and all the Judges for the time being of His Majesty's High Court of Justice (King's Bench Division), the Judge of the Admi- ralty, the Dean of the Arches, the Aldermen, the Recorder, the Common Serjeant, the Judges of the Sheriffs' Court of the City of London for the time being, and all past Lord Chancellors, Lord Keepers, or Judges as aforesaid. 3. The following early entry appears with reference to his position with the Commissioners : TRANSLATION. 1441, 20 Hen. VI, Oct. 27th, Jor. 3, fo. lOOb. "On this day came "to the Chamber of the Guildhall of the City of London the Lords "and Judges underwritten, by the commission of our Lord the King, " sitting in the Hall aforesaid, to enquire concerning, &c. Which Lords " and Judges sat in order in the hustings place, as follows, to wit ; the " Mayor occupied the chair ; on the right side of which sat the Duke of ' Norfolk, the Earl of Salisbury, the Earl of Suffolk, the Lord Crom- ' well, the treasurer, Sir John Hody. knight, Chief Justice of the ' Lord the King ; Richard Xewton, knight, Chief Justice of the Bench ; ' John Fray, chief baron : William Westbury, J. Godrede, Paston, Ful- ; thorpe, Asche, Justices ; Roger Hunt, baron of the exchequer, and John ' Bowys, Recorder of the City : and on the other side of the chair sat the ' Earl of Huntyngdon, the Earl of Northumberland, the Lord Scrop, ' the Lord Tiptoft. the Lord Eungerford, the Lord Fawnhope, barons, "and Sir J[ohn] Storton, knight," &c. When the Central Criminal Court was about to be established, the Lord Chancellor's name was placed in the bill at the head of the Commission, but Mr. Alderman Farebrother, Lord Mayor for the time being, on behalf of the Court of Aldermen, protested against that part of the bill as con- trary to the ancient custom of the City ; and the bill was accordingly altered, placing the Lord Mayor at the head of the Commission. When the Court was opened, Mr. Alderman Farebrother, as Lord Mayor, took his place accordingly, and appointed the Clerk. Central Criminal Court. 37 The Lord Mayor and Aldermen attend each Court. The Lord Mayor presides in Court and in his absence the Senior Alderman present, the Judge on his right and the other Commissioners on his left, the Aldermen by seniority. Seats are provided for the Sheriffs at the end of the Commissioners' bench. The Lord Mayor receives His Majesty's Judges on the first day of their attendance. 4 On the first day of the Michaelmas sittings (24th October) of the High Court of Justice not less than four of the Judges of the King's Bench Division 5 attend to fix the sessions for the year. The Lord Mayor attends on this occasion, and takes the chair. 6 Formerly, the Lord Mayor took the chair at the dinners which were given during the whole time of the judges' attendance, or, in his absence, the senior Alderman presided, and two of the Lord Mayor's servants stood behind the chair. At these dinners each Alderman who attended was at liberty to introduce a friend; and the Aldermen on the rota had the privilege of having their servants to attend upon them. As soon as the Lord Mayor's butler had poured the rose-water into the bowl after dinner, the chaplain, standing behind the Lord Mayor's chair, said the following grace : " For these and all his other mercies, God's 4. On the first day of the attendance of His Majesty's Judges at each Session it is the practice for one of the Sheriffs to proceed in his carriage to the Royal Courts of Justice, thence to escort the Judge to the Central Criminal Court. 5. 44 and 45 Vic., c. 68, Sec. 18. 6. All the Commissioners are summoned to attend this Meeting. 38 Central Criminal Court. " holy name be blessed and praised. May God pre- " serve the Church and King, and all the Royal " Family, the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor, "the Judges, the Aldermen, the Recorder, the " Common Serjeant, and the Sheriffs." 7 These dinners have been discontinued ; but it is now the custom for the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs to provide luncheon for the Commissioners attending the Court, the expenses being defrayed, half by the Lord Mayor, and the other half by the Sheriffs, in equal shares. The Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Recorder, and Robes. Sheriffs, upon the first day of each Session, wear their scarlet robes; as well as upon any red-letter days which may occur during the sessions. On opening the Court, on the first day of each Session, a procession is formed consisting of the Under- Sheriffs, Sheriffs, City Marshal, Swordbearer, Common Cryer, Lord Mayor, Senior Aldermen, Recorder, Junior Aldermen, Common Serjeant, Judges of the City of London Court, and the Secondary. On the first day of the attendance of His Majesty's Judges there is a similar procession, such Judges immediately following the Lord Mayor. On other days a procession is formed to conduct the Judges to the Bench consisting of the Under- O o Sheriffs, Sheriffs, and Aldermen, juniors first, and they retire from the Bench in the same order. 7. This grace had been in use as far back as memory can trace, and its origin cannot be discovered. Courts of Husting. 39 CHAPTER X. COURTS OF HUSTING. 1 THESE Courts (the Court of Husting of Pleas of Land, and the Court of Husting of Com- mon Pleas) are now only held when business requires. The Courts are held on the raised part of the Guildhall which is called the Hustings, by the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs, who are the Judges, the Recorder sitting with them to pro- nounce the judgments of the Court. A Court may be held by the Lord Mayor and the two Sheriffs. But if the Lord Mayor or either of the Sheriffs be unavoidably absent there must be six Aldermen. The Lord Mayor wears his collar of SS, and the Sheriffs their gowns and chains ; they are attended by the proper Officers, and the City Solicitor as the Lord Mayor's Attorney. 2 1. The Court of Husting is a Court of record. In a work published by Murray, entitled " An Account of the Danes and Norwegians in England, Scotland, and Ireland," by J. J. Worsaae, some account will be found of the origin of Husting, thing being the Danish name for Court, and hits equivalent to house or palace Palace Court. They were established in the chief cities York. London. Winchester, &c. It is the supreme as well as the most ancient Court in the City (see Lib. Custuinrt- rum, fo. 53) ; and an appeal lies to it from the Sheriffs' Court by a Letetur qwrela. Formerly held alternately every week. They were so directed to be held by the laws of King Edward the Confessor. ' Debeteciam in London' 1 , que "ca.putest regnict Iff/urn, semper curia domini regis singulis xeptimanis 'die Lune Hvstingis wdere ct truer i" &c. (Thorpe, "Ancient Laws and Institutions," p. 197t.) Sue also the charters of Henry I and Henry II ; 5th of Richard I, 1194 ; and llth of Henry III, 1227. Except on holidays and during the vacation. (Act of Common Council, 1331, 4 Elw. III.) Formerly on Monday, in later times on Tuesday. 2. Formerly the Attorney of the Mayor's Court. Vide Report to the Court of Aldermen, agreed to 13th February, 1894. 40 Courts of Husting. The Common Cryer opens the Court by ordering the persons present to be uncovered in the Hall: and then makes the following proclamation : " Oyez, Oyez, Oyez. " All manner of persons who have been five "times called by virtue of any exigent directed " to the Sheriffs of London and have not surren- " dered their bodies to the said Sheriffs, this " Court doth adjudge the men to be outlawed and " the women to be waived." When there are deeds to be enrolled, the Clerk of the Husting attends, and proclaims and recites the deeds. 3 The business being closed, the Common Cryer then makes the following proclamation : " Oyez, Oyez, Oyez. "All manner of persons who have anything " more to do at this Hustings of Pleas of Land 4 " may depart hence at this time and keep their " day here again at the next Hustings of Pleas "of Land." ' 3. Deeds may be registered and wills proved and enrolled in this Court, on being proved by the oath of two subscribing witnesses, and thereupon proclaimed. 4. Or " Common Pleas." Sessions for the City of London. 41 CHAPTER XL SESSIONS FOR THE CITY OF LONDON. sessions. "TlOUR Quarter sessions and such General sessions J- as may be necessary are held at Guildhall in Adjournment, every year; and as many adjournments of each as the business may require. Quarter The times for holding the Quarter sessions are regulated by Act of Parliament 1 ; the hour is usually eleven o'clock, unless otherwise ordered by the Lord Mayor. Gowns. The Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Recorder wear violet gowns at these sessions, except on red-letter days and birthdays of the Royal Family, when they appear in scarlet gowns. 1. See Statutes 11 Geo. IV and 1 Will. IV, cap. 70, sec. 35; and 57 Vic., cap. 6, sec. 1. 42 Soutliwark Sessions. Quarter Sessions. Adjourn- ments. Attendance. Gowns. CHAPTER XII. SOUTHWARK SESSIONS. OUR quarter sessions are annually appointed to be held for the town and borough of South- wark, 1 on days also fixed by the Justices, according to the Act of Parliament 2 ; and the sessions may be adjourned as the business may require. The Lord Mayor for the time being, and any two Aldermen who have passed the chair, and the Recorder or three Aldermen who have passed the chair, and the Recorder must be present to hold a Court, in attendance. The High Bailiff and his Officers are also The Lord Mayor and Aldermen wear violet gowns, except on red-letter days. The Recorder attends in his black gown, and the High Bailiff' in a black Court dress; the Clerk of the Peace in a bar dress, and the Officers of the High Bailiff in o;owns. 1. 1327. 1 Edw. III. By a charter of this date, in consequence of felons, thieves, mid malefactors escaping into Southwark, beyond the attachment of the ministers of the City, the town of Southwark was granted to the citizens of London. And in the charter of the 2 Edw. IV, 14(32. the above grant is recited and confirmed. 1550, 4 Edw. VI. A more extensive charter, confirming all the liberties before specified, with the most extensive jurisdiction of every kind, was granted to the Mayor, Commonalty, and citizens ; and the Mayor, Recorder, and all the Aldermen who have passed the Chair were made Justices of Southwark. 2. See Statutes, 11 Geo. IV and 1 Will. IV, cap. 70, sec. 35; and 57 Vic., cap. 6, sec. 1. Steward's Court, Southwark. 43 CHAPTER XIII. STEWARD'S COURT, SOUTHWARK. THE Eecorder of London, as Steward of South- wark, at the commencement of the Mayoralty, appoints the days for holding his Courts 1 for the year. CHAPTER XIV. ST. THOMAS'S DAY. December 21st or the day after. IN the beginning of the month of December the following precept is, at the request of the Court of Aldermen, issued by the Lord Mayor, under the seal of the office of Mayoralty, to the Alderman of each Ward, requiring him to convene a Wardmote on St. Thomas's day, for the choosing of the officers of the Ward for the ensuing year. " By the MAYOR. " To the Alderman of the Ward of " We charge and command you that upon St. " Thomas's day the Apostle next coming you do " hold your Wardmote, and that you have afore 1. These Courts, and the view of frankpledge, are granted and con- firmed by the charters referred to in the notes to the preceding chapter. The Court of Record is for the trial of actions of debt, trespass, and other matters, without limit of amount. Common Council. 44 St. Thomas's Day. " us at the General Court of Wardmote, to be " holden at Guildhall the Monday next after the " feast of the Epiphany next coming, your Return " to this precept ; except as hereinafter provided " in respect of the return to be made of the " names of the persons chosen to be of the " Common Council of this City. " And that you cause to be chosen - - men " of the most sufficient and discreet men of your " said Ward, to be for your said Ward of the " Common Council of this City for the year en- " suing, according to the custom in that behalf " yearly used. Declaration. " And also, that you do cause the said persons " so elected, to make and subscribe a declaration " before you, and in your presence, in accordance " with the provisions, etc., of the Promissory " Oaths Act, 1868, the tenor of which declaration " is in your Wardmote book. " And that you do make a return to the Town "clerk of this City of the names of the persons " elected to be of the Common Council ; such " return to be signed and delivered at the time " and in the manner prescribed by an Act of " Common Council of the 10th day of December, " 1857, together with a certificate of the names of " all such elected Common Councilmen as shall "not have made the said declaration at your " Wardmote. Beadles. "And that also, in the said Wardmote, you " cause to be chosen - other person to be Return, Common Council. St. Thomas's Day. 45 Roll of Names. Beadle's Roll. Hucksters of Ale and Beer. Articles. " beadle , according to the custom yearly used in " that behalf. "Also, that you keep a roll of the names, " surnames, professions, and trades of all persons " occupying within your ward, wherein the place " of their occupation is to be specially noted, by " street, lane, or alley. " And also, that vou cause the beadle within " your Ward from time to time to certify unto you "the name, surname, profession, and trade of " every person who shall be newly come to occupy " within the Ward, whereby you may make and " keep your roll perfect ; and that you cause the " said beadle to that purpose to make and keep a " perfect roll in like manner. " Also, that no person keep any public-house "within your ward that is not licensed at the " sessions, according to the statutes ; and that " such publicans do observe all the laws now in " force for the regulation and good government " of the several public -houses within this city. " Also, that you have a special care of keeping " the peace and good order during your Ward- " mote, and if any offend herein, you fine or " punish him or them according to law. " You are hereby enjoined to cause this precept " to be read at your Wardmote. " And whereas it has been customary to return " the names of the Common Councilmen without " inserting the Companies of which they are free, " by which some inconveniences have arisen ; you 46 St. Thomas's Day. Acts of Parliament. " are hereby required for the future to cause to " be inserted in your Wardmote Indenture the " Company of which each respective Common " Councilman is a member : or, if a freeman only, " to so state it. "Dated at Guildhall, London, under the seal " of the office of Mayoralty of the said City, the - day of - - in the - - year of the " reign of our Sovereign Lord Edward the " Seventh, by the grace of God of the United "Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and of " the British Dominions beyond the seas, King, " Defender of the Faith, and in the year of our " Lord One thousand nine hundred and - " BELL." Copies of the following Acts of Parliament : the City of London Election Act, 11 Geo. I, cap. 13; the City of London Police Act, 2-3 Vic., cap. xciv; -the Promissory Oaths Act, 1868, 31 and 32 Vic., Declarations, cap. 72; The City of London Ballot Act, 1867, 50 Vic., cap. xiii ; as also the several Declarations required by these last-mentioned Acts, and the opinion of counsel upon them are supplied to the Ward Clerks. The Wardmote (or Folkmote of the Ward) is held on St. Thomas's day (or, should it fall on a Sunday, the following day) in every Ward in the City, in pursuance of the above precept. The Alderman presides at the Court or, in his absence, the Lord Mayor. 1 The violet gown is worn, and, if the Alder- man has passed the chair, the gold chain also. Wardmote. St. Thomas's Day. 47 Regulations. The following regulations for holding the Ward- motes on St. Thomas's day have been agreed to by the Court of Aldermen. Uniformity. 1. The Wardmote in each of the respective Wards (being the same Court) is to be held in one uniform manner, and with one uniform course of proceeding. summons. 2. A week before the Wardmote, a summons is to be left by the beadle at the house or place of business of every qualified inhabitant in the Ward, in the following form 2 : " Ward of - " By virtue of a precept from the Right " Honourable the Lord Mayor, you are hereby 1. The Lord Mayor first holds his own Wardmote, and afterwards any other where the Alderman may be absent, or the office vacant. The Lord Mayor goes in his state carriage and in his scarlet gown, and is attended by the Swordbearer and the Common Cryer. and by the City Marshal. The City Solicitor, as Attorney-in-Waiting, also attends. 2. Copy of the Opinion of Mr. Recorder and Mr. Common Serjeant rela- tive to the right of Attendance at Wardmotes and power of exclusion therefrom : " ( I.) We are of opinion that the Alderman holding a Wardmote has the right to exclude all persons who are strangers to the Ward, but he cannot limit the attendance to those only who are on the current Ward List. We think all ' Inhabitants ' of the Ward, that is, Inhabitant-Householders, or Inhabitants paying scot and bearing lot, being males of full age. have a right to be present, though not entitled to vote for Common Councilmen. " (2.) The Alderman has the right to order the removal of persons creating a disturbance, or preventing the transaction of business. He has no right to order' them into custody, or summarily to punish them. For any riot, obstruction, or breach of the peace, they must be dealt with. in the Magistrate's Court. " (3.) The only practical advice we can give is that a Notice should be printed on the Summons, requesting each person to bring the Summons with him, and stating that none but Inhabitants of the Ward will be admitted. " Persons who cannot give some evidence that they are Inhabitants can then be excluded. "(Signed) FORREST FULTON li (Recorder"), 11 F. A. BOSANQUET "(Common Serjeant*). "Guildhall, E.C., December 6th, 1905." 48 St. Thomas's Day. Proclamation Precept. Police Act. "required by the Worshipful [or the Eight " Worshipful, as the case may be~] 3 A.B., Alderman " of this Ward [or the Right Honourable the " Lord Mayor, if he preside'], to make your per- " sonal appearance at a Wardmote to be holden " before him on - , at - - o'clock precisely, " at - , for the purpose of electing ward " officers for the year ensuing. Hereof fail not. " C. D., Ward Beadle." 3. The Wardmote is opened by the beadle in the following words : " Oyez, Oyez, Oyez. "Ah 1 manner of persons who have anything " to do at this Court of Wardmote for the Ward " of - , holden here this day before the Wor- " shipful [or Right Worshipful, as the case may " le~] A .B., Alderman of the same Ward [or the " Right Honourable the Lord Mayor, if he " preside'], draw near and give your attendance. " God save the King." 4. Immediately afterwards the beadle says : " All persons here present are commanded to " keep silence whilst the precept is read." Which is done accordingly by the Ward Clerk. 5. So much of the Act 2 and 3 Viet. c. 94, for regulating the Police of the City of London, as relates to the suspension of the election of Ward Constables, is then read. 3. The Aldermen who have passed the Chair have the title of " Right Worshipful" and those below the Chair that of "Worshipful." St. Thomas's Day. 49 Common Council. Declaration. Deputy. 6. The election is then made of persons to serve in the Common Council, being freemen, either householders within the ward, according to the laws, customs, and usages of the City, or occupying in conformity with the fifth section of the 12th and 13th Viet., cap. 94. If a poll be demanded, the City of London Ballot Act 50 and 51 Vict.> cap. 13, defines the course of proceeding, and must be strictly observed. 4 Under the City of London Ballot Act, the Presid- ing Officer, as the Returning Officer, may, where an equality of votes is found to exist, give an addi- tional vote. There is precedent, however, for an alternative course by making a double return, which is reported at the Grand Court of Wardmote with a letter from the Alderman of the Ward, when the consideration thereof is adjourned, and the Return, together with the letter of the Alderman, is laid before the first Court of Aldermen, which usually requests the Lord Mayor to issue his precept for the return of a Common Councilman for the Ward. 5 The Common Councilmen elected severally make and subscribe the declaration following : " I A .B. do solemnly, sincerely, and truly " declare that I will faithfully perform the duties " of Common Councilman of the City of London." The necessary forms accompany the precept. The Alderman then declares who shall be his Deputy for the year ensuing. He must be a 4. For full particulars tee Wardmote Book. 5. See alto Plow Monday. 50 St. Thomas's Day. Common Councilman of the Ward, and upon his removal therefrom ceases to be Deputy. 6 7 Beadie. 7. The election of Beadle next takes place. By Act of Common Council of the 10th day of October, 1663, the Alderman and Common Council- men return two names to the Ward as fit persons to be beadles, one of whom is elected for the year ensuing, by the occupiers in the Ward, as specified in the Act 12 and 13 Viet., cap. 94; and makes Declaration on Plow Monday, at the Grand Court of Wardmote at Guildhall. Expenses. g. The Deputy lays the accounts of the Ward Expenses for the last year on the table, previously audited by the Common Councilmen, and the Ward Clerk reads the same. Estimate. 9. An estimate of the incidental expenses of the Ward for the year ensuing is then presented for approval and allowance, and signed by the Alder- man, Deputy, and Common Councilmen, or the major part of them. Ward cierk. 10. Any general or special business of the Wardmote is afterwards transacted, and the Alder- man appoints the Ward Clerk by an appointment in writing, in the following form : 6. Act of Common Council, 6th December, 1712. 7. On any vacancy occurring in the Office of Alderman, that of his Deputy, de facto, ceases. St. Thomas's Day. 51 " I the undersigned A . B., Alderman of the " Ward of - , do hereby appoint Mr. C. D. " Ward Clerk of the said Ward for the year en- " suing. " Witness my hand this day of - ,19 (Signed) "A.B., Alderman. N.B. The return to the precept must be duly signed, and delivered to the Town Clerk, in pursuance of the provisions of the Act of Common Council of the 10th day of December, 1857. A proper form is given to the Ward Clerks for the presentment and return. No other business but the preceding should be introduced until the above has been gone through. Adjournment After which, the Court is to be adjourned in the following form : " Oyez, Oyez, Oyez. " All ye good men of the Ward of , " summoned here to this Wardmote, may depart " hence ; and ye are required to give your attend- " ance here again [if a poll be demanded'] to- " morrow morning [or wJien the tVardmote is " completed, may depart hence, and give your "attendance when again summoned]. And " hereof fail not. " God save the King." E 2 52 St. Thomas's Day. d^iJthe When a vacancy occurs in the course of the year year. by ^ e death, resignation or disqualification of a Common Councilman or Beadle, the Ward Clerk applies to the Lord Mayor to issue his precept for a Wardmote for the election of a successor, and the return is sent to the Town Clerk in the usual form. The member elected makes a Declaration of Office at the next meeting of the Court of Common Council. In the absence of the Alderman, the Deputy may hold a Wardmote, except on St. Thomas's Day. The form of precept is as follows, viz. : - MAYOR. " To the Alderman of the Ward of - , and " to the Deputy of the said Ward. " These are to require you to cause a Wardmote "to be summoned, and held in some convenient " place within the said Ward, on such day and hour " as to you shall seem meet, for the election of one " fit and able person to be of the Common Council " for the Ward of - for the remainder of the "year 19 [ 8 pursuant to a request of the Court of "Aldermen, holden on the day of , and " certified to me under the hand of the Town Clerk "of the City of London], and hereof fail not. " Dated this - - day of - -, 19, " Mayor." 8. These words are inserted when the Precept is so ordered to be issued. Plow Monday. 53 Summons. Guildhall. CHAPTER XV. PLOW MONDAY : GRAND COURT OF WARDMOTE 1 . (The first Monday after the Epiphany.) THE Aldermen are summoned to meet at Guild- hall in their scarlet gowns, at one o'clock precisely, to hold this Court. The summons is in the following form : " Your Worship is desired to be at the Grand " Court of Wardmote, at Guildhall, on Monday " next, being Plow Monday, the day of " January, 19 , at one o'clock in the afternoon, " in your scarlet gown ; to receive the present- " ments 1 of the several Wards. Swordbearer. "N.B. The Lord Mayor will take the chair at " one o'clock precisely. " Swordbearer's Office, Mansion House, " January, 19." The Lord Mayor, attended by the Sheriffs, 2 comes in state from the Mansion House to Guildhall. 1. This Court is now held for the purpose of receiving the Keturns from the several Wards, which, by an Act of Common Council of the 10th December, 1857, and by Resolution of the Court of Aldermen of the llth March, 1862, are now delivered to the Town Clerk ; also any petitions against the Returns, and to admit by declaration the City Marshal, the Ward Beadles, and others, as extra Constables. No other business is transacted at this Court. Matters requiring further consideration are reported to the next Court of Aldermen. The Deputy Registrar of the Mayor's Court attends to admit by declaration the City Marshal, Beadles, and others, as Constables. 2. The Recorder is not summoned to attend this Court. 54 Plow Monday. Dinner. j n ^g evening the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress entertain the household and certain other Corporation Officials at dinner. The officers are received in the state drawing- room by the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress. At the hour of dinner the Lady Mayoress is conducted to her seat by the Swordbearer, and the Lady Mayoress's friend by the Common Cryer. The Chap- lain faces the Lord Mayor, and grace having been said, the dinner commences. The Swordbearer proposes the health of the Lord Mayor, and the Chaplain that of the Lady Mayoress. Christmas Holidays. 55 CHAPTER XVI. CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS. scarlet T]7 an y Court of Aldermen or Sessions take place gowns. I between the 25th of December and the 6th of January, both inclusive, the Lord Mayor and Aldermen should wear their scarlet gowns, accord- ing to ancient custom, it being the Christmas holidays. CHAPTER XVII. FIRST STATE DINNER. Aldermen. m HE first state dinner which the Lord Mayor gives, after his election, is to his brethren of the Court of Aldermen, and their ladies, and the Officers of the Court, and is called the Aldermen's dinner. This is given on the evening of the first meeting of the Court of Aldermen after Plow Monday. Common The Lord Mayor also receives at dinner, on the Council. evening of the meeting of the first Court of Com- mon Council after Plow Monday, or on such evening as the Lord Mayor may appoint, the Members of that Court, together with certain Officials. 56 State Dinner to His Majesty 1 s Ministers. CHAPTER XVIII. STATE DINNER TO HIS MAJESTY'S MINISTERS. 1 T^HE State dinner to His Majesty's Ministers J- was given when convenient to the Prime Minister, with whom the Lord Mayor fixed the day, generally the latter end of the month of July or early in August. Full Court dress, with swords. Each Alderman was attended by his servant, if in livery. CHAPTER XIX. LEVEES. THE Lord Mayor and Sheriffs usually attend the first Levee of the year, and on this occasion his Lordship presents his Chaplain. The Lord Mayor is presented by the Prime Minister ; the Sheriffs by the Home Secretary. Full Court dress, the Lord Mayor wearing the Collar of SS., and the Sheriffs their chains. COURTS. His Lordship also usually attends the first Court in his Mayoralty, accompanied by the Lady 1. This dinner has been discontinued for some years. Levees and Courts. 57 Mayoress and any of his Lordship's family who are to be presented. Entree. The Lord Mayor at the commencement of his year of office communicates with the Lord Cham- berlain, and requests the privilege of the Entree or Special Entrance to Levees and Courts for himself and the Lady Mayoress, which is always granted. The same privilege is granted to the Sheriffs and their ladies. 1 1. Sec correspondence. 1839, between Mr. Alderman Wilson, then Lord Mayor, and the Lord Steward ; by which it appears that some question having arisen as to the Lord Mayor's privilege to go to the levee by Pall Mall, the end of St. James's Street, and Cleveland Row, into the Ambassa- dor's Court, and so to the entree entrance, a correspondence ensued between the Lord Mayor and the Commissioners of Police, in communication with the Lord Steward, on the question whether the Lord Mayor was to go by Constitution Hill, or be allowed by the police to pass through the rank at the bottom of St. James's Street. The Lord Mayor grounded his claim on immemorial usage, in consequence of his magisterial and public duties, which made it necessary for him to proceed by the shortest route. His Lordship's carriage was ordered by the Lord Steward to be allowed to pass on that occasion by Pall Mall ; subject to further consideration for the future. And on a further remonstrance by the Lord Mayor, the corres- pondence being laid before the Lord Steward for his further directions, a letter was sent from the Board of Green Cloth to the Commissioners of Police, with the orders of His Grace, that : " when the Lord Mayor comes " to Court, his Lordship's progress may be facilitated through Pall Mall "and Cleveland row, instead of the usual route by Constitution-hill gate." 58 Spital Sermon. CHAPTER XX. SPITAL SERMON : SECOND WEDNESDAY AFTER EASTER. Preacher. A BOUT a fortnight before the commencement of -*. Lent, the Lord Mayor communicates with the Archbishop of Canterbury, -and requests him to nominate a Bishop to preach the Spital Sermon. A reply is sent by His Grace to the Lord Mayor, who communicates the same to the Court of Alder- men, and a Resolution is thereupon passed request- ing the Bishop named to preach the sermon. The Lord Mayor also appoints the Church, which is usually Christ Church, Newgate Street. This sermon was for some years previous to 1903 preached on Easter Tuesday. It is now preached on the second Wednesday after Easter. 1 A week before the appointed day the following summons is issued by the Swordbearer : " SIR - : ' Your Worship is desired to be at the Man- " sion House on Wednesday, the - - day of - , " 19 , at One o'clock in the Afternoon, to " luncheon, in your Scarlet Gown, to proceed from " thence to Christ Church, at Half -past Two " o'clock precisely, to hear the Spital Sermon 1. See Order of Court of Aldermen, 13th February, 1903. Spital Sermon. 59 " preached by the Right Reverend the Lord I " Bishop of . ^ Swordbearer. " Divine Service will commence at Three o'clock " precisely. " Swordbearer's Office, Mansion House, " Tuesday, - -, 19." Mansion The Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, City Officers, and Under Sheriffs, in full state, assemble with their ladies at the Mansion House at one o'clock, and luncheon is served. 2 After luncheon a procession is formed, and the company leave the Mansion House, conducted by the City Marshal, in the order as set out in Chapter I. The City Trumpeters attend, and immediately precede the Lord Mayor's carriage. Church. At the church distinct and separate places, kept exclusively by the proper authorities, are provided for the Lady Mayoress and her party; the Lady Mayoress sitting in the centre, and the Sheriffs' .ladies on either side. On entering the Church the procession divides on each side, leaving room for the Lord Mayor, Lady 2. Formerly the boys of Christ's Hospital attended at the Mansion House on Easter Tuesday, previously to the Spital Sermon being preached at Christ Church, Newgate Street, and received gifts from the Lord Mayor. This latter custom is r.ow observed on St. Matthew's Day. when the boys come from Horsham for such purpose. For Ceremony see page 111. 60 Spital Sermon. Mayoress, and others in succession, to proceed to their seats. The Chaplain occupies a seat with the Bishop who is to preach the sermon. sermon. The sermon is preached by the Bishop, nominated Governors. as before mentioned. The Governors of all the Royal Hospitals and the Members of the Common Council are summoned to attend this sermon. Return. After the service the procession returns to the Mansion House; the Lord Mayor going first and the others following according to their rank in the same order as they went. Easter Banquet. 61 CHAPTER XXL EASTER BANQUET. Dinner. On the evening of the same day the Lord Mayor gives an entertainment in the Egyptian Hall, includ- ing Members of the Royal Family, the Diplomatic Corps, the Bishops, the Judges, the Presidents and Treasurers of the Royal Hospitals, and such other distinguished guests as the Lord Mayor may invite. intro- The company at the entertainment are intro- ductions. duced in the same manner as at the Guildhall on Lord Mayor's day; and, upon dinner being an- nounced, the ,Lord Mayor and the distinguished guests go into the Hall, as at Guildhall. All attend the entertainment in full Court dress. Coach Orders. Each Alderman, the Recorder, the Sheriffs, and the Chamberlain have four, and the Town Clerk two, 1 coach orders, which are sent to them by the Remembrancer. Servants. The Aldermen, Sheriffs, and Officers may have their own servants, if in livery, to wait upon them at the banquet. Cards. Cards for the other City Officers and their ladies and for all guests invited are issued by the Private Secretary of the Lord Mayor. 1. The Aldermen usually send the names of the guests they invite with their coach orders, to the Lord Mayor, in order that they may be provided with suitable places. 62 Easter Banquet. Should an Alderman bring a lady in addition to his wife, she can only be admitted by one of his four coach orders. Each Alderman is entitled to two seats for ladies, one on either side of him ; but can- not place a gentleman in either of such seats. The Aldermen, 2 as a rule, sit alternately on the right and left of the Lord Mayor, according to their seniority. 2. At the Mansion House Banquets the Aldermen are entitled to be seated alternately right and left of the Lord Mayor with the other principal guests, but when the number of important personages is large, the two Senior Aldermen present at least, are seated a short distance from and on either side of the Lord Mayor, and the other Members of the Court on the inner side of the top table, and in emergency at the top of the cross tables. The Sheriffs sit at either end of the top table right and left of the Lord Mayor. At the Banquets of the Livery Companies the Lord Mayor is seated on the right of the Master or Prime Warden, the Aldermen present, with other principal guests, being on either side, and the Sheriffs right and left below the Aldermen. This ceremonial is also followed at Corporation Com- mittees' Entertainments. Dinner to the Judges. 63 CHAPTER XXII. DINNER TO THE JUDGES. is a Court dress dinner, without gowns or robes, but the Lord Mayor wears his enter- taining robe and the collar of SS., and the Senior Aldermen their chains. DINNER TO THE ARCHBISHOPS AND BISHOPS. Costume as above. CHAPTER XXIII. DINNER: HOME SECRETARY. The Sovereign's Birthday. ON this day the Secretary of State for the Home Department invites the Lord Mayor, the Sheriffs, the Recorder and the Common Serjeant, to dine with him. This is a state dinner; and all guests attend in Court dress, with swords. 64 Fruiterers' Company. CHAPTER XXIV. FRUITERERS' COMPANY. THE Worshipful Company of Fruiterers of Lon- don, according to a very ancient custom, have the honour of sending annually, to the Lord Mayor for the time being, a present of fruits of various kinds, and of the finest description that can be procured. Dinner. About the last week in June or the first week in July, the Master and Wardens of the Fruiterers' Company, attended by their Clerk, wait upon his Lordship to learn his pleasure as to receiving the fruit, and the time for its delivery, which is then arranged. The Lord Mayor subsequently invites the Court and Officers of the Company and their Ladies to dinner, at the Mansion House in the month of Sep- tember or October. This is a loving-cup or state- dinner. The Lord Mayor invites civic or private friends to meet the Company ; but according to ancient custom, the Master and Wardens of the Fruiterers' Company take precedence of all other guests, the Lord Mayor taking the Master's Lady in to dinner, and the Master of the Company having the honour of taking in the Lady Mayoress. Livery Cloth. CHAPTER XXV. 65 LIVERY CLOTH. 1 PRECEDING the first Court of Aldermen in the month of December, the Livery Cloth Com- mittee of the whole Court of Aldermen meets at Guildhall, to inspect and select the cloth annually sent to the great Officers of State and other parties, according to ancient custom; the list of whom follows : Lord Chancellor. Lord Chief Justice of England. Master of the Rolls. Lord Chamberlain of His Majesty's Household. Vice Chamberlain. Lord Steward. Treasurer. / Comptroller. Secretary of State, Home Department. Secretary of State, Foreign Department. Mr. Attorney-General. Mr. Solicitor-General. Mr. Recorder. Mr. Chamberlain. Mr. Common Serjeant. 1. In the early periods of our history, the retainers of great lords, wearing their liveries, were so numerous as to be dangerous both to the King and the laws. The disorders arising from them required all the vigour of the King and the Legislature to restrain ; and many statutes, commencing from the 1st of Richard II (1377). and extending to the 19th of Henry VII (1504), were passed for that purpose; an exception being introduced in the prohibition, in favour of guilds and fraternities, and men of the misteries of cities and boroughs. This probably gave rise to the liverymen of the several companies, and is supposed to be the origin of the gift of this livery cloth. V 66 Livery Cloth. 6 yards, Mr. Town Clerk ; and 6 yards of green cloth. 4 ditto, Principal Clerk in the Town Clerk's office ; and 4 yards of green cloth. CLOTH NOTKS are also issued in December at the meeting of the Livery Cloth Committee, as under : 4 yards, 16s. per yard. Attorney in Exchequer. 4 yards, ditto. Attorney in Chancery. 4 yards, ditto. The Cashier from the Chamberlain's Office attending the Committee. 4 yards, 12s. per yard. Mr. Recorder's Clerk. 4 yards, ditto. Usher to the Court of Aldermen. CHAPTER XXVI. VENISON WARRANTS. IN July and December Warrants for venison from the Royal Forests are issued to the Remem- brancer for the Lord Mayor, the Sheriffs, and certain Officers of the Corporation. The warrants 1 in July are for bucks, and those in December for does. Communications took place upon the subject between the City of London and the Lords of the 1. These warrants had their origin in the early Charters granted to the City of London in which their huntings were secured to the Citizens. Venison Warrants. 67 Treasury, during the years 1856, 1857, and 1858, when an arrangement was made that, in conse- quence of the great reduction of venison in the Royal forests, the City should receive twelve bucks and twelve does annually, in lieu of the eighteen bucks and eighteen does to which it is legally entitled, to be distributed in the following manner : For The Right Hon. the i -*/,- ( Four bucks and four does. Lord Mayor j The Sheriffs - - - - Three bucks and three does. The Recorder - - - - One buck and one doe. The Chamberlain - - - One buck and one doe. The Town Clerk - - - One buck and one doe. The Common Serjeant - One buck and one doe. The Remembrancer - - One buck and one doe. Subsequent correspondence took place with the Remembrancer in 1859, when some of the Roval / herds suffered from Rabies, and it was desired to save an extra number of does until the normal size of the herds was restored. There was also correspondence in Sir R. N. Fowler's Mayoralty, 1884-5. F 2 68 Royal Academy Dinner. CHAPTER XXVII. ROYAL ACADEMY DINNER. Usually the Saturday before the 1st of May. Dinner. TP HE Lord Mayor is invited to dine with the President of the Royal Academy, at the annual dinner given previous to the public opening of the Exhibition of Pictures. Plain evening dress, with ribbon and jewel. CHAPTER XXVIII. QUEEN ANNE'S BOUNTY. Between the 1st of February and the 1st of July. First Fruits, ^p jjg First Fruits and Tenths, which had been by etc. J the statute of the 26th Hen. VIII., cap. 3 1534. (1534), annexed to the Crown, and by a statute of the 1st of Elizabeth, cap. 4, were restored to the Crown, were, by Queen Anne, on her birthday, the 1703 - 6th of February, 1703, proffered to the House of Commons, to be applied to the increase of small benefices. ap. TTpon Her Majesty's message to the House, a Bill was brought in enabling the Queen to alienate Queen Anne's Bounty. this branch of the revenue, and to create a Corpora- tion by charter for applying it to the use Her Majesty proposed; which Bill was speedily carried, and passed into a law. Under the powers given by the Act of Parlia- ment, Queen Anne, on the 3rd of November in the Corporation, third year of her reign (1704), incorporated by charter the Privy Council, the Bishops, the Judges, and, amongst others, " Sir John Parsons, Knight, " Mayor of the City of London, and the Mayor of " the City of London for the time being ; all and " every the Aldermen of the City of London now " and for the time being, etc.," to be a body cor- porate, by the name of " the Governors of the " Bounty of Queen Anne, for the augmentation of " the maintenance of the poor clergy." And direc- tions are given by the Charter that four general Courts in the year should be held in the four quarterly months of December, March, June, and September. Courts. 3 Geo. I, cap. 10. i and 2 Viet., cap. 20. sec. 17. Further provisions for the collecting and levying the Tenths were made by an Act in the reign of George the First. And by the Act of the 1st and 2nd Viet., cap. 20, an extraordinary meeting is to be summoned once in the year, between the 1st of February and the 1st of July, by notice in the London Gazette at least fourteen days previously. Notice. Place of Meeting. 70 Queen Anne's Bounty. When these meetings are held, it is the practice for a notice to be sent from the office of the Secre- tary of the said Corporation, to the Swordbearer, to inform the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of the ap- pointment ; and the usual summonses are issued by him accordingly. The Governors meet at the office of the Corpora- tion in Dean's yard, Westminster, and usually about two o'clock; the Archbishop of Canterbury taking the chair. CHAPTER XXIX. ST. PAUL'S: SONS OF THE CLERGY. May. SOME time in May the Lord Mayor goes in state, accompanied by the Aldermen and Sheriffs, in scarlet gowns, to St. Paul's Cathedral, on the occa- sion of the Festival of the Sons of the Clergy. 1 The Lady Mayoress's seat is kept for her lady- ship and seats for such of the Aldermen's and Sheriffs' ladies as attend. 1. Before the day appointed the secretary waits upon the Lord Mayor and receives his Lordship's subscription of 21?. The Sheriffs each sub- scribe 311. 10,., unless they have previously been Stewards at the Festival, in which event their subscription is 211. A collection is made after the Service. St. Paul's. 71 Merchant After the service is ended, the Lord Mayor goes Taylors' . J B Hail. in state, preceding every one (even the Royal Dinner. Family), to Merchant Taylors' Hall, to dinner; where he takes the chair. The Archbishop of Canterbury, and others pre- sent at the church, go in the procession. Royal The Royal Steward (if there be one) sits on the Steward. J Lord Mayor's right hand; the Archbishop of Can- terbury on his left. The Aldermen have places at the same table, being in full Court dress and scarlet The Swordbearer, the Common Cryer, and the City Marshal precede the Lord Mayor from the drawing-room to the dining-room. 2. The Swordbearer should see that seats are provided at this table for the Aldermen who attend in their gowns. 72 Hospital Sunday. CHAPTER XXX. DINNER AT LAMBETH PALACE. June. sons of the TI1HE Archbishop of Canterbury generally in this month entertains the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, and such of the Aldermen as attended the anniver- sary sermon of the Corporation of the Sons of the Clergy, at dinner, in the great hall at Lambeth Palace, with the Bishops, Clergy, and other mem- bers of that Corporation. Dre s . This is a state dinner; full Court dress, sword, lace ruffles and frills. St. Paul's. CHAPTER XXXI. HOSPITAL SUNDAY. TTPON the day appointed, usually the second vJ Sunday in June, for making a general collec- tion in the churches and chapels throughout the Metropolis, for the benefit of the several hospitals and dispensaries, the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs attend in state at the morning- 1 service in St. Paul's Cathedral. 1. Should the day appointed be also the day for the attendance of the JuJges (see page 104), the Service is held in the afternoon. Aldermen. 73 Westminster Abbey. Precept. The Lord Mayor leaves the Mansion House at ten o'clock, and divine service commences at half- past ten o'clock. A service is also held in the afternoon at West- minster Abbey, commencing at a quarter past three, when a collection is also made for the hos- pital fund. The Lord Mayor and Sheriffs attend in state. CHAPTER XXXII. ALDERMEN. ALDERMEN were elected every year until the reign of Edward III or Richard II, 1 since which time they have been elected for life. The Aldermen are Magistrates of the City by virtue of their office, and Commissioners of the Central Criminal Court, and in respect of their public duties have several privileges 2 and exemptions, both within and without the City, such as exemption from Offices and serving on Juries. On the death or resignation 3 ' 4 of an Alderman 1. Bohun's " Customs," p. 57. Edition 1723. 2. Aldermen are ex-officio Governors of the four Royal Hospitals, viz.. St. Bartholomew's, Christ's, Bridewell and Bethlem, and St. Thomas's, 3. The resignation dates from the date on which the Court accepts the surrender, not from the date of the letter of resignation. There are instances when the Court has postponed the consideration of the letter, and in a recent case (1897), the letter was withdrawn with the consent of the Court. 4. In the event of an Alderman becoming disqualified, ser Act of Parliament, 12 and 13 Victoria, cap. 94, section 9. 74 Aldermen. Wardmote. Presentation. Return of election. the Lord Mayor signs and issues his. precept for a Wardmote, to be summoned and held within fourteen days 8 next after such death or the acceptance of such resignation, Sundays excepted,for the election of a successor. On the day appointed the Lord Mayor attends the Wardmote in full state, acccom- panied by the Attorney in waiting. 6 When the Alderman chosen by the Ward is to be sworn into office, which cannot be until after seven clear days 7 from his election, 8 he attends at Guild- hall a quarter of an hour before the time for which the Court is summoned, 9 and waits in an adjoining room with those who are to present him, until summoned to the Court by the Common Cryer, who precedes him with the Mace. The City Solicitor, as the Attorney in waiting, attends the Court of Aldermen, and reads the return to the precept for the election. 5. Act of Common Council, 25th January, 1831. 6. The City Solicitor, ride foot-note 2, page 39. 7. Acts of Common Council. 20th September, 1711, and 15th April, 1714. 8. This interval is allowed to give an opportunity for enquiry to be made as to the fitness and qualification of the person returned, since it does not necessarily follow that the person chosen by the Ward should be sworn into Office. Instances have occurred of the person so elected being refused. This right of refusal on the part of the Court has been legally tested, and its validity affirmed by a Judgment of the House of Lords, 19th February, 1839. The right was last exercised in 1877, when the Court, after the person chosen and objected to by the Court had been three times returned by the Ward, at its next sitting proceeded to nominate and elect out of the whole body of the Citizens of the City a fit and proper person to be Alderman, and he was thereupon admitted and sworn into Office. An Alderman elected but refusing to take office is liable to a fine of 500 vide Act of Common Council, 17th December, 1812. 9. Notice of this is given to him by the Common Cryer. Aldermen. 75 Declaration and Oath. Gown. Costume. Upon which the question is put that the Alderman Elect be called in and sworn ; which being carried, the Common Cryer acquaints him accordingly. The Alderman Elect is then presented to the Court by some of the principal inhabitants of the Ward for which he is elected ; one of whom usually addresses the Court at the bar on the occasion. Upon the presentation being made they retire. The Alderman Elect appears in full dress, in his livery gown, or, if a Common Councilman, in his Mazarine Gown, and after having made and sub- scribed the declarations required by Act of Parlia- ment, is sworn into office. The Alderman is then clothed with the violet gown, the Aldermen present at the Court being in their scarlet gowns ; and the Swordbearer presents him to the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, in order of seniority, who each take him by the hand : he is then conducted to his seat, and the Officers in order of seniority congratulate him. At the close of the sitting the Lord Mayor in his state carriage takes him to the Mansion House, and in the evening entertains him and the other members of the Court, the Sheriffs, and the High Officers of the Corpora- tion, at dinner. 10 An Alderman's costume comprises : A scarlet gown. 10. This being a state day. the Under-Sheriffs are summoned to attend. 76 Aldermen. A violet gown. (Patterns of these are in the charge of the Robe-keeper, Guildhall.) The Lieutenancy Uniform (as an ex officio mem- ber of that Body). A black velvet Court suit, with steel buttons, lace jabot and ruffles, sword, silk stockings, shoes with steel buckles, and Court crush hat with steel orna- ments. A black cloth Court suit, with trousers, and Court crush hat, with silk ornaments. It is etiquette for an Alderman in the discharge of his duties, and where a special costume is not prescribed, to appear in dark morning dress, with white or black tie. An Alderman having passed the Chair has the Cap of Dignity attached to his gown, and is entitled to introduce a sword and mace into his badge. All summonses issued by the Swordbearer indi- cate the dress to be worn, and the almanac in the Aldermen's Pocket Book states whether S.G. or V.G. (scarlet or violet gowns) should be worn on all days when public duties are to be discharged. ROTAS OF ATTENDANCE OF ALDERMEN. Rotas are prepared in the Town Clerk's office for the attendance of Aldermen to perform the various duties attached to their office. They are submitted Aldermen. 77 to the General Purposes Committee of the Court for approval about a fortnight before the 8th of November. 11 The following is a list of such Rotas : Central Criminal Court. 12 Quarter Sessions and Sessions at Guildhall. Monthly Rota of Aldermen to keep the Court of Common Council. 13 Rota of Justices at Guildhall Justice Room daily. Ditto at Guildhall Summons Court on Tuesdays and Fridays. General Courts and other meetings of Governors of the Royal Hospitals. Sessions in the Borough of Southwark. To meet the Judges at St. Paul's Cathedral. To attend the Lord Mayor Elect on his presenta- tion to the Lord Chancellor. To attend the Lord Mayor to the Law Courts on the 9th November. 11. When an Alderman, from unavoidable absence for any lengthened period, is unable to perform his magisterial or other important duties, it is customary for him to apply to the Court of Aldermen for leave of absence. The application, if complied with, is referred to the General Purposes Committee to make the necessary arrangements consequent thereon. 12. Each Alderman on this Rota pledges himself to be present on the days selected by himself, or in default arranges for a substitute. The Aldermen select their days for attendance by Seniority at a Committee Meeting on the Friday before the Sessions open. In case of the absence of any Aldermen on the Kota and in default of any communication from him. the Senior Alderman on the Rota, or present, fills in his place, and he is advistd of it by the Town Clerk. 13. If an Alderman on any Rota is prevented from attending he must provide a substitute. 78 Aldermen. Under the Prisons Acts, 1877-1898, and the subsequent rules made by the Secretary of State, a Visiting Committee of twelve Justices (six of the City of London and six of the County of Hoiioway. London) is annually appointed for Holloway Prison, and a Visiting Committee of fifteen Justices (six of the City of London and three each of the Counties of London, Middlesex and Surrey) for Brixton. Brixton Prison, the Justices of the City at a Special Session, and those of the respective Counties at a Quarter Session, to be held in the first whole week after the 28th of December ; and the duties of the committee are defined in the Rules made from time to time by the Secretary of State. The first meeting of such Visiting Committee must be held at the prison at noon on the first Monday in the month of February, unless varied by Standing Order. CHAPTER XXXIII. PRESERVATION OF THE PEACE. THE whole responsibility of maintaining public order and preserving the peace within the City devolves primarily upon the Commissioner of Police, Preservation of the Peace. 79 Should there be reason to apprehend an outbreak of riots or disturbances of a character more serious than the numerical strength of the police force might be sufficient to quell, it would become the duty of the Commissioner at once to communicate with the Lord Mayor, as the chief magistrate, with a view to the swearing-in of special constables to assist the police, in the manner prescribed by the " Special Constables Act (1 and 2 William IV., cap. 41)." The Secretary of State for the Home Depart- ment is also empowered by the Metropolitan Police Act in any case of special emergency, upon the ap- plication of the Lord Mayor, to authorize the em- ployment of a sufficient number of the Metropolitan Police Force to assist the police of the City in preserving order. In the further event of the presence of troops being requisite to support the civil power, an intimation to that effect would, on the representa- tion of the Lord Mayor, be made by the Secretary of State for the Home Department to the Secretary of State for War, who would thereupon issue the necessary instructions to the Commander-in-Chief. commissioner The office of Commissioner of Police of the Citv of Police. J of London is of comparatively recent origin ; it was created in the year 1839 by the 2nd and 3rd Vic- toria, cap. xciv. It is peculiar in its nature and 80 Preservation of the Peace. duties, differing in some respects from all other Offices in the City. The appointment is vested in the Corporation, who elect, subject to the approval of His Majesty, to be signified by one of His Majesty's principal Secretaries of State. Under Section 3 of the Act, the power of removal is vested in the Kingr or the Court of Mavor and Aldermen. o *j The Commissioner is entrusted with important powers, which, together with his duties are strictlv defined by the Act of Parliament under which he is appointed, and various other statutes. Under " Section 22 of the above Act, he is solely intrusted, subject to the consent of the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen, with the power of making regulations for the route to be observed by all carts, carriages, horses, and persons, and preventing ob- structions of the streets and thoroughfares within the City on ah 1 occasions of public processions, public rejoicings, or illuminations, and also for pre- venting obstructions, in any case when the streets or thoroughfares within the City may be thronged or may be liable to be obstructed. The Commissioner, with the consent of the Court of Mayor and Aldermen is also, by Section 1 1 of the Metropolitan Streets Act, 1867, entrusted with the making- of regulations as to Street Traffic, subject to the approval of one of His Majesty's principal Secretaries of State. Election of Sheriffs. CHAPTER XXXIV. Nomination. Provisions as to Aldermen. Fines. ELECTION OF SHERIFFS.- COMMON HALL. 24:th June. Midsummer Day. Office of Sheriff of London appears to have existed very shortly after the Conquest; and London appears to have been a County of itself from time immemorial. By an Act of Common Council, passed in 1878, ah 1 former Acts with regard to the Office of Sheriff were repealed, and it was enacted: That it shall be the duty of the Lord Mayor to nominate in the Court of Aldermen, between the 14th March and the 14th May in every year, one or more person or persons, but not exceeding three persons in the whole, to be put in nomination for the Office of Sheriff; That no Alderman shall be liable to serve the Office of Sheriff for twelve months from the Mid- summer day succeeding his admission into office as an Alderman ; That if any person nominated by the Lord Mayor to serve the Office of Sheriff shall within fourteen days after notice of such nomination pay to the Chamberlain the sum of 200/., together with the 82 Election of Sheriffs. Insufficiency of Wealth. Failure to take Office. Precept. usual fees, he shall be for ever exempted and dis- charged from such nomination and from serving the said office, unless he shall afterwards take upon him the Office of an Alderman, in which case he shall be liable to serve the Office of Sheriff, such payment notwithstanding ; That no freeman nominated or elected to the said office shall be discharged from such nomination or election for insufficiency of wealth, unless " he shall "voluntarily make oath before the said Court of " Lord Mayor and Aldermen that he does not pos- " sess real and personal estate, separately or to- "gether of the value of Thirty thousand pounds." 1 That it shall be the duty of the Town Clerk to report to the next Court of Common Council the non- execution of bonds or other the failure to take on themselves the office by persons elected Sheriff, and also that it shall be the duty of the City Solicitor to commence proceedings without further order for the enforcement of all fines incurred. By order of the Court of Aldermen a precept is issued, requiring the several Livery Companies to attend at Guildhall on Midsummer day. The following is the form of the precept : 1. The Court of Aldermen has the Right to discharge a Sheriff Elect for insufficient wealth, serving in the Militia, and other causes of a judicial nature ; and the Court of Common Council, for age. infirmity, and other causes. (Repertory 257, fos. 357-362 ; Journal 131, fo. 302.) Election of Sheriffs. 83 " By the MAYOR. " To the Masters and Wardens of the " Company of " These are to require you to cause all the " Livery of your Company to be summoned to " meet at Guildhall, on - - the 24th day of " June next, being Midsummer day, 2 by a quarter "to twelve of the clock in the forenoon, in their " livery gowns, for the election of Sheriffs and "other Officers annually chosen on that day. " Hereof you are not to fail. Dated the -- day "of- -,19 . " The Lord Mayor will take the chair at twelve " o'clock noon precisely. " BELL." " By the MAYOR. " These are to require you to cause the beadle " of your company or some other proper person " to attend at the door of his station at Guildhall, " on - , the 24th day of June next, by half- "past eleven of the clock in the forenoon, and "that to prevent inconvenience lie be provided " with a list of the Livery of your Company ; " and also that he do prevent any other than the " liverymen of your said company from entering " into the hall ; and that the said beadle or other " person do not depart from thence until the 2. By Act of Common Council, 2nd May, 1878, it is provided that when Midsummer Day falls on Sunday the elections shall be on the following day. In that case a preamble appears in the precept. 84 Election of Sheriffs. " Common Hall is adjourned or dissolved. Hereof "you are not to fail. Dated the day of " , 19 . " BELL." summons. Seven days before the 24th of June, the following summons is sent by the Swordbearer to the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, and Officers : " Your worship is desired to be at a Court of " Aldermen, at Guildhall, on - - next, the " 24th day of June, 19 , at a quarter to twelve " of the clock at noon, in your violet gown. , Swordbearer." " N.B. A Common Hall will be holden for the " election of Sheriffs, Chamberlain, and other " Officers, for the year ensuing ; for which pur- " pose the Lord Mayor will go upon the Hustings " at twelve o'clock precisely. " Swordbearer's Office, Mansion House, - 19." The Lord Mayor goes from the Mansion House to Guildhall in full state, attended by the Sheriffs; the Lord Mayor in his state carriage with six horses, wearing his scarlet robe and collar of SS. ; the Sheriffs in their state carriages, and scarlet robes, and gold chains ; 3 the Aldermen in violet gowns, and the Officers in their gowns : and on their arrival at Guildhall they assemble in the Alder- men's Room. 3. The chain is described in Chapter 36, Note 7, page 95. Election of Sheriffs. 85 Hustings. At twelve o'clock the Lord Mayor goes from the Aldermen's Court to the Hustings in the Great Hall, preceded by the City Officers, as in Chapter I. When the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Officers have taken their seats upon the Hustings, the Com- mon Hall is opened by the Common Cryer, after calling upon all non-liverymen to depart the Hall on pain of imprisonment, in the following form : Proclama- tion. " Oyez, Oyez, Oyez. :< You good men of the Livery of the several " Companies of this City, summoned to appear " here this day for the election of two fit and able "persons to be Sheriffs of this City, and other " Officers, for the year ensuing, draw near and " give your attendance. " God save the King." The Proceedings of the last Common Hall are then read by the Principal Clerk in the Town Clerk's Office. Recorder. After which the Recorder, in the same form as on Michaelmas Day (see Chapter I), or in his absence the Common Serjeant, acquaints the Livery with the nature of the duty they are called upon to dis- charge, and then the Lord Mayor, Aldermen who have served the office of Sheriff, and the Recorder retire to the Council Chamber, where the Sword is placed on the table on a bed of roses. 86 Election of Sheriffs. Court of Aldermen. Nomination. The Sheriffs, with the Common Serjeant between them, then advance to the front of the Hustings, when the Common Serjeant reads to the Livery a list of the persons to be put in nomination for Sheriffs, 4 Chamberlain, Bridge-masters, Ale-con- ners, and Auditors; and the Sheriffs, assisted by the Common Serjeant and other City Officers, pro- ceed to the elections, which are determined by show of hands, unless a poll be demanded (see page 10). When the elections are over, the Sheriffs, with the Common Serjeant between them, preceded by the City Marshal and the Common Cryer with the Mace on his shoulder, and followed by the City Officers, proceed to the Council Chamber, where the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen are sitting, the Lord Mayor being covered; and, after making three reverences to the Lord Mayor, each of which he ac- knowledges by taking off his hat, the Common Ser- jeant, in the name of the Sheriffs, reports the result of the elections. 5 Hustings. The Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Recorder, Sheriffs, and Officers (if there be no poll) proceed immedi- ately to the Hustings in the Great Hall, when the Recorder declares the persons elected, to the Com- mon Hall, and the Common Cryer calls upon the 4. The Aldermen who have not served the office of Sheriff are to be first put in nomination according to their seniority ; then the persons nominated by the Lord Mayor, after which, any person free of the City, nominated by two or more Liverymen. 5. When an Alderman is elected he becomes senior Sheriff, and when two Aldermen are elected, the senior Alderman becomes senior Sheriff. The number of votes does not influence precedency. Election of Sheriffs. 87 Proclama- tion. Poll. The other officers. Sheriffs Elect to come forth and declare their con- sent to take upon themselves their office. The Common Cryer then dissolves the Hall in the following form : " Oyez, Oyez, Oyez. ' You good men of the livery of the several " Companies of this City, summoned to appear "here this day for the election of two fit and " able persons to be Sheriffs of this City, and " other Officers, for the year ensuing, may depart "hence at this time, and give your attendance " here again upon a new summons. " God save the King." If a poll be demanded, the Sheriffs report the same to the Lord Mayor and Aldermen as before, and in due time proceed with the election according to law. 6 If a poll be demanded for Sheriffs, the elections for the other Officers are proceeded with and finished 7 (if no poll be demanded in respect to them). At the close of the Hall, the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, and Officers leave the Hustings in reverse order to that in Chapter I. 6. Sec page 10. 7. The Election of the Sheriffs requires the approval of the Sovereign. At the next or a subsequent Court of Aldermen the Sheriffs Elect attend and give bond in the penalty of 1,000 to take upon themselves the said Offices, notice being given them by the Common Cryer. The Chamberlain and Bridge Masters also attend and make the Declaration of Office. 88 Sovereign's Approval of Sheriffs. CHAPTER XXXV. THE SOVEREIGN'S APPROVAL OF THE CHOICE OF SHERIFFS. Ipp e r3' 8 pREVIOtIS to the 30th of September the King's Remembrancer attends by appointment with the Secondary at the office of the latter, when the City Solicitor and the Secondary are also present. The King's Remembrancer produces and hands over to the Secondary warrants tinder the Exchequer seal, signifying His Majesty's approval of the choice of Sheriffs by the Citizens of London for the ensuing year. The King's Remembrancer also produces a war- rant appointing him Attorney of the Sheriffs to receive all Exchequer writs, warrants, etc., which, at his request, the Secondary reads, and which are duly tiled and recorded. Subsequently, on a day appointed, the City Solicitor attends with the Secondary before the King's Remembrancer, at his office in the Royal Courts of Justice. The King's Remembrancer produces two warrants under seal, one for the appearance of the late Sheriffs to account, and the other for appointing the Secondary as their Attorney to render the said account on their behalf, both of which warrants, at the request of the Secondary, are duly tiled and recorded. Sovereign's Approval of Sheriffs. 89 Proclamation is then made in the following form: " Oyez, Oyez, Oyez. ' Tenants and Occupiers of the piece of waste " ground, called the Moors, in the County of " Salop, come forth and do your service." The City Solicitor thereupon, as the agent of the Corporation, renders a hatchet and a billhook, and cuts one faggot with the hatchet, and another with the billhook, as was formerly done at Westminster by the senior Alderman below the Chair. The following proclamation is then read : " Oyez, Oyez, Oyez. ' Tenants and occupiers of a certain tenement " called the Forge, in the parish of St. Clement "Danes in the County of Middlesex, come forth " and do your service." After the reading thereof the City Solicitor renders the horse-shoes and nails in the manner formerly done by the Alderman. There are six shoes and sixtv-one nails, which having been t> * Cj handed in, the King's Remembrancer asks " How many have you ? " and the City Solicitor, having counted them, replies, " Six shoes," and the King's Remembrancer says " Good number ; " and having counted the nails, the City Solicitor says " Sixty-one " nails," and the King's Remembrancer replies, " Good number." Sheriffs' Admission. Procession. 90 Sheriffs Admitted at Guildhall. CHAPTEE XXXVI. SHERIFFS ADMITTED AT GUILDHALL. 28th September. SEVEN days before the 28th September 1 , the following summons is sent by the Swordbearer to the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, and Officers : ' Your Worship is desired to be at a Court of " Aldermen, at Guildhall, on - , the 28th " day of September, 19 , at a quarter to one of " the clock in the afternoon, in your violet gown 2 ; " on the occasion of the Sheriffs Elect making the " necessary Declaration. , Swordbearer." " N.B. The Lord Mayor will take the chair at " one o'clock precisely." " Swordbearer's Office, " Mansion House." The Lord Mayor goes from the Mansion House to Guildhall in state, attended by the Sheriffs. The Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs in violet gowns ; the Officers in their gowns. On,their arrival at Guildhall they assemble in the Aldermen's Room. 1. If the 28th of September be on a Sunday, the Sheriffs are admitted the day before (the 27th), by statute 3 and 4 Will. TV, cap. 31 (1833) ; and Act of Common Council, 18th September. 1834. 2. When the election of Lord Mayor takes place on this day instead of Michaelmas Day (that falling on a Sunday), the violet gown is not used ; but the scarlet gown is worn for both ceremonies, and the Sheriffs Elect are admitted at eleven o'clock in the forenoon. Sheriffs Admitted at Guildhall. 91 Breakfast. Procession. Aldermen's Room. Great Hall. Common Cryer. The Sheriffs Elect, having previously invited the Aldermen and Officers to breakfast with them at the Hall of one of the Companies to which they belong, go from thence in their livery gowns 5 , attended by the Liveries of the Companies of the Sheriffs Elect, with such Aldermen and Officers as please to attend them, to Guildhall, where the livery form an avenue for the procession to pass through, from the great hall to the Aldermen's Room. If either of the Sheriffs Elect be an Alderman, he is conducted into the Aldermen's Room between two Aldermen above the chair; and if a Commoner, between two Aldermen below the chair. At one 4 o'clock the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Officers proceed from the Aldermen's Room into the Great Hall, 5 in the same order as in Chapter I. The Sheriffs Elect follow, in their livery gowns, 6 with their Under Sheriffs and Chaplains; the liveries of both Companies preceding them, and forming an avenue in the hall for the Sheriffs Elect to pass through. When the Lord Mayor and Aldermen are seated on the Hustings, the Common Cryer commands silence ; and calls upon the Sheriffs Elect by name to come forward and take upon themselves the Office of Sheriff of London. 3. If a Sheriff Elect be an Alderman he wears his violet gown, if a member of the Common Council, his mazarine gown. 4. Or eleven o'clock, as stated in Note 2 on preceding page. 5. At all public functions the gallery on the north side of the Hall is for the Lady Mayoress and her friends and the Aldermen's and Sheriffs' ladies. 6. See Note 3. 92 Sheriffs Admitted at Guildhall. Declarations. The Sheriffs Elect then come to the table, and make and subscribe the following declarations according to the Promissory Oaths Act. " The Declaration of the Sheriffs. "I, A.B., do solemnly and sincerely declare " that I will be good and true unto our Sovereign " Lord the King of the United Kingdom of Great " Britain and Ireland, and of the British Do- " minions beyond the Seas, and unto his heirs " and successors ; and the franchise of the City of " London within and without I will save and " maintain to my power. And I will well and " lawfully keep the shire of the City of London, " and the offices that to the same shire " pertain to be done well and lawfully I will do, " after my wit and power. And right I will do "as well to poor as rich, and good customs I will " none break, nor evil customs arrere. And the " judgments and executions of my Court I will " not tarry without cause reasonable, nor right " will I none disturb. And the writs that to me " come touching the state and franchise of this " city I will not return till I have showed them " to the Mayor and the Council of this City for " the time being, and of them have advisement. " And ready I will be at reasonable warning of " the Mayor for keeping of the peace and main- " taining the state of this City ; and all other " things that belong to my office and the keeping Sheriffs Admitted at Guildhall. 93 " of the said shire lawfully I will do by me and "mine. And the City I will keep from harm, " after my power." " I do also declare that I will freely give all " such rooms and offices of sergeants and yeomen " as shall happen to become void during the time " I shall remain in the office of Sheriffalty to such " apt and able person or persons as shall be by " me nominated to the Lord Mayor and Court of " Aldermen, and by them admitted, without any "money or other reward to be had, taken or " hoped for in respect thereof, according to the " Act of Common Council made and provided in " that behalf the nine and twentieth of April, in " the six and twentieth year of the reign of Our " Sovereign Lady Queen Elizabeth." " I, A . B., do solemnly and sincerely declare that " I will well and truly serve the King's Majesty " in the Office of Sheriff of the City of London, " and promote His Majesty's profit in all things " that belong to my office, as far as I legally can " or may. I will truly preserve the King's rights " and all that belongeth to the Crown. I will not " assent to decrease, lessen, or conceal the King's " rights or the rights of his franchises ; and " whensoever I shall have knowledge that the " rights of the Crown are concealed or withdrawn " (be it in lands, rents, franchises, suits or ser- " vices, or in any other matter or thing), I will do 94 Sheriff's Admitted at Guild/tall. " my utmost to make them to be restored to the " Crown again ; and if I may not do it myself, I " will certify and inform the King thereof, or " some of his Judges. I will not respite or delay " to levy the King's debts for any gift, promise, " reward, or favour, where I may raise the same " without great grievance to the Debtor. I will " do right as well to poor as to rich, in all things " belonging to my office ; I will do no wrong to " any man for any gift, reward, or promise, nor " for favour or hatred. I will disturb no man's " right ; and will truly and faithfully acquit at the " Exchequer all those of whom I shall receive any " debts or duties belonging to the Crown. I will " take nothing whereby the King may lose, or " whereby his right may be disturbed, injured, or " delayed. I will truly return and truly serve all "the King's writs, according to the best of my " skill and knowledge. I will take no bailiffs " into my service but such as I will answer for, " and will cause each of them to make such de- " clarations as I do, in what belongeth to their " business and occupation. I will truly set and "return reasonable and due issues of them that " be within my bailiwick, according to their " estates and circumstances, and make due " panels of persons able and sufficient, and not " suspected or procured, as is appointed by the " statutes of this realm. I will truly and. dili- " gently execute the good laws and statutes of Sheriffs Admitted at Guildhall. 95 '' this realm, and in all things well and truly " behave myself in my office, for the honour of " the King and the good of his subjects, and " discharge the same according to the best of my " skill and power." investiture The Sheriffs then take off their gowns, and put on violet gowns; the Sheriffs retiring from office respectively taking off their own Chains and putting the Chain of Office upon each of the new Sheriffs. 7 The Sheriffs, preceded by the liveries of their Companies, return again in procession to the Hall of the senior Sheriff's Company, accompanied by the Aldermen and City Officers, where breakfast is served. 7. A Sheriff wears a Chain of Office and Badge, which in late years have frequently been presented to him by the inhabitants of the Ward or District with which he is associated. In connection with this it should be observed that the Chain should be of the ordinary link pattern, and should not assume the character of a Collar. The Collar of S.S. is a very old emblem associated with the administra- tion of justice, and worn as such by the Lord Chief Justice and other high judicial functionaries. The Lord Mayor alone of the Aldermen, as Chief Magistrate of the City, is entitled to wear such a Collar. The Badge should only bear designs specially appropriate to a Ward or District, or to the individual, and should not include the Sword or Mace, neither of which appertains to the Office of Sheriff. They can only be borne by Aldermen who have passed the Chair. 96 Juries. CHAPTER XXXVII. JURIES. IN the month of October the Secondary of the City of London sends letters to the Aldermen, Com- mon Council, Deputies, and Ward Clerks of the several Wards, requiring a return to the Secondary of a list of all persons in their respective Wards qualified to serve on Juries in the City of London. The following is the form of the letter : " Secondary's Office, Guildhall, " October, 19. " Sir, In pursuance of the Counties Juries Act, " 1825, and the Juries Act, 1870, you are hereby " required to return to the above office, on or before " the First day of December next, a list of all persons " in your Ward qualified to serve on Juries in the " City of London. The qualification by the 50th section of the Counties Juries Act, 1825, is being; "a House- " holder, or the occupier of a Shop, Warehouse, " Counting-house, Chambers, or Office, for the " purpose of Trade or Commerce, within the said " City, and having Lands, Tenements, or personal " Estate of the value o/^lOO." The qualification of Special Jurors is defined by Section 6 of the Juries Act, 1870, which enacts that " Every man whose name shall be in the Jurors' " Book for any County in England or Wales, or Juries. 97 " for the County of the City of London, and who " shall be legally entitled to be called an Esquire, " or shall be a person of higher degree, or shall be " a Banker or Merchant, or who shall occupy a " Private Dwelling-house, rated or assessed to the " Poor Rate or to the Inhabited House Duty on a " value of not less than One Hundred Pounds, in " a town containing, according to the census next " preceding the preparation of the Jury List, " twenty thousand inhabitants and upwards, or " rated or assessed to the Poor Rate or to the " Inhabited House Duty on a value of not less than " Fifty Pounds elsewhere, or who shall occupy " premises other than a farm rated or assessed as " aforesaid, on a value of not less than One " Hundred Pounds, or a farm rated or assessed as " aforesaid on a value of not less than Three " Hundred Pounds, shall be qualified and liable to " serve on Special Juries in every such County in " England and Wales, and in London respectively "; and by Section 11 of the said Juries Act, 1870, it is enacted that " In making out the List of Persons " within their respective Parishes and Townships " qualified to serve as Jurors, the Overseers shall " specify which of such persons are, in tlie judg- " ment of such Overseers, qualified as Special " Jurors, and shall also specify in every case the " nature of the qualification, and also the occupation " and the amount of the rating or assessment of u every such person" 98 Juries. " By section 8 of the Juries Act, 1870, Aliens "having been domiciled in England or Wales for K 10 years or upwards, if in other respects duly " qualified, are rendered liable to serve on Juries " or Inquests. ' You will distinguish persons competent, as the " grand from the petit Jurors, by prefixing the " letter G against their names. " It is particularly requested that you shall dis- tinguish Partners by a circumflex, and affix the " Number of each House opposite the Juror's Name, " and state the Rating or Rental where the amount "is 100 and upwards per annum. "As it is desirable that the Return should be " accurate, and as by the 13th section of the Juries " Act, 1870, penalties are enacted for wrongly in- " serting or omitting the Names of Persons in your " Return, your attention is directed to the following " exemptions from serving on Juries by the 9th " section of the above Juries Act, 1870, and the " Schedule therein given, the tenor of which " Schedule is as follows : " SCHEDULE. " Persons exempt from serving on juries. " Peers. " Members of Parliament " Judges. " Clergymen. " Roman Catholic priests, Juries. 99 " Ministers of any congregation of Protestant dis- " senters and of Jews whose place of meeting is " duly registered, provided they follow no secular " occupation except that of a schoolmaster. " Serjeants, Barristers-at-Law, certificated con- "veyancers and special pleaders, if actually prac- " tising. " Members of the Society of Doctors of Law, and " advocates of the Civil Law, if actually practising. " Attorneys, solicitors, and proctors, if actually " practising, and having taken out their annual " certificates, and their managing clerks, and " notaries public in actual practice. " Officers of the courts of law and equity, and of "the Admiralty and Ecclesiastical Courts, includ- " ing therein the courts of Probate and Divorce, and " the Clerks of the Peace or their deputies, if actu- " ally exercising the duties of their respective offices. " Coroners. " Gaolers and keepers of houses of correction, and " all subordinate officers of the same. " Keepers in public lunatic asylums. " Members and licentiates of the Royal College "of Physicians in London, if actually practising as " physicians. " Members of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons in " London, Edinburgh, and Dublin, if actually prac- " tising as surgeons. H 2 100 Juries. " Apothecaries certificated by the Court of Ex- " aminers of the Apothecaries' Company, and all " registered medical practitioners and registered " pharmaceutical chemists, if actually practising as " apothecaries, medical practitioners, or pharma- " ceutical chemists respectively. " Officers of the navy, army, militia, and yeo- " manry, while on full pay. " The Members of the Mersey Dock and Harbour " Board. " The master, wardens, and brethren of the Cor- " poration of Trinity House of Deptford Strond. " Pilots licensed by the Trinity House of Dept- "ford Strond, Kingstoii-upon-Hull, or Newcastle- " upon-Tyne, and all masters of vessels in the buoy "and light service employed by either of those " corporations, and all pilots licensed under any Act " of Parliament or charter for the regulation of " pilots. " The household servants of His Majesty, his " heirs and successors. " Officers of the Post Office, Commissioners of " Customs, and officers, clerks, and other persons " acting in the management or collection of the " Customs, Commissioners of Inland Eevenue, and " officers or persons appointed by the Commis- " sioners of Inland Revenue, or employed by them Juries. 101 "or under their authority or direction in any way " relating to the duties of Inland Revenue. " Sheriffs' Officers. " Officers of the rural and metropolitan police. " Magistrates of the metropolitan police courts, " their clerks, ushers, door-keepers and messengers. " Members of the council of the municipal cor- " poration of any borough, and every justice of the " peace assigned to keep the peace therein, and the "town clerk and treasurer for the time being of " every such borough, so far as relates to any jury " summoned to serve in the county where such " borough is situate. " Burgesses of every borough in and for which a " separate court of quarter sessions shall be holden " so far as relates to any jury summoned for the trial " of issues joined in any court of general or quarter " sessions of the peace in the county wherein such " borough is situate. " Justices of the Peace so far as relates to any " jury summoned to serve at any sessions of the " peace for the jurisdiction of which he is a justice. " Officers of the Houses of Lords and Commons. ' The following persons are also exempt from " serving on Juries, viz. : " Commissioners of Income and Property Tax " (see 34 and 35 Viet., c. 103, sec. 30). 102 Juries. " Dentists registered under the Dentist Act, 1878 " (see sec. 30), and not desiring to serve on Juries. " Members of the London County Council (see ' The London County Council (General Powers) " Act, 1890, sec. 26). " Persons under the age of twenty-one years and " above sixty years are not duly qualified, and " should be omitted from your Return, "lam, " Yours obediently, " Secondary of the City of London." " N.B. The Secondary is directed, in forwarding " the above letter, to add the following extract from "the Report of the General Purposes Committee " agreed to by the Court of Aldermen : " ' That "the Ward Clerk should make out, or ' procure to be made out, on his responsibility, a ' List of all persons liable to serve on Juries within " ' his Ward, with a correct description of their " ' residence, calling, and business. " ' That for the purpose of enabling him to do so, " ' he should be authorised and directed to require " ' the Ward Beadle, or other competent person, " ' vearly to 2-0 from house to house throno-hout the / */ " ' Ward, to procure the necessary information. " ' That such return should include the names of " ' all partners in any firm ; it being the custom in Juries. 103 ' several wards to return the name of one partner ' only in a firm, though this practice is manifestly " ' illegal, the Statute requiring that all persons who " ' are liable to serve should be returned. To lessen " ' the inconvenience to parties as far as possible, it ' is the practice of the Secondary to summon only ' one of such partners to attend at the same time " ' on any grand, special, or petit jury. ' That the Ward Clerk should be careful to ex- ' elude from such list of jurors the names of all ' persons above the age of sixty ; likewise such as ' are suffering from permanent illness or incapa- u ' city; and also such as are disqualified or excused ' by reason of being aliens (unless domiciled in ' England for ten years or upwards) or keeping a ' post-office, or for any of the causes mentioned in " ' the Juries Act, 1870. ' That the Alderman, Deputy, and Common ' Council of the Ward should go carefully through " ' such list so to be submitted to them by the Ward " ' Clerk, and revise the same, and state the quali- " ' fication of each person, denoting whether a grand " ' or petit Juror, and properly describing such " ' persons as they think should be placed on the list " ' of Special Jurors, according to the Statute. " ' The list then to be signed and transmitted to " ' the Secondary.' ' Approval of j n the month of November the Ward Clerks, by Jury Lists. direction of the Alderman or Deputy, as the case 10-4 First Sunday hi Trinity Sittings. may be, issue a summons for a meeting of the Al- derman, Deputy, and the Members of the Common Council, for the purpose of approving the jury list for the year. Summons. The following is the form of the summons : " Ward. ' You are requested to meet the Alderman, " Deputy, and the rest of the Common Council on , the - - day of - - instant, at - " o'clock, at - - for the purpose of approving " the jury list for the present year. "-- November, 19." " A.B., Ward Clerk." tne nrst day of December the return is made to the Secondary. CHAPTER XXXVIII. FIRST SUNDAY IN TRINITY SITTINGS. THE Lord Mayor. Aldermen, Sheriffs, High Officers, and Members of the Common Council meet the Judges at St. Paul's on the first Sunday in Trinity Sittings. The Judges who attend in rotation are not limited to the Common Law Judges, as, since the passing of the Judicature Acts, all the members of the Supreme Court are now " His Majesty's Judges." Mansion House. Procession. First Sunday in Trinity Sittings. 105 The Lord Mayor, Aldermen. Sheriffs, and High Officers should be ready in the Vestry to receive the Judges. 1 The Lord Mayor leaves the Mansion House for this purpose in his state carriage at two o'clock, attended by the Aldermen, Sheriffs, and Officers, 2 in the following order : Under Sheriffs Officers of the Corporation (juniors first) The Sheriffs (in scarlet gowns and chains) Aldermen who have not passed the chair (in scarlet gowns) attended by their Beadles The Recorder Aldermen who have passed the chair (in scarlet gowns, with chains) attended by their Beadles The Lord Mayor's six servants on foot City Marshal, in scarlet, on horseback The Lord Mayor (scarlet gown and chain), attended by the Chaplain, Swordbearer, and Common Cryer ; his Beadle at the right-hand door of the carriage. The Keeper of the Guildhall is also in attend- ance, and presents each person on his arrival with a nosegay. 1. This vestry is repaired by the Corporation and is kept exclusively for their use. 2. On the 5th July, 1797, the Court of Common Council passed the fol- lowing order : " That in future the members of the Court be summoned to ' attend the several sermons preached before the Lord Mayor at St. Paul's " Cathedral and St. Lawrence Jewry." 10(5 First Sunday in Trinity Sittings. When the Judges have arrived and the company are all assembled they proceed to the choir, to which the following is the order of procession. Procession in the church. The City Marshal The Chaplain Swordbearer Common Cryer The Lord Mayor The Lord High Chancellor The Lord Chief Justice of England The Master of the Rolls The Lords Justices of the Court of Appeal His Majesty's Judges of the High Court, according to seniority Aldermen past the chair, in their scarlet gowns and chains, attended by their Beadles The Recorder in his scarlet gown Aldermen below the chair, in their scarlet gowns, attended by their Beadles The Sheriffs, in their scarlet gowns and chains The Chamberlain in his gown The Town Clerk in his gown The Common Serjeant in his gown The Judges of the City of London Court in their gowns The Comptroller in his gown The Remembrancer in his gown The Solicitor in his gown The Secondary in his gown The Surveyor in his gown The Under Sheriffs and take their seats, as noted in Chapter I. Audit of Accounts of St. PauPs. 107 Sermons. The Dean of St. Paul's attends in his official capacity. The Canon in residence preaches. Divine service begins at - o'clock in the afternoon. After service the Lord Mavor enters his carriage ' d? first, and remains to make his obeisance to each of the Judges as they leave the church. CHAPTER XXXIX. AUDIT OF ACCOUNTS OF ST. PAUL'S. Day OME time in the month of July the Archbishop of Canterbury informs the Lord Mayor 1 that the accounts relating to the repairs of St. Paul's Cathedral are ready to be audited; and a day is appointed for the Lord Mayor, the Archbishop, the Bishop of London, and the Dean of St. Paul's to audit them at Lambeth Palace. The following is a copy of the letter written by the Secretary of the Archbishop to the Lord Mayor, in the Mayoralty of Mr. Alderman Wilson, 1839 : " Lambeth Palace, " Thursday, July 18th, 1839. " My Lord, I am desired by the Archbishop " of Canterbury to inform your Lordship that the 1. The Lord Mayor, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Bishop of London are the trustees of the fabric. 108 City of Lot) don and Freemen's Orphan Schools. " accounts relating to the repairs of St. Paul's " Cathedral are ready to be audited ; and His " Grace will be glad if your Lordship will meet "him and the Bishop of London, at Lambeth " Palace, at half -past two, on Monday next, to " audit the same. " I have the honour to be, my Lord, ' Your most obedient Servant, " CHRIS. HODGSON, " Secretary." " To the Right Honourable " The Lord Mayor." CHAPTER XL. CITY OF LONDON SCHOOLS AND FREEMEN'S ORPHAN SCHOOL. Distribution of Prizes. ON the last Friday in the month of July, a special meeting of the committee of the City of London Schools is held ; the Lord Mayor in his scarlet robe and chain presides, for the purpose of distributing the prizes awarded to the different scholars ; the examining professors and all the masters attending. The Head Master delivers an Address. St. Matthew's Dai). 109 A declamation is made by the Captain of the School in commemoration of the Founder of the School, John Carpenter, Town Clerk 1417-1438. At the conclusion of the proceedings of the day, the professors, masters, and the committee dine together. The management is under the direction of the City of London Schools' Committee, by the Act 1830. 4 and 5 William IV., cap. 35. CITY OF LONDON FREEMEN'S ORPHAN SCHOOL. in like manner the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs attend in the month of July 1 the distribution of prizes at this school. CHAPTER XLT. SAINT MATTHEW'S DAY. (21st September.) Royal T^ HE Aldermen are summoned to meet this day Hospitals. J_ an( j a ttend Divine Service at Christ Church, Newgate Street, then proceed to the Vestry for the presentation and confirmation of the lists of Governors of the Royal Hospitals. The following is the form of the summons in use since 1902, when Christ's Hospital was removed 1. Usually the Second Tuesday. 110 St. Matthew's Dai/. from its ancient site in the City to Horsham in Sussex : "Sin, " Your Worship is desired to attend at Christ " Church, Newgate Street, in your Scarlet Gown, on next, the 21st day of September, 19 , "at Three o'clock in the Afternoon, to hear Divine " Service and a Sermon, and from thence to the " Court Room 1 of Christ's Hospital, according to "ancient custom used on St. Matthew's Day, and "afterwards at the Mansion House to witness the " distribution of the annual gifts to the scholars of "Christ's Hospital. , Swordbearer." " N.B. The Lord Mayor will go in State from the " Mansion House at Three o'clock precisely. " Divine Service will commence at a Quarter " past Three o'clock." " Swordbearer's Office, Mansion House, day, September, 19 ." Christ The Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs go Church. -_ in state irom the Mansion House at 3 p.m. to Christ Church, Newgate Street, to hear divine service and a sermon ; the Lord Mayor going first, Aldermen according to their seniority (seniors first), Governors, etc., procession in order as set out in Chapter I reversed. The Treasurer of Christ's 1. Or " the place appointed," Sf. Matthew's Day. Ill Lists of the Governors. Mansion House. Hospital meets the Lord Mayor at the Church, and walks at his right hand in the procession. They afterwards proceed to the place appointed, where the lists of the Governors of all the Royal Hospitals are presented by the Clerk of Christ's Hospital to the Lord Mayor, and by his Lordship delivered to the Town Clerk, who keeps them in his office; the lists being thus confirmed according to the ancient custom and the Act of Parliament. 2 The Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs then return to the Mansion House. On this day, after the Service at Christ Church, the boys and officers of Christ's Hospital assemble at the Mansion House and are received in full State by the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, Under- Sheriffs, and their Ladies. The boys pass in pro- cession before the Lord Mayor, each one receiving from the hands of his Lordship a new coin or coins of gold or silver, according to his standing in the school, viz.: Grecians, 21s. ; Deputy -Grecians, lO.s-. Qd. ; Monitors, 2*. 6d. ; other boys, Is. ; each also receiving a glass of wine or lemonade and two plum buns. 3 This Ceremony formerly took place on Easter Tuesday, before attendance at Christ Church, New- gate Street, to hear the Spital Sermon. 2. See Act (17S2) 22 Gco. Ill, cap. 77. 3. Since the removal to Horsham the boys are provided by the Lore} Mayor with more substantial refreshment. Locum Tenens. CHAPTER XLII. LOCUM TENENS. WHENEVER occasion requires, in consequence of the indisposition, domestic affliction, or necessary absence of the Lord Mayor, his Lordship appoints a Locum Tenens. 1 The appointment is in the following terms : APPOINTMENT of Locum Tenens of the Lord Mayor. I , Mayor of the City of London, in order that the business of the mayoralty of the said City may be transacted at any time during my absence, do hereby appoint the Right Wor- shipful (Jiere insert names of Aldermen u^o have passed the Chair], and each of them severally, to be from time to time for me and in my stead, to appoint and hold courts of Aldermen, courts of Common Council, courts of Wardmote, and Common Halls, and to take any affidavits appointed to be sworn before the Lord Mayor of London, and also to do and transact all and every other business, matter, and thing appertaining to the office of mayoralty of the City of London, which at any time, during my mayoralty, shall in my absence be requisite to be done. Given under my hand and seal, this day of , in the year of the reign of , by the grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire- land, and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Defender of the Faith, and in the year of our Lord One thousand nine hundred and . , Mayor. Signed, sealed, and delvered in the presence of , Swordbearer. 1. This Document is, by order of the Court of Aldermen, prepared as required, in the office of the Town Clerk. Audience of the Sovereign. CHAPTER XLIII. 113 AUDIENCE OF THE SOVEREIGN. SHOULD the Lord Mayor on any particular or extraordinary occasion require an audience of the Sovereign, he requests the same through the Lord Chamberlain. 1 Appointment. The Sovereign appoints a day, on which the Lord Mayor, in bis scarlet gown and collar of SS. and chain, leaves the Mansion House in his carriage and four, and three servants in state liveries, preceded by the City Marshal in scarlet, and an outrider, and attended by the Sheriffs in their state carriages, and full dress, and proceeding through the Horse Guards (the soldiers on duty presenting arms), is received at the Palace by the Lord Chamberlain and Groom in Waiting, and is conducted to the Royal Closet. Procession. Route. 1. In the Mayoralty of Mr. Alderman Wilson in 1839, Her Majesty having been graciously pleased to confer on the City of London the honour of presenting them with Her Majesty's portrait, and the Corporation of London having passed an unanimous vote of thanks to Her Majesty for this condescending mark of her regard, the Lord Mayor, on the 3rd of Augus-t. requested, through the Lord Chamberlain, a private audience, to enable him to lay the vote of thanks before Her Majesty ; and a copy of the resolution of the Corporation having been forwarded to the Lord Chamberlain on the llth of August, Her Majesty was pleased to command the Lord Chamberlain to inform the Lord Mayor that Her Majesty would receive his Lordship the next day at half -past one o'clock. And his Lord- ship went in state, and was received in the manner above described. In the Mayoralty of Mr. Alderman Brown, 182fi. the Sheriffs, Mr. Alder- man Farebrother and Mr. Alderman Winchester, had an audience of the King alone in the Royal Closet, His Majesty being unattended. I 114 Addresses. CHAPTER XLIV. ADDRESSES. AJM exhaustive statement as regards Addresses appears in the Journal of the Common Council for 1885. The rights and privileges of the Corporation are set out in a report of the Special Committee to the Court of Common Council on the 12th February, and their further report on the 21st May sets out the correspondence with the Home Secretary (Sir W. V. Harcourt, Bart.), and amply recognises the right of the Corporation to present Addresses, in person, to the Sovereign. The following words as to these rights and privi- leges occur in the letter of the Home Secretary : " Unquestionable and unquestioned." Application Whenever an Address from the Court of Alder- for Appointment. men or f rom ^ e Corporation is intended to be pre- sented to the Sovereign, the Remembrancer attends upon the Secretary of State for the Home Department, to ascertain the pleasure of His Majesty as to the time and place he will receive the Sheriffs. When ascertained the following summons is sent by the Swordbearer to the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs and Officers : " Your Worship is desired to be at Guildhall, " on - next, the - - day of - , 19 , Dress. Procession. Palace. Reception Addresses. "at of the clock in the 115 noon, His " Majesty having appointed that day at - " o'clock precisely, to receive the address of the " Lord Mayor and Aldermen, at Buckingham " Palace. , Swordbearer." " N.B. Full Court dress and scarlet gown. His " Lordship will leave Guildhall at - - o'clock " precisely." " Swordbearer's Office, Mansion House." The Lord Mayor goes in state, wearing the state gown and collar of SS. The Aldermen, Recorder, and Sheriffs in scarlet gowns ; the Officers in their gowns; the whole in Court suits. The procession leaves Guildhall, in the order set out in Chapter I, one hour before the hour appointed for receiving the address (if at Buckingham Palace) ; the Sheriffs precede the Aldermen, the Lord Mayor being last. On their arrival at the Palace (entree entrance) they are shown into a Room adjoining the Presence Chamber, and wait there until the Sovereign is ready to receive them. The Sheriffs, attended by the Remembrancer, are first received by the Sovereign in the Royal Closet, and the senior Sheriff addresses His Majesty thus: "May it please your Majesty: we " your Majesty's dutiful and loyal subjects, the i 2 11G Addresses. Appointment. Presence. Reception. " Sheriffs of the City of London, wait upon youi " Majesty by direction of the Lord Mayor and " Aldermen, to know your Majesty's Royal will and " pleasure when you will be pleased to receive their " humble Address." His Majesty then appoints the time. This cere- mony precedes the presentation of the Address. The Lord Mayor, the Aldermen, and the Sheriffs are conducted into the Throne Room, and are followed by the Common Councilmen \irhen the Address is from the Court of Common Council], The Sword and Mace are carried before the Lord Mayor, but on entering- the Royal Presence they are reversed. The Lord Chamberlain receives the Lord Mayor and Aldermen at the door of the Presence Cham- ber, and introduces them; the Lord Mayor being in the centre, the Lord Chamberlain on his right, and the Recorder on his left, the Senior Aldermen and the Senior Sheriff on the Lord Chamberlain's rio-ht, and the Junior Aldermen and the Junior O ' Sheriff on the Recorder's left, the Sheriffs being on the extreme right and left. They approach the Sovereign making three re- verences, each of which the Sovereign returns. The Recorder then reads the Address, which he hands to the Lord Mayor, who, kneeling, delivers it to the Sovereign. The Sovereign then reads the Answer. o o After which the Lord Mayor again approaches the Addresses. 117 Throne, and, kneeling, receives the Answer from the Sovereign. The Mover and Seconder of the Address and the two Senior Aldermen present then have the honour of being presented by the Lord Mayor. The Lord Mayor and the Corporation then with- draw from the Throne Room, and return in proces- sion to Guildhall. The previous order of procession is reversed, the Lord Mayor going first. The Hallkeeper and City Marshal are in attend- ance, to point out any persons who shall presume to attend the Procession not being Members of the Court or High Officers, and for this purpose, on arriving at the Palace, station themselves at the Entrance. When an address has to be presented at Windsor the Hallkeeper should arrange for an Assistant to meet the Members at the station, and to marshal the procession in proper order, as set out in Chapter I, both going and returning. 118 Addresses. CHAPTER XLV. ADDRESSES TO THE SOVEREIGNS O FOREIGN STATES. A Motion for the presentation of such an Address is moved by the Chairman of the City Lands Committee or other Member of the Common Council and seconded by the Senior Alderman present the presentation being made at a Court of Common Council summoned for that purpose. The Sovereign is received at the entrance to the Guildhall by a deputation consisting of the Lord Mayor, the Aldermen on the Reception Committee, the Recorder, the Sheriffs, and other selected Members of the Committee, and conducted to his seat in the Court on the left of the Lord Mayor. On his departure he is also attended by a similar deputation. Should the Sovereign be accompanied by his Queen or other ladies of Royal rank, the Lady Mayoress accompanies the Lord Mayor. The Address is read by the Recorder and presented in the manner directed by the Common Council to the Sovereign by the Lord Mayor, to which the Sovereign replies. The following presentations are then made by the Lord Mayor : The Mover and Seconder of the Address. The two Senior Aldermen present, and The Sheriffs. On such occasions the Sovereign has been graciously pleased to bestow honours on the Lord Addresses. 119 Mayor, Sheriff's, and other Members of the Corpor- ation immediately connected with the presentation. On the occasion of the presentation of an Address on the 15th November, 1905, to the King of the Hellenes, His Majesty was graciously pleased, there and then, to bestow on the Lord Mayor the Order of Grand Commander of the Royal Order of the Redeemer, on the Sheriffs, the Alderman who seconded the Address, and the Town Clerk, the Order of Commander of the Order, and on the Mover of the Address and the Remembrancer the Order of Officer of the Order. The Court on such occasions is usually held in the Library, the Aldermen being seated by seniority on the Dais to the rio'ht of the Lord Mayor, the O .77 Sheriffs on the front row next to the Aldermen. The Lady Mayoress occupies a seat on the left of the Lord Mayor. The Aldermen's and Sheriffs' ladies are provided with seats immediately behind the Aldermen. Should the presentation be followed by a luncheon or banquet, the Aldermen with their friends are seated on the inner side of the principal table in the same order as on 9th November banquets. On the retirement of the Sovereign to his private Chamber, he is attended in the Chamber by the Lord Mayor, the Senior Alderman on the Committee, the Sheriffs, and the Mover and Seconder of the Address. In like manner the Queen, or other Royal Lady, if present, is attended in her private Chamber by the Lady Mayoress and the ladies of the aforesaid Aldermen and Sheriffs. 120 Demise of the Crown. CHAPTER XL VI. Communica- tions. Notice. DEMISE OF THE CROWN. ON the demise of the Sovereign a communication is immediately received by the Lord Mayor from the Secretary of State for the Home Depart- ment; and also a notice from the Clerk of the Privy Council, for the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and other Principal Citizens to attend the meeting of the Lords of the Privy Council at the Palace. 1 1. The Lord Mayor's authority did not cease (like that of all other Officers and Commissioners at common law before the statutes of 7 and 8 Will. Ill, cap. 27. sec. 21 ; 1 Anne. cap. 8 ; 4 Anne, cap. 8, sec. 8 ; 6 Anne, cap. 7, sec. 8, &c.). either on the demise or abdication of the Crown ; he therefore continued on such occasions the principal Officer of the kingdom. At the death of the Saxon King Canute, the representatives of the citizens of London were summoned to attend the meeting to appoint his successor. And it has been the practice in later times for the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen to be summoned to the Council on the demise of the Crown, and to sign the Proclamation of the successor. It was so on the recent demise of Queen Victoria, and the following Proclamation of the Accession of King Edward VII, was signed, viz. : "Whitehall, January 23rd, 1901. " On Tuesday afternoon, the twenty-second of January instant, at half- " past six o'clock, our late Most Gracious Sovereign Queen Victoria expired " at Osborne House. Isle of Wight, in the eighty-second year of Her age : and the sixty-fourth year of Her reign. This event has caused one ' ; universal feeling of regret and sorrow to Her late Majesty's faithful and "attached subjects, to whom She was endeared by the deep interest in ' their welfare which She invariably manifested, as well as by the many " signal virtues which marked and adorned Her character. " Upon the intimation of this distressing event, the Lords of the Privy " Council assembled this day. at St. James's Palace, and gave orders for ' proclaiming His present Majesty, who made a most Gracious Declaration " to them, and caused all the Lords and others of the late Queen's Privy " Council, who were then present, to be sworn of His Majesty's Privy " Council. " Whereas it has pleased Almighty God to call to His Mercy Our late ' Sovereign Lady Queen Victoria, of Blessed and Glorious Memory, by " whose Decease the Imperial Crown of the United Kingdom of Great ;< Britain and Ireland is solely and rightfully come to the High and Mighty " Prince Albert Edward : We, therefore, the Lords Spiritual and Temporal Demise of the Crown. 121 of this realm, bring here assisted with these of Her late Majesty's Privy Council, with lumbers of other Principal Gentlemen of Quality, with the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens of London, do now hereby, with one Voice and Consent of Tongue and Heart, publish and proclaim, That the High and Mighty Prince, Albert Edward, is now, by the Death of ; our late Sovereign of Happy Memory, become our only lawful and right- ful Liege Lord Edward the Seventh, by the Grace of God, King of the ; United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, : Emperor of India : To whom we do acknowledge all Faith and constant 1 Obedience, with all hearty and humble Affection ; beseeching God, by ; whom Kings and Queens do reign, to bless the Royal Prince Edward the ; Seventh, with long and happy Years to reign over Us. "Given at the Court at Saint James's, this twenty-third day of "January, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred " and one. George. Arthur. George. Christian. Pr. Schleswig- Holstein. F. Cantuar. Halsbury. C. Devonshire. Salisbury. Norfolk, E. M. Portland. Pembroke and Montgomery. Clarendon. Charles T. Ritchie. J. Chamberlain. Northumberland. Cadogau. Fife. M. E. Hicks-Beach. Ashbourne. St. John Brodrick. Knutsford. Balfour of Burleigh. George Hamilton. Lansdowne. Walter H. Long. Spencer. Argyll. Rosebery. W. V. Harcourt. F. H. Jeune. Leonard H. Courtney. H. Drummond Wolff. Alverstone. A. Akers-Douglas. Chesterfield. Cork and Orrery. A. L. Smith. Kintore. Ridley. H. Campbell-Bannerman. G. Shaw-Lefevre. Fred. Milner. John E. Gorst. A. Graham Murray. C. Robert Spencer. Ripon. Goschen. H. H. Asquith. Morris and Killanin. John R'ghy. Pirbright. W. Hart Dyke. Richard Temple. Selborne. Arth. James Balfour. John H. Kennaway. W. C. H. Lecky. Robert Montague. Roland Vaughan Williams. Robert Romer. A. H. D. Acland. J. Whittaker Ellis, Alderman. Henry E. Knight, Alderman. Reginald Hanson, Alderman. Joseph Savory, Alderman. 122 Demise of the. Crown. Palace. James Stirling. Charles W. Dilke. Stalbridge. M. E. Grant Duff. R. Couch. John Morley. Rath more. William Ellison-Macartney. Hobhouse. Rowton. Herbert Maxwell. Charles Stuart-Wortley. Evelyn Ashley. James Bryce. Henry H. Fowler. R. Henn Collins. Colville of Culross. Willelm. Ebor. C. Seale-Hayne. James Lowther. Edmond R. Wodehouse. Ford North. Horace Rumbold. Hertford. T. F. Halsey. Carrington (Joint Hered. Great Chamberlain). Jesse Collings. Brampton. Yarborough. S. Ponsonby-Fane. A. W. FitzRoy. J. H. Harrison. E. S. Hope. W. R. Walkes. Charles Dalrymple Hay. Frank Green, Lord Mayor. David Evans, Alderman. W. P. Treloar, Alderman. Walter Wilkin, Alderman. Joseph Renals, Alderman. H. D. Davies, Alderman. Alfred J. Newton, late Lard Mayor. John C. Bell, Alderman. H. George Smallman. Alderman. G. Prior Goldney (City Remem- brancer). Joseph C. Dimsdale. Marcus Samuel. J. T. Ritchie. G. Wyatt Truscott, Alderman. Saml. Green. Forrest Fulton (Recorder"). G. Faudel Phillips, Alderman, City of London. John Pound, Alderman, City of London. John Knill, Alderman. T. Vezey Strong, Alderman. Thos. Boor Crosby, Alderman. W. Vaughan Morgan, Alderman and Sheriff. Joseph Lawrence, Sheriff. W. J. R. Cotton, Chaniberlain. John B. Monckton, Town Clerk. F. A. Bosanquet, Common Serjeant. Hoinewood Crawford, City Solicit ar. Thos. Vaughan-Roderick, Secondary of London. E. A. Baylis, Comptroller. J. D. Langton, Under SJteriff. Thos. H. Gardiner, Under. Sheriff. William H. Weldon. GOD save the KING." The Lord Mayor, the Aldermen, and Officers signatures, attend at the Palace, and sign the proclamation declaring the Successor to the Throne. The Remembrancer should apply to the Lord Chamberlain that the Lord Mayor should be allowed to be present when the Sovereign enters the Room, and to be presented to His (or Her) Proclamations. 123 Dress. Majesty, retiring before the business of the Privy Council commences. N.B. When there is a Court mourning the proper dress is a black dress suit, broad hemmed frills, weepers, and crape on the handle of the sword. Upon the demise of the Sovereign, or any Mem- ber of the Royal Family, the Secretary of State for the Home Department writes to the Lord Mayor, requesting his Lordship to give the necessary direc- tions for the toll in of the reat bel1 at St - Paul ' s - The Lord Mayor thereupon writes to the Dean of St. Paul's, informing him of the event, and re- questing that he will give the necessary directions for tolling the great bell. CHAPTER XLVII. PROCLAMATIONS, ON THE ACCESSION OF THE SOVEREIGN and on other occasions. Order Privy 1 N order of the Privy Council is received by the Council. /I T i 11 T . i J-JL Lord Mayor, to make the proclamation within the City of London. This is laid before the Court of Aldermen, which makes the necessary orders. On the day appointed, the Lord Mayor, Alder- men, and Sheriffs arrive at Guildhall in scarlet gowns, and the Officers in their gowns; and go Temple Bar. from Guildhall to the site of Temple Bar : the Lord Mayor first, the Aldermen according to seniority, followed by the Sheriffs and then the Officers. The City Trumpeters are in attendance. 124 Proclamations. Demand of At the proclamation of King Edward VII., on entrance. Inursday, the 24th January, 1901, the following ceremony was observed in accordance with ancient custom, viz. : The Lord Mayor, Aldermen and Sheriffs, in their Scarlet Gowns, and the Officers in their Gowns, left the Mansion House soon after Eight o'clock, on Thursday, 24th January, 1901, and proceeded to the site of Temple Bar, the Lord Mayor first, and the Aldermen, Sheriffs, and Officers following in order as prescribed above, the whole preceded by the City Trumpeters. They took up their station opposite to the entrance to the Temple (Middle Temple Lane), where they awaited the arrival of the Pursuivant, Heralds, and Cavalcade, who proceeded from St. James's Palace. A temporary barrier was placed across the street at the site of Temple Bar to mark the City Boun- dary. The Pursuivant, Heralds and Cavalcade on ar- riving, halted a short distance to the West of the barrier. The Pursuivant then advanced between two Trumpeters, and the Trumpets sounded thrice. The City Marshal advanced to the barrier to meet the Pursuivant, and asked, in a loud voice : " Who comes there ? " and the Pursuivant replied : " The Officer of Arms, who demands entrance into the City to proclaim His Royal Majesty's Accession." The barrier was then opened so as to admit the Pursuivant, without escort, and immediately closed again. Proclamations. 125 The Pursuivant was conducted by the City Marshal to the Lord Mayor, to whom he exhibited the Order in Council. The Lord Mayor replied : " I am aware of the " contents of this paper, having been apprised yes- " terday of the ceremony appointed to take place, " and I have attended to perform my duty in ac- " cordance with the ancient usages and customs of " the City of London." The Lord Mayor then read aloud the Order in Council requiring the Herald to proclaim His Majesty within the jurisdiction of the City, and returned it to the Pursuivant, and directed the City Marshal to admit the Cavalcade, the Pursuivant returning to his place. Thereupon the Cavalcade passed into the City, and after the trumpets had sounded, the Herald made the Proclamation at the corner of Chancery Lane. Upon the conclusion of the Proclamation, the trumpets again sounded, and the Cavalcade, fol- lowed by the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs and Officers, proceeded to the Cornhill entrance of the Royal Exchange, where all alighted from their car- riages and proceeded through the Exchange to the steps facing Cheapside, where a Herald read the Proclamation again. The Officers of Arms were then entertained at the Mansion House by the Lord Mayor. Mourning was not worn. 126 Coronation. A precisely similar Ceremonial was observed on Friday, the 28th June following, on the occasion of coronation, the Proclamation of the Coronation of His Majesty. CHAPTER XL VIII. CORONATION. 1 WHEN the date of a Coronation has been proclaimed, the Remembrancer applies to the Earl Marshal that seats mav be allotted to the / Aldermen, Recorder, and Sheriffs, in Westminster Abbey for the occasion, and that a seat may be allotted to the Lady Mayoress in the Choir. The Remembrancer, in consultation with the Recorder and Common Serjeant, prepares the Claims of the Citv that the Lord Mavor, assisted bv twelve of the / */ / / principal Citizens, may serve the King with wine if there be a Coronation banquet in Westminster Hall, 2 and that the Lord Mayor may perform the service of attending the King in the Abbey bearing his Sceptre or crystal mace. It is the duty of the Remembrancer and City Solicitor to take the instructions of the General Purposes Committee of the Court of Aldermen as to supporting the Claims of the City in the Court of Claims. 1 . The rights and privileges of the Lord Mayor and Citizens of London at the Coronations of the successive Kings and Queens of England have their origin in the most remote antiquity. They existed before any records now extant, and traces of them are to be found in the earliest histories which are preserved. 2. At the Coronation of King George IV the Lord Mayor claimed to be attended by his four esquires, which was allowed. Since the accession of King William IV there has been no Coronation banquet, and the services in connection therewith have been dispensed with. Coronation. 127 The Remembrancer communicates with the Clerk of the Court of Claims as to the day on which the Claims preferred by the City are to be heard. He also arranges with the Commissioner of Police as to the route by which the Lord Mayor shall proceed to the Abbey. On the morning of the Coronation the Aldermen breakfast with the Lord Mayor at the Mansion House, and drive in procession to the Abbey. The Lord Mayor, with the Lady Mayoress, drives to the Abbey in his State Coach with six horses. The Aldermen follow in their private carriages. The Lord Mayor for this service wears a special crimson velvet robe, his jewel and collar of SS., and carries the small mace, commonly called the Sceptre or crystal mace, which is not used except to be borne by the Lord Mayor himself before the King on this occasion. The pattern of the Lord Mayor's Coronation Robe is shown in the portrait of the Lord Mayor of London among the illustrations appended to Sir Geo. Naylor's book of the Coronation of Geo. IV, published in 1837. The Aldermen and Sheriffs wear Court suits and scarlet gowns. The Sheriffs and those Aldermen who have served the office of Lord Mayor wear their chains. The Recorder wears his scarlet gown over Court suit and full bottomed wig. 128 Coronation. In the procession from the entrance to the Choir of the Abbey, the Lord Mayor walks behind the Third Sword, on the left of Garter or Lyon King of Arms. During the Coronation Service, his position is among those in immediate attendance on the King. In the Coronation book of .lames II, by Sandford, the position of the Lord Mayor during the Service is thus given : " The Archbishop of Canterbury sate in a " velvet chair on the North side of the Altar, " and the Bishops sate on benches on the North " side of the Area. ... On the same side " near the pulpit stood the Lord Mayor of Lon- " don, and Master of the Jewel House." The Lord Mayor appears standing in this position in the picture of the Coronation in the same work. The statement in the Coronation book of Geo. IV, by Sir Geo. Naylor, is as follows : " The King took his seat, the two Bishops, his " supporters, standing on each side, the Noblemen " bearing the four swords on his right hand, the " Deputy Lord Great Chamberlain and the Lord " High Constable on his left ; the Great Officers " of State, the Lord Howard of Effingham, acting " as Earl Marshal, the Dean of Westminster, the " Nobleman bearing the Regalia, Trainbearers, " Deputy Garter, Lyon King of Arms, the Lord " Mayor of London and Black Rod, standing " about the King's Chair." Coronation. 129 The Ceremony of the Royal Coronation of King Edward VII was governed by the terms of the following Proclamation : "By the KING. "A Proclamation, declaring His Majesty's pleasure touching His Royal " Coronation, and the solemnity thereof. "EDWARD R. " WHEREAS We have resolved, by the Favour and Blessing of Almighty " God, to celebrate the Solemnity of Our Royal Coronation, and of the " Coronation of Our dearly beloved Consort the Queen, upon a day in June " next to be hereafter determined, at Our Palace at Westminster ; and ' forasmuch as by ancient Customs and Usages of this Realm, as also in " regard of divers Tenures of sundry Manors, Lands, and other Heredita- " ments, many of Our loving Subjects do claim and are bound to do and " perform divers Services on the said Day, and at the Time of the Corona- " tion, as in Tinu s precedent their Ancestors and those from whom they " claim have done and performed at the Coronations of Our famous Pro- " genitors and Predecessors, Kings and Queens of this Realm ; We therefore. ' out of Our Princely Care for the Preservation of the lawful Rights and ' Inheritances of Our loving Subjects whom it may concern, have thought " fit to give Notice of and publish Our Resolution therein, and do hereby " give Notice of and publish the same accordingly : And We do hereby " further signify, That, by Our Commission under Our Great Seal of the " United Kingdom, We have appointed and authorised the Most Reverend " Father in God Our right trusty and right entirely beloved Councillor " Frederick, Archbishop of Canterbury Primate of All England and " Metropolitan ; Our right trusty and right well-beloved Cousin and " Councillor Hardinge Stanley Earl of Halsbury, Our Chancellor of Great " Britain ; the Most Reverend Father in God Our right trusty and right " entirely beloved Councillor William Dalrymple, Archbishop of York Pri- " mate of England and Metropolitan ; Our right trusty and right entirely " beloved Cousin and Councillor Spencer Compton Duke of Devonshire, " President of our Council ; Our right trusty and entirely beloved " Cousin and Councillor Robert Arthur Talbot Marquess of Salisbury, "Keeper of Our Privy Seal ; our right trusty and right entirely beloved ' Cousins and Councillors Henry Duke of Norfolk, Hereditary Earl " Marshal of England ; William John Arthur Charles James Duke of " Portland, Master of Our Horse ; Alexander William George Duke of " Fife ; Our right trusty and entirely beloved Cousins and Councillors " Henry Charles Keith Marquess of Lansdowne, one of Our Principal " Secretaries of State ; Gavin Marquess of Breadalbane ; Our right trusty K 130 Coronation. " and right well-beloved Cousins and Councillors Sidney Earl of Pembroke " and Montgomery, Lord Steward of Our Household ; Edward Hyde Earl " of Clarendon, Lord Chamberlain of Our Household ; Archibald Philip "Earl of Rosebery ; John Poyntz Earl Spencer; George Henry Earl " Cadogan, Our Lieutenant General and General Governor of Ireland ; " William Waldegrave Earl of Selborne, First Commissioner of Our " Admiralty ; Charles Robert Earl Carrington ; Frederick Sleigh Earl " Roberts, Commander-in-Chief of Our Forces ; Our right trusty and well- " beloved Councillor George Francis Hamilton, commonly called Lord " George Francis Hamilton, one of Our Principal Secretaries of State ; " the Right Reverend Father in God Our right trusty and well-beloved " Councillor Arthur Foley, Bishop of London ; Our right trusty and well- " beloved Councillors Alexander Hugh Lord Balfour of Burleigh, Our " Secretary for Scotland : Edward Lord Ashbourne, Chancellor of that " part of Our United Kingdom called Ireland ; Michael Lord Morris and " Killanin ; Henry Lord James of Hereford. Chancellor of Our Duchy of "Lancaster; James Patrick Bannerman Lord Robertson. Lord of Appeal " in Ordinary ; Richard Everard Lord Alverstone, Lord Chief Justice of " England ; Charles Thomson Ritchie, Joseph Chamberlain and St. John " Fremantle Brodrick, three of Our Principal Secretaries of State ; Sir " Michael Edward Hicks-Beach Baronet, Chancellor and Under-Treasurer " of our Exchequer ; Sir William George Granville Vernon Harcourt ; "John Blair Balfour, Lord Justice General and President of the Court of " Session in Scotland ; Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman ; Arthur James " Balfour, First Commissioner of Our Treasury ; Aretas Akers-Douglas, " First Commissioner of Our Works and Public Buildings ; Sir Francis " Henry Jeune, President of the Probate Divorce and Admiralty Division " of our High Court of Justice ; and Sir Archibald Levin Smith, Master " of the Rolls ; or any five or more of them, to receive, hear, and determine "the Petitions and Claims which shall be to them exhibited by any of Our " loving Subjects in this Behalf ; And We do hereby appoint such of Our " said Commissioners as may be summoned for that Purpose to sit in the " Council Chamber at Whitehall upon Wednesday the Seventeenth Day of " July next at Eleven of the Clock on the Morning of the same Day, and " from Time to Time to adjourn as to them shall seem meet, for the " Execution of Our said Commission, which We do thus publish, to the " Intent that all such Persons whom it may any ways concern may know " when and where to give their Attendance for the exhibiting of their " Petitions and Claims concerning their Services before mentioned to be " done and performed at Our said Coronation : And We do hereby signify " and declare that it is Our Royal Will and Pleasure that such part only " of the Solemnity and Ceremony of the Royal Coronation of Ourself and " Our dearly beloved Consort the Queen, as is usually upon the Coronation " of the Kings and Queens of this Realm solemnized in Westminster " Abbey shall take place. And We do further by this Our Royal Procla- " mation signify and declare that We do for Ourself, and for Our dearly ' ; beloved Consort the Queen dispense, upon the occasion of this Our " Coronation with the services and attendance of all persons who do claim Coronation. 131 ' and are bound to do and perform any services which, according to ancient ' custom or usage, are to be performed in Westminster Hall or in the ' Procession. And We do hereby further graciously declare that the same ' shall not interfere with the rights and privileges of any of Our loving ' Subjects to claim the performances of such several services or any of ' them at any future Coronation. And We do hereby, by and with the ' advice of Our Privy Council, declare and make known to all such of Our ' loving Subjects as it may concern, that it seems good to Us that the ' Committee of Claims shall, upon the occasion of this Our Coronation, ; exclude from their consideration such claims as may be submitted to ' them in respect of rights or services connected with the parts of the cere- ' monial heretofore performed in Westminster Hall and with the Procession. "Given at Our Court at St. Jttmes's, the Twenty-sixth day of June " in the First Year of Our Reign. "God save the King." On Tuesday, January 14th, 1902, the Recorder appeared with the Common Serjeant, Mr. Stuart Moore, and Mr. Forrest Fulton, as Junior Counsel, before the Court of Claims at Whitehall, in support of the Claim of the Lord Mayor to the Privilege of attending the ensuing Coronation of King Edward VII, bearing the Sceptre or Crystal Mace, according to the ancient custom and usage of the Realm. The Recorder handed in for the inspection of the Court a plate showing the position of the Lord Mayor at the exact moment of the Coronation of James II., and further pointed out that in connection with the Coronation of Queen Anne the official account in the " London Gazette " assigned the same position to the Lord Mayor, viz., to stand immediately behind the Peers who carried the Swords of State. The Lord Chan- cellor announced the decision of the Court that their Lordships had determined that it had been established that the Lord Mayor had by usage the K 2 132 Coronation. right, subject to His Majesty's pleasure, to be pre- sent at the Coronation as mentioned in the petition, 3 The Ceremony of the Coronation of their Majesties King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, originally fixed for Thursday, 26th June, 1902, was unavoid- ably postponed in consequence of the serious indis- position of His Majesty the King, and ultimately took place at Westminster Abbey on Saturday, the 9th August, 1902, and the following Extract from the Supplement to the London Gazette of Tuesday, the 28th October, 1902, giving a full account of the Proceedings at the Ceremonial for the Coronation of their Majesties, indicates the precise position assigned to the Lord Mayor in the Procession from the West Door of the Abbey into the Choir. THE KING'S REGALIA. St. Edward's Staff, The Sceptre with the Cross, borne by borne by the Earl Carrington. G.C.M.G. (P.CL) ; Duke of Argyll, his Coronet carried by his Page, K.T., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O. (P.f.), Viscount Wendover. Hereditary Master of His Majesty's Household in Scotland ; his Coronet carried by his Page, Ivor Campbell, Esq. A Golden Spur A Golden Spur, borne by the borne by the Lord Grey de Ruthyn ; Earl of Loudoun ; his Coronet carried by his Page, his Coronet carried by his Page, Lord Colum Stuart. Reginald Hastings, Esq. 3. The privileges of as well the Mayor, as the Aldermen, and other citizens elected by the Common Council to wait upon the Chief Butler of England, as was the custom, to serve in the Butlery at the banquet in Westminster Hall, did not arise before the Court of Claims. They were last exercised at the Coronation of George IV. and no occasion has since arisen for claiming them, as no banquet was held at the Coronations of William IV and Queen Victoria, and notification was given that at the Coronation of Edu-ard VII the same course would be pursued, and the ceremony confined to Westminster Abbey. Coronation. 133 The Third Sword, borne by Field-Marshal Viscount Wolseley, G.C.B , K.P.,O.M.,G.C.M.G. (P.O.); his Coronet carried by his Page, Curtana, The Second Sword, borne by the borne by Field-Marshal Duke of Graf ton, Earl Roberts, E.G., K.G., C.B. ; G.C B., K.P., O.M., G.C.S.I., his Coronet carried G.C.I.E., U.. (.P.O.} ; by his Page, his Coronet carried by Edwin J. Wolseley, Esq. Charles Fitzroy, Esq. his Page, Reginald Sherston, Esq. Norroy King of Arms, in his Ulster King of Arms, in his Lyon King of Clarenceux King of Arms, in his Arms, in his Tabard and Tabard and Tabard and Tabard and Collar, and Crown in his hand, Collar, carrying his Crown and Collar, carrying his Crown and Collar, and Crown in his hand, H. Farnham Burke. Somerset Herald, Acting for Xorroy. Esq., Sceptre, Sceptre, Sir Arthur E. Sir J. Balfour Vicars, Knt., C.V.O. Paul, Knt. AlfreJ S. Scott- Gatty, Esq. York Herald. Acting for Clarenceux. The Deputy Garter King of Lord Mayor of London, Arms, in his Tabard and in his Robe. Collar Collar, carrying his and Jewel, Crown and Sceptre, bearing the City Mace, 1 William H.Weldon, Esq. Rt. Hon. Sir Joseph C. Dimsdale, Bart. Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, Gen. Sir Michael Biddulph, G.C.B. The Lord Great Chamberlain of England, Marquess of Cholmondeley (P. 6'.), his Coronet carried by his Page, Lord George Hugo Cholmondeley. The High Constable of Ireland, the Duke of Abercorn,K.G.,C.B. (P.O.) ; his Coronet carried by his Page, Geoffrey Lambton, Esq. The High Constable of Scotland, Earl of Erroll, K T., C.B. ; his Coronet carried by his Page, Christian Seymour H. Combe, Esq. The Lord High Steward of Ireland, The Lord High Steward of Scotland, Earl of Shrewsbury, with his White Staff ; his Coronet carried by his Page, Gilbert Talbot, Esq. Earl of Crawford, K.T., as Deputy to His Royal Highness the Duke of Rothesay (the Prince of Wales) ; his Coronet carried by his Page, G. Humphrey Lindsay, Esq. 4. This refers to the City Sceptre or Crystal Mace. 134 Coronation. The Earl Marshal of England, the Duke of Xorfolk, K.G., K.C.V.O. (P.C.), with his Baton, attended by his two Pages, Henry Stewart, and Lyulph Howard, Esquires. The Sword of State, borne by the Marquess of Londonderry,K.G.(P. C.) his Coronet carried by his Page, Wentworth Beaumont, Esq. The Lord High Constable of England, the Duke of Fife, K.T., G.C.V.O. (P. <?.), with his Staff, attended by his two Pages, Eric Mackenzie, and Angus Cuningham- Grraham, Esquires. The Sceptre with the Dove, borne by the Earl of Lucan, K.P. ; his Coronet carried by his Page, David Bingham, Esq. St. Edward's Crown, borne by the Duke of Marlborough, K.G. (P.*?.), Lord High Steward, attended by his two Pages, Hon. Rupert Anson, and Ernald Anson, Esq. The Orb, borne by the Duke of Somerset ; his Coronet carried by his Page, Harold Sargent, Esq. The Patina, borne by the Bishop of Ely, D.D. The Bible, The Chalice, borne by the Bishop of borne by the Bishop of London, D.D. (P. 6'.) Winchester, D.D. -2 <? X DQ THE KING The Bishop in His Royal Crimson The Bishop of Bath Robe of State, of and Wells, D.D. wearing the Collar Durham, D.D. of the Garter, on His Head the Cap of State, His Majesty's Train borne by Earl of Portarlington. Marquess Conyngham. Duke of Leinster. Earl of Caledon. Lord Vernon. Lord Somers. H. E. Festinge, Esq. Hon. V. A. Spencer. assisted by Lord Suffield, G.C.V.O., K.C.B. (P. C.*), the Master of the Robes, his Coronet carried by his Page, Hon. C. T. Mills; and followed by the Groom of the Robes, H. D. Erskine, Esq., C.V.O. w Coronation. 135 The various proceedings in connection with the celebration of the Coronation by the Corporation are set out in a Report of the Committee of the Whole Court of Common Council, presented on the llth December, 1902, and in a Report from the Committee of Privileges to the Court of Aldermen, presented on the 10th May, 1904. Following the Coronation Ceremony on the 9th Auimst. an intimation was received from the O ' Home Secretary that the Royal Progress through the streets of London would take place on the 25th October, when their Majesties would honour the City and the Corporation with their presence at luncheon on that day, in the course of the Royal Progress. The festivities associated with the historic event of the Coronation are fully dealt with in the Reports. In the month of June communications were received from the Prime Minister intimating that on the occasion of the approaching Coronation the dignity of a Baronetcy would be conferred upon the Lord Mayor, Sir Joseph Cockfield Dimsdale, Knight, and the honour of Knighthood upon the Sheriffs, Mr. Alderman and Sheriff Bell and Mr. Sheriff Marshall, and upon Sir Prior Goldney, Bart., City Remembrancer, the distinction of a Companion of the Order of the Bath. 5 5. The Medal struck to commemorate the Coronation was presented by the King to the Lord Mayor, the two Senior Aldermen. Sir J. Whitaker Ellis and Sir Henry Edmund Knight, and the Sheriffs. 136 Coronation. On Sunday, the 26th October, 1902, their Majesties the King and Queen were present at a Special Service in St. Paul's Cathedral in Thanks- giving for the recovery from sickness of His Majesty. Their Majesties were received at the City Boundary on the Victoria Embankment by the Lord Mayor, the Aldermen and the Sheriffs, accompanied by the Remembrancer of the City of London, where the Lord Mayor, in accordance with ancient custom, surrendered the City Sword to the Sovereign, which His Majesty returned. The Lord Mayor thereupon re-entered his car- riage and preceded the King to the West Entrance of the Cathedral, and their Majesties having alighted, the Lord Mayor preceded them to the Royal seats, where the Lord Mayor laid the City Sword on a table before the King. At the conclusion of the Service the Lord Mayor took up the Sword, and carrying it, as before, again preceded their Majesties to their carriage. The Sovereign was graciously pleased to dis- pense with the further attendance of the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs after leaving the Cathedral. Satisfactory arrangements were made by the Dean and Chapter for the attendance of the Mem- bers of the Corporation and their Ladies. In the month of November following, a com- munication was addressed by the Prime Minister to the Lord Mavor in the following terms : Coronation. 137 " 10, Downing Street, "Whitehall, S.W., 11 November 1th, 1902. " My Dear Lord Mayor, " It affords me great satisfaction to be authorised to inform you that His Majesty, on the occasion of his Birthday, has been graciously pleased to direct that you should be sworn a Member of His Most Honourable Privy Council, in recognition of the valuable services which you have rendered during your tenure of the office of Lord Mayor of the City of London in a most eventful year. " Yours faithfully, " ARTHUR JAMES BALFOUR." And the further distinction of a Knight Com- mander of the Victorian Order was bestowed. The Sheriffs, Mr. Alderman Truscott and Mr. Brooke- Hitching, also received communications from the Prime Minister intimating the intention of His Majesty to confer the honour of Knighthood upon them. Sheriffs. Remem- brancer. House of Commons. Bar. Speaker. 138 Petitions to the House of Commons. CHAPTER XLIX. PETITIONS TO THE HOUSE OF COMMONS. Court of Aldermen has the privilege of presenting its petitions to the House of Com- mons by the Sheriffs 1 of London at the bar of the House. When a petition is ordered to be presented, the Remembrancer sends a copy of it to the Speaker and informs him when the Sheriffs will present it. At three o'clock on the day appointed, the Sheriffs come to Guildhall in their scarlet gowns, gold chains, black Court suits, and state carriages, and, accompanied by the Remembrancer, proceed from Guildhall to the House of Commons. On their arrival at the House they are shown into the room of the Speaker's Private Secretary, and the Remembrancer informs the Speaker that the Sheriffs have arrived. The Speaker usually sends for the Sheriffs as soon as the House is formed; and they proceed to the bar of the House, the Serjeant-at-Arms with his Mace on his shoulder being on their right hand and the Remembrancer on their left. In approaching the bar they make three rever- ences to the Speaker, who, addressing the Sheriffs, 1. If but one Sheriff attend, cause must be shown for the absence of his colleague ; and if either of the Sheriffs be a member of the House it is not necessary for him to attend at the bar. If both Sheriffs are unable to attend, the petition is presented by the Lord Mayor and three Aldermen. Charity Sermons. 139 Sheriff. Retire. Place. Dinner. says, " Mr. Sheriff, what have you got there ? " To which the Sheriff answers, " A petition from the " Lord Major and Aldermen, which we have been " ordered to present to this Honourable House." And the Senior Sheriff delivers the petition to the junior clerk of the table, who is in attendance to receive it. The Serjeant-at-Arms, Sheriffs, and Remem- brancer then retire from the bar, making three re- verences as before. The Sheriffs and Remembrancer then take their place under the gallery of the House. The Sheriffs usually dine at the House of Com- mons on these occasions, and invite the members for the City of London, and others, to dine with them. CHAPTER L. CHARITY SERMONS. Attendance. TTTHENEVER the Lord Mayor is present at any charity sermon he is attended by the Sheriffs and Under Sheriffs ; and, if requested by the mana- gers of the charity, they take their ladies with them. Mansion Tn e Lord Mayor leaves the Mansion House with House. the Sword and Mace ; and the Lady Mayoress, the 140 Charity Sermons. Procession. Church. Vestry. Mansion House. Sheriffs and their ladies, the Under Sheriffs and their ladies. The Lord Mayor and Sheriffs in scar- let gowns and chains ; Under Sheriffs, black Court dress and swords. The City Marshal in his scarlet dress leads the procession on horseback. Then follow the Under Sheriffs, the two Sheriffs, and the Lord Mayor. l They are received at the church by the City Marshal, the police, the Committee of the charity, and the Churchwardens; by whom they are con- ducted to their seats. When the service is about to commence, the same form of procession is adopted, from the Vestry to the Lord Mayor's seat; the Clergy closing the procession. After the Service and Collection they return to the Vestry. The procession returns to the Mansion House, the Lord Mayor going first. 1. If any Aldermen are present they take their places in the procession between the Sheriffs and the Lord Mayor. St. Paul's. Fasts. Thanks- givings. Fasts. Thanksgivings. 141 CHAPTER LI. FASTS. THANKSGIVINGS. IF any public Fast be ordered by the Sovereign, the Lord Mayor goes in state, with the Alder- men, Sheriffs, etc., to St. Paul's, all wearing black gowns; and the black sword is carried before the Lord Mayor. The Lord Mayor also goes in state to St. Paul's on days appointed for Thanksgiving, with the Aldermen and Sheriffs, wearing their scarlet gowns and chains 1 ; the Swordbearer carrying the pearl sword. On the 27th of February, 1872, a General Thanks- giving took place in the cathedral of St. Paul's, for the recovery of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales from dangerous illness. The following were the arrangements carried out by a Committee of the Court of Common Council, and a Committee of the Court of Aldermen. A deputation of Aldermen, Sheriffs, and Com- mon Councilmen, appointed to receive the Queen at Temple Bar, assembled at the Mansion House at ten A.M., on the morning of the Thanksgiving Day, and also the Aldermen, and Members of the Com- mittee. 1. Order of Procession as in Chapter I. 142 Fasts. Thanksgivings. The Lord Mayor, with the Deputation and Sheriffs, left the Mansion House at half-past ten o'clock, preceded by the City Marshal and : four City Trumpeters, and proceeded by Queen Victoria Street across New Bridge Street, and through Tudor Street, entering the Temple at Whitefriars Gate. At twelve o'clock the Lord Mayor, deputation, and Sheriffs mounted their horses, left the Temple by Whitefriars Gate at which they entered, turned up Bouverie Street, and proceeded to Temple Bar, where, leaving the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, the rest of the deputation turned round and proceeded to take their places on each side of the street, oppo- site to their position in the procession. The Lord Mayor and Sheriffs dismounted at Temple Bar, where a room had been placed at their disposal by Messrs. Child and Co., Bankers. On the arrival of the Queen at Temple Bar, the Lord Mayor presented the City Sword of State to Her Majesty, who returned it to his Lordship. The Lord Mayor and the Sheriffs then remounted and took their respective places in the procession. The order of procession from Temple Bar to St. Paul's was as follows: Four City Trumpeters Eight members of the Court of Common Council The Sheriffs Fasts. Thanksgivings. 143 Six Aldermen (juniors first) City Marshal Common Cryer Svvordbearer The Right Honourable the Lord Mayor, carrying the City Sword of State The Lady Mayoress and the lady accompanying her being seated in the Cathedral, the Lord Mayor, the Sheriffs, and the Deputation, upon arriving at St. Paul's, preceded Her Majesty to the places assigned to them, without forming any procession. At the conclusion of divine service, the proces- sion returned to Buckingham Palace in the same order as on arriving, but the route was by Ludgate Hill, the Old Bailey, the Holborn Viaduct, Holborn, Oxford Street, the Marble Arch, Hyde Park (East side), and Constitution Hill the Lord Mayor, the Sheriffs, and the Deputation from the Aldermen and Common Council of the City of London, preceding Her Majesty as far as the con- fines of the City. The question of the seats in St. Paul's Cathedral which were to be assigned to the Corporation, was the subject of several representations to the Lord Chamberlain. Of the total number of tickets sent by the Lord Chamberlain to the Lord Mayor, 324 numbered tickets were forwarded by the Lord Mayor for the 144 Fasts. Thanksgivings. Members of the Court of Common Council and Officers; these tickets were thereupon forthwith appropriated amongst the several members and the principal officers by ballot. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, commanding in chief, directed that twenty-two troop horses of the Royal Artillery should be in readiness for the Deputation, each horse having its attendant trooper. To preserve due order in the City, the Lord Mayor caused an application to be made to the Secretary of State for the Home Department, in conformity with the City Police Act, for the co- operation of the Metropolitan Police Force within the City, and, by order of His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, troops were also furnished for keeping the route clear. A large number of seats were erected upon the vacant ground on both sides of the Holborn Viaduct, on a further portion of vacant ground in the Old Bailey, also in the yard adjoining the Ses- sions House, and in other places commanding a view of the procession. Temple Bar and the route of the procession within the City were appropriately decorated, and a triumphal arch, from a design by the City Archi- tect, was erected at the junction of Fleet Street and Fasts. Thanksgivings. 145 Ludgate Hill. In the evening the Guildhall, the Mansion House, Temple Bar, and the triumphal arch, were illuminated. In connection with the celebration of thanks- giving, Her Majesty conferred upon the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor the honour of a baronetcy, and knighthood upon the Sheriffs. A medal was struck as a memorial of the National Demonstration in the City of London on the Day of Thanksgiving. CHAPTER LII. GUILDHALL. rpHE Keeper of the Guildhall receives and obeys any instructions or orders from the Lord Mayor respecting the opening or closing of the Guildhall. The Lord Mayor gives directions for closing Guildhall on fast days and days of general thanks- giving, public entertainments, and on bank holidays as appointed by Act of Parliament. Also on the days appointed for the funerals of members of the Royal Family, and on similar public days. Elections. Meetings. Elections. Guildhall. The Lord Mayor grants permission, in cases of Elections in Guildhall, for the Committees of the candidates to meet in one of the Committee Rooms. 1 The Lord Mayor has the right of convening meet- ings in the Hall for all municipal purposes, and as the head of the Corporation, his Lordship gives directions for closing Guildhall upon special occa- sions connected with the Corporation. His Lord- ship occasionally allows public meetings to be held in Guildhall, upon subjects not strictly of a muni- cipal character, which meetings, however, are pre- sided over by his Lordship. The use of the Guildhall for any other purpose is only granted by the Court of Common Council. Under the Act for the election of Members of Parliament for the City of London, the Guildhall is the place appointed for taking the poll of the Livery ; and on that occasion the Sheriffs, being the returning Officers, give directions as to' the time at which the Guildhall shall be opened. 1. The Gallery on the North side of the Hall is appropriated on occasions of Public Ceremonials to the use of the Lady Mayoress and her friends, and the ladies of the Aldermen and Sheriffs. Visits of Queen Victoria. 147 CHAPTER LIN. VISITS OF HER MAJESTY QUEEN VICTORIA TO THE CITY OF LONDON. HANSON, A T a Court of Common Council, holden on Thurs- Mayor. f\ -l_ day, the 26th May, 1887, the Right Honour- able the Lord Mayor informed the Court that Her Majesty the Queen passed through the City on Saturday, the 14th instant, on her way to inaugu- rate the People's Palace at Mile End. That in accordance with ancient custom he had attended, as Lord Mayor, to receive Her Majesty on her arrival at the City Boundary at Holborn Bars, and, accom- panied by four Aldermen, the Sheriffs, and the Remembrancer, had escorted her through the City. The Queen, on her return journey, was graciously pleased to honour the Lord Mayor and the Cor- poration by paying a visit to the Mansion House, where the Aldermen, Sheriffs, and other Members of the Corporation were assembled to assist the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress in receiving Her Majesty and the Members of the Royal Family by whom she was accompanied, and on her departure was graciously pleased to express her great satis- faction with the proceedings of the day. And at the same Court the following letter from the most Noble the Marquis of Salisbury, K.G., was read: L 2 148 n.nfs of Queen Victoria. " Foreign Office, " May 17th, 1887. " My Lord, " It is with great pleasure that I have to in- " form you that, in token of the pleasure which " she has derived from the loyal welcome of the ''citizens of London, and in recognition of your " own services, Her Majesty the Queen has been " pleased to confer upon you the honour of a " Baronetcy of the United Kingdom. 1 " I have the honour to be, My Lord, * Your obedient Servant, " SALISBURY. " The Right Hon. the Lord Mayor." The Sheriffs also had the honour of Knighthood conferred upon them. Queen The Queen's Jubilee in the following month was Victoria's Jubilee. celebrated by an Address to Her Majesty, presented at Buckingham Palace, and by a Thanksgiving Service at St. Paul's Cathedral, on the 23rd June, 1887, the Lord Mayor and the Corporation being- accompanied to the Cathedral by the Masters and Wardens of the several Livery Companies, and other City representatives ; a contribution of 5,000 1. Her Majesty was pleased to intimate her intention to confer a Baronetcy on the Senior Alderman, Sir Robert Walter Carden, Knight, and on the 12th of August. 1887, to confer the honour of Knighthood on Alderman William Lawrence, the next Senior Alderman, Visits of Queen Victoria. 149 was made towards the cost of the Imperial Insti- tute ; and, lastly, a Reception and Ball given in the Guildhall on Tuesday, the 28th June. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, and all the other Members of the Royal Family, accepted invitations to be present, as also did the whole of the Foreign Sovereigns and the Royal and distinguished visitors to this country. The total number of guests present was 4,646. It was graciously intimated that Her Majesty having visited the Lord Mayor and Corporation at the Mansion House on the 14th day of May, would not be enabled to again visit the City on the occasion of her Jubilee. NEWTON, At a Court of Common Council, holden on Thursday, the 15th day of March, 1900, the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor informed the Court that Her Majesty the Queen passed into the City on Thursday, the 8th instant, in the course of her progress from Buckingham Palace, by way of the Victoria Embankment, New Bridge Street, and St. Bride Street, to Holborn, and thence returned to the Palace. That, in accordance with ancient custom, he attended, as Lord Mayor, accompanied by the Sheriffs, and attended by the State Officials, to receive Her Majesty on arrival at the City boundary, on the Embankment ; the Aldermen in 150 Visits of Queen Victoria. their Scarlet Robes, and Commoners in their Mazarine Gowns, being present on the occasion. He presented the City Sword, which Her Majesty was graciously pleased to return. Her Majesty gave expression to her feelings in the following gracious words : " I wisli to thank you for all that my City has " done." To which he humbly replied : " Your Majesty's most gracious words will be " ever treasured in our hearts." Her Majesty was graciously pleased to command the presentation to Her of the Lady Mayoress. With this extremelv o-ratifvino; favour shown to */ o */O the Corporation and the Citizens, Her Majesty was pleased, in continuing her progress, to dispense with the further attendance of himself and the Sheriffs. And at the same Court a letter from the Most Noble the Marquis of Salisbury, K.G., was read as follows : " Foreign Office, " March 10th, 1900. " My dear Lord, " Her Majesty yesterday informed me that " it was her gracious intention to confer a " Baronetcy upon your Lordship, and a Knight- " hood upon each of the two Sheriffs. Visits of Queen Victoria. 151 " In doing so she has not only resolved to " follow the custom which has prevailed in refer- " ence to Royal Visits to the City, but she has " desired to mark her sense of the distinguished " services which the City of London has rendered " to the Empire within the last few months. " Believe me, " My dear Lord, " Yours very truly, " SALISBURY. " The Rt. Hon. the Lord Mavor." 152 Queen Victorias Diamond Jubilee. CHAPTER LIV. QUEEN VICTORIA'S DIAMOND JUBILEE. ON Tuesday, the 22nd June, 1897, Her Majesty Queen Victoria paid a State visit to the City of London on the completion of the 60th year of Her Reign, and as regards the arrangements within the City, the accustomed usage was observed in the part taken by the Corporation according to ancient Custom, Right and Privilege upon all occasions of the Sovereign paying a State Visit to the City of London. The Right Honourable the Lord Mayor, accom- panied by the Sheriffs, and attended by the City Marshal, all being mounted, proceeded from the Mansion House along the line of route to the site of Temple Bar. They then dismounted, and, upon Her Majesty's arrival, His Lordship, accompanied by a Deputation of the Aldermen, the Sheriffs, and a Deputation of the Common Council, attended by the Swordbearer, Common Cryer and Marshal, and by Mr. Remembrancer, received Her Majesty, presenting, according to ancient Custom, the City Sword, which Her Majesty was graciously pleased to return to His Lordship, who, with the Sheriffs, thereupon remounted, taking their assigned positions in the Royal Procession, His Lord- ship, according to precedent, riding bareheaded and carrying the City Sword before Her Majesty in front of Her Majesty's own personal Escort. Queen Victoria s Diamond Jubilee. 153 Upon the Procession halting at St. Paul's, where a Thanksgiving Service was held, the Lord Mayor with the Sheriff's proceeded to the Mansion House, to be in readiness to receive the Queen there. On the Queen's arrival Her Majesty was graciously pleased to stop at the Mansion House and to receive a bouquet of flowers at the hands of the Lady Mayoress, the Lord Mayor, attended by the Swordbearer and Common Cryer, and accompanied by the Deputation of Aldermen and Commoners, being present, and Her Majesty gave expression to her feelings in the following gracious words : ' Thank you very much. I am very, very grateful to you." The Lord Mayor presented the Lady Mayoress to the Queen. With this extremely gratifying favour shown to the Corporation and the Citizens, Her Majesty was pleased, in continuing her progress, to dispense with the further attendance of the Lord Mayor and the Sheriffs. The Diamond Jubilee was further celebrated by an Address to Her Majesty. By a subscription to the Prince of Wales's Hospital Fund of 1,000/. for the then present year, and of 500/. per annum for the eight following years. 154 Queen Victoria s Diamond Jubilee. And by a Reception and Ball given in the Guild- hall on Monday, 5th July, 1897, attended by 3,800 persons, including Ambassadors and Ministers of State, Members of the Houses of Lords and Commons, representatives of the various municipali- ties and other public bodies, and of trade and com- merce in the City, together with a full representa- tion of the numerous visitors from the Colonies, in- cluding all the Premiers visiting England. At the Court of Common Council held on the 24th June, 1897, the following letter from the Eight Honourable the Lord Mayor was read : " Mansion House, London, " June 24th, 1897. " My dear Town Clerk, " Will you, in my absence, inform the Court of " Common Council that Her Majesty the Queen " has been graciously pleased to confer upon me " the dignity of a Baronetcy. "lam, " Yours f aithf ully, " G. FAUDEL-PHILLIPS." The Sheriffs also had the honour of Knighthood conferred upon them. Passage of Troops throng k the City. 155 CHAPTER LV. PASSAGE OF TROOPS THROUGH THE CITY. it is necessary for troops to pass through the City of London, the Secretary Letter, Secre- of State for the Home Department writes to the tary of State, Home Lord Mayor to inform him thereof, and to request Department. . the sanction of the Authorities of the City of London for the troops marching through it. 1. The Royal London Militia, now the <!th Battalion of the Royal Fusiliers, which was originally raised from the trained bands of London, have the privilege of marching through the City with bayonets fixed and colours flying. The Honourable Artillery Company claim and have exercised the same privilege. There is one regiment of infantry, the "East Kent" formerly known as the 3rd, or " Buffs," which, in consequence of its having been originally formed from the trained bauds of London, has been allowed the privilege to march through the City of London with bayonets fixed and colours flying. This privilege was exercised about 1821 , and again in 1846, in the mayor- alty of Mr. Alderman Johnson (when the City Marshals bad directions to receive and attend the regiment through the City); and again in 1863, during the mayoralty of Mr. Alderman Rose. Since 1881, " The Royal Fusiliers," formerly the 7th Foot, has been designated " The City of London Regiment," and in that year Lord Mayor Ellis gave permission for the regiment to pass through the City with colours flying and bayonets fixed. In 1808 the Commanding Officer wrote thereon to the Clerk to the Lord Mayor, embodying in his letter the following paragraph, viz. : "As no record of this permission has been made in the digest of " services of my battalion, and as we value the distinction, I shall be " extremely obliged if you will kindly favour me with a copy of the " permission you refer to which enables us at all times to take advantage " of the privilege." The Clerk to the Lord Mayor, by his Lordship's directions, forwarded to the Town Clerk a copy of the letter, and in doing so stated that a similar permission was granted (by Lord Mayor Sir Horatio Davies) to the regi- ment to march through the City on the 14th December. 1897, and concluded the letter as follows : " The Lord Mayor is doubtful whether the permission so granted in " 1881 is to be taken, as Colonel Mortimer assumas as a standing l> privilege." 156 Passage of Troops through the City. The Town Clerk thereupon wrote as follows to Colonel Mortimer : "Sir, ''Guildhall, 23rd February, 18J8. " Passage of Troops through the City. The Lord Mayor has forwarded to me copy of his correspondence "hereon. with you, with especial reference to your letter to the Chief "Clerk. Mansion House, under date the 15th January, 189S. " In this letter you quote from a letter of prior date, addressed by the " Chief Clerk to the Officer Commanding the Home District, in which 'reference is made to a letter from Lord Mayor Ellis, dated the'l 4th ' November, 1881, and from which you draw an inference that the per- ' mission is thereby given, enabling you at all times to take advantage ' of the privilege. ' For your fuller information, I now enclose a copy of that letter. ' which, as you will observe, was a permission to march through the City ' on a day specifically named, and in reply to a direct application from the Commanding Officer. And this will be the course to be taken on any future occasion. " I am, Sir, " Your obedient Servant. "JOHN B. MONCKTOX. "T<t Lieut. -Col. C. L. Mortimer, " Commanding 1st Btn. lloyal Fusiliers." Commission. Com- missioners. Lieutenancy of the City of London. 157 CHAPTER LVI. LIEUTENANCY OF THE CITY OF LONDON. armament and array of the militia for the -L City of London is entrusted to commissioners named by the Crown, in a commission issued under the great seal, pursuant to the powers of an Act of Parliament passed in the 13th and 14th years of the reign of King Charles the Second (1661). The commission is issued from time to time, by the Crown, upon application to the Secretary of State for War by the existing commissioners or the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor for the time being, who is the head of the commission. His Majesty's Lieutenants for the City of London consist of the Lord Mayor, the Aldermen, the Re- corder, the Chamberlain, the Town Clerk, the Common Serjeant, and the Deputies of the City for the time being, by virtue of their respective offices; also, of the directors of the Bank of England, and of such other eminent merchants and citizens as the Lord Mayor may think fit to recom- mend to His Majesty, 1 and who shall be approved of by the Secretary of State for War; and it has been customary to continue in every new commis- sion those gentlemen who were specially named in 1. In the year 1901 His Majesty the King intimated to the Lord Mayor that, in common with all Lieutenancies throughout the country, only one- third of the vacancies arising in the Lieutenancy of the City of London in each year were to be filled up. Where the number of vacancies is not divisible by three, the one or two vacancies remaining over are carried forward to the following year, I Gn>. IV, cap. 100. Establish- ment. Precepts. 158 Lieutenancy of the City of London. the former commission, although they may have ceased to hold the appointment by virtue of which they were originally nominated, unless they should have become disqualified by bankruptcy, insol- vency, or other sufficient cause. The powers* of the Commissioners are regulated by Acts of Parliament, 1 Geo. IV. cap. 100, en- titled " An Act for amending and reducing into one " Act of Parliament two several Acts passed in the " 36th and 39th years of the reign of his late " Majesty George the Third, for the better ordering " and further regulating the Militia of the City of " London ; " and by the general Militia Act, 42 Geo. II. cap. 90 ; the 2nd section of the former of which empowers the commissioners to arm, array, and exercise the militia, and to appoint the officers 2 , who are to possess certain qualifications directed by the general Militia Act, 42 Geo. III. cap. 90 : And, by Sec. 6, The establishment of the militia consists of six hundred privates, formed into one regiment of ten companies. The field officers are one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, and one major. There are also ten captains, twelve lieutenants, and eight ensigns. 3 Sees. 8 to 11, and 16. The men are provided by the Wards of the City, in certain proportions named in the Act ; and are raised under precepts issued by '2. Now repealed by Act of 34 and 35 Viet., cap. 86. 3. The appointment of ensigns is now discontinued, and two sub- lieutenants are appointed in their place. Lieutenancy of the City of London. 159 Militia Rate. Pay. the Commissioners at the expense of the Wards; the Aldermen and Deputies of each of which are empowered to make a rate, called the Militia Rate, for the purpose ; or, in default, the Commissioners are empowered to make and levy a rate themselves. Sec. 24. The pay, arming, clothing, and contin- gencies of the militia are to be defrayed by the Government, the same as other militia regiments of the kindom. Expenses. Sec. 35. The necessary charges and incidental expenses of the militia (including those of the Com- mission), and the support and maintenance of the Trophy Tax. headquarters 4 , are defrayed out of the Trophy Tax, which the Commissioners are empowered to levy in every year, being the proportion of one month's tax, amounting to 4,666Z. 13s. 4^., which is charge- able on the City of London by the Act of 13 and 14 Car. II. cap. 3, sec. 27, " for ordering the Forces " in the several counties in this kingdom," and is raised under the warrant of the Crown, upon the precept of the Commissioners, directed to the Al- derman and Deputy of each Ward and commanding them to assess their respective Wards. In case of default the same power is given to the Commis- sioners ; and no warrant can be issued for the pur- pose till the Aldermen, who are Justices of the Peace, or the majority of them, at some general or quarter sessions of the peace for the City, shall 4. The non-commissioned officers, drummers, and fifers. when UIP regiment is disembodied, are paid by the War Office, 13-14 Car. II cap. 3, sec. 27 Warrant. Precept. 160 Lieutenancy of the City of London. Accounts. have examined or allowed the accounts of the trophy money last raised, and certified the same to Duplicate. the Commissioners; and a duplicate of such account, certificated on oath, is directed to be de- livered by the Clerk and Treasurer to the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commons in Common Council assembled. Volunteer The powers of the lieutenancy, as regards the Rifle Volunteer Corps of the City of London, are precisely similar to those of lords-lieutenants of counties. By the Army Regulation Act 34 and 35 Vic. cap. 86, it was enacted that : " After a day to be named by order of Her " Majesty in council, all jurisdiction, powers, " duties, command and privileges over, of, or " in relation to the militia and volunteers of " England, vested in or exercisable by the lieu- " tenants of counties, should revert to Her " Majesty, and should be exercisable by Her " Majesty through the Secretary of State, or any " officers to whom Her Majesty might delegate " the same, saving nevertheless to the lieutenants " of counties, their jurisdictions, powers, duties, " and privileges in relation to raising the militia " by ballot, and the proceedings incidental " thereto. " Commissions on first appointments to the " rank of cornet, ensign, or lieutenant, are given Clerk and Treasurer. Records. Privilege. Uniform. Lieutenancy of the City of London. 161 " to persons recommended by Her Majesty's " lieutenants ; if a person approved by Her " Majesty is recommended within 30 days after " notice of a vacancy has been given by the " Secretary of State by letter addressed to them " by post." By sec. 18 it was enacted : " That nothing in the Act should affect the " raising of the trophy tax." By Sections 36 and 37 of 1 Geo. IV, cap. 100, the Commissioners appoint a person as Clerk and Trea- surer ; also a messenger : and have power to make such other civil appointments as they may think necessary. The records of the commission are pre- served in a regular series from the year 1676, in charge of the clerk and treasurer. His Majesty's lieutenants have the privilege, by custom, of being received, upon presenting any address, by His Majesty upon the throne, the same as the Courts of Aldermen and Common Council, the Corporation of Dublin, and the tw r o universi- ties ; and are entitled to wear an uniform of scarlet and blue, with silver lace and epaulettes, as appointed by his Majesty King Edward the Seventh. The Lord Mayor or the mover reads the address, after which the mover and seconder are presented to the King and kiss hands. M 162 Lieutenancy of the City of London. COPY OF His MAJESTY'S COMMISSION OF LIEUTENANCY FOR THE CITY OF LONDON. EDWARD THE SEVENTH, by the grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Defender of the Faith. To our trusty and well-beloved , Lord Mayor of our city of London, and the Lord Mayor of our said city for the time being ; our trusty and well-beloved (here follow the names of the Aldermen who have passed the Chair) ; our trusty and well-beloved - , Recorder of our city of London, and the recorder of our said city for the time being ; our trusty and well-beloved (here folloiv the names of the Aldermen who have not passed the Chair), Aldermen of our city of London, and the aldermen of our said city for the time being ; our trusty and well-beloved , Chamberlain of our city of London, and the chamberlain of our said city for the time being ; , Town Clerk of our city of London, and the town clerk of our said city for the time being ; - , Common Serjeant of our city of London, and the common serjeant of our said city for the time being ; (here follow the names of the several Deputies'), Deputies of our city of London, and the deputies of our said city for the time being ; (here follow names of other Commis- sioners') Greeting : WHEEEAS, by a certain Act of Parliament, made in the parliament begun at Westminster the eighth day of May in the thirteenth year of the reign of our royal predecessor Charles the Second, King of England, intituled An Act for ordering the Forces in the several counties of this kingdom, and by authority of the same it was declared and enacted (amongst other things), That the King's Most Excellent Majesty, his heirs and successors, should and might, from time to time as occasion should require, issue forth several Commissions of Lieutenancy to such persons as His Majesty, his heirs and successors, should think fit, to be His Majesty's lieutenants for the several and respective counties, cities, and places of England and dominion of Wales, and town of Lieutenancy of the City of London. Berwick upon Tweed, as by the said Act may more fully and at large appear : AND WHEREAS divers powers and authorities are given to, and divers matters and things are directed and required to be transacted and done by His Majesty's Commissioners of Lieutenancy, constituted and appointed for the city of London, by other Acts of Parliament : AND WHEREAS Her late Majesty Queen Victoria did, by her letters patent under the Great Seal of her United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster the 8th day of November, in the sixty-fourth year of her reign, nominate and appoint certain persons particularly named in the said Letters Patent, Her Lieutenants within her said city of London, the suburbs and liberties of the same, and all privileged places within the limits and precincts of the same, as well within the liberties as without, as by the said recited letters patent (relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear : Now KNOW YE, that we have revoked and determined, and by these presents do revoke and determine, the said recited letters patent, and every clause, article, and thing therein contained ; AND FURTHER KNOW YE, that we, by virtue of the said recited Acts of Parliament, have nominated, made, and appointed, and by these presents do nominate, make, and appoint YOU, OUR LIEU- TENANTS within our city of London aforesaid, the suburbs and liberties of the same and all privileged places within the limits and precincts of the same, as well within liberties as without, during our pleasure. AND WE DO by these presents give and grant unto you or any nine or more of you, whereof the lord mayor or any one of the aldermen of our said city of London now and for the time being to be one, full power and authority, to do, execute, transact, and perform all and singular the matters and things, which to such Lieutenants, to be nominated or constituted by us for the said city of London by force of any law, do in anywise belong to be done, executed, transacted, or performed ; And therefore we will and command you or any nine or more of you, whereof the lord mayor or any one of the aldermen of our city of London aforesaid now and for the time being to be one, 164 Lieutenancy of the City of London. that according to the tenor of these our letters patent, you proceed and execute all those things with effect, on peril that may fall thereon. IN WITNESS whereof we have caused these our letters t be made patent. WITNESS ourself at Weshm'nsfer, the day of , in the year of our reign. By Warrant under the King's Sign Manual. In March, 1902, the uniform was modified as described in the following particulars, viz. : Particulars of the Uniform to be worn by His Majesty's Lieu- tenants for the City of London, as approved by His Majesty King Edward VII, March, 1902. COCKED HAT. Black silk, silver double bullion loop, flat gold tassels, 6 gold bullions with crimson bullions under them. PLUME. White swan feathers, drooping outwards 10 inches long, with red feathers under. COATEE. Scarlet cloth, double breasted, stand up collar, two rows of buttons down the front, nine in each row, the ninth to be below the belt, two at the waist behind, the skirts edged with white, the edging f-inch wide at the waist and about 2^ inches at the points. Collar and cuffs of blue cloth. Scarlet cloth three-pointed slashes on the cuffs and flaps at the waist. The collar, cuffs, and slashes trimmed with silver embroidery. The City badge at the points of the skirts. EPAULETTES. Silver, with embroidered City badge. EMBROIDERY. Silver, oak leaf and acorn pattern. BUTTONS. Silver-plated ; mounted with City shield, crown, and motto. TROUSERS. Blue cloth, 2| inch silver lace down the outside seams. Lieutenancy of the City of London. 165 SWORD BELT. Silver lace on crimson Morocco leather H inches wide. A silver laced frog attached to the belt by two 1 inch loops on a leather runner. WAISTPLATE. An inch wide square plate with wreath, City badge and crown. SWORD KNOT. Crimson and gold. SWORD. Gilt hilt, ivory grip, straight blade. Device, City arms and motto. SCABBARD. Black, with gilt mountings. CLOAK and CAPE. Blue cloth, turn down collar, fastened with one hook and eye, five buttons down the front, no sleeves, a slit at each side with pointed flap, a silk covered button and button- hole at the point ; back strap fastened with two silk covered buttons and button holes ; slit at back with two silk covered buttons inside, the depth to suit the wearer. The cape forms part of the garment, three silk covered buttons in front, button holes in a fly ; long enough to reach to the knuckles. White lining throughout. No SASH or SPURS. Patterns of f lie above can be seen at the War Office (0. 7. Dress). N 2 Honourable Artillery Company. Artillery Ground. James I. 166 Honourable Artillery Company. CHAPTER LVIL HONOURABLE ARTILLERY COMPANY. THE Lord Mayor, the Aldermen, the Recorder, and the Sheriffs of London are Honorary Members of the Court of Assistants (the governing body) of the Honourable Artillery Company of the City of London, under the thirteenth rule of the Company, but without a vote. This is an ancient Company, and so far back as the Reign of Queen Elizabeth they were the Trainers of the Trained Bands of London. One of its first places of exercise was in Artillery lane, Bishopsgate street ; subsequently it removed to Finsbury in 1614, and to the present ground in 1658 ; holding that ground and some property surrounding, by feoffees or trustees, under lease from the Corporation of London. The Company for some time ceased to exercise ; but was revived in 1610 ; and in 1612 an Order in council was made by His Majesty King James the First, for the exercising of the Company in arms, in the Artillery ground, by direction of such officers as it should make choice of. The Company is a voluntary association to aid the civil magistracy of the Metropolis in preserving and maintaining its general tranquillity. 1 It forms 1. The Company claim and have exercised the privilege of furnishing a guard of honour whenever Royalty visit the City. Honourable Artillery Company. 167 its own rules for its government, and defrays its own expenses of clothing, and armoury, but it can only exercise under Warrants granted by the Crown, similar to the one granted by James the TF.K.III. p irst King William the Third (May 22nd, 1689) followed that example, and granted a similar Warrant, with power also to hold Courts for the annual choice of officers, according to their ancient rule and practice. Similar Warrants were also issued in the reigns of Queen Anne, King George the First, King George the Third, and Queen Victoria ; under which Warrants the Company trained themselves, and, on all necessary or state occasions, have promptly attended the summons of the Lord Mayor, and effectively assisted the Civic Authorities in restoring and preserving the public peace ; frequently receiving the thanks of the Corporation, of successive Lord Mayors, and of Secretaries of State. Of late years changes have been made in the Warrants granted to the Company. 2 2. Upon a question arising respecting the Company, it applied to the Court of Aldermen. Rep. farncomb, Feb., 1850. 168 The Bourse. 1565. 7 Elizabeth. 1566. 1566. Royal Exchange. CHAPTEE LVIIL THE BOURSE. IN January, 1565, Sir Thomas Gresham proposed to the Court of Aldermen to build a Bourse for the merchants, if the City would at their charges provide a fit place for it. Ground belonging to the Merchant Taylors' Company, between Lombard Street and Cornhill, was first proposed for this purpose ; subsequently a site belonging to the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury, on the north side of Cornhill, was agreed upon. And the next year (1566) Sir Thomas Gresham undertook to assure to the City one moiety of the Bourse, and the other moiety to the Mercers' Company. The same year Sir Thomas Gresham laid the first stone of the building ; and on its being finished Queen Elizabeth went from Somerset House through Temple Bar to Sir Thomas Gresham's in Bishops- gate Street, where she dined; and from thence to the Bourse, which she named " The Royal Ex- change." 1575. 17 Elizabeth. Will. THE ROYAL EXCHANGE AND GRESHAM COLLEGE. Sir Thomas Gresham, by his will dated the 5th July, 1575, the 17th of Elizabeth, devised one moiety of the Royal Exchange to the Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens of London and the other The Royal Exchange and Gresliam College. 169 moiety to the Wardens and Commonalty of the city of Mystery of Mercers : for the City of London to dis- tribute annually to four persons, to lecture in Divinity, Astronomy, Music, and Geometry, 200Z. : 50/. to each; and 53Z. 6s. 8d. to eight almsfolk, to be appointed by the Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens to inhabit in his eight almshouses; 6/. 135. d. to each person annually: and also 501. for the poor prisoners in Newgate and Ludgate, the King's Bench, the Marshalsea, and Wood Street Compter; 10/. to each of those prisons. And for Mercers' the Company of Mercers to distribute annually to Company. .. . three persons, to lecture in Law, Physic, and Rhetoric, 150/. ; 50/. to each : and provide four dinners in the year: and distribute to the poor in the Hospitals of Christ Church, St. Bartholomew, Bethlem, Southwark, and the Poultry Compter, 50/. ; to each Hospital or prison, 10/. He also devised his mansion house to the Mayor, Commonalty, and Citizens, and the Mercers' Com- pany, to hold in common, for the habitation of the seven lecturers. This Exchange was burnt down in the great fire in 1666 ; and was by the Joint Gresham Committee, composed of Members of the Corporation of London and Members of the Mercers' Company, rebuilt on a plan submitted to His Majesty King Charles the 1667< Second, in 1667, and completed in the mayoralty 1669 - of Sir William Turner, in 1669. 1768. 8 Geo. Ill, Cap. 32. Gresham College. 183S. 1844. 1847. Gresham Committee. 170 The Royal Exchange and Gresham College. In 1768 (8th of Geo. III.) an Agreement having been made for the Commissioners of Excise to pur- chase the Mansion House so devised by Sir Thomas Gresham, and then called " Gresham College," an Act of Parliament was passed to carry out that Agreement, and to make certain regulations for the future as to the lecturers and the almsmen. On the 10th of January, 1838, the Royal Ex- change was again burnt down. The Corporation of London and the Mercers' Company again united for the purpose of its re-building, which was carried out under the directions of the Joint Gresham Com- mittee in the year 1844 : and on the 28th of October in that year the new building was opened by Her Majesty Queen Victoria, and named " The Royal Exchange." The Joint Committee appointed for the above purpose ceased in the year 1847, and the business of the Gresham Trust is now transacted by the Gresham Committee, composed of the Lord Mayor and an equal number of Members of the Corporation and of the Court of Assistants of the Mercers' Company, the Lord Mayor being the Chairman. The City Side consists of the Lord Mayor, three Aldermen, and nine Commoners. The Mercers' Side, of the Master, two Wardens, and nine Members of the Court of Assistants. Emanuel Hospital. 171 CHAPTER LIX. EMANUEL HOSPITAL. IN 1843 a full Report was presented to the Court of Aldermen, for extending the objects of the charity, with statutes, ordinances, and laws for its future government and management; which was reconsidered in the following year, and approved of by the Court, and printed, with a copy of Lady Dacre's will the charter of incorporation of Queen Elizabeth the original statutes made by the executors the statutes of 1682 extracts from the repertories relative to the hospital the Act of Parliament of the 35th Geo. III., and an account of the manor of Brandesburton, with plans. By a scheme of the Endowed Schools Commis- sioners, approved by Her late Majesty Queen Victoria in Council, 26th June, 1873, the Cor- poration of the Poor of Emanuel Hospital, in or near Westminster, in the County of Middle- sex, was dissolved. The educational portion of the foundation was separated from the amis- house branch, the latter continuing under the administration of the Lord Mayor and Alder- men of the City of London, who, by an order of the Charity Commissioners of the 3rd August, 1877, were constituted a Corporate Body with a common seal under the name or title of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London, Governors of 172 Enianuel Hospital. Emanuel Hospital, registered; and the former, which has been united to the three following Westminster foundations, viz. : St. Margaret's Hospital, Palmer's Charity, and Emery Hill's Charity, being placed under the control of a governing body, called the Governors of the United Westminster Schools. Under the Scheme of 1873 this governing body consisted of twenty-one persons t\vo of whom, viz., the Lord Mayor and the Recorder of London were ex officio Governors, nine were nominated by the Lord Mayor and Alder- men of the City of London, and ten by the members of the late School Board for London, elected by the division of Westminster. 1 2 As regards the Almshouse Branch, the residences and site at Westminster have since been disposed of, and a scheme settled by the Chancery Division of the High Court of Justice in 1894, whereby all recipients of the charity are constituted out-pen- sioners. They number at present sixty (thirty 1. In the event of a Governor becoming bankrupt, incapacitated to act. retiring, or omitting for the space of one year to attend any meeting, he ceases to be a Governor. The Chairman of the Governors is annually elected at the first meeting of each year. Five Governors constitute a quorum. Any two Governors may at any time summon a special meeting for any cause that seems to them sufficient. 2. A subsequent Scheme approved by Her late Majesty Queen Victoria. in Council, on the 14th July, 1899, modified this Scheme as regards the United Westminster Schools, increasing the total number of Governors to twenty -six, and reducing the number of Governors nominated by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London to six. Qualifications of Candidates Members of the Church of England, resident in Westminster. Chelsea, or Hayes, Middlesex, for two years immediately preceding election. .Age at least 56 years. Not possessed of income exceeding 15 a year. Election by Governors at their meetings, one month's previous public notice having been given. Morden College, 173 'S men and thirty women), and the allowance made to each is 25/. per annum, payable monthly. By the first-named scheme two-thirds of the pro- perty and income of Emanuel Hospital were appor- tioned to the United Westminster Schools, the remaining one-third continuing to be devoted to the maintenance of the almshouse branch of the foundation. The Brandesburton Estate is still managed by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, as heretofore, they duly accounting to the governors of the United Westminster Schools for two-thirds proportion of the rents and proceeds thereof. CHAPTER LX. MORDEN COLLEGE. MORDEN COLLEGE, situated at Blackheath, was founded in 1797, under the will of Sir John Morden, Citizen, etc., for decayed merchants. By the Judgment of the Master of the Rolls, 16th February, 1880, the future Trustees (seven in num- ber) must be Aldermen of the City of London, so long as there are any, and upon vacancies occurring, the new Trustees are to be chosen by the surviving or remaining Trustees. The College accommodates 41 inmates, who now receive, in addition to their quarters, such a sum 174 Sir John Soane's Museum. per annum each as is fixed by the Trustees under the provisions of the Scheme. The qualifications for inmateship are as follows : Inmates of the College shall be poor men of good character, either widowers or unmarried, of the age of fifty years at the least at the time of appoint- ment, who shall have bona fide followed the calling or occupation of a merchant, or have been engaged in some wholesale trade or business of considerable extent for not less than ten years, and from mis- fortune or accident shall have become reduced in circumstances. In addition to the inmates the funds of the charity enable out-pensions in the discretion of the Trustees to be paid to a limited number of pensioners. The pensioners shall be poor men, either married or widowers or unmarried, having in all other par- ticulars the same qualifications as prescribed above for the inmates of the College, or the widows of any such persons. CHAPTER LXI. SIR JOHN SOANE'S MUSEUM, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS. Act of Parliament, 3rd William IV, c. 4, -L sec. 16, provides for the Lord Mayor and Alder- men of the City of London to elect by ballot one fit and proper person to be an additional Trustee of the Museum. The election is for a term of five years. Sir John Pkilpofs Charity. 175 CHAPTER LXII. SIR JOHN PHILPOT'S CHARITY. IN 1381 Sir John Philpot, by his Will, devised certain tenements in Cheapside, Pudding Lane, Lambeth Hill, Fish Street, Upper Thames Street, and Queenhithe, charged with certain payments; amongst which was a bequest to eight poor men and five poor women, of a penny to each a-day. The thirteen persons are nominated by the Lord Mayor and Recorder of the City of London for the time being, alternately, and the nominations submitted for approval to the City Lands Committee. The property so given having increased in value, the Corporation of the City of London added 2QL a year to each of the thirteen poor persons, making together 21. 10s. 5d. each per annum. CHAPTER LXIII. COSTYN'S CHARITY. IN 1442, John Costyn, Girdler, by his Will, gave after the death of his wife, all his lands and tenements in the City of London, which appear to have been situate in Mark Lane, Well Alley, Pickaxe Alley, and Fenchurch Street, to the Mayor 176 Costyri's Charity. and Commonalty of the City of London and their successors for ever, in perpetual sustentation of the works of the water conduits of the said City for ever; and also to observe his anniversary in the parish church of Allhallows Staining ; and also to dispose and distribute under certain conditions every year perpetually, between Allhallows eve (the 1st of November) and Easter eve, one hundred quarters of coals to poor men, householders in the said parish, if there should be so many poor men dwelling in the said parish, or else to poor men (housekeepers) in the next parish there, every week five quarters of coals, between the said evens, weekly, as long as the same should suffice. By order of the Court of Aldermen, forty bushels of coal a week were formerly delivered to the poor of Allhallows Staining, from All Saints day to Easter eve inclusive. By order of the Charity Commissioners of the 1st October, 1887, the gift is scheduled at the yearly value of 25/., and this amount, less tax, has been paid over to the City of London Parochial Charities since 1892. The Court of Common Council, on the 23rd April, 1903, decided to redeem the charge of 25/. per annum on the property known as Le Peynted Aley by the purchase of Consols to produce the said amount. Roger s's Charity. Ill CHAPTER LXIV. ROGERS'S CHARITY. IN 1616 Robert Rogers bequeathed to the Cor- poration 600. in money, for building an alms- house in the City of London for six aged couples, being freemen or freewomen of this City, and pay- ing to them 24:1. per annum; to which sum was added by his executors 30. and five marks. A sum of 300Z. was added in the year 1834 by William Robert Brown. The City built the Almshouse in Hart Street, Cripplegate, in pursuance of the bequest, which almshouse was in existence in 1633, but how long before that time it may have been built does not ap- pear. On the 13th March, 1856, the Court of Com- mon Council determined, with the sanction of the Charity Commissioners, to pull down the old alms- houses and to erect others in lieu thereof upon land belonging to the Corporation, situate at Brixton, Surrey. The ground in Hart Street was then vested in the Corporation, and has since been let on building leases. The inmates are appointed by the Court of Alder- men upon the nomination of the Lord Mayor. The present allowance to each couple is 41Z. 12s. per annum, and to each single inmate 31. 4s. per annum. They also receive two tons of coal per annum. 178 Lady Barnardistone' $ Gift. CHAPTER LXV. LADY BARNARDISTONE'S GIFT. IN 1632, Lady Catherine Barnardistone of William, Essex, gave to release poor prisoners, whose debt is not above 50Z., five pounds. It appears also, by the accounts of 1633, that 100. was paid into the Chamber by the Lady Catherine Barnardistone for preaching three sermons to the condemned prisoners in Newgate. It being the duty of the Ordinary of Newgate to perform such service, 6Z. per annum was paid by the Court of Aldermen, in relation to this particular bequest, in addition to his ordinary salary. By two schemes made by the Charity Commis- sioners dated respectively 8th February, 1889, and 10th May, 1898, the management of this Charity was vested in Trustees, and the income thereof directed to be paid to the Treasurer of the Sheriffs' Fund Society of the City of London for the purposes of that Society. Si?- Joint Lff/iff/i.fun's Chnrifi/. 179 CHAPTER LXVI. SIR JOHN LANGHAM'S CHARITY. IN 1764 Sir John Langham, Bart., of Cottesbrooke, Northampton, by his last Will, gave and be- queathed in trust " to the Lord Mayor and Alder- " men of the City of London, 6,000/. stock in New " South-Sea Annuities, towards raising a fund for " the relief of poor distressed soldiers and seamen, " and their families." Sir John Langham died in 1766, and from that period the dividends amounting to 210. per annum, have been applied, in sums of 4:1. each, to twenty- seven poor soldiers, and twenty-seven poor seamen annually. Each of the twenty-six Aldermen, and the repre- sentative of the family of the Langhams, have two orders for 4/. each annually at their disposal, making together 216/. The orders are transmitted annually to the Aldermen on or about the 12th of December; but if any order be not presented for payment before Easter in the following year, the right of nomination lapses to the Lord Mayor for the time being, who has a duplicate order furnished to him. Will. Five \ears. Interest. Trustees.' 180 Wilson's Charity. CHAPTKK LXVII. WILSON'S CHARITY. IN 1766 Mr. Samuel Wilson, of Hatton Garden, by his Will, directed his executors to pay the sum of 20,000/. to the Chamberlain of the City of London, " to be lent to men who have been set up one " year, or not more than two years, in some trade or " manufacture in the City of London, or within " three miles thereof, and who could give satis fac- " tory security for the repayment of the money so " lent to them. No more than 300/. nor less than " 100. to be lent to any one person or persons in " co-partnership ; nor for a longer term than five " years : for the first year to pay II. per cent, per " annum, and for the remainder of the time it '' should be kept 21. per annum, and no more, the " interest to be punctually carried every half-year " to the Chamberlain of the City of London." By a Scheme in Chancery, approved in 1868, certain alterations were made as regards the ad- ministration of the Charity young men being- borrowers, were defined to be under the age of 40 years they might apply up to a period of three years of their being in business, and might carry on the same within the City, or within five miles thereof. The trustees, so to apply the money, are the Lord Mayor, the two senior Aldermen, and the Recorder Wilson's Trust. 181 for the time being, jointly with the Chamberlain ; who are summoned to meet whenever there are applications for loans or there is other business to be transacted. CHAPTER LXV1II. ALDERMAN AND COLONEL SAMUEL WILSON'S TRUST. /COLONEL SAMUEL WILSON, Alderman of \J the Ward of Castle Baynard, by a Deed of Trust dated the 20th July, 1865, gave a sum of 4,000/. invested for the purposes mentioned therein, and appointed as Trustees of the will the two senior Aldermen, the Chamberlain, and the Recorder or Common Serjeant. The Trusts out of the income are : 1. The presentation of certain rings to the Trustees and to the Aldermen at the date of the donor's death. 2. To set aside 100. to accumulate not beyond 200/., for a ring for the Alderman of the Ward of Castle Baynard, to be presented on the day he is sworn Lord Mayor. 3. A dinner to the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Trustees. o 2 182 Wilson's Trust. . . A dinner to certain Officers. 5. Balance of each year's income to be divided into sums of 10. 10s., and paid to such charities connected with the City of London and Middlesex as may be nominated by the Trustees, any re- maining sum of 101. 10-v. to be given to the Castle Baynard Ward Schools, and any further surplus to be applied for charitable purposes. The Trusts to be suspended if the income at any time be below 200Z. INDEX. Addresses to the Sovereign PAGE The rights and privileges of the Corporation ... ... 114 Remembrancer to wait on Secretary of State to know when the Sovereign will receive Sheriffs ... ... ... 114 Reception of Sheriffs by the Sovereign ; dress worn on pre- sentation of ... ... ... ... ... 115 Order and route of Procession and Ceremony observed at the Palace on presentation of... ... ... 115-117 Movers and Seconders of, and the two Senior Aldermen presented ... ... ... ... ... 117 Duties of City Marshal and Hallkeeper on presentation of... 117 When presented at Windsor, Hallkeeper to make arrange- ments ... ... ... ... ...117 Addresses to the Sovereigns of Foreign States Motions for presentation of; how moved ... ... 118 Sovereigns received at entrance to Guildhall ... ... 118 Address read by Recorder; mover and seconder of, the two Senior Aldermen present and the Sheriffs presented ... 118 Honours bestowed in connection with ... ... ... 119 Court held in Library; seating at and at banquet ... 119 Addresses- Presented in lieu of Freedoms where distinguished persons are already Freemen Movers, Seconders, &c., of, presented Aldermen Their positions in services at St. Paul's ... ... 1-2 Any who have passed the Chair may act as locum teiiens for the Lord Mayor ... ... ... 3,] 12 Summons sent to, seven days before election of Lord Mayor ... 5 Dress to be worn ... ... ... ... 5 To receive Lord Mayor in Aldermen's room on his arrival at Guildhall ... ... ... ... ... 6 The Aldermen eligible for the Chair to appear in full dress on the election of Lord Mayor ... ... ... 6 From those below the Chair, who have served office of Sheriff, two are returned to Court of Aldermen ... ... 9 Dress to be worn on presentation of Lord Mayor Elect ... 17 Breakfast at Mansion House on day of admission of Lord Mayor Elect ; dress to be worn ... ... 19-20 184 Index. Aldermen continued. TAOE Two who have passed the Chair introduce Lord Mayor Elect on day of admission ... ... ... ... 20 Incoming Lord Mayor congratulated by ... ... 22 Dress to be worn by, on Lord Mayor's Day ... ... 25 Privileges of the Aldermen at the dinner ... ... 31 Meet the other Commissioners of the Central Criminal Court on the first day of Michaelmas sittings, to fix Sessions for ensuing Mayoralty ... ... ... ... 37 On the first day in each Session of the Central Criminal Court, and red-letter days, wear scarlet robes ... ... 38 With Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, arc Judges of the Courts of Husting ... ... ... ... ... 39 If Lord Mayor or one of the Sheriffs be absent from the Court of Husting there must be present six Aldermen ... ... 39 Dress worn by, at London Sessions ... ... ... 41 at Southwark Sessions ... ... 42 on St. Thomas's day ... ... 46 at Grand Court of Wardmote, on Plow Monday ... ... ... ... 53 at Court or Sessions held during Christmas holidays ... ... ... ... 55 at Easter Spital Sermon ... ... 58 Wardmotes holden by, on St. Thomas's day, or by the Lord Mayor in the absence of any ; proceedings thereat 43 et seq. Title of Right Worshipful or Worshipful used by ... 48 On St. Thomas's day, Deputies and Ward Clerks appointed by ... ... ... ... ... 49-50 Dress worn by, at first and second State dinners ; servants of, if in livery, attend on... ... ... 55-56 Four coach orders for Easter banquet sent to each, by Remembrancer ; order at Easter entertainment to be ob- served by ; dress worn by ; servants of, if in livery, attend on ; regulations and ceremony ... 61-62 Seats of, at Banquets and Entertainments ... ... 62 Dinner at Mansion House to meet Judges ; these to be worn; and at dinner to Archbishops and Bishops ... 63 Are Governors of Queen Anne's Bounty ... ... 69 Go to St. Paul's on festival of Sons of the Clergy ; seats for, at the dinner at Merchant-Taylors' Hall; dress to be worn 70-71 The like on Hospital Sunday ... ... ... 72 Those attending at St. Paul's on Festival of Sons of the Clergy invited to dinner at Lambeth Palace; dress to be worn ... ... ... ... ... 72 Anciently elected yearly ... ... ... ... 73 Privileges and exemptions of ... ... ... 73 Index. 185 Aldermen cmttinui-d. v\c.v. On the death or resignation of, the Lord Mayor signs and issues his Precept for a Wardmote to elect a successor ; Lord Mayor attends the Wardmote in full state ; instances in which the person elected has been refused by the Court of Aldermen ... ... ... ... 73-74 Fine on Aldermen elected but refusing to take office ... 74 Proceedings of the Court upon the Alderman Elect attending to be sworn into office; dress to be worn ... 74-75 Dinner given to, on election of an Alderman ... ... 75 Costume required by, described ... ... 75-76 Rotas of their Attendencies, if absent to provide sub- stitutes ... ... ... ... 76-77 Leave of absence granted to. on occasions of unavoidable absence 77 Rotas for attendance of, at Sessions of Central Criminal Court, and at Quarter Sessions, Southwark Sessions, &c. 77 Monthly Rota of, to " keep the Court," inserted on summons for Common Council ... ... ... ... 77 Not liable to serve Office of Sheriff for twelve months after their election ... ... ... ... ... 81 Dress to be worn by. on Midsummer day (election of Sheriffs) 84 To be put in nomination for Sheriffs before any Commoner, and when elected become the Senior Sheriffs ... ... 86 Summoned on day of admission of Sheriffs Elect ; dress to be worn ... ... ... ... ... 90 Invited to breakfast with the Sheriffs ... ... 91 Attend at St. Paul's on first Sunday in Trinity Law Sit- tings ; dress to be worn; Ceremony observed 104-107 Summoned to Christ Church, Newgate Street, on St. Matthew's day ; dress to be worn ; Ceremony observed ... ... ... ... 109-111 Dress to be worn on presentation of Addresses and Ceremony on the occasion ... ... ... 115-119 Honours conferred on ... ... ... 119, 148 On demise of the Crown are summoned to attend Meeting of the Lords of the Privy Council ; and Proclamation declaring Successor to the Throne signed by ... ... 120-122 Attend on Proclamations of Accession and Coronation of Sovereign; dress to be worn ... ... 123-126 Lord Mayor and three Aldermen to present petitions to the House of Commons in the absence of the Sheriffs ... 138 Place of, when attending Charity Sermons ... ... 140 Attend at St. Paul's on public fasts and thanksgivings; dress to be worn ... ... ... ... 141 Ex-officio Commissioners of Lieutenancy ... ... 157 With their Deputies assess their respective Wards to Militia Rate .. 159 186 Aldermen i-ntinnnl. I-AOE On Court of Assistants of Artillery Company ... ... 166 Are Governors of Emanuel Hospital (see Emanuel Hospital) 171 Are Trustees of Morden College ... ... ... 173 Have orders for grants to distressed soldiers and seamen under the bequest of Sir John Langham ... ... 17<J (And see "Coronations," "Juries," "Visiting Magis- trates. ") Aldermen, Court of Summoned and presided over by the Lord Mayor or his locum t.enens ... ... ... ... ... 3 Precept ordered by, for the election of Lord Mayor in Common Hall ... ... ... ... ... 4 Court of the Outer Chamber held to receive the names of the two Aldermen returned by the Livery, and to choose one of them ; Ceremony to be observed on the occasion ... ... ... ... ... 6 The like, on admission of Lord Mayor Elect ... ... '20 Seats in, occupied by seniority ... ... ... 32 At First Court of, Lord Mayor. Aldermen, and Sheriffs come from Mansion House in full State ; dress to be worn ; the Lord Mayor addresses the If one is held in Christmas holidays scarlet gowns to be worn Sheriffs Elect may be discharged by ... To make necessary Orders as to proclamation on accession of the Sovereign, Coronation, &c.. and attend with the Lord Mayor, &c., on the occasions; dress to be worn 123-125 Petitions to House of Commons from, to be presented by Sheriffs, or in their absence, by the Lord Mayor and three Aldermen ... ... ... ... 138 Ale-conners Elected by the Livery on Midsummer day ... ... 86 Artillery Company, The Honourable- Claim to march through the City with bayonets fixed and colours Hying ... ... ... ... ... 155 Furnish Guard of Honour whenever Royalty visit the City... 166 Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Sheriffs are Honorary Members of the Court of Assistants ; rule relative to General Courts ... ... 166-167 Particulars as to the Company ... ... 166-167 Attorney, Warrant of By Mayor. Commonalty, and Citizens recorded in High Court of Justice; Form of ... ... ... ..27 Auditors Elected by the Livery on Midsummer day ... .66 Index. 187 Bank of England L-AGK Directors of. on Commission of Lieutenancy ... ... 157 Barnardistone's (Lady) Gift- Particulars of ... ... .. ... ... 178 Beadles None excepting Lord Mayor's, admitted into Guildhall on Lord Mayor's day ... ... ... ... 31 Summonses to householders to Wardmotes issued by, and duties thereat ... ... ... ... ...47-8 On St. Thomas's day Wards choose ; sworn on Plow Monday 50 Attend at St. Paul's on first Sunday in Trinity Law Sittings ... 10G Bishops, The Invited to Easter Banquet ... ... ... ... 61 Bourse (See "Royal Exchange.'') Brandesburton Estates (See " Emanuel Hospital.") Bridge=Masters Elected by the Livery on Midsummer day ... SB Declaration of office ... ... ... ... cS7 Buffs, The (3rd Regiment) (See " Troops.") Canterbury, Archbishop of Bishop to preach Spital Sermon nominated by ... ... ">S Invited to Easter Banquet ... ... ... ... 61 Is Chairman of Governors of Queen Anne's Bounty ... 70 Attends service at St. Paul's on Festival of Sons of the Clergy ... 71 Dinner given by, in connection therewith ... ... 72 Is a Trustee of the fabric of St. Paul's ... ... 107 Central Criminal Court- Lord Mayor is First Commissioner, and takes precedence of all others Who are Commissioners of ... Lord Mayor goes in full State to open first Court ; scarlet robes worn Lord Mayor attends at the opening of each Session Lord Mayor receives Judges on the first day of their attend- ance ... ... ... ... ... 37 Lord Mayor presides in Court, and, in his absence, the Senior Alderman , 37 188 Index. Central Criminal Court continued. PAGE Commissioners meet at, on 24th October, to fix days of Sessions ... ... ... ... ... '67 One of the Sheriffs conducts the Judge from Royal Courts of Justice to, on the first day of his attendance at each Session ... ... ... ... ... 37 Former practice as regards dinners, and ancient form of grace ... ... ... ... ...37-8 Expenses of luncheons, &c., borne by Lord Mayor and Sheriffs ... ... ... ... ... 38 Rotas for the attendance of the Aldermen at, prepared by Town Clerk ... ... ... ... 76-77 Chains- Worn by Sheriffs ... ... ... ... 84 Described : should not assume the character of a Collar ... 1)5 Chamberlain Holds the City Purse for the Lord Mayor ... ... 3 Ceremony observed by, on day of admission of Lord Mayor Elect One of the three Keys of City Seal to be kept by Ceremony observed by, on presentation of the freedom to distinguished persons ... ... ... ... 35 Four coach orders for Easter banquet sent to ... ... 61 Venison warrants sent to ... ... ... ... 67 Elected by the Livery on Midsummer day ; makes Declara- tion at the next or subsequent Court of Aldermen 86-87 To attend at St. Paul's on first Sunday in Trinity Sittings ... 106 Is a Commissioner of Lieutenancy, by virtue of his office ... 157 Chamberlain's Chief Clerk- Ceremony observed by, on the day of admission of Lord Mayor Elect ... ... ... ... ... 22 Chaplain, The Lord Mayor's Preaches sermon at St. Lawrence Jewry on Michaelmas day prior to election of Lord Mayor ... ... ... 7 Presented at first Levee ... ... ... ... 56 Occupies seat with the Bishop, who preaches Spital Sermon ... 60 Attends at St. Paul's on the first Sunday in Trinity Law Sittings ... ... ... ... 105-106 Chaplains, The Sheriffs' Attend the Sheriffs on their admission ... ... ... 91 Charity Sermons- Dress of Lord Mayor and Sheriffs on occasion of attending ; order of procession ; Ceremony observed at the Church 139-140 Index. 189 Christ's Hospital PACK Boys of, attend at the Mansion House on Saint Matthew's day ... ... 59,111 Lists of Governors of Royal Hospitals presented to Lord Mayor on St. Matthew's day by Clerk of ... ... Ill Christmas Holidays- Dress to be worn during ... ... ... ... 55 City Marshal (See "Marshal, City.") City Mace (See "Mace, The City.") City of London Ballot Act ... ... ... ... 49 City of London Court- Judges of, to attend at St. Paul's on first Sunday in Trinity Law Sittings, to meet Judges, &c. ... ... ... 106 City of London Schools- Prizes distributed in July ; Lord Mayor presides ; Cere- mony thereat ... ... ... 108-109 City Plate (See <; Comptroller.") City Purse- Held by the Lord Mayor, by the hand of the Chamberlain 3 Surrendered to incoming Lord Mayor on his admission ... 21 City Seal- Key to be delivered up to incoming Lord Mayor on day of admission ; Chamberlain and Comptroller have each a key of 23 City Solicitor To take proceedings in respect of fines incurred by a Sheriff Elect refusing to serve ... ... ... ... 82 Duties performed by, on approval of Sheriffs ... 88-89 To attend at St. Paul's on first Sunday in Trinity Sittings ... 106 (And see "Coronations," "Mayor's Court.") City Swords (See " Swords.") City Trumpeters Attend processions On Michaelmas Day ... ... ... ... 6 On admission of Lord Mayor Elect ... ... ... 20 On Lord Mayor's Day ... ... ... 28,30 On day of Spital Sermon ... ... ... ... 59 On proclaiming Sovereign ... ... 123-124 On Thanksgivings ... ... ... ... 142 Claims, Court of (See "Coronations.") 190 Index. Clerk of the Peace PAGE (See " Peace, Clerk of the.") Clerk of the H listing (.See " Husting.") Coach Orders For Aldermen on Lord Mayor's Day ... ... ... 31 The like at Easter Banquet ... ... ... ... 61 Collar of SS. Worn by Lord Mayor, 2, 25, 28, 32, 33, 3D, 56, 63, 84, 113, 115, 127, 133 Description of ... ... ... ... ... 95 Worn by Chief Justice ... ... ... ... 95 Common Council, Court of Summoned and presided over by the Lord Mayor or his locum tenens ... ... ... -.. ... 3 Lord Mayor and Sheriffs come in State to first ; dress to be worn ; all members to appear in their gowns ; Lord Mayor addresses the Court at its opening ... ... 33 Summons for. to be first submitted to Lord Mayor ... 33 Seats of Aldermen. Sheriffs, and Members of Common Council in .. ... ... ... ... 33 Full style, title, and constitution of ... ... ... 33 Ceremony observed in, on presentation of the freedom to any distinguished person ... ... ... ... 34-5 Dinner to, after first Court ... ... ... 55 Monthly Rota of Aldermen expected to "keep the Court" 77 May discharge Sheriffs Elect from serving office ... ... 82 Members to be summoned to attend sermons preached at St. Paul's and St. Lawrence Jewry ... ... ... 105 Proceedings on presentation of Address to the Sovereign by 114-117 The like on presentation of Addresses to Sovereigns of Foreign States by 118-119 Common Councilmen Elected on St. Thomas's day ; qualification of ; proceedings when poll is demanded ... ... ... 43,48-49 Returns of, and any petitions against, received on Plow Monday ... ... ... ... ... 53 Election of a Common Councilman during the year; pro- ceedings thereon ... ... ... ... 52 Summoned to attend the Spital Sermon ... ... 60 Summoned to St. Paul's Cathedral on first Sunday in Trinity Sittings ... ... ... ... 105 Summon to Fast and Thanksgiving Services at St. Paul's ... 141 (And see " Juries.") Index. 191 Common Cryer PAGE Xc.te as to duties of ... ... ... ... 7 Duties of, on day of election of Lord Mayor ... ... 8-14 Gives notice to Lord Mayor Elect to signify his consent in writing to take office ... ... ... ... 15 Attends Lord Mayor Elect on presentation to the Lord Chancellor ... ... ... ... ... 17 Ceremony on day of admission of Lord Mayor Elect 21-22 At Law Courts on presentation of Lord Mayor ... ... 26 The like at Receptions by the Lord Mayor, &c. ... 2t) At Courts of Husting ... ... ... ... 40 Summons and conducts Alderman Elect to Court of Aldermen 74 At Common Halls on election of Sheriffs, &c. ... 85-87 Gives notice to Sheriffs Elect to attend Court of Aldermen to give Bond ... ... ... ... 87 Ceremony on admission of Sheriffs Elect on 28th September 91 Attends at St. Paul's on the first Sunday in Trinity Law Sittings ... ... ... ... 105-106 Common Hall- Summoned and presided over by the Lord Mayor or his locum tenens ... ... ... ... ... 3 How constituted and its functions ... ... ... 3 Form of summons to Aldermen. Sheriffs, and Officers to ... 5 Proceedings to be observed in. on election of Lord Mayor. ..7-14 If poll demanded ... ... ... ... ... 10 Proceedings in, on election of Sheriffs, &c. ... 85-87 Common Pleas (See " Husting, Courts of.") Common Serjeant Acts for the Recorder in his absence at elections and pre- sentation of Lord Mayor, Sheriffs. &c. ... 8, 26. 80 Duties at elections of Lord Mayor. Sheriffs. &c. ... 8-13. 8G Invited to dine by the Home Secretary on the Sovereign's birthday; dress to be worn ... ... ... 63 Venison warrants sent to ... ... ... ... 67 To attend at St. Paul's on first Sunday in Trinity Law Sittings, to meet Judges. &c. ... ... ... 106 Is a Commissioner of Lieutenancy of the City of London by virtue of his office ... ... ... ... 157 (And see " Coronations.") Commons, House of (See " House of Commons.'') Comptroller One of the three Keys of the City Seal to be kept by ... 23 Present Indentures for City plate and Agreement for pay- ment to the Lord Mayor for his signature ,.. ... 23 192 Index. Comptroller continued. To attend at St. Paul's on first Sunday in Trinity Law Sittings, to meet Judges, &c. ... ... ... 106 Constables (See "Special Constables," "Ward Constables.") Coronations The Sceptre or Crystal Mace carried by the Lord Mayor before the Sovereign at ... ... 2,126,127,131,133 Rights and Privileges of the Lord Mayor and Citizens at 126, 128 Claims to be prepared by the Remembrancer in consultation with the Recorder and Common Serjeant ... ... 126 Duties of Officers in connection with ... ... ... 126 Remembrancer to apply that places may be reserved for Lord Mayor, &c., in Westminster Abbey, at; also that the Lord Mayor and twelve citizens may serve the King with wine at banquet in Westminster Hall ... ... 126 At that of George IV Lord Mayor claimed to be attended by his four esquires, and it was allowed ... ... 126 Dress to be worn by Lord Mayor, Aldermen, &c., at ... 127 The Lord Mayor's place in procession and at Coronation service ... ... ... ... 127-128 Reference to those of Kings James II and George IV 126, 128 Seats in the Abbey provided for the Lady Mayoress and the Seats in the Abbey for the Lady Mayoress, the Aldermen, Recorder, and the Sheriffs, to be applied for by Remem- brancer to the Earl Marshal ... ... ... 126 At the Coronation of King Edward VII Proclamation governing arrangements ... ... ... ... 129 Recorder appeared before the Court of Claims in support of the Claim of the Lord Mayor to attend the Coronation and bear the Crystal Sceptre or Mace, and the Court decided in favour thereof ... ... ... ... ... 131 Postponement of the Coronation, and copy of ceremonial from the London Gazette for the day appointed ... 132 For reasons stated, the privileges of the Mayor, Aldermen, and other Citizens, elected by the Common Council to wait upon the Chief Butler of England, to serve in the Butlery at the Banquet in Westminster Hall, did not arise before the Court of Claims ... ... ... ... 132 Reference to printed Reports on the subject of, and of festivities in connection therewith ... ... ... 135 Distinctions conferred on the Lord Mayor, Sheriffs, &c., on the occasion of Coronation of King Edward VII ... 135 Costyn's Charity- Particulars of ... 175-176 Index. 193 Court Mourning PAGE Dress on occasion of ... ... ... ... 123 Courts (See "Levees.") Crown, Demise of the (See " Sovereign, Demise of the.") Crystal Mace (See " Sceptre.") Dacre, Lady (See " Emanuel Hospital.") Deeds- (See " Wills and Deeds.") Deputies On St. Thomas's day, Aldermen appoint their (see also "St. Thomas's day") ... ... ... ... 49 On vacancy in office of Alderman, that of his Deputy ceases 50 May hold Wardmotes in absence of Aldermen, except on St. Thomas's day ... ... ... ... ... 52 Letter sent to, by Secondary, to return list of Jurors in their Wards; return to be made in December ... 96, 104 In Commission of Lieutenancy by virtue of their Office ... 157 With Aldermen assess their respective Wards to Militia Rate 159 Dinners One given on day of election of Lord Mayor ... ..14 One given by Lord Mayor Elect, at the hall of his Company, on the day of his presentation to the Lord Chancellor ... 18 One on Lord Mayor's Day, particulars as to ... 28-31 To his Lordship's Household. &c., on Plow Monday ... 54 One given on the evening of the first Court of Aldermen after Plow Monday ... ... ... ... ... 55 The like of the first Court of Common Council ... ... 55 To His Majesty's Ministers ... ... ... ... 56 To His Majesty's Judges, &c. ... ... ... 63 To the Archbishops and Bishops ... ... ... 63 To the Fruiterers' Company ... ... ... 64 One given by Lord Mayor on day of swearing an Alderman... 75 (See also " Easter Banquet.") Easter Banquet- Guests invited ; ceremony at ; dress to be worn ; privileges of Aldermen and Officers ; company introduced as on Lord Mayor's day ... ... ... ... 61-62 Easter Spital Sermon- Day on which preached ... ... ... ... 58 Dress to be worn ... ... ... ... 58 Order of procession to Church, and arrango:nents in ... 59 Order to be observed on returning to Mansion House ... 00 194 Index. Election of an Alderman (See " Aldermen.") Election of a Common Councilman (.See " Common Councilmen.") Election of Lord Mayor, Sheriffs, &c. (See " Mayor," " Sheriffs.") Election of Members of Parliament (See "Guildhall.") Emanuel Hospital Particulars of Will of Lady Dacre ... ... ... 171 Charter, when granted ; Lord Mayor and Aldermen Gover- nors of ... ... ... ... .. 171 New scheme, 1873, dividing the property and income between the Lord Mayor and Aldermen as Governors of the Alms- house Branch of the Foundation, and the United West- minster Schools ... ... ... 171-172 Brandesburton Estate ... ... ... ... 173 Entree Entrance (See "Levees and Courts.") Exchequer Weights and Measures Keys of, to be delivered tip to incoming Lord Mayor on clay of admission .. ... ... ... ... 23 Faggots- After Proclamation, for suit and service, City Solicitor cuts one with a hatchet and another with a billhook ... 89 Fast Days- Public, Lord Mayor, &c., attend St. Paul's on; dress worn 141 Guildhall closed on, by order of Lord Mayor ... ... 145 First Fruits and Tenths (See " Queen Anne's Bounty.") Forge, The Proclamation to tenants of, to do suit and service ... 89 Freedom Presentation of ; dress to be worn oh day of ; particulars relative to ... ... ... ... ... 34-5 (And see "Addresses.") Freemen's Orphan School- Distribution of Prizes, Lord Mayor presides ... ... 109 Fruiterers' Company- Presentation of Fruit annually to Lord Mayor ; the Court and Officers of the Company entertained at the Mansion House . 64 Index. 195 danger 1>AOK Deputation for City, to be presented to Lord Mayor on day of admission ... ... ... ... ... 22 Grand Court of Wardniote (See ' Plow Monday.''^ Qresham, Sir Thomas Particulars of Will of, as regards the Royal Exchange and Gresham College ... ... ... 168-169 Trusts, now executed by Gresham Committee ... ... 170 (And see "Royal Exchange.") Guildhall On Lord Mayor's day, breakfast provided at ... ... 25 Ceremony to be observed on procession, on Lord Mayor's day, leaving Guildhall and returning from High Courts of Justice ... ... ... ... 25-31 Courts of Husting held at ... ... ... ... 39 Also Quarterly and General Sessions ... ... ... -11 Gallery on north side of, reserved at public functions for the Lady Mayoress, the Aldermen, and Sheriffs' Ladies 28, 91, 146 Keeper of, receives and obeys instructions from Lord Mayor, relative to opening and closing of ... ... ... 145 Use of, granted by Lord Mayor for meetings on subjects of public interest when his Lordship presides ; for all other purposes by the Common Council only ... ... 146 Poll for the election of Members of Parliament for the City of London taken at, and use of Committee-rooms granted to Candidates ... ... ... ... ... 146 Hallkeeper (See "Addresses," "Guildhall," and "St. Paul's Cathedral.") Hellenes, King of Ceremony observed at presentation of an Address to ; Honours bestowed by ; Proceedings thereat ... 118-119 High Bailiff of South wark Attends Southwark Sessions ... ... ... 42 Dress to be worn by, and his Officers ... ... 42 Home Secretary- Presents the Sheriffs at the first Levee ... ... 56 Lord Mayor, &c., invited to dine with, on Sovereign's birth- day; dress to be worn ... ... ... ... 63 Writes to the Lord Mayor for sanction for troops to march through the City ... ... ... ... 155 (And see "Addresses," "Peace, Preservation of the," " Sovereign, Demise of the.") 196 Index. Holborn Bars PAGE Reception of the Sovereign at, on passing through the City ... 147 Honourable Artillery Company (See "Artillery Company.") Horse Shoes and Nails After proclamation for Suit and Service City Solicitor counts 89 Hospital Sunday- Lord Mayor and Sheriffs attend in State, Morning Service in St. Paul's Cathedral, and Afternoon Service in Westminster Abbey ... ... ... ... 72-73 Hospitals (See "Royal Hospitals.") Hospital Seal- Key of, to be delivered up to incoming Lord Mayor on day of admission ... ... ... ... ... 23 House of Commons- Ceremony observed at, on presenting petitions by Sheriffs 138-139 Household- Dinner to (see " Plow Monday.") Huntings (See " Venison Warrants.") Husting Courts of. origin and business ... ... ... 39 Held on raised part of Guildhall when business requires ... 39 Lord Mayor to wear collar of SS, and Sheriffs their gowns and chains at Courts of ... ... ... ... 39 Proper Officers and the Attorney of the Mayor's Court attend 39 Proceedings of the Court ... ... ... ... 40 Judges Attend at St. Paul's on first Sunday in Trinity Law Sittings 2, 104 Lord Mayor presented to, on 9th November ; ceremony observed ... ... ... ... 24-27 Invited by Recorder to dine at Guildhall on Lord Mayor's Day ... ... ... ... ... ... 27 Attendance of, at Central Criminal Court ... ...36-8 Invited to Easter Banquet ... ... ... ..61 Dinner to; dress to be worn ... ... ... 63 Juries- Aldermen exempted serving on ... ... ... 73 Deputies to return to Secondary list of persons qualified to serve, and exempt from serving, on and course to be taken ... ... ... ... 96 et seq. Index. 197 Justice, High Court of PAGE Ceremony at, on presentation of Lord Mayor ... 24-27 Keys Of book-cases delivered to Swordbearer by Lord Mayor on day of admission of Lord Mayor Elect ... ... 20 Of City seal, of Hospital seal, and of Exchequer weights and measures delivered up to incoming Lord Mayor on day of admission King, The (See "Sovereign.") King's Remembrancer Duties on presentation of Lord Mayor at High Court of Justice ... .. ... ... ... 27 The like on approval of the choice of Sheriffs ... 88-S9 Lady Mayoress Position assigned to, in services at St. Paul's Cathe- dral ... ... ... ... ... 1, 143 Joins procession on Lord Mayor's Day on its return from High Court of Justice ... ... ... ... 28 Presented at first Court ... ... ... ... 57 Attends service at St. Paul's on Festival of the Sons of the Clergy ... ... ... ... ... 70 Gallery on North Side of Guildhall appropriated to her use and that of the Ladies of the Aldermen, &c., on Public Ceremonials ... ... ... ... 28,91,146 Her position, &c., on presentation of Addresses to Sovereigns of Foreign States ... ... ... 118-119 (And see " Coronations.") Lambeth Palace Dinner at (see " Sons of the Clergy.") Accounts of St. Paul's Cathedral audited at ... ... 108 Langham's, Sir John, Charity- Particulars of, for relief of poor distressed soldiers and seamen ... ... ... ... ... 179 Levees and Courts- Lord Mayor and Sheriffs usually attend first Levee and Court 56 Lord Mayor presented at Levee, by Premier ... ... 56 Sheriffs presented by Home Secretary ... ... ... 56 Dress to be worn ... ... ... ... 56 Lady Mayoress and any of his Lordship's family, and Sheriffs' ladies, presented at first Court ... ... ... 56 Lord Mayor presents his Chaplain ... ... ... 56 Order and route of procession to; entree entrance ... 57 Correspondence in Mayoralty cf Alderman Wilson thereon 57 ? 2 198 Index. Lieutenancy of City of London PAGE Commissioners named by the Crown ... ... ... 157 Lord Mayor for time being, head of Commission ... ... 157 Commission issued by Crown, upon application to Secretary of State for War by Lord Mayor ; of whom Commission consists ... ... ... ... ... 157 Disqualifications ... ... ... ... ... 158 Powers of Commission as regulated by Acts of Parliament, including the making of Militia Rate and the levying of the Trophy Tax ... .. ... ... 158-159 Commissioners appoint Clerk and Treasurer, Messenger, &c. 161 Privilege of presenting addresses to the Sovereign upon the Throne ... ... ... 161 Uniform to be worn by ... ... ... ... 161 Proceedings at the Ceremony ... ... ... 161 Copy of Commission ... ... ... 162-4 Particulars of uniform worn ... ... 164-5 (And see " Trophy Tax.") Livery Cloth- Origin of gift of; list of persons to whom sent ... 65-66 Livery Companies Livery of, summoned to Common Hall Elections ... ...4,82 Those of Lord Mayor and Lord Mayor Elect breakfast at the Mansion House on day of admission of Lord Mayor Elect ; and attend the Ceremony of admission ... 19,20,23 Those of Lord Mayor and Sheriffs go with procession on Lord Mayor's Day ... ... ... ... 25 At banquets of, positions of Lord Mayor and Aldermen ... 62 Those of Sheriffs Elect accompany them to Guildhall on day of their admission and return to breakfast ... 91,95 Locum tenens (See " Mayor.") London, Bishop of Is a Trustee of the fabric of St. Paul's ... ... 107 Lord Chamberlain- Lord Mayor writes to, requesting usual privilege of entree to Levees and Courts ... ... ... ... 57 Audience of Sovereign requested through ... ... 113 On presenting Addresses receives Lord Mayor, &c., at door of presence chamber, and introduces them ... ... 116 On demise of the Sovereign, to be applied to that the Lord Mayor may be present when the successor to the throne enters the Privy Council room ... ... ... 122 Lord Chancellor (See "Lord Mayor Elect, Presentation to the.") Index. 199 Lord Mayor Elect PAGE "His place in Court of Aldermen and Common Hall ... J3 Court of Aldermen, after his election, addressed by ; con- gratulated by Aldermen and Officers ... ... ]3 To address the Common Hall after his election is declared... 14 Is taken to Mansion House after his election by Lord Mayor in his State carriage; dinner in the evening ... ... 14 Consent in writing to take office to be signified by, and Common Cryer to give personal notice ... ... 15 Not usual, prior to his being sworn, to appear in public with the Lord Mayor ... ... ... ... 15 Presentation of, to the Lord Chancellor; the Remembrancer to wait on Lord Chancellor to know when he will receive him ; first day of Michaelmas sittings (24th October) usually appointed ... ... ... ... 16 Swordbearer to summon Lord Mayor Elect, Aldermen and Officers to proceed to Lord Chancellor's ... ... 16 Dress to be worn and order of procession ... ... 17 Ceremony at the presentation ... ... ... 17 Lord Chancellor signifies the Sovereign's pleasure ... 18 In his absence in 1881 the Lord Chief Justice officiated ... 18 Entertains at his Company's hall the Aldermen, &c. ... 18 Dress to be worn ... ... ... ... 18 Admission of, to take place on 8th of November, or the day previous ... ... ... ... ... 19 Swordbearer to summon Lord Mayor, Aldermen, &c. ... 19 Companies of Lord Mayor and Lord Mayor Elect, Aldermen, &c., breakfast at Mansion House ... ... 19-20 Lord Mayor, previous to leaving Mansion House, to deliver to Swordbearer keys of the two book-cases, and the two letter seals ... ... ... ... ... 20 Order of procession from Mansion House to Guildhall ... 20 Introduced to Court of Aldermen by two Aldermen who have passed the Chair ... ... ... ... 20 Order of procession from Aldermen's room to Great Hall ... 20 Ceremony in the Great Hall ... ... ... 21 Declaration made and subscribed by, on day of admission ... 21 Order of procession from Guildhall to the Mansion House ... 23 Lord Mayor's Day- Presentation at the High Court of Justice and Banquet in Guildhall ; Swordbearer to summon Lord Mayor, &c. ... 24 Dress to be worn; breakfast at Guildhall ... ... 25 Companies of Lord Mayor and Sheriffs to fall into procession at Guildhall ... ... ... ... 25 Order of Procession from Guildhall to the High Court of Justice and Ceremony thereat ... ... 25-20 Order to be observed on return of procession ... ... 27 200 Index. Lord Mayor's Day continued. I-AGB Order of procession to Library; Ceremony observed in ... 28 Order of procession to banquet in the Great Hall... ... 30 Airangements to be observed at the banquet ... 30-31 Gallery for the Lady Mayoress' and Sheriffs' ladies ... 28 No Beadles, except the Lord Mayor's, admitted into the Guildhall ... ... ... ... ... 31 Marshal, City To conduct procession from Guildhall to St. Lawrence Church ... ... ... ... ... 6 Note as to his duties ... ... ... ... 6 Processions in Guildhall under the management of 28, 30, 86 Dinner on Lord Mayor's Day announced in library by ... 30 Attends the Lord Mayor to Wardmotes ... ... 47 Sworn on Plow Monday ... ... ... ... 53 Conducts procession on occasion of Spital Sermon ... 59 The like to and at St. Paul's Cathedral on first Sunday in Trinity Law Sittings ... ... ... ... 105 The like on Fast and Thanksgiving services at ... 141-143 Duties of, on occasion of Proclamations being made by Heralds within the City ... ... ... ... 124 On presentation of Addresses, &c. ... ... ... 117 When Lord Mayor attends charity sermons, procession headed by ... ,.-. ... ... ... ... 140 Mace, The City- Borne before the Lord Mayor ... ... ... 2 (And see " Sceptre.") Macebearer (See "Common Cryer.") Mayor Precedence witMn and without the City ... ... 1 Officially addressed as "The Bight Honourable" ... 1 Bears the City Sword before the Sovereign within the City 1 His place in services at St. Paul's Cathedral ... ... 1 Pass word of the Tower sent quarterly to ... ... 2 Carries the Sceptre or Crystal Mace before the Sovereign at Coronations ... ... ... ... ... 2 The Sword and Mace carried before him ... ... 2 Wears Collar of SS. and Jewel ... .. ... 2 Names of Courts, &c., presided over by ... ... 2 May appoint a locum tenens, who must be an Alderman who has passed the Chair ... .. ... 3, 112 Powers and privileges ... ... ... ... 2-3 Qualifications for the office of Lord Mayor ... ... 3 Precept to the Livery for the election of, on Michaelmas Day 4-5 Lord Mayor and Sheriffs go from Mansion House to Guildhall in full Sta.te ; dress to be worn ... 6 Index. 201 Mayor continued. PAGE Order of procession from Guildhall to St. Lawrence Church ; Ceremony at the Church ... ... ... ... 6-7 Order of the Proceedings in Common Hall ... ... 8 Course of proceedings if poll demanded ... ... 10 Ceremony to be observed on Sheriffs' return to Court of Aldermen of the two Aldermen chosen, and for taking the scrutiny ... ... ... ... 12-13 On return to Common Hall, Recorder declares to Livery on whom the election has fallen ... ... ... 13 Takes the Lord Mayor Elect, on day of election, to Mansion House in State Carriage ; dinner in the evening ... 14 To take leave of the Court on day of admission of incoming Lord Mayor ... ... ... ... ... 20 The outgoing, to surrender his seat to the incoming Lord Mayor after declaration is made ... ... ... 21 Ceremony at High Courts of Justice on his presentation, and form of declaration made by him ... ... 24 27 Summonses for any Courts to be submitted to ... 32-33 At first Courts of Aldermen and Common Council to come from Mansion House in full State, addresses the Courts 32-33 Is the First Commissioner of the Central Criminal Court, and takes precedence of Lord Chancellor in the Commission ; attends with Sword ; dress ... ... ... 36 Judges, on first day of their attendance, received by ... 37 To meet Commissioners of Central Criminal Court on first day of Michaelmas sittings, to fix Sessions for ensuing Mayoralty 37 Takes his seat in Court, and, in his absence, it is occupied by the Senior Alderman present ... ... ... 37 Portion of expense at the Central Criminal Court borne by ... 38 Attends Courts of Husting ; dress to be worn ... ... 39 Attends Quarter and General Sessions; dress to be worn ... 41 The like Southwark Sessions ... ... ..42 Precept for St. Thomas's day issued by; in the absence of any Alderman, Wardmote held by ; dress to be worn 43-47 Dress to be worn at Court of Aldermen or Sessions, held during Christmas holidays ... ... ... 55 First State dinner given to the Aldermen, &c., first Court after Plow Monday ... ... ... ... 55 The like to the Common Council after the first Court ... 55 State dinner to His Majesty's Ministers ... ... 56 Usually attends first Levee and first Court ; dress to be worn ... ... ... ... 56-57 Attends Easter Spital Sermon ; ceremony in connection there- with; dress to be worn ... ... ... 58-61 Receives boys and officers of Christ's Hospital at the Mansion House ... ... ... ... 59,111 202 Index. Mayor continued. PAGE Easter Banquet given by ... ... . ... 61 Dinners to the Judges, Bishops, &c. ; dress to be worn ... 63 Invited to dinner by Home Secretary on Sovereign's birthday 63 Fruiterers 1 Company entertained annually by ... ... 64 Venison Warrants sent to ... ... ... ... 67 Invited to Royal Academy Dinner ; dress to be worn ... 68 Is a Governor of Queen Anne's Bounty ... ... 69 Service at St. Paul's and Dinner at Merchant Taylors' Hall in connection with the Festival of the Sons of the Clergy ; dress to be worn, &c. ... ... ... 70-71 Attends dinner at Lambeth Palace in connection therewith ; dress to be worn ... ... ... ... 72 Attends St. Paul's and Westminster Abbey on Hospital Sunday ... ... ... ... 72-73 On elections of Aldermen, presides at Wardmote ... 74 Entertains newly elected Aldermen at dinner ... ... 75 Nominates persons for Sheriffs ... ... ... 81 Precept for the election of Sheriffs on Midsummer day, or, when 24th falls on Sunday, the day following ... 82 Summons sent to Lord Mayor, etc., seven days before election 84 Goes from Mansion House, on day of election, in full State 84 Ceremony in Common Hall ... ... ... 84-87 Order of procession from Mansion House on Sheriffs admis- sion at Guildhall on 28th September; dress to be worn ... 90 Ceremony observed ... ... ... ... 91 Attends at St. Paul's to meet the Judges on the first Sunday in Trinity Sittings; ceremony and dress to be worn 104-107 Is a Trustee of the fabric of St. Paul's Cathedral ... 107 Attends at Christ Church, Newgate Street, on St. Matthew's day; ceremony; dress to be worn ... 109-111 Presides at distribution of prizes at City of London Schools and Freemen's Orphan School ; dress to be worn 108-109 Proceedings when an Audience of the Sovereign is requisite ; dress to be worn ; route of procession ; and Ceremony observed ... ... ... ... ... 113 Ceremony observed on presentation of Addresses to the Sovereign and to Foreign Sovereigns, and dress worn ... ... ... ...115-117,118-119 Proceedings on demise of the Crown ; ceremony observed and privileges of Lord Mayor, &c., on the occasion; dress to be worn ... ... ... 120-123 The like en proclamations on the accession and coronation of the Sovereign; dress to be worn ... ... 123-126 His position and privileges in connection with the Corona- tion Ceremonial ... ... ... 126-135 The Lord Mayor (Dimsdale) at time of Coronation of King Edward VII. sworn a Privy Councillor ... ... 137 Index. 203 Mayor continued. PAQK Ceremony observed at Charity Sermons ; dress to be worn ... ... ... ... 139-140 Attends in State at St. Paul's on Public Fast and Thanks- giving days; dress to be worn ... ... 141-142 Orders for closing and use of Guildhall granted by 145-146 Honours conferred upon, by the Sovereign 119, 135, 137, 145, 148, 150, 154 Is head of the Commissioner of Lieutenancy ... ... 157 (And see "Levees and Courts," and "Peace, Preservation of the.") Mayoralty Seal- On day of admission of Lord Mayor Elect, presented by Chamberlain to outgoing Lord Mayor, and by him delivered to incoming Lord Mayor ... ... ... 21 Mayor's Court- Attorney of the, attends Courts of Husting ... ... 39 Deputy Registrar of, attends Court on Plow Monday ... 53 Returns to precepts for election of Aldermen, to be read to Court of Aldermen by Attorney of ... ... ... 74 Mercers' Company- Joint Trustees with Corporation under Sir Thomas Gresham's will ... ... .. ... ... ... 170 Merchant Taylors' Hall (See "Sons of the Clergy.") Michaelmas Day Election of Lord Mayor ... ... ... ... 8 Michaelmas Law Sittings First day of, Lord Mayor Elect presented to Lord Chancellor 16 Commissioners meet, first day of, to fix Sessions Central Criminal Court ... ... ... ... 37 Midsummer Day Election of Sheriffs, &c. ... ... ... ... 81 Militia, and Militia Rate (See "Lieutenancy") ... ... ... 158-159 Ministers- Dinner given to His Majesty's, by Lord Mayor ; dress worn 56 Moors, The A Proclamation for the Tenants to do suit and service ... 89 Morden College, for decayed Merchants Particulars as to ... ... ... ... 173-174 Aldermen of the City of London Trustees of ... ... 178 "Mourning, Court" (See " Court Mourning.") 204 Index. Officers PAGE With Aldermen, receive Lord Mayor in Aldermen's room on his arrival at Guildhall on day of election of Lord Mayor... 6 Dress to be worn on day of presentation of Lord Mayor Elect 17 The like ori day of admission ... ... ... 20 The like en presentation of Lord Mayor at King's Bench Division of High Court of Justice ... ... ... 25 Incoming Lord Mayor congratulated by ... ... 22 Attend Easter Spital Sermon ... - ... 58-60 Allowed to have servants, if in livery, to wait on them at Easter Banquets ... ... ... ... 61 Dress to be worn on Midsummer day ... ... ... 84 To attend on admission of Sheriffs ; dress to be worn ; invited to breakfast with Sheriffs Elect ... 90-91 To attend at St. Paul's on first Sunday in Trinity Law Sittings to meet the Judges; dress to be worn ... 104 Dress to be worn ori presentation of Addresses ... ... 115 The like on proclamation of Accession, Coronation of Sove- reign. &c. ... ... ... ... 123-126 To attend the Meeting of the Lords of the Privy Council on the demise of the Sovereign ... ... 120-122 Outer Chamber, Court of (See "Aldermen, Court of.") Peace, Preservation of the How to be maintained; in cases of riots, &c., action to be taken by the Lord Mayor and Commissioner of Police 78-80 If troops required, Home Secretary to be applied to ... 79 Peace, Clerk of the Attends Southwark Sessions ... ... ... 42 Philpot's (Sir John) Charity, Particulars of ... ... ... ... 175 Pleas of Land (See " Husting, Courts of.") Plow Monday- Grand Court of Wardmote ; Summons and dress to be worn 53 For what purpose held ... ... ... ... 53 Returns to precepts and petitions against returns received... 53 Lord and Lady Mayoress entertain the household and other Officials at dinner; Ceremony observed ... ... 54 Police Commissioner Origin of the Office, its nature and duties : how appointed 78-80 (And see " Coronations.") Poll For elections of Common Councilmen ... ... ... 49 When demanded, on elections in Common Hall ... 10, 87 Index. 205 Premier PAGE Lord Mayor, Presented at first Levee by the ... ... 56 Prisons Visiting Committees of Justices for Holloway Prison, and for Brixton Prison ... ... ... ... 78 Proclamations On demise of the Sovereign Lord Mayor, &c., sign the, de- claring successor to the Throne ... ... ... 122 On Accession and Coronation of the Sovereign, order of Privy Council for, laid before Court of Aldermen ... 123-125 Dress to be worn on the occasion of the Proclamations ... 123 Ceremony on the occasion of the Proclamation of King Edward VII ... ... ... ... 124-126 Mourning not worn on the occasion ... ... ... 125 Officers of Arms entertained at Mansion House ... ... 125 Ceremony on the occasion of the Proclamation of the Corona- tion of His Majesty ... ... ... 129-131 (And see " Coronations.") Processions, Order of On Michaelmas Day ... ... ... ... 6-7 On Lord Mayor's Day ... ... ... 25,28,30-1 At Central Criminal Court ... ... ... ... 38 On occasion of Spital Sermon ... ... ... 59 On Midsummer Day ... ... ... 84-87 On first Sunday in Trinity Sittings ... ... 105-106 On St. Matthew's Day ... ... ... ... Ill On presentation of addresses ... ... 115-117,118 At charity sermons .. ... ... ... 140 To and from Temple Bar ... ... ... 141-143 Quarter Sessions (See " Sessions.") Queen Anne's Bounty- Origin of; Mayor and Aldermen Governors of; Courts when held ... ... ... ... 68-69 Extraordinary meeting once a year, and Notice in London Gazette ... ... ... 69 Notice of meetings sent to Swordbearer, who summons Lord Mayor, &c. ; place of meeting ... .. ... 70 Queen Victoria Demise of ; proceedings thereafter ... ... ... 120 Visits to the City in 1887, 1900 ... ... 147,149 Jubilee in 1887, Celebration of ... ... ... 148 Diamond Jubilee in 1897, the like ... ... ... 152 Receptions- Ceremonial observed by Lord Mayor, &c., at ... ... 29 206 Index. Recorder PAOK Dress worn on election of Lord Mayor ... ... 6 Duties at the election ... ... ... ...8-13 Common Serjeant acts for, in his absence, at elections 8, 26, 85 Presents Lord Mayor Elect to Lord Chancellor ; dress to be worn ... ... ... ... 17-18 Dress to be worn by, on admission of Lord Mayor Elect ... 19 Dress and duty on presentation of Lord Mayor ... 25 29 His seat in Court of Aldermen ... ... ... 32 Reads Addresses ... ... ... ... ... 35 Dress to be worn by, afc Sessions and red-letter days during Sessions ... ... ... ... 38,41,42 Judgments of Courts of Husting pronounced by ... ... 39 Must be present to form a Court of Southwark Sessions ... 42 As Steward of Southwark, appoints and holds his two Courts 43 Not summoned to Great Court of Wardmote on Plow Monday 53 Four coach orders for Easter Banquet sent to ... ... 61 Invited to dine with Home Secretary on the Sovereign's birthday ; dress to be worn ... ... ... 63 Venison Warrants sent to ... ... ... ... 67 At Common Hall on Midsummer day, Sheriffs' elections de- clared by ; dress to be worn ... ... 84-86 To attend St. Paul's on first Sunday in Trinity Law Sittings to meet Judges; dress to be worn ... ... 105-106 Addresses to the Sovereign, &c., read by, and dress to be worn ... ... ... 116-118 A Commissioner of Lieutenancy by virtue of his office ... 157 (And see " Coronations.") Record, Southwark Court of (See " Southwark Court of Record.") Remembrancer To wait on Lord Chancellor to appoint day to receive Lord Mayor Elect ... ... ... ... ... 16 On admission of Lord Mayor Elect, Deputation for City Gauger presented for signature ... ... ... ... 22 Lord Chief Justice informed by, of presentation of Lord Mayor Elect ... ... ... ... ... 24 Duties in connection with the banquet in Guildhall 27, 30 To send coach orders for Easter Banquet to Aldermen, Recorder, Sheriffs, Chamberlain, and Town Clerk Venison Warrants issued by To attend St. Paul's on first Sunday in Trinity Law Sittings 106 Honours conferred upon ... ... ... 119,135 To apply to the Lord Chamberlain that the Lord Mayor may be present in Privy Council room when the successor to the Throne enters ... ... ... ... 122 (See also "Addresses," "Coronations," ' House of Commons.") Index. 207 Rogers's Charity (Almshouses) PAK Particulars of and qualifications of inmates ... ... 177 Rotas (See "Town Clerk") ... ... ... 76-77 Royal Academy- Lord Mayor invited to dine at, in May ; dress to be worn ... C8 Royal Exchange Proclamations on Accession and Coronation of Sovereign, read at ... ... ... ... ... ... 125 First named the Bourse by Queen Elizabeth ... ... 168 Burnt down in 1666, and again in 1838 ... 169-170 Kebuilt and opened by Queen Victoria in 1844 ... ... 170 Royal Family Members of, invited to Easter Banquet ... ... 61 Upon death of any of the, Home Secretary communicates the same to the Lord Mayor, who directs the great bell of St. Paul's to be tolled ... ... ... ... 123 Royal Fusiliers, 6th Battalion- Have privilege of marching through City with bayonets fixed and colours flying ... ... ... ... 155 Royal Hospitals- Lord Mayor the head of ... ... ... ... 2 Key of Seal of, delivered to incoming Lord Mayor ... 23 Governors of, summoned to attend at Easter Spital Sermon 60 Presidents and Treasurers of, invited to Easter Banquet ... 61 Aldermen are ex officio Governors of ... ... ... 73 Summoned to Christ's Church, Newgate Street, on St. Matthew's day; Clerk of Christ's Hospital delivers lists of Governors to Lord Mayor ... ... 109-111 St. Lawrence Jewry- Service at, prior to election of Lord Mayor ... ... 5-6 Rector of, invited to dine with the Lord Mayor ... ... 7 Members of the Common Council summoned to the several sermons preached before the Lord Mayor at ... ... 105 St. Matthew's Day Lord Mayor, Aldermen, Sheriffs, &c., go in State to Christ Church, Newgate Street; order of procession 109-111 After service meet to receive Lists of Governors of Royal Hospitals; Ceremony ... ... ... ...Ill St. Paul's Cathedral- Position occupied by the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, &c., at ser- vices in ... ... ... ... ... 1 Judges attend at, on first Sunday in Trinity Law Sittings 2, 104 Hallkeeper to attend on occasion and present nosegays ... 106 Festival of Sons of the Clergy at; proceedings thereat ... 70 208 Index. St. Paul's Cathedral continued. PAOK Hospital Sunday ; Lord Mayor and Sheriffs attend 72-73 Members of the Common Council summoned to the several sermons preached before the Lord Mayor at ... ... 105 A Vestry at, kept for the exclusive use of the Corporation ... 105 Lord Mayor has a stall in the Choir, seats are provided for his family and for the Aldermen's ladies ... 1, 106 Accounts relative to repairs, audited in July ; names of Trustees of the fabric ... ... ... 107 Letter from Secretary to Archbishop of Canterbury to Lord Mayor thereon ... ... ... ... 107 On demise of the Sovereign, or any Member of the Royal Family, Lord Mayor orders tolling of great bell ... 123 Thanksgiving Service at, on recovery from sickness of King Edward VII ... ... ... ... 135-136 The like on recovery from illness of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales in 1872 ... ... ... ... ... 141 The like on Jubilee of Queen Victoria ... ... 148 The like on her Diamond Jubilee ... ... ... 153 Services at, on Public Fast and Thanksgiving days ... 141 The subject of seats to be assigned to the Corporation sub- mitted to the Lord Chamberlain ... ... ... 143 St. Thomas's Day Wardmotes for election of Officers of the Wards held on ... 43 Form of Precept issued ... ... ... 43-47 Alderman, or, in his absence, Lord Mayor, to preside at Ward- motes on; dress to be worn ... ... ... 47 Regulations for holding the Wardmotes ... 47-51 Returns to precept to be duly signed and delivered to the Town Clerk, to be laid before Court on Plow Monday ... 51 (And see "Wardmotes.") Sceptre or Crystal Mace Carried by the Lord Mayor before the Sovereign at Coro- nations ... ... ... 2,126,127,131,133 Delivered to New Lord Mayor on his admission to office 21. 22 Seamen, Distressed (See " Langham's Charity.") Secondary- Form of Returns made on elections in Common Hall 10-11 To make appointment with the King's Remembrancer, when the Warrants, signifying the King's approval of the choice of Sheriffs shall be handed over, and to attend on the occasion of the City Solicitor rending Suit and Service on behalf of Tenants of 'certain properties ... ... 88 Letter sent by, to Wards, for returns of persons to serve on Juries; return to be made in December ... 96-104 (And see " Poll," " Processions.") Index. 209 Sermons PAOH (See " Charity Sermons," " Spital Sermon.") Sessions For the City of London ... ... ... ... 41 Times for holding Quarter, regulated by Act of Parliament... 41 Dress to be worn at ... ... ... ... 41 For the Town and Borough of Houthwark ... ... 42 Accounts of Trophy Tax to be examined and allowed at Quarter or General Sessions (see "Lieutenancy") ... 159 (See also " Southwark Sessions.") Sheriffs- Their positions in services at St. Paul's Cathedral ... 1-2 On day of election of Lord Mayor, go from Mansion House in full State ; dress to be worn ... ... ... 6 Conduct election of Lord Mayor, in Common Hall ...6-14 Attend the Lord Mayor Elect on his presentation to the Lord Chancellor; dress to be worn ... ... ... 17 Dress to be worn on admission of Lord Mayor (8th Novem- ber) ... ... ... ... ... 19-20 Dress to be worn on Lord Mayor's day and presentation of Lord Mayor in the High Court of Justice ... ... 25 Companies of, on Lord Mayor's day, to fall into procession at Guildhall ... ... ... ... ... 25 At first Courts of Aldermen and Common Council, to come from Mansion House in full State to Guildhall ; dress to be worn ... ... ... ... 32-33 To attend Lord Mayor in full State to the opening of the first Session of the Central Criminal Court; dress to be worn ... ... ... ... ...35 One of the, escorts the Judge to the Central Criminal Court on the first day of his attendance at each Session ... 37 Their seats at the Central Criminal Court ... ... 37 On first day in each Session, and red-letter days occurring during the Session, to wear scarlet robes ... ... 38 Portion of expense at Central Criminal Court borne by ... 38 With Lord Mayor and Aldermen, are Judges of the Courts of Husting ; if either, or the Lord Mayor, be absent from the Court, there must be six Aldermen ... ... 39 To come in state to Court on Plow Monday ... ... 54 Usually attend the first Levee and, with their ladies, the first Court; dress to be worn ... ... 56-57 Dress to be worn at Easter Spital Sermon ... ... 58 Four coach orders for Easter Banquet sent to each; dress to be worn ... ... ... ... ... 61 Invited to dine with Home Secretary on the Sovereign's birthday ... ... ... ... ... 63 210 Index. Sheriffs continued. I-AOK Venison Warrants sent to ... ... ... ... 66 Go to St. Paul's on Festival of Sons of Clergy ; dress to be worn ... ... ... 70 Dinner at Lambeth Palace; dress to be worn ... ... 72 Attend at St. Paul's and Westminster Abbey on Hospital Sunday ... 72-73 Date of office ; elected by the livery on Midsummer day ; form of precept for election ... ... 81-83 Lord Mayor nominates yearly one or more, not exceeding three persons for ; fines and exemptions, particulars relative to, and qualification for office ... 81-82 Form of summons for Court of Aldermen; dress to be worn 84 Order of procession, Mansion House to Guildhall, on day of election ... ... ... ... ... 34 Order of procession to Hustings ; proceedings in Common Hall, and in Court of Aldermen ... ... 85-87 Bonds given by ... ... ... ... ... 87 The Sovereign's approval of, signified by Warrant under Seal ; and Ceremony observed on attending the King's Remembrancer, at the High Courts of Justice 88-89 Order of procession from Mansion House on Sheriffs admis- sion at Guildhall on the 28th September ... ... 90 Dress to be worn by Sheriffs Elect ... ... ..91 Order of procession to Great Hall ; Ceremony observed on Hustings ... ... ... ... ... 91 Sheriffs Elect make the Declarations according to Statute ... 92 Ceremony observed after making Declaration ... ... 95 Chain and Badge of Office described ... ... ... 95 Sheriffs Elect invite Aldermen, etc., to breakfast at Hall of Company of one of them ... ... ... ... 95 To attend at St. Paul's on first Sunday in Trinity Law Sittings to meet the Judges, &c. ; dress to be worn ... 104 Attend distribution of prizes at the Freemen's Orphan School 109 Go to Christ's Church, Newgate Street, on St. Matthew's day; dress to be worn ... ... ... ... 110 Attend the Lord Mayor on Audience with the Sovereign ; dress to be worn; Ceremony observed ... ... 113 Reception of, by the Sovereign, as to receiving Addresses 114-116 Attend the Lord Mayor on occasions of proclamations ; dress to be worn ... ... ... ... ... 124 Honours conferred upon ... 119,135,137,145,148,150,154 Petitions to House of Commons presented by ; dress worn ; Ceremony observed ... ... ... 138-139 In their absence, Lord Mayor and three Aldermen present Petitions ,. 138 Index. 211 Sheriffs r<nitin,iu'il. v\ov. Ceremony observed at Charity sermons; dress to be worn 139-140 Go to St. Paul's on public fast days and thanksgivings; dress to be worn ... ... ... ... 141 (And see " Common Hall," " Coronations.") Sheriffs' Fund Society (See " Barnardistone's (Lady) Gift.") Soane's (Sir John; Museum Trustee of. appointed by the Court of Aldermen ... ... 17^ Soldiers, Distressed (See " Langham's Charity.") Sons of the Clergy- Lord Mayor, &c., attend St. Paul's on occasion of the Festival of the ; seats reserved for Lady Mayoress and ladies of Aldermen and Sheriffs ... ... ... ... 70 Order of procession from St. Paul's to Merchant-Taylors' Hall; Lord Mayor takes the Chair; order to be observed at dinner; dress to be worn ... ... ... 71 Dinner given at Lambeth Palace, and dress to be worn ... 72 Southwark Court of Record- Reference to ... ... ... ... ... 43 Southwark Sessions When held ... ... ... ... ... 42 Lord Mayor, with two Aldermen who have passed the Chair, and the Recorder, or three Aldermen and the Recorder, to be present to hold ; High Bailiff and his Officers to attend; dress to be worn ... ... ... 42 Southwark, Town of Why granted to citizens of London ... ... ... 42 Reference to Charters as to City's jurisdiction in (and see "Steward's Court, Southwark") ... ... ... 42 Sovereign, Audience of the When one is required by the Lord Mayor ; proceedings to be taken (see also "Addresses") ... ... ... 113 Sovereign, Birthday of the - Dinner given by Home Secretary on ... ... ... 03 Sovereign, demise of the Secretary of State communicates to Lord Mayor ... 120 The Lord Mayor and Aldermen summoned to attend the meeting of the Lords of the Privy Council on ... 120 Proceedings on the demise of Queen Victoria ... 120-122 Lcrd Mayor to be present when the Sovereign enters the Privy Council Chamber ... 122-123 212 Index. Sovereign, demise of the<-<<fi/u'<I. I..VOK Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Officers sign Proclamation de- claring Successor ... ... ... ... 122 Dress to be worn ... ... ... ... 123 Lord Mayor directs the tolling of St. Paul's bell ... ... 123 (See also " Addresses," " Coronations," and " Proclamations.") Sovereign, visits of the, to the City On Thanksgiving services at St. Paul's ... 135-136, 141 (And see "Queen Victoria.") Special Constables Act ... ... ... ... 79 Spital Sermon, on Second Wednesday after Easter Lord Mayor, at first Court of Aldermen in Lent names preacher ; Archbishop of Canterbury nominates the Bishop to preach; Lord Mayor appoints Church ... ... 58 SS., Collar of <See "Collar of SS.") Standing Orders- Reference to (see "Rotas"). Steward's Court, Southwark Recorder Steward of; when held ... ... ... 43 Summonses Swordbearer issues all, to Aldermen, &c., to Common Halls... 5, 84 The like on presentation of Lord Mayor Elect to Lord Chancellor ... ... ... ... ... 16 The like for presentation of the Lord Mayor to the Judges on Lord Mayor's Day ... ... ... ... 24 For Courts of Aldermen or Common Council, to be sub- mitted first to Lord Mayor ... ... 32-33 When freedom is presented to any distinguished person, notice to be inserted on summons for Common Council ... 34 Names of Aldermen on Rota to keep the Court to be on the summons for Common Council ... ... . ... 77 For admission of Sheriffs Elect ... ... ... 90 Form of, on Addresses to the Sovereign ... ... 114 Swords The four belonging to the citizens described ... ... 2 That used on Midsummer day placed on the table in Court of Aldermen on a bed of roses ... ... ... 85 Swordbearer To see that the Lord Mayor has his proper place assigned to him at Ceremonials or Banquets without the City ... 1 Note as to duties of ... ... ... ... 7 After service, on day of election of Lord Mayor, to invite Rector to dinner ... ... ... ... 7 Index. 213 Swordbearer- --((mtinuctl. PACK On day of Election to hand Lord Mayor Elect to his place on the left of the Lord Mayor ... ... ... 13 To place the Chain on Lord Mayor Elect on his declaring his assent to take Office ... ... ... ... 13 Lord Mayor to deliver keys to, on day of admission of Lord Mayor Elect ... ... ... ... 20 Ceremony observed by, on day of admitting Lord Mayor Elect 22 ( Jeremony at presentation of Lord Mayor at High Court of Justice ... ... ... ... ... 26 The like at receptions by the Lord Mayor, &c. ... ... 29 The like on Easter Spital Sermon ... ... ... 58 When a Calendar Court of Aldermen is postponed, to give notice to Aldermen ... ... ... ... 32 Duties at dinner on Plow Monday ... ... ... 54 Informs Lord Mayor and Aldermen of meetings of Governors of Queen Anne's Bounty ... ... ... ... 70 To see that places are provided at the principal table for Aldermen at dinner on Festival of Sons of the Clergy and duties in connection with ... ... ... ... 71 When an Alderman Elect is sworn, presents him to Lord Mayor and Aldermen ... ... ... ... 75 To issue all summonses to Lord Mayor, Aldermen, &c., for Courts, &c. (see "Summonses") ... ... ... 76 Temple Bar (Site of) Ceremony at, on reading of proclamations on Accession and Coronation of the Sovereign, &c. ... ... ... 124 Ceremony at, on the Sovereign visiting the City 142, 152 Thames (Victoria) Embankment- Ceremony at, on visit of the King and Queen to the City 136, 149 Thanksgivings, days of Lord Mayor, &c., goes to St. Paul's on; dress worn ... 141 Special arrangements on the occasion of the recovery of the Prince of Wales from dangerous illness ... ... 141 The like of King Edward VII ... ... ...136 The like on Queen Victoria's Jubilee and Diamond Jubilee 148, 152 Guildhall closed on, by order of Lord Mayor ... ... 145 Town Clerk- To deliver to Common Serjeant a list of the Aldermen in nomination for Lord Mayor ... ... .... 9 With Recorder and Common Serjeant, to take the scrutiny at election of Lord Mayor ... ... ... 12 To call on Lord Mayor Elect, in the Common Hall, for his assent to take office ... ... ... ... 13 To tender Declaration to Lord Mayor Elect ... ... 21 214 Index. Town Clerk continued. PAGE Duties of, on presentations of Freedom and Addresses 34-35 Two coach orders for Easter Banquet sent to ... ... 61 Venison Warrants sent to ... ... ... ... 67 To prepare rotas and send copies to Aldermen ... 76-77 To report to Common Council any failure of a Sheriff Elect to take office ... ... ... ... ... 82 Declaration made and subscribed by Sheriffs ... 92-95 To attend at St. Paul's on first Sunday in Trinity Law Sittings ... ... ... ... 106 To attend on St. Matthew's day to receive Lists of Governors of the Royal Hospitals ... ... ... ...Ill Form of lot-urn tenens for the Lord Mayor to be prepared by 112 Honour conferred upon ... ... ... ... 119 A Commissioner of Lieutenancy by virtue of his office ... 157 Tower, The Password of, sent to the Lord Mayor quarterly ... 2 Traffic, Regulation of Entrusted to Commissioner of Police ... ... ... 80 Trained Bands (See " Artillery Company.") Trinity Law Sittings- Lord Mayor, Aldermen, &c., meet Judges at St. Paul's on first Sunday in; Ceremony observed ... 104-107 Troops Not to pass through the City without leave of Lord Mayor ; Home Secretary writes to Lord Mayor requesting his sanction; those privileged ... ... ... 155 Correspondence as to the privilege of the 3rd Buffs to inarch through the City with bayonets fixed and colours flying 155-156 (And see " Peace, Preservation of the.") Trophy Tax- Particulars as to, and how levied ... ... 159, 161 Under Sheriffs To attend at Easter Spital Sermon ... 59-60 To attend Court of Aldermen on admission of an Alderman to Office ... ... ... ... ... 75 To attend on admission of Sheriffs Elect ... ... 91 To attend at St. Paul's on first Sunday in Trinity Law Sittings ... ... ... ... ... 105 (See also " Charity sermons.") United Westminster Schools (See " Emanuel Hospital.") Index. 215 Venison Warrants I-AGK Issued in December and July; origin of ... ... 66 Under arrangement the City now have twelve bucks and twelve does ... ... ... ... ... 67 Hew distributed ... ... ... ... 67 Victoria, Queen (See "Queen Victoria.") Visiting Magistrates Committees of, for Holloway and Brixton Prisons appointed 78 Volunteer Corps- Powers of the Lieutenancy as to (see "Lieutenancy") ... 160 War, Secretary of State for Upon application to, new Commission of Lieutenancy is issued by the Crown ... ... ... ... 157 Ward Clerks- On St. Thomas's day, Aldermen appoint ... 50-51 On death, resignation or disqualification of a Common Council- man, to apply to Lord Mayor for precept for election of a successor ... ... ... ... ... 52 Summons for meeting of Aldermen, Deputies, and Common Council, to approve Jury list, to be issued by .... 103-104 Ward Constables- Reference to Police Act as to ... ... ... 48 Ward Expenses and Estimate Submitted to Wardmote by Deputy on St. Thomas's day ... 50 Ward moles One holden on St. Thomas's day for election of Common Council, &c. ... ... .. ... ... 43 Opinion of Mr. Recorder and Mr. Common Serjeant as to the right of attendance at, and power of exclusion from ... 47 Deputy may hold one in absence of Alderman, except on St. Thomas's day ... . ... ... ... 52 Special ones to fill vacancies in Common Council, &c., and form of precept ... ... ... ... 52-3 For election of an Alderman held by Lord Mayor ... 74 Grand Court of Wardmote (see "Plow Monday"). Wards- Men for the Militia provided by ... ... ... 158 Aldermen and Deputies of, empowered to raise a rate to pay expenses of Militia .. ... ... ... 159 Westminster Abbey- Places in. provide! for Lord Mayor, &c., on Coronations, and a seat for the' Lady Mayoress in the Choir ... 126 (See "Coronations" and "Hospital Sunday.") 216 Index. Wills and Deeds TACK Proceedings in Court of H listing on enrolment of ... 40 Wilson's Charity- Particulars of, tor loans to traders ... ... ... 180 Wilson's (Alderman and Colonel) Trust- Particulars of ..181 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. Form L9-42m-8,'49(B5573)444 THE LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA T,OS ANGELES .London, uorp, 676 Court of common L84h Council - 1906 Handbook of ceremonials . -"-''""'" nniiiimniinni I 001 000 739 1 DA 1906