J H HISTORY AND NEW GAZETTEER, OR GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, OP NORTH AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES, CONTAINING I, A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF NORTH AMERICA. II. A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE UNITED STATES ; THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AND CONSTITU TION OF THE UNITED STATES. III. A DESCRIPTION OF ALL THE STATES, COUNTIES, CITIES, TOWNS, VILLAGES, FORTS, SEAS, HARBORS, CAPES, RIVERS, LAKES, CANALS, RAIL-ROADS, MOUNTAINS, &c. CONNECTED WITH NORTH AMERICA; WITH THE EXTENT^ BOUNDARIES AND NATURAL PRODUCTIONS OF EACH STATE; THE HEARING AND DISTANCE OF REMARKABLE PLACES FROM EACH OTHER AND OF EACH FROM THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, WITO^^.THE CONTAINING LIKEWISE MANY TABLES RELATING- TO THE COMMERCE, POPULATION, REVENUE, AND VARIOUS INSTITUTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES. COMPILED FROM THE MOST RECENT AND AUTHENTIC SOURCES. A NEW AND MUCH IMPROVED EDITION. BY BISHOP DAVENPORT. NEW YORK: Hi PUBLISHED BY^S. W. BENEDICT & CO. 1842. ENTERED according to Act, of Congress, in the year 1842, by BISHOP DAVENPORT, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of New Jersey. S . W. BENf DI C T, Stereotyper and Printer. PREFACE. IN presenting this revised edition of his Gazetteer to the. public, the author deems it proper to state that he has labored to render it as free from errors as the nature of the work will admit ; and from his constant attention to the col lecting of new matter, and the correction of errors, for several years past, he thinks he has been enabled to prepare a work as free from errors, if not more so, than any that has ever been presented to the public on this subject. That there may be errors in distances, population, &c., it is not denied, but it is hoped that the candid reader will make all due allowances for the same. No one can form any just conception of the great difficulties to be encountered in compiling a work of this kind, except one who has undertaken a similar task. The difference between this revised edition and the old one will be found to be very great, both in regard to the number of articles on the United States and in the lengthened descriptions of the same. The number of counties have been increased from 1,000 to about 1,300, and the towns and villages in an equal proportion. To bring the work to its present state of perfection, it has cost the author a great deal of labor and expense, and it is hoped that both he and the publisher will receive ample remuneration in the sale of the work. In the course of compilation, many extracts from books, papers, &c., have been taken, but in general they have been so altered in phraseology that it was not deemed proper to give quotation marks. Great care has been taken, that all the information was of the bestand most recent that could be obtained. In short, the work is presented t6>an enlight ened public, without any further apology, as the best and most correct that could be compiled under all the circumstances of the case. BISHOP DAVENPORT. New Brunswick, N. /., June, 1842. ABBREVIATIONS MADE USE OF IN THIS WORK, bor. cap. C.H. CO. Ct. or Con Del. D. C, isl. n. In. Ken. La. L. C. m. Borough. Capital. Court House. County. .Connecticut. Delaware. District of Columbia. Island. Illinois. Indiana. Kentucky. Louisiana. Lower Canada. Miles. Mass. Massachusetts. Me. Maine. Mich. Michigan. Mis. Mississippi. Miso. Missouri, int. Mountain. Md. Maryland. N. H. New Hampshire. N. C. North Carolina, N. J. New Jersey. N. Y. New York. No. Number. Pa. Pennsylvania. Pop. Population. r. River. R..I. Rhode Island S. C, South Carolina. s-p. Seaport town. sq. ms.Square miles. Ten. Tennessee t. Town. ts. Township. pts. Post-township. Va. Virginia. U, S. United States. v. Village. Vt. Vermont. W. C.Washington City, EXPLANATORY NOTE. When the population is expressed without a date, it is for 1840. In the six New England states, and also in the state of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, the counties are subdivided into townships, and in Delaware, into hundreds ; but in the rest of the states no such subdivision as that of township is known. In the New England states these townships are commonly styled towns. They differ considerably in size; generally varying from about 5 to 6 miles square. In South Carolina the state is divided into districts instead of counties, and in Louisiana these divisrons are termed parishes. In New England the principal village almost always takes the name of the township in which it is situated. In the states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, the towns or villages commonly take dif ferent names from the townships in which they are situated. In the states south of Pennsylvania, and the Ohio river, the word town is used for a compact collection of NORTH AMERICA. GENERAL DESCRIPTION. NORTH AMERICA extends from the Isthmus of Darien, N lat. 8 Extent to the utmost known regions of the north, and spreads from Beh- ring's Straits to those of Bellisle, or rather, to embrace Greenland. Its breadth is very irregular, not exceeding 15 or 20 miles near Panama ; whilst from Beh- ring's Straits to # the Straits of Bellisle, it extends to a distance of 3,300 geo graphical, or 3,800 English miles, bearing N. 76 W. From the Straits of Bellisle to the isthmus of Darien, is 4,500 geographical, equal to 5212 English miles. North America is traversed by two great chains, and several minor Mountains ranges of mountains. The Appalachian or Alleghany mountains, extend through the United States from NE. to^SW. from the state of New York to Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, with a mean width of about 50 miles. Several detached ranges or groups rise NE. off the Hudson, and SE. off the St. Lawrence. The Masserne, or Ozark mountains, extend from the centre of the state of Missouri towards Texas, in a direction nearly parallel to the Appa lachian chain. The length of the Appalachian is about 900 miles, with a mean elevation of from 1,200 to 2,000 feet. The extent of the Masserne chain, is not very accurately known, but must exceed 600 miles ; its mean height can not, in the present state of geographical knowledge, be estimated with any ap proximate degree of accuracy. The great spine of North America, is the Chip- pewan, Rocky, or as it is termed in Mexico, that of Anahuac. This immense chain reaches from the peninsula of Tehuantepec, N. lat. 16, to the Frozen Ocean at N. lat. 68, or through upwards of 50 degrees of latitude ; encircling nearly one-seventh part of the globe. In neither the Appalachian, or Masserne chains, nor in< any of their neighboring groups, have any active or extinct vol canoes been discovered ; but in the southern part of the great central chain, an immense range of volcanoes or volcanic summits rise to from 10,000 to 17,700 feet. It is generally supposed that the mountains of the isthmus of Darien, are continuations of the chain of Anahuac ; but there is strong reason to believe, that the former are distinct and unconnected with the latter. A nameless range skirts along the Pacific Ocean, which, from the defective surveys yet taken, cannot be very distinctly delineated. That part of North America west of the Chippewan mountains, and north of Colorado river, except the central parts of the valley of Columbia, remains either imperfectly or entirely unknown. North America has five great systems of rivers ; that of the At lantic Ocean ; that of the Gulf of Mexico ; that of the Frozen Ocean ; that of Hudson's Bay ; and that of the Pacific Ocean. In the Atlantic system, the principal rivers are, St. Johns of Florida, Altamaha, Savannah, Santee, Pedee, Cape Fear, Roanoke, James, Potomac, Susquehanna, Delaware, Hudson, Connecticut, Kenebec, Penobscot, St. John's of New Brunswick, and St. Law rence. In the system of Hudson's Bay are included, besides many streams of lesser note, Rupert's, Albany, Severn, and Sashasshawin rivers. Into the North ern Ocean, M'Kenzie's river is the only stream of considerable magnitude yet known, to enter from the continent of North America. The rivers of the cen tral valley of North America, are discharged into the Gulf of Mexico, amongst which the Mississippi presents its overwhelming flood ; but besides that vast river, the Appalachicola, Mobile, Colorado of the Gulf of Mexico, Rio Grande del Norte, and several others, are streams of great magnitude. The Santiago, Hiaqui, the Colorado of the gulf of California, and the Columbia, are the only 6 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF extensive rivers, the courses of which are correctly known, which enter the Pacific Ocean from the continent of North America. North America comprises three great divisions ; 1st, British Amer ica, in the north ; 2d, the United States, in the middle ; and 3d, Mexico and Guatimala, or Central America, in the south : in addition to these, Greenland, in the north-east, belongs to Denmark ; and there are Russian pos sessions in the north-west. The most important islands are Newfoundland, Cape Breton, St. John's, Rhode Island, Long Island, and the Bermudas, on the east ern coast ; Queen Charlotte's Island, Quadra and Vancouver's Island, King George's Island, and the Fox Islands, on the western coast. Bays, Gulfs, The five largest Bays, or Gulfs, are Baffin's and Hudson's bays ; and Lakes.' an( j the gulfs of St. Lawrence, Mexico, and California. The Lakes of North America are the largest collections of fresh water in the world. Some of the principal ones are lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario, Win nipeg, Athapescow, Slave Lake, and Great Bear Lake. The largest of these great lakes is lake Superior, which is 490 miles in length, and is as much af fected by storms as the ocean. It is remarkable for the transparency of its waters, and abounds in fish. The Pictured Rocks, on the south side of lake Superior, are a range of precipitous cliffs, rising to the height of 300 feet, and are regarded as a great curiosity. The inhabitants may be divided into three classes Whites, Ne groes, and Indians. The whites are descendants of Europeans, who have migrated to America since its discovery. The negroes are mostly held in slavery, and are descendants of Africans forced from their native country. The Indians are the aborigines of the country, and generally savage. They are of a copper complexion, fierce aspect, ^ tall, straight, athletic, and capable of enduring great fatigue. They are hospitable and generous, faithful in their friendship, but implacable in their resentments. Their common occupations are hunting, fishing, and war. At the time of the discovery of America, the natives, in some parts, particularly in Mexico and Peru, were considerably advanced in civilization. For the most part, they con tinue a distinct people, and retain their savage customs ; but in some instances they have mingled with the white population. In North America, they possess almost all the country, except the southern and eastern parts ; that is, the north ern part of Mexico, most of the territory of the United States which lies west of the Mississippi, and nearly all the vast regions which lie north of the United States' territory, and west of the St. Lawrence. customs The following account is mostly taken from the American Ency- and Dispo- clopedia : When the Europeans first arrived in America, they N! American* found the Indians quite naked, except those parts which even the Indians. most uncultivated people usually conceal. Since that time, however, they generally use a coarse blanket, which they buy of the neighboring planters. g Their huts, or cabins, are made of stakes of wood driven into the ground, and covered with branches of trees or reeds. They lie on the floor, either on mats or the skins of wild beasts. Their dishes are of timber ; but their spoons are made of the skulls of wild oxen, and their knives of flint. A kettle and a large plate constitute almost the whole utensils of the family. Cartwright assures us, that in Labrador, he-met with a family of na tives who were living in a cavern hollowed out of the snow. This extraordi nary habitation was seven feet high, ten or'twelve in diameter, and was shaped like an oven. A large piece of ice served as a door. A lamp lighted the in side, in which the inhabitants were lying on skins. At a short distance was a kitchen, likewise constructed of snow. They describe a circle on the frozen *now, and cutting it into segments with their knives, build it up with great reg- NORTH AMERICA. 7 ularity, till the blocks of snow meet at the top, and constitute a graceful dome. Captain Parry says their huts are numerous in many parts of Melville Islands, in latitude 74 N., and that he saw many of the natives in the islands of the Archipelago of Barrow's Straits, though their timidity prevented any inter course. These polar men are little, squat, and feeble ; their complexion par takes less of a copper hue, than of a reddish and dirty yellow. There is established in each society a certain species of govern- Form of ment, which prevails over the whole continent of America, with ex- Gov emment. ceeding little variation; because over. the whole of this continent the manners ancjl way of life are nearly similar and uniform. Without arts, riches, or lux ury, the great instruments of subjection in polished societies, an American has no method by which he can render himself considerable among his compan ions, but by superiority in personal qualities of body or mind. But, as nature has not been very lavish in her personal distinctions, where all enjoy the same education, all are pretty much on an equality, and will desire to remain so. Liberty, therefore, is the prevailing passion of the Americans ; and their gov ernment, under the influence of this sentiment, is, perhaps, better secured than by the wisest political regulations. They are very far, however, from despi sing all sort of authority : they are attentive to the voice of wisdom, which ex perience has conferred on the aged, and they enlist under the banners of the chief in whose valor and military address they have learned to repose a just and merited confidence. In every society, therefore, there is to be considered the power of the chiefs and of the elders. Among those tribes most engaged in war, the power of the chief is, naturally, predominant ; because the idea of having a military leader was the first source of his superiority, and the con tinual exigencies of the state requiring such a leader, will continue to support and even to enhance it. His power, however, is rather persuasive than coer cive ; he is reverenced as a father, rather than feared as a monarch. He has no guards, no prisons, no officers of justice, and one act of ill-judged violence would pull him from his humble throne. The elders in the other form of gov ernment, which may be considered as a mild and nominal aristocracy, have no more power. In most countries, therefore, age alone is sufficient for acquiring respect, influence, and authority. It is age which teaches experience, and ex perience is the only source of knowledge among a savage people. Among the different tribes, business is conducted with the utmost public AS- simplicity, and which may recall, to those who are acquainted with sembUes. antiquity, a picture of the most early ages. The heads of families meet to gether in a house or cabin appointed for the purpose. Here the business is dis cussed ; and here those of the nation, distinguished for their eloquence or wis dom, have an opportunity of displaying those talents. Their orators, like those of Homer, express themselves in a bold figurative style, stronger than refined, or rather softened, nations can well bear, and with gestures equally violent, but often extremely natural and expressive. When the business is over, and they happen to be well provided with food, they appoint a feast upon the occasion, of which almost the whole nation partakes. The feast is accompanied with a song, in which the real or fabulous exploits of their forefathers are celebrated. They have dances likewise, though, like those of the Greeks and Romans, they are chiefly of the military kind; and their music and dancing accompany every feast. To assist their memory, they have belts of small shells, or beads . wampum, of different colors, each representing a different object, which is or belto - . marked by their color and arrangement. At the conclusion of every subject on which they discourse, when they treat with a foreign state,- they deliver one of those belts ; for if this ceremony should be omitted, all that they have said passes for nothing. These belts are carefully deposited in each town, as th 8 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF public records of the nation ; and to them they occasionally have recourse, when any public contest happens with a neighboring tribe. If we except hunting and fishing, war is the principal employ- ars ' ment of the Indian men : almost every other concern, but in partic ular the little agriculture which they enjoy, is consigned to the women. The most common motive of the Americans for entering into war, when it does not arise from an accidental rencounter or interference, is either to revenge them selves for the death of some lost friend, or to acquire prisoners, who may assist them in their hunting, and whom they adopt into their society. These wars are either undertaken by some private adventurers, or at the instance of the whole community. In the latter case, all the young men who are disposed to go out to battle (for no one is compelled contrary to his inclination), give a bit of wood to the chief, as a token of their design to accompany him ; for every thing among these people is transacted with a great deal of ceremony and with many forms. The chief, who is to conduct them, fasts several days, during teforeretting which time he converses with no one, and is particularly careful to out - observe his dreams ; which the presumption natural to savages gen erally renders as favorable as he could desire. A variety of other superstitions and ceremonies are observed. One of the most hideous is setting the war kettle on the fire, as an emblem that they are going out to devour their enemies ; which among these nations, it is probable, was formerly the ease, since they still con tinue to express it in clear terms, and use an emblem significant of the ancient usage. Then, they dispatch a porcelain, or large shell, to their allies, inviting them to come along, and drink the blood of their enemies. They think that those in their alliance must not only adopt their enmities, but that they must also have their resentments wound up to the same pitch with themselves : and indeed no people carry their friendships or their resentments so far as they do. Having finished all the ceremonies previous to the war, and the day ap pointed for their setting out on the expedition being arrived, they take leave of their friends, and exchange their clothes, or whatever movables they have, in token of mutual friendship ; after which they proceed from the town, their wives and female relations walking before, and attending them to some distance. The warriors march all dressed in their finest apparel, and most showy orna ments, without any order. The chief walks slowly before them, singing the war-song, while the rest observe the most profound silence. When they come up to their women, they deliver them all their finery, and putting on their worst clothes, proceed on their expedition. Quickness of The great qualities of an Indian war are vigilance and attention, their senses. ^ gj ve an( j av oid surprise ; and, indeed, in these they are superior to all nations in the world. Accustomed to continual wandering in the forest ; having their perceptions sharpened by keen necessity, and living, .in every re spect, according to nature, their external senses have a degree of acuteness, which, at first view, appears incredible. They can trace out their enemies, at an immense distance, by the smoke of their fires, which they smell, and by the tracks of their feet upon the ground, imperceptible to an European eye, but which they can count, and distinguish, with the utmost facility. It is said, they can even distinguish the different nations with whom they are acquainted, and can determine the precise time when they passed, where an European could not, with all his glasses, distinguish footsteps at all. These circumstances, however, are of less importance, because their savage enemies are equally well acquainted with them. Vigilance When they go out, therefore, they take care to avoid making use and circum- of any thing by which they might run the danger of a discovery. spection. They lighted no fires to warm themselves, or to prepare victuals : they lie close to the ground all day, and travel only in the night ; and marching NORTH AMERICA. 9 along in files, he that closes the rear, diligently covers with leaves the tracks of his own feet, and of theirs who preceded him. When they halt to refresh themselves, scouts are sent out to reconnoitre the country, and beat up every place where they suspect an enemy to lie concealed. In this manner they enter, unawares, the villages of their foes ; and while the flower of the nation are en gaged in hunting, massacre all the children, women, and helpless old men ; or make prisoners of as many as they can manage, or have strength enough to be useful to their nation. But when the enemy is apprized of their design, and comes on in arms against them, they throw themselves flat on the ground among the withered herbs and leaves, which their faces are painted to resemble, They then allow a part to pass unmolested, when, all at once, with a tremen dous shout, rising up from their' ambush, they pour a storm of musket-balls, or arrows, on their foes. The party attacked returns the same cry. Manner of Every one shelters himself with a tree, and returns the fire of the fi htin g- adverse party, as soon as they raise themselves from the ground to give a second fire. Thus does the battle continue until one party is so much weak ened as to be incapable of farther resistance. In their battles death appears in a thousand hideous forms, which would congeal the blood of civilized nations to behold, but which rouses the fury of savages. They trample, they insult, over the dead bodies, and tear the scalp from the head. The flame rages on till it meets with no resistance ; then the prisoners are secured, those unhappy men whose fate is a thousand times rn.ore dreadful than theirs who have died in the field. The conquerors set up a hideous howling, to lament the friends they have lost. They approach, in a melancholy and severe gloom, to their own village ; a messenger is sent to announce their arrival, and the women, with frightful shrieks, come out to mourn their dead brothers, or their hus bands. When they are arrived, the chief relates in a low voice, to the elders, a circumstantial account of every particular of the expedition. The orator pro claims aloud this account to the people ; and as he mentions the names of those who have fallen, the shrieks of the women are redoubled. The men, too, join in these cries, according as each is most connected with the deceased by blood or friendship. The last ceremony is the proclamation of the victory ; each in dividual then forgets his private misfortunes, and joins in the triumphs of his nation ; all tears are wiped from their eyes, and by an unaccountable transi tion, they pass, in a moment, from the bitterness of sorrow, to an extrava gance of joy. But the treatment of their prisoners, whose fate all this time re mains undecided, is what chiefly characterizes the savages. The person who has taken the captive attends him to the cottage, where, according to the distribution made by the elders, he is to be of their pris- delivered to supply the loss of a citizen. If those who receive him oners> have their family weakened by war or other accidents, they adopt the captive into the family, of which he becomes a member. But if they have no occasion for him, or their resentment for the loss of their friends be too high to endure the sight of one connected with those who were concerned in it, they sentence him to death. All those who have met with the same severe sentence being collected, the whole nation is assembled at the execution, as for some great solemnity. A scaffold is erected, and the prisoners are tied to the stake, where they commence their death-song, and prepare for the ensuing scene of cruelty with the most undaunted courage. Their enemies, on the other side, are deter mined to put it to the proof, by the most refined and exquisite tortures. They begin at the extremity of his body, and gradually approach the more shocking vital parts. One plucks out his nails by the roots, one by one ; an- tortures - other takes a finger into his mouth, and tears off the flesh with his teeth ; a third thrusts the finger, mangled as it is, into the bowl of his pipe made red-hot, which he smokes like tobacco ; then they pound his toes and fingers to pieces between two stones ; they cut circles about his joints, and gashes in the fleshy B 10 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF parts of his limbs, which they sear immediately with red-hot irons, cutting, burning, and pinching them, alternately ; they will pull off his flesh thus man- <*led and roasted, bit by bit, devouring it with greediness, and smearing their faces with the blood, ih an enthusiasm of horror and fury. When they have thus torn off the flesh, they twist the bare nerves and tendons about an iron, tearino- and snapping them, whilst others are employed in pulling and extend ing his limbs in every way that can increase the torment. This continues often five or six hours ; and sometimes, such is the strength of the savages, days together. Then they frequently unbind him, to give a breathing to their fury, to think what new torments they shall inflict, and to refresh the strength of the sufferer, who, wearied out with such a variety of unheard-of cruelties, often falls into such a profound sleep, that they are obliged to apply the fire to awake him, and renew his sufferings. He is again fastened to the stake, and again they renew their cruelty ; they stick him all over with small matches of wood that easily take fire, but burn slowly ; they continually run sharp reeds into all parts of his body ; they drag out his teeth with pincers, and thrust out his eyes ; and lastly, after having burned his flesh from the bones with slow fires ; after having so mangled the body that it is all but one wound ; after having mutilated his face in such a manner as to carry nothing human in it ; after having peeled the skin from the head, and poured a heap of red-hot coals or boiling water upon the naked skull, they once more unbind the wretch ; who, blind, and staggering with pain and weakness, assaulted and pelted on every side with clubs and stones, now up, now down, falling into their fires at every step, runs hither and thither, until one of the chiefs, whether out of compassion, or weary of cruelty, puts an end to his life with a club or dagger. The body is then put into a kettle, and this barbarous custom is succeeded by a feast as barbarous. The women are said to surpass even the men in this scene of hor ror : while the principal persons of the country sit round the stake, smdking and looking on, without the least emotion. constancy of What is the most extraordinary, the sufferer himself, in the little the sufferers, intervals of his torments, smokes too, appears unconcerned, and con verses with his torturers about indifferent matters. Indeed, during the whole time of his execution, there seems a contest which shall exceed, they in inflict ing the most horrid pains, or he in enduring them with a firmness and con stancy almost above human : not a groan, not a sigh, not a distortion of coun tenance escapes him : he-possesses his mind entirely in the midst of his torments : he recounts his own exploits : he informs them what cruelties he has inflicted on their countrymen ; and threatens them 'with the revenge that will attend his death ; and, though his reproaches exasperate them to a perfect madness of rage and fury, he continues his insults even of their ignorance of the art of tormenting, pointing out himself more exquisite methods, and more sensible parts of the body to be afflicted. Friendshi Nothing can exceed the warmth of their affection towards their friends, who consist of all those who live in the same village, or are in alliance with it. Their friendship principally appears by the treatment of their dead. Where any one of the society is cut off, he is lamented by the whole : on this occasion a variety of ceremonies is practised, denoting the most lively sorrow. No business is transacted, however pressing, till all the pious Treatment ceremonies due to the dead are performed. The body is washed, of theirdead anointed, and painted. Then the women lament the loss with hideous howlings, intermixed with songs which celebrate the great actions of the deceased and his ancestors. The men mourn also, though in a less extravagant manner. The whole village is-present at the interment, and the corpse is habited in their most sumptuous ornaments. Close to the body of the deceased are placed his bows and arrows, with whatever he valued most in his life, and a quantity of provision for his subsistence on the journey which he is NORTH AMERICA. 11 supposed to take. This solemnity, like every other, is attended with feasting. The funeral being ended, the relations of the deceased confine themselves to their huts, for a considerable time, to indulge their grief. After an interval of some weeks, they visit the grave, repeat their sorrow, new-clothe the remains of the body, and act over again all the solemnities of the funeral. To such extremes do the Indians push their friendship or their enmity ; and such indeed, in general, is the character of all strong and uncultivated minds. Religion is not the prevailing character of Indians ; and except Their reii- when they have some immediate occasion for the assistance of their gion> gods, they pay them no. sort of worship. Like all other rude nations, however they are strongly addicted to superstition. They believe in the existence of a number of good and bad spirits, who interfere in the concerns of mortals, and produce all our happiness or misery. It is from the evil spirits, in particular- that our diseases, they imagine, proceed ; and it is to the good spirits we are indebted for a cure. Such, in general, are the customs and manners of the Indian nation ; but almost every tribe has something peculiar to itself. A Condensed Statement of the Expenditure of the Florida War and Indian Depart ment, showing how much each has cost yearly for the last Five Years; taken from the Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury. ( Florida War, .... $3,946,443 j Indian Department, . . . 1,962,087 $5,908,530 Ifi o 7 j Florida War, .... 4,393,693 ( Indian Department, . . . 3,326,053 7,719,746 lft ~ s $ Florida War, .... 5,124,356 \ Indian Department, . . ". ' 3,382,500 7,506,856 1R o q J Florida War, .... 1,254,357 \ Indian Department, . . : 2,078,083 3,282,440 , R , n J Florida War, .... 994,745 ) Indian Department, . . . 1,332,064 2,326,809 Total, . . . . $26,744,381 The climate of North America is various ; that part lying north of latitude 50, is a cold, barren, and desolate region. The part between 30 and 50 is subject to extremes of heat and colct. South of latitude '30 the climate is warm, producing the principal tropical fruits in abundance. UNITED .STATES GENERAL DESCRIPTION. THE territory of the United States embraces the middle division of North America, extending from the Atlantic ocean on the east to the Pacific on the west. Its extreme length from the Pacific ocean to Passamaquoddy Extent and Bay, is 3,000 miles ; its greatest breadth, from the southern point boundaries, of Florida, to the Lake of the .Woods, is estimated to be 1 ,700 miles. &c - On the north-east, a conventional line divides it from New Brunswick, extend ing from Passamaquoddy Bay northward to the 48th parallel, embracing the head waters of the river St. John. From this extreme northern point, the boundary line passes along the ridge of mountains south-westward to the 45th parallel, and then along this parallel till it strikes the St. Lawrence, 120 miles tSJ GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF below Lake Ontario. It then follows the river and chain of lakes, Ontario, Erie, St. Clair, Huron, and Superior, proceeding from the last by the course of the river La Pluie, or Rainy River, to the Lake of the Woods, from which it passes along the 49th parallel to the Rocky Mountains. On the west of the mountains, the Americans have an unquestioned claim to the country from the 42d to the 54th parallel. On the south, the United States are bounded by the Gulf of Mexico ; and on the south-west, the boundary ex tends from the mouth of the river Sabine, in a north-west direction, to a point in the Rocky Mountains, in north latitude 42, and west longitude 108, from which it passes along the 42d parallel to the Pacific ocean. Two great chains of mountains traverse the territory of the United ins ' States, in a direction approaching to south and north : the Allegha- ny on the east, and the Rocky -Mountains on the west. They divide the country into an eastern, a western, and a middle division, the latter comprising the great basin or valley of the Mississippi. For a particular description of the mountains, see the article Alleghany, &c. Lakes and The two largest lakes wholly within the United States are Michigan rivers. an( j Champlain. Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, lie one half in this country, and one half in Upper Canada. The United States contain many large and navigable rivers ; some of the principal of which are the Connecticut, Hudson, Delaware, Potomac, James, Savannah, Ohio, Tennessee, Mississippi, Arkansas, Red River, and the Oregon or Columbia. A particular description of the lakes and rivers will be found under their respective heads. The climate of the United States is remarkably inconstant and variable. It passes rapidly from the frosts of Norway to the scorch ing heats of Africa, and from the humidity of Holland to the drought of Cas tile. A change of 20 or 25 degrees of Fahrenheit, in one day, is not consid ered extraordinary. Even the Indians complain of the sudden variations of temperature. In sweeping over a vast frozen surface, the north-west wind ac quires an extreme degree of cold and dryness, and operates very injuriously on the human frame. The south-east, on the other hand, produces on the At lantic coast effects similar to those of the sirocco. The south-west has the same influence in the plains to the east of the Alleghanies : when it blows, the heat frequently becomes painful and suffocating. In the mountains, however,, where the summer heat is moderate, even in the southern states, the fresh and blooming complexion of young persons, is a proof of the purity and salubrity of the atmosphere. The same ruddy complexion prevails in New England and in the interior of Pennsylvania ; but the pale countenances of the inhabitants of all the low country, from New York to Florida, reminds a stranger of the Creoles in the West India Islands. In this region malignant fevers are preva lent in September and October. The countries situated to the west of the Allegha- nies are in general more temperate anil healthful. The south-west wind there brings rain, while the same effect is produced on the other side of the moun tains by the north-east wind. But the north-east wind, which covers the At lantic coast with thick fogs, is dry and elastic on the banks of the Ohio. When we compare the climate on the opposite sides of the Atlantic, we find that the extremes of temperature are greater, and that the winter's cold is more severe on the west side than on the east. The mean temperature of the year, accord ing to Humboldt, is 9 degrees (Fahr.) lower at Philadelphia than in the corre sponding latitudes on the coast of Europe. The mouth of the Delaware is gen erally shut by ice for six or eight weeks, and that of the St. Lawrence for five months in the year. Throughout the United States, the rains are sudden and heavy, and the dews extremely copious. Storms of thunder and lightning are also much more common and formidable than in Europe. THE UNITED STATES. 13 A general Land Office exists at Washington, which is vested Public Land*, exclusively with the power of contracting with the Indians for the sale f- sale of their lands. The business of the Land Office is the survey and sale of the public lands. These lands are purchased of the Indians by treaty with the government of the United States. Private individuals are not allowed to have any transactions of this description with the natives ; and the law has been rigorously observed. Sub Land Offices are established at the follow ing places : Ohio, Stubenville, Marietta, Cincinnati, Chillicothe, Zanesville, Wooster, Piqua, Tiffin. Indiana, Jefferson ville, Vincennes, Indianapolis, Craw- fordsville, Fort Wayne. Illinois, Kaskaskia, Shawneetown, Edwardsville, Vandalia, Palestine, Springfield. Michigan Territory, Detroit, Monroe. Mis souri, St. Louis, Franklin, Cape Girardeau, Lexington, Palmyra. Arkansas Territory, Batesville, Little Rock. Louisiana, Ouachita, Opelousas, New Or leans, St. Helena C. H. Mississippi, Washington, Augusta, Mount Salusu Alabama, St. Stephens, Huntsville, Tuscaloosa, Cahawba, Sparta. Florida Territory, Tallahasse, St. Augustine. The aggregate of all the unsold and unappropriated public lands of the United States, surveyed and unsurveyed, on which the Indian title remains or has been extinguished, lying within, and without the boundaries of the new states and territories, according to a report made to congress is estimated at 1,000,000,000 acres. The lands are surveyed and set off into townships of six miles square, each of which is divided into thirty-six sections, of one mile square, or 640 acres. The dividing lines run in the direction of the cardinal points, crossing one another at right angles. One section, or one thirty-sixth part of every township, is allotted for the support of schools, and in the coun try west of the Alleghanies, seven entire townships have been given, in perpe tuity, for the endowment of superior seminaries of learning. The lands are offered to pubHc sale, in quarter sections, of 160 acres, at the minimum price of one and one fourth dollar per acre, and whatever remains unsold, may be purchased privately at this price. Formerly, the minimum price was two dol lars per acre, payable in four years, by four instalments ; but by act of con gress, in 1821, it was fixed at one and one fourth dollar ready money. This new. regulation was adopted to discourage the practice of speculating hi land, and to lessen the litigation arising out of protracted payments. The title deed is printed on a small sheet of parchment, with the date ; the purchaser's name, and the topographical situation of the ground, are inserted in writing. It is subscribed by the president of the United States and the agent of the Land Office, and delivered without charge to the purchase^ who may transfer the property to another person by a process equally cheap and simple. In a country having so many varieties of soil and climate as the Agricultural United States, there is necessarily a considerable diversity in the P rodu ctions. agricultural productions. Maize, or Indian corn, is cultivated in all parts of the country, but succeeds best in the middle states. Wheat is also raised in all parts of the country, but thrives best in the middle and western states. Th$ cultivation of tobacco begins in Maryland and Virginia. Cotton grows as far north as 39, but its cultivation is not profitable beyond the latitude of 37. This useful plant was first raised for exportation only in 1791. It is now pro duced in immense quantities from the river Roanoke to the Mississippi, and forms the leading export of the United States. The best grows upon dry situ ations in Carolina and Georgia, on the sea-coast The rice crops, which re quire great heat, and a soil susceptible of irrigation, commence about the same parallel, and have nearly the same geographical range. The sugar cane grows in low and warm situations, as high as latitude 33; but the climate favorable to its cultivation does not extend beyond 31 . Oats, rye, and barley, are raised in all the northern and middle states : in the western states wheat, hemp, 14 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF and flax are the staple productions. In addition to the above, buckwheat, peas, beans, potatoes, turnips, &c. ; apples, pears, cherries, .peaches, grapes, cur- rants, gooseberries, plums, &c., are extensively cultivated in various parts of the country. Table, showing the estimated quantities of different articles produced on an acre, in the principal parts of tJie United States. Explanations, g. c. good crop, c. c. common crop. AVERAGE BUSHEL PER ACRE. 1 1 & P3 > | | i i g 1 Buckwheat. e* 1 jj g New England - g. c. c. c. 30 11 35 15 40 20 45 30 45 30 30 15 400 150 450 200 New York - - g, c. c. c. 32 10 35 12 40 14 45 25 45 25 35 16 300 90 35Q 100 Pennsylvania - g. c. c. c. 35 10 35 12 40 13 45 15 45 15 35 16 300 65 350 75 New Jersey - - g. c. c. c. 30 9 30 11 35 12 35 14 35 14 30 15 250 60 250 65 Delaware - - g. c. c. c. 35 10 35 12 34 13 56 15 36 15 30 16 250 65 250 65 Virginia - - - g. c. c. c. 30 7 35 9 35 9 45 25 45 25 30 15 150 60 150 75 Carolina - - - g. c. c. c. 25 6 20 10 25 8 45 23 45 23 20 15 60 50 75 50 Western States g. c; c. c. 40 25 45 25 45 36 45 37 45 37 35 40 350 200 400 300 Louisiana - - g. c. '40 40 40 '40 40 25 200 350 Gold is found extensively in the upper country of North Carolina, and in some few points in the adjacent parts of Virginia, South Car olina, and in Georgia. It is found in alluvial deposits, and has been lately wrought to considerable extent. Some of the ores of iron are found in almost ever}* state ; and mines of this metal are worked in New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island, New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and North Carolina. The United States are supplied with copper chiefly from Mexico and other foreign countries, but ores of this metal exist in most of the states, and in the north-west territory are said to be in great abundance, in situations easy of access. Lead is chiefly procured from Missouri, where for ty-five mines are worked, and yield three millions of pounds annually. Of coal there is a large field twenty miles long by ten broad, twelve miles from Richmond, which has been long worked. This useful mineral is also found at various places, in New England, New York, and Pennsylvania. But the most abundant supply is on the west side of the Alleghanies, where a coal formation, one of the largest in the world, extends, with some interruption, from the west ern foot of the mountains across the Mississippi. Salt is chiefly obtained from the sea, or imported in the eastern states ; but salt springs abound in various parts of the United States, particularly in the valley of the Mississippi, from the Alleghanies to the Rocky Mountains ; and in some situations on the western side of the valley, plains occur of many miles in circuit, which are periodically covered with a thick crust of salt. The salt springs, at Salina, in New York, are extensively worked, and vast quantities of salt are made from them annually THE UNITED STATES. 15 The legislative power in the United States is separated into two Legislative branches, the state governments, and the federal government: the P w e r - government is therefore two-fold. To the state governments is committed that branch which relates to the regulation of internal concerns. These bodies make and alter the laws which regard property and private rights, regulate the police, appoint the judges and civil officers, impose taxes for state purposes, and exercise all other rights and powers not vested in the federal go vernment by positive enactment. To the federal government belongs the pow er of making peace and war with foreign nations, raising and supporting an army and navy, fixing the organization of the militia, imposing taxes for the common defence or benefit of the Union, borrowing money, coining money, and fixing the standard of weights and measures, establishing post offices and post roads, granting patents for inventions, and exclusive copyrights to authors, regulating commerce with foreign nations, establishing uniform bankrupt laws, and a uniform rule of naturalization, and lastly, the federal tribunals judge of felonies and piracies committed on the high seas, of offences against the law of nations, and of questions between the citizens of different states. No country in the world enjoys a more free and equitable system of govern ment. All power originates with the people, who are governed by laws which are enacted by men of their own choice. The Constitution secures to the citizens the grand principles of freedom, liberty of conscience in matters of religion, liberty of the press, trial by jury y and the right of choosing and being chosen to office. The executive power, which is the power that administers the government, is vested in a president, who, together with the vice president, is chosen for four years by electors from all the states. The principal subordinate officers, in the executive department, are the secretaries of state, of the treasury, of war, and of the navy. The president is commander-in-chief of the army and. navy, and of the militia when in active service. He grants reprieves and par dons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. With the advice and consent of the senate, he makes treaties, nominates am bassadors, consuls, judges : and he appoints several other officers by his own authority. He must be a native born citizen, and not under thirty-five years of age. For a more full account of the power and duties of the president, the quali fications necessary for senators and representatives in congress, see Constitu tion of the United States. Senators and representatives in Congress receive an allowance of eight dol lars per day for the time they attend the session of congress, and eight dollars of travelling charges, for every twenty miles they have to travel in going and returning. Members of congress take an oath to support the constitution, but no religious test is required from them, or any person holding office under the federal government. Senators and representatives vacate their places, if they accept of an office under the federal government, and are not re-eligible while they hold it. The forms of business in congress are chiefly borrowed from those of the British parliament. Bills are read three times, and in a certain stage sent to committees ; but what is deemed a great improvement in congress, there are a large number of committees appointed in the House of Representatives, at the commencement of each session, viz. for commerce, finance, foreign affairs, &c. The federal judiciary consists of a supreme court, which sits at Washington, and a district court in each state, in which one judge sits. In the supreme court, there is a chief judge and six associate judges, who hold their office during good behavior. This court has original jurisdiction in all cases affecting ambassadors and consuls, and those in which a state is a 16 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF party. It has appellate jurisdiction in all cases arising under the federal con stitution, in all admiralty cases, in controversies between two states, or two citizens of different states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states or subjects. The supreme court, deriving its power from the constitution, exercises a power not enjoyed by the inferior courts. The federal judges are appointed by the executive, with the approbation of the senate. In this and other federal courts, jurors and witnesses are allowed one dollar twenty-five cents per day, and five cents a mile for travelling expenses, state govern- The state governments are extremely similar to that of the fede- ments. ra j j n their composition. The legislature consists always .of two branches, both of which are returned by the same electors ; and these electors may be said to comprise the whole adult white population ; the usual qualifica tions being citizenship, with one or two years' residence, and payment of taxes. The only exception's are the following : In Vermont, the legislature consists of a House of Representatives only; in North Carolina, representatives are chosen by the whole resident free citizens who pay taxes, but senators only by freeholders ; in New Jersey and Virginia, the right of suffrage for both houses is limited to persons holding a small amount of landed property ; in Maryland, the senators are chosen by delegates named for the purpose by the people. In all the states, the period for which the representatives serve is either one or two years. The elections are biennial in Delaware, South Carolina, Ten nessee, Louisiana, Illinois, and Missouri; and annual in the other eighteen states* The shortest period for which the senators serve in any state is one year, and the longest Jfoe. In Maine, New-Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New- Jersey, North Carolina, Georgia, the senators hold their office for one year only ; in Ohio and Tennessee for two years ; Mississippi, Alabama, Indiana, for three years ; in New-York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, South Carolina, Kentucky, Louisiana, Illinois, Missouri, for four years ; and in Maryland for five years. Except in Maryland, when the senate of any state serves for more than one year, it is renewed by parts or divisions, one-third of the members going out annually when they serve for three years, and one-fourth when they serve for four. In some cases, however, when the senators serve for four years, the renewal is by halves every two years. Rdjgious I* 1 Pennsylvania, Mississippi, and Tennessee, a belief in a Deity, qualifications and in a future state of rewards and punishments ; and in Massachu setts, Maryland, and North Carolina, a belief in the Christian reli gion, is required as a qualification for office. In New-Jersey no protestant can be excluded. In the other states no religious test is required. Such is a brief sketch of the political system of the United States, " It has survived the tender period of infancy, and outlived the prophecies of its down fall. It has borne the nation triumphantly through a period of domestic diffi culty and external danger ; it has been found serviceable in peace and in war, and may well claim from the nation it has saved and honored, the votive bene diction of esto perpetua." Revenue e ex P enses ^ ^ e government are maintained without any. direct taxes for its support ; the produce of the customs levied at the ports on the importation of foreign goods, and the sums derived from the sale of the public lands, constitute the whole of the public revenue. The average produce of the customs may be estimated at from 16 to 18 millions of dollars, and the sum derived from the sale of public lands in 1833, was 4,900,000 ; in 1834, 6,000,000 ; in 1835, 16,000,000 ; in 1836, 25,000,000; in 1837, 7,000,000; in 1838, 4,000,000; in 1839, 6,000,000; and in 1840, 3,000,000 of dollars. The Post-Office yields over a million of dollars a-year ; but it Post-office. j g a i most W h lly consumed in supporting the establishment. THE UNITED STATES. 17 RATES OF POSTAGE. For single Letters, composed of one piece of paper. No. of Miles. 30 . 80 . 150 Cents. 6 10 124 Any distance not exceeding ... Over 30, and not exceeding Over 80, do Over 150, do - Over 400, 25 ' Double Letters, or those composed of two pieces of paper, are charged with double those rates. Triple Letters, or those composed of three pieces of paper, are charged with triple those rates. Quadruple Letters, or those composed of four pieces of paper, are charged with quadruple those rates. All Letters, weighing one ounce avoirdupois, or more, are charged at the rate of single postage for each quarter of an ounce, or quadruple postage for each ounce, according to their weight ; and no letter can be charged with more than quadruple postage, unless its weight exceeds one ounce avoirdupois. Newspaper Postage. For each newspaper, not carried out of the state in which it is published ; or if carried out of the state, but not carried over 100 miles, 1 cent. Over 100 miles, and out of the state in which it is published, l cents. Magazines and Pamphlets. If published periodically, distance not exceeding 100 miles, 1| cts. per sheet. Ditto do. over 100 miles, - - - 2| do. If not published periodically, distance not exceeding 100 miles, 4 do. Ditto do. over 100 miles - - 6 do. Small pamphlets, containing not more than a half sheet royal, are charged with half those rates. Eight pages quarto are rated as one sheet, and all other sizes in the same proportion. The number of sheets which it contains, must be printed or written on one of the outer pages of every pamphlet or magazine sent by mail. Every thing not coming under the denomination of newspapers or pamphlets, is charged with letter postage. 75; Extent of Post-roads in miles 1,875. 903; Do. do. do. 20,817. 2,300; Do. do. do. 36,406. 4,500; Do. do. do. 72,492 8,450; Do. do. do. 115,176. 13,468; Do. do. do. 155,739. Post-offices in 1790, Do. do. 1800, Do. do. 1810, Do. do. 1820, Do. do. 1830, Do. do. 1840, Statement of the Revenue and Expenditure of the Post-Office Department for the Tm Years ending the 30th of June, 1840. Year Ending Revenue. Expenditure. June 30, 1831, $1,997,811-54 $1,936,112-87 " 1832, 2,258,570-17 2,226,171-60 " 1833, 2,617,011-88 2,930,414-87 " 1834, 2,823,749-34 2,910,605-08 " 1835, 2,993,356-66 2,757,350-08 " 1836, 3,408,323-59 2,841,766-36 " 1837, 4,100,605-43 3,303,428-03 " 1838, 4,235,077-97 4,621,837-16 " 1839, 4,477,614-04 4,654,718-42 " 184-0, 4,539,265-68 4,759,110-85 d War Dep'U Philadelphia, 1839 do. 1841 New York, 1841 NAVY YARDS. There are seven navy yards belonging to, and occupied for the use of, the United States, viz. No. 1. The navy yard at Portsmouth, N. H. is situated on an island, on the east side of Piscataqua river, within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, contains fifty-eight acres, and cost $5,500. No. 2. The navy yard at Charlestown, Mass., is situated on the north side of Charles river, on a point of land east of the town of Charlestown, contains thirty-four acres, exclusive of extensive flats, and cost $39,214, including com missions and charges. No. 3. The navy yard at New York, is situated on Long Island, opposite to the city of New York, on the Wallabout Bay, contains forty acres, including the mill-pond, and cost $40,000. No. 4. The navy yard at Philadelphia is situated on the west side of the river Delaware, within the District of Southwark, adjoining the city of Phila delphia, in the state of Pennsylvania, contains eleven acres, to low- water mark, and cost $37,000. No. 5. The navy yard at Washington, in the District of Columbia, is situated on the Eastern Branch of the river Potomac, contains thirty-seven acres, and cost $4,000. No. 6. The navy yard at Gosport is situated on the south branch of Eliza beth river, adjoining the town of Portsmouth, in the state of Virginia, contains sixteen acres, and cost $12,000. No. 7. Pensacola, Florida. Reii ion ^ was reserve d f r tne lawgivers of the United States to make the bold experiment of dispensing with a state-religion. In New Hamp shire the legislature is empowered to authorize, and in Massachusetts the legis lature is enjoined to require, the several towns and parishes to make adequate provision, at their own expense, for the support of Protestant ministers. The same was the case in Connecticut until 1818, when it was abolished by the new constitution. But in all the other twenty-two states, the support of religion is left entirely to the voluntary zeal of its professors. The result has shown that Christianity has a firm hold in the nature of man, and is rather injured than served by those costly establishments which so often abridge free inquiry and liberty of conscience, engender fierce animosities among rival sects, per petuate the errors and dogmas of unenlightened times, and degrade religion into an engine of civil tyranny, or the ally of ignorance and imposture. In the large towns and populous places of New England, and the middle states, reli gious instruction is more faithfully and abundantly dispensed, and religious ordi nances are more strictly and universally observed, than in any other country in the world. In newly-settled districts, where a small population is spread over a wide surface, the means of religious instruction are often deficient. THE UNITED STATES. 21 The most numerous sects, are Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Episcopali ans, Methodists, Baptists, Lutherans, Unitarians, and Quakers. Benevolent societies, and religious institutions of every kind, are Benevolent far more numerous than in Great Britain, in proportion to the popu- societies. iation : the following is a list of the principal : BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. NAME. FORMATION. Connecticut Missionary Society, ..... 1798 Philadelphia Bible Society, ...... 1808 American Board for Foreign Missions, ..... 1810 American Baptist Board for Foreign Missions, . . . 1814 American Tract Society, Boston, ..... 1814 American Education Society, . 1816 American Asylum for Deaf and Dumb, ..... 1816 American Bible Society, ...... 1816 Presbyterian British and American Education Society, . . . 1817 Board of Missions General Assembly, .. , . . 1818 Methodist Missionary Society, ...... 1819 Board of Education General Assembly, * ... 1819 American Colonization Society, . 1819 f)utch Reform Missionary Society, . 1822 American Sunday School Union, ...... 1824 Baptist General Tract Society, . * . . . 1824 Prison Discipline Society, 1825 Massachusetts Sunday School Union, . 1825 American Tract Society, . . . . .. 1825 American Temperance Society, . . . . 1826 American Home Mission Society, ; 1826 American Seamen's Friend Society, ..... 1826 Massachusetts Missionary Society, reorganized, . . . 1827 American Peace Society, ....... 1828 African Education Society, ...... 1830 PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON THE GENERAL VIEW OF THE UNITED STATES. 1. What are the length and breadth of the United States ? 2. What are the principal chains of mountains ? 3. What is the general direction of these mountains ? 4. How do these mountains divide the United States ? 5. Which division comprises tha great valley of the Mississippi ? 6. Which are the two largest lakes wholly within the United States ? 7. Mention those lakes which lie half in the United States and half in Upper Canada. 8. What are the principal rivers in the United States ? 9. What can you say of the climate ? 10. What is said of the south-west wind west of the Alleghanies? 1 1 . What is said of the mean temperature of the year at Philadelphia, com pared with the corresponding latitudes on the coast of Europe 1 12. How long are the mouths of the Delaware and St. Lawrence shut by ice in a year ? 1&. What is said of the rains and dews? 14. What of storms of thunder and lightning? 15. Mention the powers and duties vested in the general land-office at Washington. 22 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF 16. At what places are other land-offices established? 17. How are the public lands obtained ? 18. How are these lands surveyed and set off? 19. How much of each township is allotted for the support of schools ? 20. How much land, west of the Alleghanies, has been set apart for the endowment of superior seminaries of learning ? 21. What is the whole number of acres of public land in 1832? .22. In what manner, and at what price, are the public lands offered for sale? 23. In what manner are the title deeds executed ? 24. What part of the United States are adapted to the cultivation of tobacco-? 25. Cotton? 26. Rice? 27. Sugar? 28. In what section of the United States is gold found? 29. In what States are mines of iron ore worked? 30. From what country do the United States obtain copper ? 31. From what State is our lead chiefly obtained? 32. Mention in what States coal is found, and where is one of the largest formations in the world ? 33. How is salt chiefly obtained ? 34. Where do salt springs abound ? 35. What is said of the salt springs at Salina, in New York ? 36. Into how many branches is the legislative power of the United States separated, and what are they ? 37. What power is committed to the State governments? 38. What power belongs to the Federal Government, or Congress ? 39. What allowance do Senators and Representatives in Congress receive for their services ? 40. In what way do members of Congress vacate their places ? 41. In what does the Federal Judiciary consist? 42. How many Judges are there in the Supreme Court ? 43. What jurisdiction has this Court ? 44. What can you say of the State governments ? 45. How often do general elections, in the different States, occur ? 46. What is the shortest period for which the Senators serve in any of the States ? 47. What the longest ? 48. Name the States where they serve one year. 49. Where they serve two years. 50. Three years. 51. Where four, and where five years. 52. What religious qualification is necessary for office, in the different States? 53. From what is the public revenue derived ? 54. What is the average produce of the customs ? 55. What sum is annually derived from the sale of public lands ? 56. What is said of the Post Office establishment ? 57. State the rates of postage, &c. 58. What does the debt of the United States consist of? What the amount in 1832? 59. What is the amount of the standing army ? 60. Of what dees the militia of the United States consist? What the num. her of militia ? Which State has the greatest number of militia ? Which next I Which the third and fourth ? 61. How long are they bound to serve, when called into actual service? 62. What can you say of the navy of the United States ? 63. What is now the strength of the navy ? Where are the navy -yards of the United States ? 64. How is religion supported in the United States ? 65. Mention the benevolent societies of a national character. 66. Which of these has the greatest income ? 67. Which next ? Mention the others in the order of their income. THE UNITED STATES. STATISTICAL TABLES. 23 UNITED STATES. TABLE I. POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, Recording to Six Enumerations ; from the Official Revision. States. 1790. 1800. 1810. 1820. 1830. 1840. Maine, 96,540 151,719 228,705 298,335 399,955 501,793 N. Hampshire, 141,899 183,762 214,360 244,161 269,328 284,574 Vermont, 85,416 154,465 217,713 235,764 280,652 291,948 Massachusetts, 378,717 423,245 472,040 523,287 610,408 737,699 R. Island, 69,110 69,122 77,031 83,059 97,199 100,830 Connecticut, 238,141 251,002 262,042 275,202 297,665 308,978 New York, 340,120 586,756 959,949 1,372,812 1,918,608 2,428,921 New Jersey, 184,139 211,949 249,555 277,575 320,823 373,306 Pennsylvania, 434,373 602,365 810,091 1,049,458 1,348,233 1,724,035 Delaware, 59,098 64,273 72,674 72,749 76,748 78,085 Maryland, 319,728 341,548 380,546 407,350 447,040 469,232 Virginia, 748,308 880,200 974,622 1,065,379 1,211,405 1,239,797 N. Carolina, 393,751 478,103 555,500 638,829 737,987 753,419 S. Carolina, 249,073 345,591 415,115 502,741 581,185 594,398 Georgia, 82,548 162,101 252,433 340,987 516,823 691,392 Alabama, t , 20,845 127,901 309,527 590,751 Mississippi, . 8,850 40,352 75,448 136,621 375,651 Louisiana, . . . . 76,556 153,407 215,739 352,411 Arkansas, m . , . . . 14,273 30,388 97,574 Tennessee, 35,791 105,602 261,727 422,813 681,904 829,210 Kentucky, 73,077 220,955 406,511 564,317 687,917 779,828 Ohio, . , 45,365 230,760 581,434 937,903 1,519,467 Michigan, 9 9 . . 4,762 8,896 31,639 212,267 Indiana, . . 4,875 24,520 147,178 343,031 685,866 Illinois, 9 9 . . 12,282 55,211 157,455 476,183 Missouri, . . . . 20,845 66,586 140,445 383,702 D. of Columbia, 14,093 24,023 33,039 39,834 43,712 Florida, , . . . . . . . 34,730 54,477 Wisconsin, w . , , . . . t , . 30,945 Iowa, - - 43,112 Total, 2,929,827 5,305,925 7,239,814 9,638,131 12,866,920 17,062,566 g 2 " ell 1 24 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TABLE III. The Total Population and the Number of Slaves in the United States at different Periods, with the respective Increase. Tot al Population. Rate 1st Census, 1790, 3,929,326 From Increase. pr ct. 2d do. 1800, 5,309,758 1790 to 1800, 1,308,232 35.1 3d do. 1810, 7,239,903 1800 to 1810, 1,930,345 36.3 4th do. 1820, 9,638,166 1810 to 1820, 2,398,263 33.1 5th do. 1830, 12,850,240 1820 to 1830, 3,212,074 33.3 6th do. 1840, 17,062,566 Slaves. 1st Census, 1790, 97,696 From 2d do. 1800, 896,849 1790 to 1800, 199,153 28.7 3d do. 1810, 1,191,364 1800 to 1810, 294,515 32.1 4th do. 1820, 1,538,036 1810 to 1820, 346,627 29.1 5th do. 1830, 1,888,690 1820 to 1830, 350,654 22.8 6th do. 1840, 2,487,113 TABLE IV. The Population of the Several States and Territories in 1840, the Number of Square Miles, the Population to a Square Mile, and the Number of Slaves in 1840, arranged according to numerical strength. Population. Square Miles. Pop. to Square Mile. Slaves. New York, 2,428,921 Va. 66,000 Mass. 98 Va. 448,987 Pennsylvania, 1,724,033 Mo. 63,000 R. I. 83 iS. C. 327,038 Ohio, 1,519,467 Geo. 61,000'Ct. 64* Geo. 280,944 Virginia, 1,239,797 Ar. 60,000 N. Y. 50.i Ala. 253,532 Tennessee, 829,21011. 58,000> T . J. 46? N. C. 245,817 Kentucky, 779,828lAla. 51,000 Md. 42| Mis. 195,211 North Carolina, 753,419 N. C. 50,000|Ohio, 39 Ten. 183,059 Massachusetts, 737,699 Miss. 48,000 Del. 37 Ken. 182,258 Georgia, 691,392 La. 48,000 Pa. 36i La. 168,452 Indiana, 685,866 N. Y. 48,000 'N. H. 30 Md. 89,495 South Carolina, 594,398 Pa. 47,000 Vt. 28i Missouri, 58,240 Alabama, 590,756 Tenn. 43,000 Ken. 20i Ar. 19,935 Maine, 501,793 Ohio, 39,000 Ind. 20 Del. 2,605 Illinois, 476,183 Ken. 38,000 S.C. 19i N. J. 674 Maryland, 469,232 Mich. 38,000 Ten. 19 Illinois, 331 Missouri, 383,702 Ind. 34,OOO t Va. 181 Pa. 64 Mississippi, 375,65 llMaine, 32,000 Maine, 15i Ct. 17 New Jersey, 373,306 S. C. 30,000 N. C. 15 N. Y. 5 Louisiana, 352,411 Md. 11,000 Ga. 11 R. I. 4 Connecticut, 309,978 Vt. 10,200 Al. 11 Indiana, 3 Vermont, 29 1,948 N. H. 9,500 Illinois, 8 Ohio, 3 New Hampshire, 284,574 N. J. 8,000 Mis. 71 N.H. 1 Michigan, 212,267 Mass. 7,500 La. 7* Maine, Rhode Island, 108,830 Ct. 4,800 Mo. 6 Mass. Arkansas, 97,574 ! Del. 2,100 Mich. 5k Vt. Delaware, 78,085 R. I. l,300Ar. li Mich. Florida Territory, 54,477 Flo. T. 55.,000 Florida Ter. 25,717 District Columbia, 43,7 12 Iowa, D.O, 4,694 Iowa Territory, 43,112|Wis. . . Iowa, 16 Wisconsin, 30,945D. C. 100 Wis. 11 Total, U. S. 17,062,5661 Total, 2,487,113 REMARKS. The first complete census of the United States was taken in 1790. The population of the Thirteen States, at the time of the Declaration of Inde pendence, was not far from 2,600,000. THE UNITED STATES. TABLE V. THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS. Name. Place. Denomination. Com menced opera tion. tii u.l. in 1 1840 41. | cated. 1 Vols. in Lib. Bangor Theol. Seminary, Bangor, Me. Cong. 1316 43 139 7,000 I'homaston Theol. Inst. Thomaston, do. Baptist, 1337 23 500 Gilinanton Theol. Seminary, Gilinanton, N H. Cong. 1635 26 21 2,200 Theological Seminary, Andover, Mass. Cong. 1803 142 785 17.500 Divinity School, Harvard University, Theological Institution, Theol. Dep. Yale College, Theol Inst. of Conn. Cambridge, do. Newton, do. Ntw Haven, Ct. (rtst Windsor, do. Cong. Unit. Baptist, Cong. Cong. 1316 1825 1822 1834 27 33 61 29 191 137 245 37 1,800 4,000 200 4,000 Theol. Inst. Epis. Church, New York, N.Y. Prot. Epis. 1317 74 1S6 7,260 New York Theol. Sem. do. do Presbyterian, 1836 129 12,000 Theol. Sem. of Auburn, Auburn, do. Presbyterian, 1821 71 344 5,000 Hamilton Lit. and Th. Inst. Hamilton, do. Baptist, 18'iO 27 124 2,250 Bart wick Seminary, Hart wick, do. Lutheran, Ibl6 2 3 1,000 Theol. Sem. As. Ref. Ch. Newburgh, do. Ass. Ref Ch 1836 3 11 4,000 Thol. Sem. Dutch Ref Ch. New Brunswick, N. J Dutch Reform. 1784 3 36 179 Theol. Sem. Pr Ch. U. S. Princeton, do. Presbyterian, 1812 5 113 714 7,000 Sem. Lath Ch. United States, Gettysburg, Pa. Evang. L. 1826 3 26 130 7,000 jerman Reformed, York, do. G. Ref Church 1825 2 20 West. Theol. Seminary, AlleghanyT. do Presbyterian, 1828 2 31 175 6,000 Theological School, Canonabuif, do. Asso. Church, 2 22 47 1,600 Theological Seminary, Spis. Theological School of Virginia, Jnion Theological Seminary, Pittsburg, do. Fairfax County, Va. Pr. Ed County, do. Asso. Ref. Prot Epis. Presbyterian, 1823 1822 1824 1 4 3 19 43 20 1-26 175 4,000 4,000 Virginia Baptist Seminary, Kichmond, do. Baptist, 1832 3 67 1,600 Southern Theol. Seminary, Columbia, S. C. Presbyterian, 1831 3 18 62 3,730 Theological Seminary, Lexington, do. Lutheran, 1835 2 10 20 1,800 Furman Theol. Seminary, High Hills, do. Baptist, 2 30 30 1,000 Lit. and Theol Seminary, Eaton, Ga. Baptist, 1834 10 South West. Theol. Seminary, Maryville, Ten. Presbyterian, 1821 2 24 90 6,000 Lane Seminary, Cincinnati, Ohio. do. 1829 3 61 43 10,300 Theol. Dep Ken. College, Giambier, do. Prot. Epis. 1828 3 10 Theol Dep. Wes. Res. College, Hudson, do. Presbyterian, 3 14 6 Theological School, Granville Theol Dep- Columbus, do. jrranville, do. Lutheran, Baptist, 1832 2 8 500 Oberlin Theol. Dep. Oberlin, do. Presbyterian, 1834 4 58 Indiana 'Theol. Seminary, 3 Hanover, In Presbyterian, 2 10 Alton Theol. Seminary, Upper Alton, 11 Bautist, 1835 Carlinville Theol Seminary, Carlinville, do. Presbyterian, 1H38 700 Theol. Dep. Marion College, \. Palmyra, Mo. Presbyterian, 1 TABLE VI. MEDICAL SCHOOLS. Name. Place. Found ed. Prof. Stu. Grad uates. Lectures Commence. Maine Medical School, Brunswick, 1820 70 464 Feb. 10 to 18. N. H. Medical School, Hanover, 1797 72 577 1st or 2d Thurs in Aug. Vermont Academy of Medicine, Castleton, 1818 57 514 2d Thurs. in March. Vermont Medical School, Woodstock, 1835 80 166 2d Thurs. in March. VIedical School Harvard University, Berkshire Medical School, Cambridge, Pittsfield, 1782 1923 74 547 473 1st Wednesday in Nov. 1st Thursday in Sept. VIedical School Brown University, Providence, 1821 Discontinued. Medical Institute Yale College, College Phys. and Surg. New York, New Haven^ New York, 1810 1807 6 7 52 106 440 799 6 weeks 3d Wed. Aug. 1st Monday in Nov. College Physicians andi Surgeons, Fairfield, 1812 554 Discontinued. Medical Institute Geneva College, Medical Faculty Univ. New York, Geneva, New York, 1335 1337 6 81 53 1st Wednesday in Oct. Albany Medical College, VIedical Faculty Columbia College, Albany, New York, 1839 1767 8 68 13 1st Tuesday in October. Discontinued. Med. Dep. Univ. Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1765 7 410 3,320* 1st Monday in Nov. Jefferson Medical College, do. 1824 7 145 764 1st Monday in Nov. Medical Dep Penn. College, do. 1839 60 1st Monday in Nov. Medical School Univ. Maryland, Baltimore, 1807 65 909 1st Monday in Nov. Washington Medical College, Medical School Columbia College, Medical School Univ. Virginia, do. Washington, Charlottes villa, 1827 1825 1825 60 40 45 81 1st Monday in Nov. 1st Monday in Nov. 1st Monday in Sept. Med. Dep. Ham. Sid. Col. Kichmond, 1838 50 14 1st Monday in Nov. Med. College of south Carolina, Charleston, 1824 Discontinued. Medical College State of S. C. do. 1833 151 2d Monday in Nov. Medical College ot'GeorgJa, Medical College of Louisiana, Augusta, New Orleans, 1830 1335 55 30 82 9d Monday in Nov. 3d Monday in Nov. Medical Dep. Tranayl Univ. Louisville Medical Institute, Lexington, Lou'sville, 1818 1837 254 204 1,112 53 1st Monday in Nov. 1st Monday in Nov. Medical College of Ohio, Cincinnati Med. College, Willoughby Medical College, Cincinnati, do Willoughby, 1819 1835 1834 5 130 331 95 27 1st Monday in Nov. Discontinued. Last Monday in Oct * Prom 1791 to 1838, inclusive. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TABLE VII. LAW SCHOOLS. Place. Name. Prof Students. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University, 2 121 New Haven, Conn. Yale College, 2 32 New York City, Law Department, N. Y. Univ. 3 Carlisle, Pa. Dickinson College, 1 16 Williamsburg, Va. William and Mary College, 1 36 Charlottesville, Va, University of Virginia, 1 72 Raleigh, N. C. 2 8 Mockville, N. C. 1 7 Lexington, Ky. Transylvania University, 3 75 Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati College, * 3 25 TABLE VIII. COLLEGES. Name. Place. Vote, in Lib'ries. Commencement. 1 Bowdoin, Brunswick, Me. 20,000 First Wednesday in Sept. 2 Waterville,* Waterville, do. 7,000 First Wednesday in August. 3 Dartmouth, Hanover, N. H. 16,500 Last Thursday in July. 4 University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt. 9,200 First Wednesday in August. C V Middlebury, Middlebury, do. 7,054 Third Wednesday in August. 6 Norwich University, Norwich, do. Wed. before 3d Thurs. in Aug. 7 Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 53,000 Fourth Wednesday in Aug. 8 Williams, Williamstown, do. 7,500 Third Wednesday in Aug. 9 Amherst, Amherst, do. 15,000 Fourth Wednesday in Aug. 10 Brown University,* Providence, R. I. 14,000 First Wednesday in Sept. 11 Yale, New Haven, Con. 27,000 Third Wednesday in Aug. 12 Washington,! Hartford, do. 6,500 First Thursday in Aug. 13 Wesleyan University, t Middletown, do. 10,300 First Wednesday in Aug. 14 Columbia,! New York, N.Y. 14,000 Day after 1st Monday in Oct. 15 LJnion, Schenectady, do. 13,000 Fourth Wednesday in July. 16 Hamilton, Clinton, do. 9,000 Fourth Wednesday in Aug. 17 Hamilton Lit. andTheol.* Hamilton, do. 4,600 Third Wednesday in Aug. 18 Geneva,f Geneva, do. 5,400 First Wednesday in Aug. 19 University of New York, New York, do. Third Wednesday in July. 20 College of New Jersey, Princeton, N. J. 11,000 Last Wednesday in Sept. 21 Rutgers, New Brunswick, do. 12,000 Third Wednesday in July, 22 University of Pennsylv. Philadelphia, Penn. 5,000 The 15th, 16th, or 17th July. 23 Dickinson,}: Carlisle, do. 10,600 Second Thursday in July. 24 Jefferson, Canonsburg, do. 4,500 Last Thursday in Sept. 25 Washington, Washington, do. 3,300 Last Wednesday in Sept. 26 Alleghany,t Mead? iil, do. 8,000 27 Pennsylvania, Gettysburg, do. 2,270 28 Lafayette, Easton, do. 1,350 Last Tuesday in Sept. 29 Marshall, Mereersburg, do. Last Wednesday in Aug. 30 Newark, Newark, Del. 1,200 Fourth Wednesday in Sept. 31 St. John's, Annapolis, Md. 4,000 The 22d of February. 32 St. Mary's, Baltimore, do. 12,000 Third Tuesday in July. 33 Mount St. Mary's, Emmetsburg, do. 3,500 Last week in June. 34 Georgetown, Georgetown, D. C. 22,000 Vear the last of July. 35 Columbian,* Washington, do. 4,200 First Wednesday in Oct. 36 William and Mary,f Williamsburg, Va. 5,000 July 4th. 37 Hampden-Sidney, Prince Ed. Co. do. 8,000 Fourth Wednesday in Sept. 38 Washington, Lexington, do. 2,700 Last Thursday in June. 39 University of Virginia, Charlottesville, do. 16,000 July 4th. 40 Randolph-Macon,t Boydton, do. Third Wednesday in June. 41 Emory and Henry, { Grlade Spring, do. 1,000 Last Wednesday in June. 42 Rector,* Harrison Co. do. 43 University of N. Carolina, Chapel-Hill, N. C. 9,000 First Thursday in June. 44 Davidson, Mecklenburg Co. do. 1,150 Last Thursday in June, 45 Wake Forest,* Wake Forest, do. 4,000 Third Thursday in June. THE UNITED STATES. COLLEGES Continued. 27 Name. Place. Vole, ii jib'rie>-. Commencement. 46 Charleston, Charleston, S. C. 3,000 ? ourlh Tuesday in February. 47 South Carolina, Columbia, do. 13,000 ? irst Monday in Dec. 48 Jniversity of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 1 1,000 ? irst Wednesday in August. 49 )glethorpe, Midway, do. 50 Emory,t Oxford, do. 51 Mercer University,* 3 enfield, do. 52 Jniversity of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Ala. 6,000 Wed. after 1st Mon. in Dec. 53 La Grange,]: La Grange, do. 1,200 54 Spring Hill, Spring Hill, do. 4,000 55 Fefferson, ^Washington, Mp. 1,522 (Not now in operation.) 56 Oakland, Oakland, do. 57 Louisiana, Tackson, La. 1,850 First Wednesday in June, 58 fefferson, Bringiers, do. 5,500 Thurs. after 1st Mon. in Dec. 59 St. Charles, ?rand Coteau, do. 60 Salon Rouge, Baton Rouge, do. 300 December. 61 others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands. He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers, to harass our people, and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the con sent of our legislatures. He has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the civil power. He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation : For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us : For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these states : For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world : For imposing taxes on us without our consent : For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury : For transporting us beyond seas, to be tried for pretended offences : For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies : For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and alter ing, fundamentally, the forms of our governments : For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and de stroyed the lives of our people. He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to com plete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun with circum stances of cruelty and perfidy, scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation. He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions. In every stage of these oppressions, we have petitioned for redress Petitions in the most humble terms : our repeated petitions have been answered unavailing, only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked &c - by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have we been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circum stances of our migration and settlement here. We have appealed to Appeal to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by p^fp^fJS- the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which less > &c 30 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. would inevitably interrupt our connexions and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and consanguinity. We must, therefore, ac quiesce in the necessity which denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind enemies in war, in peace friends. Declaration WE, therefore, the representatives of the United States of Ameri- ofindepen- ca, in general congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world, for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by the authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and de- The coio c ^ are ' tnat tnese united colonies are, and of right ought to be, free nies absolve and independent states ; that they are absolved from all allegiance to fronTuS tne British crown, and that all political connexion between them and allegiance, the state of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; &c ' and that, as free and independent states, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do ail other acts and things which independent states may of right do. And for the sup- Mutual P ort f l ^ s declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Di- f ledge of vine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our for- :hty ' tunes, and our sacred honor. The foregoing declaration was, by order of congress, engrossed and signed by the following members : JOHN HANCOCK, New Hampshire. JOSIAH BARTLETT, WILLIAM WHIPPLE, MATTHEW THORNTON. Massachusetts- Bay. SAMUEL ADAMS, JOHN ADAMS, ROBERT TREAT PAINE, ELBRIDGE GERRY. Rhode Island, &c. STEPHEN HOPKINS, WILLIAM ELLERY. Connecticut. ROGER SHERMAN, SAMUEL HUNTINGTON, WILLIAM WILLIAMS, OLIVER WOLCOTT. New York. WILLIAM FLOYD, PHILIP LIVINGSTON, FRANCIS LEWIS, LEWIS MORRIS. New Jersey. RICHARD STOCKTON, JOHN WITHERSPOON, FRANCIS HOPKINSON, JOHN HART, ABRAHAM CLARKE. Pennsylvania. ROBERT MORRIS, BENJAMIN RUSH, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, JOHN MORTON, GEORGE CLYMER, JAMES SMITH, GEORGE TAYLOR, JAMES WILSON, GEORGE ROSS. Delaware. CESAR RODNEY, GEORGE REED, THOMAS M'KEAN, Maryland. SAMUEL CHASE, WILLIAM PACA, THOMAS STONE, CHARLES CARROLL, of Carrollton. Virginia. GEORGE WYTHE, RICHARD HENRY LEE, THOMAS JEFFERSON, BENJAMIN HARRISON, THOMAS NELSON, JR. FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT LEE, CARTER BRAXTON. North Carolina. WILLIAM HOOPER, JOSEPH HEWES, JOHN PENN. South Carolina. EDWARD RUTLEDGE, THOMAS HEYWARD, JR. THOMAS LYNCH, JR. ARTHUR MIDDLETON. Georgia. BURTON GWINNETT, LYMAN HALL, GEORGE WALTON. THE UNITED STATES. 31 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. WE, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. ARTICLE I. SECTION I. All legislative powers herein granted, shall be vested in a Con- CQD eg ^ gress of the United States, which shall consist of a senate and a house of representatives. SECTION II. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members House of chosen every second year by the people of the several states ; and Represents the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United M ^ States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this union, according to their Apportion- respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the ment - whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within the three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of represent atives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the state of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three; Massachusetts eight ; Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one ; Connecticut five ; New York six ; New Jersey four ; Pennsylvania eight ; Delaware one ; Maryland six ; Virginia ten ; North Carolina five ; South Carolina five ; and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the Vacande8 executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill up such vacancies. Officers, and The house of representatives shall choose their speaker and other power o'fim- officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. SECTION III. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two sena- tors from each state, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years ; and each senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first elec tion, they shall be divided, as equally as may be, into three classes. The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year ; and if vacancies happen, by re signation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any state, the 82 CONSTITUTION OP executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty duaiifica vears an( ^ Deen I ^ ne vears a citizen of the United States, and who tions of shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state for which he members, ^jj ^ chosen . The vice-president of the United States shall be president of the ' Senate, but shall have no vote unless they be equally divided. other offi- The senate shall choose their other officers, and also a president cers. pro-tempore, in the absence of the vice-president, or when he shall exercise the office of president of the United States. Trial of im- The senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments, peachments. When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the president of the United States is tried, the chief justice shall pre side ; and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. Jud ment Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit, under the United States ; but the party convict- ed shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment according to law. SECTION IV. Elections The times, places, and manner of holding elections for senators a n j e repre. 8 and representatives, shall be prescribed in each state by the legisla- sent,atives. ture thereof; but the congress may, at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators. Meeting of The congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such congress. meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. SECTION V. powers of Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and quali- each house. fj ca ti O ns of its own members ; and a majority of each shall consti tute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. Journals ^ ac ^ ^ ouse sna ^ keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their Yeas and judgment require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the members nays. o f e ^her house, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. Adjourn- Neither house, during the session of congress, shall, without the ment. consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. SECTION VI. compensa- The senators and representatives shall receive a compensation for tipn and their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the treasury s ' of the United States. They shall, in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their at tendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to or returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place. THE UNITED STATES. 33 No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he _ r . , -i rr- i L. i_ pLxciusion of was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of members the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments /XscSil whereof shall have been increased, during such time ; and no person fication to bo holding any office under the United States shall be a member of ' either house during his continuance in office. SECTION VII. All bills for raising reverlues shall originate in the house of repre- Revcnuo sentatives ; but the senate may propose or concur with amendments, Bllla - as on other bills. Every bill which shall have passed the house of representatives ... i i 11 i r> i i Negative of and the senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the the Presi- president of the United States ; if he approve, he shall sign it ; but dent - if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to re-consider it. If, after such re-consideration, two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be re-considered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all such cases, the voles of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the president within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the con gress by their adjournment prevent its return ; in which case it shall not be a law. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the senate and house of representatives may be necessary, (except on a question of adjourn ment,) shall be presented to the president of the United States ; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the senate and house of representatives, ac cording to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. SECTION VIII. The congress shall have power To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises ; to pay the powers of debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the con g r ess. United States ; but all duties, imposts, and excises, shall be uniform throughout the United States : To borrow money on the credit of the United States : To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes : To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the sub ject of bankruptcies, throughout the United States : To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures : To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States : To establish post-offices and post-roads : To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries : To constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court : to define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations : E 34 CONSTITUTION OF To declare war, grant letters-of-marque and reprisal, and make rules con- cerning captures on land and water : To ^-aise and support armies ; but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years : To provide and maintain a navy : To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces : To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, sup press insurrections, and repel invasions : To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for gov erning such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states, respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by congress : To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of congress, become the seat of government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased, by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings : and, To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into ex ecution the foregoing powers, vested by this constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. SECTION IX. Restrictions The migration or importation of such persons as any of tho states on congress. now ex i s t m g sn all think proper io admit, shall not be prohibited by the congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight ; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder, or ex post facto law, shall be passed. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No prefer ence shall be given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to the ports of one state over those of another : nor shall vessels bound to or from one state, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. Public No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence money. o f appropriations made by law : and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States, and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind what ever, from any king, prince, or foreign state. SECTION x. Restrictions No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation ; onthestates> grant letters-of-marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit ; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts ; or grant any title of nobility. No state shall, without the consent of the congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection l-aws ; and the neat produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state THE UNITED STATES. 35 on imports or exports, shall be for the treasury of the United States, and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the congress. No state shall, without the consent of the congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually in vaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. ARTICLE II. sfcCTION I. The executive power shall be vested in a president of the United Executive States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four ^"j/JJ 8 *" years, and, together with the vice-president, chosen for the same vice-presi- term, be elected as follows : Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof Electors ^ may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of sena tors and representatives to which the state may be entitled in the congress ; but no senator or representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for two per- This p ar a- sons, of whom one at least shall not he an inhabitant of the same state with them- graph has selves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number ^ f - eu annul- o*f votes for each ; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to p 6 ^" g^ the seat of government of the United States, directed to the president of the senate, art. 12th of The president of the senate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of re- amendment^, presentatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the house of representatives shall immediately choose, by ballot, one of them for president ; and if no person have a majority, then, from the five highest on the list, the said house shall, in like manner, choose the president. But, in choosing the president, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the president, the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors, shall be the vice-president. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the senate shall choose from them, by ballot, the vice-president. The congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and Choogin the day on which they shall give their votes ; which day shall be the elector!! and same throughout the United States. their voting. No person, except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this constitution, shall be eligible qua'iifica- to the office of president : neither shall any person be eligible to that tions - office, who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been four teen years a resident within the United States. In case of the removal of the president from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the vice-president, and the congress may, by law, provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the president and vice-president, declaring what officer shall then act as president ; and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a president shall be elected. The president shall, at stated times, receive for his services a com- compensa- pensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the tion - period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the Oath following oath or affirmation : " I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of the president of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend, the constitution of the United States." 30 CONSTITUTION OF SECTION II. The president shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States ; he may require the opinion, in writ ing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices ; and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the senators present concur : and he shall* nominate, and, by and 1 with the advice and consent of the senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the supreme court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law. But the con gress may, by law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper, in the president alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of depart ments. The president shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the senate, by granting commissions, which shall expire at the end of their next session. SECTION III. He shall, from time to time, give to the congress information of the state of the union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient : he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, or either of them, and, in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed ; and shall commission all the officers of the United States. SECTION IV. impeach- The president, vice-president, and all civil officers of the United ments. States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and convic tion of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. ARTICLE III. SECTION I. Judiciary, The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one courts and supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior ; and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation which shall not be dimin ished during their continuance in office. SECTION II. Jurisdiction ^ ne Judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity, ' arising under this constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls ; to all cases of ad miralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more states ; between a state and citizens of another state ; between citizens of different states ; between citi zens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states ; and be tween a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens, or subjects. Original and In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and con- appeiiate. su | s? an( } those in which a state shall be a party, the supreme court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the supreme court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with ~uch exceptions, and under such regulations, as the congress shall make. THE UNITED STATES. 37 The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury, and such trial shall be held in the state where the said Jury trial " crimes shall have been committed ; but when not committed in any state, the trial shall be at such place or .places as the congress may by law have directed. SECTION III. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war Treag(m against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Art. 2. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Art. 3. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any Quartering house without the consent of the owner ; nor in time of war, but in a 60ldiers - manner to be pi-escribed by law. Art. 4. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, warrants of houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and sei- searcher zures, shall not be violated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Art. 5. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or other- privileges of wise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a accused - grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb, nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law ; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Art. 6. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the Rights of right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state accusfcd - and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law ; and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the /witnesses against him ; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor ; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. Art. 7. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy . shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be pre served ; and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. Art. 8. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines Bail, punigb- imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. mems. Art. 9. The enumeration in the constitution of certain rights, shall Rights re- not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. t a ed. Art. 10. The powers not delegated to the United States by the con- Reserved stitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states P w era. respectively, or to the people. Art. 11. The judicial power of the United States shall not be con- state not strued to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecu- suabl e. ted against one of the United States by citizens of another state, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state. Art. 12. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and Election of vote by ballot for president and vice-president, one of whom, at least, jJJJ'yf,."! shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves ; they president, shall name in their ballots the person voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as vice-president ; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as president, and of all persons voted for as vice- president, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, 40 CONSTITUTION OF directed to the president of the senate : the president of the senate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted ; the person having the greatest number of votes for president, shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed : and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as president, the house of representatives shall choose imme diately, by ballot, the president. But, in choosing the president, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote ; a quo- rum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the house of representatives shall not choose a president whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next follow ing, then the vice-president shall act as president, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the president. The person having the greatest number of votes as vice-president, shall be the vice-president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of elec tors appointed ; and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the senate shall choose the vice-president : a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. Quaiifica. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of president, ^preside 6 " shall be eligible to that of vice-president of the United States. QUESTIONS ON THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 1. Of what branches does the congress of the United States consist? 2. Of what is the house of representatives composed 1 3. What are the qualifications necessary for a representative ? 4. What number of inhabitants sends a representative to congress 1 5. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, how are they to be filled] Secretaries of Connecticut, Feb. 3, 1795. ] the Treasury. Massachusetts, Sept. 12, 1789. ) Sprretaries of Jan. 2, 1795. V feecr ^ ri< Maryland, Jan. 27, 1796. ) Virginia, Sept. 26, 1789. ) . Pennsylvania, Jan. 27, 1794. > ^J Virginia, Dec. 10, 1795. GeneraL F OFFICERS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION. JOHN ADAMS, Thomas Jefferson, Timothy Pickering, John Marshall, Oliver Wolcott, Samuel Dexter, James M'Henry, Samuel Dexter, Roger Griswold, Second Administration. Massachusetts, March 4, 1797. President. " " Vice-President. > Secretaries of Virginia, May 13, 1800. $ State. } Secretaries of Massachusetts, Dec. 31, 1800. $ the Treasury. May 13,1800> ecr ^ esof Feb. 3, 1801. S Connecticut, Benjamin Stoddard, Maryland, May 21, 1798. I CharfesLee, of THOMAS JEFFERSON, Aaron Burr, George Clinton, James Madison, Samuel Dexter, Albert Gallatin, Henry Dearborn, Benjamin Stoddert, Robert Smith r Levi Lincoln, John Breckenridge, Caesar A. Rodney, Third Administration. March 4, 1801. New York, " " " " 1805. Virginia, March 5, 1801. JAME& MADISON, George Clinton, Elbridge Gerry, Robert Smith, James Monroe, Albert Gallatin, G. W. Campbell, Alexander J. Dallas, William Eustis, John Armstrong James Monroe, W. H. Crawford, Paul Hamilton, William Jones, B. W. Crowninshield, Csesar A. Rodney, William Pinkney, Richard Rush, Pennsylvania, Jan. 26, 1802. Massachusetts, March 5, 1801. V Maryland, Jan. 26, 1802. Massachusetts, March 5, 1801. * Kentucky, Dec. 23, 1805. Delaware, Jan. 20, 1807. j Fourth Administration. March 4, 1809. n a Massachusetts, " " Maryland, March 6, 1809. Virginia, Nov. 25, 1811. President. > Vice-Presidents., S Secretary of State. } Secretaries of $ the Treasury. / Secretary of 5 War. ^ Secretaries of $ the Navy f Attorneys General. Tennessee, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, New York, Georgia, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Feb. 9, Oct. 6. March 7, Jan. 13", Sept. 27, March 2, March 7, Jan. 12, Dec. 19, 1814. 1814. 1809. 1813. 1814. 1815. 180& 1813. 1814. Maryland, Dec. 11, 1811. Pennsylvania, Feb. 10, 1814. President. > Vice-Presidents. > Secretaries of $ State. / Secretaries of I the Treasury. ! Secretaries of War. f Secretaries of t the Navy. f Attorneys i General. OFFICERS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION. Fifth Administration. JAMES MONROE, March 4, 1817. President. Daniel D. Tompkins, New York, Vice-President. John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts, March 5, 1817. \ ' f William H. Crawford, March 5, 1812. \ Secr ^ tar y of I the Treasury. John C. Calhoun, South Carolina, March 5, 1817. J Secr of B. W. Crowninshield, > . Smith Thompson, New York, Nov. 30, 1818. V be cretanes of Samuel L. Southard, New Jersey, Dec. 9, 1823. ) Navy. Richard Rush, > Attorneys William Wirt, Virginia, Dec. 16, 1817. $ General. Sixth Administration. JOHN QUINOY ADAMS, March 4, 1825. President. John C. Calhoun, Vice-President. Henry Clay, Richard Rush, James Barbour, Peter B. Porter, Samuel L. Southard, William Wirt, f ANDREW JACKSON, John C. Calhoun, Martin Van Buren, Martin Van Buren, Edward Livingston, Louis McLane, John Forsythe, Samuel D. Inghani; Lewis McLane, Wm J. Duane, R. B. Taney, Levi Woodbury, John H. Eaton, Hugh L. White, Lewis Cass, John Branch, Levi Woodbury, Mahlon Dickerson, John McP. Berrien, R. B. Taney, Benj. F. Butler, Kentucky, March 8, 1825. J March 7 $ Secretary of $ the Treasury. Virginia, March 7, " > Secretaries of New York, May 26, 1828. $ War. J Secretary of I the Navy. C Attorney I General. Seventh Administration* Tennessee, March 4, 1829. President. New York, 1833. J Vice-Presidents. i March 6, 1829.") I Louisiana, May, 1831. 1 1 Secretaries of Delaware, 1833. | State. Georgia, 1834. J 1 Pennsylvania;, March, 1829.H Delaware, Pennsylvania, Maryland, May, 1831. 1833. 1833. 1 Secretaries of 1 the Treasury. N. Hampshire, 1834.J Tennessee, March 9; 1829. } TftSl " 1 Secretaries of Ohio, iOO I. j 1831. J ^ War. North Carolina, N. Hampshire^ New Jersey, March 9, 1829.] 1831. ia34.J ' Secretaries of the Navy. Georgia, Maryland, New York, March 9, 1829. } 1831. 1833. j Attorneys General. OFFICERS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION. Eighth Administration. Martin Van Buren, Richard M. Johnson, John Forsyth, Levi Woodbury, Joel R. Poinsett, Mahlon Dickerson, James K. Paulding, Amos Kendall, John M. Niles, Benj. F. Butler, Felix Grundy, Henry D. Gilpin, New York, March 4, 1837. Kentucky, " 1837. Georgia, 1834. New Hampshire, South Carolina, 1837. New Jersey, 1834. New York, 1838. Kentucky, 1835. Connecticut, 1840. New York, 1834. Tennessee, 1838. Pennsylvania, 1839. President. Vice-President Secretary of State. Secretary of Treasury Secretary of War. Secretaries of Navy. Post Master Generals. Attorney Generals. Ninth Administration. Wm. H. Harrison, Ohio, March 4, 1841. President. John Tyler, Virginia, " " Vice-President. NOTE. President Harrison died April 4, 1841, consequently Vice-president Tyler be came President from that time. Daniel Webster, Thomas Ewing, Walter Forward, John Bell, John C. Spencer, George E. Badger, Abel P. Upshur, Francis Granger, Chas. A. Wickjiffe, John J. Crittenden, Hugh S. Legare, Massachusetts, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, New York, North Carolina, Virginia, New York, Kentucky, Kentucky, South Carolina, March 4, 1841, Sept. 1841, March 4, 1841 Sept. 1841, March 4, 1841. Sept. 1841. March 4, 1841, Sept. 1841, March 4, 1841, Sept. 1841, Secretary of State. Secretaries of Trea sury. Secretaries of War. Secretaries of Navy. > Post Master Generals. > Attorney Generals. Governeur Morris, - Thomas Pinkney, Ministers to Great Britain. - - - of New Jersey, - - ..." South Carolina, - " New York . Oct. 13, 1789. . Jan. 12, 1792. - April 19, 1794. . May 20, 1796. - April 18, 1803. " I May 12, 1806. . Feb. 26, 1808. - Feb. 28, 1815. - Dec. 16, 1817. - May 5, 1825. . May 18, 1826. . May 23 1828 11 (( K J&TY16S Monroe^ - - . " Virginia ... a it William Pinkney, William Pinkney, John Quiney Adams, Richard Rush - . . " Maryland, . . ..." " ~ . . " Massachusetts, - . . " Pennsylvania " NPW Ynrk Albert Gallatin, - - .... 1829 - - - - 1833 Andrew Stephenson, - lEdward Everett. . IRftfl 1842. THE UNITED STATES. INDIVIDUAL STATES. 45 MAINE. ARMS OF MAINE. IT is the most north-eastern state of the Union, bounded N. W. and N. by Lower Canada, E. by New Brunswick, S. by the Atlantic, and W. by New Hampshire. It lies between 43 and 48 degrees N. latitude, and 6 and 10 E. longitude from Washington. Its greatest length from N.to S. is 225 miles, and greatest breadth from E. to W. 195 ; and it is estimated to contain 32,628 square miles. Population in 17190, 96,540 ; in 1800, 151,719 ; in 1810, 228,705 ; in 1820, 298,335 ; in 1830, 399,462, and in 1840, 501,793. Population to a square mile, 15^. STATISTICAL TABLE. Wheat, Counties. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1840. Polls. 1841. Valuation, 1841. 1838. Bushels. County Twwns. York, sw. 51,710 54,034 $ 9,115 $7.752,241 30,856 Alfred, Cumberland, sw. 60,113 68,658 11,966 -11,503,040 52.293 Portland, Lincoln, s. 57,181 63,517 11,151 9,811,116 45,302 Wiscasset, Hancock, s. 24,347 28,605 5,306 3.434512 24,164 Kllsworth, Washington, e. 21, 295 23.327 5.331 3183683 42,922 Machias, Kennebeck, w 52491 55,823 9,272 8,638,857 126,933 Augusta, Oxford, w. 35.217 38,339 6,676 4,7-20 561 126,386 Paris, Somerset, nic. 35,788 33,912 5,629 4.240,83-2 195,454 Norridgewock, Penobscot, n. 31,530 45.705 8,277 6.108,315 153,464 Biingor, Waldo, s. 29,790 41,509 7,460 5 300.906 12-2,554 Belfast, Piscataquis. n. 13,138 2,330 1,424,030 83,2-29 Dover, Franklin, w. 20,801 3,453 3.655,689 104,312 Farmington, Aroostook, nw. 9,413 572 491,843 Uoulton. Total, 390 462 501,7931 86,544 69.245 625 1 1,107.849 BOUNTY ON WHEAT AND CORN. Wheat raised in Maine, in 1837, 1,019,906* ; bounty granted by the State, $77,314-01 5 in 1838, 1,107,849; bounty, $87,352-30; Indian corn in 1838, l,630.996i bushels ; boun ty, $66,328-80. NOTE. The small letters annexed to the counties indicate their situation in the several states ; as, e, v, n, s, we, nm, em, cj-c. east, west, north, south, north-east, north of middle, east of middle, &C. The seats of government of the different states are printed in small capitals. 46 MAINE. The principal rivers are the Penobscot, Kennebeck, Androscoggin, Saco, Si. Croix, and St. Johns. The principal bays are Casco, Penobscot, Frenchman's, Englishman's, Machias, and Passamaquoddy. The most noted lakes are Moosehead, Umbagog, Sebago, Schoodic, and several others farther in the interior. Maine is rather an elevated country, having generally a diversified surface. A tract commencing on the west side of the state, east of the White Mountains, in New Hampshire, and holding a north-east direction as far as the heads of the Aroostic, about 160 miles in length, and 60 in its greatest breadth, is moun tainous. Katahdin mountain, in this range, is supposed to be the highest land between the Atlantic and the St. Lawrence. There is also a small mountain- ous tract in the northern extremity. The remainder of the state may be con sidered, generally, as a moderately hilly country. The tract of country along the sea-coast from 10 to 20 miles wide embraces all the varieties of sandy, gravelly, clayey, and loamy soils, frequently inter spersed at short distances ; seldom very rich, in many places tolerably fertile, but generally poor. Of this section Indian corn, rye, barley, grass, &c. are the principal productions. In the tract lying north of this, and extending 50 miles from the sea in the western, 80 in the central, and 90 in the eastern part, the same kinds of soil are found, but they are less frequently diversified, and generally more fertile. The surface rises into large swells of generally good soil, between which, on the margin of the streams, are frequently rich inter vals, and in other places sandy or gravelly pine plains, or spruce and cedar swamps. Of this section the principal productions are grass, Indian corn, wheat, barley, rye, flax, &c. The country beyond the limits above specified, is but little settled. It exhibits great diversities in the appearance of its soil, growth of timber, and also in climate. The land on the Kennebeck, and between this river and the Penob- ecot, is accounted the best in the state. It is well adapted to the various pur- poses of agriculture, and as a grazing country, it is one of the finest in New England. Though the climate of Maine is subject to great extremes of heat and cold, yet the air in all parts of the country is pure and salubrious. The summers in most parts are favorable to the growth of all the vegetable productions of the northern states. In some parts, however, Indian corn and some other plants of a more tender kind, are frequently injured and sometimes destroyed by frosts late in the spring and early in autumn. The cold of winter is severe, yet the serenity of the sky, and the invigorating influence of the atmosphere, during the same season, make amends, in some degree, for the severity of the weather. It is said that an inhabitant on Kennebeck river requires more clothing in winter to keep him comfortable in Boston than at home. Maine enjoys great facilities for commerce. The coast is indented with bays, abounding in excellent harbors. All the settled parts of the country lie near a market, and the produce of the farmer is readily exchanged for money, at a good price. Value of the exports for the year ending 1st Jan. 1839, $895,485. The principal article of export is lumber. Vast quantities of boards, shin gles, clapboards, masts, spars, &c. are transported to the neighboring stated, to the West Indies, and to Europe. Much of the fire-wood consumed in Boston, Salem, &c. is brought from Maine. Dried fish and pickled salmon are con siderable articles of export. Beef, pork, butter, pot and pearl ashes, and some grain, are also among the exports. The principal manufactures consist of cotton and woollen cloths, hats, shoes, boots, leather, iron, nails, distilled spirits, and cordage. The number of cotton mills, in 1842, was 12, capital employed in do., about $900,000, yards of cloth made annually, estimated at 2,000,000. MAINE. 47 There are 58 banks in the state, with an aggregate capital of about $5,000,000 ; specie, $303,605 ; circulation, $2,000,000. The first permanent settlement in Maine was formed about the year H . gtof 1630; and for several years the government of the colony was ad ministered in the name of Sir Ferdinando Gorges as proprietor of the country. In 1652, the inhabitants of Maine were placed under the jurisdiction of Mas sachusetts. The country was, however, afterwards claimed by the heirs of Gorges, but was, in 1677, purchased by the colony of Massachusetts. From that time the territory formed a part of the colony and afterwards of the state of Massachusetts, and was styled, the District of Maine, till the year 1820, when it was erected into an independent state. The constitution of this state was formed in 1819, and went into Constitution operation in 1820. The legislative power is vested in a Senate and and govern- a House of Representatives, both elected annually by the people, on ment> the second Monday in September. These two bodies are together styled The Legislature of Maine. The number of representatives cannot be less than 100, nor more than 200. A town having 1,500 inhabitants is entitled to send 1 re presentative : having 3,750,2; 6,775,3; 10,500,4; 15,000, 5; 20,250, 6; 26,250, 7 ; but no town can ever be entitled to more than 7 representatives. The number of senators cannot be less than 20, nor more than 31. The legis lature meets at Augusta annually, on the first Wednesday in January. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected annually by the people, on the second Monday in September, and his term of office commences on the first Wednesday in January. A council of seven members is elected annually on the first Wednesday in January, by joint ballot of the senators and representatives, to advise the governor in the executive part of government. The right of suffrage is granted to every male citizen aged 21 years or up wards (excepting paupers, persons under guardianship, and Indians not taxed), having had his residence established in the state for the term of three months next preceding an election. The Literary Seminaries in Maine are Bowdoin College at Brunswick, a flourishing institution ; Waterville College, at Waterville, under the direction of the Baptist denomination ; a Theological School at Bangor ; the Gardiner Lyceum, at Gardiner ; and the Maine Wesleyan Seminary, at Readfield, which unites agricultural and mechanical labor with literary instruction. Every town is required by law to raise annually, for the support of common schools, a sum equal at least to 40 cents for each person in the town, and to distribute this sum among the several school districts, according to the number of scholars in each. On an island in Penobscot river, there are still the remains of the Penobscot tribe of Indians. They consist of about 100 families, are Roman Catholics, and have a church and a priest. The Baptists have 210 churches, 136 ministers, 22 licentiates, and Religion. 12,936 communicants; the Congregationalists, 156 churches, 107 pastors, and 9,626 communicants; the Methodists, 56 ministers, and 12,182 communicants ; the Free-will Baptists, about 50 congregations ; the Friends, about 30 societies; the Unitarians, 12 societies and 8 ministers; the Episcopa lians, 4 ministers ; the Roman Catholics, 4 churches ; the New Jerusalem Church, 3 societies ; and there are some Universalists. The number of periodical papers in 1840, was about 40. This state sends 8 representatives to congress. The governor's salary is 1500 dollars. 4S NEW HAMPSHIRE. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON MAINE. 1. Between what degrees of latitude and longitude does Maine lie? 2. What is its length and breadth ? 3. How many square miles does it contain ? 4. What was the population in 1840 ? 5. What is the population to a square mile ? 6. How many counties does it contain ? 7. Name them., 8. What are the principal rivers in Maine? 9. Bays? 10* The most noted lakes ? 11. What was the value of the exports in 1839? 12. What was the number of cotton mills in 1841 ? 13. What are the principal articles of export? 14. What do the principal manufactures consist of? 15. What was the number of yards of cotton cloth made in 1841 7 16. How many banks are there in the state? 17. When was Maine admitted into the Union ? 18. When is the general election? 19. When and how often does the legislature meet? 20. To whom is the right of suffrage granted ? 21. Name the principal literary institutions. 22. How much is every town obliged, by law, to raise annually for the support of common schools ? 23. Where are the remains of the Penobscot tribe of Indians, and what is said of them ? 24. Name the principal denominations of Christians in the state. 25. , How many representatives does Maine send to Congress ? 26. What is the governor's annual salary ? NEW HAMPSHIRE. ARMS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. NEW HAMPSHIRE is bounded N. by Lower Canada ; E. by Maine ; S. E. by the Atlantic ; S. by Massachusetts ; and W. by Vermont. It lies between 42 41' and 45 11' N. lat. and between 4 29' and 6 19' E. long, from Washington. NEW HAMPSHIRE. 49 It is 160 miles long from N. to S., 90 in its greatest breadth, and contains 9,4-91 square miles, or 6,074,240 acres. Population in 1790, 141,885 ; in 1800, 183,858 ; in 1810, 214,460 ; in 1820, 244,161 ; in 1830, 269,533, and in 1840, 284,574. Population to a square mile, 40. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND THE COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1810. County Towns. Rockin Concord, and is now in force. The legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of Representatives, which, together, are styled The General Court of New Hampshire. Every town, or incorporated township, having 150 ratable polls, may send one representative ; and for every 300 additional polls, it is entitled to an additional representative. The Senate consists of 12 mem bers, who are chosen by the people in districts. The executive power is vested in a Governor and a Council, which consists of five members. The governor, council, senators, and representatives, are all elected annually, by the people, on the second Tuesday in March ; and their term of service commences on the first Wednesday in June. The General Court meets annually (at Concord) on NEW HAMPSHIRE. 51 the first Wednesday in June. The right of suffrage is granted to every male inhabitant of 21 years of age, excepting paupers and persons excused from paying taxes at their own request. Religious Denominations in 1841. Churches. Ministers. Communicants. Congregational ists, - - 166 - - 116 - - 14,867 Baptists, 85 - - 61 - - 6,279 Free-will Baptists, - - 67 - - 51 - 4 or 5,000 Methodists, - - 40 - - 4,180 Presbyterians, ... 21 - - 19 - - 2,499 The Christians have 17 ministers; the Friends, 13 societies; the Universal- ists, about 20 congregations; the Unitarians, 10 ministers; the Episcopalians, 12 ministers; the Catholics, 2 churches; the Shakers, 2 societies, and the San- demanians, 1. New Hampshire sends five representatives to Congress. The Governor's annual salary is $1200. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON NEW HAMPSHIRE. 1. How is New Hampshire bounded? 2. What is its extent, square 'miles and population? 3. What is the population to a square mile ? 4. How many counties does it contain ? 5. Name them. 6. Which town is the seat of government, and which is the largest ? 7. Name the five principal rivers. 8. How many miles of sea-coast has New Hampshire ? 9. What is said of the country for 20 or 30 miles from the sea ? 10. What kind of a country commences then ? 11. What is said of the soil ? 12. What are the principal articles of produce ? 13. What can you say of the manufactures? 14. What was the value of exports in 1839? 15. What is said of common schools, and what is annually raised by tax for their support ? 16. Mention the most remarkable curiosities. 17. How many periodical papers in 1841 ? 18. How many banks are there in the State? 19. Where was the first English settlement? 20. What can you say of. the legislative power? 21. How many representatives does each town send? 22. How many members does the senate consist of, and how chosec ? 23. How is the executive power vested ? 24. When is the annual election ? 25. When and how often does the general court meet ? 26. Which are the most numerous denominations of Christians? 27. How many representatives does New Hampshire send to Congress? 28. What is the governor's annual salary ? VERMONT. VERMONT. ARMS VERMONT. . is bounded N. by Lower Canada ; E. by New Hampshire ; S. by Massachusetts ; and W. by New York, from which it is separated in part by lake Champlain. It lies between 42 44' and 45 N. lat. and between 3 39' and 5 31' E. longitude from Washington. It is 157 miles long from N. to S., 90 broad on the northern boundary, 40 on the southern, and contains 10,212 square miles. Population to a square mile, 28. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. Po|>. 1840. County Towns. Addison, w. 20,469 24,940 23,583 Middlebury, Bennington, sw. 16,125 17,470 16,872 Bennington, Caledonia, ne. 16,669 20,967 21,891 Danville, Chittenden, w. 16,055 21,775 22,977 Burlington, Essex, ne. 3,284 3,981 4,226 Guildhall, Franklin, nw. 17,192 24,525 24,531 St. Albans, Grand Isle, nw. 3,527 3,696 3,883 North Hero, Orange, e. 24,681 27,285 27,873 Chelsea, Orleans, n. 6,976 13,980 13,634 [rasburgh, Rutland, w. 29,983 31,295 30,699 Rutland, Washington, m. 14,113 21,394 23,506 VIONTPELIER, Windham, se. 28,659 28,758 27,442 Vewfane, Windsor, e. 38,233 40,623 40,356 IVoodstock, Lamoile, n. 10,475 Hyde Park. Total, 225,764 280,679 291,948 The Green Mountains, from which the state derives its name, come from Massachusetts, and run along the cast side of Bennington, Rutland, and Addi son counties. In Addison county they divide ; the western and principal chain continuing a northerly course, and terminating near the northern boundary of the state ; while the height of land, as it is called, strikes off to the north-east, dividing the waters which flow into the Connecticut from those which fall into lake Memphremagog and lake Champlain. The western range presents much the loftiest summits, but has inequalities which afford a passage for Onion and Lamoil rivers. The soil is for the most part fertile, being generally deep, and of a dark color, moist, loamy, and well watered. The interval lands are esteemed the best ; bordering on these is usually a strip one or two miles wide, which is comparatively poor, but beyond this the land recovers a fertility nearly equal to that on the rivers. The principal productions are wheat, barley, rye, Indian corn, oats, &c. The principal exports are pot and pearl ashes, beef, pork, butter, cheese, &c. The market for the northern part of the state is Montreal ; for the eastern, Hartford and Boston ; for the western, New York. The amount of exports in 1839 was 198,000 dollars. VERMONT. 53 The principal rivers within the state are Lamoile, Onion, Otter Creek, Misis- que, Deerfield, White, Black, and Pasumsic. Fort Dummer, in the south-east part of Vermont, was built in 1724 ; and Bennington, the oldest town in the state, was chartered in 1749, by Benning Wentworth, governor of New Hampshire. The territory of Vermont was originally claimed both by New Hampshire and New York ; and its political condition was, for a considerable time, unset tled ; but the people preferring to have a separate government, formed a consti tution in 1777, under which a government was organized in March, 1788 ; and in 1791, Vermont was admitted into the union. The first constitution of this state was formed in 1777 ; the one now in operation was adopted on the 4th of July, 1793. The legislative power is vested in a single body, a house of representatives, elected annually, on the first Tuesday in September, every town in the state being entitled to send one representative. The representatives meet (at Mont- pelier) annually on the second Thursday of the October succeeding their elec tion, and are styled The General Assembly of the State of Vermont. , The executive power is vested in a governor, lieutenant-governor, and a council of 12 persons, who are all chosen annually by the freemen on the first Tuesday in September, and their term of office commences on the second Thursday in October. They are empowered to commission all officers; to sit as judges to consider and determine on impeachments ; to prepare and lay before the general assembly such business as shall appear to them necessary"; and have power to revise and propose emendments to the laws passed by the house of representatives. The constitution grants the right of suffrage to every man of the full age of 2] years, who has resided in the state for the space of one whole year, next before the election of representatives, and is of quiet and peaceable behavior. The judiciary power is vested in a supreme court consisting of three judges ; and of a county court of three judges for each county. The judges of the supreme, county, and probate courts, sheriffs, and justices of the peace, are elected annually by the general assembly. A council of censors, consisting of 13 persons, are chosen every seven years (first elected in 1799) on the last Wednesday in March, and meet on the first Wednesday in June. Their duty is to inquire whether the constitution has been preserved inviolate ; whether the legislative and executive branches of government have performed their duty as guardians of the people ; whether the public taxes have been justly laid and collected ; in what manner the public moneys have been disposed of; and whether the laws have been faithfully executed. There are in this state 10 banks, viz. Bank of Burlington, of Windsor, of Brattleborough, of Rutland, of Montpelier, of St. Albans, of Caledonia, of Ver- gennes, of Orange county, of Bennington. The Burlington Bank is selected for the public deposites, by the secretary of the Treasury. There are two colleges in Vermont, at Burlington and Middlebury; Educ& jo medical schools at Burlington and Castleton ; and about 20 incor porated academies in the state, where young men may be fitted for college. Common schools are supported throughout the state. The money raised by the general law for the support of schools, at 3 per cent, on the grand list, (the valuation for taxes,) would be about $51,119 42; and about as much more is supposed to be raised by school district taxes. The state has a lite rary fund, derived principally from a tax of 6 per cent, on the annual profits of the banks ; the amount on loan in September, 1839, was about $25,000. The Congregationalists have 13 associations, 213 churches, 120 Re] . i(r . ousde _ pastors, 35 unsettled ministers, 10 licentiates, and 18,236 commu- nom?natiaa, nicants; the Baptists, 115 churches, 66 pastors, 8 licentiates, and 54 MASSACHUSETTS. 9,478 communicants ; the Methodists, 64 ministers and 9,57? communicants j the Episcopalians, 19 ministers ; the Unitarians, 3 societies and 1 minister ; and there are some Free-will Baptists, Christians, and Universalists. The number of periodical papers in 1840 was 20. Vermont sends 5 representatives to congress. The governor's salary is $750. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON VERMONT. 1. How is Vermont bounded? 2. Between what degrees of latitude and longitude does it lie ? 3. What is its length, breadth, square miles, and population in 1830 1 Popu lation to a square mile ? 4. How many counties does it contain ? 5. What is said of the soil ? 6. What are the principal productions ? 7. What the principal exports ? Rivers ? 8. What was the amount of exports in 1839? 9. By what states was Vermont originally claimed ? 10. In what is the legislative power vested 1 11. How many representatives is each town in the state allowed to seodl 12. In whom is the executive power vested? 13. To whom does the constitution grant the right of suffrage? 14. What is said of the council of censors and their duty? 15. How many banks are there in4he state? 16. At which town is the branch of the United States Bank? 17. How many colleges, and where located ? 18. What is said in regard to the support of common schools? 19. How many representatives does Vermont send to congress? 20. What is the governor's salary ? MASSACHUSETTS. ARMS OF MASSACHUSETTS. MASSACHUSETTS is bounded N. by Vermont and New Hampshire ; E. by the Atlantic ; S. by Rhode Island and Connecticut ; and W. by New- York. It lies between 41 23' and 43 52' N. lat. and between 3 33' and 7 10' E. longi- tude from Washington. It contains 7,250 square miles, or 4,644,000 acres. MASSACHUSETTS. 55 It is divided into 14 counties, and 290 towns. It has on an average 81 per. sons to each square mile, and is the most thickly settled state in the union. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Males. Females. Colored. Tot. Pop. Pop. 1810. County Towns. Suffolk e 28,586 31,693 1,883 62,162 95,773 BOSTON ( Salem Essex ne 39,431 42,929 527 82,887 94,987 < Newburyport ( Ipswich Middlesex m 38,107 39,348 513 77,968 106,611 ( Cambridge Concord Plymouth e 20,905 21,678 410 42,993 47,373 Plymouth Norfolk e 20,436 21,296 169 41,901 53,140 Dedham Bristol . * 23,366 25,178 930 49,474 60,164 ( New Bedford ( Taunton Barnstable se 13,997 14,363 165 28,525 32,548 Barnstable ^antucket se 3,339 3,584 279 7,202 9,012 Nantucket Dukes se 1,702 1,768 48 3,518 3,958 Edgartown Worcester m 41.545 42,449 371 84,365 95,313 Worcester Hampshire "jam 14,999 14,995 225 30,210 30,897 Northampton Hfampden sw 15,288 16,003 349 31,640 37,356 Springfield Franklin nw 14,447 14,765 132 29,334 28,812 Greenfield Berkshire w 18,310 18,510 1,005 37,825 41,745 Lenox Total 294,449 308,559 7,006 610,014 737,699 Population of Massachusetts at different periods. In 1800, 422,845. " 1810, 472,040. Increase from 1800 to 1810, 49,195 " 1820, 523,287. " " 1810 to 1820, 51,247 . " 1830, 610,014. " 1820 to 1830, 86,727 Boston is the chief town. The other most considerable maritime towns are Salem, Newburyport, Marblehead, Beverly, Gloucester, Charlestown, Plymouth, and New Bedford. Worcester, Northampton, Springfield, Greenfield, Pitts- field, Haverhill, Dedham, Lowell, Taunton, Concord, and many others are pleasant and flourishing inland towns. The principal rivers are the Connecticut, Merrimack, Concord, Nashua, Charles, Mystic, Neponset, Taunton, Chickapee, Deerfield, Westfield, Miller's, and Housatonic. The Middlesex Canal, which connects Boston harbor with the Merrimack, is 30 miles long. It was completed in 1804, and was at that time the most consid erable canal in the United States. Blackstone canal extends from Worcester to Providence, and is 45 miles in length. Several different companies have been recently incorporated by the legisla ture of this state for the purpose of constructing rail-roads ; one from Boston to Worcester ; another from Boston to the river Hudson ; another from Boston to Connecticut river ; another from Boston to Providence by Pawtucket ; another from Boston to Taunton ; another from Boston to Lowell ; another from Boston to Lake Ontario, New York ; another from West Stockbridge to the boundary line of the state of New York. PROFILE VIEW OP THE MASSACHUSETTS RAIL-ROAD. 56 MASSACHUSETTS. The principal islands are Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard. The most noted capes are Cape Ann, Cape Cod, and Cape Malabar. The most consid erable bays are Massachusetts, Cape Cod, Barnstable, Plymouth, and Buzzard's bays. There are no large lakes, but there are numerous ponds. The range of the Green Mountains passes from north to south, through the western part of this state. The principal chain takes the name of Hoosac mountain. The highest summits are Saddle and Takonnack mountains. The other most noted mountains in the state, are Wachuset, in Princeton, Mount Tom and Mount Holyoke, near Northampton, and Mount Toby, in Sunderland. The general aspect of the country is interesting, affording many highly varied and extensive prospects. The face of the country is greatly diversified. The south-eastern part is mostly level. There are also level districts of small extent in the vicinity of the Merrimack in the north-east. Salt marshes are numerous in the maritime parts, though not very extensive. Most of that part bordering on the sea-coast, and extending into the interior as far as the county of Worcester, may be regarded as the level division, exhibiting no very considerable elevations. The five western counties of Worcester, Hampshire, Franklin, Hampden, and Berk- shire, present the greatest irregularity of surface, and constitute the highlands of the state. These counties, however, abound in vast tracts of elevated lands diversified with gentle swells, in large districts of pine-plains, in valleys of various extent, as well as in wide intervals, particularly on Connecticut river. The soil is exceedingly various, comprising every description from the most fertile to the most unproductive. li* the south-eastern part it is mostly light and sandy, interspersed, however, with numerous fertile tracts. In the middle and northern parts, toward the sea-coast, it is of a much better quality, though not generally distinguished for its natural fertility ; but by excellent cultivation, a great portion of it is rendered highly productive. The middle and western parts have generally a strong rich soil, excellent for grazing, and suited to most of the purposes of agriculture. The state is almost universally well watered. The streams of every description are remarkably clear and beautiful. The farms generally consist of from 100 to 300 acres, and are, for the most part, well cultivated. In no part of the United States have there been greater ad vances made in agricultural improvements than in Massachusetts. The country is intersected in every direction by roads, which are kept in a good state of repair. The principal productions are, Indian corn, rye, wheat, oats, barley, peas, beans, buck-wheat, potatoes, hops, flax, and hemp. Beef, pork, butter, and cheese are abundant in most parts of the state, and of excellent quality. The county of Berkshire, in particular, is distinguished for its extensive dairies. The state abounds with orchards, and great quantities of cider are annually made, which is the common beverage of the inhabitants. The principal culti vated fruits are apples, peaches, pears, quinces, plums, cherries, and currants. Gardening is an object of attention throughout the state, and all the hortulan vegetables suited to the climate, together with a variety of domestic fruits, are, in this way, extensively cultivated. Massachusetts is the most commercial state in the Union, except New York. The greatest part of the fisheries in the United States belong to this state. Tho principal articles of export are fish, beef, lumber, pork, ardent spirits, flax-seed, whale oil, spermaceti, and various manufactures. The total amount in 1839, was 9,255,000 dollars. This state holds the second rank in point of manufactures. The most con siderable are those of cotton cloths, boots and shoes, ardent spirits, leather, cordage, wrought and cast iron, nails, woollens, ships, straw bonnets, hats, cabinet work, paper, oil, and muskets. There is an extensive national estab- Ushment for the manufacture of arms at Springfield. In 184-1 there were in MASSACHUSETTS. 57 this state 311 cotton mills, with a capital of $18,891,000, making annually 99,231,000 yards of cloth. The principal mines are those of iron, which are found in various parts, and there are numerous establishments for manufacturing iron. The counties of Plymouth and Bristol afford great quantities of this mineral, and there are several rich iron mines in the county of Berkshire. A lead mine is found at South Hadley, and at some other places. Ochres and other fossil produc tions have been found in various places. Quarries of good marble are found in Lanesborough, Stockbridge, Pittsfield, Sheffield, and several other places in Berkshire county. There are quarries of slate at Lancaster, Harvard, and Bernardston, and of soap-stone at Middlefield. Limestone is found in great abundance in the county of Berkshire, and free-stone in all parts of the state. Great quantities of beautiful stone for building are obtained from Chelmsford and Tyngsborough. The climate of Massachusetts is subject to the extremes of heat and cold. The air, however, is generally dry, serene, and healthy. The thermometer in summer is frequently observed to exceed 77 for forty or fifty days toge ther; and sometimes rises to 100. There are in this state 66 banks ; total amount of capital paid in, $20,420,000. Of these, 19 are in Boston, including 2 deposite banks, 6 at Salem, 2 at New Bedford, 2 at Newburyport, 2 at Worcester, and the rest are scattered through the state with but one in a town. The principal literary institutions are Harvard University in Cam- , 1-1 i i i i i- i i i i 11 Education. bridge, connected with which there are mecuca!, theological, and law schools ; Williams College at WilliamsU^ft ; Amhcrst College at Amherst ; Massachusetts Medical College in Boston connected with Harvard University ; Berkshire Medical Institution connected with Williams College; the Theologi cal Seminaries at Andover and Newton ; Round Hill School at Northampton Berkshire Gymnasium at Pittsfield, and Mount Pleasant Classical Institution at Amherst. There are also 56 incorporated academies, of which Philips Acade- my at Andover, the oldest and best endowed, was incorporated in 1780, and has educated 2,025 scholars. Common schools are well supported throughout the state. The laws require that every town or district, containing 50 families, shall be provided with a school or schools equivalent in time to six months for one. school in a year ; containing 100 families, 12 months; 150 families, 18 months; and the several towns in the state are authorized and directed to raise such sums of money as are necessary for the support of the schools, and to assess and collect the money in the same manner as other town taxes. Each town is also required to choose annually a school committee of 3, 5, or 7 persons, to take the general charge and superintendence of the public schools. The number of periodical presses in Massachusetts in 1830 was estimated at 40. The Congregationalists have 491 churches, and 423 ordained min- Rfcli . isters, 118 of whom are Unitarians; the Baptists, 129 churches, 110 nonSHl. ministers, and 12,580 communicants; the Methodists, 71 preachers tlons< 1831 ' and 8,200 members ; the Universalists, 46 societies ; the Episcopalians, 31 ministers ; the New Jerusalem Church, 8 societies ; the Presbyterians, 9 min isters ; the Roman Catholics, 4 churches ; and the Shakers, 4 societies. The territory of Massachusetts comprised, for many years after its first settlement, two separate colonies, styled the Plymouth Colony and the Colony of Massachusetts Bay. > The first English settlement that was made in New England, was formed by 101 persons who fled from religious persecution in England, landed at Ply mouth on the 22d of December, 1620, and laid the foundation of Plymouth Colony. II 58 MASSACHUSETTS. Constitution ^he constitution of this state was framed in 1780, and amended in and govern- 1821. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, which together are styled The General Court of Mas sachusetts. The members of the house of representatives are elected annually in May ; and they must be chosen ten days at least before the last Wednesday of that month. Every corporate town having 300 ratable polls may elect one repre- 'sentative, and another for every additional 450 ratable polls. The senate consists of 40 members, who are chosen, by districts, annually, on the first Monday in April. The supreme executive magistrate is styled The Governor of the Common wealth of Massachusetts, and has the title of " His Excellency." The governor is elected annually by the people on the first Monday of April, and at the same time a lieutenant-governor is chosen, who has the title of " His Honor." The governor is assisted in the executive part of government by a council of nine members, who are chosen, by the joint ballot of the senators and represent atives, from the senators ; and in case the persons elected, or any of them, decline the appointment, the deficiency is supplied from among the people at large. The general court meets (at Boston) on the last Wednesday of May, and also in January. The right of suffrage is granted to every male citizen, 21 years of age and upwards (excepting paupers and persons under guardianship,) who has resided within the commonwealth one yeaia and within the town or district in which he may claim a right to vote, six Calendar months next preceding any election, and who has paid a state or county tax, assessed upon him within two years next preceding such election ; and also every citizen who may be by law exempted from taxation, and who may be, in all other respects, qualified" as above mentioned. The judiciary is vested in a supreme court, a court of common pleas, and such other courts as the legislature may establish. The judges are appointed by the governor by and with the advice and consent of the council, and hold their offices during good behavior. Massachusetts sends 12 representatives to congress. The governor's salary is $3,666 67. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON MASSACHUSETTS. 1. How many square miles does Massachusetts contain ? 2. How many inhabitants does it contain to a square mile? 3. How many counties? Population in 1840? 4. Chief towns and rivers ? 5. Mention the principal islands and capes. 6. Mountains. 7. Describe the face of the country. 8. What is said in regard to manufactures and commerce ? 9. What are the principal minerals, and where found ? 10. What is said of the climate? 11. How many banks are there in Massachusetts] 12. How many of them are in Boston? 13. Mention the principal literary institutions. 14. What is said in regard to common schools? 15. Give an account of the first English settlement in New England. 16. In what is the legislative power vested ? 17. When is the annual election for representatives, and when for senators ? 18. By whom is the governor assisted in the executive part of his office? RHODE ISLAND. 19. When and where does the general court meet? 20. To whom is the right of suffrage granted ? 21. How many representatives does Massachusetts senu to 22. What is the governor's salary ? RHODE ISLAND. ARMS OF RHODE ISLAND. LENGTH 40 miles. Breadth, 29. Contains 1350 square miles. Bounded N. and E. by Massachusetts ; S. by the Atlantic ; W. by Connecticut. Between 41 22' and 42 3' N. L. and 5 7' and 5 54' E. L. from Washington. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1920. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1840. County Towns. Providence n Newport se Washington sw Kent m Bristol e Total 35,786 15,771 15,687 10,228 5,637 47,014 16,534 15,414 12,784 5,466 58,073 16,874 14,324 13,083 6,476 PROVIDENCE Newport South Kingston East Greenwich Bristol 83,059 97,212 108,830 Population. 1790, 68,825 1800, 69,122 1810, 76,931 1820, 83,059 1830, 97,212 Population at different periods. Slares. 948 380 108 48 14 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 297 1800 1810, 7,809 1810 1820, 6,128 1820 1830, 14,153 Population to a square mile, 75, being the second state in the Union in point of a dense population. The rivers are Pawtucket, Providence, Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, and Wood river. Narraganset bay extends up from S. to N. between the main land on the E. and W., and embosoms many pleasant and fertile islands; among 60 RHODE ISLAND. which are Rhode Island, from which the state derives its name, Canonicut, Prudence, Patience, Hope, Dyer's, and Hog Islands. Block Island, off the coast in the Atlantic, is the most southerly land belonging to the state. The most considerable towns are Providence, Newport, Bristol, Warren, South Kingston, East Greenwich, Smithlield, and the villages of Pawtucket, and Pawtuxet. The harbors are Newport, Providence, Wickford, Pawtuxet Bristol, and Warren. The face of the country is mostly level, except in the north-west part, which is hilly and rocky. The soil is generally better adapted to grazing than till age. A large proportion of the western and north-western part of the state has a thin and lean soil ; but the islands and the country bordering on Narra- ganset bay, are of great fertility, and are celebrated for their fine cattle, their numerous flocks of sheep, and the abundance and excellence of their butter and cheese. Here are found some of the finest cattle in New England. Cider is made for exportation. Corn, rye, barley, oats, and in some places wheat, are produced in sufficient quantities for home consumption ; and the various kinds of grasses, fruits, culinary roots and plants, in great abundance and per fection. The rivers and bays swarm with a variety of excellent fish. Iron ore is found in large quantities in several parts, and some copper ; there is also an abundance of limestone, particularly in the county of Providence. The manufactures of Rhode Island are extensive. They consist chiefly of iron, cotton, woollen, paper, and hats. In 184-1 there were in Rhode Island 116 cotton manufactories, with an ag gregate capital, including cost of land, water power, buildings and machinery, of $6,262,340. These establishments consume annually 10,415,578 pounds of cotton, and make 37,121,681 yards of cloth. Persons employed in them, 8,500, including women and children : aggregate amount of their wages, $1,177,527. There an; likewise in this state 5 bleacheries, and two establish- ments for printing calicoes connected with the cotton manufactories, with an aggregate capital of $532,375, making the grand total of 6,794,715 dollars, employed in the manufacture of cotton. The amount of capital employed in the manufacture of iron and steel, is $802,666, divided among 10 founderies and 30 machine-shops. Cost of establishments for the manufacture of wool in this state, including land, water-power, buildings, stock in trade &c., is $263,000. The exports consist chiefly of flaxseed, lumber, horses, cattle, beef, pork, fish, poultry, onions, butter, cheese, barley, grain, spirits, and cotton and linen goods. They amount annually to about 390,000 dollars. The climate of this state is as healthy as that of any part of America ; and it is more temperate than the climate of any of the other New England states, particularly on the islands, where the breezes from the sea have the -effect not only to mitigate the heat in summer, but to moderate the cold in winter. The summers are delightful, especially on the island of Rhode Island. In Rhode Island there are 6'2 banks ; 21 of which, including a deposits bank, are in Providence ; the others are in various parts of the state. The amount of capital stock is $9,880,500. Brown University is situated at Providence ; at the same place location. t k ere . g a gemmar y styled the Friends' Boarding School ; and there are 8 or 10 academies in the state. Increasing attention has of late been paid to education ; and the state now pays annually, for the support of free schools, the sum of $10,000, which is divided among the several towns according to population. There are in the state 10 periodical papers. The following was the number of the various religious denominations in this atate, in 1841. The Baptists had 19 churches, 16 ministers, 3000 communi- RHODE ISLAND. 01 cants ; the Methodists, 14- preachers, and 1,500 members ; the Congregation, alists, 12 churches, 10 ministers, and 1,200 communicants; the Unitarians, 2 societies, and 2 ministers; the Sabbatarians, about 1,000 communicants , the Six-Principle Baptists, about 8 churches, and about 800 communicants ; the Friends are considerably numerous : and there are some Universalists, and 1 Roman Catholic church. The above is partly from estimate. The settlement of this state was commenced at Providence, in 1636, by tho celebrated Roger Williams, a minister who was banished from Massachusetts on account of his religious opinions ; and in 1638 the settlement of the island of Rhode Island was begun by William Coddington, John Clarke, and others. In 1643, Mr. Williams went to England, and obtained, in 1764, a charter, by which the settlements of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations were united under one government, and which continued in force till 1663, when a new charter was granted by Charles II., which has ever since formed the basis of the government. Rhode Island is the only state in the Union which is without a Govern- written constitution. ment - The legislative power is vested in a General Assembly, consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The house of representatives consists of 72 members, 6 from Newport, 4 from each of the towns of Providence, Portsmouth, and W T arwick, and two from each of the other towns in the state ; and they are elected semi-annually in April and August. The senate consists of 10 members, who are elected annually in April. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected annually in April. A lieutenant-governor is also elected, on whom the executive duties de volve in case of the office of governor being vacated. The general assembly meets four times a year ; at Newport on the first Wednesday in May, (the commencement of the political year,) and by ad journment, at the same place, in June. It meets on the last Wednesday in October, alternately at Providence and South Kingston ; and by adjournment, in January, at East Greenwich, Bristol, or Providence. The judges are appointed annually by the general assembly. This state sends two representatives to congress. The governor's annual salary is 400 dollars. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON RHODE ISLAND. 1. What is the length and breadth of Rhode Island? 2. How many counties does it contain ? 3. What was the total population of the state in 1830, and 18401 4. What was the increase of the population between 1820 and 1830? 5. Name the principal rivers, bays, and islands. 6. What are the principal towns and harbors ? 7. Describe the face of the country. 8. What are some of the principal productions? 9. What are the principal minerals ? 10. What is the number of cotton factories? 11. What their aggregate capital? 12. How much cloth do they make annually? 13. How many banks are there in Rhode Island? 14. How many of these are in Providence? 15. What can you say in regard to education? 16. Which is the most numerous denomination of Christians in this state ? 17. What is said in regard to the history of the state ? J CONNECTICUT. 18. What charter now forms the basis of the government! 19. Jn what is the legislative power vested ? 20. Of what does the house of representatives consist ? 21. Of what the senate? 22. How often does the general assembly meet 1 23. How are the judges appointed ? 24. How many representatives docs this state send to congress ? 25. What is the governor's salary ? CONNECTICUT. ARMS OF CONNECTICUT. CONNECTICUT is bounded N. by Massachusetts ; E. by Rhode Island ; S. by Long Island Sound, and W. by New York. It lies between 41 and 42 2' N. lat. and between 3 16' and 5 11' E. longitude from Washington. It is 90 miles long, 70 broad, and contains 4,764 square miles. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 18i>0. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1840. County Towns. Fairfield sw 42,739 46,950 49,917 ( Fairfield ( Danbury Hartford nm 47,264 51,141 55,629 HARTFORD Litchfield nw 41,267 42,855 40,448 Litchfield Middlesex sm 22,405 24,845 24,879 ( Middletown ( Haddam New Haven sm 39,616 43,848 48,619 NEW HAVEN New London se 35,943 42,295 44,463 ( New London ( Norwich Tolland nm 14,330 18,700 17,980 Tolland Windham ne 25,331 27,077 28,080 Brooklyn 8 Total 275,248 297,711 301,015 CONNECTICUT. 63 Population at Different Periods. Population. Slaves. In 1790, 287,946 1800, 251,002 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 13,056 2,764 1810, 261,942 1800 1810, 10,940 954 1820, 275,248 1810 1820, 13,306 310 1830, 297,711 1820 1830, 22,463 97 The principal rivers are the Connecticut, Housatonic, Thames, Farmington, and Naugatuck. The principal harbors are those of New London and New Haven. Farmington Canal extends from New Haven to the northern border of the state, 57 miles, where it unites with the Hampshire and Hampden Canal, which leads to Westfield, and it is now continued to Northampton whole length, 87 miles. Hartford, New Haven, Middletown, New London, and Norwich are incor porated cities ; Bridgeport, Danbury, Guilford, Killingworth, Newtown, Stam ford, Stonington, and Waterbury, boroughs. The face of the country is greatly diversified by mountains, hills and valleys. There are but few level tracts, nor any considerable mountains. The greatest elevation is a range of small mountains on the west side of Connecticut river, being a continuation of the Green Mountains. The hills are generally of mod erate size, and occur in quick succession, presenting to the traveller an ever- varying prospect. The soil is generally rich and fertile, though intermixed with portions that are comparatively thin and barren ; and the whole is well watered. It is gen erally in a state of good cultivation, resembling, in many parts, a well culti vated garden. The principal productions are Indian corn, rye, wheat in many parts, oats, barley, buckwheat, flax in large quantities, some hemp, potatoes, pumpkins, turnips, peas, beans, &c. Orchards are very numerous, and cider is made for exportation. The state is, however, generally better adapted to grazing than to tillage ; and its fine meadows and pastures enable the farmers to feed great numbers of neat cattle, horses, and sheep. The quantity of but ter and cheese made annually is great, and of well-known excellence. Beef and pork of superior quality, are also abundant. The state is generally laid out in small farms, from 50 to 300 and 400 acres. It is intersected by numer ous roads, which are generally kept in a good state of repair ; and is the third state in the Union in point of dense population, containing 62 to a square mile. Though exposed to the extremes of heat and cold, and to sudden changes of temperature, the country is very healthful. The north-west winds, which pre- vail during the winter, are keen, but the serenity of the sky during the same season, makes amends, in some degree, for the severity of the weather. In the maritime towns, the weather is particularly variable, changing as the wind blows from sea or land ; in the inland country it is less so. The foreign trade of this state is principally with the West Indies : but its coasting trade is the most considerable. Its exports consist of beef, pork, cat tle, horses, mules, butter, cheese, maize, rye, flax-seed, fish, candles, and soap. The whole amount, in 1839, was 583,000 dollars. Almost all the produce of the western part of the state is carried to New York. Mines of different kinds have been found in this state, but in general they have not been wrought to any considerable extent. There is a lead mine on the Connecticut, two miles from Middletown, which was wrought during the revolutionary war. Copper mines have been discovered and opened in several places, but having proved unprofitable, have been neglected. Iron mines abound in many parts, and are productive. A quarry of valuable stone is found in Chatham, and one of marble in Milford. At Stafford is a mineral spring, the most celebrated in New England. 64 CONNECTICUT. Connecticut has considerable manufactures of various descriptions, con sisting of wool, cotton, paper, iron in different forms, glass, snuff, powder, buttons, hats, clocks, &c. Tin-ware is extensively manufactured, and sent to all parts of the United States. In 1841 there were in the state 94 cotton manufactories, with a capital of $2,825,000, making annually 2,055,500 yards of cloth. There are, likewise, more than 40 woollen manufactories in this slate. The total value of all kinds of manufactures in 1841 was estimated at about $1,600,000. There are in Connecticut 31 banks, including a bank for public deposits at Hartford. The amount of bank stock in 1841 was $8,800,000. Education. ^e co ^ e ? es m Connecticut are Yale College, at New Haven, which has connected with it medical, theological, and law schools; Washington College, at Hartford ; and Wesleyan College or University, re cently founded at Middletown. At Hartford is the American Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb ; and there are other respectable literary seminaries and academies at New Haven, Hartford, and various other places* This state possesses an important School Fund, which was derived from the eale of lands, reserved by Connecticut, in the state of Ohio, and which amounted on the first of April, 1840, to $2,040,228 74. The income of this fund is appropriated to the support of primary schools. In the year ending March 31, 1841, the sum of $11-2,600 was divided among the different free schools throughout the state. The number of children between the ages of 4 and 16, in ^1841, was 84,899; and the dividends amounted to $1 35 to each child. The number of periodical presses in 1841 was 35. Reiigiousde- The Congregational ists have 236 ministers and 36 licentiates; the nominations. Baptists, 99 churches, 78 ministers, 14 licentiates, and 9,732 com* municants ; the Episcopalians, 59 ministers ; the Methodists, 40 ministers, and 7,000 communicants; thdre are also several societies of Friends, several of Universalists, two of Unitarians, one of Catholics, one of Shakers and some Free-will Baptists, and a few Sandemanians. The territory of Connecticut originally comprised two colonies ; the colony of Connecticut, and the colony of New Haven. * The settlement of Hartford, in the colony of Connecticut, was commenced by emigrants from Massachusetts, in 1635 ; and that of New Haven, in 1638, by emigrants from England. In 1662, a charter was granted by Charles II., with ample privileges, uniting the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven under one government ; but the colony of New Haven refused, for some time, to accept the charter, and the union did not take place till 1665. The charter was suspended, in 1687, by Sir Edmund Andros; but it was restored again after the revolution of 1688 in England; and it formed the basis of the government till 1818. Constitution ^he cnarter granted in 1662 by Charles II., formed the basis of the and govern- government of Connecticut till 1818, when the present constitution was framed. The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, which together are styled the General Assembly. The members of the house of representatives are chosen by the different towns in the state : the more ancient towns, the majority of the whole num ber, send each two representatives ; the rest only one each. The present number is 208. The senate must consist of not less than 18, nor more than 24 members, who are chosen by districts. The present number is 21. The executive power is vested in a governor. A lieutenant-governor is also chosen, who is president of the senate, and on whom the duties of the governor devolve in case of his death, resignation, or absence. CONNECTICUT. 65 The representatives, senators, governor, and lieutenant-governor are all elected annually by the people on the first Monday in April. The general assembly has one stated session every year, on the first Wed nesday in May, alternately at Hartford (1831) and at New Haven (1832). " Every white male citizen of the United States, who shall have gained a settlement in this state, attained the age of 21 years, and resided in the town in which he may offer himself to be admitted to the privilege of an elector, at least six months preceding, and have a freehold estate of the yearly value of seven dollars, in this state ; or having been enrolled in the militia, shall have performed military duty therein for the term of one year next preceding the time he shall offer himself for admission, or being liable thereto, shall have been, by authority of law, excused therefrom ; or shall have paid a state tax within the year next preceding the time he shall present himself for such ad mission, and shall sustain a good moral character, shall, on his taking such an oath as may be prescribed by law, be an elector." The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court of Errors, a Superior Court, and such inferior courts as the general assembly may, from time to time, establish. The judges are appointed by the general assembly ; and those of the Supreme and Superior Courts hold their offices during good behavior ; but not beyond the age of 70 years. No person is compelled to join, or support, or to be classed with, or associ ated to any congregation, church, or religious association. But every person may be compelled to pay his proportion of the expenses of the society to which he may belong : he may, however,' separate himself from the society by leaving a written notice of his wish with the clerk of such society. The governor's annual salary is 1100 dollars. This state sends six representatives to congress. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON CONNECTICUT. 1. How is Connecticut bounded? 2. What was the population in 1830 and 1840 1 3. How many counties does it contain ? 4. Which is the most populous city ? 5. What is said of the Farmington Canal ? 6. What is said of the face of the country ? Soil and productions 7 7. How does Connecticut rank in point of a dense population 1 9. What are its principal exports? What was the amount in 18397 9. Mention the principal articles manufactured. 10. How many cotton manufactories were there in 1841? 11. What was the amount of capital employed in them? 12. How many yards of cloth do they make annually ? 13. How many banks are there in Connecticut? 14. Mention the principal literary institutions. 15. What was the amount of the school fund in 1840? 16. From what was the school fund derived? 17. Which denomination of Christians is the most numerous ? 18. What can you say of the history of the state? 19. What formed the basis of the government of Connecticut till 1818? 20. When is the annual election for governor, senators, and representatives t 21. When and how often does the general assembly meet? 22. What is a necessary qualification for an elector? 23. What is the governor's salary ? 24. How many representatives does Connecticut send to congress ? NEW YORK. NEW YORK. ARMS OF NEW YORK. NEW YORK is the most northern of the middle states, and the most populous state in the Union. It is bounded N. by lake Ontario, the St. Lawrence and Lower Canada ; E. by Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut ; S. by the Atlantic, New Jersey and Pennsylvania ; W. by Pennsylvania, Lake Erie, and the Niagara. Between 30 45' and 45 N. latitude; and 2 51' W. and 5 E. longitude from Washington. Length, 316 miles. Breadth, 304. Con taining 47,000 square miles. Population to a square mile, 50. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. South District. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1840. County Towns. Columbia e 38,330 39,952 43,252 Hudson )utchess se 46,615 50,926 52,398 Poughkeepsie jreen em 22,996 29,525 30,446 CatskiU ings s 11,187 20,537 47,613 Flatbush New York s 123,706 203,007 312,710 New York Orange s 41,213 45,372 50,739 I Newburgh 3 utnam se 11,268 12,701 12,825 Carmel Queens s 21,519 22,276 30,324 N. Hempstead Richmond s 6,135 7,084 10,965 Richmond Rockland s 8,837 9,388 11,975 Clarkstown Suffolk se 24,272 26,980 32,469 Suffolk C. H Sullivan s 8,900 12,372 15,629 Monticello Ulster sm 30,934 36,551 45,822 Kingston Westchester se 32,638 36,456 48,686 Bedford . 14 Total S. Dist. 428,550 537,041 745,853 NEW YORK. 67 TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS Concluded. North District. Counties. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1835. Pop. 1S40 County Towns. Albany em 53,560 59,762 68,5 ALBANY Alleghany wm 26,218 35,214 40,9 Angelica Broome sm 17,582 20,190 22,3 Binghampton Cattaraugus wm 16,726 24,986 28,8 Ellicotisville Cayuga m 47,947 49,202 50,3 Auburn Chatauque w 34,057 44,869 47,9 Mayville Chemung swm 17,459 20,7 Elmira Chenango sm 37,404 40,762 40,7 Norwich Clinton ne 19,344 20,742 28,1 Plattsburg Cortlandt m 23,693 24,168 24,6 Cortlandville Delaware sm 32,933 34,192 35,3 Delhi Erie w 35,710 57,594 62,4 Buffalo Essex ne 19,387 20,699 23,6 Elizabethtown Franklin n 11,312 12,501 16,5 Malone Fulton em 18,0 Johnstown Genesee w 51,992 58,588 59,5 Batavia Hamilton m 1,324 1,654 1,9 Herkimer m 35,869 36,201 37,4 Herkimer Jefferson nw 48,515 53,088 60,9 Watertown Lewis nm 14,958 16,093 17,8 Martinsburgh Livingston wm 27,719 31,092 35.1 Geneseo Madison m 39,037 41,741 40^0 3 Morrisville Monroe wm 49,862 . 58,085 64,90' I Rochester VIontgomery em 43,595 46,705 35,8 1! 3 Fonda Niagara w 18,845 26,490 31,132 Lockport Oneida m 71,326 77,518 cr; 01 A $ Rome 85,310 | Whitesboro > Onondaga m 58,974 60,908 67,911 Syracuse Ontario wm 40,176 40,870 43,501 Canandaigua Orleans wm 18,485 22,893 25,127 Albion Oswego wm 27,104 38,245 A O 1 Ol / v^SWcfc^O 4*o,oiy '. p^j-jgkj Otsego m 51,372 50,428 49,628 Cooperstown Rensselaer e 49,472 55,515 60,295 Troy Saratoga tm 36,616 38,012 40,553 Ballston St. Lawrence nw 36,351 42,047 56,706 Canton Schenectady em Schoharie m 12,334 27,910 16,230 28,508 17,387 Schenectady 32,338 Schoharie Seneca wm 21,031 22,627 O/l Q'7'l J v_JVlu /i^r.o /* < TTT . i ( Waterloo Steuben swm 33,975 41,435 46,138 Bath Tioga swm 27,704 16,540 20,527 Owego Tompkins swm 36,545 38,008 37,948 Ithaca Warren em 11,795 12,034 13,422 Caldwell Washington e 42,615 39,326 41 080 $ Salem i1 ' 080 I Sandy Hill Wayne wm 33,555 37,788 42,057 Lyons Yates wm 19,019 19,796 30,444 Penn Yann 44 Total N.Dist. 1,366,467 1,527,804 1,683,068| 58 Total JV. York. 1,913,508 2,171,517 2,428,921 Lake Erie Buffalo Tonnewanta. Or. Pendleton Lockport Middleport Road under can. Newport BrocTcport t Rochester Pittsfield Grt. Embankment Palmyra "Newark : Lyons 'Clyde \ Montezuma Weedsport ^Jordan Olisco f Syracuse i Manlius 'JVeio Boston Oneida Cr. NEW YORK. Population at Different Periods. Population. Increase from Slaves In 1790, 340,120 21,324 1800, 586,060 1790 to 1800, 245,930 20,613 1810, 959,049 1800 1810, 372,999 15,017 1820, 1,372,812 1810 1820, 413,763 10,088 1825, 1,616,458 1830, 1,913,508 1820 1830, 540,696 46 The principal rivers are the Hudson, Mohawk, St. Lawrence, Delaware, Susquehannab,Tioga,Allegha- ny, Genesee, Oswego, Niagara, Tonnewanta, Black, Oswegatchie, St. Regis, Racket, Salmon, and Sara- nac. A part of the lakes Erie, Ontario, and Cham- plain, belongs to New York. The other lakes in this state are, lakes George, Cayuga. Seneca, Oneida, Oswegatchie, Canandaigua, Chatauque, Skeneatefes, and several smaller ones. Statement of the Length, Receipts, and Expenditures of the N. Y. State Canals, during the year ending 30 Sept. ,1839. Rome Utice ! Steers Cr. German Flats Fall Hill Little Falls Canajoharie Anthonife Nose ISchoharie 'Flint Hill PlattskillJlq. Schenectady Wat Hoix Gap Cahoos Falls Champlain Canal Albany Hudson River Canals. Miies. Receipts. Expenditure. Erie and Champlain, Oswego, Cayuga and Seneca, Chemung, Crooked Lake, Chenango, Total, 426 36 ' 22 37 8 97 $1,617,246 65 37,278 80 19,354 67 4,767 62 1,893 90 17,999 19 $505,729 63 48,776 42 37,245 35 31,303 65 9,663 42 136,993 44 626 $1,698,540 8b $769,711 91 The Erie Canal, which forms a communication between the Hudson and lake Erie, extending from Albany to Buffalo, is the most magnificent work of the kind in America, and is much longer than any canal in Europe. The Champlain Canal, which forms a communi cation between the Hudson and lake Champlain, is 63 miles long, and extends from Whitehall to Water- vliet, where it unites with the Erie Canal. The Oswego Canal extends from Oswego to Salina, 38 miles, and unites lake Ontario with the Erie Canal. The Delaware and Hudson Canal, formed by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, extends from the Hudson to the Delaware, 60 miles ; thence up the Delaware, 22 miles ; thence up the valley of the Lackawaxen to Honesdale, 24 miles ; total length, 106 miles: average cost, about $15,000 a mile. Cayuga and Seneca Canal commences at Geneva r and runs along the north end of Seneca lake to the outlet, thence down the outlet to Montezuma whole distance 22 miles. Chernung Canal extends from the head of Seneca lake to Elmira. It is supplied with water by a na vigable feeder, taken from the Chemung river, 16 miles long, and making the whole length 37 miles. The surface of the eastern part of the state of New York, is greatly diversified ; there are some level tracts ; but the greater part is hilly, or mountainous. The Catskill mountains are the principal range in the state. There are numerous summits west of Lake NEW YORK. 69 Champlain, the highest of which is estimated at nearly 3,000 feet above the lake. The western part of the state is mostly a level, or moderately uneven country ; but towards the Pennsylvania line it becomes hilly and broken. A great part of this state has a good soil, and a considerable portion is cele brated for its fertility. Much of the country is excellent for grazing ; and a great proportion is exceedingly well adapted to raising grain, and to the vari ous purposes of agriculture. The level tracts in the western part have a deep rich soil, and yield abundant crops of Indian corn, wheat, &c. A considerable part of the state is under good cultivation, particularly the west end of Long Island, and the counties of West-Chester and Duchess and other counties. Wheat is raised in greater abundance than any other kind of grain* Indian corn, rye, oats, flax, hemp, peas, beana, various kinds of grass, &c., are ex tensively cultivated. Orchards are abundant, and great quantities of excellent cider are made. Various other kinds of fruit flourish well, as pears, peaches in the southern part, plums, cherries, &c. Iron ore is found in great abundance, in various parts. Gypsum, limestone, marble, slate, lead, &c., occur in different places. Salt springs are found in the counties of Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, Ontario, Genesee, and Oneida. These springs supply 20,000,000 bushels of salt annually, and the manufacture may be exteflded to any desirable quantity. The mineral waters of New York are the most celebrated in America. The waters of Saratoga and Ballston are visited from all parts of the Union. New Lebanon Springs are much re sorted to for bathing. Sulphur springs are numerous ; of these Clifton springs at Farmington, are the most noted. Oil springs, which produce Seneca oil, are found in Cataraugus and Alleghany counties. There are many natural curiosities in this state; the most celebrated of which is the great cataract of Niagara. Baker's and Glen's Falls on the Hudson, Adgate Falls on Sable river, the Cohoes on the Mohawk, and the falls on the Genesee, Salmon river, Fall Creek, Black river, and West Canada Creek, are all objects of interest. The passage of the Hudson through the Highlands, Rockbridge in Chester, Split Rock on Lake Champlain, the Ridge road extending from the Genesee to Lewiston, and the scenery around Lake George, are all regarded as curiosities. Not long since there was discovered on the north bank of Black river, op posite to the village of Watertown, an extraordinary cavern, the mouth of which is about 10 rods from the river. It has been but partially explored, al though it is said to have been traversed to the distance of more than 100 rods. It is of vast extent, comprising a great number of spacious rooms, halls, and chambers, with immense quantities of calcareous concretions in different states, from the consistence of lime mortar to that of the most beautiful sta lactites as hard as marble. The mouth of the cavern is a small hollow, about 5 feet below the surrounding surface of the earth. You then descend 16 feet into a room, about 16 feet by 20, and 8 feet high ; and behold in front of you a large table rock, 12 or 14 feet square, 2 thick, and elevated about 4 feet from the bottom of the cavern ; the roof over-head is covered with stalactites, some of which reach to the rock. On your left hand is an arched way of 150 feet, and on your right is another arched way, 6 feet broad at the bottom, and 6 high, leading into a large room. Passing by this arch about 20 feet, you ar rive at another, which leads into a hall 10 feet wide, and 100 long, from 5 to 8 high, supported by pillars and arches, and the side bordered with curtains, plaited in variegated forms, as white as snow. Near the middle of this hall am arched way extends through, which, like the hall, is bordered with curtains, hung over with stalactites. Returning into the hall, you pass through another arch into a number of rooms on the left hand, curtained, and having stalac tites hanging from the roof. You then descend 10 feet into a chamber about 20 feet square, 2 high, curtained in like manner, and hung over with stalac- 70 NEW YORK. tites. In one corner of this chamber, a small mound is formed, about 12 feel in diameter, rising 3 feet from the floor ; the top of which is hollow and full of water, from the drippings of stalactites above, some of which reach near to the basin. The number and spaciousness of the rooms, curtained and plaited with large plaits, extending along the walls from 2 or 3 feet from the roof, of the most perfect whiteness, resembling the most beautiful tapestry ; the large drops of water which are constantly suspended from the roofs above ; the columns of spar resting on pedestals, which in some places seem to be formed to support the arches ; the reflection of the lights, and the great extent and variety of the scenery of this wonderful cavern, form altogether one of the most pleasing and interesting scenes of the kind ever beheld by the eye of man. The exports of New York exceed those of any other state in the Union, and amounted, in 1839, to 33,268,000 dollars. They consist of beef, pork, wheat, flour, Indian corn, rye, butter, cheese, pot and pearl ashes, flaxseed, peas r beans, horses, cattle, lumber, &c. Manufac- There were in this state in 1841, 258 woollen manufactories, and tures. tn e total value of woollens manufactured annually was estimated at $3,000,000. The number of iron works in the state is over 200, and the total value of all manufactures of iron is estimated at $4,000,000.- There are in the state of New York, rising 120 cotton manufactories. Amount of capital invested, $4,485,500 Value of goods manufactured annually, 3,530,250 Pounds of cotton used annually, 7,961^670 Equal to 26,538 bales, of 300 Ibs. each. Number of spindles in use, 157,316- Number of persons employed and sustained by said establishments, 15,971 The following will give some idea of the amount of several of the principal manufactures in this state made annually. Woollens .$2,500,000 Cottons 3,520,250 Iron and manufactures 4,000,000 Paper 700,000 Leather 3,458,650 Hats 3,500,000 Boots and shoes, deducting leather 3,000,000 Window glass 200,000 Domestic articles made in families 4,823,831 The above is by estimate $25,702,731 Onondaga Salt Springs. On the borders of Onondaga lake there are val uable saline springs, which are the property of the state, and from which salt, in large quantities, is manufactured. The water yields salt at the rate of one bushel to 45 gallons. The salt is made at the villages of Salina, Syracuse, Liverpool, and Geddes. The amount made annually at these works is about 2,200,000 bushels, and the state duty amounts to about 150,000 dollars. Banks. There are in the state of New York, January, 1842, 198 banks, with an aggregate capital of rising 37,000,000 of dollars. NEW YORK. 71 . The principal literary seminaries in this state are Columbia Col lege, in the city of New York ; Union College, at Schenectady ; Hamilton College, at Clinton ; Geneva College, at Geneva ; the Medical Colleges in New York city and at Fairfield ; the Theological Seminaries in New York city at Auburn, Hartwick, and Hamilton ; the Polytechny, at Chittenango ; the Albany Academy, and about 60 other academies. The Common School System was established by the act of 19 June, 1812, and the first distribution of the income was made in 1814. The capital of the School Fund, unproductive, consists of 423,729 acres of lands unsold, valued at $190,809-75. The productive fund, on the 1st of January, 1840, amounted to the sum of $1,978,069-63. There are 58 organized counties in the state, 9 cities, containing 57 wards, and 823 towns. Total, 880. Whole number of school districts, 10,706. Number of children between the ages of 5 and 16 years, residing in said dis tricts, 564,790. Number of children taught in 1838, 557,229. Average number attending school in each district, 55. Average term during which schools were taught by qualified. teachers, 8 months. Amount of public money received by the commissioners for distribution in April, 1839, $632,615-66. Amount apportioned among the districts for teachers' wages, $524,674-76. Average wages of male teachers, $16-60 per month. Amount apportioned for the establishment of district school libraries, $94,937-52.. ASYLUMS FOR THE INSANE. The Bloomingdale Asylum, connected with the New York Hospital, has been liberally endowed by the State ; but it is not appropriated exclusively to the insane. The number of patients treated for insanity during the year 1839, was 251. Of these, 68 were discharged cured, 32 improved, 11 at the request of friends ; 14 died, and 126 remained. Average number during the year, 140.^ The State Lunatic Asylum, a magnificent institution, is now building at Utica, and is intended to accommodate, when completed, 1,000 patients. The building now going up, is 550 feet in length, including the wings, the centre being 46, and the wings 40 feet in width. The Asylum on BlackwelVs Island affords accommodations for 200 patients. And improvements are constantly making in all these institutions. ASYLUM FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. The New York Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb, is situated near the city of New York, and is under the fostering care of the State. Of 169, the whole number resident at the Asylum in 1839, 120 were supported at the expense of the State. INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND. The managers of this Institution, which is situated in the neighborhood of New York city, are authorized to receive 16 pupils, between the ages of 8 and 25 years, from each Senate district, to be boarded and educated at the expense of the State. The number at the Institution on the 1st of January, 1840, was only 59, although, by law, 120 may be received. 72 NEW YORK. The Presbyterians have 5 synods, 30 presbyteries, 600 churches, Religious 500 ministers, 12 1 licentiates, and 56,093 communicants ; the denomin*. Dutch Reformed, 158 churches, 120 ministers, 7 licentiates, and 9,672 communicants; the Associate Synod of N. A., 15 congregations, 13 ministers, and 1,668 communicants^ the Methodists, 73,174 members; the Baptists, 600 churches, 400 ministers, and 45, 565 communicants; the Episco palians, 150 ministers; the Lutherans, 35 ministers, and 3,000 communicants; the Roman Catholics, Friends, and Universal ists are considerably numerous; the Unitarians have 5 societies and two ministers, and there are some Shakers, and some United Brethren. A part of this is from estimate. The settlement of this state was commenced by the Dutch, in 1614, who named the country New Netherlands, and established a colonial government in 1629. In 1664, Charles II. of England granted to his brother, the duke of York, a patent for a large tract of country, forming the present states of New York and New Jersey ; and during the same year, colonel Nicolls, with a considerable force, in the service of the duke, made a conquest of the country ; and the name of New Netherlands was afterwards changed into New York. In 1673, the colony was recaptured by the Dutch, and held by them a few months ; but, with the exception of this short period, it was in the possession of the English from 1664 till the American Revolu tion, in 1775. Constitution ^ ne P resent constitution of the state of New York was formed in and govern- 1821. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected nent. ^y the people every two years ; and, at the same time, a lieutenant- governor is also chosen, who is president of the senate, and on whom, in case of the impeachment, resignation, death, or absence of the governor from office, the powers and duties of governor devolve. The legislative power is vested in a senate of 32 members, who are chosen for four years, and an assembly of 128 members, who are elected annually; and these bodies united are styled The Legislature. For the election of the senators, the state is divided into eigft districts, each being entitled, to choose four senators, one of whom is elected every year. The members of the assembly are chosen by counties, and are apportioned accord ing to population. The election of governor, lieutenant-governor, senators, and members of the assembly, is held at such time in the month of October or November, as the legislature may by law provide. The political year commences on the first day of January ; and the legisla ture meets annually (at Albany) on the first Tuesday in January, unless a different day is appointed by law. The constitution grants the right of suffrage, in the election of public officers, to every white male citizen, of the age of 21 years, who has been an inhabitant of the state one year next preceding any election, and, for the preceding six months, a resident in the county where he may offer his vote ; but no man of color is entitled to vote unless he is possessed of a freehold estate of the value of 250 dollars, without any encumbrance. The chancellor and judges are appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate. The chancellor and justices of the supreme and circuit courts hold their offices during good behavior, or until they attain the age of 60 years. The judges of the county courts, or courts of common pleas, are appointed for a term of five years. The governor's annual salary is $4,000. This state sends 40 representa tives to congress. NEW YORK. 73 PRACTICAL QUESTIONS ON NEW YORK. 1. How is New York bounded? 2. How many square miles does it contain ? 3. How many counties t 4. What was the total population in 1840 ? 5. How many were slaves ? 6. Mention the principal rivers and lakes. 7. Mention the canals in New York, length, and their cost t 8. What can you say of the Erie canal 1 9. Champlain 1 10. Delaware and Hudson ? Principal cities and towns 1 11. Describe the face of the country. 12. Soil. 13. What is said of the different kinds of grain? 14. How many bushels of salt do the salt springs of the state supply annually ? 15. What was the amount of exports in 1839 ? 16. What do the exports consist of? 17. What was the number of woollen manufactures in the state in 1841 7 18. What the value of woollens manufactured annually? 19. What is the number of iron works? 20. What is the value of all the manufactures of iron ? 21. Give an account of the manufacture -of cotton. 22. Can you mention the annual amount of the principal manufactures in the state ? 23. How many banks were there in the state, January 1842? 24. Mention the principal literary seminaries. 25. How many scholars were taught in the common schools of the state in 1831 ? 26. What was the total number of clergy in 1842 ? 27. Can you give a short history of the state ? 28. When was the present constitution of the state formed ? 29. In whom is the executive power of the state vested ? 30. What is said of the legislative power ? 31.. Into how many districts is the state divided for the election of senators? 32. When does the political year commence ? 33. To whom does the constitution grant the right of suffrage ? 34. What is the governor's salary ? 35. How many representatives does the state send to congress? K 74 NEW JERSEY. NEW JERSEY. ARMS OF NEW JERSEY. NEW JERSEY is bounded N. by New York ; E. by the Atlantic and by Hudson river, which separates it from New York ; S. by Delaware bay, and W. by Delaware river, which separates it from Pennsylvania. It extends from long. 1 26' to 3 9' E. from Washington, and from lat. 39 to 41 24' N. It is 160 miles long from N. to S. and contains 8,320 square miles, or 5,324,000 acres. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1840. County Towns. Atlantic se 8,726 May's Landing Bergen ne 22,414 13,223 Hackensack Burlington m 31,066 32,831 Mount Holly Cape May se 4,945 5,324 Cape May C. H. Cumberland * 14,091 14,374 Bridgetown Essex nm 41,928 44,621 Newark Gloucester sm 28,431 25,438 Wood bury Hunterdon wm 31,066 24,789 Flemington Hudson e 9,483 Jersey city Mercer w 21,502 Trenton Middlesex m 23,157 21,893 New Brunswick Mon mouth, e 29,233 32,909 Freehold Morris nw 23,580 25,844 Morristown Passaic ne 16,734 Paterson Salem sw 14,155 16,024 Salem Somerset m 17,689 17,455 Somerville Sussex nw 20,349 21,770 Newtown Warren nw 18,634 20,366 Belvidere 18 Total 320,779 383,306 NEW JERSEY. Delaware river separates this state from Pennsylvania, and the Hudson forms the northern part of the eastern boundary. The other most considerable livers are the Raritan, Passaic, Hackensack, Great Egg Harbour River, and Musconetcunk. Trenton is the seat of government. The other most considerable towns are Newark, New Brunswick, Elizabethtown, Burlington, and Amboy. The Morris Canal connects the Delaware and Hudson rivers, extending PROFILE VIEW OF THE MORRIS CANAL. from Easton to Jersey City. The whole line is about 101 miles long. Hopatcong lake, at the summit level, being about 900 feet above tide-water, supplies the canal with water throughout. This company have also banking and trust privileges. The Delaware and Raritan Canal extends from New Brunswick, on the Raritan, to Bordentown, on the Delaware, a distance of 43 miles, being 75 feet in width at the top water-line, and 7 feet deep. The feeder to the canal ascends the Delaware river from its junction with the canal at Trenton, 22 miles, and is 60 feet wide and 6 deep. The Camden and Amboy Rail-road, as its name imports, extends from Camden, opposite Philadelphia, to South Amboy, on Raritan Bay ; is 60 miles and 67 chains in length, and has a deviation of only 67 chains from form ing a straight line. The receipts from this road, for 1835, amounted to $679,463, being an increase over the preceding year of $132,460. The Delaware and Raritan Canal Company and this Rail-road Company were made by act of legislature, in 1832, a joint company. The cost of property belonging to both companies is $5,500,000. The Paterson and Hudson River Rail-road extends from Paterson to Jersey City, a distance of 16 miles. The New Jersey Rail- road extends from Jersey City, through Newark, Elizabethtown, and Rahway, to New Brunswiek, a distance of 37 miles ; and on the 1st of January, 1839, the Camden and Amboy Company com pleted their road from Bordentown through Trenton and Princeton, to inter sect this at New Brunswick. The Canal of the Trenton Delaware Falls Company ascends the Delaware from the head of tide, below Trenton, 5 miles and 62 chains. It is princi pally used as a head race for mills, 7 of which, although the work is just completed, are already erected upon it. The company estimate the body of water in their canal as equal in power to 529 horses, and as capable of being increased to an amount equal to 1170 horses. The four northern counties, Sussex, Warren, Morris, and Bergen, arc mountainous. The next four, Hunterdon, Somerset, Essex, and Middlesex, are agreeably diversified with hills and valleys. South Mountain, a great ridge of the Alleghany range, crosses the state in lat. 41 N., and the Kitta- tinny ridge crosses a little to the north of South Mountain. The greater part of the six southern counties is composed of the long range of level country which commences at Sandy Hook, and lines the coast of the middle and 70 NEW JERSEY. f"..- undertaken to explain its provisions in particular parts. The govern ment is vested in a governor, legislative council, and general assembly ; and these bodies united are styled The Legislature. The members of the legislative council and of the general assembly are elected annually, on the second Tuesday in October. PENNSYLVANIA. 7T Finances IS one ^ ^ e ^ ew States of the Union that has not incurred a permanent debt; while the improvements in canals and rail-roads have been perhaps as great as in an}' state, in proportion to extent and population. '\ he state derives an income of more than $40,000 annually for dividends and transit duties paid by rail-road and canal compa nies; which, with a state tax, varying from $20,000 to $30,000, is sufficient to pay all public expenses. The legislature meets annually (at Trenton), on the 4th Tuesday in October. The governor is chosen annually by a joint vote of the council and assembly, at their first joint meeting after each annual election. The governor is presi dent of the council ; and the council also elect from their own body, at their first annual meeting, a vice-president^ who acts in the place of the governor in. his absence. The governor and council form a court of appeals, in the last resort in all causes of law ; and they possess the power of granting pardon, to criminals after condemnation. The constitution grants the right of suffrage to " all persons of full age who are worth fifty pounds proclamation-money, clear estate in the same, and have resided within the county in which they claim to vote for twelve months imme diately preceding the election." The legislature has declared, by law, that every white male inhabitant, who shall be over the age of 21 years, and shall have paid a tax, shall be considered worth fifty pounds, and entitled to a vote. The judges are appointed by the legislature, those of the supreme court for a term of seven years, and those of the inferior courts for five years ; both are capable of being reappomted. This state sends 6 representatives to congress. Governor's salary, $2,000. NOTE. The practical questions will be omitted in the remaining states as the teacher may easily ask questions, similar to those winch are given on the other states, and any others that he may think useful. PENNSYLVANIA. ARMS OF PENNSYLVANIA. PENNSYLVANIA is bounded N. by New York and lake Erie ; E. by New Jersey, S. E. by Delaware, S. by Maryland and Virginia, and W. by part of Virginia and Ohio- It extends from 39 42' to 47 17' N. lat. and from 3 31' W. Ion. to 2 18' E. Ion. from Washington. Its greatest length from east 78 PENNSYLVANIA. to west is 307 miles, and its average breadth 160. Extent, 46,000 square miles, or 29,44-0,000 acres. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Eastern District. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1840. County Towns. Adams s 19,370 21,379 23,044 (Jetty sburg Berks se 46,275 53,357 64,569 Reading Bucks se 37,842 45,740 48,107 ( Dovlestown I Bristol Chester se 44,451 50,908 57,515 West Chester Cumberland sm 23,606 29,218 30,953 Carlisle Delaware se 14,810 17,361 19,791 Chester Dauphin sem 21,653 25,303 30,118 HARRISBURG Franklin s 31,892 35,103 37,793 Chambersburg Lehigh e 18,895 22,266 25,785 Allentown Lancaster se 68,336 76,558 84,203 Lancaster Lebanon sem 16,988 20,546 21,872 Lebanon Monroe e 9,879 Strondsburg Montgomery e 35,793 39,404 47,241 Norristown Northampton e 31,765 39,267 40,996 Easton Perry m 11,342 14,257 17,096 New Bloomfielc Philadelphia se 73,295 108,503 258,037 Philadelphia Pike e 2,894 4,843 3,832 Milford Schuylkill em 11,339 20,783 29,053 Orwigsburg Wayne ne 4,127 7,663 11,848 Bethany York s 38,759 42,658 47,010 York ' Western District. Alleghany w 27,673 37,964 81,235 Pittsburg Armstrong w 10,324 17,625 28,365 Kittaning Beaver w 15,340 24,206 29,388 Beaver Bedford s 20,248 24,536 29,335 Bedford Bradford n 11,554 19,669 32,769 Towanda Butler w 10,193 14,683 22,378 Butler Cambria m 2,287 7,079 11,256 Ebensburg Oentre m 13,797 18,765 20,492 Bellefonte dlearfield m 2,342 4,803 7,834 Clearfield Clinton 8,323 Columbia em 17,621 20,049 24,267 Danville Orawford nw 9,397 16,005 31,724 Meadville Erie nw 8,553 16,906 31,344 Erie Fayette sw 27,285 29,237 33,574 Uniontown Grreen sw 15,554 18,028 19,147 Waynesburg Huntingdon m 20,144 27,159 35,484 Huntingdon [ndiana wm 8,882 14,251 20,782 Indiana Jefferson wm 561 2,225 7,253 Brookville Juniatta m 11,080 Mifflin Luzerne em 20,027 27,304 44,006 Wilkesbarre Lycoming m 13,517 17,637 22,649 Williamsport VLcKean n 728 1,439 2,975 Smithport Mercer w 11,681 19,731 32,873 Mercer VEifflin m 16,618 21,529 13,092 Lewistown Northumberland m 15,424 18,168 20,027 Sunbury PENNSYLVANIA. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY f OWNS. Cvntinued. Western District. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1340. County Towns. Potter n Somerset s Susquehannah ne Tioga n Union m Venango w Warren nw Washington, sw Westmoreland sw 54 Total of Penn. 186 13,974 9,660 4,021 18,619 4,915 1,976 40,038 30,540 1,265 17,441 16,777 9,062 20,749 9,128 4,706 42,860 38,400 3,371 19,650 21,195 15,498 22,787 17,900 9,278 41,279 42,699 Covvdersport Somerset Montrose Wellsborough New Berlin Franklin Warren Washington Greensburg 1,049,313 1,347,672 1,724,033 In 1701, 1763, 1790, 1800, 1810, Population at Different Periods. Population. Increase from 20,000 280,000 1701 to 1763, 260,000 1763 1790, 1790 1800, 1800 1810, 1810 1820, 1820 1630, Slaves. 434,373 602,545 810,091 1820, 1,049,313 1830, 1,347,672 154,373 3,737 168,172 1,706 207,546 795 239,222 211 g 298,659 386 2 There are three incorporated cities in this state, Phil- B adelp a, Pittsburg, and Lancaster. The other most 5 noted towns are Reading, Easton, Bethlehem, Carlisle, ^ York, Germantown, Chambersburg, Columbia, Sun- , bury, Brownsville, Washington, &c. The principal rivers are the Delaware, Schuylkill, ta| Lehigh, Susquehanna, Juniata, Alleghany, Monongahela, and Ohio. The Union Canal extends from Reading on the river Schuylkill, where it intersects the Schuylkill Canal, to Middletown on the Susquehannah ! Susquehanna, R. \Middlttown Palmyra Tunnel 'Lebanon Myerstown Womelsdorf Bernville Reading SchuylkiU Canals. : POTTBV1LLB Tunnel Hamburg river, a distance of 80 miles. The Schuylkill Canal extends from Philadelphia to the coal mines at Port Carbon, a distance of 114 miles, The Lehigh Canal extends along that river from Easton to Whites Haven, a distance of 66 miles. A rail-road, 9 miles in length, extends from Mauch Chunk to the coal mines. The Lackawaxen Canal extends from the Delaware river, at the mouth of Lackawaxen creek, up it to Honesdale, 24 miles ; it there unites with a rail-road 9 miles in length, which extends to the coal mines at the Lackawannock mountains, at Carbondale. The Conestoga Canal connects the city of Lancaster with the Susquehanna river, length 18 miles. The Susquehanna Canal extends along the west side of that river from the mouth of the Juniata river to near the junction of the north and west branches, a distance of 39 miles. The canal is then extended along the north branch to the state of New York, a distance of 165 miles, and along the west branch to Dunnstown, a distance of 70 miles. Reading : Pottstown Phenizvillt Norristovm Manayunk Fairmount PHILADELPHIA PENNSYLVANIA. Blair svilte Chestnut Ridgi Johnstown Harrisburg Mddlctoton Bainlndg Marietta PENNSYLVANIA. 81 The Pennsylvania canal extend sfrorn Columbia on the Susquehannali to the Juniata river, and thence to Pittsburg, a distance of 322 miles. The Pittsburg and Erie Canal is intended to unite the Ohio river at Pitts- burg, with lake Erie at the town of Erie. Length 168 miles, of which about 20 rniles are now finished. The Delaware division of the Pennsylvania Canal extends from Easton, at the mouth of the Lehigh river, to Bristol on the Delaware, a distance of 60 miles. Tho Chesapeake and Ohio Canal will extend through the south-west part of Pennsylvania, from the state line at Wills' creek to Pittsburg, a distance of 151 miles. Finances The state debt of Pennsylvania amounts to $34, 141,663 80, of which $-29,914,003 32 bear an annual interest of $1,494,700 16. The amount borrowed by the state from the 15th of January, 1839, to Octo ber 31st, was $6,524,000, all of which, with the exception of $180,000 for the survey of a rail-road from Harrisburg to Pittsburg, was appropriated to the payment of debts and liabilities due and falling due in the year 1839. Receipts into the Treasury during the year ending October 31st, 1839, $8,209,301 55 Of this sum the receipts by loans amounted to - 4 - 6,309,750 00 Payments at the State Treasury during the same year, 6,971,490 21 The Columbia Rail-Road VIEW THE COLUMBIA RAIL-ROAD. Rail-Roads. , ,, . .. . . . . b extends from Philadelphia ^ to Columbia, on the Susquehanna river, and is 83 miles in length. It crosses the river SchuylkilL on a substantial bridge of three arches, about two miles above the city of Philadelphia. The Philadelphia, Germantown, and Norristown Rail-Road extends from the city of Philadelphia, in a north-western direction, to Norristown, upon the river Schuylkill, a distance of about 18 miles. Pennsylvania is intersected by various mountains. The principal ridges of the Alleghany mountains, comprehended in Pennsylvania, are the Kittatinny, or the Blue mountains. Behind these and nearly parallel to them, are Peters, Tuscarora, and Nescopeck mountains, on the east side of the Susquehanna ; on the west, Shareman's hill, Sideling hill, Ragged, Great, Warrior's, Evit's, and Wills' mountains ; then the great Alleghany ridge, which being the largest, gives name to the whole ; and west of this are the Chestnut ridges. Between the Juniata and the west branch of the Susquehanna, are Jacks, Tussys, Nittiny, and Bald Eagle mountains. The valleys between these moun tains are often of a rich, black soil, suited to the various kinds of grass and grain. Some of the mountains admit of cultivation almost to their summits. The other parts of the state are generally level, or agreeably diversified with hills and valleys. The soil of Pennsylvania is various ; a small part of it is barren, but a great proportion of it fertile and a considerable part very excellent. It is gene rally better adapted to tillage than grazing ; and much of it, particularly the south-east part, is under excellent cultivation. The two best tracts of land are, one in the south-east part, along the Susquehanna, the other in the north-west part, between lake Erie and Alleghany river. Wheat is the most important L 82 PENNSYLVANIA. article of produce. The next in value is Indian corn. Buckwheat, rye, barley, oats, flax, hemp, beans, peas, and potatoes are extensively cultivated. Cherries, peaches, apples, and cider are abundant. There are large dairies in many parts. Pennsylvania has an excellent breed of horses. Iron ore is distributed in large quantities in many parts of the state ; and in some places copper, lead, and alum are found. Here are also numerous lime-stone quarries, and various kinds of marble j and in the middle and west ern parts there is an abundance of coal. Pennsylvania exceeds all the other states in the variety and extent of her manufactures ; some of which are of superior excellence. In 1842 there were 76 cotton manufactories in the state, with an aggregate capital of $4,000,000, and making annually 24,332,467 yards of cloth. In the article of iron manufactures Pennsylvania far excels any other state in the Union. The total value of manufactures, including about 250 different articles, is esti mated at $70,000,000. In 1841 there were 70 banks in this state, 13 of which were in the city of Philadelphia. i ri . erna i According to the report of the Canal Commissioners for the improvement, yrar ending October 31st, 1839, this state had then completed and in operation, 726 \ miles of canals and rail-roads, and 207| miles of canals in progress: total number of miles of canals and rail-roads completed and in progress, 934. The principal literary seminaries in this state are the University "' of Pennsylvania, with its Medical School, at Philadelphia ; Dickinson College, at Carlisle ; Jefferson College, at Canonsburg; Washington College, at Washington ; Western University, at Pittsburg ; Alleghany College, at Meadville ; Madison College, at Union Town ; Mount Airy College, at Ger- mantown ; the Theological Seminaries, at Gettysburg, York, and Alleghany Town ; and the Moravian schools, at Bethlehem, Nazareth, and Litiz. The Constitution declares that " the legislature shall, as soon as conveniently may be, provide by law for the establishment of schools in such manner that the poor may be taught gratis." Under this injunction means have been pro vided in nearly all the counties of the state, for the instruction of the children of indigent parents. They are sent to the most convenient schools of the neighborhoods in which they respectively reside, and the expense is paid by the county commissioners. In the city and county of Philadelphia, which constitutes the First School District of Pennsylvania, the Lancasterian system has been introduced for the education of the children described in the Consti tution. In the Twelfth Annual Report of the Comptrollers of the Public Schools of this district, dated Feb. 23, 1830, it is stated, that " during twelve years, 34,703 children had received the benefits of tuition under the wise and beneficent provisions of the existing act of the General Assembly." These schools are superintended by gentlemen who serve without compensation. The teachers are well qualified for their duties, and are liberally paid. Comparative View of the Returns of Common School Districts, from 1835 (the Com mencement of the System) to 1839. Year. Receipts from State Treasury. Receipts from School Tax. Expenditure for School Houses. No. School Districts. No. accepting No. not ac cepting. No. of Scholars. 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 $ 29,460-33 146,288-08 553,286-06 363,372-92 316,404-92 not ascertained. $207,105-37 231,552-36 385,787,00 382,527-89 not ascertained. $111,803-01 202,230-52 149,132-23 161,384-06 907 987 1001 1033 536 603 765 840 371 384 236 193 100,000 139,604 182,355 233,719 254,908 the UJC Constitu- PENNSYLVANIA. 83 Pennsylvania was granted by Charles II. by a charter signed on the .4th of March, 1681, to the illustrious William Penn, who was constituted the proprietary of the province. In 1682, William Penn, together with about two thousand settlers, most of whom, like himself, belonged to the society of Friends or Quakers, arrived in the country ; and in the following year he laid out the plan of the city of Philadelphia. He established a friendly intercourse with the Indians, which was not interrupted for more than seventy years. From the beginning of the 18th century till the commencement of the American Revolution, the government was generally administered by deputies appointed by the proprietaries, who mostly resided in England. The first Constitution of Pennsylvania was adopted in 1776 ; present Constitution in 1838. The legislative power is vested ih a General Assembly, consisting v< of a Senate and House of Representatives. The representatives are elected annually on the second Tuesday in October by the citizens of Philadelphia and of the several counties, apportioned accord Ing to the number of taxable inhabitants. The senators are chosen for three years, one third being elected annually, at the time of the election of the representatives. Their number cannot be greater than one third, nor less than one fourth of the number of the represent atives. [In 1829, it was enacted by the General Assembly, " that until the next enumeration of taxable inhabitants, and an apportionment thereon, the senate, at a ratio of 7,700 [taxable inhabitants], shall consist of 33 members ;" and "the house of representatives, at a ratio of 2,554, shall consist of 100 mem bers." The following statement shows the representative number, and the number of members of the legislature, at different periods. Ratio. Senators. Ratio. Repa. 1793 to 1800 24 78 1800 " 1807 4,670 25 1,350 86 1807 1814 4,500 31 1,500 95 1814 " 1821 5,250 31 1,750 97 1821 1828 6,300 33 2,100 100 1828 " 1835 7,700 33 2,544 100.] The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people on the second Tuesday in October, and who holds his office during three year?, from the third Tuesday in January next following his election ; and he can not hold the office more than 6 years in any term of 9 years. The General Assembly meets annually (at Harrisburg) on the first Tues day in January, unless sooner convened by the governor. The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, in courts of oyer and terminer and jail-delivery, in courts of common pleas, an orphan's court,a register's court, a court of quarter sessions of the peace for each county, and in such other courts as the legislature may, from time to time, establish. The judges of the Supreme Court and the several courts of common pleas, are nominated by the governor, and, by and with the consent of the senate, ap pointed and commissioned by him. The judges of the Supreme Court hold their office for fifteen years ; the president judges of the courts of common pleas, for ten years ; and the associate judges for the term of five years. The right of suffrage is possessed by every freeman of the age of 21 years, who has resided in the state one year next preceding an election, and within that time paid a state or county tax, assessed at least ten days before the election. The state sends 28 representatives to congress. Governor's salary, $4,000- DELAWARE. DELAWARE. ARMS OF DELAWARE. DELAWARE is bounded N. by Pennsylvania ; E. by Delaware river, Del. ware bay, and the Atlantic ; S. and W. by Maryland. It extends from lat. 38 30' to 39 45' N. and from Ion. 1 13' to 1 57' E. from Washington. It is 87 miles long from N. to S. and from 10 to 36 broad, containing 2,120 square miles. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. I Pop. 18-20. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1810. County Towns. Kent m New Castle n Sussex s 3 Total 20,793 27,899 24,057 19,911 29,710 27,118 19,872 33,120 25,093 DOVER C New Castle ( Wilmington Georgetown 72,674, 76,739 78,085 Population of Wilmington, the largest town, in 1820, 5,268 ; in 1830, 6,628 ; in 1840, 8,367. Population at different periods. Population. Slaves. In 1790, 59,094 8,887 1800, 64,273 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 5,179 6,153 1810, 72,674 1800 1810, 8,401 4,177 1820, 72,749 1810 1820, 75 4,509 1830, 76,739 1820 1830, 3,990 3,305 The principal rivers besides the Delaware which forms a part of the bound ary, are Brandy wine Creek, Christiana Creek, Duck Creek, Mispillion Creek, Indian river, Choptank, and Nanticoke. The general aspect of this state is that of an extended plain, favorable for cultivation. Some of the upper parts of the county of New Castle, indeed, are irregular and broken. The heights of Christiana are lofty and command ing, arid the hills of Brandy wine are rough and stony j but in the lower coun- DELAWARE. 85 try, there is very little diversity of level. The highest ridge between Delaware and Chesapeake bays, passes through this state. On the summit of the ridge there is a chain of swamps, from which a number of waters descend on the west to Chesapeake bay, and on the east to the river Delaware. Along the Delaware river, and about nine miles into the interior, the soil is generally a rich clay, which produces large timber, and is well adapted to the purposes of agriculture ; but between this tract and the swamps the soil is light, sandy, and of an inferior quality. In the county of New Castle the soil is a strong clay ; in Kent it is mixed with sand, and in Sussex the sand greatly predominates. The principle articles of produce are wheat, Indian corn, rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, and potatoes. The county of Sussex contains some excellent razing lands, and it exports great quantities of timber, obtained from Cyprus wamp or Indian river, which extends about six miles from east to west, and nearly twelve from north to south. The staple commodity is wheat, which is ^produced of a superior quality, and is highly esteemed for its uncommon soft ness and whiteness, and is preferred in foreign markets. Large establishments have been erected for manufacturing wheat into flour. Of these the Brandy- wine mills, in the vicinity of Wilmington, are the most important. These are one of the finest collection of mills in the United States, and are celebrated both for the excellence and the quantity of flour which they manufacture. In 1832 there were ten cotton manufactories, with an aggregate capital of $384,500, and making annually 5,203,746 yards of cloth. The other manu factures of note are woollens, paper, and powder. Delaware contains yery few minerals. In the county of Sussex and among the branches of the Nanticoke, are large quantities of bog iron oje, well adapt ed for casting ; but it is not wrought to any extent. PROFILE VIEW OF THE CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL. This canal, which lies partly in Maryland, but chiefly in Delaware, Chesapeak< , 13 miles long, 66 wide at the surface of the water, an'd 10 feet deep, and Deia- opens a highly advantageous communication between Philadelphia wz and Baltimore, and other places, by sloops and steamboats. During the year beginning June 1, 1830, and ending June 1, 1831, there were employed between Philadelphia and Baltimore, Alexandria, Richmond, Petersburg, and Norfolk, in the transportation of passengers and merchandise, by way of this canal, 2 lines of steam-boats and 7 lines of packets. But the trade through this canal has since greatly diminished. Finances. Delaware has no state debt, but possesses funds, exclusive of the school fund, to the amount of $ 339,686 43 ; and the balance in favor of the revenue, after the settlements of the accounts for the year 1839, was $19,223 34-. There is a rail-road extending from Newcastle on the Delaware to French- 88 DELAWARE: town, a distance of 16 miles, on which the passengers between Philadelphia and Baltimore are now transported. There is yet but one track completed. The number of banks in 1842 was 9, viz. 4 at Wilmington, 1 at Newcastle, 1 at Georgetown, 1 at Dover, 1 at Smyrna, and 1 at Milford. This state has a school fund, amounting to $173,000, the interest of which, together with, a small tax levied on each school district of four miles square, at the will of the majority of the taxable inhabitants, is appropriated to the support of common schools. No district is entitled to any share of the school fund, that will not raise, by taxation, a sum equal to its share of the income of the fund. But few of the districts have yet gone into operation under the school law. The number of periodical presses is 6, two of which are semi-weekly. Reiigousde- The Methodists in this state have 15 preachers, and 12,304 mem- nomina- bers ; the Presbyterians, 8 churches, 9 ministers, and 1300 commu nicants ; the Baptists, 9 churches, 9 ministers, and 520 communi cants ; the Episcopalians have 6 churches and 6 ministers. The first European settlement in this state was formed by Swedes ' ry ' and Finns, in 1627 ; in 1655, the colony was taken from the Swedes by the Dutch, under governor Stuyvesant ; and after the conquest of New York by the English, in 1664, it was placed under the jurisdiction of the gov ernment of New York. In 1682, the country was granted to William Penn, and it was placed under the same executive and legislative government with Pennsylvania. It was then, as it is now, divided into three counties, Newcastle, Kent, and Sussex, gene rally styled, till the American revolution, " The Three Lower Counties upon' the Delaware." In 1701, the representatives of Delaware withdrew from those of Pennsyl vania ; the first separate legislative assembly met at Newcastle, in 1704. Outlines of The legislative power is vested in a general assembly, consisting tjie consti- of a senate and house of representatives for two years. The represent- amended atives are elected, 7 from each county, the whole number being 21. Dec. 1831. The senators are elected for 4 years, 3 from each county, the whole number being 9. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people for 4 years ; and he is not eligible a second time to said office. The general assembly meets on the first Tuesday in January, biennially* The first meeting under the amended constitution was in 1833. The constitution grants the right of suffrage to every free white male citizen of the age of twenty-two years or upwards, having resided in the state one year next before the election, and the last month thereof in the county where he offers to vote, and having within two years next before the election, paid a county tax, which shall have been assessed at least six months before the elec tion ; and every free white male citizen of the age of twenty-one years and under the age of twenty-two years, having resided as aforesaid, shall be enti tled to vote without payment of any tax. The judicial power of this state is vested in a court of errors and appeals, a superior court, a court of chancery, an orphan's court, a court of over and terminer, a court of general sessions of the peace and jail delivery, a register's court, justices of the peace, and such other courts as the general assembly may direct. The governor's annual salary is $1,333 33. This state sends one reprc* sentative to congress. MARYLAND. MARYLAND. MARYLAND is, bounded N. by Pennsylvania ; E. by Delaware and the At lantic ; S. and W. by Virginia. It lies between long. 2 31' W. and 1 58 E. and between lat. 38 and 39 44' N. It contains 13,959 square miles, or 8,933,760 acres, of which one-fifth is water. Chesapeake bay runs through the state from N. to S. dividing it into two parts. The part east of the bay is called the eastern shore, and the part west of the bay, the western shore. The state is divided into 19 counties, 11 of which are on the western shore, and 8 on the eastern. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Western Skore. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1840. County Towns. Alleghany nw 8,654 10,602 15,690 Cumberland Anne Arundel m 27,165 28,295 29,532 ANNAPOLIS Baltimore 96,000 120,876 134,397 Baltimore 2alvert s 8,073 8,899 9,229 Prince Fred'klown Carroll w 16,000 Westminster Charles 5 16,500 17,666 16,023 Port Tobacco Frederick . n 40,459 45,793 36,405 Frederick Harfbrd ne 15,924 16,315 17,120 Belair Montgomery wm 16,400 19,816 14,669 Rockville Prince George's sm 20,216 20,473 19,939 Upper Marlboro' St. Mary's s 12,974 13,455 13,224 Leonardtown Washington nwm 23,075 25,265 28,850 Hagerstown Eastern Shore. Caroline e 10,018 9,070 7,806 Denton Cecil ne 10,048 15,432 15,232 Elkton Dorchester se 17,759 18,685 18,843 Cambridge Kent e 11,453 10,502 10,842 Chestertown Queen Anne's e 14,952 14,396 12,633 Centreville Somerset se 19,579 20,155 19,508 Princess Anne Talbot em 14,387 12,947 12,090 Easton Worcester se 17,421 18,271 18,377 Snowhill 19 Total 407,350 446,913 469,233 I 88 MARYLAND. Different Classes of Population in 1840. Whites . . . 317,717 Slaves . . . 89,495 Free colored persons, 62,020 Deaf and dumb white persons 178 ; slaves and colored persons 66 Blind white persons 165 ; slaves and colored persons 91 Population of Maryland at different Periods. Population. Slaves. In 1790, 319,728 103,036 " 1800, 345,824 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 26,096 108,554 " 1810, 380,546 1800 1810, 34,722 111,502 " 1820, 407,350 1810 1820, 16,804 107,398 " 1830, 446,913 1820 1830, 39,563 102,878 The principal rivers are the Potomac, which divides this state from Virginia, gusquehannah, Patapsco, Patuxent, Elk, Sassafras, Chester, Choptank, Nanti- coke, and Pocomoke. In the counties on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake, the land is generally level and low, and in many places is covered with stagnant waters, giving rise in the summer and fall months to agues, and intermittent fevers. On the west ern shore, the land below the lowest falls of the river, is principally level and free from stones. Above these falls the country becomes successively uneven and hilly, and in the western part of the state is mountainous.- The principal range of mountains is the Blue Ridge or South Mountains, which pass through the state in a northerly direction from Virginia into Pennsylvania. The extreme western part of the state is crossed by the Alleghany mountains. Between these and the Blue Ridge are several inferior chains, as Will's mountain, Evit's, Warrior, and Ragged mountains, and Sideling hill. The soil is well adapted to the culture of tobacco and wheat, which are the staple productions of the state. Some cotton of inferior quality is also raised, and in the western coun ties, considerable quantities of flax and hemp. Two articles are said to be peculiar to Maryland ; the genuine white wheat, which grows in Kent, Queen* Ann's, and Talbot counties, on the eastern shore ; and the bright kite' 's-foot tobacco, which is produced on some parts of the western shore, south of Balti more. The forests abound with various kinds of nuts, used for fattening hogs, which run wild in the woods, and are killed in considerable numbers for export ation. Apples and peaches are abundant. Excellent roads proceed from Baltimore in various directions. There is a turnpike from Baltimore to Cumberland on the Potomac, a distance of 135 miles. From Cumberland to Brownsville on the Monongahela, in Pennsylva nia, there is now completed by the United States, a free turnpike road, of the most superior construction. The distance is 72 miles, making the whole dis tance from Baltimore to Brownsville 207 mileg. This is the shortest and best communication yet opened between the tide water of the Atlantic and the navi gable western waters. A turnpike extends from Baltimore, in a north-west direction, 16 miles, to Reistertown, and there divides; one branch turning more to the north meets the Pennsylvania line in 19 miles ; the other in a W. N. W. direction, runs 29 miles in Maryland. Iron ore abounds in various parts of the state, and coal is found in inexhausti ble quantities, and of a superior quality, on the Potomac, in the neighborhood of Cumberland. Furnaces have been erected in various places for the manu facture of iron. Glass, paper, and whiskey are also made in considerable quantities. The value of manufactures in 1840, was $12,468,794. The prin cipal exports are flour and tobacco. The value of the exports for the year ending September 30th, 1839, was $4,804,364. Maryland is the fourth state MARYLAND, 89 in the Union in amount of shipping. In 1815, the number of tons was 156,062, in 1828, it was 170,948, and in 1840, 190,000. In 1842 there were 28 cotton manufactories in this state, with an aggregate ^capital of $2,300,000, which make annually 8,000,000 yards of cloth. The Baltimore and Ohio Rail-Road, which BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL-ROAD. is to extend from the city of Baltimore to the ^ ^ ^ 8 .river Ohio, about 350 miles, is finished to the Point of Rocks, and is the greatest enterprise of the kind undertaken in America. The Baltimore and Susquehanna Rail-Road as to extend from the city of Baltimore to York-haven, in Pennsylvania. The number of banks and branches in this state in 1841, was 34, fourteen of which were in the city of Baltimore. The principal literary seminaries in this state are the University of Maryland, St. Mary's College, and Baltimore College, in Baltimore ; and St. John's College, at Annapolis. There are several academies in the state, which receive $800 a year from the state treasury. A law in favor of primary schools was passed in 1825, and has been partially carried into effect in two or three of the counties. The state has a School Fund consisting of a sum ad- vanced by Maryland during the late war and paid by the national government, amounting to $75,000, together with a tax on bank capital of 20 cents on $100. The fund is at interest, and the amount received from the banks has also gen- orally been placed at interest, to the credit of the several counties ; but in some instances it has been expended for its proper object. The intention of the state was, that it should be used to pay teachers only ; and that the expense of build- ing school-houses, and other expenses, should be paid by a tax on property within the several school districts. The number of periodical presses in 1840 was 30. The Roman Catholics are the most numerous sect of Christians in Reliaiou9 this state ; they have one archbishop, the metropolitan of the United denofnina- States, and 30 or 40 churches ; the Methodists are numerous ; the Episcopalians have 57 ministers; the Presbyterians, 11 ministers, 6 licentiates, and 1,058 communicants; the Baptists, 15 churches, 12 ministers, and 680 communicants ; the German Reformed, 9 ministers ; and the Friends are con- siderabiy numerous. This country was granted by Charles I. to George Calvert, lord Baltimore, a Roman Catholic ; the first settlement was formed by his son Leonard Calvert, together with about 200 Catholics, in 1634; and it was named Maryland, from Henrietta Maria, the queen of Charles. The constitution of this state was formed in 1776 ; since which Congtituti time many amendments have been made. The legislative power is and'gi "era" vested in a senate, consisting of 15 members, and a house of dele- ment> gates, consisting of 80 members ; and these two branches united are styled The General Assembly of Maryland. The members of the house of delegates, four from each county, are elected annually by the people, on the first Monday in October ; and the members of the senate are elected every fifth year on the third Monday in September, at Annapolis, by electors who are chosen by the people on the first Monday of the same month of September. These electors choose by ballot nine senators from the Western Shore, and six from the Eastern, who hold their office five years. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected annually on the first Monday in January, by a joint ballot of both houses of the general assem bly. No one can hold the office of governor more than three years succes sively, nor be eligible as governor until the expiration of four years after he has M 90 MARYLAND: been out of that office. The governor is assisted by a council of five members^ who are chosen annually by a joint ballot of the senate and house of delegates. The general assembly meets annually (at Annapolis) on the last Monday in December. The council of the governor is elected on the first Tuesday in Jan uary ; the governor nominates to office, and the council appoints. The constitution grants the right of suffrage to every free white male citizen, above 21 years of age, having resided twelve months within the state, and six months in the county, or in the city of Annapolis or Baltimore, next preceding the election at which he offers to vote. The chancellor and judges are nominated by the governor, and appointed by the council ; and they hold their offices during good behavior. The executive council, consisting of five members, are elected annually orv the first Tuesday in January ; and in case of the demise of the governor during his term of office, the first named of the council, for the time being, becomes the governor of the state, till the next meeting of the general assembly. In appointing officers under the state, the governor has the right of nomination, and the council the right of appointment. The governor does not possess the power of a veto on the acts of the general assembly. The house of delegates is composed of 80 members, elected annually, four from each of the 1 9 counties, and two from each of the cities of Annapolis and Baltimore. The senate consists of 15 members, elected for five years, by an electoral college of 40 members, two from each of the counties, and one from each of the cities of Annapolis and Baltimore. The electors are chosen on the first Monday in September every 5th year, and they elect the senators on the succeeding 3d Monday in September. One of the peculiarities of the declaration of rights of the state is the section which declares, "That every gift, sale, or devise of lands, to any minister, public teacher, or preacher of the gospel, as such, or to any religious sect, order,, or denomination, or to or for the support, use, or benefit of, or in trust for, any minister, public teacher, or preacher of the gospel, as such, or any religious sect, order, or denomination ; and every gift or sale of goods or chattels to go in succession, or to take place after the death of the seller or donor, or to or for such support, use, or benefit, and also every devise of goods or chattels to or for the support, use, or benefit of any minister, public teacher, or preacher of the gospel, as such, or any religious sect, order, or denomination, without the leave of the legislature, shall be void; except always any sale, gift, lease, or devise, of any quantity of land not exceeding two acres for a church, meeting,. or other house of worship and for a burying ground, which shall be improved, enjoyed, or used only for such purposes, or such sale, gift, lease, or devise shall be void." The governor's annual salary is $2,666 1. This state sends eight representatives to- congress. VIRGINIA. VIRGINIA. 91 ARMS OF VIRGINIA. VIRGINIA is bounded N. by Pennsylvania ; N. E. by Maryland ; E. by the Atlantic ; S. by North Carolina and Tennessee ; VV. by Kentucky and Ohio. It lies between 36 30' and 40 43' N. lat. and between 6 34' W. and 1 20' E. long. It is 370 miles long, and contains about 64,000 square miles. TABLE OF COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Eastern District. Counties. Total Pop. 1830. Total Pop. 1840. County Towns. Aceomac e 19,656 17,096 Aceomac C. H. Albemarle m 22,618 22,924 Charlottesville Amelia sm 11,031 10^320 Amelia C. H. Amherst m 12,072 12,576 Amherst C. H. Bedford s 20,253 20*203 Liberty Brunswick, * 15,770 14,346 Lawrenceville Buckingham nm 18,351 18,786 Buckingham C. H. Campbell, sm 15,704 21,030 Campbell C. H. Caroline em 17,774 17,813 Bowling Green Dharles City em 5,504 4,774 Charles City C. H. Charlotte sm 15,252 11,595 Charlotte C. H. Chesterfield em 18,637 17,148 Chesterfield C.H. 2ulpeper nm 24,026 11,393 Culpeper C.H. Cumberland m 11,689 10,399- Cumberland C. H. Dinwiddie sm 18,637 22,558 Dinwiddie C. H_ Elizabeth City se 5^068 3,706- Hampton Essex e 10,531 11,309 Tappaharmock Fairfax ne 9,206 9,370 Fairfax C. H. Fauquier nm 26,379 21,877 Warrenton Fluvanna m 8*221 8,812 Palmyra Franklin * 14,911 15,832 Rocky Mount Gloucester e 10,608 10,715, Gloucester C. H. Goochland m 10,358 9,760 Goochland C. H. VIRGINIA. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. Eastern District Continued. Counties. Total Pop. 1830. Total Pop. 1840. County Towns. Jreene 4,232 Srreenville * 7,117 6,366 Hicksford lalifax 28,032 25,936 Halifax C. H. lanover em 16,253 14,968 lanover C. H. lenrico em 28,738 33,076 RICHMOND lenry 7,100 7,335 Martinsville sle of Wight se 10,517 9,972 Smithfield ames City e 3,838 3,679 Williamsburg ting and Queen e 11,644 18,862 [ting and Queen C. H. ting George ne 6,397 5,927 King George C. H. ting William em 9,812 9,258 King William C. H. ^ancaster e 4,800 4,628 Lancaster C. H. joudon ne 21,938 20,431 Leesburg ^ouisa m 16,151 15,432 Louisa C. H. junenburg * 11,957 11,055 Lunenburg C. H. Madison m 9,236 8,107 Madison Matthews e 7,663 7,442 Matthews C. H. Mecklenburg s 20,366 20,724 Boydton Middlesex e 4,122 4,392 Urbanna Nansemond se 11,784 10,795 Suffolk Nelson m 11,251 12,287 Lovington New Kent em 6,457 6,230 New Kent C. H. Norfolk se 24,814 27,969 Portsmouth Norfolk Northampton e 8,644 7,715 Eastville Northumberland e 7,953 7,924 Northumberland C. H. Nottoway sm 10,141 9,719 Nottoway C. H. Grange m 14,637 9,125 Orange 5 atriek s 7,393 8,032 Patrick C. H. Pittsylvania * 26,022 26,398 Pittsylvania C. H. Powhatan m 8,517 7,924 Scotsville Mnce Edward sm 14,107 14,069 Prince Edward C, H. Mnce George em 8,368 7,175 City Point D rince William ne 9,330 8,144 Brentsville 'rincess Anne se 9,102 7,285 Princess Anne C, H. rlappahannock 9,257 Richmond e 6,056 5,965 Richmond C. H. Southampton se 16,073 14,525 Jerusalem Spottsylvania em 15,227 15,161 Fredericksburg Stafford ne 9,362 8,454 Stafford C. H. Surrey se 7,108 6,480 Surrey C. H. Sussex se 12,720 11,229 Sussex C. H. Warwick se 1,570 1,456 Warwick C. H. Westmoreland e 8,411 8,019 Westmoreland C. H. York e 5,354 4,720 Yorktown 67 Total of E.Dist, 832,979 806,942 Western District. Alleshany m 2,816 2,749 Covington Augusta m 19,929 19,628 Staunton Bath m 4,008 4,300 Bath C. H. Berkeley n 10,528 10,972 Martinsburg Botetourt ant 16,354 11,679 Fincastle Brooke nw 7,040 7,948 Wellsburg Braston J 2,575 Clark 6,353 Cabell to 5,884 8,163 Cabell Fayette 3,924 VIRGINIA. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continv ed. I Western District. Continued. Counties. Total Pop. 1830. Total Pop, 1840. County Towns. Floyd 4,453 Frederick n 26,045 14,242 Winchester Giles w 5,298 5,307 Giles Grayson 5 7,675 9,087 Grayson C. H. Greenbrier wm 9,015 8,695- Lewisburg Harrison nw 14,677 17,669 Clarksburg Hampshire n 11,279 12,295 Romney Hardy n 6,798 7,622 Moorfields Jackson 4,890 Jackson C. H. Jefferson n 12,927 14,082 Charleston Kenhawa w 9,261 13,567 Kenhawa C. H. Lee sw 6,461 8,441 Jonesville Lewis wm 6,241 8,151 Weston Logan w 3,680 4,309 Logan C. H. Monongalia n 14,056 ' 17,368 Morgantown Marshall 6,937 Elizabethtown Mercer 2,233 Mercer C. H. Mason w 6,534 6,777 Point Pleasan t Monroe wm 7,798 8,422 Union Montgomery sw 12,304 7,405 Christiansburg Morgan n 2,692 4,253 Berkeley Springs Nicholas wm 3,349 2,515 Nicholas C. H. Dhio nw 15,590 13,357 Wheeling Page 6,194 Page C. H. Pulaski 3,739 Pulaski C. H. Pendleton nm 6,272 6,940 Franklin Pocahontas wm 2,541 2,922 Huntersville Preston n 5,099 6,866 Ring wood Randolph nm 5,000 6,208 Beverly Roanoke 5,499 Roanoke C. H. Rockbridge m 14,244 14,248 Lexington Rockingham m 20,693 14,284 Harrison burg Russell sw 6,713 7,878 Lebanon Scott sw 5,702 7,303 Estillville Shenandoah 19,750 11,618 Woodstock Smythe 6,522 Marion Tazewell sw 4,104 6,290 Tazewell C. H. Tyler nw 5,750 6,954 Middlebourne Warren 5,629 Warren C. H. Washington sw 15,614 13,001 Abington Wood w 6,409 7,923 Parkersburg Wythe sw 12,163 9,375 Wythe C. H. 52 Total W. Dist. 378,293 432,855 119 Total of Virg. 1,211,272 1,239,797 The principal rivers are the Potomac, Shenandoah, Rappahannock, Matta- pony, Pamunky, York, James, Rivanna, Appomatox, Elizabeth, Nottaway, Meherrin, Staunton, Kenhawa, Ohio, Sandy, Monongahela, and Cheat. PROFILE VIEW OF THE DISMAL SWAMP CANAL. The Dismal Swamp Canal, 22 miles long, opens a communication between Norfolk, in Virginia, and Elizabeth City, in North Carolina. 94 VIRGINIA. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, which is to extend from the city of Wash ington to the river Ohio, is now in progress. Its course is partly on the Vir ginia, and partly on the Maryland side of the Potomac. The staple productions s of Virginia are wheat and tobacco. The exports of the state, for the year ending September 30, 1839, amounted to $5,787,000. The state of Virginia may be divided into four zones, essentially differing from one another. The first extending from the sea-coast to the termination of tide at Fredericksburg, Richmond, &c., is low and flat, sometimes fenny, sometimes sandy, and on the margin of rivers -composed of a rich loam covered with a luxuriant and even rank vegetation. This part is unhealthy in the months of August, September, and October. The next division extends from the head of tide- water to the Blue Ridge. The surface near the tide-water is level ; higher up the rivers it becomes swelling ; and near the mountains it is often abrupt and broken. The soil is divided into sec tions of very unequal quality, parallel to each other, and extending throughout the state. The parallel of Chesterfield, Henrico, Hanover, &c. is a thin, sandy, and, except on the rivers, an unproductive soil. That of Goochland, Cumber land, Prince Edward, Halifax, &c., is generally fertile. Fluvanna, Bucking ham, Campbell, Pittsylvania, again, are poor; and Culpeper, Orange, Albe- marle, Bedford, &c., a rich, though frequently a stony, broken soil, on a sub stratum of tenacious and red-colored clay. The population of this section, especially near the mountains, is more robust and healthy than that of any other part of the state. The scenery of the upper part is highly picturesque and romantic. There is- a vein of lime-stone running through Albemarle, Orange, &c. Pit coal of a good quality is found within 20 miles above Rich mond, on James river. The third division is the valley between the Blue Ridge, and North and Alle- ghany mountains ; a valley which extends, with little interruption, from the Potomac, across the state, to North Carolina and Tennessee, narrower, but of greater length than either the preceding divisions. The soil is a mould formed on a bed of lime-stone. The surface of the valley is sometimes broken by sharp and solitary mountains detached from the general chain, the sides of which, nearly bare, or but thinly covered with blasted pines, form disagreeable objects in the landscape. The bed of the valley is fertile, producing good crops of Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, hemp, flax, timothy, and clover. The farms are smaller than in the lower parts of Virginia, and the cultivation is better. Here are few slaves. This valley has inexhaustible mines of excel lent iron ore. Chalk is found in Botetourt county. The fourth division extends from the Alleghany mountains to the river Ohio; a country wild and broken, in some parts fertile, but generally lean or barren; but having mines of iron, lead, coal, salt, &c. The soil of a great proportion of the county of Randolph and the adjacent counties in the north-west part of the state, is of an excellent quality, producing large crops of grain. The sur face is uneven and hilly. The county is well watered, is excellent for grazing, and has a very healthy climate. There are many mineral springs in Virginia. The hot and warm springs of Bath county, the sweet springs of Monroe county, the sulphur springs of Greenbrier and of Montgomery counties, and the baths of Berkeley county, are much frequented. The most remarkable curiosities are the Natural Bridge, the passage of the Potomac at Harper's Ferry, the cataract of Falling Spring, and several caves. Since the year 1827, the goM mines of Virginia have attracted es> considerable attention. The belt of country in which they are found extends through Spotsylvania and some neighboring counties. The gold region abounds in quartz, which contains cubes of sulphuret of iron. These cubes are often partly or totally decomposed ; and the cells thus created are sometimes VIRGINIA. 95 filled with gold. The gold is found on the surface, and in the structure of quartz; but in greatest abundance resting upon slate, and in its fissures. The gold is diffused over large surfaces, and has not yet been found sufficiently in mass, except in a few places, to make mining profitable The method of obtaining the metal is by filtration, or washing the earth, and by an amalgam of quicksilver. The average value of the earth yielding gold is stated at 20 cents a bushel. The amount received from this state at the United States' mint in 1830, was $24,000, and in 1840, $57,600. The number of cotton manufactories in this state in 1842 was ten, with an aggregate capital of 300,000 dollars, making annually 700,000 yards of cloth. The Natural Bridge, the must sublime of nature's works, is on the ascent of a hill, which seems to have been cloven through its length by some great con vulsion. The fissure, just at the bridge, is by some admeasurements 270 feet deep, by others only 205. It is about 45 feet wide at the bottom, and 90 feet at the top this of course determines the length of the bridge, and its height from the water. The breadth in the middle is about 60 feet, but more at the ends, and the thickness of the mass at the summit of the arch, about 40 feet. A part of this thickness is constituted by a coat of earth, which gives growth to many large trees. The residue, with the hill on both sides, is one solid rock of lime-stone. The arch approaches the semi -elliptical form, but the larger axis f the ellipsis, which would be the cord of the arch, is many times longer than the transverse. Though the sides of this bridge are provided, in some parts, with a parapet of fixed rocks, yet few men have resolution to walk to them and look over into the abyss. You involuntarily fall on your hands and feet, creep to the parapet, and peep over it. If the view from the top be painful and intolerable, that from below is delight ful in an equal extreme. It is impossible for the emotions arising out of the sublime to be felt beyond what they are here ; so beautiful an arch, so elevated, so light, and springing, as it were, up to heaven, the rapture of the spectacle is really indescribable. " The fissure continuing narrow, deep, and straight for a considerable dis tance above and below the bridge, opens a short but very pleasing view of the North Mountain on one side, and the Blue Ridge on the other, at the distance, each of them, of about five miles. This bridge is in the county of Rockbridge, to which it has given name ; and affords a public and commodious passage over a valley, which cannot be crossed elsewhere for a considerable distance. The stream passing under it, is called Cedar creek. It is a tributary of James' river, and sufficient in the driest season to turn a grist-mill, though its fountain is riot more than two miles above. The following account is from another source : " As we stood under this beautiful arch, we saw the place where visitors have often taken the pains to engrave their names upon the rock. Here Washington climbed up 25 feet and carved his own name, where it still remains. Some wishing to immortalize their names, have engraved them deep and large, while others have tried to climb up and insert them high in this book of fame. " A few years since, a young man, being ambitious to place his name above all others, came very near losing his life in the attempt. After much fatigue he climbed up as high as possible, but found that the person who had before occupied his place was taller than himself, and consequently had placed his name above his reach. But he was not thus to be discouraged. He opened a large jack-knife, and in the soft lime-stone began to cut places for his hands and feet. With much patience and industry he worked his way upwards, and suc ceeded in carving his name higher than the most ambitious had done before him. " He could now triumph, but his triumph was short, for he was placed in 9$ VIRGINIA. such a situation that it was impossible to descend unless he fell upon the ragged rocks beneath him. There was no house near, from which his companions could get assistance. He could not remain in that condition, and, what was worse, his friends were too much frightened to do any thing for his relief. They looked upon him as already dead, expecting every moment to see him precipi tated upon the rocks below, and dashed to pieces. Not so with himself. He determined to ascend. Accordingly he plied himself with his knife, cutting places for his hands and feet, and gradually ascended with incredible labor. He exerted every muscle. His life was at stake, and all the terrors of death arose before him. He dared not look downwards lest his head should become dizzy, and perhaps on this circumstance his life depended. " His companions stood at the top of the rock exhorting and encouraging him. His strength was almost exhausted ; but a bare possibility of saving his life still remained, and hope, the last friend of the distressed, had not yet for saken him. His course upwards was rather oblique than perpendicular. His most critical moment had now arrived. He had ascended considerably more than 200 feet, and had still further to rise, when he felt himself fast growing weak. He now made his last effort, and succeeded. He had cut his way not far from 250 feet from the water, in a course almost perpendicular ; and in a little less than two hours, his anxious companions reached him a pole from the top, ajid drew him up. They received him with shouts of joy ; but he himself was completely exhausted. He immediately fainted away on reaching the spot, and it was some time before he could be recovered ! " It was interesting to see the path up these awful rocks, and to follow in imagination this bold youth as he thus saved his life. His name stands far above all the rest, a monument of hardihood, of rashness, and of folly." The passage of the Potomac through the Blue Ridge, says Mr. Jefferson, is perhaps one of the most stupendous scenes in nature. You stand on a very high point of land. On your right comes the Shenandoah, having ranged along the foot of the mountain a hundred miles to seek a vent. On your left approaches the Potomac in quest of a passage also. In the moment of their junction they rush together against the mountain, rend it asunder, and pass off to the sea. The first glance of this scene hurries our senses into the opinion that the mountains were formed first ; that the rivers began to flow afterwards ; that in this place particularly they have been dammed up by the Blue Ridge, and have formed an ocean which filled the whole valley ; that, continuing to rise, they have at length broken over at this spot, and have torn the mountain down from its summit to its base. The piles of rock on each side, but particularly on the Shenandoah, the evident marks of their disrupture and avulsion from their beds by the most powerful agents of nature corroborate the impression. But the distant finishing which nature has given to the picture is of a very different character. It is a true contrast to the foreground. It is as placid and delightful as that is wild and tremendous. For the mountain being cloven asunder, she presents to your eye, through the cleft, a small catch of smooth blue horizon, at an infinite distance in the plain country, inviting you, as it were, from the riot and tumult roaring around, to pass through the breach, and participate the calm below. Here the eye ultimately composes itself, and that way too the road happens to lead. You cross the Potomac above the junction, pass along its side through the base of the mountain for three miles, its terrible precipices hanging in frag ments over you, and within about 20 miles reach Fredericktown, and the fine country around. This scene is worth a voyage across the Atlantic. Yet here, as in the neighborhood of the Natural Bridge, are people who have passed their lives within a half dozen miles, and have never been to survey these monu- VIRGINIA. 97 merits of a war between rivers and mountains, which must have shaken the earth itself to its centre. In the lime-stone country of Virginia there are several caves of considerable extent. The most remarkable one is Wier's Cave, which is on the north side of the Blue Ridge, and on the south fork of the Shenandoah. It is in a hill, which is about 200 feet in perpendicular height, and so steep that you may pitch a bis cuit from its summit into the river which washes its base. It was discovered in 1804. Its entrance is only about 100 yards from that of Madison's Cave, another celebrated cavern, which, though it has been much longer known, is greatly inferior to Wier's Cave. The following is an account of a visit to this extraordinary place. There were three of us, besides our guide, with lighted torches, and our loins girded, now ready to descend into the cave. We took our lights in our left hands, and entered. The mouth was so small, that we could descend only by creeping one after another. A descent of almost 20 yards brought us into the first room. The cave was cold, dark, and silent. In this manner we proceeded, now descending 30 or 40 feet now ascending as high now creeping on our hands and knees, and now walking in large rooms, the habitations of solitude. The mountain seems to be composed almost wholly of lime-stone, and, by this means., the cave is lined throughout with the most beautiful incrustations and stalactites of carbonated lime, which are formed by the continual dripping of the water. These stalactites are of various and elegant shapes and colors, often bearing a striking resemblance to animated nature. At one place we saw over our heads what appeared to be a waterfall of the most delightful kind, descending 12 or 15 feet. . Nor could the imagination be easily persuaded that it was not in reality a waterfall. You could see the water dashing and boiling down, with its white spray and foam, but it was all solid, carbonated lime-stone. Thus we passed on in this world of solitude ; now stopping to admire the beauties of a single stalactite ; now wondering at the magnificence of a large room ; now creeping through narrow passages, hardly wide enough to admit the body of a man ; and now walking in superb galleries, until we came to the largest room, called Washington Hall. This is certainly the most elegant room I ever saw. It is about 270 feet in length, about 35 in width, and between 30 and 40 feet high. The roof and sides are very beautifully adorned by the tin sels which nature has bestowed in the greatest profusion, and which sparkle like the diamond, while surveyed by the light of torches. The floor is flat, smooth, and solid. I was foremost of our little party in entering this room, and was not a little startled on approaching the centre, and by my small light seeing a figure as it were rising up before me, out of solid rock. It was not far from seven feet high, and corresponded in every respect 'to the common idea of a ghost. It was very white, and resembled a tall man clothed in a shroud. I went up to it sideways, though I could not really expect to meet a ghost in a place like this, On examination, I found it was a very beautiful piece of the carbonate of lime, very transparent, and very much in the shape of a man. This is called Wash ington's Statue. In one room we found an excellent spring of water, which boiled up, slaked our thirst, sunk again into the mountain, and was seen no more. In another room was a noble pillar, called the Tower of Babel. It is composed entirely of stalactites of lime, or, as its appearance would seem to suggest, of petrified water. It is about 30 feet in diameter, and a little more than 90 in circumfer ence, and about 30 high. It would appear as if there must be many millions of stalactites in this one pillar. Thus we wandered in this world within a world till we had visited 12 very beautiful rooms, and as many creeping places, and had now arrived at the end,. a distance from our entrance of between 2,400 and 2,500 feet, or about half a N 98 VIRGINIA. mile. We here, found ourselves exceedingly fatigued ; but our torches forbade our delay, and we once more turned our lingering steps towards the common world. When arrived again at Washington Hall, one of the company three times discharged a pistol, whose report was truly deafening. It was as loud as any cannon I ever heard, and as its sound reverberated and echoed through one room after another, till it died away in distance, it seemed like the moan- ings of spirits. We continued our wandering steps till we arrived once more at daylight, having been nearly three hours in the cavern. Banks in Bank of Virginia (incorporated 1804,) at Richmond, with branches 1830. a t Petersburg, Norfolk, Fredericksburg, and Lynchburg ; Farmers' Bank of Virginia (incorporated 1813,) at Richmond, with branches at Norfolk, Petersburg, Fredericksburg, Lynchburg, Winchester, and Danville ; Bank of the Valley, at Winchester, with branches at Romney, Charlestown, and Leesburg ; North-western Bank, at Wheeling ; Exchange Bank at Norfolk, Merchant's and Mechanics' Bank, Wheeling, Merchant's and Mechanics' Bank at Decatur. The aggregate amount of bank capital is $5,607,000. Besides the University of Virginia, incorporated in 1819, and es- e ' tablished at Charlottesville, Albemarle county, there are three col leges in this state ; William and Mary college, at Williamsburg ; Hampden Sidney college, in Prince Edward county, on Appomatox river ; and Washing ton college at Lexington, west of the Bine Ridge, near James river. Acade mies and common schools are also established in several towns. This state has produced a number of eminent characters, of whom WASHINGTON, the Great and the Good, is of most illustrious memory. It has furnished four of the presidents of the Union. Education is, however, generally much neglected, particularly among the lower classes. This state has a Literary Fund, created in 1809, and amounting, in available capital, according to a late report, to $1,510,689 71. The income during the year 1840 was $102,590. All escheats, confiscations, and derelict property ; also all lands forfeited for the non-payment of taxes, and all funds refunded by the national government for the expenses of the late war, have been appropriated to the encouragement of learning. Of the interest of the fund, $15,000 are annually appropriated to the University of Virginia, and $45,000 to the education of the poor in the different counties, according to the ratio of white population. internal im- The state has a permanent fund devoted to the purposes of internal provement. improvement of $2,822,877 ; and a disposable fund of $1,056,293 ; total $3,879,170 ; [of this about $475,000 is at present unproductive.] An nual income from both funds, $121,836 75. This fund is managed by 13 directors, styled the Board of Public Works, 10 of whom are chosen annually by the legislature, 3 from the Trans- Alleghany District, 2 from the Valley Dis trict, 3 from the Middle District, and 2 from the Tide- Water District. The governor, treasurer, and first auditor of the state, are, ex officio, members. In all canals and roads authorized by the state, this fund contributes three-fifths of the stock. The Board meets annually on the first Monday in January, and the members are paid $4 a day, and 20 cents a mile for travel. The number of periodical papers in 1831 was estimated at 45. Reii ious ^ ne Baptists in this state have 337 churches, 192 ministers, and denomma- 8 39,440 communicants ; the Methodists, 77 preachers and 27,947 members ; the Presbyterians, 104 churches, 75 ministers, 15 licen tiates, and 7,508 communicants ; the Episcopalians, 45 ministers ; the Friends are considerably numerous, and there are some Lutherans, Roman Catholics, and Jews. Histor ^ ne ^ rst P ermanent English settlement formed in America was y * made, in 1607, by 105 adventurers, on James river, in this state, at a place named Jamestown, in honor of James I. of England. Several unsuc cessful attempts had been made in the latter part of the preceding century VIRGINIA. 99 during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, in honor of whom the country was named Virginia ; which name, though now limited to a single state, at the time of the settlement was applied to all the country in America lying between lat. 34 and 45 N. The early history of the colony is replete with interesting and affecting incidents, occasioned by dangers and calamities ; by sickness, want, and contests with the Indians. By this constitution the legislative power is vested in a senate and a house of delegates, which are together styled The General Assem- theConttito- bly of Virginia. The house of delegates consists of 134 members, ^"'/JS' 1 ' chosen annually ; 31 from the 26 counties west of the Alleghany mountains; 25 from the 14 counties between the Alleghany mountains and Blue Ridge ; 42 from the 29 counties east of the Blue Ridge, and above tide water ; and 36 from the counties, cities*, towns, and boroughs lying upon tide water. The senate consists of 32 members, 13 from the counties west of the Blue Ridge, and 19 from the counties, cities, towns, and boroughs east thereof. The senators are elected for four years ; and the seats of one-fourth of them are vacated every year. In all elections to any office or place of trust, honor, or profit, the votes are given openly, or viva voce, and not by ballot. A reapportionment for representatives in both houses, is to take place every ten years, commencing in 1841, until which time there is to be no change in the number of delegates and senators from the several divisions ; and after 1841, the number of delegates is never to exceed 150 ; nor that of the senators, 36. The executive power is vested in a governor elected by the joint vote of the two houses of the general assembly. He holds his office three years, com mencing on the 1st of January next succeeding his election, or on such other day as may be, from time to time, prescribed by law ; and he is ineligible for the three years next after the expiration of his term of office. There is a council of state, consisting of three members elected for three years, by the joint vote of the two houses ; the seat of one being vacated an nually. The senior counsellor is lieutenant-governor. The judges of the supreme court of appeals and of the superior courts are elected by a joint vote of both houses of the general assembly, and hold their offices during good behavior, or until removed by a concurrent vote of both houses ; but two-thirds of the members present must concur in such a vote, and the cause of removal be entered on the journals of each house.. The right of suffrage is extended to every, white male citizen of the common wealth, resident therein, aged 21 years and upwards, who is qualified to exer cise the right of suffrage according to the former constitution and laws ; or who owns a freehold of the value of $25 ; or who has a joint interest to the amount of $25 in a freehold ; or who has a life estate in, or reversionary title to, land of the value of 850, having been so possessed for six months ; or who shall own and be in the actual occupation of a leasehold estate, having the title recorded two months before he shall offer to vote of a term originally not less than five years, and of the annual value or rent of $200 ; or who, for twelve months before offering to vote, has been a house-keeper and head of a family, and shall have been assessed with a part of the revenue of the com monwealth within the preceding year, and actually paid the same. It was enacted by the legislature, that the state elections for the year 1831 should be held in the month of August, on the respective court days in the dif ferent counties, and for all future years, in the month of April ; that the elec tion for members of congress should be held in 1830, in August, and, after wards, every second year, in April ; that the election of electors of president and vice-president of the United States should be held every fourth year on the 1st Monday in November; that the legislature should meet hereafter on the 1st Monday in December that the term of the office of governor should commence on the 31st of March; that the lieutenant-governor, while acting as governor, 100 NORTH CAROLINA. should receive the same compensation as the governor ; and that the salaries of the officers of the executive department should remain the same as heretofore. The governor's annual salary is $3,333^. This state sends 21 representatives to congress. NORTH CAROLINA. ARMS OF NORTH CAROLINA. NORTH CAROLINA is bounded N. by Virginia ; E. by the Atlantic ; S. by South Carolina and Georgia, and W. by Tennessee. It extends from lat. 33 50' to 36 30' N. and from long. 6 20' W. to 1 33' E. and contains 48,000 square miles. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1840 County Towns. Anson s 14,081 15,077 Wadeshorough Ashe nw 6,991 7,467 Jeffersonton Beaufort e 10,949 12,225 Washington Bertie em 12,276 12,175 Windsor Bladen s 7,801 8,022 Elizabethtown Brunswick * 6,523 5,265 Smithville Buncombe w 16,259 10,084 Ashville Burke w 17,727 15,799 Morgan town Cabarras wm 8,796 9,259 Concord Camden m 6,721 5,663 New Lebanon Carteret e 6,607 6,591 Beaufort Caswell n 15,188 14,693 Caswell C. H. Chatham m 15,499 16,242 Pittsborough Cherokee 3,247 Chowan ne 6,688 6,690 Edenton Columbus s 4,141 3,941 Whitesville Craven e 14,325 13,438 Newbern Cumberland m 14,824 15,284 Fayetteville Currituck ne 7,654 6,703 Currituck NORTH CAROLINA. 101 TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop ]S30. Pop. 1840. County Towns. Davie 7,574 Davidson ivm 13,421 14,606 Lexington Duplin sm 9,744 11,373 11,182 Kenansville Edgecombe m 13,276 14,933 15,708 Tarborough Franklin nm 9,741 10,665 10,980 Louisburg Gates ne 6,837 7,866 8,161 Gates C. H. Granville i 18,222 19,343 18,817 Oxford Green m 4,533 6,313 6,595 Snow Hill Guilford tarn 14,511 18,735 19,175 Greensborough Halifax n 17,237 17,738 16,865 Halifax Haywood w 4,073 4,593 4,975 Haywood C. H. Henderson 5,129 Hertford tie 7,712 8,541 7,484 Winton Hyde 4,967 6,177 6,458 Lake Landing Iradell u 13,071 15,262 15,685 Statesville Johnston m 9,607 10,938 10,5f9 Smithfield Jones s 5,216 5,628 4,945 Trenton Lenoir m 6,799 7,635 7,605 Kingston Lincoln sw 18,147 22,625 25,160 Lincolnton Macon u 5,390 4,869 Franklin Martin ew 6,320 8,544 7,637 Williamston Mecklenburg sw 16,895 20,076 18,273 Charlotte Montgomery win 8,693 10,918 10,780 Lawrenceville Moore m 7,128 7,753 7,988 Carthage Nash m 8,185 8,492 9,047 Nashville New Hanover se 10,866 10,759 13,312 Wilmington Northampton n 13,242 13,103 13,369 Northampton C. H. Onslow se 7,016 7,814 5,527 Onslow C. H. Orange m 23,492 23,875 24,356 Hillsborough Pasquotank ne 8,008 8,616 8,514 Elizabeth City Perquimans ne 6,857 7,417 7,346 Hertford Person n 9,029 10,027 9,790 Roxborough Pitt em 10,001 12,174 11,806 Greenville Randolph wm 11,331 12,400 12,875 Ashborough Richmond s 7,537 9,326 8,909 Rockingham Robeson 5 8,204 9,355 10,370 Lumberton Rockingham n 11,474 12,920 13,442 Wentworth Rowan wm 26,009 20,796 12,109 Salisbury Rutherford sw 15,351 17,557 19,202 Rutherfordton Sampson m 8,908 11,768 12,157 Clinton Stokes nw 14,033 16,196 16,265 Salem Surrey nw 12,320 14,501 15,079 Rockford Tyrrell 4,319 4,732 4,657 Columbia Wake m 20,102 20,417 21,118 IALEIGH Warren n 11,004 10,916 12,929 >Varrenton Washington e 3,986 4,562 4,525 'lymouth Wayne m 9,040 10,902 10,890 Vaynesborough Wilkes nw 9,967 11,942 12,577 Vilkesborough Yancey 5,962 Surnsville 68 Total, 638,829 738,470 753,419 Population. In 1790, 393,951 1800, 478,103 1810, 555,500 1820, 638,829 1830, 738,470 Population at different periods. Increase from 1790 to 1800, 84,152 1800 1810, 77,397 1810 1820, 83,329 1820 1830, 99,641 Slaves. 100,571 133,296 168,824 205,017 246,462 102 NORTH CAROLINA. Along the whole coast of North Carolina is a ridge of sand, separated from the main land, in some places by narrow sounds, in others by broad bays. The passages or inlets through it are shallow and dangerous, and Ocracoke inlet is the only one north of Cape Fear, through which vessels pass. In the counties on the sea-coast, the land is low, and covered with extensive swamps and marshes, and for 60 or 80 miles from the shore is a dead level. Beyond this, the country swells into hills, and in the most western part rises into moun tains. Coal has lately been found in Chatham county, and lead ore a few miles north of Raleigh. The principal rivers are the Chowan, Roanoke, Pamlico r Neuse, Cape Fear, Yadkin, Catawba, and Broad. Most of the produce of North Carolina is exported from the neighboring states. Not a single point has yet been found on the coast, within the limits of the state, at which a safe and commodious port could be established. Hitherto the productions of the northern parts of the state, lying on the Roanoke and its branches, and also on the upper parts of the Tar and Neuse, have been sent to the markets of Virginia ; and the trade of Broad reiver, the Catawba, and the Yadkin, has gone to South Carolina. The principal exports are pitch, tar, turpentine, lumber, rice, cotton, tobacco, wheat and Indian corn. The value of the exports from the ports of North Carolina in 1839 was only $427,926. In the level parts the soil generally is but indifferent. On the banks of some of the rivers, however, and particularly the Roanoke, it is remarkably fertile ; and in other parts, glades of rich swamp, and ridges of oak-land, of a black and fruitful soil, form an exception to its general sterility. The sea-coast, the sounds, inlets, and lower parts of rivers, have invariably a soft muddy bottom. That part of the state which lies west of the mountains, is, for the most part, remarkably fertile, and abounds with oak trees of various kinds, walnut, elm, line, and cherry trees ; the last of which grows there to such a size that many of them are three feet in diameter. The soil and productions, in the hilly country, are nearly the same as in the northern states. Wheat, rye, barley, oats, and flax, are the crops most generally cultivated, and seem to suit well the nature of the soil. Throughout the whole state, Indian corn and pulse of all kinds are abundant. Cotton is raised in considerable quantities. Of the plains in the low country, the large natural growth is almost univer sally pitch pine, a tall and beautiful tree, which grows here to a size far supe rior to the pitch pine of the northern states. This valuable tree affords pitch, tar, turpentine, and various kinds of lumber, which, together, constitute about one-half of the exports of North Carolina. It is of two kinds, the common and the long-leaved. The latter differs from other pines, not in shape, but in the length of its leaves, which are nearly half a yard long, and hang in large clus ters. The trees in the low countries both of North and South Carolina, are ' loaded with quantities of a long, spongy moss, which, hanging in clusters from the limbs, give to the forests a singular appearance. The misletoe frequently engrafts itself upon the trees in the back country. In this part plums, grapes, blackberries and strawberries grow spontaneously ; also several valuable medicinal plants, as ginseng, Virginia snake-root, Seneca snake-root, and some others. The rich bottoms are overgrown with canes, the leaves of which con tinue green through the winter, and afford good pasture for cattle. North Carolina is far removed from that perfection of culture which is neces sary to give it the full advantage of the natural richness of its soil and the value of its productions. One great cause of its backwardness in agricultural im provement, is the want of inland navigation and of good harbors. Gold mines '^ e ^^ mmes ^ North Carolina, which have lately excited much interest, are found on the Yadkin and its branches, in the neighbor hood of Wadesborough and Salisbury, and extend over a considerable district, in almost any part of which gold may be found in greater or less abundance, NORTH CAROLINA. 103 mixed with the .soil. It exists in grains or masses, from almost imperceptible particles to lumps of two pounds' weight. The first account of gold from North Carolina, on the records of the mint of the United States, occurs in 1814, in which year it was received to the amount of $11,000. It continued to be received during the succeeding years, until 1824 inclusive, in different quantities, but less than that of 1814, and on an average not exceeding $2,500 a year. In 1825, the amount received was $17,000; in 1826, $20,000; in 1827, about $21,000; in 1828, nearly $46,000; in 1829, $128,000; and in 1830, $204,000; in 1840, $300,000. These mines are very extensive ; and a succession of gold mines has been discovered in the country lying to the east of the Blue Ridge, extending from the vicinity of the river Potomac into the state of Alabama. These mines are now wrought, to a greater or less extent, in the states of Virginia, North Caro lina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The State Bank of North Carolina, at Raleigh, with six branches; Banks Cape Fear Bank, at Wilmington, with branches at Fayetteville, Sa lem, Charlotte, and Hillsborough ; Newbern Bank, at Newbern, with branches at Raleigh, Halifax, and Milton. The amount of bank capital is $3,200,000. The deposites of government are made in the State Bank, at Raleigh. The principal literary institution in this state is the University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill. Academies are established at various places. The state has a literary fund, arising from bank dividends, &c. amounting to upwards of $70,000. It is provided, that when this fund shall have accumulated to a sufficient amount, the income of it shall be divided among the several counties, in proportion to the free population, for the support of common schools. There are 12 periodical presses in this state. The Baptists in this state have 14 associations, 272 churches, 139 Reli( , iou9 ministers, and 15,530 communicants; the Presbyterians have \26 denomina- churches, 57 ministers, 9 licentiates, and 5,907 communicants ; the tlons> Methodists, 32 preachers, and 12,641 members ; fhe Lutherans, 45 congrega tions, 16 ministers, and 1,888 communicants ', the Episcopalians, 11 ministers ; the United Brethren, 4 congregations, and 1,727 members; the Friends have a number of societies. The first permanent settlements were formed about the middle of the seventeenth century. North Carolina was long united under the same government with South Carolina : it was for many years called the County of Albemarle, or the County of Albemarle in Carolina, and about the beginning of the 18th century, the Colony of North Carolina. As early as 1715, it had a separate legislative assembly, at which Charles Eden was gov ernor ; and in the year 1727, it was formed into an entirely distinct province. The constitution of North Carolina was agreed to and resolved upon, by representatives chosen for that purpose, at Halifax", Decem- and govern- ber 18, 1776. ment - The legislative authority is vested in a body, styled The General Assembly, consisting of a senate and a house of commons, both elected annually by the people. One senator and two members of the house of commons are sent from each of the 62 counties ; and one of the latter also from each of the towns of Edenton, Newbern, Wilmington, Salisbury, Hillsborough, and Halifax. The chief executive officer is the governor, who is chosen annually by a joint vote of the two houses ; and he is eligible for 3 years only in 6. He is assisted by an executive council of seven members, chosen annually by a joint vote of the two houses. In case of the death of the governor, his duties devolve upon the speaker of the senate. 104 SOUTH CAROLINA. The judges of the supreme and superior courts are appointed by a joint vote of the two houses, and hold their offices during good behavior. The constitution grants the right of voting for members of the house of com mons to all freemen of the age of 21 years, who have been inhabitants of any one county within the state twelve months immediately preceding the day of any election, and have paid public taxes ; but in order to be entitled to vote for senators, they must be possessed of a freehold of 50 acres of land. The governor's annual salary is $2,000. This state sends 13 representa tives to congress. SOUTH CAROLINA. ARMS OF SOUTH CAROLINA. LENGTH, 188 miles; breadth, 160: containing 30,000 square miles. Be tween 32 2' and 35 10' N. long, and between 1 45' and 6 15' W. long. Bounded N. and N. E. by North Carolina ; S. E. by the Atlantic ; and S. W. by Georgia, from which it is separated by the Savannah. TABLE OF THE DISTRICTS AND SEATS OF JUSTICE. Districts. Seats of Justice. Dist. fr Colum bia. Districts. Seats of Justice. Dist. fr. Colum bia. Abbeville nw Abbeville 100 Lancaster n Lancaster C. H. 73 Anderson nw Anderson C. H. 129 Laurens wm Laurens C. H. 79 Barnwell sw Barnwell C. H. 02 Lexington m Lexington C. H. 12 Beaufort s Z)oosawhatchie 147 Marion ne Marion C. H. 115 Charleston se Charleston 110 Marlboro' n Marlboro' C H. 102 Chester n Chester C. H. 57 dewberry wm Newberry C. H. 45 Chesterfield n Chesterf 'Id C. H. 102 3rangeb'gh m Orangeb'gh C.H. 43 Colleton se Walterborough 93 Pic kens nw Pickens C. H. 157 Darlington ne Darlington C. H. 86 Richland m COLUMBIA Edgefield w Edgefield C. H. 57 Spartanburgh n Spartanb'ghC.H. 104 Fairfield m Georgetown e Winnsborough jeorgetown 29 134 Sumter m Jnion n Suniterville Unionville 44 77 Greenville nw jreenville C. H. 117 Williamsb'gh e fCingstree 86 Horry ne ^on way borough 150 York York C. H. 78 Kershaw m Camden 33 SOUTH CAROLINA. 105 Population of the Districts, as given in the Census of 1840. Abbeville District, Anderson do. Barnwell do. Beaufort do. Charleston do. Chester do. Chesterfield do. Colleton do. Darlington do. Edgefield do. Fairfield do. Georgetown do. Greenville do. Horry do. Kershaw do. Lancaster do. 29,351 Laurens District, 18,493 Lexington do. 21,471 Marion do, 35,794 Marlborough do. 82,661 Newberry do. 17,747 Orangeburgh do. 8,574 Pick ens do. 25,548 Richland do. 14,822 Spartanburg do. 32,852 Sumter do. 20,165 Union do. 18,274 Williamsburg do. 17,839 York do. 5,755 12,281 Total, 9,907 21,584 12,111 13,932 8,408 18,350 18,519 14,356 16,397 23,669 27,292 18,936 10,327 18,383 594,398 In 1790, 1800, 1810, 1820, 1830, Population. 249,073 345,591 415,115 502,741 581,458 Slaves, 327,038. Population at different Periods. Increase from 1790 to 1800, 96,518 1800 1810, 69,524 1810 1820, 86,626 1820 1830, 78,717 Slaves. 107,094 146,151 196,365 258,475 315,365 The distinguishing virtues of the Carolinians are hospitality to strangers, and charity to the indigent and distressed. The planters, who in general have large incomes, live in a luxurious and splendid style, devoting much of their time to the pursuit of pleasure, and possessing much of that pride and dignity of spirit which characterize an independent country gentleman. The virtues of the farmers of the upper country are less brilliant, but more substantial. They have fewer vices, are of more frugal and industrious habits, and exhibit greater fortitude in the reverses of fortune. Labor in the lower country is performed almost entirely by slaves. The principal rivers are the Waecamaw, Pedee, Black River, Santee, Cooper, Ashley, Stono, Edisto, Asheppo, Cambahee, Coosaw, Broad, and Savannah. South Carolina is divided by nature into two parts, which, from their physi cal situation, have been called Upper and Lower Carolina. The latter is supposed to have once been under the dominion of the ocean. Towards the coast the country is a level plain, extending more than 100 miles westward from the sea. Here the eye finds no relief from the dull uniformity of bound less forests, swamps, and level fields. This fatiguing plain is succeeded by a curious range of little sand-hills, exactly resembling the waves of an agitated sea. This singular country occupies an extent of about 60 miles. It is ex tremely barren, enlivened here and there by spots of verdure, or by some straggling pines ; and its few inhabitants earn a scanty subsistence by the cul tivation of corn and sweet potatoes. After passing these sand-hills, we come next to a remarkable tract of ground, called the Ridge, which, on its approach 106 SOUTH CAROLINA. from the sea, is lofty and bold, but on the north-west is level from its summit. This is a fine belt of land, extending from the Savannah to Broad River, fertile, well cultivated, and watered by considerable streams. The country beyond this ridge resembles, in its scenery, the most interesting of the northern states. The traveller is gratified by the pleasant alternation of hill and dale ; the lively verdure of the hills is contrasted with the deeper tints' of the extensive forests, which decorate their sides ; and in the valleys broad rivers roll their streams through the varied beauties of luxuriant and cultivated fields. From these de lightful regions the ground still continues to rise till we reach the western limit of the state. Here 7 or 8 mountains run in regular direction, the most distin guished of which is Table Mountain ; other mountains are Oolenoy, Oconee, Paris', Glassey, Hogback, and King's. These are all in the districts of Pen- dleton, Greenville, Spartanburg, and York. The soil of South Carolina is divided into 6 classes : 1. Tide-swamp. 2 Inland swamp. 3. High river swamp, or low grounds, distinguished by the name of second low grounds. 4. Salt marsh. 5. Oak and hickory high land. 6. Pine barren. The first two classes are peculiarly adapted to the culture of rice and hemp.; the third is most favorable to the growth of hemp, corn, and indigo. The salt marsh has been much neglected. The oak and hickory land is remarkably fertile, and well adapted to the culture of corn, as well as indigo and cotton. The pine-barren, though the least productive, is so much more salubrious than the other soils in the low country, that a proportion of pine- barren is an appendage indispensably necessary to every swamp plantation. The staple commodities of this state are cotton and rice, of which great quantities are annually exported. These articles have so engrossed the atten tion of the planters, that the culture of wheat, barley, oats, and other crops equally useful, but less profitable, has been almost wholly neglected. So little wheat is raised throughout the state, that considerable quantities are annually imported. Cotton was not raised in any considerable quantities till as late as 1795. Before that period indigo was, next to rice, the most important article of produce ; but it is now neglected. Tobacco thrives well. The exports, in 1839, amounted to $10,385,426. The fruits which flourish best are pears, pomegranates, and water-melons ; the latter, in particular, grow to an enor mous size, and are superior perhaps to any in the world. Other fruits are figs, apricots, nectarines, apples, peaches, olives, almonds, and oranges. The period of vegetation comprehends, in favorable years, from 7 to 8 months, commencing in January or February, and terminating in October or November. The frosts generally in the months of November, December, Jan uary, and February, are too severe for the delicate productions of more southern latitudes. The low country is seldom covered with snow ; but the mountains near the western boundary are often mantled in that wintry robe. Frost some times binds up the earth, but seldom penetrates deeper than two inches, or lasts longer than three or four days. At some seasons, and particularly in Feb ruary, the weather is very variable. The temperature has been known to vary 46 degrees in one day. In Charleston for seven years the thermometer was not known to rise above 93 degrees, or to fall below 17 above 0. The number of extreme hot days in Charleston is seldom more than 30 in a year ; and there are about as many sultry nights, in which the heat and closeness of the air are such as to prevent the enjoyment of sound sleep. The low country is infested with all the diseases which spring from a warm, moist, and unelastic atmosphere. Of these the most frequent are fevers, from which the inhabitants suffer more than from any, or perhaps from all other dis eases together. The districts of the upper country enjoy as salubrious a cli mate as any part of the United States. The Santee Canal, 22 miles long, forms a junction between the Santee and the Cooper river, which flows into Charleston harbor ; and it opens to the city SOUTH CAROLINA. 107 the commerce of the interior of South and North Carolina. A rail-road from Charleston to Hamburg, on the Savannah, opposite to Augusta, 120 miles long, is now in progress. Several miles, extending from Charleston, were com pleted in 1830, and a locomotive steam-car has been placed upon it, moving at the rate of 15 miles an hour. Gold is found in considerable quantities ; the amount received, at the United States' mint, in 1830, from this state, was $26,000. There are 16 banks and branches of banks in this state ; 7 at Charleston, 2 at Columbia, 2 at Georgetown, 2 at Camden, 2 at Cheraw, 1 at Hamburg. The principal literary institutions of this state are the College of South Carolina, at Columbia, and Charleston College, in Charleston. The college of South Carolina has been built and supported by the state legis lature ; and the sum of nearly $200,000 has been expended upon the buildings, library, philosophical apparatus, and occasional repairs. In addition to this, the legislature makes an annual appropriation of about $15,000 to defray the expenses of the institution ; and it also supports two beneficiaries at the college, at the annual expense of $260 each. The legislature makes an annual appropriation of nearly $40,000 for the support of free schools. The Commissioners of Free Schools, at the session of the legislature, in 1828, reported that 840 schools were established through out the state, in which 9,036 scholars were instructed, at. the expense of $39,716. The annual appropriation, in 1839, was $40,200. The number of periodical presses in 1841, was 20. The Methodists in this state have 54 preachers and 25,114 mem- Reli ioug bers; the Baptists, 6 associations, 150 churches, 131 ministers, and denpmina- 12,316 communicants; the Presbyterians, 77 churches, 46 ministers, 7 licentiates, and 6,671 communicants; the Episcopalians, 34 ministers; there are also some Associate Presbyterians, Lutherans, Roman Catholics, and Uni tarians. This state, together with North Carolina and Georgia, was first granted to the earl of Clarendon and others, by Charles II., in 1663; and the first per* manent settlement was made at Charleston, in 1680. South Carolina was for a considerable time the seat of the revolutionary war ; and Charleston and Camden, also the places named Eutaw Springs and Cowpens, were rendered memorable by warlike achievements. The first constitution of this state was formed in 1775; the Constltu . present constitution was adopted in 1790. The legislative authority tion and go- is vested in a General Assembly, consisting of a Senate and a House vernment - of Representatives. The senate consists of 45 members, who are elected by districts for four years, one half being chosen biennially. The house of repre sentatives consists of 124 members, who are apportioned among the several districts, according to the number of white inhabitants and taxation ; and are elected for two years. The representatives and one half of the senators are chosen every second year, on the second Monday in October and the day fol lowing. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected for two years, by a joint vote of the senate and house of representatives, at every first meeting of the house of representatives. A governor, after having perform ed the duties of the office for two years, cannot be re-elected till after the expiration of four years. At the time of the election of governor, a lieu tenant-governor is chosen in the same manner, and for the same period. The general assembly meets annually, at Columbia, on the fourth Monday in November. The chancellor and judges are appointed by the joint ballot of the senate and house of representatives, and hold their offices during good be havior. The constitution grants the right of suffrage to every free white male citizen, of the age of 21 years, having resided in the state two years pre- 108 GEORGIA. vious to the day of election, arid having been possessed of a freehold of 50 acres of land, or a town lot, at least six months before such election, or (not having such freehold or town lot) having been a resident in the election district in which he offers his vote, six months before said election, and having paid a tax the preceding year of 3s. sterling towards the support of the government. The governor's annual salary is 3,500 dolllars. South Carolina sends 9 representatives to congress. GEORGIA. ARMS OF GEORGIA. LENGTH, 300 miles ; breadth, 200 : containing 58,000 square miles. Be- Iween 30 19' and 35 N. L. and 3 52' and 8 47' W. L. Bounded north by Tennessee and North Carolina ; north-east by South Carolina ; south-east by the Atlantic; south by Florida; and west by Alabama. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNSi Counties. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1840. County Towns. Appling sm 1,468 2,052 Appling C. H. Baker sw 1,253 4,226 Newton Baldwin m 7,295 7,250 MlLLEDGEVILLE Bibb m 7,154 9,802 Macon Bryan se 3,139 3,182 Bryan C. H. Bullock em 2,587 3,102 Statesborough Burke e 11,833 13,176 Waynesborough Butts nm 4,944 5,308 Jackson Camden se 4,578 6,075 JefFersonton Campbell nw 3,323 5,370 Campbellton Carroll nw 3,419 5,252 Carrollton Cass 9,390 Cassville Chatham 14,127 18,801 Savannah Chattooga 3,438 GEORGIA. 109 TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. Counties. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1840. County Towns. Cherokee 5,895 Canton Clarke 10,176 10,522 Watkinsville Cobb 7,539 Marietta Columbia 12,603 11,356 Applingville Coweta nw 5,006 10,364 Newman Crawford wm 5,314 7,981 Knoxville Dade 1,364 Decatur sw 3,843 5,872 Bainbridge Dekalb nw 10,047 10,467 Decatur Dooly wm 2,135 4,427 Berrien Early sw 2,051 5,444 Blakely Effingham e 2,969 3,075 Willoughby Elbert n 12,354 11,125 Elberton Emanuel em 2,681 3,129 Swainsborough Fayette nw 5,501 6,191 Fayetteville Floyd 4,441 Forsyth 5,619 Franklin 10,107 9,086 Gilmer 2,536 Glynn se 4,467 5,302 Brunswick Green nm 12,551 11,690 Greensborough Gwinett nw 13,220 10,804 Lawrencevillc Habersham n 10,648 7,961 Clarksville Hall nw 11,755 7,875 Gainesville Hancock nm 11,882 6,659 Sparta Harris to 5,105 13,933 Hamilton Heard 5,329 Henry nwm 10,567 11,756 McDonough Houston wm 7,369 9,711 Perry [rwin sm 1,180 2,038 Irwin C. H. Jackson n 9,000 8,522 Jefferson Jasper m 13,131 11,111 Monticello Jefferson em 7,309 7,254 Louisville Jones m 13,342 10,065 Clinton Laurens f m 5,578 5,885 Dublin Lee wm 1,674 4,520 Pindertown Liberty se 7,234 7,241 Riceborough Lincoln nm 6,137 5,895 Lincolnton Lowndes * 2,453 5,574 Franklinville Lumpkin 5,671 Macon 5,045 Madison n 4,626 4,510 Danielsville Mclntosh se 4,998 5,360 Darien Marion wm 1,436 4,812 Marion C. H. Meriwether nw 4,424 14,132 Greenville Monroe m 16,202 ' 16,275 . Forsythe Montgomery m 1,269 1,616 Mount Vernon Morgan nm 12,023 9,121 Madison Murray 4,695 Muscogee w 3,508 11,699 Columbus Newton nwm 11,154 11,628 Covington Oglethorpe nm 13,558 10,868 Lexington Paulding 2,556 Pike wm 6,056 9,176 Zebulon Pulaski m 4,899 5,389 Hartford Putnam m 13,656 10,260 Eatonton Rabun n 2,175 1,912 Clayton Randolph v w 2,191 8,276 Randolph C. H. Richmond e 11,644 11,932 Augusta Scriven e 4,776 4,794 Jacksonborough Stewart 12,933 Lumpkin Sumpter 5,759 Americus Talbot w 5,940 15,627 Talbotton Taliaferro nm 4,934 5,190 Crawfordsville Tatnall em 2,040 2,724 Reidsville Telfair m 2,136 2,762 Jacksonville Thomas s 3,299 6,766 Thomasville 110 GEORGIA. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. Counties. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1810. County Towns. Troup w 5,799 15,733 Lagrange Twiggs m 8,029 8,422 Marion Union 3,115 Blairsville Upson 7,013 9,408 Tbomaston Walker 6,572 Lafayette Walton nwm 10,929 10,209 Monroe Ware s 1,205 2,323 Waresborough Warren nm 10,94-6 9,789 Warrentown Washington m 9,820 10,560 Sandersville Wayne se 963 1,258 Waynesville Wilkes nw 14,237 10,148 Washington Wilkinson m 6,513 6,842 Irwinton 93 Total 516,567 691,392 In 1790, 1800, 1810, 1820, 1830, 1840, Population. 82,548 162,686 252,433 348,989 516,567 691,392 Population at different Periods. Increase from 1790 to 1800, 80,138 1800' 1810, 89,747 1810 1820, 88,456 1820 1830, 165,578 1830 1840, 174,825 Slave?. 29,264 59,699 105,218 149,656 217,470 280,944 Milledgeville is the seat of government. Savannah and Augusta are the largest towns. The other most considerable towns are Washington, Louisville, Darien, St. Mary's, Greensborough, Petersburg, and Sparta. The principal rivers are the Savannah, Ogechee, Altamaha, Satilla, Oak. mulgee, Oconee, St. Mary's, Flint, Chatahoochee, Tallapoosa, and Coosa. The coast of Georgia for four or five miles inland is a salt marsh, mostly uninhabited. In front of this, towards the sea, there is a chain of islands of a gray rice soil, covered in their natural state with pine, hickory, and live oak, and yielding on cultivation sea-island cotton. The principal of these islands are Wassaw, Ossabaw, St. Catharine's, Sapello, St. Simon's, Jekyl, and Cum berland. Back of the salt marsh there is a narrow margin of land, of nearly the same quality with that of the islands. In the rear of this margin com mences the pine barrens. The rivers and creeks are everywhere bordered with swamps or marsh, which, at every tide, for fifteen or twenty miles from the coast, are either wholly or partially overflowed. These constitute the rice plantations. The pine barrens extend from 60 to 90 miles from the sea, beyond which the country becomes uneven, diversified with hills and mountains, of a strong, rich soil, producing cotton, tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, and other kinds of grain. The north-western part of the state is mountainous, and abounds in sublime and picturesque scenery. The soil of Georgia is various ; but a large proportion of it is very produc tive. At a distance from the sea it changes from gray to red ; in some places it is gravelly, but fertile ; and farther back into the country its tint is gradaally deepened, till it becomes what is called the mulatto soil, consisting of black mould and red earth. This sort of land is generally strong, and affords abun dant crops of wheat, tobacco, corn, &c. It is succeeded in its turn by a soil that is nearly black, and very rich, on which are large quantities of black walnut and mulberry. The staple commodities of this state are cotton and rice, of which great quantities are exported. The forests afford an abundant supply of fine timber, consisting chiefly of oak r pine, hickory, mulberry, and cedar. The kinds of GEORGIA. 1 1 1 fruit are melons in great perfection, figs in plenty, oranges, pomegranates, olives, lemons, limes, citrons, pears, and peaches. The pine barrens pro duce grapes of large size and excellent flavour. The exports, which consist chiefly of cotton, rice, lumber, tobacco, canes, deer-skins, and maize, amounted, in 1829, to 4,981,939 dollars, and in 1839, 5, 970,443 dollars. The winters in Georgia are mild and pleasant ; snow is seldom seen, nor is vegetation interrupted by severe frosts. The thermometer usually fluctuates between 40 and 60 degrees. In the low country, in the vicinity of the swamps, bilious complaints and fevers are very common, during the months of July, August, and September. At the approach of this season, tbe rich planters, with their families, remove either to the sea islands, or to more elevated situations. There are several valuable mineral springs in this state ; one near Wash ington ; one in Jefferson county, 12 miles south-east of Louisville ; and an other in Madison county, five miles from Danielsville. Two considerable tribes of Indians reside partly within the chartered limits of this state ; the Cherokees in the north-western part, and the Creeks in the western. The Cherokees have made greater advances in the arts of civilized life than any other tribe of North American Indians. A treaty with them was ratified on the 23d of May, 1836, by which they agree to remove west of the Mississippi river, where the undisturbed possession of 7,800,000 acres of land, with the right of self government, as far as is compatible with the well being of the adjoining districts, is guaranteed them for ever. In consi deration of this guarantee, and of five millions of dollars, they relinquish all lands owned by them east of the Mississippi, to the United States. Gold is found in considerable quantities in this state. The amount received from Georgia, at the United States' mint, in 1830, was $212,000. The gold mines which have been discovered are in the northern part of the state, near the sources of the Catahooche, Tallapoosa, and Coosa. There are 4-3 banks and branches in this state, 6 at Savannah, 8 at Augusta, 4 at Milledgeville, 1 at Washington, 1 at Darien, 1 at Jonesborough, 1 at Eaton- ton, 8 at iVlacon, 6 at Columbus, and the others in different places. The state penitentiary is at Milledgeville. The principal, literary seminary in this state is Franklin College, or the Uni versity of Georgia, at Athens, which has funds to the amount of $136,000, of which $100,000 are invested in the Bank of the State of Georgia, which stock the state guaranties to yield eight per cent, per annum. The following statement relating to education is given by Mr. Sherwood in his " Gazetteer of Georgia." " There are about 80 incorporated academies in this state, 64 of which have been brought into operation. The average num ber of pupils in each, is 47 3,008. In the northern and southern sections of the state, there are probably 5 common schools in each county ; 40 counties ; 30 pupils each 6,000. In the middle section, say 7 common schools in each county; 25 counties =5.250. Total number of pupils in the academies and common schools, 14,258." The state possesses "Academy and Poor School Funds" to a considerable amount. By an act of the legislature of 1792, each county academy was allowed to purchase the value of 1,000 of confiscated property : 1,000 acres of land in each county were granted for the support of schools ; and also a fund of $250,000, to be vested in stocks for the same purpose. In 1841 there were 30 periodical presses in this state. The Methodists, in this state have 100 preachers, and 30,038 mem- Peli(rioug bers ; the Baptists, 12 associations, 390 churches, 205 ministers, and dennmina- 31,797 communicants; the Presbyterians, 55 churches, 31 ministers, tlons * and 3,034 communicants ; the Episcopalians, 4 churches and 4 ministers ; the Roman Catholics, 3 churches avid 3 ministers. 112 ALABAMA. The first English settlement of Georgia was commenced in 1733 at Savannah, by general Oglethorpe, together with 160 persons. Constitution '^ e ^ rst constitution of Georgia was formed in 1777 ; a second, and govern- in 1785 ; and a third, the one now in operation, in 1798. The legis- mfcnt - lative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, which together are styled the General Assembly. The members of both houses are chosen annually on the first Monday in October. One senator is elected for each county, and the number of representatives is in proportion to population, including three fifths of all the people of color ; but each county is entitled to at least one, and no one to more than four, members. The executive power is vested in a governor, who was formerly elected by the general assembly ; but he is now (and ever since 1824 elected by the people on the first Monday in October ; and he holds the office for two years. The general assembly meets (at Milledgeville) on the first Monday in November ; unless convened at another time by the governor. The constitution grants the right of suffrage to all " citizens and inhabitants, who have attained the age of 21 years, and have paid all the taxes which may have been required of them, and which they may have had opportunity of paying, agreeably to law, for the year preceding the election, and shall have resided six months within the county." The judicial power is vested in a Superior Court and in such inferior juris dictions as the legislature may, from time to time, ordain and establish ; and the superior and inferior courts sit twice in each county every year. The judges of the Superior Court are elected by the legislature for three years ; the justices of the inferior courts, and justices of the peace, are elected quadriennially by the people ; and the clerks of the superior and inferior courts biennially. The annual salary of the governor is 3,000 dollars. This state sends nine representatives to congress. ALABAMA. LENGTH, 280 miles ; breadth, 160 miles ; containing 46,000 square miles. Between 30 12' and 35 N. latitude ; and between 8 and 1J 30' W. longi tude from Washington. Bounded north by Tennessee ; east by Georgia ; south by Florida, and west by the state of Mississippi. Pop. in 1810, 10,000, io 1820, 127,901, in 1830, 308,997, in 1840, 590,756. 'Slaves in 1820, 41,879, in 1830, 117,294, and in 1840, 253,532. ARMS OF ALABAMA, ALABAMA. 113 TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. !' .(>. ib3). P M' la <>- o f the neat proceeds of all the sales of public lands in this slate, made subsequently to September 1, 1819, should be reserved for making public roads and canals, and improving the navigation of rivers. Three-fifths of the amount were directed to be applied to these objects within the state, and two-fifth? to the making of a road or roads leading to the state, under the direction of con gress. This act gave rise to what is commonly called the " Three per cent. Fund," which has been vested in the bank of the state of Alabama ; and it amounted, according to the report of the state treasurer, on the 26th of Novem ber, 1829, to $96,355 77. A board of internal improvement, to consist of six commissioners, was established by the general assembly in January, 1830, under whose superintendence the income of this fund is to be appropriated to objects of public utility, as roads, canals, &c. On the 23d of May, 1828, congress made a grant to this state of 400,000 acres of relinquished and unappropriated lands for improving the navigation of the Muscle Shoals and Colbert Shoals in the Tennessee ; and likewise for im proving the navigation of the Coosa, Cahawba, and Black Warrior rivers. There are 20 periodical presses in this state, and 8 banks. The Baptists in this state have 12 associations, 219 churches, 130 ministers, and 8,953 communicants ; the Methodists, 44 preachers 13,504 members; the Presbyterians, 38 churches, 27 ministers, 6 licentiates, and 1,669 communicants; the Roman Catholics, 2 ministers ; the Episcopalians, 2 ministers. Mobile, in the southern part of Alabama, was settled long since by the Spanish ; yet the territory which now forms this state contained but very few civilized inhabitants before 1810. Since that time its increase in population has been exceedingly rapid. Alabama was erected into a territorial government in 1817 ; the inhabitants formed a constitution m 1819 ; and in 1820, it was admitted into the Union. MISSISSIPPI. 115 The legislative power is vested in two branches, a senate and house Co of representatives, which together are styled The General Assembly of the State of Alabama. The representatives are elected annually, and are apportioned among the different counties in proportion to the white population ; the whole number cannot exceed 100, nor fall short of 60. The senators are elected for three years, and one-third of them are chosen every year. Their number cannot be more than one-third, nor less than one-fourth of the number of representatives. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people, for two years ; and is eligible four years out of six. The representatives and one-third of the senators are elected annually on the first Monday in August and the day following ; and the governor is elected biennially at the same time. The general assembly meets annually (at Tus- caloosa) on the fourth Monday in October. The right of suffrage is possessed by every white male citizen of 21 years of age, who has resided within the state one year next preceding an election, and the last three months within the county, city, or town, in which he offers his vote. The judicial power is vested in one supreme court, in circuit courts, and such inferior courts as the general assembly may, from time to time, direct and establish. The judges, after No vember in 1833, are to be elected by a joint vote of both houses of the general assembly, every six years. The annual salary of the governor is $2,000. This state sends five repre sentatives to congress. MISSISSIPPI. THIS state is not far from 300 miles in average length, and 160 in average breadth. Between 30 and 34 N. lat. ; and 11 and 14 W,. long, from Wash- ington. It contains 28,000,000 acres. Bounded on the N. by Tennessee ; E, by Alabama ; S. by the gulf of Mexico and Louisiana ; W. by Louisiana and the Mississippi. Pop. in 1816, 45,929, in 1820, 75,448, in 1830, 136,806, and in 1840, 375,651, of whom 195,211 were slaves, and 1,336 free colored. ARMS OF MISSISSIPPI. 116 MISSISSIPPI. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1840. County Towns. Comities. Pop. 1810. County Towns. Adams sw 19,434 Natchez Lowndes 14,531 Columbus Amity u 9,511 Liberty Madison e 15,530 Canton Attala 4,303 Kosciusko Marion s 3,630 Columbia Bolivar 1,356 Bolivar Marshall 17,526 Holly Springs Carroll 10,481 Carrolton Monroe e 9,250 Athens Chickasaw 2,955 Houston Neshoba 2,437 3 hiladelphia Choctiw 6,010 Greensboro' Newton 2,527 Decatur Claiborne w 13,078 Port Gibson Noxubee 9,975 Macon Clarke 2,986 Quitman Octibbeha 4,276 Starkville Coahoma 1,290 Panola 4,657 3 onola Copiah swm 8,945 Gallatin Perry se 1,887 Augusta Covington. sm 2,717 Williamsburg Pike s 6,151 lolmesville De Soto 7,002 Hernando jPontotoc 4,491 3 ontotoc Franklin sw 4,775 Meadville (Rankin w 4,631 Brandon Green se 1,636 Leakeville IScott 1,653 lillsborough Hancock s 3.367 Shieldsboro' Simpson . sm 3,380 West villa Hinds in 19,098 Raymond Smith 1,961 Raleigh Holmes 9,452 Lexington Tallahatchie 2,985 Tilatoba [tawamba 5,375 Fulton Tippah 9,444 ilipley Jackson se 1,965 Jackson C.IL Tishamingo 6,681 Jacinto Jasper 3,958 Paulding Tunica 821 Tunica C. H. Jefferson sw 11,650 Fayette Warren w 15,820 Vicksburg Jones sm 1,258 Ellisville Washington 7,287 Princeton Semper 7,663 De Kalb Wayne e 2,120 Winchester Lafayette 6,531 Oxford Wilkinson sw 14,193 Woodville Lauderdale 5,358 Marion Winston 4,650 Louisville Lawrence sm 5,920 Monticello Yalabusha 32,248 Coffeeville Leake 2,162 Carthage Yazoo w 10,480 Benton Total of the State, 56 coi mties, 375,651 The principal rivers are the Mississippi, Pearl, Pascagoula. Yazoo, Black, Tennessee, and the western branches of the Tombigbee. The Mississippi forms the western boundary from lat. 31 to 35 N., 308 miles in a right line, but by the course of the river near 700 miles. The southern part of the state, extending about 100 miles north from the gulf of Mexico, is mostly a champaign country, with occasional hills of moderate elevation, and is covered with forests of the long-leaved pine, inter spersed with cypress swamps, open prairies, and inundated marshes. A con siderable portion of this part is susceptible of cultivation. The soil is gener ally sandy, sometimes gravelly and clayey. It is capable of producing cot ton, corn, indigo, sugar, garden vegetables, plums, cherries, peaches, figs, sour oranges, and grapes. In proceeding north, the face of the country becomes more elevated and agreeably diversified. The growth of timber consists of poplar, hickory, oak, black walnut, sugar-maple, buckeye, elm, hackberry, &c., and the soil is exceedingly fertile, producing abundant crops of cotton, corn, sweet pota toes, indigo, garden vegetables, and fruit. Nearly all the country watered by the Yazoo is described as incomparably fertile, well watered, and healthful. Cotton is the staple production of the state. Peaches and figs are the fruits most easily produced. Apples, plums, lemons, and oranges are common. The climate, is temperate, and in the elevated parts generally healthy. The local situation of this state, the fertility of its soil, the temperature of its climate, and the value of its productions, will doubtless cause it to remain an important part of the Union. There are 8 banks and branches in this state ; viz. 3 at Natchez, 1 at Port Gibson, 2 at Vicksburg, 1 at Woodviile, and 1 at Rodney. MISSISSIPPI. 117 Jefferson College, at Washington, was established in 1802, and Educati nas received liberal endowments in public lands from the federal go vernment. It is pleasantly situated ; the buildings are large and commodious j the course of study is similar to that of West Point ; and the number of cadets or students, ranges from 80 to 120. There are other seminaries in different parts ; but, although an interest in education is manifested in the different counties, yet no system of primary schools has been adopted. The state has a Literary Fund, amounting, at present, to $27,000, derived from the donation of the general government, rents of lands, three per cent, on all sales of public lands, fines, forfeitures, &c. But no portion of it is available till it shall amount to 850,000. In 1829, a Board of Internal Improvement was organized by the internal im- iegislature, consisting of the governor and three commissioners. The P r vement. board was authorized to employ a civil engineer, and to negotiate a loan of the sum of $200,000 upon the credit of the state, to be appropriated for the improvement of the navigable streams and public roads within the state. By an act of congress, passed March 1, 1817, five per cent, of the neat proceeds of the sales of the public lands within the state, was reserved for making roads and canals ; and three-fifths of this (called the Three per cent. Fund) are sub ject to appropriation by the state legislature to those objects within the state ; the other two-fifths are at the disposal of congress for roads leading to the state. The number of periodical papers in 1840 was 20. The Methodists in this state have 33 preachers, and 6,918 mem- Re i ig j out bers; the Baptists, 3 associations, 58 churches, 12 ministers, and denomina- 1,714 communicants; the Presbyterians, 35 churches, 31 ministers, 3 licentiates, and about 950 communicants; the Episcopalians, 6 ministers; and there are some Roman Catholics. The first settlement of whites in Mississippi was made by the French at Natchez, about the year 1716 ; in 1729, these colonists were massacred by the Natchez Indians ; but in the succeeding year, this once powerful tribe was extirpated by the French. But few American settlements were made in this country till near the end of the last century. In 1800, the territory was erected into a separate go vernment, and, in 1817, into an independent state. The constitution of this state was formed at the town of Washing- Congtitu . ton, in August, 1817. tionandgo- The legislative power is vested in a Senate and a House of Repre- Vl sentatives, which are together styled The General Assembly of the State of Mississippi. The representatives are elected annually on the first Monday in August, in the ratio of one to every 3,000 white inhabitants. Each county, however, is entitled to one ; and the present whole number is 33. According to the consti tution, when the number of white inhabitants exceeds 80,000, the number of representatives cannot be less than 36, nor more than 100. The members of the senate are elected for three years, one third being chosen annually. Their number cannot be less than one fourth, nor more than one third of the whole number of representatives. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is ejected by the people, for two years, on the first Monday in August. At every election of governor, a lieutenant-governor is also chosen, who is president of the senate, and on whom the executive duties devolve in case of the death, resignation, or absence of the governor. The general assembly meets (at Jackson) annually on the first Monday in November. The right of suffrage is granted to every free white male citizen of the 118 LOUISIANA. United States, of the age of 21 years or upwards, who has resided within this state one year next preceding an election, and the last six months within the county, city, or town in which he offers to vote, and is enrolled in the militia thereof, unless exempted by law from military service ; or, having the aforesaid qualifications of citizenship and residence, has paid a state or county tax. The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, and such superior and in ferior courts of law and equity, as the legislature may, from time to time, es tablish. The judges of the several courts are elected by the general assembly, and hold their offices during good behavior, till the age of 65 years. The governor's salary is $2,500. This state sends two representatives to congress. LOUISIANA. LENGTH, 240 miles ; breadth, 210 : containing 48,220 square miles. Between 29 and 33 30' N. lat. and 12 and 17 3' W. Ion. Bounded east by Missis sippi state, and the Gulf of Mexico, and by the river Mississippi from 31 to 33, and thence by the parallel of 31 to Pearl river ; thence by that stream to ts mouth ; south by the Gulf of Mexico ; west by the river Sabine, which separates it from the Mexican states, and following that river to the parallel of 32, thence due north to 33, thence due east to the Mississippi, having Arkan sas territory en the north. ARMS OF LOUISIANA. TABLE OF THE PARISHES AND SEATS OF JUSTICE. \Vestrrn District. Parishes. I'op. 1*3 . Pop. \S'0. Seats ot J usrice. Avoyelles m 3,488 6,616 Marksville Caddo 5,^2 Calcassieu 2.057 Caldwell 2,017 Catahoula nm 2.576 4,955 Harrisonburg Claiborne 1.764 6, '85 Rtisselville Lafayette 5,606 7.341 Vi-rmilionville Natchitoches nw 7,9-X 14.350 Natchitoches RapideH ta 7,559 11,132 Alexandria St. Landry *w St. Martin's 12,552 7,204 15,233 8,674 Opelousaa .St Martinsville St. Mary 'a s 6,412 8.950 Franklin Union 1338 Waahita n 5,140 4,640 Monroe 14 Total of West. Dist 60,257 102,770 LOUISIANA. 119 TABLE OF THE PARISHES AND SEATS OF JUSTICE. Eastern District. Parishes. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1840. Seats of Justice. Ascension sem Assumption sem 5,4tO 5.6 6,951 7,141 Donaldson A.-sumpiion C. H. Baton Kouge, East m Baion Rouge, West m 6,717 3,192 8,133 4,6o8 Concordia Baion Uouffe Carroll 4.S87 Concordia ne 4,662 9,413 Concordia Feliciai a, Bast em Jackson Feliciana, West em MM lu.'sio St. I'raiK-.isville Iberville sem 7,050 8,495 Iberville Jefterson sf. 6,846 10.470 Coquille Latourche Interior Livingston 5.5UO 7,303 2,315 Thibadeuxvillfl Madison 5,142 Orleans 49,8^6 102,193 New Orlearg Plaquemines e 4,489 5.060 Fort Jackson Point Cupee m 5,936 7.N98 Point Coupee St. Bernard, sem 3,356 3.237 St. Charles tern 5,107 4,700 St. Helena em 4.027 3,5i5 St. Helena St. J umes sem 7.672 8,548 Bringicr's St. John Baptist t(.m 5,710 5,776 Bonnet Carrfi St. Tammany e 2.S64 4,593 Covmgton Terre Bonne Washington e 2,121 2,2b6 4410 2,64J Wiliiamsburg Ffanklintoit 24 Total East. Dist. 155,318 249.641 33 Total of *tate 215,575 ' r5?.411 Population at different Periods. Population. In 1810, 76,556 1820, 153,407 1830, 215,575 184.0, 352,411 Slaves. 34,660 69,064 109,631 168,452 Increase from 1810 to 1820, 76,851 1820 1830, 62,168 1830 1840, 136,836 Three quarters of the state are without an elevation, that can be Face of the properly called a hill. The pine woods generally have a surface of country, a very particular character, rising into fine swells, with table sur- ' faces on the summit, and valleys from 30 to 40 feet deep. But they are with out any particular range, and like the waves of a high and regular sea. The alluvial soil is level, and the swamps, which are the only inundated alluvions, are dead flats. The vast prairies which constitute a large portion of the surface of the state, have, in a remarkable degree, all the distinctive aspects of prairies. To the eye they seem as level as the still surface of a lake. They are, except the quaking prairies, higher and drier than the savannas of Flori da. A range of hills commences in gentle elevations in Opelousas, rises gradually, and diverges towards the Sabine. In the vicinity of Natchitoches it preserves a distance intermediate between the Sabine and Red Rivers, and continues to increase in elevation to the western parts of the state. Seen from the Pine Hills above Natchitoches, they have, in the distance, the blue outline of a range of mountains. Another line of hills, not far from Alexandria, commences on the north side of Red River, and separating between the waters of that river and Dudgemony, unites with another line of hills, that bound the alluvions of the Washita, as bluffs, gradually diverging from that river, as they pass beyond the western limits of the state. The new and remote parish taken from Natchitoches, called Claiborne, or Allen's Settlement, is a high and rolling country' There are considerable hills beyond the Mississippi alluvions, east of that river. But, generally speaking, Louisiana is one immense plain- divided into pine woods, prairies, alluvions, swamps, and hickory and oak lands. 120 LOUISIANA. The pine woods are generally rolling; sometimes, but not often, level. They have almost invariably a poor soil, sufficiently described in our account of Florida and Alabama. They possess the same character here, except, that creeks are more common, with more extensive and somewhat richer bottoms ; and there is, perhaps, a greater proportion of laurels, oaks and hickories amono- the pines. The greater proportion of the prairies is second-rate land. Some of those west of Opelousas, and between Washita and Red River, are even sterile. Some parts of the prairies of Opelousas are of great fertility, and those of Attakapas still more so. As a general fact, they are more level than those of the upper country. A large belt of these prairjes, near the gulf, is low, marshy, and in rainy weather inundated. A very considerable extent of them has a cold clayey soil, with a hard pan near the surface. In other places the soil is of inky blackness, and disposed in the hot and dry season to crack in fissures, of a size to admit a man's arm. The bottoms are generally rich, but in very different degrees. Those of the Mississippi and Red River, and the bayous connected with those streams, are more fertile and productive than the streams west of them, and between them and the Sabine. The fertility of the richer bottoms of the Mississippi and Red River is sufficiently attested by the prodigious growth of the timber, the luxu riance, size, and rankness of the cane and the cotton, the tangle of vines and creepers, the astonishing size of the weeds, and the strength of vegetation in general. We have measured a fig-tree, and a sumach, both ordinarily con sidered as shrubs, which were larger than a man's body. The richness of the articles of cultivation is sufficiently well known. The cotton on fresh lands of the richest quality grows to the size of a considerable shrub. The districts of Louisiana, which have the richest soil, are the following :- 1st. The island of New-Orleans. This is so denominated in geography, and correctly. Not far below Baton Rouge, a bayou, or efflux, called Manshac, or Ibberville, makes out from the Mississippi, which, in its course, receives other waters, until swollen into a considerable river, it falls into lake Maurepas. That again is connected by a narrow gorge with lake Ponchartrain, and that by the rigolets' with lake Borgne and the Gulf. The Mississippi insulates it on the other side. Consequently, the island of New-Orleans is a narrow strip of land, stretching between this range of lakes and the river. About one third of the average width of this strip is under cultivation. The other two thirds are swamp. Its front is the eastern bank of the Mississippi ; and its rear is this bayou and this line of lakes. The bayou Manshac, which completes the insular character of this tract, is narrow, and is seldom seen by persons de scending the Mississippi. This tract is the finest part of that rich country, called the coast. The coast is that part of the bottom of the Mississippi, which commences with the first cultivation above the Balize, that is to say, about 40 miles below New-Orleans, and 150 above. This belt on each side of the river is secured by an embankment, called a levee, from 6 to 8 feet in height, and sufficiently broad, for the most part, to furnish a fine highway. The river, in ordinary inundations, would cover the greater part of this belt from two to six feet in depth. It is from one to two miles in width, and per haps a richer tract of land of the same extent cannot be found on the face of the globe. The levee extends something higher on the west than on the east side of the river. Above the levee on the east bank of the river are the par ishes of Baton Rouge, and East and West Feliciana. The latter parish re ceived its name from its pleasant surface of fertile hills and valleys, and its union of desirable circumstances for a planting country. This parish presents a spectacle very uncommon in this country, hills that are covered with laurels and forest trees, denoting the richest soil. Here are some of the wealthiest planters and best plantations in the state. Bayou Sarah, the point of shipment for this region, sends great quantities of cotton to New-Orleans. Some of the LOUISIANA. 121 plantations on this bayou have from 5 to 800 acres under cultivation, worked by a large number of hands. On the banks of the Mississippi, La Fourche, the Teche, and the Vermilion, below lat. 30 12' N. wherever the soil is elevated above the annual- inunda tions, sugar can be produced ; and the lands are generally devoted to this crop. In all other parts of the state, cotton is the staple. The best districts for cotton are the banks of Red River, Washita, Teche, and the Mississippi. Rice is more particularly confined to the banks of the Mississippi, where irrigation can be easily performed. The quantity of land within the state adapted to the cultivation of the three staples, has been estimated as follows : sugar, 250,000 acres ; rice, 250,000 ; cotton, 2,400,000. Some of the sugar-planters have derived a revenue in some years of $600 from the labor of each of their slaves ; from $350 to $450 is the ordinary calculation. The cultivation of cotton is believed to be equally profitable. The amount of sugar made in Louisiana in 1810, was about 10,000,000 Ibs. ; in 1814, not less than 15,000,000; in 1817, 20,000,000; in 1828, 88,000,000; and in 1830, 150,000,000. The extensive prairie land, in the south-west part of the state, embracing the district of Opelousas, and the greater part of Attacapas, is most admirably adapted to the rearing of cattle, and has hitherto been used almost exclusively for that purpose. Many of the richer planters on the Teche and Vermilion, have stock farms established on Mermantau and Calcasiu rivers, and count their cattle by the thousand. The population is principally confined to the settlements on the Mississippi. In the upper settlements the inhabitants are principally Canadians; in the middle, Germans ; and in the lower, French and Spaniards. A few years since a majority of the inhabitants were Roman Catholics. The clergy of this order, however, are not numerous ; and the constant introduction of emigrants from the north is effecting a rapid revolution in all the institutions of the country. In journeying from New Orleans to the mouth of Sabine river, we meet with men in every stage of civilization. In New Orleans, and other places on the banks of the Mississippi, the sugar and cotton planters live in splendid edifices, and enjoy all the luxury that wealth can impart. In Attacapas and Opelousas, the glare of expensive luxury vanishes, and is followed by substan tial independence. In the western parts of Opelousas are found herdsmen and hunters ; the cabins are rudely and hastily constructed, and the whole scene recalls to the imagination the primeval state of society. The exports from Louisiana are not confined to its own produce. The bulky articles of all the western states go down the Mississippi, and are cleared out at New Orleans. The value of the exports in 1804, was $1,600,362; in 1806, $3,887,323; in 1815, $5,102,610; in 1817, $13,501,036; and in 1829, $12,386,000. A canal was completed in 1831, connecting New Orleans with lake Ponchartrain. It is 4^ miles long, perfectly straight, and its ascent and descent are only 16 inches. There are 10 banks and branches in this state; 5 at New Orleans, 1 at Baton Rouge, 1 at Donaldson, 1 at Opelousas, 1 at Alexandria, and one at St Francisville. There are colleges at Jackson and New Orleans. In 1827, the Education legislature made a grant to each parish in the state, of $2 62 to every voter, to be applied to the education of the indigent ; the amount for one parish not to exceed $1,350, nor to fall short of $800. In consequence of this act, nearly $40,000 are annually appropriated to the education of the poor. The number of periodical papers in 1831 was 12. Q 122 LOUISIANA. Reii ions ^ atnouc religion is predominant in Louisiana, and there are denomina- Catholic churches in all the considerable villages ; but there are few tions. p r otestant churches in the state. The Mississippi was discovered by Marquette and Joliette, two French missionaries, in 1673. In 1682, the country was explored by La Salle, and named Louisiana in honor of Louis XIV. A French settlement was begun at Iberville in 1699, and in 1717 New Orleans was founded. In 1803, the extensive country of Louisiana, comprising all the territory now belonging to the United States, lying west of the Mississippi, was purchased of France for the sum of $15,000,000 ; and in 1812, the southern portion of this country was admitted into the Union as an independent state. In the latter part of the last war between Great Britain and the United States, a very formidable armament invaded the territory of Louisiana, with, a view to the capture of New Orleans. Several thousand volunteers from the adjoining country hastened to the relief of the city, and their energies were ably directed by general Jackson. Four engagements took place, in all of which the British were decisively repulsed. In the last of these, which occurred on the 8th of January, 1815, the Icfss of the enemy was so great, that he withdrew the remainder of his forces, and desisted from the hopeless attempt. Constitution ^ ne constitution of this state was formed in 1812. The legisla- and govern- tive power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, both together styled The General Assembly of the State of Louisiana. The representatives are elected for two years on the first Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday in July. Their number cannot be less than 25, nor more than 50 ; and they are apportioned according to the number of electors, as ascertained by enumeration every four years. The members of the senate are elected for four years ; one-half being chosen every two years, at the time of the election of the representatives. The state is divided into 16 senatorial districts, in each of which one senator is chosen. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected for the term of four years. The people give their votes for a governor at the time and place of voting for representatives and senators ; and on the second day of the succeeding session of the general assembly, the two houses, by a joint ballot, elect for governor one of the two candidates who have the greatest number of votes. The governor's term of office commences on the fourth Monday succeeding his election. The general assembly meets (since 1829, at Donaldson or Donaldsonville) annually,, on the first Monday in January ; except in the years of the election of president of the United States, when it meets on the 3d Monday in November. The right of suffrage is pos sessed by every white male citizen of the United States, of the age of 21 years, who has resided in the county in which he offers to vote one year next preced ing the election, and who in the last six months prior to said election has paid a state tax. The judiciary power is vested in a supreme court, which possesses appellate jurisdiction only, and such inferior courts as the legislature may establish. The judges are appointed by the governor, with the advice and con- sent of the senate, and hold their offices during good behavior. The governor's salary is $7,000. This state sends three representatives to congress. TENTESSEE. TENNESSEE. 123 ARMS OF TENNESSEE. BOUNDED N. by Kentucky ; E. by N. Carolina ; S. by Georgia, Boundanes 'Alabama, and Mississippi ; and W. by Mississippi river, which sepa rates it from Arkansas. It lies between 35 and 35 30' N. lat. and between 4 30' and 10 W. long, from W. C. It is 430 miles long, 104 broad, and contains 40,000 square miles, or C5,600,000 acres. TABLE OF COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1820. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1840. County Towns. Anderson m 4,468 5,312 5,658 Clinton Bledsoe m 4,005 6,448 5,676 Pikeville Blount e 11,258 11,027 11,745 Marysville Bradley 7,385 Uampbell n 4,244 5,110 6,149 Jacksonborough Darter ne 4,835 6,418 5,372 Elizabethtown Claiborne n 5,508 8,470 9,474 Tazewell Uocke e 4,892 6,048 6,992 NTewport Granger em 7,651 10,066 10,572 Rutledge jreen e 11,221 14,410 16,076 Greenville lamilton sent 821 2,274 . 8,175 Ff ami! ton C. H. lawkins ne 10,949 13,683 15,035 [logersville Jefferson e 8,953 11,799 12,076 Dandridge Johnson 2,658 Knox em 13,034 14,498 15,485 [Cnoxville McMinn sem 1,623 14,497 12,719 Athens Marion * 3,888 5,516 6,070 Jasper Meigs 4,794 Monroe se 2,529 13,709 12,056 Madisonville Morgan n 1,676 2,582 2,660 Montgomery Polk 3,570 Rhea em 4,215 8,182 3,985 Washington Roane e 7,895 11,340 10,948 Kinsston Sevier e 4,772 5,117 6,442 Sevier C. H. Sullivan ne 7,015 10,073 10',756 Blountsville Washington e 9,557 10,995 11,751 Jonesborough 26 Total of E. Ten. 135,312 196,374 224,259 124, TENNESSEE. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. West Tennessee. Counties. Pop. 18i>0. Fop. 1830. Pop. 1840. County Towns. Bedford m 16,012 30,444 20,546 Shelbyville Cannon 7,193 Carroll 9,378 12,363 Huntingdon Coffee 8,148 Davidson m 20,154 22,523 30,509 NASHVILLE De Kalb 5,868 Dickson ivm 5,190 7,261 7,074 Charlotte Dyer w 1,904 4,484 Dyersburg Fayette aw 8,654 21,501 Somerville Fentress n 2,760 3,550 Jamestown Franklin s 16,571 15,644 12,033 Winchester Gibson w 5,801 13,689 Trenton Giles * 12,558 18,920 21,491 Pulaski Hardiman sw 11,628 14,563 Bolivar Hard in sw 1,462 4,867 8,245 Savannah Haywood w 5,356 ' 13,870 Brownsville Henderson wm 8,741 11,875 Lexington Henry nw 12,230 14,906 Paris Hickman m 6,080 8,132 8,618 Vernon Humphreys ^om 4,067 6,189 5,195 Reynoldsburgh Jackson n 7,593 9,902 12,872 Gainesborough Lauderdale 3,435 Lawrence s 3,271 5,412 7,121 Lawrenceburgh Lincoln s 14,761 22,086 21,493 Fayetteville Madison w 11,750 6,530 Jackson Marshall 14,555 Maury m 22,141 28,153 28,186 Columbia McNairy 5 5,697 9,385 Purdy Montgomery n 12,219 14,365 16,927 Clarksville Obion nw 2,099 4,814 Troy Overton n 7,188 8,246 9,297 Monroe Perry wm 2,384 7,038 7,419 Shannonsville Robertson n 7,270 13,302 13,801 Springfield Rutherford m 19,552 26,133 24,282 Murfreesborough Shelby sw 354 5,652 14,721 Memphis Smith n 17,580 21,492 21,197 Carthage Sumner n 19,211 20,606 22445 Gallatin Stewart nw 8,397 6,988 8,587 Dover Tipton w 5,317 6,800 Covington Warren m 10,348 15,351 10,803 McMinnvilJe Wayne * 2,459 6,013 7,745 Waynesborough Weakley nw 4,796 9,870 Dresden White m 8,701 9,967 10,747 Sparta Williamson m 20,640 26,608 27,006 Franklin Wilson nw 18,730 25,477 24,460 Lebanon 45 Total of W.Tenn. 287,501 488,448 604,952 f nf wiinm IRQ nu Total of Tenn. 420,822 684,822 829,210 I are slaves. Rivers principal rivers are Mississippi, Tennessee, Cumberland, Clinch, Duck, Holston, French-Broad, Notahacky, Hiwassee, Tellico, Reelfoot, Obion, Forked Deer, Wolf, and Elk river. Tennessee is washed by the great river Mississippi on the west, and the fine rivers Tennessee and Cumberland pass through it in very serpentine courses. The western part is undulating ; some of it level ; in the middle it is hilly ; and the eastern part, known by the name of East Tennessee, abounds in mountains, many of them lofty, and presenting scenery peculiarly grand and picturesque. Of these mountains, the Cumberland, or great Laurel Ridge, is the most re markable. Stone, Yellow, Iron, Bald, Smoky, and Unaka mountains, join each TENNESSEE. 125 other, and form in a direction nearly north-east and south-west, the eastern boundary of the state. North-west of these, and separated from each other by valleys of from 5 to 15 miles wide, are Bay's Mountain, Copper Ridge, Clinch Mountain, Powell's Mountain, and Welling's Ridge. The last four terminate north of Tennessee river. They are all encircled by valleys, which open passages for rivers and roads, and which, together with the numerous cascades, render the views very sublime. Caves of great depth and extent are found throughout the state. The geological formation of this state is wholly secondary, except a small portion of the eastern part, which is transition, and numerous spots on the banks of rivers, which are alluvial. A considerable portion of the state is bed ded on lime-stone. A large deposit of gypsum has been lately discovered. Cop peras, alum, nitre, and lead are among the minerals. Some silver has been ibund. Coal is supposed to be plentiful. Saltpetre is so abundant as to form a great article of commerce. There are several mineral springs, and many valuable salt springs. The soil in a country so uneven must be very various. The western part of the state has a black, rich soil ; in the middle are great quantities of excel lent land ; in the eastern, part of the mountains are lean, but there are many fertile valleys. There is a great profusion of natural timber, poplar, hickory, walnut, oak, beach, sycamore, locust, cherry, sugar-maple, &c., and in many places are great quantities of cane remarkably thick and strong. The state also abounds with medicinal plants, such as snake-root, ginseng, Carolina pink, angelica, senna, annise, spikenard, &c. Tennessee is also well supplied with animals and birds of various kinds, and the rivers abound in divers sorts of fish. The climate is generally healthy. In East Tennessee, the heat is so tempered by the mountain air on one side, and by refreshing breezes from the Gulf of Mexico on the other, that this part of the state has one of the most desirable climates in North America. The middle part resembles Kentucky in climate. The winter in Tennessee resembles the spring in New England. Snow seldom falls to a greater depth than 10 inches, or lies longer than 10 days. Cumberland river has been frozen over but three times since the country was settled. Cattle are rarely sheltered in winter. In the western parts there are some low bottoms on which the inhabitants are subject to bilious fevers, and fever and ague in the autifinn. The great business of the state is agriculture. The soil produces abundantly cotton and tobacco, which are the staple commodities. The inhabitants also raise a plentiful supply of grain, grass, and fruit. They export cotton, tobacco, and flour, in considerable quantities ; also saltpetre, and many other articles. The principal commerce is carried on through the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, and from them through the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans. This, state also supplies Kentucky, Ohio, &c., with cotton for inland manufactures ; and from East Tennessee considerable numbers of cattle are sent to the sea- sorts on the Atlantic. There are in this state 21 banks and branches, viz. : 3 at Nashville, 1 at Memphis, 1 at Pulaski, 1 at Athens, 1 at Jackson, 1 at Knoxville, and Yeat> man, Wood & Co.'s. The state jflbitentiary is near Nashville, built in 1831, at an expense of about $50,000. It is 3 stones high, 310 feet in length, and 50 feet in width, containing solitary cells. Nashville University, at Nashville, is a respectable institution, with Education> considerable endowments. East Tennessee College is at Knoxville. Greenville College, the oldest in the state, is at Greenville ; and there is a theological school at Maryville, and Jackson College at Columbia. The Cherokee Indians possess that part of the state which lies to the south of the Tennessee and Hiwassee rivers, These Indians have made much pro- 126 TENNESSEE gress in the arts of civilized life, and pay considerable attention to education. By the treaty of 23d May, 1836, they are now bound to remove west of the Mississippi. Religious The Baptists in this state have 13 associations, 224 churches, 151 denomiiia- ministers, and 12,971 communicants ; the Methodists, 125 preachers, and 40,242 members; the Presbyterians, 125 churches, 60 minis ters, 20 licentiates, and 8,814 communicants ; the Lutherans, 10 ministers. The Cumberland Presbyterians, computed at about 100,000, reside chiefly in Tennessee and Kentucky. The number of periodical papers in this state is 30. The earliest settlements in this state were made between the years itory. j-^ an( | i770 ? by emigrants from North Carolina and Virginia. The country was included within the limits of North Carolina till 1790, when it was placed under a separate territorial government, denominated the " Territory South of the Ohio ;" and in 1796, the inhabitants formed a constitution, and Tennessee was admitted into the Union as an independent state. The constitution of this state was formed at Knoxville, in 179C. Constitution . .... , . . . , . . and govern. 1 he legislative authority is vested in a General Assembly, consisting mellt - of a senate and house of representatives ; and the members of both houses are elected biennially on the first Tuesday and Friday in August. The number of representatives is 60, who are apportioned among the different coun ties according to the number of taxable inhabitants. The number of senators cannot be less than one third, nor more than one half of the number of repre sentatives. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected at the same time with the senators and representatives ; and who holds his office for the term of two years, but is not eligible more than six years in any term of eight. The general assembly meets (at Nashville) biennially, on the third Monday in September, next following the election ; and it may be called to gether, if necessary, at other times, by the governor. The right of suffrage is granted to every freeman of the age of 21 years, possessing a freehold in the county where he offers his vote, and to every free man who has been an inhabitant of any one county in the state six months immediately preceding the day of election. The judiciary power is vested in such superior and inferior courts, as the legislature may, from time to time, direct and establish. The judges are appointed by a joint ballot of both houses, and hold their offices during good behavior. The governor's salary is 2,000 dollars. This state sends thirteen representatives to congress. KENTUCKY. KENTUCKY is bounded N. by Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio ; E. by Virginia , 6. by Tennessee; and W. by the Mississippi. It extends from lat. 36 30' to 89 10' N. and from 5 to 10 W. long, from Washington. Length on the southern line, 300 miles. Extent, 39,000 square miles, or 24,960,000 acres. KENTUCKY. 127 KENTUCKY, ARMS OF KENTUCKY. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1830. Pop. 18 10. Cciinty Ti>wns. Adair sm 8,220 4,464 Columbia Allen s 6,486 7,329 Scottsville Anderson m 4,542 5,452 Lawrenceburg Barren swm 14,821 17,288 Glasgow Bath em 8,799 9,763 Owingsville Boone n 9,012 10,034 Burlington Bourbon new. 18,434 14,478 Paris Bracken n 6,392 7,053 Augusta Breathitt 2,195 Breckenridgc wm 7,345 8,944 Hardinsburg Butler swm 3,055 3,898 Morgantown Bullitt nwm 5660 6,334 Shepherdsville C aid well w 8,332 10,365 Princeton Callaway sw 5,159 9,794 Wadesborough Carroll 3,966 Campbell n 9,893 5,214 Newport Carter 2,905 Casey m 4,342 4,939 Liberty Christian sw 12,694 15,997 Hopkinsvflle Clarke m 13,052 10,802 Winchester Clay se 3,549 4,607 Manchester Clinton 3,803 Cumberland s 8,636 6,090 Burkesvillc Davies wm 5/il8 8,331 Owensborough Edmondson swm 2,642 2,914 Brownsville Estill em 4,618 5,535 Irvine Fayette m 25,174 22,194 Lexington Fleming ne 13,493 13,268 Flemingsburg 128 KENTUCKY. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. Counties. P,.p. 1830. Pop. 1840. County Towns. Floyd 4,266 6,302 Preston sburg Franklin m 9,251 9,420 Frankfort Gallatin i 6,680 4,003 Port William Garrard m 11,870 10,480 Lancaster Grant nm 2,987 4,192 Williamstown Graves su 2,503 7,465 Mayfield Grayson wm 3,876 4,461 Litchfield Greene m 13,718 14,212 Creensburg Greenup n 5,853 6,297 Green upsburg Hancock wm 1,494 2,581 Hawsville Hardin wm 13,148 16,357 Elizabethtown Harlan se 2,928 3,015 Mount Pleasant Harrison nm 13,180 12,472 Cynthiana Hart swm 5,292 7,031 Mumfordsville Henderson w 6,649 9,548 Henderson Henry nm 11,395 10,015 New Castle Hickman sw 5,193 8,968 Columbus Hopkins w 6,763 9,171 Madison ville Jefferson nwm 24,002 36,346 Louisville Jessamine m 9,961 9,396 Nicholasville Kenton 7,816 Covington Knox se 4,321 5,722 Barbourville Laurel sem 2,182 3,079 Lawrence e 3,897 4,730 Louisa Lewis ne 5,206 6,301 Lincoln m 11,012 10,187 Stanford Livingston w 6,607 9,025 Salem Logan * 13,002 13,615 Russelville McCracken w 1,298 4,745 Paducah Madison m 18,035 16,355 Richmond Marion 11,032 Lebanon Mason n 16,203 15,719 Maysville Meade wm 4,111 5,780 Brandonsburg Mercer m 17,606 18,720 Harrodsburg Monroe * 5,125 6,526 Tompldnsville Montgomery m 10,221 9,333 Mount Sterling Morgan em 2,857 4,603 West Liberty Muhlenberg swm 5,341 6,964 Greenville Nelson wm 14,916 13,637 Bardstown Nicholas nem 8,832 8,745 Carlisle Ohio wm 4,913 6,592 Hartford Oldham nm 9,563. 7,380 La Grange Owen nm 5,792 8,232 New Liberty Pendleton n 3,866 4,455 Falmouth Perry se 3,331 3,089 Perry C. H. Pike e 2,677 3,569 Pikeville Pulaski sm 9,522 9,620 Somerset Rockcastle sem 2,875 3,409 Mount Vernon Russell sm 3,883 4,238 Jamestown Scott nm 14,677 13,668 Georgetown Shelby nm 19,039 17,768 Shelbyville Simpson s 6,099 6,537 Franklin Spencer m 6,815 6,581 Taylorsville Todd s 8,801 9,991 Elkton Trigg sw 5,889 7,716 Cadiz Trimble 4,480 Bedford Unibn w 4,435 6,673 Morganfield Warren swm 10,947 15,446 Bowling Green Washington m 10,593 Springfield Wayne * 8,731 7,399 Monticello Whitely se 3,807 4,673 Whitely C. H. Woodford m 12,294 1 1,740 Versailles Total 688,844 779,828 1 KENTUCKY. Population at different Periods. Population. In 1790, 73,677 1800, 220,959 1810, 406,511 1820, 564,317 1830, 688,844 1840, 779,828 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 147,282 1800 1810, 185,552 . 1810 1820, 147,806 1820 1830, 124,527 1830 1840, 90,984 DIFFERENT CLASSES OF INHABITANTS. 129 Slaves. 12,430 43,344 80,561 120,732 165,350 182,258 White Persons, Deaf and Dumb, Blind, Insane and Idiots, at public charge, Do. at private charge, Persons employed in Mining, Agriculture, Commerce, Manufactures and Trades, Navigation of the Ocean, " Canals, Lakes, and Rivers, Learned Professions, Revolutionary and military Pen sioners, 400 236 305 490 331 197,738 3,448 23,217 44 968 2,487 886 Slaves and Colored Persons, Deaf and Dumb, Blind, Insane and Idiots, at public charge, Do. at private charge, Universities or Colleges, Students in Universities, &c. Academies and Grammar Schools, Students in Academies, &c. Primary and Common Schools, Scholars in Common Schools, White Persons over 20 years of age unable to read and write, 77 141 132 10 1,419 116 4,906 954 24,641 45,018 FINANCES. The bonds sold by this State for purposes of Internal Improvement are as follows : viz. 1,385,000 5 per cents. annual interest, ... $ 69,250 1,765,500 5 per cents, do ... 105,930 600,000 do. (6 years' bonds) . . . 36,000 $3,750,500 $211,180 If to this be added a temporary loan of $40,000 from the banks, the total liabilities of the State will be $3,790,500, and the annual interest, including $8,420 exchange on interest payable in the East, will be $222,000. The State holds 10,709 bank shares, which at par value would be worth $1,070,900; and holds of her own bonds, $937,500; making upwards of two millions, as an offset to her debt. Value of taxable property, in 1840, as reported by the Second Auditor, $272,250,027. The whole amount of the surplus revenue of the United Slates re ceived by Kentucky was $1,433,757 58. Of this $850,000 was set apart as a permanent School Fund, and invested in Internal Improvement bonds. The principal rivers of Kentucky are the Ohio, which flows along the state 639 miles, following its windings ; the Mississippi, Tennessee, Cumberland, Kentucky, Green, Licking, Big Sandy, Salt, and Rolling. Cumberland mountains form the south-east boundary of this state. The eastern counties, bordering on Virginia, are mountainous and barren. A tract from 5 to 20 miles wide, along the banks of the Ohio, is hilly and broken land, interspersed with many fertile valleys. Between this strip, Green river and the eastern counties, lies what has been called the garden of the state. This is the most populous part, and is about 150 miles long, and from 50 to 100 wide, and comprises the counties of Mason, Fleming, Montgomery, Clarke, Bourbon, Fay- ette, Scott, Harrison. Frank I'm, Wood ford, Mercer, Jessamine, Madison, Garrard, Casey, Lincoln, Washington, and Green. The surface of this dtstrict is agree ably undulating, and the soil black and friable, producing black walnut, black cherry, honey locust, buckeye, pawpaw, sugar-tree, mulberry, elm, ash, cottoa A 130 KENTUCKY. wood, and white thorn. The country between Green and Cumberland rivers is called " the barrens." In 1800 the legislature of Kentucky made a gratuitous grant of this tract to actual settlers, under the impression that it was of little value ; but it proves to be excellent land ; and hogs and cattle are raised in abundance. The whole state, below the mountains, rests on an immense bed of limestone, usually about eight feet below the surface. There are every where apertures in this limestone, through which the waters of the rivers sink into the earth. The large rivers of Kentucky, for this reason, are more dimin ished during the dry season, than those of any part of the United States, and the small streams entirely disappear. The banks of the rivers are natural curiosities ; the rivers having generally worn very deep channels in the calca reous rocks over which they flow. The precipices formed by Kentucky river are in many places awfully sublime, presenting perpendicular banks of 300 feet of solid limestone, surmounted with a steep and difficult ascent, four times as high. In the south-west part of the state, between Green river and the Cumber land, there are several wonderful caves. The principal productions of Kentucky are hemp, tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn. Salt springs are numerous, and supply not only this state, but a great part of Ohio and Tennessee, with this mineral. The princijuil manufactures are cloth, spirits, cordage, salt, and maple sugar. Hemp, tobacco, and wheat are the principal exports. These are carried down the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans, and foreign goods received from the same place in return. Louis ville, on the Ohio, is the centre of this trade. The introduction of steamboat navigation on the Ohio has been of incalculable benefit to the commercial and manufacturing interests of Kentucky. There is a tract of country in the south-western part of the state, east and north of Cumberland river, and watered by Green and Barren rivers, about 100 miles in extent, called the barrens, which, a few years since, was a beautiful prairie, destitute of timber. It is now covered with a young growth of various kinds of trees. These, however, do not prevent the growth of grass, and an almost endless variety of plants, which are in bloom during the whole of the spring and summer ; when the whole region is a wilderness of the most beau tiful flowers. The soil is of an excellent quality, being a mixture of clay, loam, and sand. Through this country there runs a chain of conical hills, called knobs. Horses are raised in great numbers, and of the noblest kinds. A handsome horse is the highest pride of a Kentuckian, and common farmers own from ten to fifty. Great numbers are carried over the mountains to the Atlantic states ; and the principal supply of saddle and carriage horses in the lower country is drawn from Kentucky, or the other western states. The horses are canied down in flat boats. Great droves of cattle are also driven from this state, over the mountains, to Virginia and Pennsylvania. In 1828 the value of the cattle, horses, and swine, driven out of the state, numbered and valued at one point of passage, the Cumberland ford, was a million dollars. The returns of the value of exports, agricultural and manu factured, in 1829, wanted a number of counties of comprising the whole state; but this partial return gave 2,780,000 dollars, and in 1839 only $3,723. Mammoth For a very interesting account of this stupendous wonder, we are cave. indebted to Dr. Nathan Ward, who published it in the MONTHLY MAGAZINE, of October, 1816. It is situated in Warren county, and in a terri tory not mountainous, but broken, differing in this respect from all the other caverns hitherto known. The doctor, provided with guides, two large lamps, a compass, and refreshments, descended a pit forty feet deep, and one hundred and twenty in circumference ; having a spring of fine water at the bottom, and conducting to the entrance of the cavern. The opening, which is to the north, is from forty to fifty feet high, and about thirty in width. It narrows shortly after, but again expands to a width of thirty or forty feet, and a height of KENTUCKY. 131 twenty, continuing these dimensions for about a mile to the first hoppers,* where a manufactory of saltpetre has recently been established. Thence to the second of these hoppers, two miles from the entrance, it is forty feet in width, and sixty in height. Throughout nearly the whole of the distance hand some walls have been made by the manufacturers, of the loose stones. The road is hard, and as smooth as a flag pavement. In every passage which the doctor traversed, the sides of the cavern were perpendicular, and the arches, which have bid defiance even to earthquakes, are regular. In 1802, when the heavy shocks of earthquakes came on, which were so severely felt in this part of Kentucky, the workmen stationed at the second hoppers, heard, about five minutes before each shock, a heavy rumbling noise issue from the cave, like a strong wind. When that ceased, the rocks cracked, and the whole appeared to be going in this moment to final destruction. However, none, was injured, al though large portions of rock fell in different parts of the cavern. In advancing into the cavern, the avenue leads from the second hoppers, west, one mile ; and thence, south-west, to the chief area or city, which is six miles from the entrance. This avenue, throughout its whole extent from the above station to the cross-roads, or chief area, is from sixty to one hundred feet in height, of a similar width, and nearly on a level, the 'floor or bottom being covered with loose lime-stone, and saltpetre earth. When, observes the doctor, I reached this immense area, (called the chief city,) which contains more than eighty acres, without a single pillar to support the arch, which is entire over the whole, I was struck dumb with astonishment. Nothing can be more sublime and grand than this place, of which but a faint idea can be conveyed, covered with one solid arch at least one hundred feet high, and to all appearance entire. Having entered the area, the doctor perceived five large avenues leading from it, from sixty to one hundred feet in width, and about forty in height. The stone walls are arched, and are from forty to eighty feet perpendicular in height before the commencement of the arch. In exploring these avenues, the precaution was taken to cut arrows pointing to the mouth of the cave, on the stone beneath the feet, to prevent any difficulty in the return. The first which was traversed, took a southerly direction for more than two miles ; when a second was taken, which led first east, and then north, for more than two further. These windings at length brought the party, by another avenue, to the chief city again, after having traversed different uvenues for more than five miles. Having reposed for a few moments on the slabs of lime-stone near the centre of this gloomy area, and refreshed them selves and trimmed their lamps, they departed a second time, through an avenue almost north, parallel with the one leading from the chief city to the mouth of the cavern ; and, having proceeded more than two miles, came to a second city. This is covered with a single arch, nearly two hundred feet high in the centre, and is very similar to the chief city, except in the number of its avenues which are two only. They crossed it over a very considerable rise in the centre, and descended through an avenue which bbre to the east, to the distance of nearly a mile, when they came to a third area, or city, about one hundred feet square, and fifty in height, which had a pure and delightful stream of water issuing from the side of a wall about thirty feet high, and which fell on a broken sur face of stone, and was afterwards entirely lost to view. Having passed a few yards beyond this beautiful sheet of water, so as to reach the end of the avenue, the party returned about five hundred yards, and passing over a considerable mass of stone, entered another, but smaller avenue to the right, which carried them south through a third, of an uncommonly black hue, rather more than a mile ; when they ascended a very steep hill about sixty yards, which conducted them to within the walls of the fourth city. It is not * A hopper is an inverted cone, into which grain is put at a mill, before it runs between the stones. 132 KENTUCKY. inferior to the second, having an arch which covers at least six acres. In this last avenue, the extremity of which cannot be less than four miles from the chief city, and ten from the mouth of the cavern, are more than twenty large piles of saltpetre earth on the one side, and broken lime-stone heaped on the other, evidently the work of human hands. From the course of his needle, the doctor expected that this avenue would have led circuitously to the chief city, but was much disappointed when he reached the extremity, at a few hundred yards' distance from the fourth city. In retracing his steps, not having paid a due attention to mark the entrances of the different avenues, he was greatly bewildered, and once completely lost him self for nearly fifteen or twenty minutes. Thus, faint and wearied, he did not reach the chief area till ten at night ; but was still determined to explore the cavern as long as his light should last. Having entered the fifth and last avenue from the chief area, and proceeded south-east about nine hundred yards, he came to the fifth area, the arch of which covers more than four acres of level ground, strewed with lime-stone, and having fire-beds of uncommon size, sur rounded with brands of cane, interspersed. Another avenue on the opposite side, led to one of still greater capacity, the walls or sides of which were more perfect than any that had been noticed, running almost due south for nearly a mile and a half, and being very level and straight, \vith an elegant arch. While the doctor was employed at the extremity of this avenue, in sketching a plan of the cave, one of his guides, who had strayed to a distance, called on him to- follow. Leaving the other guide, he was led to a vertical passage, which opened into a chamber at least 1800 feet in circumference, and the centre of the arch of which was 150 feet in height. It was past midnight when he entered this chamber of eternal darkness ; and when he reflected on the different avenues through which he had passed since he had penetrated the cave at eight in the morning, and now found himself buried several miles in the dark recesses of this awful cavern the grave per haps of thousands of human beings he felt a shivering horror. The avenue, or passage which led from it, was as large as any he had entered ; and it is uncertain how far he might have travelled had not his light failed him. All those who have any knowledge of this cave, he observes, conjecture that Green river, a stream navigable several hundred miles, passes over three of its branches. After a lapse of nearly an hour, he descended by what is called the " passage of the chimney," and joined the other guide. Thence returning to the chief area or city, where the lamps were trimmed for the last time, he entered the spacious avenue which led to the second hoppers. Here he found various curi osities, such as spars, petrifactions, &c. ; and these he brought away, together with a mummy, which was found at the second hoppers. He reached the mouth of the cave about three in the morning, almost exhausted with nineteen hours of constant fatigue. He nearly fainted on leaving it, and on inhaling the vapid air of the atmosphere, after having so long breathed the pure air, occasioned by the nitre of the cave ; his pulse beat stronger when within, but not so quick as when on the surface. Here the doctor observes, that he has hardly described half the cave, not having named the avenues between the mouth and the second hoppers. This part of his narrative is of equal interest with what has been already given. He states that there is a passage in the main avenue, more than nine hundred feei from the entrance, like that of a trap-door ; by sliding aside a large flat stone, you can descend sixteen or eighteen feet in a very narrow defile, where the passage comes on a level, and winds about in such a manner, as to pass under the main passage without having any communication with it, at length opening into the main cave by two large passages just beyond the second hoppers. This is called the " glauber-salt room," the bat room, and the flint room, together with a winding avenue, which, branching oft* at the second hoppers, runs west KENTUCKY. 133 and south-east for more than two miles. It is called the " haunted chamber," from the echo within ; its arch is very beautifully incrusted with lime-stone spar ; and in many places the columns of spar are truly elegant, extending from the ceiling to the floor. Near the centre of this arch is a dome, apparently fifty feet high, hung in rich drapery, festooned in the most fanciful manner, for six or eight feet from the hangings, and in colors the most rich and brilliant. By the reflections of one or two lights, the columns of spar and the stalactites have a very romantic appearance. Of this spar a large cellar, called " Wilkins' arm chair," has been formed in the centre of the avenue, and encircled with many smaller ones. The columns of spar, fluted and studded with knobs of spar and stalactites ; the drapery of various colors superbly festooned, and hung in the most graceful manner ; these are shown with the greatest brilliancy by the reflection of the lamps. In the vicinity of th'e " haunted chamber" the sound of a cataract was heard ; and at the extremity of the avenue was a reservoir of water, very clear, and grateful to the taste, apparently having neither inlet nor outlet. Here the air, as in many otter parts of the cave, was pure and delightful. Not far from the reservoir, an avenue presented itself, within which were several columns of the most brilliant spar, sixty or seventy feet in height, and almost perpendicular, standing in basins of water ; which, as well as the columns, the doctor observes, surpasses in splendor and beauty, every similar work of art he had ever seen. Returning by a beautiful pool of water, the doctor came to the second hop pers, where he had found the mummy before alluded to. It had been removed from another cave, for preservation, and was presented to him by his friend, Mr. Wilkins, together with the apparel, jewels, music, &c. with which it was accompanied. It has skice been placed in the Washington Museum, the pro prietor of which thinks it probable that this mummy is as ancient as the immense mounds of the western country, which have so much astonished the world. The state penitentiary, at Frankfort, contained, in September, 1830, Penitenti 101 convicts. This institution was formerly an expense to the state ; ary and ho* but since 1825, under the management of its present keeper (Mr. Joel pllal8< Scott), it has more than supported itself. At Lexington there is a Lunatic Asy lum ; at Danville, an Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb ; at Louisville and Smith- land, on the Ohio, hospitals for sick and disabled boatmen. A canal about two miles long, around the falls of the Ohio, at Louis ville, was finished in 1831, and during 104 days, before it was closed by the ice, 827 boats, of 76,000 tons, passed through, of which 406 were steam boats. A rail- road is in progress from Lexington to the Ohio. There are 9 banks and branches in this state, viz. : bank of Ken- Banks, tncky, at Louisville, with branches at Lexington, Maysville, Frank fort, Greensburg, Bowling Green, and Hopkinsville ; bank of Louisville, at Louisville, and the Northern bank of Kentucky, at Lexington. Total amount of bank capital, about $-8,000,000. Transylvania University, in Lexington, is the oldest and most cele brated institution in the western states, and has medical and Jaw schools connected with it. Centre College is established at Danville ; Augusta College at Augusta ; Cumberland College at Princeton j and St. Joseph's Col lege, a respectable Catholic seminary, at Bairdstown. The number of periodical papers in 1841 was 35. The Baptists in this state have 25 associations, 442 churches, 289 ministers, and 40,520 communicants; the Methodists, 100 preachers, and 30,935 members ; the Presbyterians, 123 churches, 71 ministers, 9 licentiates, and 9,832 communicants ; the Roman Catholics, about 30 priests, 134 KENTUCKY. the Episcopalians, 5 ministers ; the Cumberland Presbyterians are also numer ous in Kentucky. The first permanent settlement of this state was begun on Ken tucky river, in 1775, by the famous Daniel Boone, a native of Mary land. It formed a part of Virginia till 1790 ; and in 1795, it was erected into an independent state. On the separation of Kentucky from Virginia, in 1790, a constitu- and govern- tion was adopted which continued in force till 1799, when a new one ment. was f orme d instead of it ; and this is now in force.' The legislative power is vested in a senate and house of representatives, which together are styled The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The repre sentatives are elected annually, and are apportioned, every four years, among the different counties according to the number of electors. Their present num ber is 100, which is the highest number that the constitution authorizes ; 58 being the lowest. The senators are elected for four years, one quarter of them being chosen annually. Their present number is 38 ; and they cannot exceed this number, nor fall short of 24. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected for four years, and is ineligible for the succeeding seven years after the expiration of his term of office. At the election of governor, a lieu tenant-governor is also chosen, who is speaker of the senate, and on whom the duties of the governor devolve, in case of his absence or removal. The repre sentatives and one quarter of the members of the senate are elected annually by the people, on the first Monday in August ; the governor is elected by the peo- le, every fourth year, at the same time ; and he commences the execution of is office on the fourth Tuesday succeeding the day of the commencement of the election at which he is chosen. The polls are kept open three days ; and the votes are given openly, or viva voce, and not by ballot. The general assembly meets (at Frankfort) annually on the first Monday in November. The consti tution grants the right of suffrage to every free male citizen (people of color excepted), who has attained the age of 21 years, and has resided in the state two years, or in the county where he offers his vote, one year, next preceding the election. The judiciary power is vested in a supreme court, styled the court of appeals, and in such inferior courts as the general assembly may, from time to time, erect and establish. The judges of the different courts, and jus tices of the peace, hold their offices during good behavior. The salary of the governor is 2,000 dollars. This slate sends 13 representatives to congress. i; OHIO. LENGTH 210 miles; mean breadth, 200 miles: containing 40,000 square miles, and 25,000,000 acres. Between 38 30' and 41 19' N. latitude ; and between 3 31' and 7 41' W. from Washington. Bounded on the N. by the territory of Michigan, and Lake Erie; E. by Pennsylvania ; S. E. by Virginia, from which it is separated by the Ohio ; S. by the Ohio, which separates it from Virginia and Kentucky ; and W. by Indiana. Pop. in 1790, about 3,000 1800, 45,365 Increase from 1790 to 1800, 43,365 1810, 230,760 1800 1810, 195,395 1820, 581,434. 1810 1820, 350,674 1830, 937,637 1820 1830, 356,203 1840, 1,519,467 1830 1840, 581,530 OHIO. OHIO. 135 ARMS OF OHIO. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Total Pop. lS3o. Total Pop. 1840. County Towns. Adams s 12,278 13,183 West, Union Allen wm 578 9,079 Lima Ashtabula n 14,584 23,724 Jefferson Athens * 9,763 19,109 Athens Belmont e 28,412 30,901 St. Clairsville Brown s 17,867 22,715 Georgetown Butler sw 27,044 28,173 Hamilton Carroll 18,018 Carrollton Champaign wm 12,130 16,921 Urbana Clark swm 13,074 16,882 Springfield Clermont siv 20,466 23,106 Batavia Clinton sm 11,292 15,719 Wilmington Columbiana e 35,508 40,378 New Lisbon Coshocton em 11,162 21,590 Coshocton Crawford nm 4,778 13,152 Bucyrus Cuyahoga ne 10,360 26,506 Cleveland Darke w 6,203 13,282 Sreenville Delaware m 11,523 22,060 Delaware Erie 12,599 Huron Fairfield m 24,788 31,924 Lancaster Payette sm 8,180 10,984 Washington Franklin m 14,766 25,949 COLUMBUS Pallia s 9,733 13,444 Gallipolis jeauga ne 15,813 16,297 Chardon Green swm 15,084 17,528 Xenia jiiernsey em 18,036 27,748 Cambridge lardin wm 4,598 Kenton rlamilton sw 52,321 80,145 Cincinnati Hancock nwm 813 9,986 Findlay larrison e 20,920 20,099 2adiz Jenry nw highland sm 260 16,347 2,503 22,269 Damascus lillsborough locking sm 4,008 9,741 Logan loltnes m 9,133 18,088 Vlillersburg luron n 13,345 23,933 Norwalk Tackson s 5,974 9,744 Fackson Fefferson e 22,489 25,030 Steubenville nox m 17,124 29,579 VIount Vernon Lake 9,738 J ainsville Lawrence s 5,366 13,719 Turlington 136 OHIO. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. Counties. Tolal Pop. 1830. Totnl Pop. 1840 County Towns. Licking m 20,864 35,096 Newark Lorain n 5,696 18,467 Elyria Logan wm 6,442 14,015 Belle Fontaine Lucas n 9,382 Toledo Madison in 6,190 9,025 London Marion in 6,558 14,765 Marion Medina nem 7,560 18,352 Medina Meigs se 6,159 11,452 Chester Mercer w 1,110 8,277 St. Mary's Miami wm 12,806 19,688 Troy Monroe se 8,770 18,521 Woodsfield Montgomery ism 24,252 31,938 Dayton Morgan se 11,796 20,852 McConnelsville Muskingum m 29,325 38,749 Zanesville Ottawa 2,248 Paulding nw 160 1,034 Perry sm 14,018 19,344 Somerset Pickawaj m 15,935 19,725 Circleville Pike * 6,024 7,626 Piketon Portage ne 18,827 22,965 Ravenna Preble w 16,255 19,482 Eaton Putnam nw 230 5,189 Sugar Grove Richland nm 24,007 44,532 Mansfield Ross sm 24,053 27,460 2hillicolhe Sandusky n Scioto s 2,851 8,730 10,182 11,192 Lower Sandusky Portsmouth Seneca nm 5,148 18,128 Tiffin Shelby im 3,671 12,154 Sydney Stark em 26,784 34,603 Canton Summit 22,560 Trumbull ne 26,154 38,107 Warren Tuscarawas em 14,298 25,631 New Philadelphia Union em 3,192 8,422 Marysville Van Wert nw 49 1,577 Wiltshire Warren swm 21,493 23,141 Lebanon Washington se 11,731 20,823 Marietta Wayne nm 23,344 35,808 Wooster Williams nw 377 4,465 Defiance Wood nw 1,095 5,357 Perrysburg 79 Total 937,679 1,519,467 The rivers which flow into Lake Erie on the north, are Maumee, Sandusky, Huron, Vermilion, Black, Cuyahoga, Grand, and Ashtabula ; those in the south flowing into the Ohio, are the Muskingum, Hockhocking, Little and Great Miami. The Au-Glaize and St. Mary's in the western part of the state, are branches of the Maumee. The interior and northern parts of the country, bordering on Lake Erie, are generally level, and in some places marshy. Nearly one-third of the eastern and south-eastern part is very hilly and broken. The hills are exceedingly numer ous, but they seldom rise into considerable mountains. Immediately upon the banks of the Ohio, and several of its tributaries, are numerous tracts of interval or meadow land, of great fertility. In the interior, on both sides of the Scioto, and on the Great and Little Miami, are perhaps the most extensive bodies of level and rich land in the state. In many parts there are large prairies, par ticularly on the head waters of the Muskingum and Scioto, and between the Scioto and the two Miamis. Some of these prairies are low and marshy, pro ducing large quantities of coarse grass, from 2 to 5 feet high ; some of which is of a tolerably ^ood quality : other prairies are elevated, and are frequently called barrens ; not always on account of their sterility, for they are often fer tile. The most elevated tracts of country between the rivers, are the wettest and most marshy in the state ; and the driest land is that which borders on the various streams of water. Among the forest trees, are oak of various species, maple, hickory, beach, birch, poplar, sycamore, ash, pawpaw, buck-eye cherry, &c. OHIO. 137 Wheat is the staple of the state. Other sorts of grain, various kinds of fruit, grass, hemp, and flax, are extensively cultivated. From 70 to 100 bushels of Indian corn, it is said, have, in many instances, been produced in a year from one acre. Coal is found in great quantities in the eastern parts. Iron ore has been discovered and wrought pretty ex tensively in several places, particularly on the south of Licking river, 4 miles west of Zanesville, on Brush creek, and in some other places. Salt springs are found on some of the eastern waters of Muskingum, and on Salt creek, 28 miles south-east of Chillicothe, where there are considerable salt works. The summers are warm and pretty regular, though somewhat subject to tornadoes. Spring and autumn are very pleasant ; and the winters generally mild. In some parts near the marshes and stagnant waters, the inhab itants are subject to the fever and ague ; but the climate, generally, is accounted remarkably healthy. Ohio takes the lead among the western states with regard to manufactures. Some of the most important manufacturing towns are Cincinnati, Zanesville, Steu- benville, and Chillicothe. The building of ships has been commenced in this state* for the purpose of carrying its produce to market. These are laden at spring-flood, and descend the rivers in per fect safety to the Atlantic, whence they proceed to the West Indies, or other parts, where they are disposed of, both vessel and cargo. The first ships built here were in 1802, at Marietta. Their frames were almost wholly of black walnut, which is said to be as durable as the live-oak. All the materials for ship-building abound in this country. The exports from this state consist of flour, corn, hemp, flax, beef, pork, smoked hams of venison, whisky, peach-brandy, and lumber. . More than half of the exports go to New Orleans ; but much is sent to New York and other Atlantic cities. The Ohio Canal forms a communication between the river Ohio, at Portsmouth, and lake Erie, at Cleaveland, 320 miles in length. The Miami Canal, which is completed from Cincin nati to Dayton, 65 miles, has 22 locks, and cost $746,000, about 811,000 a mile. It extends through the richest portion of the state, and is the channel of an extensive trade. The principal banks are, the Commercial and Frank lin Banks, Cincinnati ; the Clinton Bank, Columbus, being public deposite banks ; the banks of Chillicothe, Marietta, St. Clairsville, Steubenville, Mount Plea sant, and Canton ; Franklin Bank of Columbus, at Columbus ; Lancaster Ohio Bank, at Lancaster ; Ur- bana Banking Company, at Urbana ; Bank of Scioto, at Portsmouth ; and Western Reserve Bank, at Warren. The principal literary seminaries in this state are the University of Ohio, at Athens ; Miami University, at Oxford ; Western Reserve Col- S Lake Erie Cleaveland Cuyahoga R- i Akron Clinton Kendall Bethlehem Zoar Dover Jf. Phila. 'Onadcnhutton Coshocton Newark 'Deep Cut Cirdevillt Chillicotho Piketon Portsmouth Ohio River 138 OHIO. lege, at Hudson ; Kenyon College, at Gambler ; the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati, and Cincinnati College, at Cincinnati. A system of common schools has been lately introduced by law into this state. u An act to provide for the support and better regulation of common schools" was passed by the legislature in March, 1831, "to take effect and be in force from and after the first day of May" following. This act declares, " that a fund shall be raised in the several counties in the state for the use of common schools, for the instruction of the white youth of every class and grade, without distinction, in reading, writing, and arithmetic, and other necessary branches of education ; that for this purpose there shall be an nually levied and assessed upon the ad valorem amount of the general list of taxable property in each county of the state, the property of blacks and mu- lattoes excepted, three-fourths of a mill on the dollar; that the trustees of each incorporated township in this state, where the same has not been already done, shall lay off their township into school districts in a manner most convenient for the population." Further provisions are made for carrying the system into effect. In 1840, 200,800 scholars attended. Religious The Presbyterians in this state have 400 churches, 250 ministers, denomina- \\ licentiates, and 22,150 communicants ; the Baptists, 14 associa tions, 300 churches, 200 ministers, and 9,801 communicants; the Methodists, 100 preachers, and 40,06 1 members ; the Lutherans, 37 ministers, and 8,706 communicants ; the Associate Presbyterians, 65 congregations, 20 ministers, and 4,225 communicants ; the German Reformed, 82 congregations, and 3,750 communicants ; the Episcopalians, 25 ministers ; the New Jerusa lem Church, 4 societies ; there are also a considerable number of Friends and Roman Catholies, some Universalists, Unitarians, and Shakers. The number of periodical papers, in 1841, was estimated at 175. The first permanent settlement of Ohio was commenced at Ma rietta, in 1788 ; in 1789, the country was put under a territorial go vernment, and called the Western Territory, which name was afterwards al tered to the Territory North-west of the Ohio; and in 1802, it was erected into an independent state. constitu T ne constitution of this state was formed at Chillicothe, in 1802. tion and go- The Legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of Repre- vemment. ggjj^ives, which together are styled The General Assembly of the State of Ohio. The representatives are elected annually on the second Tuesday in October ; and they are apportioned among the counties according to the number of white male inhabitants above 21 years of age. Their number cannot be less than 36, nor more than 72. The senators are chosen biennially, and are appor tioned according to the number of white male inhabitants of 21 years of age. Their number cannot be less than one third, nor more than one half of the number of representatives. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people for two years, on the second Tuesday in October ; and his term of service commences on the first Monday in December. The general assembly meets annually (at Columbus), on the first Monday in December. The right of suffrage is granted to all white male inhabitants, above the age of 21 years, who have resided in the state one year next preceding the elec tion, and who have paid, or are charged with, a state or county tax. The judicial power is vested in a Supreme Court, in courts of common pleas for each county, and such other courts as the legislature may, from time to time, establish. The judges are elected by a joint ballot of both houses of the general assembly for the term of 7 years. This state sends 19 representatives to congress. Governor's salary, $1,200 INDIANA. INDIANA. 139 ARMS OF INDIANA. LENGTH, 250 miles ; breadth, 150. Between 37 47' and 41 50' N. lat. and 7 45' and 11 W. Ion. from W. C. Bounded north by Michigan state and lake east by Ohio ; south by Ohio river ; and west by Illinois. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1830. Pop. 18 0. County Towns. Adams 2,264 Decatur Allen ne 1,000 5,842 Fort Wayne Bartholomew ra 5,480 10,046 Columbus Boon swm 622 8,121 Lebanon Blackford nem 1,226 Brown sm 2,364 Carroll 1,614 7,819 Delphi Cass 1,154 5,480 Logan sport Clark a 10,719 15,995 Charlestown Clay w 1,616 5,569 Bowling-Green Clinton 1,423 7,508 Frankfort Crawford s 3; 184 5,282 Fredonia Daviess swm 4,512 6,720 Washington Dearborn se 14,573 19,327 Lawrenceburg Decatur sent 5,854 12 r 171 Greensburg De Kalb 1,968 Delaware em 2,372 8,843 Muncytown Dubois swm 1,774 3,632 Portersville Elkhart 935 6,660 Pulaski Fayette em 9,112 9,837 Sonnersville Floyd se 6,363 9,454 Vew Albany Fountain w 7,644 11,218 3ovington Franklin se 10,199 13,349 Srookville Fulton n 1.933 Rochester Gibson sw 5,417 8^977 3 rinc.ton Green swm 4,253 8,321 31oomlield Grant 4,875 Hamilton m 1,750 9,855 SToblesville Hancock m 1,569 7,538 Greenfield Harrison se 10,288 12,459 ?orydon Hendricks m 3,967 11,264 )anville Henry em 6,498 15,128 Vew Castle Huntington 1,597 luntington Jay e 3,863 Portland Jasper 1,267 140 INDIANA. TABLE OF COUNTIES AND COUNFY TOWNS. Continued. Counties. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1840. County 1 owns. Jackson sm 4,894 8,961 Brownstown Jefferson 8K 11,465 16,614 Madison Jennings sem 3,950 8,829 Vernon Johnson m 4,139 9352 Franklin Knox w 6,557 10.657 Vincennes Kosciusko n 4,170 Warsaw La Grange 3,364 Elkhart Lake nto 1,468 Lake C. H. La Porte me 8,184 Laporte Lawrence 7?-' 9,237 11,782 Bedford Madison tit 2,442 6,874 Andersontown Marion m 7,181 16,080 INDIANAPOLIS Martin em 2,010 3,875 Mount Pleasant Mnrshall n 1,651 Plymouth Miami nm 3,048 Perne Monroe sm 6,578 10,143 Bloominjrton Montgomery torn 7,386 14,438 Crawfordsvillc Morgan m 5,579 10,741 Martinsville Noble ne 2,702 Augusta Orange tm 7,909 9602 Paoli Owen Parke torn w 4.060 7,534 8,359 13,499 Spencer Rockville Perry a 3,378 4,655 Rome Pike 8W 2,464 4,769 Petersburg Posey 810 6,883 9,683 Mount Vernon Porter mo 2,162 Valparaiso Pulaski 561 Putnam wm 8.195 16.843 Green Castle Randolph e 3912 10,648 Winchester Ripley sem 3.K57 10,392 Versailles Rush em 9,918 16,456 Hushville St. Joseph Pcott Shelby n se m 287 3,097 6,294 6.425 4,242 12,005 Tarecoopy New Lexington Shelbyville Spencer 8 3,187 6,305 Rockport Stark 149 Steuben 2,578 Sullivan ID 4,696 8,315 IVTproitt Switzerland 8 7,111 9,920 Vevay Tippecanoe ntcm 7,167 13,724 Lafayette Union e 7957 8,017 Liberty Vanderburgh 810 2,610 6,250 Evansville Vermilion W 5,706 8,274 Newport Vigo w 5,737 12,076 Terre Haute Wabash mom 2,756 Wabash Warren w 2,854 5,656 "VVilliamsport Warwick 8W 2,973 6,321 Boonville Washington tm 13,072 15.265 Salem Wayne Wells White e 18,587 23,290 1,822 1.832 Centerville Whiteley 1,237 87 Total, 341,532 685,866 Pop. in 1800, 5,641, in 1810, 24,520, in 1820, 147,178, in 1830, 341,582, in 1840, 685,866. A canal has been projected in this state, to extend from the junction of Tippecanoe river with the Wabash, along the valleys of the Wabash and Maumee rivers to lake Erie; the whole length to be 130 miles. The height, from the summit to the lower level, will be 240 feet. The construction of this work is nearly completed. The principal rivers are the Ohio, Wabash, White River, Whitewater, Tippecanoe, Illinois, Plein, Theakiki, St. Joseph's, and St. Mary's. There are no mountains /in Indiana; the country, however, is more hilly than the territory of Illinois, particularly towards Ohio river. A range of hills, called the Knobs, extends from the falls of the Ohio to the Wpbash, in a south-west direction, which in many places produces a broken and uneven surface. North of these hills lie the flat woods, 70 miles wide. Bordering on all the principal streams, except the Ohio, there are strips of bottom and prairie land ; both together from three to six miles in width. Between the Wabash and lake Michigan, the country is mostly champaign, abounding alternately with wood-lands, prairies, lakes, and swamps. A range of hills runs parallel with the Ohio, from the mouth of the Great Miami to Blue River, alternately approaching to within a few rods, and re ceding to the distance of two miles. Immediately below Blue River, the hills disappear, and there is presented to view an immense tract of level land, co vered with a heavy growth of timber. North of the Wabash, between Tippe canoe and Ouitanan, the banks of the streams are high, abrupt, and broken, and the land, except the prairies, is well timbered. Between the Plein and Theakiki, the country is flat, wet, and swampy, interspersed with prairies of INDIANA. 141 an inferior soil. The sources of rivers are generally in swamps or lakes, and the country around them is low, and too wet for cultivation. There are two kinds, of prairies, the river and the upland prairies; the former are bottoms destitute of timber, and are said to exhibit vestiges of former cultivation; the latter are from 30 to 100 feet more elevated, and are far more numerous and extensive. Some of them are not larger than a com mon field, while others extend farther than the eye can reach. They are usu ally bounded by heavily timbered forests, and not unfrequently adorned with copses of small trees. In spring and summer, they are covered with a luxuri ant growth of grass and fragrant flowers, from 6 to 8 feet high. The soil of these plains is often as deep and fertile as the best bottoms. The prairies bor dering on the Wabash are particularly rich. Wells have been dug in them where the vegetable soil was 22 feet deep, under which was a stratum of fine white sand. The ordinary depth is from 2 to 5 feet. The principal productions of this state are wheat, Indian corn, rye, oats, barley, buckwheat, potatoes, pulse, beef, pork, butter, whiskey, and peach brandy. The principal towns are New Albany, Madison, Indianapolis, Richmond, Vincennes, Corrydon, Jeffersonville, Vevay, Aurora, Terre Haute, Lafayette; many of which are large and nourishing places. See descriptions under their respective heads. The climate is generally healthy and pleasant, resembling that of Ohio. The Wabash is frozen over in the winter, so that it may be safely crossed on the ice. In the southern part of Indiana there is a remarkable cave, which abounds in Epsom salts, and which is thus described by Mr. Adams. " The hill in which it is situated is about 400 feet high from the base to the most elevated point, and the prospect to the south-east, in a clear day, is exceedingly fine, commanding an extensive view of the hills and valleys bordering on Big Blue River. The top of the hill is covered principally with oak and chestnut. The side to the south-east is mantled with cedar. The entrance is about mid- way from the base to the summit, and the surface of the cave preserves in general about that elevation ; although I must acknowledge this to be conjectural, as no experiments have been made with a view to ascertain the fact. It is probably owing to this middle situation of the cave, that it is much drier than is common. "After entering the cave by an aperture 12 or 15 feet wide, and in height, in one place, 3 or 4 feet, you descend with easy and gradual steps into a large and spacious room, which continues about a quarter of a mile, varying in height from S to 30 feet, and in breadth from 10 to 20. In this distance the roof is in some places arched, in others a plane, and in one place it resembles the inside view of the roof of a house. At the distance above named, the cave forks, but the right hand fork soon terminates, while the left rises by a flight of rocky stairs, nearly 10 feet high, into another story, and pursues a course at ihis place nearly south-east. Here the roof commences a regular arch, the height of which from the floor varies from 5 to 8 feet, and the width of the cave from 6 to 12 feet, which continues to what is called the * creeping-place,' from the circumstance of having to crawl 10 or 12 feet into the next large room. From this place to the pillar, a distance of about one mile and a quarter, the visitor finds an alternate succession of large and small rooms, variously decorated; sometimes travelling on a pavement, or climbing over* huge piles of rocks, detached from the roof by some convulsion of nature. The aspect of this large and stately white column, as it heaves in sight from the dim reflection of the torches, is grand and impressive. Visitors have seldom pushed their inquiries further than 200 or 300 yards beyond this pillar. This column is about 15 feet in diameter, from 20 to 30 feet high, and regularly reeded from the top to the bottom." 142 INDIANA. A college has been established at Bloomington: it has a philo sophical and a chemical apparatus, and a foundation has been laid for a respectable library. One 36th part of the public lands has been appro priated for the support of schools. A college has also been established at South Hanover, and one at Crawfordsville. Reiiuious The Baptists in this state have 11 associations, 200 churches, dtnomina- 15Q ministers, and 8,513 communicants ; the Methodists, 50 preach ers, and 15,794 members ; the Presbyterians, about 70 churches and 30 ministers. iiistor Vincennes was settled about the beginning of the last century by French emigrants from Canada, and long remained a solitary vil lage. Few settlements were made in the country by citizens of the United States till the end of the century. In 1801, Indiana was erected into a terri torial government, and, in 1816, into a state. It has been settled chiefly by emigrants from the eastern and middle states, and has had a rapid growth. constitu- The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by (km and go- the people for a term of three years, and may be once re-elected. At lt ' every election of governor, a lieutenant-governor is also chosen, who is president of the senate, and on whom, in case of the death, resignation, or removal of the governor, the powers and duties of that office devolve. The legislative authority is vested in a general assembly, consisting of a senate, the members of which are elected for three years, and a house of re presentatives, elected annually. The number of representatives can never be less than 36, nor more than 100 ; and they are apportioned among the several (Bounties according to the number of white male inhabitants above 21 years ->f age. The number of senators, who are apportioned in like manner, cannot be loss than one third nor more than one half of the number of representatives. The representatives and one third of the members of the senate, are elected annually on the first Monday in August ; and the governor is chosen on the same day, every third year. The general assembly meets annually (at In dianapolis) on the first Monday in December. The right of suffrage is granted to all male citizens of the age of 21 years or upwards, who may have resided in the state one year immediately preceding an election. The judiciary power is vested in one supreme court, in circuit courts, and in such other inferior courts as the general assembly may establish. The supreme court consists of three judges ; and each of the circuit courts consists of a president and two associate judges. The judges are all appointed for the term of 7 years. The judges of the supreme court are appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate ; the presidents of the circuit courts, by the legislature ; and the associate judges are elected by the people. The salary of the governor is 1000 dollars. This state sends 7 representatives to congress. ILLINOIS. LENGTH, 350 miles; breadth, 180 : between 37 and 42 30' N. latitude, and 10 20' and 14 21' W. longitude. It contains 50,000 square miles, and nearly 40,000,000 acres. Bounded on the north by the Wisconson Territory.' East by lake Michigan, Indiana, and the river Wabash. South by the Ohio, which separates it from Kentucky ; and west, in its whole extent, by the Mis- sissippi, which separates it from Missouri, and the Iowa Territory. ILLINOIS. ILLINOIS. 143 ARMS OF ILLINOIS. TABLE OF COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1835. Pop. 1840. County Towns. Adams w 7,042 14,476 Quincy Alexander * 2,050 3,313 Unity Bond torn 3,580 5,060 Greenville Boone 1,705 Brown 4,183 Bureau 3,067 Calhoun w 1,091 1,741 Guilford Carroll 1,023 Cass 2,981 Beardstown Champaign Christian 1,045 1,475 1,878 Uibanna Clark e 3,413 7,453 Darwin Clay em 1,648 3,2^8 Maysville Clinton sm 2,648 3,718 Curly le Crawford e 3,540 4.422 Palestine Coles 5,125 9,616 Charleston Cook 9,326 10,i01 Chicago De Kalb 1,697 De Witt 3,217 Du Page 3535 Edgar f 6,663 8,225 Paris Edwards e 2,006 3,070 Albion Effingham 1,055 1,675 Kwington Fayette m 3,638 6,323 VANDALIA Franklin 5,551 3,682 Frankfort Fulton nm 5.917 13,142 Lewistown Gallatin se 8,660 10,760 Equality Green to 12,274 11,951 Carrolton Hamilton se Hancock w 2,877 3,249 3,945 9,946 McLeansborou?h Carthage Hardin 1,378 Henry 118 1,260 Iroquois 1,164 1,695 Jackson sw 2,783 3,566 Brownsville Jasper 415 1,472 Newton Jefterson sm 3,350 5,762 Mount Vernon Jersey 4,535 JoDavieaa nm 4,038 6,180 Galena Johnson a 2,166 3.626 Vienna Knox nm 1,600 7060 Knoxville Kane 6,501 Lake 2,63 1 La Salle 4,754 9348 Ottawa Lawrence f 4,450 7,092 Lawrenceville Lee 2,035 Livingston 759 Logan 2,333 Macon torn 3,022 3,039 Decatur Madison w 9,016 14,433 Edwardsville Macaupin m. 5,554 7,836 Carlinville Marion am 2,844 4,742 Salem Marshall 144 ILLINOIS. TABLE OF COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. Counties. Pop. 1835. Pop. 1840. County Town8. McHenry McDonough wm 2,883 2,578 5,303 Macomb McKean 5,3H 6,565 Bloomington Menard 4,431 Mercer me> 497 2,352 New Boston Monroe w 2,660 4,481 Waterloo Montgomery m 3,740 4,490 Hillsborousb Morgan wm 19,214 19,549 Jacksonville Ogle 3,497 Peoria nm 3,220 6, 153 Peoria Perry sm Pike w 2,201 6,037 3,222 11,728 Pinckneyville Pittsfield Pope se 3,756 4,091 Golconda Putnam n 4,021 2.131 Hcnnepin Randolph sw 5,695 7,944 Knfcukia Rock Island 616 2,610 Stephenson Sangamou tn Schuyler 17,573 6,361 14,716 6,972 &? Scott 6,215 Shelby tn 4,848 6,659 Shelbyville Stark 1,573 Stephenson 2,800 St. Clair tc 9,055 13,631 Belleville Tazewell m 5,850 7,221 Union tw 4,156 5,224 Tremorrt Vermilion e. Wabash e 8,003 3,010 9,303 4,240 Jonesborough Danville Warren nw 2,623 6,739 Mount Carmel Washington sm 3,292 4,810 M on month Wayne aem White se 2,939 6,41*9 5,133 7,919 Nashville Fa rfiehl Will 10.167 Carmi Whiteside 2,514 Juliett Williamson 4,457 Winnebago 4,609 88 Total, 272,427 476,183 Pop. in 1810, 12,282, in 1820, 55,211, in 1830, 157,575, in 1840, 476,18& Illinois was admitted into the Union in 1818, and contained that year, by enumeration, 35,220 inhabitants. The Mississippi, Ohio, find Wabash form about two thirds of the whole boundary of this state. The other most considerable rivers are the Illinois, Kaskaskia, Muddy, Saline, Little Wabash, Michilhnackinack, Crow Meadow, Rainy, Vermilion, Mine, Spoon, Rocky, and Sangamoin. The peninsula between the Mississippi and Illinois rivers, has been sur veyed for military bounty lands. Congress appropriated for this object 3,500,000 acres ; and the surface actually surveyed amounts to an area about equal to 240 townships, each 6 miles square ; equal to 8,640 square miles, or 5,530,000 acres, nearly. It was necessary that the number surveyed should exceed the number appropriated, as the act of congress provides that the several portions granted shall be fit for cultivation. These lands are described as being very good. The southern and middle parts of the state are for the most part level. The banks of the Illinois and Kaskaskia, in some places, present a sublime and picturesque scenery. Several of their tributary streams have excavated for themselves deep and frightful gulfs, particularly those of the Kaskaskia, whose banks, near the junction of Big Hill Creek, present a perpendicular front of solid lime-stone 140 feet high. The north-western part of the terri tory is a hilly, broken country, though there are no high mountains. The climate resembles that of Indiana and Ohio. The low and wet lands in the southern part are unhealthy. The prevailing forest tree in Illinois is oak, of which as many as 13 or 14 different species have been enumerated. Honey-locust, black-walnut, mulberry, plum, sugar-maple, black-locust, elm, bass-wood, beach, buck-eye, hackberry, coffee-nut, sycamore, spice-wood, sassafras, black and white haws, crab-apple, wild cherry, cucumber, and pawpaw, are found in their congenial soils through out the state. White pine is found on the head branches of the Illinois. Copper and lead are found in several parts of the state. Coal has been dis- ILLINOIS. 145 covered in several places, on the Big Muddy in great quantities near Browns ville, on the Kaskaskia near the town of that name, near the town of Edwards, ville on the Illinois, f*0 miles above Illinois lake, and in other places. Salt water is found in several places sufficient to furnish immense quantities of salt. The famous salt works belonging to the United States are in the vicinity of Shawneetown. Iron ore has also been discovered. Sulphur springs, chalybeate springs, and very strong impregnations of pure sulphurate of magnesia or Epsom salts, abound in different parts. In the southern part of the state a number of sections of land have been re served from sale on account of the silver ore which they are supposed to contain. The lead mines in the vicinity of Galena, are very extensive and valuable. The mineral has been found in every portion of a tract of more than 50 miles in extent in every direction, and is supposed to occupy a territory of more than twice that extent. The ore lies in beds, or horizontal strata, varying in thick ness from one inch to several feet. It yields 75 per cent, of pure lead. The staple productions of Illinois are Indian corn, wheat, potatoes, beef, pork, horses, tobacco, and lead. The castor bean is raised, and oil is manufactured from it, but not in large quantities. Good cotton is produced for home con sumption, and is manufactured extensively in the families of farmers into coarse fabrics, for domestic uses. Hemp, flax r and silk- worms succeed well. Apples, peaches, pears, plums, cherries, grapes, gooseberries, and currants arrive at great perfection. The wild fruits are grapes, plums, cherries, gooseberries, mulberries, crab-apples, persimmons, blackberries, raspberries, and strawberries. A canal has been projected and commenced, to unite lake Michi- internal im- gsn with the river Illinois, and the national government has made a provement liberal donation of land in aid of the design. The length will be about 70 miles ; and the cost is estimated at $800,000. Laborers are now employed in the construction of that part of the great National Road, which extends from the town of Vandalia to the eastern bound ary of Indiana, near Terre Haute. The length of this part is 90 miles, and the road is so straight that its length is not so much as a mile greater than the distance by a right line between the two extreme points. The Cave in Rock, or House of Nature, on the Ohio, below ShawneetowD, is regarded as a great curiosity, and was formerly a rendezvous of robbers. A college has been recently established at Jacksonville, and land to the amount of 998,374 acres has been given for the support of schools ; but no system of general education has yet been organized in Illinois. The Baptists in this state have 8 associations, 100 churches, 90 Relig i OU8 ministers, and 3,432 communicants ; the Methodists, 90 preachers, denomina- and 10,859 members; the Presbyterians, 44 churches, 25 ministers, and 992 communicants. One of the earliest settlements of the French in the Mississippi valley was made at Kaskaskia, in the latter part of the 17th century. Almost all the settlements that have been formed by the citizens of the United States, have been begun since 1800. In 1809, Illinois was erected into a ter ritorial government, and in 1818, into a state. The legislative power is vested in a General Assembly, consist- Constitll . ing of a Senate, the members of which are elected for four years ; tion and po- and a House of Representatives, elected biennially. The number verr of representatives shall not be less than 27, nor more than 36, until the num ber of inhabitants within the state shall amount to 100,000 ; and the number of senators shall never be less than one third, nor more than one half of the number of representatives." The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected by the people for four years ; and he is not eligible for more than four years in any term of eight years. At the 'election of governor, a lieutenant-governor is also chosen, T 146 MISSOURI. who is speaker of the senate ; and on whom, in case the governor vacates his office, the duties of governor devolve. The representatives and half of the senators are elected biennially on the first Monday in August; the governor is chosen, every fourth year, at the same time. The general assembly meets every other year, (at Springfield), on the first Monday in Dec. ; the governor is authorized to convene it, on extraordinary occasions, at other times. MISSOURI. \ ARMS OF MISSOURI. LENGTH, 270 m. ; breadth, 220. It contains 60,000 sq. m., and 38,000,000 acres. Between 36 and 40 30' N. Lat, and 11 17' and 17 30' W. Lon. Bounded N. by Iowa Ter., E. NE. and SE. by the Mississippi, which separates it from Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee, S. by Arkansas, VV. by the Indian Ter. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1830. Pop 1836. Pop. 1840. County Towns. Audrain 1,949 Ben ton 1,512 4,205 Osage Barry 2,504 4,795 Boom 3,859 16,350 13,561 Columbia Buchanan 6,237 Caldwell 1,458 Callaway Cape Girardeau 6,159 7,445 9,520 7,852 11,765 9,359 Pulton Jackson Carrol 2,122 2,423 Carrolton Chariton 1,780 3,483 4,746 Keytesville Clark 2,846 Clay 5,338 8,533 8,282 Liberty Clinton 1,890 2,724 Pittsburgh Cole 3,023 5,866 9,286 Jefferson Cooper 5,904 8,376 10,484 Booneville Crawford 1,721 ' 2,026 3,561 Steelville Daviesa 2,736 Franklin 3,484 5,021 7,515 Union Gasconade Green 1,545 3,012 3,841 5,330 5,372 Mount Sterling Springfield Howard Jackson 10,854 2,823 13,773 4,522 13,108 7,612 Fayette Independence Jefferson 2,592 4,650 4,296 Herculaneum Johnson 2,703 4,472 Warrenburgh Lafayette 3,912 4,683 ' 6,815 Lexington Lewis 3,551 6,040 Monticello Lincoln 4,059 5,933 7,449 Troy Linn 2,245 Livingston 4,325 Macon 6.034 Madison 2,371 3,107 3,395 Fredericktown Marion 4,837 7,612 9,623 Palmyra Miller 2,282 Monroe 6,164 9,505 Montgomery 3,902 4,371 Danville Morgan New Madrid 2,350 4,407 4,554 Versailles New Madrid Newton 3,790 MISSOURI. 147 TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Continued. Counties. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1836. Pop. 1840. County Towns. Perry 3,349 3,803 5,760 Perryville Pettis 1,878 2,930 Georgetown Pike 6,129 9,380 10,646 Bowling Gree Platte 8,913 Polk 2,581 8,449 Bolivar Pulaski 3,234 6,529 Waynesville Randolph 2,924 6,409 7,198 Huntsville Rails 4,375 4,623 5,670 New London Ray 2,657 6,573 6,553 Richmond Ripley 2,123 2,856 Van Buren Rives 1,543 4,726 St. Francois 2,366 3,013 3,211 Farmington Ste. Genevieve 2,186 2,295 3,148 Ste. Genevieve St. Charles 4,320 5,898 7,911 St. Charles St. Louis 14,125 19,593 35,979 St. Louis Saline 2,873 3,421 5,258 Jonesborough Scott 2,136 2,991 5,974 Senton Shelby 1,080 3,056 Oakdale Stoddard 1,744 3,153 Castor Taney 3,264 Van Buren 1,238 4,693 democrat Warren 2,938 4,253 iVarrenton Washington 6,784 6,670 7,213 5 otosi Wayne 3,264 2,57(5 3,403 Greenville Total, 62 140,455 244,208 383,702 Population at different periods. In 1810, 1820, 1830, 1840, Population. 19,833 66,586 140,074 383,702 Increase from 1810 to 1820, 1820 1830, 1830 1840, 46,753 73,488 243,628 Slaves. 3,011 10,222 24,990 58,240 Pace of the &- * ar g e extent of this great state, in its south-east angle, com- Country. mencing above New Madrid and extending down the great swamp, and through the alluvial region, a considerable distance back from the Mis sissippi, is low, swampy, full of lakes, and in many places subject to be inun dated. Beyond that region, which is generally marked by a bold line of rolling and fertile high lands, the country gradually swells into high flint knobs, still rising beyond that region to the mountainous country of the lead mines. This country extends to the Osage and its tributaries. Beyond this, the country is broken and hilly, until we open upon the boundless belt of prairies, which spreads beyond the western limits of this state. The best portion and the most inhabited parts of the state are between the Missouri and the Mississippi. This vast tract is nowhere mountainous. It contains great tracts of alluvial and high prairies. It has, for the most part, a surface delightfully rolling and variegated. There is no part of the globe, in a state of nature, where greater extents of country can be traversed more easily, and in any direction, by carriages of any description. One specific difference between the soil of this country and that bor- lL dering on the Ohio,' is, that the land here contains a greater proportion of sand, is more loamy and friable, and the soil not so stiff. There are small tracts where we find the clayey soils of Ohio and Kentucky. The roads gen erally run where the falling rain and snow are so readily absorbed, even in the winter, that the people are not troubled with the deep and almost impassable roads that we find in those states. The rich uplands are of a darkish grey color, 148 MISSOURI. with the exception of the great tract about the lead mines, where the soil of decomposed pyrite is reddish, and of a color brighter than Spanish brown. The poorer uplands are generally covered with white oak, and that small species of oak denominated pin oak. It is usually a stiffer and more clayey soil than the other, and of a light yellow color. There are two extensive tracts of that fine kind of timbered upland alluvion which constitutes the finest central portions of Kentucky. The one is fifteen or twenty miles in extent. It is south-west of the mine country, and is called Bellevue settle ment. The other tract is much larger, and is called Boone's Lick settlement. There are smaller extents of this kind of land spread over all the state. In a state of nature it strikes the eye delightfully. The surface rolls gently and almost imperceptibly. It has the same trees and shrubs and the grand vege tation that designate the rich alluvions ; and at the same time it has the diversified surface, and the associated ideas of health, and springs of water, that are naturally connected with the notion of uplands. These lands are timbered with the same trees as the alluvions. Rivers Besides the great rivers Mississippi and Missouri, this state i watered by various others of considerable magnitude. The largest are the Osage, Grand, Chariton, Gasconade, Merrimac or Maramec, Washita, and St. Francis. The Osage is a large river, navigable for boats 660 miles. Climate Soon after we descend below the mouth of the Ohio, the climate begins to verge towards a southern one. This state occupies a me dial position, and has a temperature intermediate between that of New York and Louisiana. From the circumstance that the valley of the Mississippi spreads like an immense inclined plane towards the gulf of Mexico, it results that north and south winds alternate through this valley. This fact applies . most strongly to the immediate valley of the Mississippi. As the prevailing winds blow either up or down the valley, the changes are great and sudden. When the breeze, for any length of time, descends the Mississippi, the weather becomes cold ; and if the same direction of the wind continues for successive days, and it be winter, the Missouri and the Mississippi are frozen, and the mercury falls below zero. The winters, which commence about Christmas,, are frequently so severe as to freeze the Missouri so firmly that it may be passed for many weeks with loaded teams. The greater part of the summer is intensely hot. Minerals These consist of iron, lead, plaster, marble and blue lime-stone, and porcelain clay. Manganese, zinc, antimony, and cobalt, are dug along with lead ore, in the lead mines. Stone coal is found in almost every county of the state. But the mineral for which this state is most noted is lead the principal diggings of which are in the county of Washington, and region contiguous, and are included in a region of 15 miles in one direction, and 30 in the other. This district lies about 60 miles south-west from St, Louis, and about 30 from Herculaneum, on the Mississippi. These mines, if worked to the extent of which they are capable, would supply the whole world with lead. There are now from 3 to 4 millions of pounds smelted annually. A few miles south of the lead mines are the celebrated Iron Mountain and Pilot Knob, which are a solid mass of iron ore, yielding 80 per cent, of pure iron. The agricultural productions of the state are hemp, cotton, flax, tobacco, corn, wheat, rye, barley, and oats. There is no country where a farm is made with less difficulty, or where tillage is more easy, and the laborer meets with a sure reward. The wild animals are bears, deer, wild turkeys, prairie hens, partridges, squirrels, ground hogs, racoons, wolves, panthers, and wild cats. The University of St. Louis, at St. Louis, St. Mary's College, at '' Barrens, Marion College, at New Palmyra, Columbia College, at Columbia, St. Charles College, at St. Charles, and Fayette College, at Fayette. The State Penitentiary, at Jefferson city, is built on the Auburn plan, and has from 70 to 100 convicts. MICHIGAN, The constitution of this state was formed at St. Louis, in 1820. The legislative power was vested in a General Assembly, consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The representatives are chosen every second year. Every county is entitled to at least one repre sentative ; but the whole number can never exceed 100. The senators are elected for four years, the seats of one half being vacated eveay second year. The constitutional number is, not less than 14, nor more than 33. They are chosen by districts, and are apportioned according to the number of free white inhabitants. The elections for representatives and senators are held biennially on the first Monday in August. The executive power is vested in a governor, who is elected for four years, on the first Monday in August ; and he is ineligible for the next four years after the expiration of his term of service. At the time of the election of governor, a lieutenant-governor is also chosen, who is, by virtue of his office, president of the senate. The legislature meets every second year, (at the City of Jefferson,) on the first Monday in November. The right of suffrage is granted to every white male citizen, who has attained the age of 21 years, and has resided in the state one year before an election, the last 3 months thereof being in the county or district in which he offers his vote. The judicial power is vested in a supreme court, in a chancellor, circuit courts, and such other inferior tribunals as the general assembly may, from time to time, establish. J The judges are appointed by the governor, by and with the advice and consent of the senate ; and they hold their offices during good behavior, but not beyond the age of 65 years. The governor's salary is 1500 dollars. This state sends two representatives to congress. MICHIGAN. LENGTH, 250 miles ; breadth, 135 ; containing 33,950 square miles, and 21,600,000 acres. Between 41 31' and 45 40' N. lat. ; and between 5 12' and 10 W. Ion. from Washington. Bounded on the north by the straits of Michilimackinac ; east by lakes Huron, St. Clair, and Erie, and their waters; south by Ohio and Indiana ; and west by lake Michigan. NOTE. There is a tract of country lying between lake Superior and lake Michigan, which is at present attached to Michigan, not much settled. ARMS OF MICHIGAN. 150 MICHIGAN. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1840. County Towns. Counties. Pop. 1810. County Towns. Allegan 1 1,783 Allegan Lenawee 17,889 Adrian Barry 1,078 Hastings Livingston 7,430 Howell Berrian Branch 5,011 5,715 St. Joseph Branch Macomb Miehillimackinac 923 9,716 Mount Clemens Mackinac Calhoun 10,595 Marshall Monroe 9,922 Monroe Cass 5,710 Cassapolis Oakland 23,646 Pontiac Chippewa 534 Sault St. Mary Oceana 208 Clinton 1,614 Ottawa 496 Eaton Genesee 2,375 4,268 Bellevire Flint Saginaw St. Clair 2,103 4,606 Saginaw Palmer Hillsdale 7,240 Jonesville St. Joseph 7,068 Centreville (ogham 2,498 Shiwassee 2,103 Corunna Ionia 1,923 Ionia Van B"uren 1,910 Jackson 13,130 Jackson Washtenaw 23,571 Ann Arbor Kalamazoo Kent 7,380 Kalamazoo Wayne 24,173 Detroit Lapeer 4, '265 Lapeer 32 Total 212,276 Pop. in 1810, 4,528, in 1820, 9,048, in 1830, 32,538, and in 1840, 212,276. The state of Michigan is a large peninsula, something resembling a tri angle, with its base resting upon Ohio and Indiana. Three quarters of its extent are surrounded by the great lakes, Huron and Michigan. It is gene rally a level country, having no mountains, and not many elevations that might properly be called hills. The centre of the peninsula is table land, elevated, however, not many feet above the level of the lakes, and slopinf inwards. The eastern parts of this state, from various circumstances, became first settled. Within the few last years a great mass of emigrants have begun to spread themselves over this fine and fertile country. Situated, as it is, be tween the west, the south, and the east, with greater facilities for extensive inland water communication than any other country on the globe, with a fertile soil, of which millions of acres are fit for the plow, with a healthful climate, and with a concurrence of circumstances inviting northern popula tion, there can be no doubt that it will soon take a high rank, and rival its western sister states. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, barley, buckwheat, potatoes^ turnips, peas, apples, pears, plums, cherries, and peaches are raised easily and in abundance. It is a country more favorable to cultivated grasses than the western country. In short, it is peculiarly fitted for northern farmers. No inland country, according to its age, population, and circumstances, has a greater trade. A number of steamboats and lake vessels are constantly plying in this trade, which is with Mackinaek, Detroit, Chicago, and Ohio. The constitution of this state was formed on the llth of May, 1835, and ratified by the people in the following October. The powers of the govern ment are divided into executive, legislative, and judicial. The legislative power is vested in a Senate and House of Representatives. The senators are chosen for two years, one half of them each year, and bear a proportion to the number of members in the house, of one third. The representatives are chosen annually, and cannot be less than 48, nor more than 100 in num ber. The executive is elected for two years, also a lieutenant-governor, to perform the duties in case of a vacancy. The judiciary consists of a supreme court, the judges of which are appointed by the governor, with the advice of the senate. Their commissions are for seven years. The legislature may also from time to time establish inferior courts, the judges of which shall be elected by the people for four years. In all elections, every white male citizen, above the age of 21 years, having resided in the state six months next preceding the election, is entitled to vote. Slavery and the sale of lottery tickets are prohibited by the constitution. Michigan was admitted into the Union, June 15, 1836. Detroit, the capital, was settled by the French, about the year 1670. ARKANSAS. ARKANSAS. 1*1 ARMS .OF ARKANSAS. GREATEST length, 500 miles. Medial length, 300. Breadth, 240. It con tains more than 50,000 sq. m. Between 33^ and 36 30' N. Lat. ; and 13 and 23 W. Lon. from Washington. Bounded N. by Missouri, E. by the Mississippi, which separates it from Tennessee and Mississippi j S. by Loui siana and Texas ; W. by the Indian Territory. TABLE OF COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1840. County Towns. Counties. Pop. 1810. County Towns. Arkansas 1,346 Arkansas Marion 1,325 Benlon 2,228 Osage Miller 358 Carroll 2,844 Carrolton Mississippi 1,410 Chicot 3,806 Columbia Monroe 9,036 Clarendon Conway 2,892 Lewisburg Phillips 3,547 Helena Clark 2,309 Greenville Pike 969 Zebulon Crawford 4,266 Crawford C. H. Poinsett 1,320 Crittenden Desha 1,561 1,598 Marion Putnam Pulaski 2,850 5,350 Dwight Little Rock Franklin 2,665 Randolph 2,196 Green 1,586 Scott 1,694 Boonville Hemps lead Hot Spring 4,921 1,907 Hempstead C. H. Hot Spring Sevier St. Francis 2,810 2,499 Paraclifta Madison Independence 3,669 Batesville Saline 2,061 Benton Izard 2,244 Izard C. H. Searcy 936 Jackson 1,540 LHchfield Union 2,8*9 Corea Fabre Jefferson i 2,566 Pine Bluff Van Buren 1,518 Clinton Johnson 3,433 Johnson C. H. Washington 7,148 Fayetteville La Fayette 2,200 La Fayette Jackson White 929 Lawrence Madison 2,835 2,775 40 Total, 97,574 Slaves, 19,935 The soil exhibits every variety, from the most productive to the most sterile. The forest trees are numerous, and very large. The principal species are, oak, hickory, ash, sycamore, cotton-wood, linden, maple (three or four species), locust, and pine. The cultivated fruit trees are the apple, pear, peach, plum, nectarine, cherry, and quince. The various kinds of small grain succeed well. Garden plants are abundant. In metallic wealth, Arkansas is productive in iron ore, gypsum, and common salt. Cotton, Indian corn, flour, peltry, salted pro visions, and lumber, are the staples. Arkansas was among the most ancient set tlements of the French in Louisiana. That nation had a hunting and trading post on the Arkansas river as early as the beginning of the 18th century; but, from the peculiar situation of the adjacent country, the settlements upon that river made little advance before the transfer of Louisiana to the U. S. Since that period, Arkansas has been involved in the various vicissitudes of the coun try of which it formed a part ; and on the formation of Missouri into a state, became a territory of the U. S. It was admitted into the Union in 1836. 162 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. FLORIDA. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. THE District of Columbia is a tract of country 10 miles square, on both sides of Potomac river, 120 miles from its mouth. It was ceded to the United States by Maryland and Virginia in 1790, and in 1800 became the seat of the general government. It is under the immediate government of Congress. Chief Towns. Alexandria. WASHINGTON. Counties. Pop. 1830. Pop. 1840. Alexandria, 9,608 9,P<>7 Washington, 30,250 33,745 Total, 39,858 43,712 Pop in 1800, 14,093 1810, 24,023 Increase from 1800 t< 180 33 039 10 in 1830, 39,858 1840 A3 719. 1820 100 A 1820, 1830, 1840, 9,930 9,016 6,819 3,854 Slaves. 3,244 5,395 6,377 6,056 4,694 The surface of the District of Columbia is generally very pleasantly diver sified by hill and dale. The soil, in its natural state, is sterile. The climate is esteemed very healthy. The latitude of the Capitol is 38 52' 45" north, and within a very small fraction, 77 west from London. The mean tempe rature, about 55 Fahrenheit ; similar to that of Philadelphia, Wilmington, Baltimore, and Richmond. The situation of the District is such that it has become the centre of a very extensive commerce. The quantity of flour and other domestic produce brought down the Potomac annually, is very considerable. There are three colleges in the District: Columbia College, a seminary chiefly under the direction of the Baptist denomination, is situated near Washington ; Georgetown College, a Roman Catholic institution, at George town ; and an Episcopal Theological Seminary in the vicinity of Alexandria. The number of banks in 1841 was 10. The Bank of the Metropolis, Washington, receives the public deposits. FLORIDA. FLORIDA is bounded north by Georgia and Alabama, east by the Atlantic, south and south-west by the gulf of Mexico, and west by Alabama. TABLE OF THE COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. Pop. 1830. Pop. ]840. County Towns. Escambia nw 3,386 3,993 Pensacola Jackson ) 4,681 Mariana West Walton V w 6,092 1,461 Alaqua Florida. Washington ) m 859 Holmes' Valley Calhoun 1,142 Franklin 1,030 St. Joseph f Gadsden nm 4,894 5,992 Quincy ivyn/Mio 1 Hamilton nm 553 1,464 Miccotown ivLitiuie '. T Florida. < Jefferson Leon nm 3,312 6,493 5,713 10,713 Monticello Tallahassee { Madison 525 2,644 Hickstown ' Alachua m Columbia 2,204 2,282 2,102 Newnansville East Hillsborough Duvall ne 1,970 452 4,156 Jacksonville Florida. Mosquito 733 733 New Smyrna Nassau ne 1,511 1,892 Fernandina St. John's 2,535 2,694 St. Augustine Monroe * 517 688 Key West Bade 446 20 Total 34,723 54,477 Slaves, 25,717 FLORIDA. 153 The surface of Florida is in general level and not much -elevated above the sea. It is intersected by numerous ponds, lakes, and rivers, particularly the St. John's river, which runs through nearly the whole length of the peninsula from south to north. A quarry of stone commences at the island of Anastasia, and extends to the south, not exceeding three miles in width. The stone is a concretion of shells ; it is soft when the quarry is first opened, but becomes hard upon exposure to the air, and is of excellent use in building. The south ern part of the peninsula is a mere marsh, and terminates at Cape Sable, in heaps of sharp rocks, interspersed with a scattered growth of shrubby pines. The gulf stream setting along the coast has here worn away the land, forming those islands, keys, and rocks, known by the general name of Martyrs and Pinerais, and by the Spaniards called cayos, between which and the mainland is a navigable channel. These islands contain some settlements and many good harbors. The eddies which set towards the shore from the gulf stream cause many shipwrecks on this part of the coast, furnishing employment to the Bahama wreckers.. The rivers and coasts of Florida yield a variety of fish, among which are the sheepshead, mullet, trout, and bass, and abundance of shell-fish, as oysters, shrimps, crabs, &c. The soil of Florida is in some parts, especially on the banks of the rivers, equal to any in the world ; in other parts it is indifferent ; and there are large tracts which are represented to be of little value. The country, however, has been but imperfectly ex plored, and few agricultural experiments have been made. Much of the land, which, on a superficial view, has been supposed to be not worth cultivating, it is believed may be turned to very profitable account. Owing to its prox imity to the sea on both sides, this peninsula has a milder climate than the country to the west of it, in the same latitude. The productions are corn, rice, potatoes, cotton, hemp, olives, oranges, and other tropical fruits ; and it is supposed that coffee and the sugar-cane will flourish here. The pine barrens produce grass, which supports an immense number of cattle. The forests yield fine live-oak, pitch, tar, and turpentine ; and lumber has been exported for nearly a century. Among the most fertile lands are Forbes' Purchase, and the Alachua Savannah. The climate, from October to June, is generally salu brious ; but the months of July, August, and September, are extremely hot and uncomfortable ; and during this season fevers are prevalent. At St. Augustine, however, the climate is delightful ; and this place is the resort of invalids. The principal rivers are St. John's, Apalachicola, Sumanee, St. Mark's, Oclockonne, and Connecuh. The lakes are Macaca, and Lake George. The principal bays are Pensacola, St. Rosa, Apalachie, Tampa, Charlotte Harbor, and Chatham Bay. The Florida canal extends from the mouth of the river St. Mary's to Apalachie Bay ; length, 250 miles. i PROFILE VIEW OF THE FLORIDA CANAL. The capes are Cannaveral, Florida, Sable, Romans, and St. Bias. The chief towns are Pensacola, St. Augustine, Jacksonville, and Talla hassee, the capital. WISCONSIN TERRITORY. WISCONSIN TERRITORY. THIS territory is bounded on the east by a line drawn from the north-east corner of the state of Illinois, through the middle of lake Michigan, to a point in the middle of said lake, and opposite the main channel of Green Bay, and through said channel and Green Bay to the mouth of the Menomonie river ; thence through the middle of the main channel of said river, to that head of said river nearest to the lake of the Desert ; thence in a direct line, to the middle of said lake ; thence through the middle of the main channel of the Montreal river, to its mouth ; thence with a direct line across lake Superior, to where the territorial line of the United States last touches said lake north west ; thence on the north, with the said territorial line, to the south part of the lake of the Woods j thence south to the head waters of the Mississippi ; thence down the said river to the north-west corner of Illinois ; thence due east to the place of beginning. COUNTIES AND POPULATION, 1840. Counties. Pop. 1840. Counties. Pop. 1840. Brown 2,107 Milwaukee 5,605 Calumet 275 Portage 1,623 Crawford 1,502 Racine 3,475 Dane 3 114 Rock 1,701 Fond du Lac 67 139 St. Croix Sauk 801 102 Grant 3,926 Sheboygan 138 Green 933 Walworth 2,611 Iowa 3,978 Washington 343 Jefferson 914 Winnebago 135 Marquette 18 22 Total, 30,945 Madison is the seat of government, but Milwaukie is the largest town. That portion lying betwixt the northern boundary of Illinois and the Wis consin river, and from lake Michigan to the Mississippi, has the Indian title extinguished, and, in part, has been surveyed and brought into market. There is much excellent land in this part of the territory ; and it is well watered with perennial streams and springs. Offices are opened for the sale of public lands, at Mineral Point and Green Bay, and a large amount has been sold, and some at a high price. The country immediately bordering on lake Michigan is well timbered with various trees. Here are red, white, black, and burr oaks, beech, ash, linden, poplar, walnut, hickory, sugar and white maple, elm, birch, hemlock, and pine, with many other kinds. The soil is not so deep and dark a mould as in the prairies of Illinois, but is fertile and easily cultivated ; and sandy, especially about the town of Green Bay. Towards the lake, and near the body of water called Sturgeon Bay, con nected with Green Bay, and between that and the lake, are extensive swamps and cranberry marshes. Wild rice, tamarisk, and spruce, grow here. About Rock river, and from thence to the Mississippi, there is much excellent land, but a deficiency of timber. Lead and copper ore, and probably other mine rals, abound in this part of the country. Along to the east and north of the Four lakos, are alternate quagmires and sand ridges, for 50 miles or more, called by the French coureurs du bois, "Terre Tremblant" (trembling land,) the character of which is sufficiently indicated by the name. There are several small lakes in the district of country we are now exa mining, the largest of which is Winnebago. It is situated 30 or 40 miles south of Green Bay ; is about ten miles long and three broad, and is full of wild rice. Fox river passes through it. Kushkanong is six or eight miles in diameter, with some swamps and quagmires in its vicinity. It is on Rock river, between Catfish and Whitewater. The Four lakes are strung along on a stream called Catfish, which enters Rock river 25 or 30 miles above the boundary of Illinois. They are six or eight miles long, abounding with fish, and are surrounded with an excellent farming country. WISCONSIN TERRITORY. 155 Fort Winnebago is a military post, at the bend, and on the right bank of Fox river, opposite the portage. From thence to the Wisconsin, is a low wet prairie, of three-fourths of a mile, through which, a company has been chartered to cut a canal. On this route, the first explorers reached the Mis sissippi in 1673. The Wisconsin river, however, without considerable improvement, is not navigable for steamboats, at ordinary stages of the water, without much trouble. It is full of bars, islands, rocks, and has a devious channel. The streams that rise in the eastern part of this territory, and flow into lake Michigan, north of the boundary of Illinois, are in order us follows : Pipe creek, a small stream, but a few miles from the boundary ; Root river, next; then Milwauke, 90 miles from Chicago. It rises in the swampy country south of Winnebago lake, runs a south-easterly course, and, after receiving the Menomone, forms Milwaukee bay. Here is a town site, on both sides of the river, with a population of six or eight hundred, which pro mises to become a place of business. The soil up the Milwaukee is good, from six to twelve inches in depth, a black loam and sand. Passing northward down the lake is Oak creek, 9 miles below Milwaukee ; thence 21 miles is Sank creek, a small stream. Seventy miles from Milwau kee is Shab-wi-wi-a-gun. Here is found white pine, maple, beech, birch, and spruce, but very little oak : the surface level and sandy. Pigeon river is 15 or 20 miles further on, with excellent land on its borders ; timber maple, ash, beech, linden, elm, &c. Fifteen miles further down, is Manatawok. Here commences the hemlock, with considerable pine. This stream is about 40 or 50 miles from Green Bay settlement. Twin rivers are below Manata- wok, with sandy soil, and good timber of pine and other varieties. From Milwaukee to Green Bay, by a surveyed route, is 112 miles ; by the Indian trail, commonly travelled, 135 miles. North of the Wisconsin river, is Craw ford county, of which Prairie du Chien is the seat of justice. From the great bend at Fort Winnebago, across towards the Mississippi, is a series of abrupt hills, rising several hundred feet, and covered with a dense forest of elm, linden, oak, walnut, ash, sugar-maple, &c. The soil is rich, but is too hilly and broken for agricultural purposes. There is no alluvial soil, or bottoms, along the streams, or grass in the forests. The Wisconsin river rises in an unexplored country towards lake Superior. The coureurs du bois and voyageurs represent it as a cold, mountainous, dreary region, with swamps. There are banks at Mineral Point, Green Bay, and Milwaukie. The Portage canal, 1^ miles long, connecting the Wisconsin and Neenah (formerly Fox) rivers, was commenced by the government of the U. States in 1838. This canal will complete a water communication between lake Michi gan and the Mississippi. The Milwaukee and Rock River canal, 60 miles in length, which is to connect Rock river with lake Michigan, is in progress. The act of Congress establishing the territorial government of Wisconsin, was approved April 20, 1836. The government is vested in an executive, appointed by the president, for 3 years ; a council, consisting of 13 members, elected for 4 years ; a house of representatives, consisting of 26 members, elected for 2 years ; and a supreme court, district courts, probate courts, and justices of peace. Every free white male citizen of the United States, who resided in the territory at the time of its organization, is eligible to office, and entitled to vote ; but the legislature may require by law a fixed term of residence of subsequent emigrants, before admitting them to these privileges. The territory is entitled to send one delegate to Congress. This country was formerly called the North-western Territory, and was then subject to the territorial government of Michigan. 156 IOWA TERRITORY. IOWA TERRITORY. BOUNDED north by British America, east by Wisconsin territory and the Mississippi river, south by Missouri state and west by the Missouri river. COUNTIES AND POPULATION, ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS OF 1840. Cedar, 1,253 Clayton, 1,101 Clinton, 821 Du Buque, 3,059 Henry, 3,772 Jackson, 1,411 Delaware, 168 1 Jeftersoa, 2,773 Desmoines, 5,575 j Johnson, 1,491 Jones, 471 Lee, 6,093 Linn, 1,373 Louisa, 1,927 Muscatine, 1,942 Scott, 2,140 Van Buren, 6,146 Washington, 1,594 Total, 43,111 This territory contains a large proportion of first rate land. Above Des Moines, and extending northward to a point some distance above the northern boundary of Illinois, and for 50 miles interior, is a valuable country. Its streams rise in the great prairies ; run an east or south-eastern course into the Mississippi. The most noted are Flint, Skunk, Wau-be-se-pin-e-con, Upper and Lower Iowa rivers, and Turkey, Catfish, and Big and Little Ma-qao-ka- tois, or Bear creeks, and Des Moines. The soil, in general, is excellent, and very much resembles the military tract in Illinois. The water is excellent ; plenty of lime, sand, and freestone ; extensive prairies, and a deficiency of timber, a few miles interior. About Dubuque, opposite Galena, are exten sive and rich lead mines. The principal towns are Burlington, Dubuque, Pern, Bloomington, Fort Madison, and Bellevue. This country was erected into a territorial government by act of Congress of June, 1838. The legislative power is vested in the Governor and the Legislative Assembly, which consists of a Council of 13 members, elected for two years, and a House of Representatives of 26 members, elected annually. Pay of the members, $3 a day, and $3 for every 20 miles travel. $20,000 have been appropriated by the government of the United States, to erect public buildings at the seat of the territorial government, and $5,000 fora library. MISSOURI TERRITORY. Bounded north by British America, east by Iowa territory and Missouri river, south by the Indian territory, and west by the Rocky mountains, which separate it from the Oregon territory. It consists of a vast region of plains ; in some parts it is fertile and covered with grass, and in others sandy and sterile. The margins of the lower courses of the rivers that enter the Missis sippi from this region are wooded ; but in ascending towards the mountains, the trees gradually diminish, and at length entirely disappear. To the west of these plains the Rocky Mountains rise up in an abrupt man ner, presenting a steep front, with many frowning rocky precipices, and having many summits covered with perpetual snow. It is a singular fact, that between the sources of the La Platte and the Buenaventura, there is an open ing through this range, which admits the passage of loaded wagons. The largest rivers of this country are the Missouri and its tributaries, the Konsas or Kansas, La Platte, and Yellowstone. The Great Falls of the Missouri, which are 2570 miles by the river from the Mississippi, consist of a succession of cataracts and rapids, amounting in the whole to 350 feet. The largest cataract is 87 feet perpendicular. The place where the Missouri seems to have torn for itself a passage through the mountain ridge, called the Gates of the Rocky Mountains, is described as a very sublime spectacle. The river flows through a chasm more than five miles long, where the rocks rise perpendicularly from the water's edge to the height of nearly 1200 feet. The stream is here compressed to the width of 150 yards ; and for three miles, there is but one spot on which a man can stand, be tween the edge of the water and the perpendicular ascent of the mountain rock. OREGON TERRITORY. OREGON TERRITORY. 157 THIS is an extensive country, lying between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific ocean ; but it is little known. It is watered by the river Oregon, or Columbia, and its branches, the princi pal of which are Lewis's river, Clark's river, and the Multnomajh. The country bordering on the Oregon and its branches, is represented as having a good soil, and is covered with heavy timber, consisting chiefly of va rious species of fir ; many of the trees being of enormous height. At a distance from the ocean the country is mountainous, destitute of trees, and much of it barren. Extensive prairies are found on the west, as well as on the east side of the Rocky Mountains. The climate, in the mountainous parts, is severe ; but near the shores of th& Pacific ocean, it is much milder than in the same latitude on the Atlantic. This country was explored by Lewis and Clark, in 1805; and in 1811, a> trading establishment was formed at Astoria by some Americans. TABLE exhibiting the Seats of Government, the Times of holding the Elec~ tion of State Officers, and the Time of the Meeting of the Legislature of the several States. States. Seats of Govern ment. Time of holding Elections Time of the Meeting of the Legislature. Maine Augusta 2d Monday in Sept. 1st Wednesday in Jan. N. Hampshire Concord 2d Tuesday in March 1st Wednesday in June Vermont Montpelier 1st Tuesday in Sept. 2d Thursday in Oct. Massachusetts Boston 2d Mond. in November 1st Wednesday in Jan* Rhode Island ( Providence, ) Newport, &e. Gov. & Sen. in Ap. ; Rep. in Ap. & Aug. 1st Wed.May & in June lastWed.Oct. & in Jan, Connecticut Hart. & N. Hav. 1st Monday in April 1st Wednesday in May New York Albany In October or Novem, 1st Tuesd. in January New Jersey Trenton 2d Tuesday in October 4th Tuesd. in October Pennsylvania Harrisburg 2d Tuesday in October 1st Tuesday in Decem. Delaware Dover 2d Tuesday in Novem. 1st Tues. in Jan. bienn. Maryland Annapolis 1st Monday in October last Monday in Decem. Virginia Richmond In the month of April 1st Monday in Decem. N. Carolina Raleigh Commonly in August 2d Mond. in November S. Carolina Columbia 2d Monday in October 4th Monday in Novem. Georgia Milledgeville 1st Monday in October 1st Monday in Novem. Alabama Tuscaloosa 1st Monday in August 4th Monday in October Mississippi Jackson 1st Monday in August 1st Monday in Novem. Louisiana INew Orleans 1st Monday in July 1st Monday in January Tennessee Nashville 1st Thursday in August 3d Mond. Sept bienn. Kentucky Frankfort 1st Monday in August 1st Monday in Novem. Ohio Columbia 2d Tuesday in Octobei; 1st Monday in Decem. Indiana [ndianapolis 1st Monday in August 1st Monday in Decem. Illinois Vandalia 1st Monday in August 1st Mond. Dec. bienn. Missouri Jefferson City 1st Monday in August 1st Mond. Nov. bienn. Michigan Detroit 1st Monday in October 1st Mond. in January Arkansas Little Rock 158 TABLE OF REPRESENTATIVES, &c. TABLE exhibiting the Governor's Term and Salary, the Number of Sen* ators and Representatives with their respective Terms and Pay, and the Mode of choosing Electors of President and Vice-President, in the several States. s ^ 2 "S^i-^ " *s ^ 1 < i i n *(f * >, ' 11>1| 5 rt c i 0," S "aJTJ >Q S a "3 to 1 fg K E j &< Maine 1 1500 20 i 153 1 173 $2.00 Districts New Hampshire 1 1200 12 i 229 1 236 2.00 Gen'l Ticket Vermont* 1 750 none 230 1 230 1.50 do. Massachusetts^ 1 3666| 40 i 481 521 2.00 do. Rhode Island 1 400 10 i 72 i 82 1.50 do. Connecticut J 1 1100 21 i 208 1 229 2.00 do. New York 2 4000 32 4 128 1 160 3.00 do. New Jersey 1 2000 14 1 50 1 64 3.00 do. Pennsylvania 3 4000 33 4 100 1 133 3.00 do. Delaware 3 1333^ 9 4 21 2 30 2.50 Legislature Maryland 1 3500 15 5 80 1 95 4.00 Districts Virginia 3 3333^ 32 4 134 1 166 4.00 Gen'l Ticket North Carolina 1 2000 64 1 134 1 198 3.00 do. South Carolina 2 3900 45 4 124 2 169 4.00 Legislature Georgia 2 3000 78 1 142 1 220 4.00 Gen'l Ticket Alabama 2 2000 22 3 72 1 94 4.00 do. Mississippi 2 2500 11 3 36 1 47 3.00 do. Louisiana 4 7000 17 4 50 2 67 4.00 Legislature Tennessee 2 2000 20 2 60 2 80 4.00 do. Kentucky 4 2000 38 4 100 1 138 2.00 Gen'l Ticket Ohio 2 1200 36 2 72 1 108 3.00 do. Indiana 3 1000 23 3 62 1 85 2.00 do. Illinois 4 1000 4 2 3.00 do. Missouri 4 1500 18 4 49 2 66 3.00 do. Michigan 2 16 2 48 1 64 j do. Arkansas 1 There is no senate in the legislature of Vermont ; but the executive council, con sisting of the governor, lieutenant-governor, and 12 counsellors, elected by the free men, are empowered to lay before the general assembly such business as shall appear to them necessary ; also to revise and propose amendments to the laws passed by the house of representatives. t The number of representatives in the legislature of Massachusetts in 1831, was 481 ; but the number is very variable. J The pay of the senators, in the legislature of Connecticut, is $2 a day ; that of the representatives, $1.50. The upper house, which forms an independent branc'h of the legislature of New Jersey, is styled the " Legislative Council." II Three different modes of chosing the electors of president and vice-president in the different states, are authorized by the constitution, viz. by the people by districts, by the people by a general ticket, and by the state legislatures. The same states have not all uniformly adhered to the same mode ; and the mode may be varied at the pleasure of the state legislatures. MEXICO. MEXICO. 159 PYRAMID OF CHOLULA. . MEXICO is bounded north by the United States and Gulf of Mexico ; east by the United States, Gulf of Mexico, and Bay of Honduras ; south by Guate mala ; and west by the Pacific Ocean. The chief cities are Mexico, the metropolis and capital, Guanaxuato, Guada- laxara, Puebla, Oaxaca, Zacatecas, Vera Cruz, and Valladolid. The principal rivers are the Brazos. Colorado, Bravo, Grande, Gila, Colo- rado of the west, Buenaventura, and Hiaqui. Length, 1850 miles ; breadth, 1,000 : square miles, 1,690,000. Population 7,000,000 : by some the population is estimated at 8,000,000. The following 19 independent states belong to the Mexican Republic, besides 5 Territories : States. Sq. miles. Mexico Population. 30,482 1,100,000 Puebla .'. . . 18,441 Guanaxuato 6,225 Michoacan 24,166 Jalisco 72,389 Zacatecas 17,580 Oaxaca 32,697 Yucatan 79,534 Tabasco 14,676 Chiapas 18,750 Vera Cruz 27,660 Queretaro 13,482 San Luis Potosi 19,017 Tamaulipas 35,121 Durango 54,800 Chihuahua 107,584 Sonora and Sinaloa 254,705 New Leon 21,200 Capital. Mexico Puebla Guanaxuato Valladolid Guadalaxara Zacatecas Oaxaca Merida Hermosa Chiapas Jalapa 500,000 Queretaro 174,957 San Luis Potosi 166,824 Tamaulipas 200,000 Durango 160,000 Chihuahua 188,636 Sinaloa 113,419 Monterey 900,000 . 600,000. 385,000 . 600,000. 230,298 . 600,000 . 450,000 . 78,056 . 93,750 . 156,740. Ter. of Santa Fe 214,800 .... 150,000 .... Santa Fe Do. Up. California 376,344 25,400 Monterey Do. L. California 57,021 .... 13,419 Loreto Totals .... 1,690,304 7,011,899 The Territories of Tlascala and Colima consist of those cities respectively, together with a very limited extent of contiguous country. The country out of which this republic has been formed, is peculiar as re- 160 MEXISCX spects the features of its geography. It extends from lat. 15 50' to 42 N~: the intermediate space embracing every variety of soil, from the most recent alluvion to mountain valleys, or rather plains, of near 8000 feet above the con tiguous oceans. These elevated plains are again broken and decorated by col- lossal summits, rising from 12 to upwards of 17,000 feet. In one of those aerial valleys, stands the city of Mexico, 7,400 feet above the level of the Gulf of Mexico. From this difference of elevation, and from em bracing such an extensive range within and without the tropics, Mexico may be considered as possessing every climate of the earth, and capable of producing every vegetable necessary to the wants or the luxuries of human life. Its me tallic wealth is no less abundant than its vegetables. From its bowels are extracted many of the most useful, and all the precious metals. Mexico is perhaps better calculated than any other part of the earth, to form a political community capable of producing within its own limits, all that the necessities, the arts, or elegancies of society can demand. Mexico has no slaves worth notice ; that class of its population not amount ing, at the utmost, to more than 10,000 ; or as 1 to 584 of the entire body of the people. The civilized Indians form more than two-fifths of the whole, and are the laboring, productive, and efficient, though not the ruling people. The manufactures of Mexico are said to be very considerable, consisting of cotton, wool, leather,, tobacco, gunpowder, &c. ; but as no recent account has been received of them, a description, will be omitted. Every reader knows, that those of the precious metals are generally found among mountains ; and that this is the country of silver and gold. The annual produce, in ordinary years, used seldom to fall below $22,000,000 of silver. Ths gold is found in little straw-like fragments and veins. The richest mine, in its yield of native silver, is Bartopilas in New Biscay. In most of them, the metal is extracted from red, black, muriated and sulphuretted ores of silver. In South America, the chief mines are found on the summits of the Andes, in the regions of perpetual frost and ice. In Mexico, on the contrary, the richest, such as those of Guanaxuato, Zacatecas, Tasco, 'and Real de Monte, are found between 5,500 and 6,500 feet high. The climate is delightful, and the vicinity abounds with forests, and every facility to work the mines to advantage. A catalogue of the names of 50 mines might easily be given, extending from Santa Fe, at the sources of the Rio del Norte,. to the Pacific. Mexico has but few good harbors ; some of the best and most frequented are Vera Cruz and Tampico on the gulf of Mexico ; and Acapulco and San Bias on the Pacific Ocean. Vera Cruz is the port through which most of the com merce between Mexico and Europe has been carried on. In the tropical regions the year is divided into only two seasons, called the rainy and the dry. The rainy season commences in June or July, and con tinues about four months, till September or October, when the dry season com mences and continues about eight months. On the low lands upon the coast, the climate is hot and unhealthy. On the declivity of the Cordillera at the elevation of 4 or 5000 feet, there reigns perpetually a soft spring temperature, which never varies more than eight or nine degrees. At the elevation of 7000 feet, commences another region, the mean temperature of which is about 60. Mexico is in this region, and the thermometer there has been known in a few instances to descend below the freezing point. It never rises above 75. The productions of this country are as various as its climate. In the course of a few hundred miles, you may meet with almost all the fruits of the temper ate and torrid zones. The soil of the table land is remarkably productive. Maize is far the most important object of agriculture, and in some places, from two to three harvests may be taken annually. Wheat, rye, and barley are extensively cultivated. GUATIMALA. 161 Difficulties have recently arisen in the province of Texas, which may result in dismembering that territory from Mexico. In 1832, the colonists, principally from the United States, seceded from the political connexion previously existing between Texas and Coahulia, and declared themselves an independent state in the confederacy. This secession the Mexican government refused to sanction ; and the dispute which thence arose, aggra vated by subsequent occurrences, led to a declaration of entire independence by the Texians, and open war between the province and Mexico ; the result of which, time only can determine. The Texian country and climate is not surpassed for native richness and genial purity, by any other territory of like extent on this continent. GUATIMALA, OR CENTRAL AMERICA. GUATIMALA consists of a long isthmus, forming the southernmost part of North America, and lying between the Caribbean sea and the Pacific ocean. It was formerly subject to Spain, but was declared independent in 1821 ; and it has since been named, from its situation, the Republic of Central America. Volcanoes are extremely numerous, and some of them terrific ; no less than 20 are in .constant activity. The general appearance of the soil is extremely fertile, and Guatimala produces abundantly corn, cochineal, grapes, honey, wax^ cotton, fine wool, and dye-woods. The population has been estimated at 2,000,000. Length from north-west to south-east, 1000 miles. The settled parts are chiefly along the Pacific ocean, and average about 100 miles in width. The whole of Central America is subdivided into the provinces of Chiapa, Vera Paz, Guatimala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. The country is exces sively mountainous, and volcanoes are numerous. St. Juan- is the principal river. The chief towns are Guatimala, the capital ; Nicaragua, and Leon. The minerals are gold and silver. BRITISH AMERICA. BRITISH AMERICA is a vast extent of country, comprehending all the north ern part of the continent, except the Russian possessions in the north-west, and Greenland on the north-east. It comprises Lower Canada, Upper Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Bruns wick ; the islands of Newfoundland, St. John's, and Cape Breton ; and the vast region of New Britain, or Hudsonia. The government of the whole country is under a governor-general, whose residence is at Quebec ; and each of the provinces has a lieutenant-governor. The established religion is that. of the Church of England, and there are two bishops, one residing at Quebec, and the other at Halifax ; but most of the inhabitants of Lower Canada are Catholics. LOWER CANADA. LOWER CANADA extends from lat. 45 to 52 N., and from long. 14 E. to 3 30' W. from Washington ; bounded S. by the United States, W. by Upper 162 LOWER CANADA. Canada, N. by the territories of the Hudson Bay Company, and E. by the Gulf of St. Lawrence ; reaching about 500 miles from S. to N., and 500 from E. to W., with an area of 120,000 square miles. It is divided into four large dis tricts, Montreal, Three Rivers, Quebec, and Gaspe. Lower Canada lies on both sides of the St. Lawrence, and is separated from Upper Canada by the Utawas. The great river St. Lawrence forms the most striking feature of the country- The other principal rivers are the Saguenai, St. Maurice, Chaudiere, St. Fran cis, Richelieu or Sorel, and Utawas. The cities are Quebec and Montreal. The country is intersected by ridges of mountains, with fertile valleys inter vening ; but the greater part is still covered with forests. The most populous part of Lower Canada consists of a fertile valley, mostly level, through the middle of which the St. Lawrence flows. The climate is subject to great ex tremes of heat and cold. The winters are long and severe :' the thermometer sometimes rises, in summer, to 100 degrees, and sinks, in winter, to 40 below 0* In a state of nature, Lower Canada was covered with an immense forest of very lofty timber, much of which yet remains. The settlements extend along or near the streams, in general where the soil is most fertile, and means of navigation most attainable. In the angle N. from lat. 45 N. to the St. Law rence river, the soil is generally very productive, and settlements advancing rapidly. Eastward of this triangle, to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the country is hilly, broken, barren, and but very thinly settled. From the Mingan settle ment, on the nonh side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, to a short distance above Quebec, the left shore of that great stream is rocky and precipitous. This range of hills leaves the fiver below the mouth of St. Maurice, and extends towards the Utawas, which it intersects about 120 miles above its junction with the St. Lawrence. A very productive body of land is inclosed between this ridge and the respective rivers. Beyond this latter tract, and the margin of the streams, the country to the northward is but very imperfectly known. The population of Lower Canada in 1830 was as follows : District of Montreal 287,119 " Quebec 151,167 " Three Rivers 56,279 " Gaspe 1,003 Total. . .. 495,568 do. 1834, 549,000. Lower Canada is favorably situated for commerce. Some of the principal exports are fur, timber, and potashes. This country was originally settled by the French, and as many as four- fifths of the present inhabitants are descendants of that nation. They live in great simplicity, resembling a European peasantry ; are polite and peaceable, but possessed of little enterprise, and their education is too generally neglected. .Their houses are built of stone and plastered; are made extremely warm by means of stoves ; but are seldom of more than one story, except in the towns. The government is in the hands of a governor, lieutenant-go^ rnor, execu tive council, who are appointed by the king, and a house of assembly, who are representatives of the people. The prevailing religion is Roman Catholic ; of this persuasion there is a bishop of Quebec, a coadjutor, with the titlo of bishop of Salde, nine vicars geneml, and about 200 curates and missionaries, spread over the different districts of the province. The revenues of the Catholic clergy are derived in part from grants made of land to them under the ancient regime. The spiritual concerns of the Protestants are under the guidance of the Lord Bishop of Quebec, nine rectors, and a competent number of other clergymen, who are supported in part by annual stipends from the government, and the appropriations of one-seventh of all granted lands. UPPER CANADA. FALLS OF MONTMORENCI. The Montmorenci falls into the St. Lawrence seven miles below Quebec. The river, just above its junction with the St. Lawrence, after passing through a wild and thickly wooded country, over a bed of barren rocks, with precipi tous brinks of lime-stone, from 200 to 300 feet in height, rushes down a preci pice of 240 feet. The cataract is almost perpendicular ; the deviation being just sufficient to break the water completely into foam and spray. The width of the river, at the top of the falls, is about 60 feet, but the stream dilates in descending. In its fall the Water has the exact appearance of snow, when thrown in heaps from the roof of a house. The effect on the beholder is most delightful. The river at some distance seems suspended in the air, in a sheet of billowy foam ; and contrasted with the black frowning abyss, into which it falls, is an object of the highest interest. On a near approach, the impressions of grandeur and sublimity are finely blended with those of extraordinary beauty. The spray here, as at other similar cataracts, serves as a medium for forming the most beautiful rainbows. In the winter the spray freezes, and forms a regular cone, of sometimes 100 feet in height, standing immediately at the bot tom of the cataract. UPPER CANADA. UPPER CANADA is bounded N. by the territory of the Hudson's Bay Com pany ; N. E. and E. by Lower Canada ; S. E. and S. by the United States ; on the W. and N. W. no limits have been assigned to it. In 1830 it contained the following districts and population : Gore 23,552 Home 32,871 Western 9,970 Niagara 21,974 London 26,180 Newcastle 16,498 Midland 36,322 Ottawa 4,456 Bathurst. 20,113 Eastern 11,168 Johnstown 21,961 Total in 1840, 450,000 ; in 1831, . .234,865 These districts are subdivided into counties, and the counties into townships. These townships are laid out principally along the banks of the St. Law- 104 UPPER CANADA. rence, Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, and Lake St. Clair, and extend back for a distance, varying from 40 to 50 miles. The soil throughout is scarcely excelled by any portion of North America. In the rear of the townships are large tracts of land stretching far to the north, covered with immense forests, and little known except to the Indians ; but it lias been ascertained that there are many large tracts of rich soil. The climate is salubrious. The winters are shorter and milder than in Lower Canada. The spring opens usually from six weeks to two months earlier than at Quebec. The population of Upper. Canada has increased with great rapidity. In 1783, it did not exceed 10,000 souls. In 1814, it was 95,000 ; and in 1830, 234,865. For the defence of the Canadas, a regular military establishment is main tained by the British government, amounting in common to between 20,000 and 30,000 men. This force is stationed at various points along the great line of the St. Lawrence. There are two large canals in Upper Canada ; Welland Canal, connecting lakes Erie and Ontario, 41 miles long ; and Rideau Canal, connecting lake Ontario with the river Utawas, 160 miles long. The Welland Canal commences near the mouth of Grand river on Lake Erie, 40 miles north-west of Buffalo. It connects Lake Erie and Lake Ontario by canal navigation, overcoming all the descent of Niagara Falls and Niagara river between the two lakes. It admits vessels of 125 tons, being wider and deeper than any other canal in the country, except the Delaware and Chesa peake. The elevation overcome by the locks is 320 feet. The canal required prodigious excavations, in some places through solid stone. The "Ravine Locks" are said to be the most striking canal spectacle to be seen in America. Climate of The extremes of heat and cold are astonishing; Fahrenheit's ther- theCanadagmometer in the months of July and August, rising to 100, and yet in winter the mercury generally freezes. Changes of weather, how ever, are less frequent, and the seasons more regular than in the United States. Snow not unfrequently begins to fall in October, and increases in November ; in December the clouds are generally dissolved, and the sky assumes a bright hue, continuing for weeks without a single cloud. Here, however, winter is the season for amusement, and the sledges draws by one or two horses, afford a speedy and pleasant conveyance in travelling ; but on going abroad, all parts of the body, except the eyes, must be thickly covered with furs. In May the thaw comes on suddenly, and in its progress the ice on the river St. Lawrence bursts with the noise of cannon, and passes towards the ocer i with tremendous rapidity and violence. The progress of vegetation is aston ishing. Spring has scarcely appeared before it is succeeded by summer. In a few days the trees regain their foliage, and the fields are clothed with the richest verdure. Septem 1 r, generally, is one of the most agreeable months. The Canadian horses are mostly small and heavy ; but very brisk on the road, travelling at the rate of 8 or 9 miles an hour. The calash, a sort of one horse chaise, capable of holding two persons and a driver, is the carriage most generally in use. The Canadians have a species of large dogs which are used in drawing burdens. They are yoked into little carts : in this way people frequently go to market. Sometimes they perform long journeys in the winter season, on the snow, by half a dozen or more of these animals yoked into a cariole or sledge. The river St. Lawrence is the only channel, by which the commodities of these two provinces have hitherto found their way to the ocean. The principal exports consist of oak and pine timber, deals, masts, and bowsprits, spars of all denominations, staves, pot and pearl ashes, peltry, wheat, flour, biscuit, Indian corn, pulse, salt provisions, fish, and other miscellaneous articles, which employ UPPER CANADA. 165 generally about 150,000 tons of shipping. In return for these are imported, wines, rum, sugar, molasses, coffee, tobacco, salt, coals, and manufactured produce from Great Britain. The government of Upper Canada is administered by a lieutenant-governor, (who is almost always a military officer,) a legislative council, an executive council, and a house of assembly. The legislative council consists of not less than 7 members, of which the chief justice of the province is president, and wherein the bishop of Quebec has a seat ; the members are appointed by man damus from the king, and hold their seats, under certain restrictions, for life. The executive council is composed of 6 members ; the chief justice is president, and the bishop of Quebec likewise has a seat in it. The house of assembly is composed of 25 members, who are returned from the 23 counties ; the dura tion of the assembly is limited to 4 years. The civil and criminal law is ad ministered by a chief justice and two puisne judges. There is a court of king's bench, common pleas, and a court of appeal. The expense of the civil list is defrayed by Great Britain. FALLS OF NIAGARA. The Falls of Niagara are esteemed the grandest, object of the kind in the world. Though there are other falls which have a greater perpendicular descent, yet there is none in the known world where so great a mass of water is precipitated from so great a height. The distance of the falls abo\e Lake Ontario is 14 miles, and below Lake Erie 23 miles on the New York side, and 21 on the Canada side. At the dis- fence of a mile and three-quarters above the falls, the river begins to descend with a rapid and powerful current. At the falls, it turns with a right angle to the north-east, and is suddenly contracted in width, from three miles to three- fourths of a mile. Below the cataract, the river is only half a mile wide, but its depth is said to exceed 300 feet. The descent within 10 miles is about 300 feet, and from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario 334 feet. The agitation and rapid current continue about 8 miles below the cataract, nearly to Queenstown, and the river does not become sufficiently calm to admit of navigation till it reaches that place. Below the falls, it is inclosed in perpendicular banks 300 feet high. The best single view of the cataract is that from Table Rock, on the Canada side ; the best view of the rapids is from Goat Island, which is con nected with the eastern shore by a bridge. The precipice over which the river descends, is formed by the brow of a vast bed of lime. The perpendicular descent, according to the measurement of Major Prescot, is 151 feet. The descent is perpendicular, except that rocks are hollowed underneath the surface, particularly on the western side. The cataract is divided into two parts by Goat, or Iris Island, which occupies one- fifth or one-sixth of the whole breadth. The principal channel is on the west ern side, and is called the Horse-shoe Fall, from its shape. The eastern chan- 166 UPPER CANADA. tiel is divided by another small island. The descent on the eastern side is stated at 162 feet, being greater than on the western, but the water is more hollow. The quantity of water discharged in an hour, is computed at about 100,000,000 tons. The noise of the falls resembles the hoarse roar of the ocean ; being much graver, or less shrill than that of. smaller cataracts. It is not unfrequently heard at York, 50 miles distant. When two persons stand very near each other, they can mutually hear their ordinary conversation ; when removed to a small distance, they are obliged to halloo, and when removed a little farther, they cannot be heard at all. Every sound is drowned in the tempest of noise made by the water ; and all else in the regions of nature appears to be dumb. The noise is a vast thunder, filling the heavens, shaking the earth, and leaving the mind, although perfectly conscious of safety and affected with a sense of grandeur only, lost and astonished, swelling with emotions which engross all its faculties, and mock the power of utterance. A large majestic cloud of vapor rises without intermission from the whole breadth of the river below; and ascending with a slow solemn progress, partly spreads itself down the stream by an arching and wonderfully magnificen, motion ; and partly mounts to heaven, blown into every wild fantastical form ; when separated into smaller clouds, it successively floats away through the atmosphere. This cloud is said to be visible at the distance of 60 or 70 miles. " In the mist produced by all cataracts," observes Dr. Dwight, from whom this account is chiefly extracted, " rainbows are ordinarily seen in proper posi tions when the sun shines ; always, indeed, unless when the vapor is too rare. Twice, while we were here, the sun broke through the clouds, and lighted up in a moment the most lucid rainbow that I ever beheld. In each instance the phenomenon continued a long time, and left us in perfect leisure to enjoy its splendors. It commenced near the precipice, and- extended, so far as I was able to judge, at least a mile down the river. In one respect, both these rain bows differed widely from all others which I had seen. The red, orange, and yellow were so vivid, as to excite in our whole company strong emotions of surprise and pleasure, while the green, blue, indigo, and violet, were certainly not more brilliant than those which are usually seen on the bosom of a shower. " The emotions excited by a view of this stupendous scene, are unutterable. When the spectator casts his eye over the long ranges of ragged cliffs, which form the shores of this great river below the cataract ; cliffs 1 50 feet in height, bordering it with lonely gloom and grandeur, and shrouded everywhere by shaggy forests ; when he surveys the precipice above, stretching with so great an amplitude, rising to a great height, and presenting at a single view its awful brow, with an impression not a little enhanced by the division which the island forms between the two great branches of the river ; when he contemplates the enormous mass of water pouring from this astonishing height in sheets so vast, and with a force so amazing ; when, turning his eye to the mighty mass, and listening to the majestic sound which fills the heavens, his mind is overwhelmed by thoughts too great, and by impressions too powerful, to permit the current of the intellect to flow with serenity. The disturbance of his mrnd resembles that of the waters beneath him. His bosom swells with emotions never before felt ; his thoughts labor in a manner never before known. The pleasure is exquisite, but violent. The conceptions are clear and strong, but rapid and tumultuous. The struggle within is discovered by the fixedness of his positiont the solemnity of his aspect, and the intense gaze of his eye. When he moves, his motions appear uncontrived. When he is spoken to, he is silent ; or if he speaks, his answers are short, wandering from the subject, and indicating that absence of mind which is the result of laboring contemplation." NEW BRITAIN, NOVA SCOTIA, AND NEW BRUNSWICK. 167 NEW BRUNSWICK. BOUNDED N. by Lower Canada ; E. by the Gulf of St. Lawrence : S. by the Bay of Fundy and Nova Scotia ; and W. by the United States. The principal rivers are the St. Johns, Miramichi and Ristigouche. The lands on the rivers, especially on the St. John, are very fertile, and the set tlements lie principally on this river and on the Miramichi. Coal of a superior quality is found on the Grand Lake near St. John's river. The tract of country so prolific in gypsum, commences in this province at Martin's head on the bay of Furidy, and extends east into Nova Scotia. The chief articles of export are lumber, codfish, salmon, and herring. The principal ports are St. John, St. Andrew, Miramichi, and the West Isles. The province is divided into 8 counties. Fredericton is the capital. St. John is the largest town. Population 119,457. New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, in most particulars, are very similar. The face of the country is neither mountainous, nor quite level. There are several rivers, among which those of Annapolis and St. Johns are the most considerable. The soil is, in general, thin and barren, particularly on the coasts. In some parts there are very extensive tracts of marsh, which are rich and productive. Both the soil and the climate are unfavorable to the cultivation of grain, and the inhabitants do not raise provision sufficient for their own con sumption. The fisheries, however, compensate in some measure for the sterility of the soil. The coast abounds with cod, salmon, mackerel, haddock, and herring. Their chief exports are fish and lumber. Coal is found in Nova Scotia ; and plaster-of- Paris, particularly at Windsor, from whence large quan tities are imported into the United States. NOVA SCOTIA. NOVA SCOTIA is a large peninsula, about 300 miles long, and is separated from New Brunswick, in part, by the Bay of Fundy. The Bay of Fundy is remarkable for its tides, which rise to the height of 30, and sometimes, in the narrowest part, even to 60 feet. The rise is so rapid that cattle feeding on the shore are often overtaken and drowned. The chief towns are Halifax and Annapolis. Population 142,000. It extends from Cape Sable, its most southern point, in lat. 43 23' to 49 30' N., and from 60 15' to 67 W. long. NEW BRITAIN. THE country lying round Hudson's bay, or the country of the Esquimaux, comprehending Labrador, New North and South Wales, has obtained the general name of New, Britain, and is attached to the government of Lower Canada. That part called Labrador is full of frightful mountains, many of which are of a stupendous height. The valleys present numerous lakes, and produce only a few stunted trees. In the parallel of 60 north latitude, all vegetation ceases. Such is the intenseness of the cold in the winter, that brandy and even quicksilver freezes into a solid mass; rocks often burst with a tremendous noise, equal to that of the heaviest artillery. At Nain, Okkak, and Hopedale, the Moravian missionaries have settlements. 168 GREENLAND. In New North and South Wales the face of the country has not quite the same aspect of unconquerable sterility as that of Labrador, and the climate, although in the same parallel of latitude, is a little less rigorous. But it is only INDIAN VILLAGE. the coasts of these immense regions that are known, the interior having never yet been explored. The natives are called Esquimaux. Some factories and forts for the purpose of carrying on the fur trade with the Indians, are estab lished by the Hudson's Bay and North-west companies. The trade of the former is confined to the neighborhood of Hudson's bay ; that of the latter extends from lake Winnipeg to the Rocky mountains and the Frozen Ocean. The North-west company is composed of Montreal merchants. The usual mode of travelling in this country is in birch bark canoes. With these the inhabitants pass up and down the rivers and lakes, and when they meet with a rapid, or wish to pass from one river to another, they get out of the canoe and carry it on their shoulders. In this way, the men engaged in the fur trade travel thousands of miles, and carry all their goods. The principal rivers are the Mackenzie, Nelson, Saskashawan, Severn, and Albany. The largest lakes are Winnepeg, Athapeskow, Slave Lake, and Great Bear Lake. GREENLAND WHICH BELONGS TO DENMARK. WHALE FISHERY. GREENLAND, a country, bounded E. by the Atlantic, and separated from Labrador on the south-west by Davis' straits. It is not ascertained whether it is a peninsula or an island, although the recent discoveries in the Polar regions GREENLAND. 169 render it highly probable that it is wholly detached from the continent. It ex tends as far south as Cape Farewell, in lat. 59 30' N. Its northern limits are unknown. The eastern coast is commonly called East Greenland, and the western, West Greenland, but the whale fishers call the whole West Green land, and apply the name East Greenland to Spitzbergen and the adjacent islands. Nothing is known of this extensive country, but its coast. The in terior is wholly inaccessible, on account of the everlasting ice with which its mountains are covered. The eastern coast also has, for centuries, been cut off from European intercourse, by the vast bodies of ice with which its shores are lined. The severity of the climate forbids the growth of every thing but a few stinted trees and shrubs. The whole population does not exceed 20,000 ; and they are confined to the coast, deriving a miserable subsistence from seals, birds, and fishes ; and are sometimes under the necessity of living on sea- weed and train oil. The natives were formerly Pagans, and addicted to some cruel customs, but through the instrumentality of the Moravian missionaries, they have, to a considerable extent, been converted to Christianity. Icy Peak, an enormous mass of ice, rises near the mouth of a sou and river, and diffuses such a brilliancy through the air, that it is seen at countr y- the distance of more than 30 miles. The country along the sea shore presents rugged masses of rock interspersed with huge blocks of ice, indicating the conflict of chaos and winter. The interior is covered with a chain of innu merable mountains, most of which are unexplored. Coal and various minerals and useful and beautiful fossils have been discovered here. Smoke is frequently observed arising from the crevices of marine ice. The rare occurrence of rain, the small quantity of snow, and the intense degree of cold produced by the north-east wind, lead us to suppose that the north-east parts of Greenland constitute a great Archipelago, encumbered with perpetual ice which for many centuries has been piled together by the winds and currents. Hares, reindeer, white bears, foxes, and large dogs, that howl in- . stead of barking, and are employed by the Greenlanders in drawing their sledges, comprise the animals of this country. Immense flocks of sea fowl frequent the rivers and shores. The rivers abound in salmon and the seas in turbots and herrings. It is a curious fact, that those animals, whose blood is of the temperature of the sea, are found in greatest numbers under these icy fields and mountains. The inhabitants of North Greenland pursue the whale and those of South Greenland the seal. The flesh of the animals is their chief food. The skins of the seals serve them for clothing, and as the mate rial for their boats. Their tendons are used for thread, their bladders as bottles, their fat sometimes as butter, and at other times as tallow, and their blood is considered by the Greenlander the richest broth. The exports are in value from 50 to 100,000 rix-dollars. 170 REPUBLIC OF TEXAS. REPUBLIC OF TEXAS. BOUNDED N. by Mexico and the Indian Territory of the United States, E. by the U. States, S. by the gulf of Mexico, and W. by Mexico. Containing 200,000 square miles, and 150,000 inhabitants. It lies between 27 and 34< N. latitude, and 94> and 103 W. longitude. TABLE OF COUNTIES AND COUNTY TOWNS. Counties. County Towns. Counties. County Towns. Austin San Felipe de Aus. Jackson Texana Brazoria Brazoria Liberty Liberty Bastrop Bastrop Milam Nashville Bexar San Antonio de Bex- Montgomery Montgomery Colorado Columbus [ar Matagorda Matagorda Fort Bend Richmond Nacogdoch.es Nacogdoches Fayette Lagrange Red River Clarksville Galveston Galveston Robertson Franklin Gonzales Gonzales Refugio Refugio Goliad Goliad Shelby Shelbyville Houston Crocket Sabine Milan Harrison San Augustine San Augustine Harrisburg Houston San Patricio San Patricio Jasper Jasper Washington Washington Jefferson Beaumont Victoria Victoria The principal rivers are Brazos, Colorado, Trinity Neches and Sabine. Chief towns are Brazoria, Matagorda, Bexar, Austin, Nacogdoches and San Augustine. The climate of Texas is mild and healthy. The face of the country is mostly prairie, the soil of which is extremely fertile, producing cotton, tobac co, sugar, rice and wheat in abundance. It is one of the finest countries in the world for raising cattle ; pasturage being very plenty, they increase rapid ly, with very little attention and expense. Great numbers of them are driven yearly into the U. S. for sale. Vast herds of buffalo, deer and wild horses, roam over the unsettled prairies of the interior ; many of the latter are taken and broke for domestic service. The inhabitants are chiefly from the U. S. There are, however, some Mexican Creoles, negro slaves, and Indians. Histor Texas and Coahuila formerly made one of the Mexican States, but ' in 1836 the people declared themselves independent, and adopted a form of government similar to that of the United States. internal The Brazos and Galveston bay rail-road, commencing at Austinia, improvement, on Galveston bay, and ending at Bolivar, on the Brazos, is 30 miles long. It is intended to take the cotton and other produce of the Brazos val ley to Galveston, whence it can be shipped in large vessels. Another rail road is proposed from Houston to Austin, the seat of government. Compa. nies have been incorporated for the purpose of clearing out several of the creeks from the obstructions to navigation, and commissioners appointed to mark out and make roads. County courts are held quarterly in the several counties, as in the U. S, GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF NORTH AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES. AAR ADA AARONSBURG, t. Centre Co. Pa., si tuated about one mile E. of Elk Creek, which unites with Penn's Creek and falls into the Susquehannah, 5 miles below Sunbury. It is 40 miles W. N. W. Sunbury, 160 W. N. W. Philadelphia, and 204 miles from Washing ton City. Lat. 49 53' N. Long. 77 33' W. It contains a German, Lutheran and a Calvinistic church. ABBEVILLE, district of S. C., having An derson district NW. Laurens NE. Edgefield SE. and the Savannah river SW. It is about 31 m. in length and breadth, having a super ficies of about 1000 sq. ms. The surface is agreeably variegated with hill and dale, and a considerable part of the soil is rich and well watered. Pop. in 1830, 28,149 ; in 1840, 29,351. ABBEVILLE, t. and cap. Abbeville dis trict, S. C. ; 120 W. Columbia, from W. C. 624 m. It contains a court-house, a jail, an arsenal, and a magazine. ABBEVILLE, v. W. part of Mecklen- burgh co. Virginia. ABBOTSTOWN, t. Adams co. Pa.; 18 S. York, and 86 from W. C. ABBYVILLE, v. Medina co. Ohio, 5 m. NE. from Medina. ABERDEEN, t. SE. corner of Brown co. Ohio, on the Ohio r. opposite Maysville, Ky. 22 m. SE. from Georgetown. ABINGDON, t. Hartford co. Md., 1 WSW. Hartford, 26 NE. Baltimore. ABINGDON, t. and cap. Washington co. Va.; 320 WSW. Richmond, from W. C. 404 m. Lat. 36 37' N. It is a considerable town, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market- house, an academy, and a Presbyterian church. Here is a remarkable cave. ABINGTON, t. Plymouth co. Mass. ; 18 S. Boston, 20 N W.Plymouth, fromW. C.452 m. It is a pleasant town, and contains three Congregational meeting-houses. Pop. 3,- 214. ABINGTON, t. S. part of Wayne co. In., 6 m. S. from Centreville. ABINGTON, v. Montgomery co. Pa., 14 m. N. from Philadelphia. ABSECUM, v. Atlantic co. N. J., 50 m. S. E. Woodbury, 95 from Trenton, and 105 from W. C. upon Absecum creek; it is a small village. ACAPULCO, t. Mexico, on the coast of the Pacific ocean. Its port is one of the finest in the world, and capable of contain ing any number of vessels in perfect safety. The principal trade of Acapulco was for merly with Manilla, one of the Philippine islands, to which it for a long period sent out annually a large vessel, called a galleon. The lading from Acapulco to Manilla gener ally consisted of silver, a very small quanti ty of cochineal from Oaxaca, of cocoa from Guayaquil and Caraccas, wine, oil, and Spanish wool. The value of the precious metals, exported in a single vessel, including what is not registered, amounted in general to about 200,000. ACCOMAC, co. Va. ; bounded N. by Maryland, E. by the Atlantic, S. by North ampton co. ' and W. by Chesapeake bay. Pop. in 1830, 19,656, in 1840, 17,096. Chief town, Drummondtown. ACCORD, v. Ulster co. N. Y., on Mon- backas cr. ACCUSHNET, r. Mass., which flows in to New-Bedford harbor. ACQUASCO, v. Prince George's co.Md. ; from W. C. 38 m. ACQUACKANONCK, v. Passaic co. N. J., on the Passaic river, 5 m. SE. of Patter son ; it is at the head of the tide-water, and a place of some importance. ACQUABOGUE, v. Suffolk co. N. Y. ACRA, v. Green co. N. Y., on Schoharie cr., 14 m. NW. from Catskill. ACRON, v. Erie co. N. Y., on Murder cr., 24 m. NE. from Buffalo. ACTON, t. Wmdham co. Vt. ; 33 SSW. Windsor. Pop. 170. ACTON, t. Middlesex co. Mass.; 24 NW. Boston. Pop. 1,120. ACWORTH, t. Sullivan co. N. H. ; 6 ESE. Charleston, 72 WNW. Portsmouth, from W. C. 466 m. Pop. 1,450. ADAIR, co. Ky., having Barren co. W. Greene NW. Casey NE. Wayne and Pulas- ki, or Cumberland r. and Wolfer NE. and Cumberland co. S. Adair co. has a mean length and breadth of about 28 m. area 800 sq. ms. the face of the country broken and the soil diversified. Chief town, Columbia, Pop. 8,466. ADAMS, ts. Berkshire co. Mass. ; 29 N. Lenox, 120 WNW. Boston, from W. C. 402 m. It is a valuable township, and has 2 post villages 5 or 6 miles apart, each containing a meeting-house. There are several exten sive Cotton Manufactories in this town. There is besides a Quaker meeting-house in the town. This place is remarkable for a deep excavation, 40 rods in length, and, in 172 ADA ALA. some places, 60 feet deep, formed by Hud son's brook, in a quarry of white marble. A natural bridge 14 feet long, 10 feet broad, and 62 feet high, is formed over this chan nel by the projection of rocks. Pop. 3,703. ADAMS, co. Pa., having Frederick co Md. S. Franklin co. Pa. W. Cumberland NW. and York NE. and E. It is about 20 ms. in length, and 18 wide ; area 360 sq. ms. Chief town, Gettysburg. The surface of this county is extremely diversified with hill and dale. The soil is also of the different qualities from the worst to the best. The whole co. is well watered. Pop. in 1830, 21,379 ; in 1840, 23,044. ADAMS, ts. Jefferson co. N. Y. Pop. 2,- 296. ADAMS, v. in the above town, 14 in. S. from Watertown ; a thriving village. ADAMS, co. NE. part of Indiana, bound ed N. by Allen, E. by Ohio, S. by Jay, and W. by Wells. It is intersected by the Wa- bash in the S. and by St. Mary's in the NE. Chief town, Decatur. Pop. 2,264. ADAMS, ts. Lycoming co. Pa., 10 m. SW. from Williamsport. ADAMS, co. in the western part of Illi nois, bounded N.'by Hancock, E. by Schuy- ler, S. by Pike and W. by the Mississippi. Chief town, Quincy. Pop. 14,476. ADAMS, v. Dauphin co. Pa. ADAMS, v. Hyde co. N. C. NE. 150 m. from Raleigh. ADAMS, co. Ohio, having Brown W. Highland and Pike N. Scioto E. and the Ohio river S. This co. is about 20 ms. sq. area about 400 sq. ms. the surface much broken, the soil in general fertile and well watered. Chief town, West Union. Pop. in 1830, 12,278, in 1840, 13,183. ADAMS, co. Mis., bounded W. by the Mississippi river, S. by Wilkinson co. E. by Franklin, and N. by Jeffersofi ; length 40 m., mean width about 15 ; area 600 sq. ms. The face of this co. is diversified by hill and dale. .Fruits, peaches, some apples, and abundance of figs. Chief towns, Natchez and Washington. Pop. in 1830, 14,919, in 1840, 19,437. ADAMSBURG, v. Westmoreland co. Pa., 145 m. W. from Harrisburg. ADAMSVILLE, v. Washington co. N. Y., 57 m. N. from Albany. ADAMSVILLE, v. Marlborough district, S. C., by post-road, 106 m. NE. from Colum bia. ADAMSBURG, v. Union co. Pa., 12 m. SW. from New Berlin. ADAMSTOWN, v. Lancaster co. Pa., 20 m. NE. from Lancaster. ADAMSVILLE, v. Muskingum co. 0., 12 m. NE. from Zanesville. ADELPHIA, v. Ross co. Ohio, on the N. fork of Salt cr., 16 m. NE. from Chillicothe. ADELPHI, v. Ross co. Ohio, about 20 m. NE. from Chillicothe, from W. C. 392 ms. ADDISON, v. Steuben co. N. Y., on the Canisteo r., 16 m. SE. from Bath. ADDISON, ts. Addison co. Vt. Pop. 1,232. ADDISON, ts. of Washington co. Maine* W. 16 m. from Machias. Pop. 1,052. ADDISON, co. Vermont, having lake Champlain W. Chittenden N. Washington and Orange E. and Rutland S. Mean length 25 m. mean breadth 20 ; area about 500 sq. ms. Though not mountainous, it is finely variegated by hill and dale. Otter river floAvs through this co. and by its nume rous branches affords much fine land and excellent mill seats. Chief towns, Vergen- nes and Middlebury. Pop. in 1830, 24,940, in 1840, 23,583. ADDISON, ts. Steuben co. N. Y., 15, in. S. from Bath. Pop. 1,920. ADRIAN, t. and cap. Lerawee co. Mich., in the SE. part of the state, in a fine thriving country. It is a place of considerable im portance, being connected with lake Erie by the Erie and Kalamazoo railroad, which is completed as far as this place. It con tains, besides the usual county building, a bank, an academy, and several houses of public worship. AGAWAM, r. Mass., which runs into the sea at Wareham. AGAWAM, v. in the township of W. Springfield, Hampden co. Mass., near the entrance of Westfield river into the Connec ticut, 2 m. SW. from Springfield ; from W. C. 366 m. AGAWAM, the name of Westfield river towards its mouth. AIKEN'S GROVE, Ogle co. II., 5m. SE. from Oregan city, on the road from Dixon- ville to Princeton. AKRON, v. Portage co. Ohio, 16 m. SW. from Ravenna, on the Ohio canal. It is a flourishing village and a place of considerable trade. ALABAMA, L Monroe co. Alabama, on Alabama river, 10 m. below Fort Jackson. ALABAMA, r. in the state of Alabama, is formed by the union of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, and flowing SSW. unites with the Tombigbee to form Mobile river, 45 m. from the head of Mobile Bay. From its mouth to the mouth of the Cahawba, 210 m., it has 4 or 5 feet water ; and from the mouth of the Cahawba to the forks of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, 3 feet in the shallowest places. It is navigable for sloops to Fort Claiborne. ALABAMA, ts. Genesee co. N. Y., 13 m. NW. from Batavia. Pop. 1,798. ALABAMA SETTLEMENT, in theNE. part of Union co. Illinois. ALABASTER, or Eleuthera, one of the Bahama islands, on the great Bahama bank. The climate is healthy. It produces pine apples for exportation. There is a small fort and garrison on the island. Long. 76 22' to 76 56' W. Lat. 24 40' to 26 30' N. ALACHUA, co. E. Florida, bounded N. by Columbia co. E. by St. John's, S. by Hillsborough, and W. by the gulf of Mexico and Madison co; chief town, Newmansville. Pop. 2,282. ALACHUA SAVANNAH, in E. Florida, ALA ALB 173 75 m. W. from St. Augustine, 50 m. in cir cumference, without a tree or bush, but is encircled with hills, covered with forests and orange groves, on a very rich soil. The ancient Alachua Indian town stood on the borders of this savannah ; but the Indians removed to Cuscowilla, two miles distant, on account of the unhealthiness of the for mer site. ALACRANES, a long range of hidden rocks, shoals, and banks, on the S. side of the gulf of Mexico, opposite the coast of Yucatan, E. from Stone Bank, and W. from Cape St. Antonio. N. lat. 23, between 89 and 91 W. long'. Navigators .pass round them, though there are some good channels and soundings. ALAMUCHE, v. Warren co. N. J., 17 m. NE. from Belvidere, 65 m. from Trenton, and 228 from W. C. ; it is a small village containing about 20 dwellings. AJLAQUA, t. and cap. "Walton co. West Florida, 161 m. W. from Tallahassee, and 1,011 from W. C. ALBA, v. Bradford co. Pa. ALBANY, r. North America, which falls into James' bay, long. 84 30' W. lat. 51 30' N. ; runs NE. through a chain of small lakes, from the S. end of Winnipeg lake. The British fort is on the river, in lat. 53 10' N. ALBANY, ts. Oxford co. Maine, 18 m. NW. from Paris. Pop. 691. ALBANY, t. Orleans co. Vt., 40 m. NNE. from Montpelier. Pop. 920. ALBANY, co. N. Y. on Hudson r., bounded N. by Schenectady and Saratoga, E. by the Hudson, S. by Green and W. by Schoharie ; the city of Albany is the capital. Pop. in 1830, 53,560, in 1835, 59,762, and in 1840, 68,593. ALBANY AND ITS ENVIRONS. (a) United States arsenal. (b) Aqueduct. (c) Fort's Ferry. (d) Vischer's Ferry. (e) Deep Cut. ALBANY, city, Albany co., the capital of New York, and the second town in popula tion, wealth and commerce in the state, stands on the W. bank of the Hudson, 150 m. N. of New York, 165 W. of Boston, 230 S. of Montreal, and 376 from W. C., N. lat. 42 39'. E. long. 3 17' from W.C. It is neatly and in some parts handsomely built. It con tains 12 public buildings. The capitol, built upon the upper portion of the city, has an elevated position. It is 115 feet in length, and 90 in breadth. The academy, directly north of it, is a spacious and showy building. The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank and the Albany Bank, at the bottom of State street, are of white marble. The Museum is a handsome building in S6uth Market 'street. State street, in its whole length, is remarkably wide, and shows to great advantage. The number of churches is about 20, divided among the different prevailing denominations. Some of them are very handsome, and others are spacious. Canal wharf and quay are of great length, and exhibit a striking show of business and bustle. Few cities present a more beautiful prospect than Albany, when seen from the public square, or the summit of the capitol. The city slopes from the public square to the river, like the sides of an amphitheatre. Two or three of iis noble mansions embowerejd in trees, give it the appearance of having forests in its limits. Sloops and steamboats arrive here from New York in great numbers, and there is seldom a day in which three or four passages do not offer, in steamboats departing to and from New York. Its canal communications with lake Champlain, the northern lakes, and the 174 ALL ALF Ohio valley, give it unrivalled advantages of this sort. More stages daily arrive and de part from this city than any other of the size in the Union, being more than 100 daily. Its literary, humane, and religious institu tions are of a very respectable class, and it Issues 6 or 7 periodical publications. Its population in 1820 was 12,630; in 1830, 24,216 ; in 1840, 33,721. There are in the city extensive manufactories of wool, cotton, and oil cloth, besides one of the most exten sive cap manufactories in the U. S. employ ing from 6 to 700 hands. Albany is noted for its excellent ale, which finds a market in almost every city in the U. S., of which there are many large breweries. The Mohawk and Hudson railroad, 16 m. long, connects Albany and Schenectady. ALBEMARLE, co. central part of Va. ; bounded N. by Orange co. E. by Louisa and Fluvanna cos. SE. by James r. SW. by Am- herst co. and W. by Augusta and Rocking- ham cos. Chief town, Charlottesville. Pop. 22,924, slaves, 11,809. ALBEMARLE-SOUND, inlet of the sea, on E. coast of N. C. It extends into the country 60 m. and is from 4 to 15 wide. It receives the waters of the Roanoke and the Chowan. Lat. 35 52' N. ALBERTSON'S, v. Duplin co. N. C. ALBION, t. and cap. of Edwards co. Illi nois, 40 m. SW.from Vincennes. It stands on the dividing ridge between the Great and Little Wabash rivers, 12m. from the former and 6 from the latter, in a dry and healthy situation, while it is well supplied with springs of water. Distance from W. C. 733m. ALBION, v. and cap. of Orleans co. N. Y., on the Erie canal, 305 m. W. from Alba ny by canal, and 35 m. from Rochester. It is a place of considerable business, and a flourishing village, containing a court-house, jail, bank, and several houses of public, wor ship. ALBION, ts. Oswego co. N. Y., 150 m. N. of W. from Albany. Pop. 1,503. ALBION, v. E. part of Iowa co. Wiscon sin, on the E. branch of Peekatonokee river. ALBURGH, ts. Grand Isle co. Vt., on N. end of the 'island of North Hero, in lake Champlain ; 40 m. N. from Burlington, from W. C. 555 m. It is a port of entry. Pop. 1,344. ALDEN, ts. Erie co. N. Y., 22 m. E. of Buffalo. Pop. 1,984. ALDIE, v. Loudon co. Va. ; from W. C. 35m. ALEXANDER, v. Alexander ts. Genesee co. N. Y., on the Tonawanta cr., about 8 m. SW. from Batavia. ALEXANDER, ts. Washington co. Me., 30 m. N. from Machias. Pop. 324. . ALEXANDER, ts. Genesee co. N. Y., 6 m. S. from Batavia. Pop. 2,242. ALEXANDER, co. Illinois, at. the angle between Mississippi and Ohio rivers. Chief town, Unity. Pop. in 1830, 1,390; in 1840, 3,313. ALEXANDERS, v. York district, S. C., from W. C. 441 m. ALEXANDERSVILLE, v. Miami ts. Montgomery co. Ohio, on Miami r., 7 m. be low Dayton. ALEXANDRIA, ts. in the N. part of Jefferson eo. N. Y. Pop. 3,475. ALEXANDRIA, v. Smith co. Tenn., 86 m. NE. from ISiashville. ALEXANDRIA, v. Buckskin ts. Ross co. Ohio. ALEXANDRIA, v. Ticonderoga ts. Es sex co. N. Y., at 'the upper falls, near Lake George. ALEXANDRIA, ts. Grafton co. N. H., 13 m. SSE. from Plymouth. Pop. 1,284. ALEXANDRIA, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. r on the Delaware; 15 m. SE. from Easton, 11 m. W. of Flemington, 35 N. from Tren ton, 189 from W. C. It contains from 15 to 20 dwellings, a Presbyterian and an Episco pal church. ALEXANDRIA, v. Huntingdon co. Pa., 8 m. from Huntingdon, 192 m. WNW. from Philadelphia, from W. C. 162 m. It is on the Penn. canal, and a place of some trade, ALEXANDRIA, t. and cap. in the parish of Rapide, Louisiana, on Red River, 120 m. from its mouth, 70 from Natchitoches, and about 100 from Natchez, St. Francisville, and Point Coupee; about 180 m. in a direct line, and 344 by water, WNW. from New- Orleans, from W. C. 1,246 m. Lat. 31 15' N. It is situated in a fertile valley, at the point of intersection of all the great roads of the western district of Louisiana. It is settled almost wholly by Americans, and is a place of increasing importance. Pop. about 1,500. ALEXANDRIA, co. District of Colum bia. Pop. in 1820, 9,703, in 1830, 9,608, and in 1840, 9,967 ; chief town, Alexandria. ALEXANDRIA, city, and port of entry, in the District of Columbia, on the W. bank of the Potomac, 6 m. S. of Washington. The public buildings are a court-house, and 6 churches, viz. 2 for Presbyterians, 2 for Episcopalians, 1 for Quakers, and 1 for Ro man Catholics. It has a commodious harbor, sufficiently deep for the largest ships. The streets are regular and the squares rectan gular. The progress of this neat and ancient town has been for a long time almost station ary. Pop. in 1820, 8$216; in 1830, 8,221 ; in 1840, 8,459. ALEXANDRIA, ts. Washington co. Me., 30 m. N. of Machias. Pop. 513. ALEXANDRIA, v. Campbell co. Ky. ALEXANDRIA, t. Scioto co. Ohio, on the Ohio river, at the mouth of the Scioto, which separates it from Portsmouth, 45 mv S. from Chillicothe. ALEXANDRIANA,t. Mecklenburgh co. N. C., 157 m. SW. from Raleigh. ALFORD, ts. Berkshire cofMass., 15 m. SSW. from Lennox,* 125 W. from Boston. Pop. 418. ALFORDSVILLE, v. Robeson co. N. C. ; from W. C. 387 m. ALL ALF 175 ALFORDSTOWN, t. and cap. Moore co. N. C., about 30 m. WNW. from Fayette- ville. ALFRED, t. Prescott co. U. C., on Otta wa river. ALFRED, ts. Alleghany co. N. Y., 10 m. SE. from Angelica. Pop. 1,630. ALFRED, ts. York co. Maine; 24 m. N. from York, 88 N. by E. from Boston, 86 from Augusta, and 513 from W. C. It contains a court-house, a jail, and a Congregational meeting-house. The courts of the county are held alternately here and at York. There is in the township a village of Shak ers. Pop. 1,408. ALLAN'S CREEK, r. N. Y., which runs into the Genesee, in Caledonia. Length 40 m. ALLEGAN, co. Mich., bounded N. by Ottawa and Kent, E. by Barry, and S. by Kalamazoo and Van Buren, and W. by Michigan lake. Chief town, Allegan. Pop. 1,783. ALLEGE ANT, co. SW. part of N. Y. ; bounded N. by Genesee and Ontario cos. E. by Steuben co. S. by Pennsylvania, and W. by Cataraugus co. Pop. 40,975. Chjeftown, Angelica. ALLEGHANY, co. W. part of Pa., bound ed N. by Butler co. E. by Westmoreland co. S. and SW. by Washington co. and NW. by Beaver co. Pop. in 1820, 34,921 ; in 1830, 40,506 ; andin 1840, 81,235. Chief town, Pittsbursf. ALLEGHANY, co. Md., the NW. end of the state, on Potomac river. Chief town, Cumberland. Pop. in 1830, 10,602, and in 1840, 15,690. ALLEGHANY, mountains, U. S., com mence in the N. part of Georgia, and running NE. nearly parallel with the coast of the At lantic ocean, at the distance of 250 miles, pass through N. Carolina, Virginia, Mary land, Pennsylvania, to New York. They di vide the waters which flow into the Atlantic from those which flow into the Mississippi. ALLEGHANY, r. rises in Pennsylvania, and runs first NW. into New York, and then by a bend to the SW. again enters Pennsylvania, and at Pittsburg unites with the Monongahela to form the Ohio. It is a steady stream, and navigable for keel-boats of 10 tons to Hamilton, 260 m. above Pittsburg. ALLEGHANY, boro. in Alleghany co.Pa. on the point formed by the Ohio and Alle ghany rivers, opposite Pittsburg, from which it is separated by the latter river, and con nected by a covered bridge, 1,122 feet in length, and 38 broad, and cost $95,249. This borough was incorporated in 1828, and is rapidly increasing in population. The "Western Theological Seminary," estab lished by the Presbyterians, is located here, on an insulated knoll, about 100 feet above the level of the river ; the main building four, and the wings three stories high, and com mands a splendid view of the Ohio, Allegha ny and Monongahela rivers, and the sur rounding country. Pop. in 1830, 2,801, in 1840, 10,089. ALLEGHANY, co. Va., bounded NE. by Bath, SE. by Bottetourt, SW. by Monroe, and NW. by Greenbrier. Most of it is a high mountain valley, drained by the head waters of James river. C hief town, Coving- ton. Population in 1830,2,816, andin 1840, 2,749. ALLEMANCE, v. Guilford co. N. C., 77 m. NW. from Raleigh. ALLEMAND, r. which falls into the Mis sissippi, from the SE., 43 m. S. from Natchez. ALLEN, co. Indiana ; bounded N. by De Calb and Noble, E.^by the state of Ohio, S. by Adams and Wells, and W. by Huntingdon and Whitley. Fort Wayne is the capital. Watered chiefly by the Maumee r. and its head branches the St. Joseph's and St. Ma ry's rivers, and in the W. part by Little river and its branches, emptying into the Wabash. Pop. 5,942. ALLEN, ts. Alleghany co. N. Y., 6 m. N. from Angelica. Pop. in 1835, 1,089, in 1840, 867. ALLEN, v. in the above town. ALLENSVILLE, v. N. part of Switzer land co. Ind., 12. m. N. by W. from Vevay. ALLEN'S PRAIRIE, and settlement in Green co. Illiuois,12 m. NE. from Carrollton. ALLEN'S FERRY, v. Harrison co. In diana. ALLEN'S FRESH, v. Charles co. Md., 43 m. S. from Washington, on Wicomico river. ALLEN, co. Kentucky ; having Ten. S. Warren SW. NW. and N. and Barren E. Its form is elliptical, extending over about 500 set. ms. Chief town, Scottsville. Pop. in 1830, 6,486, and in 1840, 7,329. ALLEN, co. Ohio, having Mercer and Vanvert W. Putnam N. Hardin E. and Lo gan and Shelby S. It extends about 23 m. from N. to S. with a width of 22 m. from E. to W. area 500 sq. ms. Pop. in 1830, 578, and in 1840, 9,079. Chief town, Lima. ALLENSTOWN, ts. Merrimack co. N. H., 10 m. SE. from Concord, and 25 NW. from Exeter. Pop. 455. ALLENSTOWN,, v. Mercer co. N. J., 11 m. E. from Trenton,* 8 m. from Bordentown, 18 from Freehold, contains about 100 houses. It is a compact, pleasant village. ALLENTOWN, t. and cap. Lehigh co. Pa., on Lehigh river, 52 m. NNW. from Phi ladelphia, 18 m. SW. from Easton, and 6 m. from Bethlehem. It is beautifully situated on an elevation in the midst of a well cultivated pleasant country. It contains, besides the county buildings, a bank, 2 printing offices, and a number of merchant mills. The prin cipal staple, flour. Distance from W. C. 178 ms. Pop. 2,000. ALLENTOWN, v. Montgomery co. (N. C.) S. W. from Raleigh. ALLISONVILLE, v. Marion co. Ind., 11 m. N. by E. from Indianapolis. ALLISON'S PRAIRIE, NE. part of Law- rence co. II., 5 m. NE. of Lawrenceville. ALLOWAY, v. Lyons ts. Wayne co. N. Y., on the Canandaigua outlet. ALLOWAYSTOWN, v. Salem co. N. J., 176 ALL AMH 7 m. E. from Salem, 71 S. from Trenton, and 177 m. from W. C. It contains from 80 to 100 dwellings, 2 large saw mills, a grist mill, and 2 houses of public worship. It is a place of considerable business. ALLOW AY, r. Salem co. N. J., runs into the Delaware. ALL-SAINTS, islands, near Guadaloupe, in the West Indies. ALLUVIAL- WAY, or Ridge Road, ridge, lying along the S. shore of Lake Ontario, at the distance of from 6 to 10 m. Its general width is from 4 to 8 rods, and it is raised in the middle with a handsome crowning arch, from 6 to 10 feet. A road is opened upon it from Lewiston to Genesee river, a distance of 87 miles. It is a grand work of nature, and esteemed a great curiosity. ALMOND, ts. Allegheny co. N. Y. Pop ulation, 1,434, ALMOND, v. in the above town, 16 m, N. of E. from Angelica. ALNA, ts, Lincoln co. Maine ; 10 m. N. of Wiscasset, 190 m. from Boston. Pop, 990. ALQUINA, v. E. part of Fayette co. Ind. ALSTEAD, ts. Cheshire co. N. H. ; 8 m. NE. from Walpole, 14 m. N. from Keene, 82 m. WNW. from Portsmouth, 460 m. from Washington. It is a valuable agricultural town, and contains a paper-mill, an oil-mill, and 3 houses of public worship, 2 for Coi.- gregationalists, and one for Baptists. Pop ulation, 1,454. ALSTON, t. N. C., on Little river, not far from the sea ; 20 m. W. from Brunswick, Lon. 78 35' W. Lat. 33 54' N. ALTAMAHA, navigable river, Georgia, formed by the junction of the Oakmulgee and Oconee. After the junction, the Alta- maha becomes a large river, flowing with a gentle current through forests and plains upwards of 100 miles, and runs into St. Simon's sound by several mouths, 60 m. SW. from Savannah. Its length to its source is about 500 m. ALTAMAHA, t. Georgia, at the union of the Oconee and Oakmulgee. Lon. 83 W. Lat. 33 54' N. ALTON, ts. Belknap co. N. H. ; S. from lake Winnipiseogee ; 33 m. NW. from Ports mouth. Pop. 2,002. ALTON, t. Madison co. Illinois, on the Mississippi, 3 miles above the mouth of the Missouri. It is regularly laid out, and con tains many fine buildings, is a flourishing place, pleasantly situated, and has a brisk trade down the Mississippi. Pop. 2,340. ALUM CREEK, r. Ohio. It is the west erly branch of the Big Walnut, which, after a course of about 35 miles, it joins in SE. part of Franklin co. AMAPALLA, t. Mexico, in Nicaragua, on a point of land running into the Pacific, 12 m. from San Miguel. AMAPALLA, large gulf on the W. coast of America, between Guatimala and Nicara gua ; nearly 60 m. in length, and from 9 to 30 m. in breadth; also called the Gulf of Fonseca. 100 m. NW. from Leon. Lon. 88 56' W. Lat. 13 30' N. AMANDA, v. Fairfield co. 0., 9 m. W. from Lancaster. AMBER, v. Onondaga co. N. Y. ; 5 m. from Otis, 393 m. from Washinston. AMBLERVILLE, v. in New Berlin ts. Chenntago co. N. Y. AMBOY, or Perth dmboy, city, and s-p. Middlesex co. N. J., at the head of Raritan bay, on a point of land formed by the union of the river Raritan with Arthur Kull Sound ; 35 m. SW. from New York, 74 m. NE. from Philadelphia, 210 m. from Washington. Lat. 40 30'. It has one of the best harbors on the continent. AMBO'Y SOUTH, v. Middlesex co . N. j., at the mouth of Raritan river, opposite Perth Amboy, 15 miles below New Brunswick, and 35 NE. from Trenton. Here the Cam- den and Amboy rail road terminates, from which passengers and goods are taken by steamboats to New York. It contains from 20 to 30 dwellings, and an extensive manu factory of stone ware. AMBOY, ts. Oswego co. N. Y., 22 m. SE. from Pufaski. AMELIA, co. Va. in the SE. part of the state. Pop. in 1830, 11,031, and in 1840, 10,320. The C. H. is 47 m. from Rich mond, and 169 from Washington. AMELIA, isl. in the Atlantic, on the coast of E. Florida, 7 leagues N. from St. Augus tine, at the mouth of St. Mary's river. Lat. 30 28' N. It is 13 m. long and 2 broad. Chief town, Fernandina. AMELIASBURG, t. Prince Edwards co. Upper Canada, on the bay of Quinti, SW. from Kingston. AMENIA UNION, v. Amenia ts. Dutch- ess co. N. Y., 4 m. W. from Sharon, Conn. AMENIAVILLE, v. Amenia ts. Dutchess co., 25 m. NE. from Poughkeepsie. AMERICA, ts. Dutchess co. New York . Pop. 2,179. AMERICA, t. Alexander co. .Illinois, on the Ohio r. 7 m. from its junction with the Mississippi. AMERICUS, v. Tippecanoe co. Ind., on the Wabash, 10 m. above La Fayette. AMERICUS, t. and cap. of Sumter co. Ga. It contains a court-house and jail, and several fine buildings. AMES, v. Athens co. Ohio, 12 m. NE. from Athens. AMESBURY, ts. in Essex co.Mass., about 4 m. from Newburyport, and 50 m. NE. from Boston. It is a flourishing place, being sit uated on a navigable river. Pop. 2,471. AMHERST, ts. Hampshire co.Mass., 8m. NE. from Northampton, 85 W. from Boston. In 1821, a college was established here. It is now in a flourishing condition ; it has 7 professors, 3 tutors, and 200 students. The annual expenses of a student are from 90 to 118 dollars, including college bills and board. Pop. 2,550. AMHERST ISLAND, small island in E. end of lake Ontario. AMH- AMHERST, ts. Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 30 m. S. from Concord, 48 m. NW. from Bos ton ; 60 m. W. from Portsmouth, and 484 m. from Washington. Lat. 42 54' N. Pop. 1,565. In the central part of Amherst there is a pleasant plain on which a handsome vil lage is built, containing a court-house, a jail, a Congregational meeting-house, a printing- office, cotton and woollen manufactories, valuable mills, &c. The Souhegan flows through the southern part of the town. The courts for the county are held alternately here and at Hopkinton. AMHERST, co. of Va., having the Blue Ridge, or Rockbridge, NW., Nelson NE., James river, or Buckingham and Campbell, SE., James river, or Bedford, SW. Pop. 12,576. The C. H. is 136 m. from Rich mond, and 180 from Washington. AMHERST SPRINGS, v. Amherst co. Va., 124 m. W. from Richmond. AMHERSTBURG, or Maiden, t. and cap. Essex co. Upper Canada, on Detroit r. 3 m. above its entrance into lake Erie, and 14 be low Detroit. It has about 150 houses, and a good harbor, with anchorage in 3* fathoms. AMHERST, t. Cumberland co. Nova Scotia, on Chignecto bay, at the entrance of the rivers La Planch, Napan, and Macon. AMHERST, ts. Erie co. N. Y., centrally 10 m. NE. from Buffalo. Pop. 2,451. AMHERST, C. H. v. cap. of Amherst co. Va., 136 m. W. from Richmond. AMIESBURG, v. Parke co. Indiana, on Rackoon cr. AMISSVILLE, v. Culpeper co. Va., 86 m. W. from Washington. AMITE, co. Mississippi, on Amite r. bounded N. by Franklin, E. by Wilkinson, S. by Louisiana, and W. by Pike co. Chief town, Liberty. Population, 9,511. AMITE, r. Mississippi, runs into the Iber- ville 40 m. above its entrance into lake Mau- repas. It is navigable for boats nearly to its source. AMITY, v. Orange co. N. Y. AMITY, v. Washington co. Pa. AMITY, v. Pike ts. Knox co. O., 8 m. NW. from Mt. Vernon. AMITY, ts. Alleghany co. N. Y., 6 m. S. from Angelica. Pop. 1,354. AMMONOOSUC, (Lower,) r. N.H., which rises in the White Mountains, and runs into the Connecticut, in Bath. Length about 50 miles. AMMONOOSUC, (Upper,) r. N.H., which runs into the Connecticut, in Northumber land. Length 50 miles. AMOSKEAG FALLS, on the Merrimack, in N. H. ; 7 miles below Hookset Falls and 15 below Concord, between Goflstown and Manchester. The water falls 48 feet in the course of half a mile. These falls are shun ned by a canal. AMOSKEAG, v. Hillsborough co. N. H., 16 m. from Concord. AMSTERDAM, v. Bottetourt co. Va., 5 in. SW. from Fincastle. AND 177 AMSTERDAM, ts.Montgomeryco.N.Y., on N. side of the Mohawk ; 30 m. NW. from Albany, and 392 m. from Washington. Pop. 5,333. This town contains valuable mills and manufactures of iron. ANASTASIA, isl. off the E. coast of Florida, opposite the city of St. Augustine. It is about 25 miles long, and is separated from the main land by an arm of the sea called Matanzas river. It contains quarries of freestone. Lon. 81 36' W. Lat. 29 49' N. ANCASTER, t. Lincoln co. Upper Cana da, SW. York. ANCHOR POINT, NW. coast of Ameri ca, on the E. side of Cooke's Inlet. Lon. 208 48' E. Lat. 59 39' N. ANCRAM, ts. Columbia co. N. Y., on An- cram creek, about 20 m. SE. from Hudson. Here are extensive iron works, at which are made large quantities of excellent iron. The ore is principally obtained from Salisbury in Connecticut. A lead mine is also found here. Pop. 1,770. ANCRAM CREEK, r. Columbia co. N.Y., which runs into the Hudson, opposite Catts- kill. ANCOCUS CREEK, N. J., falls into the Delaware, 6 m. SW. Burlington. It is navi gable 16 miles. ANDERSON, v. Warren co.N. J., 11 m. E. of Belvidere, 16 m. from Easton, 49 from Trenton, and 25 from Morristown. Con tains about 20 dwellings, situated in a fine limestone valley. ANDERSON, co. East Tennessee, oa Clinch r. NW. Knoxville ; bounded N. by Campbell, E. by Granger, S. by Knox, and W. by Morgan. Chief town, Clinton. Pop ulation, 5,452. ANDERSON'S ISLAND, on the NW. coast of America. Lon. 167 40' W. Lat. 63 10' N. ANDERSON'S-STORE, v. Caswell co. N. C., 56 m. NW. Raleigh. ANDERSON'S, r/ Indiana, runs into the Ohio below Troy. ANDERSONVILLE, v. Edgefield district, S C ANDERSONVILLE, v. Hancock co. Mis sissippi. ANDERSON, co. Ky., on the Kentucky river; bounded N. by Shelby co. E. by Kentucky river, S. by Mercer, and W. by Spencer co. Population in 1830, 4,520; and in 1840, 5,452. Chief town, Lawrence- burg. ANDERSON, a district in the NW. part of South Carolina. Pop. in 1830, 17,170; and in 1840, 18,493. ANDERSON, C. H. Anderson district, S. C., 129 m. NW. of Columbia. ANDERSONTOWN, t. and cap. of Mad- ison co. Indiana, on the West fork of White river. It contains a court-house, jail, and several houses of public worship, and is a flourishing place. ANDERSONVILLE, v. Franklin co. Ind., 50 m. SE. of Indianapolis. 178 AND- ANDOVER, v. Verona ts. Oneida co. N. Y., 14 m. W. from Utica. ANDOVER, Is. Oxford co. Maine. Pop. 551. ANDOVER, ts. Merrimack co. N. H., on the Merrimack, 18 m. NW. from Concord. It contains a printing-press, several mills and manufactories. In 1818, a legacy of $10,000 was bequeathed by Mr. Joseph Noyes for the establishment of an academy in this town. Pop. 1,168. ANDOVER, t. Windsor co. Vt., 20 m. SW. from Windsor. Pop. 877. ANDOVER, v. Sussex co. N. Jersey, 60 m. N. from Trenton, 40 m. WNW. from N. York, and 5 m. from Newton, 228 from W.C. ANDOVER, ts. Essex co. Mass., 20 m. N. from Boston; 16 WNW. from Salem; and 20 W. from Newburyport. It is an opulent agricultural town, and contains two large parishes. The south parish has a number of manufacturing establishments. The theo logical seminary in this place is richly en dowed. Its buildings comprise four dwelling houses for the officers, and three spacious public edifices. The library contains over 6,000 volumes, and there are four theological professors. The number of students ranges from 120 to 150. Phillips' Academy in this town is the most flourishing academy in the state. It was founded in 1778, by the Hon. Samuel Phil lips, Esq., of Andover, and his brother, the Hon. John Phillips, LL. D., of Exeter. Its officers are a principal, 3 assistants, a teacher of sacred music and a writing master. The number of students ranges from 120 to 150. The institution is accommodated with a large and commodious brick building 80 feet by 40, erected in 1818, on a range with the buildings of the theological seminary. The theological seminary was founded in 1808, and has been richly endowed, entirely by pri vate bounty. The whole amount of what has been contributed for permanent use in this seminary, including the permanent funds, library and public buildings, is more than three hundred and fifty thoumnd dollars, and this has been contributed almost entirely from six families. The buildings are on a lofty eminence, and command an extensive prospect. A majority of the students are supported in whole or in part by charity. The academy and the theological seminary are under the same board of trustees. Pop. 5,207. ANDOVER, parish, Tolland co. Connecti cut, 15 m. E. from Hartford. ANDOVER, ts. Alleghany co. N. Y., 285 m. W. Albany. Pop. 848. ANDOVER, v. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 200 in. NE. of Columbus. ANDES, ts. Delaware co. N. Y., 15 m. SE. from Delhi. Pop. 2,176. ANDREWS, v. Williamsport ts. Richland co. O., 16 m. from Mansfield. ANDREWS, St ., a seaport town of New Brunswick, at the entrance of Passamaquod- dy river. -ANN ANDREWS-BRIDGE, v. Lancaster co. Pa., 38 m. SE. Harrisburg. ANDROSCOGGIN, r. which rises from Umbagog Lake, N. H. It has a course of about 40 m. in N. H. and after a course of about 100 m. in SW. part of Maine, flows into theKennebec, which it joins 18 rn. from the sea, at Merrymeeting Bay, 6 m. above Bath. ANDROSCOGGIN, Little, r. Maine, which flows into the Androscoggin N. of Poland. ANGELICA, t. and cap. Alleghany co. N. Y., E. of theGenesee; 40 AV. Bath, 285 W. Albany, 337 from W. C. Pop. 1,257. ANGLINGTON, v. Guinnet co. Geo., 98 m. NW. from Milledgeville. ANGOLA, v.Erie co. N. Y., 291 m.W. Albany. ANGUILLA, the most northerly of the English Leeward Islands in the West Indies, It is 30 m. long and 3 broad, winding some what in the manner of a snake, and is 60 m. NW. of St. Christopher. Long 62 35' W. Lat. 18 15' N. One of the Bahama Islands is also called Anguilla. ANN, St., a town of New Brunswick, situate on the river St. John nearly opposite to Fredericton, and 80 m. above the city of St. John. Also the name of a lake in Upper Canada, to the N. of lake Superior. ANNAPOLIS, city and port of entry, Anne Arundel co. Md., on the SW. side of the Severn, 2 m. from its mouth, 28 SSE. Baltimore, 40 ENE. from W. C. Long. 76 48' W. Lat. 39 0' N. It is the seat of the state government, is a pleasant and healthy town, Wl contains a spacious and elegant state-house, a market-house, a theatre, a bank, and two houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. The streets converge to the state-house and to the Episcopal church, as two centres. Two newspapers are published here. The flour ishing state of Baltimore has injured the trade of this city. Pop. in 1820,2,260; in 1830, 2,623; and in 1840, 2,792. ANNAPOLIS, a sea-port of Nova Scotia, on the E. side of the Bay of Fundy. It has one of the finest harbors in the world ; but the entrance is through a difficult strait, called the gut of Annapolis. The town stands on the S. side of the harbor, at the mouth of a river of its name, 86 m. W. by N. of Halifax. Lon. 64 55' W. Lat. 44 50' N. ANNAPOLIS, v. Salem township, JefTer- son co. Ohio, 135 m. NE. Columbus. ANNE ARUNDEL, a county of Mary land, on the western shore of Chesapeake Bay. Annapolis is the chief town. Pop. in 1830, 28,295; and in 1840, 29,532. ANN BOOR, v. Maury co. Tenn., 782 m. from W. C. ANN, Cape, a point of land which forms the N. side of Massachusetts Bay. Two lighthouses on an island at the extremity of this Cape are in N. Lat. 42 40' W. Long. 70 38'. ANN- ANN ARBOR, t. and cap. of Washtenaw co. Michigan, 42 m. from Detroit, on Huron river. It is a placa of great business, being conne2tel with Detroit by a railroad. Pop. about 1,500. ANNSBURG, ts. Washington co. Maine, 30 m. NVV. of Machias. ANNSVILLE, v. Li.iwUdie co. Va.,54m. S. of Richmond. ANNSVILLE, ts. NW. part of Oneida co. N. Y., 10m. NW. from Rome. Population, 1,765. ANNSVILLE, v. Courtland ts. Westches- ter co. N. Y. ANSON, a county of North Carolina, bor dering on South Carolina, and bounded on the NE. by the Yadkin river. Wadesbo- roueh is the chief town. Pop. in 1830, 14,081, and in 1840, 15,077. ANSON, ts. Somerset co. Me., on the Kennebeck river. Pep. 1,941. ANTHON Y'S, or Sr., Anthony's Nose, pro montory in New York, E. of the Hudson, 1,128 feet high ; 52 N. New York, 6 S. West Point. It is 877 feet above the river. ANTHONY, St., Falls of, on the Missis sippi river, in N. Lit. 45 W. Long. 93, be ing more than 2,000 m. above the entrance of the river into the Gulf of Mexico. There is a fort in the Iowa Territory, on the point of Ian 1 formed by the St. Peter's river, which river falls into the Mississippi just below the Falls of St. Anthony. ANTHONY'S KILL, r. N. Y., which rises in Ballston, and runs into the Hudson, 8 N. from Waterford. ANTHRACITE, v. Mauch Chunk ts. Northampton co. Pa. ANTIC OSTI, an island at the mouth of the river St. Lawrence, 90 m. long and 20 broad. It is fall of rocks, covered with wood, and has no harbor ; but excellent cod is founl on the shores. ANTIETAM, a small tributary of the Po tomac, running into it near Shepardstown. ANTIGUA, one of the English Leeward Islands, in the West Indies, about 20 m. in length and breadth, and 60 E. by S. of St. Christopher. It is destitute of water, and the inhabitants are obliged to save the rain water in cisterns. The chief produce is sugar, of which it annually produces about 10,000 hogsheads. It was taken by the French in 1782, but restored in 1783. The capital is St. John. ANTILLES, the name which the French give to the Caribbee or West India islands, which see. ANTONIO DE BEHAR, San, the capital of Texas, on the San Antonio river. It is a village composed of mud cabins covered with turf. ANTRIM, ts. Hillsborough co. N. H. ; 21 m. NW. Amherst, 30 WSW. Concord, 75 W. Portsmouth, 469 from W. C. Pop. 1,225. ANTRIM, v. Guernsey co. Ohio, 16 m. NE. from Cambridge. -AQU J79 ANTWERP, ts. Jefferson co. N. Y. ; 180 m. NW. Albany, 474 from W. C. Pop. 3,109. APALACHE BAY, in Florida, on the north part of the Gulf of Mexico. APALACHIAN MOUNTAINS, the name given to the immense chain extending along the whole Atlantic coast of the United States, from Alabama to Maine. In the south ern states they are 200 in. from the sea, but as they extend northward approach near the coast. They run generally in parallel ridges, and their various divisions go by different names. These are the Cumberland Moun tains of Tennessee, the Blue Mountains of Virginia, the Alleghany and Laurel Moun tains of Pennsylvania, the Catskill Moun tains of New York, the Green Mountains of Vermont, and the White Mountains of New Hampshire. They are sometimes broken into groups and isolated chains. Their highest summits are in New Hampshire ; and are between 6 and 7,000 ft. above the level of the sea. East of the Hudson they are granitic. In the W. and S. they consist of granite, gneiss, mica and clay slate, primitive lime-stone, &c. Their name in the language of the Indians signifies end less. APALACHICOLA, ariver of North Ame rica, formed by the junction of the Chata- hooche and Flint, at an old Indian fort of the same name, on the south confines of Geor gia, and thence flows between West and East Florida, into Apalache Bay, in the Gulf of Mexico, east of Cape Blaize. APOLLO, v. Armstrong co. Pa. APOQUINIMINK,r. Newcastle co. Dela ware, which runs E. into Delaware Bay, 3 m. below Reedy Island. APPANOOCE, v. Hancock co. II., on the Mississippi r., 18 m. NW. from Carthage. APPLE CREEK PRAIRIE, Greene co. II., N. of Apple creek. APPLEGATE'S CORNERS, v. Endfield ts. Tompkins co. N. Y. APPLE RIVER, Joe Davies's co. II., runs into the Mississippi. APPLETON, v. Bennington ts. Licking co. Ohio. APPLETON, ts. Waldo co. Me. Pop. 891. APPLING, a county of Georgia, in the SE. part of the state, upon the Altamaha. Population in 1830, 1,468, and in 1840, 2,052. APPLINGVILLE, the chief town of Co lumbia co. Geo., 93 m. from Milledgeville. APPOLLACAN CREEK, Susquehanna co. Pa. APPOMATOX, r. Virginia, which rises in Campbell co., and after an easterly course of about 120 m. unites with James river at City Point. It is navigable to Petersburg. APULIA, v. Onondaga co. N. Y., 129 ro. W. Albany. AQUASCO, v. Prince George's co. Md., 34 m. SE. from Washington. AQUIA, t. Stafford co. Va., on Aquia 180 AQU- creek, m. above its entrance into the Po tomac; 42 m. from W. C. At this place, and in the vicinity on Aquia creek, are found extensive quarries of freestone, of which the Capitol at Washington and the President's House was built. AQUIA CREEK, r. Stafford co. Virginia, which flows SE., and joins the Potomac, 14 m. NE. Fredericksburg, 54 below W. C. AQUIA RUN MILLS, v. Stafford co.Va., 48 m. from W. C. ARARAT, mt. Pa., in Luzerne and Wayne counties. It is 15 m. long. ARARAT, or Pilot Mountain, N. C., on N. side the Yadkin, and E. the river Ararat, 9 m. NW. Bethania. It is about a mile in height, and rises in the form of a pyramiJ, with an area of an acre at top, on which is a rock 300 feet high. From the summit of this rock there is an extensive, variegated, and delightful prospect. ARBELA, v. Lancaster co. Pa., 45 m. E. of Harrisburg. ARCADE, v. China ts. Genesee co. N. Y., 40 m. SW. from Batavia, at the confluence of Clear and Cataraugus creeks. ARCADIA, ts. in Wayne co. N. Y., 186 m. NW. from Albany. Pop. 4,980. ARCOLA, v. Lawrence co. Ind., 82 m. SW. from Indianapolis. ARCOLE, v. Madison ts. Geauga co. 0., 3 m. from lake Erie. ARENA, v. NE. part of Iowa co. Wiscon sin, on Wisconsin r. ARGYLE, ts. Penobscot co. Me., 89 m. NE. from Augusta, a flourishing agricultural town, producing the best of wheat. Pop. 527. ARGYLE, ts. Washington co. N. Y., on E side of the Hudson ; 45 m. N. Albany, 403 m. from W. C. There are 3 post villages in the township, Argyle, North Argyle, and South Argyle. Argyle v. is 8 m. SE. from Sandy Hill, N. Argyle is 5, and S. Argyle is 11. Pop. of the ts. 3,111. ARKANSAS, river, Louisiana, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, about N. Lat. 42 near the sources of the Del Norte, and unites with the Mississippi, Lat. 33 40' N. Its course is ESE. It is navigable 1,980 m. its whole length is 2,170 m. Its channel is broad, and its navigation safe, unobstructei by rocks, shoals or rapids. Silver is founc on the upper parts of this river, and much o; the land on its banks is of the first quality. ARKANSAS, co. Arkansas, bounded N by Monroe, E. by Phillips, S. by Chicot and W. by Jefferson, chief town, Arkansas It is watered by the Arkansas and White rivers. Pop. in 1830, 1,426, and in 1840, 1,346 ARKPORT, v. in Canistco ts. Steuber co. N. Y., on the Canisteo ; 25 m. SW Bath, 323 m. from W. C., and 240 from Albany. ARKWRIGHT, ts. NE. part of Chautau que co. N. Y., 16 m. NE. from Mayville, 31( from Albany. Pop. 1,418. ARLINGTON, ts. Bennington co .Vt., 40 m. from Troy, Saratoga Springs, Whitehal ASH nd Rutland, 15 m. N. from Bennington. J op. 1,038. It has quarries of marble and ime-stone, and a mineral spring. ARMAGH, v. Indiana co. Pa. ; in the \E. part of the co. on the turnpike road from larrisburg to Pittsburg, 140 rn. from the brmer, and 170 from W. C. ARMOND, St., a town of Lower Canada at the N. end of lake Champlain. ARMSTRONG, co. Pa., watered by the Alleghany ; bounded N. by Venango co. E. >y Jefferson and Indiana cos. SW. by West moreland co. and W. by Butler co. Pop. n 1830, 17,625, und in 1840, 28,365. Chief own, Kittanning. ARM of the GRAND PRAIRIE, Jeffer son co. IL, 8 m. NW. from Mt. Vernon ; the soil is good, and contains from 60 to 100 'amilies. ARNEYSTOWN, v. Burlington co. N. J. t 13 m. NE. of Mount Holly. ARNOLD'S MILLS, v. Tyrone ts. Wayne co. N. Y. ARNOLD'S OLD PLACE, v. Fauquie* co. Va., 56 rn. from W. C. ARNOLDSTON, v. Campbell co. Va. AROOSTOOK, r. which rises in Maine, runs ESE., and joins the St. John's on the western border of New Brunswick, in Lat. 42 5' N. It is navigable for boats 40 m. AROOSTOOK, cp. Me., bounded E. by New Brunswick, S. by Washington, and W. by Penobscot; chief town, Houlton. Pop. 1,597. ARROWSMITH'S SETTLEMENT, E. part of Mercer co. II. ARTHURSBURG, v. Dut chess co. N. Y., 77 m. SE. from Albany. ASBURY, v. Warren co. N. J., 34 m.NW. Trenton, llm. SE. of Belvidere; it contains 2 grist mills, an oil mill, woollen factory, a church and about 50 houses. ASCENSION, a parish in the eastern dis trict of Louisiana, upon the Mississippi. The soil is rich, and produces sugar and cot ton. Donaldsonville is the cap. Pop. in 1830, 5,426, and in 1840, 6,951. ASCUTNEY, mt. Vt., between Windsor and Weathersfield. The summit is 5 m. W. of the Connecticut, and 5 SW. Windsor vil lage. According to Capt. Partridge it is 2,903 feet above the river at Windsor bridge, and 3,320 above the sea. The summit is composed of granite, and the prospect from the top is very beautiful. ASHBOROUGH, t. and cap. Randolph co. N. C., on Deep river ; 42 m. E. Salisbury, 85 W. Raleigh ; 362 from W. C. ASHBURNHAM, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 29 m. N. Worcester, 55 NW. Boston ; 462 from W. C. There are 2 mountains in this township, Great and Little Wetatick. The former lies in NE. part of the town, the lat ter SW. of it. It has extensive manufac tories of cotton goods, boots, shoes, leather, chairs, fur, and palm leaf hats; annual value, $100,000. Pop. 1,652. ASHE, co. in the NW. part of N. C. Pop. in 1830, 6,991, and in 1840, 7,467; Jefferson- ton is the capital. ASH ASHBY, ts. Middlesex co. Mass. ; 31 m. N. Worcester, 42 NW. Boston ; 484 from W. C. ft has some manufactures of palm leaf hats, boots, shoes, chairs, curled hair, &c. Pop. 1,246. ASHFIELD, ts. Franklin co. Mass. ; 11 m. SW. Greenfield, 105 W. Boston, 410 from W. C. Pop. 1,610. ASH FORD, ts. Cataraugus co. N. Y., 10 m. N. from Elldcottville, 40 m. SE. of Buffalo. Pop. 1,469. ASHFORD, ts. Windham co. Ct. ; 15 m. N. Windham, 29 ENE. Hartford, 369 from W. C. Pop. 2,651. ASHLAND, v. Montgomery township, Richland co. Ohio, 90 m. from Columbus, 14 m. NE. from Mansfield ; it contains a large number of mechanics, 2 churches, 8 stores, about 100 houses, and 1,000 inhabitants. ASHLEY, r. S. C., which rises in N. part Charleston district, runs SSE. and unites with the Cooper, on S W. side of the city of Charles ton. ASHMORE'S SETTLEMENT, Coles co. II., 15 m. N. from Charleston ; timber and prairie good. ASHTON, v. Adams co. II., 9 m. S. from Quincy. ASHTABULA, a county at the NE. ex tremity of Ohio, bordering on lake Erie. It is 32 m. long from N. to S. and 25 broad from E. to W. ; the soil is of a good quality. Pop. in 1830, 14,584, and in 1840, 23,724. Jefferson is the county seat. ASHTABULA, borough, Ashtabula co. O., on both sides of Ashtabula river, about 2 m. from its mouth, incorporated in 1827 ; it contains about 12 stores, several taverns and churches, and other buildings in proportion, and is a flourishing place ; the harbor at the mouth of the river is excellent. Pop. about 1,200. ASHTABULA, a stream of Ohio, about 30 m. in length, running into lake Erie. ASHVILLE, t. and cap. St. Clair co. Ala., 129 NE. from Tuscaloosa. ASHVILLE, v. Harmony ts. Chautauque co. N. Y., near Chautauque lake. ASHUELOT, nit. N. H., in Winchester and Swansey. ASHUELOT, r. N. H., which runs SW. into the Connecticut, in Hinsdale. ASHVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Bun combe co. N. C. ; 520 m. from W. C. ASSAQUIN CREEK, r. Virginia, which runs into York river, between Hanover and New Kent counties. ASSINIBOINS, a river of North America, falling into the SW. end of lake Winnipeg ; the North-west Fur Trading Company have a house on the south bank of the river, about 15 m. above its entrance into the lake. ASSONET, v. Bristol co. in the township of Freetown, Mass., on E. side of Taunton river ; 8 m. S. Taunton, 30 S. Boston, 446 from W. C. ASSUMPTION, parish, La., bounded N. by Ascension, E. by the Mississippi, S. by tafourche and Terre Bonne, and W. by St. -ATH 181 Mary's. Pop. 7,141 ; chief town, Napoleon- ville. ASTORIA, settlement, on W. coast of N. America, on S. side of the Columbia, near its mouth. ASTOR, v. Wisconsin. See Navarino. ASTORIA, v. Slaughter co. Iowa. ASYLUM, t. Bradford co. Pa., on the Sus- quehannah ; 59 m. NW. Wilkesbarre, 284 from W. C. ATCHAFALAYA, an outlet of the Mis- sissippi, which it leaves 3 m. below the junction of the Red river ; and after a course of 193 m. it flows into a bay of the same name. Lon. 91 20' W. Lat. 29 20' N. ATHAPESCOW, a lake m the N. part of British America, discharging its waters into Slave Lake. It is 200 m. long. ATHENS, v. Sangemon co. II., 15 m. N. from Springfield. A flourishing village, con taining a steam mill for sawing and flouring, and about 100 houses, with a full propor tion of stores and churches. ATHENS, ts. Somerset co. Maine ; 20 m. NNE. Norridgewock, 114 NNE. from Portland, and 45 N. from Augusta. Pop- 1,427. ATHENS, ts. Windham co. Vt. ; 26 m. SSE. Windsor, 14 m. N. of Newfane, 98 S. from Montpelier, 10 W. from Bellows Falls. ATHENS, ts. Greene co. N. Y., on W. bank of the Hudson, opposite Hudson city ; 28 m. S. Albany, 335 from W. C. Pop. 2,387. It is a pleasant and flourishing town, and has some manufactures and considera ble trade. ATHENS, v. in the above ts. situated on the Hudson river, incorporated in 1805. It is seen to great advantage from the city of Hudson on the opposite side of the river. It contains several churches, 3 select schools, an extensive stone manufactory, distillery, tannery, and 160 houses. ATHENS, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Perry, E. by Washington, S. by Meigs, and W. by Hocking cos. Pop. in 1830, 9,763 ; in 1840, 19,109/ Seat of justice, Athens. ATHENS, t. and cap. Athens co. Ohio ; 41m. W. from Marietta, 52 m. E. from Chillicothe, and 347 m. from Washinston. Lon. 82 7' W. Lat. 39 23' N. It is situated on an elevated peninsula formed by a large bend of the Hockhocking, which meanders about the town. The situation is pleasant and healthy, and commands an ex tensive prospect. It contains a court-house, a jail, and about 150 houses, mostly of brick, large and commodious, and has valuable milis in its vicinity. An institution is estab lished here, styled the Ohio University, which is endowed with 46,000 acres of land, yielding about 5,000 dollars annually. A part of this is appropriated to the support of an academy, which is in a flourishing state. A college edifice of brick, large and elegant, was erected in 1817. The course of studies pursued here, is not inferior to any in the western states. Pop. 710. ATHENS, t. Limestone co. Alabama. It 182 ATH- is situated between Huntsville and the Mus cle Shoals, in a central part of the county, and is the present seat of justice. It con tains the usual county buildings, and 2 houses of public worship. ATHENS, t. Clarke co. Georgia ; 7 m. N. from Watkinsville, 95 m. WNW. from Au gusta, and 197 m. NW. from Savannah. Lat. 35 15' N. Pop. about 1,200. It has an elevated, pleasant and healthy situation. A weekly newspaper is published here. Franklin College, which, together with the incorporated academies of the state, is styled the University of Georgia, was incorporated and established at this place in 1784, but did not go into operation till 1803. The faculty consists of a president and six professors. The libraries contain over 5,000 vols. The students range from 90 to 150. ATHENS, v. Athens ts. Bradford co. Pa,, near the junction of the Susquehanna and Tioga rivers, 143 m, NW. from Harrisburg. ATHENS, v. Fayette co. Ky., 33 m. from Frankfort. ATHENS, t. and cap. M'Minn co. Tenn., 153 m. SE. from Nashville, and 573 from W. C. ATHERTON'S SETTLEMENT, Alex ander co. II., 2 m. E. from Unity. Con taining about 100 houses. ATHOL, t. Worcester co. Mass., on Mil ler's river ; 33 m. N W. from Worcester, 72 m. WNW. from Boston, and 429 m. from W. C. It is watered by Miller's river, and contains manufactories of cotton goods, boots, shoes, leather, paper, iron castings, machinery, straw bonnets, palm leaf hats, shoe pegs, &c. &c. The annual amount about $175,000. ATHOL, ts. Warren co. N. Y., on W. side of the Hudson, N.of Hadley, and 71 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 1,210. ATKINSON, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 20 m. WNW. from Newburyport, 29 SW. from Portsmouth, and 483 from W. C. Here is a respectable academy. It is a rich and well cultivated town, much of the land being of a superior quality. Pop. 557. ATKINS, v. Bucks co. Pa., 20 m. NE. from Philadelphia. ATKINSON, ts. in Piscatauquis co. Maine, 35 m. NNW. from Bangor, 132 NE. from Portland, and 79 NE. from Augusta. Pop. 704. ATKINSON, v. Jefferson co. Wisconsin. ATLANTIC, co. S. part of N. J., taken from Gloucester. Bounded on the NE. by Burlington, SE. by the Atlantic ocean, S. by Cape May co., SW. by Cumberland, and NW. by Gloucester. Watered by Great Egg Harbor and Little Egg Harbor rivers. Surface level and mostly sandy. Mays Land ing is the capital. ATLAS, v. Pike co. II., 148 rn. NW. from Vandalia. It is on a handsome tract of land. ATSION, in Burlington co. N. J., 30 m. E. by S. from Philadelphia, 12 m. from Medford, 17 from Mount Holly, and 57 from AUB Trenton. Pop. 700. It contains several iron works. ATTAKAPAS, t. Attakapas district, Louisiana ; 1,412 m. from W. C. ATTAKAPAS, district, Louisiana, on the Gulf of Mexico, W. of the Atchafalaya. ATTAL, co. Miss. ATTICA, ts. and v. Genesre co. N. Y. ; 20 m. S. from Batavia. and 368 m. from W. C. The village lies in the NW. angle of the ts. at the southern terminal ion of the Tonawanta rail-road, llm. S. of Batavia, and contains 2 churehes, 10 stores, grist, oil, carding and dressing mills ; and is a place of considerable business. Pop. of the ts. 3,500. ATTICA, v. Venice ts. Seneca co. Ohio, 77 m. N. from Columbus. ATTICA, v. Fountain co. Ind., on the Wabash. ATTLEBOROUGH, ts. Bristol co. Mass, j 15 m. WNW. from Taunton, 28 m. SW. from Boston, and 428 m from Washington.. Lon. 71 21' W. Lat. 42 N. Pop. 3,585. It contains several cotton and woollen fac tories. ATTLEBOROUGH, v. Bucks co. Pa. - Y 4m. NW. from Bristol, and 163 m. from W. C. ATTLEBURY, v. Dutchess co. N. Y., in the NE. part of the town of Stanford, 26 m. from Poughkeepsie, 74 m. from Albany, and 332 from W. C. ; contains some 10 or 12 houses. ATWATER'S FALLS, v. Norfolk ts. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., on Racket r. at the head of boat navigation, where the water falls 50 feet in one mile : 24 miles from the St. Lawrence r. Here is an extensive wa ter power, and is improved to a considerable extent ; the village contains 2 furnaces, 2 forges, satinet factory, 2 churches, and a academy ; besides about 50 dwellings. ATZTALAN, v. Jefferson co. Wiscon sin. AUBURN, t. and cap. of Cayuga co. N. Y. The compact part of the village lies on, the outlet of Owasco lake, 169 miles NW.. from Albany, and 7 from Weed sport on the Erie canal. It is one of the most thriving and beautiful villages of the state, and con tains many elegant buildings. Here is the Auburn state prison, inclosed by a wall 500- feet on each side. It is the seat of a theolo gical seminary, and contains several churches belonging to various denominations. It also contains 2 banks, 3 copper, tin and sheet iron factories, 2 looking glass factories, 3 morocco factories, 3 distilleries, 1 brewery, 3 furnaces, 1 cotton factory, 4 flouring mills, 1 steam engine factory, 4 or 5 printing offices, issuing weekly papers, besides a great vari ety of manufactures of less note. Pop. in 1835, 5,368, and in 1840, 5,626. AUBURN, v. Sangemon co. II., on Sugar creek, 10 miles S. from Springfield. Con tains from 15 to 20 houses. AUBURN, v. Oakland co. Mich., 30 m. NW. from Detroit, and about 2 m. W. of Milton. AUD AUDRAIN, co. Mo., N. of Callaway, Pop. 1,949, county seat not settled. AUGLAIZE, t. Allen co. Ohio, thinly populated, but settling rapidly. AUGLAIZE, r. a branch of the Maumee, Ohio. AUGUSTA, t. and cap. Kennebeck co. Maine, and the cap. of the state, on both sides of the Kennebeck ; 2 m. N. from Hal- lowell, 56 m. NNE. from Portland, 168 m. NE. from Boston, and 612 from W. C. It is a pleasant town, and contains a court house, a jail, a spacious state-house, the U. S. Arsenal buildings, state Insane Hospital, Augusta High School, 3 banks, several churches, and has considerable trade. Here is an elegant bridge across the Kennebeck, consisting of two arches, each 180 feet. The river is navigable to this place for ves sels of 100 tons. Pop. 5,314. AUGUSTA, v. Hancock co. II., 16 miles SW. from Carthage AUGUSTA, v. Pike co. II., on the Illinois r., 10 miles E. from Pittsfield. AUGUSTA, ts. Oneida co. N. Y.; 12 m. SW. from Utica, and 409 m. from Wash ington. Pop. 2,175. AUGUSTA, v. Sussex co. N. J. ; 224 m. from Washington C. 75 from Trenton, and 7 m. from Newton. It contains 10 or 12 dwellings and a Presbyterian church. AUGUSTA, t. and cap. Bracken co. Ken tucky, on the Ohio ; 22 m. below Maysville ; 60 m. NE. from Lexington, and 510 m. from Washington. It is a very pleasant town, and contains a court-house, a jail, an aca demy, and a meeting house. AUGUSTA, city and cap. Richmond co. Georgia, on the Savannah ; 73 m. SW. from Columbia, 87 m. ENE. from Milledgeville, 123 m. NNW. from Savannah, 138 m. WNW. from Charleston, and 589 m. from Washington. Lon. 80 46' W. Lat. 33 19' N. It contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, an academy, an insurance office, several banks, and four houses of public worship. It is regularly laid out and handsomely built, mostly of brick. Several of the public buildings, and many of the private houses, are spacious and elegant. It is a very flourishing commercial town, and probably has as much trade as any other place of its size in the United States. Im mense quantities of cotton, considerable tobacco, and some other kinds of produce are brought to Ausrusta from the back coun try, and conveyed in boats down the river to Savannah. South Carolina railroad connects this place with Charleston. Pop. in 1830, 4,000, in 1840, 6,403. AUGUSTA, a county of the W. District of Virginia, near the centre of the state, bounded N. by Rockin?ham, E. by the Blue Ridge, S. by Rockbri Ige, and W. by Pendle- ton and Bath cos. Pop. in 1830, 19,925, in 1840, 19,628. Staunton is the soat of just ice. AUGUSTA, v. Perry co. Mississippi ; 72 m. SE. from Monticello. AUS 183 AUGUSTA, v. Montgomery co. Alab., 67 m. E. from Cahawba. AUGUSTA, post ts. Carrol co. Ohio ; the road from New Philadelphia, via. Carrolton to New Lisbon, passes through this ts. Pop. about 1,500. AUGUSTA, v. Des Moines co. Iowa, o Skunk r., 5 m. from its mouth. AUGUSTINE, St., t. St. John's co. E. Florila, on the eastern coast. It was for merly the capital of the whole territory of Florida. The town stands in a prairie near the sea, with a good harbor, which however has a shallow ^entrance. It is regularly built of a stone formed by the concretion of sea-shells. One of the churches is an old edifice in the Gothic style. The situation of the town is low, but pleasant. In the neighbourhood are numerous groves of orange trees. Before it came into the possession of the United States, its population was about 5,000. Since this period the yellow fever has made its appearance, and the population has diminished. St. Augustine is 310 m. SSW. of Charleston, in Lat. 29 45' N. Lon. 81 40' W. AURELIUS, ts. Cayusa co. N. Y., 160 m. W. From Albany, on Owasco lake, soil clay loam. Pop. 2,645. AURELIUS, v. Aurelius ts. Cayuga co. N. Y., 4 m. W. of Auburn, has about 30 dwellings. AURIESVILLE, v. Monteomery co. N. C., 123 m. SW. from Raleigh. AURORA, ts. Erie co. N. Y., 275 m. W. from Albany. Pop. 2,909. AURORA; ts. and post office, Portage co. Ohio ; 140 m. NE. from Columbus, 28 m. from Warren, and 25 from Cleveland. AURORA, v. Dearborn co. In., 25 m. W. from Cincinnati. AURORA, v. Cayuga co. N. Y., on the E. side of Cayuga lake, 16 m.SW.from Au burn, and 378 from W. C. It is a pleasant and flourishing village, and has an aca demy. AURORA, v. Aurora ts. Erie co. N. Y., a place of considerable business, 16 m. SE. of Buffalo. AURORA, v. Racine co. Wisconsin, SSW. from Racine. AUSTERLITZ, ts. Columbia co. N. Y., 34 in. SE. from Albany. Pop. 2,091. AUSTIN'S CREEK, r. Geo., runs into the Savannah r., about 12 m. NW. from Savan nah. AUSTINBURG, ts. Ashtabula co. Ohio; 192 m. NE. from Columbus ; has a number of mills and woollen manufactories. Pop. about 1,000. AUSTINTOWN, ts. Trumbull co. Ohio, 160 m. NE. from Columbus, and 12 SE. of Warren, the county seat. Pop. about 1,000. AUSTINVILLE, v. Wythe co. Va., on the Kenhawa. AUSTINVILLE, t. Wythe co. Va., on the Kenhawa ; J6 m. N. from Greensville, and 360 from W. C. 184 AUT AUTAUGA, co. Al., bounded N. by Shel by, E. by Coosa, S. by the Alabama river, and W. by Perry cos. Pop. 14,342, chief town, Washington. AU-VASE, r. Illinois, which flows into the Mississippi, 55 in. above the Ohio. It is navigable for boats 60 m. through a fine prairie country. AVARYSVILLE, t. Columbia co. Geor gia, 609 m. from W. C. AVERILL, ts. Essex co. Vt., on the Canada line, 30 m. N. of Guildhall. Pop. 11. AVERY'S GORE, ts. Addison co. Vt., 43 m. SW. Montpelier. Pop. 78. AVERY'S GORE, ts. Franklin co. Vt,, 48 m. NW. Montpelier. Pop. 35. AVERYSBOROUGH, t. Cumberland co. N. C., on Cape Fear river ; 25 m. N. from Fayetteville, 35 S. from Raleigh, and 322 from W. C. Lon. 78 55' W. Lat.35 18' N. AVISTON, v. Clinton co. Illinois. AVOCA, v. Bath ts. Steuben co. N. Y., on the Conhocton r. 8 m. NW. from Bath. AVON, v. near SW. corner of Green co. Wisconsin, on the Peekatonokee river. AVON, t. Franklin co. Me. ; 35 m. NW. from Norrilgewock, and 210 NNE.. from Boston. Pop. 827. AVON, ts. and v. Livingston co. N. Y., on E. side of the Genesee; 21 m. W. from Canandaigua, and 366 from W. C. Pop. of the ts. 3,000. AVON, ts. and post office in the NW. corner of Lorain co. Ohio ; 146 m. NE. from Columbus, 8 m. from Black river vil lage, and 9 from Rockport. Pop. about 1,000. AVOYELLES, a parish in the western dictrict of Louisiana, between the Mississippi, Red and Atchafalaya rivers. It produces great quantities of cotton. Pop. in 1830, 3,488, in 1840, 6,616. Marksville is the chief town. AYLETTS, v. King William co. Va. ; 120 m. from W. C. AZALIA, v. Bartholomew co. Ind., on Driftwood fork, 11 m. S. by E. from Colum bus, the county seat. B. BAAL'S RIVER, in West Greenland, empties in Lon. 50 10' W. Lat. 64 30' N. BABYLON, v. Huntington ts. Suffolk co. N. Y., on Great South Bay, Long Island, and one of the pleasantest villages in it, 45 m. E. of N. Y. It is much resorted to in the summer season, for the amusement of hunt ing and fishing. BACALAL, lake, Mexico, in Yucatan, 36 m. SW. from Valladolii. BACANO BAY, on the S. coast of Cuba. Lon. 74 59' W. Lat. 20 6' N. BACHELDER'S GROVE, Cook co. II., 18 m. SW. from Chicago. BACHELDOR, ts. Oxford co. Me., 20 m. W. from Paris. Pop. 3. BACHELOR'S RETREAT, v. Pendle- ton co. S. C., 578 m. from W. C. -BAT BACHOUANON, river of U. Canada, falls into lake Superior about midway be tween the falls of St. Mary and Red river. BACK, short navigable river and inlet, Baltimore co. Md., which communicates with the Chesapeake, 4 m. N. of the Patapsco; 10 m. long. BACK CREEK, an arm of the Chesa peake bay, in Cecil co. Md. The west end of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal empties into Back Creek. BACK-CREEK VALLEY, v. Frederick co. Va. BACON CASTLE, v. Surry co. Va., 197 m. from W. C. BADGLEY'S SETTLEMENT, St. Clair co. IL, 5 m. NW. from Belleville, one of the oldest American settlements in the country. BAFFIN'S BAY, the most northern gulf or bay that has yet been discovered in North America. It extends beyond the 78th deg. of N. Lat. and communicates with the Atlan tic ocean through Davis's Straits. On the W. side of this bay, in Lat. 74, is Lancaster's Sound, through which Lieut. Parry, in the summers of 1519 and 1820, discovered a pas sage into the polar sea. He penetrated as far as the longitude of 113 47' W. from Greenwich, between the parallels of 74 and 75 N. lat. where his further progress was arrested by the ice. BAGADUCE POINT, cape in Penobscot bay, Me. BAGGS, v. M'Intosh co. Geo., 130 m. SE. from Milledgeville. BAHAMA CHANNEL, or Gulf of Flor ida, the narrow sea between the coast of America and the Bahama islands, 135 m. long and 46 broad. The currents here are most violent, and vessels are frequently wrecked in passing through this strait. BAHAMA BANK, Great, a sand-bank extending from near the island of Cuba, Lat. 22 20' to the Bahama islands Lat. 26 15' N. A smaller bank of this name lies N. of the island of Bahama. BAHAMA, or Lucayos Islands, in the At lantic ocean, opposite the coast of Florida, lying N. of Cuba and St. Domingo, between 21 and 28 N. Lat. and 71 and 81 W. Lon. They have been estimated at 500, but of these a great proportion are nothing more than cliffs and rocks. The principal are Bahama, - Eleuthera, Exuma, Providence, Guanahani, or St. Salvador, and Turk's isl and. The climate is in general salubrious. The number of slaves upon the whole isl ands, according to a return made to Parlia ment in 1823, was 10,108, and the white population probably amounts to about 4,000. BAHIA HONDA, port of the N. side of the island of Cuba. Lat. 20 58' N. ; 60 m. SW. by W. from Havanna. BAILEYSBURG, v. Surry co. Va., 70 m. SE. from Richmond. BAILY, v. Porter co. In., on Little Calu met r. BAILY'S POINT, settlement in La Salle co. II., 14 m. SW. from Ottawa. BAI BAL 185 BAINBRIDGE, ts. and v. Chenango co. N. Y., 20 m. S. from Norwich, 110 m. WSW. from Albany, and 329 from W. C. The village is on the Susquehannah river, and contains a select school for males and females, and several churches, and is a flourishing place. Population of the ts. 3,324. BAINBRIDGE, v. Ross co. Ohio, on Paint creek ; 18 in. WSW. from Chillicothe, 56 from Maysville, Ken., 63 from Columbus, and 420 from W. C. It contains two brick churches, an academy, 4 tan yards, and 20 mechanic shops. In the immediate vicinity are 2 forges, a rolling und slitting mill, nail factory, &c., &c. Pop. about 1,000. BAINBRIDGE, v. Franklin co. Alab., on the Tennessee, 5 m. above Florence. BAINBRIDGE, Port, inlet on the NW. coast of America. Lon. 212 9k' E. Lat. 59 55' N. BAINBRIDGE, t. Lancaster co. Pa., 18 m. S. of Harrisburg. BAINBRIDGE, t. and capital of Decatur co. Geo., 200 SW. Milledgeville, and 848 from W, C. BAIRD'S FORGE, v. Burke co. N. C. ; 507 m. from W. C. BAIRD'S TAVERN, v. Buckingham co. Va. ; 202 m. from W. C. BAIRDSTOWN, v. Deny ts. Westmore land co. Pa., on theS. side of Conemaughr. opposite Blairsville. BAIRDSTOWN, t. and cap. Nelson co. Kentucky, on Beech Fork river ; 40 m. SW. from Frankfort, 60 WSW. from Lexington, and 615 from W. C. Lon. 86 10' W. Lat. 37 49' N. It is a nourishing town, and con tains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, a church and a bank. BAKER, a county in the SW. part of Georgia, bounded N. by Lee, E. by Irwin, S. by Decatur, and W. by Early. Pop. in 1830, 1,253, and in 1840,4,226. BAKERSTOWN, v. AUeghany co. Pa., 13 aa. N. from Pittsburg. BAKER'S FALLS, on the Hudson, be tween Kingsbury and Moreau, 52 m. above Albany. The descent is 76 feet within 60 rods. BAKER'S ISLAND, small isL in the At lantic, near the coast of Maine. Lon. 70 47' W. Lat. 44 34' N. BAKER'S ISLAND, isl. Mass., off Salem harbor, opposite Manchester, three-eighths of a mile long; 5 m. ENE, from Salem. There is a light-house on the north end. BAKER'S RIVER, r. N. H., which runs SE. into the Merrimack, in Plymouth. BAKERSFIELD,ts. Franklin co. Vt.; 48 m. NNW. from Montpelier, and 526 from W. C. Pop. 1,258. It is watered by the branches of the Missisque r. BAKERSVILLE, t. Patrick co. V a ., 14 sn. from Henry C. H. and 321 from W. C. BAKER'S BRIDGE, v. Alfred ts. Alle- ghany co. NY., 13 m. E. of Angelica. BAKER'S GROVE, Ogle co, II., on Rock river. BAKERSTOWN, v. Burke co. N. C., 220 m. W. of Raleigh. BALDHILL, v. Cumberland co. Me., 39 m. from Augusta. BALLARDSVILLE, t. Oldham co. Ky., 31 m. NW. from Frankfort. BALLARDSVILLE, v. Logan co. Va., on Little Coal river, 349 m. W. from Rich mond. BALLVILLE, ts. S. part of Sandusky co. 0., lying on both sides of Sandusky river. BALLARD'S BRIDGE, t. Chowan co. N. C., by post-road 199 m. NE. from Raleigh. BALLARD'S CAPE, part of the island of Newfoundland. Lat. 46 35' N. Long, 24 34' E. from W. C. BALLSTON, t. and cap. Saratoga co. N. Y.,28m. N. from Albany, 390 m. from W, C. Pop. 2,044. In this township there is a court-house, a jail, an academy, and 6 houses for public worship. BALLSTON-SPA, v. and seat of justice, Saratoga co. N. Y., 26 m. N. from Albany, 15 from Schenectady, and 7 SW. from Saratoga Springs. It has a court-house, two printing- offices, a book-store, with which are con nected a circulating library and a reading- room; an academy, and 3 houses for public worship, one for Episcopalians, one for Bap tists, and one for Presbyterians. This place is famous for its mineral waters, which are much frequented by the gay and fashionable during the months of July and August. Hence, in addition to several inns, there are three large boarding-houses expressly de signed for the accommodation of strangers. The waters possess a stimulating and re freshing quality. Under the exhaustion of heat and fatigue, nothing can be more agree able and reviving to the system. As a pow erful remedy also in many diseases, they are well known and highly celebrated. Letters intended for persons residing at the springs, should be directed to Ballston-Spa, as there is another post-office in the town of Ballston, at some distance from the village. Popula tion about 2,000. BALLSVILLE, t. Powhatan co. Va. BALD EAGLE, r. Pa., which rises in Centre co., and passing through Mifflin and Lycoming counties, after a course of 50 m. runs into W. branch of the Susquehannah, about 12'm. W. of Jersey Shore. BALD EAGLE MOUNTAINS, in Pa.; 200 m. W. from Philadelphia. The valley below on the E. side is called Bald Eagle Valley, or Sinking Spring Valley. It is very pleasant, and remarkable for a phenomenon called the Swallows, which absorb several large streams and discharge them again, after a subterraneous passage of several miles. The valley is 5 m. wide, on the frontiers of Bedford county. BALD HEAD, point in Norton Sound, on the N W. coast of N. America. Lat. 64 43' N. Lon. 84 42' W. BALD HEAD, head land SW. side of Wells bay in Maine. Lon. 80 35' W. Lat. 43 N. 186 BAL BALD HEAD,SW. end of Smith's island, at the mouth of Cape Fear river, N. C. It has a light-house; 24 m. NNW. from Frying Pan shoal. Lon. 78 13' W. Lat. 33 51' N. BALD MOUNTAINS, mountains of N. America, which bound Tennessee to the E. Lon. 82 35' W. Lat. 35 50' N. BALDWIN, t. Cumberland co, Maine ; 40 m. NW. from Portland, 150 NNE. from Boston, and 583 from W. C. It contains several ponds which produce various kinds offish. BALDWIN, co. central part of Georgia, bounded N. by Putnam, E. by Hancock, S. by Wilkinson, and W. by Jones cos. Pop. in 1830, 7,295, and in 1840, 7,250. Chief town, Milledgeville. BALDWIN, co. Alabama, bounded N. by Monroe, E. by Perdido r. S. by the Gulf of Mexico, and W. by the Mobile river and bay. Pop. m 1830, 2,824, and 1840, 2,951. Chief town, Fort Stoddard. BALDWINSVILLE, v. Columbia co.Geo. BALDWINSVILLE, v. Onondaga co. N. Y., 443 m. from W. C. BALIZE, the principal entrance at the mouth of the Mississippi, 100 m. below New Orleans 1,377 m. from W. C. Lon..8S 30' W. Lat. 29 6' N. Here are a fort and post-of fice, in Plaquemine co. BALTIMORE AND ITS ENVIRONS. BALTIMORE, city, and port of entry, Bal timore co. Md., is on the N. side of Patapsco r. 14 m. from its entrance into Chesapeake bay; 38 m. NE. from W. C., 100 SW. from Philadelphia, 190 SW. from New York, 400 SW. from Boston, 160 NE. from Richmond, 230 ESE. from Pittsburg, 590 NNE. from Charleston. Lon. 76 36' W. Lat. 39 17' N. Pop. of the city and precincts, 1790, 13,503; 1800,26,415; 1810,46,555; 1820, 62,738, 1830. 80,625, and in 1840, 102,313. Baltimore is well situated for commerce. It is connected by good turnpike roads with vari ous parts of Pennsylvania, and with the navi gable waters which run into the Ohio. It possesses the trade of Maryland, and of a great portion of the back country of Pennsyl vania, and the western states. In amount of shipping, it is the third city in the Union. It is the greatest flour market in the U. States. In its immediate neighborhood are about 60 flour mills, a single one of which has pro duced 32,000 barrels in a year. There are also a number of establishments for the man ufacture of cloth, cotton, paper, powder, iron, &c. The city is built around a bay, which sets up from the north side of the Patapsco, and affords a spacious and convenient har bor. The strait which connects the bay with the river is very narrow, scarcely a pistol^ shot across, and is well defended by Fort M'Henry. A small river, called Jones' Falls, empties into the north side of the harbor, and divides the city into two parts, called the town and Fell's Point, which are connected by bridges. At Fell's Point, the water is deep enough for vessels of 500 or 600 tons, but none larger than 200 tons can go up to the town. Baltimore contains the state peni>- tentiary ; the city and county alms-house ; a court-house ; 2 museums ; 2 theatres ; a cus tom-house ; a hospital, in which there is a fine collection of anatomical preparations in wax; an exchange, an immense edifice of four stories ; 5 market-houses ; 10 banks, 45 houses of public worship, a public library, a lunatic asylum, an observatory, and several elegant public fountains. A marble monu ment to the memory of General Washington has been erected on an elevation at the north end of Charles street. The base is 50 feet square, and 23 feet high, on which is another square of about half the extent and elevation. On this is a lofty column, 20 feet in diameter at the base, and 14 at the top. On the summit of this column, 163 feet from the ground, the statue of Washington is placed. BAL BAR BALTIMORE EXCHANGE AND MONUMENT. 187 The Battle Monument, erecfel to the mem ory of those who fell in bravely defending their city from the attack of the British on the 12th and 13th of Sept., 1814, is a hand some structure of marble, situated on a large square in North Calvert street. The city is generally well built. The houses are chiefly of brick ; many of them are hand some, and some splendil. The streets in tersect each other at right angles. Baltimore is supplied with water taken from the Jones' falls, and conveyed to reservoirs, whence it is distributed to every part of the city. There are several literary institutions in this city. A medical college was founded in 1807. In 1812 the institution was enlarged, and received a new charter. It is now styled the University of Maryland, and em braces the departments of languages, arts, sciences, medicine, law, and divinity. The Baltimore and Ohio railroad extends from this city to the Ohio river at Pittsburg, 300 m. It was begun in 1829, and it is now only completed to Harper's Ferry, 80 m. There are several viaducts and embank ments in its course near Baltimore, substan tially bailt of granite, and a deep cut three- quarters of a mile long and 70 feet deep. The whole distance from Baltimore to Pitts- burg, when completed, will be travelled, according to estimation, by horse power in 30 hours, and by steam in 20. Another railroad has been commenced, to extend from Baltimore through York to Wrights- ville on the Susquehannah, 70 m. BALTIMORE, ts. Windsor co. Vt., 10 m. NW. from Windsor, and about 65 S. from Montpelier. An abundance of gneiss and granite is found here. BALTIMORE, hundred, Sussex co. Del. BALTIMORE, co. Md., on the W. side of Chesapeake bay, N. of Patapsco r. Chief town, Baltimore. Pop. in 1830, 120,876, and in 1840, 134,379. BALTIMORE, v. Fairfieli co. Ohio, on the Ohio and Erie canal, 21 m. SW. from Columbus, 9V m. N. of Lancaster, 20 m. by the canal SW. from Newark, and 7 miles S. of the National road : the village contains about 1,000 inhabitants. It contains a woollen factory, 25 mechanic shops, a large merchant mill with 4 run of stone, and 3 churches for different denominations. It is a flourishing business place. BALTIMORE, v. S. part of Warren co.. In., on the Wabash. BANGOR, ts. Franklin co. N. Y., 204 m. NW. from Albany. Pop. 1,289. BANGOR, city and cap. Penobscot co. Maine, on the W. side of Penobscot r. at the head of navigation, 35 m. N. from Cas- tine, and 52 from Owl's Head, at the mouth of Penobscot bay. It is not open for ship ping during the winter, but at other seasons it is of very easy access for vessels of almost any size, and the river is open at all times within 12" m. to Frankfort. Bangor is the natural market for a large portion of the interior of Maine. It is a flourishing place, and contains a court-house, 3 banks, and several houses of public worship. In its immediate vicinity are numerous mills. A theological seminary was opened here in 1815, styled " The Maine Charity School." It is under the direction of 2 professors and a preceptor. Its design is to prepare young men for the ministry by a shorter course of study than is usual. The qualifications for admission are a knowledge of English gram mar, arithmetic, Latin grammar, and some acquaintance with the Latin classics. The term of study is four years. Pop. 8,627. BANGALL, v. Stanford ts. Dutchess co. N. Y. BANISTER, v. Halifax co. Va., 140 m. SW. from Richmond. BANNING'S SETTLEMENT, Shelby co. IL, 12 m. S. from Shelby villc. BANK'S ISLAND, near the NW. coast of America, about 60 m. long and 5 broad. Lon. 120 45' to 130 10' W. Lat. 53 30' N. BAPTISTOWN, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. r 30 m. NW. from Trenton. BARACOA, a town on the NE. coast of Cuba, with a good harbor for small vessels, 9 m. ENE. of St. Jago de Cuba. Lon. 74 42' W. Lat. 20 30' N. BARATARIA, r. Louisiana, which runs S. into a bay of the same name. BARATARIA, isl. on N. siie of the Gulf of Mexico, at the entrance of Barataria 188 BAR bay ; 55 m. NW. from Balize. Lat. 29 N. It is a healthy island and a strong military position, and affords a safe and capacious 'harbor for merchant vessels, and light ships of war. BARATARIA, a bay on the coast of Louisiana, near the mouth of the Mississippi, -surrounded by a flat marshy country. Boats can pass from the Mississippi at New Orleans 'through this bay to the sea. This was for merly a great resort for pirates. BARBADOES, one of the Caribbees, and the most eastern of the W. India islands. Lat. 13 10' N., Lon. 59 W. The earl of Marlbo rough obtained from James I. a grant of the island, in 1624, and laid the foundation of James Town. It is 21 m. Ions:, 14 broad, and contains 166 sq. ms. or 106,470 acres. It lies 20 leagues E. of St. Vincent, 25 from St. Lucia, 28 SE. from Martinico, 60 NE. from Trinidad, and 100 SE. from St. Christopher's. It is divided into 5 districts and 1 1 parishes ; chief town, Bridgetown. Pop. in 1834, 102,912. BARBARA, St., a town on the W. coast of North America, capital of a jurisdiction of its name. It stands in a rugged, barren country, but has a srood roadstead. Lon. 119 17' W. Lat. 34 54' N. BARBARY, v. Rowan co. N. C., 134 m. W. from Raleigh. BARBE, St., a town of Mexico, in New Biscay, near which are rich silver mines. It is 500 m. NW. of Mexico. Lon. 107 5' W. Lat. 26 N. BARBER'S, v. Fauquier co. Va., 63 m. from Richmond, and 126 from W. C. BARBOURVILLE, t. and cap. Knox co. Ky., 556 m. from W. C. Pop. 224. BARBOUR, co. Ah, bounded N. by Macon and Russell, E. by the Chattohoochee r. S. by Ball and Henry, and W. by Pike. Pop. in 1840, 12,024, Clayton is the capital. BARBOURSVILLE, v. Orange co. Va., 77 m. NW. from Richmond, 105 from W. C. BARBOURSVILLE, v. and cap. Cabell co. Va., situated near the mouth of Guyan- doff river, which empties into the Ohio. It is a flourishing place, contains a court-house, jail, and several houses of public worship, 344 m. from Richmond, and 393 m. from W. C. BARBUDA, one of the Leeward islands, in the West Indies, 20 m. long, and 10 broad. It has a good road for shipping, but no direct trade to Britain. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in raising corn, and breed ing cattle, for the use of the neighboring islands. It is 35 m. N. from Antigua. Lon. 61 50' W. Lat. 17 50' N. BARBUE, r. of U. C., falls into lake Erie 40 m. W. from Long Point. It is now commonly called the Orwell. BARBUE, r. in the U. S., in the penin sula of Mich. ; falls into lake Michigan. BARBEE'S SETTLEMENT, Crawford o. II., 7 m. NW. from Palestine. BARDSTOWN, see Bairdstown. BAREFIELDS, v. Liberty co. S.C., on the Little Pedee, 412 m, from W. C. Lon. 79 23' W. Lat. 34 12' N. BAREFIELDS, t. Marion co. S. C., 41 m. from W. C. BARGAINTOWN, Atlantic co. N. J., 194 m. from W. C., 4 m. from Great Egg Harbor Bay, 45 SE. from Woodbury, and 90 m. from Trenton. It contains about 40 dwellings. BARIL, Island of, in the St. Lawrence r. above Ogdensburg. BARIL POINT, in St. Lawrence r. above Ogdensburg. BARING, ts. Washington co. Me., 209 in. E. from Augusta. A railroad connects it with Calais, being 4 m. in length. It has a large and beautiful pond on the west, which empties into the St. Croix. Pop. 376. BARKER, ts. N. part of Broome co. N. Y. Pop, 1,259. It is 139 m. from Albany, and 307 from W. C. BARKER'S MILLS, v. Hoosick ts. Rens- selaer co. N. Y. BARKHAMPSTEAD. ts. Litchfield co. Ct., 26 m. NW. from Hartford, 20 m. from Litchfield. It contains a flourishing manu facturing village. Pop. 1,800. BARKSDALE, v. Lincoln co. Geo. BARLETT, t. Coos co. N. H., is 45 m. SE. from Lancaster, 82 NNE. from Con cord, and 85 NW. from Portsmouth. Pop. in 1840, 706. The river Saco runs through the centre of the township. BARLOW, t. Washington co. Ohio. BARN TAVERN, v. Southampton co. Va., 175 m. from W. C. BARNARD, ts. Windsor co. Vt., 26 m. NW. from Windsor, 484 from W. C. It is watered by the broad brook which empties into White river in Sharon, and by Locust creek, which also empties into White river, in Bethel. In the centre of this township is the village, and a beautiful pond, from which issues a stream on which there are several mills. BARNEGAT, v. Dutchess co. N. Y., 5 m. S. from Poughkeepsic village. Here is a large number of lime-kilns, and great quan tities of lime are manufactured here and sent to New York. BARNEGAT, bay, and inlet, on E. coast of N. J., 68 m. ENE. from Cape May. Lon. 73 45' W. Lat. 39 47' N. BARNESVILLE, v. Belmont co. Ohio, 318m. from W. C. BARNESVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Md., 4 m. from the mouth of Monocacy creek, and 13 S. from Fredericktown, BARNET, ts. Caledonia co. Vt., on the Connecticut, 8 m. SE. from Danville, 32 E. from Montpelier, 329 from W. C. It is noted for its producing slate and iron ore. It has a great water power on the Passump- sic and Steven's rivers. In4his town there are several ponds which produce various kinds of fish. BARNET'S TAVERN, v. Fauquier co, Va., 59 m. from W. C. BARNSBOROUGH, v. Gloucester co. N. BAR 189 J., about 14 m. below Philadelphia,, and 6 m. SW. from Woodbury, and contains about 20 houses. BARNSTABLE, co. Mass., comprising the peninsula of Cape Cod. The chief town has the same name. Vast quantities of salt are made in this county by solar evaporation. Pop. in 1830, 28,525, and in 1840, 32,548. BARNSTABLE, ts. and cap. Barnstable co. Mass., stands on a harbor at the bottom of Cape Cod Bay. The town is built with considerable neatness, and has some com merce and fishing business. There are exten sive salt marshes in the neighborhood, but the soil here is better than in almost any other part of the co. It is 64 m. SE. from Boston. Population, 4,301. BARNSTEAD,ts. Belknap co. N. H., 26 m. ENE. from Concord, 32 NW. from Portsmouth, 563 from W. C. Pop. 1,945. BARNS MILLS, Monongahela co. V., near Morgantown, and 219 m. NW. from Richmond.. BARNWELL, district of S. C., having Savannah r. SW. Edgefield NW. Orange- burg NE. Colleton and Beaufort SE., being 50 m. in length by a mean width of 35 ; area 1,050 sq. ms., surface hilly, and soil of middling quality. Staples, cotton and grain. Chief town, Barnwell. Pop. in 1830, 19,- 256, in 1840, 21,417. BARNWELL, C. H. and t. of Barnwell district, S. C., 62 m. S. W. from Columbia, and 562 from W. C. BARNEGAT, v. Stafford ts. Monmouth co. N. J., 36 m. S. from Freehold, 78 SE. from Trenton, and 202 NE. from W. C. It has a sandy soil and is surrounded by a pine forest. BARNSBOROUGH, v. Greenwich ts. Gloucester co. N. J., 6 m. SW. from Wood- bury. B'ARNSVILLE, Spencer ts. Guernsey co. Ohio. BARNEY'S PRAIRIE, Wabash eo. II., 7 m. N. from Mt. Carmel. BARRE, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 24 m. N. W. from Worcester, 64 W. from Boston, 417 from W. C. This is a very valuable township, and produces great quantities of beef, butter, and cheese, and has extensive manufactories, such as woollen, cotton, cop per pumps, boots, shoes, carriages, leather, palm-leaf hats, &c., to the amount of about $65,000 annually. Pop. 2,751. BARRE, ts. Washington co. Vt., 7 m. SE. from Montpelier, 524 from W. C. Pop. 2,126. BARRE, ts. Orleans co. N. Y., 260 m. from Albany, and 386 from W. C. Pop. 5,539. BARREN, co. in the S. central part of Ky. Pop. in 1840, 17,288. Glasgow, the chief town. Two rivers, one called the Little, and the other the Big Barren, have their source within the county, running in different directions, but both falling into the Green river. BARREN CREEK, r. which rises in SW. corner of Delaware, and runs into the Nanticoke, 5 m. S. from Vienna. BARREN CREEK SPRINGS, t. Somer set co. Md., 82 m..SE. from Annapolis. BARREN RIVER, r. Kentucky, which runs into the Green River, between Warren and Losran counties. BARREN RIVER, Little, r. Ky., which runs into Green River, W. of Greensburg. BARRENS, t. St. Genevieve co. Miso.,. 70 m. SE. from St. Louis. BARRIER POINT, the W. point, where the r. Petite Nation enters the Ottawa, U. C. BARRINGTON, ts. Bristol co. R. I., oa the SW. side of Warren r., 8 m. ESE. from Providence, and 7 m. N. by W. from Bristol- Some salt is made here, and shell and other fish are abundant. Pop. in 1840, 549. BARRINGTON, ts. Yates co. N. Y., 193 m. W. from Albany, and 11 m. S. from Penn, Yan. Pop. 1,868.. BARRINGTON, ts. Strafford co. N. H.,. 28 m. NW. from Portsmouth, 517 from W. C. It is a large township, and contains several ponds, the largest of which, Bow pond, is 650 rods long, and 40 broad. It hask several houses of public worship. Crystal spar, black lead, iron ore, alum, and vitriol- are found here. In the SE. part of the town there is a cave called the Bear's Den~ Pop. 1,844. BARRON'S, t. Prince William co. Va., 48 m. SW. from W. C. BARRYSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N.. C., 448 m. from W. C. BART, t. Lancaster co. Pa., S. from Stras- burg. BARTHELEMY,. r. Louisiana, which, after a course W. by S. of about 150 m, joins the Ouachitta, 3 m. below the Der- bane. BARTHOLOMEW, co. In., bounded oa the N. by Johnson and Shelby, E. by Dcca- tur, S. by Jackson, and W. by Monroe cos. BARTHOLOMEW, St., parish of S. C., in the district of Charleston, containing about 13,000 inhabitants, three-fourths slaves. BARTHOLOMEW, small r. of Arkan sas and Lou., rising in the former, and fall ing into Ouachitta. BARTHOLOMEW, Cape, S. point of Staten island, in the straits of Le Maire. BARTHOLOMEW, St., one of the Car- ribbee islands, in the West Indies, 24 m. in circumference, and 25 N. from St. Christo pher. The French ceded it to the Swedes in 1785; and it was taken by the British in 1801, but restored to Sweden in 1814. The chief exports are drugs and lignumvitse ; and it has a good harbor. Lon. 63 40' W. Lat. 17 46' N. BARTLETT'S SETTLEMENT, SW. part of M'Donough co. II., 15 m. from Ma- comb. BARTON, Lincoln co. U. C. BARTON, v. Orleans co. Vt., 40 m. NE. from Montpelier, and 9 m. SE. from Irasburg. It is well watered by Barton river, which 190 BAR BAT empties into Memphremagog lake. Pop. in 1840, 872. BARTON, small r. of Vt., rising in Or leans co. and falling into lake Memphrema gog- BARTON'S CREEK, r. Tennessee, which a-uns into the Cumberland, about 10 m. Above Clarksville, BARREN TOWN, v. Freehold ts. Mon- mouth co. N. J., 4 m. from Freehold, and 10 m. from MiJdletown. BARREN HILL, v. Whitemarsh ts. Montgomery co. Pa., 93 m. SE. from Har- risburg. BARRY, co. Mich., bounded N. by Kent and Ionia, E. by Eaton, S. by Calhoun and Kalamazoo, and W. by Alleghany. Pop. 1,078, chief town, Hastings. BARRYTOWN, v. Redhookts. Dutchess o. N. Y. BARRY VI LLE, v. Bucks co. Pa., 3 m. SE. from Doylestown. BARRYVILLE, Lumberland ts. Sullivan <;o. N. Y. BARKSDALE, v. Halifax co. Va., 14 in. N. from Halifax C. H. BARTLE'S MILLS, v. Jersey ts. Steu- ben co. N. Y. BARTON, ts. SW. corner of Tioga co. N. Y., 16 m. W, from Owego, Pop. 2,- 324. BASKINRIDGE, t. Somerset co. N. J., on a branch of the Passaic, 7 m. SSW. from Morristown, 17 N. from New Brunswick, "219 from W. C. Lon. 74 33' W. Lat. 40 40' N. Here is a good academy. General Lee was taken prisoner here in 1776. It is a pleasant and flourishing village. BASIN HARBOR, v. Addison co. Vt., in Ferrisburg ; E. side of lake Champlain ; 4 m. S. of the mouth of Otter creek, 496 from W. C. BASIN MINAS, bay or small gulf at the NE. extremity of the Bay of Fundy. BASSETERRE, capital of St. Christo pher, built by the French, before the island was ceded to the English in 1713. BASSETERRE, capital of Guadaloupe, tn a district of the same name, in the W. part of the island. It is defended by a citadel and other fortifications. Lon. 61 59' W. Lat. 15 59' N. BASS COVE, in Adolphustown, Bay of Quinte, U. C. BASS ISLANDS, an interesting group in lake Erie, appertaining to Huron co., Ohio. This cluster is composed of 3 principal and several smaller islands. In the southern Bass Island is the fine harbor of Put-in-Bay, about 5 or 6 m. W. of which, on Sept. 10th, 1813, capt. Perry captured the British fleet, under the command of capt. Barclay. BASTARD, t. U. C., between Lansdowne and Leeds. BAT A VIA, t. and cap. Genesee co. N.Y., 40 m. E. Buffalo, 244 W. Albany, 34 SW. Rochester. It contains a court-house, a jail, bank, and other public buildings, and has considerable trade, and manufactories of flour, bells, guns, leather, &c. Many of the buildings are of brick and elegant. Pop. 4,219. BAT A VI A, t.and cap. of Clearmount co. 0., 96 m. SW. from Columbus, on the east fork of Little Miami river, on the road leading from Williamsburg to Cincinnati. It contains two printing offices, about 40 houses, several stores, and about 600 in habitants, and is a flourishing place. BATCA, t. of Mexico, in Yucatan, on the siJe of the Bay of Campeachy. BATESVILLE, t. Independence co. Ar kansas, on White river, 110 m. NE. of Lit tle Rock. BATESVILLE, v. Beaver ts. Guernsey co. Ohio, 119 m. E. from Columbus, and 309 from W. C. BATH, t. Grafton co. N. H., on the Con- necticut ; 14 m. N. Haverhill, 40 N. Dart mouth College, 545 from W. C. Pop. 1.595. The Lower Ammonoosuck and Bath turn pike pass through this town, and at the point T/here they intersect, there is a hand some A illage. BATH, t. and port of entry, in Lincoln co. M line, on W. side of the Kennebec, 12 m. from the sea, 8 SW. Wiscasset, 35 NE. Portland, 150 NE. Boston, 588 from W. C. Lon. 69 49' W. Lat. 43 55' N. Pop. 5,- 141. Bath is pleasantly situated, and has great advantages for commerce, being at the head of winter navigation. The river here is sel lom frozen over. It is one of the most considerable commercial towns in Maine. It contains an academy, several banks, and houses of public worship for Congregation- alists, Baptists, &c. BATH, ts. and v. and cap. Steuben co. N. Y., on the Conhocton, 40 m. S. Canandai^ua, 245 W. Albany, 294 from W. C. The village contains 2 public squares, one of 6 and the other of 4 acres, upon the former of which the counly buildings are situated, a bank, land office, 2 churches, 3 hotels, several stores, and some private dwellings ; on the other are a methodist church, and seme other fine build ings. The village contains 3 large flouring mills, 2 tanneries, furnace for casting iron, carding and clothing works, oil mill, and a number of mechanic shops of less note. It is a pleasant and flourishing place. Pop. of the ts. 4,915. BATH, v. Beaufort co. N. C., 61 m. SE. of Edenton, on Tar river, 24 m. above Pam- lico Sound. Lat. 35 31' N. BATH, co. Ky., having Nicholas NW. Flemming NE. Floyd SE. and Montgomery SW. It is 34 m. in length, with a mean breadth of 10; area 340 sq. m. Chief town, Owinssville. Pop. 9,763. BATH, co. in the central part of Va., bounded N. by Pendleton co. E. by Rock- bridge co. S. by Botetourt co. and W. by Greenbrier co. Here is a medicinal spring, called Warm Spring ; and another about 6 m. distant SW. called Hot Spring, the waters of which, at some seasons, are hot enough to boil an egg, and are useful in various BAT BEA 191 complaints. Pop. in 1830, 4,008, in 1840, 4,300. BATH, Berkeley co. Va., near the Poto mac; 85m. NNW. Winchester, 104 from W. C. Berkeley Springs are near this town, which see. BATH, v. Rensselaer co. N. Y., on the E. side of the Hudson, opposite the upper part of Albany. BATH, C. H. and v. Bath co. Va., 50 m. W. Staunton, and 227 SW. from W. C. It contains a court-house, jail, a church, and several fine houses. BATH, v. Northampton co. Pa., about 15 m. W. of Easton. BATH, v. S. part of Cass co. II. BATON ROUGE, v. Chester district, S. C., 66 m. N. of Columbia. BATON ROUGE, t. and cap, of E. and W. Baton Rouge, Lou., on the left bank of the river Mississippi. Here, in ascending the river, banks rise to a considerable height above the elevation of the water in freshets. It is -about 138 m. above New Orleans, following the river. Here the country is finely improved. The town con tains about 60 or 70 houses, and 350 inhab itants. BATON ROUGE, East, parish of Lou., on the left bank of the Mississippi river, having that stream W. New Feliciana N. the Amite river, or St. Helena E. Iberville river, or St. Gabriel S. It is 26 m. in length, with a mean width of 15 ; area 400 sq[. ms. Its surface is rolling towards the N. but becomes generally level to the south ward. The soil is fertile, and in its natur al state covered with a dense forest. Sta ple, cotton. Chief town, Baton Rouge. Pop. in 1830, 6,717, in 1840, 8,138. BATON ROUGE, West, parish of Lou., on the right bank of the Mississippi, opposite East Baton Rouge, having the Mississippi river E. Pal^uemine river, or St. Gabriel SE. Atchafalaya river SW. and W. and Pointe Coupee N. It is 30 m. in length, by 25 mean wi llh ; area 760 si. ms. Its surface is a dead alluvial plain, extremely fertile, but except near the margin of the Mississippi, and some other streams, liable to annual sub mersion. Staple, cotton. Pop. in 1830, 3,084, in 1840, 4,638. BATOPILAS, a considerable town of the Andes or Cordilleras of Mexico, in the inten- dency of Durango. BATTENVILLE, v. Greenwich ts.Wash- ington co. N. Y., on the Battenkill, 8 m. SW. from Salem. BATTLE CREEK, v. Calhoun co. Mich., on the Kalamazoo r. at the mouth of Battle creek. BATTLETOWN, Frederick co. Va., 12 m. E. from Winchester. BATTERAUX, island, in the river St. Lawrence, above Bearded Island. BATTLE CREEK, r. Ky., which runs into the Ohio, Ion. 85 36' W. Lat. 38 35' N. BATTURE GRAND, on Ottawa river, below Portage du Chene, U. C. BAUCHERVILLE, a beautifully located village on the W. bank of the river St. Law rence, about 10 m. W. of Montreal. BAYAGUANA, an inland town of the island of St. Domingo, about 35 m. NE. of the city of St. Domingo. BA YAMO, a town in the E. part of Cuba, on the river Estero, which forms a bay on the coast, 20 m. below the town. It gives name to a channel, between Cuba and the islands, called the Queen's Garden, and is 80 m. WSW. of St. Jago. Lon. 77 20' W. Lat. 20 45' N. BAYLESBURG, v. Southampton co. Va., 203 m. from W. C. BAYLE'S STORE, t. Stokes co. N.C., 145 m. NW. from Raleigh. BAY OF ISLANDS, there are several bays in different parts of the world so called ; viz. 1st, on the west coast of Newfoundland ; 2d, in the straits of Magellan; 3d, on the NE. coast of New Holland in lat. 10 30' ; 4th, on theNW. coast of America in lat. 57 N. ; 5thj on the E. coast of New Zea land. BAYOU CHICOT, t. in the northern part of Opeloosas, Lou., 30 m. NW. from the village of St. Landre, and 1,488 SW. from W. C. BAY RIVER, t. Craven co. N. C., 20 m. E. from Newbern. Bay river is a small creek of Pamlico Sound, and forming part of the boundary between Beaufort and Cra ven cos. BAY SETTLEMENT, t. E. part of Mon roe co. Mich., 46 SW. from Detroit. BAYARDSTOWN, the E. suburbs of Pittsburg, Pa. It is without the limits of the city, contains several founderies and facto ries, and is rapidly increasing in population. BAYLEYTOWN, v. Romulus ts. Seneca co. N. Y., on Seneca lake. BEACH GROVE, v. Bedford co. Tenn., 48 m. S. from Nashville. BEACH GROVE, v. Luzerne co. Penn. ; 204 m. from W. C. BEACH HILL, t. S. C., 7 m. SW. Dor chester. BEACH ISLAND, small island in the At lantic, near the coast of New Jersey. Lon. 74 15' W. Lat. 39 47' N. BEACON ISLAND, small island in Pam lico Sound, near the coast of N. C. Lon. 76 22' W. Lat. 34 57' N. BEALSBURG, t. Harden co. Ky., on E. bank of Rolling Fork -river; 15 m. WSW. Bairdstown, 50 SW. Frankfort. Lon. 86 27' W. Lat. 37 42' N. BEALLSVILLE, fine v. on theU. S. road, Washington co. Pen., 8m. W. from Browns ville, and 17 E. from Washington, the county seat. BEALLSVILLE, v. Sunbury ts. Monroe co. O., 10 m. NE. from Woodsfield, and is a flourishing village in the midst of a well im proved country. BEAM'S STATION, t. Granger co. Tenn., 30 m. NE. from Knoxville, and 226 NE. from Murfreesborough. 192 BEA BEAN'S CREEK, v. Franklin co. Term. ; 726 m. from W. C. BEAN'S STATION, v. Granger county, Tenn. ; 498 m. from W. C. BEAR BROOK, r. which runs into the Mississippi, Lon. 93 28' W. Lat. 44 40' N. BEAR CAMP, r. N. H., falls into Ossipee Lake. BEAR CREEK, r. Ky., which runs into Green river, Lon. 86 45' W. Lat. 36 52' N. BEAR CREEK, r. N. C., which runs into the Atlantic, Lon. 77 32/ W. Lat. 34 36' N. BEAR CREEK, another small stream run ning into the W. side of Miami river in Mont gomery co. Ohio. BEARD'S STORE, t. Anson co. N. C., 80m. SW. of Raleigh. BEARDSTOWN, t. and cap. of Cass co. HI., situated on the Illinois river, 25 m. NE. from Jacksonville. It contains about 15 stores, several of which do commission and forwarding business. It has likewise, 2 large steam flour mills with 6 pair of stones, one steam sawmill, one steam distillery, a large brewery, and is a flourishing place. Population, about 1,500. BEARD'S CREEK, in Geo., a small branch of Altamaha river, in Liberty co. BEARD'S MILL, t. Rowan co. N. C. BEARDED ISLAND, in the river St. Lawrence, above Lake St. Francis. BEARFIELD, t. in Perry co. Ohio. BEAR GAP, v. Northumberland co. Pa., 182 m. from W. C. BEAR GRASS CREEK, r. Ky., which runs into the Ohio at Louisville. BEAR INLET, channel between two small islands near the coast of N. C. Lon. 77 21' W. Lat. 34 36' N. BEAR ISLAND, small island in the At lantic, near the coast of Maine. Lon. 68 20' W. Lat. 44 6' N. BEAR LAKE, one of the sources of the Mississippi, about Lat. 48 20' N. BEAR RIVER, r. N. America, which runs into the Mississippi, Lon. 92 44' W. Lat. 44 20' N. BEARYSV1LLE, v. Fayette ts. Seneca co. N. Y., 4 m. S. of Waterloo village, contains a church and about 25 dwellings. BEASLEY'S CREEK, r. Ky., which runs into the Ohio, Lon. 83 55' W. Lat. 38 35' N. BEATTIE'S FORD, t. Lincoln co. N. C. BEATTYSTOWN, v. Mansfield, t. War ren co. N. .!., on the Musconetcong creek at the west of Schooley's Mountain, within 2 m. of the mineral springs, and 16 E. of Bel- videre. BEAUCOUP, settlement in Washington co. II., S. from New Nashville. BEAUCHARNOIS ISLE, in the N. east erly part of Lake Superior, not a great way from the shore, and eastward of Isle Hoc- quart. BEAUCLERC, port in an island on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 56 17' N.Lon. from W. C. 56 37' W. BEAUFORT, co. N. C., in Newbern dis trict; having Craven SW. Pitt NW. Martin and Washington N. and Hyde and Pamlico Sound E. Length 40 m., mean breadth 17; area 670. It is generally level. Chief town, Bath. Population in 1830, 10,949, and in 1840, 12,225. BEAUFORT, a maritime district, form ing the SE. corner of the state of South Carolina ; bounded on the SW. by the Sa vannah river. It is a low swampy district, but very productive in rice and cotton. In addition to the Savannah on the S. it is bounded on the N. by the Big-slake-hatchic river, and the Coosawhatchie intersects the district from NW. to the SE. dividing into two branches about the centre cf the district, and forming an island called Port Royal Isl and, on which is a town named Beaufort, formerly the capital of the district, but the courts are now held at the town of Coosa whatchie, about 20 m. NW. of Beaufort, and 193 S. of Columbia, the capital of the state. Pop. in 1830, 37,032, in 1840, 35,794. BEAUFORT, seaport, Beaufort district, S. C., on Port Royal Island, 75 m. S. from Charleston, and 58 N. from Savannah. Its harbor is deep and spacious. Here is a chartered college, but in a languishing state. Lat. 32 25' N. Lon. 3 30' W. from W. C. BEAUFORT, seaport t. and capital Car- teret co. N. C., on Gore Sound, 44 m. . from Newbern. Vessels drawing 14 feet water can ascend to this place. It is well situated to become an extensive depot of trade ; and it is proposed to connect its sound with the Neuse, Tar, and Roanoke rivers. BEAUPORT, Seigniory, Quebec co. L C., at the mouth of the Montmorenci river, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence. BEAURIVAGE, r. L. C., enters the Chaudiere about 4 m. above its mouth. BEAUVAIS, r. N. America, which runs into lake Michigan. Lon. S5 36' W. Lat. 43 50' N. BEAVER, r. N. H., which rises in Lon donderry, and runs S. into the Merrimack, in Dracut. BEAVER CREEK, r. Ken., which runs into the Cumberland, Lon. 85 12' W. Lat. 36 35' N. BEAVER CREEK, r. Alab., which runs into the Tennessee, Lon. 87 50' W. Lat. 34 38' N. BEAVER CREEK, r. N. Y., which runs SW. into the Papachton ; 35 m. long. BEAVER CREEK, rises in the township of Caistor, U. C., and running through part of Gainsborough, empties itself into Wei- land, to which river it runs close, and nearly parallel, for almost 4 m. before it dis charges. BEAVER CREEK, in the t. of Humber- stone, runs into lake Erie N. of Row's Point, U. C. BEAVER CREEK, runs into lake Supe rior on the N. side, between river Aupie and river Rouge, U. C. BEAVER CREEK, mill stream, Clark co. Ohio, running northwardly into Buck creek, a little distance above Springfield. BEA BED 193 BEAVER CREEK, name of a creek run ning into the W. side of Little Miami river, in Green co. Ohio. BEAVER RIVER, empties itself into the Narrows, a little below the Falls of St. Mary's, running from N. to S., U. C. BEAVER, co. Pa., on both sides of Ohio river, having part of the state of Ohio W. Mercer N. Butler E. Alleghany SE. and Washington S. It is about 40 m. in length along the state of Ohio, with a mean breadth of 15 m. ; area 600 sq. ms. ; features hilly and broken ; soil generally, however, fertile, and well wooded and watered ; chief town, Beaver, cap. Lat. N. 40 50' Lon. W. 3 20' from W. C. Pop. in 1830, 24,206, and in 1840, 29,368. BEAVER, Big, or Mahoning, r. which rises in Portage co. Ohio, passes into 'Penn sylvania, and joins the Ohio, at Beavertown. BEAVER, Little, r. Columbiana co. Ohio, which runs S. into the Ohio, near the line of Ohio and Pennsylvania ; 43 m. below Pittsburg. It affords many excellent mill-seats. Near the mouth of this river there is a spring, from which issues an oil, called Seneca oil, which is highly inflammable, and is useful as a remedy for rheumatic pains. BEAVER DAM, Goochland co. Va., 24 m. NW. from Richmond. BEAVER IRON WORKS, t. Bath co. Ken., 78 m. E. from Frankfort. BEAVER ISLANDS, remarkable chain of small islands, in lake Michigan, extend ing about 30 m. SW. into the lake. Lon. 85 20' W. Lat. 62 20' N. They appear beautiful, the situation pleasant, but the soil barren. BEAVERTOWN, t. Union co. Pa., 69m. N. from Harrisburg. BEAVERSDAM, v. Queen Anne co. Md., J26 m. from W. C. BEAVER, bor. and cap. Beaver co. Pa., at the confluence of the Big Beaver with the Ohio ; 30 m. below Pittsburg, and 253 from W. C. It is a place of considerable busi ness, and contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an academy, and has various manu factures. There is a valuable iron mine in its vicinity. This town, including the flourishing villages of Brighton, Fallston, Sharron, Bolesville, Bridgewater, &c., which interlock each other, around the mouth and falls of Beaver river, has received the name of Beaver City. The population of all, on the 1st of January, 1842, was rising 7,000, and rapilly increasing. This city, thus con stituted, may properly be called the Rochester of ths west. It possesses unrivalled natural advantages of water-power, which are ex tensively improved, and the coal in the im mediate neighborhood is inexhaustible. Thus situated, no place can offer greater inducements to the capitalist. BECANCOUR, r. of L. C., enters the St. Lawrence, opposite the mouth of the river St. Maurice. Its sources interlock with those of the Chaudiere. BECKET, ts. of Berkshire co. Mass., on the head of Westfield r., 17 m. SE. from Lenox, and 25 W, from Northampton. Pop. in 1840, 1,342. BECKHAMSVILLE, t. Chester district, S. C., on the Wateree, 32 m. NW. from Camden. BECKMANSVILLE, or Rocky Mount, t. Chester co. S. C., on the Wateree; 30 m. NW. from Camden, and 480 from W. C. This place is celebrated for a shad-fishery. BEDDINGTON, t. Washington co. Me,, near the source of Pleasant river, 35 m. NW. by W. from Machias, and 40 m. E. from Bangor. There are several ponds in this town, which are among the head waters of Pleasant and Narragaugus rivers. Pop. in 1840, 164. BEDFORD, t. Hillsborough co. N. H., $ m. NE. from Amherst, 20 S. by E. from Con cord. It is watered by the Merrimack and Piscataquoag rivers, and has been noted for the cultivation of hops. Pop. in 1840, 1,555. BEDFORD, t. Middlesex co. Mass., 5 m. NW. from Boston, and 5 NE. from Con cord. It has some manufactures ; princi pally of boots and shoes. Population in 1840, 929. BEDFORD, New, see New Bedford. BEDFORD, bor. and cap. of Bedford co. Pa., about 189 m. W. of Philadelphia, 91 E. by S. of Pittsburg, and 150 NW. from W. C. It contains a court-house, jail, bank, and se veral houses of public worship, and is a place of considerable business. The situa tion of this town is extremely romantic, being surrounded by mountains. It is much frequented in the summer season on account of the mineral springs in its neighborhood. Population, 1,022. BEDFORD, co. Pa., having Md. S. Som erset W. Cambria NW. Huntingdon NE. and Franklin SE. Length 52 m. mean breadth about 31 ; containing 1,600 sq. ms. ; surface extremely diversified by mountains, hills, and valleys ; soil equally varied : in general rocky and barren in the mountains, but fer tile and well watered in the valleys. Staples, grain, flour, whiskey, and salted provisions. It is very productive in excellent iron, and possesses some mineral coal. The springs near Bedford have become a place of fash ionable resort in the months of July, August, and September. Chief town, Bedford. Pop. in 1830, 25,536, in 1840, 29,335. BEDFORD, v. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, 140 m. NW. from Columbus, 12 SE. from Cleve land, on the mail road from Cleveland to Pittsburg. The principal article of exporta tion, is lumber. Pop. about 1,000. BEDFORD, co. Va., having Franklin SW. Botetourt W. and NW. Rockbridge N. Am herst NE. Campbell SE. and Pitlsylvania S. It is 30 m. in length, by a mean breadth of 22; area 660 sq. ms., separated by the Blue Ridge from Botetourt co. A part of Bedford is mountainous ; it is, in general, hoAvever, hilly, and moderately fertile. Staples, to bacco and grain. Chief town, Liberty, Pop. in 1830, 20,253; in 1840, 20,203. 194 BED BEL BEDFORD, t. and cap. of Westchester co. N. Y. ; 44 m. NNE. from New York, 120 6. from Albany, and 272 from W. C. The village contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and a Presbyterian meeting-house. The courts of the county are hell alternately at Bedford, and at White Plains. Popula tion, 2,822. BEDFORD, v. in the northern part of Henry co. Ken., 12 m. SE. from Port Wil liam at the mouth of Ken. r., and 40 NW. from Frankfort. BEDFORD, t. and cap. of Lawrence co. Indiana, 60 m. NW. from Louisville, Ky. It contains the usual county building, a church, several mechanic shops, and has some trade. BEDFORD, co. Tennessee; bounded S. by Lincoln, E. by Franklin and Warren, N. by Rutherford and Williamson, and W. by Maury. Shelbyville is the county town. Pop. in 1830, 30,444; in 1840, 20,546. BEDFORD, t. Lincoln co. Missouri. BEDFORD, co. L. Canada. BEDFORD, v. Grant co. Wisconsin, 16 m. NE. from Cassville. BEDFORDSVILLE, v. Burke co. N. C., 205 m. W. from Raleigh. BEELIN'S FERRY, v. Cumberland co. Pa. ; 144 m. from W. C. BEECH HILL, t. Jackson co. Tenn., 70 m. NE. from Nashville. BEECH PARK, t. Gallatin co. Ken., by the post-road 48 m. N. from Frankfort. BEEKMAN, ts. Dutchess co. N. Y., 10 m. E. from Poughkeepsie, 87 m. NE. from New York, and 90 S. of Albany. It has se veral post-villages, and a furnace which manufactures 1,000 tons of pig iron annu ally. Pop. 1,400. BEEKMAN, ts. Clinton co. N. Y., 167 m. N. Albany, 18 rn. NW. Plattsburg. 11 contains several houses of public worship, and a village of about 30 houses, of the same name. Here is also a mineral spring in the town of some celebrity. Pop. 2,769. BEEKMANSVILLE, v. Dutchess co. N. York, on the Fishkill, 16 m. E. from Pough keepsie, has about 20 dwellings. BEELING'S FERRY, v. of Cumberland co. Pa. BEERING'S or Bhermg's Strait, the nar row sea between the W. coast of N. Ameri ca, and the E. coast of Asia. It is 13 leagues wide, in the narrowest part, between the capes Prince of Wales, and Tchukotskoi. The Arctic Circle passes this strait, a little N. of the narrowest part. BEERING'S, formerly Admiralty Bay, NW. coast of N. America. Lat. 59 20' N. BEGG'S SETTLEMENT, in the SE. part of Union co. Illinois. BELCHER, v. Hebron ts. Washington co. N. Y., about 50 m. N. of Albany, contains about 30 dwellings. BELFAST, ts/Alleghany co. N. Y., 6 m. W. from Angelica. Pop. 1,646. Buttsvill and Summer's Valley, are post-villages of the township. BEL-AIR, or Bdlair, t. and cap. Hartford co. Md. ; 23 m. NNE. from Baltimore, and 68 from W. C. It contains a court-house, a jail, a Methodist meeting-house, and an academy, and is a place of some trade. BELCHERTOWN, t. Hampshire co. Mass., 15 m. ESE. from Northampton, 80 W. from Boston, and 400 from W. C. It is a pleasant town. The principal manufac ture is that of pleasure waggons, of which about 600 annually are made. Pop. 2,554. BELFAST, s-p. and cap. Waldo co. Me.; 12 m. NW. from Castine, 224 NE.from Bos ton, and 641 from W. C. Lat. 44 25' N. It is delightfully situated on Belfast bay, at the mouth of a small river of the same name, and at the NW. part of Penobscot bay. It has a good harbor and great maritime ad vantages, and is a flourishing town. The Paasaggassawakeag river passes through the centre of the town, and adds much to the ap pearance of the place. It has an excellent harbor, and always free from ice. Considera ble ship-building is carried on in this place. Population, 4,186. BELFAST, v. Laurens district, S. C. ; 259 m. from W. C. BELLFONTAINE, a small town and seat of justice for Logan co. Ohio, 18 m. N. from Urbana, and 56 NW. from Columbus. N. Lat. 40 22' W. Lon. 6 45' from W. C. It took its name from the fine springs of lime stone water with which it is supplied. It contains about 100 houses, a large number of stores and several churches, 3 tanneries and a court-house and jail. It is a flourish- in? place, and increasing rapidly. BELFORD, v. Nashville co. N. C., 259 m. from W. C. BELFAST, v. Jefferson ts. Preble co. O., on the national road ; contains about 15 houses. BELFAST, v. Henry co. Iowa, on Skunk river, above Mt. Pleasant. BELFONT, v. Middleton ts. Columbiana co. Ohio. BELFORT, v. Watson ts. Lewis co. N. Y., on Beaver river. BELGRADE, ts. Kennebeck co. Maine, 10 m. NNW. from Augusta, and 172 ENE. from Boston. In this town are parts of three large ponds or lakes well stored with fish of various kinds. They are connected with each other, and find an outlet at Waterville. Pop. 1,748. BELKNAP, co. N. H., formed from Straf- ford in 1840, bounded N. by Carroll, S. by Stafford and Merrimack, and W. by the Merrimack r. Pop. 17,988. BELLAIRE, Seigniory, L. Canada, Hamp shire co. on the N. side of St. Lawrence r. 24 m. above Quebec. BELL BROOK, v. Green co. Ohio, 66 m. SW. from Columbus, 1 1 SE. from Dayton, 20 from Lebanon, and 9 from Centreville. It contains several stores and mechanic shops, and is a place of much business. BELLAIR, v. Lancaster district, S. C., 471 m. from W. C. BELLAMY BANK RIVER, r. N. H., BEL 195 which rises in Barrington, and flows into the Piscataqua, in S. part of Dover. BELLAMY, small isl. ia the Atlantic near the coast of S. C. Lon. 78 35' VV. Lat. 33 50' N. BELLE-FONTAINE, v. St. Louis co. Missouri, on S. sile of Missouri, 4 m. above its mouth, 16 N. from St. Louis. BELLEFONTE, bor. and cap. Centre co. Pa., 3 m. from Milesburg, 238 WNW. from Philadelphia, and 18.9 from W. C. It has an elevated situation at the heal of boat navigation on Spring Creek. It is regularly laid out, and contains a bank, an academy, the county buildings, &c., and is situated in a fertile country, and a place of considerable trade. Pop. 1,031. BELLEISLE, isl. of North America at the mouth of the strait between New Britain and Newfoundland, whence the straits take also the name of Belleisls. Lon. 21 33' E. from W. C. Lat. 51 55' N. BELLE-RIVER, U. C., runs into St. Clair, to the eastward of r. Aux Puces, and is navigable for boats some way up. BELLE VERNON, v. Fayette co. Pa., 8 ni. from Uniontown, and 194 SW. by W. from Harrisburg, on the Monongahela river, in the north extremity of the county. BELLE VIEW, and settlement of Wash ington co. Miso., in the Maine district ; it contains about 1,000 inhabitants. BELLEVILLE, v. Essex co. N. J., 3 m. above Newark, on the Passaic river, 218 from W. C., 52 from Trenton, and 9 from New York. At this place, printing, bleach ing, and dying manufactories arc established. The calico-printing works produce annually Hear 7,000,000 yards. It has also extensive manufactories of silk printing, brass rolling- mill, copper founderies, and rolling mills, britannia metal factory, lamp factory, &c. &c. Amounting annually to $2,000,000. BELLEVILLE, t. Wood co. Va., on the left bank of Ohio r., at the mouth of Lee's creek. BELLEVILLE, t. Logan co. Ohio. BELLEVILLE, t. Richmond co. Ohio, on the W. branch of Mohiccon creek, 9 m. S. from Mansfiell, and 65 N. from Columbus, on the main stage road from Mount Vernon to Mansfield. It contains one grist-mill, and several mills of other descriptions, seve ral stores, and sundry mechanic shops. Pop. about 600. BELLEVILLE, v. on Trade Water r. in the western part of Hopkins co. Ken., 200 m. SW. by W. from Frankfort. BELLEVILLE, v. Cunecuh co. Ala., 70 in. NNE. from Pensacola, and 100 m. S. from Cahaba. BELLEVIEW, fief of L. C., in Surrey co. on the right bank of St. Lawrence, 22 m. NE. from Montreal. BELLEVILLE, parish, Newbury, Mass., 1 m. from Newburyport. BELLEVILLE, t. and cap. St. Clair co. II., 18 m. from the Mississippi ; 15 E. from Cahokia, 50 N. from Kaskaskia, and 992 from W. C. It is surrounded by a rich country, which is rapidly increasing in popu lation. BELLEVILLE, v. Mifflinco. Pa., 1? m. from VV. C. BELLFIELD, t. Greensville co. Va., on the Meherrin, opposite Hicksford ; 45 m. S. from Petersburg. BELLINGHAM, t. Norfolk co. Mass.. 23 m, SW. from Boston, 18 SW. from Bed* ham, and 17 N. by W. from ProviJence, R. I. It is well watered by Charles river, and has a good hydraulic power. Its manu factures, consisting of cotton and woollen goods, straAV bonnets, boots and shoes, amounted in one year to $127,837. Popula tion, 1,055. BELLONA, arsenal and t. Chesterfield, Va., 10 m. NE. from Lexington. BELLEFONTE, t. and cap. of Jackson co. Al., 172 m. from Tuscaloosa, and 605 from W. C. BELLE FONTAINE, settlement in Mon roe co. II., near Waterloo. * BELLEISLE, v. Camillus ts. Onondaga co. N. Y., on the Erie canal, 6 in. from Syracuse, has from 20 to 30 dwellings. BELLE TERRE, v. Milwaukia co. Wis consin. BELLEVIEW PRAIRIE, Calhoun co. Illinois. BELLEVILLE, v. Ellisburg ts. Jeffer son co. N. Y., on N. branch of Sandy cr. BELLEVILLE, v. Hendricks co. Ind., 7 m. S. from Danville. BELLOWS FALLS, a cataract in the Connecticut between Walpole and Rocking- ham, consisting of several pitches in a very narrow strait of the river, A large rock here divides the stream into two channels } each 90 feet wide, but when the river is low the whole current is thrown into the western channel, where it is contracted to 16 feet and rushes with astonishing rapidity. A briJge is built over these falls, and a canal passes round them. BELLOWS FALLS, v. in the township of Rockingham, V., opposite the falls; 5 m. NW. from Walpole, 26 S. from Windsor, and 452 from W. C. It is a flourishing vil lage, and contains an Episcopal church, a printing-office, a paper-mill, oil mill, and other mills. BELLEVILLE, v. in the NE. part of Rockbridge co. Va., 10 m. NE. from Lex ington, and 151 W. from Richmond. 13ELLEVUE, t. and cap. of Eaton co. Mich. BELLEVUE, extensive prairie of La., in the Opelousas. It lies between the waters of the Teche and Vermilion, and those of the Mermentau r. BELLEVILLE, v. Northampton co. Pa., BELLEVUE, v. Jackson co. Iowa, on the Mississippi river. BELLONA, v. Benton ts. Yates co. N. Y. BELLONA SPRINGS, v. Colesville ts. Broome co. N. Y. 196 BEL BER BELMONT, v. Mt. Pleasant ts. Wayne co. Pa. BELMONT, v. Goshcn ts. Belmont co. O., 8 m. SW. from St. Clairsville, and 107 m. E. from Columbus. BELMONT, v. W. part of Iowa co. Wis., SW. from Mineral Point. BELMONT, ts. E. part of Franklin co. N. Y. BELOIT, v. Rock co. Wisconsin. BELVIDERE, v. W. part of Boon co. D., on the stage road from Chicago to Galena in the midst of Squaw prairie, and has a de lightful appearance, and its population is rapidly increasing. BELVURON, v, Claridon ts. Marion co. Ohio, 5 m. E. from Marion. BELMONT, v. Hancock co. Me., 97 m. NE. from Portland. BELMONT, v. Wayne co. Miss., 168 m. from St. Charles. BELMONT, ts. Waldo co. Me., 20 m. W. from Castine^and 34 m. E. by N. from Augusta. It is w'ell watered by the Paasag- gassawakeag r. which rises there in a pond by the same name, and empties at Belfast, about 6 m. north. Pop. 1,378. BELMONT, co. Ohio, having the Ohio r. E. Monroe co. S. Guernsey W. Harri son and Jefferson N. Staples, grain and salted provisions. Chief town, WoodfieM. Pop. in 1830, 2^,412, and in 1840, 30,901. BELPRE, ts. Washington co. Ohio, on the Ohio r. 14 m. SW. from Marietta, 319 from W. C. It is a pleasant town. BELVIDERE, ts. Lamoile co. Vt., on the waters of La Moelle r. 38 m. N. from Mont- pelier. Pop. 207. BELVIDERE, t. and cap. of Warren co. N. J., on the Delaware, at the mouth of Pequest r. 11 m. NNE. from Easton, 54 from Trenton, 208 from W. C. It is a handsome village, and has valuable mills. It contains a court-house, jail, a bank, and several houses of public worship. Pop. about 1,500. Here is a bridge over the Delaware. BENEDICT, t. Charles co. Md., on W. side of the Patuxent ; 68 m. SW. from Bal timore, 48 from W. C. BENNINGTON, co. Vt., forming the SW. angle of that state, having Rutland N. Windsor NE. Windham E. Berkshire in Mass. S. and Washington co. N. Y., W. It is 40 m. in length, with a mean width of 17 m. area 680 sq. ms. ; its features are hilly in general, and in part mountainous. At Mount Anthony there is a cave containing many beautiful petrifactions. Staples, flour, salted provisions, and lumber. Chief town, Bennington. Pop. in 1830, 17,470, and in 1840, 16,872. BENNINGTON, chief town of Benning ton co. Vt., 36 m. NE. from Albany, 36 W. from Bratileborough, 33 N. from PittsfieH, in Mass. It is famous for a victory obtained here, Aug. 16th, 1777, by the troops of the U. S. under Gen. Starke, over a detachment of the British army, or rather Hessians, un der Cols. Bourn and Breyman, which was a prelude to the decisive victory at Saratoga, by which Gen. Burgoyne and all his army submitted to the U. S. army under Gen. Gates. It abounds in iron ore, manganese, ochre, and marble. The streams are nu merous, and afford excellent mill sites. It contains 6 cotton and 3 woollen factories, a very extensive iron foundery, two furnaces, flourishing mills, &e. Pop. 3,429. It lies in Lat. 42 52' N. and Lon. 3 56' E. from W.C. BENNINGTON, v. Mercer co. Pa., on the Shenango, 60 m. NNW. from Pittsburg. BENNINGTON, v. St. Clak co. Ala., 163 m. N. from Cahaba. BENNINGTON, ts. Genesee co. N. Y., 15 m. SW. from Batavia, 256 W. of Albany j post-office of the same. Pop. 2,710. BENNSVILLE, v. Charles co. Md., 8 m. from Piscataway, 23 from W. C. BENNETT'S FLATS, v. Howard ts. Steuben co. N. Y. BENNETSVILLE, t. and cap. of Marl- borough district, S. C., 406 m. SW. from W. C., 106 from Columbia. BENSBOROUGH, v. Pitts co. N. C., 60 m. SE. from Raleigh, 278 from W. C. BENSON, ts. Rutland co. Vt., E. lake Champlain, 62 m. S. from Burlington, 446 from W. C., 84 E. from Montpelier and op posite to Putnam, N. Y. The lake at this place is about a mile wide. Pop. 1,403. BENT CREEK, Buckingham co. Va., 222 m. from W. C. BENTLEYVILLE, v. Halifax co. N. C., 275 m. from W. C. BENTON, t. cap. of Scott co. Mo. BENTON, co. Al., bounded N. by Chero> kee, E. by Geo., S. by Talladega and Ran^ dolph, W. by Al. river. Pop. in 1840, 14,260. BENTON, ts. Yates co. N. Y., on W. side of Seneca lake, 339 m. from W. C., 188 m. W. from Albany. It contains 3 post villages. Pop. 3,91 1. BENTON, t. Scott co. Mis., 165 m. from St. Louis. BENTON, co. Arkansas, bounded N. by Mo., E by Madison, S. by Washington, W. by the Indian Territory. Pop. in 1840, 2,228. BENTLEYSVILLE, v. Somerset ts. Washington co. Pa., 202 m. W. from Har- risburg. BENTON, t. and cap. of Saline co. Ar kansas. BENTON, t. and cap. Yazoo co. Miss., 64 m. W. from Jackson. BENTON, v. Salt Creek t. Holmes co. O., 5 m. NE. from Millersburg. BENTON, co. Ten. ; Pop. in 1840, 4,772. BEREA, v. Middlebury Is. Cuyahoga co. O., on the E. branch of Rock r. 12 m. SW. from Cleveland and Ohio city, 13 due E. from Elyria, 16 N. from Medina, and 125 NE. from Columbus. BERLIN, t. Franklin co. Me., 45 m. NW. from Augusta, 100 m. N. from Port land, and about 40 from Paris. Pop. 442. BER 197 BERLIN, ts. Holms co. O., in the E. part. BERLIN, ts. N. part of Knox co. O., 8 m. N. from Mt. Vernon. BERLIN, ts. in the SW. corner of Trum- bull co. 0., 18 m. SW. from Warren. BERGEN, ts. Genesee co. N. Y., 240 m. W. from Albany, about 16 m. NE. of Bata- via. It contains 3 post-villages, North Ber gen, Bergen Corners, and Stone Church. Pop. 1,832. E^RGEN, co. N. J., bounded NNE. by New York, E. by the Hudson, S. by Hudson, and W. by Passaic co. Pop. 13,223. Chief town, Hackensack. BERGEN, v. Bergen co. N. J., near the mouth of the Hudson, 3 m. W. from N. Y., 88 NE. from Philadelphia. It contains about 40 houses. BERKLEY, ts. Bristol co. Mass., 5 m. SE. from Taunton, 36 S. from Boston, 484 from W. C. Some ship-building is carried on in this place, and some vessels are engaged in the coasting business. Pop. 886. BERKLEY, or Sandtown, v. Gloucester co. N. J., 14 m. from Philadelphia. It con tains about 20 dwellings, an Episcopal church and several stores. BERKLEY, co. Va., bounded N. by the Potomac, E. by Jefferson co., S. by Frede rick co., and W. by Hampshire co. Pop. in 1830, 10,528; and in 1840, 10,972. Chief town, Martinsburg. BERKLEY SPRINGS, t. Berkley co. Va., 110m. from W.C. These springs are near the town of Bath. The waters are useful to per sons laboring under the jaundice, or affec tions of the liver. They are finely situated, and much resorted to by gay and fashiona ble people, as well as by invalids. BERKLEY SOUND, NW. coast of Ame rica, 70 m. SE. from Nootka Sound. BERKS, co. Pa., on the Schuylkill. Pop. in 1830, 53,357, and in 1840, 64,569. This is one of the most fertile counties in Pa. Chief town, Reading, bounded N. by Lehigh and Schuylkill, E. by Montgomery, S. by- Chester and Lancaster, and W. by Lebanon counties. BERKSHIRE, ts. Franklin co. Vt., on the Missisque r., 39 m. N. from Burlington, 50 NW. from Montpelier, 22 NE. from St. Al- bans. Pike river, from Canada, affords this town a great water power. Pop. 1,818. BERKSHIRE, co. Mass., the W. part of the state. Chief town, Lenox. It is crossed from N. to S. by the Green mountains. Quarries of marble are opened in Stock- bridge, SheffielJ, Lanesborough and other places. Population in 1830, 37,825, and in 1840,41,745. BERKSHIRE, ts.Tioga co. N. Y., 150m. SW. from Albany, 40 m. NE. from Elmira, and 14 m. N. of Owego. The village of the same name contains several stores and about 30 houses. BERKSHIRE, ts. Delaware co. Ohio, 10 m. E. from Delaware, 23 N. from Columbus. BERKSHIRE VALLEY, v. Morris co. N. J., 12 m. NW. from Morristown, 237 from W. C., and 71 from Trenton. A wild and rocky spot, through which runs a branch of the Rockaway river, giving motion to several forges, &c. BERLIN, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 14 m. NNE. from Worcester, 31 W. from Boston, 15 NNE. from Worcester, and 7 SE. from Lancaster. A branch of the Assabet af fords it good water privileges. Large quan tities of hops are produced here. Pop. 763. BERLIN, ts. Washington co. Vt., 3-m. SSW. from Montpelier; watered by Onion and Dog rivers. Stevens branch and a num ber of ponds, furnishing good mill sites and excellent fishing. There is a mineral spring here of little note. Pop. 1,578. BERLIN, ts. Hartford co. Ct., 11 m. S. from Hartford, 23 N. from New Haven, on the turnpike road between these two cities. It is divided into three parishes, Worthing ton, Kensington, and New Britain. Popu lation, 3,411. Worthington is the principal seat of the manufacture of tin ware, which is carried on by pedlars to a very great ex tent. The pedlars set off in autumn in wag gons loaded with the tin ware, together with other articles of merchandise, and proceed chiefly to the southern and western states. Workmen are also sent out by water with a sufficient quantity of the raw materials to employ them during the winter, and estab lish themselves in different towns in the in terior. To them the pedlar resorts, when his stock is exhausted, for a fresh supply. In this way a large amount of goods is sold du ring the six or eight months that they are absent, and their tin ware is thus distributed in all parts of the United States. BERLIN, t. Adams co. Pa., 13 m. W. from York, 100 W. from Philadelphia, 89 from W. C. BERLIN, t. Somerset co. Pa., 30 m. WSW. from Bedford, 240 W. from Phila delphia, 194 from W. C. BERLIN, ts. Rensselaer co. N. Y., 20 m. E. from Albany. It contains two post-vil lages, Berlin and Berlin Centre. The former containing about 60 houses, and the latter 25. Pop. 1,794. BERLIN, v. Berlin ts. Holmes co. O., 89 m. from Columbus, on the road between Millersburg and New Philadelphia, contains several stores, taverns, &c., and about 50 dwellings. BERLIN, v., Sangemon co. II., 17 m. W. from Springfield, on the main road to Jack sonville. BERLINVILLE, v. Northampton co. Pa., 207 m. from W. C., and 99 from Har- risburg. BERMUDA HUNDRED, small settle ment on a point of land between the junc tion of the Appomatox with James river, 2 w. N. from City Point, 22 by land and upwards of 50 by the river ESE. from Richmond. BERMUDAS, or Somers* Islands, a clus ter of small islands in the Atlantic Ocean, in number about 400, but for the most part so 198 BER-BET small and barren, that they have neither in habitants nor name. 200 leagues distant from Cape Halteras in N. Carolina, which last is the nearest land to them. They ex tend from NE. to SW. about 45 m. Their whole coast is surrounded with rocks. The N. point of the islands lies in Lat. 32 34' N. Lon. 63 28' W. The largest of these islands are St. George, which is 4 or 5 m. long and 2 broad ; St. David, Cooper, Ire land, Somerset, Long Island, Bird Island, und Nonesuch. On the first there is a town, containing about 300 houses. The winter is hardly perceptible here. The fields and trees are clad in perpetual green, and so sa lubrious is the air, that invalids frequently come hither for the recovery of their health. The Bermudas contain from 10,000 to 12,000 acres of poor land, of which nine parts in ten are either uncultivated, or reserved in woods for the supplying of timber for building small ships, sloops, and shallops for sale ; this being the principal employment of the inhabitants. Pop. estimated at 10,381 ; 5,462 of whom are whites, and 4,919 are blacks. They have two harvests of Indian corn in the year, one in July, the other in December. They like wise cultivate tobacco, legumes, and fruit sufficient for their wants. BERMUDIAN, v. York co.Pa., 48 m. S. from Harrisburg. BERNE, pts. Albany co. N. Y., 20 m. W. from Albany, 397 from W. C. This town ship contains 5 houses for public worship, and two small villages, Berneville and Me- chanicsville. BERNARDSTON, ts. Franklin co. Mass., 7 m. N. from Greenfield, 96 WNW. from Boston, 413 from W. C. Here is a quarry of marble, and springs, containing magnesia, sulphur and iron. Bald and West mountains afford delightful scenery ; the former is 630 feet above the waters of the Connecticut. Pop. 992. BERNARDSTOWN, t. Somerset co. N. J., Pop. 1,879. BERNADOTTE, t. Fulton co. II., on Spoon r., 12 m. SW. from Lewistown. BERNARD, ts. Somerset co. N. J., cen trally 7 m. NE. from Somerville. BERNER'S BAY, on the NW. coast of America, between Point Bridget and Point St. Mary. Lat. 58 43*' N. BERNVILLE, v. Lower Burne ts. Berks co. Pa., 14 m. NW. from Heading. BERRIEN, the SW. co. of Mich., bound ed N. by Van Buren, E. by Van Buren and Cass co., S. by the state of Indiana, W. and NW. by lake Michigan. The county town is Berrien, 174 m. from Detroit. Population in 1830, 325; in 1840, 5,011. BERRIEN, t. and cap. Dooley co. Geo., 97 m. SSW. from Milledgeville, and 739 from W. C. BERRY-HILL-BLUFF, v. Putnam co. Georgia. BERRYSBURG, v. Dauphin co. Pa., 28 m. from Harrisburg. BERRY'S FERRY, over the Shenandoah and t. Frederick co. Va., on the road from Leesburg to Winchester, 58 m. W. from W. C. BERRY'S LICK, v. Logan co. Ken., 745 m. from W. C. BERRYSVILLE, v. Charles co. Md. BERRYSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C., 460 m. from W. C. BERTHIER, v. and seigniory, Warwick co. L. Canada, on the N. shore cf the St. Lawrence, 46 m. NE. from Montreal, 50 SW. from Three Rivers. The village con tains at least 80 houses, and many granaries, and store-houses of British manufactured goods. The neighboring country is thriving and populous, and from it large quantities of grain are annually exported. BERTHIER, seigniory, Hertford co. L.C., on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 25 m. E- from Quebec. BERTIE, t. Lincoln co. U. C., on lake Erie, at its eastern extremity, having Niag ara r. on the east. BERTIE, co. N. C., on the Roanoke, at its entrance into Albemarle Sound. Pop. 12,276. Chief town, Windsor. BERWICK, t. York co. Maine, on Salmon Fall r. 16 m. NW. from Portsmouth, 14 m. SSW. from Alfred, 45 SW. from Portland, and 98 SW. from Augusta. Pop. 1,698. The village extends about 2 m. along the r. and carries on a considerable trade, chiefly in lumber. Berwick has an academy. BERWICK, v. Columbia co. Pa., on the E. branch of the Susquehannah, opposite the falls in Nescopeck creek, 22 m. above Sun- bury. It is a place of some trade. BESBOROUGH ISLAND, in Norton Sound, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 63 10' N. BETHABARA, t. Stokes co. N. C., 4 m. SE. from Bethania ; remarkable for being the first settlement of the Moravians in that section of the U. S.; begun in 1753. BETHANIA, or Bethany, t. Stokes co. N. C., 4 m. NW. from Bethabara, 9 NW. from Salem, 10 SW. from Germantown, and 368 from W. C. It is a Moravian town. BETHANY, v. Brooke co. Va., 8 m. E. from Wellsburg. BETHANY, set. Sangemon co. II., 21 m* SE. from Springfield, on the road to Shelby- ville, and is increasing in population. BETHANY, pts. Genesee co. N. Y., 397 m. from W. C., 241 m. W. of Albany. It contains three villages, Bethany, E. Bethany, and Linden. Pop.^ 2,286. BETHANY, t. and cap. Wayne co. Pa., 50 m. NE. from Wilkesbarre, 279 from W. C., 162 m. from Harrisburg. It contains a court-house, jail, and about 100 houses. BETHANY CHURCH, t. Iredell co. N. C., 170 m. W. from Raleigh. BETHEL, ts. Oxford co. Maine, 18 m. NW. from Paris, 170 NNE. from Boston, 593 from W. C. Pop. 2,000. BETHEL, ts. Windsor co. Vt., 29 in. NNW. from Windsor, and 31 m. S. by W. from Montpelier. It is watered by brunches BET BID 199 of White river, and possesses good mill sites. Soap stone is found here in great quantities, and of ffood quality ; much of it is sawed and transported. Garnet in small but perfect crystals, is also common. Pop. 1,886. BETHEL, pts. Sullivan co. N. Y., 60 m. W. from Newburgh, 307 from W. C., 135 m. from N. Y., 121 from Albany. Population, 1,483. BETHEL', v. Fairfield co. Ct., 20 m. NW. from Stratford, 26 a little N. of W. from New Haven. It is a pleasant and flourishing vil lage, containing about 50 dwellings and 30 workshops, or factories, in which are manu factured large quantities of hats and combs. BETHEL, set. St. Clair co. II., 10 m. N. from Belleville. BETHEL, v. Gorham ts. Ontario co. N.Y., 10 m. SW. from Canandaigua. BETHEL, v. Morgan co. II., 12 m. W. from Jacksonville. BETHEL, v. Clermont co. Ohio, 100 m. from Columbus, 30 from Cincinnati, 10 m. from the Ohio river, and 12 from Batavia ; it is a flourishing place, and contains several churches, 30 mechanic shops, &c. &c. Pop ulation estimated at about 900. BETHLEHEM, ts. Grafton co. N. H., 69 m. N. from Concord. It is watered by Great Ammonoosuck river. Here is plenty of pine and sugar maple timber. Iron ore, both of the mountain and bog kind, has been found. Two mineral springs have been discovered. Pop. 779. BETHLEHEM, pts. Albany co. N. Y., on the Hudson, 8 m. below Albany. It has advantageous water power, which is improved to a considerable extent. There is one mill for the preparation of dye stuffs, at which is prepared 5,000 barrels annually, and em ploys a capital of $25,000. The ts. has two small villages, Rensselaer's Mills and Bethlehem Centre. Pop. 3,238. BETHLEHEM, v. Northampton co. Pa., on the Lehigh, 12 m. SW. from Eaton, 53 N. from Philadelphia. It is a settlement of the Moravians or United Brethren. The situation is healthful and pleasant, and in summer is frequented by travellers from various places. There are two boarding schools, one for young ladies, and the other for boys, which are in high repute, and re ceive many scholars from New York, Phila delphia, and other parts of the United States. BETHLEHEM, v. Oglethorpe co. Geo., 65 m. NN"E. from Milledgeville. BETHLEHEM, v. Clarke co. In., 100 m. S. from Indianapolis. BETHLEHEM'S CREEK, or Vlaman's kill, N. Y., runs into the Hudson, 7 m. below Albany. BETHLEHEM-CROSS-ROADS, v. South ampton co. Va. BETHLEHEM, v. Bethlehem ts. Stark co. O., on the Ohio canal, 10 m. SE. from Canton. Pop. about 400. BETHLEM, ts. Litchfield co. Ct., 9 m. S. from Litchfiell, 32 NNW. from New Huven. The town is watered by Pompe- rang river, a branch of the Housatonick. Pop. 776. BETHSAIDA, v. Jones co. Geo., 25 m. W. from Milledgeville. BETTSBURG, v. in Jerusalem, Chcnan- go co. N. Y., 307 m. from W. C. BETT'S CORNERS, v. Lysander ts. Onondaga co. N. Y., 21 m. NW. from Syra cuse. BEVERLY, ts. and s-p. Essex co. Mass., H m. N. from Salem, 16 NNE. from Boston, 453 from W. C. It is connected with Salem by a bridge 1,500 feet in length. It con tains several meeting-houses, a bank, and an insurance office. It is a place of con siderable trade, and is largely concerned in the fisheries, which amount annually to about $100,000. The manufactures con- sisting of britannia ware^tin, cabinet wares, chairs, boots, shoes, &c., amount annually to about $120,000. Pop. 4,689. BEVERLY, t. and cap. Randolph co. Va., 50 m. W. byN. from Franklin, 280 WNW. from Richmond, 129 from W. C. It ia handsomely situated between two branches of Tygart's Valley r. and is laid out in 3 parallel streets. It contains a brick court house, a jail, and is a place of considerable business. BEVERLY, t. York co. U.C., SW. from York. BEVIL, v. Texas, on Neches river, at the month of Angelina river. BEUF RIVER, r. of N. A., which runs into the Mississippi. Lon. 91 34' W. Lat. 39 15' N. BEUF RIVER, r. of N. A., which runs into the Missouri. Lon. 91 45' W. Lat. 38 25' N. BEULA, small t. Cambria co. Pa., planted chiefly by emigrants from Wales, (G. B.) about 60 m. E. from Pittsburg, 133 from Harrisburg, and 180 from W. C. BIBB, co. Ala., bounded N. by Shelby, E. by Coosa r., S. by Autauga and Perry, and W. by Tuscaloosa. Cahabar. passes through this county, and the 33 N. Lat. and 10 of Lon. W. from W. C. intersect in its western part. Pop. in 1830, 6,306, in 1840, 8,284. Chief town, Centreville. BIBB, a central co. Geo., bounded NE. by Jones, SE. by Twiggs, S. by Houston, SW. by Crawford, and NW. by Monroe. Pop. in 1830, 7,154, in 1840, 9,802. Macon is the chief town. BIG, seigniory, Cornwallis co. L. C., on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 153 m. below Quebec. BICHE MARIAS A LA, empties itself into lake Ontario, at the NE. part of the t of Grantham, U. C. BICKLEY'S STORE, t. Abbeville dis trict, S. C., 100 m. W. from Columbus. BIDDEFORD, t. and s-p. York co. Maine, near the mouth of the Saco, on W. side opposite Saco, 27 rn. NE. from York, 105 NE. from Boston. Pop. 2,574. BIDDLE, lake, one of the sources of Bighorn r. Is laid down on Mellish's map j 200 BIE BIM it is at 42 40' N. Lat. Lon. 32 40' W. from W. C. BIENVENU, a bayou in the parish of Orleans, Lou., running E. into lake Borgne. By this channel the British army reached the Mississippi in Dec., 1814, when march ing upon New Orleans. ^BIEKA, or Craft, one of the Virgin Islands, 9 m. ESE. from Porto Rico. Lon. 65 15' W. Lat. 18 N. B1GBLACK, r. Mississippi, runs SW. 170 m. and falls into the Mississippi at the Great Gulf, 50 m. above Natchez. It is navigable in wet seasons 70 m. BIGBLUE, r. Indiana, runs into the Ohio, about 16 m. W. from Cory don. BIGBONE CREEK, Ken., runs N. into the Ohio, 40 m. below Cincinnati. Bigbone Licks is 8 m. above its mouth, and is a tract of land on each side of the r., furrowed by the tongues of the buffaloes and deer, who lick it for the salt with which it is impreg nated. It receives its name from the bones of some enormous animal which were found here. BIG CREEK, a branch of the Loosa Hatchie r. Shelby co. Ten. BIGDRY, r. N. A., which runs into the Missouri, 25 m. from Bigdry Creek. BIGDRY CREEK, r. N. A., which runs into the Missouri, 150 m. W. of the Yellow stone. BIG EDDY, r. Ken., which runs into the Cumberland. BIG FLAT, pts. Chemung co. N. Y., 207 m. SW. from Albany, 10 m. NW. of Elmira, and 45 W. from Owego ; the navi gable feeder of the Chemung canal passes through centrally. Pop. 1,375. BIG HACHY, r. Ten. and Mis., rises in the latter, and flowing NW. enters Hender son and Madison cos. in the former ; gradu ally turns W. and falls into the Mississippi r., Lat 35 30' N. BIGHORN, r. N. A., rises in the Rocky mountains, near the sources of the Platte, and falls into the Yellowstone at Manuel's fort. Its length is 800 m. In its course it receives two considerable rivers, one from the W. and one from the S. called Little Bighorn r. It is unobstructed by falls, and is navigable to a great distance in canoes, through a rich open country. BIGHORN, Little, r. N. A., E. branch of the Bisrhorn. BIG LICK, v. Gallatin co. Ken., 43 m. from Frankfort, and 551 from W. C. BIG LICK, v. Botetourt co. Va., 266 m. from W. C., 173 m. from Richmond. BIG MUDDY CREEK, II., has four prin cipal heads, which rising in Washington, Jefferson, and Hamilton cos., and uniting in Jackson co., form the main stream. It is navigable some distance above Browns ville. BIG PRAIRIE, v. near Wooster, Wayne CO. Ohio, 80 m. NE. from Columbus. BIGBYVILLE, v. Maury co. Tenn., 7 m. S. from Columbus. BIG DARLEY, v. Pickawayco. Ohio, 13 m. SW. from Columbus. BIG BOTTOM, set. in the NW. corner of Alexander co. II. BIG GROVE, set. about the centre of Champaign co. II., on a branch of Salt Fork of the Vermilion river. The country is most delightful, the prairie is elevated, dry and of a rich soil ; the water is good, and the country very healthy and increasing in population very fast. BIG ISLAND, v. in Big Island ts. Mari on co. O., 5 m. W. from Marion, and 15m. S. of Upper Sandusky. It is a small village of about 30 houses. BIGRIVER MILLS, v. St. Francis co. Miso., 90 m. from St. Charles, and 922 from W. C. BIG SANDY, creek, Geo., runs into the Oconee, about 20 m. above Dublin. BIG SANDY, r. rises in the Alleghan? mountains, near the heads of the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, and falls into the Ohio r. between Virginia and Kentucky. It is the boundary between these states for nearly 200 m. It is navigable to the Was- cioto mountains. The east branch joins the south or main stream 40 m. above its en trance into the Ohio. The mouth of Little Sandy river is 20 m. below that of Big Sandy. BIG SCIOUX, r. falls into the Missouri from the N. 882 m. above its mouth. BIG-SPRINGS, v. Washington co. Md., 86 m. from W. C. BIG-SUGAR CREEK, v. Crawford co. Pa., 328 m. from W. C. BIG-SWAMP, t. Montgomery co. Alab., 50 m. E. from Cahawba. BIG WALNUT CREEK, large easterly branch of Scioto river, rises in the NE. angle of Delaware co. Ohio. Its course is nearly S. 50 m. through Delaware, across Franklin, into the N. border of Pickaway co. where it joins the Scioto. BILL-BIRD'S KEY, isl. in the Spanish Main, on the Musquito Shore. Lon. 82 54' W. Lat. 12 19' N. BILLERICA, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 19 m. NNW. from Boston, 456 from W. C. It is watered by the Concord and Shawsheen rivers, and is a pleasant and considerable town. The Middlesex canal, and the Bos ton and Lowell rail-road pass through the easterly part of the town. Here are some manufactures of woollen cloth, shaving and splitting knives, &c. Pop. 1,632. BILLINGSPORT, v. N. J.,on the r. Dela ware, about 12 m. below Philadelphia. Here was a fortification during the war of Independence, which defended the channel of the river, until captured after an obstinate defence. B.ILLUPS, v. Dinwiddie co. Va., 156 m. from W. C. BIMINI, one of the Bahama islands, near the channel of Bahama, 8 m. in length, an.l as much in breadth. It is very woody, ami difficult of access on account of the shoals, BIN BLA 201 but it is a very pleasant place, and inhabited by the native Americans. Lat. 25 0' N. BINBROOK, t. in Lincoln co. U. C., be tween SaltQeet, Glandford and Caistor. BINGHA.M, ts. Somerset co. Me. ; 25 m. N. Nonidgewock, 118 m. NiVE. from Port land, and 55 N. from Augusta. Pop. 751. BINGHAMPTON, v. and cap. Broome co. in the township of Chenango, N. Y,, at the junction of the Chenango and Susque, 40 m. SW. Norwich, 148 SVV. Albany, 295 from W. C. It is a nourishing village, and contains a court-house, jail, bank, 2 printing- offices issuing weekly journals, a furnace for castings, 3 large saw mills, and several churches, &c. &c. Pop. about 2,500. BINSBY MOUNTAINS, range of moun tains in N. C. BIRCH BAY, on the NW. coast of Ame rica, in the Gulf of Georgia. Lon. 237 33' E. Lat 48 53' N. BIRD, small island, or rather rock in the head of Niagara river, between the har bor of Buffalo and Fort Erie. BIRDSBOROUGH, t. Berks co. Pa., on SW. side of the Schuylkill; 8 m. SE. Read ing. BIRDSTOWN, v. Cape Girardeau co. Miso., 939 m. fromW. C. BIRDSVILLE, v. Burke co. Geo., 71 m. E. of Milledgeville, and 625 from W. C. BIRDSALL, pts. Alleghany co. N. Y., 9 m. NE. from Angelica, 245 m. from Albany. Pop. 500. BIRMINGHAM, boro. Alleghany co. Pa., about a mile above Pittsburg, on the oppo site side of the Monongahela r. It is a thriv ing town, contains a number of spacious and elegant houses, and extensive manufac tures. It is a suburb of Pittsburg. BIRMINGHAM, v. Burlington co. N. J., on Rancocas cr., 4 m. SE. from Mount Holly, contains a cotton manufactory, a grist mill, saw mill, filling mill, and a cupola furnace. BIRMINGHAM, v. Huron co. O., on the Vermillion river, 15 m. from Norwalk. BIRMINGHAM, v. Coshocton co. O., on the Ohio canal, 9 m. E. from Coshocton. BIRMINGHAM, v. Clinton co. N. Y., 2 and a half m. below Keeseville. BIRMINGHAM, v. Huntingdon co. Pa., on the Little Juniatta; 18m. N W.Hunting don. BISCAY, New, a name given by the Span iards to a part of the W. coast of Mexico ; now incorporated with the intendency of Sonora, Durango, and Guadalaxara. BISCAY, Bay of, on the S. coast of New foundland, between Cape Race and Cape Pine. Lon. 53 6' W. Lat. 46 50' N. BISCAYNO, id. in the Gulf of Florida. Lon. 80 23' W. Lat. 25 55' N. BISHOPSVILLE, v. Sumpter district, S. C. ; 60 m. SE. of Columbia, and 458 from W. C. BISTINEAU, lake, in W.'part of the state of Louisiana, 30 or 40 m. in length. It communicates with Red river on the S. and the Dacheet flows into its N. end. A 1 BLACK BAY, in the Chesapeake, on the coast of Virginia. BLACK BAY, on the N. shore of lake Superior, lies a little E. of Isle de Minatte, and W. of Shanguenac, U. C. BLACK CREEK, Lincoln co. U. C., dis charges itself into the river Niagara, in the t. of Willoughby, some m. above Chippewa. BLACK CREEK, r. Geo., which runs into the Savannah. BLACK CREEK, r. S. C., which runs into the Pedee. BLACK CREEK, r. Va., which runs into York river. BLACKBURN SPRINGS, v. Johnson co. Tenn. BLACK CREEK, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. BLACKFORD, t. Posey co. Ind., about 35 m. S. by W. from Princeton. BLACK HAWK, v. Louisa co. Iowa. BLACKLYVILLE, v. Plain ts. Wayne co. O., 8 m. from Wooster. BLACK RIVER, ts. Lorain co. O., on lake Erie, at the mouth' of the river of the same name, 27 m. W. from Cleveland. BLACKSVILLE, v. on the line dividing Monongalia co. Va., and Green co. Pa. BLACKWELLS, v. Somerset co. N. J., 6 and a half m. S. from Somerville. BLACK HEATH, r. Monroe co. IL, 110 m. SW. from Vandalia. BLACK HORSE TAVERN, v. Chester co. Pa. BLACK LAKE RIVER, r. Louisiana, which rises in highlands in NW. part of the state, pursues a S. course, passes through Black Lake, which is 15 or 20 m. in length, and joins the Saline 8 NE. Natchitoches, to form the Rigolet de Bon Dieu. BLACK LAKE, or Oswegatchie Lake, lake, in St. Lawrence co.. N. Y., 20 m. long, and 2 broad ; S. of Ogdensburg, It is nearly parallel to the St. Lawrence, about 4 m. distant. It communicates with the Oswe gatchie by an outlet 3 or 4 m. long. BLACK LICK, r. Ohio, which joins Big Walnut river, 10 m. SE. Columbus. BLACK MOUNTAIN, mt. N. H., in Peeling and Lincoln ; NE. of Moosehillock. BLACK RIVER, r. Vt., which rises ia Plymouth, passes Luulow, Cavendish and Weathersfleld, and falls into the Connecticut at Springfield. This river passes through many natural ponds, and affords a great number of mill sites. BLACK RIVER, r. S. C., rises in Kcn- shaw, and flowing SE. crosses Williamsburg, into Georgetown district, and falls into Winyaw Bay at Georgetown. BLACK RIVER, r. N. Y., which after a NW. course of 120 m. flows into Hungary Bay, in lake Ontario, N. of Sacket's Harbor. It has a passage under ground nearly a mile, at a distance of a few miles from its mouth. BLACK RIVER, r. N. C., which runs SSE. into Cape Fear river, 23 m. above Wilmington. BLACK RIVER, Big, r. Mis., which rises between the head waters of the Yazoo 202 BAL and Pearl river, and pursuing a SW. course of about 170 m. flows into the Mississippi above the Grand Gulf. Lat. 32 2' N. BL\CK RIVER, r. Ohio, which runs into lake Erie, 27 m. W. of the Cuyahoga. BLACK RIVER, Mich., runs W. into lake Michigan, N. of the river St. Joseph's. BLACK RIVER, Lou., formed by the junction of the Ocatahoola, Washitau, and Tensaw, flows S. by a very circuitous chan nel of 40 m. and falls into Red river 30 m. above its mouth. BLACK RIVER, Miso., rises near the sources of the Merrimack and the Gasco nade, and running in a southerly direction is joined by Current, Thomas, Spring, and Strawberry, large rivers from the west, after which it flows into Arkansas and unites with the White river 50 m. below the town of Lawrence. It is navigable more than 100 m. for large boats. It flows through a very fertile country. BLACK ROCK, v. Erie co. N. ., on the Niagara, 3 m. below Buifalo. It is the station for the steamboats and other vessels employed in the navigation of lake Erie, and the lakes above, and a place of considerable trade. A mole is now constructed for the purpose of forming a harbor in the river opposite to this village. It extends from Bird Island in lake Erie to Squaw Island below the Rapids in Niagara river, and thence to the U. States shore, thus forming a harbor of 2 m. in length and of the capa city of 200 acres, opening at one end into the lake by a mouth 20 rods wide, and at the other connected with the Erie canal which is supplied from it with water. The first pier, which was sunk on 7th Sept., 1822, is 50 feet long, 18 wide, and 14 high, com posed of a strons: frame of white-oak tim ber, filled with 600 or 700 tons of stone. By the construction of these works a large harbor in addition to that of Buffalo has been gained for the immensely increasing trade of the Erie canal, also a vast water power has been acquired, on which are ex tensive manufacturing establishments. There is a railroad from this place to Buffalo. Pop. 3,625. BLACK ROCK, v. Oneida co. N. Y., on the N. shore of Oneida lake. BLACK ROCK, small harbor, Fairfield co. Ct., W. of Bridgeport. BLACKSTONE, a river rising near Wor cester, Mass., and flowing into Narraganset Bay near Providence. Along the valley of this river is the Blackstone canal extending from Worcester to Providence, 45 m. It contains 48 locks built of hammered stone, and is 34 feet wide at the surface, and 4 feet deep. It was built at a cost of $600,- 000, and finished in 1828. The navigation upon it is flourishing : the produce of the interior of Massachusetts finds by its means a ready market in the commercial city of Providence. BLACK STOCKS, v. Chester district, S. C., 470 m. from W. C. BLACK SWAMP, v. in St. Peter's Parish, S. C., 644 m. from W. C. BLACK WALNUT, v. Halifax co. Va., 100 m. SW. Richmond ; 258 m. from W. C. BLACK WARRIOR, r. Ala. It is the principal eastern branch of the Tombigbee, and joins the main river 80 m. above St. Stephen's, and is navigable 60 or 70 m. It rises not far south of the river Tennessee. BLACKBURN SPRINGS, v. Johnson co. Tenn. BLACKFORD, t. Posey co. Indiana, about 35 m. S. by W. from Princeton. BLACKFORD, co. In., bounded N. by Wells, E. by Jay, S. by Delaware, and W. by Grant. Pop. 1,226. BLACKSBURG, v. Montgomery co. Va., 217 m. SW. Richmond. BLACKSBURG and BLACKSVILLE, 2 towns on the river Alabama, in Monroe co* Alab. BLACKSTOCK'S HILL, eminence in S. C., near the river Tyger. In 1780, an ac tion was fought here between the British under General Tarleton, and the Americans under General Sumpter, in which the former were defeated. BLACKWATER, r. N. H., which flows into the Contoocook, in NE. part of Hopkin- ton. BLACKWATER, r. Va., which joins the Nottoway, to form the Chowan. BLACKWATER, r. Va., which runs into the sea, at Black Bay, Lon. 76 10' W. Lat. 36 30' N. BLACKWATER, r. Md., which runs into the Chesapeake. BLACKWOODTOWN, v. Gloucester co. N. J., 5 m. SE. from Woodbury, and llm. from Camden. It contains a Presbyterian and Methodist church, and an extensive woollen manufactory. BLADEN, a county in the S. part of North Carolina, bordering on the maritime county of Brunswick. It is intersected by Cape Fear river. Pop. in 1830, 7,801, and in 1840, 3,413. Elizabethtown, 98 m. S. of Raleigh, is the chief town. BLADENSBURG, a town of Maryland, in George county, on the E. side of the Poto mac, 9 m. from its mouth, at Washington, and 38 SW. of Baltimore. The American army sustained a defeat by the British at this place, on the 24th of August, 1814, in attempting to arrest the progress of the British towards Washington. BLACKSBURG, v. on the left bank of Alabama r. 60 m. NE. from St. Stephens, and 55 SW. from Cahaba. BLACKWATER, creek, Pickaway co. Ohio, running westerly into Sciolo river, about llm. below Circleville. BLACKWATER, r. Michigan, which runs into lake Michigan, 20 m. N. of the St. Joseph's. It is 60 m. in length, and naviga ble in canoes nearly to its source. BLAIR'S FERRY, t. Roane co. Ten., near Kingston, and 160 m. E. from Mur- freesborough. BLA BLO 203 BLAIR'S GAP, t. in the western part of Huntingdon co. Pa., 120 m. W. from Harris- burg. BLAIRSVILLE, bor. Indiana co. Pa., 161 m. W. of Harrisburg, 189 from W. C. on Conemaugh creek, in the S. part of the co. It contains several line houses, stores, mechanic shops, &c. &c., and is a place of considerable trade. Population, 1,- 200. BLAIRSVILLE, v. York district, S. C., 450 m. from W. C. BLAIRSVILLE, t. and cap. of Union co. Geo., near the north boundary of the state. It contains a church, court-house, and jail, and about 30 houses. BLAIZE, Cape, W. Florida, between the bays of Apalache and St. Joseph. BLAKELY, t. and cap. Baldwin co. Ala., on the Tensaw or eastern outlet of Mobile r. 10 m. from Mobile bay, and 15 ENE. from the town of Mobile. Lat. 30 43' N. Its site is an elegant and pleasant spot, well supplied with good water. It is also well situated for commerce ; vessels drawing 1 1 feet of water can enter the port at full tide, and the same wind that enables a vessel to enter Mobile bay will carry her to the wharves of Blakely. It is also connected by a good road with the rapidly improving country on the Alabama. The settlements commenced in 1817. It contains the usual county buildings, several churches, and mercantile houses, and is a flourishing busi ness place. BLAKELY, t. and cap. of Early co. Geo., 227 m. SW. from Milledgeville, and 869 from W. C. BLAKESBURG, v. Putnam co. Ind., 12 m. from Greencaslle. BLANCO, cape of N. America, on the coast of the Pacific ocean. Lat. 43 23' N. Lon. 47 W. from W. C. BLANDFORD, t. Oxford co. U. C., on the Thames. BLANDFORD, t. Prince George co. Va., on S. side of the Appomatox, bordering on Petersburg, and included within the borough of Petersburg. BLANDFORD, ts. Hampden co. Mass., 16 m. W. from Springfield, 116 WSW. from Boston, and 381 from W. C. Branches of Westfield river rise in this town and give it a good water power. The manufactures of the place consist of woollen cloth, paper and leather, amounting annually to about $50,500. Pop. 1,427. BLANNERH ASSET'S ISLAND, isl. in the Ohio, opposite Belpre ; 13 m. below Marietta. It is a beautiful and fertile isl and, containing about 300 acres. It is so named from a Mr. Blannerhasset, an Irish gentleman of larsre fortune, who having, with his family, left Ireland in 1801, pur chased and removed to this island, where he reared a costly and splendid edifice for his dwelline-house. A considerable part of the island was laid out in gardens after the most approved models of European taste, and the whole scenery combined, seemed like the fabled fields of Elysium. But the house was most unfortunately burnt down in Dec., 1810, and shortly afterwards, the garden was totally destroyed, and few or no vestiges now remain of its transient splendor and magnificence. BLAS, SAN, a seaport town of Mexico, on an island at the mouth of the Rio Grande, or Santiago r. which falls into the Pacific ocean in~Lat. 21 30' N. and 104 46' W. Lon. BLEDSOE, co. bounded N. by White, E. by Rhea, S. by Hamilton, and W. by Warren cos. It is situated among the Cumberland mountains, in the central part of the state, and the surface broken, but contains much good land. Pop. in 1830, 4,648, and in 1840, 5,676. Chief town, Pikeville. BLENHEIM, ts. Schoharie co. N. Y., 47 m. SW. from Albany, 25 m. S. of Schoharie. Pop. 2,725. BLENHEIM, t. in the W. Riding of the co. of York, lies to the northward of Dun- das-street, opposite Benford, U. C. BLEEKER, ts. N. part of Montgomery co. N. Y., centrally 13 m. N.. from Johns town, 53 m. NW. from Albany. Pop. 335, BLENDON, t. N. part of Franklin co, 0., 11 m. NE. from Columbus. BLEURIE, Seigniory, Bedford co. L. C., on the r. Sorel, 25 m. SE. from Mon treal. BLIGH'S ISLAND, off the NW. coast of America, in Prince William's sound. Lon, 213 43' E. Lat. 60 52' N. BLINKLEYSVILLE, t. Halifax co. N. C., 89 m. from Richmond, and 243 m. from W. C. BLOCK ISLAND, off the coast of Rhode Island, 24 m. SSW. from Newport, 21 E. by N. from Montauk point on Long Island. It constitutes the town of New Shoreham, in Newport co. It is about 7 m. long, and 4 broad. Pop. 955. Lon. 71 30' W. Lat. 41 8' N. BLOCKLEY, ts. Philadelphia co. Pa., o W. side of the Schuylkill ; 3 m. W. from Philadelphia. BLOOD'S CORNERS, v. Conhocton ts. Steuben co. N. Y., 20 m. NW. from Bath. BLOODY-RUN, t. Bedford co. Pa., 96 m. from Harrisburg, and 118 from W. C. [t is 8 m. E. of Bedford, the co. town. BLOOM, t. Scioto co. 16 m. E. of Ports- mouth, Ohio. BLOOM, t. Seneca co. 0., 90 m. N. from Columbus. BLOOMFIELD, ts. Somerset co. Maine, on W. side of the Kennebeck, opposite Canaan, 5 m. E. from Norridgewock. It is a considerable town, and contains an aca demy. Pop. 1,093. BLOOMFIELD, t. Essex co. N. J., 5 m. NW. from Newark. It is a pleasant village, and contains an academy, boarding school, several large common schools ; a very exten sive trade is carried on here in tanning, currying, and shoe-making, and the follow- 204 BLO BLU ing manufactories are annexed to the town, 2 woollen, 1 cotton, 1 rolling-mill, 1 calico printing, 1 paper mill, 2 saw and one grist mill. BLOOMFIELD, v. Loudon co. Va. BLOOMFIELD, v. Nelson co. Ken. BLOOMFIELD, v. Pickaway co. Ohio, 8 m. N. from Circleville, and 17 S. from Columbus. BLOOMFIELD, boro. and cap. of Perry co. Pa., stands on Little Juniata creek, 36 m. NW. from Harrisburg, and contains a brick court-house and other public offices, several churches, taverns, &c. It is a flourishing place. BLOOMFIELD, t. and cap. of Green co. Ind., 76 m. SW. from Indianapolis, and 648 from Washington. It is situated on the west fork of White river, and contains a court-house and jail and other public buildings, and is a place of considerable business. BLOOMFIELD, t. in the SW. part of Riehland co. O. BLOOMFIELD, v. Edgar co. II., 10 m. N. from Paris. It contains a post-office, se veral stores, and various mechanics, aud is a place of considerable business. BLOOMFIELD, v. Walworth co. Wis., ENE. from Delaware. BLOOMFIELD, v. Jefferson co. Ohio, 14 m. W. from Steubenville, and 135 NE. from Columbus. It is now called Bloomingdale in the post-office list. It contains several stores, and about 20 mechanic shops. BLOOMFIELD, v. Oakland co. Mich., 18 m. from Detroit. BLOOMINGBURG, v. Fayette co. Ohio, 35 m. SE. from Columbus, 430 m. from W. C. BLOOMINGBURG, v. Sullivan co. N. Y., 100 m. from Albany, 13 SE. of Monti- cello, contains from 75 to 100 houses. BLOOMINGSBURG, v. Fayette co. Ohio, 40 m. SW. from Columbus. BLOOMINGDALE, v. Tazewell co. II. BLOOMINGDALE, v. Pompton ts. Pas- saic co. N. J., 20 m. NW. from Hacken- sack on the Paterson and Hamilton turnpike road, and contains 1 forge, a machine fac tory, &c. &c. BLOOMING GROVE, v. Richland co. Ohio. BLOOMINGVILLE, v. Huron co. Ohio, 10 m. NW. from Norwalk, 8 m. S. of San- dusky City, contains about 50 bouses. BLOOMING GROVE, ts. Orange co. N. Y., 12 m. W. from West Point, 258 from W. C., 55 m. NW. of N. Y., and 96 S. of Albany ; it contains the villages of Salisbury Mills, Washinsrtonville, Blooming Grove, Craigsville and Oxford. Pop. 2,396. BLOOMING GROVE, set. M'Lean co. II., near Bloomington. It is occupied by in dustrious farmers from Ohio, and bids fair to become a rich and splendid settlement. BLOOMINGPORT, v. Randolph co. In., 9 m. S. from Winchester. BL< JUMINGTON, t. and cap. M'Lean co. II., situated on the margin of a fine prairie, on the north side of Blooming Grove. It contains about 15 stores, several physicians, a handsome academy, 2 steam saw mills, 2 churches. Population, about 1,000. BLOOMINGTON, t. Musquetin co. Iowa, on the Mississippi river. BLOOMSBURY, v. in the co. of Mercer, N. J., near the city of Trenton, from which it is separated by the Assunpink creek. See Trenton. BLOOMSBURY, v. Warren co. N. J,, on the Musconetcong cr, 14 m. S. from Belvi- dere, 49 from Trenton, 18 NW. of Flem- ington. It contains 1 grist mill, 1 oil mill, a cotton manufactory, and about 50 dwell ings. BLOOMINGTON, v. cap. Monroe co, In diana, 70 m. NE. from Vincennes. BLOOMSBURG, v. Halifax co. Va. BLOOMSBURG, v. Columbia co. Pa., on Fishing creek, and on the road from Dan ville to Nescopeck. BLOOMSBURG, v. Northumberland co. Penn. BLOSSBURG, v. Tioga co. Pa., 126 m. from Harrisburg. BLOSSOMSVILLE, v. Monroe co. N. Y. BLOOMSVILLE, v. Ontario co. N. Y., 13 m. from Canandaigua. BLOOMVILLE, v. Del. co. N. Y.,by the post-road 117 m. SW. from Albany. BLOUNT, co. East Ten., bounded N. by Knox, E. by Sevier, S. by N. C., and W. by Monroe. Population in 1830, 11,028, in 1840, 11,745. Chief town, Maryville. BLOUNT, co. Alabama, in the north part of the state, in a mountainous region, and but thinly inhabited. Population in 1830, 4,233, in 1840, 5,570. Blountsville is the capital. BLOUNTSVILLE, v. Jones co. Geo., 16 m. from Milledgeville. BLOUNTSVILLE, t. and cap. Sullivan co. Ten., 130 m. ENE. from Knoxville, and 428 from W. C. BLOUNTSVILLE, v. Lawrence co. Ten. 90m. SW. of Nashville. BLOUNTSVILLE, t. and cap. Blount co. Ala., 1 10 m. NE. from Tuscaloosa, and 748 from W. C. BLUE ANCHOR, v. Gloucester co. N. J., 165 m. from W. C., 53 from Trenton, and 25 SE. from Camden, in the midst of the pine forest. BLUE BALL, v. Monmouth co. N. J., 4 m. S. from Freehold. BLUE EARTH RIVER, r. La., which runs into the Kansas. BLUE FIELD, r. N. America, which separates Honduras from Nicaragua, and is discharffed into Bluefield's bay. Lon. 4 30' W.lrom W. C. Lat. 12 N. BLUEFIELD'S BAY, on the SW. coast of Jamaica. Lon. 78 W. Lat. 18 10' N. BLUEHILL, ts. Hancock co. Me. It stands upon a bay 12 m. NE. from Castinc, and is 78 m. E. from Augusta. Pop. 1,891. Here is a hill of 960 feet high, from the top of which is delightful marine scenery. BLU BOI 205 BLUE HILLS, ridge of mountains in Nottingham. Harrington, and Rochester, N. H. BLUEHILL BAY, off the coast of Maine, on W. side of Mount Desert Island ; 12 m. E. from Penobscot bay. BLUE LICKS, several salt springs on Licking r. Ken. BLUE MOUNTAIN, mt. N. H., E. of Moosehillock. BLUE MOUNTAINS, several mountains so called in different parts of the world ; viz. 1st, intersecting the island of Jamaica from east to west. North Peak is 8,180 feet above the level of the sea ; 2d, the most easterly ridge of the Apalachians, in the state of Pennsylvania, extending in a south-west di rection from the Delaware to the south of the Sus^uehannah r., altitude, 3,000 to 4,000 feet ; 3d, a more southern branch of the same ridge, extending in the same direction from the north of the Potomac r. through the state of Va. into North Carolina. Otter Peak is 3,103 feet high, and is the highest point in all Virginia. The passage of the Potomac r. through this rids:e is peculiarly grand. BLUE RIDGE, or South Mountains, range of mountains, beginning in North Carolina, and crossing the state of Virginia, from north to south, about 200 m. from the sea. BLUE RIVER, one of the head branches of Red r. La. BLUE RIVER, (Big,) r. Indiana, which flows into the Ohio, 2 m. W. from Leven- worthville. BLUE RIVER, (Little) r. Indiana, which flows into the Ohio, 10 or 12 m. below Big Blue river. BLUE ROCK, r. Muskingum co. Ohio, on Muskincrum r. 8 m. below Zanesville. BLUE STONE, r. Giles co. Va., which runs into the Great Kenhawa. BLUE SULPHUR SPRINGS, t. Monroe co. Va. These mineral waters are situated near the Kenhawa r. 40 m. SW. from Lew- isburg, and 237 W. from Richmond. BLUE WATER, t. Lauderdale co. Ala., 260 m. NW. from Cahaba. BLUE WATER, r. the southern branch of the Miso., which it joins 9 m. below the mouth of the Kansas. BLUE RIVER, v. Grant co. Wisconsin. BLUE ROCK, pts. Muskingum co. 0., on both siles of the Muskingum river; it has a steam saw-mill and 10 or 12 sairfactories. BLUFF POINT, cape on the coast of N. Carolina. BLUFF SPRINGS, v. Jefferson county, Miss. BLUFFDALE, v. Green co. II., 10 m. W. from Carrollton, 116 m. from Vandalia, and 8D7 from W. C. The land is rich, dry, and beautifully situated for six miles in ex tent, under overhanging bluffs and preci pices, from which springs of crystal gush forth. It has several stores, a school, and various mechanics. BLUFTON, v. Ray co. Missouri, on the left bank of the Missouri r., 280 m. above St. Louis. BLUFTON, t. Howard co. Miso. BOALSBURG, v. Centre co. Pa., 115 m. NW, from Harrisburg. BOARDMAN, pts. Trumbull co. Ohio, 18 m. SE. from Warren, 170 NE. of Colum bus. Pop. about 1,200. BOAT RUN, v. Clermont co. Ohio, near a rivulet of the same name. BOAT- YARD, v. Sullivan co. Ten., upon the Natouga r. 16 m. below Blountsville. BODEAU, a considerable lake in NW. part of La. Red r. flows through it. A river of the same name runs into the N. end of the lake. BODEGA, Port, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 38 28' N. The Russians have had a settlement at this place since 1817. BODET, river au,U. C.,in the t. of Lan caster, falls into lake St. Francis, E. of Point au Bodet. BODKIN'S POINT, cape, on the coast of Maryland, in Chesapeake bay. BODWELL'S FALLS, on the MerrU mack, between Andover and Methuen. BOEUF, Le, lake in Erie co. Pa., dis charges its waters into French creek, branch of Ohio. The portage from Le Boeuf to Presque Isle, on lake Erie, is about 14 m. BOEUF, r. of Arkansas and Louisiana. It rises in the former, interlocking its sour ces with those of the Mason and Barihele- my, flows S., enters La. and turns to SW. by S. Continuing that course upwards of 100 m. between Washitau and Mason, it joins the former opposite the W. end of the Sicily isl and, at N. Lat. 31 47'. BOEUF, r. which rises in Miso., enters La. and joins the Ouachitta, 14 m. above the Tcnsaw. Its general course is S. and it is about 240 m. long without regard to its windings. It is navigable for some dis tance. BOEUF, Bayou, or creek of La., rises in the pine forests, between Opelousas and the rapids of Red River, flowing first NE., turns gradually to SE., enters on the low lands S. of Red river, and after continuing to flow by comparative courses 60 m. unites with the Crocodile to form the Courtableau river. BOGUE, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of N. Carolina. BOGUE CHITO, r. Miss, which runs SSE. 80 m. and joins Pearl river 20 m. above the Rizolets. BOGUE INLET, narrow channel between Bogue and another island leading to White Oak river. BOHE, r. Md., runs into the Chesapeake. BOHEMIA, r. Md., runs into Elk r. 11 m. below Elkton. BOIS BLANC, isl. at the loAver end of Gros Isle in the mouth of D&troit r., belong ing to Canada. The eastern channel, be tween it and the Canada shore, is about one fourth of a mile wide, and is deep enough 206 BOI BOO for the largest vessel ; the western is much wider, but is shallow, and full of small isl ands. BOIS BLANC, isl. in lake Huron, be tween the i?l in :1 of Michilimackinac and the peninsula of Michigan, about ten miles long and 3 broad. BOIS BLANC, lake, N. America, be tween lake Superior and the lake of the Woods. BOIS BRULE, v. Perry co. Miso. . BOIS BRULE, Burnt Wood, r. NW. Territory, which runs into the bottom of lake Superior. It is navigable 80 m. whence there is a short portage to the St. Croix, a navigable water of the Mississippi. BOLD FOUNTAIN, v. Charlotte co. Va. BOLESBURG, v. Centre co. Pa., 105 m. from Harrisburs:, in the S. part of the co. due S. of Bellefonte. BOLINGBROKE, v. Talbot co. Md., at the confluence of Bolingbroke creek with the Choptank, 5 m. E. from Oxford. BOLINGBROKE, r. Talbot co. Md., runs into the Choptank. BOLIVAR, t. in the S. part of Alleghany co. N. Y., 275 m. W. of Albany. * Pop. 700. BOLIVAR, v. Fairfield ts. Westmoreland eo. Pa., 25 m. NE. of Greensburg. BOLIVAR, co. Miss., bounded N. by Koa- homa, E. by Tallahatchee, S. by Washington and W. by the Mississippi r. Pop. 1,356. BOLIVAR, v. Washington co. Miss., 100 m. NE. of Natchez. BOLIVAR, v. Tuscarawas co. O., 8 m. N. of New Philadelphia, on the Ohio canal. BOLIVAR, t. and cap. of Bolivar co. Miss. BOLIVAR, t. and cap. of Hardiman co. W. Tenn., 158 m. SW. from Nashville, and 849 m. from W. C. BOLIVAR, t. Jackson co. in the NE. cor ner of Alabama, near the boundary of Ten nessee. BOLIVAR, v. St. Genevieve co. Mo., 65 m. S. from St. Louis. BOLIVAR, t. and cap. of Polk co. Mo., about 35 m. from the navigable waters of Osage river, in the SW. part of the state. BOLIVAR, t. Texas, on the Brazos river, above Orazimba. BOLIVE, v. Sangemon co. II., 10 m. SE. from Springfield, and surrounded by a large and beautiful settlement. BOLTON, ts. Chittenden co. Vt., 18 m. NW. from Montpelier, 507 from W. C. It is watered by Onion river which passes through the town. Pop. 470. BOLTON, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 18 m. NE. from Worcester, 33 W. from Boston, 449 from W. C. Here are good lime-stone, and small manufactories of boots, shoes, lea ther and combs. Pop. 1,186. BOLTON, ts. Tolland co. Ct., 15 m. E. from Hartford, 'and 10 S. by W. from Tel- land. It is noted for a stone quarry which has the appearance of slate of a brilliant light grey color, composed of mica and quartz, and is excellent for flagging and other purposes. Pop. 743. BOLTON, ts. Warren co. N. Y., On W. side of lake George, 14 m. NNE. from Cald- well, 518 from W. C. Pop. 937. BOLTON, t. Richelieu co. L. C.,on lake Memphremagog, SE. from Montreal. BOMB AY, ts. in the NW. corner cf Frank- lin co. N. Y., 20 m. NW. from Malcne. Pop. 1,446. BOMBAY HOOK, isl. in Delaware bay, on the coast of Delaware, at the mouth of Duck creek, 11 m. S. from Reedy island. BOMBAZINE, lake, Vt., chiefly in Cas- tleton, 7 m. long. BONAUGTON, v. Adams co. Pa., 5 m. SE. from Gettysburg. BONAVENTURE ISLAND, L. C., at the N. entrance into Chaleur bay. BONAVISTA, a cape on the E. side of the island of Newfoundland. Lon. 52 32' W., Lat. 48 C 15' N. BOND, r. N. A., runs into the Bay of Campeachy. BOND, co. Illinois, bounded N. by Mont gomery, E. by Fayette, S. by Clinton, and W. by Addison. It is watered chiefly by Shoal cr. and its branches, besides the Kas- kaskia in the SE. The surface is generally level or undulating, and duly proportioned into timber and prairie. Greenville is the seat of justice. Pop. in 1835, 3,580, in 1840, 5,060. BONHAMPTON, v. Middlesex co. N. J., 6. m. NE. from New Brunswick, on the turn pike road leading from thence to Wood- bridge. BONNE CHEW, r. U. C., flowing into the Ottawa. BONNET CARRE, t. and cap. cf St. John Baptist coLa. BONO, t. Lawrence co. Ind.,84 m. SSW. from Indianapolis, and 631 from W. C. BON PAS, v. II., near the SW. corner cf Edwards co. between the Bon Pas creek, and Little Wabash river. The Pop. is in creasing rapidly. BON PAS, t. White co. II., 70 m. SE. from Vandalia. BONSECOURS, seigniory, Buckingham co. L. C., on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 22 m. SW. from Quebec. BONSECOURS, seigniory, Devon co. L. C., on the S. file of the St. Lawrence, 41 m. NE. from Quebec. BONSECOURS, bay, Ala., which sets up from Mobile bay northerly about 14 m. and receives at its head a small r. of the same name. The r. has 7 feet water at its en trance, and is navigable 5 or 6 m. From the head of navigation on this r. to a bay which sets up from the Perdido, is 4i m. BONUM, settlement, Miso., 10" m. S. from St. Charles, 20 W. from St. Louis. It extends not less than 15 m. E. and W. and from 6 to 10 N. and S. The land is fertile and well watered. BOOBY ISLAND, West Indies, near St. Christopher's. BOO BOS '207 BOON, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Maine, 8 m. E. from York. Here is a light-house. BOONE, co. N. part of Ken., on the Ohio r. Burlington is the chief to.wn, bounded N. and W. by the Ohio river, E. by Camp bell and S. by Grant. Pop. 10,034. BOONE, co. N. part of Illinois, bounded N. by Wisconsin ter., E. by McHenry, S. by Kane, and W. by Winnebago. It is water ed chiefly by Sycamore cr. and branches. The surface is mostly a rich undulating prairie, interspersed with timber land. Pop. 1,705. Decatur is the seat of justice. BOONE, co. Missouri, having Monroe on the N. Galloway on the E. the Missouri ri ver SW. and Howard co. on the NW. Pop. in 1830, 8,859, and in 1840, 13,561. Co lumbia is the capital. BOONE, v. Pickens co. Ala., 11 m. W. from Pickensville. BOONE, co. Indiana, bounded by Clin ton on the N. Hamilton on the E. Hendricks S. and Montgomery W. It is watered by Sugar cr. its Middle Branch, and the head branches cf Eagle and Rackoon creeks. Le banon is the capital. Pop. 8,121. BOONEVILLE, t. and cap. of Scott co. Arkansas. It is a small village of about 20 or 30 houses. BOONEVILLE, t. and cap. of Warwick co. Inl., 157 m. SSW. from Indianopolis, and 713 from W. C. It contains the usual county bull lings, and several fine houses, and it is a place of some trade. BOONESBURG, v. Washington co. Md., 60 m. from W. C. BOONE'S LTCK, t. Howard co. Miso. BOONE'S MILLS, v. White co. II., 804 m. from W. C. BOONETON, v. Morris co. N. J., on the north si le of Rockaway river, 9m. N. of Morristown, situated on the side of a hih hill at the entrance of a narrow rocky val ley. The situation is highly picturesque, and has extensive manufactories of iron. The Morris canal passes through the village. BOONTON, v. Boone co. Mo., 57 m. N. from Jefferson city. BOONSBOROUGH, v. Washington co. Md., on the Potomac river. BOONSBOROUGH, t. Madison co. Ken., on Kentucky r. 20 m. SSE. from Lexington. BOON'S STATION, v. Fayette co. Ken., 580 m. from W. C. BOONSVILLE, v. Cooper co. Miso., on the right bank of Missouri r. directly oppo site Franklin, and by land, 170 m. above St. Loui*. Lat. 39 53' N. Lon. 15 20'W. BOONVILLE, pts. Oneila co. N. Y., 27 m. N. from Utica, 421 from W. C. Pop. 5,519. BOOTHBAY, ts. Lincoln co. Me., 8 m. SE. from Wiscasset, 180 NE. from Boston, 613 from W. C. It is situated between Sheepscot, or Booth Bay, and Damariscotta r. It is nearly surrounded by water, and is noted for its excellent harbor. Its maritime situation renders it a place of considerable business in the coasting trade and fisheries; many visit it in summer months, for health or pleasure. Pop. 2,631. BOOTH'S STORE, t. Franklin co. Va., 180 m. SW. from Richmond. BO^UES CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into the Scioto, 5 m. W. from Delaware. BORDENTOWN, t. Burlington co. N. J., on E. siie cf the Delaware, 7 m. SSE. from Trenton, 26 NE. from Philadelphia. It is a pleasant town, principally built on one street. The Delaware and Raritan canal enters the river at this place, and the Cam- den and Amboy rail-road passes through it, which makes it a place of much bustle and activity. Pop. about 1,200. BORGNE, lake, or gulf, La., E. of lake Ponchartrain. It communicates with the Gulf of Mexico, and lake Ponchartrain, and is 40 m. Ions:, and about 15 broad. BORIQUEN, island of the West Indies, near Porto Rico. It is uninhabited, though fertile, and the water good. Here is a great number of land crabs, whence some call it Crab Island. Lon. 66 W. Lat. 18 N. BORODINO, v. Onondaga co. N. Y., 180 m. W. from Albany, near the margin of Skaneateles Lake, contains about 30 dwell ings. BORODINO, v. Wayne co. Mich., 30 ra. W. from Detroit. BOSCAWEN, ts. Merrimack co. N. H.,on W. siie of the Merrimack, opposite Canter- bun', with which it is connected by a bridge; 9 m. N. from Concord, 58 NW. from Ports mouth, 514 from W. C. Besides the Mer rimack the west part cf this ts. is watered by Black river, running nearly parallel with the former through the whole extent of the ts. and about 5 m. distant from it. Pop. 1,965. BOSTON, s-p. and cap. Mass, in Suffolk co. 14 m. SSW. from Salem, 40 NNE. from ProviJence, 56 S. by W. from Portsmouth, 63 SSE. from Concord, N. H., 100 ENE. from Hartford, 115 SSW. from Portland, 210 NE. from New York, 300 SSE. from Mon treal, 300 NE. from Philadelphia, 436 from W. C. Lat. 42 22' N- Lon. 5 58' E. from W. C. Boston was founded in the year 1630. In the Indian lan^uase its name was Shaumut, and it was called by the early settlers Tre- mont, or Trimontain, from the circumstance of its being built upon three hills. It is situated at the head of Massachusetts bay, on a peninsula about 4 miles in circum ference, and is about 3 m. in length, and 1 m. and 25 rods, where wiJest, in breadth, and is connected with the main land fit S. end by a narrow isthmus, called the Neck, leading to Roxbury. The town is built in an irregular circular form round the harbor, which is studded with about 40 small islands, many of which afford excellent pasture ; and are frequented in summer by numerous par ties of pleasure. The harbor is formed by Nahant Point on the N. and Point Alder ton on the S. and is so capacious as to 208 BOS 500 vessels to ride at anchor in a good depth of water, while the entrance is so narrow as scarcely to admit 2 ships abreast. The entrance is defended by Fort Independ ence belonging to thelJ. S., on Castle Island, and by Fort Warren on Governor's Island. There is another fort, called Fort Strong, on Noddle's Island. BOSTON JWD ITS ENVIRONS. Boston is admirably well situated for com merce, and is a place of great trade and opu lence. It is the fourth city in the Union in population and second in commerce. Its trade is carried on with every quarter of the world. It? wealth is computed at 92,000,- 000 doDars. The shipping of the port amounts to about 200,000 tons. The wharves here are said to be the finest in the U. S. some of which are nearly a quarter of a mile in length and covered with stores. The yearly imports are rising 13,000,000 dollars and the ex ports exceed 9,000,000. Alterations and additions have of late years greatly improved the appearance of Boston. The streets, which were formerly almost without an exception narrow and crooked, have been in a great degree ren dered wide and commodious ; the old wood en structures have in the greater part of the city been replaced by handsome buildings of stone or brick. In the western part, par ticularly, there is much neatness and ele gance. The splendor of the private build ings here, is not equalled in any other part of the Union. The literary institutions of this city are cf the first order. The public libraries contain rising of 70,000 volumes. The Boston Athenaeum is the finest establishment cf its kind in the U. S. Its Library contains above 25,000 volumes, in a reading-room in which the most esteemed periodicals, from all parts of the worl 1, may be found. If we add to these the library of Harvard College, in the neighbourhood, of more than- 40,000 volumes, making the number of books with in the reach of the citizens, upwards of 110,000, it must be allowed that Boston of fers to the scholar a more advantageous residence than any other spot in the west ern world. The literary character of the citizens corresponds to these advantages; Boston is distinguished for the number and talent of its periodical works : the North American Review, which is allowed to be the most able of all the literary journals of our country, and the only one that has gain ed a reputation in Europe, is published here. The periodicals of the city are more than 60, including 3 1 newspapers, 7 of which are daily. The public schools are not equalled in any other city in the world. The ambi tion of the scholars is excited by annual rewards to the most worthy, in the shape of a public dinner at Faneuil Hall, in compa ny with the mayor and officers cf the city ; and the distribution of gold and silver me dals, the product of a fund for this purpose established by the great Franklin, who was born in this city. In the department cf the fine arts, there is much taste and liberal pa tronage displayed here. The annual exhi bition of paintings in the gallery cf the Athenaeum is the best in the country, and a fund is collecting from its proceeds for the encouragement cf the arts. In 1817, there was erected on both sides of Market street a block cf stores, 485 feet in length on one side, and 442 on the other, and 4 stories high; and on central wharf, another immense pile of buildings was com pleted the same year, 1,240 feet in length, containing 54 stores 4 stories high, and having a spacious hall in the centre, over which" is erected an elegant observatory. These buildings, for extent, convenience, BOS BOU 209 and elegance, are said not to be exceeded in the commercial world. The exchange is a superb structure, 7 stories in height, 127 feet in length, containing 202 rooms. In this building is kept a public reading room, similar to the one at Merchant's Hall. The alms-house is a commodious and elegant building, 270 feet long, and 56 broad. The court-house is very elegant, built of Chelms- ford granite. The stale-house is built on ground elevated about IbO feet above the level of the harbor, and is a noble edifice. It is 173 feet in front, and 61 deep, and its situation and size render it a very conspicu ous object. The dome is 50 feet in diameter, terminated by a circular lantern, at an ele vation of 100 feet from the foundation. The prospect from the top is exceedingly magni ficent and beautiful ; surpassing everything of the kind in this country, and will bear a comparison with the castle hill of Edinburgh, the famous bay of Naples, or any other of the most picturesque scenes in Europe. Here may be seen at a view, the town with its shipping and buildings, the harbor and its islands, Charles river, a fine country, orna mented with elegant country-seats, and more than 20 flourishing towns. In front of the State-house is the common, containing 70 acres, surrounded by the mall, an extensive and most delightful public walk. The facilities for travelling in the neigh borhood of Boston are very great. There are more stage-coaches running to and from this city than any other in America. Hour ly and half-hourly stages carry passengers to the neighboring towns at a very low rate. The number of daily arrivals and departures is about 250. In summer there are steam boats running to Hingham, Nahant and the coast of Maine. The roads about Boston are excellent, and the public houses of the first order. The country here is exceedingly varied and picturesque, adorned with every graceful variety of hill and dale, garden and grove, and abounding in beautiful villages and elegant country-seats. The heights of Dorchester, which command the city and harbor, and whose batteries drove the Bri tish from Boston in 1776, are now within the limits of the city. A city government was first adopted in 1821 ; the officers are a mayor, 8 aldermen, and a common council of 48, all elected by a popular vote in December annually. With Chelsea, on the opposite side of the harbor, Boston composes the county of Suffolk, which has 6 Senators in the state legisla ture. The city alone sends one representa tive to congress. The yearly expenses are about 300,000 dollars, of which above 50,- 000 are appropriated to the support of com mon schools; 80,000 for improving the streets, and 30,000 for the poor. . The value of the manufactures of all kinds amounts annually to about $11,000,000. It contains about 50 churches, 20 banks, 80 or 90 public schools, 140 streets, 30 lanes, and 90 wharves. Pop. in 1790, 18,038, in B 1 1800, 24,937, in 1810, 33,250, in 1820, 43,298, in 1830,61,391, and in 1840,93,338. BOSTON, v. Portage co. Ohio, 18 m. NNW. Ravenna, on the Ohio canal, 130 m. NE. of Columbus. BOSTON, pts. Erie co. N. Y., 18 m. SE. from Buffalo, and 289 m. from Albany. Pop. 1,745. BOSTON, v. Henry co. Iowa. BOSTON, v. Shelby co. II., 12 m. N. from Shelbyville, on the W. fork of Kaskaskia. BOSTON, v. SE. part of Wayne co. Ind. BOSWELLSVILLE, v. Louisiana co. Va., 20 m. NW. Richmond. BOTETOURT, co. central part of Va., bounded N. by Bath co. NE. by Rockbridge co, SE. by Bedford and Franklin cos. SW. by Montgomery co. and NW. by Monroe co. Chief town, Fincastle. Pop. in 1830, 16,354, and in 1840, 11,679. BOTTLE HILL, v. Morris co. N. J., 2 m. NW. Chatham, 15 NW. ElizabethtoVn, 228 from W. C., and 57 from Trenton. It contains several stores and about 50 dwell ings, generally very neat; the surrounding country gently undulating and well culti vated. BOTETOURT SPRINGS, Botetourt co. Va., 12 m. W. from Fincastle. BOTTSTOWN, v. York co. Pa., 1 m. W. of the borough of York. BOUCKVILLE, v. Madison ts. Madison co. N. Y., 6 m. E. from Morrisville. BOUNDBROOK, v. Somerset co. N. J., on the N. bank of the Raritan, 7 m. NW. New Brunswick, 4 m. from Somerville. The Del. and Raritan canal runs near the town, which affords an extensive mart for the sale of grain and other country produce, at near the N. Y. prices. The surrounding .. country is very fertile. The Elizabethtown and Somerville railroad passes through it. BOURBON, co. N. part of Kentucky. Pop. 14,478. Chief town, Paris. BOURBON, New, v. Missouri, on W. side of the Mississippi, 2 m. below St. Genevieve. BOURBON RIVER, a branch of the Ma- ramek, in St. Louis co. Missouri. BOURCHEMIN, Seigniory, Richelieu co. Lower Canada, 33 m. E. Montreal. BOUCHARA, isl. L. C., in the river St. Lawrence, 21 m. NE. Montreal. BOUCHERVILLE, Seigniory, Kent co. L. C., on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, opposite the island of Montreal, and about 10 m. E. of the city. BOUDET, r. runs into lake St. Francis, near the boundary between Upper and Lower Canada. BOUGECHITO, r. rises in Mississippi, and running SE. joins Pearl river in Louisi ana. BOURGLOIS, Seigniory, Hampshire co. L. Canada, 25 m. W. of Quebec. BOURGMARIE, East, Seigniory, Buck ingham and Richelieu cos. L. Canada, 36 m. S. Three Rivers. BOURGMARIE, West, Seigniory, Riche- lieu co. L. Canada, 35 m. NE. Montreal. 210 BOU BRA BOVINA, ts. Delaware co. N. York, 89 m. from Albany. Pop. 1,403. BOURNEVILLE, v. Twin ts. Ross co. O., 1 J m. W. from Chillicothe, between tiro small streams called the twins, which afford much fine bottom land. It contains 3 stores, several mechanic shops, a carding machine, &c. &c. The Chillicothe andMilford turn pike and the Zanesville and Maryville turnpike pass through this town, on which is a daily line of stages which carry the mails. BOW, t. Merrimack co. N. H., on W. side the Merrimack, 5 m. S. Concord. Pop. 4,000. BOWBACK, mt. in Stratford, N. H. BOWDOIN, ts. Lincoln co. Maine, 20 m. WNW. Wiscasset, 148 NE. Boston. Pop. 2,073. BOWDOINHAM, ts. Lincoln co Maine, on the Kennebeck; 15 m. WNW. Wis casset, 148 NE. Boston, 590 from W. C. Pop. 2,402. BOWERS, v. Essex co. Va. BOWERS, v. Southampton co. Va. BOWER'S STORE, t. Ashe co. N. C., 170 m. NW. from Raleigh. BOWERSVILLE, v. Southampton co. Va. BOWLERS, v. Essex co. Va., 129 m. from W. C. BOWLING GREEN, t. Caroline co. Va., 46 m. NE. Richmond, 80 from W. C. It is the seat of justice for the county. BOWLING GREEN, t. Warren co. Ken., about 30 m. E. Russellville, 702 from W. C. It is the seat of justice for the county, and contains a bank. BOWLING GREEN, t. Oslethorpe co. Geo., about 75 m. N. from Milledseville. BOWLING GREEN, Pike co. Miso., 132 m. from Jefferson city, and 948 from W. C. It is the seat of justice for the county. BOWLING GREEN, v. Washington ts. Brown co. O. BOWLING GREEN, t. and cap. of Clay co. Ind., 69 m. from Indianapolis. BOWMAN'S MOUNTAIN, called the Bald Mountain, near the western limits of Luzerne co., is a high, regular, barren range, whose average height may be 1,000 feet. This extends from the E. to the W. branches of the Susquehannah river, between which it appears to have no other name than those mentioned, except that, in a small territory on the head of Fishing creek, the inhabitants call it the North Mountain. Westward of the waters of the Susquehannah, it forms the main ri Jge of the Alleghany Mountains. It crosses the E. branch of the Susque hannah, at the mouth of Tunkhannock and Bowman's creeks, and extending N. east- wardly, it is called Tunklia.nnock Mountain, and terminates in Susquehannah co. where it is called the Elk Mountain. BOWMAN'S VALLEY, lying on Bow man's creek, between Bowman's and Ma- hoopeny Mountains, Luzerne co. Pa., is not very populous, and the land generally poor. It is about 2 m. wide and 15 m. long. The principal population is near the river. BO WYER,!* or/, situated on Mobile point. This was merely a small water battery erected to defend the main pass into Mobile Bay. Here, en Sept. 15th, 1814, Major W. Lawrence, with a garrison cf 158 men, repulsed an attack made by a British squa dron, of which the Hennes of 28 guns was destroyed. The fort was invested by a land and naval force on the 8th of Feb., 1815, and surrendered to Gen. Lambert, by Maj. Lawrence, on the 10th of the same month, and on the ratification of peace was restored to the U. S. BOWYER'S SULPHUR SPRINGS, v. Greenbrier co. Va. BOWYERSVILLE, v. Southampton co. Va., 224 m. from W. C. BOWYER'S BLUFF, the W. point of Washington harbor in Green Bay, Lake Michigan, 85 m. NE. Fort Howard, 99 SW. Mackinaw. BOXBOROUGH, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 30 m. WNW. Boston. Some shoes, palm leaf hats, and straw bonnets, are manu factured in this town, and large quantities of hops are grown ; good lime-stone is found here. Pop. 426. BOXFORD, t. Essex co. Mass., 15 m. NW. Salem, 24 N. Boston, 467 frcm W. C. The annual amount of manufactures of cot ton-wick, boots, shoes, and ploughs is about $100,000. Pop. 942. BOYDSVILLE, t. Davidson co. Tenn., 20 m. from Nashville. BOYD'S CREEK, v. Sevier co. Tenn., 581 m. from W. C. BOYD'S CREEK, r. Louisiana, which runs into the Mississippi, Lon. 91 25' W. Lat. 3150'N. BOYD'S HOLE, t. King George co. Va., 93 m. from Richmond, and 74 from W. C. BOYD'S LANDING, v. Caldwell co. II. BOYDTON, t. Mecklenburg co. Va., 100 m. SSW. Richmond, 197 from W. C. It contains a court-house and jail. BOYDSTOWN, t. Penobscot co. Me., 96 m. from Ausrusta, and 691 from W. C. BOYLSTON, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 7 m. NNE. Worcester, 42 W. Boston, 425 from W. C. It is watered by Nashua river, and has iron ore and a ledge of crystallized quartz, several ponds and fine fish. Pop. 800. BOYLSTON, ts. Oswego co. N. Y. Pop. 481. BOZRAH, ts. New London co. Ct., about 5 m. W. Norwich, and 33 m. SE. from Hart ford. It is watered by the Yantic river, on which are two pleasant and flourishing vil lages ; at both are manufactures for cotton. It experienced a great hail storm on the 15th of July, 1799, some particles of which measured 6 inches in circumference. Pop. 1,067. BRACEVILLE, pts. Trumbull co. Ohio, on W. side of Warren, 317 m. from W. C. Pop. 800. BRA 211 BRACEVILLE, v. Knox co. Indiana. BRACKEN, co. N. part of Ken., on the Ohio. Chbf town, Augusta. Pop. 7,053. BRACKEN" CREEK, r. Ken., which runs into the Ohio, Lon. 84 8' W. Lat. 38 36' N. BRADDOCK'S FIELD, place, in Pa., on Turtle creek ; 6 m. ESE. Pittsburg. Here Gen. Brad Jock fell into an ambuscade of In dians, was defeated, and mortally wounded. It was here the military talents of General Washington, then a provincial major, were first conspicuously displayed. BRADDOCK'S BAY, on S. sile of Lake Ontario ; 5 m. W. of the mouth of the Gen- esee, in Gates. BRADFORD, ts. Orange co. Vt., on the Connecticut ; 7 m. S. by W. Newbury, 505 m. from W. C. It is a pleasant farming ts. of good soil, and is well watered by Wait's river. Pop. 1,655. BRADFORD, ts. Essex co. Mass., on S. side of the Merrimack, opposite Haverhill; 28 m. N. Boston, 18 WNW. Salem, 472 from W. C. It is a pleasant town, and has 2 parishes. Great quantities of leather shoes are mile here for exportation, amounting annually to about $40,000. Hands employed, about 1,100. Pop. 2,222. BRADFORD, a county in the E. district of Pennsylvania, bordering on New York. It is intersected by the E. branch of the Sus- quehannah river, which receives numerous collateral branches flowing from all direc tions within the county. Pop. in 1830, 19,669; in 1810, 32,76J. Towanda is the chief town. BRADFORD, v. Plum Creek ts. Arm strong co. Pa. BRADFORD, Merrimack co. N. H., 25 m. W. from Concord, 3 1 from Amherst, and 80 from Boston. In it are a number of floating islan Is, which are deemed objects of curiosity. Pop. 1,331. BRADLEY'S SETTLEMENT, in the N. part of Jackson co. II., at the hea 1 of Kin- caiJ creek. It is a timbered region and tol erable land. BRADSHAW, v. Giles co. Ten., 66 m. SW. from Nashville. BRADLEY, co. Ten., situated in the east district. Pop. 7,385. BRADLEY HALL, v. Prince William co. Va., 33 m. from W. C. BRADLEYVALE, ts. Caledonia co. Vt., 38 m. N. Newbury. It is watered by Moose river ; most of it is on a mountain, and never contained more than fifty inhabitants. BRADLEYSVILLE, t. Sumpter district, S. C., 62 m. E. from Colombia. BRAINARD'S BRIDGE, v. in Nassau ts. llensselaer co. N. Y., 40) m. from W. C., 24 m. from Troy on the Kinderhook creek, contains a cotton and woollen factory, and about 60 dwellings. BRAIN ERD, a missionary station among the Cherokees, in a district of country called Chickamaugah, on Chickamaugah creek ; 7 m. E. Lookout Mountain, about 50 SSW. Washington, Tenn., 100 E. by N. Huntsville, 140 WSW. Knoxville, 155 NW. Athens. It is 15 m. by the course of the creek above its entrance into the Tennessee, and only 6 from the river at the nearest point ; and is near the chartered limits of Tennessee and Geor gia. The Chickamaugah is navigable for boats to Brainerd. The missionary estab lishment was commenced here early in 1817. In the burying-ground is the grave of the Rev. Dr. Worcester, late Corresponding Se cretary of the Board, who died here June 7th, 1821. BRAI.VTREE, ts. Orange co. Vermont, 6 m. WNW. Randolph, 23 SSW. Montpelier. Pop. 1,233. BRAINTREE, ts. Norfolk co. Mass., 12 m. SSE. Boston. This town is famous for being the birth-place of the Hon. John Ad- ams, the second president of the U. States. Pop. 2,168. BRANCH, t. cap. of Branch co. Mich. BRANCHTOWN, v. Philadelphia co. Pa. BRANCH, co. Mich., bounded N. by Cal- houn, E. by Hillsdale co. S. by the state line of Indiana, W. by St. Joseph co. Popula tion, 5,715. Branch is the capital. BRANCHPORT, v. Jerusalem ts. Yates co. N. Y., on Crooked lake, 7 m. SW. from Penn Yan. BRANDENBURG, v. and cap. Meade co. Ken. BRANCHVILLE, v. Sussex co. N. J., 78 m. N. from Trenton. BRANDON, ts. Rutland co. Vt., on Otter creek, 12 m. N. Rutland, 40 SW. Montpe lier. Pop. 2,200. Here is a bed of iron ore of a superior quality, at which are erected a forge, a furnace, and an establishment for the manufacture of shovels ; the forge yields 36 tons of bar iron, and the furnace upwards of 100 tons of cast iron annually. BRANDON, t. and cap. Rankin co. Miss., 16 m. W. of Jackson. BRANDON, t. Franklin co. N. Y. Pop ulation, 531. BRANDONVILLE, v. Preston co. Va., 4 m. from Penn. line. BRANDY WINE MILLS, v. Boston ts. Portage co. O., 130 m. NE. of Columbus. BRAND YWINE MANOR, v. Chester co. Pa., 30 m. from Philadelphia. BRANDYWINE, hundred, in NE. corner of Newcastle co. Delaware. BRANDYWINE, v. Newcastle co. Del., on the Bran lywine creek adjoining Wilming ton. It is a flourishing village, and contains extensive flour mills and other manufactur ing establishments. See Wilmington. BRANDYWINE, r. which rises in Penn., and passing into Delaware, joins the Chris tiana a little below Wilmington. It is 40 m. long, and through its whole course is a fine stream well adapted to water works. The descent in 25 m. is 300 feet. For an account of the Bran lywine Mills, see Wilmington. BRANDY POTS, islands in the St. Law. rence, 103 m. below Quebec, and opposite the mouth of the Saguenay river. 212 BRA BRE BRANFORD, t. New Haven co. Ct., 7 m E. New Haven, 311 from W. C. A beau tiful pond called Saltonstal's lake lies be tween Branford and East Haven. Popula tion, 1,322. BRANTREM, v. Luzerne co. Pa., on the Susquehannah, 50 miles above Wilkesbarre. BRASCHIN'S CREEK, r. Ken., which runs into the Salt river, Long. 85 36' W. Lat. 37 50' N. BRASHER, ts. NE. part of St. Lawrence co. N. Y., 39 m. NE. from Canton. Popula tion, 2,118. BRASHERVILLE, v. Perry co. Ken. BRASSOS A DIGS, river of Texas, in the intendency of St. Louis Potosi ; the sources of the Brassos are not correctly known, but are supposed to be S. of Red river, about N. Lat. 33. The length of this river exceeds 400 m. ; the country near its sources is mostly prairie, with narrow borders of wood along the banks of the river and some of its branches. BRATTLEBOROUGH, t. Windharn co. Vt., on the Connecticut ; 12 m. SE. New- fane, 20 S. by W. Walpole, 36 E. Bennington. 41 N. Northampton, 96 WNW. Boston, 110 S. Montpelier, 427 from W. C. Lat. 42 52' N. Pop. 2,624. It contains two par ishes, in each of which there is a handsome village. The village in the east parish is on the W. bank of the river, and contains a Congregational meeting-house, a cotton manufactory, a paper mill, and one of the largest printing establishments in the United States. It is a pleasant and flourishing vil lage, and has considerable trade. Here is a bridge across the Connecticut. The other village is about 2 m. WNW. and contains a Congregational meeting-house, and a wool len manufactory. BRATTLEVILLE, v. M'Donough co, II., 12 m. S. from Macomb, on the mail road to Bushville. BRATTON'S RIVER, r. North America, which runs into the Missouri, 2,232 m. from the Mississippi. BRATTONSVILLE, v. Prince William co. Va., 35 m. SW. from W. C. BRAXTON, co. Va., bounded N. by Lewis, E. by Randolph, S. by Nicholas, and W. by Pendleton cos. Braxton is the cap. Pop. 2,575. BRAZORIA, t. Texas, on the W. side of Brazos r. BREAKABEEN, v. Fulton ts. Schoharie co. N. Y., contains about 20 dwellings, se veral mills and a church. BREAKNECK HILL, on the Hudson, at the entrance of the Highlands, opposite But ter Hill ; 60 m. N. of New York. BREATHITT, co. Ken., a new co. Pop. 2,195. BREAM'S HEIGHTS, eminence, N. Y., on Hudson river, where Gen. Gates had a camp previous to the capitulation of Sara toga. BRECKENRIDGE, co. Ken., bounded by the Ohio river NW. by Hardin E. and SE. by Grayson S. and by Ohio and Daviess SW. ; surface broken, and soil generally pro ductive. Staples, grain, flour, tobacco, and salted provisions. Chief town, Hardens- burg. Pop. in 1830, 7,345, in 1840, 8,944. BRECKSVILLE, pts. Cuyahoga co. O. y 13 m. S. from Cleveland, 10m. from Akron, 122 NE. from Columbus, and 346 from W. C. The soil is excellent for wheat. Pop. about 2,000. BREMEN, v. Rush Creek ts. Fairfield co. Ohio. BRENTONSVILLE, v. Owen co. Ind., on the W. fork of White river, 3 m. above Spencer. BREMEN, v. Lincoln co. Me., 45 m, from Augusta, possesses great navigable privileges. Pop. 837. BREED'S HILL, an eminence on the N, side of Charlestown, in Mass., celebrated for the stand made by the Americans against the British troops, at the commencement of hostilities with the mother country. This action is usually called the battle of Bunker Hill (another hill near it.) See Bunker Hill. BRENTWOOD, ts. Rockingham co. N. H. ; 20 m. WSW. Portsmouth, 521 from W, C. It is watered by Exeter river, and con tains a Congregational and a Baptist meet ing-house, cotton manufactories, furnace for castm? machinery, card factory, and a num ber of mills. Pop. 888. BRENTVILLE, v. Prince William co, Va., 48 m. from W. C., and 104 from Rich mond ; it is the seat of justice for the county, and contains a court-house, jail, and a num ber of fine buildings. BRETON, Cape, island of N. America,, between 45 and 47 N. Lat. separated from Nova Scotia by a narrow strait called Canso,. and is 100 m. in length, and 50 in breadth. It is a barren country, subject to fogs throughout the year, and covered with snow in the winter. There is an excellent fishery on this coast. It was confirmed to England by treaty in 1763. BRETON, island of Louisiana, or rather 2 small islands lying SW. from the Grand Gosier. There is a channel containing 12 feet water between the islands of Grand Gosier and Breton Island, and another SW. of the latter, leading into Chandeleur Bay, with 18 feet water. N. Lat. 29 26'. BREVELLE, t. Natchitoches co. Louis- ana. BREWER, ts. Penobscot, Me., onE. side of the Penobscot, opposite Bangor; 34 m. V. of Castine, 696 from W. C. It is watered the Segeunkedunk, on which are mills of various kinds. Considerable quantities of umber, tanners' bark, and wood are export ed from this town. Pop. 1,736. BREWSTER, ts. Barnstable co. Mass., 16 m. E. Barnstable, 88 SE. Boston, 498 Irom W. C. From three ponds in this town ship, covering about 1,000 acres, a never- iailing stream of water is produced, on which are a cotton mill, carding mill, ma- BRI 213 chine shop, &c., and is a place of considera ble business. Pop. 1,522. BRIAR'S CREEK, r. Georgia, which runs into the Savannah, 40 m. below Au gusta. In 1779, a part of the American army was surprised on this river by the British, and entirely routed, with the loss of 400 men killed or taken. BRICKSBQROUGH, v. Maurice ts. Cum berland co, N. J. BRIDGEVILLE, v. Sussex co. Delaware ; 132 m. from W. C., 55 m. from Dover. BRIDGEHAMPTON, v. in Southamp ton ts. Suffolk co. N. Y., 18 m. from Ri- verhea-1, built on one long street. BRIDGEPOINT, v. Bucks co. Pa. . BRIDGEPORT, s-p. and bor. in the township of Stratford, Fairfield co. Ct., on L. Island Sound, at the mouth of the Pe- quanock ; 17* SW. New Haven, 286 from W. C. It contains a bank and several houses of public worship. It is a pleasant and flourishing village, and has considera ble trade. There are extensive manufac tories of wool and cotton. Pop. 3,294. BRIDGEPORT, v. Sullivan ts. Madison co. N. Y., 20 m. from Morrisville, a thriving village of about 60 or 70 houses. BRIDGEPORT, v. Seneca Falls ts. Sene ca co. N. Y., 185 m. W. from Albany. The lake boats touch here. BRIDGEPORT, v. Merion ts. Mont gomery eo. Pa. BRIDGEPORT, v. W. part of Marion co. Ind., 10 m. WSW. from Indianopolis. BRIDGEPORT, t. Harrison co. Va. ; 265 m. from W. C. BRIDGEPORT, v. Fayette co. Pa., on the Monongahela, separated from Browns ville by Dunlap's creek, BRIDGEPORT, v. Belmont co. Ohio, 1 m. from Wheeling, 283 from W. C. It con tains 6 or 7 hundred inhabitants, one whole sale grocery, 3 taverns, &c. A very large amount of flour, tobacco, and other produce is annually stored here. BRIDGETON, ts. Cumberland co. Me. ; 39 m. NW. Portland, 130 NNE. Boston, 589 from W. C. Here is an academy. Its location affords it great facilities for in land trade. Long pond is about 10 m. in length, and one in breadth, and empties in Crooked river, which passes into Sebago pond. Pop. 1,987. BRIDGETOWN, the capital of the island of Barbadoes, situate in the inmost part of Carlisle Bay, which is large enough to con tain 500 ships, but the bottom is foul, and apt to cut the cables. This city was burnt down in 1 688 ; and suffered also greatly by fires in 1756, 1766, and 1767. Before these fires it contained 1,500 houses; and it has since been rebuilt. The streets are broad, the houses high, the wharves and quays convenient, and the forts strong. The church is as large as some cathedrals. Here also is a free-school, a hospital, and a col lege ; the latter erected by the Society for Propagating the Gospel, pursuant to the will of Col. Codrington, who endowed it with 2,000 a year. The town had scarce ly risen from the calamities already men tioned, when it was torn from its founda- tion by a hurricane in 1780, in which many of the inhabitants perished; and in 1831 it experienced a similar calamity. Lon. 59 43' W. Lat. 13 5' N. BRIDGETON, t. and cap. Cumberland co. N. J., on the Cohanzv ; 56 m. S. Philadel phia, 173 from VV. C. It contains a court house, a jail, a bank, an academy, a rolling mill, nail factory, woollen factory, paper mill, foundery, and several mechanic shops. It exports lumber, .grain, flour, nails and iron castings. It has 30 schooners and sloops, employed in its trade, and is a place of considerable trade. The Cohanzy is na vigable to this town for vessels of 100 tons. BRIDGETOWN, v. Queen Anne co. Md., on the Tuckahoe, 8 m. E. Centreville. BRIDGETOWN, v. Kent co. Md., on the river Chester, 18 m E. Chester. It has about 40 houses. BRIDGEWATER, ts. Windsor co. Vt., 17 m. NW. Windsor. Here are found iron ore, garnet, rock crystal, mica, slate, gneiss, lime-stone, quartz, and excellent soap stone. Pop. 1,363. BRIDGEWATER, ts. Grafton co. N. H., on the Merrimack, 10 m. S. Plymouth, 70 NW. Portsmouth. Pop. 747. BRIDGEWATER, ts. Plymouth co. Mass., 18 m. NW. Plymouth, 27 S. Boston. It is a large and valuable agricultural town, and one of the most considerable in the state with regard to manufactures, which consist of iron~ cotton, woollen, boots, shoes, hats, paper, anchors, cotton ginns, straw bonnets, &c., amounting annually to $250,000. Pop. 2,133. BRIDGEWATER, pts. Oneida co. N. Y., 365 from W. C. centrally NW. from Albany 80 m., from Rome 22; the village is 18 m. from Utica, and contains about 50 dwell ings. BRIDGEWATER, r. Mass., which unites with the Namasket to form Taunton river. BRIDGEV^TER, v. Limestone co. Al., 137 m. N. of Tuscaloosa, and 746 from W. C. BRIDGEWATER, v. Brighton ts. Beaver co. Pa., on the W. side of Beaver river, adjacent to Sharon v., a manufacturing vil lage. BRIDGE'S SETTLEMENT, Johnston co. II., 10 m. W. from Vienna. BRIDGEVILLE, v. Sussex co. Del., on the Nanticoke r., 35 m. S. from Dover. BRIDGEVILLE, v. Perry ts. Muskingum co. 0., 63 m. E. from Columbus. BRIDGEVILLE, v. Thompson ts. Sulli van co. N. Y. BRIDPORT, ts. Addison co. Vt., E. of lake Champlain, opposite Crown Point, 12 m. W. Middlebury, 55 WSW. Montpelier, 468 from W. C. Across the lake to Crown Point is about 2 miles. Pop. 1,480. BRI BRO BRIER CREEK, v. Wilkes co. N. C., 180 m. NW. by W. from Rak-igh. BRIGHTON, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 5 m. W. Boston. Here the cattle are driven for the supply of Boston market. The Brighton Cattle Show is under the direction of the Massachusetts Agricultural Society. Stalls are erected for the cattle, and a build ing 70 feet by 36 for the exhibition of do mestic manufactures. Brighton has many elegant country-seats. Pop. 1,425. BRIGHTON, ts. Somerset co. Me., 53 m. from Augusta. Pop. 803. BRIGHTON, v. Richfield ts. Otsego co. N. Y., 17 m. from Cooperstown. BRIGHTON, v. Harmony ts. Clark co. 0. BRIGHTON, v. SW. part of Macoupin co. II., 12 m. N. from Alton. BRIGHTON, ts. Monroe co. N. Y., on the E. side of Genesee river, at its mouth, 24 m. NW. Canandaigua. Pop. 2,336. BRIGHTON, v. Beaver co. Pa., at the falls of Big Beaver creek. Here are exten sive iron works and valuable mills. See Beaver. BRIGHTON, ts. Me., in Somerset co. 120 m. NNW. from Portland, 50 N. from Auarusta, and 30 W. f.om Dover. Pop. 803. BRIGHT HOPE, t. Green co. Ten., 200 m. E. from Murfreesborough. BRIMFIELD, t. Hampden co. Mass., 19 m. E. Springfield, 70 WSW. Boston, 375 fromW.C. >op. 1,419. BRIMFIELD, t. Hampden co. Mass., 16 m. E. Springfield, 380 from W. C. BRIMFIELD, v. S. part of Portage co. O., 8 m. from Ravenna, contains about 200 houses and is a flourishing village. BRINGIER'S, t. and seat of justice, St. James co. Lou. BRINGREPS FARM, t. La., on the left bank of the Mississippi, 5 m. below Donald- twnville, and 75 above N. Orleans. BRINKLEYSVILLE, v. Halifax co. N. C., 225 from W. C. BRISTOL, ts. Addison co. Vt., 25 m. WSW. Montpelier, 482 from W. C. It is watered by New Haven river, Baldwin and Lewis creek, and some beautiful natural ponds. Pop. 1,233. I BRISTOL, ts. Lincoln co. Me., on E. side of the Damariscotta, at its mouth ; 13 m. E. Wiscasset, 180 NE. Boston, 609 from W. C. Here is an academy. It is a flourishing town. BRISTOL, co. S. part of Mass., bounded N. by Norfolk co. E. by Plymouth co. S. by Buzzard's Bay, and W. by Rhode Island. Chief towns, Taunton and N. Bedford. The surface of this co. is somewhat broken, but generally level. It has u maritime coast of considerable extent, and its people are ex tensively engaged in navi?ation. It abounds in excellent iron ore, and in no section of our country of its extent are more extensive manufactures of that material, for almost all the uses of man. Its manufactures amount annually to about $8,000,000. Pop. in 1830, 49,474, and in 1840, 60,164. BRISTOL, co. R. I., bounded N. and NE. by Massachusetts, E. by Mount Hope Bay, and W. by Narraganset Bay. It con tains the towns of Bristol, Warren, and Barrington. Chief town, Bristol. The soil is generally deep, and a gravelly loam of an excellent quality, producing various kinds of grain and fruit. Brisccl co. affords some of the best scenery in New England, and is noted for its being many years the residence of the cruel Philip. Pop. in 1830, 5,466, and in 1840, 6,476. BRISTOL, s-p. and cap. Bristol co. R. I., on the continent, 4 m. S. Warren, 15 S. Providence, 15 N. Newport, 56 SSW. Bos ton,^ 24 from W. C. Lon. 71 12' W. Lat. 41 35' N. It is a very pleasant town, and has a safe and commodious harbor, and is a place of considerable trade. It was dis tinguished for the part which it took in the slave-trade previous to its abolition by the American government. It owns about 7,000 tons of shipping. The trade is chiefly to the West Indies and to Europe. It con tains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, a masonic hall, 4 banks, an academy, a public library, and 4 houses of public wor ship. Great quantities cf onions are raised here for exportation. Pop. 3,490. BRISTOL, ts. Grafton co. N. H., 90 m. from Boston. Newfound pond, about 6 m. in length, and from 2 to 3m. in width, lies in this town and Hebron ; its waters are discharged through Newfound river, a stream about 2 miles long, and 100 feet wide, into the Pemi'jfewasset river. Pop. 1,153. BRISTOL, ts. Hartford co. Ct., 17 m. SW. Hartford, 331 from W. C. This town has large manufactories of wooden and brass clocks, and 30,000 are sometimes made in a year. Pop. 2,1Q9. BRISTOL, t. Ontario co. N. Y., 10 m. SW. Canandaigua, 374 from W. C. BRISTOL, bor. and t. Bucks co. Pa., on W. bank of the Delaware, 19m. NE. Phila delphia, 157 from W. C. It is a handsomely built village, pleasantly situated, and is the resort of much genteel company in the sum mer. It is opposite Burlington, N. J., the Trenton and Philadelphia rail-road passes through it, and the Delaware and Easton canal enters the Delaware here. It contains a bank and several houses of public wor ship. BRISTOL, v. Perry co. Ohio, 50 m. SE. from Columbus. BRISTOL, v. Woodstock ts. Ulster co. N. Y. It contains an extensive glass works, making 1,500 boxes of window glass per month, and has from 40 to 50 dwellings. BRISTOL, v. Bausrhman ts. Wayne co. 0. BRISTOL BAY, on the W. coast of N. A., formed by the Peninsula of Alaska on the S., and Cape Newnham on the N. Lat. 58 20' N. BROADALBIN, ts. Fulton co. N. Y., 10 ra. N. of the Mohawk, 47 from Albany. There are 2 meeting-houses for Presby- BRO 215 terians, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Baptists. Rawsonville, Union Mills, and West Gal- way are post villages. Pop. of the ts. 2,738. BROAD BAY, bay on the coast of Maine. Lon. 65 19' W. Lat. 43 50' N. BROAD CREEK, v. Queen Anne co. Md., 50 m. from W. C. BROAD CREEK, r. N. C., which runs into the Atlantic, Lon. 77 32' W. Lat. 34 42'. N. BROAD CREEK, r. Delaware, which runs into Nanticoke. BROAD CREEK, r. Md., which runs into the Potomac, Lon. 77 9' W. Lat 38 50' N. BROAD CREEK, hundred, in S. part of Sussex co. Delaware. BROADFIELD, v. Westmoreland co. Va. BRO ADHE AD'S CREEK, r. Pa., which runs into the Delaware in N. part of North ampton co. BROAD KILL, t. and hundred, in Sus sex co. Del., on Delaware bay, 173 m. from W. C. BROAD KILL, r. Delaware, which runs into Delaware bay, Lon. 75 19' W. Lat. 38 50' N. BROAD MOUNTAIN, or fourth large ridge from the Blue Mount, commences its eastern extremity in Northampton co. near the head of Pokono creek, and crosses the Lehigh at the "Turn Hole," extending westerly to the river Schuylkill. Its average height is about 1,000 feet above its base. BROAD RIVER, r. or arm of the sea, S. C., between Port Royal island and the main land. Upon this river is Beaufort. BROAD RIVER, r. S. C., formed by the rivers Enoree, Tyger and Pacolet. After a course of 40 miles, it unites with the Saluda, a little above Columbia, to form the Con- garee. BROAD RIVER, r. Georgia, which runs into the Savannah, at Petersburg. BROAD RUN, r. Va., which runs into the Potomac, Lon. 77 30' W. Lat. 39 9'N. BROCKPORT, v. Monroe co. N. Y., on the great western canal, 17 m, W. from Rochester, and 239 from Albany. It is a flourishing place and has considerable trade. Pop. 1,249. BROCKETTSVILLE, v. Oppenheim ts. Montgomery co. N. Y. BROCK VILLE, v. Clearfield co. Pa., 149 m. NW. from Harrisburg. BROCKET'S SETTLEMENT, Effing- ham co. IK, 8 m. SW. from Ewins;ton. This settlement contains 50 or 60 families. BROCKVILLE, t. and cap. Leeds co. U. C., on the left bank of the St. Lawrence, 16 m. above Prescott. It is a very flourishing place, in a fertile, well cultivated neighbor hood. BROKENSTRAW CREEK, r. Pa., which runs ESE. into the Alleghany, about 8 m. W. from Warren. It is about 40 yards wide at its mouth, and is a rapid stream, with nu merous mills on its banks. BROKEN SWORD, name of a creek in Crawford co. Ohio, running south- westward- ly into Sandusky r. BROMPTON, t. L. C., Buckingham co. on St. Francis r. BRONX CREEK, r. N. Y., which runs into East river, in Westchester. Length 28m. BROME, t. Richelieu co. L. C., SE. from Montreal. BROOK HILL, v. Montgomery co. Ten., 821 m. from W. C. BROOKE, co. NW. point of Va., bounded W. and N. by the Ohio, E. by Pennsylvania, and S. by Ohio co. Chief town, Wells- burg. Pop. in 1830, 7,040, and in 1840, 7,948. BROOKFIELD, ts. Orange co. Vt., 6 m. N. from Randolph, 17 S. from Montpelier, and 40 N. by W. from Windsor. Pop. 1,789. BROOKFIELD, ts. Carroll co. N. H., 31 m. NNW. from Portsmouth, 45 from Con cord, and 90 from Boston. Pop. 553. BROOKFIELD, v. Tuscarawas ts. Stark co. O., 10 m. W. from Canton, on the road from Canton to Wooster. It contains a church, several stores, 2 tanneries, one^team flouring mill with four run of stones, and 40 or 50 dwellings, and is increasing in popula tion. BROOKFIELD, v. Brookfield ts. Trum- bull co. Ohio, 12 and a half m. from War ren, near Penn. line. It contains 25 or 30 dwellings, several stores, 10 or 12 mechanic shops. Mails weekly from Warren and tri weekly on the route from Conneaut to Youngstown. It is a place of considerable business. BROOKFIELD, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 18 m. W. from Worcester, and 58 W. from Boston. Its manufactures consist of boots, shoes, leather, iron castings, ploughs, chairs, cabinet ware, palm-leaf hats, silver plate, shoemake r s', rolling, and shingle machines, carpenters' hammers, coach wrenches, sew ing silk, and wooden legs, amounting annu ally to $250,000. This town was settled at an early period, and during Philip's war in 1675, was at tacked by the Indians. The inhabitants col lected in one house, which was immediately besieged by the savages, who set fire instant ly to every other building in the town. For two days and nights the Indians poured in shot upon the people in the house inces santly, but were met by a most determined defence on the part of the besieged. They then attempted to fire the house by flaming torches, at the ends of long poles; but the garrison continued to defend them selves by firing from the windows and throw ing water upon the flames, as they fortu nately had a pump within the house. These attempts failing, the Indians then prepared a cart loaded with flax, hemp, and other combustible matters, and, under cover of a 216 BRO barricade of boards, thrust the burning mass by the means of long timbers against the house. In this movement one of the wheels came off, which turned the machine aside, and exposed the Indians to the fire of the garrison ; a shower of rain coming on at the same time, extinguished the flames. Shortly afterwards a reinforcement of forty men ar rived from Boston, forced their way through the enemy and joined the garrison. The Indians then abandoned the siege and re tired, having suffered a heavy loss. Pop. 2,472. BROOKFIELD, ts. Fairfield co. Ct., 6 m. NE. from Danbury, 33 NW. from New Ha ven, and 305 from W. C. The rocks in many parts of this township are lime-stone and afford marble. Still river passes nearly through its centre, and some shad are taken in its waters. Pop. 1,255. BROOKFIELD, ts. Madison co. N. Y., on the Unadilla, 22 m. S. from Utica, 93 W. from Albany, and 348 from W. C. BROOKFIELD, t. Suffolk co. N. Y., 525 m. from W. C. 207 m. from Albany. BROOKHAVEN, ts. Suffolk co. N. Y., on Long Island, 70 m. E. from New York. This is a very large township, extending from one side of the island to the other, and containing 9 post-offices, viz. Brookhaven, Satauket, Stony Brook, Middletown, Pat- chogue, Fire Place, Forge, Drowned Mea dow, and Moriches ; and 7 houses of public worship. BROOKLINE, ts, Windham co. Vt., 40 m. S. from Windsor, 10 NE. from Newfane, and 18 N. from Brattleborough. Its princi pal stream is Grassy brook, a branch of West river. An extensive bed of porcelain clay is found here. Pop. 328, BROOKLINE, ts. Hillsborough co. N. H., 9 m. SSW. from Amherst, and 65 WSW. from Portsmouth, and 43 from Boston. Nisi- tissit is the only river in Brookline. It rises in the NE. part of Mason, passes through the S. part of Milford into Brookline. Pop. 652. BROOKLINE, ts. Norfolk co. Mass., 5 m. SW. from Boston. It is a pleasant town, and contains a number of elegant country- seats- Large quantities of vegetables are raised here for the supply of Boston market. Pop. 1,365. BROOKLYN, ts. Windham co. Ct., 30 m. E. from Hartford, 44 W. from Providence, and 20 N. by E. from Norwich. This ts. is finely watered by Quinebaug river and BlackwelPs stream. Here is a cave called the Lion's Den, and a mineral spring of some notoriety. Pop. 1,480. BROOKLYN, v. Halifax co. Va., 148 m. SW. from Richmond. BROOKLYN, v. Conecuh co. Ala., 165 m. SE. from Tuscaloosa. BROOKLYN, v. Grant co. Wisconsin. BROOKLYN, v. St. Clair co. II., on the Mississippi r. opposite North St. Louis. BROOKLYN, city, on Long Island, and in Kings co. N. Y., separated from the city of New York by the narrow channel called East River. It is properly a suburb of that city, and is a place of great business. It is regularly built, and contains many fine houses, the residence of merchants from the city. The United States Navy Yard is in the east part of the town upon a bay called the Wallabout. Near this town a bloody bat tle was fought with the British in 1776, and the neighborhood exhibits many remains of the fortifications thrown up at that time. It contains about 20 churches, 4 banks, the U. S. Naval Hospital, a collegiate institute for young ladies, incorporated with a capital of 30.000 dollars ; extensive manufactories of cotton, woollen, all kinds of glass, oil carpets, saddle and harness factories, chain, cable, and engine factory, 8 or 10 distille ries, &.c. &c. ~Pop. 36,233. BROOKS, t. Waldo co. Me., by the post- road 114 m. NE, from Portland, and 45 NE. from Augusta. Pop. 910. BROOKSVILLE, t. Hancock co. Me., 80 m. E. from Augusta, on the E. side of Pe- nobscot bay, opposite to Islesborough and Castine. It is well located for navigation and fisheries. Pop. 1,246. BROOKVILLE, t. and cap. Franklin co, Indiana, on the White Water; 30 m. N. from Lawrencebur?, 42 NW. from Cincin nati and 578 from W. C. It is a very flour ishing town, finely situated, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, a print ing-office, and has considerable trade. BROOKVILLE, v. Alexander ts. Gene- see co. N. Y., 60 m. S. of Batavia ; it has a classical school, and some 15 or 20 dwell ings. BROOKVILLE, t. and cap. of Jefferson co. Pa., 165 m. NW. of Harrisburg, and 238 from W. C. It contains the usual coun ty buildings, and is a pleasant village. BROOKVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Md., on a branch of the Patuxent, 20 m. N. from W. C. BROOME, a south frontier county of the state of N. Y., bordering on Susquehannah co. Pa. and Del. r. Pop. in 1830, 17,582, and in 1840, 22,338. Binghampton on the N. branch of the Susquehannah, is the chief town. BROOME, ts. Schoharie co. N. Y., 35 m. SW. from Albany, and 381 from W. C. Livinjrstonville, Smithton, Broome, Gilboa, and Strykersville, are villages in this town ship. Pop. 2,404. BROOMVILLE, v. Delaware, co. N. Y., on Mohawk branch of Del. r. about 70 m. SW. from Albany. BROUETTE, r. Indiana, which runs into the Wabash, Lon. 87 40' W. Lat. 39 44' N. BROUGHTON, t. Buckingham co. L. C., 36 m, S. from Quebec. BROWN, co. Illinois. Pop. 4,183, A new county, BROWN, co. Wisconsin, in the NE. part, on lake Michigan, embracing the peninsula formed by Green Bay. It has Manitowoc and Calumet cos. on the S. Green Bay, BRO BRU 217 tinder the names of Navarino and Astor, is the chief town. Pop. 2,107. BROWN, pts. Carroll co. 0. BROWN, co. Ohio, on the r. Ohio, W. of Adams co. formed in 1818. Pop. 22,715. Georgetown is the chief town. BROWN, co. Indiana, bounded N. by Morgan and Johnson, E. by Bartholomew, S. by Jackson, and W. by Monroe cos. Pop. 2,364. County town not established. BROWNFIELD, ts. Oxford co. Me., on Saco r. 28 m. SW. from Paris. Population 1,360. BROWNHELM, pts. Lorain co. adjoin ing Huron co. O., 125m. E. from Columbus. BROWN INLET, channel between two small islands on the coast of N. C. Lon. 77 30' W. Lat. 34 32' N. BROWNINGTON, ts. Orleans co. Vt., 45 m. NNE. from Montpelier. Willoughby river, a branch of Barton river, furnishes this township with a good mill stream. Popu lation, 486. BRO WNSBOROUGH, t. Madison county, Alabama. BROWNSBOROUGH, v. Oldham co. Ky., 41 m. NW. from Frankfort. BROWNSBURG, t. Rockbridge co. Va., on Hay's creek, 12 m. NNE. from Lexing ton, 143 from Richmond. BROWNSBURG, v. Columbia co. Geo., 612 m. from W. C. BROWNSBITRG, v. Washington co. Ten., 462 m. from W. C. BROWN'S CORNER, v. Kennebeck co. Me., 618 m. from W. C. BROWN'S FERRY, v. Madison co. Ala bama. BROWN'S MILLS, t. Washington co. Ohio, 80 m. SE. from Columbus, 17 m. from Marietta, and 56 from Lancaster. BROWN'S PASSAGE, NW. coast of America, between Dundas and Stephen's island, leading into Chatham's sound. BROWN'S^POINT, set. Morgan co. II., 1Q m. S. from Jacksonville. BROWN'S POINT, v. Middletown ts. Monmouth co. N. J., on Raritan bay, 5 m. SE. of Perth Amboy. BROWN'S POINT, cape, S. extremity of the island of Tobago in the West Indies. Lat. 11 10' N. BROWN'S SOUND, on NW. coast of America. Lat. 55 18' N. Lon. 132 20' W. BROWN'S STORE, t. Caswell co. N.C., 80m. NW. from Raleigh. BROWN'S STORE, v. Culpeper co. Va., 70 m. NW. from Richmond, and 60 SW. from W. C. BROWNSTOWN, v. Madison ts. Butler co. Ohio. BROWNSTOWN, v. in Madison ts. But ler co. O., 93 m. from Columbus. BROWNSTOWN, t. and cap. Jackson co. Ind., 25 N. by E. from Salem. BROWNSTOWN, v. Wayne co. Mich., 16 m. SW. from Detroit. BROWN'S TAVERN, v. Ann Arundel co. Md. C 1 BROWN'S TURNPIKE, v, Albemarle co. Va., about 75 m. NW. by W. from Richmond. BROWNVILLE, t. Piscataquis co. Me., 40 m. N. from Bangor. Pop. 568. In 1810, the country between Brownville and the Chaudiere was explored, and the distance to St. Francois on that river, found to be 100 miles. BROWNVILLE, ts. Jefferson co. N. Y., S. of the St. Lawrence, at E. end of lake On tario, and N. of Black river ; 164 m. NW. from Albany, and 477 from W. C. The vil lage of Brownville is on Black r. 5 m. from its mouth, and is a place of considerable trade, and extensive manufactories of cotton, spirits, leather, &c. Pop. 3,968. BROWNSVILLE, t. and cap. Jackson co. Illinois, on Big Muddy river, 20 or 30 m. above its entrance into the Miss., and 30 SE. from Kaskaskia. It is a flourishing town, situated in a very fertile country, and has fine mill seats. The Big Muddy river is navigable a little above the town. Close to the town there is a salt spring, and 2 or 3 m. distant are immense quantities of coal. BROWNSVILLE, t. and cap. Haywood co. Ten., 275 m. SW. from Nashville. BROWNSVILLE, v. Franklin ts. Harri son co. O., 10 m. W. from Cadiz. BROWNSVILLE, v. Bowling Green ts. Licking co. O. BROWNSVILLE, t. and bor. Fayette co. Pa., on the Monongahela r. 12 m. NW. from Union, 33 S. by E. from Pittsburg, 57 ESE. from Wheeling, and 223 from W. C. It is a wealthy and flourishing town. It contains a bank and a printing-office, and has in the town and vicinity many flour mills and manufacturing establishments. Here is a convenient and an abundant sup- ply of coal. The situation of the town is singular and picturesque ; built on the side of a hill ; the houses on the most elevated part being about 300 feet higher than those on the Monongahela. Many boats are built here, loaded with produce, and takeii to Pittsburg. In the vicinity are many monuments of Indian anti unity. BROWNSVILLE, v. Maryborough dis trict, S. C., 429 m. from W. C. BROWNSVILLE, v. Union co. In., on the E. fork of White r. 60 m. NW. from Cincinnati, and 70 SE. by E. from Indiana polis. BROWNSVILLE, v. Granville co. N. C., about 50 m. N. from Raleigh. BROWNSVILLE, v. and cap. Edmond- son co. Ken., 50 m. NW. from Frankfort. BROYLE, harbor, cape, and settlement, on the E. side of Newfoundland, 15 m. NE. from Aquafort, and 30 SW. from St. John's. BRUCETOWN, v. Frederick co. Va., 78 m. W. from W. C. BRUCEVILLE, v. Knox co. In. BRULE RIVER, Wis. territory, runs into lake Superior from the SW. It has a com munication, though precarious and difficult, with the St. Croix of the Mississippi. 218 BRU BRY BRUNERSTOWN, v. Jefferson co. Ken., 609 in. from W. C. BRUNSWICK, co. S. side of Va., bounded N. by Dinwidlie and Sussex cos. E. by Greensville co. S. by North Carolina, and W. by Mecklenburg and Lnnenburg cos. Pop. 14,346. La wrenceville is the chief town. BRUNSWICK, co. SE. part, of N. C. Chief town, Smithville ; bounded N. and E. by Cape Fear river, S. by the Atlantic Ocean, W. by Columbus co. Pop. in 1830, 6,523, and in 1840, 5,268. BRUNSWICK, ts. Essex co. Vt., on the Ct., 55 m. NE. from Montpelier, and 14 N. from Guildhall. There are some beautiful ponds in this ts. and a mineral spring said to contain medicinal virtues. Pop. 130. BRUNSWICK, ts. Cumberland co. Me., on S. side of the Androscoggin, opposite Top- sham, with which it is connected by two bridges, 30 m. NE. from Portland, 145 NNE. from Boston and 581 from W. C. Pop. 4,259. Lon. 69 55' W. Lat. 43 53' N. It is a pleasant town, and has considerable trade. The falls of the Androscoggin at this place afford a number of very fine mill seats, which are improved to a considerable extent in the manufacture of cotton and wool. Bow Join College Avas incorporated in 1794, and was organized in 1802. It is pleasantly situated on an elevated plain, commanding a view of the Androscoggiu and the adjacent country. The college buildings are the president's house, a cha pel, containing in the second story the libra ry, consisting of 9,000 volumes ; and Mas sachusetts Hall, a brick building 50 feet by 40. This building contains the philosophi cal and the chemical apparatus, a laborato ry, a cabinet of minerals, and a large col lection of paintings bequeathed to the col lege by the Hon. James Bovvdoin. To this gentleman the college is also indebted for a part of the mineralogical specimens, and for a valuable collection of models in crys tallography. The philosophical apparatus is excellent, and sufficient for a complete course of experimental lectures. The legis lative government of the college is in the hands of 13 trustees, and a board of 45 over seers. The executive government is intrust ed to a president and four professors. The studies of which a knowledge is necessary in order to admission into the freshmen class, are Virgil, Cicero's Select Orations, Grceca Minora, the Greek Testament, and the four fundamental rules of arithmetic. The fol lowing is the course of study. 1st year. The English, Latin, and Greek languages, and arithmetic. 2d year. The several lan guages continued, together with geography, algebra, geometry, plane trigonometry, men suration of superficies and solids, rhetoric and logic. 3d year. The several languages continued, together with heights and dis tances, guaging, surveying, navigation, conic sections, natural philosophy, chemistry, me taphysics, history and theology. 4th year. Chemistry, metaphysics, and theology con tinued, together with astronomy, dialling, spherical geometry and trigonometry, with their application to astronomical problems ; ethics, natural law, and civil polity. For tuition, each student pays 20 dollars per annum, anJ for room rent, (for a whole room,) 10 dollars. Board is from $2 to 2,50 a week -, and wood, from 2 dollars to 2,50 a cord. Commencement is held on the first Wednesday in December. There are three vacations : the 1st, from commence ment, 4 weeks; the 2d, from Friday after the 3d Wednesday in December, 8 weeks ; and the 3d, from Thursday preceding last Wednesday in May, 2i weeks. BRUNSWICK, ts. Rensselaer co. N. Y., 6 m. E. from Troy, 10 NE. of Albany, sur face hilly, soil various. Pop. 3,051. BRUNSWICK, ts. Brunswick co. N. C., on W. side of Cape Fear r. 17 m. SW. from Wilmington. Lon. 7810' W. ; Lat.34 3' N. BRUNSWICK, s-p. and cap. Glynn co. Geo., at the mouth of Turtle river ; 95 m. SSW. from Savannah, and 747 from W. C. Lon. 80 10' W. Lat. 31 10'N. Its harbor is excellent, capable of containing a numerous fleet of men-of-war; but it is a small town. The shipping owned here amounts to 1,016 tons. BRUSH CREEK, r. Ohio, which rises in Highland co. and flows through Adams co. into the Ohio r. Large quantities of iron ore are found near the river, and several iron works and furnaces have been erected upon it. BRUSHY PRAIRIE, Wayne co. II., 1 1 m. E. from Fairfield, and contains 50 or 60 families, BRUYNSWICK, v. Shawangunk ts. Ul ster co. N. Y., 28 m. from Kingston. BRUTUS, ts. Cayuga co. N. Y., 5 m. N. from Auburn, 175 NW. from Albany, 400 from W.C. It is a very good agricultural town. Excellent limestone and gypsum are found here. It contains the villages of Weedport and Centreport. Pop. of the ts. 2,044. BRYAN, a small maritime co. Geo., bounded on the north by the Ogeechee r. which divides it from Chatham co. ; the Cannouchee r. intersects it from the SW. corner, falling into the Ogeechee about the centre of the N side. The court-house of the county is about 15 m. S. of Savannah, and 206 SE. by E. from Milledgeville. Pop. 3,181 . BRYAN, t. Bryan co. Geo., between the Comachie and Ogeechee r. about 25 m. SW. by W. from Savannah. Lat. 31 53' N. Lon. 4 30' W. from W. C. BRYANTOWN, v. Charles co. Md., on the road from Port Tobacco to Annapolis, 40 m. SSW. from the latter place. BRYANT'S CROSS ROADS, v. North ampton co. N. C., 325 m. from W. C. BRYANT'S LICK, SE. branch of Green river, Ken. BRYAR CREEK, t. Northumberland co. Pa., on E. side of theSusquehannah. BRYDIE'S STORE, t. Lunenburgco. Va., 80 m. SW. from Richmond. BUC BUF BUCHANNON, v. Lewis co. Va., on Buchannon r., 15 m. from Weston. BUCK CRELK, r. Ken., which runs into the Ohio r. BUCK CREEK, a large mill stream of Clark co. Ohio, a branch of Mad river, on which has been erected, besides a consider able number of mills, a cotton and woollen manufactory. BUCKFIELD, ts. Oxford co. Maine, 6 m. E. from Paris, 150 NNE. from Boston, 613 from W. C. Pop. 1,629. Iron ore is found here. BUCKHANAN, t. Harrison co. Va., 239 m. from W. C. BUCKHEART PRAIRIE, Fulton co. II., NE. from Lewiston. BUCKHANNON, v. Lewis co. Va., 282 m. NW. from Richmond. BUCKHEAD, creek, Geo., falls into the Ogeechee r., 60 m. below Louisville. BUCKHEAD, t. Fairfield district, S. C., 35 m. N. from Columbus. BUCKHEAD, t. Morgan co. Geo., 50 m. N. from Milledgeville. BUCKHORN FALLS, v. Chatham co. N. C., 3 15m. from W. C. BUCKINGHAM, co. central part of Va., bounded NW. and N. by James r., E. by Buckingham co. S. by Prince Edward and Campbell cos. Pop. in 1830, 18,351, and in 1840, 18,786. Chief town, New Canton. The court-house is about 20 m. SW. from New Canton, 190 from W. C. BUCKINGHAM, co. L. C., in the dis trict of Three rivers, on the right side of St. Lawrence river. BUCKINGHAM, ts. L. C., in York co. on the Ottawa river. BUCKLAND, ts. Franklin co. Mass., 10 m. WSW. from Greenfield, 105 WNW. from Boston. Pop. 1,084. It is a good farming town. BUCKLAND, t. Prince William co. Va., 40 m. from W. C. BUCKLAND, t. Hertford co. L. C., on the ri^ht side of St. Lawrence r., 20 m. SE. from Quebec. BUCKLAND, v. Tuscaloosa co. Al., 32 m. from Tuscaloosa, and 827 from W. C. BUCKLESTOWN, t. Berkeley co Va., 8 m. from Martinsburg. BUCKNERSVILLE, v. Christian co. Ken., 223 m. SW. from Frankfort. BUCK'S CREEK, r. Ken., which runs into the Cumberland r. Lon. 84 25' W. Lat. 36 46' N. BUCK'S HARBOR, bay of the Atlantic, on S. coast of Maine, in the U. S., W. of Machias bay. Lon. 63 34' W. Lat. 44 42' N. BUCKS, co. Pa., on the Delaware r., bounded SW. by Philadelphia and Montgo mery, NW. by Lehi churches, the University of. Vermont, 2 banks and 2 female seminaries. At the falls of Onion r. there are a woollen manu factory, a cotton manufactory, a paper mill, an oil mill, and ether valuable mills. Burlington is a flourishing town, and of more commercial importance than any other in the state. The University of Vermont was incorporated in 1791. It consists of 4 spacious edifices. It is finely situated on the east side of the village, one mile distant from lake Champlain, on an elevation of 330 feet above the surface of the water, and commands an extensive and delightful pros pect of the lake, with its islands, of the high mountains along the western shore, and the surrounding country. The President's house, belonging to the university, is a handsome building of wood. The library contains 8 or 900 volumes. The philosophical appara tus is tolerably complete. The funds of the institution consist chiefly in lands, amount ing to about 40,000 acres ; but a small part of which is yet leased. The board of trust ees is composed of the governor of the state, the speaker of the house of representatives, and the president of the university, ex afficiis,. together with 15 gentlemen chosen by the legislature and holding their offices 9 years, but capable of a reappointment. Five new appointments are made every 3 years. The executive government consists of a president, 5 professors, 1 of languages, 1 of mathema tics and natural philosophy, 1 of surgery and the theory and practice of physic, 1 of anatomy and physiology, and 1 of chemis try, and 2 tutors. The studies of which a knowledge is necessary for admission, are the whole of Virgil, Cicero's Select Orations, the Greek Testament, and Arithmetic. The following is the course of study : 1st year, Sallust, Cicero de Senectute and de Amicitia, Horace, Graeca Minora, part of Grseca Ma- jora, Clarke's Introduction, Neilson's Greek Exercises, Adams' Annuities, Murray's Grammar, Blair's Lectures, and Arithmetic ; 2d year, Cicero de Oratore, Livy five first books, Grseca Majora to the end, Elements of French, Geography, Logic, Webber's Mathematics, Simpson's Euclid,and Walker's Rhetorical Grammar ; 3d year, Tacitus' His tory, Cicero de Officiis, Enfield's Philosophy, Kaimes' Elements of Criticism, Paley's Mo ral Philosophy, and Chemistry; 4th year, Locke on the Human Understanding, Stew art's Philosophy, Butler's Analogy, Paley's Evidences, Vincent's Catechism, Vattel's Law of Nations, Homer's Iliad, Campbell's Philosophy of Rhetoric, and Elements of He brew. For tuition, room rent, and library, each student pays $16 a year; for board, from $1,50 to $1,75 a week. The com mencement is on the 2d Wednesday in Au gust. There are only two vacations; one from commencement, 4 weeks ; the other from the 2d Wednesday in December, 9 222 BUR-BUS weeks. The exercises of this institution were suspended for two years during the late war, and the students were all dismissed. In August, 1815, it was reorganized, and is now in a flourishing condition. BURLINGTON, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 12 m. NNW. from Boston, 476 from W. C., 10 NE. from Concord, and 11 SE. from Lowell. Pop. 510. BURLINGTON, ts. Hartford co. Ct., 16 m. W. from Hartford, 342 from W. C. Pop ulation, 1,201. BURLINGTON, ts. Otsego co. N. Y., 12 m, W. from Cooperstown, 78 W. from Al bany, 366 from W. C. It is a good agri cultural town, and contains 4 nouses for public worship. It contains 3 small vil lages, Burlington, Burling-Flats, and West Burlin-zton. Pop. 2,154. BURLINGTON, co. N. J., bounded N. by Mercer, NE. and E. by Monmouth co. and the Atlantic, S by Atlantic and Glou cester cos., and W. by Delaware river. Mount Holly is the county town. BURLINGTON, city, port of entry, Bur lington co. N. J., on Delaware r. opposite Bristol, 11 m. below Trenton, 17 above Philadelphia. It was settled in 1677. It contains a bank, 4 houses of public wor ship, an academy, two flourishing boarding schools, 1 for boys and 1 for girls, a public library, and has some considerable manu factures. It is a delightful summer residence, and much resorted to in the hot season. BURLINGTON, v. Greene co. In., on the W. fork of White r. 50 m. NE. from Vincennes, and by the postroad 72 m. SW. from Columbus. BURLINGTON, v. and seat of justice, Boone co. Ken., 14 m. SW. from Cincin nati, and by the postroad 83 m. a little E. of N. from Frankfort. BURLINGTON BAY, forming the ex treme W. part of lake Ontario, or rather a separate lake, as the surf has thrown up a bar of sand and pebbles. Over the outlet, a good bridge has been erected. BURLINGHAM, v. Mamakating ts. Sul livan co. N. Y., 4 m. below Bloomingsburg on Shawangunk creek ; it contains several stores, a church, and about 50 dwellings. BURLINGTON, t. Des Moines co. Iowa, situated on the Mississippi at the mouth of Flint r. It is the capital of Iowa territory, and a place of considerable importance. BURLINGTON, v. N. part of Licking co. O., 35 m. from Columbus. BURNCOAT ISLAND, Hancock co. Me., 13 m. E. of Deer Island. BURNHAM, ts. Waldo co. Me., 37 m. from Augusta, 30 from Belfast. Pop. 602. BURNING SPRING, v. Floyd co. Ken., 126 m. SE. from Frankfort. BURNING SPRINGS, the name given to certain springs in the W. part of the state of N. Y., chiefly in the towns of Bristol, Mid dlesex, and Canandaigua. They emit gas which may be set on fire. At Bristol the gas rises from the clefts of the slate rocks on the margin of a brook, and here it burns continually with a steady flame. Where it rises through the water it is formed into bubbles and flashes when the flame is ap plied. In Middlesex, the springs lie along a tract about a mile in length, partly at the bottom of a valley. The gas arises from the summits of little hillocks of a dark bitumin ous mould, and burns with a steady flame. In winter, when these hillocks are covered with snow, openings are made through it, and the gas, when set on fire, burns in con tact with the snow. Sometimes tubes of ice are formed about the currents of gas, and rise to the height of several feet ; when se veral of these are lighted at once in a still evening, the illumination produces a most brilliant effect. There is another burning spring upon Niagara river, about half a mile above the falls, and within a few feet of the rapids ; the water is charged with sulphuret ted hydrogen gas. In the SE. part of lake Erie, about 20 rods from the shore, is a burn ing spring rising from the bottcm cf the lake. The water is here 4 or 5 feet deep, and the stream from the spring is thrown to the surface with considerable force. When a brand is applied to the water, it bursts into a flame. If drunk, it proves a powerful emetic. BURNSVILLE, v. and cap. Yancey co. North Carolina. BURNT CORN, v. Monroe co. Ala., 183 m. S. of Tuscaloosa, and 949 from W. C. BURNT ISLAND, small island in the Atlantic, near the coast of Maine. Lcn. 68 15' W. Lat. 44 9' N. BURNT ISLAND, on the S. coast of Newfoundland, 15 m. ESE. from Cape Ray. Lon. 58 50' W. Lat. 47 30' N. BURNTLODGE, r. N. A., which runs into the Missouri, 6 m. W. from Bratton's r. BURRILLVILLE, t. Providence co. R. I., in theNW. corner of the state; about 24 m. WNW. from Providence. It contains a bank and several cotton manufactories. BURRTOWN, t. Rutherford co. N. C., 498 m. from W. C. BURSENVILLE, v. Springfield t. Bucks co. Pa. BURTON, ts. Catarausrus co. N. Y., centrally 15 m. SE. from Ellicottsx ille. Pop ulation, 530. BURTON, pts. Geauga co. Ohio, on the Cuyahoga, about 10 m. SE. from Chardon, 342 from W. C. Here is an academy. Popu lation about 1,000. BURTON, t. Sunbury co. N. Brunswick, on the W. side of St. John's river. BURTON, v. Washington co. Miso., a few miles SW. Potosi. BURTONSVILLE, v. Orange co. Va., 108 m. from W. C. BURTUSH, harbor, on the NE. coast of N. Brunswick, 15 or 20 m. from the S. extremity. BURTZTOWN, v. Northampton co. Pa. BURY, t. Buckingham co. L. C., 70 or 80 m. SE. from Three Rivers. BUSH, r. Md., which runs into Chesa peake bay, below Hartford. BUS BIF 223 BUSH CREEK, r Pa., which runs into the Delaware, in S. part of Wayne co. BUSHKILL, creek, Northampton co. Pa., falling into the Delaware r. It is between 20 and 30 m. long, and one of the finest mill streams in the state. BUoHNELL'S BASIN, v. Perrington ts. Monroe co. N. Y. on the Erie canal, 1 1 SE. from Rochester, contains some 12 or 15 houses. BUSTLETOWN, v. Philadelphia co. Pa., 14 m. NE. from Philadelphia. Here is an academy, 2 churches; and several stores. BUSHVILLE, v. Pike co. Pa., 137 m. from Hanbburg, and 232 from W. C. It is in the SE. corner of the co. on the Bush- kill creek, near its mouth. BUSHVILLE, v. Franklin co. Geo., by the postroa 1 12-5 m. N. from Milledgeville. BUSHWICK, ts. Kings co. Long Island, N. Y., on the N. side of Brooklyn, and on East River. It contains the village of Williamsburg. Pop. 1,295. BUSKIRK'S BRIDGE, v. Washington co. N. Y., 432 m. from W. C. It contains a church, 2 stores, several mechanic shops, and about 50 dwellia?s. BUSTARD, r. L. C., enters the St. Law rence near Manicouigan Point. BUSTI, ptr.. Chatauque co. N. Y., 350 m. a li'tle S. of W. from Albany, 17 m. SE. from Mayville. Pop. 1,81)4. BUTCHER'S FORGE, v. Monmouth co. N. J., on Metetecunk river, at the head of navigation, IS m. SE. from Freehold. BUTCHER TOWN, v. Richland co. S. C., about one m. from Columbia. BUTLER, co. Pa., between the Allegha- ny and Beaver rivers, bounded S. by Alle- ghany, W. by Beaver, NW. by Mercer, N. by Venango, and E. by Armstrong ; length, 35 m. ; mean wiith, 21 ; area, 810 sq. ms. ; surface hilly, soil generally fertile and well watered. Chief town, Butler. Pop. in 1830, 11,683, in 1840,22,378. BUTLER, bor. and cap. Butler co. Pa., 204 m. from Harrisburg, and 236 from W. C. It contains a court-house, jail, and several house? of public worship, and is a flourishing place. BUTLER, co. Ken., on Green r. bounded S. by Lo^an, W. by Muhlenbers, NW. by Ohio, NE. by Grayson, and SE. by W irren ; length 33 m. ; mean width, 25 ; area, 825 sq. ms. ; surface gently waving or hilly ; soil fertile. Staples, grain, flour, fruit, live stock, and salted provisions. Chief town, Mor^antown. Pop. 3,898. BUTLER, co. Ala., bounded S. by Cun- ecuh, W. by Monroe and Wilcox, N. by Montgomery, and E. by Henry ; length, 63 m. ; mean width, 30 ; area, 1,900 sq. ms. ; surface generally flat or gently rolling, with a thin soil, except along the streams. Sta- ple> cotton. Pop. in 1830, 5,650, and in 1840, 8,685 ; Greenville is the capital. BUTLER, co. Ohio, bounded on the N. by Preble and Montgomery cos. E. by War ren co. S. by Hamilton co. and W. by Ind. It is 27 m. long from E. to W. by 18 broad f.om N. to S. containing 480 sq. ms. The land is mostly of an excellent quali y for farming. Chief town, Hamilton. Pop. in 18: 0, 27,044, and in 1840, 28,173. BUTLER, ts. E. part of Wayne co. N. Y., 14 m. NE. from Lyons, 170 NW. from Albany. Pop. 2,271. BUTLER, pis. N. part of Montgomery co. Ohio, contains 5 grist mills, 4 saw mills, 1 fulling mill, 2 tanneries, 5 distilleries, and 1 woollen factory. Pop. 2,000. BUTTERHILL, mt. N. Y., on W. side of the Hudson, opposite to Breakneck Hill, 3 m. below Newburgh. Height, 1,432 feet. BUTTERMILK FALLS, Luzerne co. Pa., so called from the color of the water ; below it is a fall of about 15 feet, over a rock farmed by a creek of the same name, on which are some fine mills. BUTTE DES MORTES, v. Fond du Lac co. Wisconsin, on Fox river where it empties into Winnebaso lake. BUTTSVILLE, v. in Belfast and Canea- da ts Alleghany co. N. Y., 7 m. NW. from Angelica. It contains about 30 dwellings. BUTTS, co. Geo., bounded N. by New ton, E. by Jasper, S. by Monroe and W. by Henry ; Jackson is the seat of justice. Pop. in 1830, 4,944, and in 1840, 5,308. BUTTERNUTS, ts. Otsesro co. N. Y., on the Unadilla, 21 m. SW. from Coopers- town, 87 W. from Albany, 343 from W. C. It is a good agricultural town, and contains a forge for making bar iron, and some wa ter works. Pop. 4,057. BUTTERNUTS, r. N. Y., which runs into the Unadilla, in Oxford. Length, 30 m. BUTTON'S BAY, the N. part of Hud son's Bay, through which attempts have been made to discover a NW. passage to China. It is so called from Sir Thomas Button, who here lost his ship, and came back in a sloop built in the country. It lies between 60 and 66 N. Lat. BUXTON, ts. York co. Maine, on E. site of the Saco, opposite Hollis, 8 m. NW. from Saco, 40 NNE. from York, 118 NNW. from Boston, 569 from W. C. At this place the Saco falls about 80 feet, and produces a great hydraulic power which is partly im proved for manufacturing establishments. Pop. 2,688. BUYGONSVILLE, v. E. part of Dekalb co., Geo., 92 m. N. from Milledgeville. BUZZARD'S BAY, on S. coast of Mass., opposite Barnstable Bay. It is 30 m. Ions, and 7 wile. Lon. 70 33' to 71 10' W. Lat. 41 25' to 41 42' N. BYFIELD, a parish in Newbury ts. in Essex co. Mass., 5 m. SW. from Newbury- port. It is situated round the head of the tide on the river Parker, and between this and Mill river. It contains a cotton and, woollen manufactory, and a number of valuable mills. Dummer Academy, which is well endowed, and has a good library, 224 BYR CAH K in this parish, near Newburyport turn pike. Near the meeting-house there is a respectable seminary for the instruction of young ladies in the higher branches of edu cation. BYRA, t. Cape Girardeau co. Miso. BYRAM, ts. Sussex co. N. J. It ad joins to Newton. The ts. is chiefly drain ed by Lubler run, which receives the wa ters of Lion pond, Hopatcong lake upon the E., and by Musconetcong river, which courses the whole of the southern boundary. It is noted for its iron and other minerals. BYRAM, r. which rises in N. Y., and runs into Long Island Sound. It forms, for a short distance, the boundary between N. York and Connecticut. BYRNVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N. Y., 31 m. W. from Albany, 14 SW, from Scho harie. BYRON, ts. Genesee co. N. Y., 247 m. W. from Albany, and 10 NE. from Bata- via. Pop. 1,907. BYRON, t. and cap. Baker co. Geo., 150 m. SW. from Milledseville, and 797 from W. C. BYRON, t. and cap. Shiwassee co, Mi chigan, 68 m. from Detroit, and 575 from W. C. BYRON, v. Champais:ne co. II., three and a half miles NW. from Urbana. C. CAAMANA, Cape, on the NW. coast of America. Lon. 228 17' E. Lat. 55 29' N. CABARITA, isl. off Jamaica. Lon. 76 40' W. Lat. 18 24' N. CABARRAS, a small co. situated in the interior of N. Carolina, lying W. of the Yadkin river, bounded N. by Brown, E. by Montgomery, S. by Anson, and W. by Meck lenburg. Pop. in 1830, 8,796, in 1840, 9,259. Chief town, Concord. CABBAGE INLET, channel between two small islands, on the coast of N. Caro lina, communicating with New river. Lon. 78 7' W. Lat. 34 3' N. CABELL, co. Va., bounded by Ohio river NW. Mason and Kenhawa NE. Giles and Tazewell SE. and by Kent, or Big Sandy river SW. Length 50 m. mean width 35 ; area 1,750 sq. ms. It is a mountainous, hilly, and rocky region, with much fertile soil, well watered and wooded. Chief town, Barboursville. Pop. in 1830, 5,884, and in 1840, 8,163. CABELLSBURG, or New-Glasgow, t. Amherst co. Va., 28 m. ENE. Madison, 195 from W. C. CABIN CREEK, r. Ken., which runs into the Ohio. CABIN POINT, v. Surrey co. Va., on Upper Chinoak creek ; 26 m. ESE. Peters burg. 171 from W. C. CABOT, tP. Caledonia co. V,t., 9 m. W. Danville, 12 NE. Montpelier, 534 from W. C. It is on the height of land between the Connecticut and lake Champlain. Here is Jo and Molly's pond, and a sulphur spring. Pop. 1,444. CABOT'S HEAD, U. C., very large pro montory running into lake Huron W. of Gloucester, or Matchedash Bay, and embays a large part of that lake at its easternmost extremity, stretching itself towards the Manitou islands. CABO DE CRUZ, point on the S. side of Cuba. Lat. 19 48' N. CABO DE ST. JUAN, the NE. point of Porto Rico. Lat. 18 24' N. CABRON, Cape, St. Domingo. Lat. 19 23' N. CACHE, t. Arkansas, on White river, 52 m. W. of the mouth of St. Francis river. CACKLEY'S, v. Bath co. Va., postroad 211 m. NW. by W. from Richmond. CADIZ, v. and cap. Harrison co. Ohio, 16 m. NW. St. Clairsville, 25 W. Steuben- ville, 302 from W. C. 122 E, by N. from Columbus. It contains a large brick court house, a printing-office, about 15 stores, 6 taverns, and upwards of 200 houses. It is a flourishing and beautiful place. CADIZ, v. and seat of justice of Trigg co. Ken., on Little river, postroad 232 m.. SW. Frankfort, and 765 from W. C. It contains the usual county buildings, and i& a place of some note. CADO, r. Arkansas, one of the branches of Little Red river. CADRON, v. Pulaski co. Arkansas, laid out on a high and rocky spot on the N. side of the river Arkansas at the mouth of a small creek of the same name, 150 m. by land from the town of Arkansas. Here is a convenient harbor for boats. CADYSVILLE, v. Cuba ts. Alleghanr co. N. Y., 2 m. N. from Cuba Tillage, con tains a store, a tavern, 2 saw mills, 1 grist mill, and about 20 dwellings. CADYVILLE, v. Clinton co. N. Y., 165 m. N. of Albany, and 9 W. Plattsburg, and contains a saw-mill, forge with 2 fires, a tannery, and 12 or 15 dwellings. CESAR'S CREEK, a considerable stream which enters into the Little Miami, on the east, three miles below Waynesville, O. It rises in Green county, and affords some fine mill sites. Length about 15 miles. CAHABON, t- Mexico, 25 m. W. from Vera Paz. CAHAWBA, Ala., which, after a south erly course, unites with the Alabama, 160 m. below its forks, the Coosa and Talla- pcosa; and 210 above its junction with the Tombisbee. CAHAWBA, v. Dallas co. Ala., at the junction of the river Cahawba with the Alabama, 77 m. in a right line NE. St. Ste phens. It was laid out in 1818. It is the seat of justice for the county, and a place of some business. CAHOKIA, v. St. Clair co. II., about 1 m. E. of the Mississippi, 5 m. below St. Louis, 20 N. Harrisonville, 52 NNW. Kas- kaskia, 978 from W. C. It is a French vil lage. CAH CAL 225 CAHOES FALLS, in Mohawk river, 3 m. above its mouth. The river here is about 1,000 feet wide ; the rock over which it pours, extends across the river obliquely from SW. to NE. and is 70 feet high. From the bridge 3 of a mile below, the falls are in full view. CAHOES, v. Watervliet ts. Albany co. N. Y., on the Mohawk r. 9 m. N. from Albany. Here is great hydraulic power, derived from the falls above, and improved by a canal near 2 m. long, affording the greatest ad vantages for manufactures in the state. The canal affording the use of the water was completed in 1834; the village now contains one factory for cotton and woollen ma chinery, one for edge tools, one for ott on, linen, and woollen hosiery, an iron foundery, a carpet factory, and various mechanic shops, and about 100 dwellings. CAICOS, cluster of islands between St. Domingo and the Bahamas. The largest, called the Grand Caico, is due N. from St. Domingo. Lat. 21 N. CAIMAN'S, or more correctly Cayman's, a group of small islands in the Caribbean sea, to the NW. of Jamaica. Lon. 5 W. from W. C. Lat. 19 15' N. C AI MITES, 3 islands near the west coast of Hispaniola. CAINHOY, v. Charleston eo. S. C., 106 m. SE. from Columbia, and 530 from W. C. on the Wands river, about 10 m. NE. from Charleston. CA-IRA, v. Cumberland co. Va., 62 m. W. from Richmond, 185 from W. C. CAIRO, pts. Greene co. N. Y., 11 m. W. Athens, 340 from W. C. The village con tains 4 churches, 4 taverns, 8 stores, a grist mill, a carding and cloth dressing factory, a tannery, and about 100 dwellings. Pop. of the ts. 2,862. CAIRO, v. Alexander co. II., at the junc tion of the Ohio with the Mississippi, 80 m. S. Kaskaskia. CAIRO, t. Lancaster co. S. C., 468 m. from W. C. CAIRO, v. Sumner co. Ten., on the Cum berland, 30 m. E. Nashville, 722 from W. C. CALAIS, ts. Washington co. Maine, 204 m. from Augusta, and 806 from W. C. It is situated on the St. Croix near its mouth, and is a place of considerable importance. Pop. 2,934. CALAIS, ts. Washington co. Vt., 11 m. NE. Montpelier, 538 from W. C. It is an excellent agricultural town, and contains a nail manufactory, and valuable mills. Pop. 1,709. CALAIS, v. Randolph ts. Morris co. N. J., 6 m. NW. from Morristown. It contains a. Presbyterian church, and about 30 houses. CALCASIU, r. La., which rises several m. S. of Natchitoches, and pursuing a S. course, passes through a lake of the same name, and 3 m. below the lake flows into the gulf of Mexico, Lat. 29 36' N. Lake Calcasiu is about 30 m. long, and 10 or 12 (where widest) broad. D 1 CALDWELL, ts. Warren co. N. Y., on lake George. Pop. 692. CALDWELL, an interior co. in the west- rn part of Kentucky, bounded on the SW. by the great Cumberland river. Pop. 10,- 365. Princeton is the capital. CALDWELL, v. and cap. Warren co. N. Y., at S. end of lake George, 62 m. N. Albany, 415 from W. C. This is becoming a place of resort, on account of the beautiful scenery around lake George. It contains several large hotels, the county buildings, and about 50 dwellings. CALDWELL, v. Essex co. N. J., 10 m. NE. from Newark. It contains about 40 dwellings, and 2 Presbyterian churches. CALDWELL'S BRIDGE, v. Franklin co. Ten. CALEDONIA, v. Monroe co. N. C., 20 m. S. from Carthage. CALEDONIA, v. Henry co. Ten., 123 m. W. from Nashville. CALEDONIA, v. Sullivan co. Ind., on Busseron creek, 97 m. SW. from Indianapo lis, and 670 from W. C. CALEDONIA, v. Marion county, O., 8 m. E. from Marion, and 11 m. S. from Bucyrus, on the road leading from Le Tim- berville to Mount Gilead. It contains 17 dwellings, 2 stores, a tavern, a church, and 8 or 10 mechanic shops. CALEDONIA, v. Alexander co. H., on the Ohio river, 3 m. above America. It contains 2 or 3 stores, a dozen families, and is thought to be an important site for busi ness. CALEDONIA, co. E. side of Vt., bound ed N. by Essex co. E. by Connecticut river, S. by Orange co. and W. by Washington and Orleans cos. Pop. in 1830, 20,967, and in 1840, 21,891. Capital, Danville. Chief towns, Danville and Peacham. CALEDONIA, pts. Livingston co. N. Y., W. from Genesee river, on the road from Avon to Batavia, 30 m. W. from Canan- daigua, and 17 E. from Batavia, and 228 W. from Albany. The village contains 2 church es, one flouring and one saw-mill, a number of stores, several taverns, a large brewery, and 60 or 70 dwellings, chiefly built of lime-stone. Pop. 1,987. Gypsum abounds in the township. CALEMUT, r. Ind., which runs into the Wabash, 12 m. E. from Eel Town. CALEMICK, Big and Little, 2 small rivers which empty into lake Michigan, at its southern bend. CALF PASTURE RIVER, r.Va., which runs into James river, below Lexington. CALHOUN, co. II., bounded N. by Pike co., E. by the Illinois, S. and W. by the Mis sissippi rivers. On the rivers considerable tracts are subject to inundation, but in the interior are bluffs and ravines.; still there are considerable portions of good land. Coal is found on the Mississippi, in the south part. Guilford, 125 m. W. from V'andalia, is the capital. Population in 1835, 1,099, and in 1840, 1,741. 226 CAL CAM CALHOUN, co. Mich., bounded N. by Eaton and Barry, E. by Jackson, S. by Branch, and W. by Kalimazoo. ChLf town, Marshall. Pop. 10,599. CALHOUN, v. M'Minn co. Ten., on Hi- wassee river, postroad 130 m. SE. from Mur- freesborough, and about 75 m. SW. from Knoxville. CALHOUNSVILLE, v. Juniatta co. Pa., 42 m. N W. from Harrisburg, 149 from W.C. It is a small village of about 20 houses. CALIAQUA, port of the W. Indies, in the W. part of St. Vincent's. CALIFORNIA, Old, a province of Mexi co. It is a peninsula, extending from the bay of All-Saints, in lat. 32, to Cape St. Lucas in lat. 22 48' N. and bounded N. by New California, E. by the Gulf of Califor nia, and W. by the Pacific. A ridge of mountains runs through the centre of the peninsula. The soil is generally barren. The Jesuits made the first establishment here in 1742. Since their expulsion, the Dominican monks of the city of Mexico have had charge of the missions. The country contains 55,000 s^. ms., but in 1803 only 9,000 inhabitants. The popula tion has much diminished within the last 40 years, owing to the ravages of the small pox, &c. CALIFORNIA, New, a province of Mexi co, which extends from the isthmus of Old California, or the bay of Todos Santos, to Cape Mendocino, in N. lat. 40 19'. It is a narrow tract of country, 600 m. long, and contains 16,000 s-[. ms. The soil is as well watered and fertile as that of Old Califor nia is arid and stony. The climate is more mild than in the same htitude on the east ern coast. Good wine is now made in most of the villages established by the Spaniards along the coast S. and N. of Monterey, to beyond 37 N. lat. The European olive is also successfully cultivated in several of the settlements. The country abounds in fish and game of every description ; hares, rab bits, and stags are very common ; seals and otters are also found in prodigiaus numbers. There are 18 missionary settlements, formed by the Spaniards on the coast, which, within a few years, have made great progress in population. CALLAND'S STORE, t. Pittsylvania co. Va., 188 m. SW. from Richmond. CALLAWAY, co. Miso., bounded N. by Monroe, E. by Rails and Montgomery, S. by the Missouri r. and W. by Boonc. A con siderable portion of the country is prairie, and the soil generally fertile. Fulton is the seat of justice. Pop. in 1836, 9,520, and in 1840, 11,765. CALLAWAY, co. Kentucky, bounded N. and E. by the Tennessee river, S. by Ten nessee, and W. by Graves county. Wades- borough is the chief town. Pop. 8,870. CALUMET, Grand, on the Ottawa river, on the south sile, above the Portage de Montague, U. C. CALUMET, a large stream that rises in Indiana, winds into Illinois, turns again and enters the lake Michigan near the boundary line. CALUMET, Point an, on lake Superior, U. C., on the N. shore, the first point W. of r. Du Chene, between which places the coast, consisting of perpendicular rocks, is dangerous. CALUMET, co. Wisconsin, on the E. side of Winnebago Inke. Whitesboro' is the chief town. Pop. 275. CALUMET, v. Cook co. II., on the Calu met river near its mouth, and contains 10 or 15 houses and a post-office. CALVERT, co. Md., bounded N. by Anne Arundel co. E. by Chesapeake Bay, SW. by St. Mary's co. and W. by Prince George co. Chief town, Prince Frederick. Pop. in 1830, 8,889 ; and in 1840, 9,229. CAMANCHE, v. near the south bounda ry of Dane co. Wis. CAMANCHE, v. Dubuque co. Iowa, on the Mississippi above the mouth of Wabepi- sipimecon. CAMBAHEE, r. S. C., which is formed by two branches, called North and South Saltketcher, and runs into St. Helena Sound. CAMBRIA, ts. Niagara co. N. Y., on E. side of the Niagara, 238 m. NW. from Al bany. It contains 3 post-offices, Cambria, W. Cambria, and Pekin. Pop. 2,099. CAMBRIA, co. Pa., bounded N. by Clearfield co., E. by Huntingdon and Bed ford cos., S. by Somerset co., and W. by Westmoreland and Indiana cos. Pop. in 1830, 2,287; and in 1840, 11,256. Chief town, Ebensburg. CAMBRIDGE, ts. Lamoille co. Vt., 30 m. NNW. from Montpelier, 514 from W. C. The Lamoille river and other streams af ford it a ffood water power. Pop. 1,790. CAMBRIDGE, ts. Coos co. N. H., wa tered by the Androscoggin, 25 m. NE. Lan caster. It is uninhabited. CAMBRIDGE, v. and seat of justice, Dorchester co. Md , on the Choptank river. Lat. 38 40' N. Lon. 1 3' E. of W. C. It con tains a court-house, jail, and some fine houses, 62 m. from Annapolis, and 99 from W. C. CAMBRIDGE, v. Abbeville district, S.C., 150 m. NW. from Charleston. It contains 60 or 70 houses, and from 250 to 350 inhab itants. CAMBRIDGE, v. and cap. Guernsey co. Ohio, on Wills c:eek, 25 m. E. from Zanes- ville, 85 from Columbus.. Lat. 40 4' N. It is a flourishing place, and contains the coun ty bail lings, about 120 dwelling-houses, se veral churches, and various mechanic shops. CAMBRIDGE, ts. Middlesex co. Mass, on Charles river, centrally 3 m. WNW. from Boston. This town may be divided into three parjs. Oil Cambridge, Cam- brilge Port, and East Cambrilge; the latter is the seat of the county courts, and is im mediately connected with Boston, by Canal brilge, and the viaduct of the Boston and Lowell rail-road over Charles river. There is another bridge connecting this point with CAM 227 Chariest own. The village of Cambridge- port, whhh lies west of E. Cambri Ige, is connected with Boston by a bridge called West Boston Brilge. In the village of Old Cambridge, is Harvard College, or the Uni versity of Cambridge, the oldest and most wealihy literary institution in the U. States. It was founded in 1638, in less than 20 years after the first settlement of N. England. Its officers are a president, 20 professors, 5 tu tors, an instructor in French and Spanish, a proctor, and a regent. The library is the second in America^containing upwards of 35,000 volumes. T:"he philosophical and chemical apparatus are complete. There are belonging to the University, a valuable cabinet of minerals, an excellent anatomi cal museum, and a botanic garden, contain ing 8 acres, and furnished with an exten sive collection of trees, shrubs, and plants, both native and foreign. The college build ings consist of the University Hall, which is an elegant stone edifice, containing the cha pel, dining halls, and lecture rooms ; Har vard Hall, containing the library, philoso phical apparatus, museum, &c. ; 4 spacious brick edifices, containing rooms for students ; and several other buildings, for the accom modation of the president, professors, and students. A law school, medical school, and theological seminary, form part of the University. The number of students ranges from 3 to 400. A greater number of stu dents has been educated here than at any other college in the country. The studies of which a knowledge is ne cessary in order to admission into the fresh man class, are Virgil, Sallust, Cicero's Se lect Orations, Grseca Minora, Greek Testa ment, Ancient and Modern. Geography, Arithmetic through alligation, medial and alternate, and Algebra to the end of simple equations. Cambri Ige is a very pleasant, rich, and flourishing town. Besides the buildings of the University, it contains the U. S. Arse nal, several houses of public worship, for different denominations, 2 banks, other hand some public buildings and many very ele gant and spacious private mansions. Mount Jluburn Cemetery, about one mile from the University, contains about 100 acres of land, and is laid out with gravelled walks, and planted and embellished with a great variety of trees, shrubbery and flowers. It is a ureat curiosity, an enchanting spot, a magnificent resting-place for the dead. The Cemetery was dedicated Sep. 24th, 1831. This town has various and extensive manufactures, consisting of glass, hats, leather, boots and shoes, tin ware, rail road cars, coaches and other carriages, iron axletrees, organs, carpenters' tools, brass and britannia ware, &c. &c., amounting an nually to about 1,000,000 of dollars. Pop. of the ts. 8,409. CAMBRIDGE, v. Washington co. N. Y., 15 m. S. from Salem, 35 NE. Albany. Here is an academy, at which much attention is given to qualify young men for the profes sion of teacher, a seminary for young ladies, a number of taverns, several stores, about 150 dwellings, and several churches. CAMDEN, v. of Gloucester co. N. J., opposite Philadelphia. It is a flourishing viDage, extending along the river. The houses are neat, and many elegant. It contains a bank, and several houses of pub lic worship. It is the depot of the Camdfcn and Amboy rail-road, and the Wood bury rail road. A constant communication is .kept up between this and Philadelphia, by steam boats, and, in the summer months, it is a place of considerable resort for the citizens of Philadelphia. CAMDEN, t. of Kent co. Delaware, 3 m. SW. from Dover. CAMDEN, co. of N. C., bounded by Al- bemarle Sound SE. Pasquotank county and river SW. Virginia N. and Currituck and North river NE. Length 38 in. mean width 6; area 228 sq. ms. Chief town, New Lebanon. Pop. in 1830, 6,721, and in 1840, 5,663. CAMDEN, v. in the co. of Kent, called also Camden West, on the N. side of the river Thames, opposite to Howard, U. C. CAMDEN, ts. Waldo co. Me., on Pen- obscot Bay, about J2 m. E. from Thomas- ton, and 37 E.fram Wiscasset. Pop. 3,005. It is a small but growing village, and car ries on the business of burning lime. CAMDEN, pts. Oneida co. N. Y., 20 m. NW. Rome, 127 m. NW. from Albany, and 35 m. from Utica. The village contains 3 churches, 2 grist and one saw-mills, clothing works, several taverns and stores, and 50 or 60 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,331. CAMDEN, t. and cap. Kershaw co. S. C., on the E. side of the Wateree, at the junction of Pine-tree creek, 35 m. NE. Co lumbia, 120 N. by W. Charleston, 109 NE. Augusta. Lat. 34 17' N. Lon. 80 54' W. It is regularly laid out, and contains about 250 houses, a court-house and jail, an aca demy, a masonic hall, a brick market-house and library, an arsenal, 3 flouring mills and other mills, 4 religious societies, viz. an Episcopalian, a Presbyterian, a Baptist and a Methodist. The river is navigable for boats of 70 tons, and there is a lively trade with the back country. It is memorable for two battles fousrht here during the revo lutionary war; one the 16th Aug., 1780, between Gen. Gates and Lord Cornwallis; the other, the 23d April, between Gen. Greene and Lord Raw don. CAMDEN, co. of Geo., forming the SE. angle of that state, on the Atlantic ocean : bounded b / that ocean E. by Florida S. and SW. on the W. by Ware co. and by Glynn N. Length 28 m. mean width 25, area 700 sq. ms. Surface flat, soil sandy, and in some parts marshy. Staples, sugar, cotton, rice, tobacco, &c. Chief town, Jefferson. POP. 6,075. CAMDEN, port, NW. coast of America, 228 CAM CAN in Prince Frederick Sound. Lon. 56 45' from W. C. Lat. 56 55' N. CAMDEN, v. Carroll co. Ind., E. by N. from Delphi. CAMDEN, v. Green co. II., at the mouth of the Illinois river. CAMDEN, t. Ray co. Miso., on the Mis souri river. It has fair business prospects, the site is a good one, based upon rock, and already is a place of considerable trade. CAMDEN, v. Preble co. 0., 8 m. S. from Preble. CAMEL'S RUMP, a summit of the Green Mountains in Chittenden co. Vt. The sum mit is on the E. line of Huntingdon, 20 m. E. by S. from Burlington, 20 W. byN. from Montpelier. It is one of the highest sum mits of the Green Mountains, and its height is estimated at 3,400 feet. CAMERON'S SETTLEMENT, Fulton co. II., 8 m. NW. from Lewiston. It is a tract of good land, with a considerable population. CAMERON, ts. Steuben co. N. Y., 221 m. from Albany, and 8 S. from Bath. The Canisteo river crosses it SE. Cameron and W. Cameron have post-offices, at wliich are dense settlements. Pop. 1,359. CAMILLUS, ts. and t. Onondaga co. N. Y., on S. side of Seneca river, 10 m. NW. from Onondaga, 140 W. from Albany, and 400 from W. C. An extensive mine of gyp sum is found in this town. Pop. 3,957. Besides the village of Camillus, the ts. con tains Belleisle and Ambby. CAMPAIGN CREEK, r. Ohio, which flows into the Ohio, 8 m. above Gallipolis. CAMPBELL, co. Va., bounded N. by James river and Buckingham co. E. by Char lotte co. S. by the Appomatox, and W. by Bedford co. Pop. in 1830, 20,380, and in 1840, 21,030. Chief towns Lynchburg and New London. CAMPBELL, a co. of Georgia, bounded N. by Cobb, E. by Dekalb and Fayette, S. by Coweta, and W. by Carroll. Pop. in 1830, 3,323 and in 1840, 6,075. Campbell- ton is the capital. CAMPBELL, C. H., and t. Campbell co. Va., 10 m. S. from Lynchburg, 132 from Richmond, and 210 from W. C. CAMPBELL, co. Ken., on both sides of Licking river, opposite to the city of Cincin nati, bounded by the Ohio river N. and NE. by Pendleton S. and by Roane W. Length 32 m., mean width 10, area 320 sq. ms. Surface hilly, soil productive. Staples, grain, flour, whiskey, live stock, salted provisions, and fruit. Chief town, Newport. Pop. 5,214. CAMPBELL, co. Ten. in a triangular form, bounded by Kentucky N. by Clinch river SE. and by Anderson SW. and by Fen- tress W. Length 35 m., mean width 12, area 420. Surface hilly, and in part moun tainous : soil fertile in the valleys and along the streams. Staples, grain, flour, fruit, and salted provisions. Chief town, Jackson's- borough. Pop. in 1830, 5,110, and in 1840, 6,149. CAMPBELL'S MILLS, t. Abbeville dis trict, S. C. CAMPBELL'S POINT, cape of the NW. coast of N. America, at Cook's Inlet, SE. side. Lon. 72 15' W. from W. C, LaU 60 6' N. CAMPBELL'S STATION, v. Knox co. Ten., 184 SW. from Nashville, and 531 from W. C. CAMPBELLSTOWN, v. Steuben co. N. Y., postroad 213 m. SW. by W. from Alba ny, 289 from W. C. Contains 1 church, 2 mills, 2 taverns, and about 15 dwellings. CAMPBELLSTOWlf, v. Lebanon co. Pa., on the road from Lebanon to Harris- burg, 18 in, from the latter. CAMPBELLSVILLE, v. Giles co. Ten., 66 m. from Nashville, and 751 from W. C. CAMPBELLSVILLE, v. Henry co. Ken., 54 m. NW. from Frankfort. CAMPBELLSVILLE, v. Green co. Ken., 654 m. from W. C. and 78 m. from Frank fort. CAMPBELLTOWN, v. Edgefield dis trict, S. C., 588 m. from W. C. CAMPBELLTON, t. and cap. Campbell co. Geo., 134 m. from Milledgeville, and 715 from W. C. It is on the Chattahoochee river. CAMPEACHY, t. Mexico, in Merida or Yucatan, on the river St. Francis, in the bay of Campeachy. The port is large but shal low. It was formerly a stated maiket for logwood, of which great quantities grew in the neighborhood. Lon. 90 34' W. Lat. 19 30' N. Pop. 6,000. CAMPO BELLO, province of New Brunswick, a fertile island at the mouth of Passamaquoddy bay, separated on the SW. by a narrow passage from Lubec. It is about 9 m. long and from 1 to 3 broad, con tains many excellent harbors, and has many advantages for commerce and the fisheries. The lands are now in the hands of a single proprietor, but if offered for sale, few pla ces would settle more rapidly. CAMPTON, ts. Grafton co. N. H., on the Merrimack, 6 m. N. from Plymouth, 76 NNW. from Portsmouth, 548 from W. C. Pop. 1,513. CAMPTOWN, v. Essex co. N. J., 3 1-2 m. SW. from Newark. It contains from 80 to 100 dwellings, a church, and several mills on Elizabeth river. CAMPVILLE, v. Spartanburg district, S. Carolina. CAMUNIPAW, v. Bergen co.N. J.,SW. of Jersey City. CANAAN, ts. Essex co. Vt., in NE. cor ner of the state, on the Connecticut, 85 m. NE. from Montpelier, 606 from W. C. It contains Leeds pond, which produces an abundance of fish ; the ts. produces more fish than grain. Pop. 378. CANAAN, ts. Somerset co. Maine, on the E. side of the Kennebeck, opposite Bloom- field, 13m. E. from Norridgewock, 205 NNE. Boston, 646 from W. C. Pop. 1,379. It is connected with Bloomfield by Skouhegan CAN 229 bridge, which is erected over falls of that name. CANAAN, ts. Graf ton co. N. H., 16 m. E. from Dartmouth College, 103 NW. Portsmouth, 513 from W. C. Heart pond, so called from its figure, is situated in the centre of the ts. and upon a swell of land so elevated, that at a distance it presents the appearance of a sheet of water on a hill. It is 500 rods in length, and 200 in width. Pop. 1,576. CANAAN, ts. Litchfield co. Ct., 18 m. NNW. from Litchfield, 350 from W. C, It is on the E. side of the Housatonic, which separates it from Salisbury. The river has a fall here of 60 feet perpendicular, which affords seats for various mills and manu factories which are improved to a consider able extent. Lime-stone and iron ore are abundant ; the latter is of a very fine quali ty. Iron works on an extensive scale are established. Pop. 2,166. CANAAN, South, v. Ct., in S. part of Canaan, 345 from W. C, CANAAN, pts. Columbia co. N. Y., 23 m. NE. from Hudson, 25 SE. from Albany, 356 from W, C. It contains three villages, Canaan, Red Rock, and Canaan Corners ; the latter on the outlet of Whitting's pond, 24 from Albany, and 23 from Hudson, con tains several churches, 1 grist and 2 saw mills, 2 woollen factories, a number of stores, and 1 distillery. Pop of ts. 1,957. CANAAN, settlement in Shelby co. II., 12 m. N. from Shelbyville, a very superior tract, and increasing in population. CANAAN, a post-office in Rock island co. II., 20 m. N. from Stephenson. CANACADEA LAKE, in Honeoy, N. Y., between Honeoy and Hemlock lakes, 4 m. long, and ? m. broad. CANADA, a British province. - CANADA CREEK, West, r. N. Y., which runs south into the Mohawk, in Herkimer. Length 60 m. CANADA CREEK, East, r. N. Y., which runs S. into Mohawk, W. into Stone Arabia. Length 30 m. CANADA CREEK, r. small N. branch of Wood creek, N. Y. CAN AD AW AY, creek, N. York, in Cha- tauque co., enters lake Erie about 2 m. W. from Dunkirk. CANADA WAY, v. Chatauque co. N. Y., on a small river of the same name which runs 12 m. NW. into lake Erie. CANADERAGA, v. Otsego co. N. Y., contains some sulphur springs in repute and much frequented, 3 taverns, several stores, a grist and saw-mill, and 25 or 30 dwell ings. CANADICE, pts. Ontario co. N. Y., 216 m. from Albany, 346 from W. C., and 24 m. from Canandaigua. Pop. 1,341. CANADIAN RIVER, the great south western branch of Arkansiaw river, rises by two large branches in the mountains of New Mexico, and flowing by comparative course about 600 m. each, unite at N. Lat. 35, and 18 W. from W. C. Below the confluence of the two principal branches, the Canadian Fork continues E. 40 m. where it unites with the Arkansaw, receiving in the inter mediate distance another large branch from the SW. For the true position, course, and relative extent of the Canadian Fork, the public stands indebted to Major Long. CANAJOHARIE, ts. and v. Montgomery co. N. Y., on S. side of the Mohawk, 53 m. W. from Albany, 400 from W. C. The village is situated on the river and canal at the mouth of Bowman's creek, opposite the village of Palatine, contains 2 printing- offices, an academy, 2 churches, 8 or 10 stores, and about 150 houses. This is a place of considerable business and trade. Pop. of 'the ts. 5,146. CANAJOHARIE CREEK, r. N. Y., which runs NE. into the Mohawk, at Cana- joharie. CANALSBURG, v, Miami co. In., on the Wabash, 11 m. E. from Miamisport, 136 m. from Indianapolis, and 619 from W. C. CANANDAIGUA, ts. and v, and cap. Ontario co. N. Y., N. of Canandaigua lake, 88 m. E. from Buffalo, 110 W. from Utica, 195 W. from Albany, 365 from W. C. Lon. 77 20' W. Lat, 42 49" N. The village is situated at the outlet of Canandaigua lake, and contains a court-house, a jail, 3 banks, one of which is a branch of the Utica bank, a state arsenal, a respectable academy, 80 feet by 40, 3 stories high, with 2 school rooms, 2 recitation rooms, 21 rooms for stu dents, and apartments for the principal and his family. It likewise has a department for the preparation of school teachers. Here is also the Ontario Female Academy, located on a beautiful site, and has very spacious and commodious buildings, and is in high repute. It is a pleasant, handsome, and flourishing town, and has an extensive and increasing trade. The surrounding country is fertile. Pop. 5,652. CANANDAIGUA, lake, N. Y., in On tario co. 15 m. in length, and 1 in mean width. It receives a number of creeks, and discharges its waters at the village cf Canan daigua, into an outlet which flows NE. 20 m. joining Mud creek at Lyons. The level of Canandaigua lake is about 670 feet above that of the Atlantic ocean, 105 above that of lake Erie, and 299 above the great west ern canal at Montezuma. CANANDAIGUA, r. N. Y., which runs from Canandaigua lake, NE. into the r. Sen eca, in Junius. Length 45 m. CANARD, small r. of U. C., falls into Detroit r. between Amherstburg and Sand wich. CANARD, Isle au, in the St. Lawrence, at the confluence of the river des Prairies. CANARDS, or Duck river, U. C., falls into the Detroit, 1 m. below Grand Turkey island. CANASARAGA, v. Madison co. N. Y., 425 m. from W. C. has a church, 2 taverns, 2 stores, and 30 or 40 dwellings. CAN CANASTOTA, v. Madison co. N. Y., on Erie canal, 36 m. W. cf Utica, 122 frcm Albany, contains 4 churches for different denominations, 4 taverns, several stores, many groceries, *i number of forwarding warehouses, one nigh school, and about 125 dwellings, and is a place cf much business. CANASERAGA CREEK, r. N. Y., which unites with the Chitteningo, 4 m. from Oneida lake. CANAVARNAL, bay of the U. S., on the Pacific coast. Lon. 47 W. from W. C Lat. 45 N. CANDIA, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 15 m. SE. from Concord, 36 W. frcm Ports mouth, and 513 from W. C. The inhabit ants are mostly industrious farmers, many of whom are wealthy. Pop. 1,430. CANDOR, pts. Tioga co. N. Y., 10 m. E. from Spencer, and 328 from W. C., drained by the W. branch of the Owego and the Cattstong creeks. The village contains 2 churches, 4 grist and 3 saw-mills, several taverns and stores. Pop. ts. 3,370. CANDY'S CREEK, t. Cherokee nation, in the N W. part of Georgia. CANEADEA, pts. Alleghany co. N. Y., 10 m. SW. from Angelica, and 267 W. from Albany. The village in the centre of the ts. has a tavern, a fulling-mill, and about a dozen dwellings. Pop. ts. 1,633. CANE HILL, v. Washington co. Ar., 203 m. from Little Rock, 1,271 from W. C. CANFIELD, pts. Trumbull co. Ohio, 10 m. W. from Poland, 14 S. by E. from War ren, 50 N. from Steubenville, and 291 from W. C. Pop. about 1,500. CANISTEO, ts. Steuben GO. N. Y., on the Canisteo, 20 m. SW. from Bath, 241 WNW. from Albany, and 318 from W. C., and contains the villages of Canisteo, and East Canister, which are post villages. Pop. 941. CANISTEO, r. Steuben co. N. Y., which runs into the Tioga, near the village of Painted Post. It is navigable for boats to Arkport, 40 m. CANNAVERAL, cape of Florida, N. Lat. 28 22'. It was off this cape, April 29th, 1814, that the British brig Epervier, of 22 guns and 128 men, was captured by the U. S. sloop Peacock, Captain Warring- ton, after an action of 42 minutes. CANNING, v. Oneida co. N. Y., 16 m. SW. from Utica ; has a blast furnace sup plied with ore from Westmoreland and Kirkland ; a forge making bar iron, a tavern, a store, and 20 dwellings. CANNONBALL, r. Louisiana, which flows into the Missouri, 1,500 miles from the Mississippi. CANNON, co. Ten., middle district, a new county. Pop. uncertain. CANNONSBURG, borough, Washington co. Pa., on a branch of Chartier r.7 m. ENE. from Washington, 18 SW. from Pittsburg, and 244 from W. C. It has an elevated and pleasant situation. Jefferson College was founded here in 1802. The college edi fice is a spacious building of 3 stories* The library contains 3,000 volumes. The board cf trustees consists cf 21 members, of whom 8 may be clergymen. The execu tive government is intrusted to a president, a vice-president, and 2 professors, one of the languages, and cne of the natural sci ences. The present number cf students ranges from 120 .to 150 the number of instructors 7. The college classes are three, viz. the Sophomore, Mathematical, and the Philosophical classes. The studies of which a knowledge is required in order to be ad mitted into the sophomore class, are Caesar's Commentaries, Ovid, Virgil, and the Greek Testament. The studies of the sophomore class are Horace, Cicero's Orations, Graeca Minora and Majoia, Greek and Roman An tiquities, Geography, &c. The studies of the mathematical class are the Elements of Geometry, Algebra, Practical Gecmetry, Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, Rhetoric and HistoiV. The studies of the philoso phical class consist of Logic, Moral Philo sophy, Philosophy of Rhetoric, Metaphysics, together with a review of the studies of the preceding classes. For tuiticn each student pays 20 dollars a year; and for board from $1,50 to $2,CO a week. The commencement is held on the fourth Wed nesday in September. There are 2 vaca tions of 3 or 4 weeks each, one in the spring, and the other in the autumn. The western country has been supplied with more than 150 clergymen, who have received their education, in whole or in part, at thist college. There is a theological school con nected with the college, under the direction of the vice-president. Besides the college buildings there are 3 places of public wor ship, several stores, and mechanic shops, and many fine private dwellings. CANNONSVILLE, v. Delaware co N. Y., 141 m. SW. from Albany, has a store, tavern, grist-mill, and some 12 or 15 houses. CANNOUCHE, r. Geo., rises about 30 IB. S. from Louisville, and joins the Ogee- chee, about 20 m. above its mouth. CANOE, r. Mass., which unites with the r. Taunton, at Taunton. CANOE RIVER, r. N. A., which runs into the Mississippi, Lon. 92 3' W. Lat. 42 55' N. CANOGA CREEK, r. N. Y., which joins the Seneca, in Fayette, and affords fine mill privileges. CANOGA, v. Fayette ts. Seneca co. N. Y., about 4 m. from Waterloo, and 18 m. from Ovid, contains some 25 or 30 dwell ings. CANONICUT, isl. belonging to Newport co. R. I. It contains the town of James town, is 7 miles long and 1 broad ; 3 m. W. from Rhode Island. On S. end, called Bea ver's Tail, there is a light-house. It is a beautiful island, and has a fertile soil, pro ducing good crops of grass and grain. CANSO, seaport of Nova Scotia, on a CAN CAP 231 strait which separates Nova Scotia from Cape Breton. Near this town is a line fish ery for cod. Lon. 55 W. Lat. 45 20' N. CANTERBURY, v. Merrimack co. N. H., on E. side of the Merrimack, opposite Boscawen, 9 m. N. from Concord, and 482 from W. C. Here is a village of Shakers, containing 2 or 300 souls. Pop. 1,643. CANTERBURY, ts. Windhamco. Ct., on W. sile of the Quinebausrh; 10 m. E. from Windhatn, 14 N. from Norwich, and 371 from W. C. It is a pleasant town, and con tains 3 Congregational meeting-houses, and 1 for Baptists, and an academy. Pop. 1,791. CANTERBURY, t. Kent co. Del., 126 m. from W. C. and 8 m. from Dover. CANTERBURY, v. Orange co. N. Y., on the right bank of the Hudson r. 101 from Albany, and 276 from W. C., 5 m. S. of New- burgh. It contains a woollen factory, cotton do., an axe factory, several extensive shoe factories, 2 tanneries, one morocco factory, and several mechanic shops. Pop. about 1,500. CANTERBURY, v. Lawrence co. Ky., 137 m. from Frankfort, and 425 from W. C., in the NE. corner of the county near the Big Sandy river. CANTON, ts. Norfolk co. Mass., 14 m. SW. from Boston, and 448 from W. C. The manufactures of Canton consist of cotton and woollen goods, shoes, palmleal hats, cop per, wicking, thread, candlesticks, hoes, iron castings, trying squares, shapes, and bells, which" amount" annually to $700,000. This place is easily approached from the capital by the Boston and Providence rail-road. The viaduct or briJge on that road, at this place, is built of massive hewn granite, 600 feet in length, 63 feet above the foundation, on 6 arches, with a successiari of arches at the top. Pop. 1,995. CANTON, ts. Hartford co. Ct., 15 m. WNVV. from Hartford, and 351 from W. C. Collinsville is the principal village in the ts. at which a large amount of axes are made of a superior quality. This village presents a beautiful appearance and a noble speci men of enterprise. Pop. 1,736. CANTON, ts. and v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., 15 m. E. from Ogdensburg, 200 NW. from Albany, and 570 from W. C., upon Grasse river ; contains 2 churches, a classi cal academy, grist, saw, and oil mills, mar ble yard, satinet factory, 3 hotels, and various mechanic shops. Pop. of ts. 3,465. CANTON, v. Onondaga co. N. Y., 136 m. W. from Albany, 345 m. from W. C. and 12m. from Syracuse, on the canal : contains about 20 dwellings. . CANTON, v. Salem co. N. J., 74 m. fron Trenton, and 180 from W. C., in the SW. part of the co. CANTON, t. and cap. Starke co. Ohio, situated in the forks of the Nimishillen creek, 45 m. NW. from Steubenville, 95 WNW. from Pittsburg, 130 NE. from Co lumbus, and 472 from W. C. It is a flour shing town, and contains a bank, 2 printing- offices, 4 houses of public worship, 6 tan neries, about 20 stores, various mechanic shops, and about 300 dwellings. Pop. about 2,000. CANTON, t. Green co. Al., 69 m. S. of Tuscaloosa, and 918 from W. C. CANTON, t. and cap. Wilcox co. Ala., on he left bank of the Ala. r. about 40 m. by water below Cahaba. CANTON, v. Belmont co. Ohio, on the Dhio, opposite Wheeling, Va. CANTON, v. and seat of justice, Chero- lee co. Geo. CANTON, v. and seat of justice, Madi son co. Miss. It contains the usual county buildings, and some fine houses. CANTON, (New,) t. Hawkins co. Ten., 749 m. from W. C. CANTON, (New,) t. Buckingham co. Va. on S. side of James r. about 60 m. SW. rom Richmond, and 166 from W. C. CANTON, ts. Oxford co. Me., 67 m. NNW. from Portland, 32 from Augusta, and 606 from W. C. Pop. 919. CANTON, v. Van Buren ts. Ontario co. N. Y., on the Erie canal, 12 m. W. from Sy racuse. CANTON, t. Fulton co. E., 15 m. N. from Lewistown, 148 from Vandalia, and 837 from W. C. CANTON, t. Trigg co. Ken., 9 m. S. from Cadiz, 235 from Frankfort, and 774 from W. C. CANTON, t. Dyer co. Ten., 180 m. from Nashville, and 774 from W. C. CANTWELL'S BRIDGE, v. New Castle co. Del., on Apoquinimink creek, 21 m. SSW. from Wilmington, 49 SW. from Phila delphia. It contains about 30 or 40 houses. CANY CREEK, r. Ala., which flows into the Ten. 20 m. below the Muscle Shoals. CANY FORK, r. Ten., which runs into the Cumberland, 50 m. E. from Nashville. CAPATINA, creek and t. Belmont co. Ohio, 12 m. below Wheeling, and 15 m. from St. Clairsville, on a creek of the samo name. CAPE ANN, on the coast of Mass., Lon. 70 37' W. Lat. 42 35' N. CAPE BRETON, an island forming part of the British dominions in America, lying between the N. end of Nova Scotia, and the SW. point of Newfoundland. It extends, in a N. by E. direction, from the Lat. of 45 30' to 47 6' N. and from the Lon. of 59 45' to 61 35' W. forming a barrier between the Atlantic ocean and the gulf, which it completely landlocks, and forms into a vast inland sea ; the passage between the NE. end and Newfoundland being about 65 m. wide, intercepted, however, by the island of St. Paul, and just within the gull by the Magdalen group of isles. Cape Breton is indented from N. to S. by spacious bays, di viding it into two islands, joined together by a very narrow isthmus. The coast on all sides is also much indented by bays, making 232 CAP the figure of the land very irregular. Its area, however, amounts to about 40,000 so. ms. The French first formed a settlement upon this island, in 1712, which surrendered to a British force from New England, in 1745, and was confirmed, with all the other French possessions in North America, to England, by the treaty of 1763. Its most distinguishing property is its rich strata of coal of superior quality ; with some drea ry surface, it also presents some very fertile spots, well wooded, and containing a variety of wild animals, the skins of which form a branch of its traffic. Louisbourg, the chief town, is situated on the Atlantic coast, in the Lat. of 45 54' N. Lon. 59 55' W. The chief occupation of the people, not only of Louisbourg, but of the whole island, in addi tion to agriculture, is the cod fishery, which they pursue to some extent for the West In dia and other markets. Total population of the island, about 4,000. It was constituted a separate government in 1784, under a lieutenant-governor, appointed by the king ; but by a stretch of authority on the part of the legislative assembly and council of No va Scotia, it has reverted as a province to that government, ft> which it was originally attached. CAPE CHARLES, cape of Virginia, at E. side of the mouth of the Chesapeake ; 12 m. N. from Cape Henry. Lon. 75 58' W. Lat. 37 12' N. CAPE COD, peninsula, on the S. side of Massachusetts bay. Its shape is that of a man's arm bent inwards, both at the wrist and the elbow. It is about 65 m. long and from 1 to 20 wide. A great part of this penin sula is sandy and barren, and in many pla ces wholly destitute of vegetation ; yet it is populous. The inhabitants obtain their support almost entirely from the ocean ; the men being constantly employed at sea ; and the boys, at a very early age, are put on board the fishing-boats. In consequence of the violent east winds, it is supposed that the cape is Gradually wearing away. Lon. of the cape, 70 14' W. Lat. 42 4' N. CAPE COD BAY, between Cape Cod peninsula, and Barnstable and Plymouth cos. Mass. CAPE DISAPPOINTMENT, on W. coast of N. America, and N. entrance into Columbia river. Lon. 124 59' W. Lat. 46 19' N. CAPE ELIZABETH, v. Cumberland co. Me., 4 m. SW. from Portland, and 1 16 NNE. from Boston, 55 m. from Augusta, 538 from W. C. CAPE ELIZABETH, N. A. on the coast of Me. Lon. 70 11' W. Lat. 43 33' N. CAPE FEAR, on the coast of N. C. Lon. 78 9' W. Lat. 33 48' N. CAPE FEAR, r. N. C., the largest in the state. It is formed by the confluence of the NE. and NW. branches, which unite above Wilmington, 35 m. from the ocean. The NW. branch rises in the N. part of the state, and is navigable fcr large boats to Fayette- ville. The NE. branch rises in Sampson co. and is navigable for boats 70 m. CAPE GIRARDEAU, co. Missouri, on the Mississippi, bounded N. by St. Gene- vieve and Washington cos. and W. by the county of St. Louis. Pop. 9,359. Jackson is the seat of justice. The lands on the Mississippi and the St. Francis are fertile. The Great Swamp commences 5 m. S. of the town of Cape Girardeau, and extends 60m., being from 3 to 5 broad, to the low lands of the St. Francis. CAPE GIRARDEAU, t. Cape Girardeau co. Missouri, on the Mississippi ; 45 m. above the mouth of the Ohio, 72 below St. Genevieve, and 927 from W. C. Lat. 37 15' N. This place is rapidly improving by the natural force of trade on the river bank where the landing is excellent. It contains a steam saw-mill, a printing-office which issues a weekly journal, and several stores. CAPE HARBOR, N. A., on the coast of Me., at N. extremity of Wells' bay. Lon. 70 24' W. Lat. 43 18' N. CAPE HATTERAS, on the coast of North Carolina. Lon. 75 20' W. Lat. 35 14' N. This is one of the most remark able and dangerous capes on the coast of N. America. CAPE HENLOPEN, cape, on the coast of Delaware, at the mouth of Delaware bay, 18 m. SW. from Cape May. Lon. 75 6' W. Lat, 36 47' N. Here is a lurht-house. CAPE HENRY, on E. coast of Virginia, at the mouth of the Chesapeake, 12 m. S. from Cape Charles. Lon. 76 21' W. Lat. 35 58' N. CAPE HENRY, t. on the N. coast of the island Hispaniola, on a promontory at the edge of a large plain 60 m. long and 12 broad. Its harbor is one of the most secure and convenient in the whole island. It was the last town retained by the French in Hispaniola, and was surrendered to the blacks in 1803. It then contained 900 houses and 20,000 inhabitants. 30 leagues E. from Cape St. Nicholas. Lon. 72 16' W. Lat. 19 46' N. CAPE HOPE, the NW. point of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, on which is a light-house. "CAPE LODO, on S. coast of Louisiana, at the mouth of the Mississippi. Lon. 71 42' W. Lat. 29 10' N. CAPE LOOKOUT, on the coast of N. Carolina. Lon. 76 37' W. Lat. 34 22' N. So late as the year 1771, this cape af forded an excellent harbor, capacious enough for a large fleet in good deep water ; but the basin is now filled up. CAPE MAY, co. N. J., bounded N. by Atlantic co. SE. by the Atlantic, SW. by Delaware bay, NW. by Cumberland co. Its greatest length is 30 m. greatest breadth, 15m. The soil is generally sandy, yet some parts are productive. The chief support of the inhabitants is derived from the tim ber and cord wood trade, raising of cat- CAP- CAR 233 tie, and supplying the market with fish, clams, oysters, &c. Pop. 5,324. CAPE MAY, on the coast of N. J., at the mouth of the Delaware, 18 m. NE. from Cape Henlopen. Lon. 74 52' W. Lat. 38 57' N. CAPE MAY COURT-HOUSE, v. and seat of justice in Cape May co. N. J., a few m. N. from Cape May, 34 SE. from Bridge town, and 74 from Philadelphia, in the Lat. of 39 N. and 75 W., contains a court-house, and fire-proof offices of brick, several tav erns, 8 or 10 dwellings, and a Baptist church of brick. CAPE MAY ISLAND, at the southern point of New Jersey, 104 m. from Philadel phia. It is a noted and much frequented place of resort during the warm part of the season. CAPE NEDDICK, cape and t. York co. Me., 53 m. SW. from Portland. CAPE PEMAQUID, on the coast of Maine. Lon. 69 27' W. Lat. 43 48' N. CAPE PORPOISE, on the coast of Maine. Lon. 70 23' W. Lat. 49 21' N. CAPE ROSIERS, Me., in Penobscot bay. CAPE ST. MICHAEL, Seigniory of L. C., in Surry co. nearly opposite Quebec. CAPE SMALL POINT, on the coast of Maine, forming the E. limits of Casco bay. CAPE VINCENT, v. Jefferson co. N. Y., 498 m. from W. C., at the fork of lake Ontario, and head of the St. Lawrence river, 25 m. from Watertown, contains a church, several stores and taverns, and about 50 dwellings ; the port is a good one, and much business is done in lumber. CAPEVILLE, v. Northampton co. Va., 176 m. from Richmond, and 258 from W. C. CAPHON SPRINGS, medicinal springs, in Va., 22 m. WSW. from Winchester. The waters are impregnated with magnesia, sulphur, soda, carbonic acid, and are much visited. CAPOLICA, small r. of Mexico, in the intendency of Oaxaca, flows into the Gulf of Tehuantepec. Lon. from W. C. 19 W. Lat. 16 N. CAPTAIN JOHN'S MILLS, v. Mont gomery co. Md. CAPTINA CREEK, Ohio, runs into the Ohio r. 21 m. below Wheeling, 17 m. in length. CAPTINA CREEK, v. Belmont co. Ohio the name of a post-office in York ts., 15 m. from St. Clairsville, and on the creek above mentioned. CARAVELLE, cape of the island of Martinique, on the NE. coast. Long, from W. C. 16 4' E. Lat. 14 55' N. CARBONDALE, v. Luzerne co. Pa., 35 m. NE. from Wilkesbarre, 139 m. from Har risburg, and 247 from W. C. It is near the line between Luzerne and Wayne cos., in the NE. part of the former, is a place of consiierable trade produced by the immense quantity of stone coal found in that region It contains many fine buildings, among which are two splendid hotels an 1 two houses of public worship. A rail-road connects this 1 place with the Delaware and Hudson canal at Honsdale, 9 m. distant, by which the coal s carried to New York. Pop. about 1,500. CARDIFF, v. Lafayette ts. Onondaga co. S". Y., has one Methodist church, a tavern, 2 stores, and 10 or 12 dwellings. CARDINGTON, v. Marion co. O., 18 m. SW. from Marion. It contains a post-office, several stores, a large woollen factory, and several other mills, and is a flourishing place. CARIACO, isl. in the West Indies, de pendent on Grenada. CARIBBEAN SEA, that part of the Atlan tic Ocean lying between Cuba, St. Domingo, and Porto Rico on the N. and the republic of Columbia S. See America. CARIBBEE ISLANDS, the most eastern islands of the W. Indies, divided into Wind ward and Leeward islands. CARIBEUF, island in lake Superior, bout 200 miles NW. from the falls of St. Mary. CARIBOU, r. Canada, runs into the Sa- guena. Lat. 49 29' N. CARINACOU, one of the Grenadilla isl. in the W. Indies, with an excellent harbor, 16 m. NE. from Grenada. CARLINVILLE, the seat of justice for Macoupin co. II. It contains several stores, 1 grocery, 2 lawyers, and about 100 families, increasing rapidly. It is 50 m. NW. from Vandalia, 45 SE. from Jacksonville, 45 SW. from Springfield, and 35 NE. from Alton. CARLISLE, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 20 m. NW. from Boston, 432 from W. C. Pop ulation, 556. CARLISLE, ts. Schoharie co. N. Y., 8 m. W. from Schoharie, 36 W. from Albany, 384 from W. C. It contains the villages of Car lisle and Grosvenor's Corners ; the first con tains a church, a select school, several tav erns and stores, and 20 dwellings. Pop. of township, 1,850. CARLISLE, bor. and cap. Cumberland co. Pa., 15 m. W. from Harrisburg, 120 W. from Philadelphia, 101 from W. C. Lon. 77 10' W. Lat. 40 12' N. It is pleasantly situated, regularly laid out, built of stone and brick, and has considerable trade. It contains a court-house, a jail, a market- house, 2 banks, and 7 houses of public wor ship. Dickinson College was founded in this town in 1783. It is under the direction of the Methodists, has 3,000 volumes in the college library, and the number of students ranges from 130 to 200. The rail-road from Harrisburg to Chambersburg passes through this place. Pop. 4,000. CARLISLE, v. Nicholas co. Ken., 58 m. NE. from Frankfort, and 510 from W. C., it is the seat of justice for the county, and contains a court-house, jail, and several houses of public worship. CARLISLE BAY, on the S. coast of Ja maica, W. coast of Barbadoes, and island of Antigua. CARLISLE, pts. Lorain co. Ohio, 3 m. S. from Elyria, 5 E. from Oberlin, and 5 N. 234 BUF BUN from Legrange. The village contains 25 or 30 dwellings, a store, a grist-mill, a saw mill, &c. The township is estimated to con tain 1,000 inhabitants. CARLISLE, v. Clark co. O., 66 m. W. from Columbus, and 462 from W. C. CARLISLE, v. Sullivan co. In., 127 m. SW. from Indianapolis, and 700 from W. C. CARLISLE, v. Walnut Creek ts. Holmes co. Ohio. CARLYLE, the seat of justice for Clin ton co. Illinois, situated on the W. side of the Kaskaskia river, 125 m. above its mouth. It contains the county buildings, 6 or 8 stores, a grist and saw-mills by water power, and 50 or 60 families. It is increasing in population. CARLPORT, v. Jackson co. Iowa, on the Mississippi river. CARLO DE MONTEREY, San, the principal settlement of New California, on the W. coast of N. America, in the lat. of 36 36' N. and 121 34' of W. long. It is beautifully situated within a small bay of the same name, first discovered by Cabrillo in 1542. It was afterwards visited by the cout de Monterey, from whom it received its present name. The forests and moun tains preclude much intercourse with the in terior ; nor does it appear that there is any considerable river, either N. or S. for some distance ; otherwise it would be an inviting spot for colonization. CARLO W, v. Hopkins co. Ken., about 200 m. SW. by W. from Frankfort. CARLTON, ts. Orleans co. N. Y., 260 m. W. from Albany, and 398 from W. C, CARMEL, ts. and v. Putnam co. N. Y., 26 m. SE. from Poughkeepsie, 314 from W. C. It is the seat of justice for the county, and a pleasant place. Population of town ship, 2,263. CARMEL, ts. Penobscot co. Me., 15 m. W. from Bangor, 71 from Augusta, and 670 from W. C. Pop. 520. CARMEL STATION, v. Gilmer co. Geo., 181 m. NW. from Milledgeville, and 654 from W. C. C ARMI, t. and cap. Wh^te eo. Illinois, on the Little Wabash, 20 m. above its mouth, 40 N. from Shawneetown, 831 from W. C. It is a flourishing town, situated in a very fertile country, has 4 stores, a saw and flour ing mill, and a neat brick court-house 40 feet square, with a cupola ; the whole paint ed and neatly finished. The Little Wabash is navigable for some distance above the town. CARNESVILLE, t. and cap. Franklin co. Geo., on the Salwegee ; 125 m. NW. from Augusta, 604 from W. C. It contains a court-houss and jail r and has some trade. CAROLINA, North, see page 100. CAROLINA, South, see page 104. CAROLINE, v. Seneca co. O., 29 m. S. from Sandusky, and 16 SE. from Tiffin. CAROLINE, ts. Tompkins co. N. Y., 156 m. SW. Albany, and 300 from W. C. Pop ulation, 2,457. CAROLINE, co. E. side of Md., bounded NW. by Queen Anne co., E. by Delaware, S. by Dorchester co., and W. by Talbot co. Pop. in 1830, 9,070; and in 1840, 7,806. Chief town, Denton. CAROLINE, ts. Tompkins co. N. Y., 165 m. W. from Albany. It contains the vil lages of Caroline, Speedsville, Mott's Corners and Slaterville, at each of which is a post- office. Pop. 2,457. CAROLINE, co. Va., bounded N. by the Rappahannoc r. ESE. by Essex, King and Queen, and King William cos. SW. by Han over co. and NW. by Spottsylvania county. Pop. in 1830, 17,774; and in 1840, 17,813. Chief towns, Port Royal, and Bowling Green. CARONDELET, French village, St. Louis co. Missouri, on the bank of the Mis sissippi, 5 m. below St. Louis. It is a French settlement of about 100 houses. CARONDELET, Canal of, at New Or- leans, extends from the bayou St. John, 2 m. to a basin in the rear of the city. Vessels drawing 5 feet water enter the basin. By this channel, wate* communication is open from N. Orleans into lake Ponchartrain. CARPENTER'S POINT, v. Orange co. N. Y., 269 m. from W. C., 24 m. W. of Goshen, on the Delaware river, contains 15 or 20 dwellings. CARPENTER'S LANDING, v. Green wich ts. Gloucester co. N. J., 3 m. --SW. from Woodbury, 42 m. from. Trenton, and 148 from W. C. It contains a tavern, a church, 2 stores, and about 30 dwellings. CAROLUS, v. Vermillion co. II., 20 m. SW. from Danville, on the mail road from Vincennes to Chicago. CARRION CROW, creek of La., form ing part of the limit between Opelousas and Attacapas. CARROLL, ts. Chatauque co. N. Y.. 336 m. W. from Albany, and 327 from W. C. Pop. 1,649. CARROLL, a co. near the W. extremity of Tennessee, bordering on Wood Lake, contiguous to the Mississippi r. Pop. in 1830, 9,397 ; and in 1840, 12,362. Hunt ingdon is the chief town. CARROLL, co. Indiana, bounded N. by White and Cass co., E. by Cass and the Miami Reserve, S. by Clinton and Tippeca noe,. and W. by Tippecanoe and White. Wa bash river passes through it, besides which it embraces the lower part of Tippecanoe river. Also Rock, Deer and Wild Cat creek water the eastern and southern parts. Delphi is the county town. Pop. 7,819. CARROLL, co. Louisiana, bounded N. by Arkansas, E. by Mis. river, S. by Cata- moola co., and W. by Wachittaeo co. Chief town, Providence. CARROLL, co. Arkansas, bounded N. by Miso., E. by Searcy, S. by Pope and Johnson, and W. by Crawford and Madison counties. Carrolton is the capital. Pop. 2,844. CARROLL, co. N. H., bounded N. by CAR 235 Coos, E. by Maine, S. by Belknap, and W. by Graf.on. Chief town, Ossipee. Popu lation, H,973. CARROLL, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Stark and Columbian*, E. by Columbiana and Jefferson, S. by Harrison, and VV. by Tuscarawas and Stark. Watered chiefly by Sandy cresk on the 1ST. and Conoten in the SW. part. Carrolton is the seat of justice. Pop. 18,018. CARROLL, co. Geo., bounded N. by lands of the Cherokee Indians, E. by Camp bell and Coweta, S. by Coweta and Heard, and W. by the Alabama state line. The Chattahooche r. runs along the E. side. Pop. in 1830, 3,419 ; and in 1840, 5,252. Chief town, Carrolton., CARROLL, co. Miso., bounded N. and E. by Grand river, separating it from Chari- ton, S. by Missouri river, and W. by Ray co. The most of it is prairie. Carrolton is the seat of justice. Pop. in 1836, 2,122: and in 1810, 2,423. CARROLL, v. Fairfield co. O., near the junction of the Lancaster and Ohio canals, about 10 m. N. from Lancaster, and 23 SE. from Columbus. CARROLL, co. Kentucky, a new county. Pop. 321. County town uncertain. CARROLTON, t. and cap. of Carroll co. Miss. CARROLTON, t. and cap. of Picken co. Al. CARROLTON, t. and cap. Carroll co. Geo., 153 m. from Augusta, and 746 m. from W. C. CARROLTON, t. and cap. of Carroll co. Miso., it is 8 m. from Caton's landing on the Missouri; it is a small place, but in creasing in population rapilly. CARROLTON, v. and cap. Carroll co. 0., 120 m. NE. from Columbus, and con tains several stores, taverns, and mechanic shops, also a printing-office, from which a weekly gazette is issued. CARROLTON, v. Montgomery co. 0., on the Miami canal, 9 m. from Dayton, and 77 SW. from Columbus. It is a place of consi lerabla trade, and is increasing. CARROLTON, v. Green co. Illinois, 106 m. from Vandalia, and 887 from W. C. It is the seat of justice for the county, and rapidly improving. It contains upwards of 20 stores, 2 steam flouring mills, 2 steam saw-mills, 1 tannery, 7 lawyers, 6 physi cians, 4 ministers of the gospel, and 10 or 1,200 inhabitants. CARROLTON, v. and cap. of Carroll co. Ar. It is a small place, but increasing slowly. CARROLLSVILLE, v. Wayne co. Ten., 96 m SW. from Murfreesborough. CARRON ISLAND, small island near the coast of N. C., in Albemarle Sound. Lon. 76 10' W. Lat. 35 46' N. CARR'S MOUNTAIN, mt. N. H., in Ellsworth and Warren. CARRYING, or Portage River, Ohio, runs into the SW. end of lake Eric, 15 m. from Sandusky. CARSONVILLE, v. Ashe co. N. C., 195 m. NW. from Raleigh. CARRSVILLE, v. Hamilton co. O., con tains some 15 or 20 houses. CARTER, co. East Tennessee, bounded N. by Virginia, E. by N. C., S. by N. C., and W. by Sullivan and Washington cos- Pop. 5,372. Chief town, Elizabethtown. CARTERET, co. N. C., on Core Sound. Pop. 6,590. Chief town, Beaufort. CARTER'S, t. Stokes co. N. C., 355 m. SW. from W. C. CARTER'S, t. Scott co. Indiana, 80 m, S. from Indianapolis. CARTER, co. Ken., a new county, county town and population uncertain. CARTER'S BAY,, on NW. coast of America. Lat. 52 58' N. CARTER'S CREEK, r.. N. C., which runs into the Atlantic. Lat. 34 42' N. CARTER'S MOUNTAIN, mt. Albemarle co. adjoining Monticello, a little to the SW... 2 m. S. from Charlottesville. It is about 800 feet above the Rivanna. CARTER'S STORE, v. Halifax co. Va. CARTERSVILLE, t. Cumberland co.. Va., on the S. side of James River, 42 m.. W. by S. npi Richmond^ 171 from W. C. Here is a tobacco warehouse. CARTHAGE, t. Oxford co. Me., 46 m. NW. from Augusta, and 619 from W. C. CARTHAGE, v. in Brighton, ts. Monroe co. N. Y., at the lower falls of the Genesee^. 5 m. from lake Ontario, and about 30 NWV from Canafidaigua, and 2 m. from the Erie canal. It is the port of steamboats and other vessels from the lake, and contains 3 public houses, several warehouses, stores, the office of the customs, and 60 or 70 dwell ings ; goods landed from the quays are drawn to the warehouses on the upper bank, 160 feet above the river, upon an inclined piano by machinery. CARTHAGE, v. Jefferson co. N. Y., 147 m. from Albany, and 437 from W. C., and contains several mills, a nail factory, a blast furnace, 2 forges, a number of taverns and stores, and 50 or 60 dwellings. There are 2 fine bridges over the river here. CARTHAGE, t. and cap. Moore co. N. C., 40 m. .NW. from Fayetteville, 381 from W. C. CARTHAGE, t. and cap. Smith co. Ten., on the Cumberland r. 50 m. E. from Nash ville, 140 W. from Knoxville, 691 from W. C. It contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and several houses of public wor ship. It is a place of increasing import ance, being at the head of steamboat navi gation. CARTHAGE, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, 8 m. N. from Cincinnati, 2j from Lockport, 3 from Reading, and 6 from Springdale. It contains 10 mechanic shops,, a number of stores and taverns, about 60 dwellings, and is a place of considerable business. CARTHAGE, v. Tuscaloosa co. Ala., 50 m. NW. from Cahaba. CARTHAGE, v. Fishkill ts. Dutchess co. 236 CAR CAS N. Y., on the Hudson river, 14 m. below Ponghkeepsie, contains about 30 houses. CARTHAGE, v. Union co. Ken., on the Ohio, at the mouth of Highland creek, 11 m. N. from Morganfield. CARTHAGE, t. and cap. of Hancock co. II., situated in a prairie 9 m. from the Mis sissippi, between the waters of Bean and Long creeks, and contains a number of stores, various mechanics, physicians, &c. Coal is near in abundance. Property has lately risen in value about 50 per cent. CARVER, ts. Plymouth co. Mass., 8 m. W. from Plymouth, 28 S. from Boston, 447 from W. C. Here is a pond which contains valuable iron ore, and the town has 3 fur naces. Its manufactures consist of iron castings, boots, shoes, boxes, willow baskets, &c. Annual amount about $50,000. Pop. 995. CARVER'S RIVER, Iowa, which runs into the St. Peter's on the N. side about 40 m. above the junction of the latter with the Missis sippi. CARVER'S TRACT, an extensive tract of country in Wisconsin territory lying on the Mississippi from the mouth^f Chippe- way river to the falls of St. Jmhony, ex tending eastward to about the 13th deg. W. Longitude from Washington. Said tract was purchased of the Indians by Jonathan Carver in the year 1767, and is now held as individual property. The Chippeway river has its whole course in it, and is navi gable for boats 200 miles. It is near this stream that the celebrated Chippeway pine ries are situated, and numerous saw-mills are erected, to improve the advantages offered by a profitable lumber trade down the Mississippi. This tract is included in Crawford county, and contains both timber and prairie land. CASAGIANDE, t. of New Mexico, in the N. part of New Navarre. Here is an immense edifice, supposed to have been built by the ancient Mexicans for a fortress; it consists of 3 floors, with a terrace above them, and the entrance is at the second floor, so that a scaling-ladder was necessary. Lon. 113 23' W. Lat. 33 40' N. CASCADES, Isle de, in the St. Lawrence, at its entrance into lake St. Louis. CASHTOWN, v. Adams co. Pa., 8 m. NW. from Gettysburg. CASS, co. Geo., bounded N, by Murray, E. by Chero, S. by Paulding, and W. by Floyd cos. Cassville is the county town. Pop. 9,339. CASS, co. Mich., bounded N. by Van Buren, E. by St. Joseph, S. by Indiana, and W. by Berrien. Chief town, Cassopolis. Pop. 5,710. CASS, co. In., bounded N. by Pulaski and Fulton, E. by Miami, S. by Miami Re serve and Carroll, and W. by White. It is intersected from E. to W. by the Wabash river. Logansport is the cap. Pop. 5,480. CASS, co. Illinois, bounded N. by Sange mon river, separating it from Sangemon co. E. by Sangemon co. S. by Morgan, and W. by the Illinois river, separating it from Schuyler. The land is about equally divided into timber and prairie, the surface undulat ing, and the soil generally very rich. Beardstown is the capital. Pop, 2,981. CASSVILLE, t. and cap. of Cass co. Geo. CASSVILLE, v. Grant co. Wis., on the E. bank of the Miss, river, 27 m. S. from Prairie du Chien. CASCO BAY, isl. New Brunswick, in Passamaquoddy bay. CASCO BAY, in Maine, between Cape Elizabeth on WSW. and Cape Small Point on ENE. Within these capes, which are about 20 m. apart, there are about 300 small islands, most of which are cultivated, and are much more productive than the main land on the coast of Maine. Portland har bor is on the W. side of the bay. CASSADAGA, small lake, Chatauque co. N, Y., about 8 m. from Dunkirk on lake Erie. It is connected by a river of the same name, 40 m. long, with the Cone- wango. The river is navigable throughout its course for boats of 20 tons. CASSADAGA, v. Chatauqne co. N. Y., on the creek of the same name, about 8 m. from Mayville. CASEY, co. Ken., bounded N. by Mer cer, E. by Lincoln, S. by Pulaski and Rus sell, and W. by Adair. Chief town, Liberty. Pop. 4,930. CASEYVILLE, v. Casey co. Ken., 70 m. S. from Frankfort, and 601 from W. C. CASH CLAP SETTLEMENT, v. John son co. Ten., 907 m. from W. C. CASH RIVER, Illinois, which flows into the Ohio, 7 m. above its entrance into the Mississippi, 15 below Wilkinsonville. CASH RIVER, Wis. T., runs into lake Superior, 3 m. E. from Dead river. It is 30 yards wide at its mouth. CASHIE, r. N. C., which runs into th Roanoke. Lon. 77 3' W. Lat. 35 57' N. CASHVILLE, v. Spartanburg district, S. C., Ill m. N. from Columbia. CASPIAN, a small lake in Greensborough, Vt. It is a head water of the Lamoile. CASSA GRANDE, ruins of Mexico, in Sonora, on the Rio Gila. These very exten sive and curious remains are evidently of Aztec construction, though separated above 1,000 m. from the other existing monuments of that anciently civilized people. The ruins, which are known by pre-eminence as la Cassa Grande, are situated on a plain near the bank of the Gila. Lon. from W. C. 36 25' W. Lat. 33 40' N. CASSEDY'S CREEK, v. Nicholas co. Ken., 538 m. from W. C. CASSINA, or Red Cedar Lake, N. Ame rica, one of the sources of the Mississippi r. It is about 8 m. long and 6 broad, and dis charges itself by a winding stream 50 m. long into lake Winnepeg. The waters of the Cassina are pure and transparent, and are supplied with pike, carp, trout, and cat fish. It has an island covered with red ce- CAS CAT 237 dar trees. Its shores are lined with the elm, maple, and pine, interspersed with fields of Indian rice, reeds, and rushes, and here and there a gravelly beach. On the NW. side it receives two streams, the Turtle and La Beesh. CASSOPOLIS, v. and seat of justice, Cass co. Mich., near the SW. part of the state, contains a court-house, jail, a church, several mechanic shops, and 3 taverns. CASSVILLE, v. Iowa co. Mich., 1,028 m. from W. C. CASTILE, ts. Genesee co. N. Y., 244 m. W- from Albany, and 353 from W. C. The village on Wolf creek has a grist-mill, seve ral saw-mills, taverns, stores, and 25 or 30 dwellings. Pop. 2,833. CASTINE, r. Me., which runs into Pe- nobscot bay. It is 14 m. long, and naviga ble 6 m. CASTINE, s-p. Hancock co. Me., on the E. side of Penobscot bay, 122 m. ENE. from Portland, 250 NE. from Boston, 693 from W. C. Lon. 68 46' W. Lat. 44 24' N. This is a pleasant and flourishing town, finely situated, has a commodious and excel lent harbor, and contains a bank, and has considerable trade. Pop. 1,188. CASTLEMANS,r. the eastern constituent branch of the Yonghiogeny river, rises in Alleghany co. Md., between Meadow and Negro mountains. It first flows NE. about 12 ^m. into Somerset co. Pa. Through the latter co. this stream curves 30 m. and falls into the Youghiogeny, 11 m. N. from the Md. line, and opposite the eastern foot of Sugar Loaf mountain. The fall in this stream is considerable, where it is passed by the U. S. road. CASTLETON, ts. Rutland co. Vt., 65 m. N. from Bennington, 65 SSW. from Montpe- lier, and 434 from W. C. Bombazine lake is chiefly in this township. It is stored with fish, and has an island near its centre of exquisite beauty. The village of Castleton is elevated, neatly built, and presents a great variety of rich and beautiful scenery. It abounds in mill streams, on which are a woollen factory and many other establish ments. Pop. 1,769. CASTLETON, v. Rensselaer co. N. Y., 357 m. from W. C., 9 m. S. of Albany, on the Hudson, has about 25 houses. CASTLETON, v. Seneca ts. Ontario co. N. Y., 9 m. W. from Geneva, on Flirt creek, has several mills, and about 20 dwellings. CASTLETOWN, ts. Richmond co. N. Y., on N. end of Staten Island, 9 m. SW. from New York. The Marine Hospital, which may accommodate 2 or 300 sick, and the Quarantine and Health establishments of the city of N. Y., the villages of Facto- ryville, New Brighton and Tompkinsville, are in this township. It contains many splendid private mansion-houses, owned by people in N. Y. city, and during the sum mer months is a place of great resort by parties of pleasure from the city. Pop. 4,275. CASTOR, t. Madison co. Miso. CASTOR'S RIVER, Newfoundland, falls into St. John's harbor. CASWELL, co. N. part of N. C., bound ed N. by Virginia, E. by Person, S. by Orans:e, and W. by Rockingham cos. Chief town~ Yanceyville. Pop. ' 14,693. CASWELL, v. and seat of justice for Caswell co. N. C. CATAHOOLA, parish of La,, bounded by Concordia E. and SE. Rapides S. and SW. and by Ouachitta NW. and N., length 80 m., mean width 25, area 2,000 sq. rns. Surface hilly in the SW. part, and level in the NE, It is nearly intersected into two equal sec tions by Ouachitta river. The soil is in ge neral extremely sterile, and covered with pine timber. Some very productive tracts lie along the streams, upon the small prai ries, and on Sicily island. Staples, cotton, live stock and lumber. Chief town, Har- risonburg. Pop. 4,955. CATAHOOLA, r. of La., rises in the parishes of Natchitoches and Ouachitta, and flowing SE. enters the parish of the same name, expands into a lake 30 m. in length, by from 3 to 6 m. wide, turns E., contracts again to a river of about 70 yards wide, flows 10 m. and joins the Ouachitta and forms Black river, after an entire compara tive course of 120 m. The country drained by the Catahoola is generally sterile pine woods. CATAHOOLA, lake of La. This lake is remarkable. It is a natural reservoir, filled and emptied by turns. When the Mis sissippi river is rising, it throws a volume over the intermediate space into the Oua chitta, which thus swelled, forces the cur rent to repulse into the Catahoola lake, which then becomes filled ; but as the Mis sissippi depresses, the water drains from the lake, and in autumn its bottom becomes one great meadow of succulent herbage, with the river winding its devious way through its wide-spread plain. CATAHUNK, one of the Elizabeth isl ands, Mass. CATALINA, harbor, on the E. coast of Newfoundland, S. from Cape Bonavista. Lon. 24 50' E. from W. C. Lat. 48 40' N. CATARACT RIVER, N. A., falls into the Columbia, about 200 m. from its mouth. CATTARAUGUS, co. SW. part of N. Y., bounded N. by Niagara and Genesee cos, E. by Alleghany co. S. by Pa., and W. by Chatauque co. Ellicottsville is the chief town. Pop. in 1830, 16,726, and in 1840, 28,872. CATTARAUGUS, v. Chatauque co. N. Y., 315 m. from Albany, and 460 from W. C., on lake Erie, at the mouth of Cattarau- gus creek. CATTARAUGUS, r. N. Y., which after a W. course of 40 m. falls into lake Erie, 25 m. S. from Buffalo. CATAWBA, r. which rises in NW. part of N. C., and passes into S. C., where it takes the name of Wateree. It unites with 238 CAT the Congaree about 30 m. SE. from Colum bia, to form the Santee. CATTAWISSA, v. and ts. Columbia co. Pa., on the E. branch of the Susquehannah, 20 m. NE. from Sunbury, 72 m. from Har- risburg, and 182 from W. C. It is a place of considerable trade. Pop. of the Is. about 3,500. CATETANT CREEK, r. N. Y., which joins the Oswego, 23 m. Ions. CATHARINE, ts. Chcmnig co. N. Y., 165 m. NW. from New York, and 200 WSW. from Albany, 18 W. from Spencer, and 15 m. NW. from Elmira. Pop. 2,424. CATHANTS, r. Me., which runs S. into Merrymeeting bay, at Bowdoinham. CATHERINE'S, St., island on the coast of Geo., in lat. 31 30' N. Lon. 81 W. CAT ISLAND, on the coast of La. and Miss., about 6 m. long by one quarter of a mile mean width ; lying between the passes of Marianne. It was on the outside of this island that the British fleet lay during the invasion of La. 1814 and 1815 ; 53 m. NE. by E. from New Orleans. CAT ISLAND, the name at present given to Guanahani, or St. Salvador, one of the Bahamas, and the spot where the first dis covery of America was made. Columbus discovered this island on the 12th of Octo ber, 1492, landed upon it, and took formal possession in the name of the king and queen of Spain. The island is about 60 miles long and 12 wide, but is not a place of any com mercial or political importance. It is in Lat. 24 30' N. Lon. 75 W. C ATISTOBOLE, r. W. Florida, runs into the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 85 16' W. CATLETTSBURG, v. Greenup co. Ken., 151.m. from Frankfort, and 408 from W. C. It is on the Ohio river in the extreme NE. corner of the state. CATLIN, t. Chemung co. N. Y., 185 m. from Albany, and 291 from W. C., 12 NW. from Elmira. Pop. 1,119. CATONSVILLE, v. Baltimore co. Md., 44 m. from W. C., 36 N. from Annapolis. CATO, ts. Cayuga co. N. Y., on S. side of lake Ontario, 24 m. N. from Auburn. Pop. 2,380. CATOCHE, Cape., NE. promontory of Yucatan in N. America, where the English adventurers from Jamaica first attempted to cut loewood. Lon. 8 50' W. from W. C. Lat. 58 8' N. See Honduras. CATS' CREEK, a mill stream in Wash ington county, O., rising in the hills between Duck creek and the Mnskingum r. CATS CREEK MILLS, v. Washington co. O., 327 m. from W. C. C ATSKILL, r. N. Y., runs SE. and joins the Hudson at Catskill. Its mouth makes a good harbor for sloops. CATSKILL, ts. and v. cap. Greene co. N. Y., on the Hudson, at the entrance of the Catskill, 5 m. below Hudson. The village is built principally on a single street parallel to this creek, and contains the county build ings, 2 banks, an academy for females, seve ral churches, grist and saw-mills, an exten sive sash-factory, 2 paper mills, 14 ware houses and docks, about 50 stores, and va rious mechanic shops. It is a place cf great business, and exports large quantifies of sole leather, lumber, butter, grain, flour, brick, hay, wood, flax seed, pet and pearl ashes, beef, tallow, hides, wccl, &c. &c., amounting annually to about $1,050,COO. Pop. of the township, 5,339. CATSKILL MOUNTAINS, a branch of the Shawangunk ridge, being a detached por tion of the great Apalachian chain cf moun tains ; forking off from the ridge towards the north near the Hudson, and afterwards mak ing a bend towards the west. The general height of these mountains is about 3,COO feet, and they abound with the mcst beauti ful scenery. The quarter ir.ost visited by travellers is at the eastern extremity cf the ridge, where, on a spot called the Pine Orchard, 2,274 feet above the waters cf the Hudson, has lately been erected an elegant hotel, called the Catskill Mountain House. Few places of fashionable resort, (says Mr. John Marshall, to whom we are indebted for this interesting sketch of the place) present stronger attractions to the tourist than this spot. A few years ago this delightful letreat was almost unknown and rarely visited, but by the hardy hunter in pursuit cf the deer, the bear, and the wolf, who had hitherto maintained undisturbed possession of its cliffs and caverns. At length the tale of the extent and beauty of the prospect, and the grandeur of the scenery, drew the atten tion of individuals of taste, and the glowing descriptions they gave, effectually roused the attention of the pur.lic. Each successive season the number cf visitors increased, till the temporary buildings, at first erected for their accommodation, gave place to a splen did hotel, 140 feet in length, and 4 stories high. This establishment was erected by the Mountain Association at an expense of about $22,000. It occupies the eastern verge of a table of rock some six acres in extent. An excellent line of stages is established to this place from Catskill, a distance cf 12 m. The ride to the foot cf the mountain is not particularly interesting but as you ascend, every moment developes something magnifi cent and new. The sides of the mountain, steep and seemingly inaccessible, tower far above you, clothed in the rich, deep foliage peculiar to such regions; while below >our path a clear stream runs, one moment bub bling over its rocky bed, and the next leap ing down in cascades to the valley. The road is extremely circuitous, and so com pletely hemmed in by the luxuriant growth of forest trees, that the traveller is for a long time unable to judge of his progress in the ascent by any view of the country he has left. At an abrupt angle cf the road, how ever, he obtains at once a full view of the Mountain House p.erched like the eyrie of an eagle among the clouds or rather like the enchanted castle in a fairy tale ; seem- CAU- CEC 239 ingly inaccessible to mortal foot, still it re- minis him of such terrestrial comforts as are sure to bs acceptable after exercise in the pure air of the mountains. Another turn, and it again disappears, and the traveller next finis himself on the lavel rock of the Pine Orchard, and approaching the hotel from the rear. A moment more, and he is on the edge of the precipice in front of the noble bail ling. From this lofty eminence all inequalities of surface are overlooked. A seemingly endless succession of woods and waters farms and villages, towns and cities, are spread out as upon a boundless map. Far beyond rise the Tagkannuc moun tains, and the highlands of Connecticut and Mascachusetts. To the left, and at a still greater distance, the Green mountains of Vermont, stretch away to the north, and their blue s immits and the blue sky mingle together. The beautiful Hudson, studded with islands, appears narrowed in the dis tance, with steam-boats almost constantly in sight ; while vessels of every description, spreading their white canvas to the breeze, are moving rapidly over its surface, or idly loitering in the calm. These may be traced to the distance of nearly seventy miles with the naked eye ; and again at times all below is enveloped in dark cloud and rolling mist, which, driven about bj ihe wind, is con tinually assuming new, wild, and fantastic forms. From the Pine Orchard a ride or walk of a mile or two brings you to the Kauterskill falls. Here the outlet of two small lakes leaps down a perpendicular fall of 180 feet. It then gliles away through a channel worn in the rock, to a second fall of 80 feet. Below this it is lost in the dark ravine through which it finds its way to the valley of the^Catskill. The waterfall, bold as it is, forms however but one of the many interesting features of this scene. Standing on the edge of the first fall, you look down into a dreary chasm, whose steep sides, cov ered with the dark ivy and the thick foliage of summer, seem like a green bed prepared for the reception of the waters. Making a circuit from this spot, and descending about milway of the first fall, you enter a footpath which conducts into an immense natural amphitheatre behinl the waterfall. The effect of this scene is imposing beyond de scription. Far over your head projects a smooth surface of rock, forming a magnifi cent ceiling to this amphitheatre. In front is the ever-filling water, and beyond, the wild mountain dell with the clear blue sky above. CAUGHXAWAGA, v. Montgomery co. N. Y., 404 m. from W. C., 41 m/NW, from Albany, upon the Caya lutta creek, opposite Fultonsville, containing a woollen factory, and other mills, and about 50 houses. CAVAILLON, t. St. Domingo; on the NW. peninsula, 16 m. W. by S. from St. Louis. CAVAZATES, t. Cuba, 120 m. E. from Havannah. CAVENDISH, ts. Windsor co. Vt., on Black r. 60 m. SE. Montpelier, and 471 from W. C. Pop. 1,427. It contains 4 woollen factories, manufactures of tin, and majiy other branches of mechanics. CAVETOWN, v. Washington co. Md., 94 m. N W. from Annapolis, and 75 from W. C. CAVESVILLE, v. Orange co. Va., 119 m. from W. C. CAWENISQUE, r. Pa., which runs into the Tioga on the borders of N. Y. CAYES, Les, t. St. Domingo, 13 leagues W. by S. from St. Louis. Lat. 18 12' N. CAYUGA, co. N. Y., E. of Cayuga lake, bounded N. by lake Ontario and Oswego co. E. by Oswego, Onondaga, and Courtland cos. S. by Tompkins co. and W. by Cayuga lake, Seneca and Ontario cos. Pop. in 1830, 38,897, and in 1840, 50,338. Chief town, Auburn. CAYUGA, v. in Aurelius ts. Cayuga co. N. Y., on E. side of Cayuga lake ; 179 m. W. from Albany, and 386 from W. C., 10 m. from Auburn, and 12 from Geneva. It is a flourishing place, and has considerable trade ; a steamboat runs from this place to Ithaca. It contains 3 taverns, several stores, and mechanic shops, and about 60 houses. CAYUGA, lake, N. Y., commences at the mouth of Fall creek, in Tompkins co. and extending nearly north, with a mean width of 2 m., 40 m. to the village of Cayuga, where it again contracts into a small river, which, a short distance below Cayuza, unites with the Seneca outlet. Cayuga lake forms part of the natural channel of water communication from the grand canal of N. Y. to the Susquehannah r. CAYUGA, v. Claiborne co. Miss., 60 m. NNE. from Natchez. CAYUGA CREEK, r. N. Y., which unites with Buffalo creek in SE. corner of Buffalo. Length 28 m. CAYUTA, ts. Chemune co. N. Y., 10 m. NW. from Spencer, 188 from Albany, and 279 from W. C., 20 NE. from Elmira. Pop. 835. CAYUTA CREEK, r. N. Y., which runs S. into the Susquehannah, near its union with the Tioga. Length 35 m. CAZENOVIA, ts. and v. Madison co. N. Y., 130 m. WNW. from Albany, 386 from W. C., llm. from Morrisville. Here is a pleasant and flourishing village, situated on Cazenovia lake, 8 m. S. of the Erie canal, 40 W. from Utica, contains 1 bank, 4 churches, 2 woollen factories, paper mill, oil mill, a manufactory of wire harness for weaver's looms, a methodist seminary, one do. for young ladies, &c. &c. ; many of the buildings are of the first order. Pop. of the ts. 4,153. CECIL, co. Md., bounded N. by Penn sylvania, E. by Delaware, S. by Kent co. and W. by Chesapeake Bay and the Sus quehannah. Pop. in 1830, 15,432, and in 1840,17,232. Chief town, Elkton. 240 CEC CEN CECILTON, v. Cecil co. Md., 12 m. SE. from Elkton. CEDAR, creek and t. in the northern part of Shenandoah co. Va., 180 m. NW. from Richmond. CEDAR, lake, British N. America, be tween lake Winnipeg and the Saskatchewine river. Lon. 22 30' from W. C. Lat. 53 N. CEDAR CREEK, Rockbridge co. Va., runs into James river. The Natural Bridge, over this creek, is 12 m. S. from Lexington, and is a great curiosity. The river runs through a chasm, which is 90 feet wide at the top. The sides are 250 feet high, and almost perpendicular. The bridge is a huge rock thrown across this chasm at the top. It is 60 feet wide, and covered with earth and trees, and forms a sublime spectacle when beheld from the margin of the creek. CEDAR, co. Iowa, next W. of Scott co. intersected by Cedar river. Rochester is the principal town. CEDAR BRIDGE, v. Stafford ts. Mon- mouth co. N. J., 33 m. S. from Freehold, upon the E. branch of Wading river. It contains a saw-mill, 2 taverns, and several dwellings, surrounded by a pine forest. CEDAR CREEK, runs into the Missouri from the N. in St. Charles co. Miso. CEDAR CREEK, r. N. J., which runs into the Atlantic, Lat. 39 55' N. CEDAR CREEK, r. Delaware, which runs into Delaware bay, Lat. 38 56' N. CEDAR CREEK, r. S. C., which runs into the Great Pedee. CEDAR CREEK MOUTH, v. Franklin co. Kentucky. CEDAR GROVE, v. Shelby co. Al., 97 m. E. of Tuscaloosa, and 777 from W. C. CEDAR GROVE, t. Union district, S. C., about 70 m. NW. from Columbia. CEDAR ISLAND, small isl. in the At lantic, near the coast of Va. CEDAR POINT, v. Essex co. N. Y., 114 m. N. of Albany, 491 from W. C. CEDAR POINT, cape on the coast of Maryland, at the mouth of the Patuxent. CEDAR POINT, s-p. Charles co. Md., on the Potomac ; 12 m. SSE. from Port Tobacco, 69 SSW. from Baltimore. CEDAR RIVER, r. Miss., which runs S. into the Gulf of Mexico. It is E. of the Pascagoula, and unites with it at its mouth. CEDAR RIVER, or Kechikigm, r. North- West Territory, which runs into lake Michi gan. CEDAR SPRING, v. Maury co. Ten., 54 m. SW. from Nashville, and 512 from W. C. CEDAR SHOALS, t. Chester district, S. C., 88 m. N. from Columbia. CEDARS, v. U. C., on the left bank of St. Lawrence, 30 m. above Montreal. CEDARVILLE, v. Cumberland co. Va. CEDARVILLE, Cumberland co. N. J., 191 m. from W. C., on Cedar creek at the head of navigation about 4 m. from its mouth, 7 S. from Bridgeton, 77 from Tren ton. It contains a grist and saw-mill, and an extensive button manufactory. Pop. about 400. CEDARVILLE, v. Musquetin co. Iowa. CEDARVILLE, v. Richland ts. Clinton co. 0., 50 m. SW. from Columbus. CENTERVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Bibb co. Ala., on the Cahaba river, about 70 m. N. from the v. of Cahaba. CENTRAL SQUARE, v. Oswego co. N. Y., 120 m. NW. by W. from Albany, con tains a store, tavern, and 15 or 20 dwellings. CENTRE, co. central part cf Pa,, bound- ed N. by Lycoming co. E. by Northumber land co. S. by Miffiin and Huntingdon cos. and W. by Clearfield co. Pop. 20,492. Chief town, Bellefonte. CENTRE, t. Guilford co. N. C., 69m. NW. from Raleigh. CENTRE, t. Natchitoches parish, La. CENTRE-HARBOR, Is. Strafford co. N. H., on N. side lake Winnipiseogee ; 36 m. N. from Concord, 552 from W. C., and 604 from Boston. Measley pond is partly in this ts. Squam lake furnishes fine trout, and has several islands valuable for grazing. It is a delightful resting-place during the sum mer season, for the tourist to the White moun tains. CENTREBURG, v. Liberty ts. Knox co. 0., 13 m. SW. from Mount Vernon. CENTREFIELD, v. Fairfield ts. High land co. O. CENTREPORT, v. Brutus ts. Cayuga co. N. Y., on the Erie canal, 154 m. from Albany, contains about 25 houses. CENTREVILLE, v. Green co. Wiscon sin, on Sugar cr. CENTREVILLE, v. Portland ts. Cha- tauque co. N. Y., contains about 30 houses. CENTREVILLE, v. Claverack ts. Col umbia co. N. Y., 8 m. NE. from Hudson, contains 2 grist mills, and some 15 or 20 houses. CENTREVILLE, v. and ts. Alleshany, N. Y., 264 m. SW. Albany, and 339 from W. C., 18 from Angelica ; the village con tains about 30 dwellings. CENTREVILLE, v. Centre ts. Union co. Pa., 4 m. SW. from New Berlin. CENTREVILLE, v. Schuylkffl co. Pa., at the coal mines, 4 m. from Pottsville. CENTREVILLE, v. E. Bethlehem ts. Washington co. Pa., 18 m. SE. from W. C. CENTREVILLE, v. Slippery Rock ts. Butler co. Pa., 14 m. W. from Butler, 214 m. from Harrisburg, and 254 from W. C. CENTREVILLE, v. Mount Pleasant ts. Wayne co. Pa., 12 m. NW. from Bethany. CENTREVILLE, v. Kowlton ts. Warren co. N. J., 10 m. NE. from Belvidere, con tains a tavern, a church, and a number of dwellings. CENTREVILLE, v. Tyler co. Va., 7 m. E from Middlebourn. CENTREVILLE, v. Wabash co. II., 115 m. SE. from Vandalia, 718 from W. C. CENTREVILLE, settlement in Adams and Schuyler cos. II., on an excellent prai rie, and timber land, undulating, healthy, and CEN CHA 244 watered by the head branches of McKee's and Crooked creeks. CENTRE VI LLE, v. Cayuga co. N. Y., 154 m. from Albany and 352 from W. C. CENTREVILLE, v. Crawford co. Pa., 240 from Harrisburg and 307 m. from W. C. CENTREVILLE, t. and cap. Queen Anne co. Md., 15 m. S. from Chester, 21 N. from Easton, 71 from W. C. It is pleasantly sit uated in a fertile tract of country, and con tains a court-house, a jail, a Methodist meet ing-house, and about 70 houses, and is a place of some trade. CENTREVILLE, v. Newcastle co. Del., 57 m. N. from Dover, and 118 from W. C. CENTREVILLE, t. Fairfax co. Va., 23 m. W. by S. from W. C. CENTREVILLE, t. Anderson co. S. C., 570 m. from W. C., 159 N\V. from Columbia. CENTREVILLE, t. Livingston co. Kon., 834 m. from W. C. Here is an academy. CENTREVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Ohio, 9 m. SE. from Dayton, and 70 SW. from Columbus, containing 3 houses of pub lic worship, several mechanic shops, stores, and about 60 dwellings. CENTRE VILLE,v. Morgan co. Ala., 141 m. N. from Tuscaloosa, and 753 from W. C. CENTREVILLE, t. Wilkes co. Geo., 89 m. NW. from Milledgeville. CENTREVILLE, v. Fayette co. Ken., with an academy. CENTREVILLE, v.Columbiana co.Ohio, 150m. NE. from Columbus, 295 from W. C. CENTREVILLE, v. Arenac co. Mich., 139 m. from Detroit, 1,173 from W. C. CENTREVILLE, v. and seat of justice, m Wayne co. Ind., on the main fork of the W. branch of White-water river, 63 m. E. from Indianapolis, and 510 from W. C. It is situated on the national road, and is a pleasant and flourishing place. CENTREVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Hickman co. Ten., on Duck river, 74 m. SW. from Nashville, and 767 m. from W. C. It is in a fine tract of country, and a pleasant and flourishing place. CENTREVILLE, v. Belmont co. Ohio, about 140 E. from Columbus, and 300 from W. C. CERES, v. M'Kean co. Pa., in the NE. corner of the co. near the line of N. Y. CERF, Isle aw, small isl. in the St. Law rence, at the confluence of the river Des Prairies. CHABAQUIDDICK, isl. Mass., near the E. end of Martha's Vineyard. CHACTOOLE BAY, N W. coast of Ame rica, S. of Norton sound, between cape Den bigh and Besborough island. CHAFALIA, properly Jllchafalaya, a diverging branch of the Mississippi river. CHAGRINE RIVER, r. Ohio, which runs into lake Erie, in NE. part of Cuya- hoga co. CHAGRINE RIVER, v. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, 483 m. from W. C. CHAGUE, r. of N. America, in the pro vince of Panama, rises on the isthmus of F 1 Darien, between the bay of Panama and Point San Bias, and flowing W. by compara tive courses 60 m., turns to N. 30 m., falls into the Caribbean sea, between Porto Bello and conception. It is navigable only a short distance for sea-vessels to Cruces ; but for boats down the stream, it is the channel of commerce between the two oceans. CHALCO, t. Mexico, 18 m. SE. of the city of Mexico. CHALEUR, large bay of the Gulf of St.Lawrence, separating N. Brunswick from L. C. Ristigouche r. enters its head, Lat. 48 N. CHALK LEVEL, v. Orange co. N. C., 49 m. NW. from Raleigh. CHAMBERLAIN'S MILLS, v. Seneca Falls ts. Seneca co. N. Y. CHAMBERS, co. Al., bounded N. by Randolph, E. by Georgia, S. by Russel and Macon and W. by Tallapoosa cos. Chief town, Lafayette. CHAMBERSBURG, v. Clinton ts. Jack son co. O., 10 m. NE. from Jackson C. H. CHAMBERSBURG, v. Fountain co. In., 66 m. NW. from Indianapolis. CHAMBERSBURG, t. bor. and cap. Franklin co. Pa., 14m. from Maryland line, 52 W. from York, 76 NW. from Baltimore, 137 W. from Philadelphia, 92 from W.C. Lat. 39 57' N. It is situated on elevated ground at the confluence of Falling Spring with Conococheague creek, which afford excel lent seats for manufactories and mills, which are improved to a considerable extent. Here are now in operation, a large merchant-mill, a paper-mill, and a large mill for manufactur ing binders' boards from straw, an oil-mill, a fulling-mill, 2 breweries, and a spinning fac tory with about 660 spindles. It has also ma nufactories of excellent cutlery, and many other manufacturing establishments of less note. It is a pleasant, flourishing, and healthy town,and contains a court-house, a jail,county offices, a market-house, a bank, an academy, and 7 houses of public worship. Several of the churches are large, having spires with 2 bells in each. In the vicinity of the town, there are large quantities of blue lime-stone, freestone and marble. It is on the turnpike from Harrisburg to Pittsburg, and there is also a turnpike from the borough to Balti more. The rail-road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg is completed as far as this place, which gives an increased impetus to business. The surrounding country is fertile and well cultivated. Pop. about 3,500. CHAMBERS CREEK, Orange co. N. Y., a small stream near Newburgh, on which is erected a cannon foundery. CHAMBLY, seigniory, in Kent and Bed ford cos. L. C. on the river Sorel, 12 m. E. Montreal. Here is a fort and a village of about 100 houses. CHAMPAIGN, co. Ohio, on Mad river, a branch of the Miami, bounded N. by Lo gan, E. by Union and Madison, S. by Clark, and W. by Miami. Pop. in 1830, 12,130, and in 1840, 16,721. Chief town, Urbanna. 242 CHA CHAMPAIGN, co. Illinois, bounded N. by the attached part of Vermillion, E. by Vermillion, S. by Coles, and W. by Macon and M'Lean cos. It is watered by the head branches of the Sangemon, Kaskaskia, and Big Vermillion. It contains extensive prai ries indented with beautiful groves of timber, with a fertile soil. Urbanna is the county town. Pop. in 1835,1,045, and in 1840,1,475. CHAMPION, pts. Jefferson co. N. Y., on Black river, at the head of the Long Falls, 52 m. N. from Rome, 148 NW. Al bany. The village contains 1 church, a ta vern, 3 stores, and 25 dwellings. CHAMPION, v. Trumbufl feo. Ohio, 4 m. N. from Warren. CHAMPLAIN, ts. v. and port of entry, Clinton co. N. Y., on lake Champlain, 15 m. N. from Plattsburg, 185 from Albany. It is watered by the Chazy, and contains numerous mills and manufactories, such as flour, iron, carding, and dressing mills, &c. Pop. of the ts. 3,632. CHAMPLAIN, Lake, between New York and Vermont. Its whole length from White hall, at its southern extremity, to its termina tion 24 m. N. of the Canada line, is 128 m., its breadth varies from half a mile to 16 m. Its surface covers about 600 sq. ms. The principal streams which flow into it from the east, are the Missisque, Lamoile, Onion, and Otter creek; those from the west are the Chazy, Saranac, Sable, the waters of lake George, and Wood creek. The whole extent of country drained by these waters, is between 6 and 7,000 sq. ms. There are several large islands in the north ern part of the lake, the principal of which are North and South Hero, and the Isle La- motte. The outlet of the lake is the river Sorel, which runs N. into the St. Lawrence. About 800 tons of shipping are employed on the lake, owned principally at Burlington, and in the summer season a steamboat plies from Whitehall to St. John's through its whole length. A battle was fought on this lake on the 1 1th of September, 18 14, in which the American fleet under commodore Mac- donough gained a complete victory over the British. CHANCELLORVILLE, v. Spottsylvania co. Va., 75 m. N. from Richmond. CHANDELEUR ISLANDS, in the gulf of Mexico, near the coast of W. Florida. CHANDLER'S RIVER, r. Me., which runs into Englishman's bay. CHANDLERVILLE, ts. Somerset co. Me., 39 m. N. from Augusta, and 637 from W. C. Pop. 372. CHAPALA, the largest lake of Mexico It lies just above Lat. 20 N. about 120 m W. of the city of Mexico, and is 90 m. long and 20 broad, covering an area of 1,225 sq CHAPEL HILL, v. Orange co. N. C. on a branch of Cape Fear river, about 1< m. S. fromHillsborough, 24 W. from Raleigh and 309 from W. C. The situation, in an elevated and broken country, is pleasan and healthy. It is the seat of the Univer- ity of N. C. This seminary was incorpo- ated in 1788, and liberally supported by mblic donations and private benefaction. The revenues are at present ample. It has 1 instructors, and the number of students anges from 75 to 100. The libraries have about 5,000 volumes. The studies of which a knowledge is required in order to gain ad- nission to this institution are Caesar's Com mentaries, Sallust, Virgil, Mair's Introduc- ion, and ten chapters of St. John's Gospel. The studies during the first two years, are he languages and geography ; during the hird year, mathematics ; and during the burth, natural, intellectual, and moral phi- bsophy. The annual expenses for board, uition, &c. amount to about 140 dollars. The commencement is held on the first Thursday in June, after which there is a vacation of 6 weeks; there is another vaca- ion of 4 weeks in December. CHAPLINTON, t. Monroe co. Ken., 138 m. S. from Frankfort, and 673 from W. C. CHAPINSVILLE, v. Hopewell ts. Onta rio co. N. Y., 3 m. NE. from Canandaigua, contains a church, several mills, a carding and cloth dressing mill, an oil mill, machine shop, several stores and taverns, and is a place of much business. CHAPLIN, Windham co. Ct., 30 m. E. by N. from Hartford, and 10 m. W. by N. from Brooklin. It is watered by Natchaug river, which passes nearly through its cen tre. Pop. 794. CHAPTICO, v. St. Mary's co. Md., 12 m. NW. from Leonardtown, and 56 from W. C. CHARATON, east, and Charaton, west, 2 rivers of Missouri, rising in the angle be tween Les Moines river and Grand river, and flowing S. fall into the Missouri 220 m. above St. Louis, and 120 below the mouth of Kansas r. CHARDON, t. and seat of justice, Geauga co. Ohio, 12 m. from the mouth of Grand river, which empties into lake Erie, 160 NE. from Columbus. CHARETTE, t. Montgomery co. Miso., on the N. side of the Missouri river, 40 m. above St. Charles. CHARITON, co. Miso., bounded S. by Missouri river and Howard co. W. by Ray co. E. by Rails co. and N. by the state line. This county is drained by the two Charaton rivers. Chief town, Keytesville. Pop. in 1830, 1,780, and in 1840, 4,746. CHARITON, t. Chariton co. Missouri, is under a bluff on the river of the same name, at the confluence of the Little Chariton. It contains several handsome brick houses, a saw and grist-mill, a distillery, and 2 hotels. It is 25 m. W. from Franklin. CHARLEMONT, ts. Franklin co. Mass., 14 m. W. from Greenfield, 110 WNW. from Boston. Deerfield river meanders through this township, and gives it a good water power. Its manufactures consist of boots, shoes, leather, iron castings, axes, hoes, CHA 243 palm hats, saddlery, scythe snaths, and lather boxes. Pop. 1,127. CHARLES, co. Md., bounded N. by Prince George co. E. by St. Mary's co. SW. and W. by^the Potomac. Pop. in 1830, 17,666, and in 1840, 16,023. Chief town, Port Tobacco. CHARLES, r. Mass., which flows into Boston harbor, near that town. It is navi gable to Watertown, 7 m. W. from Boston. CHARLESBURG, t. Montgomery co. Md., 26 m. from W. C. CHARLES CITY, co. Va. on the penin sula between James and Chickahominy rivers ; length, 26 m. ; mean width, 8 ; sur face hilly, or rolling. Staples, grain, flour, and tobacco. Pop. 4,774, Charles city is the capital. CHARLES CITY, v. and seat of justice, Charles city co. Va., 30 m. from Richmond, and 152 from W. C. CHARLESTON, ts. Penobscot co. Me., 73 m. NE. from Augusta, and 25 SW. from Belfast. Pop. 1,269. CHARLESTON, ts. Montgomery co. N. Y.,on S. side of the Mohawk, 40 m. WNW. from Albany, 412 from W. C. Pop. 2.103. It is of large extent, and contains 4 houses of public worship. CHARLESTON, v. Cecil co. Md., 10 m. W. from Elkton, 47 NNE. from Baltimore, and 63 from W. . It has an academy and a meeting-house, and several stores. Pop. about 500. CHARLESTON, v. Sullivan co. N. H., on Connecticut r., 51 m. W. from Concord. CHARLESTON, v. and seat of justice, in Clarke co. In., near the Ohio r. and the mouth of Eleven mile creek, 15 m. above Louisville, is a place of considerable trade, contains a handsome court-house, jail, several taverns and churches, and various mechanic shops. CHARLESTON, t. on the SW. side of the island of Nevis, in the West Indies. Il is the seat of government, and defended by a fort. CHARLESTON, district, S. C., bounded N. by the Santee river, E. and SE. by the Atlantic, and W. by Colleton district. Chief town, Charleston. Pop. 82,661. CHARLESTON, city and s-p. S. C., in a district of the same name; 120 m. SSE. from Columbia, 118 NE. from Savannah, 580 SSW. from Baltimore, 771 SSW. from New York, 544 from W. C. Lon. 79 54' W. Lat. 32 47' N. It is situated on a point of land, made by the junction of the rivers Cooper and Ashley, which by their union form a commodious harbor, opening to the ocean below Sullivan's Island, seven miles below the city. The passage over the bar at the mouth of the harbor, though deep and safe, is difficult to find. It is strongly de fended by 3 forts on different islands in the harbor. It contains 10 or 12 respectable public buildings, and 18 or 20 churches. Most of them are handsome, and some of CHARLESTON. REFERENCES. Boroughs. [1] Cannon, [2] Radcliffe, [3] Wiagg, [4] Mazyck, [5] Hampstcad. Public Places. [A] United States arsenal, [B] Potter's Field, [C] Places of worship, [D] Citadel, [E] Pub lic Square, [F] Fort Washington, [G] Arsenal, [H] Markets, [I] Orphans' house, [K] Baths, [L] Public : b] n |t'ate Bank, [c]' Bank of S.Carolina, [p] Planters' and Merchants' Bank, [f] Union Bank, [g] City Hall, [h] Court-house, ti] State Offices, [j] Circus, [kj Medical College, [1] Poor-house, [m] Work-house, Ln| Hospital [o] Jail, [p] Exchange, [q] Foundery, [r] Steam Mill, [s] Mnrtello Tower, [t] Lucas Mill, [u] Mill-poud, [v] Canal, [w] Beimel's Ford, [x] Saw Mill, [y] Wind Mill, [z] Moore's w. 244 CHA CHARLESTON EXCHANGE. them magnificent. There are but 3 or 4 j larger city libraries in the United States, than that of Charleston. It contains be- ' tween 13 and 14,000 volumes. The orphan j asylum is a noble and munificent charity, which maintains and educates 130 orphan children. There is a fund also for educat ing at the South Carolina college such boys as manifest distinguished talents. Many of the charitable institutions of this hospitable city are munificently endowed, and afford ample and efficient relief to the various spe cies of distress, for the alleviation of which they are designed. It is regularly laid out ; and handsomely and in some parts splendidly built. The site was originally low and marshy ; but the low places have been filled up, and so raised that the streets are per fectly dry. The houses are spacious, and have piazzas to court the breeze. The squares are shaded with the pride of China and other beautiful trees, and the gardens with orange trees, and the inhabitants have had the taste to surround their dwellings with the multiflora rose, and other ornamen tal shrubs and fragrant flowering plants, which impart to a northern stranger the idea of a tropical flower garden. Though this city has been more than once desolated by the yellow fever, it is considered healthier for acclimated inhabitants, than the sur rounding country. The planters from the low country and many opulent strangers from the West Indies come here to spend the sickly months, and to enjoy the elegant and enlightened society, with which this city abounds. The "city owns a large amount of shipping, and in the value of its exports is the fourth city in the Union. By the way of Norfolk and across the bays, it has rapid and easy steamboat communications with the northern cities, and by the South Caro lina railroad, it has communications with the interior of the state and Georgia. In 1820, the population was 24,780, of which more than half were slaves. In 1830, 30,289, and in 1840, 29,262. CHARLESTOWN, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 1 m. N. of Boston. The principal part of the town is beautifully situated on a peninsula formed by Mystic and Charles rivers, which unite immediately below in Boston harbor. A bridge across Charles river connects the town with Boston, and two others across Mystic river connect it with Maiden, and with Chelsea. There is also a bridge across a bay of Charles river, on the west side of the town, connecting it with Cambridge. The public buildings are the state prison, the Massachusetts insane hospital, an alms-house, town-house, three banks, and several houses for public wor ship. A navy yard of the U. S. occupies the SE. part of the town. It consists of about 60 acres of land, on which are erect ed a marine hospital, a spacious ware house, an arsenal, powder magazine, and a house for the accommodation of the super intendent, all of brick; and two immense wooden edifices, under which the largest vessels of war are built. The celebrated battle of " Breed's hill," commonly, but in correctly called " Bunker hill battle," was fought in this town, June 17, 1775. Its manufactures consist of soap, candles, boots, shoes, hats, morocco, chairs, cabinet-ware, vessels, combs, tin-ware, and spirits, amount ing annually to about 300,000 dollars. It has considerable shipping, engaged in for eign and domestic commerce. Population, 11,484. CHARLESTON, v. Stokes co. N. C., Ill m. NW. Raleigh, and 341 from W. C. CHARLESTON; ts. Orleans co. vt., 53 m. N. from Montpelier, and 570 from W.C. Echo pond, the outlet of lake Seymour, wa ters this township. Lake Seymour is a large sheet of water, and passes N. into Memphremagog. Pop. 731. CHARLESTON, v. Hunterdon co. N. J., 10 m. W. from Flemington, contains a tav ern, stores, and a number of dwellings. CHARLESTON, t. and cap. of Coles co. II., on the borders of the Grand Prairie, 78 m. NE. from Vandalia, and 707 from W. C. CHARLESTOWN, ts. Sullivan co. N. H., 51 m. W. from Concord, and 447 from W. C. It is on the Connecticut river, and contains 2,000 inhabitants. It is divided into two parishes, called the N. and S. parishes, in each of which is a small village. CHARLESTOWN, ts. Washington co. CHA 245 R. I. It lies on the sea, opposite Block Island; contains 5 large ponds. Pop. 923. CHARLESTOWN, t. and cap. Jefferson co. Va., 20 m. NE. from Winchester, 8 S. from Shepherdstown, 63 from W. C., and 182 m. from Richmond. CHARLESTOWN, t. and cap. Kenhawa co. Va., on the Kenhawa, near the mouth of Elk river, 308 m. W. from Richmond, and 356 from W. C. CHARLESTOWN. t. Mason co. Ken., on the Ohio, at the mouth of Laurens' creek, 6 m. N. from Washington, and 60 NE. from Lexington. CHARLESTOWN, v. Portage co. Ohio, 4 m. W. from Ravenna, and 140 m. NE. from Columbus. CHARLESTON, v. Clark co. O., 40 m. W. from Columbus, and 436 from W. C. CHARLESTOWN, v. Brooke co. Va., on the Ohio river. CHARLESTOWN, v. Lancaster co. Pa., on E. bank of the Susquehannah, 4 miles below Columbia. CHARLOTTE, v. New Fane ts. Niagara co. N. Y., 7 m. N. from Lockport. CHARLOTTE, v. in Gates ts. Moproe co. N. Y., at the mouth of the Genesee. CHARLOTTE, co. New Brunswick ; bounded S. by the bay of Fundy, and W. by the St. Croix and Passamaquoddy bay. Chief town, St. Andrews. CHARLOTTE, ts. Washington co. Me., 184 m. E. from Augusta, and 800 m. from W. C. Pop. 666. CHARLOTTE, ts. on the E. side of lake Champlain, in Chittenden co. Vt., at the dis tance of 10 m. S. of Burlington, and 13 N. of Vergennes. Pop. 1,620. CHARLOTTE, ts. Chatauque co. N. Y., 325 m. W. of Albany, and 349 from W. C. Pop. 1,428. CHARLOTTE, co. Va., on Staunton r., 'bounded by Lunenburg E. Mecklenburg SE. Halifax or Roanoke r. SW. CampbellNW. Buckingham and Prince Edward NE., length 33 m. mean breadth 18 ; area 600 sq. ms. Part of the soil along the streams is excel lent. Chief town, Maryville. Pop. in 1830, 15,252; and in 1840, 11,595. CHARLOTTE, C H. Charlotte co. Va., 105 m. SW. from Richmond. CHARLOTTE, v. and seat of justice for Mecklenburg co. N. C., on Sugar creek, a branch of Catawba r., 46 m.^S. of States- ville, and about the same distance SW. of Salisbury. Lat. 35 16' N. Lon. 3 48' W. from W. C. CHARLOTTE, v. and seat of justice, Dickson co. Ten., 30 m. W. from Nashville. Lat. 36 6' N. Lon. 10 15' W. from W. C. CHARLOTTE, v. S. C., at the junction of Tusaloo and Broad rivers. CHARLOTTE, r. bay and harbor, W. coast of E. Florida. The river rises in the interior of the peninsula, and flows W. into the bay. CHARLOTTEBURG, v. Brunswick co. N. Carolina. CHARLOTTE FORT, S. C., at the junction of the Tugaloo and Broad rivers, the forks- of Savannah river. Lon. 8-2 35' W. Lat. 34 N. CHARLOTTE-HALL, t. St. Mary's co. Md., 56 m. SSE. from W. C. It derives its name from an academy, which consists of 3 brick buildings, calculated to accommo date 100 students. The situation is elevat ed, pleasant, and healthy. CHARLOTTE'S BAY, on the SE. coast of Nova Scotia. Lat. 44 35' N. CHARLOTTE'S TOWN, t. island of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. CHARLOTTE'S TOWN, Prince Ed ward's Island, in the bay of St. Lawrence ; on a deep bay, S. side of the island. CHARLOTTE'S TOWN, formerly Rousseau, the capital of Dominica, 21 m. SE. of Prince Rupert's bay, on a point of land on the SW. side of the island. Lon. 61 25' W. Lat. 15 25' N. CHARLOTTESVILLE,t. and cap. Albe- marle co. Va., 86 m. WNW. from Rich mond, 40 SE. by E. from Staunton, and about 1 N. from Rivanna r. A college was es tablished at Charlottesville in 1819, called Central college, or University of Virginia. It forms part of a grand plan of education adopted in the state of Virginia. The buildings are said to surpass, in elegance of design, and beauty of architecture, every thing on this side of the Atlantic. It has a library containing 1,500 vols., and the number of students ranges from 220 to 300. CHARLOTTEVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N. Y., 25 m. from Schoharie, containing a church, a grist and saw-mills, a tavern, several stores, and about 20 dwellings. CHARLOTTEVILLE, t. Norfolk co. U. C., on lake Erie. CHARLOTTESVILLE, v. E. part of Hancock co. Ind., 10 m. E. from Green field. CHARLTON, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 15 m. SW. from Worcester, and 60 SSW. from Boston, and 383 fromW. C. There is a cotton mill in this ts., and some manu factures of leather and shoes. Pop. 2,617. CHARLTON, ts. Saratoga co. N. Y., 8 m. W. from Ballston, and 25 NW. from Albany, and 400 m. from W. C. It con tains the villages of Charlton and W. Charl- ton ; the first contains several houses of public worship, a number of taverns, stores, and about 40 dwellings. It is pleasantly situated in a valley. Pop. ts. 1,933. CHARLTON, r. La., which runs into the Missouri, 220 m. from the Mississippi. CHARLTON ISLAND, Hudson's bay. Lon. 80 W. Lat. 52 12' N. CHARLTON ISLAND, small .id. at E. extremity of lake Ontario. CHARON, r. U. C., runs into lake Supe rior, Lon. 85 W. CHAROTTE, t. Warren co. Missouri, on N. bank of the Missouri, 40 m. above St. Charles. CHARTIER'S CREEK, Pa., runs into the 246 CHA Ohio from the S. 5 m. below Pittsburg. It is navigable for boats to Morganza in its forks. CHAST ANT'S BLUFF, in Ala., on the Mobile, 27 m. above Mobile. CHATAHOOCHEE, r. which rises in the Apalachian mountains, runs across the NW. of Geo., forms a part of the W. boundary of the state, dividing it from Ala bama, and in Lat. 30 45' N. receives Flint r. and takes the name of Apalachicola. CHATAHOOSPA, r. W. Florida, runs into the Chatahoochee, Lat. 31 43' N. CHATAUQUE, co. N. Y., bounded NW. by lake Erie, E. by Cattaraugus, S. by Pa., and W. by Ohio. Chief town Maysville. Pop. in 1830, 34,057, in 1840, 47,947. CHATAUQUE, lake in Chatauque co. N. Y., 9 m. E. from lake Erie, 18 long, and from 1 to 3 broad. The head of the lake is 9 m. from Dunkirk on lake Erie. A branch of the Conewango, which runs into the Alleghany r., flows from this lake. From the head of this lake there is a free naviga tion through the Conewango and Alleghany, to Pittsburg. CHATAUQUE, ts. Chatauque co. N. Y., 30 m. SW. from Buffalo, 357 W, from Al bany, and 439 from W. C. Pop. 2,980. CHATEAUGAY, Seigniory, Huntingdon co. on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 13 m. SW. from Montreal. CHATEAUGAY, ts. and v. Franklin co. N. Y., 10 m. E. from Malone, 200 m. from Albany, and 533 from W. C. It is watered by the Chateaugay river running N. across the ts. on which are some noted falls with a cascade of 90 feet perpendicular,, over gran itic rock. The village has a saw and grist mill, ashery, tannery, and 20 or 30 dwellings. Pop. ts. 2,824. CHATEAUGAY, r. N. Y.,in Franklin co. which runs into the St. Lawrence, opposite to Montreal. CHATHAM, co. central part of N. C., bounded N. by Orange, E. by Wake, S. by Moore, and W. by Randolph. Pop. in 1830, 15,499, and in 1840, 16,242. Chief town, Pittsborough. CHATHAM, co. E. part of Georgia, bounded N. by the Savannah river, E. by the Atlantic, and S. by the Ogeechee river, and NW. by Effingham. Pop. in 1830, 14,127, in 1840, 18,801. Chief town, Savannah. CHATHAM, ts. Carroll co. N. H., 87 m. N. from Portsmouth, 83 N. from Concord, and 560 from W. C. There are several ponds in this ts. and some considerable streams. Pop. 523. CHATHAM, ts. Middlesex co. Ct., on the E. side of Connecticut river, opposite Middletown. Ship-building has long been an important business in this town, and se veral vessels of war, for the United States' service, have been built here. Here are also the noted and very valuable quarries of freestone, called Connecticut stone. A large quantity of this stone, prepared for market, is sold in the neighborhood, or ex ported to distant parts of the country. Chatham is watered by Salmon and Pine brooks, and several ponds ; Job's pond, about 2 m. in circumference, has no outlet. It rises and falls about 15 feet. It is highest in the dry season of the year, and lowest when there is most rain, and is from 40 to 60 feet deep. Pop. 3,413. CHATHAM, ts. Barnstable co. Mass., in the SE. extremity of the state ; 20 m. E. from Barnstable, 85 SE. from Boston, and 508 from W. C. This town is remarkable for many shipwrecks on its shores. The inhabitants are employed chiefly in the fish eries. Pop. 2,334. CHATHAM, ts. Kent co. U. C., extend ing from Thames r. to lake St. Clair. CHATHAM, ts. York co. L. C., on the N. side of Ottawa river. CHATHAM, ts. Northumberland co. New Brunswick, on the Miramachi river. It is well situated for carrying on the tim ber trade, and contains a handsome Presby terian church. CHATHAM, ts. and v. Columbia co. N. Y., 18 m. NE. from Hudson, 350 from W. C. Pop. 3,666. New Britain, Chatham, Chatham Four Corners, New Concord, and Federal Store are villages of the ts. CHATHAM, v. Morris co. N. J., on the Passaic, 13 m. NW. Elizabethtown, 228 from W. C. It is on the road from Elizabethtown to Morristown, 10 m. from the former, and 7* from the latter. It is a thriving village, with many fine buildings. Pop. about 350. CHATHAM, v. Chester co. Pa., 121 m. from W. C., 66 m. SE. from Harrisburg, 17 from Wilmington, Del. CHATHAM, t. Chesterfield co. S. C., on W. side of the Great Pedee; 15m. NNE. from Greenville, 150 NNE. from Charles ton, 436 from W. C. CHATHAM, or Punjo Bay, on the SW. coast of Florida. Lat. 25 30' N. CHATHAM, FOUR CORNERS, v. in the township of Chatham, Columbia co. N. Y., 346 m. from W. C. This is a different town from that called Chatham in the same township ; 20 m. SE. from Albany, 14 NE. from Hudson, contains 15 or 20 dwellings. CHATHAM STRAIT, a channel on the W. coast of N. America. It divides King George the Third's Archipelago from Admi ralty island. Lat. 58 N. Lon. 134 W. CHATTOOGA, v. Floy co. Geo., 193 m. NW. from Milledgeville, and 683 from W. C., in the NW. part of the state. CHAUDIERE FALLS, on the Ottawa river, U. C., 36 feet high. They are a little above the mouth of the river Radeau, and below lake Chaudiere. CHAUDIERE LAKE is formed by the widening of the Ottawa river, above the mouth of the river Radeau, and below lake Chat, U. C. CHAUDIERE RIVER, L. C., rises on the hilly region from which the Connecticut and Kennebeck have their sources. It flows nearly N. from Megan tic lake, about 100 CHA CHE 247 m. and falls into St. Lawrence 6 m. above Quebec. It was by the channel of this stream that Gen. Arnold reached the St. Lawrence river, early in the revolutionary war. It is a precipitous and unnavigable stream. The scenery along its banks has excited the admiration of all travellers who have visited it. CHAUMONT, v. Jefferson co. N. York, seated at the head of a small bay at the E. end of lake Ontario, 187 m. NW. of Al bany, 11 m. from Cape Vincent, and 14 iVorn Watertown, contains grist and saw mills, and about 30 dwellings. CHAUMONT, bay of lake Ontario, Jef ferson co. N. Y., to the N. of, and commu nicating by a strait with Sacket's Harbor. CHAZY, ts. Clinton co. N. Y., W. from lake Champlain ; 186 m. N. from Albany, 529 from W. C. It contains the villages of Chazy, W. Chazy, and Chazy Landing. Chazy v. 15 m. N. of Plattsburg on the state road from Albany to Canada, contains several churches, grist and saw-mills, a trip hammer, tannery, carding and cloth dressing mill, and 50 or 60 dwellings. Pop. of the townshin, 3,584. CHAZY, two small rivers of N. Y. Clin ton co. fall into the W. side of lake Cham- plain. CHEAT, r. Va., runs into the Mononga- hela, 3 or 4 m. within the Pennsylvania line. It is navigable for boats, except in dry seasons, and there is a portage of 37 m. to the Potomac. CHEBUCTO BAY, on the SE. coast of Nova Scotia. Lon. 63 3 1' W. Lat. 44 40' N. CHEBUKTO, harbor, near Halifax, in Nova Scotia. Lon. 13 18' E. from W. C. Lat. 44 45' N. CHEBUOTEQUION is one of the lakes on the-communication between lake Simcoe and the Rice lake, U. C. CHEEKS CROSS-ROADS, v. Jefferson co. Tennessee, 263 m. E. from Nashville, and 480 m. from W. C. CHEFUNCTI, r. La., falls into lake Ponchartrain, at Madisonville. It is boata- ble 30 m. CHEGOIMEGON, Point, Wisconsin Ter ritory, a sandy point projecting into lake Superior and forming the eastern side of a bay of the same name. The bay affords an excellent harbor for vessels, and next to that of Grand Isle, the best on the southern shore of the lake. Across its entrance is a chain of islands, 27 m. E. Fond du Lac, 13C W. Keweena Point. CHELMSFORD, ts. Middlesex co. Mass, on S. side of the Merrimack ; 25 m. NW Boston, 462 from W. C. Middlesex cana commences here, near the head of which there is a manufactory of glass. Larg quantities of beautiful granite, much use< in building, are obtained in this town, an transported down the canal, to Boston am vicinity. The manufactures of this town ship amount annually to about $100,000 principally of glass and iron. Pop. 1,697. CHELSEA, ts. and cap. Orange co. Vt., 22 m. SSE. from Montpelier, 506 from W.C. t is in the midst of a fine agricultural dis- rict, and a flourishing place. Population, [,959. CHELSEA, ts. Suffolk co. Mass., 6 m. VE. from Boston. It is connected with ^harlestown by a bridge. The manufac- ures of Chelsea consist of upholstery, stone ware, snuff, cigars, wood and copper en gravings, carriages, salt, boots, shoes, &c. Annual value about $90,000. CHEMIUR, r. In., faUing into lake Michigan. CHEMUNG, county, New York, bound ed N. by Tompkins, E. by Tioga, S. by Pennsylvania, and W. by Steuben co. I!hief town, Elmira. This county was brmerly a part of Tioga co. The soil of this county is excellent^and in a high state of cultivation. Pop. 20,732. CHEMUNG, ts. Chemung co. N. Y., 10 m. SW. from Spencer, 198 WSW. from Al bany, 308 from W. C. Pop. 2,377. CHENAL ECARTE ISLE, U. C., near the entrance of the river St. Clair into lake St. Clair, E. of Harsan's Island. It con tains about 300 acres of arable land ; the other parts are meadow and marsh. CHENAL ECARTE, Isle de, U. C., in the river St. Lawrence, opposite the t. of Cornwall, contains from 7 to 800 acres. The soil is good. CHENAL ECARTE RIVER, U. C., runs nearly parallel to the river Thames, and empties itself at the entrance of the river St. Clair. CHENANGO, co. N. Y., bounded N. by Madison co. E. by Otsego and Delaware cos. S. by Broome co. W. by Broome and Courtlandt cos. Pop. in 1830, 31,215; in 1840,40,786. Chief town, Norwich. CHENANGO, ts. and v. Broome co. N. Y., on the Susquehannah ; 40 m. SW. from Norwich, 63 S. from Manlius, 148 WSW. from Albany, 295 from W. C., drained by Chenango river, flowing centrally through it to the Susquehannah at Binghamplon. Pop ulation, 5,685. CHENANGO, river, which runs SSW. through Chenango co. and joins the Susque hannah, 18 m. E. from Owego. Length 90 miles. CHENANGO FORKS, v. Broome co. N. Y., 134 m. SW. Albany, 315 m. from W. C., and 12 m. N. of Binghampton, contains about 40 dwellings. CHENANGO POINT, Broome co. N. Y., at the junction of Chenango river with the Susquehannah, and commonly called Bing hampton, which see. CHENE, Isle du, in lake Ontario, lies off the easterly coast of Marysburgh, U. C., and close to the land. CHENE, Portage du, on the Ottawa r., immediately below lake Chaudiere, U. C. CHENE, Riviere du, runs into the bay of Michipicoten, lake Superior, W. of river Michipicoten, U. C. 248 CHE CHENE, r. La., rises in the marshes SE. from the English Bend, below N. Orleans ; flows parallel to the Mississippi, and falls into Chandeleur Bay, about 10 m. E. from Fort St. Philip. An inlet connects the Chene with the Terra aux Boeufs river. CHENEYVILLE, v. Rapides co. La., 240 m. NW. New Orleans, and 1,276 from W. C. CHENEY'S GROVE, v. McLean co. II., 25 m. E. of Bloomington, contains some 20 or 30 families. CHENES, r. Plaquemines parish, La., which runs SE. into Black lake. CHEPATCHET, flourishing v. Provi dence co. R. I., on Chepatchet creek, 16 m. NW. from Providence. CHEPATCHET CREEK, northwestern branch of Pawtucket river, rises in the NW. angle of Providence co. R. I. CHEPOOSEA, r. La., which runs into the Mississippi. Lon. 90 6' W. Lat. 36 16' N. CHERAW, v. Chesterfield district, S. C., 412 m. from W. C., 88 m. NE. from Co lumbia, on the Great Pedee. CHERAW HILLS, S. C., on W. side of the Great Pedee ; 10m. NW. from Green ville. CHEROKEE, v. M' Arthur ts. Logan co. O., 6 m. N. from Bellefontaine, 28 m. from Lima, 5 from Lewistown, and 68 NW. from Columbus. It was laid off in 1832, and now contains 30 or 40 dwelling-houses, several stores, and various mechanic shops, a meet ing-house, school-houses, &c. &c. It is sit uated on the road leading from Bellefontaine to Lima. CHEROKEE, co. Geo., bounded N. by Gilmer, E. by Lumpkin and Forsyth, S. by Cobb, and W. by Cass cos. Chief town, Canton. It is in the NW. part of the state, and watered by the Etocoah river, which passes through the centre. Pop. 5,895. CHEROKEE CORNER, v. Oglethorpe co. Geo., 81 m. from Athens, 675 m. from W. C. CHERRY CREEK rises at the foot of the Blue Mountain on the N. side in North ampton co. Pa., near the Windgap, and running ENE. along the foot of the moun tain, falls into the Delaware, at its entrance into the Watergap. It is not navigable, is rapid, and has several mills erected on it. CHERRY CREEK, ts. Chatauque co. N. Y., 320 m. from Albany, and 355 m. from W. C. CHERRYFIELD, ts. Washington co. Me., 30 m. W. from Machias, 116 m. E. by N. from Augusta, at the head of tide water, on both sides of the Narragaugus river, with a handsome village and considerable trade. Pop. 1,003. CHERRY GROVE, v. St. Clair co. II., 59 m. SW. from Vandalia, and 8 m. NE. from Belleville, populated by Germans. CHERRY PLAINS, v. Wake co. N. C., 308 m. from W. C. CHERRYSVILLE, v. Haywood co. Ten., 164 m. SW. Nashville, and 878 m. from W. C. CHERRYVILLE, v. Northampton co. Pa., 212 m. from W. C. It is on the Le- hiffh, about 17 m. from Mauch Chunk. CHERRYTON, s-p. of the Eastern Shore, Northampton co. Va. CHERRY VALLEY, ts. Otsego co. N. Y., 14 m. NE. from Cooperstown, 53 W. from Albany, 384 from W. C. Here is a large, handsome, and finely situated village, which contains an academy, a meeting house, a printing-office, and has considera ble trade. The 1st, 2d, and 3d Western Turnpikes meet here, and are intersected by other large roads. Pop. 3,923. CHESADAWD LAKE, North America, about 210 m. NE. by E. of the E. end of Slave Lake, in the Hudson Bay Company's territory. CHESAPEAKE BAY, of United States, in the states of Virginia and Maryland, and one of the largest in the known world. Its ..entrance is between cape Charles and cape Henry, 12 m. wide, and it extends 270 m. to the northward, dividing Virginia and Mary land. It is from 7 to 20 m. broad, and ge nerally as much as 9 fathoms deep ; afford ing many commodious harbors, and a safe and easy navigation. It receives the waters of the Susquehannah, Potomac, Rappahan- nock, York, and James rivers, which are all larffe and navigable. CHESAPEAKE, v. Cecil co. Md., 100 m. from W. C., at the W. end of the Chesa peake and Del. canal. CHESHIRE, co. SW. part of N. H., bounded N. by Grafton co. E. by Hillsbo- rough co. S. by Massachusetts, and W. by Vermont. Chief towns, Charlestown, Keene, and Walpole. Pop. in 1830, 27,016, and in 1840, 26,429. CHESHIRE, ts. Berkshire co. Mass., 17 m. NNE. from Lennox, 120 W. from Bos ton, 404 from W. C. It has a manufactory of window glass, and is celebrated for its excellent cheese. The annual amount of wool grown here is about $5,500. Pop. 985. CHESHIRE, ts. New Haven co. Ct., 15 m. N. from New Haven, 318 from W. C. It contains a respectable Episcopal academy, which has a principal and a professor of lan guages. The anniversary is held on the first Wednesday in October. Pop. 1,529. CHESNUT GROVE, v. Pittsylvania co. Va., 180 m. SW. from Richmond. CHESNUT RIDGE, mt. which extends from Maryland NE. through Fayette and Westmoreland cos. Pa. CHESNUT CREEK, branch of the Ken- hawa, in S. part of Va. CHESNUT GROVE, v. Davidson co. Ten. 18 m. from Nashville and 732 from W. C. CHESNUT HILL, v. Philadelphia co. Pa., 8 m. N. from Philadelphia. CHESNUT HILL, t. Orange co. Va., 40 m. NW. from Richmond. CHE 249 CHESNTJT HILL, v. Jackson co. Geo. CHESNUT HILL, t. Hall co. Geo., 80 m. NNW. from Miller geville. CHESNUT RIDGE, v. Dutchess co. N. Y., 89 m. from Albany, and 327 from W. C. CHESTER, ts. Windsor co. Vt., 16 m. SW. from Windsor, 447 from W. C. Here is an academy. Three considerable streams from Williams' river give Chester a good water power. This is a very pleasant ts., with two handsome villages and manufac tures of various kinds. Pop. 2,305. CHESTER, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., on E. side of the Merrimack and Manchester; 6 m. NE. from Londonderry, 25 SSE. from Concord, 31 W. from Portsmouth, 48 N. from Boston. Pop. 2,173. It is a conside rable town, and of large extent. Rattle Snake Hill in this town is a great curiosity. Its diameter is half a mile, its form is circu lar, and its height 400 feet. On the S. side there is a dreary cave, called the Devil's Den, with a narrow apartment 15 or 20 feet square, the flooring and ceiling of which are formed by a regular rock. From the wall hang nu merous excrescences resembling pears, which, on the approach of a torch, emit a lustre with innumerable hues. CHESTER, v. Middlesex co. Ct., on W. side of the Connecticut, 6 m. below Had- dam. CHESTER, ts. Hampden co. Mass., 20 m. NW. from Springfield, 115 W. from Bos ton, 387 from W. C. It contains 2 cotton mills, 3 tanneries, and a window blind fac tory, which amount annually to about $50,- 000. Pop. 1,632. CHESTER, ts. Warren co. N. Y., E. of the Hudson, 90 m. 1ST. from Albany, 439 from W. C., 18 m. from Caldwell. The village contains 2 churches, a grist and saw-mill, clothing works, an academy, several stores and taverns. Pop. 1,623. CHESTER, v. Morris co. N. J., on the turnpike road leading from Morristown to Easton, 13 m. NW. from Morristown, 50 m. NE. from Trenton, and 215 from W. C. It contains 2 houses of public worship and about 50 dwellings. CHESTER, t. Lunenburg co. Nova Scotia, in Mahone bay, 25 m. from Windsor. CHESTER, r. W. Florida, runs into Pen- sacola bay. CHESTER, v. in Goshen ts. Orange co. N. Y., 115 m. from Albany, and 272 from W. C., 4 m. SE. from Goshen, 18 m. SW. from Newbunjh, contains about 100 houses. CHESTER, co. Pa., bounded by Md., SW. Lancaster W. Berks NW. Montgome ry NE. and Delaware co. and the state of Delaware SE. Length about 38 m., mean width 19 1-2, area 732 sq. ms. The western part towards Lancaster co. is hilly, and even mountainous ; whilst those sections skirting Maryland and Delaware, though not level, are much less elevated than the W. and NW. parts of the co. The centre is drained by the sources of the Brandy wine, Chester, Ridley, and some smaller creeks D 1 entering Delaware river. The staples are numerous, consisting of every article of agri cultural production suitable to the climate. Chief town, West Chester. Pop. in 1830, 50,908, and in 1840, 57,515. CHESTER, bor. on Delaware river, Dela ware co. Pa., 15 m. SW. from Philadelphia. This is a very ancient town, and was the seat of the first legislature after the arrival of William Penn. It is the seat of justice for the county, and contains a court-house, a jail, and several houses of public worship. The Wilmington and Philadelphia rail-road passes through this place. Pop. 1,790. CHESTER, t. and cap, Meigs co. O., 05 m. SE. from Columbus, 343 from Washing ton, 24 SE. from Athens, and 35 SW. from Marietta, on the northern side of Shade river. Pop. 1,479. CHESTER, t. Randolph co. II., on the bank of the Mississippi, 2 m. below the mouth of the Kaskaskia, a commercial de pot for the country back. It contains seve ral warehouses, stores, a steam saw and grist-mill, and a castor oil factory. Its ex ports are about 150,000 dollars, and imports 130,000, annually. Pop. about 500. CHESTER, river of the eastern shore of Maryland and Kent co. in Delaware ; rises in the latter, and flowing nearly SW. into the former, separates Queen Anne and Kent cos. and falls into the Chesapeake bay at Love point. CHESTER, dis. of S. C., on Wateree river, bounded by Fairfield S. Broad river or Union W. York N. Catawba river or Lan caster E. Length 22, width 18 m., area about 400 sq. ms. Surface pleasantly diver sified by hill and dale, and well watered. Soil of middling quality. Staples, grain, to bacco, live stock, &c. Chief town, Ches- terville. Pop. 17,747. CHESTER, t. and cap. Chester district, S. C., 22 m. from Pinckney C. H., 58 NW. from Columbia. CHESTER, pts. Wayne co. Ohio, NW. from Wooster, on the waters of Killbuck creek, and contains about 2,000 inhabitants. CHESTER, t. Shenandoahco. Va., 20 m. SSW. from Winchester. CHESTER, t. Cumberland co. Va., on SW. bank of James river, 6 m. S. from Rich mond. CHESTER GAP, pass, over the Blue Mountains, in Virginia, 16 m. SE. from Winchester. CHESTER RIDGE, mountains, Pa., in which iron and lead ores are found, 140 m. WNW. from Philadelphia. CHESTERFIELD, co. Va., bounded N. by James river, which separates it from Hen- rico co., E. and S. by the Appomatox, and W. by Powhattan co. The C. H. is 12 m. SSW. from Richmond, 138 from W. C. Pop. in 1830, 18,637, and in 1840, 17,147. Chief town, Manchester. CHESTERFIELD, district, N. part S. C., bounded N. by N. C., E. by the Great Pe- dee which separates it from Marlborough 250 CHE CHI dis., S. by Darlington, and W. by Kershaw and Lancaster districts. Chief town, Ches terfield. Pop. in 1830, 8,472, and in 1840, 8,574. CHESTERFIELD, ts. Cheshire co. N. H., on E. side of the Connecticut, opposite Dummerston; 11 m. WSW. from Keene, 100 W. from Portsmouth, 435 from W. C. Pop. 1,765. It contains a cotton manufac tory and an academy. CHESTERFIELD, ts. Hampshire co. Mass., 15 m. WNW. from Northampton, 105 W. from Boston, 398 from W. C. It has a good water power, 1 woollen mill, 2 tan neries, some curious minerals, and a water course worn very deep through solid rock. Pop. 1,132. CHESTERFIELD, ts. Essex county, N. Y., bounded N. by Sable river, and E. by lake Chainplain ; 18 m. S. from Plattsburg, 497 from W- C. Adgate's Falls, on Sable river, in this town, is a cataract of 80 ft. The channel has perpendicular walls on each side, 1 mile long, and nearly 100 feet high, and as regular as a work of art. There is a bridge across this channel 96 feet above the water. In the SW. part of the town there is a cavern in which ice is found throughout the year. Iron ore abounds in this town. It contains several ponds, of which Butternut and Auger are the largest, and there are some small streams, but the greater water course is the Au Sable. Iron ore is found in abundance. It has several villages, all in a flourishing condition. Pop. 2,716. CHESTERFIELD, v. and cap. Chester field co. Va., 12m. SSW. from Richmond, and 136 from W. C. CHESTERFIELD, v. and seat of justice, Chesterfield district, S. C., 100 m. from Columbia, and 426 from W. C. CHESTERFIELD INLET, an inlet ex tending about 200 m. westward from the N. end of Hudson's Bay. The entrance to the inlet is in Lat. 63 30' N. Lon. 90 40' W. Its mean breadth is about 15 m. CHESTERTOWN, port of entry and cap. Kent co. Md., on Chester r., about 14 m. from its confluence with the Chesapeake, 45 ESE. from Baltimore, 77 SW. from Philadelphia, 80 from W. C. It contains a court-house, a jail, a Methodist meeting house, about 150 houses, and has some trade. Washington College, which was incorporated in 1782, is in this town, and a handsome brick building 180 feet long, and 3 stories high, has been erected ; but the in stitution has never assumed the form of a college, and the building is appropriated to the accommodation of a Latin and an Eng lish school. CHESTERVILLE, t. Franklin co. Me., 24 m. NW. from Augusta, 637 from W. C. Wilson's stream passes through this ts. and empties below the falls of Sandy river. Pop. 1,098. C JESTERVILLE, v. Albany co. N. Y., 21 m. SW. from Albany. CHESTERVILLE, v. Knox co. O., 14 m. NW. from Mount Vernon, and 42 from Columbus. It contains 7 or 8 stores, 1 merchant mill, 1 saw-mill, and several mechanic shops, and is a place of considera ble business. Pop. about 300. CHESTERVILLE, v. and cap. Chester district, S. Carolina, 57 m. N. from Colum bia, and 448 from W. C. CHEVIOTT, v. Hamilton co. 0., 7 NW. from Cincinnati, and 119 SW. from Colum bus. CHESUNCOOK, lake, Me., 10 or 15 m. NE. from Moosehead lake. The western and main branch of the Penobscot passes through it. It is one of the largest lakes in Maine. It is about 25 miles long, and 3 in breadth. CHETIMACHES, lake of Louisiana, be tween the Atchafalaya and Teche rivers, is about 40 m. in length, with a breadth of from 1 to 6 m. It is shallow, and environed by a low, annually inundated and unin habited country. At high water, it commu nicates in every direction with the Atcha falaya, and in all seasons, at its SE. ex tremity, with the Teche r. CHEVIAUX, Point aux, on the N. shore of lake Ontario, and to the E. of the river Ganarasha, U. Canada. CHEVROTIERE, r. Canada, falls into the St. Lawrence from the N. 40 m. above Quebec. CHEWS, r. Maryland, which runs into the Chesapeake. CHEW'S LANDING, v. Gloucester co. N. J., 9 m. SE. from Camden, 6 NE. from Woodbury, 41 SE. from Trenton, and 149 NE. from W. C. on the north branch of Big Timber creek at the head of navigation. It is a place of considerable business in lumber and cord wood, and contains 2 grist mills, several stores, 2 churches, and about 50 dwellinffs. t CHIANTLA, t. Mexico, 40 m. SW. from Puebla de los Angelos. CHIAPA, province, Guatimala, bounded W. by Oaxaca, S. by Guatimala, E. by Vera Paz and Yucatan, N. by Vera Cruz. CHIAPA DOS ESPAGNOS, or Ciudad Real, cap. of the above province, 300 m. NW. from Guatimala. Lon. 93 23' W. Lat. 17 N. Pop. 3,000. Its principal commerce is in cocoa-nuts, cotton, wool, sugar, and cochineal. CHIAPA DE LOS INDIOS, the largest Indian town in Guatimala, in the NW. ex tremity of the country, on the isthmus of Tehuantepec, about half way between the gulf of Mexico and the Pacific ocean. It has about 20,000 Indian inhabitants, who are rich and enjoy many privileges. Lon. 93 53' W. Lat. 17 5' N. CHIAPA-EL-REAL, t. in N. America, in the province of its own name, with a bishop's see. Its principal trade consists in cocoa-nuts, cotton, and sugar. Lon. from W. C. 16 10' W. Lat. 17 10' N. CHICAGO, r. or arm of lake Michigan, CHI at its S. end, in Illinois. A mile from the lake it divides into two channels ; the N. channel extends along the W. side of the lake, about 30 m. ; the S. is only 6 m. long, and affords a secure harbor for vessels of almost any burden. CHICAGO, city and cap. of Cook co. II., on lake Michigan at the mouth of Chicago river, 230 m. N. from Vandalia, and 763 from W. C. Its growth, even for western cities, has been of unparalleled rapidity. The natu ral position of the place, the enterprise and capital that will concentrate here, must soon make this place the emporium of trade and business for all the northern parts of the western country. The imports amount to about 2k millions of dollars annually, be sides a vast number of emigrant families with furniture, &c. This town is connected with the navigable waters of the Illinois, by a canal 96 m. long to Peru, which opens a water communication between the great lakes and the Mississippi. Pop. 4,470. It contains 2 banks, about 60 stores, 30 grocer ies, 10 public houses, 23 physicians, and upwards of 40 lawyers. There are 6 churches for various denominations. CHICCAMAGGA, r. Ten., which runs into the Tennessee, 6 m. above the whirl. CHICHESTER, ts. Merrimack co. N. H., 45 m. NW. from Portsmouth, and 8 E. from Concord. The E. part of this ts. is watered by the Suncooh river, which affords it mill sites, and some productive intervale. Pop. 1,028. CHICKAMAUGAH CREEK, r. which rises in Georgia, runs through a part of Cherokee country, and flows into the Ten nessee, a few miles above Lookout mountain. A district of country through which it flows is called by the same name, and contains the new missionary station, Brainerd. CHICKASAW, r. Indiana, which runs into the Wabash, below Vincennes. CHICKASAW, r. in the NW. part of Ten., which runs W. into the Mississippi. CHICKASAW BLUFFS, four in number, on the E. side of the Mississippi, in Mis. The upper bluff is 176 m. below the mouth of the Ohio ; it is between 200 and 300 feet high, and extends 2 m. on the river. The other three occur at the successive distances of 11, 21 and 32m. apart. CHICKASAWHAY, v. Mississippi, 50 m. W. from St. Stephens. CHICKASAWHAY, r. Mis., which flows S. near E. side of the state, and joins the Pascagoula, about 40 m. from its mouth. CHICKHOAMINY, r. Va., which runs into the James r. 6 m. NW. from James town. It is navigable for boats 30 m. CHICKEN TOWN, v. Charlotte co. Va., 87 miles from Richmond, and 178 from W. C. CHICKISALUNGO, r. Pa., which runs into the Susquehannah, a little above Co lumbia. CHICKOPEE, v. Hampden co. Mass., 4 m. from the village of Springfield, and one of the most beautifully located manufac turing villages in New England. CHICKOPEE, r. This river rises in Spencer, Leiceter and Paxton, and receives the waters of Quaboag pond in Brookfield, At Palmer it receives the waters of Ware and Swift rivers, and enters the Connecticut at Springfield, 7 m. S. from South Hadley. CHICOT, co. in the SE. corner of Arkan sas, bounded N. by Arkansas co. E. by the Mississippi river, S. by the Louisiana state line, and W. by Union co. Columbia is the county town. Pop. in 1830, 1,165, and in 1840, 3,806. CHIDLEY, cape, on the NE. coast of Labrador, has Davis' Straits NE. and the bay of Ungava SW. Lon. from W. C. 12 10' E, Lat. 60 12' N. CHIFUNCTE, r. La., in St. Tammany, has its source in the N. part of that parish, flov/ing SSE. 50 m. falls into lake Ponchar- train N. from New Orleans. There is water at the mouth of the Chifuncte sufficient to admit vessels drawing 6 or 7 feet, as far as the mouth of the Bogue Falaya. CHIGNECTE, bay of Nova Scotia, the NW. arm of the bay of Fundy. CHIHEMECOMET, or Chickminock-cu- minock, island, on the coast of N. C., near Roanoke Island. CHIHUAHUA, state of, one of the states of the republic of Mexico, bounded by Du- rango, Sonoray Sinaloa, and Coahuila y Texas. Capital, Chihuahua. N. Lat. 28 and Lon. 28 W. from W.C. intersect, accord ing to Tanner's map of Mexico, about 75 m. SW. from the city of Chihuahua. A very great deficiency of water is the most serious impediment to the general population of this part of America, and is one of the many f raits of resemblance between central North America and central Asia. The seasons of what was the Provincias Internets, now the northern states of Mexico, have winters of excessive rigor, even more so than can be accounted for either from latitude or eleva tion of surface. CHIHUAHUA, city, capital of the state of the same name, in the republic of Mexi co, situated near the river Conchos, a branch of Rio-grand-del-Norte, in the province of New Biscay. It is the capital of the Inter nal Provinces, and environed by some very rich mines. Pop. 12,000. Lat. 28 50' N. Lon. 27 20' W. from W. C. CHILDSBURG, ts. Fayette co. Ken., 32 m. SE. from Frankfort. CHILESBURG, v. Caroline co. Va., 68 m. S. from W. C. CHILI, pt&. Monroe co. N. Y., between Black creek and Genesee river, 10 m. SW. from Rochester, and 230 NW. from Albany. It contains the villages of Chili, North Chili, South Chili, and O'Connelsville, each of which does considerable business. Popula tion, 2,174. CHILLICOTHE, t. and cap. Ross co. 0., and the second town in size in the state, on the W. bank of the Scioto, 45 m. in a direst 252 CHI line, and 70 by water from its mouth, 45 m. S. from Columbus, 70 SW. from Zanesville, 93 E. by N. from Cincinnati. Lon. 5 20' W. from W. C. Lat. 39 14' N. It is laid out on an elevated plain between Paint creek and the Scioto. The streets are spa cious, and cross each other at right angles. It contains a court-house and jail, a market- house, 2 printing-offices, 2 banks, 4 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Seceders, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Episcopalians ; an academy, and two large market-houses. In the town and vicinity are many valuable mills and manufactories, such as flour, oil, cotton, 2 paper mills, and various mechanic shops. The situation is favorable, and every way delightful; but yet it did not flourish, until the grand canal was cut through the town, since which it has re ceived a new impulse towards prosperity, promising that it will attain the importance to which its fortunate position entitles it. In the midst of this town formerly stood one of the most interesting mounds of the cone- shaped form. In levelling it for the purpose of building lots, great quantities of human bones were found in it. Pop. in 1830, 2,846, and in 1840, 3,977. CHILMARK, ts. Duke's co. Mass., on SW. end of Martha's Vineyard, 12 m. W. by S. from Edgartown, 90 S. from Boston. Gay Head, in this town, is the point of the island; it is 150 feet above the sea, and is crowned with one of the five light-houses in this county. Pop. 702. CHILNUCOOK, or Grand Lake, lake, Me., at the head of the St. Croix. CHILO, v. Clermont co. Ohio, 113 m. SW. from Columbus, and 23 m. S. from Wil- liamsburgh. It is situated on the north bank of the Ohio river. CHILPANZINCO, city of Mexico, sit uated on the S. slope of Analuac, 3,542 feet above the level of the ocean, surrounded by beautiful fields of wheat and orchards, on the road from Mexico to Acapulco. Lat. 17 40' N. Lon. 22 20' W. from W. C. CHIMALAPA, small river of Mexico, in Oajaca, which flows S. into the Gulf of Te- huantepec. CHINA, ts. Kennebeck co. Me., 25 m. NE. from Hallowell. It contains an academy, a social library, and 2 houses of public wor ship, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Friends. It was taken from Harlem, Halifax, and Wins- low, in 1818. It is watered by a lake or " Twelve Mile Pond," a fine miniature of the beautiful Skaneateles in the State of N. York. At the outlet of this pond into the Kennebeck, are excellent mill privileges. Pop. 2,675. CHINA, ts. and v. Genesee co. N. Y., 275 m. W. from Albany, is drained by the Cattaraugus creek. It contains the villages of Arcade, China, and East China. The first is a place of much business. Popula tion, 2,368. CHINA GROVE, t. Georgetown district, S. C., 461 m. from W. C. CHINCHANCHI, v. Mexico, 10 m. N. from Merida. CHINE, La, v. L. C. on the island of Montreal, 7 m. above the city. It is the centre of all the commerce between Upper and Lower Canada. Here the boats of the N. W. company commence their voyage for the interior country of America. It is in tended to cut a canal from La Chine to Montreal, by which a direct communication with the city will be opened, and the diffi cult passage of the rapid St. Louis avoided. CHINGOTEAGUE, small island in the Atlantic, near the coast of Virginia. Lon. 75 20' W. Lat. 37 46' N. CHINGOTEAGUE INLET, narrow channel between two islands, near the coast of Virginia. Lon. 75 42' W. Lat. 27 52' N. CHINNOOK, r. N. America, which flows into the Columbia, near its mouth. CHIPOOK CREEK, r. Virginia, which runs into James river. CHIPPEWA, v. Crawford co. Wisconsin, in Carver's Tract. CHIPPEWA, v. Madison co. II., oppo site the mouth of the Missouri, on the Mis sissippi. It contains a steam saw-mill and several mechanic shops, and is a place of much business. CHIPPEWAN, mountains of N. America. This great chain is the principal spine of that continent, and by various names, ex tends from the isthmus of Darien to the Frozen ocean, through 60 of latitude, or 4,150 m. In Mexico, it is known by the general term Anahuac. Farther N. the Spaniards designate it as the mountains of New Mexico. In the U. S. it is known as the Rocky mountains. In Cabotia, or Bri tish America, by its true native name Chip- pewan, or Chippewyan. In Mexico and Guatimala, it rises into volcanic summits, elevated far above the regions of perpetual snow. Popocatepetl, Citlaltepetl, or Peak d'Orizaba, Pico Frailes, and Coffrede Pe- rote, all rise above 13,500 feet. In the U. S. the elevation of this chain remains unde termined, but must be considerable, from the length and rapidity of the streams flow ing from its opposite sides. CHIPPEWAY, small r. or creek, Lin coln co. U. C., falls into Niagara river at the village of Chippeway. CHIPPEWAY, v. Lincoln co. U. C., on Niagara r. 10 m. above Queenston, 2 above Niagara falls. Chippeway creek runs into the Niagara at this place. The battle of Chippeway, July 5, 1814, was fought in the plain on the S. side of this creek. CHIPPEWAY, r. NW. Territory, runs into the Mississippi at lake Pepin, in Lon. 93 24' W. Lat. 43 45' N. There is a short portage between this river and the Montreal, a water of lake Superior. CHIPPEWAY, pts. Wayne co. Ohio, 18 m. NE. from Wooster, and 7 m. from Ful ton on the Ohio canal ; the village contains from 40 to 50 dwellings. CHI CHU 253 CHTPPEWYAN, Fort, N. America, at the SW. end of Athapescow lake. Lon. 111 W. Lat. 5840'N. CHISHOLM'S STORE, t. Montgomery co. N. C., 130 m. SW. from Raleidi. CHISWELL, isles off the NW. coast of N. America, group lying near the mainland, between cape Elizabeth and Montague island. Lon. from W. C. 71 4' W. Lat. 59 33' N. CHITTENANGO, v. Madison co. N. Y., 35 m. W. from Utica, on the Chittenango creek, contains a woollen factory, (in which 100,000 Ibs. of wool are now annually manufactured into cloths and kerseymeres,) flour, gypsum, water lime, and saw-mills, fur nace, trip-hammer, &c. It contains several churches for different denominations, and about 200 dwellings. CHITTENDEN, co. W. side of Vt, bounded N. by Franklin co. E. by Washing ton, S. by Addison, W. by lake Champlain. Pop. in 1830, 21,775, and in 1840, 22,977. Chief town, Burlington. CHITTENDEN, ts. Rutland co. Vt., 30 m. NW. from Windsor, 40 N. by E. from Montpelier, and 12 N. by E. from Rutland. Near the Philadelphia branch, so called, is a mineral spring said to contain good quali ties. Manganese of an excellent quality is found here. Pop. 644. CHITTENDEN FALLS, v. Stockport ts. Columbia co. N. Y., 7 m. N. from Hudson, on the Kinderhook creek, has an extensive paper mill, a merchant grist-mill, bleaching works, and about 20 dwellings. The fall of the creek here is about 40 feet. CHITTENINGO, r. N. Y., which rises in Cazenovia and runs into Oneida lake; 35 m. lonsr. CHOCOLATE, r. Wis. Territory, runs into lake Superior, 21 m. W. from La Train river. CHOCONUT, creek, Susquehannah co. Pa., flows northeasterly into N. York, and falls into the Susquehannah river, a short distance below Chenango Point. CHOCTAW, r. which rises in Alabama, and passes through West Florida, running into St. Rosa bay. CHOCTAW, or Choctahatchee, r. Florida, which rises in Alabama, and discharges its waters into St. Rosa Sound, at the NE. ex tremity. CHOICE'S STORE, t. Gwinnet co. Geo., 146 m. NW. from Milledgeville. CHOLULA, city of Mexico, in Puebla, 60 m. SE. by E. from Mexico. Pop. 16,000. Lat. 19 15' N. CHOLULA, ancient republic of Mexico, corresponding nearly to the district apper taining to the present city of Cholula. CHOMONCHOUAN,"lake, Canada, 210 m. NW. from Quebec. Lon. 75 40' W. Lat. 39 20' N. CHONA, ancient pyramid of Mexico, in Puebla. It is 177 feet high. Lon. 21 20' W. from W. C. Lat. 19 2' N. CHOPTANK, r. which rises in Delaware, and runs through Md., into Chesapeake Bay, S. of Tilghman's Island. CHOPUNNISH, r. Missouri Territory, a branch of the Kooskooshee, in the Rocky Mountains. Lon. 113 W. Lat. 46 30' N. CHOW AN, r. N. C., formed by the union of 3 rivers in the state of Virginia, which runs into Albemarle Sound. CHOWAN, co. NE. part of N. C, Pop. in 1830, 6,688, and in 1840, 6,699. Chief town, Edenton. CHRIST-CHURCH, parish in Charleston district, S. C. CHRISTIAN, co. of Ken., on Cumber land river ; bounded by Tennessee S. Cald- well SW. Hopkins and Muhlenberg N v and Logan E. Length 42, mean width 25 m. Chief town, Hopkinsville. Pop. 15,587. CHRISTIANA, hundred, in N. end of Newcastle co. Delaware. Within it are the towns of Wilmington and Newport. CHRISTIANA, r.^ Delaware, which rises in Pa., unites with the Brandywine, and flows into the Delaware. It is navigable for vessels drawing 14 feet of water to Wil mington, for those drawing 9 feet to New port, and for those drawing 6 feet to Christ iana-Bridge. Length 20 m. CHRISTIANA, or Christiana-Bridge, t. Newcastle co. Delaware, on the Christiana ; 9 m. SW. from Wilmington, 36 SW. from Philadelphia, 100 from W. C. It has about 50 houses. CHRISTIANA, v. Madison ts. Butler co. O., in the NE. part of the county, 14 m. SE. from Hamilton. CHRISTIANSBURG, v. Jackson t. Champaign co. O., 5 m. westerly from Baker post-office in the same ts. and is a flourishing place. CHRISTIANSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. Va., on the Meherrin, 251 m. from W. C. CHRISTIAN SOUND, a large arm of the Pacific ocean, N. of Cape Decision. Lon. 225 50' E. Lat. 56 13' N. CHRISTIANSBURG, t. and seat of just ice, Montgomery co. Va., 40 m. SW. from Fincastle, and 220 SW. by W. from Rich mond. CHRISTOPHER, St. or St. Kitt's, one of the Leeward Islands in the W. Indies, 60 m. W. of Antigua. It was formerly inhabit ed by the French and English; but, in 1713, it was ceded to the latter. It is 20 m. in breadth, and 7 in length, and has high mountains in the middle, whence rivulets flow, which are of great use to the inhabit ants. It was taken by the French in 1782, but restored the next year. Basseterre is the capital. CHRISTY'S PRAIRIE, Lawreny co. II., 10 m. W. from Lawrenceville, and contains about 200 families. CHUM CREEK, r. Va., which runs into the Chesapeake, Lon. 76 14' W. Lat. 39 22' N. CHUN'S STORE, t. Jefferson co. Ten., 200 m. E. from Murfreesborough. 254 CHU GIN CHURCH CREEK, t. Dorchester co. Md., 7 m. SW. from Cambridge. CHURCH FORT, on Hudson's Bay, at the mouth of Church-hill river. Lat. 59' N. Lon. 17 W. from W. C. CHURCH HILL, v. Spartanburg district, S. C., 544 m. from W. C. CHURCH HILL, t. Queen Ann's co. Md., 9 m. NE. from Centreville, 85 SW. from Philadelphia, 80 from W. C. CHURCHILL, d ape., in Hudson's Bay. Lon. 95 5' W. Lat. 58 54' N. CHURCHILL RIVER, Missinnippi, or English River, r. N. America, which falls into Hudson's Bay, in Lat. 59 N. at Church Fort. CHURCH ISLAND, small island in Cur- rituck Sound, near the coast of N. C. CHURCHTOWN, v. Columbia co. N. Y., 6 m. SE. from Hudson, contains some 10 or 12 dwellings. CHURCHTOWN, t. Lancaster co. Pa., 30 m. ENE. from Lancaster, 50 WNW. Philadelphia, 137 from W. C. CHURCHVILLE, v. Monroe co. N. Y., on Black creek, 15 SW. from Rochester, has several mills, an ashery, several taverns and stores, and about 20 dwellings. CHURCHVILLE, v. Middlesex co. Va., 85 m. NE. by E. from Richmond. CHYENNE, or Chayenne, r. La., which runs into the Missouri, 1,310 m. from the Mississippi. CICERO, ts. and v. Onondaga co. N. Y., on SW. side of Oneida lake, 57 m. W. from Utiea, 143 from Albany. The village contains a number of taverns, stores, and about 20 dwellings. Pop. 2,464. CINALOA, formerly a province of Mexi co, but now forming the S. part of the in- tendency of Sonora. CINALOA, t. Mexico, on Cinaloa river, which falls into the Gulf of California. Lat. 25 50' N. CINCINNATI AND ITS ENVIRONS. CINCINNATI, a large commercial city and capital of Hamilton co. Ohio, near the SW. corner of the state, on the N. bank of the Ohio river, 20 in. above the mouth of the Great Miami, 93 W. by S. from Chillicothe, 175 NE. from Louisville, 102 NNE. from Frankfort, 465 below Pittsburg by water. .Lon. 7 25' W. from W. C. Lat. 39 6' N. It is regularly laid out, in a pleasant and healthy situation, the streets crossing each other at right angles. The growth of Cin cinnati has been rapid, almost without a parallel^ In 1800, the population was 500 ; in 1810, 2,540 ; in 18l5^it was estimated at 6,500 ; in 1820, it was 9,642, in 1830, it was 26,515, and in 1840, 46,338. Its po sition is a beautiful vale, twelve miles in circumference, created by an elliptical sweep of Ohio hills. Such of these eminences as have not been laid bare by the unsparing hand of progressive improvement, are beau tifully wooded to their summits ; and, by the swell and indentation of their waving out line, present to the view of the beholder the most graceful and charming forms. From the summit of any of these hills, the town is distinctly presented to the eye, and spreads a panoramic map of exquisite beauty and variety. Cincinnati is the most flourishing commercial town in the west, except New Orleans : and furnishes perhaps the most sig nal example of that spirit and capacity for improvement, which result from the exist ence of free institutions, and are destined to fill the Mississippi valley with a teeming population. Seven of the streets are 66 feet wide, and 396 apart, intersected by streets of the same width and distance at right angles. One entire square, and the frac tion of another, are reserved in central parts GIN CIR 255 of the city for public buildings. The city buildings cover an irregular area nearest the form of a parallelogram. The central parts are compactly built \vith houses and stores that would ornament any town. The most showy quarters are Main, Broadway, and Fourth-street, westward from its intersec tion with Main. Pearl-street, leading from the lower Market to Walnut-st., is composed of uniform buildings, terminated by a mag nificent hotel, five stories high, and will add greatly to the beauty of that part of the city. The public buildings are a court house, jail, four market-houses, one of them 500 feet in length, the Bazaar, the Cincin nati College, the Catholic Athenreum, the Medical College, for which a second spa cious and commodious building is erected, the Mechanics' Institute, 2 Theatres, 2 Museums, the Hospital and Lunatic Asy lum, and the Woodward High jSchool. Be sides these, there are 24 churches, great and small. Of these the Second Presbyterian church is the handsomest, the exterior being of agreeable architecture, and the interior decidedly beautiful. The Unitarian church is a singularly neat one. The interior of the Catholic church is striking. The first and third Presbyterian churches are spacious buildings, as also the new Methodist and Bap tist churches. Some of the other churches make a respectable appearance. There are many fine blocks of stores on Front and Main streets, and the eye is arrested by many beau tiful private habitations. Architectural taste is daily becoming more enlightened and agreeable. The dull red of the brick walls is giving way to more pleasing shades be tween white and green ; and a beautiful stucco imitating marble and granite is getting into fashion. The number of substantial buildings added annually to the city for three years past averages 450. It has already become a great manufacturing town, and is constantly becoming more so. Our limits preclude details; but all the substantial manufactures known in our country are carried on to a greater or less extent. The manufactures in iron are very great, par ticularly in the article of heavy castings and all sorts of machinery driven by steam. Of such establishments there are 9 or 10 and some of them on a great scale. The next most extensive article is cabinet work Steam-boat building is a great item. Hat ting is pursued to a great extent. It is be lieved that the city contains at least 40 manufacturing establishments driven by steam. There are two fire companies, ant 34 charitable societies, and 25 religious so cieties, in which most of the religious opi nions of Christendom are represented, anc whose mutual watchfulness of each other educes concord from jealousy, by hindering the hurtful predominance of any one of them and enabling each to pursue its respective interests unmolested and in peace. Though the imperfect filling out of the magnificen' plan of the city, the cumbering of the streets vith timber, stone, bricks, and mortar, and he inconvenience of actual building, present an image of crudeness and immaturity, it leeds little spirit of prophecy to predict from he past to the future, that this city, which ,vill be shortly central to more than two nillions of inhabitants, which presents the greatest variety of models in theories and maginings of strangers from all parts of ;he world, which evolves the germs of emu- ation and rivalry to a fault, and which abounds in provision, natural wealth, fuel, and all the materials of building, and which s moreover a healthy town, will, in the course of a few years, vie in beauty and population with the first towns in the Union. The buildings of the Cincinnati Manu- acturing Company, on the bank above Deer creek, are numerous and extensive; the main edifice is 150 feet long, from 20 to 37 feet wide, and from two to four stories high. The most capacious, elevated and perma nent building in this place, is the Steam Mill, erected^in the years 1812, '13, and '14, on the river beach, upon a bed of horizontal lime-stone rocks, and in high floods is for its whole length exposed to the current. The foundation is 62 by 87 feet, and about 10 feet thick. Its height is 110 feet, and the number of stories 9, including 2 above the eaves. To the height of 40 feet, the wall is battered or drawn in ; above it is perpendicular. The cornice is of brick, and the roof of wood, in the common style. It has twenty-four doors and ninety windows. The lime-stone with which it was built was quarried at various places in the bed of the river, and measures in the wall 6,620 per ches. Besides this, it swallowed up 90,000 bricks, 14,800 bushels of lime, and 81,200 cubic feet of timber. Its weight is estimated at 15,655 tons. Through fhe building there is a wall dividing each story into two une qual apartments, the one designed for man ufacturing flour, the other for receiving wool and cotton machinery, a flax-seed oil- mill, fulling-mill, and several other ma chines. CINCINNATUS, ts. and v. Cortlandt co. N. Y., 14 m. SE. from Homer, 140 W. from Albany, 354 from W. C. Valuable iron ore is found here. It is watered by Osletic creek. The village in the centre of the ts. contains a grist-mill, several stores, and 40 or 50 dwellings. Pop. ts. 1,301. CINCINNATUS, v. Tippecanoe co. Ind., on the N. side of the Wabash, below Lafay ette. CINTHIANA, t. and cap. Harrison co. Ken., on a branch of the Licking river, 13 m. N. from Paris, 24 N. from Lexington. It contains a bank, academy, court-house, and jail. CIRCLEVILLE, v. and seat of justice in Pickaway co. 0., on the E. side of Scioto r. on the O. and Erie canal, 26 m. below Columbia. It derives its name from some ancient works in a rude circular form, on the site of which it is situated. The adjacent country is amongst 256 CIT CLA the most fertile of the Ohio valley. In it are two woollen factories and 3 saw-mills on Hager's creek, a court-house, jail, bank, market-house, 5 canal warehouses, six churches, an academy, 5 tanneries, 2 brew eries, and various other mechanic shops. Many of the buildings are spacious and ele gant. It is a place of great business and importance. Its exports consist of pork, flour, wheat, clover seed, corn, oats, flax- seed, whiskey, lard, bacon, feathers, and butter. Pop. 2,329. CITY POINT, v. Prince George co. Va., on the S. side of James river, at the junc tion of the Appomatox, 100 m. above Hamp ton Roads, 12 E. from Petersburg, 25 SE. from Richmond, 158 from W. C. Lon. 77 32' W. Lat. 37 18' N. James river is navi gable to this place for large ships, which come up here to load. CITY OF THE FOUR LAKES, v. Dane co. Wisconsin, on one of the Four Lakes, NW. of Madison city. CITY WEST, v. Porter co. Ind., on lake Michigan, 13 m. WSW. from Michigan city. CIVIL ORDER, v. NW. part of Bedford co. Ten., 48 m. from Nashville. CLAIBORNE, co. Ten., between Clinch and Powell's rivers; bounded by Va. N. by Hawkins co. Ten. E. Clinch river, or Granger, and Knox SE. and Powell's river, or Campbell, NW. Length 40 m., mean width 10. Chief town, Tazewell. Pop. in 1830, 8,470, and in 1840, 9,474. CLAIBORNE, co. Miss., bounded NW. by Mississippi and Big-black rivers, and S. by Jefferson. Length 32 m., mean width 12. Chief town, Gibson-port. Pop. in 1830, 9,787, and in 1840, 13,078. CLAIBORNE, Fort, t. on the left bank of Alabama river, in Monroe co. Ala., at the head of schooner navigation, 25 m. E. from Fort St. Stephens. CLAREMONT, ts. Sullivan co. N. H., on E. side of the Connecticut, 11 m. N. by E. from Charlestown, 24 N. from Walpole, 25 S. by W. from Dartmouth College, 47 W. by N. from Concord, 466 from W. C. The principal village is pleasantly situated on Sugar river, 4 m. E. of the Connecticut, and contains 2 handsome meeting-houses, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 built jointly by Methodists and Universalists, a paper- mill, and several other valuable mills. There is an Episcopal church 2^ m. W. of this village. This ts. is watered by Connecticut and Sugar rivers, besides numerous brooks and rivulets. It contains a number of manu factories of eloth, paper, leather, &c. Pop. 3,217. CLARENCE, ts. and v. Niagara co. N. Y., on the Tonnewanta, 280 m. W. from Albany, 412 from W. C. The village is 18 m. NE. from Buffalo, has several mills, a distillery, tannery, a large number of stores, ashery, and about 50 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,271. CLARENCE, Duke of, straits, on the NW. coast of N. America, between Duke of York and Prince of Wales Island; and between Prince of Wales Island and Point Barry. Lon. 56 W. from W. C. Lat. 56 30' N. CLARENDON, ts. Rutland co. Vt., 30m. W. from Windsor. Here are good marble, a mineral spring, and a curious cave. Here are some manufactures of various kinds. Pop. 1,550. CLARENDON, ts. and v. Orleans co. N. Y., 13 m. W. from Rochester, S. from Erie canal, and SE. from Batavia, and 250 N. from Albany. The village, 9 m. SE. from Albion, has several stores and taverns, a grist and saw-mill, and about 25 dwellings. Pop. ts. 2,251. CLARIDON, pts. Geauga co. Ohio, 170 m. NE. from Columbus, and 30 m. E. from Cleveland. CLARINGTON, v. Salem ts. Monroe co. 0., on the Ohio river, 18 in. E. from Woods- field, and contains one tavern, several stores, and is a pleasant village. CLARK, co. Ohio, bounded on the N. by Champaign, E. by Madison, S. by Green, and W. by Montgomery and Miami cos. The principal streams of Clark co. are Mud river, Buck and Beaver creeks. The face of the country is beautiful, and the soil fer tile. Much of it is under a high state of cultivation. Springfield is the county seat. Pop. in 1830, 13,074, and in 1840, 16,882. CLARK, co. NE. part of Missouri, bound ed N. by Iowa Territory, E. by R. des Moines and Miss.^rivers, S. by Marion and Shelby, and W. uncertain. Pop. 2,846. CLARK, co. II., on the waters of Kas- kaskia and Little Wabash. Pop. in 1820, 931, in 1830, 3,940, and in 1840, 7,453. Darwin is the seat of justice. CLARK co. Ark., bounderies and area uncertain. Pop. in 1820, 1,040, in 1830, 1,369, and in 1840, 2,309. CLARKE, C. H. Clarke co. Ark., 75 m, from Little Rock. CLARKE, co. In., bounded by the Ohio r. SE. Harrison SW. Washington W. and NW. Jennings N. and Jefferson NE. Chief town, Charleston. Pop. 1820, 8,079, 1830, 10,719, and in 1840, 15,595. CLARKE, co. Ken., bounded by Ken tucky r. N. Madison and Fayette SW. Bour bon NW. Montgomery NE. and Estill SE. Length 25 m., mean width 8. Chief town, Winchester. Pop. in 1820, 11,449, in 1830, 13,052, and in 1840, 10,802. CLARKE, co. Geo., bounded by Jackson, NW. Madison NE. Oglethorpe E. Greene S. and Morgan SW. Length 21 m., mean width 11. Chief town, Watkinsville. Pop. in 1820, 8,867, in 1830, 10,176, of whom 4,738 were people of color, and in 1840, 10,522, of whom 4,877 were slaves. CLARKE, co. Ala., bounded W. by Tom- bigbee river, N. by Marengo, and E. by Monroe. Chief town, Clarkesville. Pop. in 1820, 5,839, in 1830, 7,584, and in 1840, 8,640. CLARKESBOROUGH, Jackson co. Geo., CLA 257 on a branch of Oconee river, 10 m. S. from Jefferson. CLARKESBOROUGH, v. Greenwich ts. Gloucester co. N. J., 5 m. SW. from Wood- bury, 44 from Trenton, and 150 from W. C., and contains some 25 or 30 dwellings. CLARKSBURG, ts. Berkshire co. Mass., on Hoosack river, 125 W. by N. from Bos ton, and 27 N. by E. from Lenox. A branch of Hoosack river passes through it. It con tains a cotton factory and 5 saw-mills. CLARKSBURG, t. Montgomery co. Md., on the road from Washington city to Frede- ricktown, 25 m. from the former, and 15 from the latter place. CLARKSBURG, t. and seat of justice for Harrison co. Va., on the right bank of the Monongahela, 40 IB. SSW. from Morgan- town. ^Lat. 39 18' N. Lon. from W. C. 3 20' W. CLARKSBURG, v. Habersham co. Geo., 140 m. NW. f;-om Augusta. CLARKSBURG, v. Ross co. Ohio, 16 m. NW. from Chillicothe, 32 SE. from Loudon, and 14 W. from Circleville, on the west bank of Hay Run, a branch of Deer creek, and contains about 30 dwellings, 5 stores, 1 tavern, and 150 inhabitants. CLARKSBURG, t. arid seat of justice, Lewis co. Ken., on a creek of Ohio river, 25 m. by land NNW. from Washington, Ken. Lat. 38 44' N. Lon. from W. C. 6 10' W. CLARKSBURG, v. NE. part of Decatur co. Ind., on Salt creek. CLARK'S FERRY, v. Musquetin co. Iowa, on the Mississippi, above Iowa v. CLARK'S FERRY, v. on the Susque- hannah river, in Perry co. Pa., 43 m. NW. from Harrisburg. CLARK'S FORK, r. one of the great branches of the Yellow-stone, falls into that stream from the S. about 100 m. above the mouth of Bighorn river. CLARKSON, v. Columbiana co. O., 9 m. E. from New Lisbon, and 150 from Colum bus. It contains several mechanic shops, 2 stores, and about 150 inhabitants. CLARKSON, pts. Monroe co. N. Y., 328 m. NW. from Albany ; watered by Sandy and Little Salmon creeks. Pop. 3,486. CLARK'S RIVER, the great middle branch of Columbia r., rises in the Chip- pewan mountains, interlocking with the sources of the Missouri, flows SW. W. and NW. by a course of about 800 m. joins Lewis' river, and forms the Columbia. CLARKSTOWN, v. on the W. side of the Hackensack river, Rockland co. N. Y., 5 m. from the Hudson. It contains 1 cot ton factory, several mills and churches. CLARKSTOWN, ts. and seat of justice, Rockland co. N. Y., on the W. side of the Hudson, 1 17 m. S. from Albany, 28 m. N. from N. Y. Pop. 2,533. CLARKSVILLE, pts. SW. part of Al- leghany co. N. Y. Pop. in 1835, 252, and in 1840, 326. CLARKSVILLE, v. Brookfield ts. Madi son co. N. Y., 90 m. W. from Albany, on H 1 Beaver creek, contains 2 stores, 1 tavern, 1 furnace, and about 60 dwellings, and is a place of considerable business. CLARKSVILLE, v. Spartanburg district, S. C., 110 m. NNW. of Columbia. CLARKESVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Montgomery co. Ten., on the point of land formed by the junction of Cumberland and Red rivers, 45 m. by land below Nashville. Lat. 36 28' N. Lon. from W. C. 10 11' W. CLARKESVILLE, t. Clarke co. In., at the lower part of the rapids of Ohio. CLARKESVILLE, v. Clinton co. Ohio, 85 m. SW. from Columbus, and ,10 m. W. from Wilmington, and contains 3 tanneries, 5 stores, 1 hatter, 1 cabinet-maker, 3 tav erns, and about 200 inhabitants. CLARKSVILLE, v. Wayne co. Pa., a small village on the road from Honesdale to Carbondale. CLARKSVILLE, v. King and Queen co. Va., 50 m. NE. from Richmond. CLARKSVILLE, v. Habersham co. Geo., 140 m. N. from Milledgeville. CLARKSVILLE, v. Pike co. Miso., on Mississippi r., 83 m. NNW. from St. Charles, and 93 NNW. from St. Louis. CLARKSVILLE, v. Clark co. Ala., 12 m. NE. from St. Stephens. CLAVERACK, ts. Columbia co. N. Y., 116 m. N. from N. Y., and 35 S. from Al bany. It is noted for the Claverack falls, which are in the N W. part of the township. Pop. 3,056. The village of the same name is situated 5 m. E. from Hudson, in which there is a post-office. CLAY, co. Ken., on the head waters of Cumberland and Kentucky r. bounded by Knox co. SE. Rockcastle W. Madison, Es- till, and Floyd E.; length 50 m. mean width about 40, area 2,000 sq. ms. Chief town, Manchester. Pop. in 1830, 3,549 ; and in 1840, 4,607. CLAY-PONDS, light-house, on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. CLAYSVILLE, v. Washington co. Pa., on the U. S. turnpike road, 10 m. W. from the borough of Washington, 20 E. from Wheeling. . This village contains 30 or 40 houses in one street along the road. CLAYSVILLE, v. Harrison co. Ken., 48 m. NE. from Frankfort. CLAY, pts. in the N. part of Onondaga co. N. Y., 151 m. from Albany, and 11 N. from Syracuse. Pop. 2,852. CLAY, co. Missouri, in the W. part, bounded N. by Clinton, E. by Ray, S. by Missouri river, and W. by the W. boundary of the state. It is a rich and fertile co. Lib erty is the seat of justice. Pop. 8,292. CLAY, co. Ind., bounded N. by Parke, E. by Putnam and Owen, S. by Greene, and W, by Vigo. Pop. 5,567. Bowling Green, 69 m. W. of Indianapolis, is the capital. CLAY, co. II., bounded N. by Effingham and Jasper, E. by Lawrence, S. by Wayne, and W. by Marion. Its streams are the Little Wabash and its tributaries. About two-thirds of the country is prairie, of an in- 258 CLA CLI ferior quality. Maysville is the chief town. Pop. in 1835, 1,648 ; and in 1840, 3,228. CLAY PRAIRIE, Clark co. II., 8 m. SW. from Darwin, and contains a large and beautiful settlement. CLAYSBURG, v. Israel ts. Preble co. Ohio, contains 15 or 20 houses. CLAYSVILLE, v. Perry ts. Ccshocton co. O., 17 m. from Coshocton v. It con tains 50 or 60 dwellings, 6 stores, 1 oil-mill, and several mechanic shops, and is a flour ishing place. CLAYSVILLE, v. Washington co. Ind., 00 m. S. of Indianapolis. CLAYSVILLE, v. Westland ts. Guern sey co. Ohio, 70 m. E. of Columbus, S. of the National road, and 1 1 from Norwich. It contains about 200 inhabitants, 3 stores, 6 mechanic shops, a church, a school-house, and a carding machine. CLAYTON, co. Iowa, on the Mississippi river. Prairie le Fort and Salisbury are the chief villages. Pop. 111. CLAYTON, t. and cap. of Barbour co. Al., on the E. fork of the Choctawhatchie river. CLAYTON, v. in the E. part of Adams co. II. CLAYTON, pts. Perry co. Ohio, 8 m. E. from Somerset. CLAYTON'S STORE, v. Campbell co. Va., contains about a dozen houses. CLAYTONVILLE, v. Raburn co. Geo., 160 m. NNW. from Milledgeville. CLAYVILLAGE, v. Shelby co. Ken., 16 m. W. from Frankfort. CLEAR SPRING, v. Washington co. Md., 82 m, NW. from W. C. CLEAR CREEK, Ohio, empties into the Miami from the E. below Franklin. CLEAR CREEK, pts. Richland co. Ohio, 90 m. NE. from Columbus, and contains about 1,200 inhabitants. CLEARFIELD, co. in the central part of Pa., on a creek which runs into the W. branch of the Susquehannah. Pop. in 1830, 4,803; and in 1840, 7,834. Chief town, Clearfield. CLEARFIELD, t. and cap. Clearfield co. Pa., situated in the central part of the coun ty, on the W. branch of the Susquehannah, contains the county buildings, 2 churches, several mechanic shops, and several stores and taverns. It is 129 m. from Harrisburg, and 200 from W. C. CLERMONT, pts. Columbia co. N. Y., on the Hudson, 15 m. below Hudson, 45 below Albany. Pop. 1,231. The elesant country-seat of the late Robert R. Living ston is in this town. CLERMONT, co. SW. part of Ohio, on the Ohio r. Chief town, Batavia, bounded N. by Warren, E. by Brown co. S. by the Ohio river, and W. by Hamilton co. Pop. in 1830, 20,466; and in 1840, 23,106. CLEVELAND, city and cap. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on the mouth of Cuyahoga r. on lake Erie, 54 m. NW. from Warren, 150 NE. from Columbus, 60 E. from Sandusky, 180 W. from Buffalo, 131 NW. from Pitts- burg. During the late war, it was a depot of provisions ; and a place where many boats and lake craft were built ; and it is a noted point of embarkation on the lake. It is a growing place, having 5 churches, a court house, jail, an academy, about 50 exten sive mercantile establishments, besides book stores, shoe and leather stores, hatter-shops, a large number of grocery and provision stores, 10 heavy forwarding houses connect ed with lake and canal transportation. Man ufacturing is not carried on extensively ; there are, however, 2 steam engine shops, 1 iron foundery, 1 sash-factory, 1 steam flour mill, capable of making 120 barrels of flour daily, 3 cabinet shops, &c. &c. Its popula tion at different periods will best exhibit its march in the race of improvement. In 1825 it contained 500 inhabitants ; in 1830, 1,000 ; in 1834, 4,300 ; and at the census of 1840, 6,071. Lat. 41 31' N. Lon. from W. C. 4 44' W. The great Ohio canal here connects with the lake. This town, inter mediate between Buffalo and Cincinnati, and the depot of the vast amounts of mer chandise destined E. and W., has become one of the most important cities of the west. CLEVELAND, v. Tippecanoe co. In diana. CLEVELAND, v. Constantia ts. Oswego co. N. Y.,in the SE. part of thets. on Black creek. It contains an extensive tannery, several stores and taverns, and about 25 dwellings. CLEVES, t. King George's co. Va., on the Rappahannock, 2 m. N. from Port Royal. CLEVES, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, at the N. bend of the Ohio, 16 m. W. from Cin cinnati, 3 m. from the state line, and 130 SW. from Columbus. It contains several stores and taverns, and about 1,200 inhabit ants. CLIFTON, v. Russell co. Va., 330 m. W. from Richmond. CLIFTON, v. Miami ts. Green co. O., at the falls of the Little Miami, 45 m. SW. from Columbus, 10 NE. of Xenia, and 9 S. from Springfield. It contains 3 dry good stores, several groceries, 2 taverns, 12 me chanic shops, 2 meeting-houses, 1 large flouring mill, 1 cotton factory, and 4 or 500 inhabitants. It is a flourishing place. CLIFTON, v. Madison co. II., on the Mississippi, 4 m. above Alton. Here is a landing, a steam saw-mill, an excellent free stone quarry, and a quarry of water cement of lime-stone. CLIFTON PARK, ts. Saratoga co. N. Y., 15 m. S. from Ballston Spa, and 15 from Albany, drained N. and S. by small streams which interlock centrally the Mohawk ; a turnpike runs NW. across the Is., and the Erie canal follows the river. Pop. 2,719. CLINCH, r. Ten., rises in Va., and run ning SW; into Tennessee, unites with the Holston at Kingston to form:the Tennessee r. It is navigable for boats 200 m. CLI 259 CLINCH MOUNTAIN, Ten., divides the waters of Clinch and Holston rivers. CLINTON, ts. Kennebeck co. Me., 26 m. N. from Augusta, 12 m. S. by E. from Skowhegan. It has some manufactures and large a^ric iltural products. Pop. 2,818. CLINTON, co. in the NE. part of N. Y., bounded N. by Canada, E. by lake Cham- plain, S. by Essex co. and W. by Franklin co. Pop. in 1830, 19,344, and in 1840, 21,157. Chief town, Plattsburg. It forms the NE. boundary of the state. CLINTON, ts. Dutchess co. N. Y., on the Hudson r. below Hudson, 90 m. NE. from N. Y., 70 m. SE. from Albany, and 16 from Poughkeepsie. Roofing: slate of good quality has extensively been found ; drained by Salt Point Creek, a tributary of Wappinger's creek. Pop. 1,830. CLINTON, v. Oneila co. N. Y., on Oriskanny creek, 9 m. WSW. from Utica, on the Chenan?o canal, contains 3 churches, 2 seminaries for females, 2 academies, a worsted factory, various mechanic shops, and about 50 dwellings. Hamilton college, near this village, was incorporated in 1812, and from the liberal support given by public and private patronage, is a flourishing in stitution. It is under the direction of a presiJent, 3 professors, and 2 tutors. The studies of which a knowledge is necessary in order to admission into the freshman class, are Virgil, Cicero's Select Orations, Greek Testament, and Vulgar Arithmetic. The following is the course of study : 1st year, Livy, five books, Adams' Antiquities, Graeca 'Minora, Grseca Majora. Neilson's Exercises, Murray's Grammar, Geography, Arithmetic, and Algebra; 2d year, Grseca Majora continued, Geography continued, Cicero de Oratore, Horace, Euclid, Webber's Mathematics, and Flint's Surveying ; 3d year, Webber's Mathematics finished, En- field's Philosophy, Tacitus, Homer, Tyler's Elements of History, and Chemistry ; 4th year, Duncan's Lo^ic, Locke on the Human Understanding, Paley's Moral Philosophy, Blair's Lectures, and Kaimes' Elements of Criticism. For tuition each student pays for the first two years $21 per annum, for the other two years $30 per annum, room rent $9, and for board from $1,75 to $2. Commencement is held on the 4th Wed nesday of August. There are three vaca tions; the 1st, from commencement, 6 weeks ; the 2d, from the 2d Wednesday in January, 3 weeks ; the 3d, from the 2d Wednesday in May, 4 weeks. CLINTON, v. Hunterdon co. N. J., on the S. branch of the Raritan, 30 m. WNW. from New Brunswick, 20 m. from Somerville, 17 m. from Easton, 10 m. NE. from Flem- ington, 33 NE. from Trenton. It contains 2 churches, 2 large grist-mills, with 2 runs of stone each, an oil-mill, at which about 10,000 bushels of flax-seed are annually manufacture 1, 1 woollen factory, with ful ling mill, and cards for country work, seve ral stores and taverns, and about 40 dwell ings. Iron ore and plumbago abound in the neighboring mountain. CLINTON, t. and cap. Hickman co. Ken., 308 m. SW. from Frankfort. Pop. about 100. CLINTON, v. Franklin ts. Stark co. O., 17 in. NW. from Canton, 4 m. from Doyles- town, and 120 N. by E. from Columbus. CLINTON, co. In., bounded N. by Car roll, E. by lands not yet laid out into cos., S. by Boone, and W. by Tippecanoe. It is watered by Winship's, Peters, and Douglass creeks, and the head waters of Su^ar creek. Frankfort is the capital. Pop. 7,588. CLINTON, co. Illinois, bounded N. by Bond, E. by Marion, S. by Washington, and W. by St. Clair and Madison. The streams which water this county are the Kaskaskia river and its tributaries, Crooked, Shoal, and Sugar creeks. It is about equally pro portioned into prairie and timber land, with an undulating surface. The soil is mostly second rate. Carlyle is the county seat. Pop. in 1835, 2,648, and in 1840, 3,718. CLINTON, co. Miso., in the W. part, bounded N. and E. by lands not laid out, S. by Clay, and W. by the W. line of the state. Plattsburg is the seat of justice. Pop. 2,724. CLINTON, co. of Lincoln, U. C., on lake Ontario. CLINTON, co. Ohio, on the waters of Little Miami, bounded by Warren W. Greene and Fayette N. Clinton E. High land SE. and Brown S. ; length 22 m. mean width 18. Chief town, Wilmington. Pop. in 1820, 8,085; in 1830, 11,292, and in 1840, 15,719. CLINTON, v. Parke co. In., on the right bank of Wabash r. Lat. 39 40', Lon. from W. C. 10 20' W. CLINTON, v. Anderson co. Ten., on the right bank of Clinch r., 150 m. a little N. of E. from Murfreesborough. Lat. 36 5' N. Lon. from W. C. 7 12' W. CLINTON, v. Samson co. N. C., about 70 m. S. from Raleigh. CLINTON, v. and seat of justice, Jones co. Geo., 22 m. W. from Milledgeville. Lat. 33 V N. Lon. from W. C. 6 48' W. It contains a court-house, jail, several public houses, and is a place of some trade. CLINTON, v. Greene co. Al., 25 m. S. from Tuscaloosa. CLINTON, v. East Feliciana, La., 180 m. NW. from New Orleans. CLINTON, v. Hinds co. Miss., 80 m. NE. from Natchez. CLINTON, v. Centre ts. Greene co. Pa., 8 m. W. from Waynesburg. CLINTON, co. Mictu, bounded N. by Gratiot, E. by Shiawassee, S. by Ingham and Eaton, W. by Ionia co. Pop. 1,614. CLINTON, co. Iowa, on the Mississippi r., intersected by the Wabepisipimecon river. Camanche and New York are the chief vil lages. Pop. 821. CLINTON, v. E. part of Dane co. Wis consin, on Kushkanong creek. 260 CLI COL CLINTON, v. N. part of Macon co. II., 24 m. N. of Decatur, and contains 10 or 12 families. CLINTON, v. NE. part of Ripley co. In diana. CLINTONVILLE, v. Chester co. Pa., 12 m. NE. from West Chester. CLINTONVILLE, v. Greenbrier co. Va., 231 m. NW. of Richmond. CLINTONVILLE, v. Bourbon co. Ken., 52 m. E. from Frankfort. CLINTON HOLLOW, Dutchess co. N. Y., is situated between the townships of Rhinebeck and Poughkeepsie, and lies along Hudson river. The post-office is 90 m. S. from Albany. CLINTONVILLE, v. Onondaga co. N. Y., 145 m. a little N. of W. from Albany. CLINTONVILLE, v. Clinton co. N. Y., 145 m. N. of Albany, and 530 from W. C., 6 W. of Keeseville. Contains a rolling and slitting mill, nail factory, chain cable factory, 1 forge with 4 fires, anchor factory, &c., and 200 houses. CLOCKVILLE, v. Lenox ts. Madison co. N. Y., 10 m. NVV. from Morrisville. Con- tains 2 churches, 2 stores, 2 taverns, 1 grist and saw-mill, and about 70 dwellings. CLOSTER, v. Hackensack ts. Bergen co. N. J., 4 1-2 m. from Hackensack t. on the west foot of Palisade Hill. Contains one tavern, one store, and 15 or 20 dwellings. CLOUTIERSVILLE, v. in the SE. part of Natchitoches parish, La. CLOVERPORT, v. Breckenridge co. Ken., on the Ohio river. CLYDE, r. of Orleans co. Vt, which falls into lake Memphremagog, at its SE. corner. CLYDE, v. on the great western canal, in Wayne co. N. Y., 18 m. NE. from Geneva, and 25 NW. from Auburn. Contains 3 churches, several stores and forwarding houses, 2 grist and 2 saw-mills, a glass fac tory, &c. &c. It is a flourishing place, and has about 100 houses. CLYDE RIVER, of N. Y., formed by the outlet of Canandaigua lake, and Mud creek. These two latter unite at Lyons, in Wayne co. CLYMER, ts. Chatauque co. N. Y., 353 m. from Albany, and 15 SW. from May- ville. CLYMER, v. in the above co. and ts. Contains 1 tavern, 2 stores, 1 grist and 2 saw-mills, and about 15 dwellings. COALMINES, v. Chesterfield co. Va. COALSMOUTH, v. Kenhawa co. Va. COATESVILLE, v. Chester co. Pa., 60 m. from Harrisbursr, and 114 from W. C. COBBESSECONTE, r. Kennebeck co. Me., is formed of two branches which unite in Gardiner, and falls into the Kennebeck. COCHRAN GROVE, post-office and set tlement in Shelby co. II., 10 m. E. from Shelbyville. COCHRANVILLE, v. Abbeville district, S. C., J02 m. W. from Columbia. COCHRANVILLE, Chester co. Pa., 60 m. from Harrisburg, and 102 from W. C. Contains some 15 or 20 houses. COCKE, co. E. Ten., bounded by N. C. SE. Sevier and Jefferson W. Jefferson N. Greene NK. Length 22 m., mean width 17. Chief town, Newport. Pop. in 1820, 4,892, in 1830, 5,048, and in 1840, 6,992. COEYMANS, ts. and v. Albany co. N. Y., on the Hudson, at the mouth of Coey- mans creek, 14 m. S. from Albany. The village contains 2 churches, 1 grist and 1 saw-mill, 3 taverns, 6 stores, and various mechanic shops. Pop. of the ts. 3,107. COFFEEVILLE, v. on the left bank of the Tombigbee r. Clarke co. Ala. COFFEYVILLE, v. Clarke co. Ky., 35 m. SE. from Frankfort. COHANZY, or Csesarea creek, N. J.. rises in Salem co. and passing through Cum berland co. falls into Delaware river oppo site Bombay Hook. It is navigable for ves sels of 100 tons to Bridgeton, 20 m. from its mouth, above which it is not navigable, but affords a very valuable water power, which is used at the town for driving a rolling and slitting mill. COHASSET, s-p. Norfolk co. Mass., 20 m. E. from Dedham, 25 SE. from Boston. Cohasset rocks, which have been fatal to many vessels, lie off this place, 3 m. from the shore. This place has about 40 sail of merchant, coasting and fishing vessels, and a large tide-water power. The value of salt, vessels, boots, shoes, and wooden ware, manu factured, amounts annually to $40,000. Pop* 1,470. COITSVILLE, pts. Trumbull co. Ohio,. 16 m. SE. from Warren. The Beaver river runs through the SW. part of the ts. COKALAHISKIT, r. Oregon Ter., rises in the Rocky mountains, and after a course of about 300 m. enters Clark's r., a branch of the Columbia, in Lon. 113 W. Lat. about 47 N. COLCHESTER, ts. Chittenden co. Vt., on lake Champlain, at the mouth of Onion river, 5 m. N. from Burlington, and 36 m. NW. from Montpelier. It is well watered by Onion river and some smaller streams. Pop. 1,739. COLCHESTER, ts. New London co. Ct., 15 m. W. from Norwich, 25 SE. from Hart ford. Bacon Academy in this town was founded in 1801. Its funds are $30,000. It is a flourishing institution, and has annu ally about 90 scholars. The academy build ing is of brick, 75 feet by 34. Pop. 2,101. COLCHESTER, pts. Delaware co. N. Y., 21 m. S. from Delhi, and 91 m. from Albany. Pop. 1,561. COLCHESTER, t. Fairfax co. Va., on Occoquam creek, 4 m. above its confluence with the Potomac, 16m. SW. from Alexan dria, 1 06 N. from Richmond. The creek is navigable to this place for boats. COLD CREEK, Ohio, runs N. and falls into Sandusky bay, a little W. from Sandus- ky. Its source is a large spring in the township of Margaretta, covering an acre COL 261 and a half of ground. A number of mills are erected on the creek. COLDENH AM,v. in Montgomery,Orange co. N. Y. It contains a post-office, 2 taverns, 2 stores, 3 churches, and 20 or 30 dwellings. COLD SPRING, v. Suffolk co. N. Y., at Ihe head of a small bay of Long Island Sound, and 38 m. from New York. COLDSPRING, p-t. Cape May co. N. J., 112 m. from Trenton, and 117 m. NE. from W. C. Contains one tavern, 2 stores, from 20 to 25 dwellings, and an Episcopal church. COLD-STREAM MILLS, v. Hampshire 1 co. Va. COLD SPRING, v. Putnam co. N. Y. Here is located the great iron foundery of the U. States. Contains 1 blast furnace, 3 air furnaces, and 3 cupola furnaces. Annual value of manufactures of iron, $280,000. It is 50 m. from N. Y., near the Hudson. COLD SPRING, v. Wilkinson co. Miss., 30 m. S. from Natchez. COLD SPRING, v. Hardiman co. Ten., 150 m. SW. from Nashville. COLD SPRING SETTLEMENT, Shel by co. II., 12 m. S. from Shelbyville, on the road from Nandlia to Shelbyville. COLE, co. Miso., bounded W. by Mor gan, NW. by Cooper, N. and NE. by the Missouri rivers, ESE. and S. by the Osage river. Jefferson city, the capital of the state, Is situated in this county, and is also the cap ital of the county. Pop. in 1830, 3,023, and in 1840, 9,286. COLES, eo. Illinois, bounded N. by Cham paign, E. by Edgar and Clark, S. by Jas per and Effingham, and W. by Shelby and Macon. It is watered by the Kaskaskia and Embarras rivers and their branches. Most of the land is excellent ; in some parts prairie predominates, but, in general, the surface is well proportioned into prairie and woodland. Most of the settlements are of recent formation. Charleston is the seat of justice. Pop. in 1835, 5,125, and in 1840, 9,616. COLEBROOK, ts. Coos co. N. H., Ill m. N. from Concord, and 35 N. from Lan caster. It is watered by the Mohawk river and Beaver brook. There is an academy in this ts. incorporated in 1833. Popula tion, 743. COLEBROOK, ts. Litchfield co. Ct., 18 m. NNE. from Litchfield. Here are iron works and several mills on Still river, a wa ter of Farmington river. The eastern part of this ts. is watered by Farmington river. JHere are a number of good mill sites and a manufactory of broadcloth. Pop. 1,332. COLEBROOK DALE, t. Berks co. Pa., Pop. 1,046. COLLEGE CORNERS, v. Butler co. O., near the corner of Butler and Preble cos. It contains 1 tavern, 2 stores, and several mechanic shops. It is 7 1-2 m. from Liber ty, Ind., 16 from Eaton, and 17 from Brook- ville, Ind. COLERAINE, ts. Franklin co. Mass., 9 m. NW. from Greenfield, 105 NW. from Boston. It is watered by branches of Deer- field river, which produces a water power !br 3 cotton mills. Its manufactures consist of cotton goods, iron castings, leather, hats, hairs, ploughs, spades, shovels, forks, hoej &c. Annual amount, about $90,000. Pop. 1,971. COLERAINE, v. Camden co. Geo., on the St. Mary's river, 30 m. above St. Mary's. COLERAINE, pts. Ross co. Ohio, 15 m. NE. from Chillicothe, and 18 m. from Columbus. It is considerably improved and contains about 2,000 inhabitants. COLERAINE, pts. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the Miami river, 15 m. above its junction with the Ohio, and 10 m. NW. from Cincin nati. COLE RIVER, N. H., runs into Con necticut river, at Walpole. COLE RIVER, Va., runs into the Ken- hawa, from the S. COLES, v. Woodford co. Ken., 13 m. from Lexington. COLESVILLE, v. Chesterfield co. Va. COLIMA, a town of Mexico, in the in- tendency of Guadalaxara, on the frontiers of Valladolid ; it is seated at the foot of a volcanic mountain, about 300 m. due W. from the city of Mexico, upon the banks of a small river, about 30 m. above its en trance into the Pacific ocean, in the Lat. of 18 40' N. The intervening country be tween the town and the sea is very fertile. Population of the town, about 2,500. COLLETON, district S. C., bounded by the Atlantic Ocean and Charleston district SE. Beaufort SW. Barnwell and Orangeburgh NW. and part of Charleston NE. length 57 m. mean width 30. Staples, rice, cotton, and tobacco. Chief town, Walterborough. Pop. in 1830, 27,256, and in 1840, 25,548. COLLINSVILLE, v. Milford ts. Butler co. O., 10 m. N. from Hamilton. COLLINSVILLE, v. W. Turin ts. Lewis co. N. Y., about 15 m. SW. from Martins- ville, and 130 NW. from Albany, and con tains 1 church, 1 tavern, 1 store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. COLLINSVILLE, v. S. part of Madison co. II., 67 m. from Vandalia. It contains a store, a large mill for grinding and sawing, and several mechanics, a meeting-house and a Presbyterian church of 50 members, a large sabbath school, and a body of sober industrious citizens. COLLINSVILLE, v. on Farmington r. in the S. part of Canton, Ct. COLOSSE, v. Mexico ts. Oswego co. N. V., 10 m. S. from Pulaski, and 160 m. from Albany. It contains 1 Baptist church. 2 stores, 1 tavern, and 20 or 25 dwell ings. COLT'S NECK, v. Shrewsbury ts. Mon- mouth co. N. J., 6 m. NE. from Freehold, 41 m. from Trenton, and 206 from W. C. It contains about 20 dwellings, 1 tavern, 2 stores, 3 grist and 2 saw-mills, and is a place of considerable business. 262 COL COLORADO, or Riiriere Rouge, r. La., which runs into the Gulf of Mexico, 50 m. below New Orleans. COLUMBIA, co. N. Y., bounded N. by Rensselaer co. E. by Massachusetts, S. by Dutchess co. and W. by the Hudson. Pop. in 1830, 39,952, and in 1840, 43,252. Chief town, Hudson. COLUMBIA, co. N. part of Georgia. Pop. in 1830, 12,606, and in 1840, 11,356, bounded N. by Lincoln and Wilkes, E. by the Savannah river, S. by Richmond, and W. by Warren cos. Chief town, Appling- ville. COLUMBIA, District of, see page 149. COLUMBIA, ts. Coos co. N. H., on E. side of the Connecticut, 30 m. N. from Lan caster, 570 from W. C., 147 N. from Con cord. There are several small ponds in this ts. On the borders of one called Lime- pond, vast quantities of shell fish are found. Pop. 620. COLUMBIA, ts. Washington co. Maine, on Pleasant river, 15 m. SW. from Machias, 332 NE. from Boston, 757 from W. C. COLUMBIA, ts. Tolland co. Ct., 9 m. W. from Windham, 354 from W. C., and 22 E. from Hartford. It is watered by a branch of the Willimantic r. and has a sat inet factory and other operations by wa ter. Pop. 842. COLUMBIA VILLE, v. St. Lawrens co. N. Y., on the Grasse river, 11 m. NE. from Canton, and 22 E. from Ogdensburg, contains 2 churches, and 1 grist, and^l saw mill, clothing works, &c. COLUMBIA, t. Sussex co. N. J., on E. side of the Delaware, 20 m. above Easton. COLUMBIA, co. Pa., formed from a part of Northumberland co. Chief town, Danville. Pop. in 1830, 20,049, and in 1840, 24,267, bounded N. by Lycoming, E. by Luzerne, N. and W. by Northumberland cos. COLUMBIA, t. Lancaster co. Pa., on E. side of the Susquehannah ; 10 m. W. from Lancaster, 12 E/from York, 72 W. from Philadelphia, 98 from W. C. It is a pleas ant and nourishing town, and has considera ble trade, chiefly in lumber. It contains a bank, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for English Presbyterians, 1 for German Pres byterians, and 1 for Methodists. A large proportion of the houses are handsomely built of brick. Here is erected across the Susquehannah an excellent covered bridge, 1} mile in length, which cost 230,- 000 dollars. Pop. 2,500. COLUMBIA, t. Fluvanna co. Va., on N. side of James river, at the junction of the Rivanna ; 55 m. WNW. from Richmond, 151 m. from W. C. It has considerable trade in tobacco. COLUMBIA, pts. and v. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the Ohio, at the conflux of the Little Miami ; 5 m. E. from Cincinnati, 507 from W. C. COLUMBIA, v. and cap. Tyrrel co. N. C., 170 m. from Raleigh, and 322 from W. C., contains a court-house, jail, 3 taverns, several stores and mechanic shops. COLUMBIA, t. Richland district, S. C. It is also the capital of the state, on the left bank of the Congaree, immediately below the confluence of Broad and Saluda rivers. It is regularly laid out, upon ground con siderably elevated above the neighboring streams. Boats of large draught ascend thus high. Besides the ordinary buildings, suitable to legislative and judicial proceed ings, and for religious purposes, a college, under the title of" the S. C. College," was established in this town in 1801, under the direct patronage of the state. It has 9 in structors, and above ICO students, with an excellent library, exceeding 6,000 volumes. It is indeed one of the most flourishing insti tutions in the United States ; SW. from the Potomac. COLUMBIA, or Oregon river, one of the largest rivers in N. America, which waters the new territory of Oregon. It rises in the Rocky mountains, about Lat. 55 N. and running SW. falls into the Pacific ocean, in Lat. 46 15' N. between Cape Disappoint ment on the N. and Point Adams on the S. The whole length of the river is estimated at 1,500 m. Its principal branches are the Wallaumut, Lewis r. and Clarke's r., all of which empty on the SE. side : the first 125 m. from its mouth, the second 413, and the third about 600. Vessels of 300 tons may ascend the Columbia, as far as the mouth of the Wallaumut. The tide flows up 183 m. and large sloops may ascend this dis tance. Seven miles further up the naviga tion is interrupted by the great rapids. Above the rapids the river is navigable for 65 miles, till it is interrupted by the long narrows, and 6 miles further up by the falls. Above the falls there are no obstructions for 150 miles, to the mouth of Lewis river. The portages around the great rapids, long nar rows, and falls, are in all 5 miles. COLUMBIANA, t. of Columbiana co. Ohio, on the waters of Great Beaver, 10 m. NNE. from New Lisbon, 160 m. from Co lumbus. It contains about 50 dwellings, 21 mechanic shops, 5 stores, 2 taverns, 1 tem perance inn, 2 public schools, and 3 houses of public worship, and is a place of consid erable business. COLUMBIANA, co. Ohio, bounded by Pa. E. by Jefferson and Harrison S. Stark W. and Portage and Trumbull N. ; length 30 m., breadth 30. Surface extremely bro ken and hilly, though the soil is in most parts fertile. This county abounds in iron ore and mineral coal, and wilh excellent mill streams. Chief town, New Lisbon. Pop. in 1830, 35.508; and in 1840, 40,378. COLUMBIA, t. and cap. Henry co. Al., 260 m. SE. from Tuscaloosa, 872 from W. C., contains the usual county buildings, sev eral stores and taverns. COLUMBIA, t. and cap. Boone co. Miso., 992 m. W. of W. C., and 57 N. from Jeffer son city. COL 263 COLUMBIA, v. and seat of justice of Chicot co. Ar., on the Miss, river, is a place of considerable business. COLUMBIA, v. and seat of justice of Adams co. Ken., 91 m. from Frankfort, and 622 from W. C. Pop. 486. COLUMBIA, t. and cap. Marion co. Miss., 100 m. N. from N. Orleans. COLUMBIA, t. and cap. Maury co. Ten., 42 m. SSW. from Nashville. COLUMBIA, v. W. part of Hancock co. Ind., 10 m. W. from Greenfield. COLUMBIA, v. Fayette co. Ind., SW. from Connersville. COLUMBIA, v. N. part of Gibson co. Ind., on the Patoka river, 5 m. N. from Princeton. COLUMBIA, v. Thompson ts. Delaware co. O., on the Scioto river, and is surrounded by an extensive body of excellent land. COLUMBIA, v. Tippecanoe co. Ind., 12 m. S. from Lafayette. COLUMBIA, co. Florida, bounded N. by Hamilton and the state of Georgia, E. by St. Mary's river, separating it from Duval co., S. by Alachua, and W. by the Suwanee river separating it from Madison county. Pop. 2,102. COLUMBIA, t. Texas, on the Brazos river, above Brazoria. COLUMBIA, v. Fallowfield ts. Washing ton co. Pa., 16 m. E. from W. C. COLUMBIA, v. Hopewell ts. Hunterdon co. N. J., 17 m. N. from Trenton, 10 m. SE. from Flemington, 19 m. W. from N. Brun swick, on the turnpike road leading from N. Brunswick to Lambertville, and contains 1 Baptist church, 1 store, and 10 or 12 dwell ings. COLUMBIAVILLE, a manufacturing v. Columbia co. N. Y., on Kinderhook creek, 6 m. N. from Hudson, on Factory creek, three-fourths of a mile from its mouth, to which point small vessels ascend with the tide ; the fall used here is 9 feet, on which are 2 cotton factories, having together 5,208 spindles, and 180 power looms engaged wholly upon cloths, producing more than 600,000 yards per annum. COLUMBIAVILLE, v. E. part of Martin co. Ind., 12 m. ESE. from Mt. Pleasant. COLUMBUS, v. Randolph co. II., 18 m. NE. from Kaskaskia. It contains an aca demy, a congregation of reformed Presby terians, and an industrious and large settle ment. COLUMBUS, city and political metropolis of Ohio, and very nearly the geographical centre of it. It is situated on the east bank of the Scioto river, in the centre of Franklin county, and occupies a beautiful slope, just below the confluence of Whetstone river with the Scioto. It was a compact forest in 1812. It now has a number of respectable schools, a classical seminary, the customary number of stores, a bank, four printing- offices, a commodious brick market-house, a state-house, a building for the public offices, a penitentiary, and an asylum for the deaf and dumb. The state-house is 75 by 50 feet. The top of the cupola is 106 feet high. Around it are railed walks, from which the whole town is visible as from a map. It commands a delightful landscape over a country charmingly variegated, as ex- tensive as the eye can reach. The village of Franklinton, a mile to the west, and the winding Scioto, are comprehended in this view. The building, that contains the pub lic offices, is 100 by 25 feet. In a line with it and the state-house, is the handsome court house for the Federal court. These build ings are all on the public square, an area of 10 acres, reserved for public use, in the centre of the town. The penitentiary is on the east bank of the Scioto river, about half a mile north of Broad street, facing the south. It -is a splendid building of hewn lime-stone ; the centre is 56 feet long, 4 stories, the 2 wings, each 200 feet long, and 3 stories high. A lateral canal connects this town with the Ohio and Erie canal 11 miles south. This will greatly add to the resources of the town. There are 5 churches, of which the Presbyterian church is spacious, being 50 by 80 feet. Manufactures have commenced, and its relations to the canal will give a new impetus to their growth. The circumstance of its being the political metropolis of its great state, attaches to it a distinguished and polite society. It is a striking example of the creation, no longer uncommon in the western country, of a towj^ that has grown to importance in a few yearf from the solid forest. It is in N. Lat. 39 57' and 6 W. Lon. from W. C. It is 396 from Washington, 551 from New York, 477 from Philadelphia, 575 from Boston, 429 from Baltimore, 991 from New Orleans, 397 from Nashville, 112 from Cincinnati, and 45 above Chillicothe. Pop. in 1820, 1,400, in 1830, 2,439, and in 1840, 6,048. COLUMBUS, v. near the centre of Adams co. II., and contains about 50 families. COLUMBUS, v. Van Buren co. Iowa. COLUMBUS, v. Mansfield t. Burlington co. N. J., 5 m. SE. from Bordentown, 13 from Trenton, and 163 from W. C., contains a tavern, store, and about 30 dwellings, surrounded by a fertile country. COLUMBUS, t. and cap. Muscosree co. Geo., 123 m. SW. by W. from Milledgo ville. COLUMBUS, t. and cap. Lowndes co. Miss., on the Tombigbee river, 134 m. from Jackson, and 900 from W. C. COLUMBUS, v. M'Minn co. Ten., 153 m. SE. from Nashville. COLUMBUS, t. Hickman co. Ken., on the Mississippi, 277 m. SW. of Frankfort. COLUMBUS, t. and cap. Bartholomew co. Ind., 41 m. SE. from Indianapolis. COLUMBUS, pts. Chenanra co. N. Y., 83 m. from Albany, 6 m. NE. from Norwich. The village contains 1 church, 2 stores, 2 taverns, and about 20 dwellings. COLUMBUS, co. N. C. Chief town, 264 COM- CON Whitesvffle, bounded N. by Bladen, E. by Brunswick co., S. by S. C., and W. by Robeson co. Pop. in 1830, 4,140, and in 1840, 3,490. COMBAHEE, r. S. C., runs into St. Helena sound. COMBAHEE FERRY, on the Combahee r., is 17 m. from Jacksonborough, 15 from Pocataligo. COMFORT, v. Jones co. N. C., 152 m. SE. from Raleish. COMMERCE, v. Wilson co. Ten., 43 m. E. of Nashville. COMMERCE, t. Hancock co. II., on the Mississippi, 16 m. NW. from Carthage, at the head of Lower rapids. It has 2 'stores, 1 grocery, and about 15 families. COMMERCE, v. Scott co. Miso., on the Mississippi, 12 m. W. from Unity, Ind. COMPETITION, v. and seat of justice for Pittsylvania co. Va., near the centre of the county, 167 m. SW. by W. from Rich mond. COMSTOCK'S LANDING, v. Fort Ann t. Washington co. N. Y., on the Champlaia canal, 4 m. N. from Ft. Ann, and 4 from Sandy Hill, is a place of much business, concentrating the trade of Granville, con taining a store, a tavern, several warehouses, and 10 or 12 dwellings. COMITE, r., Mississippi, joins the Amite, 12 m. E. Baton Rouge. COMMISSIONER'S CREEK, Geo., runs into the Oconee, 20 or 30 m. below Mil- ledgeville. COMMUNIPAW, v. Bergen co. W J., on N. York bay, 2 m. SW. from Paulus- Hook, and 2 m. S. from Jersey city, contains about 20 dwellings. CONAQUENESING CREEK, Pa., joins the Mahoning 12 m. above its mouth. CONCHACHITOU, t. Mississippi, on the Pascagoula. Long. 88 43' W. Lat. 32 15' N. CONCORD, ts. Merrimack co. N. H., and capital of the state, stands on the Mer rimack, 42 m. WNW. from Portsmouth, 62 NNW. from Boston, and 474 NE. by E. from W. C. Long. 71 30' W. Lat. 43 12' N. The village is built principally on two streets on the W. bank of the river, and contains a state-house, state-prison, and 5 commodious and handsome structures for public worship. The state-house occupies a beautiful site in the centre of the village, and is constructed of hewn granite. It is 126 feet in length, 49 in width, 50 feet of the centre of the building having a projec tion of 4 feet on each front. The cost of the building and appendages, $80,000. The state-prison is also of solid granite. In 1823 the courts were removed from Ports mouth, and are now held in this town. By means of Merrimack river there is a boat communication between Concord and Bos ton. Much of the trade of the upper coun try centres here. Pop. of the ts. 4,897. CONCORD, ts. Essex co. Vt., on Con necticut r. 38 m. ENE. from Montpelier, and 18 SW. from Guildhall. Moose river, a branch of the Passumsic, waters the N. part of this ts. Hall's and Mill ponds are beautiful sheets of water, and afford a va riety offish. Pop. 1,024. CONCORD, r. Mass., formed by two branches, which unite at Concord, whence it flows NE. and N. with a gentle current, through Bedford and Billerica, and joins the Merrimack in Tewkesbury. Middlesex canal is supplied with water from this river. CONCORD, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., on Concord river, 18 m. NW. from Boston, 30 ENE. from Worcester. The courts of the county are held alternately here and at Cambridge. The public buildings are a court-house and spacious stone jail, and a Congregational church. Here are 3 bridges across the river. In this town the Provin cial Congress met in 1774; and here the first opposition was made to the British troops, on the 19th of April, 1775. Pop. 1 784. ' CONCORD, ts. Erie co. N. Y., S. of Buffalo 28 m., from Albany 282 m., contains the villasre of Springfield, which is a flour ishing place. Pop. 3,021. CONCORD, v. Franklin co. Pa., 54 m. from Harrisburg, and 120 from W. C., in the north extremity of the county, contains 15 or 20 dwellings. CONCORD, Is. Somerset co. Me., 55 m. from Augusta, and 20 from Norridgewock, on the W. side of the Kennebeck river. CONCORD, v. Porter ts. Scioto co. O., and contains 15 or 20 dwellings. CONCORD, v. Iroquois co. II., on the Iroquois river, opposite Iroquois town, con tains a steam saw and grist-mill. CONCORD, v. White co. II., between the Little and Big Wabash, below Big prairie. CONCORD, t. capital of Cabarrus co. N. C., on Rocky river, 20 m. SW. from Salisbury, 100 m. from Raleigh, and 400 from W. C. CONCORD, v. and settlement, chiefly of friends, in Colerain ts. Belmont co. O. CONCORD, t. Washington co. Missouri. CONCORDIA, parish of La., on the W. side of the Mississippi ; bounded by the Mis. river E. and SE. by Red, Black, and Tensau rivers SW. and W. and by Washi- tan N. ; length 1 12 m. mean width, 15. Pop. in 1830, 4,662, and in 1840, 9,414. Con- cordia is the capital. CONCORDIA, t. and cap. Concordia co. La., on the Mississippi, opposite Natchez, 280m. from New Orleans, and 1,147 from W. C. It contains a court-house, jail, seve ral stores and public houses, and is a place of considerable trade. CONECOCHEAGUE, r. rises near Mer- cersburg, Pa., and runs into the Potomac at Williamsport, Md., 8 m. S. of the Pa. line. CONECUH, co. Ala., bounded by Florida S. Monroe W. and NW. Butler N. and Co- vington E. Chief town, Sparta. N. Lat. 31 15'. CON 265 CONECUH, r. Ala., receives the Es- cambia, and runs into the St. Maria de Gal- vez, an arm of Pensacola bay. It is navi gable 200 miles. CONEDOGWTNIT CREEK, Pa. runs E. into the Susquehannah, a little above Har- risburs. CONEMAUGH CREEK, Pa., rises in the Alleghany mountains, and runs into the Allegheny, 29 m. NE. from Pittsburg. At Chestnut ridge it takes the name of Kiske- manitas. Conemaugk salt-works are situated in Westmoreland and Indiana counties, on both banks of this creek, 1 m. above its con fluence with the Loyalhannon, and 15 NE. from Greensburg. CONESTOGA, small river of Lancaster co. Pa., rising on the borders of Chester, Berks, and Lebanon cos. and flowing SE. through the centre of Lancaster co. falls into the Susquehannah river, about 10 m. below Columbia, and an equal distance SE. from the city of Lancaster. It flows through one of the most productive parts of the state. CONEWAGO, creek of Pa., separating Lancaster and Dauphin counties, and falling into the Susquehannah r. 4 m. below Mid dle town. CONEWAGO, a much more considerable stream than the preceding, rising in Adams co. Pa., and flowing NE. into York, over which it passes to the Susquehannah, into which it falls 5 m. below Middletown. CONEWANGO CREEK, or small river of N. Y. and Pa. It is formed by the out let of Chatauque lake, and other large creeks, from Chatauque and Cattaraugus counties, N. Y. These unite and turning S. enter Warren co. Pa., falling into Alleghany r. at the village of Warren. CONNEAUT, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on lake Erie, at the mouth of Conneaut creek, near Penn. line. This is one of the several towns on lake Erie which have grown to importance within a few years, and now commands an extensive trade. It contains more than 30 mercantile houses, 10 or 12 taverns, several churches, a bank, a flourish ing academy, 5 or 6 flouring mills, an exten sive steam saw-mill, connected with a ship yard, an extensive iron foundery, and various mechanic shops. Its exports are very ex tensive, consisting of lumber, grain, pork, beef, flour, &c. The number of arrivals annually is 275 vessels, and 760 steamboats ; departures the same. The harbor is one of the best on the lake. Pop. about 2,000. CONNEAUT, v. Conneaut ts. Crawford co. Pa., on Conneaut lake. CONNEAUTVILLE, v. Beaver ts. Craw- ford co. Pa., 14 m. NW. from Meadville. CONNECTICUT, the great river of New England. It has its source on the N. border of N. H., and separates New Hampshire from Vermont, passes through Massachu setts and Connecticut, and flows into Long Island Sound between Saybrook and Lime. Its general course is S. by'W. till it reaches II Middletown, Ct., after which it has a SSE. course to its mouth. Its whole length is 410 miles. It is navigable for vessels drawing 10 feet of water to Middletown, 36 miles, for those drawing 8 feet to Hartford, 50 m. ; and by means of locks and canals, it has been rendered navigable to the Fifteen Mile falls, Bath, N. H., 250 miles above Hartford. The boats which navigate the river carry from 12 to 20 tons in descending, and about two-thirds as much in returning. The falls on this river, which have been remedied by artificial means, are at Enfield, Ct., the Willimantic, South Hadley, Montague, Wai- pole, Plainfield, and Lebanon. Of these, Bellows !*alls, at Wai pole, are the most re markable. The perpendicular fall in the river, which has been overcome by means of locks and dams, between Springfield, Mass., and Hanover, N. H., a distance of 130 m., is 200 feet. The Connecticut flows through a fine country. The land bordering upon it is generally of an excellent quality, and there are upon its banks many beautiful and flour- ishing towns, among which are Haverhill, Hanover, Charleston, and Walpole, :V. H. ; Newbury,Windsor, and Brattleborough, Vt. ; Greenfield, Hadley, Northampton, and Spring field, Mass. ; Hartford, Middletown, &c., Ct. CONNECTICUT FARMS, v. Essex cc . N, J., 4 m. NW. from Elizabethtown. CONNECTICUT, lake, in N. part of N, H. It is the source of the principal branch of the river Connecticut ; 5 m. long and 2| brpad. Lat. 45 2' N. CONNECTICUT RESERVE, or New Connecticut, the NE. part of the state of Ohio. The extent is 120 m. from E. to W. and 52 from N. to S. It contains 4,000,000 of acres ; comprises 7 counties, Ashtabula, Trumbull, Portage, Geauga, Cuyahoga, Me dina, and Huron ; and is settled principally by emigrants from the states of Massachu setts and Connecticut. CONNELLSVILLE, bor. Fayette co. Pa., on N. side of the Youghiogeny ; 225 m. from Philadelphia, 200 from W. C., 173 from Harrisburg. It has a pleasant and elevated situation, and commands a handsome pros pect. In the neighborhood of the town there are several merchant mills, furnaces, forges, and many other mills. The river is navigable to this town. CONNELSVILLE, v. Boone co. Ken., 86 m. N, of Frankfort, and 636 miles from W. C. CONNERSVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Fayette co. In., on White Water river, 65 m. SE. by E. from Indianapolis. Lat. 39 38' N., 527 m. from W. C., contains the usual county buildings, 2 churches, several stores and mechanic shops, and is a place of considerable trade. CONNOWINGO, v. near Connowingo Falls in Susquehannah, N W. angle of Cecil co. Md., 18 m. NW. by W. from Elkton, and 35 NE. from Baltimore. CONOCOCHEAGUE, r. Pa., which is formed by two branches, one of which, the 266 CON COO east branch, rises in N. side of South Moun tain in Adams co. the other, the W. branch, rises in N. side of North Mountain, in Franklin co. They unite 3 m. N. of Mary land line, and the river passes through that state, and falls into the Potomac at Wil- liamsport. CONOLOWAY CKEEK, r. Pa., which runs into the Potomac near Hancock's Town, in Maryland. CONSHEHOKEN", v. Plymouth ts. Mont gomery co. Pa., on the Schuylkill. CONSTABLE, ts. and v. Franklin co. N. Y., on Canada line ; 14 m. NW. from Malone, 235 NNW. from Albany, 605 from W. C. The village on Trout river, has a free church, 2 saw-mills, and about 40 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,122. CONSTABLEVILLE, v. W. Turin ts. Lewis co. N. Y. CONSTANTIA, ts. and v. Oswego co. N. Y., on N. side of Oneida lake ; 439 m. from W. C. Large quantities of iron ore are found here, and are worked at Constantia furnace. The village on the Oneida lake, 28 m. W. from Rome, contains the foundery and works of the American Iron Company, one of the most extensive establishments of the kind in the state, a grist-mill, several saw-mills, and 35 or 40 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,476. CONSTANTIA, v. Acadia district, La., 1,315m. from W. C. CONSTANTINE, v. St. Joseph co. Mich., on the St. Joseph river, at the mouth of Fawn river. CONTOOCOOK, r. N. H., which rises in Jaftrey and Rindge, and runs NE. into the Merrimack. CONWAY, ts. Carroll co. N-. H., watered by the Saco ; 75 m. N. from Portsmouth, 555 from W. C., 72 from Concord. There is a detached block of granite on the southern side of Pine Hill, the largest, perhaps, in the state. Pop. 1,801. CONWAY, ts. Franklin co. Mass., 6 m. SW. from Greenfield, 100 W. from Boston, 403 from W. C. Its manufactures, consisting of cotton and woollen goods, leather, boots, shoes, hats, chairs and cabinet-ware, amount annually to upwards of $20,000. Popula tion, 1,409. CONWAY, t. of Sudbury co. N. Bruns wick, on the right bank of St. John's river, and near the Bay of Fundy. CONWAY, co. Arkansas, bounded N. by Izard and Independence, SE. by Pulaski, S. by Hot Spring, and W. by Pope. Lewis- burg is the capital. Pop. 2,892. CON WAY BOROUGH, v. on Waccamaw river, Horry district, S. C., 100 m. NE. from Charleston. Lat. 33 46' N. CONWAYBOROUGH, t. Georgetown district, S. C., 462 m. from W. C. CONYNGHAM, v. Luzerne co. Pa., in Nescopeck Valley, upon the turnpike, lead ing from Berwick to Mauch Chunk. It is 12 m. from the Susquehannah at Berwick, and 18 m. from Lehigh, at Lausanne. It is built upon one street, at the foot of the Buck Mountain. COOLIDGE LANDING, v. Md., on the Patuxent, 28 m. SSW. from Annapolis. COOKSVILLE, v. Ann Arundel co. Md., 53 m. from Annapolis, and 61 from W. C. COOLVILLE, v. Athens co. Ohio, 96 m. SE. from Columbus, 24 SE. from Athens, and 330 from W. C., contains a large and commodious school-house, 2 warehouses, several stores, and about 130 inhabitants. COOK, co. Illinois, bounded N. by Mc- Henry, E. by lake Michigan and Indiana state, S, by Will, and W. by Dekalb. It is watered by the Des Planes, Calumet, and Chicago rivers, and embraces a tract of country tolerably level, of a rich soil, with large prairies, and the timber mostly in groves. Chicago is the capital. Pop. in 1835, 9,836, and in 1840, 10,201. COOK'S RIVER, large r. of N. America, which flows into the N. Pacific ocean. It was discovered in 1778, by Capt. Cook, who left a blank for its name, which was filled up by the Earl of Sandwich. This river was traced as high as Lat 61 30' N. which is above 70 leagues from its mouth, in Lon. 152 W. COOKSTOWN, v. on the right bank of the Monons:ahela river, in the NW. angle of Fayette co. Pa., 23 m. SSE. from Pitts- burg, 190 m. from Harrisburg, and 214 from W. C. ' COOKE'S SETTLEMENT, Miso., on the road from St. Louis to Arkansas and Red rivers, 30 m. from St. Genevieve, 8 from Murphy's Settlement. COONSVILLE, v. Manchester ts. Ontario co. N. Y., 9 m. NE. from Canandaigua, contains a grist and saw-mill, carding and cloth dressing factory, and about 25 dwell ings. COOPERSTOWN, v. Venango co. Pa., 70 m. N. from Pittsburg. COOPERSTOWN, v. Willingborough ts. Burlington co. N. J., 3 m. SW. from Bur lington, 7 m. NW. from Mount Holly, con tains a tavern, store, and 10 or 12 dwell ings. COOPER, ts. Washington co. Me., 164 m. NE. from Augusta, and about 36 N. from Machias, and is watered by Denny's river. Pop. 657. COOPER, r. S. C., passes along the E. side of the city of Charleston, and meets the Ashley, in Charleston harbor. A canal connects it with the Santee, and opens a navigable communication between Charles ton and the interior country. COOPER, co. Miso., between Osage and Missouri rivers. Surface of the country diversified, with considerable prairie : the alluvial soil of the rivers is of first-rate quality. Chief town, Boonville. Pop. 10,484. COOPER'S TOWN, v. and seat of just ice, Otsego co. N. Y., on Otsego lake, W. side of its outlet into Susquehannah river. COO COR 267 The situation of Cooper's Town is in a high degree picturesque, the lake spreads to the N. between hills, which rise on both sides to a considerable elevation, clothed with timber to their summits. The village is compactly built on uneven ground, on the W. or right side of the outlet ; 66 m. W. from Albany, 45 SE. from Utica. Lat. 42 42' N. Lon. 2 5' E. from W. C., containing 5 churches, a bank with a capital of $100,- 000, 7 taverns, including 2 large and com modious hotels, about 250 dwellings. Here is a large book and printing establishment. COOPERSTOWN, v. Harford co. Md., 12 m. NW. from Harford, 24 NE. from Baltimore;, 54 m. from Annapolis, and 62 m. from W. C. COOS, northern co. of N. H., bounded by Connecticut river NW. by L. Canada N. by Maine E. by Strafford co. N. H., S., and by Grafton SW. Length 84 m. mean width 20. The highest mountains in the U. States are in this co., the White Hills rising to 7,300 feet above the level of the ocean. Much of the soil is productive in grain and pasturage. Chief town, Lancaster. Pop. in 1830, 8,390, and in 1840, 9,849. COOS A, co. Al., bounded N. by Talladega, E. by Tallapoosa, S. by Montgomery, and W. by Coosa river. Chief town, Rockford. Pop. 6,995. COOSANDA, v. Autauga co. Al., 110 m. from Tuscaloosa, and 869 from W. C., a small vicinage of about 20 houses. COOSA RIVER, the NW. branch of the Alabama, rises in the NW. part of Georgia, flowing SW. about 100 m. enters Alabama, and gradually turns to a S. course, in which direction it continues 200 m. to its junction with the Tallapoosa. It is boatable gene rally to Weetumka falls, 7 m. above its mouth, and at high water, to the junction of Etowlahand Oostenalah rivers in Georgia. COOSAWATCHY, r. S. C., falls into Port Royal Sound. COOSAWATCHY, t. and seat of justice, Beaufort co. S. C., lying on the Coosa- hatchie r., about 75 m. SW. by W. from Charleston, 147 m. S. of Columbia, and 613 from W. C., contains a court-house, jail, several stores and mechanic shops, and is a place of some considerable trade. COOSAWDA, v. Autauga co. Ala., on the right bank of Alabama river, 6 m. below the junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers, and about 60 m. NE. by E. from Cahawba. COOTSTOWN, a well-built v. of Berks co. Pa., on a branch of Maiden creek, and on the road from Reading to Allentown, 17 m. from each. COPANO, t- Texas, on the N. side of Aransaso bay, SE. from Goliad. COPELAND, v. Telfair co. Geo., 77 m. S. from Milledgeville, 742 m. from W. C. COPENHAGEN, v. Lewis co. N. Y., near Black river, 12 m. from Martinsburg, contains several churches, stores, taverns, an academy, and 25 or 30 dwellings. COPLEY, pts. Medina co. Ohio, con tains 5 saw-mills, 3 flouring mills, 2 carding machines, other mills and manufactures, and about 1,000 inhabitants. COPPER RIVER, NW. Territory, after a course of 300 m. joins the Chippeway, 30 m. above its mouth. COPIAH, co. Miss., bounded N. by Hinds, E. by Simpson, or Pearl r., S. by Lawrence, and W. by Jefferson and Clai- borne. Capital, Gallatin. Pop. in 1830, 7,000, and in 1840, 8,945. CORBEAU, r. Miso. Ter., the largest tributary to the Mississippi above the St. Peters, Its southern branch rises near the sources of the St. Peters and receives the NW. branch called the Pemmisco, whose head waters are near those of Red river. The united stream then flows 180 m. and joins the Mississippi in Lat. 45 49' 50" N. CORBEAU, v. Champlain t. Clinton co. N. Y., on the Chazy river, at the mouth of the Corbeau, 18 m. N. from Plattsburg, has a Roman Catholic church, a grist and saw mill, and about 20 dwellings. CORE SOUND, on the coast of North Carolina, 20 m. long. Lon. 77 5' W. Lat. 34 38' N. It communicates with Pamlico Sound on the N. ; Beaufort Inlet leads into it on the S. CORINTH, t. Penobscot co. Me., at the fork of the roads, 18 m. NW. from Bangor. It is a fine flourishing town. Pop. 1,318. CORINTH, t. Orange co. Vt., 41 m. from Windsor, 20 m. SE. from Monlpelier. It has some water power, and keeps about 7,000 sheep. Pop. 1,970. CORINTH, ts. and v. Saratoga co. N. Y., 18 m. NE. from Balston-Spa. At this vil lage there is much business done in the lumber trade, and it contains 20 or 25 dwellings. Pop. ts. 1,365. CORNELIA, v. Clayton t. Jefferson co. N. Y., on the St. Lawrence, 26 m. N. by W. from Watertown. CORNERSBURG, v. on the corners of four townships in Trumbull co. Ohio, 4 m. from Canfield, contains about 20 dwell ings. CORNISH, ts. York co. Me., on Saco river, 50 m. from N. York, 83 SW. from Augusta, 32 W. by N. from Portland, and 25 N. from Alfred. Pop. 1,263. CORNISH, ts. Sullivan co. N. H., on Connecticut river, 16 m. S. from Dartmouth College, 50 NW. from Concord, 12 N. from Newport, is watered by Blow-me-down and Bryants brooks, which afford good mill privileges, which are improved for a wool len factory, a large number of saw and other mills. Pop. 4,726. CORNVILLE, ts. Somerset co. Me., 11 in. ENE. from Norridgewock, 44 N. from Hallowell, Wesserunset river runs through the centre of the town, and several mills are erected on it. Pop. 1,144. CORNWALL, ts. Addison co. Vt., on Otter creek, 36 m. S. from Burlington, 60 SW. from Montpelier; very beautiful cal- 268 COR COV careous spar, in rhomboidal crystals, is found here. Pop. 1,164. CORNWALL, t. TJ. C. co. of Stormont, on the left bank of the St. Lawrence, be tween Osnaburg and Charlottenburg. CORNWALL, ts. Litchfield co. Ct., on the E. side of Housatonic river, 10 m. NW. from Litchfield, 38 m. W. from Hart ford, 48 N. from New Haven, contains a very pleasant village of about 20 houses. There is a Foreign Mission School in this place, under the direction of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis sions, established in 1817, for the purpose of educating heathen youth from various parts of the world. After they have re ceived their education, they are sent home to instruct their own countrymen. In 1822 the number of pupils was 29. Pop. 1,703. CORNWALL, ts. and v. Orange co. N. Y., on the Hudson, below Newburgh, 52 m. N. from New York, and 98 S. from Albany. Upon the S. of West Point, is Buttermilk creek, which pours its waters by a beautiful cascade into the Hudson, giving motion to several valuable mills. The village, 4 m. S. from Newburgh, contains stores, taverns, and 15 or 20 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 3,925. In this town is West Point. CORNWALL BRIDGE, v. Litchfield co. Con. CORINNA, ts. Somerset co. Maine, 53 m. WNW. from Augusta, and about 35 NW. from Norridgewock. It is a fine agri cultural ts. and raises great crops of wheat. Pop. 1,704. CORRYSTOWN, v. in Charleston, Mont gomery co. N. Y. CORNWALLIS, t. of Nova Scotia, on the W. coast ; 45 m. NW. from Halifax. CORNWALLIS, a co. of L. Canada, ex tending for about 160 m, along the SE. bank of the great river St. Lawrence, bounded on the NE. by the district of Gaspe. It is at present but thinly inhabited. CORNWALLIS POINT, cape of North America. Lon. 57 W. from W.C. Lat. 57 N. CORTLANDT, ts. Westchester co. N. Y., on the Hudson; 40 m. N. from New York. In this town is the village of Peek- skill. From its vicinity to the great com mercial metropolis, it has been well settled and highly improved. Pop. 5,592. CORTLANDT, co. of N. Y., on the heads of the Toniogo river, branch of Che- nango, bounded by Tompkins and Cayuga W. Onondaga N. Madison NE. Chenango E. and Broome S. Length 25, mean width 20 m. Chief town, Homer. Pop. in 1830, 23,791, in 1840, 24,607. CORTLANDT, ts. and v. Cortlandt co. N. Y.,'142 m. from Albany, 311 from W. C., contains a number of beautiful villages. Cortlandt village and capital of the county, contains the court-house, jail, a number of churches, a seminary for young ladies, 2 printing establishments, and 180 dwellings, most of them very neat. Population of town ship, 3,799. CORYDON, t. Harrison co. In., on Indian creek, 15 m. above its entrance into the Ohio, 8 m. E. from Blue river, 25 SW. from Louisville, 666 from W. C. Lat. 38 15' N. Lon. 9 2' W, from W. C. It was com menced in 1809, is the seat of justice of the county, and contains a court-house and jail, 2 churches, various mechanic shops and stores. North of the town is an extensive region of barrens. Two newspapers are published here. CORUNNA, v. and cap. of Shiawassee co. Michigan. COSHECTON, ts. and v. Sullivan co. N. Y., on the Delaware, 60 m. W. from New- bury, 118 from N. Y., and 130 from Albany. The village contains a tavern, 2 stores, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 622. COSHOCTON, co. Ohio, bounded by Muskingum S. Licking SW. Knox W. Wayne N. Tuscarawas E. and Guernsey SE. Length 30 m., mean width 30. Sur face hilly, and soil varied. Chief town, Coshocton. Pop. in 1830, 11,161, in 1840, 21,590. COSHOCTON, t. and seat of justice, Co shocton co. Ohio, on the E. side of Musk ingum river, opposite to the mouth of W T hite Woman's river. Lat. 40 17' N. Lon. 4 55' W. from W. C. Distance 24 m. NW. from Cambridge, 35 m. NE. from Newark, and 68 NE. from Columbus. It is rapidly in creasing, and contains a brick court-house, jail, 5 or 6 mercantile stores, a arge steam mill with 4 run of burs, and 2 saws, &c. &c. Pop. 625. COSSITAT, v. Hempstead co. Arkan sas, 1,234 m. from W. C., and 166 SW. by W. from Little Rock. COSTON'S INLET, channel between two small islands of N. Jersey. Lon. 74 36' W. Lat. 39 14' N. COTE ISLE, v. Rapide parish, Louisiana. COTOCTIN, v. Frederick co. Md., 46m NW. from W. C. COTREVILLE, v. St. Clair co. Mich., on the St. Clair river. Pop. 230. COTTON-GIN-PORT, Monroe, Ala., on the Tombigbee, at the head of navigation ; 60 m. S. by W. from Florence. COTTON GROVE, v. Madison co. Ten., 163 m. SW. from Nashville. COTTON PORT, t. Limestone co. Ala., on the Limestone, 1 m. above its entrance into the Tennessee, about 100 from the falls of the Black Warrior. The river is naviga ble to this place for keel and flat-bottomed boats at all seasons. The town was laid out in 1818. COTTONVILLE, v. in the S. part of Lawrence co. Miss., 80 m. E. from Natchez. COUNTSVILLE, v. on Preston creek, Lexington district, S. C., 31 m. NW. from Columbia. COURTLAND, v. Lawrence co. Al., 104 m. N. from Tuscaloosa. COVE, v. Upper Penn's Neck t. Salem co. N. J., on the Delaware. COVENTRY, ts. Orleans co. Vt., at S. cov cow 269 end of lake Memphremagog, and is watered by Black river; 47 m. NE. from Montpe- lier. Pop. 786. COVENTRY, ts. Grafton co. N. H., 12 m. E. from Haverhill, 7 NE. from Concord ; the township is watered by branches of Oliverain brook and Wild Ammonoosuc r. Pop. 431. COVENTRY, ts. Kent co. R. I., 15 m. SW. Providence. It contains a paper-mill, and several manufactories, particularly of wool and cotton. It contains a number of pleasant villages, all of which are flourish ing. Pop. 3,433. COVENTRY, ts. Tolland co. Ct. It is divided into two parishes called North and South Coventry. There is a Congregational meeting-house in each,-4 m. apart. The N. parish is 16 m. E. of Hartford, and the S. 20 m., and about the same distance from Nor wich. In the S. parish there is a natural pond or lake, about 2j m. long and 1 broad, from which, by an artificial race, flows a stream of water, affording one of the finest collections of mill-seats in the U. States. On this stream are already two cotton manufac tories, one woollen, two machine manufac tories, in which is made machinery of the first quality, a saw-mill and a tannery. In the North parish there is a glass-house and several tanneries. Pop. 2,018. COVENTRY, ts. and v. Chenango co. N. Y., 20 m. SSW. from Norwich, 117 m. SW. by W. from Albany. The village con tains a church, 1 grist-mill and 2 saw-mills, and 15 dwellings. Coventry ville is also in this township, and has 2 churches, 6 or 8 stores, 2 taverns, and 30 or 35 dwellings. Pop. ofts. 1,681. COVERT, ts. and v. Seneca co. N. Y., 177 m. W. from Albany, drained by small tributaries of the Cayuga lake. The village contains a store, tavern, and 8 or 10 dwell ings. Pop. of ts. 1,563. COVESVILLE, v. Albemarle co. Va., 103 m. NW. from Richmond, and 145 miles from W. C., a small village of about 20 houses. COVINGTON, ts. Genesee co. N. Y., 241 m. W. from Albany, and 14 SE. from Ba- tavia, and contains the villages of Coving- ton Centre, Pavillion, Pearl Creek, and La Grange, all pleasant villages. Pop. 2,428. COVINGTON, t. and cap. Kenton co. Ken., separated from Newport by Licking river, on the Ohio, opposite Cincinnati. It is very finely situated, and the streets are so planned that they appear to be a continua tion of those of Cincinnati. In this place are respectable manufacturing establish ments, particularly of cotton. Pop. 2,026. COVINGTON, t. and cap. St. Tamma ny's co. La., 1,107 m. from W. C. COVINGTON, t. Washington co. II., on Kaskaskia river, a small village, and con tains not more than a dozen families. COVINGTON, co. Ala., bordering on Florida. Pop. 2,435. Chief town, Monte- zuma. COVINGTON, co. Mis., bounded by the Choctaw country NW. Wayne E. Perry S. and Lawrence W. Length 20 m., mean width, 25. Chief town, Williamsburgh. Pop. 2,717. COVINGTON, v. in the S. part of Rich mond co. N. C., 127 m. SW. from Raleigh. COVINGTON, t. and cap. Newton co. Georgia, on Yellow river, 67 m. NW. from Milledgeville. COVINGTON, t. and cap. Tipton co. Ten., on a branch of the Big Hatchie river, 225 m. SW. by W. from Nashville. COVINGTON, t. and cap. of Fountain co. Ind., 81 m. NW. from Indianapolis, and 654 from W. C. It is on the E. side of the Wabash. COVINGTON, v. Newberry ts. Miami co. O., on Stilhvater river, 86 m. W. from Columbus, and 10 NW. from Troy, contains from 50 to 60 dwellings, several stores and taverns, 1 druggist shop, and several me chanic shops. COVINGTON, v. S. part of Clinton co. II., on the Kaskaskia river, 14 m. N. from Nashville. COVINGTON, v. Tioga co. Pa., on Tio- ga creek, 65 m. SW. by W. from Tioga Point, about 15 E. from Wellsborough, con tains a church and 10 or 15 houses. COVINGTON, v. and cap. Alleghany co. Va., on Jackson r., 191 m. W. from Rich mond, 233 from W. C. It contains a court house, jail, several stores, taverns, &c., and about 30 houses. COUNCIL BLUFF, on E. side of the Missouri, a little above the mouth of the river Platte, 800 m. from the Mississippi. Lon. 96 40' W. Lat. 41 30' N. This place is occupied by the U. S. as a military post ; and here are generally stationed a few com panies of infantry, with a view to overawe the surrounding tribes of savages, and to prevent, as well their mutual hostilities, as those incursions which they might otherwise attempt against the frontier American set tlers. The position is a very important one, being about half way between St. Louis and the Mandan village, and at that point on the Missouri which approaches nearest to the post at the mouth of St. Peters, with which, in the event of hostilities, it may co operate. It is, besides, in the centre of the most powerful tribes, and the most numerous Indian population west of the Mississippi. COURTABLEAU, r. La., is formed by the Crocodile and Boeuf, and joins the Atchafalaya, 30 m. W. from Baton Rouge. COURT WRIGHT, v. Fairfield co. Ohio, on the road leading from Columbus to Lan caster, 18 m. from the former, and 10 from the latter. COWDERSPORT, t. and cap. Potter co. Pa., 174 m. NW. Harrisburg, and 280 m. from W. C., near the Alleghany river, con tains 2 churches, the usual county buildings, several stores and taverns, and is a place of considerable trade and increasing impor tance. 270 COW CRA COWETA, co. Geo., bounded N. by Campbell co.,E. by Flint r. which separates it from Fayette, S. by Merriwether and Troup, W. by Heard, and NW. by Carroll co. Newman is the capital. Pop. 10,364. COWETA, v. Coweta co. Geo., 135 m. NW. from Milledseville. COWFORD, ford in St. John's river, Florida ; 28 m. N. from the bar at the mouth of the river. COW ISLAND, in Missouri river, 380 m. above its mouth, about 100 above Fort Osage. Here the expedition to the Yellow stone wintered in 1818-19. COWPASTURE, r. Va., one of the prin cipal branches of James river. COWPENS, in Union co. S. C., between Pacolet and Broad rivers, the place where Gen. Morgan defeated the British under Col. Tarleton, Jan. 11, 1781. COXSACKIE, ts. and v. Greene co. N. Y., on the Hudson, 25 m. S. from Albany, 8 above Catskill. The village of Coxsackie contains 1 50 dwelling houses, and a church, a number of taverns, 2 hat manufactories, 3 powerful hay presses. At the landing there are several wharfs and docks, several churches, 22 brick yards, an extensive hay press, about 30 dwellings, 12 extensive stores and warehouses, several mechanic shops, druggist, jeweller, &c. This is a place of much business, having a trade of more than half a million of dollars annually. Pop. of ts. 3,539. New Baltimore was set off from the NE. part of this town in 1811. COXTOWN, v. Berks co. Pa., 12 m. from Reading, 70 m. from Harrisburg, and 160 from W.^C. COYLESTOWN, v. Butler co. Pa., 194 m. W. from Harrisburg. COYAU, settlement, Ten., on Tennessee r. 30 m. below Knoxville. CRAB-BOTTOM, or Hulls, v. Pendleton co. Va. CRAB-ORCHARD, v. Washington co. Va., a small village of some 12 or 20 houses. CRAB-ORCHARD, t. Lincoln co. Ken., on Dick's river, 8 m. from Cumberland river, 25 SE. from Danville. CRAFTSBURY, ts. Orleans co. Vt., 28 m. N. from Montpelier. This ts. is finely watered by Black river, Wild branch, and 5 large natural ponds, well stored with fish. The village in the centre of the ts. is ele vated, commanding a delightful prospect. Pop. 1,151. CRANBERRY, r. Wis. Territory, which runs into the SW. end of lake Superior. CRANBERRY, v. Middlesex co. N. J., m. E. from Princeton, 16 SSW. from Brunswick, 185 from W. C., and 15 from Trenton. Contains 1 church, an academy, a grist-mill, 2 tanneries, 3 taverns, and from 60 to 80 dwellings. CRANBERRY, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 800. CRANBERRY, islands, Hancock co. on the coast of Me., SE. of Mount Desert. These islands afford good harbors, and are well located for the shore fishery. Pop. 239. CRAB RUN, v. Pendleton co. Va., 154 m. NW. from Richmond. CRABTOWN. v. Howell ts. Monmouth co. N. J. Has 10 or 12 dwellings, 2 taverns, and a store. CRAIGSVILLE, v. Blooming Grove ts. Orange co. N. Y., 15 m. SW. from New- burgh. Has a grist, a saw, and a paper- mill, and some 15 or 20 dwellings. CRANE ISLAND, island in the Potomac, 30 m. SW. from Annapolis. CRANE ISLAND, narrow island, about 6 m. in length, in Hunting sound, on the coast of N. C. Lon. 76 45' W. Lat. 34 40' N. CRANEY, small isl. Va., in Hampton road, at the mouth of Elizabeth river, 5 m. SW. from Fort George. There is a strong fort on this island which defends the en trance of James and Elizabeth rivers ; and in the last war, the British were here deci sively repulsed, with great loss, in an at tempt against Norfolk and the Constellation frisate. CRANSTON, ts. Providence co. R. J., on W. side of Narraganset bay, 5 m. S. from Providence. This township contains seve ral cotton manufactories, and 5 houses of public worship, 3 for Baptists, 1 for Friends, and 1 for Methodists. Here is found iron ore. Pop. 2,902. CRAVEN, co. SE. part of N. C. Pop, 13,438. Chief town, Newbern. CRAWFORD, ts. and v. Orange co. N, Y., 94 m. S. from Albany, and 287 from W. C. Contains the villages of Crawford, Hopewell, and Bullville. The village of Crawford, 14 m. N. from Goshcn, has a grist mill and some 10 or 12 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,075. CRAWFORD, co. Pa., bounded by Erie N. Warren E. Venango SE. Mercer S. and state of Ohio W. Length 47 in. mean width 24. Chief town, Meadville. Pop. 31,724. CRAWFORD, co. In., on the Ohio, below its junction with Great Blue river, bounded by Ohio SE. by Perry SW. Dubois W. Orange N.Washington NE. and Harrison E. Length 22 m., mean width 12. Chief town, Fredo- nia. Pop. in 1830, 3,184, and in 1840, 5,282. CRAWFORD, co. II., bounded by Clarke N. Wabash river E., Edwards, Wayne, and Jefferson S., and Bond W. Length 75 m., mean width 35. Pop. 4,422. CRAWFORD, ts. Washington co. Me., located about 30 m. N. from Machias, an excellent township of land. Pop. 300. CRAWFORD, co. Geo., bounded N. by Upson and Monroe, NE. by Bibb, SE. by Houston co. and SW. by Flint river. Chief town, Knoxville. Pop. in 1830, 5,313, and in 1840, 7,981. CRAWFORD, co. Ark., bounded W. by t the Indian Territory, N. by Washington, E. ! by Pope, and S. by Hot Spring co. The I Arkansas r. runs through this co. about 100 CRA CRO 271 m. eastwardly. Chief town, Marion. Pop. in 1830, 2,440, and in 1840, 4,240. CRAWFORD, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Seneca, E. by Richland, S. by Marion, and W. by Hardin and Hancock cos. Chief town, Bucyrus. Pop. in 1830, 4,778, and in } 840, 13,152. CRAWFORD, co. Miso., bounded N. by Franklin, E. by Washington, S. by Ripley, and W. by Pulaski. Much of the land is poor, but it is rich in iron ore. It is watered chiefly by the head branches of the Merri- mack. Steel ville is the seat of justice. Pop. in 1836, 2,026, and in 1840, 3,561. CRAWFORD, co. Wisconsin, embraces all the settled parts of the territory north of Wisconsin river. Prairie du Chien is the capital. Pop. 1,502. CRAWFORDS VILLE, t. and cap. of Montgomery co. Ind., 44 m. NW. from Indianapolis, and 617 from W. C. It is on the direct road from Indianapolis to Coving- ton, and contains a court-house, jail, seve ral stores, taverns, and is a place of in creasing importance. CRAWFORDSVILLE, t. and cap. Tali- aferro co. Geo., 44 m. NNE. from Milledge- ville, 615 from W. C. It contains the usual county buildings, a church, and several stores. CRAYTONVILLE, v. Anderson dist., S. C., 81 m. NW. from Columbia. CREAGERSTOWN, v. Frederick co. Md., 12 m. N. of Frederick city, 89 from Annapolis, and 55 from W. C., contains some 15 or 20 houses, CREELSBURG, v. Russell co. Ken., 160 m. S. of Frankfort, and 640 from W. C., a small village of about 20 dwellings. CREDIT RIVER, U. C., discharges itself into lake Ontario, between the head of that lake and York, in the Mississaga territory. It is a great resort for these and other Indian tribes, and abounds in fish. CRESAPSBURG, v. Alleghany co. Md., 2 m. from the Potomap, 8 N. from Frankford, 170 from Annapolis, and 138 from W. C. CREWSVILLE, t. Goochland co. Va., lying on the S. side of South Anna river, a branch of Pamunkey river, 20 m. SE. of Columbia court-house, and 122 from W. C. CRITTENDEN, v. Clark co. Arkansas, 82 m. SW. from Little Rock. CRITTENDEN, co. Arkansas, bounded E. by the Mississippi river, W. and SW. by St. Francis river, N. by New Madrid co. Miso. Chief town, Greenock. Pop. 1,561. CROGHANSVILLE, v. Ohio, laid out in 1817, on E. bank of the Sandusky, opposite Lower Sandusky, 18m. above the mouth of the river, 105 N. from Columbus; a small place. CROOKED CREEK BRIDGE, v. Arm strong co. Pa., on the creek of the same name, contains some 8 or 10 houses. CROOKED LAKE, in Steuben and On tario cos. N. Y., between Pulteney and Wayne, in Steuben co., 5 m. W. from Seneca lake, 18 miles long, H broad. CROOKED CREEK, r. Pa., which runs into the Alleghany, 8 or 9 m. belong Kit- taning. CROOKED ISLAND, island in the group of Bahamas, between Crooked Island Passage and Mayaguana Passage. Lon. from W. C. 2 40' E. Lat. 22 30 r N. CROOKED ISLAND PASSAGE, NW. from Crooked Island, and stretching from the Old Bahama channel to the Atlantic ocean, between Crooked and Yuma or Long Island. CROOKED RIVER, Maine, runs into Sebago pond, after a SE. course of about 40 m. CROOKED RIVER, Camden co. Geo., runs into the Atlantic between the Satilla and the St. Mary's, 12 or 14 m. N. from St, Mary's. CROOKED RIVER, Illinois, runs into the Illinois from the NW. 75 m. above its mouth. CROMMELIN, v. Montgomery co. Md., 55 m. from Annapolis. CROCKETT, v. Gibson co. Ten., 149 m. S. by W. from Nashville. CROPWELL, v. Evesham ts. Burlington co. N. J., 11 m. SW. from Mount Holly, has a tavern, store, 12 or 15 dwellings, and a Quaker meeting-house. CROSSENVILLE, v. Jackson ts. Perry co. Ohio, a small place of 12 or 15 dwell ings, 52 m. from Columbus. ACROSS CAPE, on the E. coast of Florida. Lon. 84 50' W. Lat. 46 27' N. CROSS PLAINS, v. Dane co. Wisconsin, containing 8 or 10 houses. CROSS PLAINS, v. SE. part of Ripley co. Ind., 10 m. SSE. from Versailles. CROSS CREEKS, two creeks flowing into Ohio river ; one rises in Washington co. Pa., and flowing W. falls into Ohio river, 5 m. below Steubenville ; the other enters direclly opposite the preceding, frum Jeffer son co. Ohio. CROSS ISLAND, on the coast of Maine, at the entrance into Machias bay. Lon G7 15' W. CROSS KEYS, v. Southampton co. Va., 97 m. from Richmond, 220 m. from W. C. CROSS KEYS, v. Union co. S. C., 84 m. NW. from Columbia, and 480 from W. C. CROSS LAKE, N. Y., on the borders of Cayuga and Onondaga counties. Seneca river passes through it. CROSS ROADS, v. Bedminster ts. So merset co. N. J. Also, S. Brunswick ts. Middlesex co. N. J. Also, Evesham ts. Burlinsfton co. N. J. CROSS ROADS, v. in New London ts. Chester co. Pa., 27 m. SE. from Lancaster, 11 NW. from Elkton, Md., and 18 WNW. from Wilmington, Del. CROSS ROADS, v. Kent co. Md., 2 m. S. from Georgetown. CROSS ROADS, v. New Kent co. Va., 20 m. E. of Richmond, and 125 from W. C. CROSSWICKS, v. Burlington co. N. J., 4 m. SW. from Allentown, 8 SE. from Tren ton, 14 SW. from Burlington, contains from 272 CRO CUM 40 to 50 dwellings, a large Quaker meeting house, 4 taverns, 5 or 6 stores, a saw-mill, grist-mill, and is a pleasant place. CROTON, r. rises in Putnam co. N. Y., flows SE. and empties into the Hudson, about 40 m. above N. V. CROTON CREEK, rises in New Fair- field, Ct., and running across Putnam and Westchester counties, N. Y., falls into the Tappan sea in Hudson river. At Croton Falls, the water descends perpendicularly 60 or 70 feet. A bridge erected across the creek 3 m. from its mouth, commands a fine view of the falls. CROW, r. Miso. which runs into the Mississippi 25 m. above St. Anthony's falls. CROW CREEK, Ten., falls into the Tennessee opposite Crow town, 12 m. be low Nickojack town. CROWNPOINT, ts. Essex co, N. Y., on lake Champlain, 15 m. N. from Ticondero- ga, 184 from Montreal, contains the villages of Crownpoint and Morrows Mills; the former has several mills, and 20 or 25 dwellings. Pop. 2,212. CROWSNEST, mt. in the Highlands, near Hudson river, N. Y. Height, 1,330 feet. CROWSVILLE, v. Spartanburg co. S. C., 86 in. from Columbia, and 493 from W. C. CROYDON, ts. Sullivan co. N. H., 18 m. NE. from Charlestown, 44 NW. from Concord. Pop. 956. CUBA, ts. and v. Alleghany co. N. Y., 275 m. from Albany, and 317 m. from W. C. The line of the Erie rail-road crosses the northern section. The village has a number of stores, saw and grist mill, clothing works, trip-hammer, and about 50 dwellings. Pop. ts. 1,768. CUBA, t. on the SE. coast of the island of Cuba, West Indies. CUBA, v. Washington pts. Clinton co. Ohio, 5 m. S. from Wilmington, 70 m. from Columbus, and 450 from W. C. It con tains several stores and taverns, a tan-yard, and 80 or 90 inhabitants. CUBA, the largest and most important of the West Indies. It commands the wind ward passage, as well as the entrance into the gulfs of Mexico and Florida, and is called with reason the key of the West In dies. It is 700 m. in length, and on a me dium 70 in breadth. It is equal in size to Great Britain. Its population has been rated at 750,000, but there is reason to believe that it exceeds that number. A small belt of the island only has yet been cultivated. A chain of mountains, not very lofty, ex tends through the whole island. The soil is exceedingly fertile; the climate more tem perate than that of most of the other islands ; and Cuba is justly considered the healthiest and most fruitful settlement in the Antilles. It is, probably, the richest island, all tilings considered, in the world. Gold was form erly found in the island, and copper and iron abound. It is famed, also, for mineral wa ters, and salt springs. Its chief wealth is derived from its extensive sugar plantations. Coffee is its next most important product. Its tobacco is the best in the world. It abounds in trees, among which are many fitted for ship-timber. Bees have multiplied to a (- great extent. Cattle, as in New Spain, have become wild in the woods, and are killed for their hides and tallow. The peo ple are active and enterprising, and the rev enue, formerly reckoned at 2,000,000 of piastres, is now much more than double that sum. The military force, chiefly militia, consists of 20,000, most of whom are ill dis ciplined. Chief towns are, Havana, Puerto del Principe, St. Jago, and Matanzas. CUBE'S CREEK, Va., runs into Staun- ton river, Lon. 79 W. Lat. 36 47' N. CUCKOOVILLE, v. Louisa co. Va., 46 m. from Richmond, and 113 from W. C., contains some 10 or 15 dwellings. CULPEPER, co. NE. part of Virginia, bounded NE. by Fauquier co. SE. by Spott- sylvania and Orange cos. SW. by Madison co. and NW. by Shenandoah. Culpeper is the seat of justice. Pop. 11,393. CULPEPER, v. and cap. Culpeper co. Va., contains the usual county buildings and several taverns. CULLEN, v. Weakley co. Ten., 108 m. from Nashville, and 825 from W. C. CUMBERLAND, v. E. part of Marion co. Ind., 10 m. E. from Indianapolis. CUMBERLAND, v. Guernsey co. O., on the Buffalo fork of Wills creek, 16 m. from Cambridge, contains several stores, church es, a grist and saw-mill, one steam carding and fulling-mill, several mechanic shops, and 25 or 30 dwellings. CUMBERLAND, v. and cap. of Cumber- land co. Va., 5 m. W. from Richmond, is a pleasant and flourishing village, with a court-house and jail. CUMBERLAND, co. SW. part of Maine, bounded W. and N. by Oxford co. E. by Lincoln co. SE. by the Atlantic, and SW. by York co. Pop. 68,658. Chief town, Portland. CUMBERLAND, ts. Cumberland co. Me., 52 m. SW. from Augusta, 10 N. of Port land, pleasantly situated on Casco bay. Pop. 1,616. CUMBERLAND, ts. Providence co. R. I., on the NE. side of the Pawtucket ; 6 m. N. from Providence. Cotton manufactories and boat building are extensively carried on. Pop. 5,226. CUMBERLAND, co. N. J., bounded N. by Gloucester co. E. by Cape May co. S. by Delaware bay, and W. by Salem co. Pop. in 1830, 14,091, and in 1840, 14,374. Chief town, Bridgetown. CUMBERLAND, co. Pa., W. of theSus- quehannah, bounded N. by Mifflin co. E. by Dauphin co. S. by York and Adams cos. and SW. and W. by Franklin co. Pop. in 1830, 29,218, and in 1840, 30,953. Chief town, Carlisle. CUMBERLAND, t. and cap. AUeghany CUM GUY 273 co. Md., on the Potomac, at the junction of Wills' Creek, 148 m. W. by N. from Balti more, 155 from W. C. It contains a court house, a jail, a market-house, a bank, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Lutherans, 1 for Roman Catholics, and 1 for Methodists. CUMBERLAND, co. central part of Va., bounded N. by James river, E, by Powhatan and Amelia cos. S. by Prince Edward co. and W. by Buckingham co. Pop. in 1830, 11,689, and in 1840, 10,399. Chief town, Cartersville. CUMBERLAND, co. central part of N. C. Pop. in 1830, 14,824, and in 1840, 15,284. Chief town, Fayetteville. CUMBERLAND, co. S. part of Ken. Pop. in 1830, 6,090, and in 1840, 4,571. Chief town, Burkesville. CUMBERLAND, t. New Kent co. Va., oft SW. side of the Pamunky, about 35 m. E. from Richmond, and 130 m. from W. C. CUMBERLAND, a town and fort of Bri tish America, in a county of the same name, forming the isthmus which unites Nova Scotia to New Brunswick. The fort is situ ate at the head of the bay of Fundy, on the east side of its northern branch, called Chig- aecto bay. The isthmus is here about 15 m. across, easily admitting a canal to unite the bay of Fundy with the gulf of St. Law rence. Lon. 64 10' W. Lat. 45 45' N. CUMBERLAND GAP, pass through the Cumberland mountains, in Claiborne co. Ten., 130 m. S. from Lexington. CUMBERLAND HOUSE, a station of the Hudson Bay Company, in the country of the Knisteneaux Indians, on the SW. side of Pine Island lake, in Lat. 54 N. Lon. 102 W. CUMBERLAND MOUNTAINS, in Ten. The range commences in SW". part of Pa., and in Va. it takes the name of Laurel Mountain, passes through SE. part of Ken tucky, and terminates in Tennessee, 80 m. SE, from Nashville. A considerable por tion of this mountain ii Tennessee is com posed of stupendous piles of craggy rocks. It is thinly covered with trees, and has springs impregnated with alum. Lime stone is found on both sides of it. CUMBERLAND, isl. on the coast of Geo., 20 m. S. from Frederica, between the mouth of the Great Satilla and Prince Wil liam's sound. It is about 20 m. in circum ference. CUMBERLAND, r. rises on the Cumber land mountains, in the south-east part of Ken., through which it has a course of 200 miles; it has a circuit in Tennessee of 180 miles, thence north, and joins the Ohio in Kentucky, llm. above the mouth of the Tennessee. CUMMING, t. and cap. Forsyth co. Geo. CUMMINGTOX, ts. Hampshire co. Mass., 20 m. NW. from Northampton, 110 W. from Boston. In this ts. are good mill sites on Westfieli river. Its manufactures consist of cotton and woollen goods, leather, palm-leaf hats, and scythe snaths, to the K 1 amount of 100,000 dollars annually. Pop. 1,237. CURRACOA, an island in the Caribbean sea, lying off the coast of Colombia, near the entrance to the gulf and lake Maracai- bo, 35 miles long, and 12 broad, subject to the Dutch. It produces sugar, tobacco, and salt; has numerous warehouses, which used formerly to supply the adjacent coast with the productions of Europe and Asia, and which still continue to do so to some extent. In 1800 some French having settled on part of the island, and becoming at variance with the Dutch, the latter surrendered the island to a single British frigate. It was restored to the Dutch by the peace of 1802, and tak en from them by a British squadron in 1807, and again restored by the peace of 1814. The principal town is St. Peter, at the NE. extremity of the island. Lon. 69 15' W. Lat. 12 52' N. CURRAN, v. Gallatin co. II., 13 m. NW. from Equality, a small village of 8 or 10 houses. CURWINSVILLE, v. Clearfield co. Pa., 4 or 5 m. from the village of Clearfield. Contains some 10 or 15 houses, &c. CURRITUCK, a maritime co. at the NE. extremity of North Carolina, the N. end bordering on the Great Dismal swamp of Virginia, and S. end on Albemarle Sound. This was formerly a very dreary district, but some of the land within the present cen. tury has been rendered very productive in rice. Pop. 6,703. The county gives name to one of the inlets into Albemarle sound. CURRITUCK, v. and cap. Currituck co. N. C., 211 m. from Raleigh, and 257 from W. C., a small village containing a court house, jail, and 2 hotels. CURRYTOWN, v. Root t. Montgomery co. N. Y., 14 m. S. by W. from Johnstown, has a church, store, tavern, and 15 or 20 dwellings. CURRYSTOWN, v. Jefferson t. Preble co. Ohio. CUSHING, ts. Lincoln co. Me., situated on St. George's river, opposite the town of St. George, 45 m. NE. from Augusta, and 12 SE. from Warren. Here was the celebrated stone fort erected by Maj. Burton. Pop. 790. CUSSETA, t. and cap. of Russell co. Al. CUTHBERT, v. and cap. Randolph co. Geo., 182 m. SW. from Milledgeville, and 624 from W. C., contains the usual county buil lings, and some 10 or 15 dwellings. CUTLER, ts. Washington co. Me., bounded S. by the Atlantic ocean, and about 20 m. SW. from W. Quaddy Head. It con tains Little Machias bay and Little river. Pop. 657. CUTLER'S SETTLEMENT, Coles co. II., 8 m. NE. from Charleston. CUYAHOGA, a stream of Ohio falling into lake Erie at Cleveland. The great Ohio canal passes along this river, and joins the lake at its mouth. CUYAHOGA, a co. of Ohio, bordering 274. GUY DAN upon lake Erie at the outlet of the above stream. Pop. in 1830, 10,360, and in 1840, 26,506. Cleveland is the capital. CUYAHOGA FALLS, v. Portage co. O., on the Cuyahoga river. The falls here are 240 feet, furnishing an amount of water power scarcely equalled in extent and im portance in the west. The business and manufactures of the town are important, and few towns have risen more rapidly in importance than this. Distant 3 m. from the Ohio canal, and 31 from Cleveland. The Pa. and Ohio canal passes through the place on the bank of the river, and forms a junction about 4 m. distant at Akoon with the Ohio canal. The location of the village is one of great salubrity and beauty, and considered one of the most healthy locations of the west. Pop. about 1,500, and rapidly increasing. CYNTHIAN, v. Perry ts. Pike co. 0., 22 m. NW. from Piketon. CYNTHIANA, v. Posey co. Ind., 157 m. SW. from Indianapolis. CYNTHIANA, v. NW. part of Switzer land co. Ind. CYNTHIANA, t. Shelby co. 0., 92 m. NW. by W. from Columbus. CYNTHIANA, v. and cap. Harrison co. Ken., 38 m. NE. from Frankfort, and 513 from W. C., contains the usual county buildings, a church, several stores and tav erns, and is a place of some business. D. D ACHEET, r. of Arkansas and Louisiana, rises in the former, and flowing S. into the latter, falls into the head of lake Bistineau. DACRESVILLE, v. Pickens district, S. C., 133 m. NW. from Columbia. DADE, co. Geo., a new county and seat of justice uncertain. Pop. 1,364. DADE, co. Florida, bounded N. by Ala- chua co., E. by the Seminole reserve, S. by Tampa bay, and W. by the gulf of Mexico. Withlacoochee river gives a leading feature to this county. Pop. 446. DAGSBOROUGH, t. and hundred, Sussex eo. Delaware, S. of Indian river, 127 m. S. from Philadelphia, 54 from Dover, and 130 fromW. C. DALE, co. Ala., bounded N. by Pike, E. by Henry, S. by the line of Florida, and W. by Covington co. Richmond is the seat of justice. Pop. in 1830, 2,031, and in 1840, 7,397. DALE, v. and seat of justice of Dale co. Alabama, 242 m. from Tuscaloosa, 1,002 from W. C., a small village containing the county buildings, and some 10 or 12 dwell ings. DALTON, v. in the NW. corner of Wayne co.Ind., 18 m. NW. from Centreville. DALTON, ts. Coos co. N. H., on E. side of the Connecticut, 8 m. S. from Lancaster, 110 N. by W. from Concord. The Great, or Fifteen-Mill Falls on Connecticut river, commence in Dalton, and rush tumultuously along its NW. boundary. Pop. 664. DALTON, ts. Berkshire co. Mass., 12 m. NNE. from Lenox, 130 W. from Boston. Pop. 1,255. Here are 2 paper-mills, and a cotton and woollen manufactory. DALETOWN, v. Wilcox co. Ala., 107 m. S. of Tuscaloosa, and 917 from W. C., a small village of some 10 or 15 houses. DALLAS, co. Ala., bounded by Wilcox S. Marengo W. Greene NW. Perry N. Autauga NE. and Montgomery E. Length 45 m. mean width 24. Chief town, Cahawba. Pop. 25,199. DALRYMPLE'S POINT, cape, in the island of Dominica, 2 m. S. from Charlotte's Town. DAMARISCOTTA, river of Maine, or rather a long deep bay, extending from the Atlantic ocean into Lincoln co. between Booth-bay and Bristol. DAMASCUS, v. and seat of justice, Henry co. Ohio, contains the usual county buildings, 2 churches, and several fine houses. Pop. 500. DAMASCUS, ts. Wayne co, Pa., on Delaware river ; 18m. NW. from Bethany, 191 from Harrisburg, and 290 from W. C. It is opposite Coshecton, a small place of about 20 houses. DAMASCUS, v. Montgomery co. Md.. 17 m/ from Annapolis, and 44 from W. C., on the road from New Market to Barnes- town, contains about 25 houses. DAMASCUS, v. Goshen ts. Columbiana co. 0., 15 m. NW. from New Lisbon, on the state road from CHnton on the Ohio canal to the Pennsylvania line. It contains 30 or 40 dwellings, several stores, and about 200 inhabitants. DAME'S GORE, ts. Grafton co. N. H., Pop. 54. DAN, r. rises on the borders of North Carolina and Virginia, and flowing through a fertile country, unites with Staunton river to form the Roanoke. It is navigable to Danville, where there are falls of 22 or 23 feet perpendicular. DANA, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 27 m. NW. from Worcester, 65m. W. from Boston; some leather is tanned here, and about 70,000 palm-leaf hats made annually, worth about $10,500. Pop. 691. DANBORO, v. Plumstead ts. Bucks co. Pa., 30 m. N. from Philadelphia. DANBURG, v. Wilkes co. Geo., 68 m. NE. from Milledgeville. DANBRIDGE, v. Morgan co. Ala., 110 m. NE. from Tuscaloosa. DANBURY, ts. Grafton co. N. H., 30 m. NW. from Concord, and 16 m. from Ply mouth ; the cast part is watered by Smith's river. Pop. 800. DANBURY, ts. Fairfield co. Ct. The courts are held alternately here and at Fair- field. The village contains a court-house, jail, academy, 4 churches, 1 each for Pres byterians, Episcopalians, Sandemanians and Methodists, and 200 dwelling-houses. Dan- bury is the most considerable town in the county in the extent and variety of business DAN 275 carried on. Here are not less than 50 shops for the manufacture of hats. It is 33 m. WNW. from New Haven, 54 SW. from Hartford, 65 from N. York, 40 from New- burgh. In 1777 the town, with a large quantity of military stores, was burnt by the British. In the subsequent battle, Maj. Gen. Wooster was slain. Pop. 4,504. DANBURY, ts. Huron co. Ohio, com prises the peninsula between Portage river and Sandusky bay. It is about 20 m. long, and 2 or 3 wide, and terminates in Point Prospect. A custom-house is kept at Bull Island, on the southern shore of the penin sula near the point. DANBY, ts. Rutland co. Vt. ; 32 m. W. from Windsor, 17 S. from Rutland, and 68 SW. from Montpelier. Large quantities of butter and cheese of superior quality are sent to market annually from this township. Pop. 1,379. DANBY, 1s. and v. Tomkins co. N. Y., 8 m. N. from Spencer, 172 W. from Albany. The village contains 3 churches, several taverns, stores, and 35 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,570. DANCEY'S STORE, v. Northampton co. N. C. DANDRIDGE, t. and cap. Jefferson co. Ten., on French Broad river, 33 m. E. from Knoxville, 229 m. from Nashville, and 497 from W. C., contains a court-house, jail, a church, an academy, and has some trade. DANE, co. Wisconsin, bounded N. by Portage, E. by Jefferson, S. by Rock and Green, W. by Iowa, and NW. by Wiscon sin river. The chief town is Madison city, the capital of Wisconsin. Pop. 3,1 14. DANIEL HILL, v. Rowan co. N. C., a small place. DANIELSVILLE, v. Spottsylvania co. Va. DANIELSVILLE, t. and cap. Madison co. Geo., 90 m. from Milledgeville, and 600 from W. C., contains a court-house, jail, and about 25 or 30 houses. DANSVILLE, pts. Steuben co. N. Y., 24 m. NW. from Bath, 240 m. SW. from Alba ny, and 322 from W. C. The post-office is called South Dansville. Pop. 2,725. DANUBE, pts. in Herkimer co. N. Y., 68 m. NW". from Albany, 10 SE. from Her kimer, 406 from W. C. Pop. 1,960. DANVERS, ts. Essex co. Mass., adjoin ing Salem; 16m. NE. from Boston. Pop. 5,020. It contains 2 meeting-houses for Congregationalists and 1 for Baptists. The most considerable and compact settle ment is a continuation of the principal street of Salem. Large quantities of bricks, earthenware, leather, boots, shoes, nails, glue, lasts, morocco, &c. &c., are manufac tured here. Annual amount, about $8,500. In the village of New Mills, at the head of Beverly river, there is a large iron manu factory, and the business of ship-building is carried on. DANVILLE, ts. Cumberland co. Me., 32 m. SW. from Augusta, and 29 N. from Portland. Farming is the principal busi ness of the inhabitants. Pop. 1,249. DANVILLE, t. and cap. Caledonia co. Vt., 28 m. ENE. from Montpelier, 165 NNW. from Boston, 535 from W. C. This is a pleasant and valuable agricultural town, and it has a small village containing a court house, a jail, a printing-office, a Congrega tional meeting-house, and it is a place of considerable trade and manufactures. Pop. 2,633. DANVILLE, t. and cap. Columbia co. Pa., on the Susquehannah, at the entrance of Mahoning creek, llm. above Northum berland, on the north branch of the Susque hannah river. It contains a court-house, jail, several churches, stores, taverns, and me chanic shops, and is a place of considerable importance. Pop. about 800. DANVILLE, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 33 m. SE. from Concord, and 10 m. SW. from Exeter. It is a pleasant farming town ship, and well watered by Cub and Long Ponds. Pop. 538. DANVILLE, t. Pittsylvania co. Va., on the river Dan, 130 m. by water, and 116 by land above the great falls of the Roanoke, about 70 m. S. by W. from Lynchburg, 150 SW. by W. from Richmond, 291 from W. C. Lon. 79 25' W. Lat. 36 24' N. It is situ ated at the Falls of the Dan, on a wide and beautiful plain, rising gradually from the river to a high eminence, which commands an extensive and picturesque prospect, em bracing a view of the Falls, the gentle cur rent of the river below, and the verdant hills and cultivated fields of the surrounding country. A canal nearly a mile in length has been formed around the Falls, which affords extensive and excellent seats for mills and manufactories, which are improv ed to considerable extent. The Roanoke Navigation Company have constructed a canal with locks around the Falls ; and a basin is formed in the centre of the town, safe and convenient for the batteau naviga tion of the river. Danville has become the upland depot of an extensive commerce, em bracing not only the adjacent fertile districts of Virginia and N. Carolina, but also a great part of East Tennessee. The articles of commerce consist of wheat, flour, tobacco, cotton, whisky, brandy, Indian corn, beef, pork, butter, poultry, lumber, and iron. Bat- teaux, carrying from 8 to 12 hogsheads of tobacco, and from 30 to 40 barrels of flour, have a convenient navigation from this place to the Falls of the Roanoke. Roads lead to Danville from various directions, both from Virginia and North Carolina. The town has a very healthy situation, and contains an academy with 45 or 50 students. A newspaper is published here. DANVILLE, t. Mercer co. Ken., on the SW. side of Dick's river, 40 m. S. by W. from Frankfort, 33 SSW. from Lexington. Lat. 37 30' N. It has two churches, an academy, and various mechanic shops. Sev eral mills and factories are erected here. A 276 DAN DAR charter for a college at this place has been granted by the legislature ; 2 professors, 1 of languages ancTl of mathematics, are ap pointed, and a large brick building 2 stories high is erected. DANVILLE, v. Knox co. Ohio, 13 m. NE. from Mount Vernon, 59 m. from Co lumbus, and 362 from W. C., contains a number of dry-good stores, taverns, mechanic shops, and about 350 inhabitants. DANVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Hen- dricks co. In., 593 m. from W. C., and 20 m. from Indianapolis. DANSVILLE, v. Sparta ts. Livingston co. N. Y., on the Genesee river, 18 m.'SSE. from Geneseo. It is a flourishing village containing numerous manufactories. DANVILLE, v. W. part of Fayette co. In. DANVILLE, t. and cap. Montgomery co. Miso., in Loutre Prairie. DANVILLE, t. and cap. of Vermillion co. II., 150 m. NE. from Vandalia, 636 from W. C. on Vermillion river, near the bound ary of Indiana. It is a flourishing place, containing a large number of stores, tav- ,erns, various mechanic shops, a public land office for the district, a printing-office, and from 7 to 800 inhabitants. DARBY, v. Delaware co. Pa., on the E. side of Darby creek, which runs into the Delaware, 7 m. SW. by W. from Phila delphia. DARBY, pts. Pickaway co. Ohio, 14 m. NW. from Circleville. There are several saw-mills in the township, and it contains about 1,000 inhabitants. DARBY, cape of N. America, on the N. Pacific ocean, SW. from the mouth of Nor man river. Lon. 86 30' from W.C. Lat.64 21' N. DARBY RIVER, one of the western branches of the Scioto river, rises in Union, Champaign, and Franklin cos., and by a comparative course of 65 m. SSE. falls into Scioto river opposite Circleville. DARBYVILLE, v. Muhlenburg ts. Pick- away co. O.,12 m. NW. from Circleville, 407 from W. C., and 39 from Columbus ; has 35 or 40 dwellings, several stores, churches, and 2 tanneries. It is a flourishing place. DARDANELLES, a place in Cadron, Arkansas, on Arkansas river, where the Agent of the Cherokee Indians resides. Two rocky ridges here border the river for some distance, whence originated the name. DARDENNE, t. St.Charles district, Miso., 1,001 m. from W. C. DARETOWN, v. Pittsgrove ts. Salem co. N. J., 13 m. N. of E. from" Salem. Contains 12 or 15 dwellings, several stores, and two churches. DARIEN, ts. and v. W. part of Genesee co. N. Y., centrally 13 m. SW. from Batavia. The village has several stores, a grist-mill, ashery, carding and clothing dressing mill driven by steam, and about 25 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,406. DARIEN, ts. Fairfield co. Ct., 5 m. W. from Norwalk, and 42 SW. from New Ha ven. During divine service on Sunday, 22d July, 1781, a party of British troops sur rounded the meeting-house at this place, and took the whole congregation and made them prisoners of war. Pop. 1,080. DARIEN,t.cap. and s-p.M'Intosh co.Geo., on the N. side and principal channel of the Alatamaha, 12 m. above the bar, and 190 below Milledgeville. The town is situated upon a sandy bluff', and has advanced in wealth and population with great rapidity. It has a bank with a capital of $150,000, a court-house, jail, several houses of public worship, stores, warehouses, &c. DARKE, co. Ohio, bounded W. by Indi ana, N. by Mercer, E.by Shelby and Miami, SE. by Montgomery, and S. by Preble. Length 32 m., width 21. Chief town, Greenville. Pop. in 1830, 6,203, and in 1840, 13,280. DARKSVILLE, v. Berkeley co. Va., 165 m. from Richmond, and 86 from W. C., a small village of about 30 houses. DARLING ISLAND, the largest of two islands in the entrance of lake Simcoe, U. C. DARLINGS, v. on Owl creek, Knox co. Ohio, 14 m. E. from Vernon, 65 NE. from Columbus, a pleasant village. DARLING TOWNSHIP, in the co. of Durham, U. C., lies to the W. of Clarke, and fronts on lake Ontario. DARLINGTON, v. and boro. Beaver co. Pa., 10 m. NW. from the boro. of Beaver. Here is an academy. This place was for merly called Greersbur?. DARLINGTON, v.~Hareford co. Md., contains some 10 or 12 houses. DARLINGTON, dis. S. C., bounded by Sumpter SW. by Kershaw W. Chesterfield NW. Maryborough NE. and Marion and Williamsburg SE. Length 34 m., width 28. Chief town, Darlington. Pop. in 1830, 12,000, and in 1840, 14,822. DARLINGTON, v. and seat of justice, Darlington district, S. C., on Black creek, very near the centre of the district, 40m. E. from Camden. It contains the usual county buildings, a church, several stores and me chanic shops. DARLINGTON, t. Warwick co. Indiana, a short distance from the Ohio, about 40 m. SSE. from Princeton. DARNESTOWN, v. Montgomery co. Md., 65 m. from W. C. DARTMOUTH, t. and s-p. Bristol co. Mass. It is situated on the NW. side of Buzzard's bay, about 75 m. S. of Boston. There are 5 vessels belonging to this place engaged in whaling business and a number in coasting and other fisheries. The pro- duets of the whale, cod, and mackerel fish eries, amount annually to about $90,000. The amount of vessels built, salt manufac tured, leather tanned, boots and shoes made, is about $30,000. Pop. 4,155. DARTOWN, v. Butler co. Ohio, Him, SW. from Columbus. DARRTOWN, v. Milford ts. ButLer co. 0., DAR 8 m. NW . from Hamilton, and 109 from Co lumbus. Contains several churches, stores, about 20 mechanic shops, and upwards of 300 inhabitants. DARWIN, t. and cap. Clark co. II., on the Wabash, adjoining Walnut Prairie. It contains the county buildings and ab^ut 25 dwellinss. DAUPHIN, v. Middle Paxton ts. Dauphin co. Pa., on the Susquehannah, 8 m. from Harrisburg. DAVENPORT, v. Scott co. Iowa, on the Mississippi river, above Rockingham. DAVENPORT, pts. Delaware co. N. Y., 65 m. from Albany, and 11 from Delhi, watered by Charlotte river, and is a good farming township. Pop. 2,052. DAVIDSBURG, v. Antes ts. Huntingdon co. Pa., 20 m. N. of Huntingdon bor., con tains a church, tavern, and about 15 dwell ings. DAVIDSONVILLE, t. Lawrence co. Arkansas, on the W. bank of Black river, at the junction of Spring river. DAVIDSON, co. N.~C., bounded N. by Storkes, E. by Randolph and Guilford, S. and W. by Rowan cos. Pop. 14,606. DAVIDSON, co. Ten., situated on the W. side of Cumberland Mountains, bounded by Robertson N. Sumner NE. Wilson and Rutherford E. Williamson S, and Dickson W. Length 26 m. mean width 22. Chief town, Nashville. Pop. in 1830, 28,132, and in 1840, 30,509. DA VIE, co. N. C. Pop. 7,574. A new county, seat of justice uncertain. DA VIES, co. of Ken., bounded by Ohio river N. Breckenridge NE. Ohio SE. Muh- lenburg S. Hopkins SW. and Henderson W. Length 30 m. mean width 20. Chief town, Owensburg. Pop. in 1830, 6,327, and in 1840,8,331. DAVIES, co. of Indiana, between the two main branches of White river ; bounded by Dubois SE. and S. Gibson SW. Knox W. Sullivan NW. and Monroe and Lawrence NE. Length 60 m. mean width 15. Chief town, Washinston. Pop. 6,720. DAVIS'S COVE, harbor on the W. coast of Jamaica, 2 m. N. Green Island Harbor. DAUPHIN, co. Pa., on the E. side of the Susquehannah ; bounded N. by Northum berland, E. by Schuylkill and Lebanon, S. by Lancaster, and W. by the Susquehannah which separates it from Cumberland. Pop. in 1830, 25,303, and in 1840,30,188. Chief town, Harrisburg. DAUPHIN, isl. on the coast of Alabama, between which and Mobile Point, 3i m. dis tant, is the entrance of Mobile Bay. Lon. 88 7' W. Lat. 30 10' N. DAUPHIN, r. N. America, which runs into lake Winnipeg, in Lat. 52 15' N. DAVISON POINT, on the W. coast of N. America. Lat. 55 N. DAWFUSKEE, isl. on the coast of S. C., at the entrance of Savannah river. DAYANVILLE, v. Watson ts. Lewis co. N. Y., 5 m. NE. from LowvUle, and 9 from -DEC 277 Martinburg, has a saw-mill, store, tavern, and 10 or 15 dwellings. DAYTON, v. E. part of Tippecanoe co. In., contains about 20 houses. DAYTON, t. and cap. Montgomery co. Ohio, on the Miami, just below the junction of Mad river, 52 m. N. from Cincinnati, 66 W. from Columbus, 40 SE. from Urbanna. The public buildings are a court-house and jail, 5 houses of public worship, a bank, and an academy. Mad river affords un common advantages for water-works, and numerous mills are erected upon it. There are 4 cotton factories, a carpet factory that manufactures 100 yards of carpet per day, 2 gun barrel manufactories, a cast iron foundery, 4 machine shops, a clock factory, an extensive paper-mill, a carding and fulling-mill, last factory, chair factory, soap and candle factory, 7 flouring-mills, 7 saw mills, 5 distilleries, and several mills of other descriptions. With the exception of the " Last factory," they are all operated by water power. It contains upwards of 1000 dwellings, and more than 50 taxed stores. Pop. in 1830, 2,965, and in 1840, 6,067. DEAD RIVER, Me., the W. branch of the Kennebeck. It rises in the highlands which separate Maine from Canada, and joins the E. branch about 20 m. from Moose- head lake. DEAD RIVER, N. H., runs into the Margallaway. DEAD RIVER, Wis. Territory, runs into lake Superior, is 50 yards wide, and beatable at its mouth. DEAL, v. N. J., on the sea-shore, in Monmouth co., famous as a watering place, 7 m. S. from Shrewsbury, 220 NE. from W. C., and 64 from Trenton. It is a pleasant village. DEALS, t. and cap. Alachua co. Florida, 178 m. SE. from Tallahassee. DEANSVILLE, v. Marshall ts. Oneida co. N. Y., 13 m. SW. from Utica, has a church, several stores, and 15 or 20 dwell ings on the Chenango river. DEARBORN, ts. Kennebeck co. Me., 15 m. NE. from Augusta, is watered by Great pond, which covers a large portion of the surface, and has a number of islands of great beauty. Pop. 168. DEARBORN, co. In., on Ohio r. bounded by the state of Ohio and the Ohio r. E. Switzerland S. Ripley W. and Franklin N. length 27 m. mean width 15. Chief town, Lawrenceburg. Pop. 19,327. DEARBORN, r. a W. branch of Missouri, into which it falls above the rapids. DEATON'S MILL, settlement in Mor gan co. II., 3 m. NW. from Jacksonville. Here is a steam mill, and a large and flour ishing settlement. DEAVERTO WN, v. York ts. Morgan co. Ohio, 4 m. NW. from M'Connellsville, and 16 from Zanesville, has a tavern, several churches, upwards of 30 dwellings, and a full complement of mechanics. DECATUR, co. Geo., bounded N. by 278 DEC- Early and Baker, E. by Thomas co., S. by Florida, and W. by Alabama. Bainbridge is the seat of justice. Pop. 5,872. DECATUR, v. Adams co. Ohio, 117 m. SSW. from Columbus. DECATUR, v. Morgan co. Ala., about 200 m. N. from Cahawba. DECATUR, pts. Otsego co. N. Y., 12m. SE. from Cooperstown, and 64 from Albany. A good farming township. Pop. 1,071. DECATUR, co. In., bounded N. by Rush, E. by Franklin, S. by Jennings, and W. by Bartholomew. Chief town, Greensburg. DECATUR, v. Brown co. Ohio, 9 m. W. from West Union, has a church, upwards of 30 dwellings, and the usual supply of me chanics. DECATUR, v. and seat of justice, Ad ams co. In., contains about 30 houses. DECATUR, v. and cap. De Kalb co. Geo., contains a court-house, jail, church, and several stores and taverns, and about 20 dwellings. DECATUR, t. and cap. of Macon co. II., on the north fork of the Sangemon river, near the borders of an extensive prairie, has several stores, the usual number of me chanics, and from 30 to 40 families. DECATUR, v. and seat of justice, New ton co. Miss., about 20 m. E. of Jackson, contains the county buildings, a church, and some neat dwellings. DECHE, r. Indiana, runs into the Wa- bash from the NE. 8 m. below Vincennes. DECKERTOWN, v. Sussex co. N. J., on the Papacossing branch of Wallkill r. 20 m. NNE. from Newtown, and 102 a little E. of N. of Trenton, and 244 from W. C., con tains a church, grist-mill, 4 or 5 stores, and about 25 dwellings in the midst of a rich lime-stone country. DEDHAM, ts. and cap. Norfolk co. Mass., 10 m. SW. from Boston, 30 NNE. from Providence. It contains a court-house, jail, bank, 2 printing-offices, and 6 houses of public worship, 4 for Congregationalists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Baptists. The town is watered by Charles and Neponset rivers, which afford numerous seats for mills and manufacturing establishments, which are improved to a considerable ex tent, consisting of cotton and woollen goods, leather, boots, shoes, paper, marbled-paper, iron castings, chairs, cabinet wares, straw bonnets, palm-leaf hats, and silk goods. Pop. 3,290. DEDHAM, ts. Hancock co. Me. ; Union river passes through the NW. corner of this township. It is a good farming township, and well adapted to the growth of wheat. Pop. 455. DEEP RIVER, in N. C., one of the main and higher branches of Cape Fear r. DEER, or Chevreuil, r. N. A., runs into the E. side of the Mississippi, 37 m. above the falls of Peckagama. DEER CREEK, r. Ohio, joins the Scioto from the W. 7 m. N. from Chillicothe. DEERFIELD, ts. Franklin eo. Mass., on -DEF the W. side of Connecticut r. 4 m. S. from Greenfield, 17 N. from Northampton, 92 W. from Boston. It contains a handsome vil lage, with a church and an academy, and is in a very fertile country. The manufac tures Ojf this township are considerable, con sisting of leather, boots, shoes, cutlery, chairs, cabinet ware, palm-leaf hats, lead pipe, hair cloth and beds, wagons and car riages, pocket-books, wallets, and corn brooms, amounting annually to about $150,000. Pop. 1,912. DEERFIELD, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 18 m. SE. from Concord, and 30 W. by N. from Portsmouth. This ts. has a number of pleasant ponds, which afford fish of vari ous kinds. Moulton's pond, although small, is noted on account of its having no inlet, and is supposed to be supplied by a subter raneous passage, as the water is always nearly of an equal depth. Pop. 1,950. DEERFIELD, ts. and v. Oneida co, N. Y., opposite Utica, on the Mohawk, 100 m. NW. from Albany, 15 m. E. of Rome. The village contains a church, several stores, taverns, and about 25 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 3,120. DEERFIELD, pts. Morgan co. Ohio, ly ing W. of the county seat, and on the road leading from McConnellsville to Somerset, Perry co. DEERFIELD, v. Augusta co. Va., 152 m. NNW. from Richmond. DEERFIELD RIVER, rises in Vt. and flowing S. enters Mass., turns to nearly E. and falls into Connecticut river between Green field and Deerfield. DEERFIELD, v. in the N. part of Cum berland co. N. J., on Cohansey creek, be tween Woodbury and Bridgeton, 64 m. SSW. from Trenton, and 35 S. from Philadelphia, contains about 25 houses. DEERFIELD, v. SW. part of Montgome ry co. Ind., on Sugar Creek. DEERFIELDVILLE, v. Union ts. War ren co. O., 4 m. N. of Lebanon, and 84 SW. from Columbus on the N. bank of the Little Miami river, but in consequence of floods it makes slow progress in population. It now contains 12 or 15 families. DEERING, ts. Hillsborough co. N. H., 23 m. SW. from Concord and 22 NW. from Amherst. It contains three ponds, Dudley's, Pecker's, and Fulton's. There are some manufactures in this ts. and bricks are made in considerable quantities. Pop. 1,124. DEER ISLAND, New Brunswick, in Passamaquoddy bay. Pop. 2,217. DEER ISLE, isl. and ts. Hancock co. Me., on the E. side of Penobscot bay, 9 m. SE. from Castine. They comprise about 17,000 acres of land, and were inhabited before the revolutionary war. Pop. 2,841. DEER PARK, ts. Orange co. N. Y., on Delaware r. 14 m. N. of W. Goshen, 30 W. from Newburgh, 125 from Albany, 266 from W. C., and contains a number of pleasant and flourishing villages. Pop. 1,067. DEFIANCE, t. and cap. of Williams co. DEK DEN 279 O., in the NW. corner of the state, 175 ra. from Columbus, 511 from W. C. It con tains a number of stores and taverns, a court house and jail, a large steam saw-mill, &c. &c. Pop. 944. DEKALB, co. Ten., a new county. Pop. 5,868. County town, uncertaiu. DEKALB, co. Geo., bounded NW. and N. by Chattahoochee river, which separates it from lands of the Cherokee Indians, NE. by Gwinnett, S. by Henry and Fayette, and W. by Campbell co. Chief town, Decatur. Pop. in 1830, 10,042, and in 1840, 10,467. DEKALB, co. Ala. This is a new coun ty. Pop. 5,920. County town, not given. DEKALB, co. NE. part of Indiana, bounded N. by Steuben, E. by Ohio state, S. by Allen, and W. by Noble. Watered by St. Joseph's river of the Maumee, and streams flowing south-easterly into the St. Joseph's. Pop. 1,968. DEKALB, ts. and v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., on the Oswegatchie, 20 m. from its junction with the St. Lawrence. There is a good boat navigation to the mouth of the river. A sulphuretted hydrogen spring here has excited some attention. The village near the falls of Oswegatchie river, contains a number of neat dwellings, taverns, &c. Pop. of ts. 1,531. DEKALB, v. and seat of justice for Kem- ber co. Miss. It contains the county build ings and a number of neat dwellings. DEKALB, co. II., bounded N. by Boone, E. by Cooke, S. by Lasalle, and W. by Kane. Pop. 1,697. DE LA FOUCHE BAY, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 52 39' N. DELAWARE, co. N. Y., on Delaware river, bounded N. by Otsego, E. by Scho- harie and Greene, S. by Ulster and Sullivan, and W. by Broome and Chenango and Dela ware r. which separates it from Pennsylva nia. Pop. in 1830, 32,933, and in 1840, 35,396. Chief town, Delhi. DELAWARE, co. in the SE. part of Pa., on Delaware r. Pop. in 1830, 17,361, and in 1840, 19,791. Chief town, Chester. DELAWARE BAY, a spacious bay of the U. S. between the states of Delaware and New Jersey. Its entrance is 20 m. wide, between cape May in Lat. 38 56' N. and cape Henlopen in Lat. 38 47' N. It is 65 m. long from Fisher's Point to cape Henlopen, and in the broadest part 30 m. wide. DELAWARE CITY, v. Newcastle co. Del., on the Delaware r. at the mouth of the Chesapeake and Delaware canal. It is a small village, but contains so'me fine houses. DELAWARE RIVER, rises in N. Y., in the Catskill mountains. In its course, it re sembles the letter W. It separates Penn sylvania from New York and New Jersey, and runs into Delaware bay. 5 m. below Newcastle. It is navigable for ships of the line 40 m. to Philadelphia, and for sloops 35 m. further to the head of the tide, at Tren ton falls. Above the falls it is navigable I 100 m. for boats of 8 or 9 tons. The whole length, from its source to the bay, is 300 m, DELAWARE, state, see page 84. DELAWARE, t. King William co. Va., on the Point between the Pamunky and Matapony rivers. DELAWARE, co. Ohio, on the Scioto and Whitestone rivers, and on Alum creek, bounded by Franklin S. Madison SW. Union W. Marion N. and Knox and Licking E. Length 27 m., mean breadth 24. Chief town, Delaware. Pop, in 1830, 11,526, and in 1840, 22,060. DELAWARE, v. and seat of justice, Delaware co. Ohio, on Whitestone branch of Scioto, 25 m. N. from Columbus. It contains several handsome churches for dif ferent denominations, a woollen factory, a printing-office, a handsome brick court house and jail, and upwards of 100 neat dwellings. Pop. 900. DELAWARE, co. Indiana, bounded N. by Grant and Blackford, E. by Randolph, S. by Henry, and W. by Madison cos. Pop. 8,843. Muncytown is the capital. DELAWARE, r. E. Florida, runs into the gulf of Mexico, near cape Roman. DELAWARE, v. Walworth co. Wiscon sin, on a branch of Turtle river. DELERY, seigniory, Huntingdon co. L. C., on the Sorelle r. 27 in. SSE. from Mon treal. DELHI, v. in the S. part of Greene co. Ind., 22 m. from Carrollton, a small village of some 15 or 20 dwellings. DELHI, ts. and cap. Delaware co. N. Y., on the Delaware 68 m. W. from Catskill, 70 SW. from Albany. The township is exten sive ; near its centre there is a pleasant vil lage containing the county buildings, a wool len factory, furnace for casting, the usual number of stores, eight lawyers, and 100 dwellings. Pop. 2,554. DELISTE, small r. which rises in U. Canada, and falls into the St. Lawrence in Lower Canada, near its W. boundary. DELPHI, t. Marion co. Ten., contains a church and some 15 or 20 houses. DELPHI, v. Onondaga co. N. Y., a plea sant village, and contains 40 dwellings. Near this village are two falls, 70 feet per pendicular, on Lime-stone creek, within 20 rods of each other, on which are many mills. DELPHI, t. and cap. of Carroll co. In., on the Wabash river, 88 m. NNW. from Indianapolis, and 661 from W. C. It con tains a court-house, jail, and several stores, and mechanic shops 5 is a place of considera ble trade. DEMIQUAIN, r. II., runs into the Illinois r. from the NW. 160 m. above its mouth. It is said to be navigable 120 m. DEMOPOLIS, v. Maremro co. Ala., 62 m. S. of Tuscaloosa, and 911 from W. C. DEMOTT'S STORE, v. in Romulus, Sen eca co. N. Y. DENBIGH, Cape, on NW. coast of America, in Norton Sound. Lat. 65 23' N. DENMARK, t. Oxford co. Me., 30 m. 280 DEN DES SW. from Paris, and 85 SW. from Augusta. It is finely watered by Saco river, and seve ral beautiful ponds. The principal business of the inhabitants is farming, for which they have a fertile soil. Pop. 1,143. DENMARK, ts. and v. Lewis co. N. Y., on Black river, 141 m. NW. from Albany, 450 from W. C., watered by Deer river, which has great descent, falling at one place 175 feet perpendicularly, and at others from 10 to 60 feet. The village of Denmark, 14 m. N. from Marti nsburg, has several churches and taverns, 1 oil-mill, a woollen factory, 2 tanneries, and 40 or 50 dwellings. It has also a large hemp factory, with a capital of $100,000, making 100 ions of rope per annum. Pop. of ts. 2,388. DENMARK, v. Ashtabula co. Ohio, E. from Jefferson, 379 m. from W. C., and 204 m. from Columbus, a small village with some 10 or 12 houses. DENMARK, v. Madison co. Ten., 16 m. SW. from Nashville. DENMARK, v. Canaan ts. Marion co. O., a small village of about 15 houses. DENNIS, ts. Barnstable co. Mass., on Barnstable Bay, 9 m. ENE. from Barnstable, 76 SE. from Boston, 492 from W. C. It contains 3 meeting-houses, 2 for Congrega- tionalisls, and 1 for Quakers. The manu factures of common salt, Epsom salts, ves sels and lampblack amount annually to about $26,000. Pop. 2,942, DENNIS CREEK, v. Cape May co. N. J., by the post-road 101 m. nearly S. from Trenton. The village of Dennis Creek stands on a creek of that name, about 30 m. S. by E. from Bridseton. DENNY'S RIVER, Washington co. Me., runs into a bay of the same name which forms the N. branch of Cobscook bay. DENNYSVILLE, ts. Washington co. Me., lies on the bay and river of the same name, and on Penimaquan bay. The vil lage is handsomely built at the head of tide water on Denny's river, and contains several saw-mills, a grist-mill, fulling-mill, carding- machine, and tannery. It is well situated for manufactures : 17 m. NW. from East- port, 172 NE. from Augusta, and 22 from Machias. Pop. 378. DENNYVILLE, v. Wilkes co. N. C., 172 m. NW. from Raleigh. DENTON, t. and cap. Caroline co. Md., on the Choptank, 37 m. SSW. from Chester, 95 from W. C. It is a small town, regu larly laid out, and contains a bank, a court house, jail, and several stores. DENVILLE, v. Hanover ts. Morris co. N. J., 8 m. N. of Morristown, 231 NE. from W. C., and 65 from Trenton, a small village with 8 or 10 dwellings. DEPAUVILLE, v. Clayton ts. Jefferson co. N. Y., on Chaumont river, contains several stores, mills, and about 30 dwell ings. DE PEYSTER, ts. and v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., 200 m. NW. from Albanv, and 15 m. E. from Canton. A good agricultural township. The village contains a church, store, and a number of dwellings. Pon of ts. 1,074. DE PIERRE, v. Brown co. Wisconsin, on Fox river, a few miles SW. from Green bay. DEPOSIT, v. Tompkins ts. Delaware co. N. Y., on the Delaware, 14 m. SE. from Oquago, 331 from W. C. This village has considerable trade in lumber, several stores, taverns, a grist-mill, and from 60 to 70 dwell ings. DE RAMSAY, two seigniories, in L. C., one in Richelieu co. 36m. E. from Montreal, and the other in Warwick co. DERBANE, r. Louisiana, which flows ESE. and joins the Ouachitta, Lat. 32 39' N. It is navigable for large boats 30 or 40m. DERBANE, r. Louisiana, which runs into Timballier Bay. DERBANE, r. Mis., which runs into the bay of Pines, Lon. 88 19' W. Lat. 30 22' N. DERBY, ts. Orleans co. Vt., 50 m. NNE. from Montpelier, 579 from W. C. It lies on the E. side of lake Memphremagog, bor dering on Stanstead in Canada. It is very level, pleasant and fertile ; it has some manufactures. The farmers are industrious, and rear a large number of sheep. Pop. 1,681. DERBY, ts. New Haven co. Ct., on the Housatonic, at the junction of Naugatuc river, 12m. above its mouth, and 8 W. from New Haven. It contains 5 churches, 2 Episcopal, 2 Congregational, and 1 Metho dist. The river is navigable for vessels of 100 tons. Pop. 2,851. DERRY, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 28 m. from Concord, 18 m. SW. from Exeter. The principal manufactures are linen thread, cloth, palm-leaf hats, and shoes ; the village is very handsome, and a great thorough fare for travellers. Pop. 2,034. DERUYTER, ts. and v. Madison co. N. Y., 34 m. SW. from Utica, 130 W. from Al bany, and is a fertile township. The vil lage, 17 m. SW. from Morrisville, contains a number of churches, a carding and cloth dressing mill, taverns, stores, lawyers, a printing-office, and 75 or 80 dwellings. Near the village is a sulphur spring in much re pute. Pop. ofts. 1,800. DESHA, co. Ar. Pop. 1,598. A new county, boundary and cap. not given. DESMOINS, large r. Missouri, which runs SE. and joins the Mississippi, about 130 m. above the mouth of the Missouri. From the rapids to its mouth, it forms the boundary of the state of Missouri. It may be ascended in boats 800 m. DES MOINES, co. Iowa, on the Missis sippi, next NE. of Lee, and S. of Loua. Skunk river crosses theSW. part, from NW. to SE. The chief town is Burlington, the capital of Iowa. Pop. 5,575. DE SOTO, co. Mis., bounded N. by Ten., E. by Marshal, S. by Lafayette, and W. by DES DIG 281 Tunica cos. Hernando is the capital. Pop. 7,002. DESPAGE, or Fox river, runs into the Illinois from the N. about half way between Lake Pioria and the forks of the Illinois. Its course is nearly parallel with that of the Desplanes. DESPLANES, r. Illinois, rises W. of lake Michigan and flowing SW. meets the Kankakee, to form Illinois river. The Desplanes communicates with a lake, and from this lake there is a sort of canal to Chicago river, partly worn by the water, and partly made by the French and Indians, through which boats pass in wet seasons. DETOUR, cape, Michigan, the W. point at the entrance of the straits of St. Mary's, 40 m. from Michillimackinac. Lat. 45 54' N. DETOUR, cape, at the SW. end of lake Superior. DETROIT, city, and port of entry, Wayne co. and capital of Michigan, and the only town of much size in the state. It is situated on the W. bank of the river Detroit, 18 m. above Maiden in Canada, 6 below the outlet of lake St. Clair, 302 W. from Buffa lo, and 548 from W. C. The banks are 20 feet above the highest waters of the river. The plain on which it is built is beautiful, and the position altogether delightful and romantic. The streets are wide, and the houses of stone, brick, frame and logs, and some of them make a very showy appear ance. Three of the principal streets run parallel with the river, and are crossed at right angles by six principal cross streets. Several wharves project into the river. The United States wharf is 140 feet long, and a vessel of 400 tons burthen can loadjat its head. The public buildings are a coun cil-house, state-house, United States store, several churches, 3 banks, and an academy, and some other public buildings. There are a number of stores, and others building. Rents and the value of lots are rising, and the town exhibits marks of rapid population and improvement. It was almost entirely consumed by fire in 1806, and the appear ance of the new town is much superior to the old one. Pop, in 1830, 2,222, and in 1840, 9,102. DETROIT RIVER, N. A., which con nects lake St. Clair with lake Erie, is 28 m. long, and opposite Detroit, ? of a mile wide, enlarging as it descends, and is navigable for vessels of any burden. DEUX COEURS, r. Michigan, which runs into lake Superior, 21 m. W. from White-fish Point, and 66 W.from St. Mary's r. It is 24 yards wide, and boatable at its entrance. DEUX MONT AGNES, lake, Canada, or rather expansion of th? river Ottawa, at its junction with the St. Lawrence. It is 24 m. long, and from 1 to 6 broad. DEVERTE, bay of New Brunswick, on the NE. coast. Lon. from W. C. 13 10' E. Lat. 46 N. L 1 DEVON, co. U. C., S. of the St. Law rence, between Hertford and Cornwallis co inties. DEWEE, small island, S. C., in Charles ton harbor. DE WITT, co. II., county town not set tled. Pop. 3,247. DE WITT, v. Clinton co. II., 18 m. from Carlyle, and 48 SW. from Vandalia. DEXTER, v. Brownville ts. Jefferson co. N. Y., at the mouth of Black river, recently founded and rapidly inproving. DEXTER, ts. S. part of Penobscot co. Me., 125 m. NE. from Portland, and 67 NE. from Augusta. In this township is a pond covering 500 acres, at the outlet of which are mills, and a beautiful village. Pop. 1,464. DIAMOND GROVE, v. Northampton co. N. C., 25 m. SE. from Raleigh. DIAMOND GROVE, v. Iowa co. Wis consin, DIAMOND MILLS, v. Green ts. Indiana co. Pa., 10, m. NE. of Indiana boro. DIAMOND POINT, cape, on the W. coast of Martinico. Lon 61 W. Lat. 14 25' N. DIAMOND RIVER, r. N. H., which runs into the Margallaway, near the E. border of the state. Lat. 44 48 N. DICKINSON, ts. Franklin co. N. Y., 12 m. W. from Malone, and 230 N. from Alba ny, drained by tributaries of Racket and St. Regis rivers ; the post office-lies in the N. part of the township, on Deer river. Pop. 1,005. DICKINSON, v. Russel co. Va., 340 m. from Richmond, and 322 from W. C. DICKS, r. Ken., which runs into the Ken tucky r. Length, 50 m. DICKSON, co. West Tennessee, on the W. side of the Cumberland river, bounded N. by Stewart and Montgomery, E. by Davison and Williamson, S. by Hickman, W. by Perry and Humphries cos. Pop. 7,074. Chief town, Charlotte. DICKINSONVILLE, v. Franklin co. Va., 279 m. from W. C. DICKINSONVILLE, v. Powhatan co. Va. DICK'S CREEK, Ohio, empties into the Miami from the E. above Hamilton. DICKSVILLE, v. Guilford co. N. C. DIGBY, t. Nova Scotia, on the bay of Annapolis; 15 miles SW. from Annapo lis. DIGIDUASH, r. New Brunswick, which runs into Passamaquoddy Bay. DIGG'S POINT, point, Md., at the con fluence of Piscataway river with the Poto mac. DIGHTON, ts. and port of entry, Bristol co. Mass., on W. side of Taunton river, 7 m. SSW. from Taunton, 39 S. from Boston, 434 from W. C. All the shipping of Wel lington, Taunton, Troy, Freetown, Berkeley, Somerset, and Swansey, is entered at this port. There is in this town, near the river, a rock, which contains a remarkable hiero- 282 DIL DOM giyphic inscription, of which no satisfactory explanation has yet been given. The value of cotton and woollen goods, boots, shoes, pig iron, and wooden ware manufactured, and vessels built, amounts annually to about $30,000. Pop. 1,378. DILLARD'S, settlement in Gallatin co. II., 8 m. NW. from Shawneetown. DILLIARDSVILLE,v. Orange co. N. C. DILLIARDSVILLE, v. Rutherford co. Ten. DILLON'S, settlement in Tazewell co. Illinois. DILLON'S LANDING, Dover ts. Mon- mouth co. N. J., on the N. side of Toms river bay. DILLONVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C., 197 m. SW. from Raleigh. DILLSBORO, v. W. part of Dearborn co. and., 9 m. W. from Wilmington, a small vil lage of about 20 houses. DILLSTON, v. Carroll ts. York co. Pa., 20 m. NW. from the boro. of York. DILLWORTHTOWN, v. Burlington ts. Chester co. Pa., 5 m. S. from West Chester, contains 12 or 15 dwellings. DILLSTON, v. York co. Pa., 96 m. from W. C., 12 m. from Harrisburg. Contains about 20 dwellings. DINGMAN'S FERRY, over Delaware r. Pike co. Pa., 28 m. above Delaware Water Gap, and 8 below Milford. DINWIDDIE, co. Va., bounded N. by the Appomatox, which separates it from Chesterfield co., E. by Prince George co. SE. by Sussex co. SW. by Brunswick and Lunenburg cos. W. by Nottoway co. and NW. by Amelia co. The county court-house is situated 14 m. SW. from Petersburg, 164 from W. C. Pop. in 1830, 21,901, and in 1840, 22,658. Cap. Dinwiddie. DINWIDDIE, v. and cap. of Dinwiddie co. Va., 40 m. from Richmond, and 160 m. from W. C. Contains a court-house, jail, a church, and several stores, and some 15 or 20 dwellings. DIPPER HARBOR, New Brunswick, in the bay of Fundy, 24 m. SW. from St. John's. DISAPPOINTMENT, Cape. It is the N. point of the mouth of Columbia river. Lon. 48 from W. C. Lat. 46 19' N. DISMAL SWAMP, large tract of marshy land, beginning a little S. of Norfolk in Vir ginia, and extending into N. Carolina, to the amount of 150,000 acres ; 30 m. long from N. to S. and 10 broad. This tract is entirely covered with trees, some of which grow to a very large size ; and between them the brushwood springs up so thick, that many parts are utterly impervious. In the midst of the swamp is a lake, called Drum- mond's Pond, 7 miles in length. This lake furnishes water for the canal which connects Elizabeth river with the Pasquotank. The Pasquotank flows from this lake south, and the Nansemond flows from it north. DIVIDING CREEK, v. Cumberland co. N. J., 200 m. from W. C., containing 25 or 30 dwellings, and is a pleasant vil lage. DIVIDING CREEK, r. Va., which flows between Lancaster and Northumberland cos. into the Chesapeake. DIXFIELD, ts. Oxford co. Me., 25 m. NE. from Paris, 42 m. NW. by W. from Augusta, on the N. bank of the Androscog- gin river. This is a good agricultural ts. and natural to the growth of wheat. Pop. 1,169. DIXMONT, ts. Penobscot co. Me., 40 m. NW. from Castine, 220 NE. from Boston, 666 from W. C. It is a good agricultural township, and produces large crops of wheat, hay, rye, wool, &c. Pop. ~1,498. DIXON'S SPRINGS, v. Smith co. Ten., 48 m. from Nashville, and 618 from W. C. DIXVILLE, ts. Coos co. N. H., 110 m. from Concord, 40 NNE. from Lancaster. Numerous streams meander through this township from the surrounding heights. Pop. in 1830, 2, and in 1840, 4. (a big town.) DIXVILLE, v. Henry co. Va., 200 m. from Richmond, and 291 from W. C. DIXONVILLE, v. Ogleco. Il.,atDixon's Ferry on Rock river. Contains several stores, taverns, steam saw-mill, and 12 or 15 families. DOBBS, Cape, in Hudson's bay, at the S. side of the entrance of Wager's river. Lon. 86 30' W. Lat. 65 N. DOBOY SOUND, and INLET, on the coast of Georgia, which receives the N. branch of the Alatamaha river. The bar has 14 feet at low water, and is in Lat. 31 20' N. DOBSON'S CROSS-ROADS, v. Stokes co. N. C., 103 m. from Raleigh, 333 from W..C. DODGE, co. Wisconsin, between Wash ington and Portage cos., watered by the head branches of Rock river. DODGEVILLE, v. Iowa co. Wisconsin, 75 m. E. of Prairie du Chien, and 60 m. from Galena in Illinois. DODSONVILLE, v. Jackson co. Ala., 185 m. NE. from Tuscaloosa. DOG RIVER, r. N. America, which passes by Fort William, and runs into lake Superior just below. DOG'S RIVER, r. Alabama, which runs into the W. side of Mobile bay, Lon. 88 3' W. Lat. 30 40' N. DOGWOOD SPRINGS, v. Pulaski co. Ark., 15 m. W. from Little Rock. DOHERTYVILLE, v. Jeflerson co. Ten., 196 m. E. from Nashville. DOLBER, v. Potter co. Pa., 190 m. NNW. from Harrisburg. DOLINTON,v.Upper Wakefield ts. Bucks co. Pa., 9 m. above Trenton, N. J., on the Delaware river. DOMAINE, Riviere du, r. Lower Cana da, which flows into the St. Lawrence, 6 m. below the Island of Orleans. DOMINICA, one of the windward Carib- bee islands in the W. Indies. It lies about halfway between Guadaloupe and Martinico DOR DOV 283 and is 28 m. long and 13 broad. It was taken by the English in 1761, and confirmed to them by the peace of 1763. The French took it in 1778, but restored it in 1783. The capital is Charlottetown. DON, r. Upper Canada, runs into lake Ontario at York Harbor. DONALDSON, v. Rowan co. N. C. DONALDSON VI LLE, t. and seat of just- ice, in the parish of Ascension, La., on the W. bank of the Mississippi, at the efflux of the Lafourche, 90 m. above New Orleans. It contains a court-house, jail, several stores and taverns, and is a place of some import ance. DONERAILLE, v. Fayette co. Ky., 31 m. SE. from Frankfort. DONNA MARIA BAY, on the W. coast of the island of Hispaniola. DONOHUE'S SETTLEMENT, in the NE. corner of Jefferson co. II., contains 30 or 40 families. DOOLEY, co. Geo., bounded N. by Hous ton, NE. by Pulaski, SE. by Irwin, and W. by Flint river. Chief town, Berrien. Pop. in 1830, 2,135, and in 1840, 4,427. DORCHESTER, ts. Grafton co. N. H ; 15 m. from Plymouth, and 50 NW. from Concord. There are several beautiful ponds in the W. part of the township. Pop. 769. DORCHESTER, ts. Norfolk co. Mass. ; 3 m. S. from Boston. It is a very pleasant town, and contains many fine country-seats, a town-house, and 4 houses of public wor ship, 3 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Methodists, and has some manufactures, such as cotton goods, boots, shoes, hats, pa per, cabinet ware, block tin, tin ware, leather, wearing apparel, soap, candles, and playing cards. Annual amount about $450,000. The first water mill in America was erected here. Pop. 1,875. DORCHESTER, co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, and extend ing along the E. bank of the Chaudiere. DORCHESTER, t. Cumberland co. N. J., on the E. side of Morris river, 5 m. from its mouth, 17 E. from Fairfield, contains several stores and 30 or 40 dwellings. DORCHESTER, co. Md., on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake, bounded N. by Talbot and Caroline counties, E. by Dela ware, S. and W. by Chesapeake bay. Pop. in 1830, 18,685, in 1840, 18,843. Chief town, Cambridge. DORCHESTER, t. and cap. Colleton dis trict, S. C., on Ashley river, 18 m. WNW. from Charleston, 90 m. from Columbia. DORR'S CORNERS, v. White Creek ts. Washington co. N. Y., a pleasant village, and contains 20 or 25 dwellings. ^DORSET, ts. Bennington co. Vt., about 25 m. N. from Bennington. There is a cavern in the south part of this township of some note. Pop. 1,426. DORTMUND, v. St. Charles co. Miso., on the Missouri river. DOTY'S GROVE, v. Dodge co. Wis. DOUBLE-BRIDGE, v.Lunenburg co.Va. DOUGHTY'S FALLS, v. York co. Maine. DOUGLASS, v. Logan co. 0., 10 m. from Bellefontaine. DOUGLAS, Cape, lofty promontory on the W. coast of America, within the en trance of Cook's river. It was discovered by Captain Cook in 1778. Its summit forms two very high mountains. Lon. from W. C., 75 30' W. Lat. 58 N. DOUGLAS ISLAND, between Admiralty island and the NW. coast of America. Lat. 58 16' N. DOUGLASS, v. Worcester co. Mass., 25 m. from Providence, R. I., 4 from the NW. angle of that state, and 47 SW. from Bos ton. Its manufactures consist of cotton goods, boots, shoes, leather, axes and hatch ets, and large quantities of hatchet handles and shoe lasts. Pop. 1,617. DOUGLASS MILLS, v. Cumberland co. Pa. DOUTHET, v. Anderson district, S. C., 139 m. NW. by W. from Columbia. DOVER, ts. and cap. Strafford co. N*. H., 12 m. NNW. from Portsmouth. The vil lage is at the head of the tide, on Cocheco river, 4 m. above its junction with Salmon Falls river, and 12 m. from the ocean. It is an ancient town, having been incorpo rated in 1633, and contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, and several houses for public worship. Dover has made much progress in manufactures. A company with a capi tal of $500,000, have erected a rolling and slitting mill, and nail factory, at which 1,000 tons of iron are rolled, and 600 or 700 cut into nails annually, and 2 cotton facto ries, one of which has 4,000 spindles, and 120 or 130 looms, and is calculated to pro duce 20,000 yards of cloth per week. The " cotton factory company" have one brick mill, 420 feet by 45, 7 stories high, and 2 other mills, 154 bjr 43 feet, one 5 and the other 6 stories, which together contain 25,000 spindles, and 768 looms, and manu facture annually about 5,000,000 yards of cloth, most of which they print into calico. This company employ a capital of more than a million of dollars, and about 1,000 per sons. Dover has daily communications with Portsmouth by a packet-boat. Pop. 6,458. DOVER, Piscataquis co. Me., 155 m. NE. from Portland, and 77 N. by E. from Augusta. It is the shire town of this coun ty, and is remarkable for its beauty. Pop. 1,597. DOVER, ts. Windham co. Vt., 12 m. NW. from Brattleborough, and 17 NE. from Bennington. It is the source of several branches of West, and a branch of Deer- field river. Pop. 729. DOVER, ts. Norfolk co. Mass., on Charles r., 7 m. W. from Dedham, 16 SW. from Boston. Its manufactures consist of nails, iron hoops and rods, ploughs, brushes, boots and shoes. Annual amount about $100,000. Pop. 520. 284 DOV DUB DOVER, v. Kent co. Del., and the seat of state government; situated on Jones' creek, near its junction with the river Dela ware, about 36 m. S. of Newcastle. This small town is neatly built, the houses being mostly of bricks, and the streets disposed with regularity. In the centre is a hand some square, on which the state house and public offices are erected. It lies in the Lat. of 39 10' N. and Lon. 75 30' W. Pop. 3,790. DOVER, ts. York co. Pa., situated about 8 m. westward from York. Pop. 1,600. DOVER, ts. and v. Dutchess co. N. Y. White and coloured marble are extensively quarried in this ts., and wrought, there be ing mills with 396 saws cutting it in slabs from 3 to 4 inches thick. The village con tains several churches and stores, a tannery, saddle and harness maker, and 20 or 30 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,000. DOVER, pts. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on the southern shore of lake Erie, 140 m. NE. from Columbus, and contains about 600 in habitants. DOVER, t. and seat of justice, Stuart co. Ten., on the left bank of Cumberland river, 35 m. below Clarksville. DOVER, Kent co. U. C., on the right bank of the Thames, opposite Raleigh. DOVER, v. Randolph ts. Morris co. N. J., 8 m. N. of Morristown, containing ex tensive manufactories of iron, and a bank. The Morris canal passes the village. It contains 35 or 40 dwellings. DOVER, v. Lafayette co. Miso., in Terre Beau Grove, 3 m. from Missouri river. DOVER, v. Sugar Creek ts. Wayne co. O., 13 m. E. from Wooster, 110 by the road NE. from Columbus. It contains several churches, stores, taverns, 2 drug stores, 2 tanneries, a steam saw-mill, an ashery, 24 mechanic shops, and about 80 dwellings. DOWN EAST, v. Penobscot co. Me., 96 m. from Augusta. DOWNINGTOWN, t. Chester co. Pa,, on the E. side of Brandy wine creek, 33 m. W. by N. from Philadelphia. It is a pleasant village. DOWNING'S SETTLEMENT, Bond co. II., 9 m. S. from Greenville, on the waters of Beaver creek, and is well furnished with timber and prairie. DOWNINGVILLE, v. Rush Creek ts. Logan co. O. DOYLESTOWN, v. and cap. Bucks co. Pa., 15 m. NW. from Newton, 26 N. from Philadelphia, 107 from Harrisburg, contains a bank, court-house, jail, an academy, 2 churches, several stores and taverns. Pop. 905. DOYLESVILLE, v. Feiiciana co. La. DOYLESTOWN, v. Wayne co. O., 18 m. NE. from Wooster, contains about 150 inhabitants, and 30 dwellings. DRACUT, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 27 m. N. from Boston, and 16 N. by E. from Concord. Its manufactures consist of wool len goods, leather, cutlery, boots and shoes, annual amount about $35,000. POD. 2,188. DRAKE'S FERRY, v. Huntingdon co. Pa., 142 m. from W. C. DRAKESVILLE, v. Roxbury ts. Morris co. N. J., on the Morris canal, 12 m. NW. from Morristown, contains a store, and from 12 to 15 dwellings. DRAYTON, v. and cap. Dooly co. Geo., in the interior of the county, and has a court house, jail, several stores, and about 20 houses. DRESDEN, ts. Lincoln co. Maine, on E. side of the Kennebeck, 9 m. NW. from Wis- casset, 160 NE. from Boston, and 613 from W. C. This is a large agricultural town ship, with some trade on the river. Pop. 1,647. DRESDEN, v. Muskingum co. Ohio, on the Muskingum, 15 m. N. Zanesville. DRESDEN, t. and cap. Weakly co. Ten., on a branch of the Obion river, 132 m. N. of W. from Nashville, 834 from W. C., contains the county buildings, a church, several stores and taverns, and is a place of some trade. DRESDEN, v. La Salle co. II., near the junction of the Des Plaines and Kankakee, on the line of the canal. DREWSVILLE, v. Walpole ts. Cheshire co. N. H., 60 m, from Concord. It is a place of some trade, and considerable manu factures. DRIPPING SPRINGS, v. Warren co. Ky.,708 m. from W. C., 130 m. from Frank- fort. DROWNED LANDS, valuable tract of about 50,000 acres in the state of N. Y., on the N. side of the mountains, in Orange co. The waters, which descend from the sur rounding hills, being slowly discharged by the river Walkill, cover these vast meadows every winter, and render them extremely fertile. DROWNED MEADOW, v. in Brook- haven, N. Y., 3 m. E. from Stony Brook, 68 E. from New York, 303 from W. C. DRUMMONDTOWN, t. and cap. Acco- mac co. Va., about 25 m. S. from Snowhill, Md., 215 m. from W. C. It contains a court-house, a jail, and about 50 houses, DRUMMOND'S ISLAND, in lake Huron, 36 m. E. from Mackinaw. Here the Brit ish government maintains a garrison and trading post. DRY GROVE, in M'Lean co. II., 6 m. N. of W. from Bloomington, and contains about 60 families. DRYDEN, ts. and v. Tompkins co. N. Y., 37 m. S. from Auburn, 170 m. W. from Al bany. The village contains a number of churches, mills, clothing works, 2 tanneries, and about 50 dwellings. This is a beauti ful village as to position, and its buildings are very neat. Pop. 5,446. DUANESBURG, ts. and v. Schenectady co. N. Y., 23 m. NW. from Albany. The village contains 2 taverns, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Pop. 2,357. DUBLIN, ts. Cheshire co. N. H., 12 m. DUB DUN 285 ESE. from Keene, 50 SW. from Concord. It lies on the N. side of Grand Monadnock, and joins upon Jaffrey. Pop. 1,075. DUBLIN, t. Hareford co. Md., 78 m. from W. C., and 63 from Annapolis. DUBLIN, t. and cap. Laurens co. Geor gia, on the SW. branch of the Oconee, 45 m. S. from MilleJgeville, 720 m. from W. C. It contains a court-house, a jail, and about 40 houses. DUBLIN, v. Franklin co. Ohio, on the right bank of Scioto river, 12 m. NW. from Columbus, contains several mills built upon the river. Pop. about 120. DUBLIN, v. Bucks co. Pa., 7 m. NW. from Doyle stown. DUBLIN, v. S. part of Iowa co. Wis., S. from Mineral Point. DUBLIN, v. Junius ts. Seneca co. N. Y. DUBOIS, or Lake of the Woods, lake of British N. America, W. from lake La Pluie, or lake Rain. The river La Pluie flows from the latter to the former. The dis charge of the lake of the Woods is again into lake Winnipeg. The NW. boundary of the U. S. on N. Lat. 49 intersects the W. bank of the lake of the Woods. DUBOIS, co. Ind., bounded by Perry SE. Spencer S. Warwick SW. Pike W. Davies NW. Owen N. and Orange and Crawford E., length 20 m., mean width 18 m. Pop. 3,632. Portersville, chief town. DUBUQUE, co. Iowa, on the Missis sippi river. Dubuque is the chief town. Pop. 3,059. DUBUQUE, t. Dubuque co. Iowa, on the Mississippi. It is one of the largest towns in Iowa, and is rapidly increasins. DUBUQUE'S LEAD-MINES/Miso., the name of a tract of country commencing 60 m. below Prairie du Chien, and extending about 20 miles along the W. bank of the Mississippi by 9 in depth. It contains rich lead-mines. DUCHAT, small r. Indiana, flows from the N. into the Wabash, between Fort Har rison and Tippecanoe creek. DUCHENE, r. Lower Canada, runs from the N. into the St. Lawrence opposite Isle Jesus. Long. 71 54' W. Lat. 46 45' N. DUCK, r. Tennessee, which rises in Franklin co. and flows W. by N. through Bedford, Maury, Hickman, and Humphreys cos., and on W. side of the last joins the Tennessee, about 80 m. W. from Nashville. It is navigable for boats 90 miles. DUCK CREEK, r. Del., which runs into Delaware bay. DUCK CREEK, r. Ohio, which flows in to the Ohio, 1 m. above Marietta. DUCK CREEK, v. Brown co. Wis., a small village of some 10 or 15 houses. DUCK ISLANDS, two small islands in the Atlantic, near the coast of Maine. Lon. 64 4' W. Lat. 44 10' N. DUCK ISLANDS, Upper Canada, in lake Ontario, near its outlet, with a good harbor. DUCK ISLAND, small island near the coast of Maine. Lon.6743 ; W. Lat. 4445' N. DUCK RIVER, small r. Michigan, which flows into the west side of Green-bay, about 3 miles from Fort Howard. DUDLEY, ts. Worcester co. Mass. ; 18 m. SSW. from Worcester, 55 SW. from Bos ton, 380 from W. C. Its manufactures are- woollen goods, leather, shoes, scythe snaths, chairs, and cabinet ware. The value of wool grown amounts annually to about $1,500. Pop. 1,352. DUDLEY ISLAND, island in Passama- quoddy bay, Maine, belonging to Eastport. DUFF'S FORKS, v. Fayette co. Ohio, 18 m. from Circleville, 28 from Chillicothe, and 12 from Washington, the county seat. DUGDOMONI, the western branch of the Octahoola, Louisiana. DUKE'S, co. Mass. It comprises Mar tha's Vineyard and the Elizabeth Islands. Pop. 3,958. Chief town, Edgartown. DULCE, r. of N. America, in Costa Rica and Veragua, falls into the gulf of Dulce, after separating the two provinces from which it flows. DULCE, gulf of the Pacific ocean, into which the river Dulce is discharged, Lat. 9 N. DUMFRIES, t. port of entry of Prince William co. Va., on the Quantico, which falls into the Potomac 3 m. below the town ; 33 m. S. from W. C., 88 N. from Richmond. Lon. 77 28' W. Lat. 38 40' N. It contains a meeting-house, a large warehouse, and about 300 buildings ; and has some trade. The Quantico is navigable as far as to the town for boats of 20 tons. At the mouth of the river there is a very handsome and excellent harbor. DUMMER, ts. Coos co. N. H., 95 m N. from Concord, watered by the Ammonoo- suck and Androscoggin. Pop. 57. DUMMERSTON, ts. Windham co. Vt. ; 31 m. E. from Bennington, 5 N. from Brat- tleborough, 431 from W. C. There arc some manufacturing concerns, and a con siderable number of sheep. Pop. 1,263. DUNBARTON, ts. Merrimack co. N. H., on the W. side of the Merrimack, opposite Chester; 18 m. N. from Amherst, 55 W. from Portsmouth. The soil is good, pe culiarly suited for corn, wheat, and orchard ing. Pop. 950. DUNCANS, v. Thomas co. Geo., 240 m. SSW. from Milledgeville, and 890 from W. C. DUNCAN'S CANAL, inlet on an island off the NW. coast of America, in Lat. 56 58' N. DUNCAN'S FALLS, v. Muskingum co. O., on the Muskingum river, 8 and a half m. below Zanesville. Though recently commenced, yet it already indicates that this will ultimately become a place of much importance. DUNCANSVILLE, v. Alleghany ts. Huntingdon co. Pa., 25 m.NW. from Hunt ingdon boro. DUNCANSVILLE, v. Barnwell district, S. C., 623 from W. C. 286 DUN DUR DUNDAFF, v. Susquehannah co. Pa., 148 m. from Harrisburg, 256 from W. C., and 10 m. N. of Carbondale, near the line of Luzerne co. It is a flourishing place, contains 2 churches, several stores, an academy, and various mechanic shops, and is a place of considerable trade and busi ness. DUNDAS ISLAND, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 54 30' N. DUNDAS, co. of Upper Canada, bounded E. by Stormont, SE. by St. Lawrence river, W. by Greenville, and N. by Ottawa river. DUNDEE, v. Starkey ts. Yates co. N. Y., on Seneca lake, 14 m. S. from Penn Yan, contains a number of churches, 1 grist, 4 saw-mills, 4 carding and cloth dress ing-mills, a tannery, between 70 and 80 dwellings, and is a place of much business. DUNGENESS, New, point, on the NW. coast of America, at the entrance of the gulf of New Georda. Lat. 48 15' N. DUNHAM, t. Bedford co. L. C., on the SW. branch of the Yamaska. It is a fer tile tract of country. Pop. 1,700. DUNKIRK, v. Chatauque co. N. Y., on lake Erie, 7 m. from the head of Casada lake, 44 m. from Buffalo, has a harbor of 8 or 9 feet, several stores and taverns, and about 60 dwellings ; the village thrives ra pidly. DUNKIRK, t. King and Queen co. Va., 25 m. from Port-royal, 116 from W. C. DUNKIRK, v. SE. part of Dane co. Wis., on the River of the Four Lakes. DUNKLIN'S, v. Laurens co. S. C., 57m. from Raleigh, and 505 from W. C. DUNLAPSVILLE, v. on E. branch of White Water river, Union co. In., 50 m. NW. from Cincinnati, and 83 a little S. of E. from Indianapolis. DUNKSVILLE,v. between Philadelphia and Bristol, 18 m. from the former place. DUNNING STREET, v. Saratoga co. N. Y., 30 m. from Albany, 4 SE. from Ballston- Spa, a small but pleasant village. DUNNSTOWN, v. Dunstable ts. Ly- coming co. Pa., on the W. branch of the Susquehannah river, 24 m. from Williams- port. DUNSTABLE, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., on the S. side of the Merrimack, 37 m. NW. from Boston, 18 N. by W. from Con cord ; some part of it is good, but generally it is light and sandy. Pop. 603. DUNSTANVILLE, v. Edgefield district, S. C., 67 m. W. from Columbia. DUNWICK, t. Middlesex co. U. C., on lake Erie. DUNWICH, t. U. C., co. of Suffolk, lies to the W. of Southwold, having the river Thames for its N. and lake Erie for its S. boundary. DUPAGE, r. rises in two forks, which unite in the settlement of Fountaindale. After the junction it runs a SW. course through groves and prairies, and enters the Des Planes three miles above its junction with the Kankakee. DUPAGE, lake, In., is the expansion of the river Des Planes, 5 miles before it meets the Kankakee. DUPAGE, co. II., a new county. Pop. 3,535, seat of justice not settled. DUPLIN, co. in Wilmington district, N. C., Pop. 11,182. Chief town, Kenansville. At the C. H. is a post-office, 55 m. N. from Wilmington. DUPREESVILLE, v. Northampton co. N. C. 206 m. from W. C. DURANGO, v. Dubuque co. Iowa, on the Little Macoquetois river, W. from Du buque. DURHAM, ts. Strafford co. N. H., 8 m. NW. from Portsmouth, 32 E. by S. from Concord, and 7 S. from Dover. The situa tion of this township upon the Piscataquis and its branches is very favorable, both as to water power and transportation. Pop. 1,488. DURHAM, ts. Cumberland co. Me., 25 m. N. from Portland, 31 SW. from Augusta, watered by the Androscoggin river. Farm ing is the principal occupation of the in habitants. Pop. 1,886. DURANT'S BAY, inlet on the coast of N. C., in Albemarle sound. Lon. 76 16' W. Lat. 35 40' N. DURANT'S ISLAND, small isl. in Albe marle sound, N. C. Lon. 76 15' W. Lat. 35 46' N. DURANT'S POINT, cape, on the coast of N. C., in Albemarle sound. Lon 76 30' W. Lat. 36 5' N. DURANGO, an intendency of Mexico. It is bounded N. by New Mexico, E. by San Luis Potosi, S. by Zacatecas ana Guadalaxara, and W. by Sonora. It con tains 129,947 sq. ms. and only 159,700 in habitants. DURANGO, t. Mexico, in the intenden cy of Durango. It is the residence of the intendent and of a bishop ; 170 leagues NW. from the city of Mexico. Pop. 12,000. DURHAM, t. Buckingham co. L. C., between Wickham and Melborne, 60 m. E. from Montreal. DURHAM, ts. Greene'co. N. Y., 20 m. NW. from Athens, and 24 NW. from Alba ny; drained by the Catskill, and contains the villages of Durham, S. Durham, Corn- wallisville, Winansville, and Oak Hill, at each of which is a post-office. Pop. 2,813. DURHAM, northern t. of Bucks co. Pa., on the W. side of the river Delaware, 12 m. S. from Easton. Pop. 526. DURHAM, t. Middlesex co. Ct., 7 m. S. from Middletown, 18 NE. from New Ha ven. Some of the inhabitants of this ts. presented two oxen to General Washington, at Valley Forge, one of which weighed 2,270 pounds. They furnished a dinner for all the officers of the American army at that place, and all their servants. Pop. 1,095. DURHAM CREEK, r. Pa. which runs into the Delaware, Lon. 75 15' W. Lat. 40 35' N. DURHAMVILLE, v. Verona ts. Oneida co. N. Y., on the Erie canal, 30 m. W. from Utica by the canal ; has an extensive water power derived from the Erie canal, a grist mill, several saw-mills, stores, and about 50 dwellings. DUTCHESS, co. N. Y., on the E. side of the Hudson, bounded N. by Columbia co. E. by Connecticut, S. by Putnam co, and W. by the Hudson, which separates it from Orange and Ulster counties. Pop. in 1830, 50,926, and in 1840,52,398. Chief town, Poughkeepsie. DUTCH HILL, settlement in the SE. part of St. Clair co. II. The land is good, mixed with timber and prairie. DUTCH NECK, v. West Windsor ts. Mercer co. N. J., 18 in. SW. from Trenton. DUTCH SETTLEMENT, Union co. II., near Jonesboro, on the south ; contains a tavern and 3 or 4 stores. DUTOTSBURG, t. Northampton co. Pa. DUTTON, v. Penobscot co. Maine, 135 m. NE. from Portland. DUTYSVILLE, v. Sumner co. Ten. DUVAL, co. Florida, bounded N. and NW. by Nassau, E. by the Atlantic and St. John's river, S. by St. John's river and Ala- chua, and W. by Alachua and Columbia cos. Jacksonville is the seat of justice. Pop. 4,156. DUXBURY, t. Plymouth co. Mass., 10 m. N. from Plymouth, 29 SE. from Boston. A number of vessels are owned here, and employed in the coasting trade and the fishe ries. The woollen cloth, leather, boots, shoes, salt, iron, brass castings, and tin ware, manufactured in this township, amount an nually to about $100,000. Pop. 2,789. DUXBURY, ts. Washington co. Vt., on Onion river, 13 m. W. from Montpelier. Pop. 820. DWIGHT, v. Pope co. Arkansas, a mis sionary station among the Cherokees, estab lished in 1820 by the American Board of Foreign Missions. Il is on the W. bank of the Illinois r. which empties into the Arkan sas 4 m. below, and is navigable for keel- boats to Dwight. The site of the settlement is a small eminence, at the foot of which is sues a large spring of pure water. The lands on both sides of the river are fertile, and there is a good mill-seat in the vicinity. Houses are erected for the accommodation of the mission family, and a school is opened. It is 200 m. above the town of Arkansas, 130 above Little Rock, 500, as the river runs, from the mouth of the Arkansas, 100 below Fort Smith. DYERSBURG, t. and cap. Dyer co. Ten., 168 m.W. from Nashville, on Forked Deer r. Contains a court-house, jail, a church, vari ous mechanic shops, and about 20 dwell ings. DYER'S ISLAND, in the head of the bay of Quinte, lies to the eastward of Mis- sassasa Island, U. C. DYER, co. of Ten., bounded N. by Obion, E. by Gibson, S. by Haywood and Tipton DUE EAS 287 cos., and W. by the Mis. river. Dyersburg is the seat of justice. Pop. 4,484. E. EAGLE HARBOR, v. Gaines ts. Or leans co. N. Y., on the Erie canal, 3 m. W. from Albion ; has several stores, warehouses, and 15 or 20 dwellings. EAGLE, pts. Brown co. Ohio, 15 m. N. from Georgetown, on the road to Hillsbo- rough. EAGLE CREEK, r. Ohio, which flows into the Ohio, 10 m. below Maysville, Ken. EAGLE LAKE, a large lake in Penob scot co. Me., between the Aroostook and St. John's rivers. EAGLE RIVER, a river of N. America, which runs into the Mississippi. Lon. 92 14' W. Lat. 43 50' N. EAGLEVILLE, v. in Manlius, N. Y., li m. E. from Manlius village. EAGLEVILLE, t. Alabama, on the Tom- bigbee, just below the junction of the Black Warrior. It is the chief town of a French settlement, and is pleasantly situated in a very fertile country. EAGLE VILLAGE, v. SE. corner of Boone co. Ind. EARDLEY, t. York co. L. C., on Ottawa r. NW. of Montreal. EARLY, co. Geo., bounded N. by Ran dolph, E. by Baker, S. by Decatur, and W. by Alabama state. Chief town, Blakely. Pop. 5,444. EARLEYSVILLE, v. Potter ts. Centre co. Pa., 8 m. SE. from Bellefonte. EARLSVILLE, v. Anderson dist. S. C., 35 m. NW. by W. from Columbia. EARLVILLE, v. Sherburn ts. Chenango co. N. Y., on the Chenango river and canal, 16 m. N. from Norwich, has a church, select school, several taverns, 6 or 7 stores, and about 30 dwellings. EARTHQUAKE LAKE, lake, Missouri, about 40 m. W. from New Madrid. It is about 20 miles long. EAST BAY, in Adolphustown, bay of Quinte, U. C., is where the forks of the N. Channel open, descending south-westerly from Hay bay. EAST BERLIN, v. Hamilton ts. Adams co. Pa., on the Conewago creek, 15 m. NE. from Gettysburg. EAST BETHEL, v. Oxford co. Me., 71 in. from Portland. EAST BLOOMFIELD, ts. and v. Onta rio co. N. Y., 6 m. W. from Canandaigua, 203 from Albany. The village has a num ber of churches, taverns, stores, tannery, and about 30 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,986. EAST BRANCH, r. Ohio, which joins the Little Miami, in N. part of Hamilton co. EAST-BRIDGEWATER, v. Plymouth co. Mass., 24 SE. from Boston, and 17 SW. from Plymouth. It has a good water power, on which are manufactories for cotton goods, &c. &c. Pop. 1,950. EAST CENTREVILLE, v. Columbiana co. 0., 12 m. SSW. from New Lisbon. 288 EAS EAST-CHESTER, ts. and v. Westchester co. N. Y., 8 m. S. from White Plains, 20 N. from New York, 132 S. from Albany. The village has several stores, taverns, and about 20 dwellings. Pop. of ts. J,502. EASTERN BAY, bay on E. side of Chesapeake bay. Lat. 38 50' N. EASTERN NECK, isl. E. side of Chesa peake bay, at N. entrance of Chester river, 3* miles Ions:, i broad. EASTERN RIVER, r. Maine, which joins the Kennebeck, at Dresden. EASTERTON, t. Dauphin co. Pa., on E. side of the Susquehannah, 4 m. above Har- risburg. EAST FARMINGTON, v. Oakland co. Mich., 40 m. N. from Detroit. EAST FELICIANA, parish, La., bound ed N. by the Mississippi state line, E. by Amite river, which separates it from St. Helena, S. by E. Baton Rouge, W. by Thompson's cr., which separates it from W. Feliciana. Jackson is the capital. Pop. 10,910. EAST FONDA, v. Mayfield ts. Montgo mery co. N. Y., has a grist and saw-mill, carding and cloth dressing mill, paper-mill, and from 40 to 50 dwellings. EASTHAM, ts. Barnstable co. Mass., on Barnstable bay, 24 m. ENE. from Barnsta ble, 89 SE. from Boston, 519 from W. C. The value of salt, boots, shoes, and palm- leaf hats, annually amounts to about $1 1,000. Pop. 955. EAST FALLS OF MACHIAS, v. Wash ington co. Maine, 5 m. E. from Machias, 786 from W. C. EASTERN DISTRICT, of U. C., bound ed E. by the province of L. C., S. by the river St/Lawrence, N. by the Ottawa r., and W. by a meridian passing through the mouth of the Gananoque river, in Leeds co. EAST GOSHEN, v. Litchfield co. Ct., 6 m. N. from Litchfield. EAST GREENWICH, ts. and cap. Kent co. R. I., on an arm of Narraganset bay, 16 m. S. from Providence, 22 NNW. from New port. It contains a court-house, jail, acade my, and two churches. It is watered by Masachieg and Hunt's rivers, on which are cotton mills, and other manufactories. Pop. 1,509. EAST GUILFORD, v. in Guilford, New Haven co. Ct. EAST HADDAM, ts. Middlesex co. Ct., on the E. side of Connecticut river, 14 m. S. from Middletown, 21 NW. from New Lon don. It contains 4 churches, 3 for Congre- gationalists, and 1 for Episcopalians. Con siderable business is done here in the shad fishery. It is supposed that more leather is made in this, than any other township in the state. This place has fine water privileges, both for navigation and manufactories. It contains 6 cotton mills, two of which manu facture twine. Pop. 2,620. EAST-HAMPTON, ts. Hampshire co. Mass., 5 m. S. from Northampton, 90 m. W. from Boston. Its manufactures consist of lasting buttons, cotton goods, leather, boots and shoes to a large amount. Pop. 717. EAST-HAMPTON, ts. and v. Suffolk co. N. Y., SE. part of Long Island, 110 m. E. from New York, 347 from W. C. It in- eludes Montauk and Gardner's island. Clin ton academy is in this township. It is a re spectable seminary. The village extends along the road about !> miles, having about 100 plain dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,076. EAST HARTFORD, ts. Hartford co. Ct., on the E. side of Connecticut river, opposite Hartford, with which it is connected by a bridge. It contains 4 churches, 2 for Con- gregationalists, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists. Here are numerous mills and manufactories. About three-fourths of a mile from the river is a wide street, com pactly settled, with a row of stately elms in the middle, extending 2 m. Pop. 2,389. EAST-HAVEN, ts. Essex co. Vt., 45 m. NE. from Montpelier, watered by Mocse and Pasumpsic rivers. The land is mountainous, and most of it unfit for cultivation. Pop. 79. EAST-HAVEN, ts. New Haven co. Ct.,4 m. E. from New Haven. It has navigable privileges, and is watered by Quinnipiac river. It has some trade, but the principal employment of the inhabitants is agriculture and fishing. Pop. 1,382. EAST ISL AND, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Maine. Lat. 32 N. EAST KINGSTON, t. Rockingham co. N. H., 22 m. SW. from Portsmouth, and 20 SE. by E. from Concord. It is watered by Powow river. Pop. 551. EAST LIBERTY, v. Perry ts. Logan co. O., 11 m. from Bellefontaine, and 43 from Columbus. EAST LIBERTY, v. Dunbar ts. Fayette co. Pa., llm. NE. from Uniontown. EAST LIBERTY, v. Pitt ts. Alleghany co. Pa., 6 m. E. from Pittsburg. EAST LIVERPOOL, v. Columbiana co. 0., on the bank of the Ohio river, 4 m. be low the state line of Penn.,has a number cf stores, taverns, steam saw-mill, and grist mill, boat yard, 3 commission warehouses, and a number of mechanics of various pro fessions. The future prospects of this vil lage are very flattering. It contains about 500 inhabitants. EAST MACHIAS, ts. Washington co. Me., 23 m. ENE. from Eastport, and 149 E. by N. from Augusta. It has a great water power, a large number of mills, and a very pleasant village. EAST MAIN, part of New Britain, on the peninsula of Labrador; lies along the E. shore of James' bay. EAST MAIN HOUSE, one of the British stations for Indian fur trade, stands on a river flowing into James' bay. Lat. 52 15' N. EAST MONROE, v. Fnirfield ts. High land co. 0., 12 m. from Hillsborough, the county seat, and 6 from Greenfield, has a grist and saw-mill, about 60 inhabitants, &.c. EAS EAT 289 EAST NEW MARKET, v. Dorchester co. Md., on the Nanticoke river, 16 m. E. of Cambridge. EASTON, ts. Bristol co. Mass., 22 m. S. from Boston, and 10 N. by W. from Taun- ton. Its manufactures consist of cotton and woollen goods, pig iron, iron castings, wire, boots, shoes, shovels, spades, forks, hoes, cutlery, palm-leaf hats, straw bonnets, sur veyors' instruments, and shoe pegs. Annual amount, $300,000. Pop. 2,074. EASTON, bor. and cap. Northampton co. Pa., is pleasantly situated on the Delaware, at the mouth of the Lehigh, 12 m. NE. from Bethlehem, 58 m. N. from Philadelphia. Pop. 4,865. It is regularly laid out and contains a court-house, jail, academy, 2 banks, several spacious and elegant church es, numerous stores, and various mechanic shops. Lafayette college was established in this place in 1832. It is on a high hill to the north of the town, and commands a de lightful view of it and the Delaware. There is a bridge over the Delaware at this place, f>70 feet long. The Delaware, Morris, and Lehigh canals unite at this place. It is 190 in. from W. C> EASTON, t. and cap. Talbot co. Md., is on Treadhaven creek, 12 m. above its junc tion with the Choptank, 42 ESE. from An napolis, 37 from Chester. It is the largest town on the E. shore of Maryland, and a place of considerable business. It contains a bank; academy, arsenal, court-house, jail, two printing-offices, and 4 houses for public worship; 1 for Methodists, 1 for Episco palians, 1 for Friends, and 1 for blacks. Population about 2,000. It is 84 m. from W. C. EAST WINDSOR, ts. Hartford co. Ct., 8 m. N. from Hartford. This is an excel lent township of land. Its extensive mea dows on the E. side of Connecticut river are of uncommon fertility and beauty. Pop. 3,600. EAST PALESTINE, v. in the E. part of Columbiana co. 0., 164 m. NE. of Colum bus ; has several stores, taverns, 6 or 7 me chanic shops, and 15 or 2() dwellings. EASTPORT, v. tnd port of entry, Washington co. Me., at the mouth of Cobs- cook river, 280 m. NE. from Portland, 176 E. from Augusta, on the eastern boundary of the U. S. ; it is on the island of Moose. The tide rises here 25 feet. This town is extensively engaged in the fisheries; its shipping exceeds 7,000 tons. Pop. in 1820, 1,937, in 1830, 2,450, and in 1840, 2,876. EASTPORT, v. Lauderdale co. Ala., ill m. N. from Tuscaloosa. EASTPORT, v. Mill Is. Tuscarawas co. O., 10 or 15 m. SE. from New Philadel phia. EAST PULTNEY, a small river, rising in Rutland co. Vt., which enters lake Cham- plain at Whitehall, and from that place to the village of Pultney, separates N. York from Vermont. EAST RIVER, r. or rather a channel or M 1 sound, between Long Island and New York Island, and between Long Island and the state of Connecticut, where it is more gen erally called Long Island Sound. EAST RIVER, port of entry, Va. Amount of shipping, 1,788 tons. EAST RIVER, Florida, runs into Pensa- cola Bay. EASTV1LLE, v. on the E. shore of Vir ginia, in Northampton co., 164 m. from Richmond. EASTWOODFORD, v. Union district, S. C., 116 m. NNW. from Columbia. EASTVILLE, v. and cap. Northampton co. Va., contains a court-house, jail, and about 15 houses. EATON, co. Mich., bounded N. by Ionia and Clinton, E. by Ingham, S. by Jackson and Calhoun, and W. by Barry co., about 100 m. W. from Detroit. Bellevue is the county-town. Pop. 2,379. EATON, v. St. Charles co. Miso., on the Missouri river. EATON, t. Buckingham co. L. C., 84 m. SSE. from Three Rivers. EATON, ts. Carroll co. N. H., on Ossipee lake, 60m.NE. from Concord, and 55 NNE. from Dover. There are several small ponds in this township of some beauty. Population, 1,710. EATON, ts. and v. Madison co. N. Y., on the head of Chenango r. 30 m. SW. from Uti- ca, and 123 W. from Albany, contains a num ber of beautiful villages. The village of Eaton, 4 m. S. from Morrisville, and 3 from the Chenango canal, has several stores, churches, a high school, a grist, and 3 saw mills, one cotton mill, a scythe factory, and about 100 dwellings, many of which are re markably neat. Pop. of ts. 3,409. EATON, t. and seat of justice, Preble co. Ohio. The village is seated near a quarter of a mile from Old Fort St. Clair, 34 m. W. from Dayton, and 50 N. from Cincinnati. It has a great water power on Seven Mile creek, on which are erected grist and saw mills, fulling mill, machine factory, gnu barrel factory, &c. The village also con tains about 30 mechanical shops, 15 stores, 3 public offices, court-house and jail, Jd tanneries, a number of pork houses, and about 1,000 inhabitants. EATON'S BUSH, v. Fairfield ts. Herki- mer co. N. Y., 5 m. NE. from Herkimer, has a church, store, tavern, and about 20 dwellings. EATON'S NECK, the N. extremity of Huntington, in Suffolk co. on Long Island, N. Y., where a light-house is erected. EATON'S NECK LIGHT-HOUSE, Hun tington, Suffolk co. N. Y., on Long Island. It is situated on a point of land N. from Huntington Bay, on Long Island Sound, 40 m. ENE. from New York, and nearly opposite Norwalk in Connecticut. EATONTON, t. and cap. Putnam co. Geo., in a very healthy situation. It con tains a court-house, jail, academy, and a church, which is erected on the academy 290 EAT- EDG square, and is open to Christians of every denomination. The academy consists of 2 handsome 2 story buildings, 150 yards apart, one for males and the other for females, and has a library and philosophical appara tus. It is 22 m, NW. from Milledgeville, and 650 from W. C. EATONTOWN, v. Monmouth co. N. J., 1 m. from the town of Shrewsbury, 48 from Trenton, and 213 from W. C., on a branch of Swimming river, has a grist-mill, 5 or 6 stores, and about 30 dwellings. EAYRSTOWN, v. Northampton ts. Bur lington co. N. J., on the S. branch of Ran- cocus creek, 3 and a half m. SW. from Mount Holly; has a cotton factory, grist mill, fulling-mill, and 15 or 20 dwellings. EBENEZER, creek, Geo., runs SE. and falls into Savannah river, at Ebenezer. EBENEZER, t. Effingham co. Geo., on Savannah river, 25 m. NNW. from Savan nah, 140 m. from Milled:eville, and 660 from W. C. It was settled in 1735, by Protes tants from Germany. EBENEZER ISLAND, small island in the Savannah, near Purysburg. EBENSBURG, t. and cap. Cambria co. Pa,, 53 m. W. from Huntingdon, 75 E. from Pittsburg, 130 from Harrisburg, and 178 from W. C. Contains the usual county buildings, 2 churches, several stores, and va rious mechanic shops, and is a place of con siderable importance. ECHORE FABRE, t. and cap. Union co. Ark., on the Washitaw ; contains some 15 or 20 houses. ECKFORD, v. Calhoun co. Michigan, 100 m. W. of Detroit, near the Kalamazoo river ; a small village of about 20 houses. ECONOMY, v. Erie co. Pa., 96 m. N. from Pittsburg; is a small village of some 1 5 or 20 houses. ECONOMY, v. Wayne co. Ind., 7 m. E. from Indianapolis, and 525 from W. C.; contains 10 or 12 houses. ECONOMY, a beautiful little village in Beaver co. Pa., on the Ohio, a few miles below Pittsburg., -It is inhabited solely by the sect of Harmonists under the celebrated Rapp. The village is regularly laid out with wide and rectangular streets. The houses are mostly of wood. The inhabitants are Germans, and are very industriously occu pied in manufactures and husbandry. They have a woollen and cotton manufactory, with steam machinery on a large scale, also brew eries, distilleries, lanyards, &c. The build ings for these are generally of brick. Here is also a handsome church, and a spacious building with a hall for concerts, a museum, a mineralosical collection, a mathematical school, a library, and a school for drawing. Considerable attention is paid to the cul tivation of grapes, and close to the village is a hill covered with vineyards. All their property is heH in common. They carry on an extensive trade with the neighboring country, and are in a very thriving condi tion. Pop. about 800. EDDINGTON, ts. Penobscot co. Me., on Penobscot r. 5 m. E. from Bangor. The soil of the township is good and well adapted to the growth of wheat. Pop. 595. EDDYVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Caldwell co. Ken., on the right bank of Cumberland river, 22 m. SE. by E. from Smithland on the Ohio, and 44 NW. from Clarksville, in Ten. ; contains a court-house, jail, an academy, 2 churches, several stores, and is a place of some trade, EDDYVILLE, v. Esopus and Kingston ts. Ulster co. N. Y., at the head of sloop navigation, on the Rondout creek, at the termination of the Hudson and Delaware canal, 4 m. from the mouth of the creek. There is a water power in this village, that serves to drive a large number of mills of various kinds. Here is also the collector's office, 3 large warehouses, stores, taverns, pottery, &c. &c. Pop. about 200. EDEN, v. Hancock co. Me., on the island of Mount Desert, 40 m. SSE. from Bangor, 163 NE. by E. from Portland; a good agri cultural township. It has been that 500 bushels of cranberries have been picked in this township in one year. Pop. 1,054. EDEN, ts. and v. Erie co. N. Y., 268 m. W. from Albany. The township is rapidly growing in population, many Germans and Swi^s crowding into it. Pop. 2,174. ' EDEN, ts. Lamoile co. Vt., 30 n. N. from Montpelier. It is watered by Green river and Wild branch. Several ponds in this township afford sood fishing. Pop. 703. EDENBURG, v. East Union ts. Wayne co. O., SE. from Wooster; a small village. EDENBURG, v. Johnson co. In., 27 m. from Indianapolis. EDEN'S ISLAND, small island in the Atlantic, near the coast of S. C. EDENTON, s-p. and cap. Chowan co. N. C., at the head of Edenton bay, which sets up from Albemarle sound, 66 m. S. from Norfolk, 99 NNE. from Newbern, 139 SE. from Petersburg, Va., 192 NNE. from Wil mington, 284 from W. C. Lon. 57 7' W. Lat. 36 N. It contains an elegant court house, a jail, a banjf, and an Episcopal church. It is advantageously situated for trade, but the climate/is unhealthy. A news paper is published here. Pop. 1,500. EDGAR, co. II., bounded N. by Vermil- lion co., E. by the state line of Indiana, S. by Clark, and W. by Coles. It contains much prairie land in the western and southern part, the remainder is tolerably well timbered. The soil is generally fer tile. Paris is the capital. Pop. in 1835, 6,668, and in 1840, 8,225. EDGARTOWN, s-p. and cap. Duke's co. Mass., on E. part of Martha's Vineyard, 14 m. from the main, 87 m. S. from Boston, 500 from W. C. Lat. 41 25' N. Pop. 1,736. It is sometimes called Old Town. Near Old Town Harbor there is a handsome village, containing a court-house, a jail, and meeting-house, and 100 houses. It has considerable shipping. EDG EFF 291 EDGECOMBE, cape of King George's Island. W. coast of N. America. EDGECOMBE, co. central part of N. C., bounded N. by Halifax, E. by Martin and Pitt, S. by Wayne and Green, and W. by Nash cos. Chief town, Tarborough. Pop. 15,708. EDGECOMBE, ts. Lincoln co. Me., op posite Wiscasset, on Sheepscot river, 26 m. SSE..from Augusta. This township enjoys great facilities for navigation, the fisheries, ship-builJing, and lumber business. It is a place of considerable trade. Pop. 1,238. EDGEFIELD, district of S. C., bounded by Savannah river NW. Abbeville NE. Newbury N. and Lexington, Orange, and Barnwell SE. Length 46 m,, mean width 40. Chief town, Edgefield. Pop. in 1830, 30,511, and in 1840/32,852. EDGEFIELD, v. and cap. Edgefield dist., S. C., 57 m. SW. from Columbia, 557 from W. C. EDINBOROUGH, v. Montgomery co. N. C., 97 m. SW. by W. from Raleigh. EDINBURG, v. Mahoning t. Mercer co. Pa., 14 m. from Mercer borough. EDINBURG, v. Shelby co. Ind., on Blue river, 30 m. SSE. from Indianapolis. EDINBURG, t. in the SE. part of Sange- mon co. II., 28 m. SE. from Springfield, has several stores, and about 20 families. EDINBURG, v. West Windsor ts. Mercer co. N. J., on the Assunpink cr., 8 m. E. from Trenton, has a church, store, tavern, grist-mill, and 12 or 15 dwellings. EDINBURG, ts. and v. Saratoga co. N. Y., 26 m. N. from Ballston, 50 WNW. from Albany. The soil is good, consisting of stiff loam. The village has several stores, Errist-mill, and several mechanic shops. Pop. of ts. 1,458. EDINBURGH, t. Dearborn co. In., half a mile from the Ohio, and near Lawrenceburg. EDINBURGH, t. Elbert co. Geo., on Savannah river. EDINBURGH, pts. Portasre co. Ohio, 6 m. SE.from Ravenna, 140 NE.from Colum bus, has a number of churches, stores, tav erns, and about 1,000 inhabitants. EDISTO, v. Orange co. S. C., 577 m. from W. C. EDISTO, considerable river of S. Caro lina, which rises in the district of Edgefield, and after running in a SE. direction between Barnwell and Orangeburgh, enters Colleton, and falls into the ocean by two separate outlets in Lat. 32 25' N. EDISTO, island of Georgia, formed by the two outlets of Edisto river. It is sepa rated from Wadmelau island, by N. Edisto, and is fertile and well cultivated. EDMESTON, ts. and v. Otsego co. N. Y., 20 m. W. from Cooperstown, 84 from Albany. It contains a grist-mill, and 6 or 8 dwellings. Pop. of 18^1,907. EDMONDS, t. Washington co. Me., W. from Colecook bay. Pop. 259. EDMONDSON, co. Ky., bounded NW. and N. by Grason, E. by Hart, and S. and SW. by Warren co. It is watered by Green river, which passes through it, and several of its branches. Chief town, Brownsville. Pop. 2,914. EDMONTON, v. Barren co. Ky., 114 m. SW. from Frankfort. EDNAM, v. near Poughkeepsie, Dutchess co. N. Y., on Wappingers creek, has about 30 dwellings, a cotton factory of 2,400 spin dles, 90 looms, making 500,000 yards of shirting per annum. EDWARDS, co. II., bounded N. by Clay and Lawrence, E. by Wabash co., S. by White, and W. by Wayne. It is watered by the Little Wabash, Bon Pas, and their branches, and contains a considerable por tion of prairie land, most of which is very fertile. Albion is the county town. Pop. in 1835, 2,006, and in 1840, 3,070. EDWARDSBURG, t. of Cass co. Mich., 169 m. from Detroit, and 643 from Wash ington, is situated in the SW. part of the state; contains some 15 or 20 dwellings. EDWARDSBURG, t. Greenville co. U. C., on St. Lawrence river, 67 m. NE. from Kingston. EDWARDSVILLE,^l^^fcp. Madison co. II., 15 m. NNE. fronPHihokia, 75 N. from Kaskaskia, 836 from W. C. It is situated in a very fertile country, and con tains a land office, a bank, a court-house, and jail of brick, 8 or 10 stores, a number of taverns, lawyers, a castor oil factory, various mechanics, and about 75 families. The inhabitants are generally industrious, intelligent and moral. EDWARDSVILLE, v. Salem ts. Warren co. 0., 83 m. SW. from Columbus, 13 SW. from Wilmington, a small village, and con tains not more than a dozen families. EDWARDSVILLE, v. Edwards ts. St, Lawrence co. N. Y., on the Oswegatchie r. EFFINGHAM, co. L. C., extends from the Ottawa river, opposite Isle Jesus, in a NE. direction between York and Leinster counties. It lies NW. from Montreal. EFFINGHAM, ts.Carroll co. N. H. ; 58 m. NE. from Concord. There are several mountains of considerable elevation in this township. The Ossipee river passes through it, over which is a toll-bridge. Pop. 1,195. EFFINGHAM, co. Geo./between Savan nah and Great Ogeechee rivers, and bound ed S. by Chatham, W. by Great Ogeechee river, NW. by Scriven. and NE. and E. by Savannah river. Length 26 m., width 18. Chief town, Springfield. Pop. in 1830,2,969, in 1840, 3,075. EFFINGHAM, v. Bedford co. Ten., 58 m. S. from Nashville. EFFINGHAM, co. II., bounded N. by Shelby and Coles, E. by Jasper, S. by Clay, and W. by Fayette. Its centre is about 35 m. E. from Vandalia. It is watered by the Little Wabash and its tributaries, and con tains good second rate land, nearly level. The bottom lands on the Wabash are heavily timbered. Ewineton is the capital. Pop. in 1835, 1,055, in 1840, 1,675. 292 EGG ELI EGGHARBOR, Great, inlet and river, N. J. The river forms the boundary be tween Cape May and Atlantic counties, and runs into the inlet, in Lat. 39 22' N. It is navigable 20 m. for vessels of 200 tons. EGGHARBOR, Great, s-p. and port of entry, Atlantic co. N. J., on the sea-coast, at the mouth of Eggharbor river, 60 m. from Philadelphia. It has considerable shipping. EGGHARBOR, Little, inlet, N. J., lies 17 in. N. from Great Eggharbor inlet. It receives Mulicus creek, which is navigable 20 m. for vessels of 60 tons. EGGHARBOR, Little, s-p. and port of en try, Burlington co. N. J., on the sea-coast, 60 m. from Philadelphia. The compact part of the town is called Clamtown. EGG ISLAND, isl. on the E. side of Dela ware bay, in Cumberland co. N. J. EGG ISLAND, small island on E. coast of Virginia, at the mouth of York river. EGMONT BAY, on the SW. coast of the island of St. John, in the gulf of the St. Lawrence. Lon. 64 W. Lat. 46 30' N. EGMONT ISLAND, in the gulf of Mexi co, on the W. coast of Florida. Lon. 82 55' W. Lat. 27 54jp. EGREMOWffs. Berkshire co. Mass., 15 m. SSW. from Lenox, 140 W. from Boston, a mountainous township, watered by a branch of the Housatonic river. Its manu factures consist of wheat flour, leather, boots, shoes, harnesses, stone, (sawed,) chairs and cabinet-ware. 'Annual amount about $30,000. Pop. 1,038. EIGHTEEN MILE CREEK, r. O.,which flows into the Ohio 18 m. below Gallipolis. ELBA, ts. Genesee co. N. Y., 250 m. W. from Albany, 7 N. from Batavia, drained on the N. by Oak Orchard creek, flowing through the Tonawanta swamp, which has a width here of about 2 miles, and contains a number of pleasant villages. Pop. 3,161. ELBERT, co. N. part of Georgia; bounded N. and W. by Franklin co. E. by S. C., S. by Wilkes, Oglethorp, and Madison cos. Pop. in 1830, 12,354, and in 1840, 11,125. Chief towns, Elberton and Petersburg. ELBERTON, t. Elbert co. Georgia, on S. side of the Savannah ; 23 m. NW. from Pe tersburg, 655 from W. C. It is the seat of justice for the county. ELBERTON, t. Effingham co. Georgia, on NE. side of the Ogeechee ; 48 m. NW. from Savannah, 55 SE. from Louisville. ELBRIDGE, ts. and v. Onondaga co. N. York, 169 m. from Albany. The village, l5 m.W. from Syracuse, has 1 grist,! saw, 1 card ing, and cloth-dressing mills, several taverns, stores, and about 60 dwellings. Pop. ts. 4,647. ELDERTON, v. Armstrong co. Pa. ; 190 m. W. from Harrisburg. ELDRIDGE, v. Buckingham co. Va. ; 82 m. W. from Richmond. ELDRIDGE, v. Huron co. O., 8 m. E. from Norwalk, on the road to Cleveland. ELGIN, v. Lyndon ts. Cattaraugus co. N. Y., 20 m. E. from Ellicottville, a small vil lage of some 15 or 20 dwellings. ELGIN, t. M'Henry co. II., on Fox river, a small village containing 10 or 12 houses, ELIZABETH, v. Alfeghany co. Pa., on E. side of the Monongahela, about 18 m. SSE. from Pittsburg. ELIZABETH, v. Miami co. Ohio, a small village, with 8 or 10 dwellings. ELIZABETH, t. Leeds co. U. Canada, opposite Morristown, St. Lawrence co, N. Y. ELIZABETH, ts. and v. and seat of just ice, Essex eo. N. Y., on Bouquet river, 130^ m. N. from Albany. The mountains have points of considerable elevation. The Giant of the valley rises 1,200 feet above the level of the plain. The village contains the court-house, jail, fire-proof clerk's office, state arsenal of brick, and 30 or 40 dwell ings. Pop. of ts. 1,061. ELIZABETH, r. Va., is formed by the union of two branches-, at Norfolk, and flows into Hampton Roads, 8 m. below. It is from 150 to 200 fathoms wide, and at com mon floods has 18 feet water to Norfolk. Its entrance is defended by a fort ; see Craney Island. The canal connecting the waters of Albemarle Sound with Chesapeake bay, communicates with the S. branch of Eliza beth river, 9 m. above Norfolk. ELIZABETH, v. Callaway co. Miso., about 25 m. NE. from Osage, at the mouth of Osage river, and by the post route, 10 in. W. from St. Charles. ELIZABETH, v. Wayne ts. Adams co, O., 8 m. N. from West Union, and 90 S. from Columbus, a small village with 10 or 12 houses. ELIZABETH CAPE, the NE. point at the entrance of Cook's inlet. Lat 59 9' N. There is another cape of this name, on the Main. Lat. 43 22' N. ELIZABETH CITY, t. and seat of just ice, Pasquotank co. N. C., on the right bank of Pasquotank r. 45 m. S. from Nor folk, and 35 NE. from Edenton. Lat, 36 12' N., contains a court-house, jail, a ehurch, several stores, and some 20 or 30 dwellings. ELIZABETH CITY, co. Va., between York and James rivers, having York and Warwick counties on the W. Chief town, Hampton. Pop. in 1830, 5,068, in 1840, 3,706. ELIZABETH ISLANDS, on the S. coast of Mass., between Martha's Vineyard and the main land belonging to Duke's county. Lon. 70 38' 70 56' W. Lat. 41 24' 41 32' N. They are about 16 in number, the principal of which are Nashawn, Pasqui, Nashawenua, Pinequese, and Cuttyhunk. ELIZABETHPORT, v. and port of en try, Essex co. N. J., on Staten Island Sound, 2 m. from Elizabethtown. It contains various manufacturing establishments, a large and elegant hotel, several splendid private dwellings, besides about 50 other houses. The Somerville and Elizabethtown railroad terminates at this port, and a steamboat plies between this port and New York three limes daily. ELI ELL 293 ELIZABETH RIVER, r. N. C., which runs into the Neuse. Lon, 78 18' W. Lat. 33 56' N. ELIZABETHTOWN, t. and bor. Essex co. N. J.76 m, S. from Newark, 15 WSW. from New York, 210 m. from W. C., and 42 from Trenton. Pop. 4,184. Lon. 74 12' W. Lat. 40 38' N. It is pleasantly ?dtuated on a creek, emptying itself into Staten Island Sound, and contains an aca demy, bank, and 4 houses for public worship, for different denominations. Vessels of 20 or 30 tons come up to the town, and those of 200 or 300 tons come as far as Elizabeth- port, 2 m. distant. It has 2 boarding-schools for girls, a classical boarding-school for boys, all in high repute, an oil-mill, grist and saw-mills, 2 large saw-mills for cutting mahogany, 2 large oil cloth manufactories, flax works which break and dress two tons per day, a rope, twine, and cotton bagging factory, driven by steam, tin, sheet iron, and stove factories, besides various mechanic shops of less note. The New Jersey rail road and the Somerville railroad cross each other in this place. ELIZABETHTOWN, t. Lancaster co. Pa., 18 m. NW. from Lancaster, 80 W. by N. from Philadelphia. ELIZABETHTOWN, v. Alleghany co. Pa., on the E. side of Monongahela river, about 12 m. above its junction with the Ohio, arid the same distance S. by E. from Pittsburg. ELIZABETHTOWN, v. and cap. Mar shall co. Va. ELIZABETHTOWN, t. and seat of just ice, Bladen co. N. C., on the right bank of Cape Fear river, 40 m. above Wilmington, and 55 below Fayetteville. Lat. 34 38' N. Lon. from W. C. 1 40' W. ELIZABETHTOWN, t. and seat of just ice, Hardin co. Ken., on the head of Nolin creek, a branch of Green river, 45 m. nearly S. from Louisville. Lat. 37 47' N. Lon. from W. C. 8 35' W. ELIZABETHTOWN. t. and seat of just ice, Carter co. Ten., on the left bank of Watauara river, 130 m. above Knoxville. ELIZABETHTOWN, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, 119 m. SW. from Columbus, 18 W. from Cincinnati. White-water canal passes through this place. It contains several stores and taverns, and 150 inhabitants. ELIZABETHTOWN, t. and cap. Tyrrel eo. N. C., on S. side of Albemarle Sound. It contains a court-house, a jail, and a few houses. ELIZABETHTOWN, t. Ohio co. Va., on E. bank of the Ohio, 12rn. S. from Wheeling. ELIZABETHTOWN, v. Brown ts. Miami co. 0. A small village with 8 or 10 houses. ELIZAVILLE, v. Clermont t. Columbia co. N. Y., on Roelef Jansen's kill, 15 m. & from Hudson, has a store, tavern, grist and plaster-mill, carding and cloth dressing fac tory, and 15 or 20 dwellings. The water power consists of the Roelef Jansen's kill, under a head and fall of 12 feet. ELK, r. Miso., which runs into the Mis sissippi, 4 m. above the Little Falls. It is 40 yards wide at its mouth, and there is a short portage from its waters to the St. An thony. ELK, r. of the E. shore of Maryland, is formed by the union of Big and Little Elk creeks, at Elkton, and flows into the Chesa peake, 13 m. below. ELK, r. rises on the W. side of the Cum berland mountains, in Ten., and flowing SW. into Alabama, joins Tennessee river, a little above the Muscle Shoals, 40 m. WNW. from Creeks crossing-place. ELK, r. of western Va., rises in Randolph co., and flowing W. by comparative courses about 100 m. falls into the great Kenhawa at Charleston. ELK CREEK, Pa., unites with Penn's creek, and falls into the Susquehannah, 5 m. below Sunbury. ELK CREEK, Ohio, runs into the Miami, in Madison, Butler co. ELK GROVE, v. W. part of Iowa co. Wisconsin, SW. from Mineral point. ELKHART, co. Ind., bounded N. by the line of Michigan, E. by La Grange and Noble, S. by Kosciusko, and W. by St. Joseph co. Pulaski is the capital. Pop. 6,660. ELKHART, v. Elkhart co. Ind., on St. Joseph's river, 9 m. NW. from Goshen. ELKHART PLAIN, v. Wabash co. Ind., 196 m. NW. from Indianapolis. ELKHOLM, v. Montgomery co. Miso. 56 m. W. from St. Charles. ELKHORN, r. Ken., runs into Kentucky r. 8 m. below Frankfort, and is 50 yards wide at its mouth. ELKHORN, t. Montgomery co. Miso., a small village of some 10 or 12 houses. ELKHORN, v. Walworth co. Wis. ELK LAKE, between lake of the Woods and lake Superior. Lon. 93 W. Lat. 48 41' N. ELKMARSH, v. Fauquier co. Va. ELKRIDGE LANDING, t. Ann Arun- del co. Md., on the S. bank of the Patapsco, at the falls, 8 m. SW. from Baltimore; noted for its tobacco called kite's foot. ELKTON, t. and cap. Cecil co. Md., at the forks of Elk river, 13m. above its mouth at Turkey point, 12 m. SW. from Christiana bridge, 10 N. from Charlestown, 46 SW. from Philadelphia, 56 NE. from Baltimore. The tide flows up to the town, and there was formerly a brisk trade between Philadel phia and Baltimore, through this place. The village is well built, and the public buildings are a court-house, jail, bank, and Methodist church. ELKTON, v. and seat of justice, Todd co. Ken., 190 ra. NW. from Frankfort. ELLENSVILLE, v. in the southern part of Ulster co. N. Y., at the junction of the Sandbury and Beerkill rivers, and on the canal 28 m. from Milford, has a grist-mill, several saw-mills, a woollen factory, several churches, a trip-hammer, 6 or 8 stores, and about 50 dwellings. 294 ELL ELY ELLEJOY, v. Blount co. Ten., 208 m SW. by W. from Nashville. ELLENTON, v. and cap. Elbert co.Geo. 70 m. NW. from Augusta. ELLERSLIE, v. Harris co. Geo., 776 m from W. C. ELLERY, ts. and v. Chatauque co. N. Y. 342 m. from Albany, and 15 SE. Mayville The village has a church, tavern, store, and i5 or 20 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,242. ELLICOTT, t. Chatauque co. N. Y., SE from Chatauque. Pop. 2,101. ELLICOTTS, or Eleven-mile creek, N Y., runs into the Tonnewanta, at its en trance into Niagara river. ELLICOTT'S CROSS ROADS, v. Cum berland co. Ken. ELLICOTTS MILLS, v. Baltimore co. Md. Here are one of the finest collections of flour and other mills in the U. S. ; con tains a bank, several stores and hotels, situ ated a few miles from Baltimore, on Bait and Ohio rail-road. ELLICOTTVILLE, ts. and v. Cattarau- gus co. N.Y., the village and seat of justice for the county, 292 m. S W. from Albany. Contains the court-house, prison, clerk's office, and office of the Holland Land Com pany, several mills, tannery, a good number of stores, and 70 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,084. ELLINGTON, ts. Chatauque co. N. Y., 330 m. from Albany, and 22 m. from May ville, well watered by different creeks, and contains a number of pleasant villages. Pop. 1,725. ELLINGTON, t. Tolland co. Ct., 13 m. NE. from Hartford. There is a celebrated boarding-school for boys at this place. The scenery in this township embraces consider able variety and is uncommonly interesting and beautiful. Pop. 1,356. ELLIOTT, Is. York co. Me., 108 m. SW. from Augusta. It is a good farming town ship. Pop. 1,889. ELLIOTT, missionary station of the American Board of Foreign Missions, on a branch of the Yazoo, 150 m. NE. from Wal nut hills. At this place has been erected since 1818, a village containing about 20 houses, a Lancasterian school established, and other judicious measures adopted to ci vilize the neighboring savages. ELLIOT'S ISLAND, in the gulf of Flo rida, between Florida peninsula and the Cat Keys. Lat. 25 33' N. ELLIS, r. Coos co. N. H., runs into the Saco, in Bartlett. ELLIS, r. Me., which runs into the An- droscoggin, in W. part of Rumford. ELLISBURG, ts. and v. Jefferson co. N. Y., 169 m. NW. from Albany, 17 SW. from Watertown, drained by the N. and S. branch es of Sandy creek, affording abundant mill power. The village on the S. branch of Sand creek, 4 m. from its mouth, has a church, several mills, stores, and 30 or 40 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 5,349. ELLISVILLE, v. Cumberland co. Pa. ELLISVILLE, v. Warren co.N. C. ELLISVILLE, or Lower Blue Lick, v. in Nicholas co. Ken., on a small' branch of Licking r. 50 m. NE. by E. from Frankfort. ELLISBURG, v. Waterford t Gloucester co. N. J., 6 m. SE. by E. from Camden, and 9 NE. from Woodbury; contains a tavern,, store, smith's-shop, and several dwellings. ELLISVILLE, t. in the N. part of Fulton co. II., on Spoon river, 20 m. NW. from Lewistown, has several stores, a mill, and 12 or 15 families. ELLISVILLE, ts. and cap. Jones co. Miss., 81 m. SE. from Jackson. ELLJAY, v. and cap, of Gilmer co. Ga. ; contains a court-house, jail, a church, seve ral stores, and some 15 or 20 dwellings. ELLSWORTH, ts. Grafton co.N/H., 11 m. NNW. from Plymouth, 52 NE. from Con cord. Maple sugar is made here,, and clover seed is raised in considerable quantities. Pop. 300. ELLSWORTH, ts and v. Hancock co.. Me., 24 m. NE. from Castine. The village is principally on the E. side, where there is a good bridge across the river. The loca tion of the courts for this county was changed from Castine to this place in 1838.. Pop. 2, 263. ELLSWORTH, v. Sharon, Litchfield co. Ct., on Oblong creek, branch of Housatonic river, 12 m. W. from Litchfield. ELMIRA CREEK, r.N. Y., which join* the Tioga, at Elmira. ELMIRA, ts. and v. and cap. of Che- mung co. N. Y., situated at the confluence of Newton cr. with Chemung river, 194 m.. SW. from Albany. It is a very thriving place, and besides the usual county buildings, it contains several churches, a bank, a me chanic's institute, sash factory, carding and cloth dressing mill, a large number of stores, 2 printing-offices, 2 tanneries, 2 large plough factories, 9 law offices, 400 dwell ings, and among the houses for entertain ment the Eagle Hotel, a splendid edifice. By the Chemung and Susquehannah rivers it communicates with the interior of Pennsyl vania, and by the Chemung canal and Sene ca lake, it has access by water to the Erie canal, which, with the Williamsport and Elmira rail-road, and the Erie rail-road, must render this an important place for bu siness. Pop. of ts. 4,791. ELMORE, t. Lamoile co. Vt., 16 m. N. rom Montpelier, There are five ponds m this township the waters of which, the mvnship being very high, descend partly o Lamoile, and partly to Onion rivers- Pop. 476. ELVIRA, t. II., on the waters of Cash iver. ELY, t. Richelieu and Buckingham coun- ies, L. C.^ east of Montreal. ELY, v. Jennings co. Ind., 69 m. SE. rom Indianapolis. ELY, t. in the S. part of Marion co. Miso. ELYRIA, v. and seat of justice, E. part ELY ERA 295 of Lorain co. Ohio, and perhaps one of the best built towns in the state. It is situ ated between the branches of Black river, those streams uniting about half a mile below the town, while at this point, they are one mile asunder. The main or principal street extends from one branch of the river to the other. . The village contains a splen did court-house, a full number of stores, clergymen and lawyers, a large flouring- mill, a cupola furnace, and a full number of mechanics. Pop. about 700. ELYSIAN FIELDS, v. Amite co. Miss. ELYTON, v. Jefferson co. Ala. EMBARK AS, t. Coles co. II., near the Embarras river, 20 m. S. from Charleston. EMBARK AS SETTLEMENT, an ex tensive tract of country thinly populated along the W. side of the Embarrass river, in Coles co. II., N. from Charleston. EMBARRASS, r. II., which runs into the Wabash, a little below Vincennes. In high freshets, this river and Big Wabash unite their waters, and spread over the country for 7 or 8 miles in extent. EMBDEN, t. Somerset co. Maine, on Kennebeck river, 16 m. N. from Norridge- wock, and 46 from Augusta. A fine town ship of land with two pleasant villages. Pop. 983. EMERY'S MILLS, v. York co. Me., 51 m. by post-road from Portland. EMERSONVILLE, t. Gibson co. Indiana, 756 m. from W. C. * EMERY'S RIVER, r. Ten., which runs into the river Tennessee, 7 m. from Clinch r. EMINENCE, ts. Tazewell co. II. EMMANUEL, co. Geo., on Ogeechee river, which separates it from Burke co. Pop. 3,129. County town, Swainsborough. EMMAUS, v. Salisbury ts. Lehighco. Pa., at the foot of the South Mountain, 5 m. SSW. from Northampton. EMMETTSBURG, v. Will co. II., on the line of the canal, 8 m. above Juliet, a Ro man Catholic Irish and German settlement, or hamlet. EMMITTSBURG, v. Frederick co. Md., between Flat Run and Tom's Creek, the western sources of Monocasy river, 1 m. S. Pennsylvania line, 24 NE. Fredericktown, 50 NW. Baltimore. Lat 39 10' 30" N EMPORIUM, v. M'Kean co. Pa., on the Driftwood branch of Sinnemahoning creek, 25 m. SE. from Smethport. ENFIELD, ts. Grafton co. N. H., 10 m. SE. Dartmouth College, 42 NW. Concord. It contains a village of about 40 houses, which is on Mascony pond, and a village of Shakers. It is watered by a variety of ponds and streams, stored with fish of every species common to the country. Pop. 1,514. ENFIELD, ts. Hampshire co. Mass., on the E. side of Belchertown, 71 m. W. from Boston, and 15 E. from Northampton. Its manufactures consist of cotton and woollen goods, leather, boots, shoes, hats, hoes, shingle machines, palm-leaf hats, wool- cards, cotton batting and wicking. Annual amount about $100,000. Pop. 976. ENFIELD, ts. Hartford co. Ct., on the E. side of Connecticut river, opposite Suf- field, with which it is connected by a bridge; 16 m. N. Hartford. Here is a set tlement of Shakers. Manufacturing is car ried on here to a considerable extent. Pop. 2,684. ENFIELD, ts. Tompkins co. N. Y., 171 m. W. from Albany, and 16 E. from Ithica, drained by small tributaries of Cayuga in let. Pop. 2,344. ENGLISH NEIGHBORHOOD, v. Ber gen co. N. J., on a NE. branch of the Hackinsac, W. of Fort Lee, has 2 churches, several stores, taverns, and from 15 to 20 dwellings. ENGLISH POINT, cape, in the river St. Lawrence. Lon. 61 45' W. Lat. 49 40' N. There is another cape of this name, on the S. coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 53* 29' W. Lat. 46 49' N. ENGLISH TOWN, v. Monmouth co. N. J., 18 m. E. from Princeton, containing a grist-mill, stores, taverns, and about 30 dwellings. ENNISVILLE, v. Huntingdon co. Pa., 79 m. W. from Harrisburg. ENO, river of N. C., rises in Orange co. and with Little river and Flat river, forms the Neuse, 17 m. below Hillsborough. ENOSBURG, v. Franklin co. ~Vt., on Missisque river, 36 m. NE. from Burling ton. Missisque, Trout, and other streams, give this township excellent water privi leges, and manufacturing establishments flourish. Pop. 2,022. ENOREE, r. S. C., a NW. branch of Broad river. Its mouth is 5 m. below the mouth of Tiger river. ENSE, v. Orange co. N. C., 6 m. W. from Hillsboro. EPHRATA, ts. and v. Fulton co. N. Y., 9 m. W. from Johnstown, and 58 m. NW. from Albany, well cultivated by descend ants of Germans, who settled here in 1724. The village has several mills, stores, tav erns, a tannery, and about 25 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,009. EPHRATA, t. Lancaster co. Pa., on Cocalico creek, a branch of the Conestoga, 12 m. N. from Lancaster, 60 W. from Philadelphia. It is settled by a religious sect from Germany, called Dunkers. EPPING, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 20 m. W. from Portsmouth, and 29 SE. from Concord, well watered by Lamprey and other beautiful streams. Pop. 1,235. EQUALITY, t. and cap. Gallatin co. II., on the N. side of Saline creek, 137 m. SE. from Vandalia, 14 m. S. from Shawneetown. It contains more than a dozen stores, a num ber of taverns, a brick court-house neatly finished, a number of mechanics of different trades, and about 100 families. EQUINUNK CREEK, r. Pa., which runs into the Delaware. Lat. 41 52' N. ERABLIERE, r. In., runs into the Wa- 296 ERI ESS bash on the N. side, between Fort Harrison and Tippecanoe creek. ERIE, lake, N. America, through which the boundary line runs which separates the United States from Canada ; about 280 ra. in length from SW. to NE. and from 10 to 60 in breadth. Lon. 78 35' to 83 10' W. Lat. 41 20' to 42 50' N. This lake is of dan gerous navigation, on account of the great number of rocks which project for many miles together from the northern shore, with out any shelter from storms. There are several tolerably good harbors on the S. shore, the principal of which are Buffalo and Dunkirk, N. Y., Erie, Pa., Painsville, Cleveland, Granger, Sandusky. Croghans- ville, besides Put-in and Maumee bays, Ohio. It discharges its waters at NE. end into the river Niagara. A battle was fought here, on the 10th September, 1813, between the American fleet under commodore Perry, and the English fleet, in which the latter was taken. ERIE, co. N. Y., bounded N. by Niagara co. E.by Genesee co. S. by Cattaraugus and Chatauque cos. W. by lake Erie and Niagara river. Pop. in 1830, 35,710, and in 1840, 62,465. Chief town, Buffalo. ERIE, co. the NW. corner of Pa., bound ed N. by lake Erie, E. by N. York, S. by Crawford co. and W.by Ohio. Chief town, Erie. Pop. in 1830, 16,906, and in 1841, 31,344. ERIE, t. and cap. Erie co. Pa., pleasantly situated on the S. side of lake Erie, on the margin of a bay formed by Presque isle, 80 m. SSW. from Buffalo, 136 N. from Pitts- burg, 100 E. from Cleveland. It contains a court-house, jail, a bank, several stores and taverns, various mechanic shops, and is a place of considerable importance. The .French creek canal, 46 m. long, connects this place with Franklin on the Alleghany river. It has an excellent harbor for small vessels, but the entrance is narrow and dif ficult. The trade of the town is considera ble. Pop. in 1820, 635, in 1830, 1,329, and in 1840, 3,412. ERIE, Fort, a fort, with a small village, in Bertie, Lincoln co. U. C.,at the outlet of lake Erie, opposite Black Rock, N. Y., 18 m. above the falls of Niagara. ERIE, co. O., bounded N. by lake Erie, E. and S. by Huron, and W. by Sandusky cos. Chief town, Sandusky City. Pop. 12,599. ERIE, t. and cap. Greene co. Ala., 47 m. SSW. from Tuscaloosa, on the Black War rior. ERIE, v. Carroll co. Ind., on the Wabash river, 6 m. WSW. from Delphi. ERIEVILLE, v. Nelson ts. Madison co. N. Y., 9 m. SW. from Morrisville, has a church, grist, and 3 saw-mills, 2 carding and cloth-dressing mills, 2 tanneries, 1 ashery and 40 dwellings. ERIN, t. Ind., on the Ohio, opposite Port William, at the mouth of the Kentucky riv er, 10m. below Vevay, and 12 above Madi- ! son. It is on elevated ground, and was laid ' out in 1815. ERNEST, t. of Lenox and Haddington co. U. C., W. and adjoining Kingston. ERROL, ts. Coos -co. N. H., 100 m. N. from Concord, and 30 NE. from Lancaster, Several considerable streams here unite with the Androscoggin. Pop. 104. ERVINGS, ts. Franklin co. Mass., 107 m. NNW. from Boston. This is a good farm ing township, and its manufactures are con siderable. Pop. 309. ERWIN, v. Erwin ts. Steuben co. N .Y., on the Tioga river, near the mouth of Con- hocton river. ERWINNA, v. on Delaware r. in Bucks co. Pa., 15m. above New Hope. ERWINSVILLE, v. Rutherford co. N. C., 504 m. from W. C. ESCATARIA, small island in L. C. about 5 m. N. from Louisburg, in the island of Cape Breton. ESCAMBIA, r. Alabama, which unites with the Conecah, in West Florida, near the north border. ESCAMBIA, co. Florida, bounded N. and W. by the boundary lines of Ala., NE. by Walton co., and S. by the gulf of Mexico. A large part of this county is poor pine bar rens. Its principal streams are Perdido, Es- cambia, Middle river and branches, and Yel low Water river. Pensacola is the chief town. Pop. 3,993, ESCAMBIA, v. Escambia co. Florida, 78 m. N. of Pensacola. ESKIMAUX BAY, bay on the S. coast of Labrador. Lon. 57 50' W. Lat. 51 30' N. ESKIMAUX, cape in Hudson's bay. Lon, 94 50' W. Lat. 61 12' N. ESKIMAUX ISLANDS, small islands in the gulf of St. Lawrence, near the S. coast of Labrador. Lon. 63 W. Lat. 50 15' N. ESOPUS, ts. Ulster co. N. Y., on W. side of the Hudson, 4 m. S. from Kingston, 69 S. from Albany. It contains the village of El- more's Corners, a post- village half a mile W, from Elmore's Landing. Pop. 1,939. ESOPUS, r. Ulster co. N. Y., which rises in the NW. part, flows by Kingston, and joins the Hudson at Saugerties, llm. below Catskill. Length 58 miles. ESPERANCE, v. in Schoharie, N. Y., 8 m. N. from Schoharie, 26 W. from Albany. It is situated on the Schoharie, and contains a paper-mill, other valuable mills, and a printing-office. Here is a commodious toll bridee across the creek. ESPYTOWN, v. Columbia co. Pa., 12 m. from Danville, and 78 from Harrisburg. ESSEX'S SETTLEMENT, in the forks of Spoon river, the W. part of Putnam co. Illinois. ESSEX, co. NE. part of Vt., bounded N. by Canada, E. by Connecticut river, S. by Caledonia co. and W. by Orleans co. Pop. in 1830, 3,981, and in 1840, 4,226. Chief town, Guildhall. ESSEX, ts. Chittenden co. Vt, on N. ESSEVA 297 side of Onion river, Urn. E. from Burling ton. At Hubbell's falls on Onion river, are admirable mill sites, at which are manufac tures of some extent. Pop. 1,824. ESSEX, co. NE. part of Mass., bounded N. by New Hampshire, E. and SE. by the Atlantic, and W. and SW. by Middlesex co. Chief towns, Salem and Newburyport. Ips wich, Marblehead, Beverly, Lynn, Danvers, Gloucester, Newbury, Haverhill, and Ando- ver, are all considerable towns. Pop. in 1830, 82,887, and in 1840, 94,987. ESSEX, t. Essex co. Mass., on Chebacco river, 2 m. above its mouth, 5 SSE. from Ipswich, 12 NE. from Salem. The river is navigable for sloops df 60 tons. Here are built the boats called Chebacco boats ; leather, boots, shoes, bar iron, barrels, cordage, pumps, and blocks are manufactured here to a considerable extent. Essex formerly constituted the S. parish of Ipswich, and was called Chebacco. Pop. 1,450. ESSEX, co. N. Y., on lake Champlain, bounded N. by Clinton and Franklin cos. E. by lake Champlain, S. by Washington co., and W. by Montgomery and Franklin cos. Pop. in 1830, 19,387, and in 1840, 23,634. Chief town, Elizabethtown. ESSEX, ts. and v. Essex co. N. Y., on lake Champlain, 136 m. from Albany. The Split Rock in this town, is a rock projecting 50 yards into the lake, the point of which, consisting of about half an acre, and covered with trees, is removed from the main rock about 20 feet. The height of this rock on each side of the fissure is about 12 feet above the water. Through this fissure a line has been let down to the depth of 500 feet with out reaching the bottom. The village contains several stores, taverns, and 50 or 60 dwellings, generally very neat. Pop. of ts. 1,681. ESSEX, co. N. J., bounded N. by Bergen co. E. by Bergen co. and Newark bay, S. by Middlesex co. and W. by Somerset and Mor ris cos. Pop. in 1830, 41,928, and in 1840, 44,621. Chief town, Newark. ESSEX, co. Va., bounded N. by Rappa- hannock, which separates it from Richmond co., and inclosed on the other sides by Mid dlesex, King William, and Caroline cos. Chief town, Tappahannock. Pop. 11,309. ESSEX, co. U. Canada, comprises the country between lake St. Clair and lake Erie, bounded W. by Detroit river, and E. by Suffolk co. Chief town, Amherstburg. ESTILL, co. Ken., bounded N. by Mont gomery, NE. by Pike, E. by Perry, S. by Clay, W. by Madison, and NW. by Clarke. Length 40 m., mean width about 17. Chief town, Irwine. Pop. in 1830, 4,618, and in 1840, 5,535. ESTILL VILLE, v. and seat of justice, Scott co. Va., 33 m. a little S. of W. from Abingdon, 1 16 NE. by E. from Knoxville, Ten., 370 SW. by W. from Richmond, con tains a court-house, jail, and several stores. ESTHNER ISLAND, isl. in Prince Wil- N 1 Ham's Sound, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 60 50' N. ESTHERTOWN, t. Dauphin co. Pa., on E. side of Susquehannah, 7 m. N. from Harrisbursr. ESTOPACHY RIVER, v. Washington co. Alabama. ESTRELLA, r. Guatimala, which enters the Pacific in Lat. 9 5' N. ETNA, ts. Penobscot co. Me., 63 m. NE. from Augusta, and 17 m. W. from Bangor. This is an excellent farming township, with no important streams. Pop. 745. ETNA, v. Tompkins co. N. Y., 7 m. from Ithica, contains several mills, clothing works, and 25 or 30 dwellings. ETNA, v. Lima t. Licking eo. O., on the national road, 18 m. E. from Columbus, 18 from Newark, has several taverns, stores, mechanic shops, and about 40 dwellings. ETNA, v. Weymouth ts. Atlantic co. N. J., on Tuckahoe creek, 15 m. from the sea, has a grist and saw-mills, a furnace and a forge. ETOWAH, river of Georgia, rises in the Apalachian mountains, interlocking with the sources of the Chatahoochee, and flow ing SW. joins in Alabama the Oostenalah, and forms the Coosa. EUBANKS, v. Cumberland co. Geo., 88 m. NE. from Milledgeville. EUCLID, pts. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on lake Erie, 8 m. NE. from Cleveland, and 147 NE. from Columbus, a flourishing town ship, and contains about 1,500 inhabitants. EUCLID, v. Clay ts. Onondaga co. N. Y., 12 m. N. from Syracuse, has a tavern and several dwellings. EUGENE, v. Vermillion co. Ind., 86 m. NW. by W. from Indianapolis. It is a vil lage of considerable business. EUKILLOGEE, a central district in the Cherokee country. In 1821 the United Brethren established a mission here. It is 30 m. from Spring Place. EUSTIS, lake, Missouri, the SW. head of Yellow-stone river. It is near the head of the Wallaumut, which runs into Colum bia river. EUTAW SPRINGS, a small river of S. C., which runs into the Santee. Near its source a battle was fought in 1781, which, in effect, terminated the war in this state. EVANS, ts. Erie co. N. Y., 293 m. from Albany, 19 m. SW. from Buffalo. A good farming township. EVANSBURG, v. Lower Providence ts. Montgomery co. Pa., 24 m. from Philadel phia. EVANSBURG, t. Butler co. Pa., laid out in 1831, 12 m. E. from Butler. EVANSHAM, t. and cap. Wythe co. Va., on the E. side of the Reedy creek, a branch of the Kenhawa ; 40 m. E. from Christians- burs:. 240 WSW. from Richmond. EVANSVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Vanderburg co. In., on the bank of the Ohio river,"51 m. S. from Vincennes, and 24 SE. from New Harmony. Lat. 38 1' K. EVA FAI EVAN'S MILLS, v. Le Roy t. Jefferson co. N. Y., on a small branch of Indian river, has a grist-mill, 2 stores, and about 50 dwell ings. EVAN'S SETTLEMENT, on the east ern border of Union co. II., near the head of Cash river, a pleasant settlement with about 80 families. EVANSVILLE, t. Monroe co. Ala. EVENSBURG, v. Crawford co. Pa. EVERITTSTOWN, v. Alexandria t. Hunterdon co. N. J., llm. NW. from Fle- mington, has a tavern, church, grist-mill, and several dwellings. EVERTON, v. Fayette co. Ind.,75 m. E. from Indianapolis. EVERITTSVILLE, v. Albemarle eo. Va. EVESHAM, ts. Burlington co. N. J., in the forks of Moore's creek, 16 m. E. from Philadelphia, 25 S. from Burlington. Pop. 4,000. EVIT*S CREEK, r. Maryland,which runs into the Potomac, Lon. 78 44' W. Lat. 39 38' N. EWINGTON, t. and cap. of Effingham co. II., on the national road, 29 m. E. by N. from Vandalia, on the Little Wabash, con tains the court-house, jail, and some 15 or 20 dwellings. EWINGSVILLE, v. Christian co. Ken., 749 m. from W. C. EWINGSVILLE, v. Cecil co. Md. EXETER, r. N. H., which rises from a small pond in Sandown, and pursues gene rally an easterly course till it meets the tide at Exeter; it afterwards pursues a NE. course and communicates with the Piscata- qua, through Great bay. The Indian name, from Exeter to the entrance into the Pisca- taqua, is Swamscot. EXETER, ts. Rocldngham co. N. H., 14 m. SW. by W. from Portsmouth, 15 NNW. from Newburyport, 18 NNE. from Haverhill, 43 SE. by E. from Concord, 47 N. by E. from Boston, 489 from W. C. Pop. 2,925. It is a handsome village. Small sea- vessels ascend to it, it being at the head of tide water on Exeter river. It contains a num ber of public buildings and 3~churches, and is the seat of very considerable manufac tures. Phillips' Exeter Academy in this place is one of the most ancient, opulent, and useful institutions in the United States, having many of the advantages and endow ments of a college. It has been almost ex clusively devoted to the preparation of scho lars for college. Number of instructors 4, including a writing and singing master. Number of volumes in the library, 680. The building is an elegant edifice, 76 feet by 30, with wings 34 by 28. EXETER, ts. Penobscot co. Maine, 62 m. NW. from Castine, 264 NE. from Boston. At the Four " Corners," in the northerly part of the township, is a pleasant village, with considerable trade, and some mills. Pop. 2,052. EXETER, ts. Washington co. R. L, 25 m. SW. from Providence. Branches of Wood river give this township a good water power, which is well improved by cotton: mills and other manufactories. Pop. 1,776. EXETER, ts. Otsego co. N. Y., 10 m. NW. from Cooperstown. There is a flour ishing village on the lake in this township, which has considerable trade. The celebrat ed Split Rock is in this township, 5 m. S. of the village. It appears to have been separated by some great convulsion, and is esteemed a great curiosity. Pop. 1,423. EXETER, t. Luzerne co. Pa., on the Sus- quehannah river, 10 m. above Wilkesbarre. Pop. 900. EXETER, v. New Hanover co. N. C., on the E. fork of Cape Fear river, 36 m. above Wilmington. EXETER, v. of Harrison co. In. EXETER, t. Morgan co. II., 14 m. W. from Jacksonville ; has a large flouring-mill^ several stores, and 15 or 20 families, sur rounded with a large settlement. F. FABIUS, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. It is situated on the head springs of Chenango river, 125 m. W. from Albany. In the NE.. corner there is a marly marsh, having the quality of changing wood immersed in it to stone. Pop. 2,562. FABOMIT LAKE, Canada. Lon. 88* 15' W. Lat. 52 18' N. FACTORYVILLE, v. Tioga co. N. Y., about 164 m. SSW. from Albany; has 5 grist and 2 saw-mills, 2 taverns, and about 25 dwellings. FACTORY VILLAGE, Milton ts. Sara toga co. N. Y., on the Kayderosseras creek ; contains 2 large woollen factories, an exten sive paper-mill, a trip-hammer, and 25 or 30 dwellings. FACTORYVILLE, v. Lincoln co. Me., 29 m. from Augusta. FACTORYVILLE, v. Castleton ts. Rich mond co. Staten I., N. Y. FACTORYVILLE, v. Chemung ts. and co. N. Y., 17 m. SE. from Elmira. FAIRBLUFF, v. Columbus co. N. C. FAIRBANKS, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. FAIRFAX,t. Franklin co.Vt., on Lamoile river ; 18 m. NNE. from Burlington, and 37 NW. from Montpelier. The falls on La moile river at this place, are singular, and worthy of the traveller's notice. There are some manufactories at the falls. It is a place of considerable business. Pop. 1,918. FAIRFAX, co. Va. ; bounded N. and E. by the Potomac, S. by Prince William co.. and W. by Loudon co. The court-house, where a post-office is kept, is 15 m. from W. C. Pop. 9,370, of whom 3,972 are slaves. Chief town, Centreville. FAIRFAX, t. and cap. Culpeper co. Va.^ 40 m. WNW. from Fredericksburg, 76 from W. C. F AIRFIELD, t. Somerset co. Me., 25 m. N. from Augusta. It is watered by a small stream running into the Kennebeck, and by a branch of Waterville river. It has a plea- FAI 299 sant village and considerable trade. Pop. 2,198. FAIRFIELD, v. Lancaster co. Pa., at the head of Fairfield creek. FAIRFIELD, v. Lenoir co. N. C., 87 m. E. by N. from Raleigh. FAIRFIELD, v. Adams co. II., in the NW. part, has 12 or 15 families. FAIRFIELD, settlement in the NW. part of Hancock co. II., a small but pleasant set tlement. FAIRFIELD,v. Amite co. Miss., 66 m. SE. from Natchez. FAIRFIELD, ts. Franklin co. Vt. ; 26m. NNE. from Burlington. It is a pleasant place, with some trade, and considerable manufactures. Pop. 2,448. FAIRFIELD, co. Ct., bounded N. by Litchfield co. SE. by Long Island sound, and W. by N.York. Pop. 49,917. Chief towns, Fairfield and Danbury. FAIRFIELD, ts. and port of entry, Fair- field co. Ct., on Long Island sound, 21 m. WSW. from New Haven, 54 NE. from New York. Lat. 41 8' N. Pop. 3,654. It contains a court-house, an academy, and several houses of public worship. There are 4 villages within the town, Fairfield, Greenfield Hill, Green's Farms or Saugatuck, and Mill river. There are 3 harbors, Black Rock, Mill river, and Saugatuck. With the exception of New London, Btack Rock is the best harbor in the Sound. This town was burned by the British, July, 1779. FAIRFIELD, ts. and v.Herkircer co. N. Y., 10 m. N. from Herkimer, 75 from Alba ny. In this town there is an academy, 2 churches, a college of physicians and sur geons of the western district of N. Y., having an extensive museum, cabinet of minerals, &c. The building is a stone edifice, 200 ft. front, 3 stories high. The academy occu pies 2 large buildings, all of which are highly flourishing. The village contains about 70 houses/ Pop. of ts. 1,836. FAIRFIELD, v. Essex co. N. J., 11 m. W. from Newark, has a church and some 10 or 12 dwellings. FAIRFIELD, v. Rockbridge co. Va., 144 m. from Richmond, and 186 from W. C., a small village. FAIRFIELD, district, S. C., between Wateree and Broad rivers. Pop. 20,165. Chief town, Winnsboroush. FAIRFIELD, or Roberts', v. Putnam co. Geo. FAIRFIELD, v. Nelson co. Ken., 10 m. from Bairdstown, 48 from Frankfort, and 599 from W. C. FAIRFIELD, co. in the central part of Ohio, bounded N. by Licking, E. by Perry, S. by Slacking, and W. by Pickaway cos. Pop. 31,924. "Chief town, Lancaster. FAIRFIELD, v. Franklin co. Ind., on the E. fork of Whitewater river ; 7 m. N. from Brookville, 77 m. SE. by E. from Indian apolis. FAIRFIELD, v. and seat of justice, Wayne co. II., 63 m. SE. from Vandalia, contains the court-house, jail, a number of stores, about 30 dwellings, and a large cas tor-oil factory. FAIRFIELD, pts. Columbiana co. 0., a few miles N. of the county seat. Pop. about 2,000. FAIRFIELD, pts. Highland co. 0., N. of Hillsborough, contains a number of beautiful villages. FAIRFIELD, v. Green co. O., 11 m. NW. from Xenia, and 56 from Columbus, contains a number of churches, taverns, 8 or 10 stores, one 3 story grist-miH, 2 tan- yards, 20 or 30 mechanic shops, and about 120 dwellings. It is a place of considerable business. FAIRFIELD, v. Licking co. O., 4 m. N. from Newark, on the north branch of Lick ing creek. FAIRHAVEN,. ts. Rutland co. Vt. on Pultney river, 9 m. NNE. from Whitehall, 43 W. from Windsor, watered by Castleton and Pultney rivers, which afford good mill- sites. Pop. 630. FAIRHAVEN, ts. Bristol co. Mass., on the Accushnet river, opposite New Bedford. Pop. 3,951. FAIRHAVEN, v. Gallia co. 0., on Ohio river, opposite the mouth of the Kenha- wa, 4 m. above Gallipolis. FAIRHAVEN, v. Gaines ts. Orleans co. N. Y., two and a half m. N. from Albion. FAIRHAVEN, v.Israel ts. Preble co. O., 9 m. SW. from Eaton. FAIRLEE, ts. Orange co. Vt., on Con necticut river ; 35 m. above Windsor. Pop. 656. FAIRLEE, West, t. Orange co. Vt., W. of Fairlee. FAIR PLAY, v. Green co. Ind., on the W. side of the West Fork of White river, 3 m. above Btoomington. FAIRPORT, v. Perrington ts. Monroe co. N. Y., on the Erie canal, 12 m. E. by S. from Rochester. FAIRPORT, t. Geauga co. Ohio, at the mouth of Grand river, on lake Erie, 15 m. N. from Chardon, 170 NE. from Columbus, on the southern shore of lake Erie, and has a good port or harbor for vessels usually navigating the lakes. Here is a light-house built and supported by the United States. It has the prospect of becoming a place of much business. FAIR RIVER, Canada, runs from Wa- pessaga to lake St. John. FAIRTON, v. Cumberland co. N. J., 73 m. S. from Trenton, and 179 NE. from W. C. ; contains 30 or 40 dwellings, 2 stores, a church, and about 200 inhabitants. FAIR VIEW, v. Erie co. Pa., 279 m.from Harrisburg, and 340 from W. C. FAIR VIEW, v. Guernsey co. Ohio, 25 m. E. from Cambridge, 105 m. from Columbus, on the road from Zanesville to Wheeling; contains about 200 inhabitants. FAIRVIEW, v. Kingwood ts. Hunterdon co. N. J., 7 m. NW. from Flemington, 29 from Trenton, and 188 from W. C. ; con- 300 FAI FAR tains a church, 2 stores, and some 12 or 15 dwellings. FAIRVIEW, v. East Pennsborough ts. Cumberland co. Pa., 14 m. NE.*of Carlisle. FAIRVIEW, v. Greenville district, S. C., 117 m. NW. by W. from Columbia. FAIRVIEW, v. Rush co. Ind., 14 m. E. from Rushville. FAIRWEATHER, Cape, on the NW. coast of America. Lon. 222 20' E. Lat. 58 50^ N. FAIRWEATHER, Mount, high moun- tnin on the NW. coast of America, about 12 m. NE. from cape Fairweather. F ALES' CREEK, Ohio, runs into the Ohio, 1 1 m. above Portsmouth. FALL, r. which rises in Vermont, and runs into the Connecticut, N. of Greenfield, Mass, FALL, r. R. Island, which runs from Wa- tuper pond into Taunton river. FALLS, v. Pickens district, S. C., 175 m. NW. from Columbia. FALL CREEK, v. Groton t. on Fall some 12 or 15 stores, a college, and excel lent common schools, and about 100 private dwellings, many of which are very neat. FAYETTE, v. Hanover ts. Clmtauque co. N. Y., on lake Erie, at the mouth of Silver creek, 33 m. from Buffalo, contains a grist-mill, 2 saw-mills, several stores, cloth ing works, about 100 dwellings, and 500 inhabitants. It is a place of much busi ness. FAYETTE, v. Green co. II., near the 302 FAY FER east line, on the road from Alton to Jack sonville. A small village with some 10 or 15 families. FAYETTE, t, and cap. Jefferson co. Miss., 19 m. NE. from Natchez, 93 m. from Jackson, and 1,127 from W. C., con tains a court-house, jail, several stores, and about 30 houses. FAYETTE, co. Ten., bounded N. by Tipton and Haywood, E. by Hardiman, S. by the state line of Mississippi, and W. by Shelby co. Somerville is the seat of just ice. Pop. 21,501, of whom 10,885 were slaves, and 43 free colored. FAYETTE, co. Va., bounded N. by Nicholas, E. by Greenbrier, S. by Mercer, and W. by Bafh cos. Pop. 3,924, of whom 123 were slaves, and 18 free colored. County town not given. FAYETTE, co. II., bounded N. by Shel by, E. by Effingham and Clay, S. by Mari on, and W. by Bond and Montgomery cos. It is watered by the Kaskaskia and its tri butaries. The banks of this river are gen erally low, and subject to inundation. There is in this county a heavy growth of timber, along the Kaskaskia r. and Hurricane Fork; there is also a good portion of prairie land. Vandalia, the capital of the state, is situat ed in this county, and is the seat of just ice. Pop. in 1835, 3,638, and in 1840, 6,328. FAYETTE, co. Indiana, bounded N. by Wayne, E. by Union, S. by Franklin, and W. by Rush. cos. Pop. 9,837. Conners- ville is the chief town. FAYETTEVILLE, t. and cap. Cumber land co. N. C., 60 m. S. from Raleigh, 95 NNW. from Wilmington, 159 NE. from Columbia, 347 from W. C. Lon. 79 58' W. Lat. 35 3' N. It is situated near Cape Fear river, at the head of boat navigation, contains the usual county buildings, several stores, and is a place of some note. FAYETTEVILLE, v. Onondaga co. N. Y., by post-road. 139 m. from Albany, on the feeder of the Erie canal, 8 m. from Syra cuse, has 3 churches, several taverns, stores, and 75 or 80 dwellings. FAYETTEVILLE, v. and seat of just- ace, Lincoln co. Ten., on the right bank of Elk r. 50 m. SW. from Murfreesborous:h. Lat. 35 10' N. Lon. from W. C., 9 37' W. has a court-house, several stores, and vari ous mechanic shops. FAYETTEVILLE, v. and cap. Fayette co. Geo., about 50 m. WSW. from Milledge- ville, and 700 from W, C., contains the usual county buildings, several stores, and some 30 or 40 houses. FAYETTEVILLE, v. Green ts. Frank lin co. Pa., 9 m. E. from Chambersburg. FAYETTEVILLE, t. and cap. Fayette co. Al., 50 m. NNW. from Tuscaloosa, and 874 from W. C. , FAYETTEVILLE, t. and cap. Wash ington co. Arkansas, 212 m. NW. by W. from Little Rock, and 1,285 from W. C. FAYETTEVILLE, v. St. Clair co. II., on the W. side of Kaskaskia river, 16 nu SE. from Belleville, on elevated ground, and a good situation for a town. FAYETTEVILLE, v. Perry ts. Brown co. O., 25 m. N. from Georgetown. FAYSTON, Is. Washington co. Vt., 17 m. SW. from Montpelier, and 25 from Bur lington. It is a mountainous township. Pop. 635. FEAR, Cape, a cape of N. Carolina, \vhere there is a dangerous shoal, called, from its form, the Frying Pan, lying at the entrance of Cape Fear river. This river is formed by two branches, called the NW. and NE. branches, which unite above Wilming ton ; and it enters the Atlantic below Bruns wick. Lon. 77 45' W. Lat. 33 40' N. FE A RING, pts. Washington co. Ohio, 6 m. N. from Marietta; several mills are seated in this township, and 8 or 900 inhabitants. FEDERAL POINT, point, N. C., near the New Inlet. Here is a beacon ; 80 m. W. by S. from Cape Lookout, 30 NW. by N. from Frying Pan Shoals. FEDERALSBURG, v. in Dorchester and Caroline cos. Md., on Marshy Hope creek, 20 m. NE. from Cambridge, 114 from An napolis, and 312 from W. C. FEDERAL STORE, v. Dutchess co. N. Y., 95 m. SSE. from Albany, a small vil lage with several dwellings. ^FEEDING HILLS, v. in West Springfield, Hampden co. Mass., 5 m. W. from Spring field. FELICIANA, West, co. La., bounded W, by the Mississippi, S. by East Baton Rouge, N. by the state of Mississippi, E. by Flori da. The settlers are almost entirely Ame ricans. Chief town, St~ Fran cisville. Pop. 10,910, of whom 8,755 were slaves. FELICIANA, East, co. La., bounded N. by Mis., E. by St. Helena, S. by East Ba ton Rouge, and W. by West Feliciana co. Pop. 11,893, of whom 7,871 were slaves, 30 free colored. FELICIANA, t. Feliciana co. Louisiana, E. of Baton Rouge. FELICIANA, v. Graves co. Ken., 16 m. W. from Mayfield. FELICITY, v. Franklin ts. Clermont co. Ohio, 9 m. W. from Batavia, 100 SW. from Columbus, has about 10 stores, 3 smith's shops, 3 chair factories, 5 shoe shops, a sad dle-tree factory, 2 carding and oil factories, and 75 or 80 dwellings. FELIXVILLE, v. Cumberland Co. Va., 5 m. E. from Cumberland C. H. FEMME OSAGE, v. St. Charles co. Miso. FENNER, v. Madison co. N. Y., 115 m. from Albany, has a tavern, store, and 20 or 25 dwellings, FENTRESS, co. Ten., bounded N. by Overton and Morgan, E. by Roane, S. by Bledsoe, and W. by White cos. Jamestown, is the seat of justice. Pop. 3,550, of whom 80 were slaves and 5 free colored. FERDINAND, ts. Essex co. Vt., 60 m. NE. from Montpelier. It is so mountainous, FEE FIT 303 rocky, cold and swampy, that people do not choose to cultivate it. Pop. not given. FERNANDIA, v. and cap. Nassau co. Florila. FERNANDINA, s-p. Amelia island. It is the only town on the island, and is the seat of justice for the county of Nassau, Florida. FURRIER POINT, cape of Mexico, on the Pacific Ocean. Lon. fromW. C. 31 Lat. 33 42' N. FERRISBURG, ts. Addison co. Vt. on lake Champlain, at the mouth of Otter creek, 22 m. S. from Burlington. Basin harbor, in this township, is deep and well-protected from winds, and is a place of considerable navigation and commercial importance. There are some woollen and other manufac tories on its streams. FERROL, Cape., a cape on the NW. coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 57 11' W. Lat. 51 4' N. FIDALGO, Port y inlet, NW. coast of America, in Prince William sound. Lat. 60 55' N. FIELD'S MILLS, v. Brunswick co. Va., 86 m. from W. C. FIFTEEN MILE CREEK, r. which rises in Pennsylvania, and runs into the Potomac, in Maryland. FIGHTING ISLAND, small isl. of Mich., in Detroit river, a little above Gross Isle. FINCASTLE, v. Eagle ts. Brown co. 0., 17 m. NE. from Georgetown, on the road to Georgetown ; a small but pleasant village. FINCASTLE, t. and cap. Botetourt co. Va., on Catawba creek, which flows into James river, a few miles below the town ; 55 m. W. by N. from Lynchburg, 175 W. from Richmond, 244 from W. C, Pop. about 800. It contains a court-house and jail. FINDLEY, v. and cap. Hancock co. O., on Blanchard's fork of Anglaize river, 100 m. NW. from Columbus. It contains 25 or 30 buildings, one of which is of brick, 40 by 60 feet, a commodious school -house, several stores, and about 125 inhabitants. FINDLEYVILLE, v. Peters ts. Wash ington co. Pa., 12 m. NE. of the borough of Washinston. FINDLEYSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C. FINESVILLE, v. Warren co. N.J., on the Musconetcong creek, a mile above its mouth, ftnd 19 m. SW. from Belvidere, con tains a grist-mill, saw-mill, oil-mill, a wool len manufactory, and from 20 to 25 dwellings. FINEWOOD, v. Charlotte co. Va., 17 m. from Maryville. FINLEY'S MILLS, v. Mina ts. Chatau- que co. N. Y. FINHOLLOWAY, r. Geo., which runs into the Alatamaha, in Wayne co. FINNEYSVILLE, v. Rutland co. Vt., 97 m. SSW. from Montpelier. FISH CREEK, r. N. Y., which runs S. and joins Wood creek in Bengal. Length 43 m. FISH CREEK, r. Va., which runs into the Ohio. FISH CRPJEK, r. Md., which runs into the Chesapeake. FISHKILL, r. N. Y., which joins Wood creek 2 miles from its entrance into Oneida lake. Another creek of this name is the outlet of Saratoga lake into Hudson river. Its mouth is opposite the mouth of Batten- kill. On the banks of this creek the British army under Gen. Burgoyne surrendered to Gen. Gates, Oct. 17th, 1777. FISHKILL, ts. Dutchess co. N. Y., on Hudson river, 10 m. below Poughkeepsie,65 N. from New York. The village of Fishkill is about 5 m. E. of the river, on Fishkill creek. The other settlements in the town are Hopewelj, New Hackinsac, Middle.bush, and Wappinger's creek. The number of churches is 6. Here are numerous mills and manufactories, and 2 landings, at which considerable trade is carried on. Pop. of ts. 10,437. FISHKILL, mountains, are the continua tion of the Highlands above Westpoint, and curving to the NE. and N. stretch be tween Dutchess and Putnam counties, and thence through the former towards the SW. angle of Mass. FISHKILL LANDING, v. Dutchess co. N. Y., directly opposite Newburgh, 5 m. S. from the village of Fishkill, and 60 m. above the city of New York. FISH LAKE, v. Delaware co. N. Y., 89 m. SW. from Albany. FISH RIVER, r. Alabama, which runs into E. side of Mobile bay. FISHER'S ISLAND, isl. in Long Island Sound. It forms a part of the town of Southold, N. Y., 8 m. long, and 2 broad,*5 m. SW. from Stonington, Ct. FISHER'S STORE, v. Clark co. Alaba ma. FISHERSFIELD, ts. Merrimack co. New Hampshire, 27 m. WNW. from Concord, and 470 from W. C., near the west ex tremity of the county. FISHING BAY, bay, Md., on E. side of the Chesapeake, at the mouth of the Nanti- coke. FISHING CREEK, Howard co. Missou ri. FISHING CREEK, r. Va., which runs into the Ohio. FISHING CREEK, v, Wilkes co. N. C. FISHINGFORD CROSS-ROADS, v. Bed ford co. Ten. FITCHBURG, ts. Worcester co. Mass., on Nashua river, 25 m. N. from Worcester. A branch of the Nashua river passes through this township, and affords it a good water power, on which there are 4 cotton, 3 wool len, and 2 paper-mills. Its manufactures are considerable, such as leather, boots, shoes, hats, scythes, bellows, palm-leaf hats, straw bonnets, chairs, tin and cabinet wares. Pop. 2,604. FITZHERBERT'S ISLAND, in the Flori da stream. Lon. 81 50' W. Lat. 24 40' N. FITZWILLIAM, ts. Cheshire co. N. H., 304 FIT FLO 13 m. SE. from Keene, and 65 NW. from Boston. It contains a number of beautiful ponds. It is a pleasant farming township. FITZHUGH'S SOUND, narrow channel of the Pacific ocean, between Culvert's island and the W. coast of America. FLAGGTOWN, v. Hillsborough ts. So merset co. N. J., 7 m. SW. from Somerville, 196 m. from W. C., contains 2 stores, tavern, and 12 or 15 dwellings. FLANDERS, v. Southampton ts. Suffolk co. N. Y., on the E. part of Long Island. FLAT PRAIRIE, settlement in Randolph co. II., 20 m. E. from Kaskaskia. FLATBUSH, ts. and cap. Kings co. Long Island, on New York bay, 5 m. S. by E. from New York city. The public buildings are a court-house, academy called Erasmus Hall, and a church. A battle was fought near this town, 27th August, 1776, in which the Americans were defeated by the British with great loss. FLAT CREEK, r. S. C., which runs into the Great Pedee, Sh m. from Greenville. FLATLANDS r ts. and v. Kings co. N. Y., on New York bay, 2 m. S. from Flatbush. The village centrally situate, contains 1 Dutch Reformed church, 2 stores, 1 tavern, and 14 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 810. FLAGG-SPRING, v. Campbell co. Ken. FLAMBOROUGH, t. York co. U. C., on Burlington bay, at the W. extremity of lake Ontario. FLANDERS, v. Morris co. N. J., near the head of Raritan river, 15 m. a little N. of W. from Morristown, 59 N. from Tren ton, and 220 m. from W. C., contains a grist-mill, saw-mill, church, several taverns and stores, and from 20 to 25 dwellings. FLATTERY, Cape, on the W. coast of N. America, so named by Captain Cook, who discovered it in 1788, because he was disappointed in not finding a harbor. Lon. 124 57' W. Lat. 48 25' N. FLEETWOOD, v. Hinds co. Miss., 100 m. N. from Natchez. FLETCHER, v. Brown ts. Miami co. 0., on the state road from Columbus to Piqua, 10 m. from Troy, situated in a healthy and fertile part of the country, has a church, several stores, 12 or 15 mechanic shops, and about 150 inhabitants. FLEMING, co. in the E. part of Ken., bounded N. by Mason and Lewis, E. by Lawrence, S. by Bath, and W. by Nicholas cos. Flemingsburg is the seat of justice. Pop. 13,268. of whom 1,992 were slaves, and 188 free colored. FLEMINGS, v. Wayne co. Indiana. FLEMINGSBURG, t. and cap. Fleming co. Ken., 79 m. from Frankfort, and 500 from W. C., contains a court-house, jail, and some 20 or 30 dwellings. FLEMINGTON, v. and cap. Hunterdon co. N. J., 23 m. NNW. from Trenton, 9 S. from Pit'stown, 53 NE. from Philadelphia, and 182 from W. C., contains the court house, jail, several churches, a public library, about 50 dwellings, and 300 inhabitants. FLETCHER, t. Franklin co. Vt., 22 m. NE. from Burlington, and 23 NNE. from Montpelier. There are some small streams in this township, and some manufactories. Pop. 1,014. FLINN, t. Jackson co. Indiana. FLINN'S FORK, v. Caldwell co. Ken., 796 m. from W. C. FLINT, r. Ontario co. N. Y., which runs into Canandaigua r. at the village of Vienna in Phelps. FLINT, r. Geo., which rises in N. Lat. 33 40' and running SW. by S. 200 miles, joins the Chatahoochee to form the Apala- chicola. FLINT, v. and cap. Genesee co. Mich. FLINT ISLAND, island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, near the coast of Cape Breton, Island. Lon. 59 40' W. Lat. 46 10' N. FLINT-STONE, v. Alleghany co. Md., 150 m. NW. by W. from W. C. FLORENCE, ts. Oneida co. N. Y., IT m. NW. from Rome. Pop. 1,259. FLORENCE, t. and cap. Lauderdale co. Al., on the N. bank of the Tennessee, at the foot of the Muscle Shoals, on the road from Nashville to New Orleans. It was laid out in 18 18, on an elevated plain 100 feet above the river, and is well supplied 1 with water. It lies opposite a fine island in the river, between which and the town is the usual channel for boats, and is one mile above the mouth of Cypress creek, which also affords a good harbor; 60 m. N. by E. from Cotton-gin-port, contains the usual county buildings, several stores and me chanic shops, and has considerable trade. FLORENCE, pts. Huron co. Ohio, 13 m. E. from Norwalk, and 125 N. by E. from Columbus. It contains several extensive beds of iron ore, and about 900 inhabitants. FLORENCE, v. Boone co. Ken., 70 m. N. from Frankfort, and 507 from W. C. ? contains some 20 or 30 dwellings. FLORIA, v. and settlement, Putnam co. II., 5 m. E. from Hennepin, a delightful situ ation. FLORIDA, t. E. part of Monroe co. Miso., on Salt river. It is a flourishing place of about 60 houses ; contains several stores and mechanic shops. FLORIDA, ts. Berkshire co. Mass. 30 x m. NNE. from Lenox, and 125 W. by N. from Boston. A mountainous township, watered by Deerfield river, and exhibits some Alpine scenery. Pop. 441. FLORIDA, ts. Montgomery co. N. Y., on the Mohawk, 11 m. S. from Johnstown, 35 NW. from Albany. It contains 5 churches. Pop. 5,414. Minaville and Port Jackson are villages. FLORIDA, v. Orange co. N. Y., 6 m. SW. from Goshen ; has a church, 3 or 4 stores, 2 grist and 2 saw-mills, and from 15 to 20 dwellings. FLORIDA, Cape, the most easterly point of Florida. Lon. 80 37' W. Lat 25 44' N. FLORIDA, Gulfofjihe channel between FLO FOR 305 ihe peninsula of Florida and the Bahama islands, N. of the island of Cuba, and through which the gulf stream passes. FLORIDA KEYS, or Martyr's Island, a number of rocks and sand banks at the S. extremity of E. Florida. The great sand bank extends from the peninsula of Florida inward to the gulf of Mexico, in the form of a hook. FLORIDA TERRITORY, see page 150. FLORISSANT, v, Miso., on N. side of the Missouri, 12 m. above Belle Fontaine, lt> from St. Louis. It is a French settle ment. FLOUGHERTY'S CREEK, Va., flows into the Youghiogeny r. a little below the Great Crossings. It passes within a mile of Wills' creek, a water of the Potomac. FLOURTOWN, v. Springfield ts. Mont gomery co. Pa., 8 m. SE. from Norris- town. FLOYD, co. Ken., bounded N. by Law rence co. E. by Va. S, by Morgan and Pipe, and W. by Morgan, Bath, and Montgomery cos. Pop. 6,302, of whom 184 were slaves, and 15 free colored. Prestonburg is the seat of justice. FLOYD, ts. Oneida co. N. Y., 6 m. E. from Rome, 10 N. from Utica. Iron ore is found here; contains the village of Floyd Corners, 12 m. from Utica; has a churdi, tavern, store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Pop. 1,742. FLOYD, co. In., opposite Louisville, Ken., bounded by the Ohio river SE. Harri son S. and SW. Washington NW. Scott N. and Clarke NE., about 20 m. square. Pop. 9,454. Chief towns, New Albany and Jef- fersonville. FLOYD, v. and cap. Floyd co. Va., con tains a court-house, jail, several stores, &c. FLOYD, co. Va., bounded N. by Mont gomery, E. by Franklin, SE. by Patrick, and SW. by Grayson co. Being situated among the Alleghany mountains, its surface is mountainous, and is watered by Little river. It is much better adapted to grazing than to grain. Floyd is the seat of j ustice. Pop. 4,453, of whom 321 were slaves, and 9 free colored. FLOYD, co. Geo., bounded N. by Walk er, E. by Cass, S. by Paulding co. and W. by Ala. Pop. 4,441, of whom 1,271 were slaves, and 5 free colored. Rome is the seat of justice. FLOYDSBURG, on Floyd's Fork, Jeffer- fion co. Ken., 36 m. W. from Frankfort, and 20 NE. from Louisville. FLOYD'S FORK, r. Ken., which runs into the river Salt. FLUSHING, ts. and v. Queen's co. N. Y., situated about 5 m. E. from New York. The village at the head of Flushing bay, 9 m. E. from the centre of New York, has a number of churches, a respectable semi nary for ladies, 6 extensive stores, 3 hotels, and about 140 dwellings. Pop. 4,124. FLUVANNA, co. central part of Va., bounded N. by Louisa co. E. by Goocliland O 1 co. S. by James river, and W. by Albemarle co. Pop. 8,812, of whom 4,126 were slaves, and 221 free colored. Chief town, Colum bia. FOGLESVILLE, v. Lehigh co. Pa., 76 m. from Harrisburg, and 176 from W. C. FOIN, Point Ju, in St. Lawrence river, the first above river a la Vielle Galette, in Ed- wardsburg, U. Canada. FONDA'S BUSH, or RAWSONVILLE, v. Broadalbin ts. Fulton eo. N. Y., 10 in. NE. from Johnstown; has several churches, 1 grist, saw, paper, and clothing-mill, a num ber of stores, taverns, and about 150 dwell ings. 1"ONDA, v. and seat of justice, Montgo mery co, N. Y., on the Erie canal, a new village, contains the usual county buildings, several stores, and is a flourishing place. FOND DU LAC, co. Wisconsin, S. of Winnebago lake and Fox river, next W. of Sheboyagan co. The chief town is Fond du Lac. F,OND DU LAC, v. Fond du Lac co. Wis., at the southern extremity of Winne bago lake. Pop. 139. FOND DU LAC, a large bay at the W. end of lake Superior, which receives the river St. Louis. The American Fur Compa ny have an establishment on the river, 21 m. above its mouth. FORBES' PURCHASE, a tract of land in Florida, including nearly the whole of the country between the Apalachicola and the Okelochonne rivers, and extending S. to the gulf of Mexico. It comprehends some of the best lands in Florida. FORDS, v. Amity co. Miss. FORD'S ISLAND, small isl. in the At lantic, near the coast of South Carolina. Lon. 79 5' W. Lat. 33 14" N. FORDSVILLE, v. on Pearl river, in Ma rion co. Mississippi, 160 m. SE. by E. from Natchez, and 80 NNE. from New Orleans. FORDSVILLE, v. Cumberland co. Va., 4 m. E. from Cumberland C H. FORD'S FERRY, Gallatin co. II., on the Ohio river, 20 m. below Shawneetown, on the great road from the southern parts of Kentucky and Tennessee to Illinois and Missouri. FORELAND, South, remarkable point of U. C., projecting into lake Erie, and usually called Point Pele". It lies opposite to Huron county, Ohio. FORESTERTON, v. Burlington co. N. J., 15 m. E. from Philadelphia, and US. from Burlington, a cluster of some 8 or 10 farm-houses tipon .an excellent soil of sandy loam. FORESTVILLE, v. Hanover ts. Cha- tauque co. N. Y., 6 m. from lake Erie, and 25 m. NE. from Mayville. FORKED DEER, r. Ten., which runs into the Mississippi, between Obrien and Hatchy rivers. FORK SETTLEMENT, in Clinton co. II., between Shoal creek and Kaskaskia river, 12 m. S. by E. from Carlyle. \ 306 FOR FORRESTBURG, v. Thompson ts. Sulli van co. N. Y. FORSTER'S HARBOR, bay, in Hudson's Strait. Lon. 73 30' W. Lat. 62 18' N. FORSYTH, co. Geo., bounded N. by Lumpkin, E. by Hall, S. by Gwinnett, and W. by Chrochee cos. Gumming is ihe seat of justice. Pop. 5,619, of whom 550 were slaves, and 9 free colored. FORSYTH, t. and cap. Monroe co. Geo., on Chussee creek, 60 m. W. from Milledge- ville, and 700 f.om W. C., contains a court house, jail, and some 15 or 20 houses. FORT ADAMS, v. on the Mississippi r. Wilkinson co. Miss., 41 m. S. from Natchez. FORT AMANDA, fort, Ellen co. Ohio, on a branch of the Auglaize, 49 m. NE. from Greenville, 129 N. from Cincinnati. FORT ANN, ts. Washington co. N. Y., on lake George, 10 m. N. from Sandyhill, 60 N. from Albany. The village is on Wood creek, at the head of navigation, and contains about 40 houses. At this spot stood Fort Ann, often mentioned in the his tory of American wars. Pop. of ts. 3,559. FORT ARMSTRONG, military post, U. S. on Rock Island, at the foot of rapids in the Mississippi, 2 m. above the mouth of Rock r. 400 above St. Louis. In its neigh borhood are a large body of Indians, of the Sack and Fox tribes, who are warlike, and well furnished with horses and fire arms. FORT BLOUNT, or Williamsburg, v. Smith's co. Ten. FORT BROWN, fort, Paulding co. Ohio, 16 m. S. from Fort Defiance. FORT BROWN, at the head of Green Bay, of lake Michigan, and on the left bank of Fox river. Lon. from W. C. 10 30' W. Lat. 44 18' N. FORT CHARTRES, fort, Illinois, in the American bottom, built by the French, at the expense of a million and a half dollars. The ruins still remain, a quarter of a mile from the Mississippi, and 20 m. from Kas- kaskia. FORT CHIPPEWYAN, N. A., on Athapescow lake. Lon. 110 W. Lat. 58 N. FORT CHURCHILL, fort, and settle ment, on the W. coast of Hudson's Bay. 'Lon. 95 W. Lat. 58 50' N. FORT CL AIBORNE, t. Monroe co. Ala., on the E. side of the Alabama, at the head of navigation, 60 m. above its junction with the Tombigbee, 25 E. from St. Ste phens. FORT CLARKE, fort, Illinois, on the W. side of Illinois river. Lat. 40 40' N. FORT COVINGTON, ts. Franklin co. N. Y., on St. Lawrence river, at the mouth of Salmon creek, 235 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 2,094. FORT CRAWFORD, on the point made by the confluence of the Mississippi and Ouisconsin rivers, and about 5 m. above their junction, in Prairie du Chien. It is a very important frontier station and trading establishment. Lon. from W. C. 13 50' W. Lat. 43 5' N. FORT CRAWFORD, v. Conecnh co. Ala., on Murder creek, branch of Conecuh river, 45 m. NNE. from Pensacola, and 60 m. E. from Fort Stoddart. FORT CREVECOEUR, fort, on the coast of Florida. Lon. 85 30' W. Lat. 29 51' N. FORTCULONGE, fort, L. C., on the Ottawa river, 170 in. W. from Montreal. FORT DALE, v. Butler co. Ala., on Mo bile river, 152 m. SSE. from Tuscaloosa. FORT DEARBORN, military post of the U. S., on the S. side of Chicago river, half a mile from its entrance into lake Michigan, 20 m. from the S. end of the lake, and 220 from Fort Howard. Lat 41 53' 11" N. FORT DEFIANCE, fort, Williams co. Ohio, at the junction of the Auglaize and Maumee rivers, 50 m. SW. from Fort Meigs, and 16 N. from Fort Brown. FORT DEFIANCE, v. Wilkes co. N. C. FORT EDWARD, v. in Argyle ts. Wash ington co. N. Y., on the Hudson, near the great bend, 16 m. from lake George, 22 from lake Champlain, 50 N. from Albany. Pop. 1,726. The New York Northern canal from lake Champlain opens into the Hudson at this place, through a lock. FORT EDWARDS, formerly a military post on the Mississippi river, in the SW. part of Hancock co. II., opposite the mouth of the Des Moines river. FORT FERREE, fort, 0., in Upper San- dusky, on Sandusky river, 40 m. S. from Fort Stephenson. FORT FINDLEY, v. Logan co. Ohio, on the route from Urbanna to Fort Meigs, Ohio, 20 m. N. from Fort Necessity. FORT GADSDEN, Florida, on the left bank of Chatahoochee river, near the point where that stream spreads into several chan nels. Lat. 33 15' N. FORT GAINES, Geo., fort, on the E. side of Chatahoochee river, between Lat. 31 and 32 N. FORT GEORGE, v. and fort, in Newark, Lincoln co. U. C., on Niagara river, half a mile from its mouth. The bank of the river, at the site of the fort, is 34 feet hisrh. FORT GEORGE, v. in Caldwell, Warren co. N. Y., at the S. end of lake George, 59 m. N. from Albany. The ruins of the old fort are still to be seen. It was built of stone, and stood near Fort William Henry. FORT GEORGE, isl. on the E. coast of Florida, N. from the entrance of St. John's river. FORT GRATIOT, military post, Mich., on St. Clair river, which defends the entrance into lake Huron. It stands a little belo\v the mouth of the lake. FORT GREENVILLE, fort, Darke co. Ohio, about 33 m. NW. from Dayton. A treaty with the Indians was concluded here in 1795. FOR 307 FORT HAMILTON, fort, Butler co. O., on the Great Miami. FORT HARRISON, t. and cap. Sullivan o. Inl., on the E. side of the Wabash, 65 m. above Vincennes. FORT HAWKINS, t. Jones co. Geo., on a healthy spot, about 1 m. E. from Oakrnul- gee river, and 30 W. from Milledgeville. FORT HOWARD, a military post of the U. S. in Green bay settlement, Michigan, t the mouth of Fox river, 184 m. SW. from Mackinaw, 220 N. from Chicago, and 360 by Fox and Ouisconsin rivers to Prairie du Chien. FORT INDEPENDENCE, fort, on Cas tle Island, in Boston harbor. FORT JACKSON, t. Montgomery co. Alabama, in the forks of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers. FORT JACKSON, v. and cap. Plaque- mines parish, La., 75 m. below New Orleans and 1,278 m. from W. C. FORT JAMES, fort, Geo., on the W. side of the Alatamaha. FORT JEFFERSON, v. Darkc co. Ohio, 5 m. S. from Greenville and 98 W. from Co lumbus, a small but pleasant village. FORT JEFFERSON, Ken., on the Mis sissippi. Lon. 89 46' W. Lat. 36 36' N, FORT JENNINGS, fort, Ohio, 18 m. S. from Fort Amanda. FORT KNOX, fort, Ind., on White river. FORT LAFAYETTE, N. Y., on the Narrows, commanding the entrance of New York bay. FORT LAWRENCE, fort, Geo., on the W. sile of Flint river, 31 m, SW. from Fort Hawkins. FORT LEE BERGEN, a ferry and land ing place in N. J., 10 m. above New York. FORT LIGONIER, fort, Pa., 50 m. E. from Pittsburg. FORT LORAMIE, fort, Ohio, on the head waters of the Great Miami. Lon. 84 17' W. Lat. 40 16' N. FORT MAC ARTHUR, fort, Logan co. Ohio, 21 m. N. from Urbanna. FORT MACINTOSH, fort, Pa., on the Ohio, 25 m. NW. from Pittsburg. FORT MADISON, t. Lee co. Iowa, on the Mississippi river. FORT MALDEN, stood on the Detroit r. above the village of Amherstburg, U. C. The fort has been abandoned since the last war between Great Britain and the U. S. FORT MAS3AC, Pope co. II., on the Ohio river, 38 m. above its mouth. FORT MEIGS, Wood co. O., on the right bank of Maumee, 80 m. SW. from Detroit. FORT MEURON, U. C., station of the Hudson Bay company, on the N. bank of a river which empties into lake Superior at Fort William, 20 m. below. FORT MIAMI, fort, O., on the Maumee. Lon. 81 56' W. Lat. 41 20' N. FORT MICHELL, or Gowda, on the right bank of Chatahoochee r. where the road passes from Milledgeville to New Orleans, about 100 m. SW. by W. from Milledge ville. FORT MILLER, v. Washington co. N.Y., on the bank of the Hudson river, 10 m. be low. Sandy Hill, and 38 N. from Albany, has a church, grist-mill, and about 30 dwellings. There is also a dam here on the river, creat ed for hydraulic purposes. FORT MIRO, fort, Louisiana, on the Wachitta. Lat. 32 32' N. FORT MONTGOMERY, v. and fort, Montgomery co. Ala., near the Alabama r. abouf 12 m. ENE. from Fort Stoddart. FORT MOOSE, fort, at the S. extremity of James' bay, in Hudson's bay, at the mouth of Moose river. FORT OSAGE, on the Missouri 330 m. above its mouth. FORT PETITE COQUILLES, fort, La., on lake Pontchartrain. It is an important post. FORT PICKERING, Shelby co. Ten., at Chickasaw Bluff, below the mouth of Wolf river. FORT PLAIN, v. Montgomery co. N. Y., on the mht bank of Mohawk river, at the mouth of Otsequaga creek, 78 m. N W. by W. from Albany. FORT PORTAGE, fort, U. C., on the Ottawa river, 120 m. W. from Montreal. FORT PORTAGE, Ohio, 18 m. S. from Fort Meigs. FORT RECOVERY, Mercer co. Ohio, on a branch of Wabash river, 23 m. NNW. from Greenville. FORT ROYAL, capital of the island of Granada. FORT ROYAL, fort, on the W. coast of Martinico Island. FORT ROYAL, s-p. Jansaica, on the S. side of the island, in which a thousand sail of ships could anchor with the greatest con venience and safety. It once contained 2,000 houses ; but, in June, 1692, a dreadful earthquake buried nine-tenths of it eight fathoms under water. They, however, re built the town ; but about 10 years after, it was laid in ashes by a terrible fire, and in 1722, one of the most dreadful hurricanes ever known reduced it a third time to a heap of rubbish. Though once a place of the greatest wealth and importance in the West Indies, it is now reduced to three streets, a few lanes, and about 200 houses. It still contains, however, the royal navy- yard, the navy hospital, and barracks for a regiment of soldiers. The fortifications are kept in excellent order, and are remarkably strong. It is 10 m. SW. from Kingston. LOB. 77 W. Lat. 17 50' N. FORT SENECA, v. Seneca co. Ohio, 93 m. a little W. of N. from Columbus, contains about 500 inhabitants. FORTSMOUTH, v. Shenandoah co. Va.. 92 m. W. from W. C. FORTSMOUTH, v. Page co. Va., 83 m. NW. from Richmond. FORT SNELLING, fort, and p. o., a military station at the mouth of St. Peter's FOR FOU river, 200 m. above Prairie du Chien, and 1,060 from W. C. Lat. 44 53' N. FORT ST. CLAIR, Preble co. Ohio, quar ter of a mile S. from Eaton. FORT ST. JEAN DE ULOA,on a rocky island at the mouth of the harbor of Vera Cruz, state of Vera Cruz, Mexico. FORT ST. JUAN, fort, Mexico, in New Leon, on the del Norte. Lon. 101 W. Lat. 29 N. FORT ST. MARY, fort, Louisiana, on E. side of the Mississippi, 6 m. SE. from New Orleans. FORT ST. MARY'S, Ohio, near the sources of St. Mary's river, 23 m. N. from Fort Loramie. FORT ST. PHILIP, fort and v. Plaque- mine co. Louisiana. It is situated at the Plaquemine bend on the Mississippi, 30 m. above Fort Ballze. FORT SMITH, or Belle Point, U. S., fort and the seat of justice of Crawford co. Arkansas, on the S. side of the Arkansas at the junction of the river Poteau. The Arkansas is navigated by steamboats from its mouth to this place, a distance of more than 500 m. FORT STANWIX, fort, in Rome, N. Y., built in 1758 by the British, at the expense of $256,400, and rebuilt from a heap of ruins in the revolutionary war, and called Fort Schuyler. Its ruins are now to be seen near the village of Rome, between the waters of the Mohawk and Wood creek. FORT STEPHENSON, military post, Ohio, on W. side of the Sandusky, at the settlement of Lower Sandusky, 18 m. from the mouth of the river. FORT STOOD ART, v. and fort, Bald win co. Alabama, on W. side of the Mobile, 44 m. above its entrance into Mobile bay, and 1,036 from W. C. FORT STOTHER, St. Clair co. Ala., on the right bank of Coosa river, 20 m. SE. from St. Clairsville. FORT TOWSON or CANTONMENT TOWSON, situated 10 m. N. from the ef flux of the Kiameche into Red river, about 200 m. SSW. from Little Rock, Arkansas. FORTVILLE, v. Wilton t. Saratoga co. N. Y., 19 m. NE. from Ballston Spa, has a small woollen factory, tavern, and some 15 or 20 dwellings. FORT WAYNE, v. and cap. of Allen co. In., 141 m. from Indianapolis, and 561 m. from W. C. FORT WINNEBAGO, situated on the portage ground between the Wisconsin arid Fox rivers, in Portage co. Wisconsin, 256 m. NW. from Chicago, and 150 above Prairie du Chien. FORTVILLE, v. Jones co. Geo., 31 m. W. from Milledseville. FORT WASHINGTON, v. on the left bank of Potomac river, and on the point above the mouth of Piscataway creek, Prince Georges co. Md., 15 m. below W. C. FORT WAYNE, v. Kandolph co. In., by post-road 175m. NNE. from Indianapolis, 157 NW. from Columbus in Ohio. FORT WILLIAM, U. C., station of the NW. Fur Company, on the N. bank of the Kaminiticuvia, which is here half a mile wide, and empties into lake Superior, a mi le below the fort. Lat. 48 N. FORT WILLIAMS, Ala., on the E. side of the Coosa, in the country of the Upper Creeks, about 60 m. above Fort Jackson. FORTUNE, bay, in the S. coast of New foundland, inclosed by Miquelon island, and Point May. FOSTER'S SETTLEMENT, Macon co. II., 5 m. S. from Decatur on Mounse's creek, contains 60 or 70 families. FOSTER, ts. Providence co. R. I., 18 m. W. from Providence, 453 from W. C. Here are several cotton manufactories. Watered by Hemlock brook, Ponongansett and Moo- sup rivers. Pop. 2,181. FOSTER'S FERRY, v. Sussex co. N. J. FOSTERVILLE, v. Aurelius ts. Cayuga co. N. Y. FOTHERINGAY, v. Montgomery co.Va. FOUCAULT, Seigniory, Bedford co. L.C., between Missisque bay, the N. boundary of the U. S. and Richelieu river. FOULKSTOWN, v. Columbiana co. 0., 166 m. NE. from Columbus and 13 SE. from New Lisbon. FOULWEATHER, Cape, NW. coast of America. Lon. 236 4' W. Lat. 44 49' N. FOUNTAIN, co. In., bounded N. and W. by the Wabash r., E. by Montgomery and Tippecanoe, and S. by Parke. Its principal streams, besides the Wabash, are Coal and Shawnee creeks. Coyington, 81 m. W. of Indianapolis, is the capital. Pop. 11,218. FOUNTAINDALE, settlement in the forks of the Du Page, Cook co. II., 30 m.W. from Chicago. Here are perennial springs, beautiful timber, rich soil, and good society of industrious and enterprising farmers. FOUNTAIN GREEN, v. Hancock co. II., 10 m. NE. from Carthage, a flourishing settlement. FOUNTAIN SPRING, v. Warren co, Ten., 72 m. SE. from Nashville. FOUNTAIN A RENAULT, v. Washing ton co. Miso., 128 m. above, and NW. by W. from Little Rock. FOUR MILE PRAIRIE, Perry co. n., adjoining Pinckneyville, containing a dense settlement, and lies between the Big Beau- coup and Little Elm creeks. FOURCHE AU CADO, branch of Wash- itau river, entering from the left. It rises between Washitau proper, and Little Mis souri. FOUR CORNERS, v. Huron co. O., 110 m. N. from Columbus, and 8 m. from Nor- walk, the county seat. FOUR CORNERS, v. Oswego co. N. Y., 14 m. from Rotterdam, 329 from W. C. FOUR CORNERS, v. Lincoln county Me. FOUR MILE BRANCH, v. Barnwell district, S. C. FOU FRA 309 FOUR MILE CREEK, r. Kentucky, cvhich runs into the Ohio. FOUR MILE, creek, rises in Preble co. 0., and enters into Big Miami 2 miles above RossvilJe, in the county of Butler. It is about 40 miles in length. FOWLER, t. St. Lawrence co. N.Y. Pop. in 1820, 605 ; in 1830, 1,447. FOWLER, pts. Trumbull co. 0., 12 m. NE. from Warren, 169 N. from Columbus, and contains about 200 inhabitants. FOWLERVILLE, v. Fowler t. St. Law rence co. N. Y., 35 m. S. from Ogdensburer, has a blast furnace and a number of dwell ings. FOXBOROUGH, t. Norfolk co. Mass., 26 m. SSW. from Boston, and 15 S. from Ded- hara. Its manufactures consist of cotton and woollen goods, boots, shoes, leather, iron castings, straw bonnets, shovels, spades, hoes and forks. Amount, annually, $230,000.' Pop. 1,298. FOX CAPE, Pacific coast of N.America. Lat. 54 45' N. FOXCHASE, v. Philadelphia co. Pa., 8 m. from Philadelphia. FOX CREEK, r. which rises in Albany co. N.Y., and runs into the Schoharie river in the town of Schoharie. Length, 17 m. FOXCROFT, t. Piscataquis co. Me., 82 m. NNW. from Castine, 270 NE. from Bos ton. The village, with an academy, is very pleasantly situated on the bank of Piscata- quis river, and has the appearance of pros perity. Pop. 926. FOX ISLANDS, small islands on the S. side of the gulf of St. Lawrence. FOX ISLANDS, in the centre of Penob- scot bay, Maine. They contain about 10,000 acres, and constitute the town of Vinalhaven. FOX LOACS GROVE, t. Limestone co. Ala., 269 m. N. from Cahawba. FOX RIVER, r. Canada, which empties into the gulf of St. Lawrence. FOX RIVER, r. which runs into the Wa- bash, 15 m. above its mouth. FOX RIVER, onp of the principal branch es of the Illinois. It rises in Wisconsin ter ritory, passes through a series of small lakes about the boundary line, and enters the Illi nois river at Ottawa. FOX RIVER, Wisconsin Territory, U. S., which runs through lake Winnebago, and flows NE. into Green bay. It is connected with the Ouisconsin by a portaare of 4 m. FOX RIVER, r. Indiana, which runs into the Theakiki. FOXTOWN, v. Stroud ts. Monroe co. Pa., on the road from Stroudsburg to Dutots- burg. FOXTOWN, v. Venango co. Pa., 20 m. E. of the borough of Franklin. FOXVILLE, v. Fauquier co. Va., 64 m. W. from Washington. FOXVILLE, v. W. part of Racine co. Wisconsin, on a branch of Fox river. FRAMINGHAJM, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 22 m. WSW. from Boston, 415 from W. C. Here are an academy, a cotton manufactory, an extensive woollen factory, making about 270,000 yards annually. It has also other manufactories of boots, leather, paper, straw bonnets, c. &c. Pop. 3,030. FRAMPTON, t. Dorchester and Hert ford cos. L. C., between Cranbourne and lalliet, 30 m. SE. from Quebec. FRANCESTOWN, ts. Hillsborough co. N. H., 12 m. NW. from Amherst, 496 from W. C. It is a considerable town, and con tains two valuable quarries of soap-stone, a valuable quarry of free-stone of a dark greyish color, when polished resembling the varigated marble of Vermont. Black lead has been found of good quality, and com mon garnet is met with ia various places. Pop. 1,307. FRANCIS, v. St. Genevieve co. Miso. FRANCIS, Point, cape, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 48 44' N. FRANCISBURG, v. Union co. Ken., 240 m. from Frankfort. FRANCOIS, River, U. C., runs SW. from lake Nepising into lake Huron ; it has several portages ; that nearest to lake Nepi sing is called Portage de Trois Chaudiers, in length about half a mile. FRANCOIS, v. Wayne co. Miso. FRANCOIS, Cape, fine town in the N. part of the island of St. Domingo, belong ing to the French, who often call it the Cape, by way of eminence. It was almost ruined by the dreadful commotions which attended the French revolution. FRANCONIA, ts. Grafton co. N. H., 28 m. NE. from Haverhill. There are 2 manufactories of iron in this township, consisting of a blast furnace, air furnace, a forge and trip-hammer shop ; there are also near or connected with the establish ment, grain and saw-mills, several shops and other buildings. Pop. 523. FRANCONIA, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 800. FRANKFORD, v. Cumberland co. Pa., 28 m. from Harrisburg, and 121 from W. C. FRANKFORD, v. Philadelphia co. Pa., on a small creek, which runs into the Del aware, H m. below. It is 5 m. NE. from Philadelphia. It has a number of manufac turing establishments, and is a pleasant vil lage. The Friends have here an Asylum for the Insane, with a spacious and commo dious building. Pop. about 2,000. FRANKFORT, v. Greenbrier co. Va. ? 74 m. from Christiansburg, 231 m. from Har- risburg, and 273 from W^C. FRANKFORT, t. Hampshire co. Va., on a creek which runs into the Potomac, 13 m. N W. from Romney, 4 S. of the Potomac. FRANKFORT, ts. Waldo eo. Me., on the W. side of Penobscot river, at the head of water navigation ; 26m. N. from Castine, 12 S. from Bangor. It is well watered by Marsh river, on which are two beautiful villages. Pop. 3,603. FRANKFORT, ts. Herkimer co. N. Y., on the Mohawk. Pop. 2,620. FRANKFORT, t. Franklin co. Ken., the 310 FRA political metropolis of the state, is situated on the N. bank of the Kentucky, 60 m. above its entrance into the Ohio. The en virons of the beautiful plain, on which the town is built, are remarkable for their ro mantic and splendid scenery. The river divides the town into Frankfort and South Frankfort, which are connected by a bridge across the Kentucky, which here flows be tween banks 4 or 500 feet in height. Both divisions contain about 3,500 inhabitants. The State House is entirely of marble, with a front presenting a portico supported by Ionic colums, the whole having an aspect of magnificence. It contains the customary legislative halls, and apartments for the Court of Appeals and the Federal Court. The stair-way under the vault of the dome has been much admired. The penitentiary in general contains over 100 convicts, and is one of the few establishments of the kind in the U. States, the income from which exceeds the expenses. Its other buildings are three churches, an academy, and county court-house. It has a number of respecta ble manufacturing establishments, among which are three manufactories of cotton- bagging, a rope-walk, a cotton factory, two larsre warehouses, and the usual number of corresponding establishments. It is at the head of steam-boat navigation, having 3 or 4 steam-boats in regular employ, when the stage of water in the river admits ; and is a place of considerable commercial enterprise. The public inns are on a respectable footing ; and it is a place of much show and gaiety. The houses in particular are singularly neat, many of them being built of the beautiful marble furnished by the banks of the river. Sea-vessels have been built here, and float ed to New Orleans. It is situated 212 m. from Nashville, 808 from New Orleans, 20 NW. from Lexington, 149 from Indianapo lis, 252 from Vandalia, 550 from Washing ton, 321 from St. Louis, and 85 from Cin cinnati. Pop. 1,917. FRANKFORT, v. Beaver co. Pa., 231 m. from Harrisburg, 254 from W. C. and about 15 m. S. of Beaverton, contains 15 or 20 houses. FRANKFORT, v. Morgan co. Va., on Patterson's creek, a branch of the Potomac, 12m. from Cumberland, in Md. FRANKFORT, v. and cap. Franklin co. II., 47 m. NW. by W. from Shawneetown, and 65 SE.by E. from Kaskaskia; contains a number of stores, groceries, and tan-yards, together with a horse mill, a distillery, and about 200 inhabitants. FRANKFORT, v. Guernsey co. Ohio, 15 m. E. from Cambridge, on the old road lead ing from Zanesville to Wheeling in Virginia. FRANKFORT, Concord ts. Ross co. O., on the N. fork of Paint creek, 45 m. S. from Columbus, and 11 NW. from Chillicothe; has several churches, taverns, stores, 18 or 20 mechanic shops, 40 or 50 dwellings. FRANKFORT, v. Pike co. Miso., 94 m. NW. from St. Louis. FRANKFORT, t. and cap. Clinton co. In., 50 m. NNW. from Inlianapolis ; con tains a court-house, jail, several stores and taverns, and is a place of some trade and increasing importance. FRANKFORT, v. Franklin co. Miso., on the Meramec river, 70 m. ESE. from Jeffer son city. FRANKLIN, v. Walworth co. Wis. FRANKLIN, v. Kirkland t. Oneida co. N. Y., on the Oriskany creek and Chenango canal, 2 m. above Clinton, has a saw-mill, tavern, several stores, and about 15 dwellings. FRANKLIN, v. and cap. Simpson co. Ken., 165m. SW. from Frankfort, 705 from W. C. ; contains the usual county buildings, several stores and taverns. FRANKLIN, v. Macon co. II., on Salt creek,, 20 m. NW. of Decatur. FRANKLIN, v. Morgan co. II., 13 m. SE. from Jacksonville ; has several stores, and from 20 to 25 families. FRANKLIN, v. in the NE. part of Wayne co. In., on Nettle creek. FRANKLIN, co. Vt., on lake Cham- plain. Chief town, St. Albans. Pop. 20,801. FRANKLIN, v. and cap. Johnson co. In., 20 m. S. of Indianapolis, and 593 from W. C. ; a flourishing place. FRANKLIN, ts. Franklin co. Vt., 96 m. NE. from Burlington. The surface of the township is rough, but the soil is well adapted for sheep. Pop. 1,410. FRANKLIN, co. Mass., on both sides of Connecticut river, N. of Hampshire co.. Pop. 28,812. Chief town, Greenfield. FRANKLIN, ts. Norfolk co. Mass., 8 m. SW. from Dedham, 26 SW. from Boston. There are 5 cotton mills in this township, and manufactures of straw bonnets, shoes, boots, boxes, and boats; annual amount, $210,000. Pop. 1,717. FRANKLIN, t. New London co. Ct., on the W. side of the Shetucket, adjoining Nor wich. There is a woollen factory on Bea ver brook, but the chief employment of the people is rearing sheep. Pop. 1,000. FRANKLIN, co. N. part of N. Y., bounded N. by Canada, E. by Clinton and Essex cos. S. by Essex and Hamilton cos. and W. by St. Lawrence co. Pop. 16,518. Chief town, Malone. FRANKLIN, v. and cap. Macon co. N. C., 333 m. from Raleigh, and 587 from W. C., in the W. part of the state. FRANKLIN, ts. and v. Delaware co. N. Y., on the Susquehannah, N. of Delhi, 346 m. from W. C., and 93 from Albany. The village has several churches, a theological seminary, the Delaware Institute, clothing works, &c., and from 40 to 50 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 3,025. FRANKLIN, co. NW. part of Ala., on the S. side of Tennessee river, bounded N. by Lauderdale, E. by Lawrence, S. and W. by Marion cos. Russellville is the seat of justice. Pop. 14, 270. FRANKLIN, co. S. part of Pa., bounded NE. by Cumberland co. E. by Adams co. S. FRA 311 by Maryland, and W. by Bedford cos. Chief town, Chambersburg. Pop. 37,793. FRANKLIN, t. and cap. Venango co. Pa., at the junction of French creek with the Alleghany, 25 m. SE. from Meadville, 63 N. from Pittsburg, 237 from W. C. The cele brated oil springs are 11 m. NE. of this town. They rise from the bed of Oil creek, and afford an inexhaustible supply of oil. The village contains a court-house, jail, an academy, several stores and taverns, and various mechanic shops. Pop. 600. FRANKLIN, co. S. part of Va., bounded NW. by Botetourt co. NE. by Bedford co. E. by Pittsylvania co. S. by Henry and Pat rick cos. and W. by Montgomery co. Pop. 15,832, of whom 5,158 were slaves, and 174 free colored. Chief town, Rocky Mount. FRANKLIN, v. and cap. Pendleton co. Va., on S. branch of the Potomac, 35 m. SW. from Moorfield, 55 N. from Bath, 190 from W. C. ; contains the customary county build ings, and about 30 dwellings. FRANKLIN, t. Russell co. Va., 20 m. WNW. from Abinsdon. FRANKLIN, co. N. part of N. C., bounded N. by Warren, E. by Nash, S. by Wake, and W. by Granville cos. Pop. 10,980, of whom 5,322 were slaves, and 433 free colored. Chief town, Louisburg. FRANKLIN, co. central part of Ohio, bounded N. by Delaware, E. by Licking, S. by Pickaway, and W. by Madison. Pop. 25,949. Chief towns, Franklinton and Co lumbus. FRANKLIN, pts. Warren co. Ohio, on the Great Miami, 10 m. NW. from Lebanon, 34 N. by E. from Cincinnati ; contains about 2,500 inhabitants. FRANKLIN, co. N. part of Ken., bounded N. by Owen, E. by Scott, S. by Anderson, and W. by Shelby cos. Pop. 9,420, of whom 2,849 were slaves, and 234 free colored. Chief town, Frankfort. FRANKLIN, co. West Tennessee, bound ed N. by Warren, E. by Marion cos. S. by Ala., and W. by Lincoln. Pop. 12,033, of whom 3,085 were slaves, and 13 free co lored. Chief town, Winchester. FRANKLIN, t. and cap. Williamson co. Ten., on the Harpath, 17 m. SSW. from Nashville, 767 from W. C. Pop. about 2,000. It is a pleasant town, and one of the largest and most flourishing in the state. It contains the county buildings, a bank, a printing-office, where a newspaper is pub lished, several churches, an academy, various mechanic shops, and is a place of considera ble trade. FRANKLIN, co. SE. part of Indiana, bounded N. by Fayetteand Union cos., E. by O., S. by Ripley and Dearborn, and W. by Decatur cos. Chief town, Brookville. Pop. in 1830, 10,190, in 1840, 13,349. FRANKLIN, v. and cap. St. Mary's parish, La., 150 m. from New Orleans. Lon. 91 58' W. Lat. 30 1' N. FRANKLIN, co. Florida, bounded N. by Washing and Gadsdcn cos. E. and S. by the Gulf of Mexico, and W. by the Gulf of Mexico. Chief town, St. Joseph. FRANKLIN, co. II., bounded N. by Jef ferson, E. by Gallatin and Hamilton, S. by Johnson and Union, and W. by Jackson and Perry. Pop. 3,682. Chief town, Frank fort. FRANKLIN, co. Miso., bounded N. by Warren and St. Charles, E. by St. Louis and Jefferson, S. by Washington and Craw ford, and W. by Gasconade cos. Pop. 7,515, of whom 1,054 were slaves, and 14 free colored. Chief town, Union. FRANKLIN, t. Howard co. Miso., on the Missouri, 160 m. from St. Louis. FRANKLIN, co. NW. part of Geo. Pop. 10,135. Chief town, Carnesville. FRANKLIN, co. Miss., bounded N. by Jefferson, E. by Lawrence, S. by Amite, aiid W. by Adams cos. Pop. 4,775, of whom 2,699 were slaves, and 13 free colored. Meadsville is the seat of justice. FRANKLIN, t. Attakapas co. La., 1,327 m. from W. C. FRANKLIN CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs SE. into the Great Miami, below Franklin. FRANKLIN FURNACE, v. Green ts. Scioto co. O., 16 m. SE. from Portsmouth, contains some 20 or 30 dwellings. FRANKLIN FURNACE, v. Hardiston ts. Sussex co. N. J., in the valley of the Wallkill, 1 1 m. NE. from Newton, contains 2 forges of 2 fires each, a cupola furnace, woollen manufactory for broad cloth, and some 20 or 30 dwellings, and is a place of considerable business. FRANKLIN MILLS, v. Franklin ts. Portage co. O., on the road from Ravenna to Acron. FRANKLIN SETTLEMENT, Chicot co. Arkansas, lllm. SE. from Little Rock. FRANKLIN SQUARE, v. Salem ts. Co- lumbiana co. O., 6 m. N. from New Lisbon. It contains a tavern, several stores, from 20 to 30 dwellings, also an extensive woollen factory, oil mills, 8 flouring-mills, &c. &c. FRANKLINTON, v. Franklin ts. Frank lin co. Ohio, 1 m. W. from Columbus, has 60 dwellings, a large flouring-mill, and a manufactory of silk, and several stores. FRANKLINTON, v. Middleburg t. Scho- harie co. N. Y., 12 m. SE. from Schoha/ie, has 1 grist, 1 saw, 1 plaster-mill, and some 10 or 12 dwellings. FRANKLINTOWN, t. and cap. Wash- ington parish, La., 60 m. W. of N. from New Orleans, 1,150 m.from W. C., contains a court-house, jail, and about 30 houses. FRANKLINVILLE, t. and cap. Lowndes co. Geo., 187 m. S. from Milledgeville, 829 from W. C. ; it has the usual county build ings, and some fine houses. FRANKLINVILLE, v. Fishkill ts. Dutch- ess co. N. Y., on Wappinger's creek ; an extensive manufacturing place. It contains extensive print works, printing 4,500,000 yards per annum, and employing 1 10 hands, the Phenix factory, 6 stories high, occupied 312 FRA-FRE partly as a comb manufactory, and partly as a veneer saw-mill, a grist-mill with 5 run of stones, grinding 30,000 bushels of wheat per annum, and about 60 dwellings. FRANKLINVILLE, Fabius ts. Schoharie CO. N. Y., 18 m. SE. from Syracuse, has several churches, several stores and groceries, a tannery, and from 35 to 40 dwellings. FRANKLINVILLE, v. Cattaraugus co. N. Y., 289 m. SW. by W. from Albany, contains a number of churches, 4 or 5 stores, a tannery, and about 60 dwellings. FRANKSTOWN, t. Huntingdon co. Pa., on Frankstown river, 20 m. SW. by W. from Huntingdon, 114 from Harrisburg, and 172 from W. C., situated on the Penn. canal, contains several stores, various mechanic shops, and has considerable trade. FRANKSTOWN-BRANCH, r. Pa., the NW. branch of the Juniata, rises in Bedford co. and joins the Raystown-branch, 2 m. below the borough of Huntingdon, and forms the Juniata. FRARESAU, v. Miso., on the road from St. Charles to St. Louis. FRAZER, v. Chester co. Pa., 74 m. E. of Harrisburg. FRAZEYSBURG, v. Jackson ts. Musk- ingum co. O., on the Ohio and Erie canal, a small and pleasant village with about 100 inhabitants. FREDERICA, t. Kent co. Delaware, at the forks of Motherkill, a branch of Dela ware river ; 7 m. from Milford, 12 E. from Dover, contains some 20 or 30 houses. FREDERICA, a town of the state of Georgia, in Glynn co. and the W. side of St. Simon Island, with a safe and commodious harbor, 64 m. SW. of Savannah. Lon. 80 56' W. Lat. 31 6' N., contains several stores, and some 40 or 50 houses. FREDERICK, co. Md., on the Potomac, bounded N. by Va., E. by Carrol, S. by Montgomery, and W. by Washington cos. Pop. 36,405, of whom 4,345 were slaves, and 2,985 free colored. Chief town, Fred erick. FREDERICK, t. Cecil co. Md., on the Sassafras, opposite Georgetown, 19 m. NE. from Chestertown. FREDERICK, co. Va., bounded N. by Morgan, E. by London, S. by Rappahan- nock, and W. by Hampshire cos. Pop. 14,242, of whom 2,302 were slaves, and 821 free colored. Chief town, Winchester. FREDERICK POINT, U. C., is on the E. side of Kingston harbor, and on the W. side of Haldimand cove, which is made by it and Point Henry. FREDERICKSBURG, t. Spottsylvania co. Va., and one of the most flourishing com mercial towns in the state, is regularly laid out, on the SW. bank of the Rappahannock river, 1 10 in. from its mouth, 57 SW. from W. C. 66 N. from Richmond. Lon. 77 33' W. Lat. 38 18' N. It contains a court house, jail, academy, 2 banks, and 4 houses of pubiic worship. It is advantageously situated for trade, near the head of naviga tion on the KappahannocR, in the midst of a fertile and well cultivated country. Ves sels of 130 or 140 tons ascend as far as this place, and large quantities of corn, flour, to bacco, and other produce, are brought from the surrounding country for exportation. The annual value of exports has been esti mated at $4,000,000. Pop. 3,974. FREDERICKSBURG, t. Washington co. Indiana, on Big Bine river. 20 m. NW. from Corydon, 103 from Indianapolis, and 620 from W. C. ; contains several stores, vari ous mechanic shops, and is a place of con siderable trade and increasing importance. FREDERICKSBURG, t." Gallatin co. Ken., 54 m. N. from Frankfort, and 548 from W. C., on the Ohio river, is a flourish ing village of some 30 or 40 houses. FREDERICKSBURG, t. Lenox co. U. C., on the bay of Quinte, W. of Ernestown. FREDERICKSBURG, v. Salt Creek ts. Wayne co. 0., 9 m. SE. from Wooster, 95 NE. from Columbus, has several stores and taverns, 2 churches, a woollen factory, about 20 mechanic shops of various descriptions y and from 400 to 500 inhabitants. FREDERICKSBURG, v. Union ts. War ren co.O., a small village of 15 or 20 dwell ings. FREDERICKSBURG, v. Washington co. Ken., 7 m. NW. from Springfield, 59 from Frankfort, and 610 from W. C.,on Chaplin's creek, is a small village of some 15 or 2& dwellings. FREDENSBURG, v. Wayne ts. Schuyl- kill co. Pa., 10 m. from Orwigsburg, 47 from Harrisburg, and 161 from W. C. ; contains- several stores, various mechanic shops, and about 30 houses. FREDERICKTON, or St. Anne, cap. of New Brunswick, on St. John's river, at the head of sloop navigation, about 90 m. above its mouth. FREDERICKTOWN, city and cap. Fred erick co. Md., on a branch of Monocasy creek, 43 m. NNW. from W. C., 42 m. W. from Baltimore. Lat. 39 24' N. The pub lic buildings are an elegant court-house, a jail, bank, brick market-house, academy, and 7 houses of public worship. It is a very flourishing town, and has considerable trade with the back country. Great quantities of leather, shoes, hats, saddles, and gloves, are sent to Baltimore. FREDERICKTOWN, t. Knox co. O., 7 m. N. from Mount Vernon, 40 NE. from Co lumbus, contains several mercantile stores, an academy, a number of churches and taverns, sundry mechanic shops, and from 500 to 600 inhabitants. FREDERICKTOWN, t. and cap. Madi son co. Miso., near St. Michael's, 170 m. from Jefferson City, in the midst of lead and iron-ore, has several large stores, a brick court-house, a flourishing school for girls, and one for boys, a Catholic church, and is a place of thriving business and importance. The quantity of lead made at the Lamotte mines, is about 1,000,000 Ibs. per annum. FEE FREDERICKTOWN, v. Washington co. Pa., on the left bank of Monongahela river, 2 m. below the mouth of Ten-Mile creek, and 8 above Brownsville. FRED ONI A, v. Montgomery co. Ten., 55 m. NW. from Nashville. FREDONIA, v. Chatauque co. N.Y., 45 m. from Buffalo, and 45 from Erie, on the road between the two latter places, and 4 m. from Dunkirk on lake Erie, and 315 from Albany ; contains 4 churches, a printing-of fice, 2 grist and 4 saw-mills, 2 clothing- works, a number of taverns, 10 or 12 stores, 1 ex tensive tannery, a foundery, and about 120 dwellings. The village is lighted by gas. FREDONIA, v. and cap. Crawford co. In., on Ohio river, 5 m. below the mouth of Great Blue river, and 15 m. a little S. of W. from Corydon ; contains a court-house, jail, several stores and taverns, and is a place of considerable trade. FREEBURG, v. Union co. Pa., contains some 10 or 12 houses. FREEDOM, ts. Waldo co. Me., 28 m. NE. from Augusta, and 20 ESE. from Bel fast; a good farming township. Pop. 1,153. FREEDOM, v. Freedom ts. Caltaraugus co. N.Y., 26 m. NE. from Ellicottsville, has a store, tavern, and 15 or 20 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,831. FREEHOLD, v. Greene co. N.Y., on Catskill creek, 20 m. NW. from Hudson, and 27 SSW. from Albany ; contains a grist and saw-mill, shinsle-mill, carding machine, and about 25 dwellings. FREEHOLD, or Monmouth, v. and seat of justice, Monmouth co. N. J., 15 m. SW. by W. from Shrewsbury, 25 SE. by E. from Bordentown, 201 from W. C., and 36 from Trenton. It is a pleasant place, and has an academy, court-house, jail, and public of fices, 5 churches, 5 or 6 stores, and 35 or 40 dwellings. FREEMAN, ts. Franklin co. Me., 40 m. NW. from Norridgewock. It is the source of a b-anch of Sandy river. Pop. 838. FREEMANSBURG, v. Bethlehem ts. Northampton co. Pa., 8 m. from Easton ; a small village of about 20 dwellings. FREEPORT, v. Washington ts. Warren co. O. ; a small hamlet. TREE'S SETTLEMENT, St. Clair co. IL, 18 m. SE. from Belleville, on the borders of a handsome prairie. FREEMAN'S STORE, v. Jones co. Geo., 14 m. W. from Milledgeville. FREEPORT, ts. Cumberland co. Me., 20 m. NE. from Portland, and 36 from Augus ta. This is a place of some navigation, ship building, and agricultural enterprise. Pop. 2,662. FREEPORT, v. Armstrong co. Pa., on the right bank of Alleghany river, at the mouth of Buffalo creek, 15 m. below Kitta- nin?, and 26 above Pittsburg. FREEPORT, v. in the SW. angle of Har rison co.O., 36 m. from Coshocton, 18 from the Ohio canal, and 100 from Columbus; con tains 6 or 8 stores, 2 warehouses, 4 meeting- P 1 313 houses, 20 mechanic shops, and from 60 to 70 dwellings ; a flourishing place. FREETOWN, ts. Bristol co. Mass., left side of Taunton river, 40 m. S. of Boston. Its manufactures consist of iron castings, cutlery, shovels, spades, hoes, forks, nails, laths, boots, shoes, vessels, &c. Annual amount upwards of $40,000. Population. 1,772. FREETOWN, ts. Cortlandt co. N. Y., 140m. from Albany; contains the village of Free Corners, which has 3 churches, 1 grist, 1 saw-mill and about 20 dwellings. Pop. 950. FRENCH BROAD RIVER, one of the sources of Tennessee river. It rises in South Carolina, and crossing the western part of North Carolina, enters Tennessee through a breach in the mountain, and joins the Holston, llm. above Knoxville. It is navigable for boats nearly the whole'of its course in Tennessee. About 30 miles from its mouth is a large medicinal warm spring. FRENCH CREEK, r. Pa., which runs into the Alleghany, 80 m. N. by E. from Pittsburg. It was the usual French route from lake Erie to the Ohio. FRENCH CREEK, r. Ken., which runs into the Ohio. FRENCH CREEK, ts. Chatauque co. N. Y., 355 m. W. from Albany, a greater part a wilderness. Pop. 621. FRENCH CREEK, r. rises in Berks co. Pa., and flowing SE. enters Chester co. falls into Schuylkill river, 10 m. above Norris- town. FRENCH CREEK, r. rises in Chatauque co. N. Y., enters Pa. in Erie co. and con tinuing by comparative courses to Meadville, there receives the Cassawago, turns to NE. 25 m. and unites with the Alleghany river at Franklin. It is navigable as high as the mouth of Bceuf creek, 5 m. S. from Water- ford. FRENCHMAN'S BAY, Me., lying be tween Mount Desert Island and the penin sula of Goldsborough. It communicates with Bluehill Bay. It is easy of access, never obstructed with ice, and is one of the best retreats in a storm on the American coast. FRENCH MILLS, t. Onslow co. N. C., 158 m. SE. from Raleigh, contains about 30 dwellings. FRENCH RIVER, r. Upper Canada, which rises in lake Nepising, and after a course of 75 miles, enters lake Huron, ia lat. 45 53' N. FRENCH, r. which rises in Mass., and joins the Quinebaue in Thompson, Ct. FRENCH SETTLEMENT, in SE. part of Lawrence co. II., 10 m. from Law- renceville. Of the population, which con sists of 60 families, about one half are French. FRENCHTON, v. Dinwiddie co. Va., has 2 stores, a tavern, and some 15 or 20 houses. FRENCHTOWN, landing, Cecil co. Md., 314 FEE FUL on the east side of Elk r. 1 m. S. from Elk- ton, at the teimination of the New Castle and Frenchtown railroad. FRENCHTOWN, t. Monroe co. Michi gan, on the Saline river, opposite Monroe, contains several stores, various mechanic shops, and has considerable trade. FRENCH VILLAGE, v. II., 5 m,E. from St. Louis, and contains 15 or 20 families. FRENEUSE, lake, N. Brunswick, through which St. John river passes. FREYSTOWN, v. Spring Garden ts. York co. Pa., the eastern suburb of the borough of York, though not within its limits. FRIENDSHIP, to. Lincoln co. Me., 30 m. E. from Wiscasset, 48 m. SE. from Au gusta. It is a place of considerable trade and navigation. Pop. 725. FRIENDSHIP, v. Anne Arundel; co. Md. FRIENDSHIP, ts. and v. Alleghany co. N. Y.; 10 m. SW. from Angelica. The vil lage contains a number of churches, stores, taverns, 2 grist and 3 saw-mills, clothing works, and about 50 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,244. FRIENDSVILLE, v. Susquehatinah co. Pa., 184 m. from Harris burg, 283 from W. C., contains some 15 or 20 dwellings. FROBISHER'S STRAITS, a little north of Cape Farewell, and West Greenland, dis covered by Sir Martin Frobisher. Lon. 42 W. lat. 63 N. FROG'S POINT, or Frog's Neck, West- chester co. N. Y., on Long Island Sound, 9 m. NE. from Haerlem Heights. FRONTROYAL, v. Frederick co. Va., 139 m. from Richmond and 15 from W. C., a small village of about 30 houses. FROSTBURG, v. Alleghany co. Md., situate on the national road, 10m. W. from Cumberland. This is perhaps the most ele vated town in the United States, being, ac cording to Mr. Schriver, 1792 feet above tide-water in Chesapeake bay. This vil lage is 145 m. from W. C., has some 20 or 30 dwellings. FRUITHILL, v. Ckarfield co. Pa., 130 m. NW. from Harrisburg. FRUIT, v. Callaway co. Miso., 48 m. N. from Jefferson city. FRUITSTOWN, v. Columbia co. Pa., 15 m. N. from Danvjlle, 96 from Harrisburg, is a small village of some 15 or 20 dwellings and various mechanics. FRYEBURG, ts. Oxford co. Me., and the seat of an academy, with a cabinet of rare curiosities collected with much diligence, lying on the N. branch of Saco river, 58 m. NW. of Portland. Pop. 1,556. FRYING? AN SHOALS, off Cape Fear r. N. C. FRYSBURG, v. Upper Saucon t. Le- high co. Pa., 12 SE. from Allentown. FUERTE RIO, r. Mexico, in Sonora, flows into the gulf of California. FULGHAMPTON, v. Copia co. Miss., 50 m. SSW. from Jackson. FULLENWIDERS, t. Lincoln co. N. C., 194 m. SW. by W. from Raleigh. FULLERTON, PotW, cape, on the W. coast of Antigua. Lon. 61 35' W. Lat. 17 13' N. It is also the name cf a cape in Hudson's bay. Lon.8820'W.Lat.64JO'N. FULLING-MILLS, v. Kent co. R. I. FULLMOON SHOALS, shoal cf cape Hatteras, N. C^ having 10 or 12 feet at low water. FULLOM'S BASIN, v. Perrinton ts. Monroe co. N. Y., on the Erie canal, 13 m. SE. from Rochester, a small village, and contains a warehouse and tavern. FULTON, v. Lawrence ts. Stark co. O., 13 m. W. from Canton. It is a place of considerable business, contains 6 large ware houses, several extensive dry-good stores, a number of groceries and taverns, one steam saw-mill, a tannery and brewery, a full supply of mechanics, about fiO dwell ings, and is a place of much business. FULTON, v. and cap. Itawamba co. Mis., in the NE. part of the state, on the head waters of the Tombigbee, contains the usual county buildings, stores, taverns, &c. FULTON, co. N. part of Indiana, bound ed N. by Marshall, E. by Kosciuskc* and Miami, S. by Cass, and W. by PulaskL Watered chiefly by the Tippecanoe r. and its branches. Pop. 1,993. FULTON, v. Volney ts. Oswego co. N. Y., on the Oswego river, at the falls, 10 m. SE. from Oswego. It is a thriving place, having an invaluable water power, 2 churches, an academy, several mills, clothing works, trip-hammer shop, stores, and about 100 dwellings. FULTON, v. Alexander co. II. , at the mouth of the Ohio river, and is a flourishing place with considerable trade. FULTON, co. Illinois, bounded N. by Knox, NE. by Peoria, SE. by the Illinois r., which separates it from Tazewell, S. by Schuyler, and W. by Schuyler, McDonough and Warren cos. The streams which wa ter it are the Illinois and Spoon rivers, and Otter and Copperas creeks. About half of the county is heavily timbered, the residue is rich undulating prairie. Lewistown is the seat of justice. Pop. in 1835, 5,917, and in 1840, 13,142. FULTON, v. Hamilton co. Ohio. The town proper is nearly a mile above Cincin nati, on the Ohio r., and consists chiefly of one extended street. Most of the Cincin nati steam-boats are built here. It contains 2 extensive lumber yards, 4 steam saw-mills, But the principal business of Fulton is steam-boat building. It has 4 ship yards, which annually launch steam-boats measuring from five to six thousand tons. It contains upwards of 2,000 inhabitants. FULTON, ts. and cap. Callaway co. Miso., 32 m. NNE. from Jefferson city. FULTON, v. Rowan co. N. C., 137 m. by post-road from Raleigh. FULTON, t. Sumpter district, S. C., 49 m. from Columbia. FULTONHAM, v. in the SW. part of Muskingum co. Ohio) 55 m. E. from Colum- FUL GAL 315 bus, and 10 m. E. from Somerset. It con tains a number of stores, taverns, 10 or 12 mechanic shops, several churches, and from 50 to 60 dwellings. FULTONVILLE, "v. Glen ts. Montgo mery co. N. Y., on the Erie canal, near the Mohawk, 5. m. S. from Johnstown, and 57 m. from Albany, has 1 hotel, a tavern, sev eral stores, and from 25 to 30 dwellings. There is a basin in the village for building and repairing canal-boats. FUNDY, Bay of, North America, be tween Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Its entrance is between Cape Sable, the SW. point of Nova Scotia, and Mount De sert Island on the coast of Maine. The tides in the Bay of Fundy have an extraor dinary rise. At the entrance of the bay they are only of the ordinary height, about 8 feet ; but at Lubec, common tides rise 25 feet ; at St. John, 30 ; and at the head of the bay 60 feet. The tides here are so rapid as to overtake and sweep off animals feeding on the shore. FUNKSTOWN, or Jerusalem, U Wash ington co. Md., on Antietam creek, 2fc m. SW. from Elizabethtown. FURRY'S TOWN, t. Jamaica, in St. James co., 20 m. NE. from Savannah la Mer. G. GADSDEN, co. Florida, bounded N. by the state line of Georgia, E. by the Ocklock- onee river, which separates it from Leon co., S. by the Gulf of Mexico, SW. by Franklin, and W. by the Apalachicola river. Quincy is the capital. Pop. 5,992. GADSDEN SPRING, v. Columbia co. Florida, on the Little Suwanee river. GAINS, ts". and v. Orleans co. N. Y., on lake Ontario; 30 m. W. from Rochester, 18 N. from Batavia, and 260 N. from Albany. The village has 2 churches, 4 or 5 dry-good stores, 1 tannery, ashery, and about 50 dwellings. Pop. ofts. 2,268. GAINSBOROUGH, v. Frederick co. Va., 9 m. NW. from Winchester. GAINSBOROUGH, t. and cap. Jackson co. Ten., on Cumberland river, 68 m. NE. from Nashville. GAINSBOROUGH, v. Deerfield ts. War ren co. O., on the E. side of the Little Mi ami river, 6 m. SE. from Lebanon, con tains about 15 houses, the inmates of which are principally employed at a large mill and factory at the place. GAINSBURG, v. Londonderry ts. Dau phin co. Pa., 22 m. from Harrisburg. GAINESVILLE, t. and cap. Hall co. Geo., 167 m. W. of N. from Milledgeville, con tains a court-house, jail, a number of stores and mechanic shops, and about 40 houses. GAINESVILLE, ts. Genesee co. N. Y., 24 m. S. from Batavia, and 218 m. from Al bany. Gainesville Center in this ts. has 2 churches, 1 grist, 1 saw, 1 carding and cloth dressing mill, several taverns and stores, and about 30 dwellings. Pop. 1,437. GALEN, t. Wayne co. N. Y.,on the Erie canal immediately N. of Junius. It contains the village of Clyde. Here are salt-works. Pop. 4,234. GALENA, t. and cap of Joe Daviess co. II. It is situated near the NW. corner of Illinois, on Fever river, a few miles from its mouth, and was first settled in 1826. It was originated by the extensive and rich lead mines in its vicinity, and was an out post of between 3 and 400 miles advance into the wilderness, NW. of St. Louis. There are 42 stores and warehouses, and about 300 dwelling-houses. There is a weekly journal published here, and it has a court-house and jail. Fifty steam-boat arri vals are the annual average, and about ten million pounds of lead are annually exported from this place. The population in the vicinity is estimated at 10,000. It is 326 m. NNW." from Vandalia, about 350 from St. Louis, and 990 from Washington. Pop. 1,843. GALENA, v. Berkshire t. Delaware co. Ohio, on the road from Columbus to Mount Vernon, 12 m. from Delaware, 21 m. from Columbus. GALION, v. Sandusky t. Richland co. O., 60 m. E. of N. from Columbus, on the state road from Mansfield to Bucyrus, has several stores, taverns, 7 mechanic shops, and some\ 25 or 30 dwellings. GALLATIN, ts. and v. Columbia co. N. Y., 19 m. SE. from Hudson. The Ancram iron-works in this town are very extensive, and the iron is highly prized. The ore is obtained from the neighboring town of Salis bury, Ct. Pop. 1,644. GALLATIN, t. and cap. Sumner co. W. Ten., 27 m. NE. from Nashville. Here is an academy. GALLATIN, co. Ken., bounded N. by Ohio river, E. by Grant, SE. by Grant and Owen, and SW. by Henry. Length 35 m., mean width 10. Chief town, Port William. Pop. 4,003, of whom 604 were slaves, and 38 free colored. GALLATIN, co. II., bounded by Wabash river E. and SE. Pope S. Franklin W. and White N. Length 36 m., mean width 33. Chief town, Shawneetown. Pop. in 1830, 7,407, and in 1840, 10,760. GALLATLN, v. and cap. Copiah co. Mississippi, 36 m. from Monticello. GALLATIN, v. Parke eo. In., 77 m. W. from Indianapolis. GALLATIN 'S RIVER, one of the three forks of the Missouri, joins the main stream in Lon. 110 5' W. Lat. 45 15' N. GALLIA, co. Ohio, bounded by the Ohio river E. and SE. Lawrence SW. Jackson NW. and Meigs N. Lensrth 36 m., width 24. Pop. 13,444. Chief town, Galli- polis. GALLIPOLIS, t. and cap. Gallia co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 57 m. SE. from Chilli- cothe, 102 SE. from Columbus. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, 2 churches, 12 or 15 mercantile stores, 3 steam saw-mills, 316 GAL GAY a printing-office, various mechanic shops, and about 100 dwellings. Pop. 1,314. It was settled in 1790 by a French colony. GALLUPVILLE, v. Schoharie ts. Scho- harie co. N. Y., 6 m. E. from Schoharie, on Fox's creek, has a church, 1 grist, 1 saw, 1 turning mill, about 20 dwellings, &c. GALVESTON, v. La., on the Iberville at its confluence with Amite, river, 18 m. from Donaldsonville, 25 SE. from Baton Rouge. Lat. 30 20' N. GAL WAY, ts. Saratoga co. N. Y., 8 m. W. from Ballston, 31 from Albany, a good farming township. Pop. 2,412. GALWAY CORNERS, v. Galway ts. Saratoga co. N. Y., 10 m. WNW. from Balls- ton Spa., has 2 churches, 4 or 5 stores, 2 taverns, various mechanic shops, and some 40 or 50 dwellings. GAMBIER, v. Pleasant ts. Knox co. Ohio, 5 m. E. from Mount Vernon. It is the seat of Kenyon College, which, in its different departments, has 12 professors and teachers, and 200 students. The college edifice is 190 feet, 4 stories high, of cut Stone, a large chapel 100 feet long by 66 wide, with a basement, a grammar school, a building 80 feet long, 2 stories high, a Milnor hall 4 stories high and 70 feet long, with two wings attached, built for the minor preparatory department of the institution. It also contains a printing-office, a number of stores, and about 40 dwellings. GAP, v. Lancaster co. Pa., 16 m. E. from Lancaster city, on the Columbia rail-road. GARDEN "PRAIRIE, Sangemon co. II., between Richland and Rock creeks, 14 m. NW. from Springfield, and contains a popu lation of ahout 20 families. GARDINER, ts. Kennebeck co. Me., on the W. bank of Kennebeck river, opposite Pittstown. Cobbeseconte river runs through this town, and for more than a mile has a continued succession of falls, on which are erected various manufacturing establish ments in active operation. The Gardiner Lyceum is established here, and went into operation in January, 1823. It is novel in its design, being intended to fit young men to become farmers and mechanics. In struction is given in the various branches of natural science, and their application to practical purposes. The term of study is 3 years. It is 6 m. S. from Augusta. The village is very pleasantly situated on the Kennebeck ; many of the buildings are of superior architecture. Pop. of ts.~ 5,042. GARDINER'S BAY and ISLAND, at the E. end of Long Island, N. Y. Lon. 72 15' W. Lat. 41 3' N. The island is 7 m. long. It was settled in 1639 by Lyon Gardiner, and is now the property of one of his de scendants. GARDNER, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 25 m. N. from Worcester, 58 NW. from Bos ton. The value of palm-leaf hats, straw bonnets, leather, boots, shoes, &c., amounts annually to about $240,000. Pop. 1,260. GARLAND, ts. Penobscot co. Me., 28 m. NW. from Bangor, 74 m. N. from Au gusta. It is watered by some of the head branches of the Henduskeag river, and is a good farming township of land. Pop. 1,065. GARNET, v. Henry co. In., 44 m. E. from Indianapolis. GARRARD, co. Ken., bounded by Rock- castle SE. Lincoln SW. Mercer NW. Ken- tucky river, or Jessamine N. and Madison NE. Length 28 m., mean width 8. Chief town, Lancaster. Pop. in 1830, 11,870, and in 1840, 10,480, of whom 3,483 were slaves, and 87 free colored. GARRETSVILLE, v. New Lisbon ts. Otsego co. N. Y., 16 m. W. from Coopers- town ; contains a store, tavern, and 12 or 15 dwellings. GARRETSVILLE, v. Nelson ts. Portage co. Ohio, a small village with some 10 or 12 dwellings. GASCONADE, co. Missouri, bounded N. by Missouri river, E. by Franklin co., S. by Crawford and Pulaski, and NW. by the Os- age river, which separates it from Cole. The surface is uneven, with very little prai rie, but in the bottoms and all the level land the soil is good. Mount Sterling is the cap ital. Pop. in 1836, 3,012, and in 1840, 5,330, of whom 342 were slaves, and 1 free colored. GASCONADE, v. Gasconade co. Miso., situated at the junction of the Gasconade with the Missouri river. GASCONADE, r. Miso., which falls into the Missouri from the N. 100 m. from its confluence with the Mississippi. GATES, ts. Monroe co. N. Y., at the mouth of Genesee river, 28 m. NW. from Canandaigua, 225 m. NW. from Albany. The town meetings are held at a tavern near the centre of the township. Pop. 1,728. GATES, eo. N. C., in the' NE. part of the state. Length 23 m., mean width 11. Pop. 8,161, of whom 3,642 were slaves, and 382 free colored. Gatesville is the seat of justice. GATES COURT HOUSE, t. and cap. Gates co. N. C., 141 NE. by E. from Ra leigh. GATES' MILLS, v. Mayfield ts. Cuya- hoga co. O., on Chagrin river, 15 m. E. from Cleveland ; has a fulling-mill, a card ing machine, chair factory, various mecha nic shops and 100 inhabitants. GAULEY, r. Va., enters the E. side of the Kenhawa, above the falls. GAULEY'S BRIDGE, v. Fayette co. Va., at the falls of the Great Kenhawa river, 35 m. above Charleston. It is in one of the wildest and most picturesque regions of the state. GAYHEAD, v. Greenville t. Greene co. N. Y., 13 m. from Catskill, a small village with 2 stores, and 8 or 10 dwellings. GAYHEAD, v. Fishkill ts. Dutchess co. N. Y., 16 m. from Poughkeepsie, has 2 churches, an academy, a boarding school for young ladies, a number of stores and public houses, and 80 or 90 dwellings upon a fer tile plain. GAY GEO 317 GAYSPORT, v. Frankstown ts. Hunting don co. Pa., on a branch of the Juniata river. GEAUGA, co. 0., bounded N. by lake Erie, E. by Ashtabula and Trurnbull, S. by Portage, and W. by Cuyahoga. Length 28 rn., width 21. Chief town, Chardon. Pop. in 1830, 15,813, and in 1840, 16,297. GEDDES, v. Salina ts. Onondaga co. N. Y,, near Syracuse, a small village of some 15 or 20 salt works. GELOSTER, v. Kalamazoo co. Michigan, 140 m. W. from Detroit. GENESEE, co. Mich., bounded N. by Saginaw, E. by Lapeer, S. by Livingston, and W. by Shiawassee cos. Flint is the seat of justice'. Pop. 4,268. GENESEE, r. rises in Pa., and flowing through New York, falls into lake Ontario, affording a good harbor at its mouth. About 40 m. N. of the Pennsylvania line, there are two falls in the river, 1 of 60 and 1 of 90 feet, a mile apart. At Rochester there are also two falls, i of 96 feet, and 1, 3 m. below, of 76 feet. Vessels ascend to the falls. GENESEE, co. N. Y., bounded S. by Al- leghany and Cattaraugus, W. by Erie and Niagara, N. by lake Ontario, and E. by Monroe and Livingston cos. Length 52 m., width 26. Chief town, Batavia. Pop. in 1830, 51,992, and in 1840, 59,587. GENESEO, ts. and cap. Livingston co. N. Y., on the Genesee river, 25 m. W. from Canandaigua, 33 S. from Rochester, 35 E. from Batavia, and 226 W. from Albany ; contains the court-house, jail, a number of churches, a high school, 8 or 10 dry-good stores, a druggist, a furnace for iron cast ings, 2 printing-offices, 120 dwellings, and many other establishments of minor impor tance. Pop. of Is. 2,892. GENEVA, v. in Seneca township, Onta rio co. N. Y., on the W. side of Seneca lake, near the outlet, 16 m. E. from Canandaigua, 95 W. from Utica, 192 W. from Albany, 345 from W. C. The lake is here 3 miles wide. It is one of the neatest villages in the state. The neighborhood has a varied and pleasant scenery, with many elegant country-seats. The village contains 4 churches, a bank, a college, numerous stores, various mechanic shops, and is a place of considerable trade and business. The college was founded in 1823. It has 9 instructors, and a library of about 2,000 volumes. Commencement is on the first Wednesday in August. It has 3 vacations : 1st, from commencement, 5 weeks ; 2d, at Christmas and New Year, 2 weeks ; 3d, 3 weeks in April. GENEVA, pts. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on lake Erie, 10 m. NW. from Jefferson, and 190 m. NW. from Columbus, a good farm ing township and contains about 100 inhabit ants. GENEVA, t. and cap. of Kane co. II., on the west bank of Fox river. It is growing business place ; contains the usual county buildings. GENEVA, v. Morgan co. II., 10 m. SW. from Jacksonville, a small but pleasant vil lage. ^GENEVA, v. Musquetin co. Iowa. GENEVA, v. in the south part of War ren co. II., a small village of about 20 houses. GENEVA, v. Rush Creek ts. Fairfield co. Ohio, and contains some 15 or 20 families. GENEVA, lake, in the S. part of Wai- worth co. Wisconsin, connected with Fox r. of Illinois. GENEVA, v. Morgan co. II., 10 m. SW. of Jacksonville, a small place. GENITO, v. Powhatan co. Va., on the N. side of the Appomatox river, 29 m. SW. by W. from Richmond. GENOA, Is. and v. Cayuga co. N. Y., on Cayuga lake ; 25 m. S. from Auburn, 180 W. from Albany. It has 5 houses of public worship. The village contains 2 of the churches above named, a grist and saw-mill, 1 distillery, 4 or 5 stores, and from 40 to 50 dwellings^ Pop. of ts. 2,593. GENOA, pts. Delaware co. Ohio, 19 m. NE. from Columbus, and contains about 1,000 inhabitants. GEORGE LAKE, a beautiful lake, 36 m. long, and about 2 broad, between Washing ton^ and Warren counties, N. Y. It com municates with lake Champlain, by an out let 3 miles long, in which distance the water descends nearly 100 feet. The lake is sur rounded by high mountains, and is much celebrated for the romantic beauty of its scenery. There are numerous small islands in the lake, on some of which are found crystals of quartz, of uncommon transpa rency and perfection of form. This lake was conspicuous in the wars of this country, and several memorable battles were fought on its borders. GEORGE CREEK, r. America, which runs into the Potomac, 12 m. SW. from Fort Cumberland. GEORGESVILLE, v. Pleasant ts. Frank* lin co. O., 13 m. SVV. from Columbus. In its immediate vicinity are a grist and saw mill on Little Darby creek, just above its mouth, and contains about 50 inhabitants. GEORGESVILLE, v. Delaware co. In., on the S. side of Mississineway river. GEORGEVILLE, v. Yazoo co. Miss., 81 m. N. from Jackson. GEORGETOWN, v. Sandy Creek ts. Mercer co. Pa., 15 m. N. of the borough of Mercer. GEORGETOWN, v. Lancaster co. Pa., 55 m. from Harrisburg and 116 from W. C., a small village of not more than 15 houses, GEORGETOWN, v. Lower Mahoney ts. Northumberland co. Pa., 36 m. from Har- risbursr. GEORGETOWN, v. Copiah co. Miss., 45 m. NE. from Natchez. GEORGETOWN, v. and cap. Brown co. Ohio, on White Oak creek, 104 m. SSW, from Columbus, and 45 SE. from Cincinnati. This village is in a state of rapid improve* ment, and already contains upwards of a iiun. 318 GEO dred houses. The public buildings are a court-house, jail, 4 meeting-houses, 12 stores, a hatter's-shop and many other estab lishments of minor importance. GEORGETOWN, v. Randolph co. II., in the E. part. GEORGETOWN, v. Sangemon co. II., 20 m. NE. from Springfield, has 3 stores, a mill and 12 or 15 families. GEORGETOWN, v. Vet-million co. II., on the Little Ver million river, 10 m. S. from Danville, contains 3 stores and 20 or 30 families, with a fine country and settlement around it. GEORGETOWN, t. and cap. of Pettis co. Miso., near the centre of the county, a thriving village, commenced in 1836, contains a brick court-house, jail, several stores, and about 50 house*. . GEORGETOWN, v. W. part of Cass co. In., on the Waba^h. GEORGETOWN, v. Knox ts. Columbi- ana co. O., 15 m. NW. from New Lisbon, a small and pleasant village. GEORGETOWN, v. Mill Creek ts. Ham ilton co. O., a small village, and contains not more than a dozen families. GEORGETOWN, v. Mansfield ts. Bur lington co. N. J., 6 m. SE. from Bordentown, a small village with some 10 or 12 houses. GEORGETOWN, v. E. part of Boone co. In., 22 m. NNW. from Indianapolis. GEORGETOWN, ts. Lincoln co. Me., on the Kennebeck, 15 m. SW. from Wiscasset, 160 NE. from Boston, 621 from W. C., a good farming township, and possesses good navi gable privileses. Pop. 1,356. GEORGETOWN, ts. and v. Madison co. N. Y., a good farming township. The vil lage contains 2 churches, 1 grist and 1 saw mill, and about 15 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,130. GEORGETOWN, v. Beaver co. Pa., 44 m. below Pittsburg, on the S. side of the Ohio. This is a flourishing town, and is a place of considerable trade; contains several stores, various mechanic shops, and a number of excellent hotels. GEORGETOWN, t. and cap. Sussex co. Delaware, 16 m. WSW. from Lewistown, 103 S. from Philadelphia, 108 from W. C. It contains an academy, a bank, a court house, jail, and several stores. GEORGETOWN, v. Kent co. Del., 7 m. from Dover, and 107 from W. C., contains 12 or 15 dwellings. GEORGETOWN, t. and port of entry, Washington co. and District of Columbia, on NE. bank of the Potomac, about 200 m. from its mouth, and 300 from the capes of Virginia, 3 m. W. of the Capitol in Wash ington. It is separated from Washington by Rock creek, yet from its proximity it ap pears to the eye to make a part of the city. The situation is very pleasant, commanding a beautiful view of the river, the city of Washington, and the surrounding country. The houses are principally built of brick, and many of them are elegant. On the hills near the town there are several ele gant country-seats. The situation is very healthy, and the water exce lent. It is a flourishing town, and a place of considera ble trade. Pop. in 1810. 4,948; in 1820, 7,360; in 1830, 8,441 ; in 1840, 7,312. A canal from the Potomac to the Ohio begins at this place. Georgetown College, situated here, is a Catholic institution, under the di rection of the Incorporated Catholic Clergy of Maryland. It was first incorporated in 1799. It has two spacious edifices, and a library containing 7,000 volumes. The number of students ranges from 140 to 175. Here is likewise a large nunnery, called the Convent of Visitation. It was founded by the late most Rev. Archbishop Neale, in 1798. The number of nuns varies from 50 to 70. Attached to this institution is a large and flourishing Female Academy. The boarding school contains 100 young ladies, under the instruction of the nuns. GEORGETOWN, v, Kent co. Md., on the Sassafras river, 65 m. SW. from Phila delphia. GEORGETOWN, v, Culpeper co. Va., 92 m. N. by W. from Richmond, and 76 from W. C., a small place. GEORGETOWN, v. Shenandoah co. Va., 160 m. from Richmond, 111 from W. C., contains some 15 or 20 houses. GEORGETOWN, district of S. C., bound ed by the Atlantic ocean SE. by Santee river or Charleston SW. by Willtamsburg NW. and by Marion and Horry NE. Length 36 m., mean width 25, Chief town, George town. Pop. in 1830, 19,943, and in 1840, 18,274, of whom 15,993 were slaves, and 188 free colored. GEORGETOWN, v. seaport and seat of justice, Georgetown district, S. C., near the head of Winyan bay, 60 m. NE. from Charleston. Lat. 33 21' N. Pop. about 2,000. Vessels drawing 1 1 feet water pass up to the town. It has a fine back country, watered by the Great Pedee. It contains several places of public worship, a bank, the ordinary buildings necessary for a county town, and many fine private dwellings. GEORGETOWN, v. Simpson co. Mis., 53 m. SE. of Jackson, and 2,000 from W. C M contains about 25 houses. GEORGETOWN, v. Warren co. Geo., on the left side of Ogeechee river, 60 m. from Savannah, and 35 above Louisville, contains some 40 or 50 houses. GEORGETOWN, t. and seat of justice, Scott co. Ken., on the left bank of North Elkhorn creek, 15 m. E. from Frankfort. It contains a court-house, bank, printing- office, several places of public worship, stores, various mechanic shops, and is a place of some importance. GEORGETOWN, v. Harrison co. Ohio, 6 m. SE. from Cadiz, a pleasant village, and contains upwards of 100 inhabitants. GEORGETOWN CROSS-ROADS, v. Kent co. Md., 1 m. S. from Georgetown. GEORGETOWN ENTRANCE, the GEO GIL 319 mouth of the Great Pedec river, on the coast of South Carolina. GEORGIA, ts. Franklin co. Vt, 40 m. NW. from Montpelier, and 8 S. from St. Albans. This is a place of considerable trade, and some manufactures. Pop. 2,106. GERARD3TOWN, v. Berkley co. Va., 18 m. N. from Winchester. GERMAN, pts, Chenango co. N. Y., 15 m. W. from Norwich, 115 W. from Albany, watered by some small branches of Gene- gansette creek. It has a number of churches, &c., in different parts of the ts. Pop. 965. GERMAN FLATS, ts. Herkimer co. N. Y., on the S. side of the Mohawk, 5 m. S. from Herkimer, 75 W. from Albany. In this town stood Fort Herkimer, mentioned in the history of American wars. The Ger man flats are an extensive tract of alluvial land, on both sides of the Mohawk, in this ts. and in Herkimer. Though it has been cultivated nearly 100 years, it has lost none of its fertility. It has a ride barrel factory, producing $15,000 per annum. Pop. 3,245. GERMANNA, v. on Rapid Ann river, in the NE. angle of Orange co. Va., 72 m. SW. from W. C., and 81 N,~from Richmond. GERMAN SETTLEMENT, Preston co. Va., 18 m. SE. from Kingswood. GERMANTOWN, v. Wayne co. In., on the national road, 7 m. W. from Centreville. GERMANTOWN, v. German ts. Fayette co. Pa., 3 m. SW. from M'Cleland. GERMANTOWN, v. Fauquier co. Va., 95 m. NW. from Raleigh. GERMANTOWN, v. Mason co. Ken., 31 m. NE. from Frankfort. GERMANTOWN, ts. Columbia co. N. Y., on Hudson river, 12 m. below Hudson, and 39 S. from Albany. There are 3 land ings and stores on the Hudson in this ts. Pop. 969. GERMANTOWN, v. Philadelphia co. Pa., 6 m. N. from Philadelphia. It contains 4 churches, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Ger man Calvinists, 1 for Lutherans, and I for Friends, a bank, various mechanic shops, stores, &c. &c. The houses are chiefly of stone, some of them large and elegant, and built principally on one street, about 2 m. in length. Here is the principal congrega tion of the Menonists. The battle of Ger- mantown was fought here on the 4th of October, 1777. In this village is situated Mount Airy College, an institution justly celebrated. The rail-road from Philadelphia to Norristown passes through this place. It contains about 150 houses, and 1,200 in habitants. GERMANTOWN, t. Hyde co. N. C., on a bay in Pamlico Sound, 108 m. from Ralei?h. GERMANTOWN, t. Stokes co. N. C., on the Town Fork of the Dan. It contains a court-house, jail, and about 40 houses. GERMANTOWN, v. Montgomery co. Ohio, 13 m. S. from Dayton, 38 m. from Cincinnati, 13 from Dayton, and 81 from Columbus, contains 12 dry-good stores, 2 drug stores, a large brewery celebrated for its excellent beer, 4 churches, upwards of 20 mechanic shops, 130 dwellings, and many other establishments of minor importance, i'op. about 1,500. GERMANY, v. Shade ts. Somerset co. Pa., on a branch of Shade creek, 5 m. W. from the Alleghany mountains. GERMANY, settlement in Sangemon co. II., 4 m. NE. from Springfield, near the mouth of Sugar creek, a settlement of Ger many. GERRY, ts. Chatauque co. N. York, 13 m. E. from Mayville, and 326 from Albany, a good ts. of land. Pop. 1,288. GETTYSBURG, bor. and cap. Adams co. Pa., on Rock creek, one of the sources of the Monocasy, 36 m. from Williamsport, Md.,52 from Baltimore, 118 W. from Phila delphia. It contains a court-house, jail, bank, printing-office, from which a news paper is issued, several stores, various me chanic shops, and is a place of considerable trade and importance. Pop. 1,968. GHENT, ts. and v. Columbia co. N. Y., 25 m. S. from Albany. The village, 10 m. NE. from the Hudson, contains a church, 15 or 20 dwellings, &c. Pop. of ts. 2,558. GHENT, t. Gallutin co. Ken., on the Ohio, opposite Vevay. GHOLSONVILLE, v. Brunswick co. Va., 78 m. SSW. from Richmond. GIANT OF THE VALLEY, mt. Eliza- bethtown, N. Y., 1,200 feet high, from the summit of which is an extensive and beau tiful view, embracing the whole valley of lake Champlain, the Green mountains, the vales of Vermont and its villages, and north ward and southward may be traced the con tinuous line of the mountain chain, with its soaring summits. On the NE. this moun tain has an almost perpendicular declivity of 700 feet. GIBBONSVILLE, v. in Watervliet ts. N.Y. See West Troy. GIBRALTAR, v. S. part of Grant co. Wis., on Platte river. GIBSON, co. in the SW. part of Indiana, on the Wabash river. The White Water canal passes through part of this coun ty. Pop. 8,977. Chief town, Princeton. GIBSON, co. in the western part of Ten., bounded N. by Obion and Weakly, E. by Carroll, S. by Madison, and W. by Dyer cos. Pop. 13,689, of whom 2,969 were slaves, and 108 free colored. Chief town, Trenton. GIBSON CREEK, runs into the N. side of the Missouri, in Lon. 106 30' W. Lat. 47 N. GIBSON PORT, v. Gibson co. Ten., 150 m. S. of W. from Nashville. GILBERTSVILLE, v. Butternuts ts. ON sego co. N. Y., on Butternuts creek, 30 m. SW. from Cooperstown, has several houses of public worship, a number of stores, and 20 or 25 dwellings. GILBOA, v. Broome ts. Schoharie eo. N.Y., on Schoharie kill, 24 m. S. from Scho harie, contains 1 grist and 1 saw-mill, 1 fur- 320 GIL GLE nace, a woollen manufactory, 2 tanneries, a number of stores, about 30 dwellings, &c. GILEAD, v. on the SE. bank of Maumee river, O., opposite the Grand rapids, 18 m. above Perrysburg. The natural advantages derived from its water power and location indicate its future prosperity. It now con tains a number of stores and taverns, and from 400 to 500 inhabitants. It is a thriv ing place. GILEAD, v. Calhoun co. II., situated be tween the Mississippi and Illinois rivers, 126 in. N. of W. from Vandalia, and 50 NNW. from St. Louis, in Missouri, a small village, with 2 stores and from 12 to 15 families. GILEAD, ts. Oxford co. Maine, 30 m. WNW. from Paris, between two mountains on both sides of the Androscoggin river. Pop. 313. GILES, v. and cap. Giles co. Va. GILES, co. W. part of Va. ; bounded NE. by Greenbrier and Monroe cos. SE. by Montgomery co. SW. by Tazewell co. and NW. by Kenhawa co. Pop. 5,307, of whom 574 were slaves. Giles v. is the seat of just ice. GILES, co. on the S. side of West Ten nessee; bounded N. by Maury, E. by Lin coln cos., S. by Alabama, and W. by Law rence co. Watered by Elk river and its branches. Pop. 21,494, of whom 7,030 were slaves. Chief town, Pulaski. GILFORD, ts. and cap. of Belknap co. N. H., on SW. side of lake Winnipiseogee ; 28m. NNE. from Concord, 48 NW. from Portsmouth. This town was formed from the N. part of Gilmanton. It is connected with Meredith by a bridge, at which there is a considerable village. Here are manu factories of cotton goods, besides other use ful mills and machinery. Pop. 2,072. GILL, ts. Franklin co, Mass., on W. side of the Connecticut, 3 m. ENE. from Green field, and 86 W. by N. from Boston, and has some manufactures of combs, wooden ware, leather, palm-leaf hats, &c. Population, 789. GILLORI, island near the coast of Mis sissippi, at the mouth of the Mobile, near Dauphin's island. GILMANTON, ts. Belknap co. N. II. ; 19 m. NNE. from Concord, 50 N W. from Ports mouth, 523 from W. C. It contains a court house, a number of respectable manufactur ing establishments, an academy, and several houses of public worship. It contains, also, several springs termed mineral, one of which has proved efficacious in cutaneous and bilious affections. Pop. 3,485. GILMER, co. Geo., bounded N. by Ten., E. by Union and Lumpkin, S. by Cherokee, and W. by Murray and Cass. Elljay v. is the seat of justice. Pop. 2,536, of whom 92 were slaves. GILMOREVILLE, v. Butler co. Pa., 212 m. WNW. from Harrisburg. GILSUM, ts. Cheshire co. N. H. ; 6 m. N. from Keene. Ashuelot river runs through this ts. and affords a good supply of water , for mills, which is improved for cotton and other manufactories. Pop. 656. GINSENG, v. Logan co. Va., 380 m. SW. by W. from Washington. GIRARD, v. in the NE. part of Macoupin co. II., on the road from Allon to Springfield; contains some 10 or 12 houses. GLADWIN, co. Mich., bounded E. by Arena, S. by Midland co., W. and N. by ter ritory not yet laid out into counties. Titliba- wassee river, a branch of the Saginaw, drains this county. The centre of the county is about 150 m. NNW. from Detroit. Pop. and cap. uncertain. CLARIS, v. Paris ts. in the E. part of Stark co. O., 16 m. E. from Canton, a small village with some 10 or 15 families. GLASGO, v. Saugerties t. Ulster co. N.Y., on the Hudson river, 9 m. above Kingston, has several stores and brick yards, and 10 or 15 dwellings. . GLASGOW, v. Newcastle co. Del., 15m. SE. from Wilmington, contains 10 or 15 dwellings. GLASGOW, t. in the W. part of Howard co. Miso., on the Missouri river, 2 m. below Chariton, a small but increasing place. GLASGOW, t. and cap. Barren co. Ken. j 61 m. ENE. from Russellville, 148 SW. from Lexington, 66 from W. C. It is a flourish ing town, situated in a fertile country, and contains the county buildings and a bank. GLASGOW, New, t. Amherst co. Va. { about 20 m. N. by E. from Lynchburg. GLASSBOROUGH, v. Gloucester co. N, J. ; 20 m. SE. from Philadelphia, and 155 from W. C. Here are 2 extensive glass fac tories, 2 stores, and about 30 dwellings. GLASTENBURY, ts. Bennington co.Vt.^ llm. NE. from Benninston. Pop. 52. GLASTENBURY, ts." Hartford co. Ct., on E. side of the Connecticut, opposite Weth- ersfield ; 6 m. SSE. from Hartford. It is a pleasant ts. and contains an academy, and cotton is manufactured here to a considera ble extent. Roaring brook, at this place, passes through a very narrow defile, afford ing a great and constant waier power. Pop. 3,077. GLEN, ts. S. part of Montgomery co. N* Y., on the Erie canal, 8 m. from Johnstown, contains a number of villages, all of which are pleasant. Pop. 3,678. GLENCADIA, v. Stockport ts. Colum bia co. N. Y., on Kinderhook creek 4 m. from Hudson r. and 9 m. from the city of Hudson. It has an extensive water power, produced by the falls of Ihe creek, which alls here 70 feet in less than half a mile, on which are 2 cotton factories, a plaster and paper mill, a satinet factory, about 50 dwellings, &c. &c. GLENCO, v. Livingston ts. Columbia co. V. Y., 9 m. SE. from Hudson, contains a otton factory, and the necessary buildings for accommodation of the workmen. GLENCOE, v. Hampshire co. Va., 140 m. W. from Washington. GLEN COVE, formerly MUSO.UITO COVE, OLE GOO 321 v. Oyster Bay ts. Queens co. Long Island, N. Y., on an arm of Hempstead bay, 30 m. from New York, has 2 churches, several stores, taverns, from 20 to 30 dwellings, and is a thriving village. GLENHAM, v. Fishkill ts. Dutchess co. N. Y., on the Fishkill, 18 m. S. fromPough- keepsie, contains a woollen factory, consum ing 400 Ibs. of wool per day in the fabric of broad cloth ; about 70 dwellings, and 500 inhabitants. GLENNS, v. Gloucester co. Va. ; 159 m. from W. C. GLENVILLE, v. in Queensburyts. War ren co. N. Y., on the Hudson at Glenn's Falls ; 3 m. W. from Sandy Hill. Glenn's Falls present a beautiful and picturesque scenery. The descent is 28 feet in 3 rods. Here is a bridge across the river; there are on the north side of the river, 2 saw-mills, one of which has 24 saws in the gang, a plaster and bark mill, a mill for sawing mar ble, and several others of less note, several churches and taverns, 10 or 12 stores, about 30 mechanic shops, and 150 houses, situa ted on 9 streets. On the south side of the river are a saw-mill with 24 saws, a mill for marble with 8 frames, or gangs, and some l6 or 12 dwellings. GLENVILLE, ts. N. part of Schenectady co. N. Y., centrally 20 m. from Albany, contains the villages of Sciola and Glenn Church, both small villages. Pop. 3,088. GLESE, r. La., which runs into the Mis sissippi. GLOUCESTER, ts. and s-p. Essex co. Mass., on Cape Ann, at N. extremity of Massachusetts Bay ; 16m. NE. from Sa lem, 80 NE. from Boston, 469 from W. C. It contains a bank, an insurance office, and 2 public libraries, the largest of which contains about 700 volumes. It is divided into five parishes, in each of which is a Congregational meeling-house. The har bor is very open and accessible for large ships, and it is one of the most considerable fishing towns in the state. The harbor is defended by a battery. It is largely enga ged in the cod and mackerel fishery, em ploying more than 200 vessels; it has also a great number of vessels engaged in foreign and domestic trade. Total tonnage in 1837, 18,802 tons. Pop. 6,350. GLOUCESTER, ts. Providence co. R. I., in the NW. corner of the state, having Massachusetts on the N. and Connecticut on the W., 16 m. from Providence, and 50 from Hartford. It has a fine water power by the Chepacket, on which are numerous cotton factories, and other mills and shops. Pop. 2,304. GLOUCESTER, small village, Glouces ter co. N. J., on the E. bank of the fiver Del aware, 3 m below Philadelphia. GLOUCESTER, co. N. J., bounded by Atlantic co. SE., Cape May, Cumberland, and Salem cos. SW. Delaware r. N W". and by Burlington co. NE. Chief towns, Wood- bry, Gloucester, and Camden. Pop. 25,438. Q l GLOUCESTER, co. Va., bounded E. by Mock Jack Bay, SE. and SW. by York river, NW. by King and Queen, and NE. by Middlesex and Matthews; length 20, mean width 16 m. Chief town, Gloucester. Pop. 10,715, of whom 5,791 were slaves, and 612 free colored. GLOUCESTER, C. H., Gloucester co. Va., 80 m. E. from Richmond, and 174 from W. C. GLOUCESTER, v. Galloway ts. At lantic co. N. J., on Landing creek, 36 m. SE. from Woodbury, contains a furnace, grist and saw-mill, store, taverns, and some 10 or 12 dwellings, GLOVER, ts. Orleans co, Vt., 35 m, NNE. from Montpelier, a good grazing ts. with some manufactures. Pop. 1,119. GLOVERSVILLE, v. Johnstown ts. Montgomery co. N. Y., two and a half m. N. from Johnstown, has 2 stores, a carding and cloth dressing mill, and about 30 dwellings. GLYNN, co. Geo., bounded by the At lantic ocean on the SE. Camden co. or Little St. Ilia river SW. Wayne co. NW. and Alatamaha river NE. length 20 m., width 20. Chief town, Brunswick. Pop. in 1830, 4,467, and in 1840, 5,302, of whom 4,409 were slaves. GNADENHUTTEN, ts. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, on the E. side of the Muskingum, 11 m. S. from New Philadelphia, and 9 NE. from Columbus, has several stores, taverns, and about 20 dwellings. GODWINSVILLE, v. Franklin ts. Ber gen co. N. J., 8 m. NW. from Hackensack, contains several stores, 7 cotton mills, from 45 to 50 dwellings, &c. GOFFSTOWN, ts. Hillsborough co. N. H., on the W. side of the Merrimack, at Amoskeag falls, where is a bridge across the river, 15 m. S. from Concord, 13 NNE. from Amherst, contains an extensive cotton factory, a large woollen factory, at a flour ishing village in the W. part of the ts. on Piscataquog river. Pop. 2,376. GOLANSVILLE, v. Caroline co. Va., 26 m. SSW. from Washington, and 56 N. from Richmond. GOLCONDA, v. and cap. Pope co. II., on the Ohio, 160 m. from Vandalia, 791 from W. C., contains the court-house, jail, a number of stores, taverns, and 25 or 30 dwellings, chiefly of brick. GOLDSBOROUGH, ts. Hancock co. Maine, 40 m. E. from Castine, 188 NE, from Portland, is admirably located for all the various pursuits in navigation. French man's Bay extends on the W. side of the ts. and affords it many commercial advantages. Pop. 1,198. GOLDEN, v. Baltimore co. Md. GOLD MINE, v. Chesterfield district, S, C., 110 m. NE. from Columbia. GOLIAD, t. in the SW. part of Texas, on the S. side of San Antonio river. GOOCHLAND, C. H. v. and cap. of Goochland co. Va., near James river, 28 m. above Richmond. 322 GOO-GRA GOOCHLAND, co. Va., in the central part of the state, bounded N. by Louisa and Hanover, E. by Henrico cos. S. by James river, and W. by Fluvanna co. Goochland is the co. seat. Pop. 9,760, of whom 5,500 were slaves, and 690 free colored. GOODFIELD, v. Rhea co. Ten., 151 m. SE. by E. from Nashville. GOOSEBERRY ISLAND, and Rocks, off Cape Ann, Mass. GORDONSVILLE, v. Smith co. Ten., 6 m. from Carthage, and 56 NNE. from Mur- freesborough. GORDONSVILLE, v. Orange co. Va., 2 m. from which is Springhill academy, a very respectable institution. GORHAM, ts. Cumberland co. Maine, 9 m. NW. from Portland. It contains an aca demy and 2 churches, round which is a con siderable village ; it is a place of considera ble trade and of extensive manufactures of cotton, wool, leather, starch and gunpowder. Pop. 3,001. GORHAM, ts. Ontario co. N. Y., 8 m. E. from Canandaigua, 10 W. from Geneva. It contains a number of beautiful villages. Pop. 2,779. GORHAM, ts. Coos co. N. H., 96 m. N. from Concord. Several streams descend from the mountains through this township into the Androscogsjin. Pop. 156. GORHAM, v. Daviess co. Ken., 8 m. SE. from Owensborough, and 150 SW. by W. from Frankfort. GOSFIELD, t. Essex co. U. C., on lake Erie, W. from Mersea. GOSHEN, ts. Addison co. Vt., 31 m. SW. from Montpelier. Leicester and Philadel phia rivers supply this township with good mill privileges. Some minerals are found in this ts. Pop. 621. GOSHEN, t. Hampshire co. Mass., 12 m. NW. from Northampton, 103 W. from Bos ton. Some valuable minerals are found here, such as emeralds, lead and tin. Its manufactures are small, chiefly of boots and shoes. Pop. 556. GOSHEN, ts. Litchfield co. Ct., on the Green mountain ransre, 6 m. NW. from Litch field, 32 W. from Hartford. It is famous for its cheese. Ivy mountain, in this town ship, is considered the most elevated in the state. Its summit presents an extensive and delightful prospect. Pop. 1,529. GOSHEN, ts. and v. and half-shire, Orange co. N. Y., 20 m. W. from West Point, 63 N. from New York. The village is pleasantly situated, and contains the court-house, jail, bank, academy for males, and one for fe males, a female institute in high repute, se veral churches, stores, taverns, and vari ous mechanic shops. Two weekly news papers are published here. The Hudson and Erie rail-road is completed as far as this place. Contains about 80 dwellings. Pop. of the ts. 3,889. GOSHEN, v. Cape May co. N. J., 104 m. S. from Trenton, has 2 stores, a steam saw mill, and 12 or 15 dwellings. GOSHEN, v Loudon co. Va., on the road from Washington to Winchester, 35 m. from Washington. GOSHEN, v. Lincoln co. Geo., about 40 m above Augusta. GOSHEN, v. Clermont co. Ohio, 18 m. NW. from Williamsburg, contains 50 or 60 dwellings, 1.5 mechanical shops, a pork- house, oil-mill, and carding machines, &c. &c. GOSHEN MILLS, v. on Seneca creek, Montgomery co. Md., by post-road 32 m. NW. from W. C. GOSHEN, ts. Sullivan co. N. H., 42 m. W. from Concord. From Lunapee moun tain, lying in the E. part of this township, spring many small streams. The soil is par ticularly calculated for the production of grass. Pop. 779. GOSHBN, v. Upper Freehold t. Monmouth co. N. J., 12 m. SSW. from Monmouth C. H. ; has a tavern, 2 stores and 10 or 12 dwellings. GOSHEN, v. Iredell co. N. C., 11 m. E. from States ville, 157 W. from Raleigh. It is the capital of the county. GOSHEN, t. and cap. Elkhart co. In., on Turkey creek, 200 in. nearly N. from In dianapolis, 605 m. from W. C. ; contains a court-house, jail, several stores and mecha nic shops, and is a place of some trade. GOSHEN, settlement, in Madison co. II., W. and SW. from Edwardsville ; a settle ment of about 100 families. GOSHEN HILL, v. Union district, S. C., 107 m. NW. from Columbia. GOSHENVILLE, v. Chester co. Pa., 79 m. SE. from Harrisburs. GOSPORT, v. Owen co. In., on the W. side of the W. fork of White river, 8 m. NE. from Spencer. GOSPORT, t. Norfolk co. Va., on Eliza beth river, li m. S. from Norfolk. Here is one of the United States' navy yards. GOUVERNEUR, ts. and v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., 20 m. S. from Ogdensburg, 192 NW. from Albany. The Oswegatchie river forms the Ox-bow here. The village on the right bank of the river, contains several churches, a public library, a high school, 4 or 5 stores, clothing works, and ether water works, and about 40 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,538. GOVERNADOR, r. Florida, runs into Pensacola bay. GOVERNOR'S ISLAND, isl. in Boston harbor, Mass., 2 m. E. from Boston. It con tains about 70 acres, and has a commanding situation. Fort Warren, which has 2 cres cent batteries, with heavy guns, is on this island. GOWANSVILLE, v. Greenville district, S. C., 129m. NW. from Columbia. GOWDYSVILLE, v. Union district, S. C., 89 m. NW. from Columbia. GRABLE'S SETTLEMENT, Gallatin co. II., 16 m. W. from Equality. GRACEHAM, v. Frederick co. Md., 15 m. N. of Frederick city. GRA 323 GRAFTON, pts. E. part of Lorain co. Ohio, 129-m. NNE. from Columbus. GRAFTON, v. Greene co. II., on the Mississippi river, 2 m. below the mouth of the Illinois; has several stores ami ware houses, 4 or 500 inhabitants, and promises to be a place of considerable business. GRAFTON, ts. Grafton co. N. H., 30 m. NW. from Concord. Isinglass, as it is com monly called, is found in a state of great purity in Glass Hill mountain. It adhere? in the form of lamina to rocks ^of white and yellow quartz. Pop. 1,201. GRAFTON, ts. Windham co. Vt., 22 m. S. from Windsor, has extensive woollen manufactories. Soap-stone of an excellent quality is very abundant in this place. It is manufactured by water power for various uses to a great extent ; it is bored for aque ducts, and sold at a very low price. Pop. 1,326. GRAFTON, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 8 m. SE. from Worcester, and 36 from Boston. It contains 5 cotton and 1 woollen mill. It also manufactures boots, shoes, leather, scythes, shoe tools, &c. &c. Annual amount about $100,000. Pop. 2,493. GRAFTON, co. W. part of N. H., bound ed NE. by Coos co. E. by Stratford co. S. by Hillsborough and Cheshire cos. and W. by Vermont. Pop. in 1830, 38,691, and in 1840, 42,411. Chief towns, Haverhill and Plymouth. GRAFTON, ts. Rensselaer co. N. Y., 11 m. E. from Troy. There are 14 ponds in this ts. covering together several hundred acres, which were some years since stocked with pickerel, and the fishing protected by law ; the largest is not more than a mile in lenslh. Pop. 2,019, GRAHAM'S STATION, v. Sutton ts. Meiss co. Ohio, 100 m. SE. of Columbus. GRAHAMTO WN, v. S. part of Beaufort dist. S. C., 10 m. S. of Coosawhatchie. GRAINGER, co. Ten., between Clinch and Holston rivers, bounded by Jefferson SE. Knox SW. Claiborne NW.'and Haw kins NE. ; length 30 m., mean width 12, area 360 sq. ms. Surface hilly, and soil sterile, except along the margin of the streams. Chief town, Rutledge. Lat. 36 15' N. Lon. from W. C. 6 40' W. Pop. 10,572, of whom 917 were slaves, and 134 free colored. GRANADA, island in the West Indies, the principal of the Grenadines ; situated in Lon. from W. C. 5 40' E. and between 11 55' and 12 23' N. Lat. It is the last of the Windward Caribbees, and 30 leagues NW. of Tobago. The chief port, called Lewis, is on the W. side, in the middle of a large bay, with a sandy bottom, and is very spacious. GRANADA, t. of N. America, in the province of Nicaragua, sealed on the lake Nicaragua. The "inhabitants carry on a great trade by means of the lake, which communicates with the Atlantic Ocean. It is 54 m. SE. of Leon. Lon. from W. C. 8 46' W. Lat. 12 5' N. GRANBY, ts. Essex co. Vt., 60 m. NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 105. GRANBY, ts. Hampshire co. Mass., 9 m. ESE. from Northampton, 90 W. from Bos ton. In this town and South Hadley there are extensive open plains and fields, on which are annually raised for market large quantities of rye. There are 2 woollen mills in this ts. It is said that copper ore of good quality is found in Granby. Pop. 971. GRANBY, ts. Hartford co. Ct., 17 m. NW. from Hartford. It contains the vil lages of Turkey Hill and Salmon brook, which are pleasant villages, and have the appearance of prosperity. Pop. 2,611. GRANBY, ts. Osweso co. N. Y., 158 W. from Albany. Fish lake lies in the centre of this ts., a beautiful sheet of water 2i m. long by 2 wide, which pours its surplus through a creek to the Oswego river, afford ing some good mill sites. Pop. 2,385. GRANBY, t. Lexington district, S. C., on the Consaree, opposite Columbia. GRAND, v. Grand ts, Marion co. Ohio, 74 m. NNW. from Columbus, contains seve ral stores, a tavern, and about 30 dwellings. GRAND BLANC, v. Oakland co. Mich., 72 m. NNW. from Detroit. GRAND DETOUR, v, Ogle co. II., at a singular bend in Rock river, from which it takes its name. GRANDE, v. Crittendcn co. Ark., 141m. NE. by E. from Little Rock. GRAND GULF, v. Claiborne co. Miss., 50 m. NNE. from Natchez. GRAND ISLE, ts. Grand Isle co. Vt., 50 m. NW. from Montpelier; marble, lime-stone, rock crystals, &c., are found here ; and it contains the only water mill in the county. This is a fine place for fishing and fowlins. Pop. 724. GRAND ISLE, isl. N. Y., in the Niagara, 4 m. above the falls. It contains 48,000 acres. It belongs to the town of Buffalo. GRAND ISLE, co. NW. part of Vt. It is composed of islands in lake Champlain ; the largest are North and South Hero. Pop. 3,883. GRAND KAKALIN, v. Brown co. Wis consin. GRAND LAKE, or Chilnucook lake, on E. side of Maine, at the sources of the St. Croix. GRAND POINT, settlement, Washington co. II., 6 m. NE. from Nashville, and con tains some 20 or 25 families. GRAND RIVER, of Ohio, rises in Truro- bull co. and flowing about 10 m. nearly N. enters Ashtabula co., and continuing N, about 20 m. turns nearly at right angles and enters Geauga co. in which it falls into lake Erie at Fairport, after an entire comparative course of 50 m. GRAND RIVER, or Nipigon river, U. C., falls into lake Superior from the N. a little E. opposite Keweena point. GRAND VIEW, v. Edgar co. II., in the SW. part, 10 m. from Paris, on the state GRA road to Vandalia, surrounded by a beautiful rolling rich prairie near the head waters of Big creek, and contains some 15 or 20 fami lies. GRAND VIEW, v. Louisa co. Iowa. GRANGER, t. Cuyahoga co. O., near the mouth of Rocky river. GRANGER, v. Caldwell co. Ken., 235 m. SW. by W. from Frankfort. GRANGER, pts. Medina co. Ohio, 121 m. NNE. from Columbus, a rich and popu lous township. GRANT, co. In., near the centre of the state, bounded N. by Wabash and Hunting don, E. by Wells and Jay, S. by Madison, W. by lands not laid out. It is intersected from SE. to NW. by the Mississineway river. Capital, Marion. Pop. 4,875. GRANT, co. in the SW. part of Wiscon sin, bounded N. by Wisconsin river which separates it from Crawford, E. by Iowa, S. by Joe Daviess co. II., and W. and SW. by the Mississippi river. Racine is the seat of justice. Pop. 3,926. GRANT, v. Grant co. Wis., on Grant river. GRANT, co. Ken., bounded by Owen S. Gallatin W. Boone N. and Pendleton E., length 20 m., mean widtli 13. Pop. in 1820, 1,805; in 1830, 2,987, and in 1840,4,192, of whom 348 were slaves. Chief town, Wil- liamstown. GRANTHAM, ts. Sullivan co. N. H., 45 m. NW. from Concord. Contains a me dicinal spring and a bed of plants, which is visited by hundreds of valetudinarians in the summer season. Pop. 1,036. GRANTSVILLE, v. Green co. Geo., 52 m. N. from Milledgeville. GRANTVILLE, v. Grant co. Wisconsin, on the Mississippi, at the mouth of Grant r. GRANVILLE, ts. Hampden co. Mass., 14 m. WSW. from Springfield, and 110 WSW. from Boston. It has some manufac tures of pocket-books, boots, shoes, leather, and silver ware. The land is high and very productive. Pop. 1,414. GRANVILLE, ts. and v. Washington co. N. Y., 12 m. SE. from Whitehall, 60 NE. from Albany. It is watered by Pawlet and Indian rivers, on which are many mills. In this ts. is a quarry of good marble. The village has 6 churches, a seminary for young ladies, a woollen factory, 6 stores, 6 law offices, the Washington county Mutual In surance Company, and about 100 dwellings. Pop. ofts. 3,846. GRANVILLE, co. N. C., bounded N. by Va., E. by Warren and Franklin cos. S. by Wake, and W. by Orange and Person; length 30 m., mean width 23. Chief town, Oxford. Pop. in 1830, 19,343, and in 1840, 18,818, of whom 8,707 were slaves and 801 free colored. GRANVILLE, v. Monongahela co. Va., 329 m. NW. from W. C. GRANVILLE, v. Licking co. Ohio, 27 m. NE. from Columbus, 32 W. from Zanes- ville. It has a bank, 24 mechanic shops, a number of taverns and churches, 2 female seminaries, 1 do. for males, 2 common schools, a founder}', a furnace, a full supply of stores, and about 100 dwellings. Pop. about 700. GRAPEVILLE, v. Hempfield t. West moreland co. Pa., 4 m. W. from Greens- burg. GRASS, r. N. Y., runs into the St. Law rence, opposite St. Regis island, after a course of 125 m. In Canton it is connected by a natural canal with the Oswesratchie. GRASS LAKE, v. Jackson co. Mich., 88 m. W. from Detroit. GRASSY POINT, v. Madison co. Ohio, 61 m. W. from Columbus. GRASSY POINT, landing on the W. side of Hudson river. Haverstraw ts. Rockland co. N. Y., has a commodious hotel much fre quented in the summer season by boarders from N. Y. GRATIOT, co. Mich., bounded by Sagi- naw co. E. Clinton S. Montcalm W. Isabel la NW. The centre is about 112 m. NW. from Detroit. Pop. not given. GRATIOT, v. on the line which divides the counties of Licking and Muskingum, O., 12 m. from Zanesville, has a number of stores and taverns, 15 mechanic shops, a steam saw-mill, a carding-machine, about 250 inhabitants, and from 40 to 50 dwell ings. GRATIOT'S GROVE, v. SW. part of Iowa co. Wis., SW. from Dublin. GRATIS, pts. Preble co. Ohio. The land is excellent and in a high state of improve ment. Pop. about 2,000. GRATISTOWN, t. Dauphin co. Pa. GRATITUDE, v. in the SW. part of Sus sex co. N. J., 68 m. N. from Trenton, and 221 m. from W. C., a small hamlet with some 10 or 12 houses. GRATZTOWN, v. Lykens t. Dauphin co. Pa., 38 m. from Harrisburs:. GRAVE CREEK, or ELIZABETH- TOWN, v. Ohio co. Va., 12 m. below Wheeling. GRAVEL HILL,v. Knowlton t. Warren co. N. J., 15 m. NE. from Belvidere, and 243 from W. C., has a tavern, store, tanne ry, grist-mill and some 8 or 10 dwellings. GRAVELLY LANDING, v. Galloway t. Atlantic co. N. J., 40 m. SE. from Wood- bury, has a tavern, store, and 10 or 12 dwellings. GRAVES, co. Ky., bounded N. by Mc- Cracken, and E. by Callaway, S. by the state line of Tennessee, W. by Hickman co. It is one of the four cos. that lie W. of -the Tennessee r. Mayfield is the capital. Pop. 7,465, of whom 817 were slaves. GRAVESEND, ts. and v. Kings co. Long Island, N. Y., on the sea-coast, 4 m. S. from Flatbush, 9 S. from New York. Graves- end beach is a frequent resort for parties of pleasure from the city. The village con tains a church, store, and about 20 dwell ings. Pop. ofts. 799. GRAY, ts. Cumberland co. Me., 20 m. N. from Portland, and 44 SW. from Augusta. GRA ORE 325 It is a pleasant ts. and a place of considera ble trade and some manufactures. Pop. 1,740. GRAYSON, co. Va., bounded SW. by N. C., NW. by Washington and Wythe, NE. by Montgomery, and SE. by Patrick, length 70 in., mean width 13, Pop. 9,087, of whom 492 were slaves. Grayson v. is the seat of justice. GRAYSON, v. and cap. Grayson co. Va, GRAYSVILLE, v. Morris ts. Hunting don co. Pa., 10 m. NNW. of Huntingdon borough. GRAYSVILLE, v. in the NE. corner of White co. II., on the Wabash, at the mouth of Bon Pas creek, has a number of stores and taverns, 1 steam saw-mill, a grist-mill, and about 150 inhabitants. It exports about $100,000, imports $30,000 per annum. GRAYSON, co. Ken., between Green riv er and Rough creek, bounded S, by Warren, SW. by Butler, W. by Ohio co. N. by Breckenridge, NE. by Hardin, and E. by Hart, length 36 m., mean width 16*. Pop. 4,461, of whom 200 were slaves. GREAT BAY, N. H., the W. branch of the Piscataqua, receives Exeter and Lam prey rivers, and unites with the main branch of the Piscataqua at Hilton's point, 5 m. above Portsmouth. GREAT BARRINGTON, ts. Berkshire co. Mass., about 23 m. W. of Springfield, on the river Connecticut, and 125 W. by S. from Boston. Its manufactures consist of cotton and woollen goods, boots, shoes, leather, pig-iron, levels, guages, &c. &c. Annual amount about $120,000. Pop. 2,704. GREAT BEND, v. Champion ts. Jeffer son co. N. Y., on the Black river, 10 m. above Watertown, has a large flouring- mill, carding and cloth-dressing mill, and some 20 or 25 dwellings. GREAT BRIDGE, v. Norfolk co. Va., 12 m. SSE. from Norfolk. GREAT CROSSINGS, v. Bedford co. Pa., 16 m. E. from the borough of Bedford, a most romantic and beautiful place. GREAT CROSSINGS, v. Scott co, Ky., 15 m. NE. from Frankfort. GREAT MACOQUETOIS, river, Iowa, flows SE. into the Mississippi, a little above the town of Van Buren. GREAT VALLEY, ts. Cattaraugus co, N. Y., 299 m. SW. from Albany, contains the village of Pethwhists, a small but pleas ant village. Pop. 852. GREAT WORKS, r. Penobscot co. Me., flows into the E. side of the Penobscot, 2 m. below the great falls. GREECE, ts. and v. Monroe co. N. Y., W. from Genesee river, 7 m. NNW, from Rochester, and 225 m, NW. from Al bany. The village contains a church, tav ern, store, and some 10 or 12 dwellings. Pop. 3,669. GREEGVILLE, v. Loudon co. Va., 25 m. W. from W. C. GREEN, v. Franklin co. Penn., on both sides of the road from Shippensburg to Chambersburg, contains several stores, va rious mechanic shops, and is a place of some importance. GREEN, co. of Ohio, bounded by Clin ton and Warren S. Montgomery W. Clark N. Madison NE. and Fayette E. length 24 m. breadth 18. Chief town, Xenia. Pop. in 1830, 15,084, and in 1840, 17,528. GREEN, is. Clinton co. Ohio, the post- office is called Snow-Ball. It also contains the village of Morgantown. GREEN, pts. in Harrison co. Ohio, a few miles N. from Cadiz, and contains about 2,000 inhabitants. GREEN, co. Va. Pop. 4,232, county town not established. GREEN, co. Wisconsin, bounded N. by Dane, E. by Rock, S. by Illinois state line, and W. by Iowa co. Sugar creek and its branches water the E. part, and the Peeka- tonokee and branches the SW. part. Chief town, New Mexico. Pop. 933. GREEN, co. Missouri, bounded N. by Polk, E. and S. by lands not laid out into counties, and W. by Barry. It contains much good land, and a fair proportion of timber and prairie. Springfield is the coun ty seat. Pop. in 1836, 3,841, and in 1840, 5,372, of whom 676 were slaves. GREEN, co. Ar., bounded N. and E. by Mo., S. by Jackson, and W. by Lawrence and Randolph cos. Pop. 1,586. GREEN, the extreme SW. co. of Pa., bounded N. by Washington co., E. by the Monongahela r. which separates it from Fayette co., S. and W. by the Virginia state line. The streams of this county are tribu tary either to the Ohio or Monongahela. Hills and valleys diversify the surface. In some places it is wholly composed of gravel ly barrens ; but the valleys and river bot toms are among the most productive and beautiful in Pennsylvania. It abounds in salt, iron, and coal. Waynesburg is the capital. Pop. 19,147. GREEN, co. N. C., bounded NE. by Pitt, S, by Lenoir, W. by Wayne, and NW. by Edgecombe co. Snow Hill is the capital. Pop. 6,595, of whom 2,971 were slaves, and 249 free colored. GREEN, co, Geo., bounded N. by Clark and Oglethorpe, E. by Taliaferro, SE. by Hancock, and W. by Oconee river and Mor gan co. Greensborough is the capital. Pop. 1 1,690, of whom 7,024 were slaves. GREEN, co. Al., bounded N. by Pick- ens and Tuscaloosa, E. by Perry, S. by Marengo, and SW. and W. by the Tom- beckbee r. Erie is the capital. Pop. 24,024, of whom 16,431 were slaves. GREEN, co. Miss., bounded N. by- Wayne co., E. by Alabama state line, S. by Jackson, and W. by Perry co. Leaksville is the capital. Pop. 1,636, of whom 429 were slaves. GREEN, co. N. Y., bounded E. by Hud son river, S. by Ulster, W. by Delaware, NW. by Schoharie, and N. by Albany ; length 326 GEE 32 m., mean width 30. Chief town, Cats- kill. Pop. 30,446. GREEN, t. Kenneheck co. Me., 24 m. SW. from Augusta, on the E. side of Androscog- gin river. Pop. 1.406. GREEN, co. E. Ten., bounded N. and NW. by Hawkins, and E. by Washington, S. by the state of N. Carolina, SW. andf W. by Cocke and Jefferson cos. Greenville is the capital. Pop. 16,076, of whom 1,006 were slaves, and 151 free colored. GREEN, co. Ky., bounded NW. by Hard- in, N. by Marion, SE. by Adair, and SW~ by Barren and Hart cos. Chief town, Greens- burg. Pop. 14,212, of whom 3,830 were slaves, and 1 19 free colored. GREEN, co. In., bounded N. by Clay and Owen, E. by Monroe and Lawrence, S. by Martin and Daviess, and W. by Sullivan cos. Chief town, Bloomfield. Pop. 8,321. GREEN, co. II., bounded N. by Morgan, E. by Macoupin, S. by Madison co. and Mississippi river, and W. by Illinois river, which separates it from Calhoun and Pike cos. It is one of the richest counties in Il linois. Fine water courses, a fertile soil, and contiguity to navigable streams are some of the many advantages it possesses. It contains a large proportion of limbered land, and is diversified with gently undulat ing prairies. Carrolton is the seat of just ice. Pop. in 1835, 12,274, and in 1840, 11,951. GREEN, v. Green ts. Chenango co. N.Y., on the Chenango river and canal, 20 m. SW. from Norwich, and 126 SW. from Al bany, has 2 churches, 7 stores, and about 50 dwellings. Pop. ofts. 3,462. GREEN BAY, t. Brown co. Wisconsin. See Navarino. GREEN BANK, v. Pocahontas co. Va., on Deer creek, 200 m. W. by N. from Rich mond. GREEN BANK, v. Washington ts.. Bur lington co. N. J., or* Mullica river, 10 m. from its mouth. GREEN BAY, a large bay on the W. side of lake Michigan. It extends from the N. end of the lake 90 miles, in a SW. direction, and is 15 or 20 miles wide. Across its en trance is a chain of islands, called the Grand Traverse, which shelters the bay from the winds that often blow with violence across the lake. Several of the channels between them are of sufficient depth to admit vessels of 200 tons burthen, which traverse the bay and ascend Fox river several miles. Green bay abounds with fish, particularly stur geons and white fish. It has several small bays, the principal of which is Sturgeon's bay. The principal rivers which it receives, are Fox and Menominy. GREENBRIER, co. of Va., bounded by Nicholas E. Monroe SE. Kenhawa r. or Giles SW. Kenhawa NW. and Randolph NE. Length 50 m., mean width 24. Chief town, Lewisburg. Pop. in 1830, 9,015, and in 1840, 8,695, of whom 1,014 were slaves. GREEN BRIER, r. in Va., rises in Poca hontas co., runs SW. about 90 m. and falls into the Great Kenhawa. GREEN BROOK, v, Piscataway ts. Mid dlesex co. N. J., 8 m. E. from New Bruns wick. GREEN CREEK, pts. Sandusky co. O.,. Ill m. N. flom Columbus; a good farming township. GREENFIELD, ts. and cap. of Franklin co. Mass., on the W. bank of the Connecti cut, 21 m. N. of Northampton, 95 WNW. of Boston, and 396 from W. C. The village is situated H m.from the river, in a pleasant and fertile tract of country. It is handsome ly built, and has considerable trade. There is a woollen mill in this ts. with four sets of machinery, and manufactories of boots, shoes, leather, iron castings, saddles, harnesses, trunks, stove and lead aqueduct pipe, iron work, guns, pistols, rifle?, coaches, wagons, locks, &c. Annual amount, about $160,000. Pop. 1,756. GREENFIELD, ts. Hillsborough co. N. H., 38 m. SW. from Concord. Hops are raised here in abundance. This is a good farming ts. and contains a number of beau tiful ponds. Pop. 834. GREENFIELD CENTRE, v. Greenfield t. Saratoga co. N.Y.,.10 m. N. from Ballston Spa, contains a church, tavern, store, and about 15 dwellings. GREENFIELD, ts. Saratoga co.N.Y., 12 m. N. from Ballston, 36 N. from Albany. The inhabitants of this ts. are chiefly New England men and their descendants. Pop. 2,803. GREENFIELD, v. Schuylkill ts. Schuyl- kill co. Pa., 7 m. NE. from Orwigsburg. GREENFIELD, v. Pike run ts. Wash ington co. Pa., 20 m. SE. from Washington borough. GREENFIELD, v. Nelson co. Va., 110 m. W. from Richmond. GREENFIELD, v. Madison ts. Highland co. O., 21 m. W. from Chillicothe, 74 NE. from Cincinnati, and 55 from Columbus,, contains 4 or 5 churches, 10 stores, 2 tanne ries, 30 mechanic shops, about 600 inhabit ants, &c. GREENFIELD, t. and cap. of Hancock co. In., 21 m. E. from Indianapolis, and 552 from W. C., contains the customary county buildings, several stores, and various me chanic shops. GREENFIELD, v. Johnson co. In., 10 m. SE. from Indianapolis. GREENFIELD, v. Sangemon co. II., near Lick creek, 15 m. SW. from Springfield, has a mill and some 15 or 20 families. GREENFIELD,, v. Green co. II., m String Prairie, 10 m. E. from Carrolton, contains 2 stores, a carding machine, and about 20 families. GREENFIELD, v. in the N. part of Put- nam co. II., and has 8 or 10 houses. GREENFIELD, v. in the SE. part of War ren co. Illinois, on the S. fork of Spoon river. GREEN GARDEN, v. Sumner co. Ten., 37 m. NE. from Nashville. ORE 327 GREENHAVEN, v. Beekman ts. Dutch- ess co. N.Y., 18 m. SE. from Poughkeepsie, has a grist, saw, carding, and cloth dressing mills, a church, 2 stores, and 15 or 20 dwell ings. GREENLAND, ts. of Rockingham co. N. H., S. of Great bay, 5 m. SW. from Ports mouth. The soil is remarkably good. The orchards and gardens of this ts. are valua ble and yield annual profits to the farmers. Pop. 726. GREEN MOUNTAINS, range of moun tains, which commence in Canada, and ex tend S. through Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. They divide the waters which flow into the Connecticut from those which flow into lake Chainplain and the Hudson. Among the highest summits in Vermont, are Mansfield Mountain, Camel's Rump, and Killington Peak ; and in Massachusetts, Sad dle, Hoosac, and Washington Mountains. West Rock, near New Haven, Ct., is the southern termination of the chain. GREEN PLAINS, settlement in Hancock co. II., 8 m. SE. from Warsaw. GREEN RIVER, rises in Vermont, and joins Deerfield river, in Deerfield, Mass. There are several streams in New England of the same name. GREENSBOROUGH, ts. Orleans co.Vt., 27 m. NNE. from Montpelier. Beautiful lake, and several other lakes and ponds in this ts. form a part of the head waters of the river Lamoilles. Pop. 883. GREENSBOROUGH, t. Caroline co. Md., on the W. side of Choptank creek, 7 m. N. from Denton, 22 SE. from Chester. GREENSBOROUGH, t. and cap. Green co. Geo., 34 m. N. from Milledgeville. GREENSBOROUGH, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. 108 m. from Richmond and 219 from W. C. ; a small village of about 20 houses. GREENSBORO', v. Henry co. In., 5 m. SW. from Newcastle, 44 m. NE. Indianapo lis, and 540 from W. C. GREENSBOROUGH, t. and cap. Guil- ford co. N. C., 89 NW. by W. from Raleigh, and 3 15 from W. C. GREENSBOROUGH, v. Green co.Ala., 43 m. S. of Tuscaloosa, and 883 from W. C. GREENSBOROUGH, v. and cap. Choc- taw co. Mis., 113 m. N. of Jackson, and 955 from W. C. ; contains the usual county buildinss, and several taverns and stores. GREENSBOROUGH, t. Caroline co. Md., on the W. side of Choptank creek, 7 m. N. from Danton, 22 SE. from Chester. GREENSBURG, t. and bor. Westmore land co. Pa., on a branch of Sewicky creek, one of the sources of the Youghiogeny, 30 m. SE. by E. Pittsburg. 75 from Bedford. It contains a cou rt -house, jail, bank, academy, several stores, and various mechanic shops. Pop. 800. GREENSBURG, ts. and v. Westchester co. N. Y., 20 in. N. from the city of N. Y., and 118 from Albany. The village contains a church, tavern, store, and some 8 or 10 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 3,361. GREENSBURG, t. and cap. Green co. fCen., on Green river, 69 m. W. from Lex- ngton, 95 E. from Russellville, 79 from Frankfort, and 493 from W. C. It contains a court-house, jail, and bank, several stores, &c. Pop. 585. GREENSBURG, v. Green ts. Trumbull co. O., in the N. part, 17 m. from Warren, 173 from Columbus; contains various me chanic shops, several stores, 1 grist and 3 saw-mills, and about 120 families. GREENSBURG, v. Monongahela ts. Green co. Pa., 18 m. SE. from Waynes- burg, on the Monongahela river, 200 from Harrisburg, and 217 from W. C. GREENBURG, t. and cap. of Decatar co. In., 55 m. SE. from Indianapolis, and 523 from W. C. It contains a court-house, jail, several stores and taverns, and various me chanic shops. GREEN BUSH, ts. and v. opposite the city of Albany, and in Rensselaer co. N, Y., 6 m. from Troy. The village contains 2 grist-mills, disti'lery, a flourishing: acade my, 4 hotels, 8 stores, from 80 to 100 dwell ings, &c. Pop. of ts. 3,701. GREEN CASTLE, v. Franklin co. Penn., 11 m. S. of Chambersburg, and the same distance N. of Hagerstown, Md. GREEN CASTLE, v. Fairfield co. Ohio, 10m. NW. from New Lancaster, and 11 SE. from Columbus. GREEN CASTLE, v. and cap. Putnam co. In., 46 m. W. from Indianapolis ; con tains a court-house, jail, several stores, va rious mechanic shops, and is a pleasant and flourishina: place. GREEN RIVER, Ken., rises in Lincoln co. and flowing W. joins the Ohio, 200 m. below Louisville, 50 above the mouth of the Cumberland. It is 200 yards wide at its mouth, and is navigable for boats nearly 200 m. GREEN'S SETTLEMENT, in Bond co. II., 7 m. SW. from Greenville, a small set tlement with some 20 or 25 families. GREENTOWN, v. Starke co. Ohio, 10 m. N. from Canton, a small village contain ing about 20 families. GREENTOWN, v. Highland co. Ohio, 10 m. SE. from Mansfield. GREENUP, v. Coles co. II., on the na tional road E. of the Embarras ; contains several stores, saw-mills, one grist-mill, and about 30 families. GREENUP, NE. co. Ken., bounded N. by Ohio, E. by Big Sandy river, S. by Law rence, W. by Fleming, and NW. by Lewis. Length 23 m., meanVidth 14. Pop. 6,297. Chief town, Greenupsburg. GREENUP, v. and seat of justice, Green- up co. Ken., on the Ohio river, above the mouth of Little Sandy river, and 125 m. NE. by E. from Lexington. Lat. 38 37' N. Lon. from W. C. 5 48' W. ; contains a court-house, jail, an academy, several stores and taverns, and various mechanic shops. GREENVILLE, ts. and v. Green co. N. Y., on Catskill creek, 14 m. NW. from 328 ORE Athens, 25 S. from Albany. The village contains an academy, 2 churches, several stores, and about 30 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,338. GREENVILLE, co. Va., bounded by N. C., S., Brunswick W. Dinwiddie NW. Sus sex NE. and Southampton E., length 22, width 14 m. Chief town, Hicksford. Pop. in 1830, 7,117, and in 1840, 6,366, of whom 4,102 were slaves and 136 free colored. GREENVILLE, v. Augusta co. Va., 10 m. SSW. from Staunton, and 136 m. NW. by W. from Richmond. GREENVILLE, t. and cap. Pitt co. N. C., on the S. bank of Tar river, 1 10 m. from Ocrecock inlet, 279 from Washington. It contains a court-house, jail, and academy, several stores and various mechanic shops, and some considerable trade. GREENVILLE, district, in the NW. part of S. C. Pop, 17,839. GREENVILLE, t. and cap. Greenville co. S. C,, on Reedy river, 110 m. N. from Augusta, Geo., 110 from Columbia. The air is cool and healthful, and many persons from the low country of Carolina and Geor gia reside here in summer ; contains the cus tomary county buildings. GREENVILLE, v. and cap. of Butler co. Ala., 143 m. from Tuscaloosa, and 903 from W. C., contains the county buildings arid about 20 or 30 houses. GREENVILLE, t. Darlington co. S. C., on the W. side of Great Pedee river, 55 m. ENE. from Camden, 90 NE. from Columbus. GREENVILLE, t. and cap. Green co. Ten., on the head waters of French Broad river, 26 in. W. from Jonesboro', 81 E. from Knoxville, 273 from Nashville, 454 from W. C. The village contains a court house, jail, printing-office, Presbyterian meeting-house, and about 150 dwelling- houses. A few miles S. of the village is Greenville college, a nourishing institution, incorporated in 1794. It has a library of about 4,000 volumes. Commencement is on the third Wednesday in September. GREENVILLE, v. and cap. Clark co. Ark., 88 m. from Little Rock, and 1,156 from W. C., contains a court-house, jail, &c. GREENVILLE, t. and cap. Muhlenburg co. Ken., 35 m. NNW. from Russellville, 180 from Lexington, 177 from Frankfort, and 715 from W. C. It contains a court house, jail, several stores, &c. GREENVILLE, v. and cap. Jefferson co. Miss-, 21 m. NE. from Natchez. GREENVILLE, v. and cap. Darke co. Ohio, 80 m. N. from Cincinnati, 86 W. from Columbus, Lon, 84 32' W. Lat. 40 2' N. In Aug. 1795, a famous treaty was held here by General Wayne, on the part of the U. S. with the Indians. It contains 8 or 10 mer cantile stores, 3 taverns, a superb court house and county jail, several churches, about 70 dwellings, and is a flourishing place. GREENVILLE, co. U. C., bounded on the E. by the co. of Dundas, on the S. by the river St. Lawrence, and on the W. by Eliza- bethtown. Greenville comprehends all the islands near to it in the river St. Law rence. It sends one representative to the provincial parliament. GREENVILLE CREEK, tributary of the SW. branch of Miami river, running E. past old fort Greenville. One mile above its mouth and 17 below Greenville, it has a perpendicular fall of 15 feet. GREEN VALLEY, v. Warren co. Pa., 233 m. NW. from Harrisburg. GREEN VALLEY, v. on Cowpasture r. Bath co. Va., 181 m. NW. by W. from Richmond. GREEN VILLAGE, Chatham ts. Morris co. N. J"., 3 1 m. SE. from Morristown, con tains 8 or 10 dwellings surrounded by a fer tile country. GREENVILLE, v. Bucks co. Pa., 5 m. NE. from Doylestown, contains about 20 houses. GREENVILLE, v. West Salem ts. Mer cer co. Pa., 14 m. NW. from the borough of Mercer. It is a thriving village. GREENVILLE, v. Luzerne co. Pa., 141 m. NE. from Harrisburg. GREENVILLE, t. and cap. Merriweth- er co. Geo., 11 m. W. from Milledgeville, contains the usual county buildings, stores, taverns, &c. GREENVILLE, v. Floyd co. In., 14 m. NW. from New Albany. GREENVILLE, t. and cap. of Bond co. II., 20 m. SW. from Vandalia, and 801 from W. C. It is on the great national road, and contains a court-house, jail, a number of stores, lawyers, physicians, various me chanics and about 250 inhabitants. GREENVILLE, t. and cap. of Wayne co. Miso., 122 miles W. of S. from St. Louis, and 908 SW. from W. C. GREENVILLE, v. Green ts. Franklin co. Pa., 5 m. NE. from Carlisle. GREENVILLE, v. Vermillion co. U., near Vermillion river, SW. from Danville. GREENVILLE, v. Tuscarawas ts. Stark co. 0., 14 m. W. from Canton, and 137 NE. from Columbus, contains about 30 dwellings, several stores, churches and tav erns, 2 tanneries, a stoneware-factory, and various mechanic shops. GREENVILLE, v. Green ts. Sussex co. N. J., 8 m. SW. from Newton, a small and pleasant village. GREENWICH, ts. Hampshire co. Mass., 20 m. E. from Northampton, 75 W. from Boston. Its manufactures consist of shoes, boots, palm-leaf hats, and scythes, which are manufactured to a considerable extent. Pop. 824. GREENWICH, ts. Fairfield co. Ct., on Long Island sound, in SW. corner of the state, 14 m. WSW. from Norwalk, 45 WSW. from New Haven. It comprises 3 parishes or villages, West Greenwich, Greenwich on the E., and Stanwichj on the N. West Greenwich, or Horse Neck, so called from a GRE-GRO 329 peninsula on the Sound, formerly used as a ! horse pasture, is the largest and most impor- ' tant part of the township. Pop. 3,921. GREENWICH, ts. Washington co. N. Y., 8 m. W. from Salem, 37 N. from Alba ny. It contains the villages of Union, Franklinton, and Brattenville. Pop. 3,38.2. GREENWICH, v, Greenwich ts. Cum berland co. N. J., on the Cohanzy creek, 6 ra. from its mouth, and 6 SW. from Bridge- ton, and 195 NE. from W. C., contains about 50 dwellings, several stores, a large grist and merchant-mill, a number of churches, &c. GREENWICH, pts. Huron co. Ohio, 115 m. NNE. from Columbus, and contains about 500 inhabitants. GREENWOOD, v. Laurens dist. S. C., 81 m. NW. from Columbia. GREENWOOD, v. in the N. part of Johnson co. In., 10 m. N. by W. from Frank lin, and 10 S. by E. from Indianapolis. GREENWOOD, ts. and p. o. in the SW. corner of Steuben co. N. Y., 26 m. from Bath, and 251 SW. from Albany. Pop. 1,138. GREENWOOD, ts. Oxford co. Me., 58 m. W. by S. from Augusta, and 7 NW. from Paris. This is a township of excellent land, and the inhabitants are generally engaged in aericultural pursuits. Pop. 836. GREGSTOWN, v. Somerset co. N. J., on the Millstone, 6 m. NE. from Princeton, on the Delaware and Raritan canal. Here is a depot for wood and country produce. It contains a grist-mill, store, about 15 dwell ings, and is a place of considerable business. GREIG, ts. Lewis co. N. Y., 15 m. NW. from Albany, and 18 E. from Martinsburg. The township is rich and well adapted to grass. Pop. 592. GRIERSBURG, v. Beaver co. Pa. Here is an academy, several stores, and is a flou rishing villase. GREIGSVILLE, v. York ts. Livingston co. N. Y., 4 m. NW. from Geneseo, contains some 10 or 12 dwellings. GRETNA GREEN, v. Halifax co. N. C., 86 m. NE. from Raleigh. GRINDSTONE FORD, v. Claiborne co. Miss., 1,212 m. from W. C. GRIFFINSBURG, v. Culpeper co. Va., 85 m. SW. from Washington, and 8 from Fairfax. GRIFFIN'S MILLS, v. Aurora ts. Erie co. N. Y., on Cayuga creek ; has a cloth- dressing mill, and several other mills, a fur nace for casting iron and 15 or 20 dwellings. GRIFFITH'S CORNERS, v. Pike t. Al- leghany co. N. Y., 18 m. NW. from Ange lica ; has a number of mills and about 20 dwellings. GRIGGSVILLE, v. Pike co. II., 8 m. NE. from Pittsfield, and 4 m. from Philip's ferry on the Illinois river; a small village. GRIGGSVILLE, v. Loudon co. Va., 9m. W. from Leesburg. GRISWOLD, t. New London co. Ct., 6 ro. NE. from Norwich ; contains the village of Jewett City On the E. side of the Quen- nebaug, at this place a powerful stream, and R 1 contains 3 extensive factories, a bank, and a number of handsome buildings. There are other manufactories of cotton and wool in this township. Pop. 2,165. GRISWOLD, v. Franklin co. Miso. on the Missouri river, opposite Pinckney. GRISWOLD'S MILLS, v. Fort Ann ts. Washington co. N, Y., 6 m. N. from Sandy Hill ; contains a forge for making anchors, a trip-hammer shop, a furnace for casting, a woollen factory, and about 30 dwellings. GROS ISLE, island of Mich., in Detroit river, near its discharge into lake Erie. GROTON, ts. Caledonia co. Vt., 15 m. S. by W, from Danville, 16 E. from Montpe- lier. There are a number of ponds in this township well stored with excellent fish, some of which are large and handsome. Pop. 928, GROTON, ts. and v. Tompkinsco. N.Y., 160 m. W. from Albany, and 14 m. NE. from Ithaca. The village on Owasa inlet has 2 grist, 3 saw-mills, clothing works, tannery, a number of stores, and about 40 dwellings. Pop, 3,618. GROTON, ts. Grafton co. N. H., 9 m. W. from Plymouth, and 45 NW. from Con cord. Here is an iron furnace for casting hollow Avare. Pop. 870. GROTON, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 10 m. S. from Amherst, 34 NW. from Boston. This is a very pleasant town, has an acade my, a female seminary of high reputation, and a number of moral and religious insti tutions. Its manufactures consist of paper, axletrees, soap Stone pumps, mathematical instruments, clothing, palm-leaf hats, lea ther, boots, shoes, &c. Pop. 2,139. GROTON, ts. New London co. Ct., on E. side of the Thames, opposite New Lon don. Fort Griswold, which defends the harbor of New London, is in this township. A number of whale ships and coasting ves sels belong to this place. Ship-building is carried on to a considerable extent on the Mystic, which is navigable for large vessels about 2 m. from the Sound. Here was a bloody battle fought on the 6th of Sept. 1781, in which an indiscriminate massacre took place in the fort after it had surren dered. In commemoration of this battle and the destruction of New London and Groton, a monument is erected on Groton heights at an expense of $11,000. GROVE, pts. Alleghany co. N. Y., 12 m. N. from Angelica, watered by the Genesee river, which courses the NW. boundary. Pop. 623. GROVEHILL, v. Warren co. N. C., 75 m. NNE. from Raleigh. GROVELAND, ts. and v. Livingston co. N. Y., on Genesee river, 30 m. SW. from Canandaigua. The villase contains a erist- mill, and some 10 or 12 dwellings. Pop. 2,000. GROVELAND, v. Tazewell co. II., 196 m. N. from Vandalia, on the road from Pi- oria to Springfield. GROVEVILLE, v. Nottingham ts. Mer cer co. N. J., 4 m. NE. from Bordentown, 330 GRU GUS and 6 SE. from Trenton, contains a large woollen manufactory, grist and saw-mill, and 12 or 15 dwellngs. GRUBTOWN, v. Bristol ts. Philadelphia co. Pa., 8 m. from Philadelphia, with an ex tensive cotton manufactory. GUADALOUPE, one of the leeward Ca- ribbee islands, in the West Indies, between Antigua and Dominica, in Lon. 62 W. and Lat. 16 20' N. The island, which is of an irregular figure, may be about 80 leagues in circumference. It is divided into two parts by a small arm of the sea, which is not above two leagues, and from 15 to 40 fathoms broad. This canal, known by the name of the Salt river, is navigable, but will only carry vessels of 50 tons burden. The soil is exceedingly good, and well watered near the sea, by rivulets which fall from the moun tains. The French settled in this island in 1632, in whose possession k still remains. Bassaterre is the capital. GUADALOUPE, r. in Texas, falls into the gulf of Mexico after a course of about 200 m. Its mouth is 180 m. W~ from that of the Sabine. GUANAXUATO, state of the republic of Mexico, bounded by Jalisco W. by Xacatecas and San Luis Potosi N. by Queretaro E. and by Mechoacan S. ; length and breadth nearly equal, each about 80 m. ; area 6,255 sq. ms. ; lying between 20 30' and 21 10' N. This state is situated entirely on the table-land, and is the most populous region of the re public. The whole state is supposed to be above 5,000 feet above the level of the sea. The mine of Valenciana, near the city of Guanaxuato, is the most productive ever yet discovered. The products of the state are considerable in objects of agricultural and manufacturing industry. GUANAXUATO, capital of the preceding state, stands 170 m. NW. from the city of Mexico. Lon. from W. C. 23 50' W. Lat, 21 N. Pop. about 90,000. GUANHANI, or Cat Inland, one of the Bahama islands, the first land of America discovered by Columbus, in 1492, and named by him St. Salvador. Lat. 24 20' N. GUATEMALA, or Central America. See page 161. GUATEMALA, city, the capital of the above republic, stands on a little stream call ed the Yacas, flowing into the Pacific. It is in Lat. 14 40' N. and Lon. 91 25' W. It is handsomely built, with regular streets and many elegant public buildings. It was greatly damaged in 1830 by an earthquake. Previous to that event it contained 40,000 inhabitants. GUERNSEY, co. 0., bounded N. by Tus- carawas, NE. by Harrison, E. by Belmont, S. by Monroe and Morgan, W. by Muskingum, NW. by Coshocton. It is watered by Wills creek and its branches. The land is gener ally of a moderately good quality, although there are several tracts of excellent land along Wills creek. Cambridge is the capi tal. Pop. inl830, 18,036, and in 1840, 27,748. GUILDERLAND, pts. Albany co, N. Y., WNW. from Albany 12 m., and from New- York 157. The Cherry Valley turnpike leads through this ts. on which, 8 m. from the city, is the hamlet of Hamilton, a small village. Pop. 2,790. GUILDHALL, ts. and seat of justice, Es sex co. Vt., on Connecticut river, opposite Lancaster. It is 50 m. from Morilpelier, and 564 from W. C. It contains the county buildings and is a flourishing ts. Pop. 470. GUILFORD, pts. S. part of Medina co. 0., 103 m. NNE. of Columbus. The ts. is good for grazing, but affords much grain land also, of fine quality. Pop. about 2,COO. GUILFORD, v. Union ts. Mercer co. O. GUILFORD, v. Perry ts. Coshocton co. O. GUILFORD, t. and cap. ef Calhoun co. II., on the Illinois river, 1 m. below and op posite Macoupin creek. N GUILFORD, t. Piscataquis co. Me., 145 m. NE. from Portland. It has a pleasant village, a number of mills, and considerable trade. Pop. 892. GUILFORD, ts. Windham co. Vt., 50 m, S. from Windsor, and 125 S. from Montpe- lier, has a irood mill-seat on Green river and branches of Broad brook, a number of manu factories, a medicinal spring, and various kinds of minerals. Pop. 1,525. GUILFORD, ts. New Haven co. Ct., 18 m. E. by S. from New Haven, on L. Island sound. The soil is well adapted to agricul tural pursuits, to which, and some coasting trade, the principal part of the inhabitants are devoted. Pop. 242. GUILFORD, v, between TJnadilla and Chenango rivers, Chenango co. N.Y., 10 m. SSE. from Norwich. GUILFORD, co. N. C., bounded by Ran dolph S. Rowan and Stokes W. Rockingham N. and Orange E. Length 26 m., width 25. Pop. 19,175, of whom 2,647 were slaves, and 637 free colored. Greensborough is the seat of justice. GUILFORD, C. H. Guilford co. N. C.,48 m. NW. from Hillsborough ; the scene of a hard fought battle between the Americans under Gen. Greene, and the British under Lord Cornwallis, March 15th, 1781. GUINEATOWN, v. Delaware co. Pa., 88 m. from Harrisburg, and 144 from W. C., a small village of 15 or 20 houses. GULL ISLAND, small isl. near the coast of N. C., in Pamlico Sound. GULL ISLES, Great and Little, two small islands on the coast of Connecticut, 8 m. S. from New London. GUNPOWDER, v. Baltimore co. Md., 50 m. from W. C., a small village of 10 or 15 houses. GUNPOWDER-NECK, peninsula, Hare- ford co. Md., formed by Gunpowder and Bush rivers. GUNPOWDER RIVER, r. Md., runs into the Chesapeake, 11 m. N. of the Pa- tapsco. GUSTAVUS, v. NE. part of Trumbull co. 0., 20 m. N. from Warren, and 60 m. GUY HAG 331 E. from Cleveland, contains several houses for public worship, a number of stores and mills, a furnace, a factory for making and dressing cloth, driven by steam power, and about 200 families. GUTANDOT, t. Cabell co. Va., 423 m. from W. C. GUYANDOT, Big, r. Va., which runs NW. into the Ohio, 327m. below Pittsburg. It is navigable for canoes 60 m. GUYANDOT, Little, r. Va., which runs into the Ohio. GUYANDOT, Indian, r. Gallia co. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio, nearly opposite to Big Gnyandot, in Virginia. GUYS, v. New Albion ts. Cattaraugus co. N. Y., 10 in. W.. of Ellicottsville, contains about 15 houses. GWINNETT, co. Geo., bounded N. by Forsyth, E. by Hall and Jackson, S. by De- kalb and Walton, and W. by Forsyth and Cobb cos. Lawrenceville is the capital. Pop. 10,804, of whom 2,238 were slaves. GWIN'S ISLAND, small island in Chesa peake bay. Lat. 37 30' N. H. HAANE-KRAI-KILL, small r. X. Y., which joins the Hudson on W. side at New Baltimore landing. HABERSHAM, co. Geo., bounded N. by Rabun, E. and S. by Franklin, and W. by Lumpkin. Chief town, Clarksville. Pop. 7,961. HACKETSTOWN, v. Warren co. N. J., on the Musconecunk, 22 m. W. from Mor- ristown, 59 m. from Trenton, and 215 NE. from W. C., has a number of stores, taverns, churches, an academy in which the classics are taught, 2 large flouring-mills, a woollen manufactory, a clover mill', and from 40 to 50 dwellings. HACKINSACK, r. N.J., which rises in New York, and running a southerly course 4 or 5 miles from the Hudson, mingles with the Passaic in Newark bay. It is navigable 15m. HACKINSACK, t. and cap. Bergen co. N. J., on the Hackinsack, 20 m. NW. from New York, 229 from W. C. It contains a court-house, several houses of public wor ship, 2 academies, a boarding school for females, 10 or 12 stores, several public houses, 2 paint factories, coach maker, 2 tanneries, and about 150 dwellings. HACKERSVILLE, v. Lewis co. Va., 246 in. from W. C. HADDAM, ts. and half shire town, Mid dlesex co. Ct., on the W. bank of the Con necticut, 10 m. SE. from Middletown-,. and 23 m. S. from Hartford. There are valuable quarries of granite in this place ; also many vessels are built in this ts. Pop. 2,599. HADDAM, (East) t. Middlesex co. Ct., on E. bank of the Connecticut, opposite Haddam, 14 m. SE. from Middletown. Pop. 2,763. HADDONFIELD, v. Gloucester co. N. J,, 6 m. E. from Philadelphia, 36 S. from Trenton, and 144 from W. C., contains about 100 dwellings, several churches, a public library, 2 fire companies, 8 or 10 stores, a woollen manufactory, 2 tanneries, &c. &c. HADDENSVILLE, v. Goochland co. Va., W. 140. HADDENVILLE, v. Todd co. Ken., 188 m. from Frankfort. HADDINGTON, v. Blockley ts. Phila delphia co. Pa., on the Haverford road, 4m. W. from Philadelphia. HADLEY, settlement in Will co. II., 8 m. NE. from Juliett,. on the road to Chi cago. HADLEY, ts. Hampshire co. Mass., on E. side of the Connecticut, 3 m. NE. from Northampton, 92 W. from Boston. It is connected with Northampton by a bridge upwards of 1,000 feet long. A bridge also connects the north part of the town with HatfiekL This town is noted for the culture of broom-corn, the annual sales of which, when manufactured, exceed 80,000 dollars. Hopkins Academy, in this town, is a flour- ! ishing seminary. It has a principal, an assistant, and upwards of 100 students. Its other manufactures consist of leather, boots, ! shoes, hats, slue, palm-leaf hots, wire, brushes, &c. &c., exceeding $30,000 an nually. Pop. 1,814. HADLEY, (South) t. Hampshire co. Mass., on E. bank of the Connecticut, 5 m. SE. from Northampton, 90 m. W. from Bos ton. About a mile south of the meeting house there is a medicinal spring considera bly resorted to. Here is a fall in the river of about 50 feet, which is overcome by a dam, 1,100 feet long, and 4? feet high, and by a canal 712 rods longr with 5 locks. About one-third of the whole length of the canal is cut through a solid rock 10 feet deep, and near the locks more than 40 feet deep for 300 feet in length. Pop. 1,185. HADLEY, ts. and v. Saratoga co. N. Y v on W. side of the Hudson, 17 m. N. from Ballston Spa. The lumber trade forms the chief business of the inhabitants. The Hudson is here a mill stream. From Rock well's mills, where are falls, lumber is carted five miles, whence it descends in rafts to the feeder of the Champlain canal. The village has several stores, and 12 or 15 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 865. HAGERSTOWN, t. and cap. Washing ton co. Md., on Antietam creek, 26 m. NW. from Fredericktown, 71 NNW, from Balti more, from W. C. 63. It is regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, a bank, and several houses of public worship, a large number of stores, and various mechanic shops. A great part of the houses are built of brick and stone, some of which are very fine. It is situated in a fer tile tract of country, and has considerable trade. There are a number of mills in the vicinity, on Antietam creek. Pop. 7,197. HAGEDORN'S MILLS, v. Providence ts. Saratoga co. N. Y., 16 aa NW. from 332 HAG HAL Ballston Spa, has a grist-mill, several saw mills, and some 12 or 15 dwellings. HAGERSTOWN, v. Monroe t. Preble co. Ohio, 10 m. N. from Easton, and 50 from Columbus. HAGERSTOWN, v. in the W. part of Wayne co. In., on Nettle Creek. HAGUE, v. Westmoreland co. Va., 80 m. SE. from W. C. HAGUE, ts. Warren co. N. Y., on W. side oflake George, 22 m. NE. from Cald- well. This town is noted for a remarkable knob, called Rogers' Rock, which rises from the water's edge to the height of 300 feet. Pop. 610. HAINA, r. St. Domingo, which runs north, and falls into Haina bay, 12 m. W. of the city of St. Domingo. HAIGHT, ts and v. Alleghany co. N. Y., 13 m. W. from Angelica, 268 from Albany. The village contains a steam saw-mill, and 8 or 10 dwellings. Pop. of ts. not given in the census. HAILSTONE, v. Mecklenburg co. Va,, 01 m. SSW. from Richmond. HAIRSVILLE, v. Halifax co. Va., on Staunton river, 16m. N. from Halifax C. H., 114 from Richmond, and 205 from W. C. HALCOTTSVILLE, v. Middletown ts. Delaware co. N. Y., 20 m. SE. from Delhi, a small village with some 10 or 12 dwell ings. KALE'S KEY, island in the gulf of Mexi co, near the coast of Florida. Lon. 82 5' W. Lat. 28 4' N. HALF MOON, ts. Saratoga co. N. Y., on the Hudson above Waterford, 6 m. from Al bany and 15 from Ballston Spa. The Champlain canal and the Troy rail-road run along the Hudson, and the Erie canal flows on the SE. part for a few miles, and crosses the Mohawk river from the ts. by an aqueduct. Pop. 2,631. HALF-WAY HOUSE, v. York co. Va., 15 m. SE. from Williamsburg, and 23 NW. from Norfolk. HALF-HYDE BAY, on the W. coast of the island of Antigua, 2 m. S. from Reed point. HALF-MOON BAY. a bay on the W. coast of Jamaica, 2 m. N. from Orange bay. HALF-MOON BAY, on the N. coast of St. Christopher, 2m. SE. from Ragged Point. HALF-MOON KEY, isl. near the south coast of Jamaica, 3 m. ENE. of Portland point. HALF-MOON KEY, isl. in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 89 W. Lat. 17 10' N. HALEY'S BRIDGE, v. Southampton co. Va. HALESFORD, v. Franklin co. Va., 150 m. SW. by W. from Richmond. HALEYSBURG, v. Lunensburg co. Va,, 95 m. from Richmond and 210 from W. C. HALIFAX, ts. Windham co. Vt., 50 m. S. from Windsor, and 125 S. from Mont- pelier. It is a place of considerable trade and of manufactures on its various streams. There are some handsome falls of water in Halifax, and a curious cave called Dun's Den. Pop. 1,399. HALIFAX, ts. Plymouth co. Mass., 13 m. NW. from Plymouth, 35 SE. from Boston. There are a cotton and woollen-mill in this ts. and manufactures of shoes and straw braid. Total annual amount about $150,000. Pop. 734. HALIFAX, v. Dauphin co. Pa., on the E. side of the Susquehannah, 13 m. N. from Harrisburg, contains 15 or 20 houses. HALIFAX, co. Va., bounded N. by Campbell, E. by Charlotte, S. by N. C., and W. by Pittsylvania. Pop. 25,936, of whom 14,216 are slaves, 575 free colored, Chief town, Bannister. HALIFAX, co. N, C,, bounded N. by Northampton, E. by Bertie, S. by Edge- comb and Nash, and W. by Warren. Pop. 16,865. Chief town, Halifax. HALIFAX, t. and cap. Halifax co. N. C., is pleasantly situated on the W. bank of the Roanoke, 7 m. below the Great Falls, and 70 by land from the mouth of the river, 36 m. N. from Tarborough, 72 m. S. by W. from Petersburg. Lat. 36 13' N. It is regu larly laid out, and contains a court-house and jail. The river is navigable to this place for vessels of considerable burthen. A canal around the falls of the Roanoke opens the navigation for bateaux, for more than 130 miles above the town. HALIFAX, r. Florida, flows S. about 30 m. and empties itself into Musquito inlet. HALIFAX, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 45 m. SE. from Three Rivers. HALIFAX, the capital of Nova-Scotia, is in Halifax co. on a spacious bay, or harbor, called Chebuctoo, which is open at all seasons of the year, is of a bold and easy entrance, and will admit 1,000 of the largest ships to ride in safety. The entrance is completely defended by Fort George. The town stands on the W. side of the harbor. Lon. 63 35' W. Lat. 44 44' N, Pop, 15,000. HALIFAX, v. Halifax ts. Dauphin co. Pa., on the E. bank of the Susquehannah, 17 m. N. of Harrisburg. HALIFAX, v. Antrim ts. Crawford co, Ohio. HALL, co. Geo., bounded N. by Lumpkin and Habersham, E. by Jackson, S. by Gwin- nett and W. by Forsyth and Lumpkin. Pop. 7,875, of whom 1,099 were slaves. Gaines ville is the county town. HALLETT'S COVE, v. Newton ts. Queens co. Long Island, N. Y., on the East river, 6 m. E. from New York, contains a flourishing carpet manufactory, a wool card manufactory, and 30 or 40 dwellings. A convenient steam ferry boat plies between the village and the city of N Y., and the Flushing steam-boat stops at the landing 4 times daily. HALLOCA, v. Muscogee co. Geo., 134 m. SW. by W. from Milledgeville. HALLOCKSBURG, v. Bourbon co. Ken., 37 m. E. from Frankfort. HAL HAM 333 HALLOWELL, ts. Kennebeck co. Me., on Kennebeck river, at the head of the tide, 2 m. below Augusta, 54 m. NE. from Port land. Lat. 44 16' N. The principal part of the village is on the W. side of the river. It is a flourishing town, and a place of con siderable trade, and exports large quantities of beef, pork, pot and pearl ashes, flour and lumber. The river is navigable to this place for vessels of 150 tons. It contains several churches, an academy, about 60 large stores, an iron foundery and a machine shop worked by steam, and various mechanic shops. Pop. of the ts. 4,654. HALLOWELL, t. Prince Edward co. U. C., on lake Ontario. HALLOWELL CROSS-ROADS, Kenne beck co. Me., near the village of Hallowell, and 53 m. NE. from Portland. HALLSBOROUGH, v. Chesterfield co. Va., 17 m. from Richmond. ; contains some 15 or 20 houses. HALL'S HOLLOW, v. Rensselaerville ts. Albany co. N. Y. ; a small village with 10 or 12 dwellings. HALL'S MILLS, v. Norfolk ts. St. Law rence co. N. Y., on the Racket river, 21 m. from its mouth ; contains several mills, clothing works, sattinet factory, a trip-ham mer and 12 or 15 dwellings. HALL'S KEY, isl. in the bay of Hondu ras. Lat. 16 10' N. HALL'S RIVER, N. H., a head-water of the Connecticut; flows from the NW. and its mouth is in Lat. 45 N. HALL'S CROSS-ROADS, Hareford co. Md., 30 m. NE. from Baltimore. HALLSVILLE, v. Otsego co. N. Y., 58 m. NW. from Albany, upon the outlet of Summit lake, has a grist and clover mill, and 12 or 15 dwellings. HALLSVILLE, v. puplin co. N. C., about 100 m. SE. from Raleigh. HALLSVILLE, v. Amelia co. Va., 33 m. SW. from Richmond. HALLSVILLE, v. Fairfield district, S. C.,60 m. NNW. from Columbia. HALSEYVILLE, v. Ulysses ts. Tompkins co. N. Y., on Halsey's creek, 10 m. NW. from Ithaca ; has a flouring-mill, oil-mill, tan nery, and 10 or 15 dwellings, a lattice bridge 96 feet long over the Halsey creek, &c. HALSEYVILLE, v. Chester district, S. C., 47 m. N. from Columbia. HAM, t. Buckingham co. L. Canada ; 50 m. SE. from Three Rivers. HAM-BLUFF, cape, at the W. extremity of Santa Cruz, in the West Indies. Lon. 63 34' W. Lat. 17 51'N. HAMBURG, ts. and v. Erie co. N. Y., on lake Erie, S. of Buffalo, 283 m. from Albany. The v. 11 m. from Buffalo con tains several stores and 15 or 20 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 3,727. HAMBURG, v. Sussex co. N. J., 18 m. from Goshen, N. Y., 20 from Newton, 248 from W. C. and 90 from Trenton, contains a number of churches, several stores, 2 grist mills and 20 or 25 dwellings. HAMBURG, v. Berks co. Pa., on the E. s : de of the Schuylkill ; 18 m. N. by W. from Reading, 70 NNW. from Philadelphia, con tains 12 or 15 dwellings. HAMBURG, t. Edgefield district, S. C., on Savannah river, opposite Augusta. The first buildings were commenced in June, 1821, and in 1822 there were erected 200 dwelling-houses and stores. Hamburg was erected for the purpose of diverting the trade of this part of the state, and also of the upper parts of Georgia, from Savannah to Charleston; 78 m. from Columbia and 580 from W. C. A rail-road is now completed between this place and Charleston, length 135 m., the longest rail-road yet finished, 1842. Hamburg contains 2 churches, a bank, a number of large stores and ware houses, various mechanic shops, and is a flourishing and business place, with a fine back country. HAMBURG, a landing on the Mississippi river, Calhoun co. II., 10 m. NW. from Gil- ead. HAMBURG, v. Hocking ts. Fairfield co. Ohio ; a small and pleasant village. HAMDEN, ts. and v. Delaware co. N. Y., 84 m. SW. from Albany and 8 SW. from Delhi. The village contains a church, sev eral stores, a woollen factory and 10 or 12 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,469. HAMDEN, ts. New Haven co. Ct., 8 m. N. from New Haven. Within the township, about 2 m. from New Haven, there is the vil lage of Whitneysville which is admirably located for manufacturing operations. The manufactures at the Carmel works consist of paper, carriages, coach and elliptic springs, steps, axletrees, brass work, &c. Pop. 1,797. HAMILTON, v. Guelderland ts. Albany co. N. Y., 8 m. W. from Albany. HAMILTON, t. and cap. Harris co. Geo., 112 m. S. of W. from Milledgeville, contains the usual county buildings, several stores and taverns, and has some trade. HAMILTON C. H., Hamilton co. Ten., 120 m. SE. by E. from Nashville. HAMILTON, co. In., bounded N. by lands not laid out, E. by Madison, S. by Marion and W. by Boone. Chief town, Noblesville. Pop. 9,855. HAMILTON, co. II., bounded N. by Wayne, E. by White, S. by Gallatin, and W. by Franklin and Jefferson cos. This county is watered by branches of Saline creek and Little Wabash river, and contains about an equal proportion of prairie and limbered land : the soil is mostly second and third rate. M'Leansboro' is the seat of j ust- ice. Pop. in 1835, 2,877, and in 1840, 3,945. HAMILTON, cape on the N. end of the island of Newfoundland. HAMILTON, ts. Essex co. Mass., 10 m. NW. from Salem. There are some vessels built here, and some manufactures of leather, boots, and shoes. The inhabitants are most ly employed in agricultural pursuits. Pop. 818. 334 HAM HAMILTON, co. TV. Y., bounded by Mont gomery S. Herkimer SW. and W. St. Law rence and Franklin N. and Essex, Warren, and Saratoga E. This county was formerly contained in the northern part of Montgom ery. Pop. in 1830, 1,324, and in 1840, 1,907. HAMILTON, t. Gaspe co, L. Canada, on Chaleur bay. HAMILTON, t. Northumberland co. U. C., extending from lake Ontario to Rice lake. HAMILTON, v. Philadelphia co. Pa., on the Schuylkill, opposite Philadelphia, has several stores, taverns, and about 50 houses. HAMILTON, t. Martin co. N. C., 96 m. from Raleigh, and 258 from W. C. HAMILTON, a port in the Bermuda isl ands, and seat of government. HAMILTON, ts. and v. Madison co. N. Y., 25 in. SW. from Utica, 1 10 from Albany. Pop. of ts. 3,738. The village is handsomely built on the main branch of Chenango river; contains several churches, a Theological In stitute ; the principal building is 100 by 60 feet, 4 stories high, and there are several other buildings belonging to the institution, and a farm of 130 acres. It is a flourishing institution, under the care of the Baptist de nomination. HAMILTON, co. E. Ten., bounded N. by Rhea co., E. and S. by the Hiawassee river, and W. by Marion co. Hamilton village is the seat of justice. Pop. 8,175, of whom 554 were slaves, and 93 free colored. HAMILTON, co. the SW. part of Ohio, on the Ohio river. Chief town, Cincinnati. Pop. 80, 145. HAMILTON, v. and cap. Butler co. O., on Miami river, 25 m. N. from Cincinnati, 105 SW. from Columbus. It contains the court-house, jail, a large number of taverns and stores, 7 ware-houses, about 40 mechan ic shops, several churches for different de nominations, a cloth dressing and carding machine, 4 select schools exclusively for fe males, a bank with a capital of $100,000, upwards of 200 private dwellings, and many other establishments of minor importance. Pop. 1,409. HAMILTON, v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., on St. Lawrence river, 20 m. below Ogdens- burg. HAMILTON, v. of Cattaraugus eo. N.Y., on the right bank of Alleghany river, at and below the mouth of Oiean. The Alleghany river is there about 80 yards wide, and at sea sons of high-water, navigable for vessels of 8 or 10 tons burthen. Distant from Pitts- burg by land 170 m., by water 260, from Buffalo 65, and from navigable water in Genesee river, near Angelica, 25 m. HAMILTON, co. Florida, bounded N. by the state line of Georgia, E. and S. by Little Suwanee river, which separates it from Co lumbia, and W. by the Great Suwanee river, which separates it from Madison co. Chief town, Micco. Pop. 1,464, of whom 427 were slaves.^ HAMILTON, t. and cap. of Monroe co. Miss., situated between the Tombeckbeeand Bui ahatchie rivers, 237 m. NE. from Natch ez and 70 NW. from Tuscaloosa. HAMILTON, v. SW. part of Iowa co. Wisconsin, SE. from Mineral Point. HAMILTONVILLE, Huntingdon co. Pa., on the Juniata. HAMMERTOWN, v. Pine Plains ts. Dutchess co. N. Y., on Chicomeco creek, 29 m. NE. from Poughkeepsie, and 72 S. from Albany, contains Harris's scythe factory, at which about 1,000 dozen of scythes are made annually, of such quality as to induce a forgery of the brand in England, a tannery, and about a dozen dwelling's. HAMMET'S SETTLEMENT, Coles co. II., on the E. side of Embarras river, 22 m. N. from Charleston, a small settlement of about 20 families. HAMMOND, v. Hammond ts. St. Law rence co. N.Y., 22 m. SW. from Ogdens- burg, and 184 from Albany. The village contains several churches, mechanic shops, and 15 or 20 dwellings. HAMMONDSPORT, v. Urbana ts. Steu- ben co. N. Y., at the head of Seneca lake. Its position is very favorable for trade, and it must become the port of the county whence much of its exports will seek a market. It contains several churches, about a dozen stores, 2 tanneries, 2 asheries, 5 forwarding and commission houses, about 100 dwellings, and 600 inhabitants. HAMPDEN, v. Walton co. Geo., 82 m, NNW. from Milledgeville. HAMPDEN, ts. Penobscot co. Me., on the W. side of Penobscot river ; 10 m. SSW. from Bangor, 29 NW. from Castine. This is an important ts. in its commerce on the Penobscot, its manufactures of lumber, and its agricultural promotions. It is one of the most flourishing townships on the river. Pop, 2,663. HAMPDEN, co. Mass., bounded N. by Hampshire, E. by Worcester cos., S. by Con necticut, and W. by Berkshire co. Pop. 37,366. Chief town, Springfield. HAMPSHIRE, co. Mass., bounded N. by Vermont, E. by Franklin, Hampden and Hamilton cos., S. by Connecticut, and W. by N. York. Pop. 41,745. Lenox is the seat of justice. HAMPSHIRE, co. Va., bounded N. and W. by Maryland, E. by Frederick, and S. by Hardy cos. Pop. 12,622, of whom 1,403 were slaves, and 189 free colored. Chief town, Romney. HAMPSHIRE, co. in Quebec district, L. Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence. HAMPSTEAD, t. Queen's co. N. Bruns wick, on the W. side of St. John river. HAMPSTEAD, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 24 m. SW. from Portsmouth. Island pond in the SW. part of the ts. contains a valuable farm of 300 acres. Pop. 890. HAMPSTEAD, v. King George co. Va. HAMPSTEAD, v. Baltimore co. Md., 25 m. from Baltimore. HAM HAN 335 HAMPTON, ts. Washington co. N. Y., 70 m. NE. from Albany, and 25 from Sandy Hill, a good farming ts. Pop. 972. HAMPTON, t. Elizabeth city co. Va. HAMPTON, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., on the sea-coast, 13 m. SW. from Ports mouth. It contains two meeting-houses, and an academy. Pop. 1,103. HAMPTON, ts. Windham co. Ct., 37 m. E. from Hartford. The people are gene rally agriculturalists, with a good strong soil of uneven surface. Pop. 1,166. HAMPTON^ v. in Westmoreland Is. Oneida co. N. Y., 1 1 m. W. from Whites- borough, and 9 m. from Ulica, contains several churches, taverns, stores, a tannery, and about 40 dwellings. HAMPTON, v. Reading t. Adams co. Pa., 14 m. NE. from Gettysburg, 28 SW. from Harrisburg. Pop. 190. HAMPTONBURG, ts. and v. Hampton- burg t. Orange co. N. Y., 16 m. SW. from Newburg, and 94 S. from Albany. The village is small, and contains about a dozen dwellines. Pop. of ts. 1,379. HAMPTONVILLE, v. Surrey co. N. C. HAMPTON FALLS, ts. Rockinsham co. N. H., on the sea-coast, 20 m.. SW. from Portsmouth. It contains 3 churches, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. Pop. 656. HAMPTON ROADS, local name given to the mouth of James river, Va. It is deep enough for the largest ships of war. HAMTRAMCK, v. Wayne co. Michigan, 13 m. from Detroit. HANCOCK, co. Ken., bounded N. by the Ohio river, NE. by Breckenridge, S. by Ohio, and SW. by Daviess co. Hawsville is the capital. Pop. 2,581, of whom 539 were slaves. HANCOCK, co. In., bounded N. by Hamilton and Madison, E. by Henry and Rush, S. by Shelby, and W. by Marion co., 21 m. E. of Indianapolis. Chief town, Greenfield, Pop. 7,553. HANCOCK, ts. Hancock co. Me., situat ed on the head waters of Frenchman's bay, and is a place of some navigation. It lies 85 m. E. from Augusta. Pop, 760. HANCOCK, co. II., bounded N. by the Mississippi river and Warren, E. by Mac- donou m. from Nashville, 712 from W. C. HARPETH, r. Ten., which after a NNW. course of about 40m. falls into the Cumber land, 49 m. NW. from Nashville. It is navigable for boats to Franklin. HARPSWELL, ts. Cumberland co. Me., 40 m. E. from Portland. The soil of Harps- well is very fertile, and the location delight ful in summer. It is a resort for invalids and parties of pleasure. The people are prin cipally engaged in farming and fishing. Pop. 1,448. HARRIS, co. Geo., bounded N. by Troup and Meniwether, E. by Talbot, S. by Mus- cogee co., SW. and W. by the Chatahoo- chee r. Hamilton is the capital. Pop. 13,933, of whom 6,418 were slaves. HARRIET POINT, cape, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 60 24' N. HARRINGTON, t. Washington co. Me., on Narragaugus Bay, 25 m. W. from Machias and 118 E. from Augusta. It has good mill privileges, excellent harbors, considerable trade and navigation. Pop. 1,542. HARRISBOROUGH, t. Richmond co. Geo., on Savannah river, a little above Au gusta, 93 m. from Milledgeville and 583 from W. C., contains some 20 or 30 dwell ings, and several stores, &c. HARRISBURG, v. Haywood co. Ten., on the S. branch of the Forked Deer river, 150 m. SW. by W. from Nashville, 878 from W. C. HARRISBURG, v. Fayette co. In, 64 m. E. from Indianapolis, 521 from W. C. ; a flourishing village. HARRISBURG, v. Jefferson ts. Preble co. Ohio; a small hamlet of some 10 or 12 families. HARRISBURG, v. Nimishillen ts. Stark co. Ohio, contains a tannery and 12 or 15 houses. It lies 10 m. N. from Canton on the road to Warren. HARRISBURG, v. Harrison ts. Carrol co. Ohio, a small and pleasant village. HARRISBURG, t. Texas, on Buffalo Bayou, 15 or 20m. from the head of Galves- ton Bav. STATE-HOUSE, AT HARRISBURG. HARRISBURG, t. Dauphin co. Pa., and capital of the state, is regularly laid out on the . bank of the Susquehannah river, over which a bridge is here erected, a mile in length. It is 97 m. WNW. from Phila delphia, 35 m. NW. from Lancaster, 184 E. HAR 339 from Pittsburg, and 110 from W. C. Lat. 40 16' N. It contains 7 or 8 public build ings, and 7 houses of public worship. The state-house is a spacious and elegant build ing, and makes an imposing show. Here is a large number of stores and mechanic shops, and it is a place of considerable busi ness. A rail-road connects this place with Philadelphia and with Chambersburs:. Pop. in 1820, 3,000, in 1830, 4,307, and in 1840, 5,980. HARRISBURG, pts. Lewis co. N. Y., 20 m. from Brownville, 65 N. from Rome, and 140 NW. from Albany, drained NE. by Deer river, and is a good ts. of land. Pop. 850. HARRISBURG, or Cairo, v. Lancaster co. S. Carolina. HARRISBURG, v. Ocatahoola parish, La., 40 m. a little N. of W. from Natchez. HARRISON, ts. Cumberland co. Me., 41 in. NW. from Portland, and 75 from Augusta, a good farmins ts., and produces large crops of wheat annually. Pop. 1,243. HARRISON, pts. Westchester'co. N. Y., 30 m. NE. from New York, a good agricul tural township well watered. HARRISON, co. Va., inclosed by the counties of Ohio, Monongalia, Randolph, Kenhawa, and Wood. Pop. 17,669, of whom 693 were slaves, and 126 free colored. Chief town, Clarksbure. HARRISON, co. in the NE.part of Ken., bounded N. by Pendleton, E. by Nicholas, S. by Boon and Scott, and W. by Owen. Pop." 12,472, of whom 3,338 were slaves, and 93 free colored. Chief town, Cinthiana. HARRISON, co. Ohio, between Jeffer son and Tuscarawas counties. Sq. ms. 450. Pop. 20,099. Chief town, Cadiz. HARRISON, v. Ohio and In., standing on the line between the two states, one part being in Hamilton co. Ohio, and the other in Dearborn co. Indiana, 125 m. SW. from Columbus, and 21 from Cincinnati. It con tains a number of churches, stores, several taverns and groceries, 1 apothecary shop, about 20 mechanic shops, a flouring-mill, a carding machine, about 100 dwellings, &c. &c. HARRISON, co. In., bounded by Ohio river SE. S. and W. Big Blue river SW. Washington N. and Floyd NE. and E. Soil fertile. ~ Chief town, Corydon. Population, 12,459. HARRISON, v. Harrison co. In., 124 m. from Indianapolis, and 683 from W. C. HARRISON, t. Franklin co. In., 25 m. NW. from Cincinnati. HAItfllSON, v. Galloway co. Miso., 100 m. W. from St. Louis. HARRISONBURG, t. and cap. Cntahoula parish, La., 251 m. NNW. from New Or leans, and 40 NW. by W. from Natchez. HARRISONBURG, t. and cap. Conway co. Arkansas, 40 m. NW. from Little Rock, and 1,104 from W. C. HARRISONBURG, v. and seat of justice, Rockingham co. Va., 25 m. NNE. from Staunton, and 40 NNW. from Charlottes- ville. HARRISONVILLE, v. Monroe co. 1111- nois, on the left bank of the Missi sippi, 30 m. below St. Louis, and contains about 12 dwellings. HARRISPORT, v. Greenfield ts. Fairfield co. Ohio, a small village with 12 or 15 dwellings. HARRISVILLE, v. Butler co. Pa. HARRISVILLE, v. Brunswick co. Va., 57 m. a little W. of S. from Richmond. HARRISVILLE, v. Harrison co. Ohio, 9 m. NE. from Cadiz, and 122 E. by N. from Columbus, contains several stores, and about 350 inhabitants. HARRISVILLE RESERVE, v. Medina co. Ohio, 90 m. N. from Columbus. HARRODSBURG, t. Mercer co. Ken., on Salt river, 10 m. N. by W. from Danville. Here is a mineral spring, from which Epsom salts are obtained. It contains a court-house, jail, several stores, various mechanic shops, and has considerable trade. Pop. 1,254. HARROD'S CREEK, r. Ken., which runs into the Ohio, 10 m. above Louisville. HART, co. Ken., bounded N. by Madi son, E. by Green, S. by Barren, and W. by Edmondson and Grayson cos. Pop. 7,031, of whom 1,009 were slaves. Chief town, Munfordsville. HARTFIELD, v. Tipton co. Ten., 10 m. from Covington, and 207 WSW. from Nash ville. HARTFORD, ts. Oxford co. Me., 12 m. NE. from Paris. This excellent ts. is wa tered by ponds and small streams, and is ve ry productive of wheat. Pop. 1,472. HARTFORD, Is. Windsor co. Vt., on Connecticut river, 14 m. above Windsor, and 42 SSE. from Montpelier. The two principal villages are pleasantly located on the banks of the rivers that meet the Connec ticut at this place, both of which are flourish- ins in manufactures and trade. Pop. 2,194. HARTFORD, co. Ct., on both sides Con necticut river; bounded N. by Hampden co. Mass., E. by Tolland, S. by Middlesex and New Haven, and W. by Litchfield cos. Its present limits comprise an area of about 727 square miles. It is well watered by the Con necticut and various other streams. Pop. in 1830, 51,141, and in 1840, 55,629. Hartford is the capital. HARTFORD, city, Hartford co. Ct., and one of the capitals of the state, is regularly laid out on the W. bank of Connecticut river, 50 m. from its mouth, 14 N. from Middle- town, 34 NNE. from New Haven, 42 NW. from New London, 74 W. from Providence, 94 SE. from Albany; 100 WSW. from Bos ton, 123 NE. from New York, and 335 from W. C. Pop. in 1820, 6,901, in 1830, 9,789, and in 1840, 12,793, including the city and township. It contains 9 public buildings, among which the state-house makes the most conspicuous figure, and 9 churches. One of the Congregational churches is a spacious and elegant building. The asylum 340 HAR of the deaf and dumb, a mile west of the city, on Tower Hill, is a building creating striking interest. It was established in 1817, . and is the first institution of the kind in America. The congress of the U. States has made a generous grant to the asylum of more than 23,000 acres of land ; and the legisla tures of some of the states have made ap propriations for the support of pupils. The success of the institution has hitherto been highly gratifying, and the improvement of the pupils has equalled the most sanguine ex pectations of their friends. The retreat for the insane, a Kttle south of the town, is a spacious stone building, 150 by 50 feet, with extensive grounds for the unfortunate pa tients. Washington Episcopal College has two spacious stone buildings. It was found ed in 1826; it has 9 professors, and the num ber of students ranges from 70 to 100. It has a library containing 7,200 volumes. Commencement is on the first Wednesday of August. There are three vacations in a year; the first, from commencement, 6 weeks ; the second, 2 weeks from Thursday before Christmas ; the third, 3 weeks from Thursday before 20th of April. Hartford has a respectable amount of commerce, and numerous manufactories. Printing and pub lishing are carried on to a considerable ex tent. It has daily communication with New York by steam-boats and stages, and being at the head of sloop navigation, carries on a brisk trade with the surrounding country and places up the river. Here is a bridge across the Connecticut, 1,000 feet long, which cost $100,000, connecting the city with East Hartford. HARTFORD, ts. and v. Washington co. N. Y., 8 m. NE. from Sandy-hill, 54 N. from Albany. The village contains several church es and stores, a distillery, and about 40 dwell- insrs. Pop. of ts. 2,164. H4RTFORD, t. and cap. Pulaski co. Geo., on the Oakmulgee, 50 m. from Mil- ledgeville, and 709 from W. C., contains the usual county buildings, several stores and mechanic shops, and has some trade. HARTFORD, t. and cap. Ohio co. Ken., 154 m. from Frankfort, and 692 fromW. C., contains a court-house and a bank. HARTFORD, v. Licking co. 0., 20 m. NE. from Newark, and 30 from Columbus, contains several stores, churches, several mechanic shops, and 25 or 30 dwellings. HARTFORD, pts. Trumbull co. O v 8 m. W. of Warren, and 175 from Columbus, con tains 8 district schools, a number of stores and churches, a carding machine, about 20 mechanic shops, and about 20 families. HARTFORD, v. Ifearborn co. In., 100 m. from Indianapolis, a flourishing village. HARTFORD, v. Virgil ts. Cortland co. N. Y., 148 m. from Albany, a small village, containing about 20 dwellings. HART'S CROSS ROADS, v. Crawford co. Pa., 247 m. NW. from Harrisburg. HARTSFIELD, v. Chatauque ts. and co. N. Y., on the inlet of the Chatauque lake, 2 m. E. from Mayville, has several stores, taverns, a tannery, a grist-mill, and about 25 dwellings. HARTSVILLE, v. Madison co. In., on Fall creek, 8 m. SW. from Andersontown. HARTSVILLE, v. Bucks co. Pa. HARTSVILLE, v. Sumner co. Ten. HARTVILLE, or Hollow, v. Dutch ess co. N. Y., 80 m. S. from Albany, contains a cot ton factory, a Avoollen factory, a number of machine shops, and about 30 dwellings. HARTLAND, ts. Somerset co. Me., 42 m. NE. from Augusta. It produces large quantities of wool, and other valuable com modities. Pop. 128. HARTLAND, ts. Windsor co. Vt., on Connecticut river, 7 m. above Windsor, and 50 SE. from Montpelier. Watered by Wa- terqueechy river and Lull's brook, on which are neat villages and flourishing manufac turing establishments. Pop. 2,341. HARTLAND, ts. Hartford co. Ct., 22 m. NW. from Hartford. It lies in a mountain ous part of the state, and is cold, and fit only for grazing. Pop. 1,060. HARTLAND, ts. and v. Niagara co. N. Y., on lake Ontario, 270 m. NW. from Al bany, drained by Eighteen Mile and John son's creeks. It is a good ts. of land. The village 10 m. from Lockport is a small and pleasant village. Pop. of ts. 2,350. HARTLAND, pts. Huron, 9 m. SE. from Norwalk, and it has from 80 to 100 dwell- insrs and about 500 inhabitants. HARTSGROVE, pts. Ashtabula co. 0. It is a flourishing township. HARTLEYSTOWN, t. Union co. Pa. HART'S STORE, v. Albemarle co. Va. HARTWICK, ts. Otsego co. N. Y., on the Susquehannah, 5 m. SW. from Coopers- town, 71 W. from Albany. In 1816, a liter ary and theological seminary was establish ed here, on the bank of the river, near which is a post-office and a number of dwellings. Pop. 2,490. HARVARD, ts. Worcester co. Mass , 20 m. NE. from Worcester, and 30 m. NW. from Boston. Here are two large ponds with fine fish, and quarries of slate used for monuments. There are three paper-mills in this ts. and manufactures of palm-leaf hats, shoes, boots, leather and gravestones. Annual amount, about $40,000. Pop. 1,571. HARVEYSBURG, v. Wayne ts. Warren co. O., 12 m. NE. from Lebanon, and con tains about 30 houses. HARVEYVILLE, v. Luzerne co. Pa., 94 m. NE. from Harrisburg, contains about 20 dwellin?s. HARVELL'S, v. Dinwiddie co. V#, about 35 m. S. from Richmond. HARWICH, t. Kent co. U. C., between lake Erie and the river Thames. HARWICH, ts. Barnslable co. Mass., on Barnstable Bay, 9 m. from Chatham. On Herring river, the outlet of Longpond, are cotton and other mills. Some vessels are built here and some salt manufactured. Pop. 2,930. HAR HAV 341 HARWINTON, ts. Litchfield co. Ct., 23 m. W. from Hartford. It is situated on high ground, abounding with granite rocks and more fit for grazing than tillage. Pop. 1,201. HASKINSVILLE, v. Gibson co. Ten., 151 m. W. from Nashville. HASTE RIVER MILLS, Culpeper co. Va. HASTINGS, co. U. C., opposite the bay of Quinte. HASTINGS, v. and seat of justice, Barry eo. Mich., 154 m. W. of Detroit, and 647 from W. C. It is a flourishing and pleasant place, contains 40 or 50 houses, HASTINGS, ts. Oswego co. N. Y., 25 m. SE. from Oswego, and 150 NW. from Al bany, and contains the village of Central Square. Pop. 1,988. HATSVILLE, v. South East ts. Putnam co. N. Y., 6 m. SE. from Carmel, and 113 SE. from Albany, has a small woollen facto ry and 15 or 20 dwellings. HATBOROUGH, v. Montgomery co. Pa., 17 m. N. from Philadelphia. HATCHERSVILLE, v. Chesterfield co. Va., llm. southwardly from Richmond. HATCHES, v. Onslow co. N. C., 100 m. NE. from Raleigh. HATCHY, Big, r. Ten. and Mis., rises in the latter, and flowing NW. enters Mis sissippi river. HATFIELD, ts. Hampshire o. Mass., 5 m. above Northampton, and 95 from Boston. Its manufactures consist of corn brooms, boots, shoes, palm-leaf hats, and carriages. Annual value about $50,000. There is an elm tree in this t&. said to measure two feet from the ground 34 feet in circumference. Pop. 933. HATLEY, t. of Richelieu and Bucking ham cos. L. C., on lakes Memphremagog, Scaswaninepus, and Tomefobi. HATTERAS, cape, N. C. It is the sa lient point of a very long reef of sand, ex tending from Ocracock to New Inlet. The cape, properly so called, is in Lat. 35 15' N. HAUTE, or Holt, isl., the southernmost of the large islands in Penobscot bay, Me. HAVANA, city and s-p, on the NW. part of Cuba, 2 miles in circumference, and the capital of the island. The houses are *?legant, built of stone, and the churches are rich and magnificent. The harbor is capa ble of containing upwards of 1,000 vessels, and the entrance so narrow that only one ship can enter at a time ; it is defended by two strong forts, called the Moro and the Puntal; there are also many other forts and platforms, well furnished with artillery. Here all the ships that come from the Span ish settlements rendezvous on their return to Spain. It is seated on the W. side of the harbor, and watered by two branches of the river Lagida. Pop. about 70,000. Lon. from W. C. 5 2' W. Lat 23 12' N. HAVANA, province of the island of Cuba, comprising the sub-provinces of Ma- tanzas, Trinidad, Santa Espirita; Remedies, and Villa Clara. Havana, principal city. HAVANA, v. Green co. Ala., 53 m. SW. from Tuscaloosa. HAVANA, t. Lauderdale co. Alabama, on N. bank of the Tennessee, 9 m. from Florence. HAVANNA, v. Catharines ts. Chemung co. N. Y., 18 m. N. from Elmira. It is a very handsome and thriving village, and has sev eral churches and mills, upon a small stream rushing over a high hill with three cascades, making together a fall of more than 100 feet, 10 or 12 stores, and about 100 dwellings. HAVANNA, v. and landing in Tazewell co. IL, on the Illinois river, opposite the mouth of Spoon river. It is well situated for trade. HAVERHILL, v. Green ts. Scioto co. O., on the bank of the Ohio river, 20 m. above Portsmouth, contains a commission warehouse, a horse grist-mill and about 50 inhabitants. HAVERHILL, ts. Grafton co. N. H., on the Connecticut, opposite Newbury, with which it is connected by a bridge ; 27 m. N. from Dartmouth College, 31 m. NNW. from Plymouth, 119 m. NW. from Ports mouth. Pop. 2,784. In the SW. part of the ts. there is a handsome village con taining a court-house, a jail, an academy, a Congregational meeting-house, and is a place of considerable business. The courts for the county are held alternately here and at Plymouth. Distance from W. C. 509 m. HAVERHILL, ts. Essex co. Mass., at the head of navigation on the N. side of the Merrimack, 18 miles from its mouth, op posite Bradford; 15 m. WSW. from New- buryport, 18 m. SSW. from Exeter, 19 m. NNW. from Salem, 30 N. from Boston . It is a pleasant and flourishing town, and contains a bank, cotton and woollen manufactories, 2 printing-offices, a library containing about 1,000 volumes, and several houses of public worship. The river is navigable to this place for vessels of 100 tons. Here is an elegant bridge across the Merrimack. It has consi derable manufactures of leather, hats, plated ware, &c., and trades largely in shoes, and it has an extensive trade with the back country. The total amount of all the arti cles manufactured here annually, is up wards of $ 1 ,000,000. Pop. 4,336. HAVERSTRAW, ts. and bay, Rockland co. N. Y., on W. side of the Hudson, 40 m. N. from New York, and 109 S. from Albany, contains the villages of Warren and Sam- sondale, both of which are flourishing. The bay is an expansion of the Hudson river, forming a beautiful sheet of water, 4 m. broad, and about 6 long. Pop. 3,449. HAVRE DE GRACE, t. Harford co. Md., on W. side of the Susquehannah, at its confluence with the Chesapeake, 36 m. NE. from Baltimore, 64 m. WSW. from Philadel phia. It contains a bank and is a place of some trade, having a number of stores and various mechanics. Lat. 39 33' N. 342 HAW HEA HAW, r. N. C., which rises near the N. border of the state, and joins Deep river to form the NW. branch of Cape Fear river. It may be easily made navigable for 50 miles. HAW RIVER, v. Orange co. N. C., 223 m. from W. C. HAWFIELD, v. Orange co. N. C., 14 m. W. of Hillsborough, 55 NW. by W. from Raleigh. HAWK'S BAY, bay on the coast of Ala bama, westward of the mouth of Mobile bay, between Pelican and Dauphin islands. HAWKE, v. Rocfcingham co. N. H., 19 m. SW. from Portsmouth. HAWKESBURY, t. Prescott co. U. C., on the Ottawa. HAWKESBURY ISLAND, isl. on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 53 36' N. HAWKINS, co. East Tennessee, bounded N. by Claiborne co. and Va.,E. by Sullivan, S. by Green, and W. by Grainge cos. Pop. 15,025, of whom 1,479 were slaves, and 128 free colored. Chief town, Rogersville. HAWKINSBURG, t. Shenandoah co. Va. HAWKINSVILLE, v. Pulaski co. Geo., about 70 m. S. of Milledgeville. HAWKSBILL MILLS, v. Shenandoah co. Va. HAWLEY, ts. Franklin co. Mass., 14 m. WSW. from Greenfield, 120 m. WNW. from Boston ; a considerable quantity of leather is tanned in this township. It has good iron ore and some iron works. HAWSVILLE, t. and cap. of Hancock co. Ken., situated on the Ohio river at the mouth of Blackford creek. HAYDEN, v. George t. Fayette co. Pa., on George creek, 8 m. SW. from Union t. HAY CREEK, r. Pa., which runs into the Schuylkill. HAY SPRING, v. Campbell co. Ken. HAYCOCK, t. Bucks co. Pa. HAYCOCK, isl. Pa., in the Delaware, 7 m. below Easton. HAYMARKET, v. Muskingum co. Ohio, on the E. bank of the Muskingum, 9 m. above Zanesville. HAYMARKET, v. Prince William co. Va., 38 in. WSW. from Washington. HAYNEVILLE, v. Houston co. Geo., 60 m. from Milledgeville, and 712 from W. C,; contains about 30 houses. HAYNESVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Lowndes co. Ala , 60 ro. W. from Tusca- loosa. HAYSBOROUGH, v. Davidson co. Ten., on Cumberland river, 7 m. above Nashville. HAYSBURG, v. Bolton ts. Warren co. N. Y. HAY WOOD, western co. ol N.C., bound ed by Geo. S. Ten. NW. and Buncombe E. The great body of the co. is an elevated mountain valley. Pop. 4,975, of whom 304 were slaves. HAYWOOD, C. H., Haywood co. N. C., 293 m. SW. by W. from Raleigh, and 549 m. from W. C. HAYWOOD, co. Ten., in the western part of the state, bounded N. by Dyer, E*. by Madison, S. by Fayette, W. by Tipton cos. Pop. 13,870, of whom 6,257 were' slaves. Brownville is the capital. HAYWOODSBOROUGH, t. Chatham co. N. C., at the confluence of the Haw and Deep rivers, about 38 m. N. by W. from; Fayetteville. It is situated near the centre of the state. HAY'S MILLS, v. Shenandoah eo. Va., about 80 m. W. from W. C. HAYSVILLE, v. Franklin co. N. C.,.46 m. NE. fora Raleigh. HAYSVILLE, v. Vermillion ts. Richland co. O., 14 m. E. from Mansfield. HAZARD, v. and cap. Perry co. Ken., 148 m. from Frankfort, and 550 from W. C It contains the court-house, jail, various mechanic shops, a number of stores, &c. &c. HAZARD, or Richmond bay, in Hudson's bay. Lon. 75 50' W. Lat. 56 35' N. HAZEL GROVE, v. Grant co. Wiscon sin. HAZEL GREEN, v. Madison co. Ala., 18 m. N. from Huntsville. HAZELTON, v. Luzerne co. Pa., on the road from Beaver Meadows to Berwick, 3 m. from the former. It has sprung up on account of the coal mines in the vicinity, and contains several stores, taverns, several' mechanics, and does considerable business in coal; &c. HAZLE GREEN, v. Madison co. Mis souri. HAZLE PATCH, or Rice's, v. Knox co. Ken. HAZLETON'S FERRY, v. Knox co. In. HEAD OF APPLE CREEK, a settle ment in the SE. part of Morgan co. II., 18 m. from Jacksonville. HEAD OF APPLE RIVER, a settle ment in Joe Daviess co. II., SE. from Ga lena. HEAD OF NAVIGATION, v. Spartan- burg district, S. C., 107 m. NNW. from Co lumbia. HEAD OF RICHLAND, a settlement in Sangamon co. II., on Richland creek, 14 m. NW. from Springfield. Here is an excel lent flouring-mill by ox-power, and' a card ing machine and clothing works for dressing cloth. HEAD OF SILVER CREEK, a settle ment in the NE. part of Madison co. II. HEAD OF WOOD RIVER, a settlement in the S. part of Macoupin co. H., a con siderable settlement. HEAD OF CHESTER, v. Kent co. Md.. HEAD OF COW NECK, v. Queens co. N..Y. HEAD OF SASSAFRAS, v. Kent co. Md., a small village of some 10 or 12 houses. HEAD OF SEVERN, v. Ann-Arundel co. Md., 15 m. S. from Baltimore, has about 15 houses. HEALTHY COVE, bay of the island of Jamaica, on the S. coast. Lon. 77 W. Lat.. 17 44' N. HEARD, co. Geo., bounded N. by Car- HEA HEN 343 roll, NE, by Coweta, SE. by Troup, and SW. by the state line of Alabama. Franklin is the capital, 153 m. N. of W. from Milledge- ville. Pop. 5,329, of whom 1,577 were slaves. HEART LAKE, lake, N. H., 20 m. E. from Stuart. It is 6 m. long and 3 broad. HEATH, ts. Franklin co. Mass., 12 m. NW. from Greenfield, 125 WNW. from Bos ton. Here are some manufactures of lea ther, boots, shoes, and palm-leaf hats. Pop. 895. HEATH POINT, SE. extremity of the island of Anticosti, in the Gulf of St. Law rence. HEBARDSVILLE, v. Alexander ts. Athens co. Ohio, 6 m. S. from Athens. HEBRON, ts. Oxford co. Maine, 9 m. S. frofc Paris, 150 m. NNE. from Boston. Pop. 945. It contains an academy and a woollen manufactory. HEBRON, ts. Grafton co. N. H., 8 m. SW. from Plymouth, and 40 from Concord. A considerable part of Newfound lake lies in this township. Pop. 508. HEBRON, ts. Tolland co. Ct., 20 m. SE. from Hartford. It contains several churches, 2 cotton factories, 1 woollen and 1 paper- mill, a large iron furnace, and other manu factures. Pop. 1,726. HEBRON, ts. and v. Washington co. N. Y., 8 m. N. from Salem. The village, 52 m. from Albany, is a small place with some 8 or 10 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,498. HEBRON, v. Union ts. Licking co. Ohio, on the Ohio canal, at the intersection of the national road ; contains about 70 dwell ings, 8 or 10 stores, 4 large warehouses, se veral taverns, and various mechanic shops. Distance 27 m. from Columbus, 4 from New ark, and 21 from Lancaster. HEBRON, v. Washington co. Geo., 17 m. S. of Milledgeville. HEBRON, v. Green co. Ala., 38 m. SSW. from Tuscaloosa. HECKTOWN, v. Lower Nazareth ts. Northampton co. Pa., 7 m. from Easton. HECTOR, pts. Tompkins co. N. Y., 10 nu S. from Ovid, and 186 W. from Albany; contains the villages of Burdette, Mecklen burg, Reynoldville and Searsburg. Pop. 5,652. HECTOR CAPE, cape on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 51 57' 20" N. HEIDLERSBURG, v^ Tyrone ts. Adams co. Pa., 9 m. NE. from Gettysburg, and 24 SE. from Harrisburg, a considerable village. HELENA, t. N. part of Iowa co. Wis., on Wisconsin river. It bids fair to become a place of importance. HELENA, v. Brasher ts. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., at the forks of St. Regis river ; has a saw and grist-mill, clothing works and some 10 or 12 dwellings. HELENA, v. Pickens dist. S. C., 149 m. NW. from Columbia. HELLEN, v. Clearfield co. Pa., 149 m. W. from Harrisburg. HELENA, t. and cap. Phillips co. Ark., on the Mississippi, 12 m. below the St. Francis. It is a place of considerable busi ness and importance, contains the county buildings, several stores and forwarding houses, carrying on a brisk trade with the country around. HELLERSTOWN, v. Northampton co. Pa., 4 m. SE. from Bethlehem. HELLGATE, strait, in East river, N. Y., 8 m. from New York, between the islands of Manhattan and Parsell on the NW. and Long Island on the SE. Here are numerous whirlpools, the roaring of which, at certain times of the tide, is tremendous. Vessels of any burden, however, may be conducted through the strait by a skilful pilot at high tide. HEMLOCK, lake, in Livonia, N. Y., 6 m. long and 4 bjjoad, communicates with Honeoy creek. HEMMINGFORD, t. Huntingdon co. L. C., on the Province line, 34 in. S. from Mon treal. REMPFIELD, v. Lancaster co. Pa., 3 m. W. from Lancaster. HEMPSTEAD, ts. and v. Queens co. Long Island, N. Y., 22 rn. E. from New York, and 172 SE. from Albany, contains a number of churches, several stores for gen eral merchandize, the usual handicrafts per taining to a thriving village, about 130 dwellings, a branch Bible society, a lyceum, a literary and scientific association, and a fire insurance company. Pop. of ts. 7,609. HEMPSTEAD, co. Ark., on Red river, bounded N. by Pike, E. by Clark and Union, S. by La Fayette, and W. by Savier ; Wash ington is the seat of justice. Pop. 4,921, of whom 1,936 were slaves., HEMPSTEAD FORT, Mis., on the N. side of the Miso. 2 1-2 m. above Franklin. HEMPSTEAD HARBOR, v. N. Hemp- stead t. Queens co. N. Y., at the head of Hempstead bay, 6 m. from Long Island sound. HEMPSTEAD PLAIN, on Long Island, N. Y., in Queens co., 15 m. long, and 4 broad. HEN AND CHICKENS, group of small islands in the W. part of lake Erie, and N. from the Bass Islands. HENDERSON, ts. and v. Jefferson co. N. Y., on lake Ontario. The v. has seve ral churches, stores, 2 grist-mills, clothing works, and about 70- dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,480. HENDERSON, co. Ken., bounded by Ohio river N. Davies co. E. Hopkins S. and Union W. Pop. 9,548, of whom 3,3 19 were slaves. Chief town, Henderson. HENDERSON, v. and seat of justice, Henderson co. Ken., on the left bank of Ohio river ; has a court-house, jail, several stores and mechanics, and has an increasing and flourishing: trade. HENDERSON, t. York co. S. C. HENDERSON, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,073. HENDERSON, v. Montgomery co. N. C. HENDERSON, co. Ten., bounded by 344 HEN HER Hardin S. Madison W. Carroll N. and Perry E. Chief town, Lexington. Pop. 11,875, of whom 1,954 were slaves. HENDERSON, v. Yalo Buska, Mis.. 145 m. from Jackson, 965 from W. C., a small village. HENDERSON'S STORE, v. Botetourt to. Va., 206 m. W. from Richmond. HENDRENSVILLE, v. Henry co. Ken., 40 m. W. from Frankfort. HENDERSONTON, t. and cap. Mont gomery co. N. C. HENDERSONVILLE, Nottaway co. Va., on Little Nottaway river. HENDERSONVILLE, or Henderson's Ferry, v. Newbury district, S. C., 30 m. above Columbia. HENDERSONVILLE, v. in Sumner co. Ten., 20 m. from Nashville. HENDERSONVILLE, v. Knox co. II., HW. from Knoxville. HENDRICKS, co. In., bounded by Boone N. Marion E. Morgan S. and Put nam W. Danville is the capital. Pop. 11,264. HENDRICK'S STORE, Bedford co. Va., 177 m. W. from Richmond. HEJN co. Pa. HENDRYSBURG, v. Kirkwood ts. Bel- mont co. 0., 15 m. W. from St. Clairsville, on the national road. HENLEY-HOUSE, station of the Hudson Bay company, on Albany river. HENLOPEN, Cape, Del., the SW. point at the entrance of Delaware bay, 28 m. from Cape May. Lon. 75 6' W. Lat. 38 47' N. Here is a light-house. HENNEPIN, v. and cap, of Putnam co. H., situated on the Illinois river, 43 m. N. of Vandalia. It is a flourishing village and contains more than a dozen stores, seve ral taverns, a court-house, jail, and about 600 inhabitants. Steam-boats ascend to this place at a moderate stage of water. HENNIKER, ts. Merrimack co. N. H., 13 m. W. from Concord. It is well watered by various streams and is a flourishing town ship. HENRICO, co. Va., bounded N. by Han over and New Kent, E. by Charles City, S. by Chesterfield, and W. by Goochland. Pop. 33,076, of whom 13,237 were slaves, and 2,939 free colored. Chief town, Rich mond. HENRIETTA, pts. Lorain co. O., 133 m. NNE. from Columbus, and contains about 800 inhabitants. HENRIETTA, ts. Monroe co. N. Y., on Genesee river. Pop. 2,085. HENRY, co. Va., bounded N. by Frank lin, E. by Pittsylvania cos. S. by N. C., and W. by Patrick co. Pop. 7,335, of whom 2,852 were slaves, and 240 free colored. Chief town, Martinsville. HENRY, Cape, Va., the S. point at en trance of Chesapeake bay, 12 m. S. from Cape Charles. Lon. 76 W. Lat. 36 58' N. HENRY, co. West Ten., bounded N. by Ken., E. by Stewart, S. by Humphries and Carroll, and W. by Weakly cos. Paris is the seat of justice. Pop. in 1830, 12,245, in 1840, 14,906, of whom 3,677 were slaves. HENRY, co. In., bounded N. by Dela ware, E. by Wayne, S. by Rush, and W. by Hancock and Madison. Chief town, Newcastle. Pop. 15,128. HENRY, co. in the NW. part of Illinois, bounded on the N. by Rock river and Whiteside, E. by Putnam, S. by Knox, and W. by Mercer and Rock Island cos. It is watered by Rock and Green rivers, and the head branches of Edward's, Pope's and Spoon river. This county is not equal in fertility to those around it, as it embraces a considerable wet swampy land. Pflp. in 1835, only 118, and in 1840, 1,268. HENRY, co. Iowa, next W. of Des Moines, intersected from NW to SE. by Skunk river. Chief town is Mount Plea- ant. Pop. 3,772. HENRY, v. Muskingum co. O., 79 m. E. from Columbus. HENRY, v. Putnam co. II., on the W. side of Illinois river, below Hennepin. HENRY, co. Geo., bounded by Gwinnet NW. Newton NE. Jasper and Jones E. Fayette S. and Flint river W. Pop. 11,175, of whom 3,316 were slaves. Chief town, M'Donoush. HENRY, v. Henry co. Geo., 67 m. NW. by W. from Milledgeville. HENRY, co. Ken., bounded by Jeflerson SW. Ohio river W. Gallatin N. and NE. Kentucky river or Owen co. E. and Shelby S. Pop. 10,015, of whom 2,349 were slaves. Chief town, Newcastle. HENRY, co. Ohio, in New Pur chase, bounded N. by Michigan,' E. by Wood, S. by Putnam, and W. by Wil liams. No county in the state is better sup plied with running streams. Pop. 2,503. Chief town, Damascus. HENRY, SE. co. of Ala., bounded by Chatahooche river E. Florida S. Covington W. and Pike N. Pop. in 1830, 3,955/and in 1840, 5,789, of whom 1,084 were slaves. Columbia is the chief town. HENRY, Cross Roads, v. Sevier co. Ten., 200 m. E. from Murfreesborough. HENRY POINT, the E. point of ~Haldi- man Cove, U. C. HERCULANEUM, t. Jeflerson co. Miso., near the Mississippi, 21 m. above St. Genevieve, 30 S. from St. Louis. Here is a shot manufactory. This town is the store-house of the lead mines, which are 45 m. W. from this place. It is 950 m. from W. C. It has several stores and forward ing houses. HEREFORD, t. Buckingham co. L. C., on the head waters of Connecticut river. HEREFORD, v. Baltimore co. Md., 51 m. from Annapolis and 59 from W. C., a small village of some 10 or 15 houses. HERKIMER, co. central part of N. Y., HER HIG 345 bounded N. by St. Lawrence co., E. by Hamilton, S. by Otsego, and W. by Oneida and Lewis. Pop. in 1830, 55,869, and in 1840, 37,477. Chief town, Herkimer. HERKIMER, t. and cap. of Herkimer co. N. Y., on the N. side of the Mohawk, 20 m. E. from Utica, 78 W. from Albany. The principal village is situated at a little distance from the entrance of West Canada Creek into the Mohawk, and contains the county buildings, a number of stores and taverns, and about 150 dwellings. Little Flats, another considerable village, is 7 m. W. At this village there is a canal with 8 locks, the water in which for the space of 2 miles may be used under a head of 40 feet. Here are extensive manufacturing es tablishments. Pop. of ts. 2,369. HERMAN'S STATION, v. Ken., on a branch of Sandy r. 18 m. S. from Balclutha. . HERMITAGE, v. Prince Edward co. Va., 228 m. from W. C. HERMON, ts. Penobscot co. Me., 7 m. W. from Bangor, a good agricultural ts. Pop. 1,042. HERMON, ts. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., 23 m. SE. from Ogdensburg, and 180 NW. from Albany, and contains the village of Depauvill. Pop. 1,271. HERNDORSVILLE, t. Scott co. Ken., 33 m. NE. from Frankfort. HERON CREEK, creek, Mass., W. of Cape Malabar. HERRING BAY, bay, Md., on W. side of the Chesapeake, 15 m. S. from Annapolis. HERRINGTON' S SETTLEMENT, Wayne co. II., llm. NW. from Fairfield, contains 80 or 100 families. HERTFORD, co. NE. part of N. C. Pop. 7,484, of whom 3,295 were slaves, and 802 free blacks. Chief town, Winton. HERTFORD, t. and cap. of Perquimans co. N. C., on Perquimans river, 15 m. NNE. from Edenton, 267 from W. C. HERTFORD, co. L. C., on the right side of the St. Lawrence, opposite the isl and of Orleans. HEY, Point, the NW. part of Comp troller's Bay, on the NW. coast of America. Lon. 215 45' E. Lat. 60 11' N. HIAQUI, river of Mexico, in Sonora y Sinaloa, falls into the Gulf of California, after a course of 400 m. Mouth at Lat. 27 30' N. HIBERNIA, v. Galloway co. Miso., about 100 m. by land W. from St. Louis, a small place. HICKES' KEYS, inlets, in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 88 54' W. Lat. 17 10' N. HICKLENS, v. Washington co. Geo., 31 m. from Milledgeville. HICKMAN, SW. co. of Ken., on Missis sippi river, bounded N. by Graves, E. by Galloway and M'Cracken, and S. by the state of Tennessee. Clinton and Columbus are the chief towns. Pop. 8,968, of whom 1,61 were slaves. HTCKMAN, co. Middle Tennessee, on T 1 3uck river, bounded N. by Dickson, E. by Vfaury, S. by Lawrence and Wayne, and W. by Perry cos. Pop. 8,618. Chief town,Vernon. HICKMAN'S CREEK, r. Smith co. Ten., which falls into Caney Fork, 6 m. above its mouth. HICKMAN'S CREEK, r. Ken., which runs into the river Kentucky. HICKORY, v. Venango co. Pa., on the Alleghany, 20 m. NE. from Franklin, 201 rom Harrisburg, and 265 from W. C. HICKORY, or Mount Pleasant, v. Wash- ngton co. Pa., llm. NN W. from Washing ton, the seat of justice for the county. HICKORY CREEK, t. on a small stream of that name, flowing into Caney Fork, branch -of Cumberland river, Warren coun ty, Ten., 35 m. SE. from Murfreesborough. HICKORY GROVE, Abbeville district, S. C. HICKORY GROVE, v. Henry co. Geor gia, about 70 m. NW. by W. from Milledge ville. HICKORY GROVE, v. Montgomery co. Miso., 53 m. W. from St. Louis. HICKORY GROVE, a settlement in Bond co. II., 9 m. S. of W. from Greenville. The settlement contains about 100 families and several stores. HICKORY GROVE, a settlement in Green co. II., 12 m. S. from Carrdlton, on the road to Alton. HICKORY HILL SETTLEMENT, Wayne co. II., 18 m. W. from Fairfield, and has a population of 70 or 80 families. HICKORY HILL, Beaufort district, S. C. HICKORY MOUNTAIN, v. Chatham co. N. C., 46 m. W. from Raleigh. HICKSFORD, v. Greenville co. Va., on the S. side of Meherin river, 69 m. S. from Richmond. HICKSTOWN, t. and cap. Madison co. Florida, 52 m. E. from Tallahassee, and 865 from W. C. HICKSVILLE, v. Williams co. O., 19 m. W. from Defiance, and 25 NE. from Wayne, contains a grist-mill and 25 or 30 families. HIGGINSPORT, v. Jackson co. Iowa, on the Great Macoquetois river. HIGGINSPORT, v. Brown co. 0., on Ohio river, 4 m. below Ripley, and 103 SW. from Columbus. HIGGIN'S POINT, NW. coast of Ameri ca. Lon. 228 25' E. Lat. 55 27' N. HIGGINS' SETTLEMENT, Crawford co. II., 5 m. S. from Palestine. HIGHAM, v. Overton co. Ten., 14 m. W. of Monroe, and 109 NE. by E. from Nash ville. HIGH FALLS, v. Marbletown ts. Ulster co. N. Y., on the Rondout creek, where the water falls 25 feet, has a woollen and cotton factory, a manufactory for hydraulic cement, and 15 or 20 dwellings. HIGHGATE, ts. Franklin co.Vt.,inNW. corner of the state, on lake Champlain ; 40 m. N. from Burlington. This town has iron works, and considerable trade in lumber. Pop. 2,292. 346 HIG HIL HIGH GROVE, v. Nelson co. Ken., near Bardstown, 54 m. SW. by W. from Frank fort. HIGHLAND, v. Madison co. II., 16 m. SE. from Edwardsville. An extensive set tlement of Germans in its vicinity. HIGHLAND, a settlement in Pike co. II., between Pittsfield and Atlas. HIGHLAND, co. SW. part of O., bound ed N. by Clinton and Fayette, E. by Ross and Pike, S. by Adams and Brown, and W. by Brown cos. Pop. 22,269. Chief town, Hillsborough. HIGHLANDS, a mountainous tract in N. Y., through which the Hudson flows. The loftiest Summits are Thunderhill, St. Anthony's Nose, Sugar-loaf, Butter-hill, and Breakneck-hill. The passage of the Hud son through the Highlands is remarkably grand, being 18 miles. HIGHLAND CREEK, river, Ken., which runs into the Ohio, Lon. 82 22' W. Lat. 37 32' N. HIGH PEAK, peak of the Catskill moun tains, N. Y. Height 3,487 feet. HIGH PLAINS, v. Bledsoe co. Ten., 88 m. E. from Nashville. HIGH PRAIRIE, a settlement in St, Clair co. II., 8 m. S. from Belleville.. HIGH ROCK, v. Rockingham co. N. C. HIGH SHOALS, v. Clark co. Geo., con tains 15 or 20 dwellings. HIGHSMITH'S SETTLEMENT, Craw ford co. II., 10 m. S. from Palestine, and eon- tains 30 or 40 families. HIGH SPIRE, Swatara ts. Dauphin co. Pa., 6 m. SE. from Harrisburg. HIGHTSTOWN, v. Middlesex co. N. J., on a branch of Mill-stone river, by post-road 19 m. NE. from Trenton, and 25 a little W. of S. from New Brunswick, contains 2 churches and taverns, a grist and saw-mill, and about 50 dwellings. HIGUEY, t. St. Domingo, 80 m. E. from St. Domingo. Pop. 3,500. HILL'S BAY, bay, in Chesapeake bay. Lon. 76 20' W. Lat. 37 32' N. HILL CREEK, r. Md., which runs into the Potomac. Lon. 78 23' W. Lat. 39 40' N. HILL GROVE, v. Pittsylvania co. Va., about 125 m. WSW. from Richmond. HILL HOUSE, v. in the N. part of Geauga co. 0., 185 m. NE. from Columbus. HILLHAM, v. Overton co. Ten., 699 m. from W. C., contains some 15 or 20 houses. HILLIARDSTOWN, v. Nash co. N. C., by post-road 70 m. NE. from Raleigh. HILLSBORO, co. Florida, bounded N. by Dade, E. by the Indian Reserve, S. by Charlotte harbor, and W. by the Gulf of Mexico. HILLSBORO, v. in the E. part of Wayne co. In. HILLSBORO, v. Green co. In., on the NE. side of Eel river, near its mouth, 8 m. N. from Bloomfield. HILLSBORO, v. Fountain co. In., 13 m. E. by S. from Covington. HILLSBORO, v. Hnry co. In., NE. from Newcastle. HILLSBOROUGH, co. south part of N. H., bounded N. by Grafton co., E. by Straf- ford and Rockingham cos., S. by Massa chusetts, and W. by Cheshire co. Pop. 42,494. Chief town, Amherst. HILLSBOROUGH, ts. Hillsborough co. N. H., 13 m. WSW. from Hopkinton, 20 W. from Concord. This is a good agricultural ts., and contains a number of mills, and' a woollen and a cotton factory. Pop. 1,807. HILLSBOROUGH, ts. Westmoreland co. New Brunswick. HILLSBOROUGH, t. Madison co. Ala., 164 m. from Tuscaloosa, and 717 from W. C.. HILLSBOROUGH, t. Orange co. la. HILLSBOROUGH, v. Caroline co. Md., 27 m. SSW. from Chester, 79 from W. C. HILLSBOROUGH, v. London co. Va., 8 m. NNW. from Leesbunj, 51 from W. C. . HILLSBOROUGH, vrCulpeper co. Va., 104 m. from W. C. HILLSBOROUGH, v. and cap. Highland co. Ohio, 36 m. W. by S. from Chillicothe, 55 SW. from Columbus, and 441 from W.. C. It contains the court-house, jail, seve ral taverns, stores, and churches, 2 acade mies, about 1,000 inhabitants, and a full supply of mechanics. HILLSBOROUGH, t. and cap. Orange co. N. C., on the Eno, 30 m. NW. from Raleigh, 110 ENE. from Salisbury, 180 WNW. from Newbern. It is situated in an elevated, fer tile, and healthy country, and contains a court-house, a jail, and an academy. Dis tance from W. C.,296 miles. HILLSBOROUGH, v. and cap. Scott co. Miss., about 20 m. E. from Jackson, contains the county buildinsrs, various mechanics, and from 15 to 20 dwellings. HILLSBOROUGH, r. Florida, which runs into the Gulf of Florida. Lon. 81 30' W. Lat. 28 36' N. HILLSBOROUGH, or Espiritu Santo Tampa, bay, on the W. coast of Florida. It is the most spacious bay on that coast, 6O m. from lake George. Lon. 83 W. Lat. 27 36' N. HILLSBOROUGH, v. Jasper co. Geo. } 59 m. NW. from Milledgeville. HILLSBOROUGH, v. Washington co. Pa., on the U. S. turnpike road, almost exactly mid-distance between Washington and Brownsville, llm. from each. HILLSBOROUGH, v. Franklin co. Ten. r 60 m. SSE. from Murfrecsborough. HILLSBOROUGH, v. and cap. Montgo mery co. II., 25 m. NW. from Unadilla. It contains the county buildings, a number of stores, a variety of mechanic shops, 2 tan neries, and about 80 dwellings. It is a flourishing place. HILLSBOROUGH BAY, bay, on the N. coast of Dominica. Lon. 61 22' W. Lat. 15 42' N. HILLSBOROUGH BAY, bay, on the S. coast of the island of St. John. Lon. 62 40' W. Lat. 46 10' N. HIL HOB 347 HILLSBKIDGE, v. Halifax co. N. C., 116 m. NE. from Raleigh. HILLSDALE, pts. Columbia co. N. Y., 18 m. SE. of the city of Hudson, and 48 S. from Albany, contains the villages of Water- ville and Turnpike, both pleasant villages. Pop. 2,470, HILLSDALE, co. Mich., bounded N. by Jackson, and E. by Lenawee cos., S. by Williams co, O., W. by Branch co. Mich. Length from N. to S. 32 m., breadth 26. Pop. 7,240. Chief town, Jonesville. HILL'S STORE, v. Randolph co. N. C., about 60 m, W. from Raleigh. HILL-TOP, v. Charles co, Md., 44 m. from W. C. HILLTON HEAD, island OR the coast of S. C., near the mouth of Savannah river. Lon. 80 20' W. Lat. 32 10' N. HILTON HEAD, cape on E. coast of Trench's Isfand, at going into Portland en trance. Lon, 80 46' W. Lat. 32 16' N. HILTON'S POfNT, on Piscataqua river, the SE. point of the town of Dover, 7 m. from the sea. HILLVILLE, v. Mercer co. Pa., 12 m. NW. from the boro. of Mercer. HINCHA, v. St. Domingo, at the mouth of Guayamuco, 64 m. NW. from St. Do- aiingo, in N. Lat. 19 3'. HINCHINBROKE, Cape, on the NW. coast of America, at the entrance of Prince William's sound. Lon, 213 56' E. Lat. 60 16*' N. HINCHINBROOK, t. Huntingdon co. L. C., on the province line, 40 m. SW. from Montreal. HINCHINBROOK ISLAND, fel. on the NW. coast of America, in Prince William's sound, about 50 m. in circumference. Lon. 213 50' to 214 24' E. Lat. 60 24' N. HTNDOSTAN, v. Martin co. In., on the E. fork of White river, 3 m. E. by S. from Mt. Pleasant. HINDS, co. Miss., bounded N. by Madison, co., E. by Pearl 1 river, which separates it from Rankin co., S. by Copiah co., and W. by Claiborne co. and Big Black river, which divides it by Warren co. Jackson, the capi tal of the stale, is situated in this county. Pop. 19,098, of whom 12,275 were slaves. Raymond is the seat of justice for the county. HINDSVILLE, v. Jefferson co. In., 17 m. W. from Madison, and 82 SSE. from In dianapolis. HINESBURG, ts. Chittenden co. Vt., 12 m. SE. from Burlington. It contains a plea sant village, ami numerous manufacturing operations are found on its streams. Pop. 1,682. HINESVILLE, v. Patrick co. Va., 280 m. SW. by W, from Richmond, HINGHAM, ts. Plymouth co. Mass., 14 m. SE. from Boston, 455 from W. C. It lies on S. side of Boston harbor, is a very plea sant townships, and contains several churches, a woollen manufactory, and a well-endowed academy. About 80 sail of vessels belong to this place, which are engaged in the cod and mackerel fishery and coasting trade. la this township are an iron foundery, considera ble ship- building, and a steam bucket facto ry. The annual amount of manufactures at this place is about $240,000. They consist of leather, boots, shoes, iron castings, hats, ploughs, silk, salt, vessels, cordage, carriages, &c. &c. Pop. 3,464. HINKLEY, v. Medina co. Ohio, about 100 m. N. from Columbus, a small village with 15 or 20 houses. HINKSON'S, t. Boone co. Miso., 102 m. W. from St. Charles. HINKLETOWN, v. Lancaster co. Pa., 128 m. from W. C. HINKLETOWN, v. Earle ts. Lancaster co. Pa., 13 m. NE. from the city of Lancas ter and 43 from Harrisburg. HINSDALE, ts. and v. Cattaraugus co. N. Y., on Olean creek, 10 m. N. from Ha milton, on AUeshany river, and 281 SW. from Albany. The lines of the Erie rail road and Olean canal run through this township. The village has a number of stores, taverns and mills, clothing works, carding machines, tannery, and about 30 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,987. HINSDALE, ts. Cheshire co. N. H., on the Connecticut, 15 m. SW. from Keene, and 75 SW. from Concord. It is well watered with springs and rivulets of the purest water. Pop. 1,141, HINSDALE, ts. Berkshire co. Mass.. 15 m. NNW. from Lenox, 130 W. from Bos ton. It contains two woollen mills, and manufactures of boots, shoes, leather, hats, &c. &c. total annual value, about $85,000. Pop. 955. HIRAM, ts. Oxford co. Me., 34 m. SW. from Paris, 160 NNE. from Boston. It is a fertile township, and very productive of wool and wheat. Pop. 1,282. HIRAM, pts. Portage co. Ohio, 148 m. NE. from Columbus. It is a fertile town ship, and much improved. HITESVILLE, v. Coles co. II., 12 m. from Charleston, a small village with about 20 families. HIWASSEE, r. in the country of the Cherokees. It rises in Georgia, flows into Tennessee, and joins the Tennessee river about 12 m, SW. from Washington, near Hiwassee garrison. HOBART,. v. Stamford ts. Delaware co. N. Y., on the W. branch of Delaware river, 16 m. NE. from Delhi, and 58 from Albany; contains several churches, a select school, a number of stores, a woollen factory, found ery, tannery, and 75 or 80 dwellings. HOBART POINT, the NW. point at the entrance into Port Houghton, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 57 17' N. HOBOKEN, v. Hudson co. N. J., on the Hudson, 1 m. above New York, built chiefly on one street and contains about 120 dwell ings, several taverns and stores, and various mechanics. Several steam-boats ply con stantly between this village and N. Y. 34.8 HOC HOL HOCCANUM,r.t., which runs into the 'Connecticut at East Hartford, and affords many mill-seats. HOCKHOCKING, r. Ohio, which rises in Fairfield co. and runs into the Ohio at Troy, 25 m. below Marietta, 150 above the mouth of the Scioto, and is navigable for boats to Athens, 40 m. from its mouth. It has a deep and still, but narrow channel. Near its source, 7 m. N. of Lancaster, is a roman tic cascade of 40 feet perpendicular. It has a number of mills erected on it. Its chief tributaries are Rush, Sunday, Monday, Mar garet's, and Federal creeks. HOCKING, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Fair- field and Perry, E. by Athens, S. by Jackson, and W. by Ross co. Pop. 9,431. Chief town, Logan. HODGENSVILLE, v. Hardin co. Ken., 83 m. SW. from Frankfort, and 631 from W. C. HOFFSVILLE, T. Harrison co. Va., 253 m. from Richmond, and 236 from W. C. HOGANSBURG, v. Franklin co. N. Y., 267 m. NNW. from Albany ; contains seve ral churches, clothing works, a large flour ing mill, and about 50 dwellings. HOG ISLAND, isl. in Narraganset bay, R.I., 2 m. in circuit; 2 m. SW. from Bristol. HOG ISLAND, small island in Pamlico sound, near the coast of N. C. Lon 76 36' W. Lat. 34 56' N. HOG ISLAND, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Va. Lat. 37 30' N. HOG ISLAND, below Peach island, is situated in the Strait of Detroit, where it opens into lake St. Clair. HOG ISLAND, isl. of lake Champlain, forming: part of Franklin co. HOKESVILLE, v. Lincoln co. N. C., 160 m. from Raleigh, and 422 from W. C. HOLDEN, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 6 m. NNW. from Worcester, 46 W. from Boston. It contains 5 cotton factories and 2 woollen mills, and manufactures of leather, boots, shoes, straw bonnets, and palm-leaf hats. Total annual amount, about $200,000. Pop. 1,874. HOLDERMAN'S GROVE, a settlement in La Salle co. II., 16 m. NE. from Ottawa. Here is a town site, and a post-office called Lisbon. HOLDERNESS, ts. Grafton co. N. H.,on E. side of the Merrimack ; 5 m. . from Plymouth, and 65 NW. from Portsmouth ; watered by Pemigewasset river, which af fords excellent mill privileges, en which are erected 2 paper mills and other machinery. Pop. 1,528. HOLE CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into the E. side of the Miami, in Montgomery county. HOLE IN THE WALL, v. Talbot co. Md., on the E. shore; 7 m. S. from Easton. HOLE IN THE WALL, remarkable rock in the W. Indies, in the island of Abaco. Lat. 25 50' N. HOLE TOWN, t. Barbadoes. Lon. 58 31'W. Lat. 13 12' N. HOLLIDAYSBURG, v. Huntingdon cot Pa., 116 m. SW. from Harrisburg, and 174 NW. from W. C. This is one of the most flourishing villages in the state ; and being situated at the junction of the canal with the Portage rail-road across the Alleghany mountains, it will undoubtedly continue to increase in wealth and importance. It con- tarns a number of stores, taverns, churches, an academy, a bank, and various mechanic shops. Pop. 2,500. HOLLAND, ts. Orleans co. Vt., 68 m. NNE. from Montpelier. This is an excel lent ts. of land, producing in great abun dance all the varieties common to the cli mate. Pop. 605. HOLLAND, ts. Hampden co. Mass., 70 m. SW. from Boston, and 20 SE. from Spring field. There is a cotton mill in this ts. Pop. 423. HOLLAND, NEW, v. E. Manchester ts. York co. Pennsylvania, 8 m. NE. from the boro. of York. HOLLAND'S GROVE, a settlement in Tazewell co. II., adjoining Peoria lake. The timber and prairie are first rate. HOLLAND ISLANDS, in Chesapeake bay, Md., N. of Smith's island, and W. of Fishing bay. HOLLAND'S POINT, cape on the coast of Maryland, in the Chesapeake ; 28 m. S. from Annapolis. Lon. 76 40' W. Lat 38 42' N. HOLLENBECK'S, v. Berkshire co. Mass., 152 m. W. from Boston. HOLLEY SPRINGS, v. and cap. Mar shall co. Mis., 215 m. from Jackson, and 879 from W. C., near the N. boundary of the state, contains the usual county build ings, several stores, and various mechanic shops. HOLLEY, v. Murray ts. Orleans co. N. Y., on Sandy creek, 10 m. E. from Albion, and 245 from Albany, has 2 grist-mills, a furnace for casting iron, a woollen factory making flannels and cloths, 5 or 6 general stores, and about 75 dwellings. It is a very thriving village, pleasantly situated upon a gentle ascent. HOLLEY'S CREEK, r. N. C,, which runs into the Saluda, Lon. 81 29' W. Lat. 34 4' N. HOLLIDAY COVE, v. Brooke co. Va., 30 m. W. from Washington, Pa. HOLLINGSWORTH'S FARM, v. Ha- bersham co. Geo., 137 m. N. from Milledge- ville. HOLLIS, or Phillipsburg, ts. York co. Me., on the Saco ; 42 m. NNE. from York, 124 NNE. from Boston, 567 from W. C. It contains numerous mill sites. Pop. 2,363. HOLLIS, ts. Hillsborough co. N.H., 9m. S. from Amherst, 40 NW. from Boston. This is a good agricultural township. Pop. 1,333. HOLLISTON, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 27 m. SW. from Boston, and 21 S. from Con cord. It contains a woollen mill and manu factures of shoes, leather, combs, ploughs, HOL HON 349 straw bonnets, books, clothing, wagons and harness. Total annual value, about $340,000. Pop. 1,782. HOLMDELL, or BAPTISTOWN, Mkl- dletown ts. Monmouth co. N. J., 7 m. NE. from Freehold, 219 from W. C., and 53 E. from Trenton, a small village with about 15 dwellings. HOLMES, co. 0., bounded N. by Wayne, E. by Tuscarawas, S. by Coshocton, and W. by Knox and Richland cos. It is watered by Kilbuck and lake Fork of Mohiccan creeks and their branches. The soil is generally good, but the south-eastern and south-western corners are rather rough, with some very good land at intervals. Millers- bura: is the capital. Pop. in 1830, 9,133, and^in 1840, 18,088. HOLMESBURG, t. Philadelphia co. Pa., 9 m. NE. from Philadelphia. HOLMES'S HOLE, a safe and commo dious harbor on N. side of Martha's Vine yard, in the township of Tisbury ; 80 m. SSE. from Boston. It is formed by West and East Chops ; the former of which is 2, and the latter 2 m. from the head of the har bor. The points are 2i m. apart. The depth of water is from 3 to 8 fathoms. From 20 to 70 vessels bound to Boston, or the eastward, are frequently seen here wait ing; for a fair wind. From 1,000 to 1,200 sail anchor here in the course of a year. HOLMES, co. Mis., bounded N. by Carroll, E. by Atala, S. by Yazoo, and W. by Washing ton cos. Pop. 9,452, of whom 5,551 were slaves. Lexington is the seat of justice. HOLMES VALLEY, t. and cap. of Wash ington co. Florida, 121 m. W. from Talla hassee, and 971 from W. C. HOLMESVILLE, t. and cap. Appling co. Geo., formerly Appling Court House, 145 m. SE. from Milledsreville, and 787 from W. C. HOLMESVILLE, v. and cap. Pike co. Miss., 151 m. from Jackson and 1,128 from W. C. HOLSTON, r. Tennessee, which rises in Virginia, runs SW. and joins the Tennessee 22 m. below Knoxville. It is 200 m. long, and navigable for boats of 25 tons 100 m. HOLT, Isle of, or Haute, isl. on E. side of Penob>cot bay, Me., 18 m. E. from Owl's Head. Lon. 58 40' W. Lat. 44 4'N. HOLT'S CREEK, r. Ken., which runs into the river Kentucky, Lon. 94 18' W. Lat. 38 37' N. HOLT'S STORE, v. M'Minn co. Ten., 157 m. from Murfreesborough. HOLYOKE, mt. Mass., in Hadley, 3 m. ESE. from Northampton ; 830 feet above the surface of the Connecticut river. The top of this mountain affords an extensive and beautiful view of the surrounding country. In a clear day, one may here see the elevated peaks of New Hampshire, the Catskill Mountains of New York, and the river as far as Middletown. On the W. side there are basaltic columns similar to those of the Giant's Causeway. A road has been made to the summit of the mountain, and it ha& become a place of resort for parties of plea sure, and admirers of natural scenery. HOME, v. Rush ts. Schuylkill co. Pa., in the Locust Valley. HOMER, v. Union ts. Union co, O.,4 m, S. from Milford. HOMER, v. Burlington ts. Licking co. O., on the N. fork of Licking creek, 15 m. N\\ r . from Newark, and 35 from Columbus. It contains 2 flouring-mills, a carding machine, fulling-mill, several stores and churches, and about 50 dwellings. HOMER, v. S. part of Fountain co. In., contains several stores, and various mechanic shops. HOMER, ts. and v. Cortlandt co. N.Y., ontheTioughnioga, 26 m. S. from Onondaga, 145 W. from Albany. The village, 138 m. from Albany, has several churches, an acad emy, a nourishing institution with 150 stu dents, 4 male and 2 female teachers, a collec tion of philosophical apparatus, and a cabinet of minerals ; a printing-office, a carding and clothdressing mill, an oil-mill, an edge tool factory, a machine shop, a cotton factory, about 200 neat dwellings, &c. &c. Pop. of ts. 3,572. HOMOCHITTO, r. Mis. which runs SW. and flows into the Mississippi between Adams and Wilkinson cos. above Fort Adams. HONDA, Bay of, on the coast of S. America, in Santa Martha. Lon. 71 6' W. Lat 12 N. HONDA BAY, bay on the N. coast of Cuba, 70 m. W. from Havana. Lon. 83 25' W. Lat. 22 58' N. HONDA BAY, bay on the E. coast of Honduras, N. of Cape Gracias a Dios. HONDO, r. Texas, which runs SSE. and enters the bay of Mexico. HONDURAS, t. Cuba, 63 m. NE. from Bayamo. Lon. 76 4' W. Lat. 21 21' N. HONDURAS, province of Guatimala, bounded N. by the bay of Honduras, W. by Vera Paz, E. by the Caribbean sea, and S. by the province of Nicaragua. It is 390 miles long from E. to W. and 150 from N. to S. They have three crops of maize in the year. Honey, wool, cotton, wax, mahogany, and log- wood, with other dyeing drugs, are its chief products. HONDURAS, Bay of, a large bay of N. America, formed by the coast of the province of Honduras on the S. and that of Yucatan on the W. It is well known from the settle ments which the British have made in it, for the cutting down of mahogany and dye- woods. The principal is the town of Balize, on the coast of Yucatan, at the mouth of Ba lize river. HONDURAS CAPE, or Punta de Custilla, cape, on the E. side of the gulf of Hondu ras. Lon. 86 16' W. Lat. 16 N. HONEY CREEK, Ohio, which runs into Sandusky river, 16 m. from Upper San- dusky. 350 HON HOP HONEY CREEK, Ontario co. N.Y., out let of a lake of the same name. HONEY CREEK, In., runs into the E, side of the Wabash, below Fort Harri son. HONESDALE, v. and bor. Wayne co. Pa., at the junction of Dyberry and Lacka- waxen creeks, 3 m. SE. of Bethany, 9 m. from Carbondale, and 130m. N. from Phila delphia. It is handsomely situated, and rapidly increasing in wealth and population. The Lackawaxen canal and rail-road unite here. Large quantities of coal are sent from this place by the Delaware and Hudson canal to N. Y. It contains 12 or 15 general stores, mechanic shops, and is a place of considera ble trade and business. HONESVILLE, v. Deerpark ts. Orange co. N. Y., 25 m. W. from Goshen, a small village with about a dozen dwellings. HONEYVILLE, v. Shenandoah~co. Va., a small villasre of 10 or 12 houses. HOOKSETT, ts. and v. Merrimack co. N. H., 8 m. below Concord. The Merri mack r. has a fall here of 16 feet perpendicu lar. There is an extensive cotton manu factory at this place. Pop. 1,775. HOOKSTOWN, v. Beaver co. Pa. HOOKSTOWN, v. Md., 6 m. NW. from Baltimore, and on the road to Reisterstown. HOOKERSTON, Green co. N. C., 89 m. from Raleigh and 303 from W. C. HOOKTOWN, Talbot co. Md,, 3 m. N. from Easton, 50 m. from Annapolis and 85 from W. C. HOOPER'S CROSS-ROADS, v. Bedford co. Ten., 70 m. southwardly from Murfrees- borough. HOOPER'S ISLAND, E. side of the Chesapeake, in Dorchester co. Md., E. of the mouth of the Patuxent. HOOSICK, one of the most elevated sum mits of the Green mountain range, in Wil- liamstown, Berkshire co. Mass. HOOSICK RIVER, rises in Bennington co. Vt., and falls into the Hudson, 8 m, above Waterford. HOOSICK, ts. of Rensselaer co. N. Y., 30 m. N. of Albany, on the E. side of Hud son river. There are several nitrogen springs in the SE. corner of the ts. from which azotic gas rises in bubbles through the water; the water contains muriate of lime and common salt. Pop. 3,539. HOOSICK CORNERS, v. Hoosick ts. Rensselaer co. N. Y., on Hoosick river, above Hoosick falls, on the Macadamized road, has several taverns, stores, and some 30 dwellings. HOOSICK FALLS, v. Hoosick ts. Rens selaer co. N. Y., on Hoosick river, 24 m. NE. from Troy. The river has a fall here of 40 feet within 12 rods, affording fine water power. It contains several churches, grist, saw, oil, carding and cloth dressing mills, 2 large cotton factories, a manufac tory of shearing machines, which supplies with that article almost the whole United States, and about 60 dwellings. HOPE, v. Springfield ts. Ross co. O., E. from Chillicothe. HOPE, v. Pickens co. Ala,, 43 m. W. from Tuscaloosa. HOPE, t. Gaspe co. L. C., on Chaleur bay. HOPE, t. Durham o. U. C., on lake Ontario. HOPE, ts. Waldo co. Me., 35 in. NE, from Wiscasset, and 44 SE. from Augusta. Pop. 1,770. HOPE, small isl. Rhode Island, in Nar- rasanset bay. HOPE, ts. Hamilton co. N. Y., 225 m. N. from N. Y., 120 from Albany and 43 from Johnstown. Pop. 953. HOPE, bay, on the NW. coast of Ameri ca. Lat. 49 33' N. HOPE, v. Warren co. N. J., a small Moravian settlement, 22 m. NE. of Easton, Pa., and 59 from Trenton, has several stores, 2 churches and about 30 dwellings. HOPEDALE, one of the missionary set tlements of the United Brethren, on the coast of Labrador, S. of Okkak. HOPEFIELD, t. Phillips co. Arkansas, on the Mississippi, opposite Chickasaw Bluffs. HOPPER'S, v. Todd co. Ken., 196 m. from Frankfort and 736 from W. C. HOPEWELL, t. of New Brunswick, in Westmoreland co. on a small river flowing into the bay of Fundy. HOPEWELL, ts. and v. Ontario co. N. Y., between Canandaigua and Geneva, 190 m. W. from Albany. It is highly product ive in wheat, grass and fruit. The v. has 10 or 12 dwellings, etc. HOPEWELL>. York district, S. C., a small place often or a dozen houses. HOPEWELL, pts. Muskingum co. Ohio, 10 in. from Zanesville, and 54 from Co lumbus. HOPEWELL, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C., 173 m. SW. from Raleigh. HOPEWELL, v. Rock Castle co. Ken., 83 m. SSE. from Frankfort. HOPKINS, co. Ken., bounded N. by Hen derson, E. by Muhlenburg, S. by Christian, and W. by Caldwell and Union cos. Pop. 9,171, of whom 1,723 were slaves. HOPKINS, Point, cape on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 53 5' N. HOPKINSVILLE, v. Warren co. Ohio, 86 m. SW. from Columbus. It contains several taverns and stores, 8 or 10 me chanic shops, and 25 or 30 dwellings. HOPKINSVILLE, t. and cap. Christian co. Ken. The public buildings are a court house, jail, and an academy. It has seve ral stores and mechanic shops, 2 churches, and is a place of increasing importance. It is 206 m. from Frankfort and 745 from W. C. HOPKINSVILLE, t. and cap. of a coun ty in Missouri. HOPKINTON, ts. Merrimack co. N. H., 7 m. W. from Concord, 27 N. from Am- herst, 58 WNW. from Portsmouth. It is a valuable agricultural town. Here is a HOP HOU 351 handsome village, where the county jail is located. Pop. 2,455. HOPKINTON, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 42 m. SW. from Boston. It contains 3 cot ton-mills and manufactures of various kin Is, which amount to upwards of $200,000 an nually. The mineral spring in this ts. has become celebrated. It contains carbonic acid and carbonate of lime and iron. There is a large and convenient hotel at this place, at which visitors for health or pleasure are kindly entertained. Pop. 2,245. HOPKINTON, ts. Washington co. R. I., 28 m. W. from Newport, and 35 SW. from Providence, contains a cotton-factory, wool len mills, iron works, and various other manufactories. Hopkinton city, at the S. part of the ts. on the Tommaquag branch of Charles river, is very pleasant and flour ishing. Pop. 1,726. HOPKINTON, ts. and v. St. Lawrence co, N. Y., 37 m. E. from Ogdensburg, and 234 N. from Albany. In this Is. a branch of the St. Regis river has a fall of 150 feet. The village contains several churches, a public library, 2 hotels, a grist and saw-mill, and 25 or 30 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,147. HOPPENY CREEK, r. Pa., which runs NE. into E. branch of the Susquehannah, about 14 m. above Tunkhannock creek. HORNBY, pts. Steuben co. N. Y., 20 m. SE. from Bath, and 199 SW. from Albany, drained by a branch of Meads creek and some small tributaries of Onhocton and Tioga rivers. Pop. 1,048. HORNERSTOWN, v. Upper Freehold ts. Monmouth co. N. J., 20 m. SW. from Freehold. HORN'S ISLAND, small island near the coast of S. C. HORNELLSVILLE, ts. and v. Steuben co. N. Y., 236 m. SW. from Albany. The village lies on a branch of the Canisteo, and contains several stores, tavern and mills, a carding machine, a cloth-dressing mill, tannery, and about 50 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,121. HORNORSVILLE, v. Culpeper co. Va. HORNTOWN, v. Accomac co. Va., 16 m. S. from Snowhill. HORN ISLAND, on the coast of Missis sippi, W. of Dauphin Island. It is 17 miles long. HORRY, district, S. C., bounded N. by N. C., E. by the Atlantic, S. by George town, and W. by Marion cos. Pop. 5,775, of whom 1,574 were slaves. Conwayborough is the capital. HORRELTOWN, v. Union ts. Mifflin co. Pa., 15 m. SW. from Lewistown boro. HORSEHEADS, v. Chemung co. N. Y., 5 m. N. from Elmira, at the junction of the feeder with the Chemung canal, and 194 m. SW. from Albany, contains the collector's office, several churches, 8 or 10 stores, and about 80 dwellings. An extensive business is done here in lumber. HORSENECK, in SW. part of Green wich, Ct., 32 m. NE. from New York. A bloody battle was fought here between the In Ihns and the Dutch, in 1646. HORSENECK, v. Essex, N. J., on S. side of the Passnic, 4 m. SW. from Paterson. HORSENECK, cape, N. side of Long Isl and, W. of Huntingdon harbor. HORSE PRAIRIE, a settlement in Ran dolph co. II , on Horse creek, and contains 70 or 80 families. HORSE SHOE BOTTOM, v. Russel co. Ken., 153 m. S. from Frankfort. HORSIMUS, v. Hudson co. N. J., on W, bank of the Hudson, between Jersey City and Hoboken. HORVOS, isl. in the Gulf of Mexico, near the N. coast of Yucatan. Lon. 70 5' W. Lat. 21 10' N. HOSANCOCK CREEK, r. Pa., which runs into the Schuylkill. HOSKINVILLE, v. Brookfield ts. Mor gan co. O., 18 m. SE. from M'Connelsville, on the head waters of Duck creek. It is in the midst of a flourishing settlement of far mers, where much attention is paid to wool- rowing. HOSPITAL ISLAND, formerly Rains- ford's Island, Mass., included within the township of Hingham, 6 m. SE. from Bos ton. Here is a hospital for the reception of seamen and others infected with contagious disorders. HOT SPRINGS, in Bath co. Va., 7 m. SW. from Warm Springs. The water at this spring has been so hot as to boil an egg. It raises the thermometer to 112, and is useful in some complaints. HOUGHTON, t. Norfolk co. U. Canada, on lake Erie. HOUGHTON, Port, harbor on the NW. coast of America, between Points Hobart and Wai pole. Lat. 57 20' N. HOULTON, ts. and cap. Aroostook co. Me., 120 m. NNE. from Bangor, and 75 WNW. from Frederickton. " The great thoroughfare between the U. S. and the British Province of New Brunswick, is through this ts. A garrison of the U. S., located about a mile N. of the village, has generally contained four companies of in fantry. Pop. 1,599. HOUNSFIELD, ts. Jefferson co. N. Y., 78 m. N. from Utica, 176 NW. from Albany. It lies E. of lake Ontario, on Hungry bay, and S. of Black river. Pop. 4,146. HOUSATONIC, r. which rises from two sources, both in Berkshire co. Mass., one in Lanesborough, the other in Windsor. These branches unite in Pittsfield, and pur suing a southerly course of about 150 m. it flows into Long Island Sound between Straffbrd and Milford. Towards its entrance into the Sound, it is called Strafford river. It is navigable for small vessels to Derby, 12 m. Between Canaan and Salisbury it has falls of about 60 feet perpendicular. HOUSEVILLE, v. Turin ts. Lewis co. N. Y., 5 m. S. from Martinsburg, and 121 NW. from Albany. It is a small village with about 20 houses. 352 HOU HUD HOUSTON, co. Geo., bounded by Iche- coma creek N. which separates it from Bibb co., by the Ocmulgee river E. by Pulaski SE. Dooly S. Flint river W. and Crawford co. NW. Perry is the capital. Pop. 9,711, of whom 4,845 were slaves. HOUSTON, v. and cap. Chickasaw co. Mis., 142 m. from Jackson, and 926 from W. C., contains the county buildings, and about 30 houses. HOUSTON'S, v. Rowan co. N. C., 138 m. W. from Raleigh. HOUSTONVILLE, v. Iredell co. N. C., 172 m. W. from Raleigh. HOUSTONVILLE, v. Pendleton district, S. C., 184 m. NW. from Columbia. HOWARD, co. Missouri, bounded NE.. by Randolph, SE. by Boone, S. and W. by Missouri river, and NW. by Chariton co. This county is fertile and well improved. It abounds in salt springs, and salt is manu factured to a great amount. Coal also is abundant. Fayette is the seat of justice. Pop. in 1840, 13,108, of whom 3,680 were slaves. HOWARD, ts. Steuben co. N. Y., on Ca- nisteo r. 18 m. W. from Bath, and 228 from Albany. It contains the village of Bennett's Flats. Pop. 3,247. HOWARD, t. Kent co. U. Canada, run ning from the Thames to lake Erie. HOWARD'S SETTLEMENT, Pope co. II., 15 m. NE. from Golconda, on Big creek, and contains from 80 to 100 families. HOWARD'S SETTLEMENT, Madison co. U., 13 m. SE. from Edwardsville, on Silver creek. HOWARD'S SETTLEMENT, Fulton co. II., 12 m. S. of W. from Lewistown, near Potato creek. HOWARDSVILLE, v. Wilkins ts. Al- leghany co. Pa., on the road from Greens- burg to Pittsbursr, 10 m. SE. from the latter. HO WELL'S STORE, v. Clarke co. Ala., a small village of 10 or 15 houses. HOWELL FURNACE, v. Howell ts. Monmouth co. N. J., 12 m. SE. from Free hold, on the left bank of the Manasquin r. The manufacture of iron is extensively car ried on here. It contains about 50 dwell ings. HOWELLSVILLE, v. Frederick co. Va., 74 m. NW. by W. from Washington. HOWERTOWN, v. Allen ts." Northamp ton co. Pa., 14 m. W. from Easton. HOXEY'S SETTLEMENT, Madison co. II., 9 m. NE. from Edwardsville, on the west fork of Silver creek. HOYLESVILLE, v. Lincoln co. N. C., contains 15 or 20 houses. HOYSVILLE, v. London co. Va., 2 m. from the Potomac river. HOYT'S CORNERS, v. Romulus ts. Se neca co. N. Y., 16 m. S. by E. from Water loo, and 176 W. from Albany; a small vil lage of about 15 dwellings. ^HUAMELUA, t. Mexico, in Oaxaca, 45 leagues SE. from Mexico. Lon. 95 44' W. Lat, 16 13' N. HUBBARD, pts. Trumbull co. Ohio, 16 m. SE. from Warren, and 165 NE. from Co lumbus. HUBBARDSTOWN, ts. Worcester co- Mass. It is situated on a branch of the river Ware, 45 m. W. from Boston. Its manufactures consist of copperas, leather, boots, shoes, palm-leaf hats, &c. &c. ; total annual amount, about $2,000. There is much improved water power in this town ship. Pop. 1,784. HUBBARDSTOWN, ts. Rutland co. Vt., 40 m. NW. from Windsor. The village at the NW. part of the township is pleasant and flourishing; it contains mills for the manufacture of various articles. Pop. 719. HUBLERSVILLE, v. Walker ts. Centre co. Pa., 8 m. E. from Bellefonte. HUCKLEBERRY, v. Unity ts. West- moreland co. Pa., on the turnpike, 6 m. E. of Green sburg. HUDSON, v. Peoria co. II., 9 m. W. from Peoria. HUDSON, settlement in M'Lean co. II., 10 m. N. from Bloomington. HUDSON, ts. Hillsborough co. N. H., 17 m. SE. from Amherst, and 38 from Con cord ; is a good agricultural township. Pop. 1,148. HUDSON, v. Marshal co. Miss., 229 m. from Jackson, and 865 from W. C. HUDSON, city, port of entry, and cap. Columbia co. N. Y., is situated on the E. bank of the Hudson river, which is naviga ble to this place for the largest ships, 29 m. S. from Albany, 122 m. N. from New York, and 335 m. from W. C. Lat. 42 14' N. The site of Hudson is a high point projecting into the river. The city is regularly laid out, the streets are spacious, and cross each other at right angles. It contains 2 banks, 4 printing-offices, and 5 or 6 houses of pub lic worship, for various denominations. It is a place of considerable trade and manu factures, containing establishments for the manufacture of cotton and woollen, calico printing and bleaching. Twelve ships are owned in the port, which is one of delivery only, dependent upon the port of entry, at N. Y. Eleven of these ships are in the whale fishery, and the twelfth in the West India trade. The court-house, including the win?s, has 116 feet front; the main edifice 40 by 60 feet, and 90 feet high, is surmounted by a dome 40 feet high, towering above the other buildings of the city, and is entered by a porti co 16 feet, with six Ionic columns ; the wings are severally 34 feet in front by 44 in depth, and two stories high. It also contains an academy, a select classical school, a semina ry for females, and a large number of stores, &c. &c. Pop. of ts. 5,672. HUDSON RIVER, N. Y., one of the best for navigation in America, rises in the mountainous region, W. of lake Cham- plain, and pursuing a straight course a little W. of S. for more than 300 m. communicates with the Atlantic, below New York city. It has three remarkable expansions, Tappan HUD HUN 353 bay or sea, Haverstraw bay, and a third be tween Fishkill and New Windsor. Its only large tributary is Mohawk river. The other waters flowing into it are mere mill-streams. HUDSON, v. Portage co. Ohio, 12 m. NVV. from Ravenna, 23 m. SE. from Cleve land, an 1 133 NE. from Columbus; contains 75 or 80 dwellings, several stores, various mechanic shops, and a college in high re pute with about 100 students. HUDSON'S BAY, a large bay of North America, extending from Lon. 78 to 95 W. and from Lat. 52 to 68 N. The Hud son's Bay company have several settlements and forts, especially on the west coast, where their agents carry on a traffic with the In dians for beaver-skins and other valuable furs. HUDSON'S HOUSE, one of the Hudson's Bay company's factories, in N. America, on the Saskatchawine. Lon. 106 27' 20" W. Lat. 53 0' 32" N. HUDSON POINT, cape, on the W. coast of N. America, a little within the entrance of Admiralty inlet, in the gulf of Georgia. Lon. 237 33' E. Lat. 48 8' N. HUDSONVILLE, v. Grayson co. Ken., 113 m. SW. from Frankfort. HUDSON'S STRAITS, the narrow sea between the Atlantic ocean and Hudson's bay, N. of Labrador. HUEJUTTA, city, Mexico, 210 m. NE. from Mexico. Lon. 274 15' E. Lat. 22 35' N. HUEVELTON, v. Oswegatchie ts. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., on the Oswegatchie r. 7 m. SE. from Ogdensburg, contains a church, a plough factory, and about 50 dwellings. HUE Y'S SETTLEMENT, Clinton co. II., 3 m. E. from Carlyle. HUGHESVILLE, v. Greenwich ts. War ren co. N. J., on the Musconetcong creek, 5 m. from its mouth, and 15 S. of Belvi- ttere, a small village of about 20 dwellings. HUGHESVILLE, v. Muncy creek ts. Lycoming co. Pa., 15 m. E. from Williams- port. It is a thriving village of 20 or 30 houses. HUGHESVILLE, v. Chester dist. S. C. 59 m. SW. by W. from Columbia. HUGH'S SETTLE ME NT, Alexander co, II., 17 m. N. from America, and contains 70 or 80 families. HUGHS VI LLE, v. Patrick co. Va., con tains some 15 or 20 dwellings. HULINGSBURG, v. Armstrong co. Pa. 185 m. from Harrisburg and 242 from W. C. a small village. HULL, t. York co. Lower Canada, onOt tawa river. HULL. ts. Plymouth co. Mass., on the S, side of Boston harbor, 9 m. E. from Boston 36 m. N. from Plymouth. It is celebratec for its beautiful beach 4 m. in length, ant for its shell fish and sea fowl. Capital in vested in the manufacture of salt $12,500 Pop. 231. HULL'S CROSS-ROADS, v. Harford co Md. U 1 HULMEVILLE, v. Middletown ts. Bucks o. Pa., 20 m. NE. from Philadelphia, and 6 SE. from Doylestown. HUMBER, r. Newfoundland, which falls nto the gulf of St. Lawrence, through the Jay of Islands. HUMBER, small river of U. C. in York o. falls into lake Ontario, a short distance W. of York. HUMBERSTONE, t. Lincoln co. U. C., n lake Erie. HUME, ts. and v. Alleghany co. N. Y., 261 m. from Albany and 345 from W. C. The village contains several stores, a grist ind 4 saw-mills and from 30 to 40 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,303. HUMMELSTOWN, t. Dauphin co. Pa., n Swetara creek, 10 m. E. from HarrisbuYg. HUMPHREYS, co. W.Tcn., bounded N. >y Steward, E. by Dickson, S. by Perry, and W. by Carroll. Pop. 5,t95, of whom 789 were slaves. Chief town, Reynoldsbunr. HUMPHREYSVILLE,v. in Derby, New Elaven co. Ct. on the Naugatuck, 4 m. above ts confluence with the Housatonic. Here are a woollen factory, a cotton factory, and several mills. At this place, merino sheep were first introduced into the United States in 1801, by General Humphreys. HUMPHREYSVILLE, v. Union co. S. C., a small village of 8 or 10 houses. HUMPHREYSVILLE, v. Chester co. Pa., of some 10 or 15 houses. HUNDRED CREEK, r. Va., which runs into James river. Lon. 77 16' W. Lat. 37 10' N. HUNGRY BAY, bay, on the E. end of lake Ontario, on which Sacket's Harbor i* situated. HUNGRYTOWN, v. Lunenburg co. Va., 33 m. E. from Marysville. HUNTER, Cape, on SW. coast of New Geonria. Lat. 9 42' N. HUNTER, formerly Greenland, pts. Green co. N. Y., 58 m. from Albany ; sur face mountainous. Round Top and High Peak attain the height of 3,804 and 3,718 feet above the tide. Pop. 2,019. HUNTERDON, co. N. J., bounded N. by Warren and Morris. E. by Somerset, S. by Mercer, and W. by the Delaware river. Flemington is the seat of justice. Pop. 24,789. HUNTERSLAND, v. Middlebury ts. Schoharie co. N. Y., 37 m. W. from Albany, has a furnace for casting, 12 or 15 dwellings, &c. HUNTERSTOWN, v. York co. Pa., 25 m. W. from York. HUNTERSVILLE, v. Tippecanoe co. In., 6 m. E. of Fayette, a small but thriving place. HUNTERSVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Pocahontas co. Va., 191 m. from Richmond, and 233 from W. C., contains a court-house, jail, several stores, taverns, various mechanic shops, and is a place of some considerable trade. HUNTERSVILLE, v. Lincoln co. N. C., contains some 15 or 20 dwellings. 354 HUN HUE HUNTING CREEK, r. Va., which runs into the Potomac, at theS. corner of Colum bia district. HUNTING CREEK TOWN, v. Dor chester co. Md., 18 m. NE. from Cambridge. HUNTING ISLANDS, cluster of small islands in the Atlantic, near Port Royal in S. C. HUNTINGDON, co. Lower Canada, on the S. si Je of the St, Lawrence. HUNTINGDON, t. Hastings co. U. C. HUNTINGDON, co. Pa., inclosed by the counties of Centre, Mifflin, Franklin, Bed ford, and Cambria. Pop. 35,484. Chief town, Huntingdon. HUNTINGDON, t. and cap. Huntingdon co. Pa., on the N. si Je of the Juniatta, 50 m. dbove its mouth, 129 m. E. from Pittsbnrg, 186 m. from Philadelphia, 148 from W. C. It is a flourishing place, contains a court house, jail, several churches, an academy, a large number of stores, and various me chanic shops. It is on the Pennsylvania ca nal, and a number of large forwarding hous es are built upon the basin for the purpose of canal trade. Pop. 1,145. HUNTINGDON, v. Carroll co. Ten., 109 m. from Nashville, and 823 from W. C. It is the seat of justice for the county, and contains a court-house, jail, several stores and taverns, and has some trade. HUNTING SOUND, channel on the coast of N. C., between Core bank and the main. HUNTIIVGTON, co. NE. part of Indiana, bounded N. by Whitley, E. by Allen and Wells, S. by Wells and Grant, and W. by Wabash. It is intersected by the Wabash river, and is also watered by the Little and Salamanie rivers. Huntington is the capi tal. Pop. 1,579. HUNTINGTON, v. and cap. Huntington co. In., on the Little river, near its mouth, 22 m. E. by N. from Wabash. It is a flour ishing place, with the usual county buildings, a number of stores, and various mechanic shops. HUNTINGTON, ts. Chittenden co. Vt., 15 m. SE. from Burlington, and 20 W. from Montpelier. Watered by Huntington river, which affords good water power. Pop. 914. HUNTINGTON, ts. Fairfield co. Ct., on the Housatonic, which separates it from Der by, 17 m. W. from New Haven. The in habitants are generally employed in agri cultural pursuits. Pop. 1,326. HUNTINGTON, Is. and v. Suffolk co. on Long Island, N. Y., 40 m. E. from New York. Pop. 5,582. It extends across the island from the Sound to the Atlantic, and contains several houses of public worship and an academy. The village of Huntington is built on a bay which sets up from the Sound between Eaton's neck on the E. and Lloyd's neck on the W. On Eaton's neck is a light house. The village contains 25 or 30 dwell ings. Pop. of ts. 6,562. HUNTINGTON, v. Laurens district, S. C. a small village of some 8 or 10 dwellings. HUNTINGTOWN, v. Calvert co. Md.,on Hunting creek, 22 m. NE. from Port Tobac co, and 40 from Annapolis, has several stores, tavern, and about 20 houses. HUNTSBURG, v. Franklin co. Vt., near he line that divides this state from L. C. at he distance of about 12 m. E. of lake Cham- plnin. HUNTSBURG, pts. Geauga co. 0., 173 m. NE. from Columbus, and 324 from W. C. HUNT'S HOLLOW, v. Portage ts. Alle- ghany co. N.V., 247 m. from Albany, has 2 >r 3 stores, a grist-mill, and 25 or SO dwell- ngs. HUNTSVILLE, v.Surrey co. N.C., 133m. Vom Raleigh, and 361 from W. C., a small place cf about 15 or 20 houses. HUNTSVILLE, v. Laurens district, S. C., 69 m. from Columbia, and 517 from W. C., a small but flourishing village. HUNTSVILLE, v." Robertson co. Ten., a small place of about 20 or 25 dwellings. HUNTSVILLE, t. and ap. Madison co. Ala., 155 m. from Tuscaloosa, and 726 from W. C., about halfway between the Tennes see river and the north boundary of Ala., contains a court-house, jail, academy, 2 churches, a large number of stores and me chanic shops. Pop. 2,000. HUNTSVILLE, v. Liberty ts. Butler co. O., 10 m. E. from Hamilton, and 93 from Columbus. HUNTSVILLE, t. and cap. Randolph co. Miso., 230 m. NW. by W. from St. Louis and 60 NE. from Jefferson city. It is a flourishing place, contains a brick court house, and 8 or 10 stores. HURDSBURG, v. Rails co. Miso., in the NE. part, a small place. HURLEY, ts. and v. Ulster co. N. Y., 64 m. S. from Albany. The village contains a church, a grist-mill, cloth, fulling and dress ing mill, and 20 or 25 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,201. HURON, one of the five great lakes, com monly called the lakes of Canada. It is in the form of a triangle ; the SW. and NE. sides of which are about 200 m., that of the SE. 110 m. It is almost separated into two lakes by a chain of islands, extending from its NW. to SE. side. This chain retains its Indian name of Manitoulin, or Islands of the, Evil Spirit. Lake Huron receives the dis charge of lake Superior, by St. Mary's strait ; that of lake Michigan by the straits of Mi- chillimackinack ; that of Nipesing by the r. du Fran\-ois, and discharges the accumulat ed mass into the river St. Clair. It is 1,000 m. in circumference. HURON, v. Sangemon co. II., on the S. side of Sangemon fiver, 30 m. NNE. from Springfield on the road to Fulton. HURON, r. Ohio, which runs into lake Erie, 6 m. E. from Sandusky bay. HURON OF ST. CLAIR, r. Michigan, which issues from a chain of small lakes in the neighborhood of Pontiac, and flows into lake St. Clair. abont 20 m. above Detroit. HURON OF SUPERIOR, t. Wis. terri- HUR IND 355 tory, which runs into lake Superior, and is 60 yards wiJe at its month. HURON, co. Ohio, bounded on the N. by lake Erie, E. by Cuyahos:a and Medina cos. S. by Richland, and W. by Seneca and SanJusky'cos. It includes all the tract de signated by the appellation of Fire-lands. Chief town, Norwalk. Pop. 23,933. HURON, v. Huron co. Ohio, on the lake shore, distance 47 m. westerly from Cleve land, and 110 N. by E. from Columbus. At this place large quantities of merchan dise are imported and exported annually. Steam-boats land here almost every hour in the day and night in the summer season. A large number of steam-boats and lake ves sels are built annually at this place. It contains a large number of mercantile stores, 7 or 8 extensive ware and commis sion houses, several groceries, &c. &c. Pop. from 1,500 to 2,000. HURRICANE SHOALS, v. Jackson co. Gen., 91 m. NNW. from Milledgeville. HURRICANE, t. Lincoln co. Miso. HURRICANE, settlement and post-office, Montgomery and Fayette cos. II. HURRICANE, settlement on the E. side of Bond co. II., along the creek of the same name. HUTCHIN'S SETTLEMENT, Perry co. II., 5 m. N. from Pinckneyville. HUTSONVILLE, v. Crawford co. II., on Hutson's creek, 9 m. N. from Palestine. HUTTONSVILLE, v. Randolph co. Va., on Roaring creek, and on the road from Clarksburg to Beverly, 35 m. SSE. from the former. HYANNIS, bay of Mass., Barnstable co., sets up from the Atlantic ocean, between Yarmouth and Barnstable. HYANNIS, v. on Hyannis bay, Barnsla- ble co. Mass., 97 m. SE. from Boston. HYATTSTOWN, v. Montgomery co, Md., on the road from Fredericktown to W. C., 33 m. NW. from the latter, and 15 SSE. from the former. It is a small village of a single street of about 30 houses, along the main road. HYATTSVILLE, v. Monroe ts. Miami co. 0., on the W. side of Miami river, near the canal, 5.J m. S. from Troy, contains several stores, and about 100 inhabitants. HYDE, co. on the coast of N. C., bound ed N. by Washington and Tyro cos., E. by Pamlico Sound, S. by Pamlico Sound, and W. by Beaufort co. Pop. 6,438, of whom 2,198 were slaves and 251 free colored. Lake Landing is the seat of justice. HYDE PARK, ts. and cap. Lamoille co. Vt., 34 m. N. from Montpelier. The La moille and other rivers give this ts. a great water power, some of which is advanta geously improved. Pop. 1,080. HYDE PARK, ts. and v. Dutchess co. N. Y., on Hudson river, 8 m. above Pough- keepsie, and 68 S. from Albany. The vil lage and landing upon the Hudson contain several stores, a grist, saw, and plaster-mill, a distinguished seminary for females, a classical school for males, and from 80 to 100 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,364. HYDE PARK, v. Halifax co. N. C., 79 m. NE. from Raleigh. I. IBERIA, v. Washington t. Marion co. 0., 16- m. NE. from Marion, contains seve ral stores and mechanic shops, and 25 or 30 families. ' IBERIA, New, v. Louisiana, in the dis trict of Attakapas, 2&0 m. W. of New Or leans. IBERVILLE, or Bayou Manchac, r. La., one of the outlets of the Mississippi. It leaves the main stream at Manchac, 20 m. below Baton Rouee, and afler an E. course of 20 miles, receives Ainite river; thence its course is SE. 40 miles, until it joins lake Maurepas. It is navigable three months in the year for vessels drawing 3 or 4 feet water, but during the rest of the year it is entirely dry, from the Mississippi to the Amite river. IBERVILLE, co. La., on both sides of the Mississippi, south from Baton Rouge. Pop. 8,495, of whom 5,887 were slaves and 85 free colored. Ibcrville is the seat of just ice. IBERVILLE, t. and cap. Iberville co. La., on the Mississippi, 100 m. above New Orleans, 1,256 m. from W. C. ICKSBURG, v. Saville ts. Perry co. Pa., 9 m. NW. from Bloomfield. ILLINOIS, v. St. Clair co. II., on Ca- hokia creek, opposite St. Louis. ILLINOIS, r. II., is formed by the union of the Kankakee and the Desplanes, and traversing the tdate in a SW. direction nearly 400 m. joins the Mississippi in Lon. 90 18' W. and Lat. 38 58' 23" N. 18 m. above the Missouri. It is 400 yards wide at its mouth, has a gentle current, unbroken by rapids, and is navigable for boats throughout its course. It is proposed to connect the Desplanes with the Chicago, a river of Michigan, by a canal. ILLINOIS, one of the U. S. Seepage 142. ILLINOIS, r. Arkansas, flows S. and joins the Arkansas, 4 m. above Canadian river. On the banks a few miles from its mouth are salt sprines. ILLINOIS, r. Arkansas, on which is the settlement of Dwisht. ILLINOIS CITY, v. Whiteside co. II., on Little Rock river. ILLIOPOLIS, v. Sangemon co. II., 22 m. E. from Springfield, on the road to De- calur. IMLAYTOWN, v. Upper Freehold ts. Monmouth co. N. J., 3 in. E. from Allen- town, and 14 m. SE. from Trenton; con tains 12 or 15 families, &c. INDEPENDENCE, pts. Alleghany co. N. Y., 262 m. from Albany, well watered by Cryden and Independence creeks. Pop. 1,440. INDEPENDENCE, pts. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, a good agricultural township. 356 IND INDEPENDENCE, v. Warren co. In., on the Wabash river, 103 m. from Indiana polis, and 676 from W. C., a flourishing place. INDEPENDENCE, v. Richland ts. Hen ry co. Ohio. INDEPENDENCE, v. Autauga co. Ala., 85 m. SE. from Tuscaloosa. INDEPENDENCE, t. and cap. Jackson CO. Miso., on the Missouri river. 177 m. W. from Jefferson city, contains a fine court house, a number of stores, and has some considerable trade. INDIA KEN, v. Ripley co. In., 87 m. SE. from Indianapolis. INDIANA, co. Pa., bounded by West moreland SW. Armstrong W. Jefferson N. Clearfield NE. and Cambria SE. Length 33 miles, breadth 23. Pop. 20,782. Chief town, Indiana. INDIANA, t. and cap. Indiana co. Pa., 26 m. SE. from Kittaning, 270 from Phila delphia. INDIANA, one of the U. S. Seep. 139. INDIANAPOLIS, t. Marion co. and cap. of Indiana, situated on the west bank of White river, in the centre of one of the most extensive and fertile bodies of land in the western world ; nearly central to the state, and at a point accessible by steam-boats, in common stages of the Wabash. No river in America, according to its size and extent, waters greater bodies of fertile land, than While river. The country is settling about this town with unexampled rapidity. But a few years since, it was a solid and deep forest, where the surprised traveller now sees the buildings of a metropolis, compact streets and squares of brick buildings,. respectable public buildings, manufactories, mechanic shops, printing-offices, business and bustle. Such is the present aspect of Indianapolis, which contains 280 houses,. and 2,692 inhabitants. It will, probably, become one of the largest towns between. Cincinnati and the Mississippi. INDIAN CREEK SETTLEMENT, Law rence co. II., on Indian creek r a branch of Embarras river. INDIAN PRAIRIE, Wayne co. II., 1O m. NW, of Fairfield. INDIAN RIVER, Coos co. N. H., one of the principal sources of the Connecticut INDIAN RIVER, N. Y., rises in Lewis co., and after running a crooked course through Jefferson and St. Lawrence cos., empties into the Oswegatchie, WEST-INDIA PRODUCTIONS. INDIES, West. This is a long chain of Islands, that stretch in the form of an arch or bow, between North and South America, from the Gulf of Florida, to that of Venezuela. They are called by some geographers the Co lumbian Archipelago. They have been called Antilles from the Latin ante insulas. They are often called Caribbces, and by the North Americans, the West Indies. They arc divid- tains on all the larger islands of this Archipef. ago. The highest arc on the west of St. Do- rningo, the east of Cuba, and the north of Ja maica. Volcanoes have been observed in Gua- daloupe, and some other islands. Their gen. eral geological feature is abrupt transition from mountains to plains, marked by steep and craggy rocks. Coral and madrepore rocks are common on the different coasts. Cuba and ed into the greater and less Antilles, and some- 'the Bahamas are surrounded by labyrinths of times into the windward and leeward islands, j low rocks, several of which are covered with These islands, with the exception of Hayti and j palm trees. These islands are generally situ- Margarita, belong to different European states, ated under the tropic of Cancer, and there is chiefly to Great Britain, Spain, and France, very little difference in the climate ; so that The four Great Antilles, namely, Cuba, Hayti, the observations touching one of them will Jamaica, and Porto Rico, are the largest and j generally apply to the whole. The periodical most important. Some of the most considera ble of the Caribbee Isles, are Guadaloupe, Mar tinique or Martinico, and Barbadoes. The Ba hama Islands are numerous, but not very im portant. One of them, now called Cat Island, is celebrated for being the first land in America that was seen by Columbus. There are moun- rains, which give birth to the spring of the country, commence in May, and the brown of vegetation changes to a deep verdure. The periodical rains fall about noon, and cause a luxuriant vegetation. The medium standing of the thermometer is 78 Fahr. These show ers are followed by the splendor of tropical IND IND 357 summer. The sky is nearly cloudless, and the heat would be almost insupportable, but for the sea breeze. The moon emits a light, by which a person can see to read the smallest print by night. The thermometer now often rises above leaf of one species of palm will shade five or six men. The palmetto, or mountain cabbage tree, grows 200 feet high, and its verdant sum- mit trembles from the slightest breeze. A splendid variety of the noblest trees graces the 90, and suffocating calms announce the re- plantations. Lemon, orange and pomegranate approach of the great periodical rains. P'iery i trees perfume the air with the aroma of their clouds are seen in the atmosphere, and the ! flowers ; while their branches are loaded with mountains seem nearer, than at other times. | fruit. The apple, peach and grape ripen in The rains fall in torrents. It is said, that 87 , the mountains. The date, sapota, sapotilla, inches fell in one year. Iron rusts rapidly ; mammee, rose apple, mango, different species humidity is great, and the inhabitants live in of spondias and annonas, and most of the ori~ ental tropical fruits ripen on the sultry plains. We should not have space to enumerate the a kind of vapor bath. The climate is then re laxing, unwholesome, and dangerous to a Eu ropean. Putrid and yellow fever ensues, as some say from miasma, and others whimsical ly affirm from lunar influence. It is now gen erally believed not to be contagious, and less dangerous on elevated, than marshy districts. The temperate zone of the Antilles commences at 1,40U feet above the level of the sea. The mountains at an elevation of 4000 feet are subject to mists and rains. Most of the wild animals indigenous to this climate are of a smaller size. The scorpion is found only in the large islands. Negroes are sometimes ex posed to the murderous bite of the cayman or crocodile. Parrots of various species glitter in the woods, and innumerable aquatic birds congregate on the shores. Humming birds, darting along the bright flowers, vie in their plumage with the flowers, the emerald and ruby. All the tropical plants, shrubs and trees are natives of this climate. A canoe made from a single trunk of a cotton tree, has been 'known to contain a hundred persons ; and the splendid varieties of flowering shrubs, opuntias, thistles, and lianes. The polypodium arboreum, at a distance, might be mistaken for the palm tree, on account of its lofty trunk, and the broad leaves on its summit. Lignumvitas, wintera-canela, cinchona caribea, wild vanilla, aloes, arnatto, and pimento are all either indi genous, or cultivated here. The igname and potato, manioc and angola peas are the food of the negroes. Sugar cane of the various species is the well known and most abundant production of these islands. No conflagration is more rapid or alarming than a fire in a dry cane field, which frequently occurs. Two va rieties of the cotton, the green seed and the small seed, are the most common kinds culti vated. The coffee of the country is a native of Arabia Felix. It seldom bears before the third season ; sometimes not till the sixth. It never lasts more than 30 years, and frequently decays before that time. A single plant pro duces from one to four pounds. TABULAR VIEW OF THE PRINCIPAL WEST-INDIA ISLANDS. Belonging to Sq. ms. Pop. Chief towns. C Bahama " } ( Providence > Britain . . 5,500 . ... 16,000, . . . Nassau ' Abaco, &c ' > ( Hayti . Independent . ..28,000. ...935,000. . . . Port au Prince Cuba . Spain ..50,000. ...704,000. . . . Havana | Jamaica . Britain . . 6,400. . . . 386,000 . . . . Kingston 1 Porto Rico . Spain .. 4,000. ...225,000. ... St. Juan Leeward Islands. { Guadaloupe . France .... . . 675 . ...126,000. . . . Basse Terre Antigua 93. ... 36,000. ...St. John's Santa Cruz . Denmark . . . ., 100. ... 33,000. . . . Santa Cruz St. Christopher . . . .Britain. . . . . 70. ... 24,000. . . . Basse Terre Dominica . Britain . .... 29. ... 19,000. . . . Roseau St. Eustatia .Holland.... 22. ... 14,000. ...The Bay Mariegalante .... . France .... 90. ... 12,000. ...Basse Terre Montserrat ...... . Britain . .... 78. . . . 8,000 . . . .Plymoulh Tortola, &c ... . Britain 90. ... 7,000. . . . jRoad Harbor Nevis .Britain 20. . .. 11,000. . . . Charlestown St. Bartholomew . . . Sweden .... .. *60. ... 8,000. . . . Gustavia Virgin Gorda .... .Britain 80. ... 8,000. ... St. Martin .Holland.... 90. ... 6,000. ... St. Thomas .Denmark. . . 40. ... 5,000. . . L Anguilla 2N .Britain 30. 800. ... 358 IND ISL TABULAR VIEW Continued. Windward Islands. 1 s Belonging to Martinique France . . . Barbadoes Britain. . . . Grenada Britain. . . . ~ Trinidad .Britain. . . . St. Vincent Britain St. Lucia Britain . . . . Tobago Britain .... Margarita Colombia. . k Curacoa Holland . . . INDIAN RIVER, a small stream in Sus sex co. Delaware, rises near Georgetown, and running eastwardly, falls into Rehoboth bay, 10 m. W. of S. from cape Henlopen. INDIAN SPRINGS, v. Butts eo. Geo., 5& m. NW. from Milledgeville. INDIAN TOWN, v7 Graves co. Ken., 262 m. NW. by W. from Frankfort. INDIAN TOWN, v. Dorchester co. Md., 3 m. SW. from Newmarket. INDIAN TOWN, t. Currituck co. N. C., 52 m. ENE. from Edenton. INDIAN TOWN, t. Williamsburg co. S C 'INDUSTRY, ts. Franklin co. Me., 13 m. W. from Norridgewock, and 32 NW. from Augusta. It is a pleasant ts. and natural to the growth of wheat. Pop. 1,036. INGLESVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Va. INTERCOURSE, v. Leacock t. Lancas ter co. Pa., 12 m. E. of the city of Lancas ter. INTERIOR PARISH, v. La Fourche co. La. IONIA, v. Ionia co. Mich., 140 m. from Detroit, 666 from W. C. IOWA TOWN, t. Wis. Territory, on E. side of the river Mississippi. Lon. 91 15' W. Lat. 40 30' N. IOWA, r. La., which runs into the Mis sissippi, Lat. 40 38' N. IOWA, Upper, r. La., which runs into the Mississippi, 40 m. N. from Ouisconsin. IOWA TERRITORY. See page 156. IOWA, co. Wisconsin, bounded N. by Wisconsin river, E. by Dane and Green, S. by Joe Daviess co. II., and W. by Grant co. Chief town, Mineral Point. Pop. 3,978. IOWA, v. Grant co. Wis., on the Missis sippi, at the month of Platte river. IOWA, v. Musquetin co. Iowa, on the Mississippi above Bloominston. IPSWICH, r. Mass., which rises in Wil mington, runs NE. and flows into Ipswich harbor. IPSWICH, ts. and port of entry, Essex co. Mass., 12 m. NNE. from Salem, 12 SSW. from Newburyport, 27 NNE. from Boston. Lon. 70 51' W. Lat. 42 41' N. Here are several churches for Congresationalists, and also a society of Baptists. The village stands on the N. side of Ipswich river, about a mile from its mouth, and contains a court-house and jai! 3 a free grammar school, and other Sq. ms. Pop. Chief towns 370 102,000.... St. Pierre 166 .... 101,000 , . . . Bridgetown 110.... 29,000... .St. George 1,700 52,000 Port of Spaiiv 130 25,000 Kingston 225 1 8,000 Carenage 1 40 1 4,000 Scarborough 350 15.000 Ascension 600 12',()00 .... Williamstadt public buildings. Here is an excellent stone bridge across the river. It is a place of considerable maritime trade, and does some ship-bui-klins*, and has manufactures of cot ton goods, hosiery, leather, boots, shoes, &C.,. &c. Total annual amount, $120,000. Pop, 3,000. IRA, ts. Rutland co. Vt., 40 m. W. from Windsor. This township is elevated ; it con tains good land for rearing cattle ; it feeds about 5,000 sheep. Pop. 431. IRA, ts. and v. Cayuga co. N. Y., N. from Seneca river, and about 20 m. a little E. of N. from Auburn, and 189 from Albany. The village has 2 or 3 stores, an ashery, and 25 or 30 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,283. IRASBURG, ts. and cap. Orleans co. Vt., 50 m. NNE. from Montpelier, and 568 from W. C. It is watered by Black river. Pop. 971. IREDELL, co. N. C., bounded N. by Wilkes and Surry,E.by Rowan, S. by Meek- lenbure, and W. by Lincoln and Burke cos. Pop. 15,685, of whom 3,716 were slaves. Statesville is the chief town. IRELANDVILLE, v. Reading ts. Steu- ben co. N. Y., 24 m. ENE. from Bath, and 3 1 from the S. end of Cayuga lake, has se veral stores, about 40 dwellings, &c. IRISH GROVE, Sangemon co. II., 18 m. N. of Springfield, and contains a settlement of about 80 families. IRISH SETTLEMENT, Pope co. IL, on- the Ohio river, 15 m. above Golconda, and; contains from 100 to 125 families. IRISH SETTLEMENT, Randolph co. II., 6 m. NE. from Kaskaskia. IRONDEQUOT, bay of lake Ontario, Monroe co. N. Y. IRONDEQUOT, creek, Monroe co.N.Y., discharges its waters into the bay of the same name. The Grand Western Canal of New York crosses this creek, by very expensive and massive works. IRON MOUNTAINS, local term for that ridge of the Apalachian chain, which sepa rates North Carolina from Tennessee. IROQUOIS, Pointe dux, St. Lawrence co. N. Y., on the river St. Lawrence, 6 or 7 miles above the Rapid Plat. It is advan tageously situated for commanding the pas sage up and down the St. Lawrence. IROQUOIS, co. Illinois, bounded N. by Will, E. by the state of Indiana, S. by Ver- mo ITH 359 million, and W. by the attached part of Ver- inillion co. It is watered by the Iro-jucis river, and by Sugar and Spring creeks and other tributaries. The surface is mostly prairie, some of it very rich, with occasion al sand ridges and plains. Montgomery is the seat of justice. Pop. in 1835, 1,164,. und in 1810, 1,695. IROQUOIS, v. Iroquois co. II., on the S. side of Iroquois river, adjoining Montgome ry. It has several stores and groceries, and 40 or 5U families. IRVILLE, v. Montgomery co. O., on the old road from Newark to Zanesville, 9 m. SW. from Dresden, and 1 1 W. from Zanes ville, contains 25 or 30 houses, 2 or 3 stores, and is increasing in population. IRVINE, t. and cap. Estill co. Ken., 71 m. SE. by E. from Frankfort. IRVIN'S SETTLEMENT, in the W. part of Hamilton co. II. IRWIN, co. Georgia, bounded N.by Doo- Iv, Pulaski, and Telfair, E. by Telfair and Ware, S. by Lowndes, and W. by Baker and Dooly. Irwinville is the seat, of justice. Pop. 2,038, of whom 266 were slaves. IRWINTON, t. Wilkinson co. Geo., 18 m. S. by W. from Milledgeville. It con tains a court-house, a jail, and a Methodist meetin?-house. IRWINTON, v. Barbour co. All., 218 m. from Tuscaloosa, and 825 from W. C., a small village of some 20 or 30 houses. IRWINVILLE, t. and cap. Irwin co. Geo., 143 m. W. of S. from Milledgeville. ISAAC'S CREEK, r. O., which Vona into the Ohio, one mile below Manchester. ISBELLSVILLE, v. Todd co. Ken. ISHPOMBEE, v. Carroll co. Mis., 116 m. from Jackson, and 1,005 from W. C., contains about 20 houses. ISINGLASS, r. N. H., which flows into the Chocheco. ISLAND CREEK, pts Jefferson co. O., 153 m. NE. from Columbus. ISLAND GROVE, a tract of land in Sangemon co. II., 16 m. W. f^om Spring- fiell. ISLE AUX NOIX, an island in Sorel r. L. C., about 10 m. from lake Champlain. ISLE BOROUGH, ts. Waldo co. Me., 10 m. SE. from Belfast, and 56 E. from Au gusta. This ts. comprises a large and fer tile island in Penobscot bay, and several islands in its vicinity. This island has ex cellent harbors, and is much frequented by fishermen and coasters. Pop. 777. ISLE BREVILLE, v. Natchitoches parish, La., between Alexandria and the town of Natchitoches. ISLE OF BEEVES, isl. N. America, in the bay of Campeachy, 17 m. long, and 8 broad. It is fertile, and abounds in cattle and fruits. ISLE OF HOOKSET FALLS, N. H., on the Merrimack, between Dunbarton and Chester, 400 rods below the entrance of Suncook river, 8 m. above Amoskeag Falls, 8 S. by E. from Concord. These falls are shunned by a canal, and a bridge is erected across the river at the falls, over which passes the Londonderry turnpike. Here is a small village, containing a post-office. ISLE JESUS, isl. and seigniory, Effing- ham co. L. C. It is situated NE. from the island of Montreal with an intervening channel of St. Lawrence river. ISLE OF ORLEANS, isk co. and seign iory, L. C., in SU Lawrence river, com mencing 4 m. below Quebec. ISLE ROYAL, long is'and of lake Supe rior, 100 m. long, and 40 wide in some places. ISLE DE ST. JOHN, seigniory, Devon co. L. C., on the SE. side of the St. Law rence, 45 m. below Quebec. ISLE DU PORTAGE, seigniory, Corn- wallis co. L. C., on the SE. side of the St.. Lawrence, 85 in. below Quebec. ISLE OF SHOALS, a cluster of small is!ands near the coast of New Hampshire,, between Newburyport and Portsmouth, be longing to New Hampshire and Maine. The New Hampshire portion constitutes the township of Gosport. They are barren heaps of sand and rocks, with hardly a sreett sod upon them, yet were once populous and wealthy. The inhabitants live solely by fishing, and the Isle of Shoals dun-fish are well known as the best cured cod in the worl 1. They have now about ICO inhab itants, and a li^ht-house has been recently built here. A cave is still shown upon one of them, in which one of the female inhab itants secreted herself when the islands were invaded by the Indians. The cele brated Captain Smiih discovered these isl ands, and they were formerly called Smith's Isles. ISLE OF WIGHT, co. Va., bounded by Nansemond SE. by Bkickwater river or Southampton. SW. Surrey NW. and James river NE. Length 30 m., mean width 15.. Chief town, Smithfield. Pop. in 1830, 10,517, and in 1840, 9,972, of whom 3,786 were slaves, and 1,268 free colored. ISLE OF WIGHT, v. Isle of Wight co. Va., 30 m. W. from Norfolk, and 89 SE. from Richmond. Lat. 36 50' N. LonJ fromW. C. 28' E. ISLIP, pts. Suffolk co. N.. Y., on Long Island, 60 m. E. from N. Y., and 197 SE. from Albany. Is is noted for its abundance of grouse, partridges, quail, geese, ducks, and other game; and its waters for the plenty and variety offish. Pop. 1,509. ISTAPA, t. Mexico, in the province of Culiacan, 40 m. E. by S. of Culiacan. ITALY, pts. Yates co. N. Y., 198 m. W. from Albany, and 15 SW. from Penn Yan, Pop. 1,634. ITAWAMBA, co. Miss., bounded N. by Tishomingo co., E. by Ala., S. by Monroe, and W. by Pontotoc cos. Fulton is the seat of justice. Pop. 5,375, of whom 720 were slaves. ITHACA, ts. v. and cap. Tompkins co. N. Y., on Cayuga lake, W. from Albany 360 IVE-JAC 162 m., from Owego NW. 29, and from W. C. 290; the village contains 24 streets crossing each other at right angles, 5 or 6 handsome churches, an academy for males and females, a lyceum, a court-house with a prison under the same roof; the county clerk's office, 3 flouring, 1 paper, and 2 plas ter mills, 3 iron founderies, and 1 wooden ware manufactory on Fall creek, 2 flouring, 1 plaster mill, and a woollen factory on Six- Mile creek ; and 1 flouring and 1 oil-mill, 1 cotton factory, a sash, and 1 turner's fac tory on the Cascadilla creek ; about 30 general stores, many groceries, 13 taverns, several druggists' stores, 4 printing-offices, 2 banks, 4 tanneries, 2 asheries, 2 carding and cloth-dressing mills, 3 extensive coach factories, with a full proportion of other mechanics, and about 900 dwellings. The Clinton Hotel is one of the largest buildings of the kind in the state; its principal front is 120 feet. It contains more than 150 rooms, including halls, offices, and bath rooms; of the first, one is 120 feet long, a dining room 96 feet long ; it has several por ticoes, the chief one is sustained by 6 Ionic columns. A rail-road connects this place with Owego. It has water communication with the Erie canal through the lake by steam-boats and other vessels. Pop. of ts. 5,650. IVESVILLE, v. Poland ts. Chatauque co. N. Y., 316 m. from Albany, and 20 SE. from Mayville, contains 2 taverns, several stores, and 25 or 30 dwellings. IVY, v. Buncombe co. N. C., 229 m, W. from Raleigh, and 491 from W. C. IXWORTH, t. Cornwallis co. L. C., 63 m. NE. from Quebec. IZARD, co. Arkansas, bounded N. by the state of Missouri, E. by Lawrence, SE. by Independence, S. by Con way, SW. by Pope, and W. by Washington co. Izard C. H. is the seat of justice. Pop. 2,244. IZQUINTENANNO, t. Mexico, in the province of Chiapa. The country about it produces cotton and a great quantity of pine-apples. It is 100 m. SE. of Chiapa. J, JACKSON, ts. Waldo co. Maine, 23 m. NW. from Castine, 49 m. NE. from Au gusta, and 15 NNW. from Belfast. It is a good ts. and natural to the growth of wheat, of which the inhabitants raise large quan tities. Pop. 653. JACKSON, pts. Washington co. N. Y., 40 m. NE. from Albany, and 6 m. S. from Salem. Pop. 1,730. JACKSON, co. Geo., bounded "by Clark SE. Walton SW. Hall and Habersham NW. and Franklin and Madison NE. Length 25 m., mean width 20 m. Chief town, Jefferson. Pop. in 1830, 9,000, and in 1840. 8,522, of whom 2,513 were slaves. JACKSON, co. of Ohio, around the Scioto salt works, bounded by Lawrence S. Scioto SW. Pike W. Ross NW. Hocking N. Athens NE. and Gallia SE. Length 30, width 20 m. Stone coal and salt springs are found here. Chief town, Jackson. Pop. in 1830, 5,974, and in 1840, 9,744. JACKSON, v. and seat of justice, Jack son co. Ohio, 28 m, SE. from Chillicothe, 74 SE. from Columbus, from W. C. 387 m. It contains a court-house, jail, a number of mercantile stores, several taverns, 2 tanner ies, a carding machine, about 50 dwellings, with a variety of mechanics. JACKSON, co. in the NW. part of Vir ginia, bounded NE. by Wood, SE. by Ken- hawa, SW. by Mason co. and NW. by the Ohio river. Besides the Ohio, it is watered by several large and valuable creeks. This co. is not mountainous, but may be said to be a mass of hills. The soil, as in many other parts of Western Virginia, is well adapted to grazing, and on the bottom lands it is of the first quality. Ripley is the seat of just ice. Pop. in 1830, 3,300, and in 1840, 4,390, of whom 87 were slaves. JACKSON, v. and ap. Butts co. Geo., 45 m. NW. by W. from Milledgeville, and 707 from W. C., contains the court-house and jail. JACKSON, co. Florida, bounded N. by the state of Alabama, E. by Apalachicola river, S. by Washington, and W. by Walton co. Mariana is the capital. Pop. 4,68 J, of whom 2,636 were slaves. JACKSON, co. Michigan, bounded N. by Ingham, E. by Washtenaw, S. by Lena- wee and Hillsdale, and W. by Calhoun. Jackson is the capital. Pop. 13,130. JACKSON, co. Missouri, bounded N. by Missouri river, E. by Lafayette co., S. by Van Buren, and W. by the W. boundary of the state. Independence is the capital. Pop. in 1836, 4,522, and in 1840, 7,612, of whom 1,361 were slaves. JACKSON, t. and cap. of Hinds co. Miss., and also of state, situated on the W* bank of Pearl river, 112 m. NE. from Nat chez, and 1,035 from Washington. Lat. 32 17' N. Lon. 13 16' W. It contains the state-house and several other public build ings, several stores, and is a pleasant and flourishing place. Pop. not given in the census. JACKSON, t. and cap. Lawrence co. Ark., 155 rn NE. from Little Rock. JACKSON, co. Arkansas, situated on the White and Big Black rivers, about 150 m, NE. from Little Rock. Pop. 1,540. JACKSON, co. Iowa, on the Mississippi river, next north of Clinton. Bellevue and Carlport are among the principal towns. Pop. 1,411. JACKSON, v. Laurens ts. Otsego co. N. Y., on Otsego creek, 14 m. SW. from Cooperstown, a small village of about 20 houses. JACKSON, co. In., on White River, bounded SE. by Scott, S. by Washington, W. by Lawrence, NW. by Monroe, N. by Delaware, and E. by Jennings cos., length 30 m., mean width 19. Chief town, Browns- town. Pop. 8,961. JAC 361 JACKSON, v. Jackson co. In., 84 m. southward from Indianapolis. JACKSON, co. II., bounded by the Mis sissippi river SW. by Randolph NW. and N. Franklin E. and Union co. S., length 30 m., mean width 24. Chief town, Browns ville. Pop. in 1830, 1,827, and in 1840, 3,456. JACKSON, v. and seat of justice, cape Girardeau co. Miso., 12 m. NW. From cape Girardcau, about 10 in a direct line from the Mississippi river, and 856 m. from W. C. Lat. 37 26' N. Lon. from W. C. 12 20' W. It is a flourishing village, contains aland office, court-house, jail, and many fine houses. JACKSON, co. W. Ten., bounded S. by White, W. by Smith, N. by Monroe co. in Kent, and E. by Overton. Length 28 m., mean width 18. Cumberland river crosses this co. in an oblique direction from NE. to SW. Chief town, Gainesborough. Pop. in 1830, 9,902, and in 1840, 12,872, of whom 1,226 were slaves. JACKSON, v. and seat of justice, Madi son co. Ten., on the S. branch of Forked Deer river. N. Lat. 35 58', and 198 m. a little S. of W. from Murfreesborough ; 861 from W. C. Pop. 11,750. JACKSON, v. on the left bank of Tom- bigbee river, Clarke co. Ala., 12 m. below, and SE. from St. Stephens. JACKSON, NE. co. of Ala., N. of Ten nessee river, bounded by Tennessee river SE. by Decatur co. SW. and by Franklin and Marion cos. N. It is nearly in form of a triangle, 30 m. by a direct line along Ten nessee river, an equal distance on Decatur 810, 3,967, of whom 1,947 were slaves and 501) free colored. JAMES CITY, v. Orange co. Va., 90 m. from Richmond and 82 from W. C., a small vitlx^e of 10 or 15 houses. JAMES ISLAND, small island in the river Ashley, 3 m. S. from Charleston. Lon. 80 W/Lat, 32 44' N. JAMES ISLAND, small island near the coast of Maryland, in the Chesapeake. Lon. 76 25' W. Lat. 38 40' N. JAMES RIVER, r. Va., formed by the union of Jackson and Cowpasture rivers. At the point where it begins to break through the Blue Ri Ige, it is joined by N. river. The flourishing towns of Lynchburg and Richmon \ stand on its banks. It joins the Atlantic in Hampton Road, at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. Its general course is S. of E. A 40 gun ship may go up to James town, and by lightening herself, to Harrison's bar, where there are 15 feet of water. It is navigable for sloops as far up as Richmond, and for bateaux 220 m. above Richmond, opening a valuable navigation into an ex tensive and productive country. JAMES RIVER, Arkansas, r'ses in the highlands a few miles S. of the Gasconade, and running SW. 200 in. during which course it receives Findley's river and other streams, enters White river 1,000 m. from its mouth. The soil on its banks is among the most fertile of any in the valley of the Mississippi. Lead mines occur on its banks 20 m. above the junction of Findley's river. JAMESTOWN, ts. Newport co. R. I., on Canonicut Island, 2 m. W. from Newport. The soil is particularly adapted to the produc tion of maize and barley. Pop. 365. JAMESTOWN, t. James City co. Va., on an island in James river, 32 m. above its mouth, 8 m. SW. from Williamsburg, 65 ESE. from Richmond. This town was es tablished in 1608, and was the first settled town by the English in the U. States. The town is now in ruins, and almost desolate ; two or three old houses, the rums of an old steeple, a church-yard, and faint marks of rude fortifications, are the only memorials of its former importance. JAMESTOWN, v. Guilford co. N. C., contains some 15 or 20 houses. JAMESTOWN, v. Prince Edward co. Va., on the Appomatox, 12 m. NE. of the court-house. JAMESTOWN, v. Fentress co.Ten., 135 m. E. from Nashville. JAMESTOWN, t. and cap. Russell co. Ken., 123 m. S. from Frankfort, contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and has gome trade. JAMESTOWN, v. Silver Creek ts. Green co. O., 50 m. SW. by W. from Columbus, and 10 m. E. from Xenia. It contains se veral churches, a steam grist and saw-mill, a carding machine, and from 50 to 60 dwell ings. JAMESTOWN, v. Ellicott ts. Chatau- que co. N. Y., on the outlet of Chatauque lake, 4 m. below the lake. There are two dams on tue outlet here, giving power to several mills and factories, and a steam-boat plies 0:1 the lake between this village and Mayville, It contains several churches, 12 or 15 general stores, 2 printing-offices, 5 taverns, a woollen factory, a sash factory, a cloth dressing mill, 4 extensive tanneries, and about 280 dwellings. JAMESTOWN, v. SW. corner of Boone co. In., 36 in. WN W. from Indianapolis. JAMESTOWN, v. S. part of Grant co. Wisconsin. JAMESVILLE, v. Onondagaco. N.Y., in Manlius, 4 m. E. from Onondaga Hollow, 46 W. from Utica, a village of about 40 dwell ings, several stores, &c.. &c. JAMESVILLE, v. Clarendon district, S. C., a small village of 10 or 15 houses. JANESVILLE, v. Rock co. Wisconsin, on Rock river. JAQUE&, or James, r. La., which flows into the Missouri, 150 m. from the Missis sippi. JASPER, co. Geo. r bounded S. by Jones, W. by Henry and Newton, N. by Walton, E. by Putnam. Length 25 m., breadth 18. Pop. in 1830, 13,131, and in 1810, 11,111, of whom 6,151 were slaves. Chief town, Monticello. JASPER, v. and cap. Marion co. Ten., on the Sequache river, 120 m. SE. from Nash ville, contains the county buildings, and some 15 or 20 houses. JASPER, v. Sunfish ts. Pike co. 0., on the Ohio canal, 3 m. W. of Piketon. JASPER, pts. Steuben co. N. Y., 24 m. SW. from Bath, and 240 NW. from Albany. Here is a sulphur spring of much note. Pop. 1,1.87. JASPER, co.. NW. part of In., bounded N. by Newton, E. by White and Tippeca- noe, S. by Warren, and W. by Illinois. Watered chiefly by Iroquois river and the head branches of Sugar creek. Population, 1,267. JASPER, v. Dubois co. In., on the Pa- toka river, 8 m. S. by E. from Portersville. JASPER, co. Miss., bounded N. by New ton, E. by Clark, S. by Jones, and W. by Smith cos.. Chief town, Decatur. Pop. 3,958, of whom 1,255 were slaves. JASPER, co. II., bounded by Coles and Clark N. Crawford E. Lawrence and Clay S. and Effingham and Clay co. W. It is a square of 22 m. each way. It is watered chiefly by the Embarras river and its tribu taries. It contains some fertile tracts, but much of both the prairie and timber land is level, wet, and of inferior quality. Newton is the capital. Pop. in 1835, 415, and ia 1840,. 1,472. JAUFLIONE, r. La., which runs into the Mississippi, Lon. 91- 45' W. LaU 39 26' N. JAVA, v. Java ts. Genesee co. N. Y.,on Buffalo creek, 32 m. SW. from Batavia^ has 364 JAY JEF a grist-mill, clothing works, and 15 or 20 dwellings. Pop. 2,367. JAVA CENTRE, v. Java ts. Geneseeco. N. Y., 4 in. W. of East Java, has a store ami about 20 dwellings. JAY, co. E. part of In., bounded N. by Wells and Adams, E. by Ohio state, S. by Randolph and Delaware, and W. by Grant. i'lt embraces the head branches of the Sala- manie river. Pop. 3,863. JAYVILLE, v. Jay ts. Essex co. N. Y., on the falls of the Ausable river, 20 m. NW. of Elizabethtown, contains a forge, trip hammer shop, 2 churches, and about 40 dwellings. JAY, ts. Orleans co. Vt., 60 m. N. from Montpelier, and 15 NW. from Irasburgh. Pop. 308. JAY, ts. Franklin co. Me., 21 m. NE. from Paris, 175 NNE. from Boston, and 29 W. by N. from Augusta. The inhabitants are principally employed in cultivating the soil. Pop. 1,750. JAY, ts. Essex co. N.Y., 141 m. N. from Albany ; mill sites and timber are abundant. Pop. 2,258. JEAN RABEL, t. of St. Domingo on the sea-coast, 12 m. NE. from St. Nicholas le Mole, Lon. 73 20' W. Lat. 1955'N. JEFFERSON, ts. Lincoln co. Me., 28m. TVE. from Wiscasset, 200 NE. from Boston. This is a flourishing ts. in its trade and agri cultural pursuits. Pop. 2,214. JEFFERSON, ts. Coos co. N. H., 7 m. SE. from Lancaster, and 77 N. from Con cord. Pondicherry bay, 200 rods long and 100 wide, is in this ts. and is a delightful sheet of water. Pop. 575. JEFFERSON, co. N. Y., bounded NW. by the St. Lawrence, NE. by St. Lawrence co., SE. by Lewis and Oswego cos., S. by Oneida co., and W. by lake Ontario. Pop. in 1830, 48,515, and in 1840, 60,984. Chief town, Watertown. JEFFERSON, ts. and v. Schoharie co. W. Y., 57 m. SW. from Albany-; an extensive dairy business is carried on here. The vil lage contains 2 churches, an academy, and 15 or 20 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2j033. JEFFERSON, co. NW. part of Pa., bounded N. by Warren and M'Kean cos., E. by M'Kean and Clearfield cos., S. by Indi ana co., and W. by Armstrong and Venango cos. Pop. 7,253. Chief town, Brookville. JEFFERSON, co. N. part of Va., bound ed NE. by the Potomac, E. by Loudon co., S. by Frederick co., and W. by Berkeley co. rPop. 14,082, of whom 4,157 were slaves, and 602 free colored. Charleston is the seat of justice. JEFFERSON, co. E. part of Ohio, bound ed N. by Carroll and Columbiena cos., E. by the Ohio river, S. by Belmont and Harri son, and W. by Carroll and Harrison cos. Pop. 25,023. JEFFERSON, v. Madison co. 0., 14 m.W. from Columbus, contains several taverns and stores, and about 65 dwellings. JEFFERSON, co. Ala., bounded N. by Walker and Blount, E. by St. Clair, SE. by Shelby, S. and SW. by Tuscaloosa co. Ely- ton is the capital. Pop. 7,131, of whom 1,636 were slaves. JEFFERSON, parish, "La., bounded N. by lake Pontchartrain and the Mississippi river, E. by Plaquemine parish, S. by the gulf of Mexico, W. by La Fourche Interior 'and St. Charles parishes. Pop. 10,470, of whom 4,486 were slaves, and 618 free colored. JEFFERSON, co. In., bounded N. and NW. by Ripley and Jennings, and E. 'by Switzerland co., S. by Scott and the Ohio r., which also bounds a part on the E., and W. by Clark and Scott cos. Madison is the cap. Pop. in 1830, 11,465, and in 1840, 16,414. JEFFERSON, v. Clinton co. In., 50 m. NW. from Indianapolis, contains several stores, and about 30 houses ; is a flourishing place. JEFFERSON, co. II., bounded N. by Marion, E, by Wayne and Hamilton, S. by Franklin, and W. by Perry and Washing ton. It is watered chiefly by the branches of the Big Muddy river. The surface is about one-third prairie, the remainder tim ber. The soil is tolerable second rate land. Mount Vernon is the capital. Population, in 1835, 3,350, and in 1840, 5728. JEFFERSON, co. Florida, bounded N. by Georgia state line, E. by Ocilla river, which separates it from Madison co., S. by Apala- chi bay, and W. by Leon co. Monticello is the capital. Pop. 5,713. JEFFERSON, v. Codorus t. York co. Pa., 12 m. SW. from York boro. JEFFERSON, v. Orange ts. Sussex co. N. J., 6 m. W. of Newark, has a church, and about 80 dwellings. JEFFERSON, v. Bloom ts. Fairfield co. Ohio, and contains about 100 inhabitants. JEFFERSON, v. German ts. Harrison co. 0., 21 m. W. of Steubenville, 11 NNE. from Cadiz, and 135 m. NE. from Columbus, contains several stores, about 30 dwellings, 18 or 20 mechanics, &c. &c. JEFFERSON, co. Wisconsin, between Milwaukie and Dane cos. Rock river runs through it from N. to S. Watertown and Jefferson are the principal villages. Pop. 914. JEFFERSON, v. NW. part of Jefferson co. Wis., on Beaver Dam creek. JEFFERSON, v. Saline co. Miso., on the Missouri. JEFFERSON, v. partly in Reading ts. Steuben co., and partly in Dix ts. Chemung co. N. Y., on the inlet of Seneca lake, cent tains several churches, 2 taverns, and about 100 dwellinjrs. JEFFERSON, v. and cap. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Mill creek, about 65 m. E. from Cleveland, and 200 m. NE. from Columbus. It contains a court-house, jail, a printing- office, an academy, several stores and tav erns, and is a flourishins village. JEFFERSON, v. Picknway co. Ohio. It is situated in Pickaway Plains, 3 m. S. from JEFJER 365- Circleville, 16 N. from Chfflicothe, and 28 S. from Columbus, and contains 25 or 30 dwellinss. JEFFERSON, co. N. part of Ken., on the Ohio. Pop. 24,002. Chief town, Louis ville. JEFFERSON", co. E. Ten., bounded N. by Grainger, E. by Hawkins, S. by Cocke, and W. by Sevier cos. Chief town, Dan- dridge. Pop. 36,346, of whom 8,596 were glaves, and 763 free colored. JEFFERSON, t. Rutherford co. Ten., 22 m. SSE. from Nashville. Near this town there is a mineral spring. JEFFERSON, co. central part of Georgia. Jefferson Baths, in this county, 12 m. NE. from Louisville, are much resorted to. Pop. 7,254, of whom 3,708 are colored. Louis ville is the seat of justice. JEFFERSON, t. Camden co. Georgia, on the Great Satilla, 56 m. NW. from Da rren. It is the seat of justice for the county. It is situated about 20 m. from the mouth of the river. JEFFERSON, co. Miso., bounded by the Mississippi river E. St. Genevieve and Washington cos. S. Franklin W. and NW. and Merrimack river or St. Louis co. N. Length 30 m., width 25. Chief town, Her- culaneum. Pop. in 1830, 2,583, and in 1840, 4,296, of whom 324 were slaves. JEFFERSON, co. Ar., bounded N. by Pnlaski, E. and S. by Arkansas, and W. by Saline and Pulaski cos. Pine Bluff is the seat, of justice. Pop. 2,586, of whom 1,010 were slaves. JEFFERSON, t. and cap. Jackson co. Geo. It contains a court-house and a jail. JEFFERSON, r. N. America. It is a fork of the Missouri in the Rocky Moun tains. JEFFERSON, co. Mis. on the Missis sippi river, bounded by that stream NW., by Claiborne N., uncertain on the E., by Franklin S., and Adams SW. Length 30 m., breadth 18. Besides the Mississippi river, this County is watered by FairchiHs and Coles creeks, in the centre, and by the sources of Homochitto river, and Bayou Pierre, in the E. Pop. in 1830, 9,755, and in 1840, 1 1,650, of whom 9,996 were slaves. Chief town, Greenville. JEFFERSON CITY, v. Cole co. Miso., on the right bank of the Missouri river, 15 m. above the mouth of the Osage river. JEFFERSON RIVER, NW.. branch of the Missouri, joins Madison river at Lat. 45 N. Lon. 30 45' W. from W. C., and forms the Missouri. A short distance below their junction, Gallatin's river enters the united stream from the SE. JEFFER30NTON, v. Culpeper co. Va., 20 m. N. from Culpeper. JEFFERSOXTON, v. Ashe co. N. C., a small place of some 10 or 15 dwellings. JEFFERSONTOWN, t. Jefferson co. Ken. JEFFJERSONVILLE, v. Norristown ts. Montgomery co. Pa., 3 m. N. of Norristown, and 87 from Harrisburg. JEFFERSONVILLE, t. Tazewell co. Va., on N. fork of Clinch river, 50 m. NE. rom Abingdon. JEFFERSONVILLE, t. Clark co. In., on the Ohio, just above the Rapids, and nearly opposite Louisville. Lat. 38 30' N.. tt is a flourishing town, and contains a land office, numerous stores, various mechanic shops, and has considerable trade. JEFFERY'S CREEK, r. S. C., which runs into the Great Fedee, Lon. 79 29' W. Lat. 34 8' N. JEFFERY'S LEDGE, a sand-bank on the coast of Massachusetts, between cape Ann and Casco bay. Lon. 69 38' W. Lat.. 43 10' N. JEFFRIESTOWN, v. Fayette t. Alle- ghany co. Pa., 12 m. W. of Pittsburg, oa the road to Steubenville. JEMAPPE, v. Caroline co. Va. JENA, v. Jefferson, co. Florida, has 12 or 15 dwellings. JENKINTOWN, t. Montgomery co. Pa., 12 m. N. from Philadelphia. JENKINS' ISLAND, small island near the coast of S. C. Lon. 80 40' W. Lat. 32 20' N. JENNERVILLE, v. Somerset co. Pa., 142 m. from Harrisburg and 164 from W. C., a small place of 15 or 20 houses. JENNINGS, co. In., bounded by Jeffer son NE. Scott and Jackson SW. Delaware NW. and Ripley E. Length 24 m., breadth 18, soil productive. Chief town, Mount Vernon. Pop. in 1830, 3,950, and in 1840, 8,829. Lat. 39 N. Lon. 8 30' W. from W. C. JENNINGS' ORDINARY, t. Nottaway co. Va., 69 m. SW. from Richmond. JEREMIE, t. and cape on the N. side of the southern peninsula of the island of St. Domingo. The town is situate on an emi nence, in a fertile soil, particularly excellent for the culture of coffee, 5 m. W. of St. Do mingo. Lon. 3 5' E. from W. C. Lat. 18 42' N. JERICHO, ts. Chittenden co. Vt., on N. side of Onion river, 15 m. E. from Burling ton, and 25 NW. from Montpelier. There is a pleasant village at the falls on Brown's river and considerable manufactories. Pop. 1,685. JERICHO, v. in Oyster bay, Long Isl and, N. Y. JEROMESVILLE, v. Wayne co. Ohio, 15 n. from Wooster and 18 from Mansfield. It contains a number of stores, several taverns, 2 churches, a variety of mechanics, and about 50 dwellings. JERSEY, ts. Steuben co. N. Y., 204 m. SW. from Albany and 12 W. from Bath ; contains the village of Barlle's Mills. JERSEY, co. II., recently formed, bound ary and county seat uncertain. Pop. 4,535. JERSEY CITY, ts. and cap. of Hudson co. N. J., on the Hudson, opposite New York, 1 m, distant, 226 m. from W. C., 58 366 JER JOH from Trenton and 8 from Newark. It is a port of entry connected with the district of New York ; is commodiously laid out in lots 25 feet front by 100 deep, making 45 blocks of 2 acres each. There are here several churches, an academy, a court house, jail, 3 select schools, 20 or 30 stores, an extensive pottery for the manufactory of delf-ware, which is scarce inferior to the best Liverpool; a flint glass manufactory, yieUinar annually glass to the amount of about $100,000, besides various other manu factories of less note, and a large number of mechanic shops. It is the depot of the Pat- erson and New Jersey rail-road and various turnpike roads to Newark and other places. Steam-boats run every 15 minutes between this city and New York at very low rates. It has about 250 dwellings and 2,500 inhabit ants. JERSEYTOWN, v. Columbia co. Pa. JERSEY SHORE, t. Lycoming co. Pa., on N. side of the W. branch of the Susque- hannah, 20 m. W. from Williamsport. JERSEY PRAIRIE, Morgan co. II., 10 m. N. of Jacksonville. JERSEYVILLE, v. Green co. II., 14 m. S. from Carrolton ; contains from 40 to 50 families. JERUSALEM, v. Hempstead ts. Queens co. L. I., 6 m. SE. from Hempstead Village, has several stores and from 20 to 25 dwell ings. JERUSALEM, ts. Yates co. N. Y., on W. side of Crooked lake, 20 m. S. from Ca- nandaigua. This town is the principal residence of the followers of Jemima Wil kinson. It contains the villages of Yates- ville and Branchfort. Pop. 2,935. JERUSALEM., t. Washington co. Md., on the Antietam, SW. of Hagarstown. JERUSALEM, t. Southampton co. Va., on the Nottaway, 63 m. WSW. from Norfolk. JESSAMINE, co. Ken., bounded N. and NE. by Fayette co. SE. S. and SW. by Ken tucky river, and W. by Woodford co. Nicho- lasville is the capital. Pop. in 1830, 9,960, and in 1840, 9,396, of whom 3,472 were slaves, and 144 free colored. JEWETT'S CITY, v. New London co. Ct., on the Quinebaug, 8 m. NE. from Nor wich. JOBSTOWN, v. Burlington co. N. J. JOE DAVIESS, co. II.", in the extreme NW. corner of the state, bounded N. by Wisconsin territory, E. by Stevenson and Ogle, S. by Whiteside. and W. by the Mis sissippi river. Besides the Mississippi, it is watered by the Fever and Apple rivers, and Rush and Plum creeks. The surface is mostly undulating prairie, and occasionally hilly. This is a rich county both for agri culture and the mining process. It em braces a large tract of country abounding in lead ore, and was the seat of the desolating Indian war of 1832. Galena is the capital. Pop. in 1835, 4,038, and in 1840, 6,180. JOHN'S BAY, bay on the coast of Maine. Lon. 69 30' W. Lat. 53 50' N. JOHNSBURG, ts. and v. Warren co. N. Y., on W. side of the Hudson, 23 m. NW. from Caldwell, and 85 N. from Albany. The village in the valley of the Hudson en mill creek has a church, a large tannery, several mills and stores, and about SO dwell ings. Pop. of ts. 1,139. JOHN'S RIVER, r. N. H., which runs in to the Connecticut, in Dalton. JOHN'S RIVER, r. N. C., which joins the Catawba, below Burke court-house. JOHN'S ISLAND, i?l. of the AHantic, near the coast of S. Carolina, a little S, from Charleston, 20 m. in circumference. Lon. 80 10' W. Lat. 32 42' N. JOHNSON, ts. Lamoille co. Vt.,28 m. N. from Montpelier. The river Lamcille en ters this ts. near the SW. corner, and run ning westerly 2 m., falls over a ledge of rocks 15 feet in height ; thence running over a bed of rocks 100 rods, narrowing its channel and increasing its rapidity, when it forms a whirlpool and sinks under a barrier of rocks which extend across the river. The arch is,of solid rock 8 or 10 feet wide, and at low water is passed over by footmen with safety. Pop. 1,410. JOHNSON, co. N. C., bounded by Samp son S. Cumberland SW. Wake NW. Nash NE. and Wayne E. and SE.; length 32 m., mean width 20. It is intersected by Neuse river from NW. to SE. Chief town, Smithfield. Pop. in 1830, 9,C()7, and in 1840, 10,599, of whom 3,476 were slaves. JOHNSON, co. IL, bounded by Ohio river S. by Alexander and Union W. Frank lin N. and Pope E. ; length 30 m., breadth 18. Surface hilly towards Ohio river, but more level in the interior. Soil fertile. Chief town, Willunsonville. Pop. in 1830, 1,596, and in 1840,3,626. JOHNSON, v. Pendleton co. Ken., 66 m. NE. from Frankfort. JOHNSON, co. Ark., bounded N. by Madison and Carroll, E. bv Pope, S. by Scott, and W. by Crawford and Madison cos. Johnson C. H. is the seat of justice. Pop. 3,433, of whom 591 were slaves. JOHNSON, co. In., bounded by Marion N. Shelby E. Bartholomew S. and Morgan co. W. It is watered chiefly by Sugar creek and branches in the E. part. Franklin is the capital. Pop. 9,352. JOHNSON, co. Ten., recently formed in the easterly district. Pop. 2,658, of whom 161 are slaves. JOHNSON, co. Miso., bounded N. by La fayette, E. by Petlis, S. by Rives, and W. by Van Buren co. A considerable portion of it is prairie, watered chiefly by the Black- water river and it head branches. War- renburg is the seat of justice. Pop. in 1836, 2,703, and in 1840, 4,471, of whom 556 were slaves. JOHNSON, co. Iowa, next W. of Mus- quetin co. intersected by the Lower Iowa river. Sippenamoh is the chief village. Pop. 1,491. JOHNSON'S, v. Hartland ts. Niagara co. JOH JON 367 N. Y., 270 m. NW. from Albany, has seve ral stores and taverns an.! about 25 dwell! isrs. JOHN SON BURG, v. Warren co. N. J., 30 in. NE. from Easton, Pa., 74 N. from Trenton, and 218 NE. from W. C., contains several stores and mechanic shops, and about 30 dwellings, JOHNSON'S CREEK, v. Niagara co. N. Y., 270 m. NVV-. from Albany, and 14 from Lock port, has 2 or 3 stores, and about 25 dwellings. JOHNSON'S FORT, on James' Island, S. C., at the entrance of Charleston harbor. JOHNSON'S MILLS, v. Dallas co. Al., 9 m. from Cahawba. JOHNSON'S POINT, cape on SW. coast of AntU'ua. Lon. 61 35' W. Lat. 17 10 N. JOHNSON'S SETTLEMENT, v. Tioga co. N. Y. JOHNSON'S SETTLEMENT, v. Ca- tharines ts. Chemunsr co. N. Y., 18 1 m. from Albany, a small village of about a dozen dwellings. JOHNSON'S SETTLEMENT, Clinton co. IK, on Sugar creek, 20 m. S. of W. from Carlyle. JOHNSON'S SPRINGS, v. Goochland co. Va., 2:> m. NW. by W. from Richmond. JOHNSTON, For 1 , N. C., on the right bank of Cape Fear river, at its mouth. JOHVSTON, ts. Providence co. R. I., 4 m. W. from Provi lence. Here are several cotton manufactories and valuable quarries of free-stone. It is watered by Wonas^ua- tucket anl Pochaset rivers. Pop. 2,477. JOHNSTON'S STRAITS, between the continent of N. America and the islands of Quadra and Vancouver; it unites Queen Charlotte's sound to the gulf of Guinea. Lon. from W. C. 40 W. Lai. 50 35' N. JOHNSTONV1LLE, ts. Randolph co. N. C., 85 m. NW. from Fayetteville, contains 3 or 4 stores, and about 20 houses. JOHNSONVILLE, v. Grant co. Wis., NE. from Cassville. JOHNSONVILLE, v. Pittstown ts. Rens- sclaer co. N. Y., on the Hoosick liver, 19 m. from Troy ; has several stores, a woollen factory, and from 20 to 25 dwellings. JOHNSTOWN, t. Franklin co. Miso., on the Merrimack river, 14 m. from Union, in a mineral district. JOHNSTOWN, U. C., is situated upon the river St. Lawrence, above the uppermost rapi Is in ascending to lake Ontario, and is a mile siuare. From this town vessels may be navigated with safety to Queenstown, and to the ports of lake Ontario. It is nearly opposite O-rdensburg in New York. JOHNSTOWN, district, U. C., on the river St. Lawrence. JOHNSTOWN, ts. v. and cap. Fulton co. N. Y., on N. side of the Mohawk, 41 m. NW. from Albany, and 415 from W. C. The large village of Johnstown is 4 m. N. of the Mohawk, and contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and several houses of public worship, a bank, 2 select schools, 2 clothing works, a manufactory of comb- plates, 6 taverns, 12 or 15 stores, a manu factory of flint glass, 2 printing-offices, 12 or 15 law offices, about 250 dwellings, and many other establishments of less note. Pap. of ts. 5,401). JOHNSTOWN, v. Columbia co. N. Y., 42 m. S. from Albany, and 110 from N. Y.,a small village of about 25 houses. JOHNSTOWN, v. Licking co. Ohio, on a branch of Licking creek, 20 m. NW. from Newark, and 22 NE. from Columbus. It contains several stores, 10 or 12 mechanic shops, 2 public schools, from 40 to 50 dwell ings, &c. &c. JOHNSTOWN, a thriving v. in Cambria co. Pa., on the W. side of the Allesrhany mountains, situated on the Pennsylvania canal, at its junction with the rail-road, about 20 m. S. by W. from Ebensburg. JOHNSVILLE, v. Obion co. Ten., 179 m. W. from Nashville. JONES, co. S. part of N. C., bounded N. and E. by Craven, S. by Onslow, and W. by Lenoir. Pop. 4,945, of whom 2,8 18 were slaves, and 180 free colored. Chief town, Trenton. JONES, co. W. part of Geo., bounded N. by Jasper, E. by Baldwin, S. by Twigs, and W. by Bibb and Monroe. Pop. 10,065, of whom 5,619 were slaves. Chief town, Clinton. JONES, Cope, in Hudson's bay. Lon. 79 W. Lat. 58 50' N. JONES, co. Miss., bounded N. by Jasper, E. by Wayne, S. by Perry, and W. by Co- vington co. Ellisville is the capital. Pop. 1,258, of whom 164 were slaves. JONESBO ROUGH, v. Brunswick co.Va., 83 m. S. of Richmond. JONESBOROUGH, v. and cap. Union co. IK, 145 m. W. of S. from Vandalia, has 8 or 10 stores, a carding machine, various me chanic shops, and a court-house and jail. JONESBOROUGH, v. Saline co. Miso., 200 m. W. from St. Louis. JONESBOROUGH, v. Monroe co. Miso. JONESBOROUGH, v. Jefferson co. Ala., on the road from Elyton to Tuscaloosa, 42 m. NE. from the latter, and 10 from the for mer town. JONESBOROUGH, s-p. andts. Washing ton co. Me., N. of Kennebeck bay, 8 m. W. from Machias, 134 E. by N. from Augusta. Pop. 392. JONESBOROUGH, t. Washington co. Ten., on the Holston, 16 m. S. from Blonnts- ville, 100 ENE. from Knoxville. Pop. about 900.* It contains a bank, a printing-office, a court-house, a jail, and a Presbyterian church. JONESBURG, t. Camden co. N. C., 66 m. S. from Norfolk. It is the chief town of the county, and contains a court-house. JONES' CREEK, r. Pa., which runs into the Delaware. Lat. 40 58' N. JONES' FALLS, r. Md., passes through the city of Baltimore, and empties into the harbor. It is 14 m. long, and affords many mill-seats. 368 JON KAN JONES' ISLAND, isl. in Hudson's bay. Lon. 63 W. Lat. 61 52' N. JONESPORT, ts. Washington co. Me., 138 m. E. by N. from Augusta. It has a har bor, and is finely located for ship-building, the fisheries, and coasting trade. Pop. 576. JONESTOWN, t. Lebanon co. Pa., at the junction of the Swetaraand Little Swetara, 23 m. ENE. from Harrisburg. JONESVILLE, t. Lee co. Va., in Power's Valley, 2 or 3 m. from Powell's river, and 70 W. from Abingdon. JONESVILLE, v. Surrey co. N. C. JONESVILLE, v. Union district, S. C., 112 m. NNW. from Columbia. JONESVILLE, v. Salem ts. Monroe co. Ohio, 154m. from Columbus, a small village of about 15 houses. JOPPA, t. Harford co. Md., 20 m. E. by N. from Baltimore. JORDAN, v. Elbridge ts. Onondaga co. N. Y., on the Erie canal, 12 m. W. from Sy racuse. It has several mills, a sash and pail factory, clothing works, distillery, 5 taverns, 12 or 15 stores, 2 drug stores, a tannery, and from 170 to 200 dwellings. It is a place of much business. JORDAN'S PRAIRIE, Jefferson co. II., 6 m. N. of Mount Vernon, and contains 70 or 80 families. JORDAN'S SETTLEMENT, Jasper co. II., on the W. side of Embarras river. JORDANSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. W. C., 172 m. SW. by W. from Raleigh. JOSEPH'S KEY, small isl. in the gulf of Mexico, near the coast of Florida. Lon. 89 30' W. Lat. 30 8' N. JOY, v. Kennebeck co. Me., 110 m. N. from Portland. JUAN RODRIGUEZ CABRILLO, isl. on the coast of New California. Lon. 120 31'W. Lat. 34 N. JUAN DE ULUA, isl. on the coast of Mexico, in the bay of Vera Cruz. A very strong fortress now covers nearly the whole rock, the expense of which is said to have been upwards of eight millions sterling. JUANICO, isl. in the sulf of California. Lon. 107 41' W. Lat. 21 45' N. JUDDSVILLE, v. Surrey co. N. C., 175 m. NW. by W. from Raleigh. JUDITH, Point, the W. point at the en trance of Narragansct bay, R. I., 9 rn. SSW. from Newport. Lon. 71 35' W. Lat. 41 24' N. JUDITH'S RIVER, r. N- America, runs into the Missouri, 2,440 m. from the Missis sippi. JULIESTOWN, v. Burlington co. N. J., 25m. SE. from Trenton, and 163 from W. C., contains several stores and about 30 dwell ings. JULIET, mt. II., NW. of the Illinois r. JULIET, v. and cap. of Will co. II., on both sides of the Des Planes river. It con tains the county buildings, 15 or 20 stores, several taverns, a grist-mill, the benefit of great water power, and 800 or 900 inhabit ants. JUNIATA, co. Pa., bounded NW. andN. by Mifflin co., E. by Susqwehanna r., SE. by Perry, SW. and W. by Huntingdon. In this county we find precipitous, sterile moun tains, with intervening fertile valleys. Mif flin is the capital. Pop. in 1830, 7J672, and in 1840, 11,080. JUNIATTA, navigable r. Pa., formed by three branches, which rise in the counties of Cambria, Bedford, and Huntingdon. It has an E. course, and joins the Susquehan- nah llm. above Harrisburg. JUNIUS, pts. Seneca co/N. Y., 25 m. N.. from Ovid, 182 WNW. from Albany. Pop. 1,594. JURULLO, a very remarkable volcano of Mexico, in the state of Mechoacan. Lon. from W. C. 24 10' W. Lat. 19 9'N. It was formed by an eruption in one night, be tween September 28th and 29th, 1759. The eruption was preceded by shocks of earth quakes from the month of July. The conical summit is 524 feet in height. KALAMAZOO, v. and cap. of Kalama- zoo co. Mich., on Ealarnazoo river, in a rich and flourishing neighborhood ; contains a fine court-house and jail, several churches for various denominations, about 15 general stores, various mechanic shops, an academy^ and about 1.000 inhabitants. It is 170 m.. from Detroit and 670 from W. C. KALAMAZOO, co. Mich., bounded N, by Allegan and Barry, E. by Calhoun, S. by St. Joseph, and W. by Van Buren co. It is a square of 26 m. each way. Pop ulation 7,380. Kalamazoo is the seat of justice. KALAMAZOO, r. Mich., rises in the SE. part of the state, runs a north-westerly course and empties into lake Michigan. It is navisable for boats to Kalamazoo village, about 50 miles. Whole length 150 miles. KALIDA, v. and cap. of Putnam co. Ohio, on the Ottawa river, 1 m. from its junction with the Auglaize, 20' m. N. from Lima ; contains 25 or 30 dwellings, 5 or 8 mechanic shops, several stores, court-house, jail, and is rapidly increasing. KANE, co. in the N. part of II., bounded N. by Boone and M'Henry, E. by Cook and Will, S. by La Salle, and W. by Ode co. It is intersected by Fox river from NE. to SW. and embraces several of its branches. A large proportion of the country is rich prairie, with a surface a little undulating. Geneva, on the W. side of Fox river, is the county seat. Pop. 6,501. KANE, post-office in Macoupin settle ment, Green co. II., 9 m. S. from Carrolton. KANKAKEE, v. La Salle co. II., in the forks of the Kankakee and Des Planes rivers ; contains several stores and about 25 houses. KANKAKEE, which rises near the head waters of the St. Joseph's of Michigan, in Indiana, and passing into Illinois, unites with the Desplanes, to form the river Illi- KAN KEN 369 nois. In time of high water boats pass from the Kankakee to the St. Joseph's. KANSAS, r. Miso., which rises in the plains between the PJatte and the Arkansas, and joins the Missouri in Lat. 39 5' N. 340 m. above its mouth. It is navigable 900 miles. KAHTHAUS, v. Covington ts. on the left bank of the Susquehannah river, Clear- field co. Pa., 18 m. NE. from the town of ClearfielJ, and 112 from Harrisburg. KASKASKIA, r. II., rising in the E. part of the state near the W. boundary of Indi ana, and flowing SW. by comparative courses about 250 m., it falls into the Mis sissippi about 100 m. above the mouth of the Ohio. KASKASKIA, t. and seat of justice, Ran dolph co. II., on the Kaskaskia river, situat ed on an extensive plain, not far from the commencement of the American Bottom, 11 miles from the mouth of the river on which it stands, and 6 miles from the nearest point of the Mississippi. This town was one of the first establishments made by the French in the valley of the Mississippi, and is a place whose origin dates further back than that of Philadelphia. It was once of great importance, containing 7,000 inhabitants. At present it numbers 160 houses and 1,000 inhabitants. A more beautiful situation for a town can hardly be imagined. It is in the centre of a gently sloping basin, on a fine navigable stream, and in the midst of a country proverbial for its fertility. It has u bank, a printing-office, a Catholic church, a nunnery and female boarding school, and a land office. KATAHDIN, or Ktadne, lofty mountains, Maine, 80 m. N. from Bansror. Their height is not accurately ascertained, but is supposed to exceed that of the White moun tains. KAYADAROSSORAS, r. Saratoga co. N. Y., which falls into the Saratosa lake. KAYGERS' CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio, 10 m. above Gallipolis. KEARSARGE, mt. N. H., in Sutton, about 25 m. NVV. from Concord. It is ele vated 2,460 feet above the level of the sea. KEASLETOWN, I. Rockingham co. Va. KEENE, ts. and v. and seat of justice, Cheshire co. N. H., 14 m. SE. from Wai- pole, and 95 W. from Portsmouth* The village has two glass-houses, 1 woollen -fac tory, an iron-foundery, and a number of other valuable manufacturing establish ments. Pop. of ts. 2,610. KEENANSV1LLE, v. and cap. Duplin co. N. C., 120 m. from Raleigh and 356 from W. C., contains the county buildings, and about 20 houses. KEENE, pts. Essex co. N. Y., 138 m. N. from Albany, and 12 W. from Elizabeth. Pop. 730. KEENE, v. Coshocton co. Ohio, 97 m. NE. from Columbus. It has several stores, an oil-mill, 12 or 15 mechanic shops, and about 200 families. It is a thriving place. W 1 KEENE'S MILLS, v. Adams co. Pa., 36 m. SW. from Harrisburg. KEENVILLE, v. Northampton co. Pa., on the road from Easton to the Lehigh Water-Gap, 2 m. from Cherryville. KEEPOTAW, v. in the SW. part of Cook co. II., on the Des Planes river, SW. from Chicago, below Des Planes. KEESESVILLE, v. Essex co. N. Y., 157 m. N. from Albany ; contains a number of churches, an academy, a large grist-mill with 5 run of stones, and another with 3 run of stones, a woollen-factory, a large cot ton-factory, 5 saw-mills, 1 gang-mill with 28 saws, a trip-hammer shop with 5 fires, I rolling and slitting-mill, a nail-factory, a cupola-furnace, a machine-shop, 12 or 15 stores, an extensive brewery, 2 printing- offices, a bank with a capital of $100,000,"a large tannery, upwards of 200 dwellings, and many other establishments of less note. KELLOGGSVILLE, v. Cayuga co. N. Y., between the heads of Owasco and Ske- neateles lakes, 39 m. NNE. from Ithaca, and 160 m. W. from Albany; contains a church, 2 or 3 stores, and 12 or 15 dwell ings. KELLOGGSVILLE, v. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 204 m. NE. from Columbus; has 15 or 20 houses. KELLYSVILLE, v.Ohio co. Ky., 153 m. SW. by W. from Frankfort. KELLYSVILLE, v. Marion co. Ten., 120 m. SE. from Nashville. KELSO, v. Dearborn co. In., 85 m. SE. from Indianapolis. KEMPSVILLE, t. Princess Anne co. Va., 9 m. SE. from Norfolk. KEMPSVILLE, v. Niagara co. N.Y., 276 m. NW. from Albany, and 12 N. from Lockport ; has several stores and taverns, and about 30 dwellings, and is a place of considerable business. KENDALL, v. Stark co. Ohio, 7 m. W. from Canton, and near the eastern side of Tuscarawas river; contains several stores, an extensive woollen-factory, and from 50 to 60 dwellings. KEMPER, co. Mis., bounded N. by Nox- abee co., E. by Al. state, S. by Lauderdale, and W. by Nashoba and Dekalb. Pop. 7,663, and 3,040 slaves. KENHAWA SALINE or TERRE SA- LIS, v. Kenhawa co. Va., on the NW. side of the Kenhawa river, 6 m. above Charles ton. KENHAWA, Great, r. Va. It rises in Ash co., N. C., and being enlarged by a number of tributary streams, falls into the Ohio at Point Pleasant. Its whole course is about 400 m. and its width at the Ohio about 500 yards. KENHAWA, Little, r. Va., rises in Lewis co. and falls into the Ohio at Parkersburg, 12 m. below Marietta. KENHAWA, co. Va., bounded SE. by Greenbrier and Giles, SW. by Cabell, NW. by Mason and Wood, and NE. by Lewis and 370 KEN KEO Randolph. It is intersected by Kenhawa and Elk rivers, and drained by their numer ous branches. Charleston is the capital. Pop. 13,567, of whom 2,560 were slaves, and 97 free colored. Kenhawa is the seat of justice. KENDRICK'S ISLAND, NW. coast of America, forms the W. side of Nootka sound. KENDUSKEAG, r. Penobscot co. Maine, which flows into the Penobscot at Bansor. KENNEBECASIS, r. N. Brunswick, which runs E. and falls into the river St. John . KENNEBECK, r. which rises in the northern part of Maine, and falls into the Atlantic Ocean between the bays of Casco and Penobscot. KENNEBECK, co. Maine, hounded by Lincoln SE. and S. Oxford W. Somerset N. Penobscot NE. and Hancock E. Chief towns, Hallo well and Augusta. Pop. in 1830, 52,491, and in 1840, 55,823. KENNEBUNK, r. Me. which runs into the Atlantic at Kennebunk. It has a good harbor at its mouth. KENNEBUNK, ts. and port of entry, York co. Me., at the mouth of the Kenne bunk, 10 m. S. from Saco, 25 SW. from Portland. Ship-building is extensively car ried on here. A number of vessels are en gaged in the fishing and coasting business. There is one large cotton factory in opera tion, and other privilege for large manufac turing establishments on the Kennebunk and the Mousum, a pleasant stream which meets the ocean in this ts. Pop. 2,323. KENNEBUNK PORT, ts. York co. Me., on the N. side of Kennebunk river. It has several vessels engaged in the coasting and fishing business. It has also extensive granite quarries. Pop. 2,768. KENNEDY'S MILLS, v. Poland ts. Cha- tauque co. N. Y., 316 m. from Albany, and 20 SE. from Mayville, has several stores, and 20 or 25 dwellings. KENNEDY'S WARM SPRING, v. Ty rone t. Perry co. Pa., 11 m. N. from Car lisle. KENNEDYSVILLE, v. Steuben co. N. Y., 216 m. SW. from Albany, and 220 NW. from New York, contains several churches and stores, a tannery, and about 25 dwell ings. KENNEDY'S, v. Brunswick co. Va. RENNET'S SQUARE, v. Chester co. Pa. KENSINGTON, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 13 m. SW. from Portsmouth, 45 N. from Boston and 40 SE. from Concord. It is a good agricultural ts. Pop. 665. KENSINGTON, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop. 13,394. It is a suburb of Philadelphia. KENSINGTON, v. Chatauque co. N. Y., 340 m. from Albany, and 20 NE. from May ville, contains several stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings. KENT, co. U. Canada, on lake Erie. KENT, v. and cap. of Kent co. Mich., situated on Grand river, about 30 m. from its mouth, contains a court-house, jail, seVe- ral stores, and is a pleasant and growing place. KENT, co. Mich., bounded N. by Oceana, E. by Ionia, S. by Barry and Allegan, and W. by Ottawa. Kent is the capital. Pop. 2,587. KENT, co. L. Canada, between the liv ers Sorel and St. Lawrence. KENT, co. R. I., on the W. side of Nar- raganset bay, bounded N. by Providence co., S. by Washington co., and W. by Connecti cut. Chief town, Warwick. The manu facturing interests of this county, particularly of cotton and wool, are very extensive, and probably pursued with as much spirit and success as in any portion of the state. Pop. 13,083. KENT, ts. Litchfield co. Ct.,on the Housa- tonic, 45 m. W. from Hartford. Iron ore is found here, and wrought extensively. It contains a neat and beautiful village. Pop. 1,759. KENT, ts. Putnam co. N. Y., 20 m. SE. from Poughkeepsie, and 101 S. from Albany, contains the villages of Milton and Coles' Mills. Pop. 1,830. KENT, co. Del., bounded N. by New castle co., E. by Delaware bay, S. by Sus sex co., and W. by Maryland. Chief town, Dover. Pop. 19,872. KENT, co. Md., bounded N. by Cecil co., E. by the state of Delaware, S. by Queen Anne co. and W. by Chesapeake bay. Pop. 10,842, of whom 2,735 were slaves, and 2,491 free colored. Chief town, Chester- town. KENT, isl. in Chesapeake bay, annexed to Queen Anne co. Md. KENTON, v. and cap. of Hardin co. 0., 22 m. N. by E. from Bellefontaine, contains the county buildings, several stores, 20 or 30 dwellings, and is increasing in population. KENTON, co. Ken., formed from Camp bell, bounded N.by Ohio river, E. by Camp- be!! co. S. by Pendleton and W. by Boone. Chief town, Covington. Pop. 7,816, of whom 751 were slaves. KENTON, v. Kent co. Del., NNW. from Dover, and 5 m. W. from Smyrna. KENTONTOWN, v. Harrison co. Ky., 4 m. NE. from Frankfort. KENTUCKY CITY, v. Portage co. Wis consin. KENTUCKY, State. See page 126. KENTUCKY, r. Kentucky, rises in the highlands in the SE. part of the state, and running NW. falls into the Ohio, at Port William, 77 m. above the rapids at Louis ville. It is navigable 180 m. and is 150 yards wide at its mouth. KENTUCKY, Little, r. Ken., which runs into the Ohio, 3 m. below the mouth of Kentucky river. KENTUCKY, Indian, r. In., which runs into the Ohio, nearly opposite the mouth of Kentucky river. KEOKUK, v. Lee co. Iowa, on the Mis sissippi river, below Montrose. KEO KIN 371 KEOWEA, v. Pickens district, S. C., 128 m. NW. from Columbia. KEO WE A, r. U. S., the name of Savan nah river above its confluence with the Tu- gulo. KEROUART ISLETS, small islets on the NW. coast of America, between 51 and 52 N. Lat. KERRSVILLE, v. Lawrence co. 0., a small village of 10 or 12 houses. KER3HAW, district, S. C., on the E. side of the Wateree, bounded N. by Lancaster, E. by Chesterfield, S. by Sumpter and Rich- land, and W. by Fairfield cos. Pop. 12,281, of whom 8,043 were slaves and 25 free colored. Chief town. Camden. KERNE3VILLE, v. Northampton co. Pa., 15 m. NW. by W. from Easton, contains several stores and about 25 dwellings. KETCHUM'S CORNERS, v. Stillwater ts. Saratoga co. N. Y., a small village of 10 or 12 houses. KEWAUNEE, v. Brown co. Wis., on lake Michigan, at the mouth of Kewaunee river, E. of Green bay. KEWEENA POINT, projects far into the S. side of lake Superior. KEYSVILLE,v. Charlotte co. Va.,onthe head waters of Meheim river, 70 m. SW. from Richmond. XEYTESVILLE, t. and cap. of Chari- ton co. Miso., on the Chariton river, a flour ishing village with the usual county build- iftgs, and several stores. KEY WEST, small island in the gulf of Mexico, remarkable as being the most south ern settlement of the U. S. It was used as a naval station, but has been abandoned by our armed vessels. Lat. 24 34' N. Lon. from W. C. 4 38' W. KEY WEST, v. and cap. Monroe co. Florida territory, 560 in. from Tallahassee, 1,450 from W/C. KIAMESHA, r. Arkansas, which is form ed by the union of three branches, rising in a ridge of the Mazern mountains. It wa ters the SW. part of the territory, and joins Red river 90(1 m. above Natchitoches. KICKABOO, or Red Buck, small r. II., which runs into the Illinois on the N. a lit tle below lake Pioria. KICKAPOO, v. Peoria co. II., 12m. NW. of Peoria. KICKEMUIT, aNW. arm of Mount Hope bay, jl. I., 2 miles long and half a m. broad. KILDARE, t. Warwick co. L. C., 34 m. N. from Montreal. KILKENNY, t. Leinster co. L. C., 35 m. NW. from Montreal. KILKENNY, ts. Coos co. N. H., 8 m. NE. from Lancaster, 117 from Concord, and 558 from W. C. Pop. 19. KILLBUCK, r. Ohio, which runs into White-woman's creek, 3 m. above its junc tion with the Muskingum. KILLINGLY, ts. Windham co. Ct., on the Quinebaug, 25 m. W. from Providence, 45 m. E. from Hartford. It contains the villages of Pleasant Valley, Daysville, and Danielsonville, all pleasant and flourishing manufacturing places. They contain 14 cotton factories, 3 woollen mills, a furnace, an axe factory, and other mechanical opera tions. Pop. 3,685. KILLING WORTH, ts. Middlesex co. Ct., on L. Island sound, 28 m. E. from New Ha ven, 38 SE. from Hartford, and 26 W. from New London. Many vessels are built at this place. Pop. 1,130. KILMARNOCK, v. Lancaster co. Va. KIMBERTON, v. Chester co. Pa. KIMBLES, v. Lawrence co. 0., 120 m.a little E. of S. from Columbus, a pleasant village of about 20 houses. KIMBLESVILLE, v. Chester co. Pa., 76 m. from Harrisburg, contains several stores and about 30 houses. KINCANNON WORKS, v. Surrey co. N. C., 139 m. NW. by W. from Ralei-h. KINDERHOOK CREEK, r. N.~Y., rises in Berlin, Rensselaer co., and flowing SE. enters the Hudson at Kinderhook. KINDERHOOK, ts. and v. Columbia co. N. Y., on the Hudson river, 10 m. above Hudson, 20 below Albany. The village contains an academy in much repute, 2 se lect schools, several stores, a wool ware house, hat factory and store, 2 carriage shops, and from 80 to 100 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 3,512. KINDERHOOK LANDING or STUY- VESANT, v. Stuyvesant ts. Columbia co. New York, on the Hudson river, 125 m. from New York, and 20 from Albany, contains several stores, 3 warehouses, 3 lumber yards, and 50 or 60 dwellings. KING AND QUEEN, co. Va., on Mat- tapoony river, which separates it from King William co. Pop. 10,862, of whom 5,937 were slaves, and 490 free colored. Chief town, Dunkirk. KINGFIELD, ts. Somerset co. Me., 119 m. N. from Portland, 55 NW. from Augusta. Pop. 671. KING GEORGE, co. Va., between the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers, bounded N. by the Potomac river, E. by Westmore land, S. by Rappahannock river, and W. by Stafford co. Pop. 5,927, of whom 3,382 were slaves, and 275 free colored. KING GEORGE SOUND, the name given by Captain Cook, in 1778, to the bay which he discovered on the W. coast of North America, in Lon. 126 48' W. and Lat. 49 33' N., but the natives call it Nootka ; the name now generally adopted by the Eng lish. KING GEORGE THE THIRD'S ISL ANDS, group on the W. coast of America, extending from Lat. 56 10' to 58 18' N. KINGS, co. New Brunswick, on the river St. John, bounded on the E. by Charlotte co. S. by St. John co. W. by the counties of Westmoreland and Northumberland, and N. by a line running SE. and N W. from Spoon island in St. John river. KINGS, co. N. Y., comprises the W. end of Long Island, and is bounded E. by 372 KIN Queens co. Chief town, Flatbush. Pop. 47,613. KING'S BAY, bay, on the SE. coast of Nova Scotia. KINGSBOROUGH, v. Montgomery co. N. Y., 50 m. NW. from Albany, contains several stores, about 50 houses, &c. &c. KINGSBRIDGE, v. on the Harlaem river, N. Y., 16 m. N. of N. Y. city. KINGSBURY, ts. and v. Washington co. N. Y., on the Hudson, 52 m. above Albany. The village has several stores and mechanic shops, and from 30 to 40 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,773. KINGSBURY, v. Lancaster co. S. C., 60 m. from Columbia, and 455 from W. C. KINGS FERRY, v.Mongalia co.Va.,15 m. from Morgantown, a small village of some 10 or 12 houses. KINGSPORT, v. Sullivan co. Ten., 290 m. from Nashville, and 425 from W. C., con tains several stores, and some 20 or 30 houses. KING AND QUEEN C. H., cap. of King and Queen co. Va., near the Matta- poony, 49 m. NE. from Richmond. KING GEORGE C. H., cap. of King George co. Va., centrally situated 88 m. NNE. from Richmond. KINGSTON, v. Peoria co. IK, on the Illi nois river. KINGSTON, v. Adams co. Miss., contains some 15 or 20 dwellings. KINGSTON, v. and cap. Autauga co. Ala., 83 m. from Tuscaloosa, and 877 from W. C. ; has the usual county buildings, several stores, and some 20 or 30 houses. KINGSTON, s-p. of Jamaica, on the S. coast of the island, on a bay in which ves sels of the largest burden may anchor in safety. It was founded in 1693, after the de struction of Port Royal by an earthquake in the preceding year. It is on a plain which rises, with a gradual ascent, to the foot of the Liguanea mountains, a distance of about six miles, 10 m. E. from Spanish Town. Lon. 76 33' W. Lat. 18 N. Pop. 33,000, of which number 10,000 are whites, 18,000 slaves. KINGSTON, ts. and cap. of the island of St. Vincent's, in the W. Indies. Lon. 81 W. Lat. 13 6' N. KINGSTON, t. and cap. Kings co. New Brunswick, on Kennebecasis bay. KINGSTON, ts. U. C., the largest and most populous in the province. It is advan tageously seated at the E. extremity of lake Ontario. KINGSTON, ts. Addison co. Vt., 28 m. SW. from Montpelier. Here is a beautiful Water-fall on White river of 100 feet, 50 of tvhich are perpendicular. Pop. 1,000. KINGSTON, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 21 m. SW. from Portsmouth. It is a good agricultural township. Pop. 1,032. KINGSTON, ts. Plymouth co. Mass., 4 m. NW. from Plymouth, 32 SSE. from Bos ton, from W. C. 458. This town has some trade in the fisheries, and contains 2 cotton manufactories, and some manufactures of iron, axes, cutlery, anchors, leather, shoes, palm-leaf hats, &c. &c. ; total annual value, $100,000. Pop. 1,440. KINGSTON, North, ts. Washington co, R. I., on W. side of Narraganset bay, 12m. NW. from Newport. Pop. 2,909. KINGSTON, South, or Tower Hill, t. and" cap. Washington co. R. I., on the W. side of Narraganset bay, 11 m. W. from New port. Pop. 3,717. KINGSTON, ts. and cap. Ulster co.. N. Y., on the Hudson, 65 m. below Albany, 100 above New York. The village of Kingston is pleasantly situated on Esopus- creek, about 3 m. from the Hudson, and 313 m. from W. C. The village is divided into 7 wards and distributed over W streets. It contains a court-house, jail, the clerk's and sheriff's offices, several churches, 5 or 6 taverns, upwards of 20 stores, 2 banks, * large iron-founder^', a number of brick-yards,, book-stores, 2 printing-offices, about 300 dwellings, &c. &c. Population of the ts,,. 5,824. ~ ' KINGSTON, v. Middlesex co. N. J., 3 m. NE. from Princeton, 15 SW. from Brunswick ; contains a church, several stores, and 25 or 30 dwellings. KINGSTON, v. Talbot co. Md., on the- E. side of the Choptank, 4 m. below its forks. KINGSTON, t. Luzerne co. Pa., on the Susquehannah river, opposite Wilkesbarre: It is a flourishing village ; contains several stores and various mechanic shops. KINGSTON, t. Somerset co. Md., 8 m. S, of Princess Anne. KINGSTON, t. Georgetown district, S. C. on Waccama river, 40 m. NE. from George town. KINGSTON, v. Morgan co. Geo., 33 m. NNW. from Milledgeville. KINGSTON, v. Adams co. Miss., 130 m, from Jackson and 1,164 from W. C.; con tains about 20 houses. KINGSTON, t. and cap. Roane co. Ten., at the confluence of Clinch and Holston rivers, 60 m. below Knoxville, and 556 m. from W. C. ; contains a court-house, jail, several stores, taverns, various mechanic- shops, and has some trade. KINGSTON, v. Hopkins co. Ken., 216 m. SW. by W. from Frankfort. KINGSTON, small town situated on the line, but within the co. of Ross, Ohio, 10 m. N. from Chillicothe. It contains about 60 dwellings, 7 or 8 stores, and is increasing in population. KINGSVILLE, pts. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on lake Erie, 10 m. NE. from Jefferson and 200 NE. from Columbus. KING-TREE, t. and cap. Williamsburg district, S. C., on Black river, about 65 m. N. from Charleston, 86 from Columbia and 488 from W. C. ; contains a court-house and about 30 houses. KING WILLIAM, co. Va., between Mat- tapony and Pamunky rivers, and extends KIN KNO 373 eastward to where those rivers unite, and form York river, and bounded NW. by Car oline co. Pop. in 1830, 9,812, and in 1840, 9,258, of whom 5,780 were slaves, and 338 free colored. KING WILLIAM COURT-HOUSE, v. and seat of justice, King William co. Va., 35 m. NE. from Richmond. KING WOOD, t. and cap. of Preston co. Va., on Cheat river, about 200 m. direct NW. from Richmond, and 172 m. NW. by W. from W. C.; contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and has some trade. KINIESNICK, v. Lewis co. Ken., NNE. from Frankfort. KINSALE, v. Westmoreland co, Va., situated on the SW. side of the river Poto mac, near the Chesapeake bay. KINSAWL'S SETTLEMENT, in the N. part of Gallatin co. II., on the road from Carmi to Equality. It is a considerable settlement. KINSTON, t. and cap. Lenoir co. N. C., on the left: bank of Neuse river, 40 m. above Newburn ; contains the usual county build ings, several stores, and has some trade. KIRBY, ts. Caledonia co. Vt., 36 m. NE. from Montpelier, and 14 NE. from Danville, a cold, wet and mountainous township. Pop. 520. KIRKLAND, ts. Penobscot co. Me., 83 m. NE. from Augusta, and 15 NNW. from Ban:or. Pop. 851. KIRSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C., 151 m. SW. .from Raleigh; contains 4 or 5 stores, and about 30 dwellings. KIRKERSVILLE, v. Harrison ts. Lick- ing co. 0., on the national road, 2H m. E. from Columbus, and 14 W. from Newark; contains several taverns and stores, and 20 or 25 dwellings. KIRKSVILLE, v. Livingston co., Ken., 230 m. from Frankfort, and 770 from W. C. KISHTAC, isl. on the NW. coast of America, E. of Foggy Cape, on the SE. side of the peninsula of Alaska, and opposite the mouth of Cook's river. KISKIMINITAS, r. a branch of the Alle- ghany in Pa. KITE'S MILLS, v. Rockingham co. Va. KITTANNING, v. and seat of justice, Armstrong co. Pa., on the E. side of the Alleghany river, 40 m. NE. from Pittsburg, 215 from W. C. It is a flourishing place, containing a court-house, jail, 3 churches, an academy, several stores, various mechanic shops, and has considerable trade. Pop. 1,323. KITTATINNY MOUNTAINS, a ridge of the Alleghany mountains, which runs through the N. parts of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. KITTERY, ts. York co. Me., at the mouth of the Piscataqua', opposite Ports mouth, N. H., 5 m. SW. from York. The river or inlet called Spruce creek affords a good harbor for vessels employed in the coasting trade and fishery. Pop. 2,435. KLINGERSTOWN, v. Upper Mahony ts. Northumberland co. Pa., 17 m. SE. from Sun bury. KNIFE RIVER, r. Miso., which joins the river Missouri on the S. at the Mandan villages. KNIGHT'S CANAL, inlet, on the NW. coast of America. Lat. 50 45' N. KNIGHT'S ISLAND, isl. in Behring's bay, separated from the continent of Ameri ca by a narrow channel. KNIGHT'S ISLAND, a small island in Hudson's bay. Lon. 93 30' W. Lat. 61 50' N. KNOT'S ISLAND, v. Currituck co. N. C. KNOWLTON, v. Warren co. N. J., on Delaware river, 64 m. from Trenton, and 217 from W. C. ; contains a large grist-mill, a clover-mill, and 8 or 10 dwellings, &c. KNOWLESVILLE, v. Ridgeway ts. Or. leans co. N. Y., on the Erie canal, 6 m. W of Albion, and 267 NW. from Albany ; con tains several churches and stores, 2 grist mills, a brewery, tannery, an ashery, and 30 or 40 dwellings. KNOX, co. II., bounded N. by Henry, E. by Putnam and Peoria, S. by Fulton, and W. by Warren and Mercer cos. This county is watered chiefly by Spoon river and its tribu taries. The surface is generally prairie, mo derately undulating, and of first rate quality of soil, with considerable tracts of timber along the water courses. It is within the military bounty lands; its centre is about 180 m. NNW. from Vandalia. Knoxville is the capital. Pop. in 1835, 1,600, and in 1840, 7,060. KNOX, ts. Waldo co. Me., 28 m. NW. from Castine, and 32 NE. by E. from Au gusta. Its inhabitants are mostly engaged in agricultural pursuits. Pop. 897. KNOX, ts. Albany co. N. Y., 21 m. W. from Albany, contains the village of Knox ville, and a library of about 100 volumes. KNOX, co. 0., bounded by Richland N. Coshocton E. Licking S. Delaware W. and Marion NW. Chief town, Mount Vernon. Population in 1830, 17, 124, and in 1840, 29,579. KNOX, co. Ken., bounded SE. byHarlan, SW. by Whitely, NW. by Rockcastle, and NE. by Clay. Chief town, Barbourville, is about 125 m. SSE. from Frankfort. Pop. 5,722, of whom 536 were slaves and 164 free colored. KNOX, co. E. Ten., bounded by Sevier SE. Blount S. Roane W. Anderson NW. and Grainger and Jefferson NE. Holston and Clinch rivers unite at Knoxville. Chief town, Knoxville. Pop. 15,425, of whom 1,934 were slaves, and 173 free colored. KNOX, co. In., between White and Wa- bash rivers, bounded by Kaskaskia or Pike and Gibson cos. S. Wabash river W. Sulli van N. and Davies E. Soil generally fer tile. Chief town, Vincennes. Pop. 10,657. KNOX SETTLEMENT, Putnam co. 11., 13 m. SE. from Hennepin, on the head wa ters of Bureau river. KNOXVILLE, v. and cap. Knox co. D., 374. KNO LAP situated on a rich and elevated prairie, and contains the county buildings, a number of stores, and 40 or 50 dwellings. KNOXVILLE, v. Tioga co. Pa., 176 m. NNW. from Harrisburg. KNOXVILLE, v. Frederick co. Md., 53 m. NNW. from W. C. KNOXVILLE, or UNION STREET, v. Knox ts. Albany co. N.Y., 21 m.W. from Al bany, has 2 churches, about 30 dwellings, &,c. KNOXVILLE, t. and seat of justice, Knox co. Ten., on the right bank of Holston river, 22 m above its junction with the Ten nessee, about 200 ra. E. from Nashville. Lat. 35 50' N. It is a pleasant and flour ishing town, contains a court-house and jail, several churches, an academy, various me chanic shops, and a splendid college edifice, with about 100 students, and a library of 3,000 vols. KNOXVILLE, v. Jefferson co. 0., 12 m. NW. from Steubenville, and 158 NE. from Columbus, has a large flouring mill, several stores, a variety of mechanic shops, from 40 to 50 dwellings, and is increasing in popula tion. KNOXVILLE, v. and cap. Crawford co. Geo., 60 m.from Milledgeville, 702 from W. C., contains several stores, court-house, jail, and about 30 houses. KODIAK, an extensive group of islands on the W. coast of N. America, about 50 m. from the entrance into Cook's inlet, extend ing about 130 m. from SW. to NE. Lon. 206 12' to 208 45' E. Lat. 56 45' to 58 28' N. KONIAUT, Big, lake, Erie co. Pa., W. of Le Boeuf. KONIAUT, Little,la.ke, Crawford co. Pa-, 8 m. W. from Meadville. Three miles long and one broad. KOOSKOOSKEE, r. Oregon Territory, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, and joins Lewis r. between Lon. 117 and 118 W. and between Lat. 46 and 47 N. KORTRIGHT, v. Delaware co. N. Y., 10 m. N. from Delhi, 62 SW. from Afbany, con tains a Presbyterian church, several stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings. KOSCIUSKO, co. N. part of In., bounded N. by Elkhart, E. by Noble and Whitley, S. by Wabash and Miami, and W. by Ful ton and Marshall. Watered chiefly by Tur key creek, and the head branches of Tippe- canoe and Yellow rivers. Pop. 4,870. War saw is the seat of justice. KRABBSVILLE, v. Jackson co. Miso., 236 m. from Jackson, and 1,071 fromW. C., a small place of some 15 or 20 houses. KREIDERSVILLE, v. Northampton co. Pa., 7 m. SE. from Cherryville, and 2 from Howarton, on the road from Easton to Mauch Chunk, contains 3 or 4 stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings. KUSKANONG, v. N. part of Rock co. Wis., on Rock river, at the outlet of Kuska- nong lake. KYLERSVILLE, v. Clearfield co. Pa., 122 m. NW. from Harrisburg. LABEESH, r. U. States, which receives the waters of a lake of the same name, antf flows into Cassina lake. A little distance from the lake are the head-waters of Red river which flows into Hudson bay. LABRADOR. See p. 167. LACAIDE, t. L. C., 53 m.N. from Platts- burg. LAC AU SABLE, lake, Wisconsin, be tween lake Superior and the Mississippi, 600 m. above the mouth of St. Peter's river. Until 1816, the principal station of the Bri tish NW. Fur Company was on this Jake. The station is now occupied by the Ameri can NW. Company. LAC DES DEUX MONTAGNES, seig niory, York co. L. C., on the N. side of Ot tawa river, 25 m. W. from Montreal. LACHENAYE, seigniory, Leinster co.. L. C., on the river St. Jean, 13 m. N. from Montreal. LACHAWAHANOCK, valley, Luzerne co. Pa., extends from the mouth of Lacha- wahanock creek, up the same, about 30 m. This, next to Wyoming valley, is the most populous in the county. LACHINE,v.on Montreal Island, L. C., 7 m. above the city of Montreal. The rapid of St. Louis prevents vessels ascending from Montreal, so that all the commerce with the NW. country centres at Lachine. LACKA WAXEN, river of Pa., which falls into the Delaware, in Pike co. 174 m. above Philadelphia. LACON, v. in the S. part of Putnam co. II., on the Illinois river, 20 m. below Hen- nepin, has several stores and mechanic shops, and 20 or 30 dwellings* LACONIA, v. Harrison co. In., 120 m. S. from Indianapolis, and 21 S. from Corj- don, a small but flourishing village. LADY WASHINGTON, v. Montgomery co. Pa., 22 m. from Philadelphia. LADY'S ISLAND, a small island off the coast of S. C., near Port'Royal. LA FARGEVILLE, v. Jefferson co. N.. Y., 174 m. NW. from Albany, a small vil- lase of about 20 houses. LAFAYETTE, v. M'Kean co. Pa., 178 m. from Harrisburs. LAFAYETTE,V Montgomery co. Va., 208 m. S. of W. from Richmond. LAFAYETTE, parish, La., bounded NNW. and W. by Opelousas, and E. by St. Martin's parishes, and S. by the gulf of Mexico. Pop. 7,841, of whom 3,233 were slaves, and 134 free colored. Vermillion- ville is the capital. LAFAYETTE, co. Miso., bounded N. by the Missouri river, E. by Saline co., S. by Osage river, and W. by Jackson co. Pop. 6,815, of whom 1,990 were slaves and 26 free colored. Lexington is the capital. LAFAYETTE, t. and cap. Tippecanoe co. In., situated on the Wabash, 10 m. be low the mouth of Tippeeanoe river, 70 m. N W. from Indianapolis, at the head of steam* LAP LAK 3t5 boat navigation, and at the termination of the Wabash and Erie canal. This favorable location will conduce to make this a large and flourishing town. At present it contains about 15 stores, various mechanic shops, several churches, an academy, a bank, court house, jail, and about 2,000 inhabitants. LAFAYETTE, co. in the SW. part of Arkansas, bounded N. by Hampstead co. E. by Washitaw river, S. by Louisiana state line, and W. by lands not yet laid out. La fayette is the capital. Pop. 2,200, of whom 1,644 were slaves. ' LAFAYETTE, t. and cap. Lafayette co. Arkansas, 180 m. SW. from Little Rock, contains about 20 houses besides the county buildings. LAFAYETTE, v. Oldham co. Ken., 43 m. N. from Frankfort. LAFAYETTE, v. and cap. of Chambers co. Ala., 198 m.'SE. from T.uscaloosa, and 788 from W. C., contains the county buildings, and some 15 or 20 houses. LAFAYETTE, v. Dutches* co. N. Y., 24 m. from Poughkeepsie, and 89 m. from Albany, has a Baptist church and about 15 dwellings. LAFAYETTE, v. Van Buren eo. Mich., 167 m. W. from Detroit, and 660 from W. C., contains some 20 or 30 houses. LAFAYETTE, v. Williams co. O., on Beaver creek, 22 m. from Napoleon, and 21 from Defiance. It contains a large grist mill, several stores and mechanic shops, and 20 or 30 dwellings. LAFAYETTE, v. Deer Creek ts. Madi son co. 0., on the national road, 21 in. W. from Columbus, has several stores, and 25 or 30 dwellings. LAFAYETTE, v. in the NE. corner of Knox co. II., on the W. fork of Spoon river. LAFAYETTE, v. Lafayette ts. Ononda- ga co. N. Y., 12 m. S. from Syracuse, and 134 from Albany. The village has 2 stores and 15 or 20 dwellings. Pop. of the ts. 2,600. LAFAYETTE, v. Newton ts. Sussex co. N. J., 5 m. NE. from Newton, and 75 from Trenton, has a cupola furnace, grist-mill with 3 run of stones, a Baptist church, and 12 or 15 dwellings. LA FEVRE, commonly callfed Fever r. II., which runs into the Mississippi 75 m. below Prairie du Chien,21 below Dubuque's lead mines. Lead ore is found on its banks, 10 m. from the mouth, in great quantities. LAFONTAINE, v. SW. part of Brown co. Wisconsin, on Fox river. LAFOURCHE INTERIOR, parish. La., bounded NE. by St. John Baptist and St. Charles, E. by Jefferson parish, SW. by Terre Bonne, and NW. by Assumption pa rishes. Thibadeuxville is the capital. Pop. 7,303, of whom 3,246 were slaves. LAFOURCHE, t. Arcadia co. La., 75m. NW. from New Orleans. LAFOURCHE, or Chetimaches, r. La., an outlet of the Mississippi. It leaves the main stream at Donaldson, about 90 miles above New Orleans. Its length is about 45 miles. LAGOS, t, Mexico, in Guadalaxara, 60 miles NE. from Guadalaxara. Lon. 101 32' W. Lat, 21 27' N. LA GRANGE, co. NE. part of Indiana, bounded by Michigan state line on the N. Steuben E. Noble S. and Elkhart W. It is watered chiefly by Elkhart, Little Elkhart, Crooked creek, and Fawn rivers. Lima is the capital. Pop. 3,664. LA GRANGE, v. Covington ts. Genesee co. N. Y., 17 m. E. from Batavia, and 241 W. from Albany, has a Baptist church, about 20 dwellings, &c. LA GRANGE, v. and cap. Troup co. Geo., 138 m. W. from Milledgeville. LA GRANGE, v. Chester district, S. C., 77 m. N. of Columbia. LA GRANGE, v. Franklin co. Ala., 110 m. NNW. from Tuscaloosa.* LA GRANGE, v. Oldham co. Ky., 43 m. from Frankfort. LA GRANGE, pts. Lorain co. Ohio, 8 m, S. from Elyria, on a branch of Black river. LA GRANGE, v. Cass co. Mich., 178 m. S. of W. from Detroit. LA GRANGE, v. Clark co. Miso., on the Mississippi river. LA GRANGE, v. on W. boundary of Tippecanoe co. In., on the Wabash. LA HARPE, v. in the NE. part of Han cock co. II., and contains 30 or 40 families. LAIRDSVILLE, v. Oneida co. N. Y.,. 108 m. NW. by W. from Albany, and 12 from Utica, has several churches, stores, and taverns, a saw-mill, and about 15 dwell ings. LAKE, SW.. pts. Wayne co. Ohio, on the road from Mount Vernon to Cleveland. LAKE, co. It, in the northern part of the state, county seat and boundary uncertain. Pop. 2,634. LAKE, v. Milwaukee co. Wisconsin. LAKE ERIE, a large inland sea. It ex tends along about two-thirds of the northern borders of the state, from its north-eastern limits, westwardly, between it and Upper Canada. The jurisdictional line, however, between Canada and Ohio, runs along the middle of it, from east to west. Its circum ference, following the various windings of its shores, is about 600 miles ; and its great est length, in a direct line, from south-west to north-east, beginning at the Maumee bay, and terminating at Buffalo, in New York, is about 270 miles. About H60 miles only of this lake, in a direct line, border upon the state of Ohio. Its average breadth is probably from 40 to 50 miles ; although, opposite Cleveland, it is said to be 90 miles broad. This is a valuable sheet of inland water; and affords an extensive interior navigation. The principal landing-places on its southern shore, are Maumee bay, Port Clinton, San- dusky, Huron, Cleveland, Fairport, and Ashtabula, in Ohio; Erie, in Pennsylvania? and Portland, Dunkirk, and Buffalo, in New 376 LAK-LAN York. It is scarcely possible for one un acquainted with the circumstances of the western country, to conceive the vast amount of business now done upon this inland sea. There are owned on lake Erie more than fifty steam-boats, and not much less than three hundred sloops, schooners, and ships ; all actively and lucratively employed. Steam-boats have for several years past multiplied with a rapidity seldom equalled in any quarter of the globe ; and yet they have divided annually, when no untoward acci dent befell them, from to 100 per cent per annum to the stockholders. Schooners, and other craft, have been, in most cases, equally profitable. The United States have erected harbors at the mouths of all the considerable streams on the southern shore ; and erected light-houses and beacons at the several ports, at an expense which, though considerable, bears no proportion to the immense benefits derived from that source. LAKE ONTARIO lies between the state of New York and Canada, is 180 miles in length, and 40 in breadth, elevated 230 feet above tide level, mean depth 492 feet ; it is navigable for vessels of any size. It is connected with lake Erie by Niagara river, a mile in average width, very swift and deep, and 36 miles long. LAKE ST. CLAIR lies between lakes Huron and Erie, is a clear and beautiful basin of water, about 30 miles in diameter ; the strait between this lake and Huron is 32 miles in length, and three-quarters of a mile in breadth, with a deep and rapid cur rent. LAKE HURON is the second in size on the continent, being 220 by 90 miles in ex tent. It has the usual cold, transparent, and deep waters, has many islands, and is of a depth to be everywhere navigated by the largest vessels. At its west extremity it communicates with lake Michigan by the straits of Michilimackinack. LAKE MICHIGAN lies entirely in the U. S., between the states of Michigan and Wisconsin. Its extent is 300 by 50 miles, and it receives 40 considerable rivers, has valuable fisheries of sturgeon and white fish, and embosoms some islands in the north. LAKE SUPERIOR is connected with lake Huron by a strait 27 miles in length, the channel of which is shallow, rapid, and difficult of navigation. This is by far the largest collection of fresh water on the globe, being 350 by 1GO miles in extent, and about 1,500 miles in circumference, by its various windings. LAKE LANDING, v. Hyde co. N. C., 213 m. a little S. of E. from Raleigh. LAKEPORT, v. Laporte co. In., 189 m. NW. from Indianapolis, and 668 from W. C., a. flourishing village of about 20 houses. LAKEPORT, v. Chicot co. Arkansas, 130 m. SE. from Little Rock. LAKE OF THE WOODS, lake, between lake Superior and lake Winnipec, dis charging by Winnipec river into the lake of the same name. LAKE PLEASANT, t. Hamilton co, N, Y. LAKEVILLE, v. Livingston co. N. Y,, at the outlet of Conesus lake, 6 m. E. from Geneseo, and 217 NW. from Albany, has 2 churches, several stores, and 25 or 30 dwell ings. LAM ARCH, r. I!., which runs into Illi nois river from the NW. LAMASTER'S SETTLEMENT, Schuy- ler co. II., 4 m. S. from Rushville. LAMBERTON, v. Mercer co. N. J., on the Delaware river one mile below Trenton. It may be considered a suburb of Trenton. LAMBERTSVILLE, v. Hunterdon co. N. J., on the Delaware, 16 m. above Tren ton, and 170 from W. C., opposite New Hope, Pennsylvania. It is a place of con siderable trade, being on the Delaware and Raritan canal feeder ; it has water commu nication both with New York and Philadel phia, and contains several flour-mills, a flax- mill, manufacturing it from the stem, a bank, 2 iron founderies, 3 plaster-mills, 3 saw-mills, an oil-mill, and is extensively engaged in the burning of lime. It also contains several stores, and about 60 dwell ings. LAMOILLE, river, Vt., rises in Greens- borough, runs NW. and falls irto lake Champlain, at Milton, 12 m. N. from Bur lington. LAMINGTON, v. Bedminster ts. Somer set co. N. J., 10 m. from Somerviile, has a Presbyterian church, and 8 or 10 dwellings, LAMORESVILLE, v. Carroll co. Ten., 118 m. W. from Nashville. LAMOTTE PRAIRIE, Crawford co. II., 8 m. long, and from 1 to 5 miles broad. The soil is well adapted to the growth of Indian corn. LAMPREY, r. N. H., rises near the N, boundary of Rockingham co., flows SE. and empties into an arm of the Piscataqua bay. LANCASTER C. H. t. and cap. Lancas ter co. Va., 83 m. NNE. from Richmond, and 152 SSE. from W. C. LANCASTER, t. and cap. Lancaster district, S. C., 38 m. W. of N. from Camden, and 63 m. E. of N. from Columbia, contains the usual county buildings, and several stores. LANCASTER, v. Smith co. Ten., 58 nu NE. from Nashville. LANCASTER, v. Jefferson co. In., 76 m. SE. from Indianapolis. LANCASTER, v. in the E. part of Will co. II. LANCASTER or FAYETTE, v. NE. part of Grant co. Wis., on Blue river. LANCASTER, district, S. C., bounded N. by N. C., E. by Chesterfield, S. by Kershaw, and W, by Chester and York. Lancaster is the seat of justice. Pop. 9,907, of whom 4,235 were slaves and 107 free colored. LANCASTER, v. and <:ap. Garrard co. Ken., 29 m. S. from Lexington. LANLAP 377 LANCASTER, v. and cap. Fairfield co O., 28 m. SE. from Columbus, 34 NE. from Chillicolhe. It contains a court-house and jail, a bank, 2 printing-offices, several churches, a foundery, various mechanic shops, 15 or 20 stores, 2 large flouring-mills, a woollen factory, a market-house, 2 brew eries, and upwards of 300 dwellings. The Lancaster lateral canal connects this village with the Ohio cana'l, 8 m. distant. It is a flourishing and business place. LANCE LA GRACE, t. 75 m. SSW. from New Madrid. Lon. 90 27' W. Lat. 35 25' N. LANCE POINT, the S. point of New foundland, at the SW. extremity of St. Mary's bay. LANDAFF, ts. Grafton co. N. H., on the E. side of Connecticut river, between Bath and Haverhill, 12 m. NE. from Haverhill, and 90 NW. from Concord. The soil is fer tile. Pop. 957. LANDGROVE, ts. Bennington co. Vt., about 35 m. NE. from Benninsjton, and 3t) SW. from Windsor ; some of the head branch es of West river have their rise in this ts. Pop. 344. L ANDGUARD, or Pointe Aux Pins, north Bide of lake Erie. This point is about 20m. E. of the S. Foreland, and bears the only pine timber on this coast. LANDISBURG, v. Perry co. Pa., on a small branch of Shareman's creek, 30 m. NW. from Harrisburg, and 18 NNW. from Carlisle. LANDSFORD, v. Chester district, S. C., 92 m. N. from Columbia. LANESBOROUGH, ts. Berkshire co. Mass. It is situated in the NW. part of the state, joining to N. Y., 125 m. W. by N. from Boston. The inhabitants are princi pally farmers, who make agriculture a busi ness, and reap its rewards. Pop. 1,140. LANESBOROUGH, v. Anson co. N.C., 154 m. SW. from Raleigh. LANESVILLE, v. Floyd co. Ky., 154 m. SE. by E. from Frankfort. LANESVILLE, v. Harrison co. In., on the road from Corydon to New Albany, 130 m. from Indianapolis, and 606 from W.C., a flourishing place. LANESVILLE, v. Susqueharmah co. Pa., contains some 15 or 20 houses. LANESVILLE, v. King William co. Va., a small village of 8 or 10 houses. LANGDON, ts. Sullivan co. N.H., on Connecticut river, 40 m. W. from Concord, and 18 SSW. from Newport. A considera ble branch of Cold river passes through the whole extent of the ts. and unites with the main branch near the south line. Pop. 615. LANGHORN'S TAVERN, v. Cumber land co. Va., 60 m. from Richmond. LANGSBURY, v. Camden co. Geo., 199 m. SSE. from Milledgeville. LANSINGBURG, ts. and v. Rensselaer co. N. Y., on the E. side of Hudson river, near its junction with the Mohawk river, X 1 about 4 m. above Troy, and 9 above Alba ny. Sloops of small draught ascend thus high. It is laid out in squares 400 by 260 feet ; its length is 2* miles by half a mile in breadth, extending to the river bank on the east. The Mohawk empties into the Hud son by its three " Sprouts," or mouths, op posite the village. It contains a number of churches for different denominations, an academy in high repute, 6 select schools, several public libraries, 8 or 10 general stores doing a wholesale lousiness, and 30 or 40 retail stores. Its manufactories consist of 2 large oil cloth and carpet factories, brushes and bellows, tin, guns and rifles, 2 breweries, 3 independent maltsteries making 60,000 bu. of malt per annum, factories for making machine cards, paints, glue, leather, ropes, nails, stone- ware, brass castings, &c. It also contains a bank, several extensive slaughtering and packing houses, one of which puts up 16,000 barrels of meat annu ally ; and about 500 dwellings. Pop. of the ts. 3,330. LANSING, ts, Tompkins co. N. Y., 170 m. W. from Albany, contains the villages of Lansing, North Lansing, South Lansing, and Ludlowville. Lansingville, 12 m. from Ithaca, has 2 churches, and about 30 dwell ings. Pop. 3,672. LAONIA, v. Pomfret ts. Chatauque co. N. Y., on the Conadawa creek, 2 m. above Fredonia, and 315 from Albany, has a very valuable water power, a woollen factory, clothing works, several taverns and stores, and about 40 dwellings. LAO, t. Cuba, 25 m. W. from Havana. LAPEER, co. Mich., bounded N. by Sa- nilac, E. by St. Clair, S. by Oakland, and W. by Shiawassee and Saginaw cos. It lies about 60 m. NW. from Detroit. Pop. 4,265. Lapeer is the seat of justice. LAPEER, v. and cap. of Lapeer co. Mich., 61 m. from Detroit, and x 587 from W. C., contains the county buildings, and 20 or 30 houses. LA PETITE NATION, York co. L. C., on the Ottawa river, about 70 m. W. from Montreal. LA PETITE RIVIERE, parish, in Cote de Beaupre seigniory, L. C., on the St. Law rence, 34 m. NE. from Quebec. LA PORTE, co. NW. part of In., bound ed N. by lake Michigan and Michigan state line, E. by St. Joseph, S. by Marshall and Stark, and W. by Porter co. It is watered chiefly by Kankakee r. and branches, and Trail and lake Calumet creeks. The capi tal is La Porte. Pop. 8,184. LA PORTE, v. and cap. of La Porte co. In., in the NW. part of the interior of the county, 180 m. NNW. from Indianapolis. LAPRAIRIE, seigniory, Huntingdon co. L. C.,on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, at the mouth of the Sorel, opposite MontreaL The village of Laprairie, or La Naitivite, contains above 100 houses, and is very flourishing, being situated on the main road from Montreal into the United States. 378 LAP LAW LA PROA, point, New Brunswick, half way between Eastport and St. John. L'ARBRE C ROCHE, Indian village, in Michigan, on the W. side of the peninsula, near its N. extremity, 40 m. from Michili- mackinack. LARGA, small island in the Florida stream. Lon. 82 25' W. Lat 24 36' N. LARGA PUNTA, or Punta de Asies, cape on the W. coast of Florida. Lon. 82 5' W. Lat. 25 45' N. LARK'S POINT, cape, L. C., in the r. St. Lawrence, at the mouth of Saguenay r. LA SALLE, seigniory, Huntingdon co. Lower Canada, 12 m. S. from Montreal. LA SALLE, co. II., bounded N. by Kane and Ogle, E. by Will, S. by McLean and the attached part of Vermillion, and W. by Putnam co. The centre of the county is about 160 m. N. of Vandalia. It is water ed by the Illinois river and its tributaries, the Big and Little Vermillion, and Fox and Ausable rivers. La Salle is deficient in timber, but contains abundance of rich, un dulating, dry prairie, fine mill streams and extensive coal beds. Ottawa is the capital. Pop. in 1835, 4,754, and in 1840, 9,348. LA SALLE PRAIRIE, Peoria co. II., adjoining Peoria lake, 15 m. from Peoria. It is 10 miles long and from 3 to 4 wide. LAS CHIAPAS, a state of Mexico. It is an interior country bounded by Guatemala SW. Tabasco NW. and N. Yucatan E. and Vera Paz SE. Chief city, Chiapa Real. LAS JUNTAS, t. in the state of Chihua hua, Mex., on the W. side of the Rio Del Norte at the mouth of Conchos river. LASSELSVILLE, v. Ephrata ts. Mont gomery co. N. Y.,, 12 m. W. from Johns town, and 58 NW. from Albany, on Zim merman's creek, has a tavern, store, and 10 or 12 dwellings. L'ASSUMPTION, seigniory, Leinster co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 16 m. N. from Montreal. LA TESSAIRE, fief, Hampshire co. L. C., on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 40 m. W. from Quebec. LATHROP'S CORNERS, v. Victory ts. Cayuga co. N. Y., 20 m. N. by W. from Au burn, and 167 W. from Albany, has several stores, an ashery, and 25 or 30 dwellings. LATINTOWN,v. Marlborough ts. Ulster co. N. Y., 75 m. from Albany, has a Dutch Reformed church, and 12 or 15 dwellings. LA TRAIN, r. runs into lake Superior, and is 25 yards wide at its mouth. LAUDERDALE, co. Ala., on the N. side of Tennessee river, bounded N. by Ten. E. by Limestone co. S. by the Ten nessee river, and W. by Geo. Pop. 14,485, of whom 4,969 were slaves. Florence is the capital. LAUDERDALE, co. Miss., bounded N. by Kemper co., E. by Alabama, S. by Clarke, and W. by Newton. Pop. 5,358, of whom 1,353 were slaves. Marion is the seat of justice. LAUDERDALE, v. Lauderdate co. Miss., 102 m. from Jackson and 979 from W. C, LAUGHERY, v. Ripley co. In., on a creek of the same name, 81 m. SE. from In dianapolis. LAUGHLINGTON, v. Westmoreland co. Pa., 148 m. from Harrisburg, and 170 from W. C. LAUGHRIDGE, v. Gwinnett co. Geo., 99 m. NW. from Milled om 10 to 12,000 hogsheads of tobacco. It s almost embosomed in mountains, that have, however, fertile and populous valleys be tween, and is one of the most flourishing and commercial towns in the state. Besides tobacco, it produces wheat, flour, and hemp. Lat. 37 30' N. Pop. 6,395. LYNCHBURG, .v. Oldham co. Ken., 54 m. NW. by W. from Frankfort. LYNCHBURG, v. Lincoln co. Ten., 50 m. SSW. from Murfreesborough. LYNCHBURG, v. Dodson ts. Highland co. 0., on the E. fork of the Little Miami river. LYNCHBURG, t. Texas, on the W. side of San Jacinto river near its mouth, or near the head of Galveston bay. LYNCIFS CREEK, rises in N. C. a few miles W. of Sneadsborough, and flowing S. enlers S. C., and assuming a SE. course, falls into the Great Pedee. The entire length of Lynch's creek exceeds 100 m. LYNCH'S RIVER, r. Va., which runs into James river, Lon. 78 21' W. Lat. 37 42' N. LYNCH LAKE, Williamsburg district, S C ' LYNCHWOOD, v. in the N. part of Chesterfield district, S. C., 55 m. NNE. from Columbia. LYNDEBOROUGH, ts. Hillsborough co. N. H., 10 m. NW. from Amherst. Pop. 1,032. LYNDEN, t. and cap. Marengq co. Ala., on Chickasaw creek, 72 m. W. of S. from Tuscaloosa. LYNDON, ts. Caledonia co. Vt., 33 m. NE. from Montpelier. Pop. 1,753. LYNESVILLE, v. Granville co. N. C., 60 m. N. from Raleigh. LYNKHORN BAY, bay on the coast of Va., at the bottom of Chesapeake bay, 2 or 3 m. W. of Cape Henry. Lon. 76 6' W. Lat. 36 56' N. LYNN, ts. Essex co. Mass., famous for the manufacture of women's shoes, 10 m. NE. of Boston, and 5 SW. of Salem, in Lat. 42 28' N. In 1831, 1,675,781 pairs of shoes were manufactured in this town, valu ed at $942,191 value of materials $414,000. Since that period the manufactures of this article have continued about the same. Pop. 9,365. LYNN CAMP, v. in the NW. part of Knox co Ken., 112 m. SE. from Frankfort. LYNN CREEK, v. Giles co. Ten., about 70 m. S. from Murfreesborough. LYNNFIELD, ts. Essex co. Mass., 10m. W. from Salem, and UN. from Boston. Pop. 707. LYNNHAVEN BAY, on the coast of Va., at the S. end of Chesapeake bay, 7 m. W. from Cape Henry. Here, in 1781, the Count de Grasse moored the principal part of his fleet at the blockade of Yorktown. LYNN RIVER, in the co. of Norfolk, U. C., rises in the town of Windham, and running from thence southerly through the township 396 LYN MAC of Woodhouse, empties itself into lake Erie, where it has about 3 feet water on the bar. ft is a good harbor for bateaux. LYNNSVILLE, v. in the western part of Lehigh co. Pa., 80 m. NE. by E. from Har- risbur?. LYNNVILLE, v. Morgan co. II., 8 m. SW. from Jacksonville. LYON, v. Clinton co. Iowa, a small but increasing village. LYONS, v. Cook co. IL, on the Des Planes river, 12 m. NW. from Chicago, at Laughton's old trading house. LYONS, ts. and seat of justice, Wayne co. N. Y., 16 m. N. from Geneva, 20 NE. from Canandaigua, and by the canal 1 17 m. W. from Utica. Lat. 13 5' N. Lyons is elegantly situated on the grand western canal of New York, and rapidly improving. It contains the usual county buildings, seve ral churches, 15 or 20 stores, and from 250 to 300 houses. LYSANDER, ts. Onondaga co. N. Y., at the confluence of the Onondaga or Oswego and Seneca rivers, 20 m. NW. from Onon daga; contains the villages of Baldwinsville, Plainville, Lysander, Bolts Corners, and Little Utica. Pop. 4,306. LYTLEVILLE, v. M'Lean co. II. M. MABBETSVILLE, v. Washington ts. Dutchess co. N. Y., 15 m. SE. from Pough- Tceepsie, has 15 or 20 houses. MAC ADAM'S SETTLEMENT, Bond co. IL, 4 m. S. from Greenville. MAC ARTHURSTOWN, v. Elk ts. Athens co. O., 71 m. SE. from Columbus, and 25 SW. from Athens ; contains several stores, various mechanics, and is a flourish ing place. MACARAGUA, t. Cuba, 45 m. W. from Havana. MAC CLELANDSTOWN, v. German ts. Fayette co. Pa., 8 m. W. from Uniontown, and 10 S. from Brownsville ; contains seve ral stores and some 15 or 20 dwellings. MAC CLELANDSVILLE, v. Camden co. Geo., 219 m. SSE. from Milledseville. MAC CONNELLSBURG, v. Porter ts. Huntingdon co. Pa., 5 m. SW. from Hun tingdon borough ; has 3 stores, 2 taverns, and is a place of some business. MAC CONNELLSTOWN, boro. Air ts. Bedford co. Pa., on the road from Cham- bersburg to Bedford, 19 m. W. of the for mer, and 28 E. of the latter ; contains 3 or 4 stores, various mechanic shops, and is a pleasant and flourishing place. MAC CONNELLSVILLE, v. Vienna ts. Oneida co. N, Y., on the shore of Oneida lake ; contains 15 or 20 houses. MAC CONNELSVILLE, t. and cap. Morgan co. Ohio, on the Muskingum, 25 m. SE. from Zanesville, 340 from W. C. ; con tains a court-house, jail, 2 churches, several stores, various mechanic shops, and is a pleasant and flourishing place. Pop. about i M. MAC CORD'S SETTLEMENT, Bond co. II., 8 m. NW. from Greenville. MAC CORMACK'S SETTLEMENT, in the SW. part of Pope co. II. MAC CRACKEN, co. Ken., in the ex treme NW. corner of the state, situated in a bend of the Ohio river, and bounded by it on the N. NE. NW. and W., and S. by Hickman and Graves counties. Wilming ton is the capital. Pop. 4,745, of whom 654 were slaves. MAC CREARY'S SETTLEMENT, Franklin co. II., 10 m. E. from Frankfort. MAC CULLEY'S STORE, v. Chester co. South Carolina. MAC CULLOCH'S MILLS, v. Albe- marle co. Virginia. MAC CULLOCHSVILLE, v. Union co. South Carolina. MAC CUTCHENSVILLE, v. Pickaway co. Ohio. MACDANIELSVILLE, v. Spartan dis trict, South Carolina. MACDONOUGH, ts. Chenango co. N. Y., 128 m. SW. from Albany, and 14 m. NW. from Norwich. In this town is Spec's Spa, a sulphur spring of much note, at which is a large house of entertainment, Pop. 1,369, MAC DONOUGH, t. and cap. Henry co. Geo., on Towanligan creek, 67 m. NW. by W. from Milledgeville. MAC DONOUGH, co. II., bounded by Warren N, Fulton E. Schuyler S. and Han cock W. The streams that water this county are Crooked creek and its branches. The soil is chiefly fertile. About one half of the eastern and northern part of the county is prairie, the remainder is suitably proportioned into timber and prairie land. Macomb is the capital. Pop. in 1835, 2,883, and in 1840, 5,308. MAC EAVEN'S SETTLEMENT, Clin ton co. II., 6 m. SE. from Carlyle. MACEDONIA, v. Carroll co. Ten., 121 m. W. from Nashville. MACEDON, SW., ts. and v. Wayne co, N. Y. The t. lies along both sides of the Western Canal, 12 m. W. from Lyons. Pop. 2,396. MAC FARLAND'S, v. Lunenburg co. Va., about 60 m. SW. from Richmond. MAC FATRIDGE'S SETTLEMENT, Johnson co. IL, 8 m. NE. from Vienna. MAC GRANSVILLE, v. Cortlandville ts. Cortland co. N. Y., 4 m. E. from Cort landville, contains several stores, taverns, 3 churches, and 30 or 40 houses. MAC HENRY, co. Illinois, bounded N. by Walworth and Racine co. Wis., E. by lake Michigan, S. by Cook and Kane, and W. by Boone co. It is watered by Fox, Des Planes and Chicago rivers and their branches, together with several small lakes. Groves of fine timber are found along the lake shores, and on the banks of the streams, and also distributed through the prairies. The principal village is Mac Henry. Pop 2,578. MAC 39T MAC HENRY, v. Mac Henry co. II., on the W. side of Fox river. MACHIAS, ts. and v. Cattaraugus co. N. Y., 10 m. NE. from Ellicottville, 288 m. from Albany; the village contains about 30 houses, and is a pleasant place. Pop. of ts. 1,085. MACHIAS, ts. port of entry and cap. Washington co. Me., on Machias bay, 221 m. NE. from Portland, and 143 m. NE. of Augusta. Lat. 44 40' N. The principal settlement is at the falls of E. branch of Machias river. At the falls of the W. branch of the river, is another considerable village. A bridge is erected across Middle river between the two villages, which, with the causeway, is 1,900 feet long. Machias contains a court-house and jail, 2 Congrega tional churches, and an academy. The academy, called Washington academy, is in the E. village. The building, which is 50 feet by 38, and 2 stories high, was presented by the inhabitants of the village, together with a library and philosophical apparatus valued at $1,500. In addition, the acade my is endowed with $14,000 productive funds. Machias is a thriving town, and carries on considerable trade, principally in lumber. Here are 26 saw-mills, which cut on an average upwards of 10,000,000 feet of boards in a year. Pop. 1,351. MACHIAS PORT, v. Washington co. Me., on Machias bay, 3 m. from Machias. It has a great number of mills of different kinds, and is extensively engaged in the lumber tuade. It is a port of entry, has a good harbor, and about 8,000 tons tonnage. Pop. 834. MACHIAS, r. Me., formed of 2 branches, the E. and W., which unite in the town of Machias, at a place called The Rim. It afterwards widens into a considerable bay, and communicates with the ocean at Cross island, 6 m. below the junction of the two branches. MACHODICK, r. Va., which runs into the Potomac, 22 m, above Point Lookout. MAC KEAN, co. N. side of Pa., bounded N. by New York, E. by Potter co. S. by Clearfield and Jotferson cos. W. by Jefferson and Warren cos. Chief town, Smithport. Pop. 2,975. MAC KEANSBURG, v. Schuylkill co. Pa., 4 m. NE. from Orwigsburg, contains several stores and mechanic shops, and is a place of some trade. MAC KEESPORT,v. Alleghanyco. Pa., on the right banks of Youghiogeny and Monongahela rivers, at their junction, 11 m. SE. from Pittsburg, contains some 25 or 30 houses. MACKENZIE'S' RIVER, one of the largest rivers in N. America. It forms the outlet of Slave lake, and falls into the Fro zen ocean, in about Lat. 70 N. and Lon. 130 W. Its most distant sources are Un- jigah or Peace river, and Athapescow or Elk river. Its whole course is about 2,000 miles. MACKINAC, t. and cap. Michillimacki- naw co. Mich., in the extreme northern part of the Peninsula, 321 m. N. from Detroit. Formerly called Old Fort Mackinac. MACKINAW, v. Tazewell co. II., on Mackinaw river, about 20 m. above its junc tion with Illinois river, 148 m. N. from Van- dalia, a sma'l but increasing village. MACKINTOSH, co. Geo., on the coast at the mouth of the Alatamaha. Chief town, Darien. At the court-house, 12 m. N. from Darien, is a post-office. Pop. 5,360, of whom 3,910 were slaves, and 102 free colored. MACKVILLE, v. Washington co. Ken.,. 13 m. NW. by W. from Harrodsburg, and 34 SSW. from Frankfort. MACKVILLE, v. Franklin co. Geo., 100 m. NNE. from Mill edge ville, and 590 from W. C. MACLEAN, co. II., bounded N. by Li vingston and La Salle, E. by Champaign and the attached part of Vermillion, S. by Macon and Sangemon, and W. by Tazewell co. The streams that water this county are the western branch of the N. fork of the Sangemon river, and the head waters of Mackinaw, Sugar, Kickapoo, and Salt creeks. A considerable portion of the eastern and northern part of the county is one vast prai rie, with a dry and fertile soil. Large tracts of fine timber land are found in other parts. Bloomington is the capital. Pop. in 1835, 5,311, and in 1840,6,565. MAC LEANSBORO, v. and cap. of Hamilton co. II., on high ground near the centre of the county, 93 m. from Vandalia, and 773 from W. C. It contains the county buildings, several stores and taverns, and from 25 to 30 dwellings. MAC LEANSVILLE, v. Groton ts. Tompkins co. N. Y., on Fall creek, 16 m. NE. from Ithaca, contains an extensive iron foundery, a woollen factory, various other mills, and about 60 houses. MAC LEANSVILLE, v. Jackson co. Ten., 77 m. NW. by W. from Nashville. MAC LEOD'S LAKE, lake, New Cale donia, 60 or 70 m. in circumference, which discharges its waters through an outlet into Peace river. On its banks is a fort of the NW. Fur company, in Lon. 124 W. MAC LINTON, v. Abbeville district, S. C., a small village of 10 or 12 houses. MAC MAHON'S CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio, 5 m. below Wheeling. MAC MINN, co. Ten., bounded SE. by Monroe, SW. by Hiwassee river, NW. by Rhea, and NE. by Roane and Blount. Length 30 m., mean width 20. Surface hilly, and soil varied. Pop. 12,719, of whom 1,241 were slaves. Chief town, Athens. MAC MINVILLE, t. and seat of justice, Warren co. Ten., 70 m. SE. from Nashville, 644 from W. C., contains the county build ings, several stores, and is a pleasant vil lage. MAC NAIRY, co. Ten., bounded N. by Madison and Henderson, E. by Hardin, S. 398 MAC MAD by Mississippi state line, and W. by Hardi- man. Purdy is the capital. Pop. 9,385, of whom 765 were slaves. MACOMB, co. Michigan, on the river Huron of St. Clair, bounded N. by St. Clair co., E. by lake St. Clair and St. Clair co., S. by Wayne and Oakland cos. Pop. 923. Chief town, Mount Clemens, MACOMB, v. and cap. Macdonough co. II., 135 m. NW. from Vandalia, It contains the county buildings, several stores, and about 30 families. It bids fair to become a pleasant inland village. MACOMB, v. Abbeville district, S. C., about 100 m. W. from Columbia. MACON, co. N. C., in the extreme west ern corner of the state, bounded by the state line of Tennessee NW., NE. by Haywood co., and S. by the NE. corner of the state of Georgia. Franklin is the capital. Pop. 4,869, of whom 368 were slaves. MACON, v. Franklin co. N. C., 35 m. NE. from Raleigh. MACON, v. Bedford co. Ten., 50 m. SE. from Nashville. MACON, co. II., bounded N. by Maclean, E. by Champaign and Coles, S. by Shelby, and W. by Sangemon. It is watered chiefly by the N. fork of Sangemon river and its branches, and Salt creek. It consists mostly of prairies, in the interior level and wet, but generally dry, rich, and undulating near the timber. Decatur is the capital. Popula tion, 3,039. MACON, co. Mo., bounded N. by land not yet laid out in counties, E. by Shelby, S. by Randolph cos., and W. by lands not yet laid out. Pop. 634, of whom 225 were slaves. County town uncertain. MACON, v. and seat of justice, Noxabee co. Miss., 117 m. from Jackson, and 932 from W. C., has the county buildings, and 15 or 20 houses. MACON, t. and cap. Bibb co. Geo., on the Oakmulgee river, 35 m. WSW. from Milledgeville. It is a place of considerable trade, and has a bank and a printing- office. MACON, co. AL, bounded N. by Cham bers, E. by Russell, S. by Barbour, and W. by Montgomery. Tuskeegee is the seat of justice. Pop. 11,247, of whom 5,851 were slaves. MACON, r. NE. part of La. It rises in Missouri, and pursuing a S. course unites -with the Tensaw. Lat. 31 42' N. MACON, co. Geo., a new county ; seat of justice and boundary not given. Pop. 5,045. MACONSVILLE, v. Northampton co. N. C. MACOUPIN, co. II., bounded N. by Mor gan and Sangemon, E. by Montgomery, S. by Madison, and W. by Green co. It is well watered by Macoupin creek and its branches, and the head waters of Apple, Cahohok, Silver and Piasau creeks, and Wood river. It is a fine agricultural county, the surface consisting mostly of prairies slightly undulating, with an excellent soil, with a due proportion of timber, chiefly along the water courses. Carlinville is the seat of justice. Pop. 7,826. MACOUPIN PRAIRIE, Green co. II., between the Piasau and Macoupin creeks. MACOUPIN SETTLEMENT, Green co. II., 9 m. S. from Carrolton. It contains the post-office of Kane. MACVEYTOWN, v. Mifflin co. Pa. MADBURY, ts. Strafford co. N. H., 11 m. NW. from Portsmouth, 36 from Concord. It contains Barbadoes pond, a beautiful sheet of water, 120 rods long, and 50 wide. Pop. 489. MADDUX SETTLEMENT, Clinton co. II., near the mouth of Crooked creek, 8 m. S. from Carlisle. MADISON, v. Rockingham co. N. C., 32 m. NW. from Raleigh. MADISON, co. Miss., bounded NW. by Big Black river, which separates it from Yazoo, NE. by lands of the Choctaw In dians, and S. by Rankin and Hindes cos. Pop. 15,530. Canton is the seat of justice. MADISON, co. In., bounded N. by Grant, E. by Delaware and Henry, S. by Hancock, and W. by Hamilton co. Andersontown is the cap. Pop. 8,874. MADISON, co. N. Y., bounded by Onon- daga W. Oneida lake NW. Oneida co. NE. Otsego SE. and Chenango S. Length 28 m., mean width 20. It lies in an elevated position, and several streams which rise in it, flow in different directions, as the Che nango and Unadilla rivers, which run S. into the Susquehannah, and the Chittenango, Oneida. and Caneserago creeks, which enter Oneida Lake ; and some creeks which flow into the Mohawk. The surface is broken, but the soil is productive. Pop. 40,008. Chief town, Cazenovia. MADISON, ts. Somerset co. Maine, on the Kennebeck river, 10 m. above Norridge- wock, and 34 N. from Augusta. Its inhabit ants are generally husbandmen. Popula tion, 1,701. MADISON, ts. and v. Madison cp.N. Y., on the heads of Chenango r. and Oriskany creek, 22 m. SW. from Utica, and 94 W. from Albany. The village contains 2 churches, several stores, and about 50 houses. MADISON, co. Va., bounded SE. S. and SW. by Orange co. or the Rapid Ann river, NW. by the Blue Ridge, or Shenandoah co.. and NE. and E. by Culpeper. It is about 28 m. square ; drained by various creeks of the Rapid Ann ; the surface somewhat hilly, and soil tolerably good. Staples, flour and to bacco. Chief town, Madison. Pop. 8,107, of whom 4,308 were slaves. MADISON, v. Madison co. Va., on Rob ertson's river, branch of Rapid Ann, 45 m. W. from Frederieksburg. MADISON, v. Amherst co. Va., on the left bank of James river, opposite Lynch- burg. MADISON, co. Geo., on Broad r., bound. ed S. by Oglethorpe, SW. by Clark, W. by MAD MAG 399 Jackson, NW. and N. by Franklin, and NE. by Elbert. Length 30 m., mean width 10. Surface uneven, but soil productive. Pop. 4,510, of whom 1,382 were slaves. Chief town, Danielsville. MADISON, t. and seat of justice, Mor gan co. Geo., 50 m. NNW. from Milledge- ville, and 548 from W. C., contains a court house, jail, and some 25 or 30 houses. MADISON, co. 0., bounded on the N. by Union, E. by Franklin, S. by Fayette, and W. by Clark and Champaign cos. It is about 28 m. long, from N.to S.,by 19 broad, from E. to W. ^This county contains exten sive bodies of fine land, well adapted to ag riculture and grazing. Pop. 9,025. Chief town, London. MADISON, co. La., in the east district. Pop. 5,142, of whom 3,923 were slaves. MADISON, pts. NE. part of Geauga co. O. Grand river runs through this ts. The post-office is situated on the shore of lake Erie. MADISON, co. Ark., bounded N. by Mis souri state, E. by Carroll and Johnson, S. by v Crawford, and W. by Barton. Pop. 2,775. MADISON, co. Ala., bounded N. by Ten., E. by Jackson, S. by Morgan, and W. by- Limestone. Huntsville is the capital. Pop. 25,706, of whom J3,265 were slaves. MADISON, v. Hamilton co. 0., 123 m. SW. from Columbus, contains 15 or 20 houses. MADISON, v. and seat of justice, Jeffer son co. In., on the Ohio river, 75 m. above Louisville, 75 below Cincinnati, and 576 from W. C. Pop. about 2,500. It has al ready one printing-office and a bank. MADISON, co. in W. Ten., bounded on the N. by Gibson and Carroll, E. by Hen derson, S.by M'Nairy and Hardinjan, W. by Haywood. Jackson is the capital. Pop. 16,580, of whom 6,073 were slaves. MADISON, co. Ala., on the N. side of Tennessee river, bounded N. by Ten., E.by Jackson, S. by Morgan, and W. by Lime stone cos. Chief town, Huntsville. MADISON, co. Ken., bounded N. by Fay ette, E. by Estill, S. by Rockcastle, and W. by Garrard and Jessamine cos. Pop. 16,355, of whom 5,413 were slaves. Chief town, Richmond. MADISON, or Pikeville, t. and cap. Bled- soe co. Tennessee, on the Sequatchee, 35 m. above its junction with the Tennessee, 100 W. from Knoxville, 105 E. from Nashville, 608 from W. C., contains the usual county buildings, several stores, and about 30 houses. MADISON, co. II., on the Mississippi, opposite the mouth of the Missouri. Pop. 14,433. Chief town, Edwardsville. MADISON, v. Madison co. Illinois. MADISON, co. Miso., on the St. Francis, bounded N. by Francis, E. by Girardeau, S. by Wayne, and W. by Ripley cos. Pop. 3,895, of whom 611 were slaves. Chief town, Fredericktown. MADISON, r. Missouri, one of the forks of the river Missouri. MADISON, co. Florida, bounded N. by Georgia state line, E. by Suwannee river, which separates it from Hamilton, Columbia, and Alachua cos., S. andSW. by the gulf of Mexico, and W. by Ocilla river, which sepa rates it from Jefferson co. Hickstown is the capital. Pop. 2,644, of whom 1,202 were slaves. MADISON, v. Madison ts. and co. N. Y., contains about 50 dwellings. MADISON CITY, t. and cap. of Dane co. Wisconsin, on one of the Four Lakes. It is a flourishing town, and the capital of Wisconsin Territory. MADISONBURG, v. Centre co. Pa., con tains some 15 or 20 houses. MADISONVILLE, t. and cap. Monroe co. Ten., 168 m. SE. from Nashville. MADISONVILLE, v. Columbia ts. Ham ilton co. O., on the road from West Union to Cincinnati, 8 m. NE. from Cincinnati, has several stores, various mechanic shops, an academy, 2 churches, and upwards of 100 dwellings. MADISONVILLE, t. St. Tammany co. La., on lake Ponchartrain, at the mouth of the Chefuncti, 27 m. N. from New Orleans, and 127 N. from Natchez. MADISONVILLE, t. and cap. Hopkins co. Ken., 738 m. from W. C., and 200 from Frankfort ; contains a court-house, jail, and some 12 or 15 houses. MADRID, ts. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., on the St. Lawrence, 250 m. NW. from Al bany. Here is an academy at a village called Hamilton. It is a fine agricultural town. MAD RIVER, r. N. H., which runs SW. into the Merrimack, in Campton. MAD RIVER, r. Ohio, runs SW. into the Great Miami at Dayton. Length 55 m. MAGAUGUADAVICK, r. New Bruns wick, which runs into Passamaquoddy bay, opposite St. Andrews. It has falls at the head of tide water, 6 m. from its mouth, and another 9 m. farther up the river, at both of which saw-mills are erected, and immense quantities of pine and other lumber yearly manufactured. At the lower falls is a settlement containing two churches and about 700 inhabitants. There is also a small settlement at the upper falls. MAGAZINE MOUNTAIN, Ark., on the S. side of Arkansas river, 10 m. above the junction of the Petit John. It is 1,000 or 1,200 feet hish. MAGDALEN RIVER, r. L. C., which runs into the river St. Lawrence, in Lon, 65 5' W. Lat. 49 12' N. MAGDALENA, r. Texas, which runs into the sea, between the rivers Flores and Mexicano. MAGDALENE ISLANDS, cluster of isls. 7 in number, in the gulf of St. Law rence, 42 m. NW. from the island of Cape Breton. Lon. 61 40' W. Lat. 47 13' to 47 42' N. MAGNOLIA, v. Leon co. Florida, 16 m. 400 MAG MAN SSE. from Tallahassee, and 8 N. from St. Marks. MAGPIE RIVER, r. Canada, which runs into the gulf of St. Lawrence, 6 m. W. from the St. John. MAHANOY MOUNTAINS, are one ridge between Mahanoy and Catawissa rivers; and another between Mahanoy river and Sh amok in creek. MAHOGANY, v. Upper Mahogany ts. Northumberland co. Pa., 45 m. N. from Harrisburg. MAHONING, v. Stark co. O., 135m. NE. by E. from Columbus. MAHANTANGO, r. Pa., runs W. into the Susquehannah, 18m. below Sunbury ; another which runs E. into the Susquehan nah, 2 m. above the former. MAHONING, r. Venango co. Pa., runs W. into the Alleghany, 5 m. SE. from Franklin. MAHONING, r. rises in Ohio, and pass- ing into Pennsylvania, joins the Ohio river. MAHONY, r. Pa., which runs W. into the Susquehannah, 10 m. S. from Sunbury. MAIDEN CREEK, r. Pa., which runs into the Schuylkill, 7 m. N. from Reading. MAIDSTONE, t. Essex co. U. C., on the S. side of lake St. Clair. MAIDSTONE, ts. Essex co. Vt., on Connecticut river, 53 m. NE. from Mont- pelier, and 8 from Guildhall. Pop. 271. MAINE, one of the U. S. See page 45. MALABAR, cape, on SE. extremity of Mass. Lon. 69 55' W. Lat 41 34' N. MALAGA, v. Gloucester co. N. J., 30 S. from Philadelphia, and 58 SE. from Tren ton, has several stores, a glass manufactory, about 35 dwellings, &c. &c. MALAGA, v. Monroe co. Ohio, 147 m. SE. by E. from Columbus, and 300 from W. C. ; contains 15 or 20 houses. MALBAY, r. L. C., which falls into the St. Lawrence from the N. nearly opposite to the Camarouska islands, 90 m. below Quebec. MALDEN, t. in the co. of Essex, U. C., is situated at the mouth of Detroit river, on the E. side of the strait, having Colchester to the E. and Huron to the N. and including the village of Amherstburg. MALDEN, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., sit uated between Medford and Lynn, 5 in. NE. from Boston. It is united to Charlestown by Mystic bridge. Its manufactures consist of leather, twine, lasts, iron, dye-wood, &c. &c. Annual value about $350,000. Pop. 2,514. MALDEN, v. Saugerties ts. Ulster co. N. Y., on the Hudson river, 13 m.N. from Kings ton. It is a place of considerable business, and contains 30 or 40 houses. MALLOYSVILLE, v. Wilkes co. Geo., 82 m. NE. from Milledgeville. MALONE, ts. and v. and cap. Franklin co. N. Y., 42 m. W. from Plattsburg, 220 N. from Albany, 523 from W. C. The village stands on Salmon river, and contains a court house, jail, printing-office issuing a weekly paper, 2 churches, an academy, a large cot ton factory, several stores, and 70 or 80 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 3,229. MALTA, ts. Saratoga co. N. Y.,the prin cipal village, 7 m. W. from Saratoga, and 5 m. SE. from Ballston Spa. Pop. 1,457. MALTA, v. Morgan co. O., 70 m. SE. by E. from Columbus, on the W. side of Musk- ingum river ; contains several stores and mechanic shops, a boat yard, and 30 or 40 dwellings. MALTAVILLE, v. Malta ts. Saratoga co. N. Y., 6 m. from the Spa, contains 15 or 20 houses. MAMARONECK, ts. and v. Westchester co. N. Y., on Long Island sound, 23 m. NE. from New York. Its harbor admits vessels of 100 tons. The village contains 2 churches, 2 cotton factories, several stores, various mechanic shops, and has considerable trade. Pop. of ts. 1,416. MAMELLE, mountains, Ark., on the S, side of the Arkansas river, below the junc tion of the Poteau. They are estimated to exceed 1,000 feet in height, and are sup posed to be connected with the Mazern moun tains. MAMMOTH CAVE, Ken. See page 130. MAMOKATING, ts. Sullivan co. N. Y., 23 m. W. from Newburgh, 85 from Albany, contains the villages of Bloomingburg, Wurts- boro, Phillipsport, Burlingham, and Beattys- burg. Pop. 3,418. MANAHOCKING, v. Stafford ts. Mon- mouth co. N. J., 38 m. S. from Freehold, 4 m. from Little Egg Harbor bay, and 73 from Trenton, has several mills, and stores, a Baptist arid Methodist churches, and a Friends' house, about 30 dwellings, &c. MANASQUAN, r. N. J., runs into the Atlantic. Lon. 74 8' W. Lat. 40 8' N. MANATAWNY CREEK, r. Mont gomery co. Pa., runs into the Schuylkill, at Pottsgrove. MANATOULIN ISLANDS, U. C. ex tending from the W. side of lake Huron in an E. direction 160 m. Many of them are from 20 to 30 m. long. MANAYUNK, v. Philadelphia co. Pa. It stands on the E. bank of the Schuylkill, about 7 m. from Philadelphia. It is a large manufacturing village, having very extensive water power, and extensively improved, con tains several large stores, hotels, various mechanic shops, manufactures of cotton, wool, machinery, paper-mill, &c. &c. Pop. about 1,500. MANBY POINT, cape on the NW. coast of America, forming the W. point at the en trance of Behring's bay. Lon. 219 17' E. Lat. 59 47' N. MANCHAC, a pass or channel, forming a communication between lakes Maurepas and Pon chart rain, about 6 m. Ions. MANCHESTER, ts. and half shire town, Benninston co. Vt., 22 m. N. of Bennington, and 44 NE. of Troy in N. York. It contains two neat villages j the county buildings are MAN 401 in the south village. The scenery here is very beautiful. Pop. 1,5914. MANCHESTER, ts. Essex co. Mass., a few m. NE. of Beverly, 26 m. NE. from Bos ton. Its manufactures consist of leather, ves sels, boots, palm-leaf hats, ship's' wheels, &c. &c. ; annual value about $100,000. A number of coasting vessels belong to this place. Pop. 1,355. MANCHESTER, t. Niagara co. N. Y., at the cataract of Niagara. A bridge now connects this place with Goat Island. MANCHESTER, v. Oneida co. N. Y., 8 m. SW. by W. from Utica, has a cotton fac tory, and about 40 houses. MANCHESTER, v. Baltimore co. Md., on the road from Baltimore to Carlisle^ 33 m. from the former, and 42 from the latter. MANCHESTER, ts. and v. Ontario co. N. Y., 10 m. N: Canandaigua, on the road to the sulphur springs, and on Canandaigua outlet. The village contains several stores and 40 or 50 houses. Pop. of ts. 2,912. MANCHESTER, v. Chesterfield co. Va., on the S. siJe of James river, opposite Rich mond, and 33 m. NW. of Williamsburg. MANCHESTER, v. Sumpter district, S. C., on Wateree river, about 5 m. above the mouth of Cons:aree. MANCHESTER, v. and seat of justice, Clay co. Ken., about 120 m. SE. from Frank fort, 558 m. from W. C., contains the co. buildings, and some 20 or 30 dwellings. MANCHESTER, v. pleasantly situated on the bank of the Ohio, in Adams co. 0., 100 m. S. by W. from Columbus, and 73 in the same direction from Chillicothe, con taining several stores and mechanic shops, 30 or 35 dwellings, &c. It is the principal landing place for the merchandize brought into the county. MANCHESTER, v. Dearborn co. In., 94 m. SE. from Indianapolis. MANCHESTER, v. St. Louis co. Miso., 17 m. from St. Louis, is a small but pleasant village. MANCHESTER, ts. Hillsborough co. N. H., on the E. bank of the Merrimack, 16 m. S. from Concord, 42 W. from Portsmouth. The canal by Amoskeag falls is in this ts, ; at these falls are extensive manufacturing es tablishments. Pop. 3,235. MANCHESTER, ts. Hartford co. Ct., 10 m. E. of Hartford. It contains 3 pleasant villages, 7 or 8 paper-mills, 2 powder-mills, woollen and other manufactures. Pop. 1,695. MANCHESTER, v. Morgan co. II., on the road from Carrolton to Jackson, 18 m. from each place, and surrounded with a body of excellent timber and prairie. MANCHESTER, v. Tallmadge t. Portage co. O. MANCHESTER, v. Franklin ts. Stark co. O., 15 m. NW. from Canton, and 112 NE. from Columbus; contains a splendid church, several stores, a tannery, various mechanic shops, and 40 or 50 dwellings. MANCHESTER, v. Poughkeepsie ts. A2 Dutchess co. N. Y., on Wappinger's creek, contains a cotton factory, a Mjinet factory, a crape cambiet factory, and about 40 dwellings. MANCHESTER, v. Dane co. Wisconsin, at the outlet of the Four Lakes. MANCHESTER HOUSE, one of the Hudson Bay Company's factories, N. Ameri ca, on the Saskatchawine, 100 m. W. from Hudson's House, 75 SE. from Buckingham House. Lon. 109 20' W. Lat. 53 14' 18" N. MANDAMUS, v. Dane co. Wisconsin, at the western extremity of the Fourth lake. MANDAN, Indian village, on Missouri river, 1,600 m. from the Mississippi. Lon. 100 50' W. Lat. 47 20' N. Here Lewis and Clark encamped during the winter of 1804-5, on their voyage up the Missouri. MANDARIN, v. Duval co. Florida, about 12 m. from Jacksonville, and 267 E.of Tal lahassee. MANHATTAN, v. Putnam co. In., 52 m. W. from Indianapolis. MANHATTAN, v. Lucas co. 0. at the mouth of the Maumee river, at the termina tion of the Wabash and Erie canal. Many buildings are already erected and it is fast improvinsr. MANHATTANVILLE, v. on the E. side of Hudson river, N. Y., 9 m. N. from the city of New York, and within its limits. MANHEIM, ts. and v. Herkimer co. N.' Y., on the E. side of Mohawk river, above the mouth of East Canada creek, 69 m. E. from Albany, and 1 1 from Herkimer. The village, on the Utica rail-road and turnpike, contains some 20 or 30 houses. Pop. of ts. 2,095. MANHEIM, v. Lancaster co. Pa., on the W. side of Conestoga creek, between Mo ravia and Little Conestoga creeks, immedi ately N. from the city of Lancaster. MANICOUGAN, river of L. C., rises in the recesses of Labrador, flows into and again out of Manicougan lake, and assuming a course of SSW. enters St. Lawrence river, nearly opposite the paps of Matane, 200 m. below Quebec. MANIEL, mt. of St. Domingo, 20 m. in circumference, and so high and craggy, that it is almost inaccessible. MANILLA, v. Carleton ts. Orleans co. N. Y., on the shore of lake Ontario, at the mouth of Oak Orchard creek. MANITOUWOC, co. Wisconsin, on L. Michigan, E. of Calumet, and S. of Brown co. Manitouwoc and Manitouwoc Rapids are the chief villages. MANITOUWOC, v. Manitouwoc co. Wisconsin, on L. Michigan, at the mouth of Manitouwoc river. MANITOUWOC RAPIDS, v. Manitou woc co. Wis., on Manitouwoc river. MANLIUS, t. Onondaga co. N. Y., be tween the Salt lake and lake Oneida, 42 m. W. of Whitestown, on Mohawk river. Pop. 7,375. MANLIUS CENTRE, or Manlius Square, a very prosperous v. on the great western 402 MAN MAR road, in Onondaga co. N. Y., 34 m. NE. by E. from Auburn^ MANAHOCKTNG, v. Monmouth co. N. J., upon the Atlantic coast, containing about 30 dwelling-houses, and a Baptist and Me thodist meeting-house. It lies 8 m. from Tuckerton, 73 from Trenton, and 197 from W. C. MANNINGHAM, v. Butler co. Ala., 152 m. SSE. from Tuscaloosa. MANNINGTON HILL, v. Salem co. N. J., 2 m. NE. from Salem, and 50 SW. from Trenton. MANSFIELD, v. Westmoreland co. Pa., 16 m. E. of Greensbur?. MANNSVILLE, v. Jefferson co. N. Y., 148 m. NW. from Albany. MANSFIELD, ts. Lamoille co. Vt., 20 m. N. from Burlington. Mansfield mountain, one of the loftiest of the Green mountains, lies chiefly in this town. Pop. 223. MANSFIELD, ts. Bristol co. Mass., 12 m. N. from Taunton, 30 SSW. from Boston ; contains 6 cotton factories, 1 woollen mill, and 2 nail factories. It has other manufac tures of straw-bonnets, palm-leaf hats, bas kets, &c. ; total annual value, about $110,- 000. Pop. 1,382. Coal of a good quality is found here in abundance. MANSFIELD, ts. Tolland co. Ct., 25 m. E. from Hartford. This town is celebrated for the culture of silk. It contains two cot ton factories and five houses of public worship. Screws, ausrurs, and steelyards are manufac tured here.~ Pop. 2,276. MANSFIELD, v. Tioga co. N. Y. MANSFIELD, v. Warren co. N. J., on the Musconecunk river, 10 m. SE. from Ox ford, contains 2 churches, several stores, and about 40 dwellings. MANSFIELD" t. and seat of justice, for Riehland co. Ohio, containing 2 printing- offices, 6 churches, 6 or 7 taverns, about 15 stores, 20 apothecaries' shops, a court-house and jail, and about 350 dwellings. It stands 73 m. NE. from Columbus, and 380 from W. C. MANSFIELD, v. Amelia co. Va., 20 m. by land above Petersburg. MANTUA, v. Portage co. Ohio, on Cuya- hoga river, 10 m. N. from Ravenna, con tains some 20 or 30 houses. MANTUA, v. Philadelphia co. Pa., plea santly situated on the Schuylkill river, 2 in. from the city of Philadelphia. MANTUA, a settlement in the SW. part of White co. II., 10 m. from Carmi. MAPLESVILLE, v. Bibb co. Al., 35 m. E. from Tuscaloosa. MARATHON, ts. and v. Cortland co. N. Y., on Tioughnioga river; the village, 14 m. from Cortlandville, contains about 30 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,063. MARABEE, v. Gasconade co. Miso., about 70 m. SW. by W. from St. Louis. MARBLEHEAD, ts. Essex co. Mass., 4 m. SE. from Salem, 16 NE. from Boston. It contains a bank, a custom-house, and 5 houses for public worship, 2 for ongrega- tionalists, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Metho dists, and 1 for Baptists. The harbor lies in front of the town, and extends from SW. to NE. about a mile and a half in length, and is half a mile broad. It is convenient, and well defended by Fort Sewall. The inhabitants of tffis town are more extensively engaged in the bank fisheries than any other in the U. S. Pop. 5,575. MARBLETOWN, ts. and v. Ulster co. N. Y., 10 m. W. from Kingston, 66 S. from Albany; the village is 7 m. SW. from Kings ton, contains some 10 or 12 houses. Pop. of ts. 3,8 J 3. MARBURYVILLE, v. West Feliciana parish, La., 8 m. E. t'rcm St. Francisville, and 83 NW. by W. from New Orleans. MARCELLUS, ts. and v. Onondaga co. N. Y., on Skeneateles lake, 10 m. W. from Onondaga, 60 W. from Utica ; the village contains several churches, 2 paper-mills, a woollen factory, a number of stores, and is a pleasant and flourishing place. Pop. of ts. 2,726. MARCHANT'S SETTLEMENT, on the N. side of Fulton co. II., 24 m. from Lewis- town. MARCUS HOOK, v. Delaware co. Pa., on the Delaware, 20 m. below Philadelphia, contains some 15 or 20 houses. MARENGO, co. Al., bounded W. by Tombigbee and Black Warrior rivers, N. by Tuscaloosa co., E. and SE. by Dallas, and S. by Clarke. Length 60 m., mean width 20. Surface hilly, and soil of a poor quality, except near the streams. Plenty of good pine timber grows here. The valleys pro duce cotton, which is the principal article of trade. Pop. 17,264, of whom 11,902 were slaves. Linden is the seat of just ice. MARENGO, v. Lucas co. 0., on the Maumee river, 2 or 3 m. below Maumee. The inhabitants have commenced rapid im provements, such as wharfs, tavern, houses, &c. &c. MARGALLAWAY, r. which rises in the mountains which separate Canada from Maine, runs southerly, partly in Maine and partly in N. Hampshire, and flows into Um- bagog lake. This is the head branch of the Androscogsin. MARGARETTA'S CREEK, Ohio, runs into the Hockhockinjr, opposite Athens. MARGARETTSVILLE, v. Washington co. Md., 10 m. S. by E. from Elizabelhtown. MARGOT, r. Mississippi, which runs into the Mississippi, Lat. 35 28' N. The ground below its junction with the Missis sippi is elevated and pleasant, and the soil remarkably fertile. MARGUERITE, r. N. America, which runs into lake Michigan, Lon. 85 34' W. Lat. 44 2' N, MARIANA, t. and cap. Jackson co. Flor., situated on Chipola river, 77 m. NW. from Tallahassee. MARIA, r. N. America, which rises in the Rocky Mountains and runs into the Missouri, 54 m. below the Great Falls. MAR 403 MARIANNE ISLANDS, 3 small islands in lake Bors:ne, Mississippi. MARIA'S RIVER, branch of Missouri, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, near Lat. 50 N. Its general coarse is SE. into the Missouri, which it joins about 50 m. below the G/eat Falls. MARIE, r. II., which runs into the Mis sissippi, between the Auvase and the Kas- kaskias. MARIETTA, bor. Lancaster co. Pa., on the E. side of the Susquehannah, 12 m. W. from Lancaster, 3 N. from Columbia, con tains several stores, taverns, various me chanic shops, and is a place of considerable trade. MARIETTA, v. and cap. Washington co. Ohio, on the W. bank of the Ohio river, im mediately above the mouth of the Mus- kingum, 178 m. below Pittsburg, 93 E. by N. from Chillicothe, 109 SE.from Columbus, 61 SE.from Zanesville. It con tains several churches, the public county buildings, 2 printing-offices, a bank, 20 stores, about 200 houses, several mills, 4 tanneries, 2 clothiers, 2 carding machines, a college in high repute, 2 academies, 1 for boys, and 1 for young ladies, &c. &c. It is a beautiful and flourishing place. The people are noted for their industry and sobriety, and the politeness and urbanity of their manners. Ships were formerly built here ; but from some cause the business has been discon tinued. The situation of the town is unfor tunate ; parts of it being liable to annual inundation. Pop. 1,814. MARIEGALANTE, one of the leeward Caribbee islands, in the W. Indies, subject to the French, extending 16 m. from N. to S., and 4 from E. to W. It is full of hills, and along the E. shore are lofty perpendi cular rocks, that shelter vast numbers of tropical birds. It has several large cav erns, with many little streams and ponds of fresh water. It is covered with trees, and particularly abounds with tobacco and the wild cinnamon-tree. It is 30 m. N. of Dominica, and 40 E. of Guadaloupe. Lon. 61 11' W. Lat. 15 52' N. MARIETTA, v. Montgomery co. In., 10 m. E. from Crawfordsville. MARIETTA, v. Spafford ts. Onondaga co. N. Y., 14 m. SW. from Syracuse ; con tains 15 or 20 dwellings. MARINE SETTLEMENT, Madison co. II., between the east and west forks of Sil ver creek, 12m. E. from Edwardsville. It is a beautiful and flourishing: settlement. MARION, t. and cap. Grant co. In., on the Massissineway river, 75 in. NNE. from Indianapolis ; contains the county buildings, several stores, and has some trade. MARION, v. Ripley co. In., 8 m. SW. from Versailles. MARION, v. Shelby co. In., 25 m. SE. of Indianapolis, and 5 from Shelbyville. MARION, co. Ark., a new county. Pop. MARION, co. Illinois, bounded N. by Fayette and Clay, E. by Clay and Wayne, S. by Jefferson, and W. by Clinton and Fay ette cos. It is watered by the E. fork of Kaskaskia r. Crooked creek and the Skillet fork of the Little Wabash, and its tributa ries. This county embraces the southern part of the Grand Prairie, .which constitutes about two-thirds of its surface ; the remain der is timber. The soil, for the most part, is of second rate quality. Salem is the capital. Pop. 4,742. MARION, co. Miso., bounded N. by Lewis, E. by the Mississippi river, S. by Rails co., and W. by Shelby. It is well watered, and the soil generally fertile. Palmyra is the capital. Pop. 9,623, of whom 2,342 were slaves. MARION, v. and cap. Smyth co. Va. ; contains the county buildings, and some 12 or ]5 houses. MARION, co. Miss., bounded by Han cock co. in Miss. SE. Washington parish in La. S. Pike co. W. Covington and Law rence on the N. Chief town, Columbia. Pop. 3,130, of whom 1,709 were slaves. MARION, district, S. C., bounded N. by N. C., E. by Harry, S. by Williarnsburg, and W. by Darlington and Marlborough cos. Pop. 13,932. Chief town, Gilesborough. MARION, co. Geo., bounded N. by Tal- bot, E. by Houston, S. by Sumpter and Stew art, and W. by Muskogee cos. Horry is the seat of justice. Pop. 4,812, of whom 1,070 were slaves. MARION, t. and cap. Twigsjs co. Geo., 37 m. from Milledgevffle and 680 from W. C. MARION, co. Ohio, bounded on the N. by Crawford, E. by Richland, S. by Dela ware and Union cos., and on the W. by Hardin co. It is 33 m. long from E. to W. and 18 broad from N. to S. Chief town, Marion. Pop. 14,765. MARION, v. and cap. Marion co. Ohio, on the road from Columbus to Perry ville, 48 m. NW. from Columbus, and 416 from W. C., and contains the county buildings, 12 or 15 stores, a printing-office, various me chanics, about 100 dwellings, &c. &c. MARION, v. Cole co. Miso., 144 m. W. from St. Louis. MARION C. H., Marion district, S. C., 124 m. a little N. of E. from Columbia. MARION, co. Ken., bounded N. by Washington, E. by Mercer,' S. by Green, and W. by Nelson cos. Lebanon is the county town. Pop. 11,032, of whom 2,612 were slaves. MARION, co. Ten., bounded S. by Ala. and Geo., W. and NW. by Franklin, N. by Bledsoe, and E. by Hamilton and the Chero kee lands; length 32, mean width 18 m. Surface hilly, and in part mountainous. Tennessee river crosses its SE. angle. Chief town, Jasper. Pop. 607, of whom 390 were slaves. MARION, co. Ala., bounded W. by Mon roe co. in Miss, and the Chickasaw lands> N. by Franklin co. in Ala., NE. by Law- 404 MAR rence, and E. by Blount and Jefferson. Length 50 m., mean width 30. Chief town, Pikeville. Pop. 5,847, of whom 753 were slaves. MARION, co. In., bounded N. by Hamil ton, E. by Hancock, S. by Johnson, and W. by Hendricks cos. Chief town, Indianapo lis, the capital of the state. Pop. 16,080. MARION CITY, v. Marion co. Miso., on the Mississippi river, commenced in 1836. It contains 30 or 40 houses, 2 steam saw-mills, several stores, and is a flourish ing place. It is the landing place of most of the merchandise for the country around, and bids fair to become a place of importance. MARION CORNERS, v. Marion ts. Wayne co. N. Y., 12 m. NW. from Lyons. MARKHAM'S SETTLEMENT, Ma- coupin co. II., 12 or 15 m. W. from Carlin- ville. The land is first rate. MARYBOROUGH, v. Hardwick ts. Warren co. N. J., 15 m. NNE. from Belvi- dere, 82 from Trenton and 240 from W. C.; has a Presbyterian church, a cotton manu factory, about 30 dwellings, &c. &c. MARKSVILLE, t. and cap. of Avoyelles parish, La., 240 m. NW. of New Orleans, and about 50 SW. from Natchez, in Miss. MARLBOROUGH, v. Marlborough ts. Stark co. O., 14 m. NE. from Canton, and 130 NE.from Columbus ; lias several stores, various mechanics, 20 or 30 dwellings, &c. MARLBOROUGH, ts. Cheshire co. N. H., 5 m. SE. from Keene, and 55 SW. from Concord. Pop. 831. MARLBOROUGH, ts. Windham co. Vt., 44 m. S. from Windsor. It is a good agri cultural ts. with numerous manufactures. Pop. 1,027. MARLBOROUGH, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 16 m. E. from Worcester, 27 W. from Boston, and 14 SW. from Concord. Its manufactures consist of leather, boots, shoes, straw-bonnets, &c. Pop. 2,101. MARLBOROUGH, ts. Hartford co. Ct., 17 m. SE. from Hartford. It has a cotton factory, a bed of black lead, and a good fish pond. Pop. 713. MARLBOROUGH, t?. and v. Ulster co. N. Y., on the Hudson, 23 m. below Kings ton. The village has 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Quakers, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Methodists, 2 paper mills, 3 wool len factories, and 30 or 40 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,523. MARLBOROUGH. Lower, v. Calvert co. Md., on the Patuxent, 30 m. SW. from An napolis. MARLBOROUGH, Upper, t. and cap. Prince George co. Md., on the Patuxent, 21 m. SW. from Annapolis. MARLBOROUGH, v, Marlborough dis trict, S. C., 94 m. NE. from Columbia. MARLBOROUGH, co. S. C., bounded N. and E. by N. C., SE. by Marion, SW. by Darlington, and W. by Chesterfield cos. Marlborough is the seat of justice. Pop. 8,408, of whom 4,118 were slaves, and 102 free colored. MARLOW, ts. Cheshire co. N. H., 45 m, W. from Concord. It contains nothing of any note. Pop. 831. MARQUETTE, r. Michigan, which runs W. and fall-; into lake Michigan. MARQUETTE, co. Wisconsin, next W. of Fond du Lac co., bounded on the NW. by Fox r. The chief village is Marquette. Pop. 118. MARQUETTE, v. Marquette co. Wis., on the S. side of Puckaway lake. MARQUIS, v. Tippecanoe co. In., 77 m, NW. from Indianapolis. MARQUIS ISLANDS, cluster of small islands in the Florida stream. Lon. 81 30' W. Lat. 24 35' N. MARRATTICK, t. Halifax co. N. C., on the S. bank of the Roanoke, at the foot of the lower falls. It has a pleasant and ad vantageous situation. MARROWBONE, v. Cumberland co, Ken., 128 m. S. of Frankfort. MARS, v. Gnilford co. N. C., 95 m. NW, by W. from Raleish. MARR'S BLUFF, v. Liberty district, S, C., contains 10 or 12 houses. MARSEILLES, v. La Salle co. II., on the N. side Illinois river, at the Grand Rapids,. 8 m. above Ottawa, a flourishing manufac turing village, and increasing rapidly. MARSH ISLAND, isl. Maine, in the Pe- nobscot, 4 m. above Bangor. MARSHALL, co. Ten. Pop. 14,555, of whom 3,075 were slaves. It is a new coun ty ; boundary and county town not given. MARSHALL, co. Wis., bounded N. by Ten., E. by Tippah, S. by Lafayette, and W. by De Soto cos. Holly Springs is the seat of justice. Pop. 17,526, of whom 8,260 were slaves. MARSHALL, co. Virginia, bounded N. by Ohio co., E. by Pennsylvania, S. by Ty ler co., and W. by the Ohio r. The surface is much broken, but the soil is very fertile, especially on the water courses. Pop. 6,937. Elizabeth-town is the seat of justice. MARSHALL, co.N.part of In., bounded N. by St. Joseph, E. by Kosciusko, S. by Fulton, and W. by Stark. Watered chiefly by the Yellow r. and the branches of the Tippeoanoe r. Pop. 1,65L MARSHALL, v. Clark co. II., on the na tional road, and bids fair to become a place of some importance. MARSHALL, v. Marshall ts. Oneida co. N. Y., 16 m. S. from Rome. MARSHALL'S PRAIRIE, Jackson co. II., 14 m. NE. from Brownsville ; the land is rich and increasing in population. MARSHALLSVILLE, or the PRINT WORKS, v. Stockport t. Columbia co. N. Y., on Claverack creek, 5 m. N. by E. from Hudson. MARSHALLSVILLE, v. Baughman ts. Wayne co. O., 100 m. NE. from Columbus, and 14 from Wooster, contains several stores, 25 or 30 dwellings, &c. MARSHALLVILLE, or CUMBER LAND WORKS, v. Maurice Creek ts. MAR 405 Cumberland co. N. J., on Tuckahoe creek, 28 m. SE. from Bridgeton, has several stores, extensive glass works, and 40 or 50 dwell ings. Ship-building is carried on here to some extent. MARSHALLVILLE, v. Anson co. N. C. MARSHALLSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. MARSH ALLTON, v. Chester co. Va. MARSHFIELD, ts. Washington co. Vt., 11 m. ENE. from Montpelier. It produces considerable wool and cattle. Pop. 1,156. MARSHFIELD, ts. Plymouth co. Mass., 15 m. NNW. from Plymouth, 30 SE. from Boston. It has considerable ship-building, 2 cotton mills, an air and cupola furnace, nail factory, and manufactures of sattinet warp. Pop. 1,761. MARSH'S BOG, v. Howell ts. Monmouth co. N. J., 9 m. SE. from Freehold ; has se veral stores and 12 or 15 dwellings. It is a place of considerable business. MARSHY-HOPE, r. Md., which rises in Delaware, and runs SW. into the Nanticoke, 5 m. NE. from Vienna. MARTHA FURNACE, v. Washington ts. Burlington co. N. J., on a branch of Wading river, 4 m. above the head of navi gation. The furnace makes about 800 tons of iron castings annually. The village con tains about 50 houses. MARTHA'S RIVER, r. N. America, which runs into the Missouri, 60 m. above the Yellow-stone. MARTHASVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Miso., 66 m. W. from St. Louis. MARTHA'S VINEYARD, isl. Mass., 8 ra. S. from*Falmouth, 12 WSW. from Nan- tucket, 19m. long, and from 2 to 10 broad. Lon. 70 40' W. Lat. 41 40' N. The great est part of the island is low and level land In some parts the soil is fertile, but a great proportion is unproductive. The trees on the island are small. The principal manu factures are those of wool and salt. The island contains 3 towns, Edgartown, Tis- bury, and Chilmark. MARTIN, co. N. C., bounded by Beaufort SE. Pitt SW. Edgecombe W. Halifax NW. Roanoke river or Bertie N. and Washington E. Length 35 m., mean width about 14. Chief town, Williamston. Pop. 7,637, of whom 8,416 were slaves, and 383 free co lored. .MARTIN, co. In., bounded by Owen and Davies S. Sullivan and Vigo W. Wabash and Delaware NW. and Monroe and Lawrence E. Length 47 m.. width 24. The W. branch of White river runs through this county from NW. to SE. The soil is gene rally very good. Chief town, Mount Plea sant. Pop. 3,875. MARTINICO,oneof the Windward Ca- ribbee islands, in the West Indies, 40 m. in length, and 100 in circumference. There are many hrsfh mountains, covered with trees, as well as several rivers and fertile valleys, but they produce neither wheat nor vines. It produces sugar, cotton, ginger, indigo, chocolate, aloes, pimento, plantains, and other tropical fruits ; and is extremely populous. Some of the ancient inhabitants till remain. It has several safe and com modious harbors, well fortified. Fort St. Pierre, the principal place, is in Lon. 61 20' W. Lat. 14 14' N. MART INSBURG, ts. and v. and cap. Lewis co. N. Y., on Black river, 48 m. NE. from Utica, 144 NW. from Albany, 431 from W. C. Here is a pleasant and nourishing village, which contains a court-house, a jail, a meeting-house, a paper-mill, and other valuable mills. Pop. of ts. 2,272. MARTINSBURG, t. and cap. Berkely co. Va., 8 m. S. of the Potomac, 22 NNE. from Winchester, 71 from W. C. It contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, an Episco pal church, and about 150 houses. It is situ ated in a rich and beautiful country. MARTINSBUHG, v. in the northern part of Bedford co. Pa., 27 miles NNE. from Bedford. MARTTNSBURG, v. Monroe co. Ky., 14 m. from Tompkinsville, and 158 SSW. from Frankfort. MARTINSBURG, v. Knox co. Ohio, 11 m. SE. from Mount Vernon, and 68 NE. from Columbus ; .has a number of stores, 2 high schools, 2 churches, and 80 or 90 dwell ings. MARTINSBURG, v. Green ts. Fayette co. Ohio. MARTINSBURG, v. Washington co. In., 103 m. S. from Indianapolis. MARTIN'S SETTLEMENT, Wayne co. II., on Elm river, 5m. N. from Fairfield, con tains 80 or 90 families. MARTINSVILLE, t. and cap. Morgan co. In., on White river, 30 m. below and SSW. from Indianapolis. It contains the county buildings, several stores, and is a pleasant and flourishing place. MARTINSVILLE, v. Guilford co. N. C., on Haw river, 94 m. NW. by W. from Ra leigh. MARTINSVILLE, v. Clark co. II., on the national road, WSW. from Marshall. MARTINSVILLE, v. Clinton co. O., 8* m. S. from Wilmington, 42 from Cincinnati, and 63 from Columbus ; has several stores, various mechanic shops and 30 or 40 dwell ings. MARTINSVILLE, v. Warren co. Ken., 29m. from Bowling Green, and 113 SW. by W. from Frankfort. MARTINSVILLE, v. Henry co. Va., 20 m. WNW. from Danville. MARYANN FORGE, v. Somerset co. Pa., a small village of 10 or 12 houses. MARY ELLEN, v. Union ts. Warren co. 0., 78 m. from Columbus and 463 from W. C. MARYSVILLE, v. and cap. Union co. 0., 30 m. NW. from Columbus, and 433 from W. C. It contains several stores, a court-houses, jail, about 50 dwellings, and is a flourishing village. MARYLAND, one of the U. S. See page 87. 406 MAR MAT MARYLAND, ts. and v. Otsego co N. Y., 16 m. S. from Cooperstown. The vil lage contains 10 or 15 houses. Pop. of ts. 2,085. MARYLAND POINT, a point formed by a bend in the Potomac, Md., 12 m. SW. from Port Tobacco. MARYSVILLE, t. and cap. Charlotte co. Va., about 34 m. SE. from Lynchburg, 187 from W. C. MARYSVILLE, v. Campbell co. Va., 147 m. from Richmond and 225 from W. C. MARYSVILLE, v. Harrison co. Ken. MARYVILLE, t. and cap. Blount co. Ten., 15 m. S. from Knoxville, 532 from W. C. It contains a court-house, a jail, and a bank, and is a pleasant place. MASCOMY POND, N. H., in Enfield and Lebanon, chiefly in the former. It is 1,250 rods in length, and 250 in breadth. MASCOMY, r. N. H., which runs into the Connecticut, in Lebanon, 7 m. long. MASCONTIN, r. Illinois, which empties into the Wabash, between Vincennes and Fort Harrison. MASCOTJCHE, r. L. C., which falls into the river St. John, about 12 m. before the latter joins the St. Lawrence. MASHPEE, ts. Barnstable co. Mass., 1 1 m. S. from Sandwich, 13 SW. from Barn- stable. It has 2 harbors, Popponesset bay, and Waquiot bay, both of which have bars at their mouths. Pop. 309. MASKELONGE, v. Grant co. Wis., 5 m. NE. from Cassville. MASON'S SETTLEMENT, in the SW. part of Lawrence co. II., 25 m. from Law- renceville, and contains from 80 to 100 fam ilies. MASON, ts. Hillsboroudi co. N. H., 12 m. SW. from Amherst, 42 SSW. from Con cord, and 50 NW. from Boston. It con tains woollen and cotton manufactures and other machinery. Pop. 1,275. MASON, co. NW. side of Va., bounded NE. by Wood co. SE. and S. by Kenhawa co. and W. and NW. by the Ohio, 352 m. from W. C. Chief town, Point Pleasant. Pop. 6,777, of whom 708 were slaves. MASON, co. Ken., bounded by the Ohio river NE. Lewis E. Fleming SE. and S. Nicholas SW. and Bracken W. ; length 18 m., mean width 14. Surface uneven, though there are considerable tracts of excellent soil on streams, particularly the Ohio. Staples, grain, flour, whisky, &c. Chief towns, Washington, and the seat of justice, Mays- ville. Pop. 15,719, of whom 4,309 were slaves, and 272 free colored. MASON HALL, v. Orange co. N. C., 50 m. from Raleigh. MASON'S ISLAND, small isl. in the Po tomac. Lon. 77 13' W. Lat. 39 N. MASONVILLE, ts. Delaware co. N. Y., adjacent to the SE. angle of Chenango co., 26 m. W. from Delhi, 105 from Albany. Pop. 1,420. MASSABESICK POND, N. H., mostly in Chester, but partly in Manchester. It is a beautiful sheet of water, about 3 m. long, containing 1,512 acres. MASSAC CREEK, r. Ken., which runs into the Ohio. Lon. 89 25' W. Lat. 36 47' N. MASSACHUSETTS, State of. See page 54. MASSACHUSETTS BAY, between cape Ann on the N. and cape Cod on the S. MASSACRE ISLAND, Ala., 2 m. E. from Horn island, 10 m. from the main land. MASSASINWAY, r. In., unites with Lit tle river at fort Tecumseh to form the Wa bash. MASSENA, ts. and v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., on the river St. Lawrence, 238 m. NW. from Albany. The village contains 30 or 40 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 3,726. MASSIE'S CREEK, r. Ohio, joins the Little Miami, 4 m. above Xenia. There are falls near its mouth. MASSILLON, v. Starke co. Ohio, on the Ohio canal, 108 m. NE. from Columbus. The water of the canal here is 942 feet above the Atlantic tides ; it has about 20 stores, 15 warehouses, 2 tanneries, a wool len-factory, several churches, a bank, and various other establishments. Pop. between 1,500 and 2,000. MATAMORAS, t. in the state of Tamau- lipes, Mexico, on the Rio del Norte. MATANCHET, t. Mexico, on the Pacific Ocean. Lon. 105 24' W. Lat. 20 45' N. MATANE, r. L. C., which falls into the S. side of the St. Lawrence, near its mouth. MATANZA RIVER, an inlet of the sea on the E. coast of Florida, 20 m. S. from St. Augustine. MATANZAS, t. on the N. coast of Cuba, 60 m. E. from Havanna. It has a large and safe harbor. Lon. 81 30' W. Lat. 23 3' N. Pop. 7,000. MATAOUASCHIE RIVER, r. U. Cana da, runs into the Ottawa river, about the river du Rideau. MATAPEDIACH, lake, L. C., the source of Risligouche river. MATILDA, t. Dundas co. U. Canada, on the St. Lawrence. MATILDA VILLE, v. Fairfax co. Va., at the mouth of Difficult creek, 17 m. above W. C. MATILDAVILLE, v. Parishville ts. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., on Racket river, 9 m. SE. from Parishville; contains a forge, and 10 or 12 dwellings. MATINICUS, isls. Maine, S. of Penob- scot bay. Lon. 68 20' W. Lat. 43 56' N. MATOUCHIN, v. Woodbridge ts. Mid dlesex co. N. J., 4 m. NE. from New Bruns wick, and 198 from W. C., has a Presbyte rian church, 12 or 15 dwellings, &c. It is situated on the N. Y. rail-road. MATTE A WAN, v. Fishkill ts. Dutchess co. N. Y., on Fishkill creek, about a mile from Fishkill landing. A beautiful manu facturing village. It contains three large cot ton-mills, an iron foundcry, and an extensive machine-shop, the number of hands con- MAT MAY 407 nected with these works is about 2,000), 2 handsome churches, one for Presbyterians, and the other for Episcopalians, and from 40 to 50 neat dwellings. MATTALUCK, r. Ct., which at Water- bury takes the name of Naugatuck. MATTAPOISETTS, v. Plymouth co. Mass., 20 m. SSYV. from Plymouth, and 66 a little E. of S. from Boston. MATTAPONY, r. Va., rises in Spottsyl- vania co. and running SE. joins the Pamun- ky at Delaware, to form York river. It ad mits loaded flats to Downer's Bridge, 70 m. above its mouth. MATTHEWS, co. Va., on the W. side of the Chesapeake, and almost surrounded by water. Matthew is the seat of justice. Pop. 7,442, of whom 3,309 were slaves, and 174 free colored. MATTHEWS C. H., Matthews co. Va., 108 m. E. from Richmond. MATTITUCK, v. Southhold ts. Suffolk co. N. Y., on Poconic bay, 8 m. SW. from Southhold, and 85 E. from New York. MAUCHCHUNK, v. Northampton co. Pa., on the right bank of the Lehigh, 30 m. by land above Bethlehem. It is the landing for the coal procured on a mountain of the same name, and contains several stores and hotels, various mechanic shops, and is a flourishing business place. Pop. about 2,000. MAUGERVILLE, t. New Brunswick, in Sunbury co. on St. John's river. MAUKPORT, v. Harrison co. In., on the Ohio river, 152 m. from Indianapolis. MAUMEE, r. rises in Indiana, flows NE. into the NW. angle of Ohio, through which it continues NE. and falls into the extreme SW. extension of lake Erie. About 18 m. above its mouth it is impeded by shoals, oc casioned by a series of ledges of rock, which cross the river for a distance of 18 miles. It is a fine navigable stream above and below these shoals. Its principal branches, which all unite above the shoals, are St. Mary's, St. Joseph's, and Great and Little Auglaize. MAUMEE BAY, is an oval sheet of wa ter, 5 m. long and about 2 wide, and at the mouth of the Maumee river ; it is united to lake Erie by two channels, formed by a small island in the form of a crescent. The western channel has a depth of about 7 feet. MAUMEE CITY, Lucas co. Ohio, on the l?ft bank of Maumee river, above its lower falls, and nearly opposite Fort Meigs. It contains several stores, warehouse*, tav erns, mechanic shops, &c. &c. It bids fair to become a place of much importance. MAUREPAS, lake, La. It is formed by a dilation of the Amite river, and communi cates with lake Ponchartrain by a strait miles in length, called the pass of Manchac. It is of an oval figure, 12 m. by 7. It re ceives from the S. the Acadian creek, from the W. New river and Amite river, and from the N. the Tickoshah. Its depth is about 13 feet, but the pass of Manchac ad mits vessels of 6 feet draft only. MAURICE, r. N. J., which runs into Delaware bay in Cumberland co. It is navi gable 20 m. for vessels of 100 tons. MAURICETOWN, v. Cumberland co. V. J., on Maurice river, 15 m. SE. from Bridgeton, 67 S. from Trenton, and 184 from W. C., has a Methodist church, an acade my, and some 20 or 30 dwellings. MAURY, co. W. Ten., bounded by Giles S. Hickman W. Duck river or Williamson V. Bedford E. Length 35 m., mean width 20, area 700 sq. m. Surface hilly. Soil ex cellent. Staple, cotton. Chief town, Co lumbia, 40 m. SSW. from Nashville. Pop. 28,186, of whom 11,002 were slaves. MAXLIELD, ts. Penobscot co. Me., Ill m. NNW. from Augusta, and 25 NE. from Dover. Pop. 185. MAY, r. S. C., which runs into the At lantic. Lon. 80 55' W. Lat. 32 15' N. MAYFIELD, ts. and v. Montgomery co. N. Y., 40 m. NW. from Albany, and 8 m. NE. from Johnstown. The village con tains some 12 or 15 houses. MAYFIELD, ts. Somerset co. Me., 58 m. N. from Augusta, and 29 NE. from Nor- ridsewock. Pop. 148. MAYFIELD, v. Isle of Wight co. Va., 12 m. N. from Isle of Wight C. H. MAYFIELD, t. and cap. Graves co. Ken., 85 m. SE. from the junction of the Ohio with the Mississippi river, and 277 SW. by W. from Frankfort; contains the county buildings, and some 20 or 30 houses. MAYLICK, a salt sprinsr, in Mason co. Ken., 9 m. SSW. from W. C. MAYO, r. which rises in Va., and runs into the Dan, in N. C. MAY'S LANDING, v. Gloucester co. N. J., at the head of sloop navigation, 73 m. from Trenton, and 181 from W. C. ; has several stores and taverns, a Methodist church, 25 or 30 dwellings, and considera ble trade. MAYSVILLE, t. Mason co. Ken., on the Ohio, 3 m. NE. from Washington, 60 NE. from Lexington, 63 above Cincinnati, 275 m. by land, and 500 by water, below Pitts- burg. It has a fine harbor for boats, and is situated on a narrow bottom on the verge of a chain of high hills. There are three streets running parallel with the river, and four streets crossing them at right angles. This place has the usual number of stores and manufactories. Glass and some other articles are manufactured to a considerable extent. It has a market-horse, court-house, three houses for public worship, and some other public buildings. What has given particular importance to Maysville, is its beins: the principal place of importation for the NE. part of the state. The greater part of the goods for Kentucky from Philadelphia and the eastern cities, are landed here, and distributed hence over the state. It is a thriving, active town, and a number of steam boats have been built here. Pop. 2,741. MAYSVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Chatauque co. N. Y.. at the head of Cha- 408 MAY MED tauque lake, 8 m. from Portland, on lake Erie, 60 SW.. from Buffalo, arid 349 from W. C. It is a delightful situation, contains several churches, an academy, court-house, and other public buildings, and about 100 houses. MAYSVILLE, v. and cap. of Clay co. 11., on the borders of the Twelve Mile Prairie, near the Little Wabash river, con tains the county buildings, several stores and taverns, various mechanic shops, and 20 or 30 dwellings. MAYSVILLE, t. and cap. Buckingham co. Va., on Slate creek, 35 m. NE. from Lynchburg, contains the county buildings, and several stores. MAYTOWN, v. Lancaster co. Pa., 15 m. W. from the city of Lancaster, and 23 from Harrisburg. MEAD, co. Ken., bounded W. and N. by the Ohio river, E. by Hardin, and S. by Breckenridge cos. Brandenburg is the seat of justice. Pop. 5,780, of whom 1,409 were slaves. MEADOW RIVER, r. Maine, which runs into Casco bay. MEADOW RIVER, r. N- America, which runs into lake Huron. Lon. 84 30' W. Lat. 45 38' N. MEADSVILLE, v. Halifax co. Va., at the head of navigation on Banister river, 10 m. NW. from the C. H. MEADVILLE, t. and cap. Crawford co. Pa., on French creek, 25 m. W. from Frank lin, 37 S. from Erie, and 297 from W. C. Lon. 80 11' W. Lat. 41 37' N. The vil lage is very pleasantly situated, regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, a bank, an arsenal, a printing-office, from which is issued a weekly newspaper, a social library, an academy, and a college. Alleghany col lege was founded in this place in 1815; it has a library of 8,000 vols., and is tolerably well endowed. Commencement is on the first Wednesday of July, after which there is a vacation of 6 weeks; there is one other vaca tion from Dec. 25th to Jan; 15th. Pop. 1,319. MEANSVILLE, v. Union district, S. C., contains 10 or 15 houses. MECHANIC, v. in Washington township, Dutchess co. N. Y., 15* m. N. from Pough- keepsie. Here is a Quaker boarding-school. The building is 3 stories high, and accommo dates 100 students; the village contains 25 or 30 houses. MECHANICSBURG, v. Cumberland co. Pa. MECHANICSBURG, v. Champaign co. Ohio, in the township of Goshen, 14 m. E. from Urbanna, 26 NE. from Columbus, con tains several stores, a grist-mill, 30 or 40 dwellings, &c. MECHANICSBURG, v. Hopewell t. York co. Pa., on Deer creek, 15 m. SE. from the boro. of York. It is a place of considerable business. MECHANICSBURG, v. Sangemon co. H., 15 m. E. from Springfield, on the road to Decatur. MECHANICSBURG, v. Carroll co. 0., 10 m. from Carrolton, contains 10 or 12 houses. MECHANICSTOWN, v. Frederick co. Md. MECHANICSVILLE, v. Saratoga co. N. Y., 20 m. from Albany, and 9 from Waterford, on the rail-road and Champlain canal, contains a cotton factory, and about 80 houses. MECHANICSVILLE, v. Darlington dis trict, S. C. MECHANICSVILLE, v. Louisa co. Va., 12 m. above Louisa C. H. MECHANICSVILLE, v. Montgomery co. Md., 8 m. NE. from Rockville, and 30 SW. from Baltimore. MECHANICSVILLE, v. Vanderburg co. In.) 164 m. SSE. from Indianapolis. MECHANICSVILLE, v. La Salle co. II., on the S. side of the Illinois river above Ot tawa. MECHANICSVILLE, v. Dutchess co. N. Y., 15 m. ENE. from Poughkeepsie, contains about 150 inhabitants. MECKLENBURG, v. Hector t. Tomp- kins co. N. Y., 12 m. W. from Ithaca. MECKLENBURG, v. Knox co. Ten., 12 m. S. from Knoxville, and 177 S. of E. from Nashville. MECKLENBURG, co. S. side of Va., bounded N. by Lunenburg co. E. by Bruns wick co. S. by N. C. and W. by Halifax and Charlotte cos Chief town, Boydton. Pop. 20,724, of whom 11,915 were slaves, and 1,055 free colored. MECKLENBURG, co. N. C., bounded by S. C. S. and SW. by Catawba river or Lincoln co. N. C. NW. Iredell N. Cabarras NE. and Anson SE. Length 45 m., mean width 18. Surface rather uneven. Soil near the streams excellent, but in the inter vals sterile. It is drained by several creeks flowing SW. into Catawba river. It pro duces grain, cotton, and tobacco. Chief town, Charlotte, 130 m. SW. by W. from Raleigh. Pop. 18.273, of whom 6,322 were slaves, and 101 free colored. MEDFIELD, ts. Norfolk co. Mass., 18 m. SW. from Boston, and 8 SW. from Ded- ham. It manufactures annually about 120,000 straw-bonnets, the value of which is about $130,000. Pop. 883. MEDFORD, v. Middlesex co. Mass., on the Mystic river, 5 m. NW. of Boston. MEDFORD, v. Burlington co. N. J., 46 m. SE. from Trenton and ^154 from W. C., containing several stores, 40 or 50 dwell ings, &c. MEDFORD, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., on Mystic river, 4 m. N. from Boston. It is a pleasant, handsome, and flourishing town ship, and contains a grammar-school for lads, and a boarding-school for young ladies, and has a number of elegant houses. The river is navisable for vessels of considerable size to this place, where it meets the Middle sex canal. The building of vessels is car ried on here very extensively. It has va rious manufactures. Pop. 2,478. MED MER 409 MEDINA, co. in the N. part of Ohio, bounded on the N. by Cuyahoga, E. by For tage, S. by Wayne, and W. by Huron cos. It is 38 m. long from E. to W. and 20 broad from N. to S-. County seat, Medina. Black and Rocky rivers take their rise in this co. Pop. 18,352. MEDINA, v. and -seat of justice for Me dina co. Ohio, on the sources of the Rocky river, 26 m. SW. from Cleveland, contains the court-house, jail, a number of stores, va rious mechanics, and is a flourishing place. Pop. 635. MEDINA, v. Ridgeway ts. Orleans co. N. Y., 10 m. W. from Albion. It has sev eral dry-goods stores, taverns and manufac turing establishments, 4 churches, high school for boys and a seminary for ladies, and about 275 dwellings, many of which are very neat. MED WAY, ts. Norfolk co. Mass., about 25 m. SW. from Boston, and about the same distance NE. from Providence, R. I., and contains 6 cotton and 2 woollen-mills, 2 cot ton wadding factories, a bell foundery, and various other manufactures of less note. Pop. 2,430. MEESVILLE, v. Roane co. Ten., 153 m. E. from Nashville. MEHERRIN, r. which rises in Virginia, and running into N. Carolina, unites with the Nottaway, 7 m. below the line, to form the C ho wan river. MEIGS, co. Ohio, bounded E. andSE. by Ohio river, S. by Gallia and Athens, and N. by Athens. Length 30 m., breadth very un equal, from 12 to 22. Surface broken, though some of the soil is very good. Pop. 11,452. Chief town, Salisbury. MEIGS, co. Ten., in the eastern district, a new co. not yet organized. Pop. 4,794, of whom 284 were slaves. MEIGSVILLE, v. Randolph co. Va., 317 m. NW. from Richmond. MEIGSVILLE, v. Jackson co. Ten., 84 m. NE. by E. from Nashville. MELBOURNE, t. Buckingham co. L. C., on the St. Francis river, 50 m. S. by E. from Three Rivers. MELMORE, v. Eden ts. Seneca co. Ohio, 80 m. N. from Columbus. It is a thriving village. MELROSE, v. Clark co. H., 12 m. SW. from Darwin, and contains 20 or 30 families. MELVILLE ISLAND, the largest of the New Georgia islands, 135 m. long and 40 or 50 broad, in the Polar sea, discovered by Capt. Parry. In Hecla and Griper's bay, on the S. side of the island, the expedition under the Captain wintered in 1819-1820. Cape Dundas, the W. point, is in Lon. 113 57' 35" W. Lat. 72 27' 50" N. MELTONSVILLE, v. Anson co. N. C., 132 m. SW. from Raleish. MEMPHIS, v. and cap. Shelby co. Ten., on the Mississippi river. It is situated on the site of old Fort Pickering, and at the mouth of Loosahatchie river on the Ohio ; contains the county buildings, several stores, B 2 various mechanic shops, and is a pleasant and flourishing town. Pop. about 2,000. MEMPHREMAGOG, lake, America, the greater part of which belongs to Canada, and the rest to the state of Vermont. It is 35 m. long, and 3 broad. It communicates with the St. Lawrence, by the river St. Fran cis, and receives the waters of Black, Bar ton, and Clyde rivers, which rise in Ver mont, MENAN, Little, isl. Me., with a light house, 2 m. SSE from Goldsborough. MEN ARD, co. II., a new county, bounda ry and county town not given. Pop. 4,431. MENDALA, v.' Grant co. Wisconsin. MENDHAM, v. Morris co. N. J., 6m. W. from Morristown, and 55 from Trenton, has a Presbyterian church, a boarding school in high repute, several stores, and about 50 dwellings. MENDON, ts. Worcester co. Mass., E. from the Pawtucket, 19 m. SE. from Worces ter, 36 SW. from Boston. It borders on Rhode Island, and is watered by Charles and Mil rivers, and contains 8 cotton and 4 woollen-mills, and manufactures of ploughs, straw-bonnets, machinery, &c. &c. Pop. 3,524. MENDON, ts. and v. Monroe co. N. Y., NW, from Canandaigua, 209 m. NW. from Albany ; the village contains some 25 or 30 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 3,435. MENOMINIE, r. Wis., runs into Green bay, 60 m. NE. from Fort Howard. It ad- mils vessels drawing 6 or 7 feet water, and canoes ascend 60 leagues. MENNOMONIE, v. Brown co. Wis., on Fox river, a little above Green bay. MENTOS, t. La., on the Arkansas, 150 m. SW. from New Madrid. Lon. 92 40' W. Lat 35 27' N. MENTZ, ts. Cayuga co. N. Y., on the Erie canal, 12 m. NW. from Auburn. In this township are the villages of Montezuma, Port Byron, and Troopville. Pop. of ts. 4,215. MEQUANEGO, v. Milwaukee co. Wis consin. MERCER, co. II., bounded N. by Rock Island, E. by Henry and Knox, S. by War ren, and W. by the Mississippi river. Ed ward's and Pope's rivers and the north fork of Henderson's are the streams which water this county. Along the Mississippi and the borders of the water courses there is an abundance of excellent timber ; the middle and eastern portions have extensive fertile prairies. Mercer is the capital. Pop. 2,352. MERCER, co. N. J., bounded N. by Hunterdon and Somerset, E. by Middlesex and Monmouth, S. by Burlington co., W. by Delaware river. Trenton is the capital. Pop. 2J,502. MERCER, ts. Somerset co. Me.,-11 m. W. from Norridgewock, and 20 NW. from Au2iista. Pop. 1,432. , MERCER, co. Pa., bounded N. by Craw ford co. E. by Venango co. S. by Beaver co. 410 MER-MES and W. by Ohio. Chief town, Mercer. Pop. 32,873. MERCER, bor. and seat of justice, Mer cer co. Pa., on the W. side of Neshanoc creek, 57 m. a little W. of N. from Pitts- burs, 267 from W. C. Pop. 781. MERCER, co. Va., bounded N. by Fay- ette, W. by Monroe, S. by Tazewell, and W. by Logan cos. County seat uncertain. Pop. 2,233. MERCER, co. Ken., bounded by Lincoln SE. Casey S. Washington W. Franklin N. Kentucky river or Woodford and Jessamine NE. and Garrard or Dick's river E. Length 26 m., mean width 14. Pop. 18,720/of whom 5,286 were slaves, and 373 free colored. Chief town, Harrodsburg. MERCER, co. 0., bounded W. by In., N. by Vauwert, E. by Allen and Shelby, and S. by Darke. Length 25 m., breadth 24. Pop. 8,277. St. Mary's is the seat of justice. MERCERSBURG, boro. Montgomery ts. Franklin co. Pa., on the road from Green- castle to M'Connellsburg, 15 m. SW. from Chambersburg, contains several stores, tav erns, various mechanic shops, and has some trade. MERCERVILLE, v. Edgecombe co. N. C., 47 m. E. from Raleigh, is a pleasant vil lage of some 10 or 15 houses. MEREDITH, ts. Beiknap co. N. H., on W. side of lake Winnipiseogee, 29 m. N. from Concord, 63 NW. from Portsmouth. The township contains a nail manufactory, 2 distilleries, 4 houses of public worship, 2 cotton mills, an oil mill, &c. Pop. 3,351. MEREDITH, t. Delaware co. N. Y., 8m. N. from Delhi, 66 W. from Catskill, 69 SW. from Albany. Pop. 1,655. MEREDOSIA, v. Morgan co. II., on the W. side of Illinois river, 6 m. above Naples. It is a place of considerable business, and contains 75 or 80 families. MERIDA, city, Mexico, cap. of the pro vince of Yucatan, 70 m. NE. from Cam- peachy. Pop. 10,000. MERIDEN, ts. New Haven co. Ct., 17 m. N. from New Haven, and 17 S. from Hart- ford. It contains 3 churches, 1 for Congre- gationalists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Baptists. Here are several manufactories of tin ware, 2 for patent augers and auger bits, 3 for ivory combs, 4 for Britannia ware, 2 iron founderies, a manufactory for coffee mills, 1 for clocks, 1 for door latches, 3 for block-tin spoons, 1 for wood combs, 1 for skates and iron rakes, and 1 for gridirons. Annual value from 800,000 to 1,000,000 dol lars. Pop. 1,880. MERIDIAN, v. Madison co. Missouri. MERIDIAN SPRINGS, v. Hinds co. Miss., 31 m. SW. of Jackson, the capital of the state, and 65 NE. from Natchez. MERIDIANVILLE,v. Madison co. Ala., 8 m. N. from Huntsville. MERIT, v. Wayne co. N. C., 75 m. SE. from Raleigh. MERMENTAU, Mexicana, or Mentou, r.. La., which after a S. course of 200 m. falls into the gulf of Mexico, 200 m. W. of the Mississippi. In the lower part of its course, it expands into a spacious lake, and again contracts to a small river. MEROM, t. and cap. Sullivan co. In., on the E. side of the Wabash, 35 m. above Vincennes. Its situation is elevated, com manding a view of the prairie country for 30 m. It is 688 m. from W. C., and 115 from Indianapolis. MERRIMACK, r. N.H., formed by the union of the Pemigewasset and the Winni piseogee. It rises in Grafton co. and runs in a SE. direction through the state. It then enters Massachusetts, makes a turn to the NE. and empties into the Atlantic Ocean be low Newburyport. It is navigable to Haver- hill. The Middlesex canal connects this river with Boston harbor, and, by means of various improvements around the rapids and falls of the river, the navigation is now ex tended as Irish up as Concord. MERRIMACK, r. of Miso., rises in Franklin co., flows NE. through Franklin, and separating Jefferson from St. Louis, falls into the Mississippi, 5 m. below the town of St. Louis. MERRIMACK, co. N. H., formed from the towns adjacent to, and including the state capital, Concord ; bounded N. by Grafton and Strafford, E. by Rockingham, S. by Hillsborough, and W. by Sullivan cos* It contains an area of 506,000 acres. Pop. 36,253. MERRIMACK, ts. Hillsborough co. N. H., 6 m. E. from Amherst, and 27 S. from Concord ; watered by the Merrimack, which opens a water communication from this place to Boston. Pop. 1,114. MERRITSTOWN, v. Fayette co. Pa., 194 m. from Harrisburg, contains 15 or 20 houses. MERRITTSVILLE, v. Greenville dis trict, S. C., at the foot of Blue Ridge, 40 m. SW. from Rutherfordton, and 122 NW. from Columbia. MERRIWETHER, co. Geo., bounded by Coweta co. N. Flint river E. Talbot SE. Harris SW. and Troup co.W. Greenville is the capital. Pop. 14,132, of whom 5,391 were slaves. MERRYMEETING BAY, Me., is form ed by the junction of the Kennebeck and Androscoggin rivers, 20 m. from the sea. MERRYMEETING BAY, N. H., the SE. arm of lake Winnipiseogee, extending about 5 m. in the township of Alton. MERSEA, t. Essex co. U. C., on lake Erie. MERUVAIS, r. Wis. Territory, runs into lake Superior. It interlocks with the St. Croix, a water of the Mississippi. MESOPOTAMIA, pts. Trumbull co. 0., 16 m. NW. from Warren, and 170 NE. from Columbus. MESQUITAL, t. Mexico, 18 m. NE. from Guadalaxara. MESSENGER'S HOLLOW, v. Allegha- ny co. N. Y., 18 m. N. from Angelica. MES MIC 411 MESSER GROVE, v. Iowa co. Wiscon sin. MET A, r. Arkansas, which traverses the whole length of the Great Prairie, and empties into the N. side of Arkansas river, several miles above the post of Arkansas. METCALFBOROUGH, v. Franklin co. Ten. METHUEN, ts. Essex co. Mass., 26 m. N. from Boston, and 10 from Lowell. The village is on Spicket river. About 200,000 pairs of shoes are annually manufactured here. On the river are a number of valuable cotton manufactories, 2 paper-mills, and manufactures of leather, chaises, piano-forte frames, c. &c. ; annual value about $450,000. Pop. 2,251. MEXICALTZINCO, t.'Mexico, 6 m. SE. from Mexico. MEXICO, Republic of. See page 159. MEXICO, City of, capital of the republic of the same name, is situated in Lat. 19 26' N. Lon. from W. C. 22 5' W. on or near the W. shore of the lake Tezcuco, and in the central part of the valley of Tenochtillan, and also, nearly at mid-distance between Vera Cruz and Acapulco. The site of Mexico is elevated 7,470 feet above the ocean. The ancient city was divided into four quarters, Teopan or Xochimilco, Atza- cualco, Moyotla, and Creepopan, and the old limits are preserved in St. Paul, St. Sebastian, St. John, and St. Mary. The present streets have for the most part the same direction with the old ones, running from N. to S. and from E. to W. But what gives the new city a peculiar and distinctive character, is, that it is situated entirely on the continent, between the extremities of the two lakes of Tezcuco and Xochimilco, and that it only receives by navigable canals the fresh water of the Xochimilco. A canal, dug at a prodigious expense, under the mountains, contributes to drain it. The houses are built on piles, as the ground is by no means firm. The streets, though wide, are badly paved. The houses in this strange and rich vale on the summits of mountains, are as magnificent and unique, as the position. They are spacious, and built of porphyry and amygdaloid. Many of the palaces and private mansions have an imposing show, and glitter with metallic riches. The cathedral is, perhaps, the richest in the world. Altars, candlesticks and images of the saints are of colossal size, and solid silver, and ornamented with pre cious stones. Palaces, mansions of great families, beautiful fountains and extensive squares, adorn the interior of this city. Near the suburbs, to the north, is the ala- meda, or chief promenade. Round this walk flows a rivulet forming a fine square, in the centre of which is a fountain, with a basin. Eight alleys of trees terminate here, in the form of an altar. The detestable Inquisition, finally abolished by the ex- emperor Iturbide, was near this square. This superb city is inhabited by 160,000 people, and is the centre of more scientific establishments than any other Spanish town in America. MEXICO, Gulf of, a large bay or gulf of the Atlantic, extending from the coast of Florida to Yucatan, about 600 m., and from Cuba to the coast of Mexico, about 700. MEXICO, ts. Oxford co. Me., 47 m. WN W. from Augusta, and 20 N. from Paris. Pop. 447. MEXICO, ts. and v. Oswego co. N. Y., on Mexico bay, in lake Ontario, 13 m. E. from Oswego, 154 m. W. from Albany ; soil of an excellent quality. The village on Salmon river, 6 m. from its mouth, and 10 SW. of Pulaski, contains some 40 or 50 houses. MEXICO, v. NE. part of Montgomery co. In., has some 15 or 20 houses. MEXICO, v. Washington co. Miss., on the Mississippi river, 90 in. above Natchez, MEXTITLAN, t. Mexico, 95 m. ENE. from Mexico. Lon. 98 2' W. Lat. 20 37' N. MEXUS, v. Mifflin co. Pa., on the Juniata river and state canal, 16 m. E. from Lewis- town. MIAMI, co. In., bounded on the N. by Kosciusko, E. by Wabash, S. by lands not laid out, and W. by Cass and Fulton. The Wabash and Eel rivers pass through it, besides which it is watered on the south by the Mississineway river and Pike creek. Peru is the seat of justice. Pop. 348. MIAMI, r. Ohio, which, after a course of 100 miles, enters the Ohio near the south west corner of the state. It is navigable 75 miles. There is a portage of only 5 miles between its head waters and the Auglaize, a river of lake Erie. MIAMI, Little, r. Ohio, which joins Ohio river, 7 m. above Cincinnati. In Green co. there are remarkable falls in the river. It is one of the best mill-streams in the state. MIAMI, co. Ohio, bounded on the N. by Shelby, E. by Champaign and Clarke cos., S. by Montgomery, and W. by Darke co. It is 21 m. in extent from N. to S. by 20 from E. to W. Chief town, Troy. Pop. 19,688. MIAMI, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, 15 m, above the mouth of Great Miami river, and 16 W. from Cincinnati, contains several stores, a large flouring-mill, a distillery, various mechanic shops, and 40 or 50 dwell ings. MIAMI'S BERG, v. Montgomery co. Ohio, 12 m. S. from Dayton, and 80 from Columbus ; has a cotton factory, an iron foundery, a brass foundery, various mills, 10 or 15 'stores, 3 warehouses, several churches, a market-house, a tannery, about 40 mechanic shops, 150 dwellings, and is a place of much business. MIAMISPORT, v. Miami co. In., on the Wabash, 18 m. E. from Loffansport. MICCO, t. and cap. Hamilton co. Florida, 90 m. N. of E. from Tallahassee, and 3 from the state of Georgia.. MIC MID MICHAELS, v. Madison co. Miso., 30 m. SW. from Genevieve. MICHIGAN CITY, t. La Porte co. In., on lake Michigan, 12 m. WNW. from La Porte, contains several stores, various me chanic shops, an academy, a bank, and is a pleasant place, and of increasing import ance. MICHIGAN, State. See p. 151. MICHIGAN TOWN, v. Clinton co. In., on Douglas creek, 7 m. NE. from Frank fort. MICHILLIMACKINACK,co. Michigan, in the northern part of the state. Mackinack is the seat of justice. Pop. 9,716. MICHILLIMACKINACK, a broad river or strait, which connects lake Huron to lake Michigan. It is 6 m. wide, and 20 or 30 Ion?. MICHILLIMACKINACK, Little, r. II., which runs NW. into the Illinois, 13 m. be low the Illinois lake. It is about 170 m. Ion?, and navisrable for boats 90. MICHILLIMACKINACK, or Macki nack, isl. and fort, situated in the straits, or river Michillimackinack, 200 m. NNW. from Detroit. Lon. 84 30' W. Lat. 45 33' N. This fort is composed of a strong stock ade, is neatly built, and exhibits a beautiful appearance from the water. The ground on which it stands is 150 feet above the lake, and 100 yards from the shore. The village near the fort contains a Roman Ca tholic church, the county buidings, and is a place of some importance. MICHISCOUI, r. which rises in Canada, runs through the NW. part of Vermont, and flows into lake Champlain, at Michiscoui bay, in Highgate. MIDDLEBOROUGH, ts. Plymouth co. Mass., 10 m. W. from Plymouth, 39 S. from Boston. This is a large township, and con tains a rolling and slitting-mill, a shovel manufactory, 2 forges, 2 furnaces, 2 cotton manufactories, a town-house, an academy, and several houses of public worship for Congregational ists and Baptists, a nail fac tory, and manufactures of leather, shovels, spades, tacks, straw-bonnets, and various other articles ; annual value about $200,000. Pop. 5,085. MIDDLEBOURN, t. and cap. Tyler co. Va., on Middle Island creek, 45 m. W. of S. from Wheeling, 258 W. from W. C. It contains the usual county buildings, an acade my, and is a pleasant and flourishing village. MIDDLEBROOK, v. Edgefield dist. S. C., 98 m. W. from Columbia. MIDDLEBROOK, t. Augusta co. Va., 1 1 m. SW. from Staunton, contains some 15 or 20 dwellings. MIDDLEBROOK MILLS, v. Montgome ry co. Md., a small village of. 10 or 15 houses. MIDDLEBTJRG, ts. and v. Schoharie co. N. Y., 10 m. S. from Schoharie, 35 W. from Albany. The village on the Schoharie kill, 5 m. above Schoharie court-house, contains several stores, 2 churches, several mills, a furnace for casting iron, and about 50 houses. Huntersland and Franklinton are also in this ts. Pop. 3,843. MIDDLEBURG, v. Loudon co. Va., 32 m. SE. from Winchester, 143 from Richmond, and 46 from W. C., contains 15 or 20 dwellinffs. MIDDLEBURG,t. Frederick co. Md., 15 m. NE. from Fredericktown, 94 from Annapolis, has a church and about 20 houses. MIDDLEBURG, v. Union co. Pa., on Middle creek, 15m. W. of Sunbury, and 52 from Harrisburar, contains about 25 houses, MIDDLEBURG, v. Logan co. O., on the state road from Columbus to Bellefontaine, 45 m. from the former, contains several stores, various mechanic shops, a printing- office, several churches, 40 or 50 dwelling- houses, and improving rapidly, MIDDLEBURG, v. Hardiman co. Ten., 165 m. from Nashville, and 856 from W. C., contains 12 or 15 houses. MIDDLEBURY, ts. Genesee co. N. Y., 248 m. W. from Albany, and 14 SE. from Batavia. Wyoming village is in this town ship. Pop. 2,331. MIDDLEBURY, ts. and cap. Addison co. Vt., on both sides of Otter creek; 11 m. SE. from Versrennes, 31 S. from Burlington, 32 N. from Rutland, 51 SW. from Montpe- lier. Distance from W. C. 483 m. It is the seat of various important manufactures, es pecially of marble. Besides the usual coun ty buildings, it contains two flourishing academies, one for each sex, several church es, and Middlebury College, the most con siderable seminary of learning in the state. It has a president and 5 professors 1 of law, 1 of mathematics and natural philosophy, 1 of theology, 1 of languages, and 1 of chem istry, and 2 tutors. The number of stu dents ranges from 80 to 100. The total number of those who have been educated at this seminary, and have received the degree of A. B., in 1830, was 495, of whom 193 had devoted themselves to the Christian minis try. The libraries contain 4,168 volumes. The commencement is held on the third Wednesday in August. There are three va cations; one from commencement, 4 weeks; one from the first Wednesday in January, 7 weeks ; and the other from the third Wednes day in May, 2 weeks. Pop. 3,162. MIDDLEBURY, v. Portage co. O., 187 m. NE. from Columbus, contains 8 or 10 stores, 2 large flouring mills, a manufactory for carding machines, 2 wool-carding and cloth-dressing mills, a sash factory, 2 tanne ries, from 80 to 100 dwellings., and various other establishments. MIDDLEBURY, ts. New Haven co. Ct., 22 m. NW. from New Haven, and 36 SW. from Hartford, contains a satinet factory, and other machinery. Population, 761. MIDDLE CREEK, r. Northumberland co. Pa., which runs E. into the Susquehan- nah, 8 miles below Sunbury. MID 413 MTDDLEFIELD, ts. Hampshire co. Mass., 24 m. W. from Northampton, 110 from Boston. It contains 2 woollen-mills, 2 tanneries, &c. Pop. 1,717. MIDDLE FIELD, ts. and v. Otsego co. N. Y., 3 m. E. from Cooperstown, 35 SE. from Utica, 63 W. from Albany, surface hilly. The village contains about 30 houses, and is 5 m. from Cooperstown. Pop. of ts. 3,319. MIDDLEFIELD, v. Batavia ts. Geauga co. O., 165 m. NE. from Columbus, and contains 15 or 20 dwellings. MIDDLEFORD, v. Sussex co. Del., on Nanticoke river, 54 m. S. of Dover, and 12 W. of Georgetown. MIDDLE FORK SETTLEMENT, Jef ferson co. II., between Mt. Vernon and Lonar Prairie. MIDDLE FORK, r. Madison co. Ken., which unites with the river Kentucky. MIDDLE GRANVILLE, v. Hampshire co. Mass. MIDDLE GROVE, settlement on the N. side of Fulton co. II., on the road from Can ton to Knoxville. MIDDLE HADDAM, v. Middlesex co. Ct., on E. side of the Connecticut, in the township of East Haddam. MIDDLE ISLAND CREEK, r. Va., which runs into the Ohio. MIDDLE LISTER, small island in lake Erie, lying NW. from the Bass islands. It is one of the three called Middle, East, and West Lister, thoagh bearing from each other NE. and SW. MIDDLEPORT, v. Royalton ts. Niagara co. N. Y., on the canal 12 m. from Lock- port ; contains several stores and about 50 houses. MIDDLEPORT, v. Schuylkill co. Pa., 6 m. from Port Carbon, and 74 NE. from Har- risburg ; contains several stores and some 20 or 30 houses. MIDDLE RIVER, r. Md., which runs into the Chesapeake, SW. of Gunpowder river. MIDDLESEX, ts. Washington co. Vt., on Union river, 5 m. NW. .from Montpelier. It has numerous manufacturing concerns. Pop. 1,270. MIDDLESEX, co. Mass., bounded N. by Hillsborough co. in N. H., NE. by Essex co. in Mass., SE. by Suffolk, Norfolk, and Bos ton harbor, and SW. and W. by Worcester; length 40 m., mean width 20. Chief towns, Cambrilge and Charlestown. It contains 40 cotton and 20 woollen -factories, 16 paper- mills, 4 card-factories, 11 slitting-mills and mill-machines, 9 iron-works, and a glass- factory. Pop. 108,611. MIDDLESEX CANAL, Mass., is wholly within the county of Middlesex, and connects Boston harbor with Merrimack river. See pase 55. MIDDLESEX, co. Ct., bounded by Long Island sound SE. by New Haven SW. Hart ford NW. and N. and New London E. Length 28 m., mean width 12. Connecti- ! cut river intersects it, and separates it into ' two sections. Chief town, Middletown. It contains numerous manufactures, and the shad fishery gives employment to many of its inhabitants. Pop. 24,879. MIDDLESEX, co. N. J., bounded E. by Staten Island Kills and Raritan bay, SE by Monmouth co., SW. by Mercer, W. by Somerset, and N. by Essex. Length 32 m., mean width 11. Chief town, New Bruns wick. Pop. 21,893. MIDDLESEX, co. Va., bounded SE. by Chesapeake bay, SW. by Piankatank river or Gloucester and King and Queen cos. NW. by Essex, and NE. by Rappahannock river. Length 35 m., mean width 6. Chief town, Urbanna. Pop. 4,392, of whom 2,209 were slaves, and 142 free colored. MIDDLESEX, v. Middleton ts. Cumber- land co. Pa., 5 m. from Carlisle, has some 15 or 20 houses. MIDDLE STATES, that part of the U. S. lying between the Hudson and the Poto mac rivers; viz. the states of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland. MIDDLETON, ts. Strafford co. N. H., 48 m. NE. from Concord, and 25 NW. from Dover, and has a rocky soil. Pop. 482. MIDDLETON, ts. Essex co. Mass., 9 m. NW. from Salem, 28 from Boston, and con tains a large paper-mill. Pop. 657. MIDDLETON, v. Moon ts. Alleghany co. Pa., on the Ohio river, 10 m. below Pitts- burg, is a flourishing village of some 15 or 20 nouses. MIDDLETON, v. Tippecanoe co. In., on Flint creek, 73 m. from Indianapolis, and 646 from W. C., has about 30 houses, and several stores. MIDDLETOWN, v. Monongalia co. Va., on the Monongahela river, 18 m. SW. from Morgantown. MIDDLETOWN, v. Armstrong co. Pa., 12 m. from Kittanning, and the same distance from the borough of Indiana. MIDDLETOWN, v. Frederick co. Md., 8 m. NW. by W. from Frederick, and 17 SSE. from Hagerstown. MIDDLETOWN, v. Guernsey co. Ohio, 6 rn. E. from Washington, and 97 E. from Columbus, contains several stores, mechanic shops, and from 40 to 50 dwellings. MIDDLETOWN, v. in the E. part of Hyde co. N. C., 158 m. E. of Raleigh, a small but pleasant village. MIDDLETOWN, v. Butler co. Ala., 165 m. SSE. from Tuscaloosa. MIDDLETOWN, v. Jefferson co. Ken., 11 m. a little N. of E. from Louisville, and 44 a little N. of W. from Frankfort. It con tains several stores, and is a pleasant place. MIDDLETOWN, v. Henry co. In., on the national road, 38 m. SE. from Indianapolis, contains several stores, and is a pleasant and flourishing place of 20 or 30 houses. MIDDLETOWN, v. Shelby co. In., 8 m. SE. from Shelbyville. MIDDLETOWN, v. in the S. part of Vi- 414. MID MIF go co. In., 14 m. S. by W. from Terre Haute, contains about 30 houses and increas ing in population. MIDDLETOWN, v. Washington co. In., llm. E. by N. from Salem. MIDDLETOWN, v. in the NE. part of Owen co. In. MIDDLETOWN, v. Sandusky ts. and co. Ohio, and contains 15 or 20 families. MIDDLETOWN, v. Radnor ts. Delaware co. Ohio, has 12 or 15 houses. MIDDLETOWN, v. Salt Creek ts. Holmes co. Ohio, and has 15 or 20 houses. MIDDLETOWN, v. Sangemon co. II., between the timber of Salt Creek and Irish Grove, a small village of some 12 or 15 families. MIDDLETOWN, v. Montgomery co. In., 10 m. W. by N. from Crawfordsville, a pleas ant and increasing village of some 15 or 20 houses. MIDDLETOWN, v. Rockland co. N. Y., 6 m. from Slote Landing on the Hudson, contains 12 or 15 houses. MIDDLETOWN, ts. Rutland co. Vt., 52 m. N. from Bennington, and 14 SW. from Rutland, and has a woollen factory, marble factory, and other manufactures. Pop. 1,057. MIDDLETOWN, ts. Newport, R. I., 2 m. NE. from Newport, 28 SE. from Provi dence. The inhabitants are generally em ployed in cultivating the soil. Pop. 891. MIDDLETOWN, city, port of entry, and cap. of Middlesex co. Ct., is pleasantly sit uated on the W. bank of the Connecticut river, 31m. from its mouth, 14 S. from Hart ford, 25 NNE. from New Haven, 325 from W. C. It is a pleasant and flourishing town, and has considerable trade and manu factures of cotton, woollen, swords, rifles, &c. Two miles from the city there is a lead-mine. The public buildings are a court-house, jail, custom-house, 2 banks, several churches, a college in high repute, with a library of about 10,000 volumes, a cabinet of minerals, &c. &c. Pop. 7,210. MIDDLETOWN, ts. Delaware co. N. Y., 15 m. SE. from Delhi, 73 SW. from Albany, surface mountainous, yet much of the level is arable and productive. Pop. 2,608. MIDDLETOWN, v. Orange co. N. Y., 7 m. NVV. of Goshen, has several stores and about 75 houses. MIDDLETOWN, v. Monmouth co. N. J., S. of Raritan bay, 11 m. NW. from Shrews bury, 30 SW. from N. York. It contains an academy, and 3 houses of public worship, several stores, and 25 or 30 dwellings. MIDDLETOWN, v. Fayette co. Pa., 10 m. E. from Brownsville, and 6 N. from Uniontown, contains 15 or 20 dwellings. MIDDLETOWN, Sullivan co. Ten., 331 m. from Nashville, and contains 10 or 12 houses. MIDDLETOWN. v. Washington co. Pa., on a branch of Cross creek, 12 m. NW. from Washington, is a flourishing village of some 15 or 20 houses. MIDDLETOWN, v. Newcastle co. Del.* 21 m. SSW. from Wilmington, contains 2 stores and 15 or 20 dwellings. MIDDLETOWN, v. Dauphin co. Pa., on the point above the junction of Swetara creek with the Susquehannah river, 9 m. below Harrisburg, and 27 NW. from Lancaster. It is an ancient village, chiefly inhabited by Germans, contains several stores, and about 25 houses. MIDDLETOWN, v. Frederick co. Va.,on Cedar creek, 14 m. SW. from Winchester, has some 10 or 15 houses. MIDDLETOWN, v. Jefferson co. Ken., 11 m. a little N. from E. Louisville, con tains some 15 or 20 houses. MIDDLETOWN, v. Butler co. Ohio, on the E. side of the Miami river, 6 m. be low Franklin, 14 above Hamilton, and 86 SW. from Columbus. The Miami canal runs through this place. It contains 8 or 10 stores, a woollen factory, 2 large pork-hou ses, several groceries, a high" school with about 100 students, 800 or 900 inhabitants, &c. &c. MIDDLETOWN, v. Saratoga co. N. Y., 3 m. NW. from Waterford, and 14 N. from Albany. MIDDLETOWN POINT, v. Monmouth co. N. J., on a small creek that runs into Raritan bay, 14 m. NW. from Shrewsbury, and 47 NE. from Trenton; contains 10 or 12 stores, several taverns, a bank, and from 80 to 100 dwellings. , MIDDLETOWN UPPER HOUSES, v. Middlesex co. Ct., immediately adjoining Middletown. MIDDLE VILLE, v. Herkimer co. N. Y., 90 m. NW. by W. from Albany, on West Canada creek, has a cotton factory, several other mills, and about 70 houses. MIDDLEWAY, v. Jefferson co. Va., 35 m. NW. from W. C. MIDLAND, co. Michigan, bounded N. by Arena, E. by Saginaw, S. by Gratiot, and W. by Isabella cos. ; not yet organized. MIDWAY, v. western part of Caldwell co. Ken., 216 m. SW. by W. from Frank fort. MIDWAY, v. Culpeper co. Va., 81 m. SW. by W. from Washington. MIDWAY, v. Spencer co. In., 10 m. NW. from Rockport. MID WAY, v. Range ts. Madison co. O., 33 m. SW. from Columbus, has several stores and mechanic > shops, 15 or 20 dwell ings, and increasing in population. MIDWAY, v. CaUaway co. Miso., 2 m. S. from Fulton. MIDWAY, settlement, Liberty co. Geo., 30 m. S. from Savannah, 9 W. from Sunbu- ry. Its first settlers were from Dorchester, Mass. Here is a handsome Congregational church. MIER'S SETTLEMENT, Bond co. II., 2 m. S. from Greenville, on the W. side of Beaver creek. MIFFLIN, t. and cap. Juniata co. Pa., situated on the E. side of Juniata r., 12 m. MIF MIL 415 SE. from Lewistown, and 43 NW. from Harrisburg; contains the county buildings, several stores, an academy, and 3 or 4 churches. Pop. 500. MIFFLIN, v. Henderson co. Ten., in the SE. part of the co., 143 m. SW. by W. from Nashville. MIFFLIN, co. Pa., bounded N. by Cen tre, E. by Union, S. by Juniata, and W. by Huntingdon cos. Lewistown is the seat of Justice. Pop. 13,092. MIFFLIN, pts. Richland co. Ohio, 6 m. E. from Mansfield, and 8 NE. from Colum bus. MIFFLINSBURG, boro. Union co. Pa., on Buffalo creek, 5 m. NW. from New Ber lin, 65 W. of N. from Harrisbursr. MIFFLINSBURG, v. Columbia co. Pa., on the left bank of Susiuehannah river, 17 m. ENE. from Danville, and 80 from Har- risburg. MILAN, ts. Dutchess co. N. Y., 96 m. NE. from N. Y., 63 from Albany, and 9 m. from the Hudson; surface hilly. Pop. 1,725. MILAN, v. Huron co. Ohio, 123 m. N. from Columbus, and contains an academy, 8 or 10 stores, several taverns, an oil-mill, carding machine, fulling-mill, various me chanics, 70 or 80 dwellings, and various other establishments. MILAN, v. Rock Island co. II., on the Mississippi river, 12 m. above Ft. Arm strong, and 90 below Galena. MILAN, Vjjw the S. part of Calhoun co. fl., on the MwWsippi. MILAN, v. Dublin ts. Mercer co. 0., 26 m. W. from Lima, and 120 from Columbus ; has several stores, an apothecary shop, a steam grist and saw-mill, 10 or 12 mechanic shops, 2 churches, and 25 or 30 dwellings. MILAN, v. Lawrence ts. Stark co. O., a small village of 10 or 15 families. MILAN, v. in the S. part of Cayuga co. N. Y., 21 m. SE. from Auburn, contains several stores, various mills, and about 60 houses. MILESBOROUGH, v. Centre co. Pa., on both sides of Bald Eagle creek, 2 m. W. from Bellefonte, and 87 NW. from Harrisburg. It contains a forge, rolling-mill, and a nail and woollen manufactory, in successful ope ration, and is a flourishing place. MILESTOWN, v. Philadelphia co. Pa., pleasantly situated 6^ m. N. from Philadel phia. MILFIELD, v. Athens co. Ohio, 82 m. SE. from Columbus. MILFORD, v. Union ts. and co. O., on the S. bank of Big. Darby creek, 5 m. SW. from Marysville, and 32 NW. from Colum bus, has several stores, a Methodist and Presbyterian churches, various mechanic shops, a grist and saw-mill, and 30 or 40 dwellings, &c. MILFORD, v. Somerset co. Pa., 7 m. SW. of the borough of Somerset, contains about 30 houses. MILFORD, v. NE. part of Warren co. In., 87 m. from Indianapolis, and 659 from W. C. MILFORD, v. Harrison co. Va., on the N. bank of the W. fork of the Monongahela river, 8 m. SSW. from Clarksburg. MILFORD, v. Monroe co. Geo., 66 m. W. from Milledsreville. MILFORD, v. Clermont co. Ohio, 90 m. SW. from Columbus, and 15 NE. from Cin cinnati, contains 70 or 80 dwellings, a Methodist church, several stores, 2 iron mongers, a large flouring-mill, a carding and fulling-mill, an extensive pork-house, tannery, a full supply of mechanics, &c. &c. MILFORD, ts. HiLsborough co. N. H., on the Sowhegan, 2 m. SW. from Amherst, 48 NW. from Boston. It is a pleasant town, and contains 2 cotton manufactories, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Congrega- tionalists, and 1 for Baptists. Pop. 1,455. MILFORD, v. Kent co. Del., on the N. side of Mispillion creek, which falls into Delaware bay, 12 m. below, 19 m. S. by E. from Dover, 95 S. from Philadelphia, con tains several stores, and is a place of con siderable business. MILFORD, v. and cap. Pike co. Pa., on the Delaware, 120 m. above Philadelphia, 157 from Harrisburg, and 249 from W. C., contains a court-house, jail, several stores, various mechanics. Pop. 648. MILFORD, ts. New Haven co. Ct., on Long Island sound, 9 m. SW. from New Haven. The village contains about 100 houses and 3 churches. The harbor has suffi cient depth of water for vessels of 200 tons. The amount of shipping owned here is about 1,500 tons. In this town is a very valuable quarry of marble. Pop. 2.455. MILFORD, ts. and v. Otsego co. N. Y., 10 m. S. from Cooperstown, 76 W. from Albany; the village, 8m. from Cooperstown, contains about 45 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,095. MILFORD, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 18 m. SE. from Worcester, and 28 SW. from Boston. Its manufactures consist of cotton goods, leather, boots, shoes, straw-bonnets, varnish, clothiag, shoe pegs, wagon whips, &c., annual value about $260,000. Pop. 1,773. MILFORD, v. Hunterdon co. N. J., on the Delaware river, 34 m. NW. from Tren ton, has 2 churches, several mills, and 20 or 25 dwellings, and is a place of much busi ness. Here is a bridge across the Delaware. MILHEIM, v. Centre co. Pa., on Elk creek, 25 m. ESE. from Bellefonte, is a pleasant and flomishing village. MILITARY GROVE, v. Burke co. N. C., 220 m. N. of W. from Raleigh. MILLBOROUGH, v. Bath co. Va., 172 m. NW. by W. from Richmond. MILLBOROUGH, v. -Sussex co. Va., about 30 m. SE. from Petersburg. MILLBROOK, v. Wayne co. Ohio, 6 m. SW. from Wooster, has several stores, about 40 dwellings, &c. &c. MILLBURY, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 6 416 MIL m. S. from Worcester, and 42 WSW. from Boston. It contains 6 woollen manufactories, a saw-mill, and an iron manufactory, a rolling and slitting-.mill, a nail manufactory, several scythe-shops, a gun manufactory, employing 40 or 50 workmen, extensive tanneries, a paper-mill, oil-mills, and other valuable mills. Pop. 2,171. MILL CREEK, v. Berkely co. Va., 93 m. NW. from W. . MILL CREEK, large and valuable mill- stream, rising in the northern part of Logan co. Ohio, and running from thence in an E. by S. direction into the W. side of the Scioto river, 6 m. below Fulton's creek, Delaware co. MILL CREEK, large mill-stream, Butler and Hamilton cos. Ohio, running S. by W. into the Ohio river, immediately below Cin cinnati. MILLEDGEVILLE, t. Baldwin co. Geo., and capital of the state, is situated on the W. bank, of the Oconee, 300 m. by the curves of the river, from the sea. Though in the upper country, it is near the borders of the low country. Its situation is elevated and pleasant, and central to a fertile and populous country. It contains a state-house, an arsenal, academy, court-house, jail, state penitentiary, 2 printing-offices, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Baptists and 1 for Methodists, and 3 banks. The state-house, arsenal, and penitentiary, are all large and conspicuous buildings. It is 87 m. SW. from Augusta, 170 NW. from Savannah, and 642 from W. C. Pop. about 2,000. MILLER, co. Arkansas, in the SW. part of the state. Pop. 358. MILLER, co. Miso., a new county not yet organized. Pop. 2,282. MILLER C. H., cap. of Miller co. Ark., 228 m. SW. from Little Rock. MILLERSBURG, v. Berks co. Pa., 24m. NW. from Reading, 40 from Harrisburg, and 150 from W. C. MILLERSBURG, v. and cap. Holmes co. O., on Killbuck creek, 80 m. NE. from Co lumbus, and 46 N. from Zanesville, contains the county buildings, 10 or 12 stores, a printing-office, 70 or 80 dwellings, &c. &c. This village suffered severely by fire in 1834, which consumed about half of the buildings. MILLERSBURG, v. Ripley co. In., 75 m. SE. from Indianapolis. MILLERSBURG, -v. in the N. part of Callaway co. Miso., 44 m. NE. from Jeffer son city, and 140 NW. by W. from St. Louis. MILLERSBURG, v. Dauphin co. Pa., on the E. side of the Susquehannah, 23 m. from Harrisburs, and 138 from W. C. MILLERSBURG, t. Bourbon co. Ken., 8 m. N. from Paris, 28 N. from Lexington, and 50 from Frankfort. MILLERSPORT, v. Walnut ts. Fairfield co. O., 38 m. from Columbus, and 372 from W.C. MILLER'S RIVER, r. Mass., which rises in a pond in Rindge, N. H., and after a SW. course of 35 m., enters Connecticut river at Northfield. A few miles from its mouth it has falls, where the whole descent is 62 feet, and that at the principal fall 14 feet. MILLER'S SETTLEMENT, Alexander co. II., adjoining the Mississippi river, and has 30 or 40 families. MILLER'S SETTLEMENT, near the centre of Mercer co. Ih, a good tract of country. MILLERSTOWN, v. Lancaster co. Pa., 4 m. SW.from the city of Lancaster, a small village of about 20 houses. MILLERSTOWN, v. Lebanon co. Pa., 5 m. W. from Lebanon boro., and 20 NE.from Harrisburg. MILLERSTOWN, v. Grayson co. Ken., 10 m. from Litchfield, 115 SW. by W. from Frankfort, and 673 from W. C. MILLERSTOWN, v. Perry co. Pa., on the Juniata, 134 m. W. from Philadelphia, 30 from Harrisburg, and 136 from W. C. MILLERSTOWN, t. . Lehigh co. Pa., on a branch of Lehigh river, 26 m. SW. from Easton, 47 NW. from Philadelphia, 78 from Harrisburg, and 170 from W. C. MILL GROVE, v. Cabarras co. N. C., 149 m. from Raleigh, and 406 from W. C. MILL GROVE, v. Sumpter co. S. C., 60 m. from Columbia, and 465 from W. C. MILLGROVE, v. Union ts. Warren co. O., 7 m. E. from Lebanon, has an extensive paper-mill employing many hands. MILL HAVEN, v. Scriven co. Geo., 136 m. from Milledgeville, and 642 from W. C. MILL HAVEN, v. Simpson co. Miss., 22 m. from Jackson, and l,057ifi*n, W. C. MILLINGTON, or HEW OF CHES TER, v. in the SE. part of Kent co. Md., at the head of Chester river, 53 m. NE. from the city of Annapolis. It is a pleasant vil lage and has considerable trade. MILLINGTON, v. Decatur co. In., 55 m. SE. from Indianapolis, a small but flour ishing village. MILLPORT, v. Amherst ts. Erie co. N. Y., 18 m. NE. from Buffalo, has about 25 dwel'ings. MILLSBORO, v. Sussex co. Del., 49 m. from Dover, and 131 from W. C. MILL SEAT BEND, v. Iowa co. Wis consin. MILLSFIELD, ts. Coos co. N. H., 7 m. W. from Umbagog lake, and 35 N. from the White mountains. Pop. 12. MILLSFORD, pts. Ashtabula co. 0., 197 m. NE. from Columbus, a good agricultural township. MILLS POINT, v. Hickman co. Ken., 338 m. SW. by W. from Frankfort. MILLPORT, v. Kalamazoo co. Mich., 138 m. from Detroit, and 631 from W. C. MILL'S PRAIRIE, Edwards co. II., 11 m. NE. from Albion, a fine and well settled tract. MILL SPRINGS, v. in the southern part of Wayne co. Ken., 24 m. from Monticello, 152 S. frcm Frankfort, and 617 from W. C. MILLSTONE, v. Somerset co. N. J., on Millstone creek, a S. branch of the Raritan, 14 m. N. from Princeton, 26 from Trenton, MIL 4-17 and 194 from W. C., has several stores, a Dutch Reformed church, 30 or 40 dwellings, &c. It is a pleasant and beautiful village. MILLTOWN, v. Bradford co. Pa., 15 m. N. from Towanda, and 146 from Harrisburg. MILLTOWN, v. Crawford co. In., 114 m. S. from Indianapolis, and 642 from W. C. MILLTOWN, v. South East ts. Putnam co. N. Y., 8 m. E. from Carmel, contains an oil-mill, grist and saw-mill, and about 20 houses. MILLTOWN, v. Kingwood ts. Hunter- don co. N. J., 10 m. SVV. from Flemington, a small village of 10 or 12 dwellings, &c. MILLVILLE, v. Columbia co. Pa., in the northern part of the county, 93 m. N. of Harrisburg. MILLVILLE, v. Spartanburg dist. S. C., 97 m. NNW. from Columbia. MILLVILLE, v. Butler co. Ala., 163 m. from Tuscaloosa, and 923 from W. C. MILLVILLE, v. Lincoln co. Ten., 58 m. S. from Nashville, and 728 from W. C. MILLVILLE, v. Caliwell co. Ken., 235 m. SW. by W. from Frankfort, and 772 from W. C. MILLVILLE, v. SE. part of Fountain co. In., 69 m. from Indianapolis, and 632 from W. C., a flourishing place. MILLVILLE, v. Shelby ts. Orleans co. N. Y., 10 m. SW. from Albion, contains 15 or 20 dwellings. MILLVILLE, v. Brunswick ts. Rensse- laer co. N. Y., 4 m. E. from Troy, contains 15 or 20 dwellings. MILLVILLE,' v. Veteran ts. Chemung co. N. Y., on Catharines creek, has 25 or 30 dwellings. MILLVILLE, v. Cumberland co. N. J., 12 m. E. from Bridgetown, and 79 from Trenton ; has several stores, extensive glass works, 60 or 70 dwellings, &c. &c. MILLVILLE, v. King George co. Va., a small village of about 20 houses. MILLWOOD, v. Frederick co. Va., 139 m. from Richmond and 66 from W. C. MILLWOOD, v. Knox co, O., on the Vernon river, 12 m. E. from Mount Ver- non, and 54 NE. from Columbus ; has seve ral stores and mechanic shops, 25 or 30 dwellings, &c. MILLWOOD, v. Dooly co. Geo., 82 m. from Milledgeville, 724 from W. C. MILO, ts. Piscataquis co. Maine, 145 m. NE. from Portland, and 15 NE. from Dover ; a good ts. of land. Pop. 756. MILO, ts. and v. Yates co. N. Y., 189 m. W. from Albany. The village contains a church, and 15 or 20 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 3,986. MILROY, v. in the S. part of Rush co. In., 57 m. from Indianapolis, 557 from W. C. MILTON, v. Solebury ts. Bucks co. Pa., 30 m. NE. from Philadelphia. MILTON, v. Laurens district, S. C. 3 65 m. NW. from Columbia. MILTON, v. Rutherford co. Ten., in the northern part of the co. C2 MILTON, v. Gallatin co. Ken., 63 m. NNW. from Frankfort, and 577 from W. C. MILTON, v. Wayne co. In., 75 m. E. from Indianapolis, 525 from W. C. MILTON, v. Rye ts. Westch ester co. N. Y., on an inlet of Long Island sound, has about 30 dwelfings. MILTON, ts. Chittenden co. Vt., on lake Champlain, 13 m. N. from Burlington, and 40 NW. from Montpelier. It has some mills and considerable trade.. Pop. 2,134. MILTON, ts. Strafford co. N. H., 30 m. NNW. from Portsmouth, 40 ENE. from Concord, a good agricultural township. Pop 1,322. MILTON, ts. Norfolk co. Mass., 7 m. S. from Boston. It is a pleasant town, and contains an academy, several paper-rnills, and a chocolate-mill. It is watered by the Neponset, which is navigable to this town, for vessels of 150 tons. This river sepa rates the town in part from Dorchester. The prospect from Milton hill is said to be one of the finest in America. Pop. 1,822. MILTON, v. Northumberland co. Pa., on W. branch of the Susquehannah, 15 m. N. of Sunbury; contains several stores, va rious mechanic shops, and considerable trade. MILTON, v. Sussex co. Del., situated on Broadkill creek, about 7 m. from its mouth, and 30 S. by E. from Dover. MILTON, ts. Saratoga co. N. Y., 30 m. N. from Albany. It contains the villages of Ballston Spa, Factory village, and Rock City, which see. Pop. 3,166. MILTON, t. Richelieu co. L. C., in the great bend of the Riviere a la Tortue, 35 m. E. from Montreal. MILTON, large v. Litchfield co. Ct., 5 m. W. of Litchfield. In this village there is an elegant Gothic church, belonging to the Episcopalians, built after the draught of old Trinity church in New York. MILTON, v. on Hudson river, in the SE. part of Ulster co. N. Y., 1 1 m. above New- burgh, has several stores and 30 dwellings. MILTON, v. Morris co. N. J., 68 m. N. of Trenton, 15 N. from Somerville, and 240 from W. C. MILTON, v. Albemarle co. Va., on the Rivanna river, 5 m. below Charlotteville. MILTON, v. Caswell co. N. C., 80 m. from Raleigh and 251 from W. C. MILTON, v. Trumbull co. Ohio, 150 m. NE. from Columbus, and 53 SE. from Cleve land; has several stores and 15 or 20 dwell ings. MILTONVILLE, v. Middletown ts. Wood co. O., 7 m. from Perry sburg, a small village of 12 or 15 dwellings. MILTONVILLE, v. Madison t. Butler co. Ohio, has 8 or 10 houses. MILTONVILLE, v. Wayne co. Miss., 140 m. from Jackson, and 1,027 from W. C. MILWAUKEE, co. in the SE. part of Wisconsin, on lake Michisan, bounded by Washington on the N. and Racine and Wai- worth S. Chief town and capital is Mil waukee. Pop. 5,605. 418 MIL MIS MILWAUKEE, t. and cap. of Milwaukee eo. Wis., on lake Michigan, at the mouth of Milwaukee river. It is growing rapidly, and contains a population of more than 2,000. MINA, ts. and v. Chatau^ue co. N. Y., 13 m. SW. from M.iysville. The village contains 12 or 15 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 87 J. MINAVILLE, v. Florida t*. Montgomery co. N. Y., on the Chuctenunda creek, 4 m. S. from the Erie canal ; contains several stores and about 50 dwellings. MINDEN, ts. Montgomery co. N. Y., on the Mohawk, 25 m. W. from Johnston, 62 W. from Albany. It contains the villages of Fort Plain and Hallsville. Pop. 3,507. MINERAL FORK, r. Misc., a branch of Big river, which flows into the Merrimack. MINERAL POIN T T, t. and cap. of Iowa co. Wis. This town is surrounded by the most valuable lead and copper mines, and is increasing rapidly in population and wealth. MINE' RIVER, r. Howard co. Miso., which flows into the S. side of the Missouri, 200 m. above its mouth. It is navigable 40 miles. MINERSVILLE, boro. Schuylkill co. Pa. It is beautifully situated in the valley of the west branch of Schuylkill river, surrounded by mines and coal hills, 10 m. NW. by W. from Orwigsburg, 85 NW. from Philadelphia, and 71 NE. from Harrisburg. It contains several stores, an academy, various mechanic shops, and is a flourishing business place. Pop. about 600. MINERVA, v. Stark co. Ohio, 7 m. S. from Paris, 18 from Canton, has a large merchant mill, 6 or 8 stores, 2 large canal basins, several mechanic shops, and 50 or 60 dwellings. MIiYERVA, ts. Essex co. N. Y., 40 m. SW. of Elizabethtown, 92 m. NE. from Al bany. Pop. 455. MINERVA, t. Mason co. Ken., 13 m. from Washington, a small village. MING AN ISLANDS, islands near the S. coast of Labrador, in the gulf of St. Law rence, 30 m. W. from Anticosti. Lon. 64 W. Lat. 50 15' N. MINISINK, ts. Orange co. N. Y., 10 m. W. of Goshen, 25 W. of Newburgh, contains the villages of Slate Hill,Centreville, Ridge- bury, Westtown, Unionville and Greenville. Pop. 5,093. MINOT, ts. Cumberland co. Me., on the Androscoggin, 33 m. N. of Portland, and 35 from Augusta; contains numerous manufac tures by water power. Pop. 3,550. MIRAMACHI, bay and river of the E. coast of New Brunswick, 60 m. S. from Chaleur bay. The river rises about 120 m. inland. MIRANDA, v. Lincoln co. N. C., 163 m. S. of W. from Raleigh. MISHAWAKA, v. St. Joseph co. In., on St. Joseph's river, 2' m. above South Bend. MISSASSAGA ISLAND, U. C., lies op posite the mouth of the Trent, and about the same distance from the portage at the head of the bay of Quinte. MISSASSAGA POINT, TJ. C., in the t. of Newark, lies on the W. side of the en trance of the river Niagara, and opposite the fortress of Niagara. MISSASSAGA RIVER, r. U. C., runs into lake Huron, between ' Le Serpent and Thessalon rivers, on the N. shore. MISSIGUINNIPPI LAKE, lake, Canada, 100 m. N. from Quebec. Lon. 71 30' W. Lat. 48 3' N. MISSIGUINNIPPI RIVER, r. Canada, which runs into the Sagueriay. Lon. 71 10' W. Lat. 48 22' N. MISSISQUE, r. in Vt., runs into Missis^ne bay in the NE. part of lake Champlain. MISSOURI, one of the U. States. See p. 146. MISSOURI, the longest river in N. Ameri ca, is formed of three principal branches, the Jefferson, Madison, and Gallatin, which rise among the Rocky Mountains, between 42 and 48 N. Lat. and unite at one place in Lat. 45 10' N. Lon. 110 W. From this confluence, its course is northerly for about 250 m. to the Great Falls ; thence easterly to the Mandan villages ; thence it runs, first S. and then SE. to its junction with the Mississippi, in Lon. 90 W. and Lat. 38 51' N. Its whole length, from its source to the Mississippi, is 3,217 m. Although it loses its name at its confluence with the latter, it is much the longer stream of the two, but the Mississippi having been first discovered and explored, it has retained its name to the gulf of Mexico. This error being now past remedy, the Missouri must be considered as a tributary of the Mississippi. If we add to the Missouri the length of the Mississippi below their confluence, we have a river 4,490 m. in length, which exceeds by nearly 1,000 m. any other river on the globe. During this whole distance there is no cata ract or considerable impediment to the navi gation, except at the Great Falls, which are 2,675 m. from the Mississippi. At these falls, the rix'er descends, in the distance of 18 m., 362 ft. The first great pitch in as cending the river is 98 feet; the second, 19; the third, 47; and the fourth, 26. The width of the river is here about 350 yards, and, from every description, the cataracts are, next to those of Niagara, the grandest in the world. About 100 m. above the falls, is the place called the Gates of the Rocky Mountains. The rocks here rise perpen dicularly from the water's edge, to the height of nearly 1 ,200 ft., through a distance of more than 5 m. and the river is compressed to the width of 150 yards. Nothing can be imagin ed more gloomy than the passage through this dark chasm. MISSISSIPPI, a river of the U. S. This magnificent stream has already been the sub ject of so many minute descriptions, that, to give the reader a correct account of it without considerable repetition, would be scarcely pos sible. It rises in high table-land, in the great Northwestern Territory W. of lake Superior. A medium of the authorities respecting the MIS MIS 419 point of its origin, would give it to be in lat. 47 47' N. though in speaking of the source of large rivers, which are formed of a great numher of tributaries, it is not often possible to say, precisely, which particular branch car ries the most water, or ought to be called the parent stream. It is 1,600 in. from its source to its junction with the Missouri, arid 1,310 from that junction to its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico, making its whole length 2,910 m. Its general course is south. Its most important branches, beginning at its mouth, are the Red river, the Arkansas, and the Missouri, on the west, the latter of which is, by far, the greatest tributary which it receives. Its two principal branches on the east, are the Ohio and the Illinois. Ships rarely ascend the Mis sissippi higher than Natchez, which is 322 m. by the river, above New Orleans, but it is navi gated by steam-boats to the Falls of St. An thony, a distance of more than 2,000 m. from its mouth. Down these falls, the river, which is here about half a mile wide, precipitates its waters in a perpendicular descent of sixteen or seventeen feet. For a long distance below these falls, it is a clear, placid, and beautiful stream, with wide and fertile bottoms. Its medial current is not more than 2 m. an hour from the falls to the mouth of the Missouri, ex cept at thr- rapids, a few miles below the mouth of the river DCS Moines, which arc about ( J m in length, and are a considerable impediment to the navigation during a part of the summer Where it receives the Missouri, it is a mile and a half wide. The Missouri itself enters with, a mouth not more than half a mile wide The united stream below, has thence, to the raouth of the Ohio, a medial width of little more than three quarter? of a mile. This mighty tributary seems rather to diminish than increase its width ; but it perceptibly alters its depth, its mass of waters, and, what is to be regretted, wholly changes its character. It is no longer the gentle, placid stream, with smooth shores and clean sand-bars ; but has a furious and boiling current, a turbid and dan gerous mass of sweeping waters, jagged and dilapidated shores, and, wherever its waters ha\e receded, deposits of mud. Below the Missouri its rapidity should be rated consider ably higher than has been commonly done. Its medial rate of advance is perhaps four miles an hour. The bosom of the river is covered with prodigious boils, or swells, that rise with, a whirling motion, and a convex surface, two or three rods in diameter, and no inconsiderable noise, whirling a boat perceptibly from its track. In its course, accidental circumstances shift the impetus of its current, and propel it upon the point of an island, bend, or sand-bar. In these instances, it tears up the islands, re moves the sand-bars, and sweeps away the tender alluvial soil of the bonds, with all their trees, and deposits the r.poils in another place. At the season of high waters, nothing is more familiar to the ear of the people on the river, than the deep crash of a land-slip, in which larger or smaller masses of the soil on the banks, with all the trees, are plunged into the stream. The circumstances that change the aspect and current of the river, are denomi nated, in the vocabulary of the \vr_terrnen, chutes, races, chains, sawyer?, planters, points of islands, wreck-heaps, and cypress-bends. It j occurs more than once, that in moving round a curve of twenty-five or thirty miles, you will return so near the point whence you started, that you can return back to that point, by land, in less than a mile. There are, at present, bends of this sort on the Missouri and the Mis sissippi, pailieularly at Tunica bend, where you move round a curve of thirty miles, and come back to the point, where you see through the trees, and at the distance of three quarters of a mile, the point whence you departed. The divinity most frequently invoked by boatmen, seems to have imparted his name oftcner than any other to the dangerous places along the river. The "devil's" race-paths, tea-table, oven, &c. are places of difficult or hazardous navigation, that frequently occur. They are serious impediments to the navigation of this noble stream. Such is its character from Mis- souri to the Balizc ; a wild, furious, whirling river never navigated safely, except with great caution. On the immense wreck-heaps, where masses of logs, like considerable hills, are piled together, the numerous wrecks of boats, lying on their sides and summits, suf ficiently attest the character of the river, and remain standing mementoes to caution. Boats propelled by steam-power, which can be chang ed in a moment, to reverse the impulse and direction of the boat, arc exactly calculated to obviate the dangers of this river. No person who descends this river for the first time, re ceives clear and adequate ideas of its grandeur, and the amount of water which its carries. If it be in the spring, when the river below the mouth of the Ohio is generally over its banks, although the sheet of water that is making its way to the gulf is, perhaps, thirty miles wide, yet finding its way through deep forests and swarnps that conceal all from the eye, no ex panse of water is seen, but the width that is curved out between the outline of woods on cither bank ; and it seldom exceeds, and oftener falls short of a mile. But when he sees, in descending from the Falls of St. Anthony, that it swallows up one river after another, with mouths as wide as itself, without affecting its width at all ; when he sees it receiving in succession the mighty Missouri, the broad Ohio, St. Francis, White, Arkansas, and Red rivers, all of them of great depth, length, and volume of water ; when he sees this mighty river absorbing them all, and retaining a vol ume apparently unchanged he begins to esti mate rightly the increased depths of current, that must roll on in its deep channel to the sea. From the sources of the river to the mouth of the Missouri, the annual flood ordi narily commences in March, and does not subside until the last of May ; and its medial bcight is fifteen feet. At the lowest stages, "our feet of water may be found from the Rapids of Des Moines to the mouth of the Missouri Between that point and the moutk 4-20 MIS MOB of the Ohio, there are six feet in the channel of the shallowest places at low- water, and the annual inundation may be estimated at twenty-five feet. Between the mouth cf the Ohio and the St. Francis, there are va rious shoal places, where pilots are often perplexed to find sufficient depth of water, when the river is low. Below that point, there is no difficulty for vessels cf any draught, except to find the right channel. Below the mouth of the Ohio, the medial flood is fifty feet ; the highest, sixty. Above Natchez, the flood begins to decline. At Baton Rouge, it seldom exceeds thirty feet ; and at New Orleans, twelve. Some have supposed this gradual diminution of the flood to result from the draining of the numerous effluxes of the river, that convey away such consid erable portions of its waters, by separate channels to the sea. To this should be added, no doubt, the check which the river at this distance begins to feel from the re action of the sea, where this mighty mass of descending waters finds its level. The navi gation upon this river is very great. The number of steam-boats upon the Mississippi and its tributaries is about 300. Their size is from 540 tons downward. The passage from Cincinnati to New Orleans and back, has been made in 19 days. From New Orleans to Louisville the shortest passage has been 8 days and 2 hours, the distance being 1,650 m. and against the current. The steam-boats have generally high pressure power, and many fatal explosions have happened upon these waters. The first steam-vessel here was built in 1810. New Orleans is the out-port of this river, and the largest city on its banks. Its waters pass into the gulf by seve ral channels which intersect a flat and marshy tract. The main entrance is at the Balize. MISSISSIPPI, one of the U. States. See pase 115. MISSISSIPPI CITY, t. S. part of Grant co. Wis., on the Mississippi river, nearly opposite Dubuque. MISSISSIPPI, co. Ar., bounded N. by Missouri, E. by the Mississippi river, S. by Chittenden, and W. by Jackson cos., seat of justice uncertain, it being recently formed. Pop. 1,410. MISTAKEN POINT, a promontory on the W. of Cape Race, at the SE. point of the island of Newfoundland. MISTASSIN, Lake, a lake of New Britain, lying E. of the S. part of James' bay, and surrounded by mountains called the Great Mistassins. It is above 250 m. in circuit, of a very irregular shape, being much intersected by long and narrow projections of land, and contains several islands. It is formed of the Mistassin and other rivers from the mountains, and its outlet is the river Rupert. MITCHELL'S SETTLEMENT, St. Clair co. II., 6 m. E. from Belleville, a fine tract of country. MIRVILLE, v. Alleghany co. N. Y., 15 m. NW. from Angelica, upon the Wiskoy creek, where, in the space of 60 rods, there is a fall cf 75 feet, giving an abundance of water for manufacturing purposes. The village contains several mills, and 15 or 20 dwellings. MOBILE, city and port of entry, and cap. of Mobile co. Alabama, is situated on the western channel of Mobile river, near its entrance into Mobile bay. It is 1,033 iru from W. C., 226 S. from Tuscaloosa, 33 N. from Mobile point, 15 WNW. from Blakely, 50 WNW. from Pensacola, 40 by water be low Fort Stoddart. Lat. 30 40' N. Pop. about 10,000. Mobile is the only town of any great importance in the lower part cf the state. It is situated considerably above the overflow of the river, in a dry and pleas ant situation. Access to it is rendered somewhat difficult to vessels by a swampy island opposite the town. But when once they have entered, they are perfectly secure from winds, storms, and enemies; and can come directly to the town. It has swampy lands and stagnant waters back of it, and near it a sterile country of pine woods. From these causes, though it had been one of the earliest settled towns in the country, it never became, under the Spanish and French regime, more than a military post. Under the government of the United States, it has received a new impulse of prosperity. But a few years since, little cotton was raised in the whole country connected with Mobile; and none was exported directly from this place. It is now a great shipping port for cotton ; and a large number of square-rigged vessels take their freight from this city. There is no other port, perhaps, in the United States, of the same size, that has so large an amount of export. After New Orleans and Charleston, it is the larg est cotton port in the country. It is enliven ed, too, by the coming and departing of many steam-boats, that ply on the noble river above the city. In addition to the great number of packet-schooners that sail between this place and New Orleans, some by the lake, and some by the Mississippi, there is now a stearn-boat communication between the two cities, by the way cf lake Ponchartrain. Of course, except during the sickly months, it is a place of great ac tivity and business. The public buildings are a court-house and a jail, four churches, one for Roman Catholics, one for Episcopal ians, one for Presbyterians, and one for Me thodists, and 2 banks. A Roman Catholic college is at Spring Hill, six miles from the city." It exports annually from 110,000 to 200,000 bales of cotton. MOBILE, r. Alabama, is formed by the union of the Alabama, and Tombigbee, 40 m. above Mobile. After a course of 3 m. it divides and enters Mobile bay, in several channels. The main western channel is called the Mobile ; the main eastern channel, the deepest and widest, is called the Ten- saw. The eastern channel passes by Blakely. MOB MON 421 MOBILE, co. Al., bounded by the gulf of Mexico S. Mississippi W. Baldwin and Mon roe cos. in Al. N. and West FloriJa E. Length 58 m., mean width 45. Chief towns, Mobile and Blakely. Pop. 18,741, of whom 6,191 were slaves. MOBILE BAY, a bay at the mouth of Mobile river, 30 m. long, and, on an aver age, 12 bioad. It communicates with the gulf of Mexico by two straits, one on each side of Dauphin island. The strait on the W. sile will not admit the passage of ves sels drawing more than five feet of water ; that on the^E. side, between the island and Mobile point, has 18 feet of water, and the channel passes within a few yards of the point. There is a bar, however, across the bay, near its upper end, over which there is only 1 1 feet water, MOBILE POINT, is a long, low, sandy, and narrow peninsula, which bounds Mobile bay on the S. extending from the bay of Bon Secours, the south-eastern extremity of the former, towards Dauphin island, to which it approaches within 3 m. This point has been rendered remarkable, by the erection of a military post on its extreme W. exten sion, called Fort Bovvyer. This fort was attacked Sept. 15th, 1814, by a British squadron, consisting of two vessels of 28 guns each, and one of 18 guns, with a land force of 200 Indians, and 110 marines. The British were repulsed, with the loss of the Hermes, and about 100 men killed and wounded. After their defeat at, and retreat from New Orleans, the British attacked and took Fort Bowyer, on the loth of Feb., 1815. MOBILE ISLAND, isl. formed by the divided stream of the river Mobile, about 26 m. long, and 5 wide. Lon. 87 55' W. lat. 3 1 N. MOB JACK, bay, Va., which sets up from Chesapeake bay, N. of the mouth of York r. MOCKSVILLE, v. Rowan co. N. C., 141 m. from Raleigh and 370 from W. C. MODEST^OWN, v. Accomack co. Va., 228 m. from Richmond, and 192 from W. C., a small village. MOHAWK, r. N. H., which runs W.into the Connecticut, in Colebrook. MOHAWK, r. N. Y., which rises about 20 m. N. from Rome. It flows into the Hud son by 3 mouths between Waterford and Troy. Its length from Rome to the Hudson is about 117 m". It is connected with Wood creek, by a canal l.J miles long. There are also canals at German Flats and Herkimer. A boat navigation has been opened for sever al years from Schenectady through the Mo hawk, Wood creek, OneiJa lake, and Oswe- go river, to the lake Ontario. This river, about 2 m. west of the Hudson, has remark able falls, called Cahoes or Cohoes. The river, just above the falls, is between 300 and 400 feet wide, and descends at high water in one sheet near 70 feet. Above three-fourths of a mile below, a bridge is erected across the river, from which there is a most sublime and beautiful view of the cataract. MOHAWK, r. in Del. co. N. Y., which unites with the Popachton and forms the Delaware. MOHAWK, v. on the Grand River, or Ouse, U. C., is the principal village of the Six Nations. This is the residence of their principal chief. The village is beautifully situated, has a neat church with a steeple, a school-house, and a council-house ; and not far from it is a grist and saw-mill. MOHAWK, v. German Flats ts. Herki mer co. N. Y., on the Erie canal and Mo hawk river, 2 m. from Herkimer, contains several stores and forwarding houses, and about 50 dwellings. MOHAWK, v. Mill Creek ts. Hamilton co. O., a small village of 10 or 15 houses. MOHAWK SETTLEMENT, bay of Quinte, U. C., is W. of Richmond, and com prehended between the river Shannon and Bowen's creek. MOHEGAN, v. of U. C., on the right bank of the Thames, 5 m. below Norwich. Here re Me the remnant of the Mohegans. MOHEGAN, Indian v. New London co. Ct., on W. sile of the Thames, 4 m. S. from Norwich. Here are the remains of the Mo- hegan tribe. MOHICCANVILLE, v. Mohiccan ts. Wayne eo. O., 14 m. W. from Wooster, has 15 or 20 houses. MOHICCON, r. Ohio, N. branch of the Muskingum. MOIRA, r. U. C., which falls into the bay of Quinte, in lake Ontario. MOIRA, ts. and v. Franklin co. N. Y., 225 m. NW. from Albany, and 14 W. from Malone. The village contains about 35 houses. Pop. of ts. 962. MOLE, The, a port in the NW. part of the island of St. Domingo, 2 leagues E. of Cape St. Nicholas. Though inferior to Cape Francois and Port au Prince, it is the first port in the island for safety in time of war, being strongly fortified both by nature and art. ~ It is 14 m. S. by W. from Jean Rabel, 69 W. from Cape Francois. Lon. 73 26' W. Lat. 1951'N. MOMAPANE LAKE, lake, Canada, 160 m. N. from Quebec. Lon. 71 W. Lat. 49 40' N. MONA and MONITA, i. e. The Monkey and his Club, 2 islands of the West Indies, in the middle of the srreat passage between His* paniola and Porto Rico. MONACASY, r. Md., which runs S. into the Potomac, 50 m. above Georgetown. MONADNOCK, a lofty mountain in the SW. corner of N. H., between Jaffrey and Dublin. Its base is 5 m. from N. to S. and 3 from E. to W., and its height is 3,254 feet above the level of the sea. It may be seen at the distance of 60 m. in almost every di rection. MONGOQUINON or LIMA, v. and cap. of Lagrange co. In , in the N. part, 191 m. N. by E. from Indianapolis. MONGUAGO, v. Wayne co. Mich., 14 m. from Detroit, and 512 'N. from W. C. 422 MON MONISTIC, r. N. America, which runs into lake Michigan. MONITOU, two islands in lake Michigan. Lon. 85 35' W. L;it. 44 55' N. MOXKEY ISLAND, small isl. in Curri- tuck sound, near the coast of N. Carolina. Lon. 76 4' W. Lat. 36 22' N. MONKTON, ts. Addison co. Vt., 23 m. from Burlington. Here are found vast quan tities of porcelain earth, from which attempts have been made to manufacture porcelain, but without success. There is also a curi ous cavern in this township after descend ing about 16 feet, you arrive at a room 30 feet long and 16 wide. From this is a pas sage leading to a second apartment, which is not so large, but more pleasant. Pop. 1,310, MONMOUTH, ts. Kennebeck co. Me., 17 m. WSW. from Augusta, 156 NNE.from Boston. Here is an academy in high repute. Pop. 1,882. MONMOUTH, co. N. J., bounded NW. by Middlesex co. N. by Raritan bay, E. by the Atlantic, and SW. by Burlington co. Pop. 32,909. Chief town, Freehold. MONMOUTH, v. Monmouth co. N. J. See Freehold. MONMOUTH, v. and cap. of Warren co. II., situated in the prairie and on the S. side of the timber of Hen lerson's river, and con tains the county buil lines, several stores and taverns, and 20 or 25 dwellings. MONODY CREEK, r. Pa., which joins the Svvetara 12 m. W. from Lebanon. MONOKA, r. Md., runs into the Chesa peake. Lon. 76 53' W. Lat. 38 10' N. MOXOMONIE, r. Wis. Territory, which gives name to a tribe of Indians, and which runs into Green bay. Lon. 87 21' W. Lat. 44 46' N. MONONGAHELA, r. which rises from the Laurel mountains in Va., runs N. into Pa., and unites with the Alleghany at Pitts- burg, to form the Ohio. It is navigable for light steam-boats to Brownville, Pa., and bateaux and barges ascend as far as Mor- gantown in Va. Length nearly 300 miles. MONONGALIA, co. NW. part of Va., bounded N. by Pennsylvania, E. by Mary land, S. by Randolph co. W. by Harrison co. and NW. by Ohio co. Chief town. Morgan- town. Pop. 17,368, of whom 260 were slaves, and 146 free colored. MONROE, ts. Waldo co. Me., 59 m. NE. from Augusta, and 14 N. from Belfast. Pop. 1,602. MONROE, ts. and v. Orange co. N. Y., 19 m. S. from Newburgh, and 50 N. from New York. The village, 11 m. S. from Go- shen, contains a Presbyterian church, and 10 or 12 dwellings. In the township are extensive iron works. Pop. of ts. 3,914. MONROE, v. Bucks co. Pa., 18 m. NE. from Doylestown, and 113 from Harrisburg, contains 10 or 15 dwellings. MONROE, co. Geo./ bounded N. by Butts co. E. by Ocmulgee river, SE. by Bibb, S. by Crawford, and W. by Upson and Pike cos. Forsythe is the capital. Pop. 16,275, of whom 8,447 were slaves. MONROE, t. and cap. Washitaw parish, La., situated on Washitaw river, about 80 m. NNW. in a direct line from Natchez, and about 225 from New Orleans. MONROE, co. Miso., bounded N. by Shel by and Marion, E. by Rails, S. by lands at tached to CalJaway, and W. by Randolph, It is watered by Salt river and branches. Pop. 9,505, of whom 1,687 were slaves. MONROE, co. Ark,, situated between St. Francis and Black rivers ; bounded N. by St. Francis, E. by Phillips, S. by Arkansas cos. and W. by White r. Clarendon is the seat of justice. Pop. 936, of whom 148 were slaves. MONROE, ts. Franklin co. Mass., 105 m. WNW. from Boston, and 2 NW. from Green field. Pop. 282. MONROE, ts. Fairfield co. Ct., 15 m. NW. from New Haven, and 12 SE. from Danbury. A variety of minerals have been found here, such as tungsten, tellurium, na tive bismuth, native silver, magnetical and common iron pyrites, copper pyrites, galena, blende, tourmaline, &c. Pop. 1,351. MONROE, co. Florida, bounded N. by Alachua and Musquito cos., E. by the At lantic, S. by the Florida channel, and W. by the gulf of Mexico. It embraces all the S. part of Florida from Charlotte bay to Hills- borough inlet, the interior of which is very little known. Pop. 633. MONROE, co. in. the E. part of Pa., bounded N. by Wayne and Pike, NE. by Pike, SE. by Delaware r. and Northampton, and S. and SW. by Northampton. Watered chiefly in the E. part by Broadhead cr. and branches, besides the Delaware, and in the W. part by the Lehigh and branches. Much of the county is diversified with moun tain ridges and valleys varying in fertility, but it is but little improved, and most of it remains an unbroken wilderness. Strouds- burg is the county seat. Pop. y,879. MONROE, v. Lincoln co. Miso., on the Cuivre river. MONROE, v. Cass co. II., 8 m. SE. from Beardstown. MONROE, v. Pleasant ts. Brown co. O., a small village cf 10 or 15 families. MONROE, v. Clark co. O., 10 m. N. from Fairfield. has 12 or 15 houses. MONROE, co. N. Y., bounded N. by lake Ontario, E. by Wayne co. S. by Livingston co. W. by Genesee and Orleans cos. Chief town, Rochester. Pop. 64,902. MONROE, co. Ala., on the river Ala bama ; bounded N. by Wilcox, E. by Cone- cuh, S. by Baldwin, and W. by Clarke cos. Chief town, Claiborne. Pop. 9,300, of whom 4,083 were slaves. MONROE, co. E. part of Miss., bounded N. by Itawamba co. E. by Alabama, S. by Lowndes, and W. by Chickasaw cos. Pop, 10,680, of whom 5,229 were slaves. Chief town, Hamilton. MONROE, v. Sussex co. N. J., 84 m. N. MON 423 from Trenton, and 236 from W. C., a small villase of 8 or 10 houses. MONROE, v. Bradford co. Pa., 190 m. N. from Harrisburg. MONROE, co. Va., bounded SE. by Botetonrt and Giles, SYV. by Kenhawa r. or Giles, NVV". by Greenbrier, N. by Nicholas, and NE. by Bath and" Botetourt. Length 35 m., mean width 13. Pop. 8,422, of whom 808 were slaves. Chief town, Union. MONROE, v. Warren co. N. C., 70 m. SE. from Raleigh. MONROE, v. Walton co. Geo., 66 m. NNW. from Milledgeville. Lat. 33 46' N. MONROE, co. Ohio, bounded E. by Ohio river, S. by Washington, W. by Mor gan, NVV. by Guernsey, and N. by Belmont. Length 38 m., breadth 18. Pop. 18,521. Chief town, Woodsfield. MONROE, co. In., bounded N. by Mor gan, E. by Brown, S. by St. Lawrence, and W. by Owen cos. Length 24 m., breadth 18. Pop. 10,143. Chief town, Blooming- ton. MONROE, co. Ken., bounded by Ten. S. by Allen co. Ken. W. Barren N. Adair NE. and Cumberland E. It occupies the divU- ing ground between Cumberland and Bia; Barren rivers. Length 28 m., breadth 25". Chief town, Tompkinsville. Pop. 6,526. MONROE, v. and seat of justice, Over- ton co. Ten., on a small branch of Obies river, 100 m. NE. by E. from Nashville. Lat. 36 25' N. Lon. from W. C. 8 1 1' W. ; contains the county buildings, and is a pleas ant place. MONROE, co. E. Ten., bounded by N. Carolina E. the Cherokee lands S. M'Minn W. and Tennessee river or Blount and Se- vier N. Chief town, Madisonville. Pop. 12,056. MONROE, v. Butler co. O., 90 m. from Columbus, and 8 W. from Lebanon ; con tains several stores, 2 churches, 30 or 40 dwellings, various mechanics, &c. &c. MONROE, v. Highland co. Ohio, a small village of 10 or 12 families. MONROE, co. II., on the Mississippi, bounded N. by St. Clair, Washington and Randolph cos., S. by Randolph co. and W. by the Mississippi river. Pop. 4,481. Chief town, Waterloo. MONROE, v. II., on the first high ground above the junction of the Illinois with the Mississippi, 28 m. above St. Louis, and 10 from St. Charles, on the Missouri. MONROE, co. Michigan, bounded N. by Washtenaw and Wayne cos., E. by lake Erie, S. by Ohio, and W. by Lenawee co. Pop. 9,922. Chief town, Monroe. MONROE, t. and cap. Monroe co. Michi gan, on the river Raisin, 35 m. S. from De troit, and 490 from W. C. It is a large and flourishing village ; contains a court-house, jail, several churches, a number of stores, and various mechanic shops, and about 2,000 inhabitants. MONROE, t. Hempstead co. Ark. MONROEVILLE, v. Huron co. Ohio, 5 m. W. from Norwalk. A rail-road connects this with Sandusky city. It is a flourishing and beautiful village, and increasing rapidly. MONSON, ts. Hampden co. Mass., on the line of Connecticut, 17 m. E. from Spring field, 72 WSW. from Boston. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists; a flourishing academy, with which is connected a large boarding-house. Here are also manufactories of cotton and wool. Pop. 2,151. MONSON, ts. Piscataquis co. Me., 83 m. NE. from Augusta, and 20 NW. from Dover. It is a good agricultural township. Pop. 656. MONTAGUE, ts. Franklin co. Mass., on the E. side of Connecticut river, opposite Greenfield, with which it is connected by a bridge. It is 18 m. N. from Northampton, and 90 W. from Boston. It has various manufactures. Pop. 1,255. MONTAGUE ISLAND, isl. near the NW. coast of America, at the W. side of the entrance into Prince William's sound. Lon. 147 to 148 W. Lat. 49 50' to 60* 30' N. MONTALBAN, v. Warren co. Miss., 81 m. W. from Jackson, and 60 NNE. from Natchez. MO NT AUK POINT, E. end of Long Isl and, in Southampton. The lisht-house is at Lon. from W. C. 5 6' E. Lat. 41 4' N. MONTEBELLO, v. and settlement in Hancock co. II., on the bluffs of the Missis sippi; a considerable settlement. MONTEVELLA, v. Shelby co, Ala., 45 m. E. from Tuscaloosa, and 815 from W. C. MONTEZUMA, t. and cap. Covington co. Ala., situated on Conecuh river, 176 m. S. from Tuscaloosa, and 950 from W. C. MONTEZUMA, v. Parke co. In., 77 m. W. from Indianapolis, and 649 from W. C.j a small but flourishing village. MONTEZUMA, v. in Mentz ts. N. Y., 12 m. N. from Auburn. Here is an exten sive manufactory of salt, and about 50 dwellings. MONTEZUMA, v. and landing in Pike co. II., on the Illinois river, 13 m. E. from Pittsfield. MONTEZUMA, t. Texas, on the Colo rado river, W. from San Felipe de Austin. MONTEZUMA SALT WORKS, v. in the E. part of Casey co. Ten., 81 m. E. from Frankfort. MONTGOMERY, ts. Franklin co. Vt,, 40 m. NE. from Burlington, and 27 NE. from St. Albans. It is a mountainous town ship. Pop. 548. MONTGOMERY, ts. Hampden co. Mass., 12 m. NW. from Springfield, and 100 SW. from Boston, and has good water power. Pop. 740. MONTGOMERY, co. N. Y., bounded N. by Hamilton, E. by Saratoga, S. by Schenectady and Schoharie, and W. by Herkimer cos. The surface is pleasantly diversified, and the soil generally good. Pop. 35,818. Chief town, Johnstown. 424 MON MONTGOMERY, ts. and v. O ranee co. N. Y., 12 m. W. from Newburgh, 10 N. from Goshen, 70 from New York. The village contains a manufactory for wood screws, several mills, 2 churches, an acade my, a youn? ladies' seminary, several stores, and about 180 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 4,100. MONTGOMERY, co. Pa., bounded by Philadelphia and Delaware cos. SE. Chester SW. Berks NW. Lehigh N. and Bucks NE. ; length 30 m., width 15. The surface of this county is delightfully variegated by sloping hills and fertile valleys. The Schuyikill washes its S. border from its ex treme W. angle to the mouth of the Perkio- men ; it then enters the county, and runs through its S. corner. The Perkiomen also traverses this county, entering it at the N. angle, and emptying into the Schuyikill, a little above where the latter enters the county. The soil is generally productive, and the county is noted for its quarries of fine marble. Pop. 47,241. Chief town, Norristown. MONTGOMERY, co. Va., bounded by the Blue Ridge or Franklin and Patrick cos. SE. Grayson and Wythe SW. Walker's mountain or Giles co. NW. and Botetourt NE. Length 42 m., mean width 22j. Pop. 7,405. Chief town, Christiansburg. MONTGOMERY, v. Sycamore ts. Ham ilton co. O., 14 m. NE. from Cincinnati, and 96 SW. from Columbus, and contains from 300 to 400 inhabitants. MONTGOMERY, v. Wayne ts. Picka- way co. 0., on the canal 6 m. S. from Cir- cleville, and 31 S. from Columbus, a small village of 10 or 12 houses. MONTGOMERY, v. Green co. Georgia, 35 m. N- from Milledgeville. MONTGOMERY, t. and cap. Morgan CO. Ten., on Sulphur branch of Obies river, 120 m. N. of E. from Nashville. MONTGOMERY, v. Sumner co. Ten., 17 m. NE. from Gallatin, and 48 from Nashville. MONTGOMERY, co. In., bounded by Tippecanoe N. Clinton NE. Boone and Hendrick E. Putnam S. Parke SW. and Fountain co. W. It is watered chiefly by Sugar creek with its branches, and Rackoon creek. Crawfordsville is the capital. Pop. 14,438, MONTGOMERY, co. II., bounded by Sangemon N. Shfelby and Fayette E. Bond and Madison S. and Macoupin co. W. This Bounty is watered by the branches of the S. fork of the Sangemon river, also by Shoal and Macoupin creeks. It contains a con siderable portion of prairie, which is gene rally high and undulating. Hillsborough is the capital. Pop. 4,490. MONTGOMERY, co. Md., bounded by Potomac river or by Fairfax and Loudon cos. Va. SW. Frederick co. Md. NW. Patuxent r. or Ann-Arundel NE. and Prince Georse and D. C. SE. Length 28 m., mean' width 18. Pop. 14,669. Chief town, Rockville. MONTGOMERY, co. N. C., bounded by Richmond and Anson S. Cabarras W. Rowan and Randolph N. and Moore E. Length 42 m., mean width 18. It produces cotton, grain, and tobacco. Pop. 10,780, of whom 2,487 were slaves. Chief town, Tindals- ville. MONTGOMERY, co. Geo., bounded by Oakmulgee river S. by Little Oconee river SW. Laurens W. and NW. and Emanuel or Great Ohoope river NE. Length 40 m., mean width 24. The Oconee and Oakmul gee, which meet at the southern extremity of this county, form the Alatamaha. Chief town, Mount Vernon. Pop. 1,616. MONTGOMERY, co. Ohio, bounded by Warren and Butler S. Preble W. Miami N. Clarke NE. and Green E. Length 24 m., width 23. Chief town, Dayton. Pop. 31,938. MONTGOMERY, co. Ken., bounded SE. and S. by Estil, W. by Clarke, NW. by Bourbon, NE. by Bath, and E. by Pike; length 38 m., mean width 12. Surface ralher uneven than hilly; soil productive. Chief town, Mount Stirling. Pop. 9,322, of whom 2,735 were slaves and 188 free colored. MONTGOMERY, co. Ten., bounded by Christian and Todd counties in Kentucky N. by Robertson co. in Ten. SE. Dickson S. and Stewart SW. ; length 40m., mean width, 17*. Chief town, Clarkesville. Pop. 16,927, of whom 7,059 were slaves, and 106 free colored. MONTGOMERY, co. Al., bounded by Pike SE. Butler S. Wilcox and Dallas W. Alabama river or Autauga NW. and N., and the Muscogee or Creek lands NE. ; length 50 m., mean width 30. Chief town, Mont gomery. Pop. in 1830, 12,694, and in 1840, 24,574, of whom 15,486 were slaves, and 116 free colored. MONTGOMERY, v. and seat of justice, Montgomery co. Al., on the Alabama r. 70 m. by land from Cahawba. Lat. 32 20' N. It contains the county buildings, several stores, and has some trade. MONTGOMERY, co. Miso., bounded by Missouri river S. Howard co. W. Cuivre river or Lincoln N. and St. Charles E. ; length 50 m., mean width 35. Danville is the seat of justice. Pop. 4,371, of whom 827 were slaves. MONTGOMERY, v. Adams co. II., a small village of 10 or 12 families. MONTGOMERYVILLE, v. Montgom ery co. Pa., 10 m. E. from Norristown. MONTICELLO, t. and cap. Pike co. Al., situated on Conecuh river, 140 m. SE. from Tuscaloosa. MONTICELLO, t. and cap. Jefferson co. Flor., in the N. part of the co., 31 m. NE. by E. from Tallahassee. MONTICELLO, v. Carroll co. In., on the Tippecanoe river. MONTICELLO, t. and cap. of Jefferson i co. Miso., centrally situated 15 m. from Herculaneum, is a small but rapidly improv ing village. MON 425 MONTICELLO, t. and cap of Lewis co. Miso., centrally situated. MONTICELLO, v. Walnut ts. Fairfield co. 0., on the Ohio canal, 35 m. E. by S. from Columbus, a small village of 10 or 15 houses. MONTICELLO, v. Richfield ts. Otsego co, N. Y., 16 m. NW. from Cooperstown. MONTICELLO, v, and cap. Sullivan co. N. Y., 4 m. W. from Nevesink river, and about 40 a little N. of W. from New- burgh, contains the county buildings, 2 print ing-office-', each issuing a weekly paper, a public library, and about 80 dwellings. MONTICELLO, t. FairfieU district, S. C., 35 m. N. from Columbia. MONTICELLO, v. and seat of justice, Jasper co. Geo., 32 m. NW. from Milledge- ville. Lat. 33 19' N. MONTICELLO, v. and cap. Lawrence o. Mis., on Pearl r. 90 m. E. from Natchez. Lat. 31 32' N. Lon. from W. C. 12 55' W, MONTICELLO, t. and cap. Wayne co. Ken., 100 m. S. from Frankfort, and about 4 SK from Cumberland river. Lat. 36 50' N. Lon. from W. C. 7 40' W. MON TIC E LLO, the seat of the late Horn THOMAS JEFFERSON, the third President of the U. States, in Albemarle co. Va., 2 m. SE. from Charlottesville. Lon. 78 48' W. Lat. 38 8' N. MONTMORENCY, v. Jefferson co. Pa,, 28 m. IS'E. from Brookville, and 171 NW. by W. from Harrisburg. MONTPELIER, v. "Baldwin co. Al., 32 m. E. of N. from Blakely, and 142 W. of S. from Tuscaloosa. MONTPELIER, ts. and cap. Washing ton co. Vt, and seat of government of the state, on the N. side of Onion river, at the confluence of two of its head waters ; 36 m. SE. from Burlington, 140 NW. from Boston, 524 from W. C. The river is here bordered by rude, unsightly hills, which scarce allow room for the village. Its central situation in the state makes Montpelier a great thoroughfare, the travel going through it in all directions. The buildings are in fine style, some of which are elegant. The state-house is in form of a cross, the front centre 72 feet wide, and 2 wings each 39 feet, making the length 150 feet. The centre, including the portico, is 100 feet deep, and the wings are 50 feet deep. The portico is supported by six columns, of 6 feet in diameter at the bot tom ; the whole is built of granite wrought in a superior manner. Pop. 3,725. MONTPELIER, the seat of the late Hon JAMES MADISON, the fourth President of the U. States, in Orange co. Va., 20 m. NE from Monticello. MONTPELIER, v. Hanover co. Va., 24 m. from Richmond. MONTPELIER, v. Richmond co. N. C. 105 m. SW. from Raleigh. MONTREAL, isl. in St. Lawrence river, at the confluence of that stream and the Ot tawa. It forms a county of the same name 32 m. long, but very irregular in width. D 2 MONTREAL, city, L. C. It is built .ipon an island of the same name in the St. Lawrence, 32 m. long, and at its centre 2 m. wide, at a point in the river just below he junction of the Ottawa. The river is icre two miles wide, and capable of being ascended by vessels of any burden, although 500 miles from the sea. It is 180 m. SW. of Quebec, and 300 N. of New York. The own has a beautiful position, and shows to great advantage. The mountain, from which it has its name, rises on the left of the city, and seems placed there, like a rampart, to defend it from the blasts of winter. A thick forest covers the greater part of it ; though a few neatly built houses show their roofs from the midst of the moun tain groves. The new cathedral is, proba bly, the largest church in America. Its front is 225 feet, and its width 134. There are five public entrances, and the interior win conveniently contain 10,000 persons. There are seven altars, and the eastern window over the high altar is 64 by 32 feet. The circuit of this vast edifice is 1,125 feet. It is built of hewn stone from the mountain. The college is the next most conspicuous building, extending in front with the wings 220 feet. It contains on an average 300 students. This is a Catholic institution. There are 18 or 20 public buildings. The French style of building, the number of lofty spires and towers, "and the glittering tin covering of the roofs, give the city a majestic and imposing appearance at a dis tance. The population is 40,000. The chief article of its commerce is furs. It is the emporium of the North- West Company; and of the trade between Canada and the United States. The only interruption to the navigation of the St. Lawrence up to this city,^ is the Rapids, about two miles below, which often occasion delay to in bound vessels, as they can be stemmed only by a strong wind. MONTREAL BAY, bay, Canada, on the E. side of lake Superior. Lon. 84 56' W. Lat. 47 10' N. MONTREAL, r. Wisconsin, which flows into lake Superior, 63 m. W. of the mouth of the Ontanagon. About 800 yards from its mouth it has falls, where the whole de scent is 80 or 90 feet, and the descent at the last fall is 40 feet perpendicular. The South-West Fur Company have a post at lake Flambeau near the source of this river. MONTROSE, t. and cap. Susquehannah co. Pa., 163 m. from Harrisburg, 271 from W, C. It contains a court-house, jail, an academy, bank, 10 or 15 stores, various mechanic shops, and is a pleasant and flour ishing place. Pop. 633. MONTROSE, t. Cumberland co. N. C. MONTROSE, v. Lee co. Iowa, on the Mississippi below Madison. MONTROUIS, t. St. Domingo, at the head of the Bight of Leogane, 5 leagues SE. from St. Mark, 15 NW. from Port au Prince, MONTVILLE, ts. Waldo co. Me., 30 m. 426 MON MOR NE. from Wiscasset, and 26 ENE. from Augusta, watered by branches of Sheeps river. Pop. 2,153. MONTVILLE, ts. New London co. Ct. It is situated about 9 m. NW. of New Lon don, 35 SE. from Hartford, and 7 S. from Norwich ; and contains 2 woollen factories, an oil-mill, &c. Pop. 1,990. MONTVILLE, v. Loudon co. Va., 154 m. N. from Richmond. MONTVILLE, v. Moravia ts. Cayuga co. N. Y., 1 m, E. from Moravia, contains 10 or 12 dwellings. MONTVILLE, v. Pequannock ts. Morris co. N. J., 10J m. NE. from Morristown, has a Dutch Reformed church, 2 stores, and from 15 to 20 dwellings. MONTVILLE, pts. E. part of Geauga co. Ohio, 178 m. NE. from Columbus. Pop. from 300 to 400. MOOERS, ts. and v. Clinton co. N. Y., on the Chazy river, 180 m.'N. from Albany, and 18 NNW. from Plaitsburg. The vil lage contains about 40 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,703. MOORE, co. N. C., bounded by Cumber- land SE. Richmond SW. Montgomery W. Randolph NW. and Chatham N. Length 38 m., width 28. Chief town, Alfordstown. Pop. 7,988, of whom 1,472 were slaves. MOORESBOROUGH, v. Rutherford co. N. C , by post-road 226m. SW. by W. from Raleigh. MOORESBURG, v. Columbia co. Pa., 71 m. from Harrisburg, and 181 from W. C. MOORSBURG, v. Hawkins co. Ten., 254 m. from Nashville, and 460 from W. C. MOORESFIELD,orMoorestown, v. Bur lington co. N. J., 13 m. E. from Philadel phia, 30 from Trenton, and 147 from W. C., has several taverns and stores, 2 churches, and from 50 to 60 dwellings. MOORE'S PRAIRIE, St. Clair co. II., 5 m. E. from Belleville. It is good land, and spread over with fine farms. MOORE'S PRAIRIE, Jefferson co. IL, SE. of Mt. Vernon 12 miles, and contains from 80 to 100 families. MOORE'S SETTLEMENT, Monroe co. II., near Waterloo, and is an extensive set tlement of industrious people. MOORESVILLE, v. Limestone co. Ala., 124 m. N. from Tuscaloosa, and 740 from W.C. MOORESVILLE, v. Maury co. Ten., 16 m. from Columbia, and 61 SSW. from Nash ville. MOORESVILLE, v. Morgan co. In., 16 m. SW. from Indianapolis, a small but nour ishing vi lasc. MOORESVILLE, v. Roxbury ts. Dela ware co. N. Y., 28 m. E. by N. from Delhi, has 15 or 20 dwellings. MOORFIELD, v. Nicholas co. Ken. MOORFIELD, v. Harrison co. Ohio, llj m. SW. from Cadiz, and 112 E. from Colum bus, a pleasant village of about 25 houses. MOORFIELDS, t. and cap. Hardy co. Va., on the S. branch of the Potomac, 25 m. SSW. from Roraney, 180 NW. from Rich- mond ; contains, besides the usual county buildings, several fine houses. MOORLAND, v. Wayne co. Ohio, 6 m. SE. of Worcester, a pleasant village of 15 or 20 houses. MOOSE, isl. Me., in Passamaquoddy bay, on which is the lown of Eastport. MOOSE, small r. L. C. It is one of the head waters of the St. Francis. MOOSE, r. N. H., which joins the An- droscogsin, in Durand. MOOSE, r. N. Y., which runs into the K. side of Black river. MOOSEHEAD, lake, Me., the source of E. branch of Kennebeck river. Its length is about 50 miles, and its breadth about 12; extensive lumber business is carried on here. MOOSEHILLOCK, mt. N. H., in Co ventry. According to the measurement made by Capt. Partridge, the N. Peak is 4,636 feet above the level of the sea. The south peak is 4,536 feet. Baker's river has its source on its eastern side. MOOSUP, r. which rises in R. I., and joins the Quinebaug, in Plainfield, Connec ticut. MORAVIA, ts. and v. Cayusa co. N. Y., 157 m. W. from Albany, and 20 SE. from Auburn. The village contains 2 churches, several stores, an academy, a eolton-mill, grist and saw-mills, &c., and about 60 dwell ings. Pop. of ts. 2,010. MOREAU, ts. Saratoga co. N. Y., on the Hudson, 16 m. NE. from Ballston Spa, 50 N. from Albany. It is at the great bend of the Hudson, and here are two falls in the river, Baker's Falls and Glenn's Falls. Ballston Spa, Factory village and Rock city are vil lages. Pop. of ts. 1,576. IVTOREAU, r. Miso., which runs into the SW. side of the Missouri. MORETOWN, ts. Washington co. Vt., on Onion river, 7 m. W. from Montpelier, a mountainous township. Pop. 1,128. MORGAN, co. Va., bounded by Berk shire SE. Hampshire SW. and on all other sides by the Potomac river or Maryland. Length 30 m., mean width 15. Chief town, Frankfort. Pop. 4,253, of whom 134 were slaves. MORGAN, co. Geo., bounded by Putnam SE. Jasper SW. Walton NW. and the Oco- nee river, or Clarke and Green NE. Length 22m., mean width 20 m. Chief town, Madison. Pop. 9,121, of whom 5,641 were slaves. MORGAN, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Muskingum and Guernsey, E. by Monroe, and S. by Washington and Athens. Length 32 m , breadth 18. Surface broken and hilly, though much of the soil is excellent. Chief town, M'Connelsville. Pop. 20,852* It is noted for its manufactures of salt. MORGAN, ts. Orleans co. Vt., 50 m. N. from Montpelier, and 15 N. from Irasburg, and contains Knownton's lake, a beautiful sheet of water. Pop. 422. MOR 4-27 MORGAN, v. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 162 ! m. NE. from Columbus. It is a flourishing ' place, containing several stores, 2 tanneries, a cardins-machine, clothing works, 1 church and from 80 to 100 dwellings. MORGAN, co. E. Ten., bounded by Cumberland and Wayne cos. Ken. N. Campbell E. Anderson SE. Roane and BleJsoe S. and Overton W. Length 40 m., mean width 19. Chief town, Montgomery. Pop. 2,660. MORGAN, co. Ala., on theS. side of the Tennessee, bounded N. by Ten. river, E. by Dekalb, S. by Blount and Vermilion and W. by Lawrence co. Pop. 9,841. Chief town, Somerville. MORGAN, co. In., bounded N. by Hen- dricks and Marion, E. by Johnson, S. by Monroe, SW. by Owen, and W. by Putnam cos. Martinsville is the capital. Pop. 10,741. MORGAN, co. Ken., bounded N. by Lawrence, E. by Floyd, S. by Perry, and W. by Estill, Montgomery and Bath cos. Pop., 4,603. West Liberty is the seat of justice. MORGAN, co. II., bounded N. by Cas-s, E. by Sangemon, S. by Macoupin and Green, and W. by Illinois river, which sep arates it from Pike and Schuyler cos. Be sides the Illinois river, this county is water ed by Indian, Mauvaisaterre, Apple, and Sandy creeks. It is well proportioned into timber and prairie, and contains many ex tensive and well cultivated farms. This is the most thickly settled county in Illinois. Jacksonville is the capital. Pop. 19,549. MORGAN, co. Missouri, bounded N. by Cooper, E. by Cole, S. by the Osage river, and W. by Benton and Pettis cos. A con siderable portion of this county is rich prairie. Versailles is the seat of justice. Pop. 4,407, of whom 512 were slaves. MORGANFIELD, t. and seat of justice. Union CD. Ken., 12 m. SE. from the mouth of the Wabash, and 15 SW. from Henderson on the Ohio. Lat. 37 41' N., contains the county buildings, several stores, and is a pleasant and fburishins place. MORGAN'S STORE, Montgomery co. N. C., by post-road 1 13 m. SW. from Raleigh. MORGANSVILLE, v. Nottaway co. Va., 18 m. SW. by W. from Petersburg. MORGANTOWN, v. Berks co. Pa., 7 m. from Reading. MORGANTOWN, v. and seat of justice, Monongalia co. Va., on the right bank of Monongahela river, 20 m. SSW. from Union- town, arid 30 by lind above Brownsville, Pa. It is situated on high ground, and contains the usual county buil lings, and about 100 houses. Lat. 39 33' N. Lon. 3 50' W. from W. C. MORGANTOWN, v. and seat of justice, Burke co. N. C., on the right bank of Ca- tawba river, 30 m. NW. from Lincolnton. Lat. 35 40' N. Lon. 4 42' W. from W. C. MORGANTOWN, v. Blount co. Ten., on Tennessee river, 30 m. SW. from Knox- ville. MORGANTOWN, v. and seat of justice, Butler co. Ken., 144 m. from Frankfort, and 692 from W. C., has a court-house, jail, an 1 10 or 15 dwellings. MORGANTOWN, v. Green H Clinton co. Ohio, a flourishing village. MORGAN VI LLE, v. Union ts. Morgan o. Ohio, a small village of 15 or 20 houses, about 5m. S. of McConnellsville. MORGANVILLE, v. Stafford ts. Genesee co. N. Y., 7 m. ENE. from Batavia, has about 30 dwellings. MORGES, v. Rose ts. Carroll co. Ohio, and contains some 12 or 15 houses. MORIAH, is. Essex co. N. Y., 10 m. S. of Elizabethtown, and 1 12 N. from Albany. It contains iron ore, a quarry of marble, and Some asbestos. Pop. 2,595. MORNING SUN, v. Israel ts. Treble co. Ohio, 14 m. from Eaton, has some 15 or 20 houses. MORRICHES, v. Brookhaven ts. Suffolk co. N. Y., on the S. side of Long Island, 72 m. E. from New York. MORRIS, co. N. J., bounded by Essex SE. Somerset S. Hunterdon SW. Sussex NW. and Bergen NE. Length 26 m., mean width 19. The Pompton and Rockaway rivers unite and form the Passaic, on the eastern border of this co. 6 m. above the celebrated Falls of Passaic, at the village of Paterson. Soil productive in fruits, grain, and pasturage. Chief town, Morristowru Pop. 25,844. MORRIS FLATS, Madison co. N. Y., between Morrison and Cazenovia. MORRISTOWN, ts. Lamoille co. Vt., 19 m. N. from Montpelier, and 6 S. from Hyde Park, contains a beautiful village, and has considerable business. Pop. 1,502. MORRISTOWN, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., on the river St. Lawrence, 2 m. below Brockville, 190 m. NW. from Albany. MORRISTOWN, v. and cap. Morris co. N. J., 19 m. NW. from Newark, 28 WNW. from New York, 55 from Trenton, 221 from W. C. It contains the usual county build- ines, 2banks, 2 printing-presses, an academy, 4 churches, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Bap tists, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Episcopal ians, 2 paper-mills, several taverns, 18 or 20 stores, and from 150 to 200 dwellings. MORRISTOWN, v. Belmont co. Ohio, | 27 m. from Warren, and 107 E. from Co lumbus, contains several taverns, 8 or 10 stores, 2 tanneries, a fulling-mill, a Presby terian church, and is a considerable place. MORRISTOWN, v. Henry co. II., in the NW. part of the county, on the Rock river, at the mouth of Green. MORRISTOWN, v. in the NE. part of Shelby eo. In., 26 m. ESE. from Indiana polis. . MORRISVILLE, v. Hickman co. Ken,, 313 m. SW. by W. from Frankfort. MORRISVILLE, v. and cap. in Eaton, Madison co. N. Y., 15 m. S. of the Erie canal, 102 from Albany, contains a court house, jail, several churches, an academy,* 428 MOR MOU several mills, a furnace, a comb factory, and about 130 dwellings. MORRISVILLE, v. Bucks co. Pa., on the Delaware,^ m. below Trenton, 29 above PhiladelphW, contains 12 or 15 dwellings. MORRISVILLE, v. Green co. Pa., 238 m. from Harrisburg, and 245 from W. C., in the W. part of the county. MORROW'S MILLS, v. Crown Point ts. Essex co. N. Y., on Putnam's creek. 20 m. S. from Elizabethtown. MORSEVILLE, v, Jefferson t. Schoharie co. N. Y. MORTONSVILLE, v. Woodford co. Ken., 80 m. SSE. from Frankfort. MORVEN, v. Anson co. N. C., 132 m. SW. from Raleigh. MORVEN, v. Shelby co. In., 42 m. SE. from Indianapolis. MOSCOW, v. Lafayette co. Ten., 246 m. SW. by W. from Nashville. MOSCOW, v. Hickman co. Ken., 320 m. SW. by W. from Frankfort. MOSCOW, v. Rush co. In., 52 m. SE. by E. from Indianapolis. MOSCOW, v. Leicester ts. Livingston co. N. Y., 4 m. SW, from Genesee. It is a very flourishing village, containing several stores, and about 50 dwellings. MOSCOW, ts. Somerset co. Me., 28 m. N. from Norri Jgewock, and 58 N. from Au gusta. It has a good soil, and is a pleasant village. Pop. 562. MOSCOW, v. Sumter co. Ala., 75 m. from Tuscaloosa, and 925 from W. C., con tains 15 or 20 dwellings. MOSCOW, small village in the southern limits of Clermont co. O. It is situated on the N. bank of the Ohio river, 22 m. south erly from Williamsburg, and 120 south- west erly from Columbus. MOSCOW, v. Union ts. Licking co. O., a small village of 12 or 15 houses. MOSCOW, v. Musquetin co. Iowa, on Cedar creek, W. from Bloomington. MOSCOW, v. Hillsdale co. Mich., 98 in. SW. from Detroit, and 547 from W. C., a small but increasing village. MOSS CREEK, v. Jefferson co. Ten., 239 m. E. from Nashville. MOSS'S SETTLEMENT, Pope co. II., 20 m. NNW. from Golconda. MOTTLE ISLE, isl. of Vermont, Grand Isle co. It is to the NW. from Grand Isle, and is 8 m. long and 2 wide. MOTT'S CORNERS, v. Caroline ts. Tompkins co. N. Y., 7 m. SE. from Ithaca, Contains 20 or 25 houses. MOTTVILLE, v. St. Josephs co. Mich., 151 m. SW. by W. from Detroit. MOULTON, v. Lawrence co. Ala., 100 m. from Tuscaloosa, and 780 from W. C. It is the seat of justice for the county, and contains the county buildings, and about 20 houses. MOULTONBOROUGH, ts. Carroll co. N. H., N. of lake Winnipiseogee, 65 m. NW. from Portsmouth, 48 N. from Concord, 1 and 20 E. from Plymouth. Pop. 1,752. MOULTRIEVILLE, v. S. C,, on Sulli van's island, 8 m. from Charleston. MOUNDVILLE, v. Iowa co. Wis., on the road leading from Fort Winnebago to Galena, 74 m. N. of the latter, and 52 SW, by W. from the former. MOUNTAIN ISLAND, v. Scott co. Ken. MOUNTAIN SHOALS, v. Laurens co. S,C. MOUNT AIRY, v. Surrey co. N. C. MOUNT AIRY, v. Newcastle ts. Coshoc- ton co. O., a small village of some 15 or 20 houses. MOUNT AIRY, v. Pittsylvania co. Va,, 177 m. SW. from Richmond. MOUNT AIRY, v. Tuscaloosa co. Ala., 10 m. from the town of Tuscaloosa. MOUNT AIRY, v. Bledsoe co. Ten., 153 m. SE. by E. from Nashville. MOUNT ARIEL, v. Abbeville dist. S. C., 100 m. W. of Columbia, and 526 from W. C. MOUNT BLANCHARD, v. Delaware ts, Hancock co. Ohio. MOUNT CARMEL, v. Covington co. Miss., 110 m. E. from Natchez. MOUNT CARMEL, v. Jackson co. Ten., 72 m. from Nashville, and 660 from W. C. MOUNT CARMEL, v. Fleming co. Ken., 85 m. E. from Frankfort. MOUNT CARMEL, v. and cap. Wabash co. II., on the Wabash, opposite the entrance of White r. and Patoka, 24 m. by land be low Vincennes, 25 above Harmony, contains the court-house, jail, various religious de nominations, numerous mills, 12 or 15 stores, and is a place of considerable business. MOUNT CLEMENS, t. and cap. Ma- comb co. Mich., on the river Huron of St. Clair, 4 m. from its mouth, 25 N. from De troit, and 552 from W. C., contains a court house, jail, and several stores, and is a plea sant and flourishing place. MOUNT CLINTON, v. Hackensack ts. Bergen co. N. J., on the Palisade rocks, Hudson r., 5 m. NE. from Hackensack ts. MOUNT CLIO, v. Sumpler district, S. C., 52 m. E. from Columbia. MOUNT COMFORT, v. Hardiman co. Ten., 152 m. SW. by W. from Nashville. MOUNT CRAWFORD, v. in the W, part of Rockingham co. Va., 152 m. SW. by W. from W. el MOUNT CROGHAN, v. Chesterfield dist. S. C., 110 m. NE. of Columbia. MOUNT DEFIANCE, v. Augusta co. Va., 122m. from Richmond, and 155 from W. C., a small village of 10 or 15 houses. MOUNT DEFIANCE, mt. in S. part of Ticonderoga, N. Y., W. of lake Champlain, MOUNT DESERT, isl. and ts. on the coast of Maine, in Hancock co., 40 m. E. from Castine, 295 NE. from Boston. The island is 15 m. lons and 12 broad. Pop. 1,887. MOUNT DISCOVERY, mt. Essex co. N. Y., in the S. part of Lewis. It is one of the highest mountains in the co. of Essex. MOUNT EATON, v. Wayne co. O., 104 MOU 429 m. NE. from Columbus, and contains from 25 to 30 houses. MOUNT ELON, v. Darlington dist. S. C., 75 m. E. from Columbia. MOUNT EPHRAIM, v. Gloucester ts. and co. N. J., 5 m. SE. from Camden, has 25 or 30 dwellings, a tavern, store, &c. MOUNT FLORIDA, v. Musquelin co. Iowa, on the Mississippi below Bloomington. MOUNT GALLAGHER, v. Laurens dist. S. C., 90 m. NW. from Columbia. MOUNT GILEAD, v. Loudon co. Va., on the Kittoctin mountain near the centre of the county. MOUNT GILEAD, v. Gilead ts. Marion co. 0., 18 m. E. from Marion, 23 from Dela ware, 22 from Lanburg, and 43 from Colum bus; contains 18 or 20 mechanic shops, several stores, and 35 or 40 dwellings. MOUNT GOULD, v. Bertie co. N. C., 144 m. N. of E. from Raleisjh. MOUNT HEALTHS, v7 Springfield ts. Hamilton co. O., 10 m. from Cincinnati, and 107 SW. from Columbus, a small vil lage of 12 or 15 houses. MOUNT HOLLY, v. Wayne ts. Warren co. Ohio, has some 12 or 15 houses. MOUNT HOLLY, ts. Rutland co. Vt., 25 m. W. from Windsor, and 60 S. from Montpelier; produces considerable quanti ties of wool, beef, butter, and cheese. Pop. 1,356. MOUNT HOLLY, v. and cap. Burling ton co. N. J., near Ancocus creek, 23 m. ENE. from Philadelphia, 21 from Trenton, 156 from W. C. It is a flourishing town, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market- house, a bank, 4 houses of public worship, valuable mills, 200 dwelling-houses, a board ing-school for young ladies, 8 or 10 stores, a woollen factory, a paper-mill, &c. MOUNT HOLYOKE, in Hadley, Mass., E. from Connecticut river, 3 m. SE. from Northampton. It is 830 feet above the level of Connecticut river, and affords an exten sive and beautiful view of the surrounding country. MOUNT HOPE, v. Williamsburg dist. S. C., 81 m. SE. by E. from Columbia. MOUNT HOPE, v. Lawrence co. Ala., 104 m. N. from Tuscaloosa, and 790 from W. C. MOUNT HOPE, ts. and v. Orange co. N. Y., 121 m. SW. from Albany, and about 10 m. from Port Jarvis ; the village is 12m. from Goshen, and contains 15 or 20 dwell ings. Finchville and Otisville are also in this ts. Pop. 1,565. MOUNT HOPE, v. Shenandoah co. Va. MOUNT HOPE, v. Morris co. N. J., about 4 m. N. of Rockaway. Here is a fur nace for casting hollow ware. MOUNT HOPE, hill, if. I., on the W. shore of Mount Hope bay, in the township of Bristol, 2 m. NE. of the town. It is of a conical form, with an acute and nearly pointed apex ; and though of inconsiderable height, (less than 300 feet above full tide,) the prospect from the summit is peculiarly interesting. It is famous for being the for mer residence of king Philip. MOUNT HOPE BAY, NE. part of Nar- raganset bay, extending up between Tiver- ton and Bristol, and a short distance into Massachusetts. Taunton river flows into the NE. part of it. MOUNT HOREB, v. Jasper co. Geo., 24 m. NW. from Milledgeville, and 660 from W. C. MOUNT INDEPENDENCE, mt. Or well, Vt., on E. side of lake Champlain, opposite the old fort of Ticonderoga. MOUNT JACKSON, v. N. Beaver ts. Beaver co. Pa., situated on Hickory creek, 22 m. NW. from the boro. of Beaver. MOUNT JACKSON, v. Shenandoah co. Va., 157 m. NW. from Richmond. MOUNT LEWIS, v. Lycoming co. Pa., 25 m. W. from Williamsport. MOUNT LIBERTY, settlement, Liberty ts. Knox co. Ohio, 9 m. SW. from Mt. Ver- non, and 36 from Columbus; has several stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings. MOUNT MERIDIAN, v^ in the W. part of Augusta co. Va., 176 m. SW. by W. from Washinston. MOUNT MORRIS, ts. and v. Livings ton co. N. Y., at the head of boat naviga tion on the Genesee river, 36 m. S. from Rochester, and 6 SW. from Geneseo. It contains several churches, taverns, dry- goods stores, groceries, and manufactories of various kinds, and is a flourishing busi ness place of about 100 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 4,576. MOUNT MORRIS, v. Green co. Pa., 14 m. SE. from Waynesburg. MOUNT MOURNE, v. Iredell co. N. C., 153 m. W. from RaJeish. MOUNT OLYMPUS, v. Madison co. Miss., 144 m. NE. from Natchez. MOUNT PINSON, v. Madison co. Ten., 166 m. SW. by W. from Nashville. MOUNT PISGAH, v. Iredell co. N. C., 170 m. from Raleigh, and 430 from W. C. MOUNT PLEASANT, ts. Westchester co. N. Y., on E. side of the Hudson, 36 m. N. from New York, 265 from W. C. This town possesses considerable trade. It con tains the villages of Sing Sing, Pleasantville, Sparta, and Unionville. Pop. of ts. 7,307. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Westmoreland co. Pa., 10 m. NW. from Washington. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Lancaster co. Pa., 31m. from Harrisburg, and 102 from W. C.; contains 12 or 15 houses. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Shenandoah co. Va., 13 m. SW. from Woodstock, 148 m. from Richmond, and 1 17 from W. C. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Jefferson co. Ohio, 10 m. NE. from St. Clairsville, 20 SW. from Steubenville. It is a flourishing town, and contains a market-house, a bank, and several churches. In the vicinity there are a woollen manufactory, a paper-mill, and other valuable mills, several salt works, fulling-mills, various mechanic shops, about 130 dwellings, &c. 430 MOU MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Martin co. In., 142 in. SSW. from Indianapolis. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Maury co. Ten.., 50 m. SW. from Murfreesborough, and 743 from W. C. MOUiVT PLEASANT, P. O., E. Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, 106 m. NW. from New Orleans. MOUNT PLEASANT, mills and v. Union co. Pa., 46 m. N. from Harrisburs, 152 from W. C. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Rockingham co. N. C., 135 m. NW. from Raleigh, and 300 from W. C. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Fairfield co. 8. C., 41 m. N. from Columbia. MOUNT PLEASANT, ts. Wayne co. Pa., 170 m. from Harrisburs, and 270 from W. C. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Md., in Caro line and Queen Anne cos. 11 m. E. from Churchill. MOUNT PLEASANT, t. Jefferson co. Ken. It contains a society of Friends. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Washington co. Pa., 1 1 m. NNW. from the borough of Washington, contains several stores, and 15 or 20 houses. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Clearfield co. Pa., 18 m. S. of the borough of Clearfield. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Alexandria ts. Hunterdon co. N. J., 9 m. NW. from Flem- ington, and 43 from Trenton, contains a church, and 8 or 10 dwellings. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Pequannock ts. Morris co. N. J., 10 m. NW. from Mor- ristown, has a grist-mill, and some 10 or 12 dwellinss. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Middletown ts. Monmonth co. N. J., 10 m. N. from Free hold, has a tavern, store, grist-mill, and 15 or 20 dwellings. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Monroe co. Alabama, contains some 12 or 15 houses. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Wilkinson co. Miss., 10 m. N. from Woodville, and 23 S. from Natchez. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Williamson co. Ten., 21 m. S. from Nashville, a pleasant villase. MOUNT PLEASANT, t. and cap. Har- lan co. Ken., pleasantly situated on the left bank of Cumberland river, 70 m. NNE. from Knoxville, Ten., and 153 SE. from Frankfort, contains the usual county build ings, several stores, and is a place of some business. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Racine co. Wis., W. from Racine. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. Henry co. Iowa, on Skunk river. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. NE. part of Montgomery co. In. MOUNT PLEASANT, v. St. Charles co. Miso., on the Missouri river, a small villase. MOUNT PROSPECT, v. Edgecombe co. N. Carolina. MOUNT PROSPECT, v. Warwick co. In., 197 m. from Indianapolis, in the SW. part of the state. MOUNT PULASKI, v. in the NE. part of Sangemon co. II., a small village of some 15 or 20 houses. MOUNT REPUBLIC, v. Wayne co. Pa., 10 m. NW. from Bethany. MOUNT RICHARDSON, v. Jackson co. Tennessee, a small villase of 6 or 8 houses. MOUNT SEIR, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C., 158 m. SW. by W. from Raleigh. MOUNT SHARON, v. Blount^co. Ala., 93 m. NNE. from Tuscaloosa. MOUNT SIDNEY, v. Aususta co. Va., 130 m. SW. by W. from Washington. MOUNT SOLUS, v. Hinds co. Miss., 70 m. S. from Jackson. MOUNT STEPHEN'S, v. Rockingham co. Virginia. MOUNT STERLING, v. Switzerland co. In., 103 m. SE. from Indianapolis. MOUNT STERLING, t. and cap. Mont- gomery co. Ken., 60 m. from Frankfort, and 501 from W. C. It contains a court-house, jail, bank, and academy, and is a pleasant and fiourishins villase. Pop. 585. MOUNT STERLING, v. Madison co. Ohio, about 30 m. W. from Columbus, a small village of some 10 or 12 houses. MOUNT STERLING, v. Hopewell ts. Muskingum co. 0., on the national road, 8 m. W. from Zanesville, and 45 E. from Columbus, contains 25 or 30 dwellings, several stores, 6 or 8 mechanic shops, a church, carding machine, &c. MOUNT STERLING, v. Schuyler co. II., 17 m. W. from Rushville, oh the road to Quincy, has a Presbyterian church, several stores, various mechanics, and about 200 inhabitants. MOUNT TABOR, ts. Rutland co. Vt., 26 m. W. from Windsor, and 66 SW. from Montpelier, and is a rough mountainous township. Pop. 226. MOUNT TIRZAH, v. Person co. N. C., a small villase of 8 or 10 houses. MOUNT TOM, mt. Mass., on the W. side of Connecticut river, near Northamp ton. MOUNT UNION, v. Mechanic ts. Holmes co. , a small village of some 10 or 12 houses. MOUNT UNION, v. partly in Lexinston and partly in Washington ts. Stark co. Ohio, 19 m. NE. from Canton. MOUNT UPTON, v. on Unadilla river, opposite the mouth of Butternut creek, Chenango co. N. Y., 10 m. SE. from Nor wich. MOUNT VERNON, v. Rowan co.N. C., 11 m. N. of Salisbury, and 131 W. from Raleigh. MOUNT VERNON, v. Spartanburg dist. S. C., 9 m. W. of Spartanburg, and 105 NW. from Columbia. MOUNT VERNON, v. Gadsden co. Flo rida, situated on Chattahooche river, 20 m. WNW. from Quincy, and 40 in the same direction from Tallahassee. MOU MUR 431 MOUNT VERNON. MOUNT VERNON, seat of Gen. Wash ington, pleasantly situated on the W. bank of Potomac river, 18 m. below the city of Washington, and 9 m. below Alexandria. MOUNT VERNON, v. Mobile co. Ala., 188 m. S. from Tuscaloosa. MOUNT VERNON, v. Warren co. Miss., m. NNE. f.om Natchez. MOUNT VERNON, t. Boone co. Ken., on the Ohio, 24 m. from Cincinnati. MOUNT VERNON, ts. Kennebeck co. Me., 14 m. NW. from Augusta, or Kenne beck r. It contains 3 pleasant villages, and a number of beautiful ponds. Pop. 1,475. MOUNT VERNON, ts. Hillsborough co. N.H., 28 m. S. from Concord, and 3 m. N. from Amherst. It has a beautiful village. Pop. 720. MOUNT VERNON, v. and seat of just ice, Montgomery co. Geo., 90 m. from Mil- ledgeville, and 730 from W. C. Lat. 32 13' N. MOUNT VERNON, ts. and seat of just ice, Knox co. 0., on the N. bank of Owl creek, 20 m. from its mouth. The town contains a printing-office, a brick court house and jail, a merchant-mill and a saw mill, and within 6 m. there are 9 grist and saw-mills, 3 carding-machines, one of which is for cotton, about 20 stores, 4 taverns, an oil-mill, and various establishments of less note. Distance 40 m. W. from Coshoctcn, 54 NW. from Zanesville, and 44 NE. from Columbus. Pop. 2,362. MOUNT VERNON, v. and seat of just ice, Rockcastle co. Ken., 75 m. SE. from Frankfort. Lat. 37 24' N. MOUNT VERNON, v. Bullitco. Ken., 25 m. SSE. from Louisville, is a pleasant vil lage. MOUNT VERNON, v. on the right bank of Ohio river, Posey co. In., 5 m. above the mouth of Wabash river, contains several stores, various mechanic shops, and is a pleasant and growing place. MOUNT VERNON, v. and cap. Jeffer son co. II., 69 m. S. from Vandalia, contains the county buildings, several churches, 8 or 10 stores, various mechanics, and about 200 inhabitants. It is a place of some note. MOUNT VIEW, v. Davidson co. Ten., 16 m. from Nashville. MOUNTVILLE, v. Lancaster co. Pa., 8 m. S. from Lancaster city, and 33 SE. fiom Harrisburg. MOUNT VINTAGE, v. Edgefield dist S. Carolina. MOUNT WASHINGTON, the highest of the White, mountains, N. H. According to the measurement of Capt. Partridge, it is 6,634 feet above the level of the sea. MOUNT WASHINGTON, ts. Berkshire co. Mass., 20 m. SSE. from Lenox, and 135 W. by S. from Boston. It keeps 600 sheep, and manufactures about 100,000 bushels of charcoal annually. Pop. 438. MOUNT WASHINGTON, v. Bullit co. Ken., 7 m. NE. by E. from Shepherd sville, ami 63 SW. by W. from Frankfort. MOUNT WASHINGTON, v. Copiah co. Miss., about 55 m. E. from Natchez. MOUNT WASHINGTON, v. Catahoola parish, La., 263 m. NW. from New Orleans. MOUNT WELCOME, v. Lincoln co. N. C., 159 m. W. from Raleigh. MOUNT WILLING, v. Edgefield dist. S. C., on a branch of Little Saluda, 12 m. NE. from EdgefielJ, and 40 W. from Co lumbia. MOUNT WILLING, v. East Feliciana parish, La., 12 m. E. from St. Francisville. MOUNT WILSON, v. Fentress co. Ken., 130 m. E. from Nashville. MOUNT ZION, v. Lowndes co. Miss., 10 m. from Columbus, and 256 NE. from Natchez. MOUNT ZION, v. Union co. Ken., 236 m. SW. by W. from Frankfort. MOUNT ZION, v. Hancock co. Geo., 26 m. NE. from Milledgeville. MOUNT ZION, v. Monroe co. Miso., 176 m. from St. Charles. MOUREYTOWN, v. Highland co. Ohio, 12 m. SW. from Hillsborough, a small ham let. MOXAHALA, or Jonathan's creek, ris ing in the N. part of Perry co. Ohio, flows E. across Muskingum co. into Muskingam river, which it enters, 3 m. below Zanea- ville. MUD CAMP, v. Cumberland co. Ken., 152 m. S. from Frankfort. MUD CREEK, N. Y., joins CanandaigU* creek in Phelps. 432 MUD MUS MUDDY RIVER, II., runs into the Mis sissippi. It is navigable 40 m. MUD ISLAND, fortified isl. Pa., in Dela ware river, 7 m. below Philadelphia ; the fort is now in ruins. MUHLENBURG, co. Ken., bounded N. by Green river, E. by Butler, S. by Logan and Todd, and W. by Hopkins cos. Greenville is the seat of justice. Pop. 6,964, of whom 1,196 were slaves. MULBERRY, r. runs into the N. side of the Arkansas, below Fort Smith. MULBERRY, v. Lincoln co. Ten., 50m. S. from Nashville. MULBERRY, v. Autauga co. Ala., 81 m. S. from Nashville. MULBERRY GAP, v. Claiborne county, Ten., 264 m. E. from Nashville. MULLEN'S ISLAND, isl. Florida, in the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 82 55' W. Lat. 28 1'N, MULLICA HILL, v. Gloucester co. N. J., 47 m. from Trenton, 153 from W. C., con tains several stores, and 50 or 60 dwellings. MULLICUS, r. N. J., runs into Little Egg harbor, 4 m. E. from Leeds. It is navi gable 20 m. for vessels of 60 tons. MULTNOMAH, or Wallaumut, r. falls into the Columbia from the S. about. 100 m. from the Pacific. It is 500 yards wide near its mouth, and very deep. MUMFORDSVILLE, t. and cap. Hart co. Ken., on Green river, 23 m. S. from Elizabethtown, and SW. from Frankfort ; contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and is a pleasant and flourishing place. Pop. 300. MUMFORDSVILLE, v. Monroe co. N. Y., on Allen's creek, 18 m. SW. from Ro chester. MUMMASBURG, v. Adams co. Pa., 5 m. NW. from Gettysburg, 33 m. from Har- risburg and 80 from W. C. ; contains about 20 houses. MUNCY CREEK, Pa., runs into the E. side of the Susquehannah, 23 m. above Northumberland . MUNCY, boro. Muncy Creek ts. Lycom- ing co. Pa., near the Susquehannah ; a small villase of 10 or 15 houses. MUNCYTOWN, t. and cap. Delaware co. In., 59 m. NE. from Indianapolis; con tains the usual county buildings, several stores, and is a flourishing place. MUNDFORDVILLE, t. and cap. Hart co. Ken., on Green river, 30 m. below Greens- burg, 30 from Litchfield, 105 from Frank fort, and 656 from W. C.; contains the county buildings, and 274 inhabitants. MUNSTER," v. Cambria co. Pa., 5 m. E. of Ebensburg; contains some 15 or 20 dwellings. MURFREESBOROUGH, t. Hertford co. N. C., at the head of navigation on Meher- rin river, 50 m. NW. from Edenton, 117 from Raleigh and 228 from W. C. It is a place of considerable trade, and contains several stores, a church and an academy. MURFREESBOROUGH, t. and cap. Rutherford co. Ten., and former capital of the state, 32 m. SE. from Nashville, 160 W. from Knoxville, and 685 from W. C. Lat. 35 52' N. Lon. 86 35' W. The surround ing country is level and very fertile, abound ing with wheat, cotton, and tobacco. The town was made the seat of government in 1817, and contains a court-house, jail, acade my, bank, meeting-house, and about 200 housrs, and 1,000 inhabitants. The seat of government has since been removed to Nashville. MURPHY'S SETTLEMENT, v. St. Genevieve co. Missouri, on the road from St. Louis to Arkansas and Red rivers. MURR ISLANDS, small islands near the S. coast of Labrador. Lon. 59 8' W. Lat. 50 32' N. MURRAY, co. Geo., bounded N. by Ten., E. by Gilmer, S. by Cass, and W. by Wal ker cos. Springplace is the seat of justice. Pop. 4,695, of whom 798 were slaves. MURRAY, t. Northumberland co. U. C., on the bay of Quinte, at the mouth of the river Trent. MURRAY, ts. Orleans co. N. Y., on lake Ontario, 18 m. NE. from Batavia. It con tains the villages of Holly, Sandy Creek, North Murray and Scio. Pop. 2,675. MURRAY HARBOR, harbor on the E. coast of the island of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 62 20' W. Lat. 46 N. MURRAY'S FERRY, v. Williamsburg co. South Carolina. MURRAYSVILLE, v. Carlisle ts. Lo- rain co. 0., 2 m. from Elyria, a small but pleasant village. MURRAYSVTLLE, v. Franklin ts. West moreland co. Pa., on the road from Ebons- burg to Pittsburg, 12 m. NW. from Greens- burg. MURRAYSVILLE, v. Orangeburg co. S. C., 58 m. from Columbia, and 550 from W. C.; contains 15 or 20 houses. MURRINSVILLE, v. Butler co. Pa., 18 m. from Butler ; contains about 15 dwell ings. MURRAYSVILLE, v. Buncombe co. N. C., 260 m. from Raleigh, and 525 from W. C. MUSCLE SHOALS, in Tennessee river, 250 m. above its mouth, and the same dis tance below the Suck. They extend about 25 m. ; the river spreads to the width of 3 m. and is full of islands. The passage of the shoals is difficult, except when the river is his:h. MUSCOGEE, co. in the western part of Geo., bounded N. by Harris, NE. by Talbot, E. by Marion, S. by Stewart, and W. by Chattahoochee river. Columbus is the cap. Pop. 11,699, of whom 4,700 were slaves. MUSHANAN, r. Pa., which forms the boundary between Centre and Huntingdon cos., and falls into a branch of the Susque hannah. MUSKEGO, v. Milwaukee co. Wis. MUSKINGUM, co. Ohio, on the Mus- kingum r., bounded on the N. by Coshoctori, MUS NAN 433 E. by Guernsey. S. by Morgan, and W. by Perry and Licking cos. It is 28 by 27 m. in extent. Pop. 38,749. Chief town, Zanesville. MUSKINGUM, r. Ohio, rises in Portage co. and running S. 200 m. joins the Ohio at Marietta. At its mouth, it is 250 yards wide. It is navigable 100 m. to Coshocton fur large boats, and for small boats to its source ; whence there is a portage of only one mile to the Cuyahoga, which runs into lake Erie. At Zanesville there are con siderable rapids in the river. MUSKONGUS, r. Lincoln co. Maine, which flows through WaMoborough into a bay of the same name. Muskongus island, in this bay, contains 1,000 acres. MUSQUETIN, co. Iowa, on the Missis sippi, between Cook on the N. and Louisa on the S. Cedar river, the principal branch of the L. Iowa, intersects the western part of the county. The chief town is Bloom- ington. Pop. 1.942. MUSQUITO, co. Florida, bounded N. by St. Johns and Alachua cos., E. by the At lantic, S. by Monroe, and W. by the Semi- nole reserve and Alachua co. It is very ex tensive, embracing the most of the east coast of Florida. The most of it is unex plored. New Smyrna is the seat of justice. Pop. 73. MYERSTOWN, t. Lebanon co. Pa., 32 in. E. from Harrisburg. MYSTIC, r. Mass., which flows into Boston harbor. It is navigable for sloops to M^dford, 4 m. MYSTIC RIVER, v. New London co. Ct. N. NAAMAN'S CREEK, r. Delaware, which runs into the river Delaware, near the line of Pa. NACOGDOCHES, v. and seat of justice of Naco'doches co. Texas, near the head waters of the Netches. Lon. 94 17' W. Lat. 31 27' N. It is a small town, 60 m. from the Sabine river. NAGRACA, r. Missouri, which joins the Arkansas about Lon. 99 20' W. It is navi gable 150 m. NAHANT, a peninsula, Mass., in the township of Lynn, 9 m. S. from Salem, 14 m. NE. from Boston. It is connected with the main land by a narrow isthmus, more than a mile and a half in length. It is divided into Great Nahant, Little Nahant, and Bass Neck. On Great Nahant, the eastern divi sion, containing 305 acres of highly cultivated and fertile land, there are several dwelling- houses. At the east end, at low water, in the pools among the rocks, is found the Ani mal Flower, or Rose Fish, adhering to small stones in water 4 or 5 feet deep. There is a chasm 30 feet in depth on the northern shore, called the Spouting Horn, into which, at about half-tide, the water rushes with great violence and a tremendous sound. NAMASKET, r. Mass., which joins E 2 Bridgewater river, N. of Middleborough, to form the river Taunton. NANGIRA, or Neongee, r. southerly branch of the Osage. About 20 m. from its mouth there is a cascade of 90 feet perpen dicular, and near it are two smaller ones. NANJEMOY, town and port of entry, Charles co. Md., near the river Nanjemoy, which flows into the Potomac, SW. from Port Tobacco. It is a place of some trade. NANKIN, v. Richland co. Ohio, 15 m. N W. from Mansfield, has several stores, and 15 or 20 houses. NANKIN, v. Wayne co. Mich., 17 m. W. from Detroit, contains 15 or 20 houses. NANSEMOND, co. SE. part of Va., bounded NW. by the Isle of Wight co. E! by Norfolk co. S. by N. C., and W. by South ampton co. Chief town, Suffolk. Pop. 10,795, of whom 4,530 were slaves, and 1,407 free colored. NANSEMOND, r. Va., which runs into the Hampton Road. It is navigable for vessels of 100 tons to Suffolk, and for those of 250 to Sleepy-Hole. NANTICOKE, ts. Broome co. N.Y., 12m. N. from Binghampton and 144 from Albany. In the NW. part of the town is a sulphur spring, much resorted to, near which is a hotel, and some 10 or 12 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 400. NANTICOKE, creek of Broome co. N. Y., rises between Chenango and Owego rivers, and falls into theSusquehannah about midway between Chenango Point and Owes:o. NANTICOKE, r. Md., which rises in Delaware, and runs SW. into Fishing Bay in the Chesapeake. NANTICOKE FALLS, in Pa., on the Susquehannah, 7* m. below Wilkesbarre. NANTUCKET, isl. Mass., 10 m. E. from Martha's Vineyard, about 8 leagues S. from Cape Cod. Lon. 69 56' to 70 13' W. Lat. 41 13' to 41 22' N. It is of triangular form, about 15 m. long, and 11 broad in the widest place, containing 29,380 acres. The land is held in common by the inhabitants, and though of a good quality, is little culti vated by them, as they are generally em ployed in the whale fisher}', in which employ ment their enterprise and success have gained them great celebrity. Nantucket, with several small islands near it, forms a county, and contains but one town, which is of the same name with the island. It employs about 75 vessels in the fishery, and imports annually upwards of one million gallons of sperm and whale oil ; the amount of which is more than $1,000,000. Pop. 9,012. NANTUCKET, ts. and s-p. on the above island, 40 m. SE. from Falmouth, 60 SE. from New Bedford, 123 SSE. from Boston. Lon. 70 8' W. Lat. 41 16' N. It is situat ed on an arm of a small bay in the NW. side of the island. This bay is formed by two projecting points, the longer of which,, extending in a NW. direction, is called Sandy Point, on which Is a light-house. 434, NAN NAS The town contains between 700 and 800 dwelling-houses, several houses of public worship, 2 banks, 2 insurance offices, a woollen manufactory, and 30 spermaceti works, which employ a capital of $600,000. The harbor is well land-locked, and safe from all winds. Its manufactures consist of vessels, whale-boats, bar iron, oil casks, can dle-boxes, &c., total annual value about $2,500,000. Pop. 9,012. NANTUXET CREEK, r. N. J., which runs into Delaware bay. Lon. 75 16' W. Lat. 39 21' N. NAPANOCK, v. Wawarsing ts. Ulster co. N. Y., near the junction of the Rondour and Sandberg, on the canal, 26 m. from Kingston ; contains a very extensive tan nery, an edge tool and axe factory, besiiles several olhermills of less note, and 25 or 30 dwellings. NAPIERSVILLE, v. in the SW. part of Cook co. II., 24 m. WSW. from Chicago, has several stores, and 30 or 40 families. NAPLES, v. Morgan co. II., on the Illi nois river. Its commerce is considerable. Annual exports of produce about $970,00,). Imports about $25,000. It has a number of stores, various mechanic shops, and about 100 dwellings. NAPLES, ts. and v. Ontario co. N. Y., 18 m. S. from Canandaigua, 216 m. W. from Albany. The village contains 50 houses. Pop. 2,345. NAPLES, ts. Cumberland co. Me., 63 m. SW. from Augusta, and 27 NW. from Port land. It has good mill privileges, and a productive soil. Pop. 758. NAPLES BAY, or Henderson bay, ex tends from Hungry bay, SW. into Henderson, N. Y. NAPOLEON, v. Ripley co. In., 67 m. SE. from Indianapolis. NAPOLEON, v. Jackson co. Mich., 79 m. from Detroit, and 553 from W. C. NAPOLEON, t. at the NW. corner of Lafayette co. Miso., on the Missouri river. NAPOLEON, v. and cap. of Henry co. O., on the N. bank of the Maumee river, and promises to become of some note. NAPOLEON, v. Arkansas co. Ar., 139 miles from Little Rock, and 1,089 from W. C. NARKEETA, v. Kemper co. Miss., 115 m. from Jackson, and 964 from W. C. NAPOLEONVILLE, v. Assumption co. Ln., 98 m. from New Orleans, and 1,301 from W. C. NARRAGANSET, a beautiful bay which opens into the southern coast of R. I., be tween Seaconnet rocks on the E.' and Point Judith on the W. extending N. 28 m. to the city of Providence, where it terminates. It has an average width of about 10 m., vary ing from 1 to 15. It has been suggested by the navy commissioners, that this bay would afford the most eligible site for a naval depot that could be found NE, of the Chesa peake. NARRAGUAGUS, v. Washington co. Me., on the Narraguagus, 37 m. W. from Machias. NARRAGUAGUS, r. Me., which runs into Narraguagus bay, at Harrington. NARROWS, T&e, 'channel between Long Island and Staten Island, connecting New York bay with the Atlantic, 9 m. S. from K York. The channel is a little more than a mile wide, and is well defended by forts and batteries. NARROWS, The, in lake George, N. Y., opposite Bolton, 14 m. N. from Caldwell. NASH, co. central part cf N. C., bounded N. by Halifax, E. by Edgecombe, S. by Johnson, and W. by Franklin cos. Chief town, Nashville. Pop. 9,047, of whom 3,697 were slaves, and 409 free colored. NASHABA, co. Miss., bounded N. by Winston, E. by Kemper, S. by Newton, and W. by Leake cos. Philadelphia is the seat of justice. Pop. 2,437, of whom 744 were slaves. NASHUA, ts. Hillsborough co. N. H., 34 m. SE. from Concord, 12 SE. from Amherst, and 12 NW. from Lowell. The village of Nashua, on Nashua river, contains 8 churches. 50 stores, 8 or 10 taverns, a bank, and 5 large cotton-mills, which consume 4,500,- 000 Ibs. of cotton per annum. The number of hands employed in these works is about .1,500; there are other manufactories on Nashua river and Salmon brook. A rail road connects this place with Lowell. Pop. oft--. 6,054. NASHUA, r. which rises in Worcester co. Mass., and runs NE. into the Merrimack at Nashua Village, N. H., H m. above the meeting-house. Length 40 m. NASHAUN, one of the Elizabeth islands, Mass., E. of Buzzard's bay, NW. of Martha's Vineyard. NASHPORT, v. Muskingum co. O., situated on the Ohio and Erie canal, 13 m. from Newark, and 48 from Columbus ; has several stores, 3 warehouses, and 20 or 40 dwelling, and is increasing rapidly. NASHVILLE, t. and cap. Davidson co., and capital of the state of Tennessee, on S. side of the Cumberland, 110 m. N. from Hnntsville, 190 W. from Knoxville, 250 SW. from Lexineton, 430 NE. by N. from Natchez, 714 SW. from Washington, 594 NE. from New Orleans, 294 SW. from Cin cinnati, 288 S. from Indianapolis, and 937 SW. from N. Y. The town is adorned with one of the largest and handsomest market- houses in the western country. It is the seat of the university of Nashville, which, in regard to its professorships, library, chpmical and philosophical apparatus, the estimation of its president, and the actual fruits of its utility, has taken a high placa among western institutions of the kind. It was founded in 1806, and the number of students ranges from 70 to 100. Number of volumes in the libraries, 3,000. The commencement is on the first Wednesday in October. There are two vacations in a year; the first, from commencement 5J NAS NAV 435 -weeks; the second, from first Wednesday in April 5? weeks. This town contains also, a number of churches, a lyceum, anc many handsome private dwellings. It issue? four or live gazettes, which rank among th most respectable in the West. The citizens in general evince an encouraging interest ir the advancement of science, literature, anc taste. Few towns impart more pleasani impressions of general hospitality anc urbanity to strangers. There is a steam boat navigation from Nashville to New Or leans. The Cumberland is navigable to this place for vessels of 30 or 40 tons, 9 months in the year, and at certain times, for ships of 400 tons. Pop. 6,929. NASHVILLE, v. Boone co. Mo., 31 m. from Jefferson city, an 1 1,011 from W. C. NASHVILLE, v. Lovvndes co. Miss., 150 m. from Jackson, and 916 from W. C. NASHVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Nash co. N. C., 50 m. NE. by E. from Ralei-h, 273 from W. C. NASHVILLE, v. Holmes co. O., 1 1 m. NW. from Millersburg, and 80 NW. from Columbus; contains several stores, various mechanic shops, about 25 dwell ings, &c. NASHVILLE, v. Harrison t. Darke co. 0., a small village of 15 or 20 houses. NASHVILLE, v. and cap. Washington co. II., about 35 m. SW. from Vandalia. It contains several stores, various mechanics, and 20 or 25 houses. NASHVILLE LANDING, v. Boone co. Miso., on the Missouri river. NASSAU, co. Florida, in the NE. corner ; boun led N. by St. Mary's river, which sepa rates it from Georgia, E. by the Atlantic, S. by Duval, and W. by St. Mary's river, separating it from Columbia co. Popula tion, 1,892. NASSAU, ts. andv. Rensselaer co.N. Y., 15 m. SE. from Albany, contains the villages of Nassau, East Nassau, Brainerd's Bridge and Alps. The village of Nassau, llm. from Albany, contains 3 churches, an acade my, various mechanic shops, and about 50 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 3,236. NASSAU, r. Florida, rising between St. John's and St. Mary's rivers, and flowing parallel to each, falls into the Atlantic Ocean between Talbot and Amelia islands, after a comparative course of about 70 m. Lat. 30 44' N. Lon. 81 42' W. NATCH AUG, r. Ct., which joins the She- tucket, in Windham. NATCHEZ, city and port of entry, Ad ams co. Mississippi, on E. bank of the Mis sissippi, 322 m. above New Orleans by the course of the river. 156 by land, 90 W. from Monticello, 430 SW. by S. from Nashville, 1,146 from W. C. The site of the town is very irregular, the principal part being built on a hicrh bluff, and the remainder at its foot on the bank of the river. The streets of the upper town are regular, crossing at right angles. It contains a court-house, jail, a bank, an academy, several churches, and is sues 3 or 4 weekly newspapers, and is a flourishing place. Pop. 4,800. NATCHITOCHES, t. and cap. Natchi- toches co. La., on the SW. bank of Red r., about 200 m. above its junction with the Mississippi, 200 in a ri2:ht line NW". from New Orleans, and 1,448 from W. C. Lon. 93 10' W. Lat. 31 46' N. This town was settled before New Orleans, but continued until lately an inconsiderable village. It is now flourishing, and contains a Roman Catholic church, a jail, a U. S. factory, and about 2,000 inhabitants. NATCHITOCHES, the north-western pa- rish in Louisiana, hounded N. by Arkansas, E. by Washita parish, SE. by Rapules, S. by St. Landry parish, SW. by Sabine river, and W. by Texas. Natchitoches is the capital. Pop. 14,350. NATICK, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., situ ated on Charles river, 17 m.W. of Boston, and 12 S. from Concord. It manufactures annu ally about 250,000 pairs of shoes. Pop. 1,285. NATURAL BRIDGE. NATURAL BRIDGE, in Rockbrider months for the citizens of New York. NEW BRITAIN, v. of Berlin ts. Hartford co. Con., 10 m. SW. from Hartford. It contains a variety of manufactories, and is one of the most thriving and pleasant vil lages in the state. NEW BROWNSVILLE, Wayne co. Ohio, on Jerome's fork. It is a flourishing place. NEW 439 NEW BRUNSWICK, in British America. See page 167. NEW" BRUNSWICK, city, N. J., partly in Middlesex and partly in Somerset co. on SW. side of the Raritan, 17 m. by the course of the river above Raritan bay, 12 W. from Amboy, 16 NE. from Princeton, 30 SW. from i\ T . York by land, and 40 by water, 56 NE. from Philadelphia, and 194 from W. C. It contains an elegant court-house of brick, a jail, a market-house, 1 bank, a college, in which is included a theological department, and several houses of public worship, 2 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Dutch Reformed, 1 for Baptists, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Roman Catholics. A considerable part of the town is situated rather low, but it is accounted healthy, and has an extensive trade. The number of stores is about 125. Many of the houses are spacious and elegant, ornamented with fine gardens. The New Jersey rail-road passes through the city, by which passengers are taken 4 times a day to New York, be sides a daily communication by steam-boat, which makes New Brunswick as a suburb of New York. The Delaware and Raritan canal enters the river here, by a lock 12 feet lift. From the canal a very important water power is obtained with a fall of 14 feet, on which are now erected a saw-mill, doing an extensive business, and 2 paper- hanging manufactories. All things consider ed, no place offers greater inducements to the manufacturer. The Raritan is navigable as far as this place for sloops of 80 tons. Rutgers College was founded in this place by ministers of the Dutch Reformed church, in 1770. The builrling is a handsome stone edifice, 3 stories high, It has 5 instructors, and the number of students ranges from 70 to 100. Commencement, 3d Wednesday in August. The first vacation is from com mencement to Sept. 15th; the 2d, from Dec. 21st to Jan. 7th; the 3d, from April 7th to May 1st. The grammar school under the care of the college faculty is a flourish ing institution, and has from 60 to 100 pupils. Pop. 963. NEW BRUNSWICK, v. in the S. part of Clay co. In., on Eel river. NEW BUFFALO, v. Berrien co. Mich., on L. Michigan, at the mouth of Galien r. NEW BUFFALO, v. Buffalo t. Perry co. Pa., on the Susquehannah, 12 m. NE. from Bloomfield. NEWBURG, v. Green co. In., on the W. fork of White river, 7 m. S. from Bloom- field. NEWBURG, v. Warwick co. In., 181 m. SSW. from Indianapolis. NEWBURGH, Is. Penobscot co. Me., 54 m. N. from Augusta, 14 SW. from Bangor. It is a good te. of land. Pop. 963. NEWBURGH, ts. and v. and half-shire Orange co. N. Y., on the W. bank of the Hudson, 95 m. S. of Albany, and 70 on the stage-road N. of N. Y. The village is pleasantly situated on the Hudson, 20 m. E. from Goshen. It contains a court-house, and several houses of public worship, for Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Methodists, Baptists, Dutch Reformed, Associate Re formed, and Covenanters, 2 banks, an academy for males, and 1 for females, seve ral \igh schools, all flourishing, 2 spacious hotels, besides several taverns, a whaling company, 40 or 50 stores, a brewery, makinsr the famed Newburgh ale, and about 800 houses. Near the village, on Chambers ^reek, are 2 paper-mills, 4 plaster-mills, a factory for cotton and woollen machinery, and a powder manufactory, making powder of a superior quality. Pop. of ts. 8,933. NEWBURY, ts. Orange co. Vt., on Con necticut river, opposite Haverhill, 34 m, ESE. from Montpelier, and 47 above Wind sor, contains a number of mineral springs of some celebrity in scrofulous and cutaneous complaints, and 1 manufactures of various kinds. Pop. 2,578. NEWBURY, ts, Essex co. Mass., on the S. bank of Merrimack river, opposite to Salisbury, with which it is connected by a bridge, 24 m. N. from Salem, .32 NNE. from Boston. It contains 2 academies, 5 Congre gational churches, manufactures of cotton goods, leather, carriages, fishing-nets, bed- cords, cotton lines, &c. Annual value about $75,000. Pop. 3,789. NEWBURY, ts. Merrimack co. N. H., 40 m. NW. from Amherst, and 3 W. by N. from Concord. The land is generally good. Pop. 816. NEWBURYPORT, ts. and port of entry, Essex co. Mass., on the S. bank cf the Mer rimack, 3 m. from its mouth, 24 N. from Sa lem, 24 SSW. from Portsmouth, 33 NNE. from Boston. Its manufactures consist of cotton goods, bar iron, iron castings, vessels, snuff, cigars, organs, soap, candles, &c. &c. Annual amount about $350,000. Pop. 7,161. NEW CARLISLE, v. Clark co. O., 12 m. W. from Springfield, and 55 from Colum bus, has several stores and churches, vari ous mechanic shops, and from 70 to 80 dwellings. NEW CARLISLE, v. Walnut Creek ts. Holmes co. 0., a small village of some 15 or 20 houses. NEW CARTHAGE, v. Concordia parish, La., 284 m. NW. from New Orleans. NEW CASTINE, v. Butler ts. Darke co. Ohio, a small hamlet of some 12 or 15 houses. NEW CASTLE, v. Schuylkill co. Pa., 4 m. NW. from Pottsville. It is a very flour ishing village, situated in the coal region. Pop. about 500. NEW CASTLE, v. Botetourt co. Va., at the forks of Craig's creek, 15 m. S. of W. from Fincastlc, and 252 SW. by W. from W.C. NEW CASTLE, v. in the SW. part of McLean co. II., a small but pleasant village. NEW CASTLE, t. and cap. of Henry co. la,, near the centre of the county, 49 m. ENE. from Indianapolis, contains a court- 440 NEW house, jail, several stores, and is a pleasant and flourishing town. NEW CASTLE, v. Mercer co. Va., 16 m. SW. from Mercer boro., at the confluence of Shenan:o and Neshannock creeks. NEW CASTLE, v. Wilkes co. N. C., 175 in. N. of W. from Raleigh. NEWCASTLE, ts. Lincoln co. Me., 7 ra. NNE. from Wiscasset, 165 NE. from Boston. Here is an academy, and it is flour ishing in its trade and navigation. Pop. 1,712. NEWCASTLE, or Great Island, isl. and ts. Rockingham co. N. H., in the mouth of the Piscataqua, 2 m. E. from Portsmouth. On the NE. point are a light-house and a fort. Pop. 742. NEWCASTLE, ts. and v. Westchester co. N. Y., 6 m. W. from Bedford, 37 N. from New York. The village, near the west boundary, contains about 30 dwellings, &c. Pop. of ts. 1,529. NEWCASTLE, co. Del., bounded N. by Pennsylvania, E. by Delaware river and bay, S. by Kent co. and W. by Maryland. The Chesapeake and Delaware canal cross es this co. Length 36 m., mean width 12 ; area 432 sq. ms. Pop. 33,120. Chief towns, Newcastle and Wilmington. NEWCASTLE, t. and cap. Newcastle co. Delaware, on W. bank of the r. Delaware, 5 m. SSW. from Wilmington, 33 SW. from Philadelphia, 103 from W. C. Lon. 75 35' W. Lat. 39 43' N. It contains 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians and 1 for Presbyterians, a court-house, a jail, an acad emy, a bank, and about 150 houses, arid has some trade. A rail-road passes from this place to Frenchtown, Md. NEWCASTLE, v. Mercer co. Pa., 232 m. from Karrisburg, and 264 from W. C. NEWCASTLE, t. Hanover co. Va., on the Pamunky, 24 m. NE. from Richmond. FEW CASTLE, v. Hardiman co. Ten., 170 m. from Nashville, and 861 from W. C. NEWCASTLE, t. and cap. Henry co. Ken., on the river Kentucky, 18 m. S. from Westport, 556 from W. C. It contains the county buildings, a bank, and about 150 houses. NEW CHESTER, ts. Grafton co. N. H., on the Merrimack, in the south-east part of the county. NEW CHESTER, v. Strabane ts. Adams co. Pa., 9 m. NE. from Gettysburg. NEW CITY, v. Clarkstown ts. Roekland co. N. Y., containing the court-house and county building?, and 15 or 20 houses. NEW COLUMBIA, v. Union co. Pa., situated on the W. branch of Susquehannah river, 12 m. NE. from New Berlin, and 68 from Harrisburg. NEW COLUMBUS, v. Huntingdon ts. Luzerneco. Pa., contains 10 or 12 dwellings. NEWCOME, v. Preble co. 0., 94 m. from Columbus, 42 from Dayton. It is a flourishing village, and contains 60 or 70 dwellings. Its name was changed to Cam den in 1835. NEWCOMERSTOWN, settlement, in the SW. quarter of Tuscarawas co. O., 18 m, SW. by W. from New Philadelphia, 4 E. from Coshocton, and 82 NE. from Co lumbus. It is a flourishing village. NEW CONCORD, v. Columbia co. N.Y., 48 m. from Albany, and 18 from the Hud son, has 15 or 20 houses. NEW CONCORD, v. Muskingum co. O., on the national road, 15 m. E. from Zanesville; has several stores, a fulling- milt, carding-machine, and from 40 to 50 dwellings. NEW COVINGTON, v. Luzerne co. Pa., 19 m. N. from Wilkesbarre, and 144 NE. from Harrisburg. NEW CUMBERLAND, v. Allen ts. Cumberland co. Pa., situated on the Sus quehannah, 3 m. S. from Harrisburg. NEW CUMBERLAND, v. Tuscarawas co. O., 100 m. E. from Columbus, and 10 E. from New Philadelphia ; contains several stores, and mechanic shops, and some 20 or 25 dwellings. NEWDERRY, v. Deny ts. Westmore land co. Pa., 6 m. E. from Greensburg. NEW DESIGN, v. Trieg co. Ken., 217 m. SW. by W. from Frankfort. NEW DESIGN, settlement in Monroe co. II., 4 m. S. from Waterloo. This is one of the oldest American settlements in Illinois. NEW DURHAM, ts. Strafford co. N. H., 40 m. NW. from Portsmouth, 3 NE. from Concord, and 32 from Dover. It contains a remarkable cave. Pop. 1,132. NEW ECHOTA, v. and cap. Murray co. Geo., 177 m. from Milledgeville, and 639 from W. C. ; contains the county buildings and some 15 or 20 houses. NEW EGYPT, v. Monmouth co. N. J., 35 m. NE. by E. from Philadelphia ; has a grist-mill, several stores, a Methodist church, and some 20 or 25 dwellings. NEW ENGLAND, name given at an early period to all the country that lies be tween Canada and New York, and which at present comprises New Hampshire, Massa chusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Ver mont, and Maine. NEW FxVIRFIELD, ts. Fairfield co. Ct. It is situated between Brookfield and the state of New York, 64 m. SW. from Hart ford. Pop. 956. NEW FANE, ts. Windham co. Vt. It is situated on the E. side of West river, 8 m. NW. from Fulham, 100 from Montpelier. It contains 2 pleasant villages. Pop. 1,043. NEWFANE, t. Niagara co. N. Y., 10 m. N. of Lockport, and 276 W. from Albany. Kempville and Charlotte are villages. Pop. 2,372. NEWFIELD, ts. and v. Tompkins co. N. Y., 210 m. W. from Albany, and 9 from Ithaca. The village contains about 75 dwellings. Pop. 3,567. NEWFIELD, ts. York co. Me., 40 m. NNW. from York, 99 from Augusta, and very productive of ,wheat and wool. Pop. 1,354. NEW 441 NEWFOUND LAKE, lake, N. H., in Hebron, New Chester, Alexandria, and Bridgewater, 5 m. long from N. to S. and 2? broad. NEWFOUNDLAND, isl. on the E. coast of N. America, between 47 and 52 N. Lat. It was discovered by Sebastian Cabot in 1496, and, after many disputes with the French, it was ceded to the English in 1713. It is of a triangular form, from 300 to 350 m. on a side. It has several harbors, and there are about 500 or 600 English families settled here, beside the garrison of St. John, Placentia, and other forts. In the fishing season, which begins in May and ends in September, it is resorted to by at least 10,000 people, on account of the cod fisheries on the. banks near it. NEWFOUND RIVER, r. N. H., which flows from Newfound lake, and after a southerly course of 4 or 5 m. runs into the Merrimack near Bristol. NEW FRANKLIN, v. Stark co. 0., 15 m. E. from Canton, and 20 W. from New Lisbon ; contains several stores and 20 or 30 houses. NEW GARDEN, v. Guilford eo. Va., 82 m. NW. by W from Raleish. NEW GARDEN, v. Wayne co. In., 84 m. E. from Indianapolis. NEW GARDEN, v. Robinson co. N. C. NEW GARDEN, v. Columbiana co. 0., 142 m. from Columbus. NEW GENEVA, v. Fayette co. Pa.; contains 15 or 20 houses. NEW GERMANTOWN, v. Hunterdon co. N. J., 14 m. NE. from Flemington, 45 from Trenton, and 211 from W. C. ; has 2 churches, several stores, about 30 dwellings, &c. NEW GERMANTOWN, v. Perry co. Pa., 20 m. W. from Bloomfield, and 46 from Harrisburg. NEW GILEAD, v. Moore co. N. C., 8 m. SW. from Carthage, and 63 from Ra- leisrh. NEW GLASGOW, v. Amherst co. Va. Here is an academy for young ladies. NEW GLOUCESTER, ts. Cumberland co. Me., 23 m. N. from Portland, 38 from Augusta, and has mills of various kiads. Pop. 1,946. NEW GOSHENHOPPEN, v. Montgome ry co. Pa., 21 m. NW. from Norristown, and 37 from Philadelphia. NEW GUILFORD, v. Coshocton co. 0., 55 m. NE. from Columbus, and contains from 80 to 100 inhabitants. NEW HAGERSTOWN, v. Carroll co. O., on Conoten creek, 124 m. NE. from Columbus, and 12 SW. from Carrolton, has several stores, 1 church, and 35 or 40 dwell ings. NEW HAMBURG, v. Dutchess co, N. Y., on both sides of Wappinger's creek at its mouth, 10 m. S. from Poughkeepsde, eontains about 25 dwellings, &c. NEW HAMPSHIRE, one of the U. S. See p. 48. F 2 NEW HAMPTON, ts. Belknap co.N. H., on the Merrimack, 30 m. above Concord. It has an academy and theolosical institu tion in hish repute. Pop. 1,809. NEW HAMPTON, v. Hunterdon co. N. J., 21 m. N. by W. from Flemington, 40 NW, from New Brunswick, and 41 from Trenton, has several stores, 25 or 30 dwellings, &c. NEW HANOVER, co. N. C., bounded by the Atlantic ocean SE. Cape Fear river or Brunswick SW. Bladen W. Sampson NW. Duplin N. and Orslon E. Length 50 m., mean width 25. Surface mostly flat, and in part marshy. Staples, cotton and tobacco. Chief town, Wilmington. Pop. 13,312, of whom 6,376 were slaves, and 565 free colored. NEW HANOVER, v. Posey co. In., 171 m. from Indianapolis, and 732 from W. C. NEW HARRISBURG, v. Wayne ts. Jef ferson co. O., a small village of 12 or 15 houses. NEW HARTFORD, ts. Litchfield co. Ct., 22 m. W. by N. of the city of Hartford, and 12 m. NE. of Litchfield, the shire town. Pop. 1,703. NEW HARTFORD, ts. and v. Oneida co. N. Y., 4 m. W. from Utica, on the Chenango canal ; the village contains 2 churches, several extensive cotton factories, a dyeing and printing factory, a paper-mill, several stores, and 130 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 3,819. NEW HAVEN, ts. Addison co. Vt., on Otter creek, 30 m. from Montpelier, and 7 NW. from Middlebury. It has some manu factures. Pop. 1,503. NEW HAVEN, co. Ct., bounded by Long Island sound S. Housatonic river or Fair- field SW. Litchfield NW. Hartford N. and Middlesex NE. Length 27 m., mean breadth 22. This county is one of the most pleasingly diversified of any in the United States. A chain of mountains of moderate elevation, pervades it from SSW. to NNE. and the surface is in general undulating, except near the Sound. Chief town, New Haven. Pop. 48,619. NEW HAVEN, city, seaport, and cap. of'New Haven co. Ct., and semi-capital of the state, stands at the head of a bay which opens 4 m. into the land, from Long Island sound. It is surrounded by a beautiful and extensive plain, bounded on all sides, except towards the water, by lofty hills, which rise in some places to the height of 300 or 400 feet. It is laid out with great regularity and neatness ; the streets are 64 feet in width, and their intersections rectangular. A square in the centre is laid out as a pub lic ground. It is adorned with rows of handsome shade trees and spacious walks. On this square stand the public buildings, the college edifices, and 4 churches. For beauty, there are few squares in the Union to compare with this. Two of the churches are for Congregalionalists, and are very eleerant structures. Another is for Episco palians, and is a most superb Gothic edilice 442 NEW of stone. The state-house, which stands in front of this square, is one of the handsomest buildings of the kind in the United States. This city contains also a Methodist meeting house, a jail, an alms-house, a museum, an observatory, 5 banks, a large gun factory, and manufactories of paper and coMon, be sides a great variety of other articles of less note, employing an extensive capital, and a large number of hands. Yale College, at this place, was founded in 1700, and ranks as the second literary institution in the Union. The college library contains 8,500 volumes, and the student,', 9,000. The philosophical and chemical apparatus is excellent and complete. The faculty consists of a president, 10 professors, and 5 tutors. The whole number of students ranges at about 400, divided among the departments of law, medi cine, theology, and the academic course. The students attend the lectures of the sev eral professors on their respective branches, and have frequent exercises in speaking and composition. Commencement is held on the 2d Wednesday in September. There are 3 vacations ; the 1st from commence ment, 6 weeks ; the 2d from the 2d Wed nesday in January, 3 weeks ; the 3d from the Wednesday immediately preceding the 2d Thursday in May, 3 weeks. There is connected with the college, a Medical In stitution, which was established in 1813, and has 4 professors, one of materia medica and botany, one of the theory and practice of physic, surgery, and obstetrics, one of chemistry and pharmacy, and one of anato my and physiology. The Medical College is an elegant edifice of stone. There are belonging to this department a valuable anatomical museum, and a medical library. The lectures commence on the 1st of No vember. The course of each professor in cludes about 100 lectures. There are besides 40 well conducted academies and private schools, some of which are of an elevated character, for females. There are here from abroad more than f,000 persons con stantly, for the purposes of education. The other literary and scientific societies are the Connecticut academy of arts and sciences, the American Geological Society, the Yale Natural History Society, Mechanics' Society for the promotion of useful arts, and en couragement of industry and merit, and the Young Mechanics' Institute. The village of Fair Haven, on both sides of the Quinni- piack, a part in the city limits, has 2 churches, and a flourishing high school, call ed the Fair Haven Institute. It carries on an extensive business. The village of West- ville contains about 800 inhabitants, and various manufactures. New Haven is the largest seaport in the state, and has a large amount of shipping. Total amount, 9,500 tons. A line of packets plies between this and New York city, and it has daily commu nication with it by steam-boats. It is also connected with Hartford by a rail-road, and with Northampton by a canal. Pop. 12,960. NEW HAVEN, ts. and v. Oswego co. N. Y., 160 m. from Albany, productive in grass. The village contains about 25 dwellings. NEW HAVEN, v. Huron co. Ohio, 22 m. N. from Mansfield, 28 from Huron, and 90 E. from Columbus ; contains several stores, a tin and sheet iron manufactory, and is a flourishing place. NEW HAVEN, ts. New Haven co. Ct., and containing New Haven city. Pop. 14,390. NEW HAVEN, v. Gallatin co. II., 74 m. SSE. from Vandalia ; has a saw and flour ing mill, several stores, and about 20 families. NEW HAVEN, v. Nelson co. Ken., 66 m. from Frankfort, and 617 from W. C. NEW HAVEN, v. Fayette co. Pa., on the W. bank of the Youghiogeny river, 12 m. NE. from Uniontown. NEW HOLLAND, v. Pickaway co. O., 40 m. SW. from Columbus, and 15 W. from Circlevil'le, and is a beautiful village. NEW HOLLAND, t. Lancaster co. Pa., 13 m. NE. from Lancaster; contains 15 or 20 houses. NEW HOPE, v. Spartansburg district, S. C., 112 m. from Columbia, and 485 from W. C. NEW HOPE, v. Hancock co. Geo., 20 m. from Millpdgeville. NEW HOPE, v. Bucks co. Pa., on the Delaware river, 1 1 m. E. from Doylestown, and 34 NE. from Philadelphia. At this place there is a fine bridge over the Dela ware, 1,050 feet long, and 33 wide, erected in 1814. The village contains several stores, 2 taverns, an iron-foundery, several mills, and various mechanic shops, and is a place of considerable business. It has about 25 houses. NEW HOPE, v. Augusta co. Va., 152 m. SW. by W. from. Washington. NEW HOPE, v. Lincoln co. Ten., 56 m. S. from Nashville. NEW HOPE, v. Scott ts. Brown co. O., 97 m. SW. from Columbus ; has several stores, a merchant-mill, and 20 or 25 dwell ings. NEW HOPE, v. Augusta co. Va., 114 m. WNW. from Richmond, and 152 SW. by W. from Washington. NEW HOPE, settlement, in the NW, part of McDonough co. II. NEW IBERIA, v. Louisiana, parish of St. Martin's, on the right bank of Teche, 48 m, above its mouth/consisting of one street along the river, containing about 40 houses, and 200 inhabitants. The bank is here something higher than it is either above or below ; schooners drawing 4 or 5 feet water come up to New Iberia at all seasons. Lat. 30 N. NEWINGTON, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., on the E. side of Great bay, 5 m. NW. from Portsmouth. This place is connected with Goat Island, by a bridge 2,600 feet NEW 443 loosr, and 4 wide, which cost $65,40 1 . Pop. 543. NEW IPSWICH, ts. Hillsborough co. N. H., 52 m. N. from Boston. It contains an academy and a number of mills, 4 cotton- factories, &c. &c. Pop. 1,578. NEW JERSEY, one of the states of the U. S. See page 74. NEW KENT, co. Va., bounded N. by Pamunky river, E. by James City co, S. by Charles City and Henrico cos., and W, by Hanover co. Chief town, New Kent C. H. Pop. 6,230, of whom 3,385 were slaves, and 373 free colored. NEW KENT, v. and cap. New Kent co. Va., 30 m. E. from Richmond, and 133 SW. from W. C. NEW LANCASTER, v. Warren co. II. NEW LEBANON, v. Carroll co. In., on Wild Cat creek. NEW LEBANON, v. Sullivan co. In., 6 m. ESE. f.-otn Merom. NEW LEBANON, ts. and v. Columbia co. N. Y., on the road from Pittsfield to Al bany, 24 m. from the latter place. This town is remarkable for a tepid spring which has become a watering place of much resort. The village, at the springs, contains 7 tav erns, of which 2 are large and elegant ho tels, and 30 or 40 dwellings. The spring is 10 feet in diameter, and 4 feet deep y and dis charges water enough to turn several mills. The Shakers own 3,000 acres of kind in this town, and have a very flourishing settle ment near Lebanon village, containing about 50 neat builJings. They have a church which cost $30,000. Pop of ts. 2,536. NEW LEBANON, v., one m. and a half from the springs, has 12 or 15 dwellings. NEW LEBANON, v. and cap. Camden eo. N. C., 220 m. NE. from Raleigh, and 248 from W. C. NEW LEXINGTON, v. Knox co. 0., 13 m. E. from Mount Vernon. NEW LEXINGTON, v. in the eastern part of Preble co. 0., on Twin creek, upon the road from Dayton to Eaton, 6 m. K. from Eaton, 19 W. from Dayton, and 85 W. byS. from Columbus. NEW LEXINGTON, v. Van Buren co. Iowa. NEW LEXINGTON, v. Highland eo. 0., 10 m. N. from Hillsborough, 34 W. from Chillicothe, 34 E. from Lebanon, and 50 SW. from Columbus ; has several stores, 2 tanneries, 2 churches, various mechanics, and from 50 to 60 dwellings. NEW LEXINGTON, v. Perry co. 0., on Big Rush creek, 8 m. nearly S. from Somer set, and 50 SE. from Columbus, has 2 churches, 2 taverns, several stores,, and 25 or 30 dwellings. NEW LEXINGTON, v. Highland co. 0,, 2 m. W. from Leesburg, a small village of 12 or 15 families. NEW LEXINGTON, v. Morgan co. II., 8 m. NW. from Jacksonville, has several Stores and 15 or 20 dwellings. NEW LIBERTY, v. Owen co. Ken., 40 m. by post-road from Frankfort, and 544 from W. C. NEWLIN'S SETTLEMENT, Crawford co. II., 10 m. NW. from Palestine, and con tains from 80 to 100 families. NEW LISBON, ts. Otsego co. N.Y., 10m. SW. from Cooper's-town ; surface hilly, well adapted to the grazing business. Pop. 1,909. NEW LISBON, v. Montgomery co. Md., near the E. side of Cattail creek, branch of the Patuxent, and on Frederick turnpike. 22 m. W. from Baltimore. NEW LISBON, nourishing v. and seat of justice, Columbiana co. 0., 35 m. S. from Warren in Trumbull CQ. 56 m. NE. from Pittsburg, 160 NE. from Columbus. It con tains some elegant county buildings, a bank, 6 meeting-houses, and upwards of 260 dwell ing-houses. In the vicinity are a furnace, glass factory, paper-mill, and other valuable mills and manufacturing establishments. It is rapidly increasing. Pop. 1,500. NEW" LONDON, ts. Merrimack co. N. H., 30 m. NW. from Concord, and 12 E. from Newport. It is a good agricultural ts. Pop. 1,019. NEW LONDON, SE. co. of Ct., bound- ed by Rhode Island E. by Long Island sound S. by Middlesex co. Ct. W. Hartford and Tolland NW. and Windham N. Length 30 in., mean width 20. Connecticut r. forms part of its W. boundary ; but beside this stream, New London co. is in a remarkable manner indented with bays and rivers. The soil is productive in fruits, grain, and pastur age. Staples, grain, flour, live-stock, lum ber, fish, &c. Chief town, New London, Pop. 44,463. NEW LONDON, city, sea-port, and, al ternately with Norwich, seat of justice for New London co. Ct., is situated on the W. side of the Thames, 3 m. above its mouth, 14 m below Norwich, and 42 SE. from Hartford. Beside the ordinary county build ings, it contains 2 banks, a marine insurance office, several churches, and 2 or 3 printing- offices. Having a depth of 5 fathoms wa ter, the harbor is the best between N. York and Newport, and is very seldom obstructed by ice. The city is defended by forts Gris- wold and Trumbull, the former on Groton side opposite the city, and the latter on the New London side of the harbor. Distance from W. C. 354 m. Pop. 5,519. NEW LONDON, Ann-Arundel co. Md., 5 m. SSW, from Annapolis. NEW LONDON, v. Campbell co. Va., 18 m. SW. from Lynchburg. NEW LONDON, pts. in the SE. quarter of Huron co. O., 16 m. from Nor walk. NEW LONDON, v. Jefferson co. In., o Ohio river, 30 m. above Louisville, contains several stores, and is a pleasant and flour ishing village. NEW LONDON, v. and seat of justice, Rails co. Miso., on Salt river, about 100 m. NW. from St. Louis, contains a brick court house, a jail, a church, several stores, and is a flourishing place. 444 NEW NEW LONDON, t. and cap. Campbell co. Va., 123 m. WSW. from Richmond. It contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and about 130 houses. NEW LONDON, v. Chester co. Pa., 68 m. from Harrisburg, and 93 from W. C. NEW LONDON, v. Oneida co. N.Y.,on the Erie canal, 7 m. W. from Rome, con tains several stores and about 50 dwellings. NEW MADISON, v. Darke co. Ohio, 100 m. a little N. of W. from Columbus, and 10 from St. Mary's. NEW MADRID, v. and seat of justice, New Madrid co, Miso., 70 m. below the mouth of the Ohio. It contains about 60 houses and 500 inhabitants. It does an ex tensive shipping business in stock, lumber and corn; of the latter about 80,000 bushels are shipped annually. The public buildings are a court-house, jail, a Catholic church, and a nunnery. NEW MADRID, co. Miso., bounded by Mississippi river SE. Arkansas S. St. Fran cis river NW. and Cape Girardeau N. Length 60 m., mean width 25. Staples, In dian corn, pork, cotton, and other articles. Chief town, New Madrid. Pop. 4,554, of whom 80 1 were slaves. NEWMAN, t, and cap. Coweta co. Ga., 129 m. NW. by W. from Milledgevffle, 722 from W. C., contains the county buildings and 15 or 20 houses. NEWMANSTOWN, v. Berks co. Pa., 15 m. W. from Reading, a small village of 15 or 20 houses. NEWMARKET, v. York co. Pa., 20 m. NW. from the borough of York, contains 10 or 15 dwellings. NEW MARKET, v. Middlesex co. N. J., 7 m. N. from New Brunswick, has a tavern, store and about 20 dwellings. NEWMARKET, v. Green co. Pa., 240 m. from Harrisburg and 232 from W. C., contains some 15 or 20 houses. NEW MARKET, v. Abbeville dist. S. C., 80 m. W. from Columbia. NEW MARKET, v. Washington co. Ken., 13 m. SSW. from Springfield, and 63 from Frankfort. NEW MARKET, v. Jefferson co. Ten., 30 m. NE. from Knoxville. NEW MARKET, ts. Rockingham co. N, H., 1 1 m. W. from Portsmouth, and 36 SE. from Concord. Lamprey river falls into Great Bay, near the NE. corner of this town, where there is a considerable village, and about 2 m. distant from this there is another pleasant village, containing an academy. Here is a bridge crossing a branch of the Piscataqua, which connects this town with Stratham. Pop. 2,730, NEW MARKET, v. Kent co. Md., 56 m. from Annapolis and 90 from W. C. NEWMARKET, v. Dorchester co. Md., 9 m. E. from Cambridge, contains 10 or 12 houses. NEWMARKET, v. Frederick co. Md,, 13 m WSW. from Fredericktown, 68 from Annapolis, and 50 from W. C. NEWMARKET, v. Shenandoah co. Va., 22 m. SSW. from Woodstock, 50 NE. from Staunton. It contains a handsome Episcopal church, and 80 or 100 houses. NEWMARKET, v. King and Queen co. Va., 32 m. from Richmond and 125 from W. C. NEWMARKET, v. Prince William co. Va., 107 m. from Richmond and 45 from W. C. NEWMARKET, v. Amherst co. Va., on James river, 100 m. above Richmond, NEWMARKET, t. Bertie co. N. C. NEWMARKET, v. Highland co. Ohio, 68 m. SW. from Columbus and 42 W. from Chillicothe ; has about 20 houses. NEWNANSVILLE, v. and cap. Alachua co. Flor., 178 m. from Tallahassee and 875 from W. C. NEW MARLBOROUGH, ts. Berkshire co. Mass., 23 m. SSE. from Lenox, 118 WSW. from Boston. A mineral spring has been discovered here. It has some manufac tures. Pop. 1,682. NEW MEXICO, v. SW. part of Green co. Wisconsin. NEW MILFORD, v. Bergen co. N. J., 4 m. N. from Hackensack, has 2 mills, and 10 or 12 dwellings. NEW MILFORD, ts. Litchfield co. Ct^ 16 m. N. of Danbury, and 18 SW. of Litch- field, on the NE. side of Housatonic river, a good agricultural ts, with some manufac tures. Pop. 3,974. NEW MILLS, v. in Danvers, Mass., 2 m. NW, from Salem. NEW MILLS, v. Burlington co. N. J., 8 m. E. from Mount Holly. NEW OHIO, v. Colesville ts. Broome co. N. Y., on the line of the Hudson and Erie rail-road, contains 10 houses. NEW ORLEANS, city, port of entry, and capital of Louisiana, stands on the left bank of the Mississippi river, 105 m. above its mouth. The city proper contains six com plete squares, each having a front of 319 feet in length. Each square is divided into 12 lots. Many of the streets do not exceed 40 feet in width. The public buildings are a town-house, hospital, the Cathedral church of St. Louis, the barracks, custom-house, market-house, 5 banks, and two theatres, one for French, and the other for American actors. There is also a convent of Ursuline nuns. The Spanish and French modes of building prevail, and most of the houses are finished outside with stucco, which gives the city rather a fantastic appearance to a stran ger. The ground on which it stands is lower than the surface of the river, which is confined within its channel by an artificial bank called the levee, which was raised at great expense, and extends 50 m. The land is so spongy that the houses are necessarily without cellars. It is very advantageously situated for commerce, the Mississippi and its numerous branches wafting to it the pro ductions of a fertile country of more than 2,000 miles in extent. It is already one of the most important commercial ports in America, and is probably destined to become, NEW 445* NEW ORLEANS. at no distant period, the rival of the first in Europe. The harbor presents an area of many acres, covered with all the grotesque variety of flat-boats^ keel-boats, and water craft of every description, that have floated from all points of the valley above. Sloops, schooners, brigs, and ships occupy the wharves, arranged below each other, in the order of their size, showing a forest of masts. The foreign aspect of the stuccoed houses in the city proper^ the massive buildings of the Fauxbourg St. Mary, the bustle and movement on every side, all seen at one view in the bright coloring of the brilliant sun and sky of the climate, present a splen did spectacle. There have been counted in the harbor, 1,500 flat-boats at a time. Steam-boats are coming and departing every hour ; and 50 are frequently seen lying in the harbor at a time. There are often 5 or 6,000 boatmen from the upper country here ; and it is not uncommon to see 40 ves sels advertised for Liverpool and Havre. No place in the United States has so much activity and bustle of commerce, crowded into so small a space, in the months of Feb ruary and March. During the season of bringing in the cotton crop, whole streets are barricaded with cotton bales. The amount of domestic exports from this city exceeds 12 millions of dollars a year, being greater than that of any other city of the Union, except New York, and nearly equal ling that. The greatest items that make this amount, are sugar and cotton. Its ad vantages of communication with the coun try immediately adjacent to it, have been overlooked, in comparison with those of its relation to the upper country. But even in these respects it is unrivalled. By the basin of the canal, and the Bayou St. John, it communicates with lake Ponchartrain, and the connected lakes ; with the opposite Florida shore, with Mobile, Pensacola, and the whole Gulf shore, east and west. Not a few vessels clear from the basin for the Atlantic and Mexican ports. The basin is scarcely distant a quarter of a mile from the ship-landing on the Mississippi. A person* on the basin wharf can see the masts of the vessels, lying on the shore of the levee, and yet a vessel sailing from the basin, would have to sail through the lakes along the Gulf shore, and up the Mississippi, some hundreds of miles, to arrive at so little dis tance from her former position. Even the commerce and shipping of the basin would be sufficient for the support of a considerable city. There is an incorporation, to connect the lake with the Mississippi by a canal, directly from the one to the other. A most necessary and important canal is also con templated, lor connecting Attakapas with the city. A rail-road 41 m. in length, from the city to lake Ponchartrain, has been re cently finished. It is perfectly straight, and varies only 16 inches from a dead level from end to end. No city in the United States contains such a variety of inhabitants from every state in the Union, and from every nation in Europe j and there are not a few from the Spanish country, and the islands. There is an astonishing contrast of manners, language, and complexion. One half the population is black or colored. The French population probably as yet pre dominates over the American. Among the Americans, the inhabitants of the city of New York seem to have the greater number, and New Orleans has more intercourse with New York, than any other American city. The intercourse with Havana and Vera Cruz is great, and constantly increasing. The college is a respectable building, and has ample endowments, but has, as yet, done little for the literature of the country. There are a number of charitable institutions in this city, of respectable character ; and when the epidemic yellow fever visits it, the manner in which the inhabitants bestow charity, nursing, shelter, and medical aid to the sick, is worthy of all praise. A library, for the use of the poorer reading young men of the city, has been instituted, and in the extent of her efficient and useful charities, New Orleans is not far behind her Atlantic 446 NEW sisters. There are fewer churches in the city, than in any other town of the same size in the United States. There are but three Catholic places of worship, one Pres byterian, one Episcopalian, a Mariners' church, a Baptist and a Methodist place of worship. Very little observance x of the Sabbath, as northern people estimate it, is seen in this city. It is well known, that the forms of the Catholic worship do not forbid amusements on the Sabbath. The city and Fauxbourgs (suburbs) contained, in 1830, 46,310 inhabitants, and in 1840, 86,000. It is about 1,000 m. below the mouth of the Ohio, and 1,203 from Wash ington. NEW ORLEANS, parish, La., including the city of New Orleans, bounded by the gulf of Mexico S. the interior of Lafourche and German coast W. lake Ponchartrain N. the Rigolets and lake Borgne NE. and Plaquemine E. Lensrth 80 m., mean width 16. Pop. 102,193, of whom 23,448 were slaves, and 19,226 free colored. NEW OXFORD, v. Adams co. Pa., on the road from York to Gettysburg, 10 m. NE. from Gettysburg. NEW PALTZ, ts. and v. Ulster co. N. Y., 15 m. below Kingston landing, and 7 m.S. from Poughkeepsie ; the village, on the right bank of the Wall kill, contains a Dutch Reformed church, an academy, several stores, various mechanic shops, and 30 or 40 houses. Pop. of ts. 5,408. NEW PALTZ LANDING, v. Ulster co. N. Y., on Hudson river, opposite Pough keepsie. NEW PARIS, v. Preble co. Ohio, 92 m. a little S. of W. from Columbus, contains several stores, 2 grist-mills, various me chanic shops, from 60 to 70 dwellings, &c. NEW PETERSBURG, v. Highland co. 0., 55 m. SSW. from Columbus, has 5 or 6 stores, 4 warehouses, various mechanic shops, a grammar-school, and 30 or 40 dwellings. NEW PHILADELPHIA, v. Beaver co. Pa., on the S. sile of the Ohio river, opposite the borousrh of Beaver. NEW PHILADELPHIA, v. Washington co. In., E. from Salem, 101 m. from India napolis, and 61 1 from W. C. NEW PHILADELPHIA, v. and seat of justice, Tuscara was co. Ohio. It is situated on the left bank of Muskingum river, on a beautiful plain, opposite the mouth of Sugar creek. It contains the county buildings, several stores, 5 or 6 taverns, a printing- office, various mechanics, and is a flourish- ins: village. It is 50 m. NE. from Zanes- ville, 314 from W. C., and 50 NE. from Columbus. NEW PHILADELPHIA, v. Hardin co. 'Ken., 5 m. from Ohio river, 30 above Louis ville. NEW PITTSBURG, v. Wayne co. 0., m. W. from Wooster, and 80 NE. from Columbus, has several stores, 25 or 30 dwellings, &c. NEWPORT, ts. Penobscot co. Me., 25 m. WNW. from Bangor and 56 NE. from Augusta, a good agricultural ts. very pro ductive of wheat. Pop. 1,138, NEWPORT, v. Indiana co. Pa., on the Blacklick creek, opposite Blairsville, 14 m, SSW. from the borough of Indiana. NEWPORT, v. Perry co. Pa., on the Ju- niata canal, 6 m. NE. from Bloomfield, and 41 NW. from Harrisburg. It has consider able trade with the surrounding country. NEWPORT, ts. Orleans co. Vt., 48 m, NE. from Montpelier, and 10 N. from Iras- burg ; watered by a branch of the Missis- que river. Pop. 591. NEWPORT, t. and cap. Vermillion co. In., situated a little below the junction of Little Vermillion and Wabash rivers, 86 m. W. from Indianapolis, and 658 from W. C., contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and is a flourishing business place. NEWPORT, v. in theNE. part of Wayne co. In., 11 m. N. by W. from Richmond, 64 from Indianapolis, and 511 from W. C. NEWPORT, v. Coshocton co. O., on the Ohio canal, 2 m. N. from the town of Co shocton ; a small village of 10 or 15 houses. NEWPORT, v. Meigs ts. Adams co. 0., has several houses. NEWPORT, v. Franklin co. Miso., 43 m. W. from St. Louis ; a small town of 10 or 12 houses. NEWPORT, v. Rails co. Miso., on Salt river, 5 m. above Cincinnati. NEWPORT, ts. and cap. Cheshire co. N. H., 8 m. E. of Claremont, 42 WNW. of Concord. Here is a cotton manufactory, and various other mills. Pop. 1,958. NEWPORT, co. R. I. It comprises 7 towns, and a number of islands ; valua ble minerals are found here. Pop. 16,874. Newport is the seat of justice. NEWPORT, ts. s-p. and cap. Newport co. on SW. end of the island of Rhode Island, 5 m. from the sea, 15 S. from Bristol, 30 S. by E. from Providence, 55 E. by N. from New London, 71 S. by W. from Boston. Among the public and other principal build ings, are a state-house, a jail, an academy, 2 banks, 2 insurance-offices, a public libra ry, containing 1,600 volumes, and 11 houses of public worship ; 2 for Consregational- ists, 3 for Baptists, 1 for Sabbatarians or Seventh-day Baptists, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Friends, 1 for Methodists, 1 for Mora vians, and a Jews' Synagogue. It has a very spacious and safe harbor, where a large fleet may ride at anchor, defended by three forts. Newport was once the greatest commercial seaport in the state, but its pros perity has of late years greatly declined. Pop. 8,333. NEWPORT, v. Franklin co. Ala., 119m. from Tuscaloosa, and 796 from W. C. NEWPORT, ts. and v. Herkimer co. N. Y., 15 m. N. from Herkimer, 95 NW. from Albany. The village contains a cot ton factory, grist,, saw, cording, and cloth- dressing mills, a furnace for casting iron, NEW 447 several stores, and about 100 houses. Pop. of *s. 2,020. NEWPORT, t. Newcastle co. Delaware, on Christiana creek, 3 m. SW. from Wil mington, 3 1 SVV. from Philadelphia. It con tains about 30 houses. NEWPORT, v. St. Glair co. Mich., 56 m. from Detroit, and 582 from W. C. NEWPORT, t. Charles co. Md., 11 m. SE. from Port Tobacco. NEWPORT, t. Wood co. Va., on the Ohio, at the junction of the little Kenhawa, opposite Belpre. NEWPORT, t. and cap. Campbell co. Ken., on the Ohio, opposite Cincinnati, and just above the entrance of the Licking, which separates it from Covington, 498 m. from VV. C. It is situated on an elevated and beautiful plain, commanding a fine prospect of Cincinnati and Covington, and contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, a market-house, an academy, and a U. S. ars enal. Pop. about 500. NEWPORT, t. and cap. Cocke co. Ten., 247 m. from Nashville, and 480 from W. C. It contains the usual county buildings, and 15 or 20 houses. NEWPORT, t. Liberty co. Geo., 34 m. S. from Savannah. NEW PORTAGE, v. Medina co. O., 110 m. NE. from Columbus. NEW PORTLAND, ts..Somerset co. Me., 48 m. NNW. from Augusta, and 18 from Farmington, and is one of the finest farming townships in the county. It has various manufactures. Pop. 1,620. NEW PRESTON, v. Litchfiel I co. Ct., 10 m. SW. by W. from Lilchfield, and 43 a little S. of W. from Hartford. NEW PROSPECT, v. Bergen co. N. J., 68 m. NE. from Trenton, has several stores, 2 paper-mills, 2 grist-mills, and a number of dwellings. NEW PROVIDENCE, v. Floyd co. In., 15 m. SE. from Salem, 106 m. S. of India napolis, and 600 from W. C. It contains several stores, various mechanic shops, and 60 houses. NEW RICHMOND, v. Clermont co. Ohio. It stands on Ohio river, 15 m. SW. from Williamsburg,and 106 from Columbus, has 2 carding machines, 10 or 12 stores, various mechanics, and about 140 dwell ings. NEW RIVER, small stream of Onslow co. N. C., entering the Atlantic ocean by New Inlet, 45 m. WSW. from cape Look out. NEW RIVER, small r. of Beaufort dis trict, S. C., falling into the estuary of Sa vannah river, 18 m. E. from Savannah. NEW RIVER, r. of La., draining the angle between the Mississippi and Amite rivers, flows E. and falls into the western extremity of lake Maurepas. NEW ROCHELLE, ts and v. Westches- ter co. N. Y., planted originally by French Huguenots. It lies 20 m. NE. of the city of New York, on the road to Connecticut j the village contains 3 churches, and 25 or 30 dwellings. NEW ROCHESTER, v. Freedom ts, Wood co. Ohio, a small village of some 12 or 15 dwellings. NEW ROCHESTER, v. Williams co. O., 14 m. W. from Defiance, and 36 E. from Fort Wayne, has 12 or 15 dwellings, &c. NEW ROWLEY, v. Essex co. Mass., 35 m. NNE. from Boston. NEW RUMLEY, v. Harrison co. Ohio, 11 m. northerly from Cadiz, and 130 NE. from Columbus, a flourishing village, and contains 4 or 5 stores, 3 taverns, 2 carding machines, a full supply of mechanics, 30 or 40 dwellings, &c. &c. NEWRY, ts. Oxford co. Me., 24 m. NW. of Paris, and 63 W. from Augusta. Pop. 463. NEWRY, v. Huntingdon co. Pa., near the west boundary of the county, on the rail- road which crosses the Alleghany mountains. NEW SALEM, ts. Franklin co. Mass., 74 m. WNW. from Boston; has manufac tures of palm-leaf hats, boots, shoes, leather, straw-bonnets, and ploughs. Pop. 1,035. NEW SALEM, v. Westmoreland co. Pa., 8 m. N. from Greensbursr. NEW SALEM, v. Fayette co. Pa., 7 m. W. from Uniontown, and 179 SW. from Harrisburg. NEW SALEM, v. Ontario co. N. Y., 12 m. NW. from Canandaigua, has 12 or 15 dwellings. NEW SALEM, v. Randolph co, N. C., 77 m. W. from Richmond, and 358 from W. C. NEW SALEM, v. Fairfield co. O., 10 m. from Lancaster, a small village of some 12 or 15 houses. NEW SALEM, v. Rush co. In., 5 m. SE. from Rushville, 45 from Indianapolis, and 548 from W. C. NEW SALEM, v. Sangemon co. II., on the SW. side of Sangemon river, NW. from Springfield, has 4 or 5 stores, and 30 or 40 families. NEW SALSBERRY, v. Miami ts. Cler mont co. Ohio. NEW SCOTLAND, v. New Scotland ts. Albany co. N. Y., 8 m. SW. from Albany, contains about 50 houses. Pop. of ts. 2,912. NEW SMYRNA, v. and cap. Musquito co. F. T.,370 m.from Tallahassee, and 919 from W. C. NEW STRASBURG, v. Amanda ts. Fairfield co. Ohio. NEW SWITZERLAND, v. Switzerland co. Ohio, on the right bank of Ohio river, 65 m. below Cincinnati. The inhabitants are mostly Swiss emigrants, who have made some not unsuccessful attempts to cultivate the vine. NEWTON, co. Miss., bounded N. by Nashoha, E. by Lauderdale, S. by Jasper, and W. by Scott cos. Decatur is the seat of justice. Pop. 2,527. NEW NEWTON, v> and cap. Baker co. Geo., 170 m. from Milledgevillc, and 812 from W. C. NEWTON, v. Hinds co. Mis., 27 m. from Jackson, and 1,062 from W. C. NEWTON, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., on the river Charles, opposite Needharn, 9 m. W. of Boston. The falls on the river be tween Newton and Needham afford many excellent mill-seats; and on the Newton side there are five paper-mills, iron manu factories, several snuff-mills, and manufac^ tures of vitriol, barilla, chaises, morocco, and various others ; annual value about $800,000. Pop. 3,351. NEWTON, v. and cap. Sussex co. N. J., 106 m. NNE. from Philadelphia, 76 N. from Trenton, 288 from W. C. It is a pleasant and flourishing town, and contains a court house, a jail, an academy, a bank, 2 printing- offices, about 140 compact houses, and has a manufactory of iron carried on in a fur nace and 4 forges, several taverns, 8 or 10 extensive stores, and 3 churches, 2 semina ries, 6 common schools, a public library, &c. &.c. Here is a remarkable cave called the Devil's Hole. NEWTON, co. Geo., bounded N. by Gwinnet, E. by Walton, S. by Butts, and W. by Henry and Dekalb cos. Pop. 1 1,628, of whom 3,720 were slaves. Covington is the chief town. NEWTON, v. and cap. of Jasper co. II., on the W. side of Embarras river, near the centre of the county. It is a pleasant and thriving village. NEWTON, co. Mo. A new county not yet organized. Pop. 3,790, of whom 169 were slaves. NEWTON, co. NW. part of Indiana, bounded N. by Porter, E. by Stark and Pu- laski, S. by White and Jasper, and W. by Il linois. Watered chiefly by the Kankakee and froquois rivers, and their branches. Pop. not given. NEWTOWN, v. Fountain co. In., on Coal creek, 76 m. from Indianapolis and 189 from W. C. NEWTOWN. v. Washington ts. Tusca- rawas co. Ohio. NEWTOWN, v. Green co. Pa., 8 m. SE. from Waynesburg, and 231 SW. from Har- risburar. NEWTOWN, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 10 m. NNW. from Newburyport, 26 SW. from Portsmouth, and 40 SE. from Concord. Pop. 541. NEWTOWN, ts. Fairfield co. Ct., 9 m. E. by N. from Danbury, 25 WNW. from New Haven. It is a pleasant town, and contains an academy, 1 cotton, 1 hat, 1 comb, and 2 woollen factories, &c. Pop. 3,189. NEWTOWN, ts. and v. Queens co. N. Y., on Long Island, 8 m. E. from New York. Near the centre of the township there is a pleasant village containing 3 houses of public worship. From this place come those well-known apples called " New- town Pippins." The village contains about 80 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 5,054. NEWTOWN, v. Bucks co. Pa., 10 m. W. from Trenton, 22 NNE. from Philadelphia. It is situated on a branch of the Nashiminy, and contains a Presbyterian church, an aca demy, several stores, and has considerable trade. NEWTOWN, t. Frederick co. Md., 160 m. from Annapolis and 80 from W. C. NEWTOWN, v. Worcester co. Md., 120 m. from Annapolis and 160 from W. C. NEWTOWN, v. King and Queen co.Va., 41 m. NE. from Richmond. NEWTOWN, v. Loudon co. Va., 55 m. from W. C. NEWTOWN, v. Hamilton- co. Ohio, on Little Miami, 6 m. above its mouth, and 96 SW. from Cokimbus, con tains a church, a dis tillery, several stores, and 25 or 30 dwellings. NEWTOWN-SQUARE, v. Delaware co. Pa., 12 m. NW.. from Chester, and 94 SE. from Harrisburg. NEWTOWN or STEPHENSBURG, v. Frederick co. Va., 8 m. S. from Winchester, 79 NW. by W. from Washington, and 158 from Richmond. NEWTOWN TRAP, v. Frederick co. Md., 9 m. SW. from the city of Frederick,, and 51 NW. from Washington. NEW TROY, v. Luzerne co. Pa., near the junction of Abraham's creek with Sus- quehannah river. Anthracite coal is found in its vicinity. It contains several stores, and is a pleasant place. The land is excel lent and highly cultivated. NEW UTRECHT, ts. and v. Kings co. N. Y., on the W. end of Long Island ; the village contains 15 or 20 houses. Pop. of ts.. 1,283. NEWVILLE, v. Worthington ts. Rich- land co. Ohio, 80 m. NE. from Columbus, contains several stores, 10 or 12 mechanic shops, 2 carding machines, a distillery, an ashery, and from 30 to 40 dwellings. NEWVILLE, v. Barnwell district, S. C., 110 m. SW. from Columbia. NEWVILLE, v. Cumberland co. Pa., 12 m. nearly W. from Carlisle. NEW VIRGINIA, settlement in Bond co. II., 2 m. E. from Greenville, an excellent tract of country. NEW WAKEFIELD, v. Washington co. Ala., 177 m. from Milledgeville and 1,005 from W. C. NEW WASHINGTON, v. Clarke co. In., 105 m. SSE. from Indianapolis. NEW WILMINGTON, v. Mercer co. Pa., 8 m. SW. from the borough of Mercer, and 242 W. from Harrisburg. NEW WOODSTOCK, v. Madison co. N. Y., 15 m. from Morristown ; contains two churches, an academy, and about 40 dwellings. NEW YORK, one of the U. States. See p. 66. NEW YORK, v. Switzerland co. In., 114 m. SE. from Indianapolis, and 554 from W. C. NEW YORK, v. Albemarle co. Va., 143 m. SSW. from Washington, and 101 from Richmond. NEW 449 NEW YORK AND ITS ENVIRONS. NEW YORK, city and co. of New York, situated on Manhattan island, between Hud son river, East river, New York bay, and Haerlem river. Lat. 40 42' N. and Lon. 74 W. from London, and 3 E. from W. C., 150 sa. below Albany, 90 NE. from Philadelphia, and 210 SW. from Boston. Manhattan island, which forms the county of N. York, is about 12 ra. long, and has an average width of 1 m., containing about 18 sq. ms. The city of New York Is the grand com mercial emporium of the United States. The harbor is deep, safe, and not subject to be frozen, and so spacious as to accommodate any number of vessels of any size. The shipping belonging to this port exceeds 350,000 tons. In its exterior, New York has a more imposing appearance than any other city in the U. States. Its principal street, Broadway, which nearly bisects the city, is 80 feet wide, and more than 3 m. in length, and generally built up wiih noble and ele gant buildings. The Battery is a place of great public resort in the southern part of the island. Castle Garden is also much fre quented, and Niblo's in Broadway. These are the only two public gardens of note in the city. The Park is a beautiful common, finely shaded with trees, and contains 6 acres cf ground. In this square stands the City Hall, a superb and massive structure of white marble, 216 ft. in length by 105 in breadth. It contains the Police Office, the Municipal Court rooms, and the Common Council chamber, ornamented with portraits of distinguished revolutionary heroes. The New York Institution is of brick, 260 feet by 44, and is appropriated to associa tions of literature and the fine arts, such as the Literary and Philosophical Society, the G 2 Historical Society with its library, the Ame rican Academy of Fine Arts with its paint ings, and the New York Lyceum of Natural History with its collections. The state prison, in the eastern part of the city, is 204 feet in length, by 200 in depth, and built of free-stone. The Alms House is still further east. It is an inclosure, containing the work-house and penitentiary. The dimen sions of the first are 320 by 50 feet, the next 200 by 25, and the third 250 by 50. There are 4 theatres. The Park theatre and the Bowery theatre are conspicuous buildings. St. Paul's church, containing the monument and remains of Gen. Montgomery, and Tri nity church, (which is now building,) are spacious Episcopalian churches, both in conspicuous points on Broadway. St. John's church in Hudson Square, one of the finest in the city, has the tallest spire in N. York. The Medical College is a large and con spicuous edifice. The establishment is amply endowed, and generally contains from 2 to 300 medical students. The following are all spacious public buildings : The Astor, City, and Holt's Hotels, St. Patrick's Cathe dral, and several other churches, Columbia College, the new Custom House and new Exchange, the Arcade, and the Arcade Baths, the New York Baths, the Public Ma rine Bath, the Manhattan Water Works, the Exhibi;ion Room of the National Academy of the Arts of Design, Masonic Hall, Or phan Asylum, Fever Hospital, House of Refuge for juvenile delinquents, Lunatic Asylum, the Mansion House, the National Hotel, the Franklin House, Tammany Hall and many other spacious hotels. The city has 10 market-houses, 18 or 20 banks, be tween 20 and 30 insurance offices, over 100 450 NEW houses of publ'c worship, of which those of Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Dutch Reform ed, and Metho lists, are the most numerous. There are 8 spacious buildings appropriated to public schools, valued with their furniture at $150,000. The Hiah School of this city is an interesting institution, and the largest establishment of the kind in the U. Stales. There are a number of public libraries. The Astor Hotel is the largest in the U. States, and perhaps in the world, built by John Jacob Asjor, opened May 31st, 1836. It is built of Quincy granite, 5 stories high, fronts 201 feet on Broadway, opposite the Park, 154 on. Barclay street, and 146 on Vesey street. It is 77 feet hia;h, and con tains about 400 rooms. The basement story is divided into stores. The new Custom House and New Ex change in Wall street are splendid edifices of marble, well adapted to the great com mercial and financial business of the city. Columbia College, was founded in 1754; it has a president, five professors, and the number of students ranges from 120 to 150. The libraries contain 14,000 volumes. Commencement is on the first Tuesday in August ; vacation from commencement to the first Monday in October. The course of instruction now existinsr, is to be maintain ed and denominated the. full course. An other course is established, called the literary and scientific course ; the whole, or any part of which, matriculated students may attend. Those in the scientific and literary course study the modern languages, instead of the Latin and Greek. In other studies, the two courses are similar, except that the lite rary and scientific has some additional studies. Persons not matriculated, may at tend the literary and scientific course. Ma triculated students, who may pass through the new course, receive testimonials of the same. The fees in the new course do not exceed $15 per annum for each profes sor. Enlarged instruction is given in Greek and Roman literature. The two courses may be united at the lectures. Va rious public bodies in New York are enti tled to have two students always in the col lege, free of all charges of tuition ; every school from which, in any one year, 4 stu dents shall be admitted into college, is to have the privilege of sending one free of ex pense ; every religious denomination in the city may educate one who is designed for the ministry, free of expense. The above course embraces lyceum, high school, and college instruction. The University of the City of New York was incorporated in 1831, authorized to hold estates not exceeding an annual income of $20,000; and subject to the visitation of the regents of the State University. It is managed by a council composed of 32 share holders, the Mayor and 4 members of the Common Council of the city for the time being. The building which it has erected is one of the most splendid in the United States, built of Sing Sing marble ; it is on Washington Square, fronting west. It is 180 feet lone, and 100 wide. The plan of instruction comprises the whole range of general science and of the us< ful and liberal arts. The price of tuition is 80 dollars per annum to those who pursue the whole course. Those who pursue particular branches pay 20 dollars per annum for each branch. The number of students ranges from 270 to 350. The annual commence ment is on the 3d Wednesday of July, from which time there is a vacation till the first Monday of October; besides this there is a vacation of two weeks from the 25lh of De cember. The College of Physicians and Surgeons was founded in the year 1807 by an act of the legislature of New York, at the recom mendation of the Regents of the State Uni- A r ersity, by whose immediate government it is controlled. Lectures commence on the first Monday of November annually, and continue four months. Degrees conferred by the resents cf the University at the re commendation of the board of trustees. The college builJing is situated in Barclay street, New York. The whole expense of all the courses is $100. During the night of the 16th of Decem ber, 1835, New York was visited by the most extensive conflagration ever witnessed on this continent. The fire broke out in Mer chant street, in the triangular block formed by Wall, William and Pearl streets, about nine o'clock in the evening. A strong north-west wind caused the flame quickly to spread, while the intense cold weather frustrated in a great degree the efforts of the firemen and citizens to subdue its power. It continued to rage until 674 buildings were consumed. The total loss was esti mated at twelve millions and a half. The New York Exchange, a beautiful white marble building, adorned with columns, and a noble statue of Hamilton, was involved in the general ruin. The fire was at length retarded by blowing up with powder the nearest buildings on all sides, which it threatened to invade. Thus deprived of the means of spreading, the flame led upon the immense property already in its grasp. Heavy as was this blow upon the wealth and enterprise of the city, the whole space is now rebuilt, and presents evdn a greater appearance of business activity than for merly. The literary and scientific institutions, and those connected with the arts, are Co- lumbia College, The University of the City of New York, Mechanics' School, which commonly has about 250 pupils of each set, numerous select schools, and about 40 dis tinguished seminaries for females. Besides which, the common school system affords the means of instruction to all classes of per sons. The New York Historical Society, New York Society Library, New York Athe naeum, Lyceum of Natural History, The NEW NIC 451 American Lyceum, New York City Lyceum, New York Literary and Philosophical Socie ty, Apprentices' Library, Mercantile Libra ry Association, New York Law Institute, American Academy of Fine Arts, National Academy of Design, Clinton Hall Associa tion, General Society of 'Mechanics and Tradesmen, Mechanics' Institute, American Institute, an 1 the Institution for the Blind ; besides which there are many other associa tions of less note. Public Journals. There are 12 or 15 daily papers, semi-weekly 10, tri-weekly 3, weekly 30, semi-monthly 3, monthly 20, quarterly 2; making a total of about 100. Besides the places of public amusement in the city, there are in the vicinity several places of great resort in the summer months. The following are within a half hour ri le by steam-boats : Staten Island, Jersey City, Weehawken, and Hoboken. At the last, on the Hudson river, opposite New York, the grounds are liberally opened to the public, and laid out with great taste. The city of New York has suffered much from want of an abundant supply of pure arid wholesome water, but this is about to be remedied by the introduction of the Cro- ton river, Westchester county, 41 miles dis tant. It is brought through a stone aque duct, inclining 15 inches to the mile, to Murray's Hill, 3 miles north of the city, 1 14 feet 10 inches above tide, being 7 or 8 feet higher than the highest roofs. From thence it is conducted through the city by iron pipes; those in Broadway are 2} feet in dia meter. The minimum quantity of water is estimated at 30 millions of gallons daily, and the ordinary quantity 50. The water is to be let into the pipes the present season, 1842. The government of the city of New York is composed of a mayor, 16 aldermen, and 16 assistants. This city has been constantly and rapidly increasing for the last 30 or 40 years. It more than doubled its population within the last 20 years. Packets sail from New York to Liverpool 1 and London every week ; to Havre every 10 days, and to Hull, Greenwich, Belfast, Vera Cruz, Carthagena, and all the chief ports of the United States at different times. It is the second commer cial city in the world, as the amount of shipping owned here is equal to more than half that of London. Pop. in 1790,33,131; in 1800, 60,489; in 1810, 96,373; in 1820, 123,706; in 1830, 203,007; and in 1840, 312,710. NEW YORK, t. Clinton co. Iowa, on the Mississippi river. NEW YORK, v. Albemarle co. Va., 23 m. W. from Charlotte, 100 m. from Rich mond, and 143 from W. C. NEW YORK, v. Montgomery co. Ten., 60 m. from Richmond, and 760 from W. C. NIAGARA, r. in North America, which carries the surplus waters of lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie, into lake Onta rio. Its general course from lake Erie to lake Ontario is N. For the first 2 miles its current is rapi I it then becomes smooth and gentle, with a width varying from half a mile to a mile and a half, and flows 7 m, to Grand Isle, where it divides into two large branches, which unite again at the foot of this island (whi -h is 18 m. long) three miles above the Great Falls. Its width here is upwards of a mile ; but now its breadth gradually diminishing as its velocity increas es, it becomes reduced to f of a mile in width, when its waters are poured down a precipice of 160 feet perpendicular, accom panied with a tremendous roar, which is heard at the distance of 15 miles. There is a small island in the river, just above the b ink of the falls, which divides the stream, into two parts, but they unite long before they reach the bed of the river below. This river, which is the boundary line between N. Y. and Upper Canada, is 35m. in length. This stupendous cataract is justly regarded as one of the most sublime and imposing spectacles exhibited in nature. It may well be supposed that so magnificent a spectacle should attract thousands of visitors. It has become a place of great fashionable resort ; and during the summer months, it is thronged with visitors from every quarter of the civilized world. It may appear singular, yet it is affirmed to be true, that some per sons have lived and grown old within hear ing of the roar of these falls without ever having seen them, while many have made journeys of thousands of miles for the pur pose, and thought themselves richly reward ed for their curiosity. NIAGARA, co. N. Y., bounded N. by lake Ontario, E. by Orleans, Genesee co., S. by Tonnewanta creek, which separates it from Erie co. and W. by Niagara river. Pop. 31,132. Chief town, Lockport. NIAGARA, ts. and v. Niagara co. N. Y., on the Niagara river, on a hisdi ridge. The village is situated opposite the Great Falls, 20 m. from Lockport, and 20 from Buffalo city, 7 m. from ship navigation at Lewistown. The facilities for manufacturing establish ments at this place are very great. There are now two spacious canals for mill purpos es, which may be extended as occasion may require. The village contains 2 churches, an academy, several mills, and about 100 houses. Pop. of ts. 1,277. NICETOWN, v. Philadelphia co. Pa., on the Germantown road, 4i m. from Philadel phia. NICHOLAS C. H. or SUMERVILLE, t. and cap. Nicholas co. Va., 286 m. NW. from Richmond, and 310 W. from Washing ton. NICHOLAS, co. of Western Va., formed in 1818, of a part of Greenbrier co. Pop. 2,515, of whom 72 were slaves. Seat of justice, Nicholas. NICHOLAS, co. Ken., bounded N. by Bracken and Sharon, E. by Fleming and Bath, S. by Bourbon, and W. by Harrison 462 NIC NOR cos. Pop. 8,745, of whom 1,253 were slaves. Chief town, Carlisle. NICHOLAS POINT, v. Huron ts. Wayne co. N. Y., on Sod us bay. NICHOLSBURG, v. Indiana co. Pa., 18 m. NW. from the borough of Indiana. NICHOLSVILLE, v. Montgomery co. N. Y., on the East Canada creek, 23 m. NW. from Johnstown. NICHOLVILLE, v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., 2 m. E. from Hopkinton village. NICHOLASVILLE, t. and cap. Jessamine co. Ken., 20 m. SW. from Lexington, 546 from W. C., and 37 from Frankfort. Pop. 632. NICOLET, r. L. C., rises in Buckingham co. by two sources, which flow NW. be tween Becan^our and St. Francis rivers, unite about 60 m. and fall into the lower end of lake St. Peter, 10 miles above Three Rivers. NILES, v. Berrien co. Mich., on St. Jo seph river, 175 m. SW. by W. from Detroit. It contains several stores, various mechanics, and is a pleasant and flourishing place, and being at the head of steam-boat navigation, will doubtless become a place of great im portance. Pop. about 1,000. NILES, v. Portage co. O., 20 m. from Ravenna. NIMISHILLEN CREEK, considerable stream, rising in the northern part of Stark co. Ohio, and running from thence in a S. direction, above 40 m. into the NE. quarter of Tuscarawas co. where it unites with Sandy creek, when the joint stream flows W. 5 m. into the E. side of Tuscarawas river. NINE BRIDGES, v. Queen Anne's co. Md., contains some 15 or 20 houses. NINE MILE PRAIRIE, Perry co. II., 10 m. E. from Pinckneyville, and has a post- office of the same name. NINEVEH, v. Frederick co. Va., 145 m. from Richmond, and 80 from W. C. NINEVEH, v. Broome co. N. Y., on the line of the Hudson and Erie rail-road, 19 m. ENE. from Binghampton, has 25 or 30 dwellings. NIPEGON LAKE, U. C., lies to the northward of lake Superior, about half-way between it and Albany river, James' bay. NIPISSING LAKE, lies NE. of lake Hu ron, and is connected with it by the river Francois. NITTANY. mt. Pa., which commences in Centre co. and extends between Lyco- ming and Northumberland cos., almost to the W. branch of the Susquehannah. NIXON'S, v. Maury co. Ten., 50 m. SE. from Murfreesborough. NIXONTON, v. Pasquotank co. N. C., on Little river, 28 m. ENE. from Edenton. NOBLE, co. NE. part of Indiana, bound ed N. by Lagrange, E. by De Kalb, S. by Allen and Whitely, and W. by Kosciusko and Elkhart. Watered chiefly by Elkhart r., Turkey creek, and the head branches of Eel river. Pop. 2,702. Sparta is the seat of justice. NOBLESBORO', v. Alleghany co. Pa., 10 m. SW. from Pittsburg. NOBLEBOROUGH, ts. Lincoln co. Me., situated on Damariscotta r. It is a place of considerable trade, carries on an extensive business in ship-buildins, and has a large number of vessels employed in the coasting trade. Pop. 2,210. NOBLESVILLE, v. Hamilton co. In., 25 m. N. from Indianapolis, and 580 from W. C. NOBLEVILLE, v. Otsego co. N. Y., 18 m. SW. from Cooperstown, has 15 or 20 dwellings. NODDLE'S ISLAND, isl. Mass., in Boston harbor, three-fourths of a mile from Long Wharf, Boston. A strong fortress, called Fort Strong, is built on this island. NOLACHCJCKY, r. Ten. and N. C., rises in the northern part of Buncombe co. of the latter, and flowing W. enters Carter co. in the former, and crossing Carter, Washing ton, and Green, joins the French Broad r. 40 m, above its junction with the Holston at Knoxville. NOLENSVILLE, v. Williamson co. Ten., 16 m. E. of S. from Nashville. NOLIN'S CREEK, r. Hardin co. Ken., which runs WSW. into Green r. NONAME, v. Green co. In., 88 m. from Indianapolis, and 660 from W. C. NORFOLK, co. Mass., bounded NW. and W. by Middlesex co. E. by Boston harbor, S. by Plymouth and Bristol cos. and W. by Rhode Island and Worcester co. It has 4(J cotton factories, 15 woollen factories, 33 slit- ting-mills and nail machines, 16 iron-works, and a glass factory. Pop. 53,140. Chief town, Dedham. NORFOLK, ts. Litchfield co. Ct., 18 m. N. from Litchfield, 35 WNW. from Hart ford, 42 ESE. from Hudson. It contains va rious mills and manufacturing establish ments, among which are 2 forges, 2 woollen manufactories, and a scythe factory. Pop. 1,393. NORFOLK, co. SE. part of Va., bounded N. by Hampton Road and Chesapeake bay, E. by Princess Anne co. S. by North Caro lina, and W. by Nansemond co. Population, 27,569, of whom 9,735 were slaves, and 239 free colored. Chief towns, Norfolk and Portsmouth. NORFOLK, bor. and port of entry, Nor folk co. Va., on NE. bank of Elizabeth r.,8 m. above its entrance into Hampton Road, and 32 from the sea, 110 m. by water below City Point, and 112 ESE. from Richmond. Lon. 76 42' W. Lat. 37 12' N. The Farm ers' Bank, the orphan asylum, and the Lan- casterian school, are among the most con spicuous buildings. The position of the town is not pleasant, being low, and in some places marshy ; but it affords agreeable so ciety, and the citizens are distinguished for their hospitality. It has a spacious and commodious harbor, strongly defended by 3 forts. It has more maritime commerce and shipping than any other town in the state. NOR 453 The handsome marine hospital is on Wash ington Point, one mile distant, and a short distance up the river is a large U. S. navy- yard. It contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, a theatre, 2 insurance-offices, 3 banks, an academy, an orphan asylum, an athenaeum containing about 1,000 volumes, and 6 houses of public worship, 1 for Epis copalians, 1 for Presbyterians, 2 for Baptists, 1 for Roman Catholics, and 1 for Methodists. Pop. 10,920. NORFOLK, co. U. C., is bounded on the N. and E. by the co. of Lincoln and the r. Thames, on the S. by lake Erie. NORFOLK, t. and v. St. Lawrence co. N.Y.,251 m. NNW. from Albany, and 26 E. from Ogdensburg. The village is at the head of boat navigation on the Racket river, 25 m. from the St. Lawrence. The river here falls 50 feet within a mile, which affords ex cellent sites for mills ; contains several mills, 2 furnaces, and 30 or 40 dwellings. Pop. of is. 1,728. NORMAN'S KILL, or Creek, r. Albany co. N. Y., which falls into the Hudson, 2| m. S. of Albany. NORRIDGEWOCK, ts. and cap. Somer set co. Me., on the Kennebeck, 94 m. NNE. from Portland, and 205 NNE. from Boston. It is finely situated on both sides of the river, is a very pleasant town, and contains a court-house, a jail, a meeting-house, and has considerable trade. Here is an elegant bridge across the river. Pop. 1,865. NORRIS' SETTLEMENT, Green co. 11., 12 m. NE. from Carrolton, and has a good soil. NORRISTOWN, t. and cap. Montgomery co. Pa., on the N. side of the Schuylkill, 17 m. NW. from Philadelphia, 143 from W. C. It contains a court-house, a bank, and an academy, various mechanic shops, several stores, and is a place of considerable business. A rail-road connects this place with Phila delphia. Pop. 2,987. NORRISVILLE, v. Wilcox co. Ala., 127 m. S. from Tuscaloosa. NORTE, Del, or Rio Bravo del Norte, river, Mexico, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, near the sources of the Arkan sas, about 41 N. Lat. runs SSE. and emp ties itself into the gulf of Mexico, Lon. 96 40' W. Lat. 26 N. Length about 2,000 m. NORTH ALMOND, v. Almond ts. Alle- ghany co. N. Y., contains about 30 dwellings. NORTH ARMENIA, v. Dutchess co. N. Y., 28 m. NE. from Poughkeepsie, has 2 churches and 15 or 20 dwellings. NORTHAMPTON, see Allentown. NORTHAMPTON, v. Clark co. Ohio, 9 m. N. of W. from Springfield, has several stores, and is a flourishing village. NORTHAMPTON, v. on the NE. part of Peoria co. II., 25 m. NE. of Peoria. NORTHAMPTON, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 10 m. SW. from Portsmouth, 50 m. SE. by E. from Concord. Pop. 885. NORTHAMPTON, ts. and cap. Hamp shire co. Mass v on the W. bank of Connec ticut river, opposite Hadley, with which it i connected by a bridge, 1,060 feet long; 18 m. N.from Springfield, 21 S. from Green field, 40 E. from Pittsfield, 42 N. from Hart ford, 95 W. from Boston. The compact part of the town is delightfully situated, and contains a very elegant brick court-house, a stone jail and several houses of public wor ship. It is 376 m. from W. C. It has manu factures of woollen and silk goods, boots, shoes, paper, brooms, iron, and numerous other articles; total annual value, about $350,000. NORTHAMPTON, ts. and v. Fulton co. N. Y. The village is 42 m. from Albany, 17 from Johnstown ; a very pleasant place, containing some 40 or 50 houses. Pop. of ts. 1,526. NORTHAMPTON, co. E. side of Pa., bounded N. by Monroe co. E. by the Dela ware, ESE. by Bucks co. SW. by Lehigh and Schuylkill co. NW. by Luzerne co. It is watered by the Delaware and Lehigh. Chief town, Easton. Pop. 40,996. NORTHAMPTON, co. E. side of Va., bounded N. by Accomack co. E. by the At lantic, S. by the entrance into Chesapeake bay, and W. by Chesapeake bay. Chief town, Eastville. Pop. 7,7 1 5, of whom 3,620 were slaves, and 754 free colored. NORTHAMPTON, co. N. part of N. C., bounded N. by Va. E. by Hertford co. and W. by Roanoke river. Jackson is the seat of justice. Pop. 13,369. NORTHAMPTON, v. in the W. borders of Portage co. Ohio, 15 m. W. from Ra venna. NORTH ATTLEBOROUGH, v. Bristol co. Mass., 29 m. SSW. from Boston, and 12 NNE. from Providence. NORTH ARM, settlement in Edgar co. II., 6 m. E. from Paris. The settlement is large and dense. NORTH BEND, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the Ohio r. 16m. below Cincinnati, and 520 from W. C. NORTH BERWICK, ts. York co. Me., 91 m. SW. from Augusta and 13 NW. from York. It is well watered and very pleasant- Pop. 1,461. NORTH BLENHEIM, v. Schoharie co. N. Y., 55 m. SW. by W. from Albany, about 45 SW. from Schenectady, and 15 from Schoharie, contains some 15 or 20 houses. NORTHBOROUGH, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 11 m. from Worcester, and 32 W. from Boston; has manufactures of cotton goods, boots, shoes, leather, &c. Pop. 1,248. NORTH BROOKFIELD, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 54 m. from Boston and 392 from W. C. Pop. 1,485. It has various manu factures ; annual value, about $500,000. NORTH BRIDGE, ts. on Pawtucket r., in the S. part of Worcester co. Mass., 35 m. SW. from Boston. Its manufactures consist of cotton and woollen goods, cotton machine ry, boots, shoes, &c. Annual value, about $280,000. Pop. 1,449. 454 NOR NORTH BRANCH, v. Somerset co. N. J., 4 m. WNW. from Somerville, 29 from Tren ton, and 208 from W. C., contains a grist mill and fulling-mill, and 20 or 25 dwell ings, &c. NORTH BRIDGEWATER,ts. Plymouth co. Mass.. 29 m. S. from Boston, and 427 from W. C., and has some manufactures. Pop. 2,616. NORTH CAROLINA, one of the U. S. See pasrelOO. NORTH CASTLE, ts. Westchester co. N. Y., on the E. side of Hudson river, about 16 m. from Kinssbridge, and 36 from New York. Surface hilly and stony. Pop. 2,058. NORTH EAST, ts. and v. Dutchess co. N. Y., 24 m. NE. from Poughkeep^ie, 100 NE. from New York, and 60 SPl from Alba ny; surface mountainous. The village con tains 3 stores and about 25 dwellings. Pop. 385. NORTH EAST, t. Cecil co. Md., contains 15 or 20 houses. NORTH END, v. Matthews co. Va., 90 m. from Richmond, and 175 from W. C. NORTHFIELD, ts. Franklin co. Mass., 83 m. NW. from Boston, has manufactures of leather, boots, shoes, ploughs, &c. Pop. 1,673. NORTHFIELD, ts. Washington co.Vt., 9 m. SSW. from Montpelier. Here is a woollen factory, and other mills. Population, 2,013. NORTHFIELD, ts. Merrimack co. N. H., 16 m. N. of Concord. There are several mil's in this town. Pop. 1,413. NORTHFIELD, ts. and v. Richmond co. N. Y., on the NW. part of Staten Island, 5 m. W. from Southfield. The village con tains several churches, a number of mills and stores. Here is the asylum for disabled seamen, called the " Sailors' Snus; Harbor." The building is a spacious and elegant one, of stone, with marble front, portico, and columns. It was founded by the testament of Robert Richard Randall. Pop. 2,748. NORTH GEORGETOWN, v. Columbi- ana co. O., 14 in. W. from New Lisbon, and 150 NE. from Columbus, has several stores, various mechanic shops, and about 200 in habitants. NORTH HAVEN, ts. New Haven eo. Ct., 7 m. NNE. from New Haven. Large quantities of brick are made here. Pop. 1,016. NORTH HEMPSTEAD, ts. v. and cap. Queens co. N. Y., on Long Island sound, 9 m. E. from Jamaica, 22 E. from New York. The township is indented by 3 large bays, and between two of them, on a headland, called Cow Neck, there is a light house, 10 m. N. from the C. H. Pop. 3,891. NORTH HERO, ts. and cap. Grand Isle co. Vt., on an island of the same name, in lake Champlain, 32 m. N. from Burlington, and 545 from W. C. The county buildings are well situated, and the scenery about the village is very pleasant. NORTH HOOSICK, v. Rensselaer co. N.Y.,26 m. NE. from Troy, contains a flan- ; nel factory, scythe factory, and 20 or 30 dwellings. NORTH INDUSTRY, v. Stark co. O., 4 m. S. from Canton, on Nimishillen creek, and has a distillery, a large merchant grist mill, 15 or 20 dwellings, and is fast improv ing. Pop. 7J6. NORTH ISLAND, isl. in the Atlantic, at the mouth of the Great Pedee river, near the coast of South Carolina. Lon. 79 3' W. Lat. 33 20' N. NORTH KINGSTON, ts. Washington co. R. I., 21 m. from Providence, and 60 NW. from Newport. It has numerous manufac turing establishments, and a number of ves sels employed in the coasting trade. Pop. 2 909 'NORTH MIDDLETON, v. Bourbon co . Ken., 49 m. E. from Frankfort. NORTH MOUNTAIN, a ridge which ex tends NE. through Franklin and Cumber land counties, Pa. NORTH POINT, cape, on N. side of the entrance of the Patapsco into Chesa peake bay. NORTHPORT, ts. Waldo co. Me., 14m. NW. from Castine, and 46 E. from Augus ta. Considerable ship-building is carried on here, and considerable business is done in coastins-trade. Pop. 1,207. NORTH PROVIDENCE, ts. Providence co. R. I. It is distinguished for its manu factures. They consist of cotton goods, cast ings, anchors, nails, screws, &c. &c. See Pawtuckef, Mass. Pop. 4,207. NORTH RIVER, r. N. H., which joins the Lamprey r. in the N. part of Ep] ing. NORTH RIVER, r. N. C., runs into Al- bemarle sound. Lon. 76 10' W. Lat. 36 6'N. NORTH RIVER, r.. Mass., which runs E. into the sea, S. of Saituate. NORTH RIVER. See Hudson River. NORTH RIVER, branch of Fluvanna r., in Virginia. NORTH STONINGTON, ts. New Lon don co. Ct., 50 m. SE. from Hartford, and has some trade. Pop. 2,269. NORTHUMBERLAND, ts. Coos co. N. H., on the Connecticut, 7 m. N. from Lan caster, and 130 N. from Concord. Cape Horn, an abrupt mountain of 1,000 feet in height, lies near the centre of this ts. It has some trade, and mills of various kinds. Pop. 399. NORTHUMBERLAND, ts. Saratoga co. N. Y., on the Hudson, 1 1 m. NE. from Balls- ton-Spa, and 44 N. from Albany. Pop. 1,672. NORTHUMBERLAND, co. central part of Pa., bounded N. by Lycoming co. E. by Columbia, S. by Dauphin, and W. by the Susquehannah r. It is watered by both branches of the Susquehannah. Pop. 20,027. Chief town, Sunbury. NORTHUMBERLAND, boro. Northum berland co. Pa., on a point of land in the forks of the Susquehannah, 2 m. N. from Sunbury, and 124 NW. from Philadelphia. The town is regularly laid out, pleasant, and NOR NOT 456 flourishing, and contains an academy, a large number of stores, various mechanics, a bank, several churches, fjr different denominations, and is a place of extensive business. The north and west branch ca nal unite here. Here is a covered bridge across the N. branch of the Susquehannah. Pop. 1,500. NORTHUMBERLAND, co. Va., bound ed NE. by the Potomac, E. by Chesapeake bay, S\V. by Lancaster and Richmond cos. and W. by Westmoreland co. ; 151 m. from W. C. Pop. 7,924, of whom 3,243 were slaves, and 647 free colored. NORTHVILLE, v. Wayne co. Mich., 26 m. from Detroit, and 552 from W. C. NORTHVILLE, v. in the S. part of Cay- uga co. N. Y., 20 m. S. from Auburn. NORTH WALES, v. Montgomery co. Pa., 8 m. E. from Norristown. NORTHWOOD, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 20 m. E. from Concord, 27 WNW. from Portsmouth. Crystals, crystalline spars, and black lead, are found in this town. It has a number of beautiful ponds filled with fish. Pop. 1,172. NORTH YARMOUTH, ts. Cumberland co. Me., on Casco bay,. 12 m. NNE. from Portland, 127 NNE. from Boston. It is a large township, and contains 5 houses of public worship, 3 for Congregationalists, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists ; an academy, a social library, a paper-mill, and has some trade in the fisheries. Population, 2,824. NORTON, ts. Bristol co. Mass., 8 m. NNW. from Taunton, 36 SSW. from Boston. Here are manufactories of iron, cotton goods, copper and copper bolts, boots, shoe*, leather, ploughs, shuttles, straw-bonnets, baskets, &c., annual value, about $400,000. Pop. 1,545. NORTON, v. Delaware co. Ohio, 34 m. N. from Columbus, and 10 from Marion ; contains several stores, and about 40 dwell ings. NORWALK, ts. Fairfield co. Ct., near the mouth of a small river of the same name, on Long Island sound, 31m. WSW. from New Haven, 45 NE. from New York. It is a pleasant town, and has an academy, iron works, and some trade to New York and the West Indies. It has also a patent carpet manufactory, making 200 yards per day, besides various other establishments. Pop. 3,868. NORWALK, v. and seat of justice, Huron co. Ohio, 14 m. from lake Erie, and 100 NE. from Columbus, and contains a court house, jail, bank, several churches, 12 or 15 stores, a steam paper-mill, an insurance company, a lyceum, connected with a public library, 2 printing-offices, a seminary, besides many other establishments. Pop. 2,613. NORWALK ISLANDS, cluster of small islands in Long Island sound, near the coast of Connecticut. Lon.7222'W. Lat.4l4'N. NORWAY, ts, Oxford co. Me., 5 m. SW. of Paris, 152 NNE. of Boston, and 47 from Augusta ; is well watered by various streams and ponds. Pop. 1,786. NORWAY, ts. and v. Herkimer co. N. Y., 20 m. N. of Herkimer, 90 NW. of Al bany, the village contains about 30 dwell ings. Pop. of ts. 1,016. NORWICH, ts. Windsor co. Vt., on the Connecticut, opposite Hanover, 21 m. NV of Windsor. Here is an academy. Pop. 2,218. NORWICH, ts. Hampshire co. Mass., 7 m. WSW. of Northampton, 150 W- of Bos ton. It has a cotton-mill, and manufactures of leather, boots, shoes, axes, spirits, &c. Pop. 750. NORWICH, ts. and city, New London co. Ct., on the Thames, at the head of navi gation, 14 m. N. from New London, 38 SE. from Hartford, 45 WSW. from Providence, 362 from W. C. It contains a court-house, a jail, 2 banks, several houses of public worship, a high school for boys, and one for eirls, both flourishing, a large number of stores and mechanic shops, and is a place of considerable business About a mile east of the landing is the village of Green ville, on the Shetucket, where are 4 or 5 laree factories and paper-mills, and about 50 houses. At the falls are 8 or 9 manu facturing establishments. Norwich is a pleasant town, and considerable both for trade and manufactures. It is favorably situated, at the head of navigation, and has an extensive back country. The falls of the river afford seats for various mills and manufacturing establishments. The courts for the county are held alternately at this city and New London. Pop. of ts. 7,239, of which the city contains 4,200. NORWICH, ts. v. and cap. Chenango co. N. Y., on the Chenanso, 8 m. N. from Oxford, 100 W. from Albany, 392 from W. C., on the Chenango canal. It is a pleasant and flourishing village, containing a court- housp, jail, bank, several stores, various mechanic shops, 4 churches for different denominations, several manufactories, and about 300 houses. Pop. of ts. 4,145. NORWICH, v. Muskingum co. O., on the national road, 12 m. E. from Zanes- ville, and 74 E. from Columbus, contains about 100 dwellings, 12 or 15 mechanic shops, 2 churches, a brewery, plenty of stores, &c. It is a flourishing place. NORWICH, v. M'Kean co. Pa., on Po tato creek, 8 m. SE. from Smithport, and 202 NW. from Harrisburg. NORWOOD, v. Montgomery co. N. C., 159 m. S. from Raleigh. NOTTAWAY,co. S. part of Va., bounded N. by Amelia co. E. by Dinwiddie co. S. by Lunenburg co. and W. by Prince Edward co. Pop. 9,7 16, of whom 7,071 were slaves, and 158 free colored. NOTTAWAY, r. Va., which unites with the Meherrin in N.C. to form the Chowan. NOTTINGHAM, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 24 m. NW. of Portsmouth, and 25 from 4,56 NOT OBI Concord. Various minerals are found here. Pop. 1,193. NOTTINGHAM, t. Prince George co. Md., on the W. side of Patuxent river, 27 m. SE. from W. C. NOTTOWAY C. H., cap. of Nottoway co. Va.,67 m. SW.from Richmond, and 189 m. SSW. from Washington. NOTTSVILLE, v. Daviess co. Ken., 152 m. from Frankfort, and 690 from W. C. NOVA SCOTIA. See page 167. NOWLAND'S FERRY, v. Loudon co. Va. NOXUBEE, CQ. Miss., bounded N. by Lowndes co. E. by Ala. S. by Kemper, and W. by Winston cos. Macon is the seat of justice. Pop. 9,975, of whom 6,157 were slaves. NULHEGEN, r. Vt., which is formed in Ayerill, and flows into the Connecticut, be tween Minehead and Brunswick. NUNDA, ts. and v. Alleghany co. N. Y., on the Genesee, 14 m. N. from Angelica. The village called Nunda valley, contains 2 churches, several mills, 2 furnaces, and about 70 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,627. NUTTSVILLE, v. in the northern part of Lancaster co. Va., 76 m. NE. by E. from Richmond. NYACK, v. Rockland co. N. Y., on the W. side of the Hudson river, 28 m. from N. Y. NYESVILLE, v. Meigs co. Ohio, 6* m. SE. from Chester, and 90 SE. from Colum bus, a small but pleasant village. 0. OAK CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio, a few miles above Augusta, Ken. OAK GROVE, v. Jefferson co~. Ten., 236 m. from Nashville and 491 from W. C. OAK GROVE, v. Henry co. Geo., 79 m. from Milledgeville, and 693 from W. C. OAKHAM, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 15 m. WNW. from Worcester, and 55 W. from Boston. It contains a sattinet factory and manufactures of straw-bonnets, palm-leaf hats, leather, ploughs, boots, shoes, &c. Pop. 1,038, OAK HILL, v. Newton co. Geo., 70 m. from Milledgeville, and 670 from W. C. OAKHILL, v. Jackson co. O., 7 m. SE. from Jackson village; has several stores, 10 or 12 dwellings, a number of mechanics, and increasing in population. OAK HILL, v. Mecklenburg co. Va. ; has 10 or 12 houses. OAKINGHAM, v. Laurens district, S. C., 92 m. NW. from Columbia. OAK ISLAND, small isl. on the coast of N. C., at the mouth of Cape Fear river. OAKLAND, co. Mich., on Huron of lake St. Clair, lying NW. from Wayne, and W. from Macomb cos., and about 40 m. NW. from Detroit. Pop. 23,646. Chief town, Pontiac. OAKLAND, v. St. Tammany parish, La. OAKLAND, v. Oakland co. Mich., 40 m. NW. from Detroit, and 566 from W. C. OAKLAND, settlement in Coles co. II., 14 m. NE. from Charleston, and contains some excellent farms. OAKLEY, v. Seneca co. O., on the W. bank of Sandusky river opposite Tiffin, 85 m. N. from Columbus. This village is sometimes called Fort Ball. OAKMULGEE, r. Geo., which joins the Oconee to form the Alatamaha. Lon. 83 W. Lat. 32 24' N. OAK ORCHARD, v. Orleans co. N. Y., 9 m. WNW. from Albion. OAK RIDGE, v. Guilford co. N. C., 100 m. NW. by W. from Raleigh. OAK'S CREEK, r. Otsego co. N. Y., which runs S. 10 miles, and unites with the Susquehannah. OAKSVILLE, v. Otsego co. N. Y., 4 m. NW. from Cooperstown on Oak creek. It has a cotton-factory and calico-printing works. OAKVILLE, Monroe co. Mich., 36 m. from Detroit, and 507 from W. C. OAKTOMIE, v. Covington co. Miss., 1 10 m. E. from Natchez. OAKVILLE, v. in the SW. part of Buck ingham co. Va., 49 m. SW. by W. from New Canton. OAKVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C., 125 m. SW. by W. from Raleigh. OAKVILLE, v. Lawrence co. Ala., Ill m. from Tuscaloosa. OAXACA, state of Mexico, bounded by the Atlantic Ocean S. Puebla W. and NW. Vera Cruz N. and NE. and Guatemala E. Length from E. to W. 240 m., mean width 180. Between Lat. 15 40' and 18 N. This state is one of the most delightful countries on this part of the globe. The beauty and salubrity of the climate, the fer tility of the soil, and the richness and varie ty of its productions, all combine to ministei to the prosperity of its inhabitants; and this province has, accordingly, from the re motest periods, been the centre of an ad vanced civilisation. OAXACA. city of Mexico, and capital of the state of the same name, stands on one of the confluents of the Chicometepec river, 240 m. SSE. from the city of Mexico. Lat. 16 55' N. It enjoys an atmosphere of pe culiar serenity, but the country is subject to earthquakes. Pop. 25,200. OBED'S RIVER, r. Ten., which rises in. Overton co. and runs into the Cumberland, in Jackson co., a few miles below the Ken tucky line. OBERLIN, settlement, L9rain co. Ohio, 32 m. SE. from Cleveland and 8 SW. from Elyria. It is the seat of Oberlin College and Institute/ The number of students ranges from 200 to 300. OBION, co. W. Ten., bounded N. by Ken. E. by Wakeley, S. by Dyer and Gib son cos. and W. by the Mississippi river. Chief town, Troy. Pop. 4,814, of whom 587 were slaves. OBI OHI 457 OBIAN, r. Ten., which runs into the Mississippi. Lat. 35 48' N. OCATAHOOLA, r. Louisiana, which runs SSE. through the greatest part of its course, then turns to the E. passes through a lake of the same name, and joins theOua- chitta, at the junction of the Tensaw. OCCACHAPPO, r. Ala., which runs N. into the Muscle Shoals. OCCONEACHEA ISLANDS, three small islands on the river Roanoke, belonging to Virginia. Lat. 36 35' N. OCCOHAPPY, or Bear Creek, river. Ten., which runs into the Tennessee river. OCCOQUAN, v. Prince William co. Va., 23 m. from W. C. OCCOQUAN CREEK, r. Va., which runs into the Potomac, 7 m. SW. from Mount Vernon. OCE ANA, co. Mich., bounded N. by lands not yet laid out into cos., E. by Montcalrn, S. by Kent,SVV. by Ottawa co., and NW. by lake Michigan. Pop. 208. OCHAPUSSA, v. Marshall co. Miss., 232 m. from Jackson, and 796 from W. C. OCHESEE,t. Gadsden co. Flo., on the Apalachicola river. OCONEE, r. Geo., which rises in Oconee Mountains, flows by Milledgeville, and unites with the Oakmulgee, and forms the Atta in aha. OCTARARO CREEK, r. Pa., which divides Lancaster and Chester cos. and runs into the Susquehannah, in Md., about 5 m. below Pennsylvania line. OCTIBBEHA, co. Miss., bounded N. by Chickasaw, E. by Lowndes, S. by Winslon, and W. by Chacktaw cos. Harkville is the seat of justice. Pop. 4,276, of whom 2,197 were slaves. OGDEN, ts. and v. Monroe co. N. Y., 2 m. S. from the canal, and 10 W. from Ro chester. The village contains 2 churches and 10 or 12 houses. Pop. of ts. 2,404. OGDEN, v. in the northern part of New Madrid co. Miso., 150 m. from St. Louis. OGDENSBURG, v. Sussex co. N. J., on the Wallkill river, 75 m. N. from Trenton, and 9 from Newton, and contains about 20 dwellinsrs. OGDENSBURG, v. and port of entry and delivery, St. Lawrence co. N. Y., at the con fluence of the Oswegatchie with the St. Lawrence, 116 m. N. from Utica, 212 NW. from Albany, 60 below Kingston, 130 from Montreal, 120 W. from Plattsburg and 63 NE. from Sacketts Harbor. It contains 6 churches, an academy, bank, 20 genera] stores, 15 groceries, numerous and extensive manufactories, and from 400 to 500 houses. It is a place of great trade, and increasing importance. The harbor is safe and spacious Pop. 2,526. OGEECHEE, r. Geo., which rises near the Apalachian mountains, flows SE. nearly parallel with the Alatamaha, into Ossabaw sound, at Hardwick. Length, 200 m. OGLE, co. in the N. part of Illinois, bounded N. by Stephenson and Winnebago, H2 . by Kane, S. by La Salle and Putnam, and W. by Whileside and Joe Daviess cos. Rock river passes diagonally through its north-western portion, and the creeks emp- ,ying into it water a great part of ihe county. Winnebago and several other swamps are in the southern part. Much of the surface is undulating, the soil deep and rich, and the country settling rapidly. Oregon city is the seat of justice. Pop. 3,479. OGLE'S PRAIRIE, St. Clair co. II., 5 m. N. from Belleville ; covered with a flourish- in? settlement. OGLETHORPE, co. NW. part of Geo., bounded N. by Madison, E. by Wilkes, S. by Green, and W. by Clarke. Lexington is the chief town. Pop. 10,868, of whom 6,331 were slaves. OGLESVILLE, v. Trigg co. Ken., 232 m. from Frankfort, and 771 from W. C. It has some trade and is a pleasant village. OHIO, r. U. S., formed by the union of the Alleghany and Monongahela, at Pitts- burg, Pa~ It separates Virginia and Ken tucky on the S. from the slates of Ohio and Indiana, and the Illinois territory on the N., and after a WSW. course of 949 m. joins the Mississippi, 193 m. below the Missouri, in Lon. 88 58' W. Lat. 37' N. . The Ohio, from its commencement, affords most de lightful prospects. Rivers of romantic and beautiful character come in, almost at equal distances, as lateral canals. Its bottoms are of extraordinary depth and fertility; gener ally high and dry, and for the most part healthy; while the configuration of the country on the banks has all that grandeur, softness, or variety, still changing and re curring in such combinations as are requi site to destroy a monotonous effect. For thirty miles below Pittsburg its course is NW. It then slowly turns to the WSW. and pursues that general direction 500 m. Thence SW. 170 m. Thence W. 280 miles. Thence SW. 170 miles through that low and swampy country, in which it finds the Mis sissippi. Between Pittsburg and the mouth, it is diversified with 100 considerable islands, besides a greater number of tow-heads and sand-bars, which in low stages of the water greatly impede navigation. Some of these islands are of exquisite beauty, and afford most lovely situations for retired farms. The passages between them, and the sand-bars at their head, are among the difficulties of the navigation of this river. The Ohio at Pittsburg is 600 yards wide. At Cincin nati, which may be considered its mean width, it is not much more. Below the Cumberland, its average width is 1,000 yards. Its valley is deep, and heavily tim bered, and has nowhere the slightest indica tion of prairie. It varies from 2 to 10 m. in width. It is bounded in its whole course by bluffs, sometimes towering sublimely from the shores of the river, and sometimes receding 2 or 3 miles. Beyond the immedi ate verge of the bottom is a singular line of hills, more or less precipitous, stretching 458 OHI OLD from 5 to 10 m. from the banks. They are known on the Ohio by the familiar appella tion of the ' Ohio hills.' Different estimates have been made of the rapidity of its cur rent. This rapidity being continually vary ing, it would be difficult to assign any very exact estimate. It is found, according to the different stages of the water, to vary be tween 1 and 3 miles. In the lowest stages of the water in the autumn, a floating sub stance would probably not advance a mile an hour. It is subject to extreme elevations and depressions. The average range be tween high and low water, is fifty feet. Its lowest stage is in September j and its highest in March. But it is subject to sud den and very considerable rises through the year. It has been known to rise 12 feet in a night. When these sudden elevations take place, at the breaking up of the ice, a scene of desolation sometimes occurs ; and boats and everything in its course are car ried away by the accumulated power of the ice and the water. Its average descent in a mile, is not far from six inches. At Cincin nati, the surface of the river at low water is supposed to be 130 feet below the level of lake Erie, and 430 above that of the tide water of the Atlantic. Between Pittsburar and the mouth, it makes three and a half degrees of southing in latitude. The aver age lime of the suspension of its navigation by ice, is five weeks. One-half of the re mainder of the year, on an average, it is navigable for large steam-boats in its whole course. The other half, it can be navigat ed easily only by steam-boats of a small draft of water. Since the Louisville and Portland canal has been completed, steam boats of small draft can descend at all times from Pittsburg to the Mississippi. Flat and keel-boats descend the river at all seasons ; but in periods of low water, with frequent groundings on the sand-bars, and the necessity of often unloading to get the boat off. It would be difficult to decide when the Ohio has the most beautiful appearance in the spring, when it rolls along between full banks, or in autumn, when between the rip ples it is calm and still, with broad and clean sand-bars; or in the ripples, where its transparent waters glide rapidly over the pebbly and shelly bottom, showing every thing, as through the transparency of air. The Ohio, and all its tributaries, cannot have less than 5,000 miles of boatable waters; and taking all circumstances into consideration, few rivers in the world can vie with it either in utility or beauty. The following table of distances is taken from Dr. Drake ; the distances are founded on -the surveys made by the U. S. on the north bank : From Pittsburg to miles, whole dist. Big Beaver river, .. 30 ... 30 Little Beaver river, . 13 . . . 43 Steubenville, ... 26 ... 69 Wheeling, .... 26 ... 95 Marietta, .... 83 ... 178 Great Kenhawa river, 87 ... 265 Big Sandy river, . . 47 . . .312 Scioto river, ... 40 ... 352 Maysville, .... 50 ... 402 Little Miami river, . 56 . . . 458 Cincinnati, .... 7 ... 465 Great Miami river, . 20 ... 485 Kentucky river, . . 48 . . . 533 Louisville, .... 54 ... 587 Salt river, . . _. . 23 . . .610 Anderson's river/. . 98 ... 708 Green river, ... 52 ... 760 Wabash river, . . 61 . . .821 Shawneetown, . . 10 . . .831 Cave-in-rock, . . 20 . . .851 Cumberland river, . 40 . . .891 Tennessee river, . . 15 . . .903 Fort Massac, ... 8 ... 911 Mississippi, . . . 38 . . .949 OHIO, one of the U. States. See page 134. OHIO, co. NW. part of Va., bounded NW. and W. by the Ohio, N. by Brooke co. and Pennsylvania, S*E. by Monongalia and Har rison cos. and SW. by Wood co. Chief town, Wheeling. Pop. 13,375, of whom 212 were slaves, and 303 free colored. OHIO, co. Ken., bounded by Butler SE. Green river or Muhlenburg S. and SW. Da- vies NW. Breckenridge N. and Grayson NE. Length 32 m., mean width 20. Chief town, Hartford. Pop. 6,592, of whom 823 were slaves. OHIO CITY, v. Cuyahoga co. 0., oppo site Cleveland, separated from it by the Cuyahoga river. It has increased with great rapidity, and has become a large busi ness place. It contains many elegant man sions, extensive blocks of warehouses, stores, shops, &c. &c. Population not given in the census. OHIOPYLE FALLS, cataract in the river Youghiogeny, 20 feet perpendicular, about 30 m. from its union with the Monon- gahela. OHIOVILLE, v. Beater co. Pa., 15 m. SW. from the boroush of Beaver. OHLTON, v. Weathersfield ts. Trum- bull co. Ohio ; a small but pleasant village. OIL CREEK, r. Pa., which runs into the Allegheny, 6 m. E. from Franklin. OIL SPRING, v. Hinsdale ts. Cattaraugns co. N. Y. ; contains some 10 or 15 houses. OKAU SETTLEMENT, in the SE. part of Macon co. II., 20 m. from Decatur, and contains some 25 or 30 families. OKETIBBEHA, r. Ala., which joins the Tombigbee, at the dividing line of the Chickasaws and Chocktaws. OK-LOCK-ONE, r. rises in Geo., and flowing SSW. falls into Ok- lock-one bay, 40 m. E. from the mouth of the Apalachicola river. OK-LOCK-ONE BAY, is the extreme in land extension of the Apalache bay, and re ceives the Ok-lock-one and St. Mark's rivers. Lat. 30 8' N. OLD BRIDGE, v. Middlesex co. N. J., 6 OLD OPP 459 m. SE. from New Brunswick ; a small vil lage of 12 or 15 houses. OLDHAM, co. Ken., bounded NW. by the Ohio river, NE. by Gallatin co. E. by Henry, S. by Shelby and Jefferson cos. Westport is the capital. Pop. 7,380, of whom 2,377 were slaves. OLD FRANKLIN, v. Cooper co. Miso., 54 m. from Jefferson City, and 1,022 from W. C. OLD MINES, v. Washington co. Miso., 6 m. N. from Potosi. OLDTOWN, v. Lowndes co. Ala., 131 m. SE. from Tuscaloosa. OLDTOWN, v. Greenup co. Ken., 126 m. from Frankfort, and 433 from W. C. OLDTOWN, t. Jefferson co. Geo., on the Ogeechee, 12 m. SE. from Louisville. OLDTOWN, v. Claiborne co. Ten., 223 m. from Nashville, and oil from W. C. OLDTOWN, t. Alleghany co. MJ., on the N. side of the Potomac river, near the mouth of the SW. branch, 14 m. SE. of Cumberland, and 134 NVV. of W. C. OLDTOWN CREEK, r. N. C., which runs into Cape Fear river, Lon. 78 9' W. Lat. 34 8' N. OLEAN, ts. and v. Cattaraugus co. N. Y., on the Alleghany, 173 m. NNE. from Pittsburg. The village, at the confluence of the Olean creek with the river, 18 m. SE. of Ellicottsville, contains 5 or 6 stores, seve ral mills, an iron-foundery, and about 80 houses. Pop. of ts. 638. OLIVERIAN, r. N. H., which runs into the Connecticut, in Haverhill. OLIVESBURG, v. Richland co. O., 10 m. NE. of Mansfield, and 83 NE. from Co lumbus, has several stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings OLYMPIAN SPRINGS, v. Bath co. Ken., 75 m. from Frankfort, and 516 from W. C. OMPOMPONOOSUC, r. Vt., which runs into the Connecticut, 3 in. N. from Dart mouth College. ONEIDA, co. N. Y., bounded N. by Lewis co. E. by Herkimer co. SW. by Madi son co. and W. by Oswego co. Chief towns, Whitesborough, Utica, and Rome. Pop. 85,310. ONEIDA, lake, chiefly in Oneida co. N. Y., 20 m. long, and 4 broad. It receives Wood creek on the E. end, and communi cates with lake Ontario by the Oswego. It is a beautiful lake, abounding in fish. ONEIDA, v. Vernon Is. Oneida co. N. Y., 22 m. W. of Utica, on the Oneida creek, contains several stores, and some 20 or 30 dwellings. ONEIDA, v. Warren co. N. Y., 5 m. NNE. from Glen's Falls, contains 2 taverns and some 15 or 20 dwellings. ONEIDA CASTLE, v.~ Oneida co. N. Y., 22 m. from Utica, 16 from Rome, has 2 churches, several stores and taverns, and about 30 dwellings. ONEIDA CREEK, r. N. Y., which runs N. into E. end of Oneida lake. Length 25m. ONEONTA, ts. and v. Otsego co. N. Y., on the Sus^uehannah river, 22 m. S. from Cooperstown. It contains several stores, taverns, and mills of different kinds, 2 churches, and about 60 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,936. ONION RIVER, r. Vt., which runs W. into lake Champlain, 4 m. NW. from Bur lington village. It is one of the principal rivers of Vermont. Between Colchester and Burlington it has worn through a solid rock of lime-stone, forming a chasm of 70 or 80 feet deep, and at Bolton there is an other similar chasm. Length 70 m. ONO, v. Edgar co. Alaf, 6 m. N. from Paris, and 1 12 NE. by E. from Vandalia. ONONDAGA, co. N. Y., bounded N. by Oswego co. E. by Madison co. S. by Cort- landt co. and W. by Cayuga co. Pop. 67,9 1 1 . Chief town, Syracuse. ONONDAGA, ts. and v. Onondaga co. N. Y., 50 m. W. from Utica, 145 W. from Albany. It is a large and flourishing town, and has two villages, Onondaga-Hollow and West Hill. The latter is 2 m. W. of the former, and contains several churches and a printing-office, and about 80 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 5,658. ONONDAGA, or Salt Lake, lake in Onon daga co. N. Y., 7 m. from Onondaga. It is 7 m. long, and 2 broad. It discharges its waters from N. end into Seneca river. On its borders are celebrated salt springs. ONONDAGA-HOLLOW, v. Onondaga co. N. Y., 6 m. S. from Salina. It contains a state arsenal, an academy, a meeting house, a printing-office, and considerable manufactures, and about 70 dwellings. ONSLOW, co. SE. part of N. C., on the coast, having Jones co. on the N. Pop. 7,527, of whom 2,739 were slaves. Onslow is the seat of justice. ONTARIO, co. in U. C., consists of the following islands: Amherst Island, Wolfe Island, Gage Island, and all the islands be tween the mouth of the Gananoqui, to the easternmost extremity of Point Pleasant. ONTARIO, co. N. Y., bounded N. by Monroe and Wayne cos. E. by Seneca, S. by Steuben and Yates, and W. by Livingston. Pop. 43,501. Chief towns, Canandaigua and Geneva. ONTARIO, ts. Wayne co. N. Y., on S. side of lake Ontario, 20m. W. from Canan daigua. Ontario Corners, 24 m. NW. from Lyons, contains 15 or 20 dwellings. Pop. 1,889. OOLENOY MOUNTAIN, S. C., in the vicinity of Table Mountain. It is remarka ble for a cataract, the descent of which is from 600 to 700 feet. OPELOUSAS, t. and cap. of St. Landry District, La., about 60 m. W. from Baton Rouge. Lat. 30 32' N. It contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, a Roman Catholic church, and some 20 or 30 houses. OPPENHEIM, t. Fulton co. N. Y., on N. side of the Mohawk, 15 m. W. from Johnstown, 56 WNW. from Albany. St. 460 OQU ORL Johnsville and Brockettsville are villages. Pop. 2,169. OQU AGO, v. Broome co. N. Y., on the Susquehannah, 16 m. E. from Chenango Point. ORAZIMBA, t. Texas, on the W. side of the Brazos river above Columbia, at the head of tide on said river. ORAN, v. Onondaga co. N. Y., in the NE. part of Pompey; has 8 or 10 houses. ORANGE, co. E. side of Vt., bounded N. by Caledonia and Washington cos. E. by Connecticut river, S. by Windsor co. W. by Addison co. and NW. by Washington co. Iron and lead ores, slate and granite, are abundant, and it is extensively engaged in the growing of wool. Pop. 27,873. 'Chief towns, Chelsea, Newbury and Randolph. ORANGE, ts. Orange co. Vt., 13 m. SE. from Montpelier. The products of the ts. in cattle and wool are considerable. Pop. 984. ORANGE, ts. Grafton co. N. H., 14 m. SW. from Plymouth, and 40 NNW. from Boston. Ochre is found here in abundance. Pop. 463. ORANGE, ts. Franklin co. Mass., 14 m. E. from Greenfield, and 75 WNW. from Boston. Its manufactures consist of iron castings, boots, shoes, leather, palm-leaf hats, card-boards, shoe-pegs, &c. Pop. 1,501. ORANGE, co. N. Y., bounded N. by Sul livan and Ulster cos. E. by the Hudson, SE. by Rockland co. SW. by New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Pop. 50,739. Chief towns, Newburgh and Goshen. ORANGE, v. Essex co. N. J., 4 m. W. from Newark. The buildings are scattered along the turnpike from Newark to Dover, extending about three miles ; contains 4 churches, several stores, and about 250 dwellings. It carries on an extensive trade in leather, shoes, and hats. ORANGE, co. In., bounded by Crawford S. Dubois SW. Owen W. Lawrence N. and Washington E. Length 22 m., mean width 18. Pop. 9,602. Chief town, Paoli. ORANGE, co. central part of Va., bound ed N. by Madison and Culpeper cos. SE. by Spottsylvania co. S. by Louisa and Albe- marle cos. and WNW. by Rockingham. Pop. 9,125, of whom 5,364 were slaves, and 186 free colored. Chief town, Orange. ORANGE, co. N. part of N. C., bounded N. by Caswell and Person, E. by Wake, S. by Chatham, and W. by Guilford cos. Pop. 24,356, of whom 6,954 were slaves, and 631 free colored. Chief town, Hillsborough. ORANGE, ts. New Haven co. Ct., 5 m. SW. from New Haven. It contains silver and copper ores, and asbestos is found in abundance in serpentine rocks. Popula tion, 1,329. ORANGE C. H., t. and cap. Orange co. Va., at the foot of the south-west mt., 92 m. SW. by W. from Washington, and 80 NW. from Richmond. Pop. 503. ORANGEBURG, v. Jefferson ts. Preble co. O., on the national road, a small village of 10 or 15 houses. ORANGEBURG, district, central part of S. C., bounded N. by Lexington and Rich- land, E. by Sumter and Charleston, S. by Barnwell and Edgefield cos. Orangeburg is the capital. Pop. 18,519. ORANGEBURG, t. and cap. Orangeburg district, S. C., on N. branch of the Edisto, 40 m. SSW. from Columbia, and 77 NNW. from Charleston. It contains a court-house, a jail, about 20 houses, and an academy. ORANGETOWN, ts. Rockland co. N. Y., on W. side of the Hudson, 28 m. N. from New York. This town lies on the S. part of Tappan bay, an expansion of the Hudson. Major Andr6 was hanged here as a spy. Pop. 2,771. ORANGEVILLE, ts. between Sheldon and Warsaw, Genesee co. N. Y., on the head of Tonnewanta creek, 20 m. S. from Batavia. The village contains about 20 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,445. ORANGEVILLE, v. Columbia co. Pa., contains some 15 or 20 houses. OREGON, v. Madison ts. Franklin co. Ohio, 14 m. from Columbus, a small village of 15 or 20 houses. OREGON CITY, v. and seat of justice for Cole co. II., on the N. side of Rock river, 10 m. above Grand Detour, and 15 above Dixonville ; it is a pleasant village. ORENDORF'S MILL, settlement in the S. part of Tazewell co. II., on Sugar creek ; the settlement is large, and the land good. ORFORD, ts. Grafton co. N. H., on the Connecticut, opposite Fairlee, with which it is connected by a bridge, 10 m. S. from Haverhill, 64 NNW. from Concord. Here is a pleasant village, and the town contains a valuable quarry of soapstone, and lime stone is found in abundance. Pop. 1,707. ORISKANY FALLS, v. Oneida co. N. Y., on the Chenango canal, 21 m. SW. from Utica. ORLAND, ts. Hancock co. Me., on E. side of the Penobscot, opposite Prospect, 14 m. N. from Castine, 238 NE. from Boston. It has a good soil, a pleasant village and great naviga'ble facilities. Pop. 1,381. ORLEANS, co. N. part of Vt., bounded N. by Canada, E. by Essex co. SE. by Caledonia co., S. by Washington co. and W. by Franklin co. Chief towns, Irasburg, Craftsbury, and Brownington. Population, 13,634. ORLEANS, ts. Barnstable co. Mass., 20 m. E. from Barnstable, and 85 SE. from Boston. Alarge number of vessels belongto this place, engaged in the coasting trade, and it contains 50 establishments for the manufacture of salt. Pop. 1,974. ORLEANS, v. Orange co. II., llm. N. from Paoli. ORLEANS, co. N. Y., bounded N. by L. Ontario, E. by Monroe, S. by Genesee, and W. by Niagara county. This county is watered by Oak Ore-hard, Johnson's, and Sandy creeks, and their branches. The sur- ORL OTI 461 face is divided into three terraces of unequal breadths, rising in succession from L. Onta rio. The soil generally is highly fertile. Albion is the capital. Pop. 25,127. ORLEANS, parish, La. New Orleans is the capital. See article New Orleans. Pop. 102,193, of whom 23,448 were slaves, and 19,226 free colored. ORLEANS, v. Ontario co. N. Y., on Flint creek, 8 m. E. by N. from Canandai- gua, contains about 35 dwellings. ORLEANS, ts. Jefferson co. N. Y., 184 m. NW. from Albany, and 15 NE. from Watertown. It contains Le Fargeville and Stone Mill villages. Perch lake is also in this town, well stored with perch. Pop. 3,001, ORONO, ts. Penobscot co. Me., on W. side of the Penobscot above Bangor, 43 m. N. from Castine, 246 NE. from Boston ; large quantities of lumber are manufactured here for the Bangor market. Pop. 1,520. ORPHAN ISLAND, isl. Me., near the mouth of the Penobscot, between Prospect and Orland, containing about 10,000 acres. ' ORRESKANNY, v. Oneida co. N. Y., 110 m. NW. from Albany, has several stores and from 40 to 50 dwellings. ORRINGTON, ts. Penobscot eo. Me., on E. side of the Penobscot, opposite Hampden, 33 m. N. from Castine. It enjoys great navigable facilities. Pop. 1,680. ORRINGTON, v. Sheridan ts. Cha- tauque co. N. Y., 140 m. from Albany, has a church, and 12 or 15 dwellings. ORRSVILLE, v. Gwinnet co. Geo., 105 m. from Milledgeville, and 646 from W. C. ORRVILLE, v. Onondaga co. N. Y., 128 m. NW. from Albany, has a church, and about 30 dwellings. ORWELL, pts. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 180 m. NE. from Columbus. ORWELL, ts. Rutland co. Vt., on lake Champlain,58 m. SW. from Montpelier. It has a good mill stream and a pleasant village. Pop. 1,504. ORWELL, ts. Oswego co. N. Y., 139 m. from Albany, 9 E. of Pulaski. Population, 808. ORWICKSBURG, t. bor. and seat of just ice, Schuylkill co. Pa. It stands on a rising ground, 7 m. above Schuylkill Water-gap, and 10 E. from the coal-mines near Mount Carbon, 26 m. NW. from Reading. It con tains a court-house and jail, a number of stores, and an academy, and is a place of considerable business. OSAGE,r. La., which joins the Missouri, 133 m. from the Mississippi. It is a very crooked river, and is navigable for boats about 600 miles. OSAGE, t. and cap. Benton co. Miso., on the Osage river, at the head of steam-boat navigation. OSBORNE'S BRIDGE, v, Fulton co. N. Y., 16 m. NE. from Johnstown. OSBORNVILLE, v. Windham ts. Green co. N. Y., 24 m. NW. from Catskill, con tains 20 or 30 dwellings. OSEOLA, v. Grant co. Wisconsin, on the Mississippi river. OSEOLA, v. Johnson co. Iowa, a small village of 5 or 6 houses. OSNABURG, v. Stark co. Ohio, 5 m. E. from Canton, on the road leading to New Lisbon, 4 m. from Canton, has several stores and taverns, a church, 2 tanneries, 3 distilleries, and from 60 to 70 dwellings. OSSIAN, t. AUeghany co. N. Y. Pop. 812. OSSIPEE, ts. Carroll co. N. H., 55 m. NNW. from Portsmouth, and 60 from Con cord. Pop. 2,190. OSSIPEE, lake, N. H., chiefly in NE. part of the township of Ossipee, about 1,000 rods long from N. to S. and 600 broad. OSSIPEE, r. which flows from Ossipee lake into the Saco, N. of Cornish, in Maine, 15 m. E. from lake Ossipee. OSWEGATCHIE, ts. St. Lawrence co. on the St. Lawrence, at the N. end of Black lake ; 416 m. N. from Utica, 212 NW. from Albany. It contains the village of Ogdens- burg. Pop. 3,193. OSWEGATCHIE, r. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., which runs into the St. Lawrence at Os'densburg. Length 120 miles. OSWEGO, r. N. Y., which runs from Oneida lake into lake Ontario. After a very crooked course of 18 m. it meets Seneca river at Three River Point, whence to its mouth it is 34 miles. The principal fall is in Volney, 12m. from Oswego. Its navigation is improved by locks and canals. OSWEGO, co. N. Y., bounded NW. by lake Ontario, N. by Jefferson co. E. by Lewis and Oneida cos. S. by Oneida lake, Onondaga and Cayuga cos. and W. by Cayuga. Pop. 43,619. Chief towns, Os wego and Richland. OSWEGO, ts. and v. Oswego co. N. Y., at the mouth of the Oswego; 114 m. W. from Utica, 379 from W. C., 38 from Syra cuse, on the Erie canal. This is a flourish ing commercial village. Great quantities of salt are brought here from the salt-works at Liverpool and Salina, and exported. It is well situated for manufacturing, the Oswego river forming a convenient water power, conducted to this place from the falls in a ca nal. There are 6 merchant mills, 2 cotton factories, 3 machine factories, a large foundery and iron works, and 4 saw-mills, &c. The Oswego canal enters the lake here. The vil lage contains 4 churches, an academy, a bank, 7 taverns, 20 general stores, several forwarding houses, 3 printing-offices, &c. &c. The harbor is the best on the lake except Sacketts Harbor. Pop. of ts. 4,665. OSWEGO FALLS, v. Oneida county, N. Y. OTEGO, t. Otsego co. N. Y., 20 m. SW. of Cooperstown. Pop. 1,148. OTEGO CREEK, r. Otsego co. N. Y., which runs into the Susquehannah, in the township of Otego. Length 28 m. OTIS, ts. Berkshire co. Mass., 28 m. SE. of Lenox, 34 W. of Springfield, 116 W. of 462 OTI OXB Boston. It has some manufactures of leather, boots, shoes, &c. Pop. 1,177. OTISCO, ts. Onondaga co. N. Y., 7 m. S. of Onondas-a, 50 W. of Utica, and 140 from Albany. The village of Otisco Centre con tains 15 or 20 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,906. OTfSCO CREEK, r. in Onondaga co. N. Y., which runs into Onondaga lake. OT1SFIELD, ts. Hancock co. Me., 82m. SW. from Augusta. Watered by Union r. Pop. 88. OTSEGO, co. central part of N. Y., bound ed N. by Herkimer and Montgomery cos. E. by Schoharie co. S. by Delaware co. and W. byChenango and Madison cos. Pop. 49,628. Chief town, Cooperstown. OTSEGO, v. Allesan co. Mich., 168 m. from Detroit, and 661 from W. C. OTSEGO, ts. Otsego co. N. Y., 66 m. W. of Albany, including Cooperstown and Oaks- ville. Pop. of ts. 4,120. OTSEGO, lake, in Otsego co. N. Y., 66 m. W. from Albany ; 9 m. long, and 3 broad. OTSELIC, ts. and v. Chenango co. N. Y., 110 m. W. from Albany, and 20 NW. from Norwich. The village contains about 20 dwelling^. Pop. 2,827. OTSQUAGA CREEK, r. N.Y., which runs into the Mohawk, E. of Minden. Length 25 m. OTTAWA, co. 0., a new county not yet organized. Pop. 2,248. OTTAWA, co. Mich., bounded N. by Oceana, E. by Kent, S. by Allegan co. and W. by lake Michigan. Chief town, New ton. Pop. 496. OTTAWA, large r, of British America, rises N. from lake Huron, and flowing SE. falls into the St. Lawrence, 25 m. NW. from Montreal. It forms part of the boundary between Upper and Lower Canada. Its volume of water is very great, for its length of course. Thoueh much obstructed by ra pids, it is one of the channels of inland trade from Montreal to the NW. OTTAWA, ts. and cap. of La Salle co. fl., situated at the junction of Illinois and Fox rivers, on the line of the canal, contains the county buildings, 8 or 10 stores, several taverns, and about 80 families. It bids fair to become a place of some note. OTTERBURN, v. Iowa co. Wis., on the W. branch of the Peekatonokee r., SSE. from Mineral Point. OTTER CREEK, r. Vt., which rises near Dorset, and running W. of N. flows into lake Champlain, at Basin Harbor, in Ferris- burg. It is navigable for sloops to Ver- gennes, 6 m. Length 85 miles. OTTER CREEK, r. Ken., which runs in to the Ohio. OTTER CREEK, r. Va., which runs into the Staunton. OTTSVILLE, v. Bucks co. Pa., 119 m. from Harrisburg, and 174 from W. C. OVERTON, co. Ten., bounded by Cum berland co. in Ken. N. Morgan co. Ten. E. Bledsoe S. White SW. and Jackson W. Length 40 m., mean width 15. Chief town, Monroe. Pop. 9,279, of whom 889 were slaves. OVID, ts. and v. and cap. Seneca co. N. Y., 20 m. S. by E. from Geneva, 41 N. from Elvira, 205 W. from Albany, and 317 from W. C. It is situated between Seneca and Cayuga lakes, and is a large and excellent agricultural town. The village contains 3 or 4 churches, a court-house, jail, an acade my, 8 or 10 stores, a furnace, various me chanic shops, and about 100 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,721. OWASCO, ts. and v. Cayuga co. N. Y., 3 m. SE. of Auburn, and 160 W. of Albany. The village contains about 20 dwellings. Pop. of Is. 1,319. OWASCO, lake, in Cayuga co. N. Y., 11 m. long, and H broad. Owasco creek runs from this lake and joins the Seneca. Length 15m. OWEGO, ts. and v. Tioga co. N. Y., on theSusquehannah, near the mouth of Owego creek, 10 m. S. from Spencer, 170 SW. from Albany. The village, 30 m. SE. from Itha ca, with which it is connected by a rail-road, is the seat of justice for the county, contains a court-house and other county buildings, several churches, a bank, an academy in high repute, several mills, 15 or 20 stores, and is a pleasant and flourishing place of about 200 houses. Pop. of ts. 5,340. OWEGO CREEK, r. N. Y., which runs into the Snsquehannah, near the village of Owego, 25 m. long. OWEN, co. Ken., bounded by Kentucky r. W. Gallatin NW. Garrat N. Harrison E. and Scott and Franklin S. Length 20 m., mean width 12. Chief town, Owentown. Pop. 8,232, of whom 1,288 were slaves. OWEN, co. In., bounded by Dubois S. Davies W. Martin N. and Lawrence and Orange E. Length 24 m., width 18. Pop. 8,359. Spencer is the seat of justice. OWENSVILLE, v. Somers ts. Westches- ter co. N. Y. OWENTON, v. and seat of justice, Owen co. Ken., on a branch of Easle creek, 28 m. NNE. of Frankfort, and 536 from W. C. OWENVILLE, v. Gibson co. In., 190 m. SW. from Indianapolis. OWENBOROUGH, v. and cap. Davies co. Ken., on the Ohio river, 150 m. from Frankfort, and 688 from W. C. ; contains the usual county buildings, several stores, various mechanic shops, and is a place of considerable trade. OWINGSVILLE, v. Bath co. Ken., 70 m. E. from Frankfort. . OWL CREEK, r. Ohio, which joins the Mohiccon, on the borders of Coshocton county. OXBOW, Great, remarkable bend of the river Connecticut, in the township of New- bury, Vt., containing 450 acres of the finest meadow land. OXBOW, v. Jefferson co. N. Y., 25 m. NE. from Watertown, in the ts. of Antwerp; contains 25 or 30 houses. OXBOW PRAIRIE, Putnam co. II., 10 OXF PAI 4.63 tn. S. from Hennepin. It is overspread with fine farms. OXFORD, v. Holmes co. O., 6 m. from Millersbure, and 77 NE. from Cclumbus; has several stores, a merchant-mill and 15 or 20 dwellings. OXFORD, 'v. Chester co. Pa., 41 in. SW. from Philadelphia. OXFORD, ts. Oxford co. Me., 52m. SW. from Augusta, and 8 S. from Paris. It con tains some excellent land, and 2 flourishing villages. Pop. 1,254. OXFORD, v. Oiange co. N. Y., 12m. SW. from Hudson, and 8 from Goshen ; con tains about 20 dwellings. OXFORD, co. W. part of Me., bounded E. by Somerset and Kennebeck cos. S. by Cumberland and Oxford cos. and W. and NW. by N. H. Chief town, Paris. Pop. 38,357. It keeps about 75,000 sheep. OXFORD, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 11 m. S. from Worcester, 50 SW. from Boston. It contains 5 woollen and 4 cotton mills and manufactures of boots, shoes, &c. Annual value, about $500,000. Pop. 1,742. OXFORD, ts. New Haven co. Ct., 16 m. NW. from New Haven, and 40 m. SW. from Hartford. It contains 3 large sattinet facto ries, and an extensive hat factory. Pop. 1,626. OXFORD, ts. and v. Chenan;o co. N. Y., 8 m. S. from Norwich, 110 W. from Al bany. The village contains 3 or 4 churches, 10 or 12 stores, an academy, 2 printing- offices, each issuing a weekly paper, a book store and bindery, and about 250 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 3,179. OXFORD FURNACE, v. Sussex co. N. J., on a branch of the Pequest creek, a small hamlet of some 10 or 12 houses. OXFORD, v. Adams co. Pa., 36 m. from Harrisbursr, and 87 from W. C. OXFORD, t. and port of entry, Talbot co. Md., on the Treadhaven, 8 m. above its mouth, 13 SSW. from Easton, 48 SE. from Baltimore. It is a place of considerable trade. OXFORD, v. and cap. Lafayette co. Miss., 182 m. from Jackson, and 923 from W. C. OXFORD, v. Caroline co. Va., 33 m. from Richmond, and 100 from W. C. OXFORD, t. Granville co. N. C., 30 m. N. by W. from Raleigh. Here are a church and 2 academies. OXFORD, v. Butler co. Ohio, 35 m. NW. from Cincinnati, 110 SW. from Co lumbus. The land of this township belongs to the Miami University. It was chartered in 1809. The land was given by Congress, for its support, which land at this time pro duces an annual income of $4,500. The funds of the institution are daily increasing, and it is believed that in a short time they will be exceeded by few in the western country. It also contains several stores, various mechanic shops, and is a flourishing place. OYSTER BAY, ts. and v. Queens co. N. Y., on Long Island sound, 25 m. E. from New York. The village, 3 m. from the Sound, 12 from North Hempstead, contains about 50 houses. Pop. of ts. 5,865. OYSTER RIVER, r. N. H., which rises in Lee, and flows through Durham into Great bay. OZARK MOUNTAINS, U. S., an ele vated and mountainous tract, commencing near the confluence of the rivers Missouri and Mississippi, and extending in a SW. direction across Arkansas territory into the province of Texas. It attains its greatest elevation in the NE. diminishing in height and increasing in breadth as you advance to the SW. It is traversed by the Arkansas and Red rivers ; its western base is washed by the 111 nois and the Osage, and on the E. it gives rise to the St. Francis, White river, and the Wachitta. P. PACHUCA, t. Mexico, famous for its silver mines. Some authors say, that in the space of six leagues, there are not less than a thousand ; one of which, called Trinity, is supposed to be as rich as any in the Span ish dominions, forty millions of silver having been taken from it in 10 years. It is 45 m. NNE. from Mexico. PACOLET, r. which rises in N. C., and unites with Broad river, at Pinckneyville, in S. C. Pacolet springs are upon it, 17 m. above Pinckneyville. PACTOLUS, v. Su'Iivan co. Ten., on Holston river, 80 m. NE. by E. from Knox- ville, and 268 NE. from Nashville. PADDOCK'S SETTLEMENT, Madison co. II., 7 m. N. from Edwardsville. It is fertile and healthy. PADDYTOWN, v. Hampshire co. Va., on the Potomac river, 20 m. by land above Cumberland, in Md., and 135 NW. from Washington. PADUCAH, v. M'Cracken co. Ken., at the mouth of the Tennessee river, 19 m. E. from Wilmington, and 245 SW. by W. from Frankfort. PAGE, co. Va., bounded NE. by Fred erick co. E. by the Blue Ridge, separating it from Culpeper co., SE. by Madison and Rockingham, and W. by Shenandoah co. The Shenandoah parses through the whole length of this county. The soil is generally of the best quality of lime-stone valley land, a considerable portion being bottom on She nandoah river, and Hawksbill and other creeks. Iron ore is found in different parts of the county, and copper and lead are also found in considerable quantities. Luray is the capital. Pop. 6,194, of whom 781 were slaves, and 216 free colored. PAGESVILLE, v. Newberry district, S. C., 75 m. NW. from Columbia, and 523 from W. C. PAINESVILLE, ts. and v. Geauga co. Ohio, on Grand river, near its mouth, about 30 m. E. from Cleveland. It is a very flourishing township, the largest in the coun- 464 PAI PAL ty, and has considerable trade. The vil lage, situated near the centre of the ts., con tains about 150 dwellings, 18 or 20 stores, a banking-house, several churches, 4 taverns, with a full supply of mechanics. It lies 170 m. NE. from Columbus. PA1NESVILLE, t. Amelia co. Va., 46 m. from Richmond, and 168 from W. C., contains 10 or 15 houses. PAINESVILLE, v. Rockingham co. N. C., 106 m. NW. by W. from Raleigh, and 279 from W. C. PAINESVILLE, v. Pike co. Miso., 8 m. S. from Clarksville. PAINT CREEK, r. Ohio. It is a west ern branch of the Scioto, which it joins 5 m. below Chillicothe. PAINT CREEK, v. Floyd co. Ken., 221 m. SSE. from Frankfort. PAINTED POST, ts. and v. Steuben co. N.Y., on the Tioga, 20 m. SE. from Bath, 234 WS\V. from Albany. The village contains about 50 dwellings, several stores, &c. It takes its name from a painted post near the Coshocton, supposed to be an Indian monu ment of great antiquity. Pop. of ts. 1,674. PAINTER CREEK, western brook of Stillvvater rivulet, emptying into said rivulet ia Miami co. Ohio. It rises in Darke co. PAINTLICK CREEK, r. Ken., which runs into the river Kentucky. PALATINE, ts. and v. Montgomery co. N. Y., on N. side of the Mohawk, 10 m. SW. from Johnstown, 51 WNW. from Alba ny. The village, on the Utica rail-road, contains some 15 or 20 dwellings. Pop. 2,823. PALATINE BRIDGE, v. Montgomery co. N. Y., 52 m. from Albany, has several stores, 25 or 30 dwellings, &c. &c. PALERMO, ts. Waldo co. Me., 16 m. NE. from Augusta, and 24 W. from Belfast. It is a good ts. and very productive of wheat. Pop. 1,594. PALERMO, ts. and v. Oswego co. N. Y., 14 m. SVV. from Oswego. The village con tains 2 stores, 10 or 12 dwellings, &c. PALESTINE, v. German ts. Darke co. Ohio. A small place of some 12 or 15 houses. PALESTINE, v. Ohio ts. Clermont co. Ohio; has from 15 to 20 houses. PALESTINE, v. Unity ts. Columbiana co. Ohio. This was formerly called Me- chanicsburg. PALESTINE, v. Pickaway co. O., on Deer creek, 20 m. SW. from Columbus; has several stores, and 20 or 25 dwellings. PALESTINE, t. Cooper co. Miso., 12 m. S. from Boonville ; contains several stores, and 20 or 30 houses. PALESTINE, v. Pickens co. Ala., 62 m. W. from Tuscaloosa. PALESTINE, v. and cap. Crawford co. H., 80 m. eastward from Vandalia. It has several stores, 3 taverns, 2 apothecaries, a land office, vailous mechanics, and from 45 to 50 inhabitants. PALMER, ts. Hampdeu co. Mass., 16 m. E. Springfield, 71 WSW. from Boston. It contains 1 woollen and 2 cotton-mills, and manufactories of leather, boots, shoes, scythes, palm-leaf hats, and wagons ; annu al amount, about $180,000. Pop. 2,139. PALMER'S SETTLEMENT, Knox co. II., near the line of Fulton co. PALMERSTOWN, v. Saratoga co. N. Y., 46 m. from Albany. PALMYRA, ts. Somerset co. Me., 28 m. E. from Norridgewock, 215 NNE. from Bos ton ; agriculture is the chief employment of the inhabitants. Pop. 1,500. PALMYRA, t. and cap. Fluvanna co. Va., 59 m. NW. from Richmond, and 136 SW. from Washington. PALMYRA, t. and cap. Marion co. Miso., 125 m. from St. Louis; contains the usual county buildings, and 100 houses. PALMYRA, v. Warren co. O., 12 m. SW. from Lebanon, 20 NE. from Cin cinnati, and 90 SW. from Columbus ; con tains several stores and taverns, a church, a number of mechanic shops, and 35 or 40 dwellings. PALMYRA, v. Wabash co. II., on the Great Wabash, 20 m. below Vincennes, and 40 NE. from Carmi. It is situated in a fine country; contains a number of stores, va rious mechanic shops, 30 or 40 dwellings, and is increasing in population. PALMYRA, v. Lemuel co. Mich., 75 m. from Detroit, and 465 from W. C. PALMYRA, pts. Portage co. O., 8 m. ESE. from Ravenna, 150 NE. from Colum bus, PALMYRA, t. Montgomery co. Ten., on the Cumberland, 15 m. below Clarkesville, 65 NW. from Nashville, and 758 from W. C. PALMYRA, ts. and v. Wayne co. N. Y., near Mud creek, and on the Erie canal, 12 m. nearly N. from Canandaigua. The vil lage is 194 m. from Albany by the post-road, 240 by the canal, and 29 from Roches ter by canal. It contains 4 churches, an academy and high school, several mills and stores, and about 250 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 3,549. PALMYRA, v. Lebanon co. Pa., 15 m. E. from Harrisburg, and 124 from W. C., contains 15 or 20 houses. PALMYRA, v. Halifax co. N. C., 100 m. from Raleisrh, contains 6 or 8 dwellings. PALMYRA, v. at Palmyra Bend, WarreD co. Mis., 25 m. below Walnut Hill. PALOURDE, Grassy, Jean, and Verret, form a chain of small lakes between Teche and the Fourche river, La. It is through this chain of lakes that a ferry has been es tablished from the mouth of Teche to the Fourche and Mississippi rivers. The inter mediate ground is so low and marshy, as to render the formation of a road at any season impracticable. A small canal and creek unite the Fourche, 16 m. from its efflux from the Mississippi, with lake Verret, from which the lakes mentioned in this article, and their connecting channels, complete the PAM PAR 465 communication between the eastern and western part of the state. PA Mi: LI A. t*. Jefferson co. N.Y.. 166 rn. X\V. from Albany, and 4 from Water- tow p.. The land is good and highly culti vated. Pop. '2.104. PAMLICO SOUND, a large bay on the coast of X. Carolina, 86 m. long, and from 10 to -20 broad. It is separated from the sea by a sandy beach hardly a mile wide, which is covered with boshes. It commu nicate? with Albemarle sound. Ocrecock is 1 outlet. PAMUXKY. r. Ya.. formed by tr. S. Anna. It ruas SE. and unites with the Mattapony to form York river. PANAMA, v. Chatauque co. X. Y.. Harmony ts. : west part has several stores and 35 taw PAXOLA. co. Miss., bounded X. by De Soto. E. by Marshall, S. by Tallahatehee. and W. by Tunic. Chief town, Panola. Pop. ;i5 were slaves. PANSE. r. In., which flows XW. into the . a little above the junction of the Tippecanoe. P ANTON, ts. AdJison co. Yt., 13 m. from Middlebury, and 25 from Burlington . culture is the chief employment of the in habitants. Pop. 670. PAXUCO, city of Mexico, in the state of Yera Cruz, on the river Panuco, near the znlf of Mexico, and 170 m. N. by E. of the city of Mexico. Lon. 21 30' W. Lat. 23 Io X. from W. C. PANTHER CREEK, r. Ken., which runs into the Green river. PAOLI. t. and cap. Orange co. In., 27m, X. from Leven worthville, 40 E. from Yincen- nes, contain sthe usual county buildinss. sev eral stores, and is a flourishing business place. PAOLI, v. Adair co. Ken., 103 m. from Frankfort and 624 from W. C. PAOLI, v. Chester co. Pa., on the Phila delphia and Lancaster turnpike road, 16 m. from the former. A neat monument is erected here in honor of the brave soldiers who fell herein an engagement with the British, in the revolutionary war. PAPERVILLE. v. Sullivan co.Ten., 278 m. XE. Sy E. from Murfrecsborough, 338 from Nashville. PARADISE, v. Lancaster co. Pa., 44 m. from Harnsburg, and 118 from W. C. PARADISE, v. Coles co. II.. 70 m. NE. from Yandalia, on the road from Shelbyville to Charle-ton. PARAGON, v. Carrol co. In., on the Wabash a little above Delphi, 92 m. from Indianapolis and 665 from W. C. PARCIPAXY, v. Morris co. X. X T . by E. from Morristown on theParcipany river, and 63 from Trenton, has 2 grist-mills, 2 churches, several stores, and 20 or 25 dwell/ PARIS, v. Stark ts. Stark co. Ohio, 11 m. E. from Canton, and 80 W. from Pittsburg, Pa, It contains 2 churches, several stores I 2 and taverns, a tannery, 15 or 20 mechanic shops, and promises to become a place of some importance. PARIS, v. partly in Huron and partly in Richland co. Ohio, on the road from Mans field to Nor walk, 21 m. from the former and 18 from the latter, has 2 taverns, 8 or 10 stores, 2 tanneries, a church, 3 saw-mills, 2 grist-mills, a carding machine, a number of mechanic shops, &c. &c. PARIS, v. on Biloxi bay, Jackson co. m. SW. from Mobile, Ala., and . from Jackson. PARIS, v. and cap. Edgar co. D., 106 m. NE. by E. from Yandalia, contains a court house," jail, 8 or 10 stores, 55 or 60 families, and is a thriving villaee. PARIS, ts. and eapl Oxford co. Me., 48 m. XXW. from Portland, 160 XXE. from Boston. It contains a court-house, a jail. 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Congrega- tionalists. and 1 for Baptists, and is a place of considerable business. Pop. 2,454. PARIS, ts. Oneida co. N. Y., 8 m. SW. from Utica, 101 N. of W. from Albany. Pop. 2,765. This is a large and valuable township, and is the most populous in the county, and, next to Whitestown, the most wealthy. It contains the villages of Paris HHU Paris Furnace, Paris Hollow, and Sau- qnoit. Pop. ofts. - PARIS, v. Fauquier co. Ya., 131 m. from Richmond and 58 from W. C. PARIS, v. Jefferson co. In., about 60 m. W. from Cincinnati, 76 from Indianapolis and 587 from W. C. PARIS, t. and cap. Bourbon co. Ken., near the junction of the Houston and Stoner creaks. 13 m. EXE. from Lexington, 80 S. from Cincinnati. It is a pleasant town, sit uated in a fertile country, and contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an academy, a Presbyterian and a Methodist meeting-house, and several cotton and woollen manufacto- k sreat part of the buildings are of brick. The surrounding country is pleasant and fertile. Pop. ; PARIS, v. and seat of justice, Henry co. Ten., on the dividing ground between the sources of Obian and Sandy rivers, about 100 m. a little X. of W. from Nashville. It contains the county buildings and has some trade. PARISBURG, t. and cap. Giles co. Va., river, where it passes through Pe ter's mt., 240 m. S. of W. from Richmond, and 298 SW. by W. from W. C. PARIS FURNACE, v. Oneida co. X. Y., in Paris ts. on Sauquoit creek ; has a blast furnace for pigs and castings, an iron screw and scythe factory, and about 30 dwellings. PARISHYILLE. v. St. Lswrenc Y., 35 rn. SE. by E. from Ogdensburg. PARIS HILL. v. Oneida co. X. Y.", 13 m. W. from Utica : contains 3 churches, and 30 or 40 houses. PARISVILLE. v. in the. northern part of Baltimore co. Md., 26 m. from the city of Baltimore. 466 PAR PAT PARKE, co. In., on both sides of the Wa- bash river, bounded E. by Putnam, and S. by Vigo. Length and breadth 24 m. each. This co. lies about 60 m. W. from Indiana polis. Pop. 13,499. Rockville is the seat of justice. PARKER, r. Mass., which falls into the sound opposite Plum Island, NE. of Rowley. PARKERSBURG, t. and cap. Wood co. Va., situated on the Ohio river, at the junc tion of Little Kenhawa, 12 m. below Mari etta, Ohio, and 300 from W. C. Pop. 500. PARKERSBURG, v. Putnam co. In., 76 m. from Indianapolis, and 629 from W. C. PARKER'S CREEK, r. Md., which runs into the Chesapeake. PARKER'S ISLAND, isl. at the mouth of the Kennebeck, forming a part of the town ship of Georgetown. PARKER'S ISLAND, isl. in the Chesa peake near the coast of Maryland, 15 m. S. from Annapolis. Lon. 76 41' W. Lat. 38 53' N. PARKER'S PRAIRIE, on the W. side of Clark co. II. A considerable settlement. PARKER'S SETTLEMENT, Crawford co. II., 10 m. SW. from Palestine, and con tains about 50 families. PARKHEAD, v. Washington co. Md., 87 ja. from Washington. PARKHURST, v. Scott co. Iowa. PARKINSON'S FERRY, v. Washington oo. Pa. PARKMAN, ts. Piscataquis co. Me., 38 IB. NE. from Norridgewock, and 64 NE. from Augusta, has an excellent soil for agri cultural purposes. Pop. 1,205. PARKMAN, v. Geau^a co. Ohio, 17 m. SE. from Chardon, and ~156 NE. from Co lumbus; has 2 mercantile stores, a number of mills, various mechanics, and bids fair to become a place of some importance. PARMA, v. Monroe co. N. Y. 5 on the ridge road, 12 m. W. from Rochester. PARNASSUS, v. Marlborough co. S. C., 110 miles from Columbia, and 406 from W. C. PARR'S SETTLEMENT, Bond co. II., 7 m. N. from Greenville, on the E. fork of Shoal creek. PARSIPPANY, v. Morris co. N. J., 25 m. NW. from Newark, and 63 from Tren ton. ; has 2 grist-mills, 2 churches, an acade my and 20 or 25 dwellings. PARSONSFIELD, ts. York co. Me., 50 m. NNW. from York co. Me., 118 m. NNE. from Boston. In this place is an incorpo rated seminary for the education of males and females ; it is in a flourishing condition. Pop. 2,442. PASCAGOULA, t. Jackson co. Mis., 231 m. from Jackson, and 1,075 from W. C., contains some 20 or 30 houses. PASCAGOULA, r. Miss., which runs S. into the gulf of Mexico, 38 m. W. from Mo bile bay. It is navigable for vessels draw ing 6 feet of water about 50 m. Length about 300 m. PASQUOTANK, r. N. C., which rises in Dismal Swamp, and runs into Albemarle sound. It is connected with Elizabeth river by a canal, which forms a communication between James river and Albemarle sound. PASQUOTANK, co. NE. part of N. C., bordering on Albemarle sound. Pop. 8,514, of whom 2,788 were slaves, and 1,076 free colored. Chief town, Elizabeth city. PASSADUNKY, or Passadumkeag, r. Me., which runs SE. and joins the Penob- scot, 19 in. above Bangor. PASSADUMKEAG^ ts. Penobscot co. Me., 98 m. NE. from Augusta, and 30 from Bangor. Pop. 394. PASSAIC PASSAIC, r. N. J., which flows S. into Newark bay. It is navigable 10 m. for small vessels. At Paterson, which is situat ed on this stream, are the Passaic Falls : here the river has a fall of 72 feet perpen dicular, presenting a scene of singular beau ty and grandeur. It is much, visited as an interesting natural curiosity. PASSAIC, co. N. J., bounded N. by New York, E. by Bergen, S. by Essex and FALLS. W. by Morris and Sussex cos. Paterson is the seat of justice. Pop. 16,734. PASSAMAQUODDY, bay, which forms a part of the boundary between Maine and New Brunswick. It is about 6 m. in ex tent from N. to S. and 12 from E. to W. PATAPSCO, r. Md., rises in the NW. corner of Baltimore co., runs SE. and empties into the Chesapeake bay, between North Point and Bodkin Point. It is navi- PAT PAW 467 gable to Baltimore city, which is situated on it, 14 m. from its mouth, for vessels of the largest class. PATCH GROVE, v. Grant co. Wis., contains 10 or 15 houses. PATCHOGUE, v. on the S. side of Long Island, Suffolk co. N. Y., 50 m. E. from the city of N. Y. It is in the ts. of Brook- haven. PATESVILLE, v. Hancock co. Ken., 120 m. from Frankfort, and 675 from W. C., contains 15 or 20 houses. PATIENCE, isl. in Narraganset bay, R. L, NW. of Prudence Island, 2 miles long ad 1 broad. PATOKA, r. In., rising in Orange and Crawford cos. and flowing thence in a west ern direction, about 80 m. overDubois, Pike, and Gibson cos., empties into the Wabash, 3 m. below the mouth of White river. PATRICK, co. S. side of Va., bounded N. by Franklin co. E. by Henry co. S. by N. C., and NW. by Grayson and Mont gomery cos. Pop. 8,032. Chief town, Tay- lorsville. PATKICKSVILLE, v. Guilford co. N. C., has 8 or 10 dwellings. PATRICKSVILLE, v. Craven, co. N. C., near Newbern. PATRICKTOWN, ts. Lincoln co. Me., 17 m. E. from Augusta, and 20 NW. from Warren. This is a large plantation of good soil. Pop. 506. PATRIOT, v. Gallia eo. O., on the road from Burlington to Chillicothe, 35 m. from the former: contains about 40 dwellings, with a full supply of stores, mechanics, &c. &c. It bids fair to become a place of im portance. PATRIOT, v. Switzerland co. In., on the Ohio river, 121 m. SE. from Indianapolis. PATROON'S MILLS, v. Rensselaer co. N. Y., 14 m. E. from Troy, contains 12 or 15 dwellings. PATTERSON, city and cap. Passaic co. N. J., on the Passaic, 15 m. N. from Newark, 97 NiVE. from Philadelphia, 18 NW. from N. Y. Patterson is one of the largest and most flourishing manufac turing villages W. of Massachusetts. It is situated just below the romantic falls of the Passaic, which supplies water-power to any extent. It contains 17 cotton factories, a clock factory, an iron factory, manufacturing 900,000 Ibs. iron, and 850,000 Ibs. nails. The cotton factories annually manufacture 2,000,000 Ibs. The flax factory 600,000 Ibs. of flax. There is one machine shop em ploying 150 hands. Connected with it is an iron and brass foundery, working an nually 600,000 Ibs. of iron, and 16,500 of brass ; besides which, there are 3 other machine shops, employing about 100 hands each, a button factory, in which are made steel buttons, clasps, ornaments, &c. ; a gilt button manufactory, making buttons of a superior quality, one large paper-mill, besides several other mills and factories of less note. The public buildings are 9 or 10 churches, a court-house, jail, and 2 banks. Pop. 7,596. PATTERSON, ts. and v. Putnam co. N. Y., 23 m. SE. from Poughkeepsie, 100 SSE. from Albany ; the village contains some 20 or 30 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,349. PATTONSBURG, v. Botetourt co. Va., 180 m. from Richmond, and 222 from W. C. PATTONSVILLE, v. Granville district, S. C., 38 m. from Raleigh. PATTONSVILLE, v. Centre co. Pa., 15 m. SSW. from Bellefonte. PATUCKET FALLS, on theMerrimack, between Chelmsford and Dracut, a little above the mouth of Concord river, Ij m. below the head of Middlesex canal, 10 m. W. from Andover. The perpendicular descent is 28 feet. A canal H m. long is constructed around the falls, and a bridge is built across the river at the principal de scent. Here is a small village in the town ship of Chelmsford, with a post-office and several cotton manufactories. PATUXENT, r. Md., which runs SE. into Chesapeake bay, 18 m. N. of the Poto mac. It is navigable for vessels of 250 tons to Nottingham, 50 m. PAULDING, v. and cap. Jasper co. Miss., 86 m. from Jackson, and 1,029 from W. C., contains a court-house, jail, and is a pleasant village. PAULDING, co. Geo., bounded N. by Floyd and Cass, E. by Cobb, S. by Carrol cos. and W. by Ala. Paulding is the seat of justice. Pop. 2,556, of whom 454 were slaves. PAULDING, co. Ohio, bounded by In. W. Williams N. Henry and Putnam E. and Vanwert S. Length 24 m., mean width 18, Maumee river crosses its northern side. The Wabash and Erie canal extends along the whole northern border. Pop. 1,034. PAWCATUCK, r. which runs between Rhode Island and Connecticut, and falls into Stoninston harbor. PAWLET, ts. Rutland co. Vt., 33 m. N. from Bennington. This is a considerable agricultural township, and has a village containing some manufactures and trade. Pop. 1,748. PAWLING, ts. Dutchess co. N. Y., 20 m. SE. from Poughkeepsie, 105 S- from Albany, and 72 NE. from N. Y., the village j called Pawlingville, contains 10 or 12 dwellinss, &c. Pop. of ts. 1,571. PAWTUCKET, v. partly in North Provi dence, R. L, and partly in Seekhonk, Mass., on the Pawtucket r., 4 m. NE. from Provi dence. It is noted for the number and extent of its manufactures, and the thriving village that has sprung up about them. These factories are at the charming cascade of Pawtucket river. Five or six public buildings, two banks, twelve or more cotton factories and print works, and as many other factories, have here been the growth of a few years. The whirling of the mills, the dashing of the water, and the activity of the village, altogether constitute a spec- 468 PAW PEN tacle of great interest. Total annual amount of manufactures, about two million dollars. Pop. about 8,000. PAWTUCKET, r. R. I., which rises in Mass., where it is called the Blackstone, passes through NE. part of Rhode Island, and flows into Narraganset bay, just below Providence. Below the falls it is called the Seekhonk. The descent at the falls is about 50 feet. PAWTUXET, v. in Cranston, R. I., at the mouth of the Pawtuxet, 4 m. S. from Providence. It contains a bank and an academy. It is a flourishing village, and has considerable trade. PAXTON, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 8 m. W. from Worcester, and 48 W. from Bos ton. Its manufactures consist of palm-leaf hats, boots, shoes, carriages, &c. Pop. 670. PAYNESVILLE, v. ^Rockingham co. N. C., contains some 10 or 12 houses. PAYNESVILLE, v. Pike co. Miso., 120 m. from Jefferson city, and 936 from W. C., a small but pleasant village. PAYSONVILLE, v. Adams co. II., 180 m. from Vandalia, and 961 from W. C. PEABODY, r. N. H., which joins the An- droscoggin, in Shelburne. PEACHAM, ts. Caledonia co. Vt., 6 m. S. from Danville, 27 E. from Montpelier, 51 N. from Dartmouth College. This is a pleasant and valuable agricultural town, and it has a small village containing an acade my and a Congregational meeting-house. Pop. 1,143. PEAKS OF OTTER, in Bedford co. Va., 30 m. W. by N. from Lynchburg. Lat. 37 33' N. They are summits of the Blue Ridge, and are considered the most elevated points of land in Virginia. The altitude of the eastern peak is 3,104 feet; that of the western, 2,946. According to another state ment, the elevation is 3,955 feet. The sum mits are composed of granite. PEARL RIVER, r. Mis., which runs S. and joins the Rigolets, which forms a com munication between lakes Ponchartrain and Borgne. In the S. part of its course, Pearl river separates the state of Mississippi from Louisiana. It is the largest river between the Mississippi and Mobile. PEDEE, Great, r. S. C., which rises in N. C., where it is called Yadkin, and runs SSE. into Winyaw bay, near Georgetown, and communicates with the Atlantic 12 m. be low Georgetown. It is navigable for boats of 60 or 70 tons, about 200 m. PEDEE, Little, r. S. C., which rises in N. C., and unites with the Great Pedee, 32 in. above its mouth. PEDRICKSBURG, v. salem co. N. J., 10 m. N. from Salem, and 54 S. from Tren ton, has a church, several stores, and 25 or 30 dwellings. PEEKSKILL, .v. in Cortlandt, Westches- ter co. N. Y., on E. bank of the Hudson, near the mouth of Peekskill creek, 40m. N. from New York. It has 5 houses of public worship, a large and elegant academy, built on the summit of a hill, 3 iron founderies, a bank, &c. &c. and 250 houses. PEELING, ts. Grafton co. N. H,, 20 m. N. from Plymouth, and 557 from W. C., well watered by numerous ponds. There are 3 considerable mountains in this town ship, viz. Cushman's, Blue, and Black moun tains. Pop. 240. PEGUNNOCK, r. N. J., which joins the Passaic, at Horseneck. PEKIN, v. Stark co. (X, 134 m. from Co lumbus, and 313 from W. C., a small village of 10 or 12 houses* PEKIN, v. Tazewell co. II., 164 m. from Vandalia, and 805 from W. C., contains 12 or 15 stores, 4 ministers of the gospel,. 3 for warding houses, 2 houses for packing pork,, and 800 or 900 inhabitants. PELHAM, ts. Roekingham co. N. H., 40 m. SSE. from Concord, and 45 SW. from Portsmouth. The inhabitants depend chiefly upon agriculture for support. Pop. 1,000. PELHAM, ts. Hampshire co. Mass., 14 m. ENE. from Northampton, and 85 W. from Boston. Swift and Fort rivers afford it good mill privileges. Pop. 956. PELHAM, ts. Westchester co. N. Y., on Long Island sound, 18 m. NE. from New- York. It contains some handsome country seats on the shore of the sound. Pop. 789. PELICAN ISLANDS, cluster of small isls. near the coast of Mississippi. PEMAQUID, bay on the coast of Maine, containing several small islands. Lon. 69 30' W. Lat. 43 50' N. PEMBERTON, v. Burlington co. N. J., on the N. branch of Rancocus creek, 6 m. above Mount Holly, and 27 from Trenton ; has a grist-mill, fulling-mill, a cotton manu factory, a cupola-furnace, 2 churches, and about 110 dwellings. PEMBROKE, v. in the southern part of Todd co. Ken., 196 m. from Frankfort, and 736 from W. C. PEMBROKE, ts. Merrimack co. N. H., on E. side of the Merrimack, 6 m. SE. from Concord. It is a pleasant town, and con tains several paper-mills, and other manu facturing establishments. It also contains an academy. Pop. 1,336. PEMBROKE, ts. Plymouth co. Mass., 12 m. NW. from Plymouth, 23 SSE. from Bos ton, at the head of navigation on North river, and possesses superior advantages for ship building. It has various manufactures- Pop. 1,258. PEMBROKE, ts. Genesee co. N. Y., 257 m. W. from Albany, and 14 W. from Bata- via ; contains the village of Richville. Pop., 1,970. PEMIGEWASSET, name applied to the main branch of the Merrimack, till it is joined by the Winnipiseogee, at Sanborntown. Its sources are from the White Mountains, and Moosehillock, and its length to its junc tion with the Winnipiseogee, about 70 m. PENDLETON, v. Madison co. In., 40 m. from Indianaipolis, and 569 from W. C. PENDLETON, co. central part of Va., PEN PER 469 bounded NE. by Hardy co. ESE. by Rock- ingham and Augusta cos., S. by Bath, and WNVV. by Randolph. Chief town, Frank lin. Pop. 6,940. PENDLETON, co. N. part of Ken., bounded N. by Campbell, E. by Bracken, S. by Harrison, and W. by Grant cos. Pop. -!,153, of whom 437 were slaves. Chief town, Falmouth. PENNFIELD, NE. ts. and v. Monroe co. N. Y., on Irondequot bay, 6 m. E. from Ro chester. The village contains 3 churches, several mills and stores, and about 40 dwell ings. Pop. of ts. 2,842. PENNINGTON, v. Mercer co. N. J., 9 m. W. from Princeton, and 8 N. from Tren ton ; contains 4 stores, a Methodist college, a high school for girls, and from 50 to 60 dwellings. PENNSBOROUGH, v. Lycoming co. Pa., on E. side of the Susquehannah, about 18 m. ESE. from Williamsport ; is a flourishing and pleasant place. PENN'S CREEK, r. Pa., which runs into the Susquehannah, 4 m. below Sunbury. PENN'S VALLEY, in the SE. part of Centre co. Pa., between the Brush and Path Valley mountains. PENNSVILLE, v. Bucks co. Pa., 8 m. SE. from Doylestown, and 25 N. from Phila delphia. PENNSVILLE, v. Morgan co. O., 76 m. SE. by E. from Columbus, and 5 m. S. from M'Connellsviile; has a tavern, a Friends' meeting-house, and from 15 to 20 dwellings. PENN YAN, v. and seat of justice, Yates co. N. Y., is situated on the E. and W. line between the townships of Benton and Milo, and a small distance N. of the outlet of Crooked lake, 13 m. nearly S. from Geneva. It contains a brick court-house, a jail, several churches, an academy, 18 or 20 stores, a bank, and 550 houses. PENNSYLVANIA, one of the U. S. See page 77. PENOBSCOT, co. Maine, bounded E. by Washington and Hancock cos. S. by Han cock and WalJo cos. and W. by Somerset co. It is watered by the Penobscot; formed from N. part of Hancock co. Chief town, Ban2:or. Pop. 45,705. PENOBSCOT, s-p. Hancock co. Me., on E. side of Penobseot bny, 4 m. N. from Cas- tine, 240 NE. from Boston. It is a place of considerable trade, and manufactures large quantities of lumber. Pop. 1,474. PENOBSCOT, the largest river in Maine. The western and principal branch rises in the western part of the state, some of its sources being near the head-waters of the Chaudiere, and others near those of the St. John's. It flows E. by S. through Chesun- eook and Pemmidumpkok lakes, and unites with the eastern branch, 54 m. in a right line N. by E. from Bangor. PENOBSCOT BAY, large bay of the At lantic, on the S. coast of Maine. It embo soms Long Island, on which is the town of Isleborough, the Fox Islands, containing the town of Vinalhaven, and several smaller isl ands. It is a very fine bay, affords great ad vantages of navigation, and its islands pre sent a variety of beautiful landscapes. Its entrance, between the Isle of Holt and Owl's Head, is 18 m. wide, and its length from N. to S. is about 30. PENSACOLA, t. Escambia co. W. Florida, on the gulf of Mexico. It is the largest town in West Florida, and has a capacious harbor, but the town can be approached only by small vessels. It is a naval station of the U. States. The situation is comparative ly healthy, and the town is somewhat thriv ing. The town was founded at an early pe riod by the Spaniards. It is 50 m. ESE. from Mobile, 900 SW. from W. C. Lat. 30 25' N. Lon. 87 W. Pop. about 2,000. PEORIA, eo. II., bounded N. by Putnam co. E, and SE. by Illinois river, SW. by Fulton, and W. by Knox. Pop. 6,153. PEORIA, t. and cap. Peoria co. II., sit uated on the Illinois river, 143 m. a little W. of N. from Vandalia. It contains a court house, jail, several churches, 2 large hotels, an academy, a brewery, from 25 to 30 stores, and is fast increasing. Pop. 1,500. PEPACK, v. Somerset co. N. J., llm. NW. from Somerville, and 46 from Trenton, has 10 or 15 houses, &c. PEPPERELL, Is. Middlesex co. Mass., 6 m. NW. from Groton, 39 NW. from Bos ton, contains 3 paper-mills and manufacto ries of palm-leaf hats, boots, shoes, &c., an nual amount, about 80,000 dollars. PEQUANOCK, small r. N. J., in Bergen and Morris cos. It joins Long Pond and Rampough rivers, at Pompton, to form Pomp- ton river. PEQUEA CREEK, r. Pa., which runs into the Susquehannah, 2 or 3 miles below the Conestoga. PERCHE RIVER, v. on a small creek so called, in Jefferson co. N. Y. The creek rises by a small lake 18 or 20 m. NE. from Sackett's Harbor, and falls into Black River Bay, 4 miles below Brownsville. PERCIVAL'S, v. Brunswick co. Va., 68 m. a little W. of S. from Richmond. PERBEDO, r. which runs S. separating West Florida from Alabama, and flows into the gulf of Mexico 12 m. W. of Pensacola, and 32 E. of Mobile Point. It forms a con siderable bay at its mouth. PERRINTON, ts. Monroe co. N. Y., be tween Pittsford and Macedon. The ts. lies on both sides of the Erie canal, 10 m. SE. of Rochester. Bushnell's, Fullom's, and Fair- port are basins and villages on the canal. Pop. 2,513. PERKIOMEN, r. Montgomery co. Pa., which runs into the Schuylkill, about 10 m. above Norristown. PEROTE. t. of Mexico, in the state of Vera Cruz, about 75 m. NW. from the city of Vera Cruz, and 110 nearly E. from Mexi co. Lat. 19 30' N. Near this city rises the vast mountain called by the Spaniards Coffre de Perote, the Naughcampatepetl of 470 PER the Aztecs, 13,414 feet above the level of the gulf of Mexico. PERQUIMANS, co. N. C., bounded by Albemarle sound S. Chovvan co. W. Gates NW. and Pasquotank NE. and E. Length 20 m., mean width 10. Chief town, Hert ford. Pop. 7,346, of whom 2,943 were slaves, and 307 free colored. PERRY, ts. Washington co. Me., 25 m. NE. from Machias. It is a-place of con siderable enterprise in the fishing business, ship-building, and coasting trade. Pop. 1,008. PERRY, ts. and v. Genesee co. N. Y., 255 m. W. from Albany ; the village, 22 m. from Batavia, contains 3 churches, a printing- office issuing a weekly paper, several stores, a furnace, pail factory, and about 200 dwell ings. Perry Centre contains about 30 dwellings, &c. Pop. of ts. 3,082. PERRY, co. Pa., bounded by Cumberland S. Franklin SW. Mifflin NW. and the Sus- quehannah river or Dauphin SE. Length 38 m., mean width 14. Chief town, New Bloomfield. Pop. 17,096. PERRY, co. Ken., bounded by Harlan S. Clay W. Estill NW. Pike N. and Floyd E. Length 50 m.,mean width 20. Pop. 3,089, of whom 143 were slaves. PERRY, interior co. of Ohio, bounded on the N. by Licking co. E. by Muskingum and Morgan, S. by Athens and Hockins, W. by Fairfield co. Length 24 m., width 18. Chief town, Somerset. Pop. '19,344. PERRY, pts. Geauga co. Ohio, on the southern shore of lake Erie, 175 m. NE. from Columbus, and 35 E. from Cleveland. PERRY, co. In., bounded by Ohio river SE. and S. Spencer W. Dubois NW. and Crawford N. and NE. Length 28 m., mean width 15. Surface broken, and soil fertile. Chief town, Troy. Pop. 4,655. PERRY, co. Ten., bounded by Wayne S. Hardin SW. Henderson W. Carroll NW. Humphries N. and Hickman E. Length 33 m., mean width 26. Pop. 7,419, of whom 978 were slaves. Shannonsville is the chief town. PERRY, central co. of Ala., bounded by Dallas S. Green W. Tnscaloosa NW. Bibb NE. and Augusta SE. Cahawba river flows across this co. from N. to S. dividing it into almost equal sections. Pop. 19,086, of whom 10,343 were slaves. PERRY, eo. Mis., bounded by Jackson and Hancock S. Marion W. Jones N. and Green E. Chief town, Augusta. Pop. 1,887, of whom 454 were slaves. PERRY C. H., Perry co. Ala., on Ca hawba r., 50 m. SE. from Tuscaloosa. PERRY, co. II., bounded N. by Washing ton, E. by Jefferson and Franklin, S. by Jackson, and W. by Randolph. Pinckney- ville is the cap. Pop. 3,222. PERRY, co. Miso., bounded NE. and E. by the Mississippi river, S. by cape Girar- deau, W. by Madison, and NW. by St. Genevieve co, Lead ore is found in various places in this county, and iron ore at Iron Mountain is abundant. Perryville is the cap. Pop. 5,760. PERRYOPOLIS, v. in the lower or northern part of Fayette co. Pa., 16 m. a little W. of N. from Uniontown, and 8 m. NE. from Brownsville. PERRYSBURG, N W. ts. Cattaraugus co, N. Y., on Cattaraucus creek, 30 m. S. from Buffalo, 30 from Ellicotlville, and 304 from Albany; post-office, s,ame name. Pop. 1,660. PERRYSBURG, y, and cap. Wood co.. 0., at the Lower Rapids of Maumee river, and on the risrht bank of that stream, 135m. NNW. from Columbus, 80 SW. from Detroit, and 50 SW. by W. from the Bass islands ia lake Erie, also at the head of na\ isation. It has 1,000 feet of permanent wharf, 8 large warehouses, a ship-yard, a splendid court house and jail, 3 churches, 10 or 12 stores, 5 taverns, about 350 dwellings, and many other establishments of less note. It is a beautiful and flourishing place. PERRY'S MILLS, v. Tatnall co. Geo., 115 m. SE. from Milkdgeville. PERRYSVILLE, v. Alleghany co. Pa., 7 m. N. from Pittsburg, contains several stores and some 20 or 30 houses. PERRYSVILLE, v. Bond co. II., on the Kaskaskia, 50 m. E. by N. from St. Louis,, and 30 from Ed wards ville.. PERRYSVILLE, t. Mercer co. Ken., 40 m. from Frankfort, and 575 from W. C. PERRYVILLE, v. Hunterdon co. N. J., 35 m. from Trenton, and 194 from W. C. PERRYSVILLE, v. Richland co. O., on an eastern fork of the Mohiccon creek, 64 m. from Columbus ; has several stores and a few dwellings. PERRYVILLE, v. Perry co. Miso., about 80 m. a little E. of S. from St. Louis ; it is the seat of justice for the county, and im proving gradually. PERRYSVILLE, v. Perry co. Ten., 112 m. SW. by W. from Murfreesborough. PERRYVILLE, v. Vermillion co. In., 88 m. NW. by W. from Indianapolis. PERSON, co. N. C., bounded by Virginia N. Granville E. Orange S. and Caswell W. It is a square of 20 m. each side. Pop. 9,790, of whom 4,350 were slaves, and 210 free colored. Chief town, Rox borough. PERTH AMBOY. See dmboy. PERU, v. Cass co. In., 131 m. from Indi anapolis, and 624 from W. C. PERU, ts. Bennington co. Vt., 38m. NNE_ from Bennington. This is a Green Moun tain ts. Pop. 578. PERU, ts. Berkshire co. Mass., 16 m.. NNE. from Lenox, 125 W. from Boston. It is the highest land between the Connecticut and Hudson rivers. Pop. 576. PERU, ts. and v. Clinton co. N. Y., on. lake Champlain, 140 m. N. from Albany. The village, 10 m. S. from Plattsburg, and 4 W. from the lake, contains 3 churches, a woollen factory, several mills, and 100 houses. Pop. of ts. 3,134. PERU, ts. Oxford co. Me., S. of Andros- PER PHI 471 caggin river, 38 m. from Augusta. Pop. 1,002. PERU, v. Huron co. 0., 90 m. N. from Columbus, has 2 large merchant-mills, a dis tillery, arv-J from 30 to 35 dwellings. PESQUEMANSET, r. Bristol co. Mass., which runs into the sea, at Dartmouth. PETERBOROUGH, ts. Hillsborough co. N.H., watered by the Contoocook, 18 m. W. from Amherst, 38 SW. from Concord, 64 N"W. from Boston. This is one of the most considerable manufacturing towns in the state, and contains an oil-mill, a paper-mill, a woollen manufactory, and five cotton manufactories. Pop. 2,163. PETERBOROUGH, v. Smithfield, Madi son co. N. Y., 29 m. SW. from Utica. It is pleasantly situated on Oneida creek, and on the turnpike, and contains a printing-office, an arsenal, and considerable manufactures and tra r ie, anl 70 or 80 dwellings. PETERSBURG, v. Lancaster co. Pa., 47 m. from Harrisburg. PETERSBURG, v. 8 m. SE. from Gettys burg, Adams co. Pa. PETERSBURG, v. Perry co. Pa., on the right bink of Susquehannah river, 15 m. above Hirrisburg. PETERSBURG, ts. Rensselaer co. N. Y., 18 m. E. from Troy, drained by Little Hoo- sick river. Petersburg Corners, 20 m. from Troy, contains about 20- dwellings and 3 stores. Pop. of ts. 1,920. PETERSBURG, v. Adams co. Pa., 25 m. SW. from York. PETERSBURG, t. Cumberland co. Pa., on W. side of the Susquehannah, 15 m. above Hirrisbnrg. PETERSBURG, v. Sangemon co. II., 100 m. from Vandalia, 17 NE. from Spring field, and 820 from W. C. ; contains several stores, and a steam saw and grist-mill, and is a flourishing place. PETERSBURG, port of entry, Dinwiddie co. Va., on the S. bank of the Appomatox, just below the Falls, 12 m. above its junc tion with the James river, at City Point, 25 m. S. by E. f-om Richmond. It contains an academy, 2 banks, a Masonic Hall, and several houses of public worship. It has considerable commerce in tobacco and flour, owns considerable shipping, and is one of the handsomest and most flourishing towns in the state. Its situation at the head of navi gation, and in the vicinity of the Falls, is highly advantaeeous, as the water-power afforded by the Falls is turned to good ac- cqunt in several extensive and valuable mills. The river is navigable to this place for vessels of 100 tons. The town contains 11,136 inhabitants. PETERSBURG, v. Columbiana co. O., 14 m. ENE. from New Lisbon, and 170 NE. from Columbus, and contains about 20 houses. PETERSBURG, t. Woodford co. Ken., on the river Kentucky, 15 m. SSE. from Frankfort ; contains several stores, various mechanic shops, and is a place of considera ble business. PETERSBURG, t. Elbert co. Geo., on the Savannah, 53 m. above Augusta. It is a pleasant and flourishing town. PETERSBURG, v. Boone co. Ken.; 73 m. from Frankfort, and 25 from W. C. PETERSBURG, v. Pike co. In., 156 m. SSE. from Indianapolis. It is the seat of justice for the county, and contains the usu al county buildings, several stores, &c. &c. PETERSBURG, a small village in High land co. O., 55 m. from Columbus. PETERSBURG, v. Huntingdon co. Pa., on the Juniata river, 6 m. above and W. of Huntinsdon. PETERSBURG, v. Lincoln co. Ten., 61 m. S. from Nashville, and 720 from W. C. PETERSBURG, a small village of Rich- land co. O., a few miles E. of Mansfield. PETERSHAM, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 30 m. NW. from Worcester, 30 ENE. from Northampton, 67 W. by N. from Boston. It has a pleasant and elevated situation, and is one of the best agricultural towns in the state. It is well watered by several streams, which supply a number of factories and forges. Here are also considerable manu factories of straw-hats and bonnets. Pop. 1,775. PETERSTOWN, v. Monroe co. Va., 250 m. from Richmond, and 294 from W. C. PETERSVILLE, v. Frederick co. Md., 89 m. from. Annapolis, and 56 from W. C. PETIS, co. Miso., bounded N. by Saline, E. by Cooper and Morgan, S. by Benton, and W. by Johnson co. Georgetown is the seat of justice. Pop. 2,930, of whom 552 were slaves. PEYTONSBURG, v. Pittsylvania co. Va., 18 m. NW. from South Boston. PHARSALIA, ts. Chenango co. N. Y., 11 m. NE. from Norwich, and 114 W. from Albany. Surface hilly. Pop. 1,213. PHELPS, ts. and v. Ontario co. N. Y., 12 m. E. from Canandaigua. The village con tains about 25 houses. The other villages are Vienna and Orleans. Pop. 5,563. PHILADELPHIA, ts. and v. Jefferson co. N. Y., 173 m. NW. from Albany, and 16 NE. from Watertown. The village con tains some 20 or 30 dwellings. Pop. 1,888. PHILADELPHIA, v. on the northern border of Monroe co. Ten., and on Sweet- water creek, about 35 m. SW. from Knox ville. PHILADELPHIA, co. Pa., bounded N, by Bucks co.. E. and SE. by Delaware river, SW. by Delaware co. and W. by Montgome ry co. Its greatest kngth from NE. to SW. is 18 m., average width 7 m., area about 120 S q. ms. Pop. 258,037. PHILADELPHIA, city, port of entry, and the second city in the Union, is situated in the SE. corner of Pennsylvania, in a county of the same name. It occupies the narrowest part of the isthmus between the rivers Delaware and Schuylkill, about 5 m. above their confluence, and about 100 m. from the sea. It is 300 m. SW. of Boston, 90 SW. of New York, 137 NE. of Washing- 472 PHI ton, and 100 NE. of Baltimore. Lon. 75 10' W. Lat. 39 57' N. Pop. of the city and liberties, in 1800, 62,000; in 1810, 92,247; in 1820, 108,116; in 1830, 161,437; and in 1840, 228,691. There is a sufficient depth of water in the Schuylkill to admit large merchant vessels up to the wharves on the W. side of the city, and ships of any size can ascend to it by the Delaware. It is the most regularly built city in the United States. Its principal streets are 100 feet wide, and the others not less than 50. They are perfectly straight, and intersect each other at right angles. Many of them are beautifully shaded, all are well paved, and kept remarkably clean. The houses are of brick, and generally of three stories. It is unquestionably among the most manufac turing cities, all things taken into view, in the United States, Among all the extensive branches for which it is famous, paper, printing, and publishing are important items. A great number of gazettes, periodicals, and monthlies are issued. This city vies with Boston in the number and extent of its school and classical books. It has a reputation also for the extent and excellence of its breweries. Its literary, philosophical, and humane institutions are worthy of all praise. The Philadelphia Library owes its origin PHILADELPHIA, AND ITS ENVIRONS. to the illustrious Franklin. It contains a museum, a philosophical apparatus, the Philadelphia Library, and the Loganian Library, amounting in all to about 50,000 volumes. The American Philosophical Society, the Philadelphia Society for Promot ing Agriculture, the Athenaeum, and the Academy of Natural Sciences, are all im portant institutions, and have libraries and collections. The Friends' Library contains a respectable collection, and the Friends' Common School Institution is an important and efficient one. There are among the literary institutions great numbers of Lan- casterian, Sunday, and infant schools. Among the humane institutions is one for the deaf and dumb. One of the noblest establishments in this or any other state is the Pennsylvania Hospital. It extends a front of 273 feet, and has a large building connected with it sufficient to contain 50 or 60 patients. Appended to it is a beautiful garden. There are admirable arrangements for everything appertaining to the comfort and restoration of the diseased, both in body and mind. West's splendid picture of Christ Healing the Sick is properly kept in this institution, and for a trifling gratuity shown to strangers. There are over 40 public buildings and 85 houses of public worship. The names, uses, and dimensions of some of the public buildings follow. The First Presbyterian Church is a noble build ing, as are the Episcopal churches in Eighth and Tenth streets. The new Roman Catho lic Church of St. John's, in Thirteenth street, is considered an admirable specimen of the Gothic style, and its interior is splen didly decorated with stained glass, &c. The Market is a low range of buildings in the middle of Market street, extending from the Delaware to Eighth street. The former Bank of the United States in Chesnut street, is considered the most finished specimen of pure Grecian architecture in the Union. It is of white marble, with Doric columns in front. The Bank of Pennsylvania fronts two streets with Ionic columns, and is of white marble. The State House is a large brick building in Chesnut street. Girard's Bank is a beautiful marble building with Corinthian columns. The Arcade is an imposing structure, leading from Chesnut to Carpenter street. It is fitted up with shops, PHI 4.73 FORMER UNITED STATES BANK, PHILADELPHIA. and in the second story with piazzas, and contains Peale's Museum. The Theatre in Chesnut street has a marble front. The Masonic Hall, a little further on, is in the 'Gothic style. The Academy of Arts is in Chesnut street, between Tenth and Eleventh. Among the statues are the Three Graces of Canova, and a gallery of pictures, principally the works of American artists. The Mint of the United States is in Philadelphia, and the building forms an important addition to the public edifices : it fronts on Chesnut near Broad street, and is built entirely of white marble. The amount coined annually varies from two and a half to three million dollars. The Schuylkill Water-Works are a splendid establishment, and noted especially for the rich and varied prospect enjoyed from them. The building in which the machinery is contained is a handsome one, and the machinery is capable of raising 7 million gallons of water in 24 hours. The wheels are driven by a current from a dam above. The reservoirs are on a hill, higher than any part of the city. The pipes extend 34 or 35 m. This grand work abundantly repays the inspection. Pratt's Garden, in full view of the Water- Works, is a charm ing place, and well worthy to be visited. The Penitentiary has the aspect of a fortress, The wall is of granite, 40 feet high, and in closes a square 650 feet each way. The Navy Hospital, 2 m. SW. of the centre of the city, has a front of 386 feet, and is 3 stories hi v. Somerset co. N. J., on Millstone river, 12m. SW. from Somerville, 16m. NE. from Trenton, contains a grist mill, a woollen manufactory, 2 taverns, a rope-walk, 15 or 20 dwellings, &c. ROCKY HILL, v. in Wethersfield, Ct., 4 m. S. from Wethersfield. The business of ship-building is carried on here to some extent. ROCKY HILL MILLS, v. Fauquier co. Virsfinia. ROCKY ISLAND, large rock in the river Detroit, composed of lime-stone. ROCKY MOUNT, t. and cap. of Frank lin co. Va., 25 m. N. from Martinsville, 375 from W. C., contains the co. buildings, and some 20 or 30 houses. ROCKY MOUNT, v. Nash co. N. C. ROC ROS 497 ROCKY MOUNT, v. Fairfield district, S. C., 55 m. E. of N. from Columbia. ROCKY MOUNT, v. Autauga co. Ala., 130 m. from Tuscaloosa, and 860 from W. C., contains about 25 dwellings, &c. ROCKY MOUNTAINS, or Stony Moun tains, long and broad range of mountains, N. America. Lon. 1 12 W. They divide the waters which flow E. into the Missouri and Mississippi, from those which flow W. into the Pacific Ocean. ROCKY RIVER, r. Ohio, which runs into lake Erie, 9 m. W. of the Cuyahoga. ROCKY SPRINGS, v. Rockingham co. N. C., a small place of 6 or 8 dwellings. ROCKY SPRING, v. Claiborne co. Miss., about 60 m. NE. from Natchez. ROCKY SPRINGS, v. Granger co. Ten., 245 m. E. from Nashville. RODMAN, ts. and v. Jefferson co. N. Y., 160 m. N W. from Albany. The village has 2 churches, several mills, and 40 or 50 dwellings. RODNEY, v. Jefferson co. Miss., situated on the Mississippi river, 18 m. NW. from Fayette, 22 NNE. from Natchez, and 70 S W. from Jackson. ROGERSTOWN, v. Franklin co. Miso., 87 m. from Jefferson city, and 890 from W. C. ; a small place. ROGERSVILLE, t. and cap. Hawkins co. Ten., on the Holston, 65 m. ENE. from Knoxville, and 451 from W. C. It is plea santly situated in Carter's Valley, and con tains a court-house, a bank, an academy, and a printing-office. Nine miles SW. of the town there are extensive salt-works. ROGERSVILLE, t. Pendleton district, S C ' ROGERSVILLE, v. Person co. N. C., 96 m. Ni\ T W. from Raleigh. ROGERSVILLE, v. and cap. Lauderdale co. Ala., 150 m. N. from Tuscaloosa, and 770 fro.n W. C. ROME, v. Richland co. 0., 12 ra. N. from Mansfield, and 3 from Ganges, a small village of some 12 or 15 houses. ROME, t. and cap. Perry co. In., situated on the right bank of the Ohio river, 143 m. a little W. of S. from Indianapolis. ROME, v. Ashtabula co. 0., 14 m. SW. from Jefferson, and 180 NE.from Columbus, has 3 saw-mills, 1 flour-mill, and about 350 inhabitants. ROME, ts. Kennebeck co. Me., 22 m. NNW. from Augusta, and contains a neat and flourishing village. Pop. 987. ROME, v. Peoria co. II., 158 m. from Vandalia, and 822 from W. C. ROME, ts. and v. Oneida co. N. Y., 108 m. WNW. from Albany. It is situated on the Erie canal, 16m. W. from Utica. It is a pleasant and flourishing town, contains a court-house, a jail, several churches, an ar senal, a cotton and woollen factory, various mechanics, about 360 dwellings, and has considerable trade. The courts of the county are held alternately here and at Whitesboroush. Pop. of ts. 5,680. N2 ROME, v. Smith co. Ten.. 46 m. from Nashville, and 676 from W.' C., has 15 or 20 dwellings. ROME, v. and cap. Floyd co. Geo., 213 miles from. Milleds:eville, and 613 from W. C. ROMEO, v. Macomb co. Mich., 56 m. NNE. from Detroit. ROMNEY, t. and cap. Hampshire co. Va., on E. side of the S. branch of the Poto mac, 45 m. W. by N. from Winchester, 190 NW. from Richmond, and 112 from W. C. It is a handsome village, containing 2 churches, an academy, a bank, and about 600 inhabitants. A weekly newspaper is also published here. ROMULUS, ts. and v. Seneca co. N. Y., on W. side of Cayuga lake, 10 m. N. from Ovid, and 200 W. from Albany. It is a valu able agricultural town, and has some manu factories. The village contains 15 or 20 dwellings, &c. Pop. of ts. 2,235. RONALDSBURG, v. Trigg co. Ken.. 245 m. from Frankfort, and 784 from W. C., a small village of some 15 or 20 dwellings. RONDOUT, v. Ulster co. N. Y., on the left bank of Rondout creek, one mile from the Hudson. It is the great depot of coal for the Delaware and Hudson canal compa ny, and a place of considerable business. It contains several stores, a printing-office, and about 80 dwellings. RONKONKAMA, small lake in the cen tral part of Long Island, between Brook- haven and Islip ; 55 m. E. from New York ; about 3 m. in circumference, and very deep. It is remarkable for being subject to a regu lar rise and fall, each of which continues 7 years. It abounds in fish. ROOT, ts. Montgomery co. N. Y., 46 m. NW. from Albany. " Pop. 2,979. , ROSCOE, v. Coshocton co. O., 83 m. NE. from Columbus, formerly Caldersburg. Situated on the Ohio canal, and Muskingum river, opposite the town of Coshocton; con tains a large flooring-mill, several other kinds of mills and machinery, 6 or 8 stores, several taverns, a boat-yard, and iron foundery, and 60 or 70 dwellings. ROSE, ts. Wayne co. N. Y., 178 m. NW. from Albany. Rose Valley village, 10 m. NE. from Lyons, has about 20 dwellings. ROSEAU, or Charlottetown, capital of the island of Martinico, on the SW. side of the island. ROSE HILL, v. Lee co. Va., 20 m. W. from Jonesville, and 412 SW. by W. from Richmond. ROSE ISLAND, isl. stretching from Pen- sacola eastward along the coast of Florida, about 60 miles. It is generally less than half a mile wide, sandy, and barren. ROSEVILLE, v. Delaware co. N. Y., in the NE. part of the county, 66 m. from Al bany and 350 from W. C. Contains some 20 or 30 dwellings. ROSEVILLE, v. London co. Va., 158 m. N. from Richmond, and 35 NW. by W. from W. C. 498 ROS RUS ROSEVILLE, v. Parke co. In., 100 m. westerly from Indianapolis. ROSEVILLE, v. Muskingum co. O., 56 m. SE. from Columbus, and 12 E.from Som erset, and contains about 25 houses, &c. ROSS, co. O., bounded N. by Pickaway, E. by Hocking and Jackson, S. by Pike, and W. by Fayette cos. It is 34 m. long from E. to W., and 22 broad from N. to S., con taining about 650 square miles. Chillico- the is the seat of justice. Pop. 27,460. ROSINDALE, v. Ulster co. N. Y., on the Readout creek, 8 m. SW. from Kingston. ROSSVILLE, v. Richmond co. N. Y., in Westfieldts. on Staten Island sound ; contains a good landinsr, and some 25 or 30 dwellings. ROSSVILLE, v. Butler co. Ohio, on the Great Miami, opposite Hamilton, 101 m. from Columbus, and 488 from W. C., has 10 or 12 stores, a printing-office, 2 churches, and from 80 to 100 dwellings. A sub stantial covered bridge across the Miami river, connects this place with Hamilton. ROSSVILLE, v. Hamilton co. Ten., on the S. side of Tennessee river, 4 or 5 miles below the mouth of Chickamaugah creek, 50 SSW. from Washington, Ten. ROTHERWOOD, v. Coweta co. Geo., 151m. from Milledgeville, and 756 from W. C. ROUGE RIVER, r. Michigan, which runs into Detroit river, 5 m. below Detroit. It is navigable for vessels drawing 16 feet water 4 miles, to the dock-yard, thence for boats drawing 3 feet water 8 miles. ROUGH CREEK, r. Ken., which runs into Green river. ROULANDSVILLE, v. Cecil co. Md., contains 10 or 15 dwellings. ROUND TOP, a peak of the Catskill Mountains, N. Y., W. of Catskill. Height 3,804 feet. ROUSE'S POINT, v. Clinton co. N. Y., on the W. cape at the outlet of lake Cham- plain, 186 m. N. from Albany; has a good port, and 25 or 30 dwellings. ROWAN, co. N. C., bounded S. by Mont gomery and Cabarras, W. by Iredell, N. by Surrey and Stokes, and E. by Guilford and Randolph. Length 40 m., mean width 36. Chief town, Lexington. Pop. 12,109, of whom 3,365 were slaves. ROWE, ts. Franklin co. Mass., 17 m. NW. from Springfield, 130 WNW. from Boston. It has some manufactures of wool len goods, boots, shoes, leather, wooden- ware, &c. Pop. 703. ROWLETT, v. Potter co. Pa., 181 m. NNW. from Harrisburg. ROWLEY, ts. Essex co. Mass., 4 m. N. from Ipswich, 15 N. from Salem, 28 NE. from Boston. It contains 2 parishes. The principal employment is agriculture; but leather and shoes are manufactured to some extent. Pop. 1,203. ROXBOROUGH, t. and cap. Person co. N. C., 271 m. from W. C. ROXBURY, ts. Washington co. Vt., 45 m. N. from Windsor, and 15 SSW. from Montpelier. Pop. 784. ROXBURY, ts. Cheshire co. N. H., 50 m. SW. from Concord. On the E. side of the ts. is a pond, called Roaring Brook, at the outlet of which are mills. Pop. 286. ROXBURY, ts. Norfolk co. Mass., 2 m. SW. from Boston, of which it is in reality a suburbs. Its manufactures consist of leather, nails, hats, chairs, pis-iron, spirits, &c. &c. Annual amount, about $300,000. Pop. 9,089, ROXBURY, ts. Litchfield co. Ct., 35 m. NW. from New Haven, and 46 from Hart ford. In digging for silver, a species of iron ore, called steel ore, was discovered at this place. Pop. 971. ROXBURY, ts. Oxford co. Me., 3 m. from Paris. It has a good soil. Pop. 227. ROXBURY, ts. Delaware co. N.Y., 56m. SW. from Albany. Pop. 3,214. ROYALTON, v. Berrian co. Mich., 200 m. from Detroit, and 672 from W. C. ROYALTON, ts. Windsor co. Vt., on White river, 33 m. S. from Montpelier, and 29 NNW. from Windsor. Here is a plea sant village, containing an academy. Pop. 1,917. ROYALTON, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 36 m. NNW. from Worcester, and 70 WNW. from Boston, contains 2 cotton-mills, and manufactures of leather, boots, shoes, palm- leaf hats, mats, &c. Pop. 1,667. ROYALTON, ts. Niagara co. N.Y., 270 m. NW. from Albany. Pop. 3,549. ROYALTON, v. Fairfield co. O., 10 m. W. from Lancaster, 21 SE. from Columbus, and 6 S. of the Ohio canal, has 25 or 30 dwellings, a church, 12 or 15 mechanic shops, several stores, &c. &c. RUCKERSVILLE, v. Elbert co. Geo., 80 m. NE. from Milledgeville. RUMFORD, ts. Oxford co. Me., 20 m. N. from Paris, and 215 from Boston. It has numerous mills, and various manufacturing establishments. Pop. 1,444. RUMFORD, r. Mass., which runs SSE. into Taunton river, S. of Taunton. RUMNEY, ts. Grafton co. N. H., 7 m. NW. from Plymouth, and 50 N. from Con cord. This is a good ts. with several ponds. Pop. 1,110. RUNDLETTSVILLE, v. Franklin co. Miso., 87 m. from Jefferson city, and 893 from W. C. RUPERT, ts. Bennington co. Vt., 32 m. N. from Bennington, and 78 SW. from Montpelier. It produces some fine cattle, and keeps about 10,000 sheep. Pop. 1,086. RUSH, co. In., bounded S. by Decatur, W. by Shelby, NW. by Madison, N. by Hen ry, E. by Fayette, and SE. by Franklin. Length 24 m., breadth 18. Chief town, Rushville. Pop. 16,456. RUSH, ts. and v. Monroe co. N. Y., 230 m. NW. from Albany. The village, 12 m. S. of Rochester, contains some 15 or 20 dwellings. RUSH CREEK, r. 0., which joins the Hockhocking, 7 m. below Lancaster. RUSHFORD, ts. and v. Alleghany co. N. Y. ; soil good for grass ; the village contains RUS RYE 499 several mills, stores, and 50 or 60 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,512. RUSHVILLE, village, on the road from Bath to Canandaigua, Ontario co. N. Y., 10 m. SW. from the latter, contains several ex tensive mills, furnaces, stores, and about 70 dwellings. RUSHVILLE, v. on Rush creek, in the eastern part of Fairfield co. 0., 10 m. NE. by E. from Lancaster, and 38 SE. from Co lumbia ; a flourishing village of about 30 houses, &c. RUSHVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Rush co. In., on Flat Rock creek, 43 m. SE. byE. from Indianapolis, and 553 from W. C., con tains the usual county buildings, several stores, and is a flourishing place. RUSHVILLE, v. Rush ts. Susquehannah co. Pa., 154 m. NE. from Harrisburg. RUSHVILLE, v. and cap. Schuyler co. II., 172 m. NW*. from Vandalia, and 894 WNW. from W. C., contains 8 or 10 stores, 4 churches, a court-house 2 stories high, and about 1,000 inhabitants. RUSSELL, ts. Hampden co. Mass., 14 m. W. from Springfield, and 102 WSW. from Boston, contains a cotton-mill, and some other manufactures. Pop. 955. RUSSELL, ts. and v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., 25 m. SE. from Ogdensburg. The vil lage, 12 m. S. of Canton, contains 6 or 8 houses. Pop. of ts. 1,373. RUSSELL, co. SW. part of Va., bounded N. bv Kentucky, ENE. by Tazewell co. SSE. by Washington co. and W. by Lee co. Pop. 7,878, of whom 700 were slaves. Chief town, Lebanon. RUSSELL, co. Ala., bordered N. by Cham bers co. E. by Geo., S. by Barbar and W. by Macon cos. Chief town, Cussetta. Pop. 16,515, of whom 7,266 were slaves. RUSSELL, co. Ken., bounded NE. by Casey co. E. by Pulaskico. SE. by Cumber land river, and W. and NW. by Adair co. Jamestown is the cap. Pop. 4,238, of whom 406 were slaves. RUSSELLVILLE, v. Chester co. Pa., 62 m. SE. from Harrisburar. RUSSELLVILLE, v. and cap. Claiborne co. La., 441 m. from New Orleans and 1,274 from W. C. RUSSELLVILLE, v. Warren co. Pa,, 8 m. N. from the boro. of Warren, and 186 NW. from Harrisbursr. RUSSELLVILLE, v. Putnam co.In., 634 m. from W. C., and 62 from Indianapolis. RUSSELLVILLE, t. and cap. of Logan co. Ken., 55 m. N.NE. from Nashville, 200 SW. from Lexington, 711 from W. C. Pop. 1,106. It contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an academy, several churches, and 2 printing-offices. RUSSELLVILLE, v. Lawrence co. II., 95 m. from Vandalia, 703 from W. C. RUSSELLVILLE, v. Brown co. Ohio, 100 m. SW. from Columbus, has 3 taverns, 7 or 8 stores, 3 or 4 groceries, 4 churches, and about 40 dwellings. RUSSELLVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Franklin co. Al., on Cedar creek, branch of Bear creek, 25 m. S. from Florence, 90 N. from Tuscaloosa, and 804 from W. C., con tains the usual county buildings, and has some trade. RUSSIA, ts. and v. Herkimer co. N. Y., 26 m. N. from Herkimer; the village contains 40 or 50 dwellings, &c. Pop. 2,298. RUTHERFORD, co. cf N. C., bounded by S. C., S., Buncombe W. Burke N. and Lincoln E. Length 40 m., width 25. Pop. 19,202, of whom 3,201 were slaves, and 126 free colored. Chief town, Rulherfordton. RUTHERFORD, co. Ten., bounded by Bedford S. Williamson SW. Davidson NW. Wilson NE. and Warren E. Length 30 m., width 22. Chief town, Murfreesborough. Pop. 24,282, of whom 9,072 were slaves, and 166 free colored. RUTHERF ORDTON, t. and cap. Ruther ford co. N. C., 45 m. S. from Morgantown, 220 W. from Raleigh, and 484 from W. C., contains a court-house, jail, and some 15 or 20 dwellings. RUTLAND, ts. and cap. Rutland co. Vt., on the Otter Creek, 55 m. from its mouth, 45 W. by N. from Windsor, 57 N. from Ben- nington, 60SSW. from Montpelier, and 462 from W. C. In the central part of the town, there is a pleasant village, situated on a commanding ^eminence. It contains a court-house, a meeting-house, and an acad emy, and has some trade. Pop. 2,708. RUTLAND, v. Meigs co. Ohio, 90 m. SE. from Columbus, a small village of 15 or 20 houses. RUTLAND, co. W. side of Vt., bounded N. by Addison co. E. by Windsor co. S. by Bennington co. and W. by New York and lake Champlain. Chief town, Rutland. This county contains an area of 958 square miles. Pop, 3,699. RUTLAND, ts. Worcester co. Mass.,14m. NW. of Worcester, 52 W. from Boston. Its manufactures consist of woollen goods, leather, boots, shoes, cabinet and wooden wares, &c. Pop. 1,260. RUTLAND, ts. and v. Jefferson co. N.Y. on Black river, 170 m. NW. from Albany ; the village contains some 15 or 20 dwell ings. RUTLEDGE, t. and cap. Granger co. Ten., 30 m. NE. from Knoxville, 483 from W. C. This is a good ts. and considerable trade is carried on in the fishery. Pop. 1,205. RUTLEDGE, v. Connewagots. Cattarau- gus co. N. Y., has 25 or 30 dwellings. RYE, ts. and v. Westchester co. N. Y., on Long Island sound, 28 m. NE. from New York. The village contains 3 churches, 2 academies, and 35 houses. RYEGATE, ts. Caledonia co. Vt., on the Connecticut, 15 m. S. from Danville, 28 E. from Montpelier. The people of this ts. are generally frugal and industrious ; good farmers and good livers. They manufac ture their own apparel and some for their neighbors. Pop. 1,223. 500 QUE RAI s. SABA, isl. of the West Indies, 12 m. in circumference, inhabited by a few Dutch families. Lon. 63 17' W. Lat. 17 39' N. SABINA, v. Richland co. Ohio, 10 m. E. of Wilmington, and 50 SW. from Columbus, a small place of some 10 or 15 houses. SABINE, r. which forms the western boundary of the state of Louisiana, and flows into the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 93 37' W. Lat. 29 23' N. It is navigable about 280 m. Near its mouth it passes through a lake of the same name, which is about 25 m. long, and 12 wide. SABINE LAKE, is the estuary of the Sa- bine and Natchez rivers; it is about 30 m. long, and 8 or 10 wide, communicating with the gulf of Mexico by a narrow channel of 4 or 5 m. in length, and about 400 yards wide. This lake is very shallow, generally about 5 or 6 feet in depth ; near the shores it is still shallower. SABLE, r. N. Y., which rises in Essex co. and runs NE. into lake Champlain, forming for 20 miles the boundary between Clinton and Essex cos. Length 35 m. Adgate's Falls on this river, in Chesterfield, are a beautiful cascade, and are visited by numerous travellers. SABLE, Cape, most S. point of Nova Scotia, near which is a fine cod fishery. Lon. 65 39' W. Lat. 43 23' N. SABLE ISLE, isle nearly adjoining to Sable Cape ; the coasts of both are most commodiously situated for fisheries. SACANDAGA, r. N. Y., runs E. into the Hudson, in Hadley. Length 80 m. SACKET'S HARBOR, ts. and v. and port of entry, Jefferson co. N. Y., at the mouth of Black river, on Hungry bay, and E. end of lake Ontario, 161 m. NW. from Albany, 63 SW. from Ogdensburg, 12 below Watertown, and 470 from W. C. It is one of the best harbors on the Jake, and is rapidly increasing in population and commerce; considerable shipping is owned here. There are U. S. barracks here suffi cient for 3,000 troops. The village con tains several churches, 2 high schools, about 20 stores, 2 furnaces, several mills, a manu factory of steam engines, and about 350 dwellings; considerable trade is carried on from this place through the lake, St. Law rence river, and Oswego, Erie and Welland canals. At the harbor is a light-house. SACO, ts. and port of entry, York co. Me., on NE. side of the river Saco, opposite Biddeford, with which it is connected by 3 bridges, 15 m. SW. from Portland, 28 NE. from York, 100 NNE. from Boston, 530 from W. C. It is a considerable town, favorably situated for trade and manufac tures. It contains a bank and an academy, and has considerable trade. There is a fall in the Saco r. here of 42 feet, which affords a handsome view, as well as valuable water-power for mills and manufacturing establishments, of which several have been erected. Pop. 4,408. SACO, r. rises W. of the White Moun tains, in N. H., and runs SE. into the sea, below Saco. It is 160 m. in length, and has falls of 72 feet in Hiram, of 20 feet in Lymington, 30 in Buxton, and 42 in Saco. To the last 6 m. from its mouth, it is navi^ gable for ships. SACONDAGA, v. in the NE. part of Montgomery co. N. Y., 45 m. NW. from Albany. SACONDAGO, r. of N. Y., rises in Hamilton, flows SE. into the NE. corner of Montgomery, reaches the boundary between- Montgomery and Saratoga, turns abruptly NE. and crossing Saratoga co. falls into the Hudson at Jessup's falls, after a course of about 50 m. SACONDAGO, mountains of N. Y., in Hamilton co., from which flow the Saconda- go, Hudson, Black, and Grass rivers. SADDLEBACK, mt. in Williamstown and Adams, Mass. The peaks of this moun tain are in Adams ; the northern one being about 2,400 feet above the valley, and the southern, or the summit of the saddle, about 3,000 feet above the valley, and nearly 4,000 above the sea. It is the highest land in Massachusetts. SAGADAHOC, r. Me., which joins the Androscogsin, in Rumford. SAGANAUM BAY, bay of lake Huron, situated about the centre of the NW. side. Length 20 m. SAGANAUM RIVER, r. America, which runs into the Saeanaum bay. Lon. 83 35' W. Lat. 44 N. Length 30 m. SAGATUK, r. Ct., which runs into Long Island sound, between Fairfield and Nor- walk, forming a bay at its mouth. SAG HARBOR, v. and port of entry, in Southampton, Suffolk co. N. Y., on E. end of Long Island, and on the Atlantic, 100 m. E. from New York, and 340 from W. C. This village contains about 130 houses, and a printing-office. There is some shipping owned here, employed chiefly in the whale and cod fisheries. It has a good harbor. SAGINAW, co. Mich., bounded N. and NW. by Midland co. NE. by Sasinaw bay, E. by Sanilac and Lapeer, S. by Shiawassee, and W. by Gratiot. Saginaw is the cap. Pop. 2,103. SAGINAW, t. and cap. Saginaw co. Mich., situated on the left bank of Saginaw river, 20 m. above its mouth, and 100 NW. from Detroit. 'Lat. 43 25' N. Lon. 6 55' W. from W. C. Contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and has considerable trade. SAGUENAI, large branch of St. Law rence river, rises in the recesses of Labra dor, and falls into the St. Lawrence about 120 m. below Quebec. The Saguenai, accord ing to Bouchette, is a very considerable river, affording a good harbor for every kind of shipping, at its mouth. ST. ALBANS, ts. and cap. Franklin co. Vt., on lake Champlain, 27 m. N. from Bur- SAI 501 lington, 70 NW. from Montpelier. Here is a pleasant village, which contains a court house, a jail, an academy, and has consider able trade, and is a busy place in the manu facture of various articles. Pop. 2,702. ST. ALBAN'S, ts. Somerset co. Me., 30 m. ENE. from Norridgewock ; contains two pleasant and flourishing villages. Pop. 1,564. ST. ANDREWS, t. and port of entry, Charlotte co. New Brunswick, on a penin sula formed by the confluence of the St. Croix r. with Passamaquoddy bay, opposite Robbinston, Me. Pop. about 1,500. It is a thriving town, and there is a brisk busi ness done in shipping. ST. ANDREWS, small bay, Florida, which sets up from the gulf of Mexico, and approaches within 8 m. of St. Rosa sound. ST. ANN, L Guadaloupe, on the S. coast. Lon. 61 27' W. Lat. 16 21' N. ST. ANN, or Annimpig lake, a lake of Canada, It empties into James bay through Albany river. Lon. 88 15' W. Lat. 49 30' N. ST. ANN'S, port on E. coast of the island of Cape Breton. Lon. 60 W. Lat. 47 N. ST. ANN'S, t. New Brunswick, on St. John's river, 3 m. S. from Fredericktown. Lon. 66 46' W. Lat. 46 2' N. ST. ANN'S BAY, bay of the island of Ja maica. Lon. 77 3' W. Lai. 18 58' N. ST. ANN'S BAY, bay of Mexico, in the bay of Campeachy. Lon. 94 46' W. Lat. I 18 10' N. ST. ANTONIO, a very ancient Spanish town, Texas, on the San Antonio river; it has been the seat of many sanguinary con flicts. Lon. 101 W. ST. AUGUSTINE, seaport of Florida. The harbor is good, but there is a bar at its mouth which at the lowest tides will not ad mit vessels drawing more than 6 feet of water; there is, however, a roadstead out side of the bar, which affords anchorage for larger vessels. The town and the entrance to the harbor are well defended by a strong fort, built entirely of hewn stone, and mounting 60 cannon. In the rear of the city are erected six redoubts. Lat. 29 45' N. Lon. 81 30' W. Pop. 2,459. ST. AUGUSTINE'S RIVER, r. Labra- dojr, which runs into the gulf of St. Law rence. Lon. 59 59' W. ^Lat. 51 15' N. ST. BERNARD, co. La., between L. Borgne and the Miss, river. Pop. 3,237, of whom 2,137 were slaves. ST. BERNARD'S BAY, bay in the gulf of Mexico, on the coast of Texas. Lon. 96 50' W. Lat. 28 30' N. ST. CATHERINE'S SOUND, bay of the Atlantic, on the coast of Georgia, between the islands of St. Catherine and Ossabaw. Lat. 31 38' N. ST. CHARLES, co. Miso., bounded by the Mississippi and Cuivre rivers N. and NE. Missouri river SE. and Montgomery co. W. It occupies the peninsula between the Mississippi and Missouri, above their junction, being about 35 m. long, with a mean width of 12 m. Pop. 7,91 1, of whom 1,597 were slaves. Chief town, St. Charles. ST. CHARLES, t. and cap. St. Charles co. Miso., on the Missouri river, 21 m. from its mouth, 18 NW. from St. Louis by land, and 1,001 from W. C. It is a handsome and flourishing village, contains a Presby terian, Methodist, and Catholic churches, a nunnery with a female school attached, and a college, a valuable institution, which has from 80 to 120 students. Pop. 1,500. ST. CHARLES, parish of La., bounded by St. John Baptist W., by lake Maurepas, Pass of Manchac, and lake Ponchartrain N v parish of St. Bernard E. Length 30 m., mean width 10. Pop. 4,700, of whom 3,722 were slaves, and 104 free colored. ST. CHARLES, r. Canada, which runs into the St. Lawrence, a little below Que bec. ST. CLAIR, r. N. America, which rung S. from lake Huron to lake St. Clair. It is 40 m. loHg, and nearly 1 m. wide. ST. CLAIR, co. II., bounded by Missis sippi river NW. Madison N. Washington. E. Randolph SE, and Monroe SW. Length 30, width 24 m. Chief town, Belleville. Pop. 13,631. ST. CLAIR, co. Ala., bounded by Shelby S. Jefferson SW. Blount NW. Cherokee lands N. and Coosa river E. It is about 35 m. square. Surface hilly and broken, drained by the Coosa and Cahawba rivers. Chief town, Ashville. Pop. 5,638, of whom 1,125 were slaves. ST. CLAIR, co. Mich., bounded N. by Sanilac co. NE. by lake Huron, E. by St. Clair river, S. by lake St. Clair, SW. by Macomb, and W. by Lapeer co. It is drained by Deluge and Belle rivers. Pal mer is the cap. Pop. 4,606. ST. CLAIR, t. St. Clair co. Mich., situat ed 59 m. NE. from Detroit, on the St. Clair river at the mouth of Pine river. ST. CLAIR'S CREEK, r. Ohio, which runs into the Great Miami, opposite Hamil ton. ST. CLAIRSVILLE, v. and cap. Belmont co. Ohio, on the Wheeling, 7 m. from the Ohio, 10 W. from Wheelinsr, 70 E. from Zanesville, 275 from W. C. It is pleasant and flourishing, containing a court-house, a jail, a market-house, a bank, 3 printing- offices, 6 houses of public worship, for Presbyterians, Friends, and Methodists, 25 or 30 stores, 5 taverns, and about 170 dwell ings. ST. CLAIRSVILLE, v. St. Clair co. Ala., on Canoe creek of Coosa river, about 65 m. SSE. from Huntsville. ST. CROIX, r. N. America, which divides Maine from New Brunswick, and flows into Passamaquoddy bay. It is navigable for ships 25 miles. ST. CROIX, r. N. America, which runs into the Mississippi, 90 m. below St. Antho ny's Falls. It is navigable for boats about 100m. L 2 502 SAI ST. FRANCIS, r. Louisiana, which runs into the Mississippi, 107 m. above the Ar kansas, in Lat. 34 45' N. It is navigable upwards of 200 m. ST. FRANCIS, r. of L. C. and Vt., rises in the latter, in Orleans and Essex cos. Its main sources are the confluents of lake Memphremagog and lake St. Francis ; the latter in the recesses of Buckingham co. L. C. Below the junction of its two great branches, the united stream flows NNW. into St. Lawrence river, at the head of lake St. Peter. ST. FRANCOIS, co. Miso., bounded N. by Jefferson, NE. by St. Genevieve, S. by Madison, and W. by Washington cos. It contains much beautiful and rich farming land. A part of the iron mountain lies in this county. Farmington is the cap. ST. FRANCIS, cor Ark., between the St. Francis and White rivers. Precise bounda ries uncertain. St. Francis is the cap. Pop. 2,499, of whom 365 were slaves. ST. FRANCIS, v. and cap. St. Francis co. Ark., Ill in. NE. by E. from Little Rock, contains the county buildings. ST. FRANCISVILLE, t. and cap. W. Feliciana parish, La., on E. bank of the Mississippi, about 30m. above Baton Rouge, and 1,205 from W. C., contains a court house, jail, several stores, and has some trade. ST. GENEVIEVE, co. Miso., bounded by the Mississippi NE. cape Girardeau co. S. Washington SW. and Jefferson NW. Its extreme western parts embrace a portion of the mine tract. Chief town, St. Genevieve. Pop. 3,148, of whom 548 were slaves. ST. GENEVIEVE, t. and cap. St. Gene vieve district, Miso., nearly opposite Kas- kaskia, 1 m. W. of the Mississippi, 64 below St. Louis, and 874 from W. C. This town was formerly built on the river bank, and is said to have contained once 7,000 inhabit ants. The ground on which it stands is somewhat higher than the river bottom, and it begins to extend itself back upon ground considerably more elevated. Pop. 2,000. ST. GEORGE, ts. Chrttenden co. Vt., 10 m. SE. from Burlington, and 28 NW. from Montpelier. ST. GEORGE, ts. Lincoln co. Me., 38 m. ESE. from Wiscasset, and 200 NE. from Boston. It is a place of considerable ship building, and lumber, fishing and coasting trade. ST. GEORGE, r. Lincoln co. Me., which flows into the sea between the towns of St. George and Gushing. It is navisable to Thomastown, which lies on N. side of the town of St. George. ST. GEORGE, r. Md., which runs into the Potomac, NW. of St. George's island. ST. GEORGE'S, t. Newcastle co. Del., 27 m. from Dover, and 1 10 from W. C., con tains 15 or 20 dwellings. ST. GEORGE'S ISLAND, small isl. in the mouth of the river Potomac. Lat. 18 13' N. I S ST. GEORGE'S ISLANDS, some small islands in the Atlantic, near the coast of Maine. Lat. 43 50' N. ST. HELENA, v. Petis co. Mo., 86 m. from Jefferson city, and 1,058 from W. C. ST. HELENA, isl. on the coast of S. C., in a bay called St. Helena's sound. Lat. 32 25' N. It is 13 m, long, and 3 broad. The soil is well adapted to the growth of cotton, which fs largely cultivated. ST. HELENA, t. Livingston co. La., 98 m. from New Orleans. ST. HELENA, parish of La., bounded by East Baton Rouge and New Feliciana W. state of Mississippi N. and Washington and St. Tamany E. Pop. 3,525, of whom 1,573 were slaves. Chief town, Greensburg. ST. HELENA SOUND, bay on the coast of S. C. Lon. 80 30' W. Lat. 32 3' N. ST. HELENS, isl. on the coast of Geo., S. of the entrance of Ogeechee river. ST. ILL A, Great, r. Georgia, rises in Tatnall, Telfair, and Irwin cos. by a number of branches which enter Appling. ST. JAMES, parish, La., bounded N. by the parish of Livingston, E. by lake Maure- pas and St. John Baptist, S. by the Missis sippi river, and W. by Ascension parish. Bringier, 60 m. W. from New Orleans, on the Mississippi river, is the cap. Pop. 8,548, of whom 5,7 1 1 were slaves. ST. JOHN'S, co. Flor., bounded N. by St. John's river separating it from Duval, E. by the Atlantic, S. by Mosquito, and W. by St. John's river separating it from Alachua and Duvah St. Augustine is the capital. Pop. 2,694, of whom 888 were slaves, and 121 free colored. ST. JOHN'S, lake of La., in Concordia r once a bend of the Mississippi. ST. JOHN BAPTISTE, parish, La., on both sides of the Mississippi river, above St. Charles, and between St. James. Area about 150 sq. ms. Pop. 5,776, of whom 3,444 were slaves, and 191 free colored* Chief town, Bonnet Carre. ST. JOHN, or Prince Edward's Island, isl. in the gulf of St. Lawrence, to the W. of the island of Cape Breton, and N. of Nova Scotia, about 100 m. long, and 30 in its mean breadth. Charlotte's Town is the capital. Lon. 63 W. Lat. 46 20' N. Pop. 6,000. ST. JOHN, t. and fort, Canada, on the W. side of the river Chamblee, 20 m. SE. from Montreal. Lat. 45 19' N. The British naval force on lake Champlain had its prin cipal station here during the late war. ST. JOHN'S,, the capital of Newfoundland, is on the SE, coast of the isl. It contains about 13,000 inhabitants. In Feb. 1816, a dreadful fire destroyed 1 17 houses. In Nov. 1817, two still more dreadful conflagrations laid waste nearly the whole town. Not less than half a million sterling of property was destroyed in a few hours. Lat 47 35' N. ST. JOHN'S, r. the principal river of East Florida. Its sources have not been exactly ascertained, but it is supposed to issue from SAI 503 lake Mayaco, between Lat. 26 and 27 N. It runs N. parallel with the Atlantic coast, expanding into several lakes, particularly lake George, which is 20 miles long and 15 wide, and embosoms several islands. With in 20 rn. of its mouth the river turns to the E. and falls into the Atlantic, near Lat. 30 N. 36 in. S. of St. Mary's. Its whole length is about 300 m. and it is navigable for ves sels which can pass the bar at its mouth, for 150 in. to lake George. The bar has 10 feet of water at low tide, and 13 feet at high water, and there is good anchorage outside of the bar for large vessels. ST. JOHN'S, r. Miso., which flows into the S. side of the Missouri, E. of Gasconade river. ST. JOHN'S, r. N. America, which rises from several sources in the northern part of the state of Maine, flows through New Brunswick, an 1 empties itself into the bay of Fundy. It is 350 miles long, and navi gable for sloops 60 miles, and for boats 200. ST. JOHNSBURY, ts. Caledonia co. Vt., 7 m. NE. from Danville, and 35 NE. from Montpelier. Here is a pleasant village, situated on the Pasumsuc, containing valua ble mills, together with some manufactories, and trade. Pop. 1,887. ST. JOSEF, t. Cuba, 125 m. WNW. from Havana. ST. JOSEF, t. New Mexico, on the Bravo, 27 m. NW. from Sanfea Fe. ST. JOSEPH, t. Florida, in a bay of the gulf of Mexico, to which it gives name. Lon. 85 34' W. Lat. 29 48' N. ST. JOSEPH, co. Mich., bounded N. by Kalamazoo E. by Branch co. S. by the state line of Indiana, and W. by Cass co. Pop. 7,680. Centreville is the seat of justice. ST. JOSEPH, co. In., bounded N. by Michigan, E. by Elkhart, S. by Mar shall and Stark, and W. by La Porte co. South Bend is the capital. Pop. 6,424. ST. JOSEPH'S, small bay, Florida, to the W. of Apalachicola bay, within 4 miles of which its waters approach. ST. JOSEPH'S, isl. U. C., in the straits of St. Mary's, which connect lake Superior with lake Huron. It is about 75 miles in circumference, and is separated by a chan nel from Drummond's Island at the mouth of the river. On the S. point of the island is the site of a British fort destroyed during the last war, and near it an establishment ef the NW. Fur Company. ST. JOSEPH, v. Franklin co. F. T., 125 m. from Tallahassee, and 1,021 from W. C. ST. JOSEPH, v. and cap. Berrian co. Mich., 199 m. from Detroit and 673 from W. C. ST. JOSEPH'S, r. In. and Michigan, which runs NW. into SE. part of Michigan. It is upwards of 200 miles long, and naviga ble for boats nearly its whole length. Fort St. Joseph is built upon it, 170 m. SSW. from Detroit. ST. JOSEPH'S RIVER, r. In., which runs S. and unites with the St. Mary's, at Fort Wayne, to form the Maumee. ST. JUAN DE BUENAVISTA, t. Cuba, on the N. coast. Lon. 77 57' W. Lat. 22 2'N. ST. LAWRENCE, one of the largest riv ers of N. America, which rises near the sources of the Mississippi, and passing through the great lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, falls into the gulf of St. Lawrence by a mouth 90 m. wide. That part of it only between its mouth and Montreal, is commonly called St. Lawrence. Between lake Erie and lake Ontario, it is called Nia gara river, and the parts between the other lakes have other names. It forms a commu nication of more than 2,000 miles in extent. It is navigable for ships of the line 400 m. to Quebec, and for ships drawing 14 feet water to Montreal, 580 miles. ST. LAWRENCE, Gulf of , a gulf at the mouth of the river St. Lawrence, inclosed be tween Newfoundland, Labrador, Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Isl and of Cape Bretons. It is 350 m. long, and 150 broad. Lon. 57 to 65 W. Lat. 47 51' N. ST. LAWRENCE, northern co. of N. Y., on St. Lawrence river ; bounded by St. Law rence NW. Franklin co. E. Hamilton and Herkimer cos- S. and Herkimer, Lewis, and Jefferson SW. Length 60 m., mean width 44. The surface is rather uneven, and the soil generally very good. Chief town, Pots dam. Pop. 56,706. ST. LEONARD'S, t. Calvert co. Md., on the W. sirle of the Chesapeake bay, about 10 m. NW. of Drumpoint, 12 NE. of the town of Benedict on the Potomac, and 58 from W. C. ST. LOUIS, co. 8/Tiso., bounded by Mis souri river NW. Mississippi E. Marameck river S. and Franklin co. W. Length 40 m., mean width 15. Pop. 35,979, of whom 4,616 were slaves, and 858 free colored. Chief town, St. Louis. ST. LOUIS, city, St. Louis co. and the largest town in Missouri, on W. bank of the Mississippi, 18 m. by water below the junction of the Missouri, 14 above that of the Marameck, and 856 from W. C. Lon. 89 36' W. Lat. 38 36' N. The situation of the town is elevated, pleasant, and healthy. The ground on which it stands rises gradually from the first to the second bank. Three streets run parallel with the river, and are intersected by a number of others at right angles. The town extends along the river about 2 miles. Most of the houses that have been added within the last ten years, have been of brick or stone. Some of the public buildings are handsome. There are churches for Baptists, Episcopa lians, Presbyterians, Unitarians, Methodists, and Catholics. There is also an African church. The Catholic cathedral is a mag nificent structure ; and would not suffer by comparison with any house of public wor ship in the U % S. ; it is 136 feet long, 84 504 SAI wide, and 40 feet high upon the sides, and 50 feet high in front ; above this the steeple, 20 feet square, rises 40 feet, then an octa gon spire covered with tin, 10 feet high. In the steeple are six bells. The three largest make a very pleasing accord ; they weigh severally 2,600, 1,900, and 1,500 Ibs. The front of the church is of polished free stone, together with the porch, which is 40 feet wide, and consists of 4 large columns of the Doric order, &c. &c. The St. Louis University was founded and is conducted by professors who are members of the college of Jesuits. All the higher branches of classical learning are here taught to a long list of students. There is a medical department now estab lished, headed by professors of great expe rience and high literary attainments. There are also in St. Louis many primary and grammar schools for the education of both sexes. It has but one bank, which is the bank of the state. A spacious town-house is a great ornament to the city. The town has extended itself along the hill, and some of the best houses are on that delightful elevation. Three or four gazettes are printed here. The passage to New Orleans is 1,200 miles by the river, and there are 6 steam-boats constantly plying between these two places. There are also the same num ber constantly running between this place and Louisville, besides others to different places. Pop. in. 1830, 6,690, and in 1840, 15,000. ST. LOUIS, r. Wis. Territory, which flows into W. end of lake Superior, Lon. 91 52' W. Lat. 46 44' N. ST. MARKS, r. Florida, rising near the mouth of St. John's river, and running thence nearly S. and parallel to the sea- coast. The course of this little but curious stream is about 30 miles, falling into the bay or harbor of St. Augustine, its banks mostly swampy. ST. MARTIN, one of the Leeward Ca ribbean Islands, in the West Indies, lying to the NW. of St. Bartholomew, and to the SW. of Anguilla. It is 42 miles in circum ference, has neither harbor nor river, out several salt-pits. It was long jointly pos sessed by the French and Dutch; but at the commencement of the late war, the for mer were expelled by the latter. Lon. 63 W. Lat. 8 14' N. ST. MARTIN'S, parish of La., in Atla- kapas, bounded by Opelousas NW. and W. Gulf of Mexico SW. St. Mary's parish in Attakapas SE. and the Atchafalaya river NE. and E. Length 80 m., breadth 40. Chief town, St. Martinsville. This parish is, throughout its whole extent, an unbroken plain, and tiie soil is highly fertile in cotton and sugar-cane. Pop. 8,674, of whom 4,641 were slaves. ST. MARTIN'S, v. Worcester co. Md. ST. MARTINSVILLE, t. and cap. St. Martin's parish, La., on the Teche, 9 m. by land and 32 by water abpve New Iberia, 1,366 from W. C. Lat. 30 10' N. It is pleasantly situated, and contains a court house, a jail, a market-house, an academy, a Roman Catholic church, and about 100 dwelling-houses. It is situated in a well- cultivated and productive country. ST. MARY'S, co. Md., bounded NE. by Calvert co., E. by Chesapeake bay, SW. by the Potomac, and W. by Charles co. Chief town, Leonardstown. Pop. 13,224, of whom 5,761 were slaves, and 1,393 free colored. ST. MARY'S, v. and cap. Mercer co. Ohio, about 74 m. NW. by W. from Colum bus, and 120 N. from Cincinnati, on St. Mary's river, at the head of navigation, contains the court-house, jail, 2 taverns, a printing-office, 1 tannery, 25 or 30 dwell ings, &c. ST. MARY'S, parish, La., bounded N. by St. Marlins, E. by Assumption and Terre Bonne parishes, S. and SW. by the gulf of Mexico, and W. by Lafayette. Franklin is the capital. Pop. 8,950, of whom 6,286 were slaves, and 298 free colored. ST. MARY'S, t. and s-p. Camden co. Geo., at the mouth of St. Mary's river, 131 m. SSW. from Savannah. Lon. 81 43' W. Lat. 30 43' N. This was a place of con siderable trade during the lale war, but has since considerably declined. ST. MARY'S, r. which rises in Ohio, and runs NNW. and unites with the river St. Joseph's at Fort Wayne, to form the Maumee. ST. MARY'S, r. which divides the state of Georgia from East Florida, and runs into the sea/Lon. 81 40' W. Lat. 30 43' N. ST. MARY'S FALLS, cataract in St. Mary's river, between lake Superior and lake Huron. The Falls of St. Mary do not descend perpendicularly, as those of Niagara and St. Anthony do, but consist of a rapid, which continues near three-fourths of a mile, over which canoes, well piloted, may pass. ST. MARY'S ISLANDS, cluster of small islands in the gulf of St. Lawrence, near the S. coast of Labrador. Lon. 60 W. Lat. 50 20' N. ST. MARY'S KEY, isl. in the gulf of Mexico, near the coast of Florida. Lon. 89 12' W. Lat. 30 ll'N. ST. MARY'S RIVER, or St. Mary's Straits, river, runs from lake Superior to lake Huron. On the river are 2 forts. Lon. 84 24' W. Lat. 46 22' N. It is nearly 70 m. long. ST. MAURICE, r. L. C., flows into the N. side of the St. Lawrence, by three chan nels, which gave name to the town of Three Rivers, on its west bank. ST. MICHAELS, v. Madison co. Miso., on a branch of St. Francis river, about 35 m. SW. from St. Genevieve. ST. MICHAEL'S, v. Talbot co. Md.,has some 15 or 20 houses. ST. MICHAEL'S, v. Washington district, Missouri. ST. OMER, v. Decatur co. In., 4 m. from Indianapolis, and 571 from W. C. ST. PARRIS, a small village, Champaign SAI-SAL 505 co. 0., 11 m. from Urbanna, and 53 from Columbus. ST. PETER'S, r. N. America, which rises a considerable way to the NW. and after a SE. course of 400 or 500 m. joins the Missis sippi about 12 m. below St. Anthony's Falls, Lat. 44 40' N. At its junction with the Mississippi it is about 100 yards broad. It has a great depth of water, and in some places runs very briskly. About 50 m. from iis mouth are some rapids, and much higher up are many others. ST. REGIS, r. N. Y., whir-h runs into the St. Lawrence, at the town of St. Regis, in Canada. Length 80 m. ST. SALVADOR, one of the Bahama Islands. ST. STEPHENS, t. Washington co. Ala., situated at the head of navigation on Tom- bigbee river. It is a pleasant place, con taining an academy, printing-office, and about 1,200 inhabitants, 70 m. N. from Mo bile, and 162 W. of S. from Tuscaloosa. ST. TAMANY, parish, La., bounded by Pearl river E. lake Borgne, the Rigolets, and lake Ponchartrain S. the river St. Hele na W. and the parish of Washington N. Length 50 m~, mean width 20. Chief town, Covington. Pop. 4,598, of whom 1,940 were slaves, and 305 free colored. ST. THOMAS, one of the Virgin Islands, in the West Indies, with a harbor, a town, and a fort, 15 m. in circumference, and be longs to the Danes. Loo. 64 51' W. Lat. 18~21' N. ST. THOMAS, t. Cuba, 30 m. WSW. from Havana. ST. THOMAS, isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the coast of Mexico. Lat. 20 10' N. ST. THOMAS, t. Mexico, in Vera Paz, at the mouth of the river Guanacos, 50 m. E. from Vera Paz. Lon. 90 26' W. Lat 15 46' N. ST. THOMAS, ts. Franklin co. Pa., on the turnpike road leading from Chambers- burg to Bedford, 7 in. W. from the former, 57 from Harrisburg, and 97 from W. C. ST. VINCENT, isl. in the We?t Indies, about 40 m. long and 10 broad, containing about 84,000 acres, or 131 sq. ms. It is rugged and mountainous. Of the 84,000 acres in the island, about 47,000 are culti vated. Sugar is the principal production. SAINTES, three of the Leeward Caribbee islands, in the West Indies, between Guada- loupe and Dominica. SALEM, ts. Franklin co. Me., 52 m. from Augusta, and 28 from Norridgewock. Pop. 561. SALEM, v. Columbiana co. Ohio, 9 m. NNW. from New Lisbon, 64 NW. from Pittsburg, and 150 NE. from Columbus, and contains about 200 inhabitants. SALEM, v. Livingston co. Ken., 245 m. from Frankfort, and 783 from W. C. It is the seat of justice for the county, and con tains a court-house and jail, and several stores. Pop. 233. SALEM, ts. Orleans co. Vt., at the S. end O 2 of lake Memphremagog, 60 m. NNE. from Montpelier. Pop. 299. SALEM, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 35 m. N. from Boston. 35 SW. from Ports mouth, and 36 SSE. from Concord. Here is a woollen manufactory. Pop. 1,408. SALEM, city and cap, of Essex co. Mass., 4! m. NW. from Marblehead, 14 NNE. from Boston, and 24 S. from Newburyport. It is chiefly built on a neck of land form ed by two inlets from the sea, called North and South rivers ; over the former of which is a bridge, upwards of 1,500 feet long, con necting Salem with Beverly, and the latter forms the harbor. The harbor has good an chorage, but the water is so shallow, that vessels drawing more than 12 or 14 feet must be lightened at a distance from the wharves. The situation of Salem is low, but pleasant and healthy. It is well built, and with regard to population, wealth, and commerce, is among the first in N. England. It contains a court-house, a jail, an alms- house, a market-house, 6 banks, an Athenae um containing 6,000 volumes, a valuable Museum, belonging to the East India Ma rine Society, and 11 churches. It has a flourishing commerce, and it was one of the first towns in the United States to enter into the East India trade. Though the town is not very regularly laid out, and has narrow streets, the neat and comfortableistyle of the buildings gives it a very cheerful aspect. It is beautified with many splendid private mansions, and the centre of the town is adorned with a handsome, inclosed common, elegantly planted with shade-trees. Salem is the oldest town in the state, except Ply mouth. The shipping belonging to this port is about 40,000 tons. Its manufactures, amounting annually to $1,000,000, consist of vessels, cordage, leather, boots, shoes, hats, tin, and cabinet-wares, chairs, spirits, white, sheet, and pipe lead, straw -bonnets, carriages, alum, &c. Pop. 15,082. SALEM, v. Albany co. N. Y., 5 m. W, of New Scotland; has some 25 or 30 dwell ings. ^SALEM, v. Chatauque co. N. Y., on Slippery creek, 2 m. from the lake ; has 3 or 4 stores, and 25 or 30 dwellings. SALEM, ts. and v. Washington co. N. Y., 18 m. SE. from Sandy Hill, 29 S. from Whitehall, 46 NE. from Albany. Pop. 2,972. The courts for the county are held alternately here and at Sandy Hill. Here is a handsome village, situated on an extensive plain, containing a court-house, a jail, an academy, several churches, printing-office issuing a weekly paper, a furnace for cast ings, a machine factory, 6 or 8 stores, various mechanics, and is a pleasant and flourishing place. Pop. of ts. 2,855. SALEM, v. Harrison co. Va., 276 m, from Richmond, and 242 from W. C. SALEM, co. N. J., bounded N. by Glou cester co. E. by Cumberland co. SW. and W. by the Delaware. Pop. 16,024. Chief town, Salem. 506 SAL SALEM, v. and cap. Salem co. N. J., on Salem creek, 3 m. from Delaware bay, 37 SSW. from Philadelphia. It contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, an acad emy, a printing-office, which issues a week ly paper, and 4 houses of public worship, for Episcopalians, Baptists, Friends, and Methodists, and about 250 dwellings. It is a pleasant town, and a place of some trade. SALEM, v. Botetourt co. Va., 20 m. SSW. from Fincastle, 190 W. by S. from Richmond ; contains 20 or 30 houses. SALEM, t. Fauquier co. Va., 117 m. from Richmond, and 63 from W. C., con tains some 15 or 20 dwellings. SALEM, t. Stokes co. N. C., watered by a small branch of the Yadkin, 34 m. NE. from Salisbury, 100 W. from Raleigh, 355 from W. C. It is a handsome Moravian town, built of brick, and chiefly on one street, about a mile and a half long, paved and planted with rows of trees on each side. It contains a church, and has manufactures of potters' ware, saddlery, gloves, hosiery, &c. The Moravian Academy for females, at this place, is an excellent and popular institution. Its buildings are 4 in number, each 4 stories high, and of brick. It is lo cated on a handsome square in the centre of the town, planted with trees, and ornament ed with fine gravel-walks. It is attended by young ladies from various parts of the United States. SALEM, v. Franklin co. Ten., 92 m. from Nashville, and 694 from W. C. SALEM, ts. New London co. Ct., 29 m. SE. from Hartford. The inhabitants are farmers. Pop. 811. SALEM, t. and cap. Washington co. In., 24 m. NW. from Jeffersonville, 34 N. from Corydon, 613 from W. C., contains the usual county buildings, and has some trade. SALEM, v. and cap. of Marion co. II., 26 m. from Vandalia, and 777 from W. C., contains the usual county buildings, and 30 or 40 houses. SALEM, v. New Haven co. Ct., in Waterbury, 16 m. NNW. from New Haven. It stands on the E. bank of Naugatiick, or Waterbury river, on the main turnpike road from New Haven to Litchfield. A fine wooden bridge here crosses the Naugatuck. SALEM, v. Sumpter district, S. C., 12 m. E. from Sumpter. SALEM, v. Baldwin co. Geo., on the left bank of Oconee river, nearly opposite Mil- ledgeville, 640 m. from W. C. SALEM, v. Clarke co. Geo., 53 m..N. from Milledseville, 634 from W. C. SALEM CENTRE, v. in the eastern part of Westchester co. N. Y., 50 m. NNE. from the city of New York. SALEM CREEK, Salem co. N. J., rises in the centre of the county, and flowing nearly W. passes Salem, and falls into Dela ware bay, 3a m. below. It is navigable for vessels of 50 tons to Salem. SALINA, ts. and v. Onondaga co. N. Y., 6 1 m. N. from Onondaga, 36 SSE. from Os- wego, 130 W. from Albany. Onondaga lake, and the principal salt-springs and salt works of the state, are in this town. Salt is made here by solar evaporation, as well as by boiling. The vats erected for this purpose cover 500 or 600 acres of ground. The salt made by this process is coarse, and equal in purity to any in the world. The quantity of salt made here annually is about 2,000,000 bushels, giving an annual rev enue to the state of more .than $100,000.. This township contains Liverpool, Syracuse, and Geddes. Salina village contains 3 or 4 churches, 8 or 10 stores, a bank, about 80 salt manufactories, and the great salt-spring 1 which supplies the works at Liverpopl and Syracuse. Pop. of ts. 11,018. SALINE, r. Arkansas, rises about 20 m. NE. from the warm-springs of Ouachitta, and flowing nearly S. fells into the Ouachit ta at N". Lat. 33 40' SALINE, co. Miso., bounded N. by Mis souri river E. by the Missouri river and Cooper co. S. by Pettis and W. by Lafay ette co. Jonesborough is temporarily the seat of justice. Pop. 5,285, of whom 1,615 were slaves. SALINE, v. Washtenaw co. Mich., on the Saline creek, 52 m. a little S. of W. from Detroit. SALINE, r. H., flows into the Ohio 26 m. below the Wabash. It is navigable for boats 30 m. The United States have ex tensive salt-works on this river, 20 m. from its mouth. SALINE, r. NW. part of the state of Lou isiana, which flows S. and unites with Black Lake river, 8 m. NE. from Natchi- toches. There are salt-works on this river, about 25 m. NNE. from Natchitoches. SALINE, r. Miso., which runs into the Ouachitta, Lat. 33 10' N.. SALINE, or Salt r. La., which runs into the Missouri, 173 m. W. of the Mississippi. SALINE, v. at the U. States' Salt-Works, near Saline river, Gallatin co. U., about 12 m. above its mouth, and 115 m. SSW. from Vandalia. SALINES, v. Miso., on W. bank of the Mississippi. 4 m. below St. Genevieve. It is noted for salt-works. SALISBURY, ts. Addison co. Vt., 44 m. SW. Montpelier. Here is a manufactory of glass, and a pleasant and flourishing village. Pop. 942; SALISBURY, ts. Merrimack co. N. H., on W. side of Mferrimack river, 14 m. NNW. from Concord, 38 SE. from Dartmouth Col lege, 59 WNW. from Portsmouth, 77 NNW. from Boston. The 4th N. Hampshire turn pike passes through this town ; and upon this road, in the S. part of the town, there is a pleasant village, containing a Congrega tional meeting-house, and an academy. Pop. 1,392. SALISBURY, ts. Essex co. Mass., on the N. bank of the Merrimack, 4 m. NW. from Newburyport, 36 NNE. from Boston. It contains 2 parishes, and has a pleasant and SAL SAN 507 considerable village, on the N. bank of the Merrimack, below the junction of Powow river. Considerable business is done at this village at ship-building, and it has some trade in the fisheries. It has 2 flannel factories, a lara;e tannery. c. Pop. 2,739- SALISBURY, ts. Litchfield co. Ct., in the NW. corner of the state, 24 m. NVV. from Lilchfield. It is a considerable town, and contains large quantities of excellent iron ere, and has 4 blast furnaces, 5 forges, 2 pud dling establishments, 1 screw shop, 1 anchor shop, 2 scythe manufactories, 1 hoe manu factory, besides several other establishments. Pop. 2,562. SALISBURY, ts. and v. Herkimer co. N. Y., on the St. Lawrence, 76 m. from Alba ny. The village, 14m. from Herkimer, con tains some 20 or 30 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,859. SALISBURY, v. Blooming Grove ts. Or ange co. N. Y., 9 m. SW. from Newburgh, and HE. from Goshen, contains a saw and grist-mill, cotton factory, paper-mill, and 40 or 50 dwellings. SALISBURY, t. and port of entry, Somer set co. Md., between the two principal branches of the Wicomico, 15 m. ESE. from Vienna. It contains an Episcopal church, a Methodist meeting-house, and about 100 houses, and has considerable trade in lumber. SALISBURY, t. and cap. Rowan co. N. C., 5 m. SW. of the Yadkin, 34 SW. from Salem, and 110 WNW. from Fayetteville. It contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an academy, and a church. It is a flourishing town, and situated in a very fertile country. Near this town there has been discovered under ground, a remarkable wall of stone, laid in cement, plastered on both sides, from 12 to 14 feet in height, and 22 inches thick. The length of what has been discovered is about 300 feet. The top of the wall ap proaches within one foot of the surface of the ground. When built, by whom, and for what purpose, is unknown. A similar wall has since been discovered, about 6 m. from the first, from 4 to 5 feet high, and 7 inches thick. Pop. about 800. SALISBURY, pts. Meigs co. , 106 m. SW. from Columbus, and 16 from Gallipolis. Through this town runs Leading creek. SALISBURY, t. Wayne co. In., 4 or 5 m. E. from Centreville, and 35 N. from Brookville. SALMON, r. Ct., which runs into the r. Connecticut, in East Haddam. SALMON, r, N. Y., flows into lake Onta rio, 4 m. N. from Mexico Point. Length 60 or 70 m. There is on this river, about 10 m. from the lake, a tremendous cataract, which has a descent of 110 feet perpen dicular. SALMON CREEK, r. Cayuga co. N. Y., runs into S. end of lake Cayuga ; 19 miles long. SALMON CREEK, r. Franklin co. N. Y., which runs into the St. Lawrence, 7 m. N. from French Mills. SALMON CREEK, stream of St. Law rence co. flows NNW. about 70 miles, en ters L, C. at French Mills, and falls into St. Lawrence river at the head of lake St. Francis. SALMON FALL, local name of that part of Piscataqua river, below Berwick falls. SALT CREEK, r. O., which runs SE. into Scioto, about 15 m. below Chillicothe. Near this river are salt-springs, from which salt is manufactured in large quantities. The salt-works are about 80 m. NW. from Gallipolis- SALTILLO, city of Mexico, in the state of Coahuilla y Texas, on the confines of Coahuilla and New Leon. It is surrounded by arid plains, upon which fresh water is scarce ; the site is an elevated part of the great table-land of Anahuac, sloping towards the gulf of Mexico, and the Rio Grande del Norte. Lat. 25 20' N. Population, 6,600. SALT LICK, v. Greenup co. Ken., 130 m. from Frankfort, and 430 from W. C., contains about 20 dwellings, &c. SALTPETRE CREEK, r. Md., which runs into Gunpowder river, 12 m. ENE. from Baltimore. SALT RIVER, r. La., runs into the Mis sissippi, 60 m. above the Illinois river. SALT RIVER, r. of Miso., entering the Mississippi from the NW. about 100 m. above St. Louis. SALT RIVER, r. Ken., which runs NW. into the Ohio r 20 m. below the Rapids. It is navigable for boats 60 m. SALT SPRING RIVER, r. In., which runs into the Ohio. SALTZBURG, v. Indiana co. Pa., situ ated on the Pennsylvania canal, 10 m. NW. from Blaksville, and 17. SW. from the boro. of Indiana. SALUBRITY, v. Gadsden co. Flor., 106 m. from Tallahassee, and 880 from W. C. SALUDA, r. S. C., which runs SE. and unites with Broad river just above Colum bia, to form the Congaree. SALUTER, r. of La., in Natchitoches and Ouaehitta. The source of this stream is on the line between La. and Arkansas, and it flows into Ouaehitta, 3 m. below the mouth of Barthelony river. SAMPSON, co. N. C., bounded by New Hanover SE. Bladen SW. Cumberland W. Johnson N.. Wayne. NE. and Dauphin E. Length 35 m., mean width 20. It is drained by Black river, branch of Cape Fear river. Clinton, the chief town, is about 55 m. NNW. from Wilmington. Pop. 12,157, of whom 4,425 were slaves, and 257 free colored. SAMPTOWN,v. Middlesex co. N. J., 14 m. WSW. from Elizabethtown, has a Bap tist chureh, and 10 or 12 houses. SAN ANTONIO, city of Mexico, in the state of Oaxaca, 130 m. SE. from the city of Mexico, and about 80 N. from that of Oaxaca. SAN BLAS, city and seaport of Mexico, 508 SAN in the former Guadalaxara, now Jalisco, at the mouth of the river Santiago. SANDBORNTOWN, ts. Carroll co. N. H., 60 m. NW. from Portsmouth, and 20 from Concord. Pop. 2,745. SANDERSVILLE, t. and cap. Washing ton co. Geo., 26 m. E. from Milledgeville, It contains a court-house, a jail, and some 15 or 20 houses. SANDFORD, ts. York co. Me., 22 m. N. from York. It contains a neat aad flourishing village. Pop. 2,233. SANDGATE, ts. Bennington co. Vt., 25 m. N. from Bennington, and 31 from Rut land ; great attention is paid here to the growing of wool. Pop. 776. SANDISFIELD, ts. Berkshire co. Mass., 20 m. SE. from Lenox, 112 WSW. from Boston. A large amount of leather is tanned here. Pop. 1,464. SANDOWN, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 29 m. WSW. from Portsmouth, and 30 SE. vfrom Concord. It is a good farming ts. Pop. 525. SANDTOWN, v. Gloucester co. N. J., 13 m. SSE. from Philadelphia, a small vil lage of some 10 or 12 houses. SANDUSKY, r. Ohio, runs NE. into San- dusky bay, at the town of Sandusky. Length 70 m. This river is navigable, and is con nected with the Great Miami by a portage of 9 m., and with the Scioto by one of 4 m. The river has rapids, below which there is a very valuable fishery. SANDUSKYj co. Ohio, bounded N. by lake Erie, E. by Huron co., S. by Seneca, and W. by Wood co. It is 30 m. long, and 25 broad. Pop. 10,182. Lower Sandusky is the cap. SANDUSKY, city, Huron co. Ohio, on the S. shore of Sandusky bay, 3 m. from its entrance, 25 NE. from Fort Stephenson, about 100 N. from Columbus, and 250 W. from Buffalo. It is handsomely laid out on a beautiful site, and a steam-boat wharf has been erected, which is thronged with steam-boats and other vessels arriving and departing; and the distant horizon upon the lake almost constantly whitened with float ing canvass ; here is also a ship-yard. 'It contains 25 or 30 stores, 4 hotels, a large academy 3 stories high, several churches, about 270 dwellings, &c. &e. SANDUSKY BAY, bay, Ohio, on SW. part of lake Erie, 20 m. long, and 24 broad. SANDWICH, t. and cap. of Essex co. U. C., on Detroit river, 2 m. below Detroit. It as a considerable village, built chiefly on a single long street. SANDWICH, ts. Carroll co. N. H., N. of Squam lake, 50 m. N. from Concord, and 72 NNW. from Portsmouth. In the N. part of this town, there is a mountain near 3,000 feet high. This is a flourishing ts. with various mills. Pop. 2,625. SANDWICH, ts. Barnstable co. Mass., on Barnstable bay, !2m.W. from Barnstable, 54 SSE. from Boston. Here is an acade my. Sandwich river runs through the town into Barnstable bay. Its manufac tures consist of glass, leather, nails, vessels, salt, iron-castings, stoves, &c. Annual amount about 350,000 dollars. It has a good harbor, and about 20 sail of vessels, engaged in the coasting and fisheries. Pop* 3,719. SANDY BAY, or Cove, bay, on the coast of Mass., N. of Cape Ann. Lon. 70 38' W. Lat. 42 41' N. SANDY CREEK, v. Murray ts. Orleans co. N. Y., 9 m. E. from Albion ; contains several mills, and 25 or 30 dwellings. SANDY CREEK, ts. Oswego co. N. Y., 160 m. from Albany, and 5 from Pulaski. Pop. 2,405. SANDY CREEK, r. S. C., runs into the Congaree. Lon. 81 40' W. Lat. 34* 37' N. SANDY FORK, v. Mecklenburg co. Va., 273 m. from W. G..; is a small village of some 10 or 12 houses. SANDY HILL, v. in Kingsbury ts. Wash ington co. N. Y., on the E. side of the Hud son, 50 m. N. from Albany. It is delight fully situated, just above Baker's Falls, and is a regularly laid out, well built, and very flourishing village. It contains a woollen and a cotton-factory, several iron works, and also a manufactory of cotton bagging from hemp. It is the half shire of the coun ty, and contains a court-house and jail, and about 125 dwellings. SANDY HILL, v. Worcester co. Md., 137 m, from Annapolis, and 174 from W-. C. ; has some 12 or 15 dwellings. SANDY HOOK, small isl. on the coast of N. J., in the township of Middleton, 7 m. S. from Long Island, 24 S. from New York. It was formerly a peninsula. Sandy Hook, or Point, forms a capacious harbor. Here is a light-house, on the N. point of the Hook, in Lon. 72 2' W. Lat. 40 26' N. SANDY HOOK, v. Culpeper co. Va. ; a small village of 10 or 12 dwellings. SANDY LAKE, lake of Wisconsin Ter ritory, forming one of the links in the chain Of intercommunication between lake Supe rior and Mississippi river. SANDY LAKE RIVER, r. of Wiscon sin Territory, flows from Sandy lake, and enters the Mississippi river at Lat. 47 N. At its outlet from Sandy lake, the U. S. NW. Company have an establishment. SANDY LICK, r. Pa., runs into the AHe- ghany, about 15 m. below Toby's creek. SANDY MOUNT, v. Greenville t. Va., 77 m. S. from Richmond. SANDY RIVER, Big, rises in the Laurel Mountains, and forms a part of the boundary between Virginia and Kentucky, and runs NNW. into the Ohio, 40 m. above the Scioto. SANDY RIVER, Little, Ken., runs into the Ohio, 20 m. below Big Sandy. SANDY RIVER, r. Me., runs into the Kennebeck, 6 m. above Norridgewock. SANDY SPRING, v, Montgomery co. SAN SAS 509 SANDY SPRING, v. Adams co. Ohio, 110 m. SSW. from Colnmbus. SANDYTOWN, p. Sussex co. N. J., 85 m. N. from Trenton. SANDYVILLE, v. Tascarawas co. Ohio, 1 10 m. NE. from Columbus ; contains some 20 or 25 houses. SANFORD, ts. and v. Broome co. N. Y., 120 m. SW. from Albany. The village contains 12 or 15 dwellings. Population y 1,173. SANFORD, ts. York co. Me., 94 m. SW". from Augusta, and 35 WSW. from Portland; contains a printing and bleaching establish ment. Pop. 2,233. SANGAMOIN, r. II., unites with the Illi nois. It is navigable for boats 150 m. SANGAMOIN, co. II., on Sangamoin river, bounded N. by Tazewell, E. by Macon and Shelby, S. by Montgomery and Macou- pin, and W. by Cass and Morgan cos. Pop. 14,716. Chief town, Springfield. SANGERFIELD, ts. and v. Oneida co. N. Y., 15 m. S. by W. from Utica, and 94 NW. from Albany. It is a considerable town, and contains a printing-office, from which is issued a weekly newspaper. Pop. 2,251. SANGERVILLE, ts. Piscataquis co. Me., 38 m. NW. from Bangor, and 70 NW. from Augusta. Pop. 1,197. SAN1LAC, co. Mich., bounded N. and NW. by Saginaw bay, E. by lake Huron, S. by St. Clair and Lapeer cos. and W. by Saginaw co. Pop. 2,103. Chief town, Sagi naw. SAN PEDRO, v. and cap. Madison co. F. T., 52 m. from Tallahassee, and 950 from W. C., a small village of some 15 or 20 dwellings. SANTA CRUZ, one of the Caribbee isl ands. Lon. 64 35' W. Lat. 17 45' N. SANTA FE, capital of New Mexico, in N. America, seated among mountains, near the Rio del Norte, 950 m. N. of Mexico. Lon. 106 35' W. Lat. 35 32' N. SANTEE, r. S. C., formed by the union of the Congaree and Wateree. It runs into the sea by Wo mouths, N. and S. from San- tee, 20 m. below Georgetown. Lat. 33 12' N. This river affords a navigation at some seasons nearly 300 miles, as high up as Mor- gantown, N. C. It is connected with Cooper river by a canal. The main branch in N. Carolina is called Catawba. SANTIAGO, r. of Mexico, rising about 23 m. NW. from the city of Mexico, on the table-land of Anahuac, flows through the in- tendencies of Mexico, Guanaxuato, Guadal- axara, and Valladolid, and after an entire course of about 370 m. falls into the Pacific Ocean, at the city of San Bias. Santiago is by far the largest stream of Mexico : it is navigable for some distance from its mouth, but the adjacent country is thickly wooded, uncultivated and unhealthy. SARA, creek, La., in New Feliciana, rises in the state of Mississippi, near Woodville, and flowing S. crosses Lat. 31 N. and falls into the Mississippi at St. Francisville, after an entire course of 25 m. SARAH, v. Fountain co. In., 87 m. from Indianapolis, and 660 from W. C., a small but increasing place. SARANAC, v, Ionia co. Mich., 150 m. from Detroit, and 678 from W. C., contains some 15 or 20 dwellings. SARANAC, r. N. Y.*, after a NE. course of 65 m. flows into lake Champlain, at Platts- burs:. SARATOGA, co. N. Y., bounded N. by Warren co. E. by the Hudson, which sepa rates it from Washington and Rensselaer eos. S. by Albany co. SW. by Schenectady co. and W. by Hamilton and Montgomery cos. Pop. 40,553. Chief town, Ballston. SARATOGA, ts. Saratoga co. N. Y., on W. side of the Hudson, 12 m. NE. from Ballston, 31 N. from Albany, 360 from W. C. This town gives name to several celebrated mineral springs, which are spread over a tract of country about 12 m. in extent, in Saratoga county, and are known by different local names. The most noted are those of Saratoga and Ballston, which are the most celebrated mineral waters in the U. States, strongly impregnated with carbonic acid, and contain also carbonate of soda, muriate of soda, super-carbonated lime, and a carbonate of iron. These springs have Jong been a favorite resort during the summer months, not only for invalids, but for people of gaiety and fashion, who flock thither by thousands from every quarter of the Union. Saratoga is memorable as the place where General Burgoyne surrendered the British army to General Gates, Oct. 17th, 1777. Pop. 2,624. SARATOGA SPRINGS, ts. and v. Sara toga co. N. Y., taken from Saratoga, 1819. The village, 61 m. from Ballston Spa, and 36V from Albany, incorporated in 1827, con tains 5 or 6 churches, an academy, a scien tific institute, a printing-office issuing a weekly paper, a reading-room, public library containing several thousand volumes, and an extensive mineralogical cabinet. It is built chiefly on one street, which is very broad, adorned by many large and elegant houses, for the accommodation of visitors, the chief of which are the Congress and the Union Halls at the south end, the Pavilion at the north, and the United States Hotel, centrally situated, besides which there are a great number of similar establishments of less note, well kept. Board may be obtained here from 3 to 10 dollars per week. The village contains about 250 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 3,384. SARDINIA, ts. and v. Erie co. N.Y., 273 m. from Albany, and 30 SE. from Buffa lo. The village, on Cattaraugus creek, con tains several mills, a furnace, &c., and about 60 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,743. SARECTA, v. Duplin co. N. C., 115m. rom Raleigh, has some 12 or 15 dwellings. SASKACHAWAINE, great river of N. America, is formed by two large branches, both rising in the Chippewan mountains, 510 SAS SAV and flowing generally to the E. After a course of 600 m. they unite and flow 200 m. into the NW. bay of lake Winnipeg. The Severn, flowing from the eastern side of lake Winnipeg, is the continuation of the Sas- katchawaine and Assiniboine rivers. SASSAFRAS, r. of Md., rises on the con fines of Del. and flowing W. between Kent and Cecil cos. falls into Chesapeake bay 1 1 miles south from the mouth of the Susque- hannah. SASSAFRAS, v. Kent co. Md., near the head of the Sassafras, 17 m. S. from Elk- ton, has 20 or 30 houses. SATARTIA, v. Yazoo co. Mis., 36 m. N. from Jackson, and 1,070 from W. C., is a small village of some 12 or 15 dwellings. SATAUKET, v. in the township of Brook- haven, on N. side of Long Island, 65 m. E. from New York. It contains an elegant Presbyterian, and an Episcopal church. It is pleasant and healthy, and is the principal harbor for wood-vessels on N. side of the island. SATILLA, Great, r. Georgia, runs ESE. into the sea, N. of Cumberland island. SATILLA, Little, r. Georgia, runs into the sea, N. of the Great Satilla. SAUGATUCK, v. Fairfield co. Ct., on the Sausratuck, 3 m. NE. from Norwalk. SAUGERTIES, ts. Ulster co. N. Y., on the W. bank of the Hudson, 13 m. N. from Kingston, 52 S. from Albany. Population, 6,216. SAUGUS, ts. Essex co. Mass., 2| m. W. from Lynn, 10 SW. from Salem. It manu factures morocco, cigars, snuff, bricks, &c. Pop. 1,098. SAULT DE SAINT MARIE, v. and cap. Chippeway co. Mich. This co. is not de fined, except as a tract of country N. of the Straits of Michillimackinack. The town is 326 m. NW. from Detroit, and contains Fort Brady. Lat. 4631'N. SAUQUOIT, v. Oneida co. N. Y. Paris ts. 9 m. S. from Utica, contains 2 churches, an academy, several cotton factories, several mills, and about 125 dwellings. SAVANNAH, r. U. S., which is formed by the union of the Tugeloo and Keowee. It separates S. Carolina from Georgia, and runs SE. into the Atlantic. It is navigable for large vessels to the town of Savannah 17 m. and for boats of 100 feet keel to Au gusta, which, by the course of the river, is 340 m. above Savannah. Just above Augusta there are falls ; beyond these the river is navigable for boats to the junction of the Tus;eloo and Keowee. SAVANNAH, city and port of entry, Chatham co. Geo., on SW. bank of the Sa vannah r. 17 m. from its mouth, 118 SW. from Charleston, 123 SE. from Augusta, 160 ESE. from Milledgeville. Lon. 81 10' W. Lat. 32 8' N. Its position is a low sandy plain. It was formerly built of wood, and insalubrious from its marshy surface and contiguity to rice swamps. It has suffered severely from fires, but the parts destroyed have been handsomely rebuilt. The rice swamps in the immediate vicinity are no longer inundated, and the health of the city is since much improved. It con tains 12 public buildings, 8 or 10 churches, and 4 banks. The Presbyterian church is an elegant and spacious edifice of stone. The Exchange is a large building, 5 stories high. The Academy is partly of brick and partly of stone, 180 feet front, 60 feet wide, and 3 stories high. There are 10 public squares planted with trees, among which the beautiful China trees are conspicuous. It is a place of very great trade, and has exported over 120,000 bales of cotton, SAVANNAH, AND ITS ENVIRONS. SAV SCH 511 besides large amounts of rice and tobacco, I light-house on Tybee Island. In 1820, in a year. It is defended by 2 forts, and ' 463 buildings were destroyed by fire, valued the entrance to the river indicated by a I at $4,000,000. Pop. 11,214. FORMER BANK OF THE UNITED STATES, AT SAVANNAH. SAVANNAH, name of two small rivers Me., 10 m. SW. from Portland. of the Wis. Territory, one a head branch of the St. Louis, and the other of Sandy lake rivers. The two Savannah rivers approacli so near each other, as to leave only a short portage between them. SAVANNAH, v. and cap. Hardin co. Ten., 112 m. from Nashville, and 800 from W. C., contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and is a place of some trade. SAVANNAHVILLE, v. Macon co. N. C., 320 m. from Raleigh, and 570 from W. C. SAVERTON, v. Rails co. Mo., on the Miss, river, and is the only steam-boat land ing in the county, contains 3 or 4 stores, and is a place of considerable business. It is 170 m. from Jefferson city. SAVINTON, v. Cecil co. Md., 110 m. from W. C. SAVOY, ts. Berkshire co. Mass., 25 m. NE. from Lenox, 120 W. from Boston. Pop. 915. SAW PITT, v. Westchester co. N. Y., on an arm of the sound, 27 m. from N. Y., has 2 churches, 8 or 10 stores, and about 120 dwellings. It employs 6 or 8 sloops in its trade. SAYBROOK, ts. Middlesex co. Ct., on W. side of the Connecticut, near its mouth, opposite Lyme, 17 m. W. from New London, 35 E. from New Haven, and 40 from Hart ford. The ts. is 7 m. long from N. to S. and 6 m. in breadth, divided into 3 parishes, Saybrook, Westbrook, and Essex. Saybrook is in the SE. part, west of this is Westbrook, and north of these two is Essex. There are several small harbors on the sound, and on the Connecticut 5 besides the business in navigation, fishery, ship-building, and quar rying of stone, there are various manufac turing establishments in the different vil lages in the town, the chief of which are augers, gimlets, hammers, steel carriage springs, ivory and iron combs, ink-stands, sand-boxes, &c. &c. Pop. 3,417. SCANTIC, r. Ct., runs into the Con necticut, in East Windsor. SCARBOROUGH, ts. Cumberland co. Popula tion, 2,172. SCARSDALE, ts. Westchester co. N. Y., 24 m. from N. Y. Pop. 255. SCAWS, v. Seneca co. N. Y., on the out let of Seneca lake, 173 m. from Albany, and 335 from W. C., contains several stores, various mechanics, and is a pleasant and flourishing village. SCHATICOKE, ts. Rensselaer co. N. Y., on E. side of the Hudson, 17 m. N. from Albany. Pop. 3,389. SCHENECTADY, co. N. Y., on the Mohawk, bounded NW. by Montgomery co. NE. by Saratoga co. S. by Albany co. and SW. by Schoharie co. Chief town, Schenectady. Pop. 17,387. SCHENECTADY, city and cap. Schenec tady co. N. Y., on the Mohawk, 15 m. NW. from Albany, 391 from W. C. The city is situated on SE. side of the Mohawk, on a handsome plain; it is regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, a jail, 2 banks, a college, an academy for young ladies called the Washington Boarding-School, and 8 houses of public worship for the different prevailing denominations, a paper-mill, a furnace for casting iron, a brass founder)', a carpet and sattinet factory, and about 1,300 dwellings. An elegant bridge, 997 feet in length, is built in this place across the Mohawk. Union College is situated on E. side of the city, on an elevated spot of ground, and commanding a delightful pros pect It was founded in 1795, and is a very respectable and flourishing seminary, with ample endowments. The buildings are 2 elegant brick edifices, each 200 feet in length, and 4 stories high, having each 2 wings extending 156 feet, and two boarding- houses. These buildings contain upwards of 100 rooms for the accommodation of students, rooms for the ' philosophical and chemical apparatus, lecture rooms, &c., and accommodations for the officers of the col lege with their families. The libraries contain about 14,000 volumes. The philo sophical apparatus and the chemical are complete. The number of students ranges 512 SCH SCI from 200 to 250. Commencement is held on the 4th Wednesday in July. There are 3 vacations ; the first from commencement, 7 weeks ; the second from the Wednesday immediately preceding Christmas, 3 weeks ; the third from the first Wednesday in April, 3 weeks. There is connected with the col lege an academy containing about 100 stu dents. Pop. 6,784. SCHODAC, ts. Rensselaer co. N. Y., on the E. side of the Hudson, 9 m. S. from Al bany. It contains the villages of Schodac Centre, Landing and Castleton. At the landing there are some 25 or 30 dwellings. Pop. ofts. 4,125. SCHOENBRUNN or Beautiful Spring, Moravian settlement, Tuscarawas co. Ohio, on the Muskingum, 3 m. below New Phila delphia. SCHOHARIE, co. central part of N. Y., bounded N. by Montgomery co. NE. by Schenectady, E. by Albany co. SE. by Green co. SW. by Delaware co. and W. by Otsego co. Pop. 32,358. Chief town, Schoharie. SCHOHARIE, ts. and v. and cap. of Schoharie co. N. Y., 24 m. S. from Johns town, 32 W. from Albany. It is watered by a river of the same name. Schoharie vil lage is situated on Schoharie flats, and con tains the county buildings, a printing-office, 2 churches, an academy. &.C., and about 130 dwellings. Pop. 5,534.' SCHOHARIE, r. N. Y., runs N. through Schoharie co. into the Mohawk, W. of Flor ida. Length 70 m. The alluvial fiats on this river are from 1 to 2m. wide, and are very fertile. SCHOHARIE KILL, v. in the W. part of Green co. N. Y., 61 m. SVV. from Albany. SCHOODIC LAKES, in Washington co. Me., about 40 m. NNW. from Machias. SCHOOLCRAFT, v. Kalamazoo co, Mich., 166 m. from Detroit, and 615 from W. C. ; it is a flourishing village, contain ing several stores, and 25 or 30 dwellings. SCHOOLEY'S MOUNTAIN, a mountain range and wateririg place in Morris co. N. J. The watering place is in the SW. angle of the co. about 20 m. NE. from Easton in Pa., 50 from N. Y., and 56 from Trenton. It is a delishtful, rural place, and is much resorted to in the hot season. SCHUYLER, ts. Herkimer co. N. Y., on the N. side of the Mohawk river, 6 m. NE. from Utica. Pop. 1,798. SCHUYLER, co. IK, bounded N. by Mc- Donough, NE. by Fulton, SE. by the Illi nois river, S. by Pike, and W. by Adams and Hancock cos. It is watered by the Illinois river, and by Crooked, M'Kee's and Sugar creeks. The middle and northern portions are divided into timber and prairie of an ex cellent quality. Along Crooked creek, is an extensive body of fine timber, also on Sugar creek another body. Rich mines of iron ore are found on Crooked creek. Rush- ville is the capital. Pop. 6,972. SCHUYLKILL HAVEN, v. Sclmylkill co. Pa., 55 m. NE. from Harrisburg, and 5 W. from Orwigsburg. It is a place of con siderable business. SCHUYLER'S LAKE, lake, N. Y., 9 m. lone and 5 broad, 5 m. W. from lake Otsego. SCHUYLERSVILLE, v. Saratoga co. N. Y., 36 m. N. from Albany ; contains a cot ton and woollen-factory, several mills, and about 70 dwellings. SCHUYLKILL, co. Pa., bounded by Berks SE. Dauphin SW. Northumberland and Columbia NW. Luzerne N. and North ampton and Lehigh NE. Length 37 m., mean width 13. Pop. 29,053. Soil, rough, rocky, and sterile. Chief town, Orwigs burg. SCHUYLKILL, r. Pa., rises in Luzerne co. and runs SE. into the Delaware, 6 m. below Philadelphia. It is 140 m. long, and navigable for large merchant-vessels to Philadelphia. SCHWARZBURG, v. Wayne co. Mich., 11 m. from Detroit, and 545 from W. C.; contains several stores, and is a flourishing place. SCHROON, ts. and v. Essex co. N. Y., W. of Ticonderoga. It lies W. of Schroon lake ; the village is 95 m. from Albany, and 30 from Elizabeth, on the north end of Schroon lake, contains a forge, 2 mills, and 15 or 20 dwellings. Population of town ship, 1,660. SCHROON, r. N. Y., the E. branch of the Hudson. It runs from Schroon lake into the Hudson, and has many falls. SCHROON LAKE, N. Y., 12 m. W. of the N. end of lake George. It lies between Hague on the E. and Chester on the W and is about 8 m. long, and 1 broad. SCIO, v. Washtenaw co. Mich., a small but increasing village. SCIOTO, salt-works, near the centre of Jackson co. Ohio, reserved by the U. S., about 28 m. SE. from Chillicothe. SCIOTO, co. Ohio, bounded by the Ohio river S. Adams W. Pike N. Jackson NE. and Lawrence E. Length 30 m., mean width 19. Pop. 11,192. Chief town, Portsmouth. SCIOTO, r. Ohio, rises near the sources of the Sandusky, has a course E. of S., passes by Columbus, Circleville, and Chillicothe, and runs into the Ohio at Portsmouth, 552 m. below Pittsburg. It is navigable for boats 130 m. and is connected with the San- dusky by a portage of 4 m. A large part of the country watered by this river is very fertile. SCIOTO, Little, r. Ohio, flows into the Ohio, 20 m. below the Scioto. SCIPIO, ts. and v. Cayuga co. N. Y., 1 1 m. S. from Auburn, and 180 W. from Alba ny. It lies on the E. side of Cayuga lake, and the township is about 10 m. square, fertile, and well cultivated. Population, 2,255. SCIPIO, v. Franklin co. In., 83 m. SE. from Indianapolis, and 511 from W. C. It contains some 15 or 20 dwellings. SCI SEB 513 SCIPIO, v. Jennings co. In., 53 m. SE. from Indianapolis, and 585 from VV. C. ; a small village of 12 or 15 dwellings. SCITUATE, ts. and s-p. Plymouth co. Ma*s., on a bay of the same name, 17 m. SE. from Boston. It contains 3 houses of public worship, 2 for Congregationalists, and I for Episcopalians. Its manufactures are leather, boots, shoes and tacks. It has a number of vessels employed in the fisheries. Pop. 3,886. SCITUATE, ts. Providence co. R. I., 15 m. WSW. from -Providence. It contains a bank and several cotton manufactories, be sides some of wool. Pop. 4,090. SCOTCH PLAINS, v. Essex co. N. J., II m. VV. from Elizabeth town. SCOTCHTOWN, v. Orange co. N. Y., Wallkill ts. 6 m. N. from Goshen, contains some 15 or 20 dwellings. SCOTLAND NECK, v. Halifax co. N. C. ; a small village of 10 or 12 dwellings. SCOTIA, v. and cap. Pope co. Ark., 80 m. from Little Rock, and 1, 150 from VV. C.; a small village of some 15 or 20 dwellings. SCOTIA, v. Schenectady co. N. Y., 16 m. from Albany, on the Mohawk, opposite Schenectady; contains about 30 dwellings, &c. SCOTLAND SOCIETY, ts. Windham co. Ct., between Windham and Canterbury, 34 m'. a little S. of E. from Hartford. SCOTT, ts. NW. corner Corllandt co. N. Y. extending from the head of Skeneateles lake, 25 m. NE. from Ithaca. Pop. 1,332. SCOTT, co. Va., bounded by Ten. S. Lee co. Va. W. Cumberland mountains or Va. N. Russell co. NE. and Washington SE. Length 40 m., mean width 28. Pop. 7,303. Chief town, Estillville. SCOTT, v. Adams co. Ohio, 107 m. SSW. from Columbus. SCOTT, co. Miso., bounded NW. by cape Girardeau co. NE. and E. by the Mis sissippi river, SW. by New Madrid co. and W. by Stoddard. Benton is the cap. Pop. i 5,974, of whom 938 were slaves. SCOTT, co. Iowa, on the Mississippi river. Rockingham and Davenporte are the chief villages. " Pop. 2,940. SCOTT, co.. Ark., bounded N. by John son and Crawford, E. by Conway, S. by Hot Spring co. and W. by the state line. Chief town, Boonville. Pop. 1,694, of whom 131 were slaves. SCOTT, co. Miss,, bounded N. by Leake, E. by Newton, S. by Smythe, and W. by Rankin. Chief town, Hillsboro. Pop. 1,653, of whom 462 were slaves. SCOTT, co. Ken., bounded by Fayette SE. Woodford SW. FiUnklin W. Owen N. and Harrison NE. Length 14 m., mean width 13. Pop. 13,668," of whom 5,339 were slaves. Chief town, Georgetown. Soil, highly productive. SCOTT, co. In., bounded by Clarke co. SE. Floyd S. Washington W. Jackson NW. Jennings NE. and Jefferson E. Length 20 m., breadth 15. Pop. 4,442. Chief town, P2 New Lexinsrton. It is watered by several branches of White river. SCOTTSBURG, v. Halifax co. Va. ; a small village of some 10 or 15 houses. SCOTTSBOROUGH,v. Baldwin co. Geo., 4 m. from Milledgeville, and 646 from W. C. SCOTTSVILLE, v. Monroe co. N. Y., 12 m. SW. from Rochester, has 4 churches, several mills, and about 140 dwellings. SCOTTSVILLE, v. and cap. Powhatan co. Va., about 30 m. W. from Richmond, and 140 from W. C. ; contains the usual county buildings, and some 15 or 20 houses. SCOTTSVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Allen co. Ken., on a small branch of Big Barren river, 45 m. E. from Russellville, and 160 SW. by S. from Frankfort; con tains a court-house, jail, several stores, and 215 inhabitants. SCRIBA, ts. Oswego co. N. Y., at the mouth of the Oswego, 165 m. WNW. from Albany, 5 from Oswego. Pop. 4,051. SCRIVEN, co. Geo., between Savannah and Ogeechee rivers, bounded by Effingham co. SE. Ogeechee river or Bullock and Emanuel cos. SW. Burke NW. and Savan nah river NE. Length 34 m., mean width 22. Pop. 4,794, of whom 2,623 were slaves. Chief town, Jacksonborough. SCUFFLETOWN, Gloucester co. Va., 82 m. from Richmond, and 170 from W. C, SCUFFLETOWN, v. Laurens district, S. C., 87 m. -from Columbia, and 890 from W. C., contains 6 or 8 dwellings. SCUFFLETOWN, v. Abbeville district, S. C., 100 m. from Columbia, and 548 from W. C., contains 6 or 8 dwellings. SCULLTOWN, v. Salem co. N. J., 10 m. NE. from Salem, contains 25 or 30 dwell ings. SEABROOK, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 7 m. N. from Newburyport, 17 SSW. from Portsmouth. Pop. 1,392. SEAFORD, v. Sussex co. Del., 55 m. S. from Dover, and 107 from W. C. SEAKONNET ROCKS, rocks on the coast of R. I., on E. side of the entrance of Narraganset bay, 6 m. ESE. from Newport. SEAL ISLANDS, cluster of small islands, in the Atlantic, near the coast of Me. Lon. 67 46' W. Lat. 44 45' N. SEARSBURG, v. Crawford ts. Orange co. N. Y., 11 m. from Goshen, contains some 15 or 20 dwellings. SEARSBURG, ts. Bennington co. Vt., 12 m. E. from Bennington, situate on the mountains, has 40 inhabitants, and 41 sheep ! SEARSMONT, ts. Waldo co.Me., 93 m. NE. from Portland, 30 E. from Augusta. Pop. 1,374. SEARSVILLE, v. in the SE. part of Chatauque co. N. Y. SEBAGO, or Sebasticook, lake of Cum berland co. Me., out of the E. part of which flows Presumscut river. SEBAGO, ts. Cumberland co. Me., 66 514- SEE SEV m. SW. from Augusta, and 30 NW. from Portland, it has a good soil. Population, 707. SEBASTICOOK, r. Me., rises near the Piscataquis, and flows into the Kennebeck on E. sLJe, at Winslow. It passes through a lar;e pond in Harmony, and receives a considerable eastern branch in Palmyra. Its whole length is 70 or 80 m. Great numbers of herrings are caught in it. SEBEC, t. Piscataquis co. Me., 82 m. NNW. from Castine, and 9 from- Dover. Pop. 1,116. SEBEC, lake and river, Maine. Sebec Jake lies partly in Somerset co. and partly in Penobscot, drawing its remote confluents from the environs of Moose Head lake. The outlet, retaining the same name, unites with the Piscataquis. SEDGWICK, s-p, Hancock co. Me., on K. side of Penobscot bay, 6 m. SE. from Castine, 260 NE. from Boston. It has good harbors, and has a number of vessels em ployed in the coasting trade and fisheries. Pop. 1,922. SEEKONK, ts. Bristol co. Mass., on E. side of Pawtucket or Seekonk river, opposite North Providence, 19 m. WSW. from Taun- ton, 38 SSW. from Boston. That part of Pawtucket village which belongs -to Massa chusetts is in this town. Here is a bank. Pop. 1,196. SEELYSBURG, v. Cattaraugus co. N. Y., 308 m. from Albany, and 13 SW. from .KHicottville, contains 8 or 10 dwellings. SEGERSVILLE, v. Lehigh co. Pa., 18 m. NW. from Northampton, contains 20 or 30 houses. SEGOVIA, New, town in Guatemala, seat ed on the river Yare, on the confines of the province of Honduras. Lon. 84 20' W. Lat. 13 25' N. SEGUIN, island on the coast of Maine, about 3 m. from the mouth of Kennebeck r., 4 in. E. from Cape Small Point. Lon. 69 42' W, Lat.4341'N. There is a light- bouse on this island. SELAM, town in Mexico, situated near the sea-coast. Lon. 90 28' W. Lat. 39 12' N. SELANO, v. Duval co. Flor., 270 m. E. of Tallahassee, and 826 from W. C., con tains 6 or 8 dwellings. SELBYSPORT, v. Alleghany co. Md., 38 m. W. from Cumberland, 205 from Annapo lis, and 172 from W. C. SELIN'S GROVE, v. Union co. Pa., on the Susquehannah river, 50 m. from Harris- burg, and 160 from W. C., contains some 20 or 30 houses. SELLERSVILLE, v. Bucks co. Pa., in Rockhill ts., 35 m. NNW. from Philadel phia, and 90 from Harrisburg, on the Phila delphia and Easton turnpike, contains 15 or 20 dwellings. SELMA, v. Dallas co. Ala., 43 m. from fJahawba, 86 from Tuscaloosa, and 876 from W. C. SELSER TOWN, Adams co. Mississippi, about 15 m. NE. from Natchez, and 100 from .lackson, contains 10 or 15 houses. SEMPRONIUS, ts. and v. Cayuga co. N. Y., 14 m. SE. from Auburn, and 160 W, from Albany. It lies W. of Skeneateles lake, and E. of Owasco lake, and is a very valuable township. The village contains 10 or 12 dwellings. Pop. 1,304. SENECA, t*. Ontario co. N. Y., on W, side of Seneca lake, 12 m. E, from Canan- daigua, and 192 W. from Albany. This is a very valuable township, and contains the flourishing villages of Geneva and Castleton. Pop. 7,073. SENECA, r. N. Y., flows from Seneca lake NE. into the Oswego, in Cicero. Its whole course is about 60 m. It affords con siderable facilities for boat navigation, and furnishes valuable mill-seats. SENECA, co. N. Y., bounded N. by Cay uga co. E. by Cayuga co. and lake, S. by Tompkins co. and W, by Seneca lake and co. Pop. 24,874. Chief towns, Waterloo and Ovid. SENECA, co. 0., bounded N. by Sandus- ky, Huron E. Crawford S. and W. by Han cock and Wood. Length 30 m., breadth 18. Sandusky river flows across* this county from N. toS. Chief town, Tiffin. Pop. 18,128. SENECA CREEK, r. Md., runs into the Potomac, 21 m. W. from W.C. SENECA FALLS, ts. and v. Seneca co. N. Y., on the outlet of Seneca lake, 10 m, below Geneva, 4 m. below Waterloo, and 2 m. W. from Cayuga bridge. The village contains 5 churches, a large and flourishing academy, a printing-office, issuing a weekly paper, 7 or 8 large flour-mills, 6 saw-mills, 4 or 5 plaster-mills,, 2 oil-mills, a clock factory, dying and bleaching works, furnace, paper- mills, &c. &c., and about 500 houses. Pop. of ts. 4,281. SENECA LAKE, N. Y., from 6 to 15 m, W. from Cayuga lake. It is 35 m. long, and from 2 to 4 broad. There is, on the bank of this lake, a quarry of marble, beautifully variegated, of an excellent quality, and proof against fire. SENECAVILLE, v. Guernsey co. 0., -59 m. E. from Columbus. SENNET, ts. and v. Cayuga co. N. Y., 160 m. from Albany, and 5 NE. from Au burn. The village, on the road from Weeds- port to Auburn, contains about 40 dwellings. Pop. 2,060. . SEQQATCHEE, r. Ten., rises in Bledsoe co., runs SW. passing through the western part of the Cherokee country, and flows into the Tennessee. SEVERN, r. Md., runs by Annapolis into the -Chesapeake, 2 m. below the town. SEVERN, r. Va., runs into Chesapeake bay, Lat. 37 23' N. SEVIER, co. Ten., bounded by Dusky Mountain or North Carolina SE. Monroe S. Blount W. Knox NW. Jefferson NE. and Cocke E. Length 33 m., mean width 20. Chief town, Sevierville. Pop. 6,442. SEVIER, co. Ark., situated SW. from SEVSHE 515 Little Rock; boundaries uncertain. Para- I clifta is the cap. Pop. 2,810. SEVIERVILLE, t. and cap. Sevier co. Ten., on a branch of the French Broad, | about 30 rn. SE. from Knoxville, 500 from ' W. C., contains the county buildings and has some trade. SEWEE BAY, hay of the Atlantic, on the coast of S. Carolina. Lat. 32 58' N. SEWICKLY, r. Pa., runs W. into the Youghiogeny, 9 m. above the Monongahela. SEXTON'S RIVER, r. Vt., rises in Graf- ton, and runs into the Connecticut, 2 m. S. from Bellows Falls. SHACKLEFORD, v. King and Quocn co. Va. SHADE, r. Ohio, flows into the Ohio, 10 m. below the Hockhocking. SHADE MOUNTAIN, rat. Pa., NE. of Lewistown. SHADY DALE, v. Jasper co. Geo., 43 m. from M illedgeville, and 665 from W. C. A small village of 10 or 12 houses. SHADY GROVE, v. Franklin co. Va., 228 m. SW. by VV. from Richmond. SHAFFERSTOWN, v. in the NE. part of Lebanon co. Pa., 9 m. E. from Lebanon, end 32 E. from Harrisbnrg. SHAFTSBURY, ts. Bcnnington co. Vt.,7 m. N. from Bennington. It is a considerable and flourishing town, and contains an acad emy, and a number of manufacturing estab lishments. A quarry of good marble is found in this town, and beds of iron ore. Pop. 1,885. SHAKERS, v. Columbia co. N. Y. See New Lebanon. SHAKERSTOWN, t. Mercer co. Ken., 23 in. from Frankfort, and 558 from W. C. A. small village of 15 or 20 houses. SHAKERSTOWN, t. Knox co. In., a lit tle east of the Wabash, about 15 in. N. from Vincennes; contains 25 or 30 houses. SHAMOKIN, r. Pa., runs into the Sus- quehannah, a little below Suribury. SHANDAKEN, ts. Ulster co. N. Y.,20 m. Vfc from Kingston, surface mountainous. Pop. 1,455. SHANESVILLE,v. Mercer co. Ohio, 122 m. NW. from Columbus ; contains some 15 or 20 dwellings. SHANESVILLE, v. Tuscarawasco. Ohio, on Sugar creek, 90 m. -easterly from Colum bus; contains 10 or 15 dwellings. SHAPLEIGH, ts. York co. Me., on the Piscataqua, 35 m. NW. York, 108 NNE. from Boston, It contains iron works and other manufactures. Pop. 1,510.- SHAIIEMAN'S CREEK, r. Pa., runs E. into the Susquehannah, a little below the Juniatta. SHARKTOWN, v. Queen Ann co. Md., 14 m. from Annapolis, and 50 from W. C., a small village of 10 or 12 dwellings. SHARON, ts. Hillsborough co. N. H., 18 m. WSW. from Amherst, 48 SW. from Con cord. Pop. 251. SHARON, ts. Windsor co. Vt., 22 m. N. from Windsor. Here are mills for the manu facture of woollen goods, paper, &c. Has a handsome village. Pop. 1,371. SHARON, ts. "Norfolk co. Mass., 17 in. SSW. from Boston. Its manufactures are 1 woollen and 2 cotton mills, axes, bedsteads, straw-bonnets, wool-cards, machinery, join ers' jjuages, &c. Pop. 1,076. SHARON, ts. Litchfield co. Ct., 15 m. WNW. from Litchfield. Here is an acade my. Pop. 2,407. SHARON, ts. and v. Schoharie co. N. Y., 10 m. W. from Schoharie, 40 NW. from Al bany. SHARON, v. Morgan co. O., 21 m. NE. from McConnelsville, has an oil-mill, pot tery, and 10 or 15 dwellings. SHARON, v. Hamilton~co. Ohio, in Syc amore ts. 97 m. SW. from Columbus; con tains 12 or 15 houses. SHARPS, isl. Dorchester co. Md., in the Chesapeake. SHARPSBURG, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, a small village of 6 or 8 houses. SHARPSBURG, t. Washington co. Md., about 2 m. from the Potomac, nearly oppo site Shepherdstown, 14 m. SE. from Eliza- bethtown ; contains several stores, and is a place of some considerable business. SHARPSBURG, v. 'Bath co. Ken., 59 m. E. from Frankfort, and 500 from W. C., contains 15 or 20 dwellings. SHARPTOWN, v. Salem co. N. J., 8 m. NE. Salenr; contains 40 or 50 dwellings. SHAWANGUNK, ts. Ulster co. N~ Y., 17 m. NW. from Newbursh. Has 2 wool len factories, &c. fcc. Pop. 3,886. SHAWNEETOWN, v. Luzerne co. Pa., 110 m. from Harrisbure, and 118 from W. C., on the west bank of the Susquehannah river, 4 or 5 m. below Wilkesbarre, contains some 15 or 20 dwellings. SHAWNEETOWN, t. Gallatin co. II., on the Ohio, 9 m. below the mouth of the Wabash. It contains a bank, a land-office, and a printing-office, from which is issuea a weekly newspaper. This place has con siderable trade in salt. The U. S. Saline, in the forks of Saline river, is 12m. from the town. This town is subject to annual inundation, contains 10 or 15 stores, and about 1,000 inhabitants. SHAWSHEEN, r. Mass., runs NE. into the Merrimack, in N. part of Andover. SHEBOYAGAN, co. Wisconsin, on lake Michigan, next south of Manitouwoc co. Chief town, Sheboyasran. Pop. 133. SHEEPSCOT, r. Lincoln co. Me., runs into the Atlantic, on E. side of Wiscasset, forming a bay at its mouth. SHEFFIELD, ts. Caledonia co. Vt., 16 m. N. from Danville, 35 NE. from Mont- pelier. Pop. 821. SHEFFIELD, ts. Berkshire co. Mass., 20 m. S. from Lenox, 30 SE. from Hudson, 140 WSW. from Boston. It is watered by the Housatonic, which affords good seats for mills. South mountain extends the whole length of the town, on E. side of the river. Pop. 2,332. 516 SHE SHEFFIELD, v. Lorain co. Ohio, 155 m. NNE. from Columbus, 6 m. from Elyria, has a literary institution for the education of both sexes, on the manual labor plan. SHEFFERSTOWN, v. Lebanon co. Pa.; 32 m. E. from Harrisburg, and 130 from W. C., contains 20 or 25 dwellings. SHELBURNE, t. in the British province of New Brunswick, at Port Roseway, ex tends 2 m. on the water-side, and 1 m. back, with wide streets crossing each other at right angles. The harbor is deep, capa cious, and secure. SHELBURNE, ts. Chittenden co. Vt., on lake Champlain,7 m. S. from Burlington. Pop. 1,098. SHELBURNE, ts. Coos co. N. H., on the Androscogsin, 22 m. ESE. from Lan caster. Pop. 350. SHELBURNE, ts. Franklin co. Mass., 4 m. W. from Greenfield, 100 m. W. from Boston ; manufactures consist of woollen goods, leather, boots, shoes, hats, &c. Pop. 1,022. SHELBY, v. M'Comb co. Mich., 38 m. from Detroit. SHELBY, ts. and v. Orleans co. N. Y., adjoining Niagara co. N. from the Tonne- wanta reservation, and S. from the Erie canal ; the village, 13 m. SE. of Albion, contains several mills, and 15 or 20 dwell ings ; .at the basin in Erie canal are 10 or 15 houses. Pop. 2,643. SHELBY, co. Ken., bounded by Salt river or Nelson co. S. Bullitt SW. Jefferson W. Henry N. and Franklin E. and SE. Length 26 m., mean width 20. .Chief town, Shelby- ville. Pop. 17,768, of whom 6,355 were slaves. SHELBY, co. in the western part of Ohio, bounded N. by Allen, E. by Logan, S. by Miami, and W. by Darke. It is about 20 miles square. It is watered by the Great Miami river and Loramie's creek, beside several of their tributaries. Pop. 12,154. Chief town, Sydney. SHELBY, SW. co. Ten., bounded by the state of Mississippi S. Mississippi river W. and Madison co. in Ten. N. and E. Length 34 m., width 30. Pop. 14,721, of whom 7,043 were slaves. Chief town, Mem phis. SHELBY, co. Ala., bounded by Coosa river E. Bibb co. S. Tuscaloosa SW. Jefier- son NW. and St. Clair N. Length 40 m., width 36. Chief town, Shelbyvillc. Pop. 6,112. SHELBY, co. In., bounded by Bartholo mew S. Johnson W. Marion NW. Madison N. Rush E. and Decatur SE. Length 24 m., breadth 18. Pop. 12,005. Chief town, Shelbyville. SHELBY, co. Miso., bounded N. and W. by lands not laid out, E. by Marion, and S. - by Monroe. It is intersected from NW. to SE. by Salt river. The soil is generally good, but there is more prairie than limber. Shelbyville is the seat of justice. Pop. 3,056, of whom 458 were slaves. SHELBYVILLE, t. and cap. Shelby co. Ken., on Brashan's creek, 12 m. above its' junction with Salt river, 22 m. WSW. from Frankfort, and 572 from W. C. It contains court-house, a bank, a printing-office, find a rneeting-house. Pop. 1,335. SHELBYVILLE, t. and cap. Bedford co. Ten., on Duck river, 50 m. SSE. from Nash ville, and 692 from W. C. It is a flourish ing town, and contains a court-house, a bank, a printing-office, and several stores. SHELBYVILLE, t. and cap. Shelby co. Ala., 73 m. a little N. of E.. from Tusca loosa j has a court-house, jail, and some 15 or 20 dwellings. SHELBYVILLE, t. and cap. Shelby co. In., 30 m. SE. from Indianapolis j contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and is a pleasant and flourishing villase. SHELBYVILLE, ts. and cap. Shelby co. II., situated on Kaskaskia river, 40 m. above and NNE. from Vandalia; contains 6 or 8 stores, a brick court-house with a cupola, and from 50 to 60 families. There is a large sulphur spring in the village. SHELDON, ts. Franklin co/Vt,, on the Michiscoui, 16 m. E. from lake Champlain. Here are several forges, and a furnace for casting hollow ware. The village is a thriving place both in its manufactures and trade. Pop. 1,734. SHELDON, ts. and v. Genesee co. N. Y. y 20 m. SW. from Batavia, 270 W. from Al bany. The village contains 20 or 25 dwell ings. SHELLDRAKE, r. Michigan, runs into lake Superior, 24 m. W. from point Iroquois- SHELLSBURG, v. Bedford co. Pa., situ ated on the turnpike road leading from Bed ford to Greensburg, 8 m. NW. from the lat ter, and 113 W. from Harrisburg; contains some 15 or 20 dwellings, &c. SHELTER ISLAND, isl. near the E. end of Long Island, 100 m. E. from N. Y. It is 7 in. long, and 5 broad. This island and Great Hog-Neck island constitute a town. SHENANDOAH, co. Va., bounded N. %y Frederick co. SE. by Culpeper and Madison cos. SW. by Rockingham co. and W. by Hardy co. Chief town, Woodstock. Pop. 11,618, of whom 1,033 were slaves, and 265 free colored. SHENANDOAH, r. Va., rises in Augus ta co. and after a course of about 200 m. joins the Potomac in Lat. 38 4' N. just before the latter bursts through the Blue Ridge. See Harper's 'Ferry. It waters a fertile country, and is navigable for boats 100 m. SHENANDOAH FORK, v. Shenandoah co. Va. SHENEVAS CREEK, r. N. Y., in Otsego co. It runs SW. 25 m. and joins the Sus- quehannah. SHENLEY, t. Buckingham co. L. C., on Chnudiere river, 54 m. S. from Quebec. SHEPAUG, r. Ct., runs S. into the Quine- bausr, in W. part of Southbury. SHEPHERD'S CREEK, r. La., runs into the Missouri, 83 m. W. from the Mississippi. SHE SID 517 SHEPHERDSTOWN, v. Belmont co. <)., 4 m. N. from St. Clairsville. SHEPHERDSTOWN, t. Jefferson co. Va., on the Potomac, 10 m. E. by S. from Mar- tinsburg. Pop. 1,200, principally Germans and their descendants. .SHEPHERDSVILLE, t. and cap. Bullitt co. Ken., on Salt river, 14 m. from its junc tion with the Ohio, 20 m. S. from Louisville, and 70 W. from Lexington ; contains the usual county buildings and sonre stores. Pop. 300. SHERBURNE, ts. Rutland co. Vt., 13 m. E. from Rutland, and 22 NW. from Wind sor. It is too elevated for cultivation. Pop. 498. SHERBURNE, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 22 m, SW. from Boston, and 15 S. from Concord. It has some manufactures of leather, snoes. straw-bonnets. &c. Pop. 2,193. SHERBURNE, ts. and v. Chenango co. N. Y., 1 1 m. N. from Norwich, and 98 W. from Albany. It is watered by the Chenan go, and is a valuable township. The village, situated on the canal and turnpike, is a flourishing place, and contains a printing- office, valuable mills, some manufactures, 8 or 10 stores, and about 120 houses. Pop. of ts. 2,791. SHERBURNE, v. Beaufort district, S. C., 214 m. from Columbia. SHERIDAN, ts. Chatauque co. N. Y., 340 m. from Albany, and 20 NE. from Mays- ville. Pop. 1,883. SHERMAN, ts. Fairfield co. Ct., 43 m. NW. from New Haven, and 60 SW. from Hartford. It -has a good soil, and iron ore is found here. Pop. 938. SHESHEQUIN, v. Bradford co. Pa. SHETUCKET, r. Ct., joins the Yanticat Norwich, to form the Thames. SHIELDSBOROUGH, L Hancock eo. Miss., on the bay of St. Louis, 39 m. by land ENE. from New Orleans, 60 by water. It has a very pleasant and healthy situation, -elevated from 20 to 40 feet above tide-water, contains about 600 inhabitants, and is a place of considerable resort from New Or leans, during the sickly season. The bay >is navigable to the town for vessels drawing 7 -feet. SHIELDS' RIVER, r. N. America, runs ?into the Missouri 7 miles below the Great Falls. SHILOH, v. in the southern part of Ma- rengo co. Ala., 97 m. S. of Tuscaloosa. SHINERSVILLE, v. Lycoming co. Pa., *on the Berwick turnpike, 35 m. NE. from Williamsport, contains 10 or 12 dwellings. SHINNTOWN, v. Harrison co. Va., on ; the W. fork of Monongahela, at the mouth of Simson's creek, 8 m.~NNE. from Clarks- bunr, and 235 a little N. of W. from W. C. SHIPPENSBURG, t. Cumberland co. Pa., 20 m. N. by E. from Chambersburg, 20 SW. from Carlisle, and 140 W. from Philadel phia. It is a considerable town, situated on a branch of the Conedogwinet creek, and contains a market-house, and several houses of public worship, for Presbyterians, Dutch Reformed, and Methodists, several stores, an academy, and various mechanic shops. It is on (he rail-road from Harrisburg to Cham bersburg, near the W. extremity of the county. SHIPPINGPORT, v. Jefferson co. Ken., on the Ohio, 2 m. below Louisville. Here are a ship-yard, rope-walk, and a flour-miD. Pop. about 800. SHIRLEY, Piscataquis co. Me., 76 m.N. by E. from Augusta ; watered by the Pis cataquis r. Pop. 190. SHIRLEY, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 6 m. WSW. from Boston. Here are cotton manu factories, and manufactures of leather, boots, shoes, paper, palm-leaf hats, &c. Pop. 957. SHIRLEYSBURG, v. Huntingdon co. Pa., 78 m. from Harrisburg, 128 from W. C., and 6 or 8 m. S. of the^Pennsylvania canal,* contains some 15 or 20 houses. SHOAL CREEK, r. II., has a course S. by W. of about 70 miles, and joins the Kas- kaskia, in Lat. 38 27' N. It is a fine and rapid stream, and navigable for boats about 30 miles. SHOCCOE SPRINGS, in Warren co. N. C., 8 m. S. from Warrenton. These mineral waters are much resorted to. Here is an academy. SHOREHAM, ts. Addison. co. Vt., on lake Champlain, 49 m. S. from Burlington. Here is an academy. It is one of the best farming townships in the state. Pop. 1,674 SHREWSBURY, ts. Rutland co. Vt., 22 m. W. from Windsor. This is a mountain ous ts. Pop. 1,218. SHREWSBURY, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 6 m. ENE. from Worcester, 38 W. from Boston. It is a pleasant township, and has manufactures of clothing, guns, hats, straw- bonnets, leather, boots, shoes, &c. Annual amount, about $200,000. Pop. 1,481. SHREWSBURY, ts.Monmouth co. N. J., 11 m. E. from Freehold, 47 NE. from Tren ton, and 77 NE. from Philadelphia. This is a neatly built and pleasantly situated town, has several fine churches, and is a place of considerable resort for company from Phila delphia and New York, during the warm season. SHREWSBURY, v.Kenhawa co.Va.,306 m. NW, by W. from Richmond. SHREWSBURY, r. N. J., runs into the Atlantic, Lon. 74 2' W. Lat. 40 22' N. SHREWSBURY, v. Monmouth co. N. J., 1 2 m. E. from Freehold, 50 SE. from Trenton, contains some 18 or 20 dwellings. SHUTESBURY, ts. Franklin co. Mass., 16 m. SE. from Greenfield, 80 W. from Bos ton. Here is a well in which a fountain of medicinal water was opened by a/i earth quake, ia July, 1815, the waters of which are found beneficial in many cutaneous diseases. On Swift river are 3 shingle mills, and a wheel factory. Pop. 987. SIDELING CREEK, r. Md., flows on the 518 SID SMA E. side of Sideling mountain, and runs into the Potomac. SIDNEY, ts. Kennebeck co. Me., on the Kennebeck, opposite Vassalborough, 8 m. N. from Augusta, 178 NNE. from Boston. Pop. 2,190. SIDNEY, v; Delaware co. N. Y., on the Susquehannah, 25 m. W, from Delhi. Pop. 1,702. SIDNEY, ts. and cap. Shelby co. O., sit uated on the Great Miami river, 86 m. NW. by W. from Columbus, and 12 m. N. from Pigua, contains the county buildings, 10 or 12 stores, several .public houses, and 70 or 80 dwellings. SILVER LAKE, Genesee co. N. Y., 267 m. a little N. of W. from Albany. It is partly in Perry and part in Castile ts. 3 in. long and one broad. SILVER GLADE, v. Anderson district, . C., 148 m. NW. from Columbia. SIMMON'S ISLAND, small island on the coast of S. Carolina. Lon. 80 10' W. Lat. 32 38' N. SIMPSON, co. Ken., bounded by Ten, S. Logan co. in Ken. W. and NW. Warren N. and Allen E. Length 25 m., mean width 16. Chief town, Franklin. Pop. 6,537, of whom 1,493 were slaves. SIMPSON, co. . Miss., bounded N. by Rankin co. E. by Smith, SE. by Covington, S. by Lawrence cos. and W. by Pearl river, which separates it from Cupiah co. West- ville is the cap. Pop. 3,383, o. whom 907 were slaves. SIMPSONSVILLE, v. Shelby co. Ken., 34 m. from Frankfort, contains 12 or 15 dwellings. SIMPSONVILLE, v. Montgomery co, Md., 8 m. from W. C. SIMSBURY, ts. Hartford co. Ct., 1 1 m. NW. from Hartford. At this place about 130,000 yards of carpet are manufactured annually. Pop. 1,895. SING-SING, v. and landing in Mount Pleasant ts. N. Y., on the Hudson, 36 m. from New York ; the village is beautifully situated, and contains 4 or 5 fine churches, an academy for males and one for females, several mills and stores, and about 225 dwellings, many of which are very elegant. The eastern penitentiary is on the bank of the river near the village. SINKING SPRING, v. Highland co. Ohio, 23 m. SE. from Chillicothe, a small village of 12 or 15 houses. SINKING SPRING, v. Berks co. Pa., 4 m. W. from Reading ; has a store and 8 or 10 dwellinss. SIR JAMES LANCASTER'S SOUND, opens from Baffin's Bay, Lat. 74 47' N. and immediately W. from the meridian of W. C. This great inlet was explored by Captain Parry, of the British navy, who en tered it fn 1820, and wintered 1820-21, as far as 1 1 1 W. from London, and decided the geography of these regions to 117 W. This very important voyage has shown the sepa ration of Greenland from N. America, up wards of 200 m. NW. from Cape Farewell, and has placed beyond a doubt the existence of a Polar continent, or Archipelago, de tached from, or but very slightly united to, North America or Asia. SKANANDOA, v. Verona ts, Oneida co. N. Y., 13 m. SW. from Rome, and 22 from Utica ; contains a cotton-factory, several mills, and about 25 or 30 dwellings. SKENEATELES, ts. and v. Onondaga co. N. Y., 7 m. E. from Auburn, and 145- W. from Albany. It is most delightfully situated around the W. end of Skeneateles lake, and is a large, handsome, and flourish- ins: village, containing 4 or 5 churches, an- academy, 5 or 6 grist-mills, making about 40,000 barrels of flour annually, several saw mills, 2 woollen-factories, 2 furnaces, 2 ma chine-factories, various mechanic shops, and' about 300 houses. Pop. of Is. 3,&81. SKENEATELES, lake, in the W. part of Onondasra co. N. Y. y 15 m. long, and to li broad. Skeneateles creek flows from the N. end to Seneca river,, about 10 miles, and affords many fine mill-seats. SKOWHEGAN, ts. Somerset co. Me., 53 m. N. from Augusta. It is the site of a num ber of mills, and mart of an extensive trade. Pop. 1,584. SKUPPERNONG, r. N. C., communi cates by means of a canal with the lake in Dismal Swamp. SLABTOWN, v. Burlington eo. N. J., 7 m. E. from Burlington ;*a small hamlet of 10 or 12 houses. SLATE RIVER, r. Va., runs into Jamec river, Lat. 37 40' N. SLATERSVILLE, v. Tompkins co. N, Y., 210 m. W. from Albany, and 8 from. Ithaca ; has 2 churches and some 50 or 60 dwellings. SLAVE LAKE, large lake of British N. America, between Lat. 60 30' and 62 30' N. It extends nearly E. and W. 350 m. with a mean width of about 40, between Lon. 33 and 42 W. from W. C. The Un- jieah river enters its SE. and leaves it at its NW. extremity.- SLIPPERY ROCK, r. Pa., on the SE, branch of Beaver, rises in Butler, Venango, and Mercer cos. by a number of creeks, which unite in Beaver and fall into Big Beaver river, 12 m. N. from the borough of Beaver. SLOANSVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N. Y.,. 48 m. westerly from Albany, 7 m. N. of Schoharie, 4 N. from Esperance; contains several mills and some 40 or 50 dwellings. SLOANSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C., 155 m. SW, from Raleigh. SLOTE, v. and landing, Rockland co. N. Y., on the Hudson river, 25 m. above N. Y. ; contains about 45 dwellings. SLOKUM'S ISLAND, one of the Eliza beth Islands, in Buzzard's bay, Mass. SMALLSBURG, v. Lawrence co. II., on the Embarras creek, a few miles below Lawrenceville ; contains several mills, and 15 or 20 houses- \ SME SNO 519 SMETHPORT, t. and cap. M'Kenn co. Pa., 45 m. E. from Warren, 273 from W. C., and 200 from Harrisburg ; contains a court-house, jail, printins-offic; 1 , several stores, and has considerable trade. ' SMITH, co. Ten., bounded by Kentucky N. Jackson co. E. White and Warren SE. Williamson SVV. and Sumner W. Length 36 m., mean width 15. Chief town, Car thage. Pop. 26,179, of whom. 4,388 were slaves, and 164 free colored. SMITHBOROUGH, v. Tioga ts. Tioga co. N. Y., 10 m. SW. from OWego, on the iSusquehannah river, and 22 from Elmira ; has 3 churches and about 40 dwellings. SMITHDALE, v. A mite co. Miss., about 30 m. SE. by E. from Natchez. SMITHFIELD, v. Fayette co. Pa., 8 m. SW. from Uniontown^ and 170 SW. from Harrisbure. , SMITHFIELD, v. Philadelphia co. Pa., 14 m. N. from the city of Philadelphia. SMITHFIELD, v. Somerset co. Pa., 164 m.from Harrisburg, and 170 from W. C.,on the national road. Contains some 15 or 20 houses, &c. SMITHFIELD, ts. Providence co. R. I., on the Pawtncket, 12 m. N. from Provi dence. It is a considerable township, and contains 2 banks, an academy, 3 houses of public worship, 2 for Friends, and 1 for Con- gregationalists. Woonsocket, a manufac turing village in this ts., contains 15 cotton and 2 sattinet factories, a large furnace, machine shops, sash factories, &c. There are numerous manufactories in other parts of the ts. Pop. 5,934. SMITHFIELD, ts. Madison co. N. Y., 29 m. WSW. from Utica. It is a valuable township, and contains the village of Peter- boroujyh. Pop. 1,699. SMITHFIELD, v. Isle-of-Wight co. Va., on Pagan creek, about 6 m. above its en trance into James river, 32 WNW. from Norfolk. It is a great depot for hams, which are exported in large quantities. . Pagan creek is navigable to this place for boats of 20 tons. It is the seat of justice for the county, and contains the usual county buildings, &c. SMITHFIELD, t. and cap. Johnson co. N. C., on theNeuse, 27 m. SE. from Raleigh, about 110 m. NVV. from Newbern, and 313 from W. C. It is situated on a handsome plain, and contains a court-house and jail, and has some trade. SMITHFIELD, v. Jefferson co. Ohio, 12 m. from Cadiz, and W. from Weflsburg, has 4 churches, 6 or 8 stores, a woollen factory, 3 tanneries, and from 80 to 90 dwellings. SMITHFIELD, v. Jefferson co. Va7, 180 m. from Richmond, and 65 from W. C., a small village of some 8 or 10 dwellings. SMITHFIELD, v. Monongalia co. Va., 276 miles from Richmond, and 198 from W.C. SMITH GROVE, v. Warren co. Ken., 173 m. SW. from Frankfort. SMITHLAND, t. Livingston co. Ken., on the Ohio, 3 m. below the mouth of the Cumberland. SMITH'S ISLAND, island, N. C., at the mouth of Cape Fear river. Cape Fear is. the SE. point of it. SMITH'S ISLAND, small island in the Atlantic, near the coast of Virginia. This is one of a cluster collectively called Smith's Islands. Lon. 75 52' W. Lat. 37 15' N. SMITH'S POINT, cape, on the coast of Virginia, forming the S. limit of the Poto mac. Lat. 37 54' N. SMITHTOWN, ts. and v. Suffolk co. N. Y., on N. side of Long Island, 53 m. E. from New York ; the village is centrally situated, and contains some 30 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,932. SMITHVILLE, v. Jefferson co. N. Y., 12m. SW. from Watertown ; contains seve ral mills, and about 65 dwellings. SMITHVILLE, v. Green co. 0., 4 m.. NE. from Dayton, on Mad river; contain* several saw-mills, a. cotton factoiy, &c. SMITHVILLE, ts. and v. Chenango co. N. Y., 13 m. SE. from Norwich ; the vil lage contains some 45 or 50 dwellings. SMITHVILLE, v. and cap. Brunswick co. N. C., near the mouth of Cape Fear river, contains the usual county buildings, and 15 or 20 houses. SMOKEHILL,t. Louisiana, runs into the Kansas. SMYRNA, ts.. and v. Chenango co, N. Y., 10 m. N. from Norwich, 105 W. from Albany ; the village contains several mills, a woollen factory, and about 70 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 2,246. SMYRNA, a small village in Harrison co. II., 16 m. SE. from Cadiz, and 100 E. from Columbus. SMYRNA, a flourishing town in Kent co. Delaware, on Duck creek, about 10 m. above its mouth, 12 NNW. from Dover, 28 S. from Newcastle, 120 from W. C. Pop. about 1,000. It contains a bank and an academy, and carries on considerable trade with Philadelphia. SMYTHFIELD, v. Somerset co. Pa., 195 m. from W. C., on the national road near the SW. corner cf the county ; contains some 15 or 20 dwellings. SNEYDSBOROUGH, t. Richmond co, N. C., on the Yadkin, 200 m. by water, and 120 by land, above Georgetown, S. C. SNICKERSVILLE, v. London co. Va., 20 m. E. from Winchester, and 40 W. from Washington. SNOWHILL, t. port of entry and cap. Worcester co. Md., on the Pocomoke, 25 m. from its mouth, and 125 S. from Philadel phia. Lon. 75 30' W. Lat. 38 10' N. It is pleasantly situated, and contains a court house, a jail, an academy, a bank, 3 houses of public worship, and about 1,200 inhabit ants, and has considerable trade. SNOWHILL, v. and cap. Green co. N. C., 84 m. from Raleigh, and 300 from W. C., contains a court-house, jail, and some 15 ot 20 houses. 520 SNO SOM SNOWHILL, v. Clinton co. O., 70 m. SW. from Columbus, and 53 E. from Cin cinnati, a small village of 4 or 5 houses. SOCIETY-LAND, ts. Hillsborough co. N. H., 25 m. SW. from Concord. It con tains some good land. Pop. 133. SODUS, bay of N. York, on the S. shore of lake Ontario, between Seneca and Onta rio cos. It is completely secure, 12 m. N. from Lyons, on the Erie canal. It will ad mit vessels drawing 7 or 8 feet water. SODUS, ts. and v. Wayne co. N. Y., on Great Sodus bay, S. side of lake Ontario, 30 m. NE. from Canandaigua, and 212 W. from Albany. The principal village contains 2 churches, several stores, and 30 or 40 dwell ings. Iron ore is found in this town. Great Sodus bay is 7 m. long, and 3 broad, and is accounted the best harbor on the south side of the lake. Pop. 4,472. SOLON, ts. Somerset co. Me,, on theKen- nebeck, 18 m. N. from Norridgewock. It contains a pleasant village and some manu factures. Pop. 1,139. SOLON, ts. and v. Cortlandt co.N. Y., 10 m. E. from Homer, 132 W. from Albany. The village contains some 10 or 15 dwell ings. Pop. 2,311. SOMERS, ts. Tolland co. Ct., 8 m. E. from Enfield, and 24 NE. from Hartford, contains a very neat village, and a large es tablishment for the manufacture of straw- bonnets- Pop. 1,621. SOMERS, ts. and v. Westchester co. N. Y., 50 m. N. from New York. It has a pleasant village, which contains a printing- office, and about 40 dwellings. Pop. 2,082. SOMERSET, co. Me., bounded by Ken- nebeck S. Oxford W. Lower Canada NW. and Penobscot E. This county includes a space 180 m. long, by upwards of 50 wide. The principal settlements are in the southern part, on Kennebeck river, but a great por tion is yet uninhabited. Chief town, Nor ridgewock. Pop. 33,912. SOMERSET, ts. Windham co. Vt., 14 m. ENE. from Bennington. This is a rough and mountainous ts. Pop. 200. SOMERSET, ts. Bristol co. Mass., 13 m. SSW. from Taunton, and 42 S. from Boston. Considerable ship-building is carried on here. Pop. 1,005. SOMERSET, ts. and v. Niagara co. N.Y., 280 m. NW. from Albany, and 14 NE. from Lock port. The village contains some 10 or 12 dwellinss. Pop." 1,742. SOMERSET, co. N. J., bounded N. by Morris co. E. by Essex and Middlesex cos. SE. by Mercer co. and W. by Hunterdonco. Chief town, Somervilte. Pop. 17,453. SOMERSET, co. S. side of Pa., bounded N. by Cambria co. E. by Bedford co. S. by Maryland, and W. by Fayette and West moreland cos. Somerset is the capital. Pop. 19,650. SOMERSET, bor. and cap. Somerset co. Pa., 35 m. W. from Bedford, 61 ESE. from Pittsburg, and 165 from W. C. It is a plea sant town, and contains a court-house, a jail, several stores, and about 100 dwellings. Pop. 638. SOMERSET, eo. Md., bounded N. by Delaware, E. by Worcester co. S. by Poco- moke bay, W. by the Chesapeake, and N W. by Dorchester co. Chief town, Princess Anne. Pop. 19,508, of whom 5,377 were slaves, and 2,646 free colored. SOMERSET, t. and cap. Perry co. Ohio, 18 m. W. from Zanesville, 53 NE. from Chillieothe, 354 from W. C., contains the county buildings, 8 or 10 stores, several taverns, and about 120 dwellings. SOMERSET, t. and cap. Pulaski co. Ken., 12 m. SSE. from Stanford, 601 from W. C. It is situated in a fertile country, and eon- tains the county buildings, and several stores. Pop. 238, SOMERSET, v. Franklin co. In., 81 m. SE. by E. from Indianapolis. SOMERSWORTH, ts. Strafford co. N, H., 4 m. NE. from Dover, and 15 NNW. from Portsmouth. It lias great falls, exten sive manufactories, and a large and beautiful village. Pop. 3,283. SOMERTON, v. Be!mont co. 0., 10 m. from Woodsville, and 16 from Morristown, on the national road, has several stores, 2 churches, 2 tobacco-houses, and about 30 dwellings. SOMERTON, v. near the S. boundary of Nansemond co. Va., 40 m. SW. from Nor folk, and 124 SE. from Richmond. SOMERVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Somerset co. N. J., on Raritan river. 11^ m. from New Brunswick, 28 N. from Trenton, 33 SE. from Easton, and 200 from W. C. It has a deliditful situation, in a fertile and highly cultivated country, and has a handsome appearance. The village contains 2 printing-offices, each issuing a weekly paper, a brick court-house, jail, a clerk and surrogate's offices, fire proof, 3 churches, 4 public houses, and about 100 dwellings, many of which are very neat and spacious. Here is an excellent water power, made by the Somerville Water Power Com pany, which has been obtained by con structing a dam across the Raritan, from which the water is thrown into a canal or raceway 3 m. in length, and runs nearly parallel with the river; it is 30 feet wide at the bottom, the depth of the water at the head of the canal is 4j feet, and at the lower end or termination is 5 feet 9 inches. It is computed that the raceway will discharge about 20,000 cubic feet of water per minute, supplying an orifice of 30 square feet, under a head of 30 inches. The whole head and fall is 15 feet. The company is incorporated with a capital of $200,000, with a right to increase the same to $300,000. The com pany are now prepared to lease water rights on very favorable terms, and no place can offer greater inducements to the manufac turer. A rail-road connects this place with Elizabeth Port, by which there are 3 trains of cars daily to New York. SOMERVILLE, v. Fauquier co. Va., 56 SOM SOU 521 m, from W. C., and 133 a little W. of N. from Richmond. SOMERVILLE, v. and seat of justice, on Locust Fork of Black Warrior or Tusca- loosa river, Morgan co. Ala., about 50 m. a little E. of S. from Huntsville. SOMERVILLE, t. and cap. Fayette co. Ten., situated on Loosahatchie river, 35 m. NE. from Memphis, and 184 SW. by W. from Nashville, contains the usual county buildings, and 25 or 30 houses. SOMERVILLE, v. Butler co. 0^ 12 m. from Hamilton, and 12 from Eaton, has 2 taverns, several stores, and about 50 dwell ings. SOREL, t. L. C., on St. Lawrence river, immediately below the mouth of Sorel river. It is a regularly built town, containing about 2,000 inhabitants. SOREL, r. L. C.,the outlet of lake Cham- plain. Tt. admits ship navigation to St. John's. From thence to . the basin of Chambly, the current is strong, and impeded by shoals and rapids; but from Chambly to the mouth, gentle. The distance from lake Champlain to St. John's, about 20 m., and from thence to the mouth 55 m. It is the channel of an extensive down -stream trade, in flour, lumber, pot and pearl ashes. SOUHEG AN, r. rises in W. part of Hills- borough co. N. H., and runs E. into the Merrimack river, in the town of Merrimack, opposite Litch field. SOUTHAMPTON, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 18 m. SW. from Portsmouth. The soil is level, and of a good quality. Pop. 462. SOUTHAMPTON, ts, Hampshire co. Mass., 9 m. SW. from Northampton, and 98 W. from Boston. In this town there is a lead mine. The ore yields from 50 to 60 per cent, of pure, soft lead. Pop. 1,157. SOUTHAMPTON, ts. Suffolk co. N. Y., on S. side of Long Island, 100 m. E. from New York. Sag Harbor, Westhampton, Southampton, and Bridge Hampton, in each of which there is a post-office, are in this township. Pop. 6,205. SOUTHAMPTON, co. SE. part of Va., bounded NW. by Sussex and Surrey cos. E. by Isle of Wight and Nansemond cos. S. by North Carolina, and SW. by Greensville co. Chief town, Jerusalem. Pop. 14,525, of whom 6,555 were slaves, and 1,799 free colored. SOUTH BAINBRIDGE, v. Chenango co. N. Y., on Susquehannah river, 7 nau S. from Norwich. SOUTH BERWICK, ts. York co, Maine, 97 m. SW. from Augusta. It is pleasantly situated, and has large manufacturing es tablishments. Pop. 2,114. SOUTH BLOOMFIELD, v. Pickaway co. O., 17 m, S. from Columbus on the Ohio canal ; has several stores, a tannery, vari ous mechanics, and about 30 dwellings. SOUTHBOROUGH, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 18 m. NNE. from Worcester, and 28 W. from Boston. It has manufactures of Q2 . woollen goods, boots, shoes, straw-bonnets, &c. Pop. 1,145. SOUTH BRIDGE, ts. S. part of Worces ter co. Mass., 54 m. SW. from Boston ; con tains a woollen and 3 cotton-mills, and manu factures of boots, shoes, and cutlery. Pop. 2,031. SOUTHBURY, ts. New Haven co. Ct., 22 m. NW. from New Haven ; contains a carpet and several hat factories. Population, 1,542. SOUTH CHARLESTON, v. in' the S. part of Clarke- co. O., 40 m. SW. by W. from Columbus, and 12 S. of E. from Springfield. It is a pleasant and thriving village. SOUTH DOVER, v. Dutehess^co. N. Y., 24 m. E. from Poughkeepsie ; contains seve ral mills, stores, and 15 or 20 dwellings. SOUTH-EAST, ts. Putnam co. N. Y., 18 m. E. from West Point. Pop. 1,910. SOUTH FLORENCE, v. in the northern part of Frari-klin co. Ala. SOUTHFIELD, ts. on the SE. side of Staten Island ; surface diversified with hill and dale. Forts Tompkins, Richmond and Hudson are in this ts. at the Narrows. Pop. 1,619. SOUTH GATE, v. Campbell co. Ken., 81 m. NNE. from Frankfort. SOUTH GERMAN, t. Chenango co. N. Y., 15 m. NW. by W. from Norwich. SOUTH HADLEY, ts. Hampshire co. Mass., on the E. bank of the Connecticut river, 5 m. below Northampton. A fall of 50 feet in the Connecticut river at this place, has been overcome by a dam and a canal of 712 perches in length, with 5 locks. The whole canal is cut through the solid rock. It contains a flourishing academy, 3 paper and 2 woollen-mills, and various manufac tures. Annual amount about 230,000 dol lars. Pop. 1,458. SOUTH HANOVER, v. Jefferson co. In., 90 in. SE. from Indianapolis. SOUTHHOLD, ts. Suffolk co. N. Y., in cludes Fisher's, Gull, Plumb and Robins' islands, and the peninsula between the sound and Gardner's and Peconic bays. Pop. 3,907. SOUTH HERO, ts. Grand Isle co. Vt, on an island in lake Champlain, 15 m. NNW. from Burlington. It is a good farm ing ts. and feeds a large number of sheep. Pop. 664. SOUTHINGTON, pts. Trumbull co. O., 156 m. NE. from Columbus. SOUTHINGTON, ts. Hartford co. Ct., 18 m. SW. from Hartford, and 325 from W. C. The manufacture of cement is exten sively carried on at this place, besides nu merous other manufactures. Pop. 1,887. SOUTH KINGSTON, ts. and seat of just- ice, Washington co. R. L, at the mouth of Narrasanset bay, 20 m. SW. from Provi dence, 389 from W. C. This place pos sesses great navigable privileges arid is a place of considerable trade. Pop. 3,317. SOUTH KORTRIGHT, ts. Delaware co. 522 SOU SPO branch of the Susquehannah, situated be tween Harpersfield and Broomvirle. SOUTH MOUNTAIN, int. Pa., on the W. sile of Adams co. SOUTH NEW BERLIN, v. Chenango Co. N. Y., on the Susquehannah river, be low New Berlin, and 10 m. NE. from Nor wich ; contains some 40 or 50 houses. SOUTH READING, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 10 m. N. from Boston, and 18 from Concord ; has manufactures of shoes, razor- straps, block tin, &c. Pop. 1,517. SOUTH RIVER, r. Md., runs into the Chesapeake, 6 m. S. from Annapolis. SOUTH RIVER, v. Middlesex co. N. J., 32 m. from Trenton. SOUTH RIVER, small bay, extending NW. /rom the Chesapeake bay, in Ann- ArundT? 1 co. Md., 6 m. S. from Annapolis. SOUTH RUTLAND, v. Jefferson co. N. Y., on the head of Sandy creek, 15 m. SE. by E. from Sackett's Harbor. SOUTH SALEM, ts. Westchester co. N. Y., about 50 m. N. by E. from New York, 6 from Bedford and 24 from White Plains, snrface broken. Pop. 1,500. SOUTH SPARTA, v. near the southern boundary of Livingston co. N. Y., 30 m. SW. from Canandaigua. SOUTH UNION, v. Jasper co. Geo., 24 m. NW. from Milledgeville. SOUTHVILLE, v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y., 170 m. from Albany, and 450 from W. C., contains 10 or 15 dwellings. SOUTH WICK, ts. Hampden co. Mass., 100m. W. by S. from Boston. Its manufac tures consist of gunpowder, leather, spirits, &c. Pop. 1,214. SOWEGO, v. York co. Pa,; situated on the Susquehannah river, near the Maryland line, 33 m. SE. from the borough of York. SP AFFORD, ts. and v. Onondaga co. N. Y., on the E. side of Skeneateles Lake, 13 m. S. from Onondaga. The village, 20 m. from Syracuse, contains some 10 or 12 dwell ings. Pop. 1,873. SPANISH GROVE, v. Mecklenburg co. Virginia. SPARTA, ts. Livingston co. N. Y., 25 m. SW. from Canandaigua, 231 from Albany, and 14 SE. from Genesee; surface hilly. It contains six post-offices or villages: Danville, Tuscarora, Union Corners, Sparta, North Sparta and West Sparta. Pop. 5,841. SPARTA, t. and cap. Hancock co. Geo., 25 m. NE. from Milledgeville, 64 SW. from Augusta, 618 from W/C. It is a flourish ing town, and contains a court-house, a jail, a Methodist meeting-house, and 2 respecta ble academies. SPARTA, v. and seat of justice, White co. Ten., on Calfkiller's fork of Craney riv er, 66 m. E. from Murfreesborough, 75 SE. by E. from Nashville, 623 from W. C. SPARTA, v. and seat of justice, Conecuh co. Ala*., on Murder creek, branch of Cone- cnh r. about 70 m. a little E. of N. from Pensacola, 90 NE. from Mobile, 971 from W. C. SPARTANBURG, district, S. C., bounded by N. Carolina, New York and Union dis tricts E. Enoree river or Laurens S. and Greenville W. Length 40 m., mean width' 22. Chief town, Spartanburg. Pop. 23,669, of whom 5,689 were slaves. SPARTANBURG, t. and cap. Spartan- burg district, S. C., 35 m. NE. from Green ville, 477 from W. C. SPEEDSVILLE, v. Tompkins co. N. Y., 15 m. from Ithaca, has some 8 or 10 dwell ings. SPEEDWELL, v. Claiborne co. Ten., 200 m. NE. by E. from Murfreesborough. SPEEDWELL MILLS, v. Barn well dis trict, S. C. SPEIGHTSTOWN, s-p. of Barbadoes, on the W. side of the island, Lon. 58 31' W. Lat. 13 10' N. SPEIGLETOWN, v, in the NW. corner of Rensselaer co. N. Y. SPENCER, co. In., bounded by Ohio r. S. Warwick co. W. Dubois N. and Perry E. ; length 30 m., breadth 12. It is gener ally hilly and broken, but the soil is very good. Chief town, Rockport. Pop. 6,305. SPENCER, v. and seat of justice, Owen co. In., on a small creek of White river, about 50 m. SW. from Indianapolis, 624 from W. C., contains the usual county build ings, and is a pleasant and flourishing town. SPENCER, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 11 m. WSW. from Worcester, 51 WSW. from, Boston. It contains 2 woollen mills, and manufactures of scythe snail hs, straw-bon nets,, shoes, leather, palm-leaf hats, harness es, barrels, &c. Pop. 1,604. SPENCER^ ts. and v. Tioga co. N. Y., 54 m. S. from Auburn, 191 WSW. from Al bany. The village, on a creek, contains several mills, and 80 or 90 dwellings. Pop. 1,532. SPENCER, v. Austerlitz ts. Columbia co. N. Y., 24 m. from Albany, 15 from Hudson,, contains some 25-or 30 dwellings. SPENCER, v. Davidson co. N. C., 92 m., W. from Raleigh. SPENCER, co. Ken., bounded NE. by. Shelby, E. by Anderson and Mercer, S. by Washington, SW. by Nelson, and W. by Bullitt co. Taylorsville is the capital. Pop. 6,581, of whom 1,911 were slaves. SPENCER'S CORNERS, v. Dutchess co.. N. Y., 31 m. NE. from Poughkeepsie, and 85 SE. from Albany; contains some 20 or 30 dwellings. SPESUTIA, v. Harford eo. Md., 65 m.. NE. from Washington. SPOON,, r. II., rises between the Illinois and Mississippi rivers, at Lat. 41 20' N., and fells into the former, 150 m. above its in flux into the Mississippi. SPOTSWOOD, v. Middlesex co. N. J., 9 m. SE.from New Brunswick. It contains 2 churches, a powder-mill, and 2 tobacco ma nufactories. It is 26 m. from Trenton, and 200 from W. C. It contains 30 or 40 dwell- ings. SPOTSYLVANIA, co. Va., bounded N. SPR 523 by the Rappahannock, SE. by Caroline co. SSW. by Hanover and Louisa cos. and NW. by Orange co. Pop. 15,161, of whom 7,590 were slaves, and 785 free colored. Chief to\vn, Fredericksburg. SPREAD EAGLE, v. Delaware co. Pa,, contains 8 or 10 dwellings. SPRINGBOROUGH, v. Warren co. Ohio, 80 m. SW. from Columbus, and contains 2 hotels, 3 churches, 12 or 15 mechanic shops, 3 pork-houses, 6 or 8 stores, 2 woollen fac tories, a merchant mill, and from 90 to 100 dwellings. SPRINGFIELD, t. Hampshire co. Va., on S. branch of the Potomac, 10 m. NE. from Rornney, 58 WNW. from Winchester. SPRINGFIELD, t. and cap.- Washington co. Ken., 30 m. NW. from Danville, 600 from W. C. Pop. 618. It contains a bank. SPRINGFIELD, t. and cap. Robertson co. Ten., on Sulphur Fork, 25 m. N. from Nashville. Fourteen miles E. of this town there is a mineral spring, which is much re sorted to. Contains a court-house, jail, and some 80 or 90 houses. SPRINGFIELD, ts. Windsor co. Vt., on the Connecticut opposite Charlestown, 13 m. SSW. from Windsor, and 110 NW. from Boston. Pop. 2,624. SPRINGFIELD, ts. Sullivan co. N. H., 36 m. NW. from Concord. This is a good ts., well watered by numerous streams and ponds. Pop. 1,625. SPRINGFIELD, ts. and v. Otsego co. N. Y., 12 m. NE. from Cooperstown, 58 W. from Albany. The village contains 25 or 30 dwellings. Pop. 2,382. SPRINGFIELD, v. Essex co. N. J., J5 m. SW. from N. Y. and 50 from Trenton; contains 2 churches, several taverns and stores, 2 grist-mills, 10 paper-mills, about 200 dwellings, &c. SPRINGFIELD, v. Lancaster co. Pa., on the turnpike leading from the city of Lan caster to Harrisburg, 18 m. NW. from the former. SPRINGFIELD, v. Tuscaloosa co. Ala., on a small stream of the Black Warrior ri ver. 25 m. SW. from Tuscaloosa. SPRINGFIELD, ts. and cap. Hampden co. Mass., on the E. side of the Connecti cut, 18 m. S. from Northampton, 28 N. from Hartford, 48 WSW. from Worcester, 88 W. by S. from Boston, 363 from W. C. It con tains a number of public buildings, 7 cotton and 4 paper-mills, 3 tanneries, 2 public libra ries, and a great number of elegant houses. The U. S. arsenal, a little east of the village, makes an imposing show. An U. S. manu factory of small-arms is situated about a mile from the arsenal, employing a number of mills and work-shops, and about 250 hands, who manufacture about 18,000 muskets "a year. This town contains also extensive manufactures of iron castings, cutlery, ploughs, boots, shoes, cards, hard-ware, steam-boats, joiners' tools, paper machinery, shuttles, bobbins, stoves, swords, &c., to the annual amount, exclusive of those by the U- S., of $1,800,000. Pop. 10,985. SPRINGFIELD, v. Hamilton co. Ohio, 12 m. N. from Cincinnati, and 117 from Co lumbus ; has several stores, a large number of mpchanic shops, about 60 dwellings, &c. SPRINGFIELD, v. and cap. Clarke co. Ohio, 13 m. S. from Urbana, 42 W. from Columbus. It is a flourishing town, and contains a woollen manufactory, a court house, clerks' office, 2 academies, several churches, paper-mill, brewery, d.stillery, 3 taverns, 25 or 30' stores, a printing-office, and upwards of 200 dwellings. Through the main street passes the great national road, which is here crossed by the route of the rail-road from lake Erie to Dayton. It is increasing in population rapidly. PojD.J2,062. SPRINGFIELD, t. La., in the^Bfeh-of St. Helena, about 30 m. WNW. fr JPMadi- sonville. SPRINGFIELD, v. York district, S. C., has 10 or 12 dwellings. SPRINGFIELD, v. Susquehannah co. Pa., 49 m. from W. C. SPRINGFIELD, v. Franklin co. In., 77 m. SE. by E. from Indianapolis. SPRINGFIELD, t. Sangemon co. II., and capital of the state, pleasantly situated on the S. fork of Sangemon river, and near the centre of the state, 79 in. NNW. from Van- dalia, and 801 from W. C. It contains a large and elegant state-house, a court-Jiouse, jail, a governor's house, a state-bank, a mar ket-house, 6 churches, an academy, 25 or 30 stores, 5 or 6 taverns, 4 drug stores, a foundery, 4 carding machines, various me chanics, 2 printing-offices, and is increasing rapidly. Pop. 2,570. SPRING GARDEN, v. Pittsylvania, Va., 130 m. SW..by W. from Richmond. SPRING GARDEN, v. Rockingham co. N. C., 113 m. NW. from Raleigh. ' SPRING GROVE, v. Iredell co. N. C., 195 m. westerly from Raleigh. SPRING GROVE, v. Laurens district, S. C.,65 m. northwesterly from Columbia. SPRING-HILL, v. Fauquier co. Va., con tains 8 or 10 dwellings. SPRING-HILL, v. Louisa co. Va., a small villase of 10 or 12 houses. SPRING-HILL, v. Lenoir co. N. C., 67 m. from Raleigh, and 330 from W. C., has 6 or 8 dwellings. SPRING-HILL, v. Chesterfield co. Va., a small but pleasant village. SPRING-HILL, v. Jefferson co. Geo., contains 6 or 8 dwellings. SPRING-ISLAND, small isl. near the coast of S. Carolina. Lat. 32 22' N. SPRINGPORT, ts. Cayuga co. N. Y., 166 m. W. from Albany and 9 SW. from Auburn, contains the village of Union Spa. SPRINGTOWN, v, Morris co. N. J., 16 m. W. from Morristown, in the SW. part of the co., a small village of 10 or 12 houses. SPRINGTOWN, v.Bucks co. Pa., 7 m.SE. from Bethlehem, and 43 N. from Philadelphia. SPRINGTOWN, v. Ulster co. N. Y., 73 524 SPR STA *n. S. from Albany, contains some 15 or 20 dwellings. SPRING VILLE, v. Darlington district, S. C., 91 m. E. from Columbia. SPRINGVILLE, v. Lawrence co. In., 62 m. SSW. from Indianapolis, contains several stores, and is a place of some business. SPRINGVILLE, v. Montgomery co. N. C., a small village of 8 or 10 houses. SPRINGVILLE, v. Columbia co. N. Y., half a mile from the Hudson, contains 15 or 20 houses. SPRINGVILLE, v. Erie *o. N. Y., 282 m. from Albany, and 28 SE. from Buffalo, contains 4 churches, an academy, 3 exten sive tanneries, various mechanics, a woollen factory, an oil-mill, furnace, &c., and about 150 bores. Pop. 2,232. SPlK&WATER, ts. and v. Livingston co. N.~223 in. from Albany, and 18 SE. from Geneseo. The village contains some 25 or 30 dwelling-s. SQUAM, lake, N. H., in Sandwich, Moul- tonborough, Centre 'Harbor, and Holderness, 6 m. long, and 4 broad. SQUAM, v. Essex co. Mass., on the N. shore of cape Ann. It has a good harbor. SQUAM, r. N. H., runs from Squam lake SW. into the Merrimack. STAATSBURG, v. Dutchess co. N. Y., 10 m. N. from Poughkeepsie, contains about 40 dwellings. STAFFORD, ts. Tolland co. Ct., 9 m. NE. from Tolland, 27 NE. from Hartford, 73 WSW. from Boston. It contains a fur nace for casting hollow-ware, and a famous chalybeate spring, with good accommoda tions for visitors. Its waters have proved beneficial in a variety of diseases, and are resorted to by those afflicted with dropsy, gout, rheumatism, piles, scrofula, cutaneous eruptions, &c. It also contains manufac tures of cotton and woollen machinery, brush handles, iron card cylinders, pistols, axes, adzes, carpenters' chisels, tailors' shears, drawinsr-knives, &,c. &c. Pop. 2,469. STAFFORD, co. NE. part of Va., bound ed N. by Prince William o. NE. by thePo- tomac and Prince George co. S. by the Rap- pahannock, and W. by Culpeper and Fau- quier cos. Chief town, Falmouth. Pop. 8,454, of whom 3,596 were slaves, and 369 free colored. STAFFORD, ts. and v. Genesee co. N. Y., 8 m. a little S. of E. from Batavia, and about 30 SW. from Rochester. Pop. 2,561. STAFFORD, C. H., Stafford co. Va., 47 m. SSW. from W. C. and 76 a little E. of N. from Richmond. STAGE ISLAND, small isl. near the coast of Maine, not far from Casco bay, remarka ble for being the first land inhabited by Eu ropeans in New England. STAGVILLE, v. Orange co. N. C., con tains 6 or 8 dwellings. STAMFORD, ts. Benninsrton co. Vt., 12 m. SE. from Bennington. The land is too elevated for much cultivation. Pop. 662. STAMFORD, ts. Fairfield W. from Albany, and 28 N. from Auburn. Pop. 2,533. STERLING, v. Wayne co. Pa., 156 m. NE. from Harrisburg. STERLING, v, Clark co. II., 150 in. from- Vandalia,. and 668 from W. C. STERNEVILLE, v. Caroline ts. jTomp- kins co. N. Y., 15 m. from Ithaca, hafs some 15 or 20 dwellings, and several mills. STEUBEN, ts. Washington co. Me. r on the Narraguagus river, 311 m. NE. from Boston. It is a place of considerable ship building. Pop. 884. STEUBEN, co. N. Y., bounded N. by Ontario co. E. by Seneca lake and Tioga co. S. by. Pennsylvania, and W. by Alle- ghany co. Chief town, Bath. Pop. 46,138. STEUBEN, ts. Oneida co. N. Y., 20 m. N. from Utica, and 110 from Albany. Baron Steuben died in this town in 1796, and here his ashes repose, protected by a neat tomb. Pop. 1,993. STEUBEN, co. NE. corner of Indiana, bounded N. by Michisran state line, E. by Michigan and Ohio, S."by De Kalb, and W. by Lagrange. Watered by a west branch of the St. Joseph's, Maumee, and the head waters of Elkhart river and Crooked creek. Pop. 2,578. STEUBEN VILLE, t. and cap. Jefferson co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 69 m. by the river below Pittsbur?, 38 by land, 109 above Marietta, 25 NE. from St. Clairsville, 150 E. by N. from Columbus. It is a very flourishing town, with many fine buildings, 6 handsome churches, a court-house, jail, a market-house, 3 printing-offices, a bank, an academy, 12 or 15 taverns, about 30 mer cantile stores, a paper-mill, 2 woollen facto ries, 3 iron founderies, 3 steam-engine, manufactories, a brass foundery, 3 machine- making shops, 3 flouring-mills, a harness mounting and silver plating manufactory, a boat-yard. 2 breweries, 3 copperas manu factories, 3 tanners, a rope walk, a comb factory, a chemical manufactory, and 5,200 inhabitants. STEVENSBURG, v. Culpeper co. Va., 96 rn. from Richmond, and 83 from W. C. STEVENSBURG, v. Hard in co. Ken., 90 m. from Frankfort, and 640 from W. C. STEVENSBURG, v. Hamilton co. In., 30 m. N. from Indianapolis ; contains several stores, and some 15 or 20 dwellings, fcc. STEWART, co. Geo., bounded N. by Muscogee and Marion E. by Sumter S. by Randolph cos. and W. by Alabama. Chief town, Lumpkin. Pop. 12,933. 526 STE STO STEWART, NW. co. Ten. E. on Ten nessee river, bounded by Ken. NE. Mont gomery co. Ten. E. Dickson co. SE. Hum phreys S. ahd Tennessee river or Henry co. W. Length 22 m., mean width 20. Pop. 8,587, of whom 2,117 were slaves, and 153 free colored. Chief town, Dover. STEWARTSTOWN, ts. Coos co. N. H., on the Connecticut, 40 m. N. from Lancas ter, and 460 from W. C. ; watered by the Connecticut river. Pop. 630. STEWARTSVILLE, v. Warren co. N. J., 60 m. N. from Trenton ; a small village of some 12 or 15 houses. STEWARTSVILLE, v. in the W. part of Westmoreland co. Pa., on the road from Greensburg to Pittsburs', 12 m. from the former, 14 from the latter place, and 180 from Harrisburg. STILESVILLE, Hendricks co. In., 30 m. from Indianapolis, and 593 from W. C. STILL VALLEY, v. Sussex co. N. J., 4 ro. from Easton, Pa. ; a small village con taining a post-office, &c. STILL WATER, ts. and v. Saratoga co. N. Y., on the W. side of the Hudson, 22 m. N. from Albany. Bemas's Heights are in this township, 3 m. N. of the village. This place is memorable for a battle fought on the 19th of September, 1777, between the Ameri cans and British. The village, upon the Champlain canal, 4 m. above Mechanicsville, contains some 50 or 60 dwellings, and is a place of considerable trade. Pop, 2,733. ST1LLWATER, r. Ohio, runs SE. into the Great Miami, above Dayton, and oppo- eite the mouth of Mad river. STILL WATER, v. Sussex co. N. J., 7 m. SW. from Newton, and 78 N. from Tren ton ; contains a grist and oil-mill, a Presby terian church, and 10 or 12 dwellings. STILL WATER, v. Perry co. Ten., 112 m. SW. by W. from Nashville. STOCK, v. Harrison co. Ohio, 110 m. NE. from Columbus ; contains a post-office, and a few -houses. STOCKBRIDGE, ts. Windsor co. Vt., 32 m. NW. from Windsor, and 36 SW. from Montpelier ; keeps a large number of sheep. Pop. 1,418. STOCKBRIDGE, ts. Berkshire co. Mass., 6 m. S. from Lenox, 12 m. S. from Pittsfield, and 130 W. from Boston. It is watered by the Housatonic, is a pleasant town, and contains a printing-office and several cotton and woollen-manufactories. There is a quarry of marble in this township, and manufactures of iron, iron-castings, chairs, boots, shoes, machinery, &c. Annual amount, about 400,000 dollars. Pop. 1,992. STOCKBRIDGE, v. Smithfield ts. Madi son co. N. Y., 8 m. from Morrisville ; con tains 2 churches, an academy, several mills, and a large scythe and axe manufactory, and about 75 or 80 dwellings. STOCKHOLM, ts. St Lawrence co. N. Y., 30 m. E. from Ogdensburg. Pop. 2,995. STOCKPORT, v. Wayne co. Pa., situat ed on the Delaware river, 33 m. N. from Bethany, and 150 from Philadelphia. STOCKPORT, ts. Columbia co. N. Y., 5 m. N. from Hudson, and 24 S. from Albany. Pop. 1,815. STOCKTON, ts. and v. Chatauque co, N. Y., 10 m. a little W. of S. from Fredonia, and 60 m. SW. from Buffalo. Pop. 2,078. STODDARD, t s . Cheshire co. N. H., 14 m. NE. from Keene, 44 WSW. from Con cord. It contains 14 ponds, some of which are of considerable magnitude. Pop. 1,006. STODDARD, co. Miso., bounded N. by Madison and cape Girardeau co. E. by Scott, S. by New Madrid, and W. by Wayne co. The N. part is broken and of a thin soil. Castor is the seat of justice. Pop. 3,153. STODDERTSVILLE, v. Luzerne co. Pa., on the turnpike road from Easton to Wilkesbarre, on the Lehigh river, at the head of navigation for boats, 18 m. from Wilkesbarre. It has considerable trade in lumber. STOKELY, v. in the southern part of Rutherford co. Ten., 45 in. SE. from Nash ville. STOKES, co. N. C., bounded by Virginia N. Rocldngham and Guilford cos. N. C., E., Rowan S. and Surrey W. Length 40 m., width 24. Chief town, Salem. Population, 16,265, of whom 2,682 were slaves, and 165 free- colored. STOKES, t. Montgomery co. N. C., near the Yadkin ; contains 8 or 10 dwellinss. STOKESBURY, v. Stokes co. N. C., 140 m. NW. from Raleigh. STONEHAM, ts." Oxford co. Me. It lies westerly from Albany. Pop. 313. STONEHAM, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 9 m. N. from Boston ; more than half of its inhabitants are employed in making boots and shoes. Pop. 1.017. STONESBOROUGH, v. Green co. Ken. STONERSTOWN, v. Bedford co. Pa., on the Raystown branch of Juniata river, 25 m. NNE. from the borough of Bedford, 100 from Harrisburs, and 125 from W. C. STONINGTON, s-p. New London co. Ct., 12 m. E. from New London. The harbor sets up from the sound, opposite Fisher's Island. It borders on Rhode Island, and is a place of considerable trade. Large capi tals are employed in the whale, seal, and cod fisheries. This town was bombarded by the British, without effect, August 8, 1814. It is a place of some resort for sea bathing, during the summer. Pop. 3,898. The Stonington and Boston rail-road termi nates on the sound here. STONY BATTERY, v. Newberry dist. S. C., 10 m. SE. from Newberry C. H., and 36 NW. by W. from Columbia. STONY BROOK, v. Brookhaven ts. N. Y., 3 m. E. from Sautucket. STONY ISLAND, isl. in E. end of lake Ontario, SW. from Sacket's Harbor. STONY POINT, v. Albemarle co. Va., has 8 or 10 dwellings. STO STJD 527 STONY POINT, Y. Abbeville district, S. C., a small village of some 10 or 12 houses. STONV POINT, on the W. bank of the river Hudson, 40 m. above New York. Formerly a military post ; was taken by storm from the British by General Anthony Wayne, in the war of the Revolution, July 16, 1779. STOXY POINT, v. Iredell co. N. C., 14 m. W. from Statesville, and 160 from Raleigh; STONY RIDGE, v. Marlborough ts. Ul ster co. N. Y., 10 m. SW. from Kingston, contains several stores, and some 25 or 30 dwellings. STOUGHTON, ts. Norfolk co. Mass., 15 m. S. from Boston ; contains 2 cotton and 1 woollen mill, and manufactures of boots, shoes, shoe-tools and boot forms. Annual value about $800,000. Pop. 2,142. STOUGSTOWN, v. Cumberland co. Pa., 45 m. westerly from Harrisburg. STOUTS, v. Washington co. Miso. STOUTSBURG, v. situated on the line dividing Somerset and Mercer cos. N. J., also on the turnpike road from New Bruns wick to Lambertville, 18 m. from the former, 12 from the latter, and 15 from Trenton ; contains a store, tavern,. 2 steam- engines used for manufacturing wagon hubs, u-nd grinding and savvins, 1 physician, and 12 or 15 dwellings, in a fertile country. STOW, ts, Lamoille co. Vt., 22m. NNW. from Montpelier. It has a number of mills, and a neat and pleasant village. Pop. 1,371. STOW, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 30 m. W. from Boston, and 8 S. from Concord. It has manufactures of leather, boots, straw- bonnets, palm-leaf hats, &c. Pop. 1,230. STOW, pts. Portage co. Ohio, 128 m. NE. from Columbus. STOWSVILLE, v. Lincoln co. N. C., 185 m. westerly from Raleisjh. STRAFFORD, co. ~E. part of N. H., bounded N. by Belknap eo. E. by Maine, SW. by Rockingham co. and W. by Merri- mack co. Chief towns, Dover, Rochester, and Durham. Pop. 23,166. STRAFFORD, ts. Orange co. Vt., 35 m. N. from Windsor. Here is an extensive copperas manufactory. Pop. 1,762. STRAFFORD, ts. Fulton co. N. Y., 15 ra. NW. from Johnstown. Pop. 500. STRAFFORD, ts. Strafford co. N. H., 15 m. NNW. from Dover, and 25 ENE. from ConcorJ. The soil of this ts. is generally good. Pop. 2,121. STRASBURG, v. Franklin co. Pa., E. of North Mountain, 9 m. NNW. from Cham- bersburg, 145 m. W. from Philadelphia. STRASBURG, v. Lancaster co. Pa., 8 m. SE. from Lancaster, 58 W. from Philadel phia, 116 from W. C. It is a pleasant and considerable village, built chiefly of brick and stone, and contains several stores, an acad emy, and 25 or 30 dwellings. STRASBURG, v. Shenandoah co. Va., 12 m. NNE. from Woodstock, 88 from W. C. It contains about 60 houses. STRATFORD, ts. Coos co. N. H., E. of :he Connecticut, 18 m. from Lancaster. This is a large and beautiful ts. Pop. 441. STRATFORD, ts. Fairfield co. Ct., on W. side of Stratford river, near its mouth, 14 m. SW. from New Haven. It is a pleasant town, and has an academy and some trade. The village contains 4 houses of public worship, and upwards of 200 dwellings. Pop. of ts. 1,808. STRATHAM, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 8 m, SW. from Portsmouth, and 39 SE. from Concord; agriculture is the chief employ ment of the inhabitants. Pop. 875. STRATTON, ts. Windham co. Vt., 23 m. NE. from Bennington. The land is cold and- unprofitable. Pop. 341. STRONG, ts. Somerset co. Me., 24 m. NW. from Norridgewock, 308 NNE. from Boston. It has a pleasant village and seve ral mills. Pop. 1,109, STRONGSVILLE, v. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, 125 in. NE. from Columbus and 15 from Cleveland, has a number of stores, 6 mills, a cloth-dressing factory, 3 or 4 churches, and about 1,200 inhabitants. STRONGTOWN, v. Indiana co. Pa., on the turnpike road from the boro. of Indiana to Kittanning, 15 m. NW. from the former. STROUDSBURG, boro. and cap. of Mon roe co. Pa., situated on the N. bank of Smithfield creek, 30 m. N. from Easton. It is a considerable town, containing 100 houses, an academy, and several places of public worship, besides the usual county buildings. STUMPSTOWN, t. Lebanon co. Pa,, on a branch of the little Swatara, 24 m. ENE. from Harrisburg, contains some 10 or 12 dwellings. STURBRIDGE, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 18 m. SW. from Worcester, 58 SW. from Bos ton. It is watered by the Quinebang, and the turnpike from Worcester to, Hartford passes through the township. It contains 6 cotton-mills and manufactures of shoes, boots, leather, clothing, palm-leaf hats, trunks, wagons, harnesses, sleighs, pocket rifles, &c. Pop. 2,005. STURGEONVILLE, v. Brunswick co. V., 60 m. from Richmond and 182 from W. C. STUYVESANT,ts. and v. Columbia co. N. Y. ; the village is 5 m. W. from Kinder- hook, contains several stores and ware houses. Pop. 1,779. SUCCESS, ts. Coos co. N. Hampshire, E. of the Androscoggin, 23 m. E. from Lancas ter ; here are several considerable mountains. Pop. 14. . SUCKASANNY, v. Morris co. N. J. It is a pleasant village, and contains, a Presby terian meeting-house, and an academy, and some 12 or 15 dwellings. SUDBURY, ts. Rutland co. Vt., 53 m. SW. from Montpelier; much attention is paid here to the growth of wool. Pop. 796. SUDBURY, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 22 m. W. from Boston, and 8 SW. from Con- 528 SUE SUM cord, has a paper-mill and a plough factory, &c. Pop. 1,422. SUELL ACC AUGA, v. Talladega co. Ala., 136 m. from Tuscaloosa and 794 from W. C. SUFFIELD, ts. Harlford co. Ct., on W. bank of the Connecticut, 11 m. S. from Springfield, 17 N. from Hartford. It is a pleasant and considerable town, and con tains several churches for Presbyterians and Baptists. Here is a mineral spring consid erably resorted to. ' It also contains a liter ary institution in high repute. Pop. 2,669. SUFFOLK, co. Mass , comprising only the towns of Boston and Chelsea, which see. This county comprises only a very small spot on the continent, Boston peninsu la, and the islands in the harbor. It con tains 1 cotton factory, 7 iron works, and 1 glass factory. Pop. 95,773, SUFFOLK, co. N. Y., comprising the E. part of Long Island, bounded by Queens W. Long Island sound N. and the Atlantic Ocean NE., E. and S. Length 80 m., mean width 8. Soil of the whole county rather sterile. Chief towns, River-head, Sag Har bor, and Southampton. Pop. 32,469. SUFFOLK, t. and cap. Nansemond co. Va., on the river Nansemond, 30 m. SW. from Hampton, 85 SE. from Richmond, and 220 from W. C. It contains a court-house and a jail. The river is navigable to this place for vessels of 250 tons. SUGAR CREEK, r. Pa., runs E. into the E. branch of the Susquehannah, about 6 m. above To wand a creek. SUGAR CREEK, settlement, Tazewell co. II., 122 m. from Vandalia, and 844 from W. C. It contains 80 or 90 families, and is increasing:. SUGAR CREEK, r. O., joins the Little Miami, above Waynesville. SUGARLOAF," v. Orange co. N. Y., 10 m. S. of Goshen, contains a Methodist church, and some 10 or 12 dwellings. SUGAR RIVER, r. N. H., runs from the Sunapee lake into the Connecticut, in Clare- monl. SUGGSVILLE, v. Clarke co. Ala., 12 m. from Claiborne. SULLIVAN", ts. Hancock co. Me., at the head of Frenchman's bay, 30 m. E. from Castine, and 280 NE. from Boston. It is finely situated for ship-building, and other branches of business connected with navi gation. Pop. 649. SULLIVAN, ts. Cheshire co. N. H., 6 m. NNE. from Keene, and 48 WSW. from Con cord. Pop. 496. SULLIVAN, a flourishing village in Lori- an co. O., 28 m. NE. from Mansfield, and 100 N. from Columbus, contains a church, a grist-mill, warehouse, and about 20 dwell ings. SULLIVAN, co. N. Y., bounded NW. by Delaware co. NE. by Ulster co. S. by Or ange co. and SW". by the Delaware, which separates it from Pennsylvania. Chief town, Monticello. Pop. 15,629. SULLIVAN, ts. Madison co. N. Y..bn S. t S side of Oneida lake, contains the Tillages of Chittenango and Canaseraga. Gypsum and iron ore are found here. Pop. 4^390. SULLIVAN, co. NE. part of East Ten., bounded N. by Va., E. by Carter, S. by Washington, Carter, and Hawkins cos. Pop. 10,731, of whom 1,037 were slaves- Chief town, Blountsville. SULLIVAN, co. N.H., bounded N. by Grafton, E. by Merrimack, and S. by Chesh ire co. and by the Connecticut river. New port is the capital. Pop. 20,340. SULLIVAN, co. In., bounded N. by Vigo E. by Clay and Green S. by Knox cos. and W. "by II. Chief town, Merron. Pop. 8,315. SULLIVAN ISLAND, isl. at the mouth of Ashley and Cooper rivers, 6 m. below Charleston, S. C. This island is much re sorted to by the people of Charleston during the summer months. SULLIVAN'S MOUNTAINS, in N. H. r extending from Cockburne to the White Mountains, about 2,000 feet high. SUMANYSTOWN,-v. Montgomery co. Pa., 33 m. NNW. from Philadelphia. SUMMERFIELD, v. Guilford co. N. C., contains some 12 or 15 houses. SUMMERFIELD, v. Monroe co. O., IS- m. from Woodsfield, has a church, about 25- dwellings, &c. SUMMERSVILLE, v. Gates co. N. C., 152 m. NE.bv E. from Raleigh. SUMMERVILLE, v. and cap. Nicholas co. Va., 270 m. from Richmond, and 320 from W. C., contains the usual county build ings, and some 15 or 20 houses. SUMMIT, ts. Schoharie co. N. Y., 50 aa. W. from Albany. Pop. 2,010. SUMMIT BRIDGE, v. Newcastle co. Del., on the Delaware and Chesapeake canal, contains 6 or 8 dwellings. SUMNER, ts. Oxford co. Me., 6 m. NE. from Paris, 170 NNE. from Boston. Its inhabitants are generally farmers. Pop. 1,269. SUMNER, co. on N. side of West Ten., bounded N. by Ken., E. by Smith, S. by Wilson and by Davidson and Robison cos. Pop. 22,445, of whom 7,286 were slaves. Chief town, Gallatin. SUMNEYTOWN, v. Montgomery co. Pa., 20 m. NE. from Norristown, and 98 from Harrisburg. SUMPTER, co. Ala., bounded N. and E. by Tombigbee river, S. by Washington co., and W. by Miss. Chief town, Livingston. Population, 29,937, of whom 15,S20^were slaves. SUMPTER, district of S. C., bounded by Santee river or Charleston district S. Santee river or Oranseburg SW. Wateree river or Richland W. Kershaw NW. Lynch's creek, river, or Darlington NE. and Williamsburg N. Length 50, mean width 30 m. Black river, branch of Great Pedee, takes its rise in this district. The canal connecting Santee river with Charleston harbor leaves the Santee, nearly opposite to the SE. angle SUM SWA 529 ofSumner. Chief town, Sumpterville. Pop. 27,892, of whom 18,875 were slaves. SUMPTERVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Sumpter district, S. C., on the dividing ground between the two main branches of Black river, about 100 m. a little W. of N. from Charleston. SUNAPEE, lake, N. H., in Fishersfield, Wendell, and New London. It is 11 m. long, and H broad. Little Sunapee, 2 m. Ions:, lies NE. of it, in New London. SUNBURY, bor. and cap. Northumber land co. Pa., on the Susquehannah, 1 m^ below the junction of the E. and W. branches, 2 m. S. from Northumberland, 56 N. from Harrisburs-, 122 NW. by W. .from Philadelphia, 162 from W. C. It is regu larly laid out, and contains a court-house, a jail, several churches, an academy, and 15 stores of different kinds. It is a pleasant and flourishing place. Pop. about 2,000. SUNBURY, t. Gates co. N. C., 160 m. from Raleigh, and 257 from W. C. SUNBURY, v. Delaware co. Ohio, mid way between Columbus and Mount Vernon, a neat village of about 20 houses. SUNBURY, s-p. Liberty co. Geo., at the head of St. Catherine's sound, 42 in. SSW. from Savannah. The harbor is safe and commodious, and the situation of the town is pleasant and healthy. Planters from the country resort here in the sickly season. SUNCOOK, r. N. H., runs SW. into the Merrimack, 7 m. below Concord. SUNDERLAND, ts. Bennington co. Vt., 20 m. NNE. from Bennington ; lead ore and lime-stone are found here. Pop. 438. SUNDERLAND, ts. Franklin co. Mass., E. of the Connecticut, 8 m. S. from Green field, 90 W. from Boston. The inhabitants are generally agriculturalists. Pop. 799. SURREY, co. N. C., bounded by Va. N. Stokes co. in N. C. E. Rowan and Iredell S. and Wilkes and Ashe W. It is drained by the extreme northern sources of the Yadkin. Surface hill)', and in part mountainous. Chief town, Rockford. Pop. 15,079, of whom 1,778 were slaves. SURREY, ts. Cheshire co. N. H., 8 m. NNW. from Keene, 62 WSW. from Con cord. It has some manufactures, but the inhabitants are generally farmers. Pop. 481. SURREY, ts. Hancock co. Me., 18 m. NE. from Castine, 257 NE. from Boston. Its inhabitants are generally independent farmers. Pop. 857. SURREY, co. Va., bounded N. by Prince George co. and James river, SE. by Isle of Wight and Southampton cos. and SW. by Sussex co. Pop. 6,480, of whom 2,853 were slaves. SURREY C. H., Surrey co. Va., 64 m. SE. by E. from Richmond. SURVEYORSVILLE, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C., 136 m. SW. by W. from Raleish. SUSQUEHANNAH, the largest r. of Pa., which is formed by the E. and W. branches. The E. rises in Otsego lake, N. Y., and the R2 W. in Huntingdon co. Pa. They unite at Nor thumberland. The river then runs SE. into the head of the Chesapeake in Md. It is IT m. wide at its mouth, but is navigable only 5 m. for sloops. Although this river carries considerably more water than either the Hudson or Connecticut, it is of no ad vantage at all for the purposes of navigation, except at hi. of Ten., bounded byBledsoe SE. Warren W. or Caney Fork river SW. Smith NW. Jackson N. and Overton NE. Length 40 m.,mean width 19. It is drained by the eastern branches of Caney Fork river. Chief town, Sparta. POD. 10 747, of whom 933 were slaves. WHI 559 WHITE, co. Ark., bounded N. by Inde pendence co., E. by Big Black river, S. by Pulaski, and W. by Con way cos. Chief town, Frankford. Pop. 829. WHITE, co. of II., bounded by Wabash river E. Gallatin co. S. Franklin and Jeffer son W. and Wayne and Edwards N. Length 42 m., width 20, area 800 sq. ms. It is chiefly drained by Little Wabash river. Chief town, Carmi. Pop. 7,9 19. WHITE, co. NW. part of Indiana, bounded N. by Newton and Pulaski, E. by Cass and Carroll, S. by Carroll and Tippe- canoe, and W. by Jasper. Watered by Tippecanoe r. and branches, Metamonong, WHITEHALL, v. in the northern part of reen co. II., 10 m. N, from Carrol ton, and 116 NW. from Van d alia ; has a number of stores, several taverns, 2 churches, and from 400 to 500 inhabitants. WHITEHAVEN, v. situated on the west, side of Grand Island, Erie co. N. Y. ; con tains a steam grist-mill, an extensive saw mill, and 40 or 50 houses. WHITEHAVEN, v. Somerset co. Md., 106 m. from Annapolis, and 143 from XV. C. WHITE HOUSE, v. Hunterdon co, N. J., 9 m. NW. by W. from Somerville, and 39 HI. N. from Trenton; a small place of 8 or 10 houses. WHITE LAKE, v. on the Newburgh turnpike road, Sullivan co. N. Y., 50 m. NW. by W. from Newbursh, and 122 m. NW. from Albany. WHITELEY, co. Ken., bounded by Ten. S. Wayne eo Ken. W. Rockcastle river NW. Knox NE. and Harlan E. Length 40 m., mean width 14. Cumberland river travers es it from SE. to NW. Chief town, Wil- liamsburg. Pop. 4,673, of whom 146 were slaves. WHITELEY, v. Whiteley co. Ken., 78 m. SSE. from Hartford, and 557 from W. C. WHITELEYSBURG, v. Kent co. Del., 22 m. SE. from Dover. WHITEMARSH,v. Montgomery co. Pa., about 12 m. N. from Philadelphia. The Whitemarsh has long been noted for its ele gant and variegated marble. WHITE MOUNTAINS, or 'White Hills, range of mountains, N. H., 18 or 20 m. long and 8 or 10 broad. The base of the mountains is about 25 m. SE. from Lancaster, and Mount Washington, the highest sum mit, is 70 m. in a right line N. from Con cord, 82 N. by W. from Portsmouth. Lon. 71 20' W. Lat. 44 15' N. In the western pass of these mountains there is a remarka ble gap, called the Notch. These nrountains are covered with snow 9 or 10 months in the year, and derive their name from their white appearance. They are seen many miles off at sea, and a person, when on their summit, has a distinct view of the Atlantic Ocean, the nearest part of which is 65 m. distant in a direct line. The limit of forest- trees is at the height' of 4,428 feet. The view from the summit of Mount Washing ton is wonderfully grand and picturesque. Innumerable mountains, lakes, ponds, rivers, towns and villages, meet the delighted eye, and the dim Atlantic stretches its waters along the eastern horizon. To the N. is seen the lofty summits of Adams and Jeffer son, and to the E. a little detached from the range stands Mount Madison. Mount Washington is supported on the N. by a high ridge which extends to Mount Jeffer son ; on the NE. by a large grassy plain, terminating in a vast spur extending far away in that direction ; E. by a promontory of no great extent, but which breaks off abruptly ; S. and SE. by a grassy plain, in summer, of more than 40 acres. The more 560 WHI elevated parts of these mountains are occa sionally subject to slides of earth, which sweep suddenly down their sides, and occa sion great damage. A serious calamity of this kind occurred at the Notch in August, 1826, to a family of the name of Willey, who occupied a dwelling in the narrowest part of the defile many miles from any other human habitation. At midnight, during a furious storm of rain, the mountain broke loose above them, and poured down in a torrent of earth, rocks, and trees. The family, aroused by the noise, immediately fled from the house, but were overtaken by the rushing mass, and swept to destruction. The roads and bridges along the valley were destroyedj 'he streams choked up, and heaps of earth, rocks, and trees, exhibited a fright ful picture of desolation. The following table exhibits the elevation of the several peaks, according to the mea surement of Capt. A. Partridge. Feet above Feet above the sea. the base. Mount Washington, . 6,234 . . . 4,464 2d peak, . 5,328 . . . 3,554 3d peak, . 5,058 . . . 2,288 4th peak, . 4,866 . . . 3,096 5th peak, . 4,711 ... 2,941 6th peak, . 4,356 . . . 2,586 Base of the mountains, 1,770 WHITE OAK, v. Rutherford co. N. C., 524 IT., from -W. C. WHITE OAK SPRING, v. Gibson co. In. WHITE -PIGEON, t. St. Joseph co. Mich., 150 m. a little S. of W. from Detroit, and 7 E. from Mottville. WHITE PLAINS, v. Fauquier co. Va., 117 m. from Richmond, and 60 from W. C. WHITE PLAINS, v. Granvilleco. N. C. ; contain? some 10 or 15 houses. WHITE PLAINS, v. White co. Ten. ; a small village of 8 or 10 dwellings. WHITE PLAINS, ts. and v. Westchester co. N. Y., 15 m. N. of Kingsbridge, and 30 of the city of New York, The village con tains the usual county buildings, several churches, 2 boarding-schools for girls, a printing-office, issuing a weekly paper, and some 60 or 70'dwellings. Pop. 1,087. WHITE PLAINS, v. Jackson co. Ten., 56 m. NE. from Murfreesborough. WHITE POST, v. Frederick co. Va., 10 m. SSE. from Winchester, and 78 a little N. of W. from W. C. WHITE RIVER, v. Lawrence co. Ark., 125 m. from Little Rock. WHITE RIVER, r. In., is the great south-eastern branch of the Wabash. It is formed by two branches, both rising about Lat. 40 N. and Lon. from W. C. 8 W. and near the western boundary of the state of Ohio. Flowing by a general course SW. about. 70 miles, the two branches unite, and continuing below their junction 30 miles, join the Wabash, between Knox and Gib son cos. at Lat. 30 27' N. WHITE RIVER, r. of Ark. and Miss., rises in the southern part of the latter, and northern part of the former, by 2 large branches, White river proper, or NW. branch, and Black river, or NE. branch. Both these rivers are navigable in seasons of high water, far above their junction. They unite in Arkansas, Lat. 35 50' N. and the stream flows thence nearly a S. course about 120 m. S. and falls into the Mississip pi river 30 m. above the mouth of Arkansas. White river is at all seasons navigable be low the mouth of Black river. The length of this stream, following either branch, is about 350 miles. WHITE RIVER, r. Vt,, rises in Kings ton, and runs into the Connecticut, at Hart ford. Length 50 miles. WHITE~ SAND, v. Lawrence co. Miss., 100 m. S. from Jackson. WHITESBOROUGH, v. and half shire town, Oheida co. N. Y., 4 m. NW. from Uti- ca. It is principally built on a single street, If m. long, and contains a handsome court house, a jail, an academy, a cotton manufac tory, various mechanic shops, and is a place of considerable trade. It has rising 100 dwell ings, many of which are spacious and elegant. WHITESBURG, v. in the W. part of Madison co. Ala., 10 m. W. from Huntsville. WHITE'S HAVEN, v. Northampton co. Pa., on the Lehigh river, 66 m. by the course of the river and canal from Easton, at the head of canal and slack water navi gation. Its location for business will no doubt make it a place of importance. It is connected with Wilkesbarre by a rail-road, 18 m. distant. The village contains several stores, various mechanic shops, 2 large hotels, and about 100 houses. WHITESTOWN, ts. Oneida co. N. Y., on the Mohawk, comprising the villages of Whitesborough and New Hartford. Pop. 5,156. WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, v. Green- brier co. Va. WHITESVILLE, t. and cap. Columbus co. N. C., 138 m. from Raleigh, and 460 from W. C., contains the usual county buildings, and has some trade. Pop. 462. WHITE WATER, r. rises in In., and receiving numerous tributaries, runs into the Miami, in Ohio, 5 m. above the junc tion of that river with the Ohio, 20 m. below Brookville. It is a beautiful, transparent stream. It has a rapid current, not easily navigable, but is well adapted to mills, and many are now erected. WHITE WOMAN'S RIVER, r. Ohio, is formed by the union of Mohiccan and Owl creeks, and flows into the Muskingum, at Coshocton. WHITING, ts. Washington co. Me., 152 m. ENE. from Augusta. WHITING, ts. Addison co. Vt., on Otter creek, 50 m. SW. from Montpelier, agricul ture is the chief employment of the inhabit ants. Pop. 659. WHITINGHAM, ts. Windham co. Vt., 52 m. S. from Windsor, a large number of sheep are kept here. Pop. 1,391. WHI WIL 561 WHITLEY, co. NE. part of Indiana, bounded N. by Noble, E. by Allen, S. by Huntingdon and Wabash, and W. by Kos- ciusko. Watered chiefly by the Eel river and its head branches. Pop. 1,237. WHITLEYSBURG, v. Kent co. Del., 28 m. from Dover, and 94 from W. C. WHITESVILLE, v. Duval co. Flor., 260 m. E. from Tallahasse, and 826 from W. C. \VHITLOCKSVILLE, v. Westchester co. N. V., 20 m. from Whiteplains, and 6 from Bedford, contains some 15 or 20 dwellings, &c. WICKFORD, v. in North Kingston, R. I., on Narraganset bay, 9 m. NW. from Newport. It is pleasantly situated, and contains about 100 dwelling-houses, 2 banks, an academy, with a building of 60 feet by 30, and about 60 students ; 3 churches, 1 each for Baptists, Episcopalians, and Qua kers. WICOMICO, r. Md., rises in Delaware, and falls into the Chesapeake, S. of the Nanticoke. WICONISCO, creek, Dauphin co. Pa., runs into the Susquehannah on the E. side, J4 m. above the Juni^tta. WICONISCO MOUNTAIN, Dauphin co. Pa., S. of Wiconisco creek. WIESESBURG, v. Baltimore co. Md., 8 m. W. of N. from Registerstown, and 24 N W. from the city of Baltimore. WIGHCOMICO, short navigable river, Md., flows into the Potomac, 35 m. from its mouth. WILBRAHAM, ts. Hampden co. Mass., 10 m. SE. from Springfield, 77 WSW. from Boston, contains the Wesleyan Academy in high repute, and various manufactures. Pop. 1,864. WILCOX, co. Ala.,- bounded N. by Dal las, E. by Montgomery, S. by Butler and Monroe, W. by Clarke and Marengo. Chief town, Canton. Pop. 15,278, of whom 9,294 were slaves. WILKES, co. Geo., bounded by Columbia and Warren SE. Green SW. Oglethorpe NW. Broad river or Jefferson and Lincoln cos. E. It is about 22 m. square. Chief town, Washington. Pop. 10,148, of whom 6,501 were slaves. WILKES, co. north-west corner of N. C., bounded N. by Asher, E. by Surrey, S. by Iredell and Burke, W. by Burke and Asher. Chief town, Wilkesborough. Pop. 12,577, of whom 1,430 were slaves, and 171 free colored. WILKESBARRE, t. and cap. Luzerne co. Pa., on the SE. side of the Susquehannah, 119 m. NW. from Philadelphia, 121 NE. from Harrisburg, 222 from W. C. It con tains a court-house, jail, church, bank, and academy. 2 printing offices, each issuing a weekly paper, 3 or 4 churches, a steam flour-mill, 15 or 20 general stores, numerous and various mechanics. In its immediate vicinity are inexhaustible quantities of stove coal, which is delivered to the doors of the inhabitants at a very low rate. It has V 2 canal communication with Philadelphia, and by rail-road and canal with N. J. A dreadful massacre was committed in this place during the American war, by the In dians under the command of Col. Butler. Pop. 2,500. WILKESBOROUGH, t. and cap. Wilkes co. N. C., situated on the right bank of the Yadkin river, 175 m. a little N. of W. from Raleigh, 400 from W. C., contains a court house, jail, and is a place of some trade. WILKINSON, co. SW. corner of Mis., bounded N. by Adams E. by Amity cos. S. by Louisiana and W. by the Mississippi r. Pop. 14,193, of whom 10,894 were slaves, Chief town, Woodville. WILKINSON, co. SW. part of Geo., bounded N. by Baldwin, E. by Washington, S. by Laurens, and W. by Twiggs cos. Pop. 6,842, of whom 1,886 were slaves. Chief town, Irwinton. WILKINSONVILLE, t. Randolph co. II., on the Ohio, about half-way between Fort Massac and the mouth of the Ohio. WILKINSONVILLE, v. Chesterfield co. Virginia. WILLET, ts. Cortlandt co. N. Y., 137 m. from Albany, 17 SE. from Cortlandtville. Pop. 872. WILLIAMS, NW. co. of Ohio, bounded N. by Michigan, E. by Henry co. S. by Paulding, and W. by the state of Indiana. It is above 25 m. long from N. to S. by 24 broad from E. to W . It is not settled. The principal waters are the St. Joseph's and Maumee rivers. Chief town, Defiance. Pop. 4,465. WILLIAMSBOROUGH. v. Greenville co. N. C., on the W. side of Nutbush creek, a branch of the Roanoke, 17m. W. from War- renton, about 37 W. by N. from Halifax, and 49 NE. from Hillsborough. WILLIAMSBURG, ts. N. from Sebec ri ver, Penobscot co. Me., 65 in. N. from Bel fast, 40 NNW. from Bangor, and 175 NNE. from Portland. Slate for" roofing houses is found here in abundance. Pop. 300. WILLIAMSBURG, ts. Hampshire co. Mass., 8 m. NW. from Northampton, 100 W. from Boston, contains 3 woollen-mills and manufactures of boots, shoes, leather, iron, hats, iron castings, axes, gimblets, screws, augers, punches, yarn, buttons, &c. Pop. 1,309. WILLIAMSBURG, v. Huntingdon co. Pa., 100 m. from Harrisburg, and 155 from W. C. WILLIAMSBURG, t. Talbot co. Md., 5 m. NE. from Easton. WILLIAMSBURG, v. Clermont co. O., 35 m. ENE. from Cincinnati, 65 W. by S. from Chillicothe. It contains a printing- office, several stores, 25 or 30 dwellings, &c. &c. WILLIAMSBURG, v. and cap. James City co. Va., 32 m. E. by S. from Richmond. This town was once the capital of the state, but is now much decayed from its former importance. It still contains William and. 562 WIL Mary College, which was founded here in 1693. It has 7 instructors and 60 or 70 students. The libraries have 4,200 vol umes. It has one vacation of nearly four months, from July to October. Commence ment is in July. WILLIAMSBURG, v. and cap. Whitely co. Ken., 130 m. from Frankfort, and 560 from W. C., contains a court-house, jail, and some 15 or 20 houses. WILLIAMSBURG, t. Mason co. Ken., a small village of some 10 or 15 dwellings, 75 m. from Frankfort. WILLIAMSBURG, district, S.C., bound ed N. by Marion, E. by Georgetown, S. by Charleston, and W. by Sumter cos. Chief town, Kingstree. Pop. 10,327, of whom 6,968 were slaves. WILLIAMSBURG, t. Williamsburg dis trict, S. C., 72 m. NNE. from Charleston. WILLIAMSBURG, v. Jackson co. Ten., on N. side of the Cumberland, about 15 m. ENE. from Carthage. Six miles NE. of this village there is a valuable salt-spring, where large quantities of salt are made. It is 75 m. from Nashville. WILLIAMSBURG, v. Kings co. N. Y., on the W. end of Long Island, opposite the city of New York. It is a place of consider able business, and increasing rapidly in population. WILLIAMSBURG, v. Washington co. Pa., on the United States road, 3 m. SE. from the borough of Washington. WILLIAMSBURG, v. Northampton co. Pa., 16 m. N. from Easton. WILLIAMSBURG, v. Columbia co. Pa., on Fishing creek, 13 m. NE. from Danville. WILLIAMSBURG, t. and cap. Coving- ton co. Miss., situated on a branch of Leaf river, 120 m. E. from Natchez, and 83 SE. from Jackson, contains the usual buildings and has some trade. WILLIAMSBURG, t. and cap. of Terre Bonne parish, La., about 60 or 70 m. SW. from New Orleans. WILLIAMSON, ts. Wayne co. N. Y., on S. side of lake Ontario, 20 m. N. from Canan- daigua. Pop. 2,147. WILLIAMSON, co. W. Ten., bounded N. by Davidson, E. by Rutherford, S. by Bedford and Maury, and W. by Hickman cos. Pop. 27,006, of whom 11,251 were slaves, and 114 free colored. WILLIAMSPORT, bor. and cap. Lycom- ing co. Pa., on W^ branch of the Susque- hannah, 38 m. abofe Northumberland, 2h E. from Newbury, and 190 from W. C. It contains a court-house, jail, bank, several churches, a number of stores, various me chanics, and is a place of considerable trade and importance. Pop. 1,500. WILLIAMSPORT, t. Washington co. Md., on the Potomac, 6 m. W. from Eliza- bethtown. WILLIAMSPORT, v. Harrison co. 0., a small village of 12 or 15 houses. WILLIAMSPORT, v. Northampton co. Pa., on the S. side of Lehigh river, opposite Easton. The Delaware canal passes be tween the town and the river. WILLIAMSPORT, v. Washington co. Pa., at the junction of Pigeon creek with the Monongahela, 18 m. E. of the borough of Washington, and 192 W. from Harrisburg. It contains about 100 dwellings, and has an extensive manufactory of window glass. WILLIAMSPORT, v. and cap. Warren co. In., 95 m. from Indianapolis, and 668 from W. C., contains the usual county build ings, several stores, and is a pleasant and flourishing town. WILLIAMS' RIVER, r. Vt., rises in Chester, and runs into the Connecticut, 3 m. N. from Bellows Falls. WILLIAMSTON, 1. and cap. Martin co. N. C., on the Roanoke, 50 m. SE. from Hali fax, and 277 from W. C., contains a court house, jail, and some 15 or 20 houses. WILLIAMSTOWN, ts. Orange co. V:., 11 m. S. from Montpelier. This is a moun tainous township, and has a good soil. Pop. 1,620. WILLIAMSTOWN, ts. Berkshire county, Mass., 28 m. N. from Lenox, and 135 W. by N. from Boston. If is situated in NW. corner of the State, having Saddle Mountain on the E. and hills which separate it from New York on the W., being in a beautiful vale. Hossack river flows through the NE. part. It is a fine agricultural town, and contains 2 Congregational meeting-houses, a college, and some manufacturing establish ments. Williams College, at this place, was founded in 1793 ; it is a respectable and flourishing institution ; the buildings are, 2 brick edifices 4 stories high, and a laboratory. The libraries contain about 4,000 volumes ; the number of students ranges from 100 to 150. Lectures are given on chemistry, ma thematics and natural philosophy, languages, and divinity. There are 3 terms in a year. Term bills, including tuition, room rent, li brary, &c.. are usually less than $10. Board is usually $2 a week. Commencement is held on the first Wednesday in September. There are 3 vacations ; the first, from commence ment 4 weeks ; the second, from the 4th Wednesday in December 6 weeks; the third, from the 3d Wednesday in May, 3 weeks. It also contains 1 cotton and 2 woollen-milk, and various other manufactures. Pop. 2,153. WILLIAMSTOWN, ts. and v. Oswego co. N. Y., W. of Camden. The village contains some 10 or 15 dwellings. Pop. 842. WILLIAMSTOWN, v. and cap. Grant co. Ken., 44 m. from Frankfort, and 520 from W. C., contains the usual county buildings, and some 20 or 30 houses. WILLIAMSTOWN, v. Lancaster co. Pa.. 13 m. N. from the city of Lancaster, and 47 E. from Harrisburg. WILLIAMSVILLE, v. Jefferson co. N. Y., on Black river, opposite Watertown, contains several mills, and about 50 dwell ings. WILL! AMSVILLE, v. on Ellicott's creek, . WIL 563 Erie co. N. Y., 12 m.NE.from Buffalo, con tains some 50 or 60 dwellings. WILLIAMSVILLE, v. Chesterfield co. Va., 43 m. from Richmond. WILLIAMSVILLE, v. Person cq. N. C., 68 m. from Raleiafh, and 260 from W. C. WILLIAMSVILLE, v. Christian county, Ken., contains some 8 or 10 dwellings. WILLIMANTIC, rapids in Connecticut r. Mass., about a mile below South Had- ley canal. They are avoided by opening a channel a mile in length on the western shore. WILLIMANTIC, r. Ct., a principal branch of the Shetucket, which it joins N. of Lebanon. WILLIMANTIC, v. Windham co. Con., 3 m. from Windham, and 24 E. from Hart ford. It contains 7 or 8 large valuable manufactories, and is a flourishing place. Pop. about 2,000. WILLING'S CREEK, r. Mis., runs into the Mississippi, Lon. 91 21' W. Lat. 30 49' N. WELLINGTON, v. Abbeville district, S. C. WILLINGTON, ts. Tolland co. Ct., 8 m. E. from Tolland, 26 NE. Hartford ; contains an abundance of granite and iron ore. Pop. 1,266. WILLIS'S CREEK, r. Va., runs into the James river, Lon. 78 18' W. Lat. 37 40' N. WILLISTON, t. Chittenden co. Vt., 8 m. ESE. from Burlington, and 27 from Mont- pelier, and is very productive of all the va rieties common to the climate. Pop. 1,554. WILLOUGHBY, t. Lincoln co. U. C., on Niagara river, just above the falls. WILLOUGHBY, t. Effingham co. Geo., 130 m. in a direct line SE. from Milledge- ville. WILLOUGHBY, v. Cuyahoga co. II., 19 m. NE. from Cleveland, and 158 from Co lumbus ; has 2 churches, 8 or 10 stores, sev eral taverns, 2 tanneries, a medical school, and is a flourishing village. WILLOUGHBY LAKE, lake, in Essex co. Vt. WILLOW GROVE, v. Montgomery co. Pa., 112m. from Harrisburs, and 150 from W. C.; a small village of 10 or 15 houses. WILLOW GROVE, v. Sumpter district, S. C. WILLSBOROUGH, ts. and v. Essex co. N. Y., on lake Champlain, S. from Chester field ; the village contains iron- works, sev eral mills, and about 60 dwellings. Pop. 1,658. WILL'S CREEK, r. rises in Pa., and runs S. by W. into the Potomac, at Cumber land, in Maryland. WILLSHIRE, v. Van Wert co. Ohio, 131 m. NW. from Columbus, on Mary's river ; a small place of some 10 or 12 dwellings. WILLTOWN, v. Colleton district, S. C., 115 m. from Columbia, and 580 from W. C. ; a small village of 10 or 15 houses. WILMINGTON, ts. Windham co. Vt., 21 m. E. from Bennington ; contains a number of mills, and a pleasant village. Pop. 757. WILMINGTON, ts. and v. Essex co. N. Y., 20 m. NW. from Elizabethtown; the village contains several forges and stores, &c. Pop. 928. WILMINGTON, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 16 m. N. from Boston; agriculture is the chief employment of the inhabitants, and great attention is paid to the culture of hops, of which about 540,000 pounds are raised annually. Pop. 859. WILMINGTON, city and port of entry, Newcastle co. Del., between the Brandy- wine and Christiana creeks, 1 m. above their confluence, and 2 W. from the Dela ware, 5 N. from Newcastle, 28 SW. from Philadelphia, 72 NE. from Baltimore, and 110 from W. C. Lon. 77 34' W. Lat. 39 43' N. The position of the town is high, airy, and pleasant ; it is regularly laid out, the streets crossing each other at right an- ffles. It is supplied with water from the Brandywine, by water-works, like those of Philadelphia. The city contains a town- hall, 2 market-houses, 4 banks, a spacious alms-house of stone, a U. S. arsenal, and 13 houses of public worship, viz. 3 for Epis copalians, 3 for Presbyterians, 3 for Metho dists, 2 for Friends, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Roman Catholics. The Christiana admits vessels drawing 14 feet of water to the town, and those of 8 feet can ascend 8 m. further. The Brandywine has 8 feet of water to the mills. This town owns more than 10,000 tons of shipping. Its staple article of ex port is flour. There is a bridge over the Brandywine, and one over the Christiana, connecting it on each side with the beautiful surrounding country, in which it is situated. The celebrated Brandywine flour-mills are in a village a little distant from the town. These flour-mills were formerly the most numerous and important in the U. S. Those in Rochester, New York, now vie with them. Within 10 m. of Wilmington there are at least 100 important manufactories, rendering it the largest manufacturing dis trict in the Atlantic states S. of Philadelphia. The principal articles manufactured are flour, cotton, wool, paper, iron castings, and powder. The celebrated powder manufac tory of E. I. Dupont is on the Brandywine, near Wilmington. The Brandywine Chaly beate Springs are likewise within 5 m. of Wilmington, situated in a highly romantic and rural country. The building for the accommodation of boarders will bear com parison with any similar establishment in the U. S. It is a place of great resort for invalids and people of fashion during the warm season. Among the private semina ries are three Friends' boarding-schools, two for boys, and one for young ladies, of long- established celebrity ; there are several other schools of the first order that accommodate both boarding and day scholars. The whole number of schools is about 40, most of which are taught by females. A Catho- 564 WIL WIN lie charity school for the education of or phans is among the number. There are 4 printing-offices in the town, from which are issued 4 periodical papers, 2 semi- weekly and 2 weekly. There is likewise a public library of 2,200 volumes. Wilmington car ries on a brisk trade with Philadelphia; two steam-boats run daily between the two cities, and a third runs between Wilmington and New Jersey. The Philadelphia and Baltimore rail-road passes through the city. It contains a large number of stores of al most every description, from which goods may be bought, at retail, on as good or better trms than in Philadelphia. Pop. 8,367. WILMINGTON, t. port of entry, and cap. New Hanover co. N. C., on the E. side of Cape Fear river, just below the confluence of the NE. and NW. branches, about 35 m. from the sea, 90 SE. from Fayetteville, 93 SSW. from Newbern, and 416 from W. C. Lon. 78 10' W. Lat. 34 11' N. It con tains a court-house, a jail, an academy, 2 banks, a printing-office, an Episcopal and a Presbyterian church. The exports from this town some years exceed 1,000,000 of dollars. It is well situated for trade, but is accounted unhealthy. The harbor admits vessels of 300 tons, but the entrance is ren dered dangerous and difficult by a large shoal. Opposite the town are two islands, which extend with the course of the river, dividing it into 3 channels. Pop. 4,744. WILMINGTON, isl. near the coast of Georgia, at the mouth of the Savannah river. Lat. 32 N. WILMINGTON, v. and cap. McCracken co. Ken., near the junction of the Ohio and Mississippi, 290 m. from Frankfort, and 830 from W. C. ; contains the usual county buildings, and is a place of some trade. WILMINGTON, t. and cap. Clinton co. Ohio, 50 m. W. from Chillicothe, 54 NE. from Cincinnati, 60 SW. from Columbus, and 444 from W. C. It was laid out in 1810, and is a flourishing town, containing a court-house, a jail, 12 or 15 stores, 4 churches, a printing-office, about 100 dwell ings, &c. WILMOT, ts. Merrimack co. N. H., 29 m. NW. from Concord. Here are a num ber of good mill sites. Pop. 1,212. WILNA, ts. Jefferson co. N. Y. 17 m. NE. from Watertown. Pop. 2,591. WILSON, ts. Niagara co. N. Y. Pop. 1,753. WILSON, co. West Ten., on the S. side of Cumberland river, bounded N. by Sum- ner, E. by Smith, S. by Rutherford, and W. by Davidson cos. Chief town, Lebanon. Pop. 24,460, of whom 5,988 were slaves. WILSON, v. Anderson co. Ten., 130 m. in a direct line from Nashville. WILSON HILL, v. Shelby co. Ala., 133 in. NNE. from Cahawba. WILSONVILLE, v. in the NW. part of Pike co. Pa., 25 m. NW. by W. from Mil- ford. WILSONVILLE, v. in the S. part of Bath co. V a ., 178 m. NW. by W. from Richmond. WILSONVILLE. v. Lincoln co. N. C., 182 m, SW. by W. from Raleigh. WILTON, ts. Franklin co. Me., 35 m. NW. from Augusta, 200 NNE. from Boston, and 38 WNVV. from Augusta ; has a fertile soil, and 2 pleasant villages. Pop. 2,198. WILTON, ts. Hillsborough co. N. H., 9 m. WSW. from Amherst, 40 SSW. from Concord ; contains 2 or 3 pleasant villages, and some valuable manufactures. Pop. 1,033. WILTON, ts. Fairfield co. Ct., 7 m. N. from Norwalk. Here is an academy. Agri culture is the chief employment of the in habitants. WILTON, ts. and v. Saratoga co. N. Y., 44 m. NW. from Albany. The village con tains some 6 or 8 dwellings. Pop. 1,438. WINCHENDON, ts. Worcester co. Mass., 33 m. NNW. from Worcester, and 60 NW. from Boston; contains 2 pleasant villages, a woollen-mill, and manufactures of cotton bobbin, leather, &c. Pop. 7,497. WINCHESTER, ts. Cheshire co. N. H., 13 m. SSW. from Keene, 70 WSW. from Concord ; contains several churches, 2 organ manufactories, a large woollen-facto ry, cotton and sattinet-factory, an oil-mill, and is a flourishing place. Pop. 2,065. WINCHESTER, ts. Litchfield co. Ct., 15 m. N. of Litchfield ; contains 2 pleasant villages and has considerable trade. WINCHESTER, v. Green co. Ohio, on Anderson's creek, 7 m. from Xenia; a small villase of some 10 or 15 houses. WINCHESTER, v. Guernsey co. Ohio, 33 m. NNE. from Zanesville, 45 m. W. from Wheeling; contains some 20 or 25 houses. WINCHESTER, v. Morgan co. II., 130 m. from Vandalia, and 852 from W. C. ; contains 2 churches, several stores, various mechanics, 300 or 400 inhabitants, and in creasing rapidly. Excellent lime-stone is found here. WINCHESTER, city and cap. Frederick co. Va., 30 m. SW. from Harper's Ferry, 70 WNW. from W. C., 95 NE. from Staunton, and 150 NNW. from Richmond. Lon. 77 28' W. Lat. 39 16' N. It is pleasantly situated, regularly laid out in squares, is a handsome and flourishing town, and con tains a court-house, a jail, an alms-house, a market-house, as well as a freemasons' hall, 2 banks, 2 academies, 1 for males and 1 for females, 2 printing-offices, from each of which is issued a weekly newspaper, and 6 houses of public worship, for Presbyterians, Episcopalians, German Lutherans, Baptists, Methodists, and Roman Catholics. The principal street is well paved, and the town well built, a large part of the houses being of brick. It is supplied with excellent water by an aqueduct. Near the town there are several medicinal springs ; in the vicinity there are a number of flour mills. It has a WIN 565 large number of manufactories and work shops, and being central to many mineral springs, and a place noted for its salubrity and pleasantness, it is a summer resort for strangers. A rail-road connects this place with Harper's Ferry, and thence to Balti more. Pop. 3,454. WINCHESTER, v. Adams co. 0., 80 m. SW. from Columbus; has a carding-ma- chine, and fulling-mill, and some 20 or 25 houses. WINCHESTER, v. Preble co. 0., 9 m. SE. from Eaton ; contains 2 churches, about 60 dwellings, &c. WINCHESTER, t. and oap. Clarke co. Ken., on a branch of Licking river, 16 m. SSE. from Paris, and 530 from W. C. Here is a printing-office. WINCHESTER, t. and cap. Franklin co. Ten., on Elk river, about 35 m. E. by N. from Fayetteville, and 687 m. from W. C. WINCHESTER, v. and cap. of Randolph co. In., 97 m. from Indianapolis, and 523 from W. C. WINCHESTER, v. and seat of justice, Wayne co. Miss., on Oaktibbehan, branch of Pascasoula riv.er, 180 m. E. from Nat chez, and 150 NE. from New Orleans. Lat. 31 39' N. WLNDHAM, ts. Cumberland co. Me., 76 m. SW. from Augusta; contains 2 pleas ant villages, some manufactures, and seve ral beautiful fish-ponds. Pop. 2,303. WINDHAM, co. SE. part of Vt., bound ed N. by Windsor co. E. by Connecticut river, S. by Massachusetts, and W. by Ben- ninston eo. Chief town, Newfane. Pop. 27,442. WINDHAM, ts. Windham co, Vt., 25 m. SW. from Windsor. Various minerals are found here. Pop. 757. WINDHAM, ts. Rockingham co. N. H., 34 m. NNW. from Boston, and 40 WSW. from Portsmouth. This ts. is watered by Beaver river. Pop. 926. WINDHAM, co. Ct., bounded N. and E. by Massachusetts, S. by New London co. and W. by Tolland co. Pop. 28,080. Chief town, Brooklyn. WINDHAM, ts. Windham co. Ct., 12 m. NNW. from Norwich, 31 E. from Hartford, and 365 from W. C. It is watered by the Shetucket, and has 2 considerable villages, one called Windh^futown, and the other Williamantie, or the State ; in the latter are 7 or 8 large manufactories of cotton, from which has sprung this nourishing village. Pop. 3,382. WINDHAM, ts. and v. Green co. N. Y., 39 m. S from Albany, the village contains some 20 or 25 dwellings. Pop. 2,417. WINDHAM, v. Portage co. Ohio, 148 m. NE. from Columbus, has a post-office, and a few dwellings. WINDSOR, ts. Kennebeck co. Me., 36 m. from Portland, and 12 from Augusta; here are some manufactures. Pop. 1,789. WINDSOR, co. E. side of Vt., bounded N. by Orange co., E. by Connecticut river, S. by Windham co., and W. by Rutland and Addison cos. Chief towns, Windsor and Woodstock. Pop. 40,356. * WINDSOR, ts. Windsor co. Vt., on W. bank of the Connecticut, 18 m. S. from Dartmouth College, 61 m. S. from Montpe- lier, 112 NW. from Boston, 126 N. from Hartford, 463 from W. C. It is a very pleasant, handsome, and nourishing town ship, one of the largest in the state, and has considerable trade. It contains a court house, a state prison, an academy for young ladies, and 3 handsome houses of public worship, for Congregationalists, Baptists, and Episcopalians. The academy is a respectable institution, and has from 70 to 100 pupils. The building is of brick, 2 stories high. Pop. 2,774. WINDSOR, ts. Hillsborough co. N. H., 28 m. WSW. from Concord ; considerable attention is paid here to agriculture, for which they have a pleasant soil. Pop. 177. WINDSOR, ts. Berkshire co. Mass., 20 m. NE. from Lenox, 120 W. from Boston, much attention is paid to the dairy and the rearing of sheep, chiefly of the Merino blood. Pop. 879. WINDSOR, ts. Hartford co. Ct., on W. side of the Connecticut, 7 m. N. from Hart ford. It is a pleasant township, and has an academy, 4 paper-mills, 2 manufactories for cotton batting, and factories of sattinet, Kentucky jane, wire, &c. Pop. 2,383. WINDSOR, t. and cap. Bertie co. N. C., on the Cashie, 23 m. WSW. from Edenton, 280 from W. C. WINDSOR, ts. and v. S. part of Broome co. N. Y., 15 m. SE. from Binghampton, and 128 SSW. from Albany ; the village, on the right bank of the Susquehannah, con tains 2 churches, several stores, several mills, and about 70 dwellings. Pop. 2,368. WINDSOR RIVER, r. Ct., which runs into the Connecticut, 4 m. N. from Hart ford. WINDWARD ISLANDS, such of the Caribbean, in the West Indies, as commence at Martin ico, and extend to Tobasro. WINEBAGO RIVER, r. Wis. Territory, which runs from Winnebago lake to Green bay in lake Michigan. WINEE, or Black river, r. S. C., which rises near Camden, and runs SE. into the Great Pedee, 3 m. above Georgetown. WINFIELD, ts. and v. Herkimer co. N. Y., 15 m. SW. from Herkimer, 10 S. from Utica. The village contains 25 or 30 dwell ings. Pop. 1,652. WINFIELD, t. Marlborough district, S. C. WINHALL, ts. Bennington co. Vt., about 60 m. NE. from Albany in N. Y., and 25 m. W. from Bellows Falls, and 33 SW. from Windsor. Surface rough. Pop. 576. WINNEBAGO, co. Illinofs, bounded N. by Wisconsin territory, E. by Boone, S. by Ogle, and W. by Stephenson co. Rock river passes through it from north to south ; Peeka- tonokee comes in on its western border, 566 WIN WOO Kishwaukee waters its south-eastern part, besides some smaller streams. The timber ialin groves and detached portions, and the prairies undulating and abundantly rich. Rockford is the chief town. Pop. 4,609. WINNIPEG LAKE, N. America, the source of the highest branch of the Missis sippi river. Lon. 95 8' W. Lat. 47 16' N. WINNIPISEOGEE LAKE, N. H., in Strafford co., 20 m. long, and 8, where wid est, broad. It is a beautiful lake, of a very irregular form, and contains a number of islands. WINNIPISEOGEE, r. N. H., runs from lake Winnipiseogee into the Merrimack, S. of San born ton. WINNSBOROUGH, t. and cap. Fairfield co. S. C., 8 m. W. of the Wateree, 30 m. NNW. from Columbia, and 145 NNW. from Charleston. It contains a court-house and a jail. WINSLOW, ts. Kennebeck co. Me., on the Kennebeek, opposite Waterville, 16 m. N. from Augusta, and 196 NNE. from Bos ton. Its water-power is constant and abun dant. Pop. 1,722. WINSTON, co. Mis., bounded N. by Oktibbeha, E. by Noxabee, S. by Nashaba, and W. by Leake cos. Chief town, Louis ville. Pop. 4,650, of whom 1,589 were slaves. WINTHROP, ts. Kennebeck co. Me., 11 m. W. from Augusta, and 160 NNE. from Boston. It is a considerable and nourish ing township, and has manufactures of cot ton and wool, and also of copperas. Pop. 1,915. WINTON, cap. Hertford co. N. C., on the Chowan, 35 m. NNW. from Edenton. It contains but a few houses, a court-house and jail. WINTON, v. Herkimer co. N. Y., 20 m. NE. from Herkimer, contains a very exten sive tannery, 2 furnaces, several mills, a brewery, and some 50 or 60 dwellings. WINYAW BAY, S. C., formed by the junction of the Pedee, Wakkamaw and Wi- nee. It is 12 m. long. WISCASSET, t. port of entry, and cap. Lincoln co. Me., on W. side the Sheepscot, 8 m. NE. from Bath, 43 NE. from Portland, 160 NE. from Boston, and 600 from W. C. Lon. 90 40' W. Lat. 43 N. It is pleasantly situated, and contains a court-house, a jail, a meeting-house, an academy, 2 banks, an insurance office, and has considerable trade. The harbor is rarely frozen. Pop. 2,314. WISCONSIN, r. Wis. Territory, rises at Lat. 46 N. and between Lon. 12 and 13 W. from W. C.j interlocking with the Me- nomonie of Green bay, and with the south ern rivers of lake Superior. It thence flows S. to about Lat. 43 45', where it ap proaches so very near Fox river of Green bay, as to leave only a portage of one mile and a half. Below the portage the Wiscon sin turns to SW. by W. and falls into Mis sissippi, about 5 m. below Prairie du Chien, at Lat. 43 N. This stream forms one of the great natural channels of communica tion between the St. Lawrence and Missis sippi basins. Though generally rapid in its current, it is unimpeded by cataracts, or even dangerous shoals. The entire length by comparative courses is 350 miles, nearly one- half of which distance is below the portage, WISCONSIN TERRITORY. See page 153. WISESBURG, v. Baltimore eo. Md., 25 m, NW. from Baltimore. WOBURN, ts. Middlesex co. Mass., 10 m. N. from Boston, and 12 from Concord. Here are some manufactures. Pop. 2,993. WOHLEBERSTOWN, v. Berks co. Pa., 27 m. a little N. of W. from Reading. WOLCOTT, ts. Lamoille co. Vt., 28 m. N. from Montpelier, contains a few mills-, and a large number of sheep. Pop. 910. WOLCOTT, ts. New Haven co. Ct., 23 m. N. from New Haven. The lands are ele vated and roush. Pop. 633. WOLCOTT, ts. and v. Wayne co. N. Y., on S. side of lake Ontario, 200 m. W. from Albany. The village contains a furnace, several mills, and 80 houses. Pop. 2,481. WOLCOTTSVILLE, v. Litchfield co. Ct., 26 m. WNW. from Hartford, contains an ex tensive woollen factory, a church, an acade my, and a number of handsome dwellings. WOLFEBOROUGH, ts. Carrol co. N. H., on the NE. side of lake Winnipiseogee, 50 m. NNW. from Portsmouth. Here is a mineral spring of some note. It also con tains a handsome village, and has some trade; Pop. 1,918. WOLF ISLAND, small isl. in the Atlan tic, near the coast of Georgia. Lon. 81 30' W. Lat. 31 19'N. WOLFTOWN, v. Madison co. Va., 92m, from Richmond, and 110 from W. C. WOLF ISLAND, or Grand isl. at NE. end of lake Ontario. Lon. 75 50' W. Lat. 44 N. WOLF RIVER, r. Ten., runs into the Mississippi, N. of Chickasaw Bluff. WOLF RIVER, r. La., runs into the Mississippi, 464 m. from the Missouri. WOLF RIVER, r. Mis., runs S. into the gulf of Mexico, 22 m. E. from Pearl river. Length 140 m. It forms a considerable bay at its mouth, called St. Louis's bay. WOLFESVILLE, v. in the northern part of Frederick co. Md., ^4 m. NNW. from W. C. WOMELSDORF, v. Berks co. Pa., 68 m. WNW. from Philadelphia. WOOD, co. NW. part of Va., bounded NE. by Ohio and Harrison cos. SE. by Har rison and Kenhawa cos. SW. by Kenhawa and Mason counties, and NW. by the Ohio. Pop. 7,923, of whom 624 were slaves. Chief town, Parkersburg. WOOD, northern co. of the New Pur chase, Ohio, bounded N. by Michigan, E. by Sandusky and Seneca, S. by Hancock, and W. by Henry cos. It is 31 m. long from N. to S. by 24 broad from E. to W. Chief town, Perrysburg. Pop. 5,357. woo 567 WOOD CREEK, r. N. Y., runs N. into S. end of lake Champlain. Length 23 m. WOOD CREEK, r. Oneida co. N. Y., runs W. into Oneida lake. It is con nected with the Mohawk by a canal, li m. long, and navigable for boats of 12 or 15 tons. WOODBURN, v. Sullivan co. N. Y., on the Neversink river, contains several mills, and 12 or 15 dwellings. WOOD ISLAND, small fcl. near the coast of Maine, 15 m. NE. from Cape Porpoise. Lon. 70 24' W. Lat. 43 26' N. WOODBRIDGE, ts. New Haven co. Ct,, 7 m. NW. from New Haven, large quanti ties of butter and cheese are made here and sent to New Haven market, and much at tention is paid to the growing of wool. Pap. 958. WOODBRIDGE, ts. and v. Middlesex co. N. J., W. of Arthur Kull sound, 3 m. NNW. from Amboy. The village contains an Episcopal and Presbyterian church. WOODBRIDGE, v. Fayette co. Pa., 10 m. SSW. from Uniontown. It contains about 30 houses. WOODBERRY, v. Bedford co. Pa., 15 m. N. from the boro. of Bedford, and 114 S. of VV. from Harrisbunr. WOODBURY, ts. Caledonia co. Vt., 19 m. NE. from Montpelier, has a large num ber of ponds well stored with various kinds offish. Pop. 814. WOODBURY, ts. Litchfield co. Ct., 16 m. S. from Litchfield, containing 3 sattinet, one tin, and 2 nail factories, and is a place of some business. Pop. 1,948. WOODBURY, t. and cap. Gloucester co. N. J., 9 m. S. from Philadelphia. It con tains a court-house, a jail, an academy, a Quaker and Presbyterian meeting-houses, and upwards of 100 houses. WOODFORD, ts. Bennington co. Vt., 8 m. E. from Bennington, a great part of this ts. is too elevated for cultivation. Pop. 487. WOODFORD, co. central part of Ken., bounded N. by Scott E. by Fayette and Jes samine, S. by Mercer, and W. by Anderson cos. Pop. 11,740, of whom 6,952 were slaves. Chief town,VersaiHes. WOODHULL, ts. Steuberico. N. Y., 236 m. from Albany, 293 from W. C. Pop. 827. WOODSBOROUGR, t. Frederick co. Md., 1 1 m. NE. from Frederickton. WOODSFIELD, t. and cap. Monroe co. Ohio, 31 m. SW. from St. Clairsville, 35 m. N. from Marietta, 294 from W. C., contains a court-house, jail, several stores, about 50 dwellings, and increasing in population. WOODS, Lake o/tfie,lake ofN. America, 90 m. long, and 30 where broadest, but very irregular in its shape. It lies between the "Winnipeg and lake Superior, chiefly in U. C., but the S. part is in the territory of the U. S. The lands on its banks are covered with oaks, pines, firs, &c. WOODSONVILLE, v. Hart co. Ken., 105 m. from Frankfort. WOODSTOCK, ts. Oxford co. Me., 8 m. N. from Paris, and 42 W. from Augusta. It is mountainous. Pop. 819. WOODSTOCK, v. Macaupin co. II., 82 m. from Vandalia ajid 863 from W. C. WOODSTOCK, ts. and cap. Windsor co. Vt., 14 m.' NW. from Windsor, 47 S. from Montpelier. Here is a pleasant and hand some village, situated on the Waterqueechy, containing a court-house, a jail, and a Con gregational meeting-house, and it has some trade, and a number of manufactories. Pop. 3,315. WOODSTOCK, ts. Windham co. Ct., 6 m. N. from Pomfret, 40 ENE. from Hart ford. It consists of 3 parishes, is a valuable agricultural town, and contains an academy, 4 woollen and 4 cotton factories, and 800 or 900 persons are engaged in the shoe-making business at this place. Pop. 3,053. WOODSTOCK, t. and cap. Shenandoah co. Va., 12 m. SSW. from Strasbtrrg, 30 SSW. from Winchester. It is a pleasant town, and contains a handsome stone court house, a jail, an academy, a market-house, 4 houses of public worship, for German Lutherans, Presbyterians, Episcopalians, and Methodists, and about 600 inhabitants, WOODSTOCK, v. Beaufort eo. N. C., 148 m. from Raleigh, and 322 from W. C. WOODSTOCK, ts. and v. Ulster co. N. Y., 14 m. NW. from Kingston, the village contains 3 churches, several mills, and 15 or 20 dwellinss. Pop. 1,691. . WOODSTOWN, v. Salem co. N. J. It is a pleasant place, contains several stores, 2 churches, about 150 dwellings, &c. WOODVILLE, v, Jefferson co. N. Y., 158 m. NW. from Albany, contains some 30 or 40 dwellings. WOODVILLE, v. in the western angle of Culpeper co. Va., 98 m. SW. by W. from W. C., and 128 NNW. from Richmond. WOODVILLE, v. on Pamunky r. Han over co. Va., 30 m. a little W. of N. from Richmond. WOODVILLE, v. Perquimans co. N. C., 231 m. NE. by E. from Raleigh. WOODVILLE, v. Warren co. Ten., about 20 m. E. from Murfreesborough. WOODVILLE, v. Henry co. Ala., 276 m. from Tuscaloosa, and 888 from W. C. WOODVILLE, v. Jackson co. Ala., 186 m. from Tuscaloosa, and 708 from W. C. WOODVILLE, v. Plaquemines co. La., 30 m. from New Orleans, and 1,233 from W. C. WOODVILLE, v. and seat of justice, Wilkinson co. Mis., 38 m. a little E. of S. from Natchez. The vicinity of Woodville. watered by the branches of Buffalo and Bayou Sara, is one of the most productive cotton tracts in Mississippi and Louisiana. Distance from W. C. 1,182 m. Pop. about 700. WOODVILLE, v. Butler co. Pa., on the turnpike road from Pittsburg to the borough of Butler, 9 m. from the latter. WOOLWICH, ts. Lincoln co. Me., on 568 WOO WYS the Kennebeck, opposite Bath, 7 m. W. from Wiscasset, 152 NE. from Boston, 620 from W. C. The navigable privileges of this place are valuable. Pop. 1,416. WOONSOCKET FALLS, v. in the towns of Smithfield and Cumberland, Providence, R. I. See Smithfield, R. I. WOOSTER, t. and cap. Wayne co. Ohio, at the head of navigation, on the Killbuck, 45 m. S. from lake Erie, 65 N. from Zanes- ville, 123 W. from Pittsburg, 370 from W. C. It is regularly laid out, and contains 2 banks, a land-office, 20 or 25 stores, 5 churches, 6 taverns, 3 printing-offices, up wards of 150 dwellings, and is a place of considerable business. Two m. NW. of the town a well for salt waier has been sunk 280 feet deep. It furnishes very salt water in large quantities. Pop. 1,913. WORCESTER, ts. Washington co. Vt., 10 m. N. from Montpelier, and 30 E. by S. from Burlington. It has good water power, which is used for various purposes. Pop. 587. WORCESTER, t. and cap. Worcester co. Mass., 39 m. NNW. from Providence, 40 W. by S. from Boston, 295 from W. C. It contains an elegant court-house, a jail, a bank, 2 paper-mills, 8 woollen and 3 cotton- mills, an air and cupola furnace, 9 woollen machinery factories, 3 tin factories, and manufactures of coaches, chaises, ploughs, straw-bonnets, &c., amounting annually to upwards of $1,000,000. It also contains 2 printing-offices, from each of which is issued a weekly newspaper, and 3 or 4 houses of public worship, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. It is pleasantly situated, and is the largest inland town in New Eng land, and is a place of much wealth and trade. The principal street is upwards of a mile in length. The town is handsomely built, and the neighboring country is very pleasant and well cultivated. Here is the library of the American Antiquarian Society, consisting of 12,000 volumes. A State In sane Asylum has recently been established here. A cattle show is held here annually. It has a communication with the waters of Narraganset bay, by the Blackstone canal. It is connected with Boston and Norwich by rail-roads. Pop. 7,497. WORCESTER, co. Md., bounded N. by Delaware, E. by the Atlantic, S. by Virginia, and W. by Somerset co. Chief town, Snow- hill. Pop. 18,377, of whom 3,539 were slaves, and 3,173 free colored. WORCESTER, co. Mass., bounded N. by New Hampshire, E. fty Middlesex: 1 and Norfolk cos. S. by Rhode Island and Con necticut, and W. by Hampden, Hampshire, and Franklin cos. Chief town, Worcester. Pop. 95,313. WORCESTER, ts. and v. Otsego co. N. Y., 13m. SE. from Cooperstown ; the vil lage contains some 25 or 30 dwellings. Pop. 2,390. WORMLEYSBURG, *. Cumberland co. Pa., on the Susquehannah river, opposite Harrisburg ; has considerable trade. WORTHINGTON, t. Hampshire co. Mass., 20 m. WNW. from Northampton, 100 W. from Boston ; it has some manufac tures, and is a pleasant place. Pop. 1,197. WORTHINGTON, v. Muhlenburs co. Ken., 177 m. from Frankfort, and 715 from W. C. WORTHINGTON, v. Franklin co. Ohio, on the Whetstone, 9 m. NNE. from Colum bus. Its situation is a pleasant one, and it contains an academy and a large woollen manufactory, 4 churches for different de nominations, a college, several stores, and from 600 to 700 inhabitants. WRENTHAM, t. Norfolk co. Mass., 19 m. NW. from Taunton, 32 SW. from Boston, 420 from W. C. It is a considerable town, and contains an academy, 4 cotton and woollen mills, and an axe manufactory, and boat-building is carried to a considerable ex tent. Great numbers of straw-bonnets are made in this township; annual amount of manufactures, about $200,000. Pop. 2.915. WRIGHTSBOROUGH, v. Union district, S C ' WRIGHTSBOROUGH, v. Columbia co. Geo, ; a small village 78 m. from Milledge- ville. WRIGHTSTOWN, v. Burlington co. N. J., 21 m. SSE. from Trenion, and 30 NE. by E. from Philadelphia; has 15 or 20 houses, a Methodist church, several stores, &c. &c. WRIGHTSTOWN, v. Belmont co. Ohio, 8 m. W. from St. Clairesville ; a pleasant village, and contains about 40 houses. WR1GHTSVILLE, v. York co. Pa., on W. side of the Susquehannah, opposite Co lumbia, with which it is connected by a bridge. WRIGHTSVILLE, v. Duplin co. N. C., 89 m. SE. from Raleigh. WURTSBORO, v. Sullivan co. N. Y., on the Del. and Hudson canal, 43 m. from Eddyville, 1 1 from Monticello ; contains 2 churches, 6 or 8 stores, several mills, and 50 or 60 dwellings. WYACONDA, r. La., runs into the Mis sissippi, 34 m. below the Moines. WYALUSTNG, r. Pa., runs into the E. branch of the Susquehannah, 8 or 10 m. be low Asylum. f WYE, creek of Md., separating Queen Anne from Talbot co., and falling into Ches apeake bay, opposite the S. end of Kent island. WYE, v. Queen Anne co. Md., 30 m. from Annapolis, and 67 from W. C. WYLLIESBURG, t. Charlotte co. Va,; a small village of some 8 or 10 houses. WYNANT'S KILL, r, N, Y., runs into the Hudson, in Troy, 2 m, S. from Poesten's Kill. WYOMING, v. Genesee co. N. Y., 248 m. W. of Albany, 14 SE. from Batavia, on the line of the Le Roy and Warsaw rail road ; contains 2 churchy, an academy, and about 100 dwellings. WYSAUKEN CREEK, r. Pa., runs into WYS YEL 569 E. branch of the Susquehannah, 6 or 8m. above Asylum. WYSOX, small creek of Bradford co. Pa., falling into the Susquehannah, 5 m. below Towanda. WYTHE, co. SW. part of Va., bounded NNW. by Tazewell co. NE. by Montgome ry, SSE. by Grayson co., and W. by Wash ington co., 340 m. from W. C. Chief town, Evansham. Pop. 9,375, of whom 1,618 were slaves, and 125 free colored. WYTHE COURT-HOUSE, or Evan- sham, v. and seat of justice, Wythe co. Va., 58 m. NE. of Abington, 31 SW. of Inglis- ville, and 351 from W. C. X. XAGUA, s-p. of the S. coast of the island of Cuba, one of the finest in America, 84 m. SE. of Havana. Lon. 80 45' W. Lat 22 10' N. XALAPA, t. of New Spain, in the pro vince of Tlascala, with a bishop's see. Lon. 98 20' W. Lat. 19 32' N. XALISCO, a t, of Mexico, in a province of its name, 14m. NW. of Compostella. XENIA, v. Carroll co. In., 7Tm. NW. from Indianapolis, and 650 from W. C. XENIA, t. and cap. Green co. O., on the Shawnee creek, 3 m. from the Little Miami, 30 SW. from Urbanna, 55 NNE. from Cin cinnati, and 453 from W. C. It is a flourish- Ing town, and contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, a bank, 10 or 12 stores, several taverns, 3 or 4 churches, and about 1,000 in habitants. XENIA, v. S. part of Carroll co. In., on Wild Cat creek, 11 m. SE. by S. from Delphi. Y. YADKIN, r.N. C., rises between the Al- leghany and Brushy Mountains, pervades the counties of Wilkes, Surrey, Rowan, Mont gomery, and Anson, and flows into S. C. with the name of the Great Pedee. In Mont gomery co. it passes over narrows occasion ed by mountains on each side, which con tract it from 200 yards wide to about 30. A few miles below the narrows it receives Rocky river, and then takes the name of Great Pedee. YALABUSHA, co. Miss., bounded N. by Lafayette, E. by Chickasaw, S. by Choctaw, and W. by Tallahatchee cos. Chief town, Cafferville. Pop. 12,248, of whom 5,601 were slaves. YANCEY, v. and cap. Caswell co.N. C^ 93 m. from Raleigh, and 265 from W. C., contains the usual county buildings, and some 15 or 20 dwellings. YANCEY VILLE, v. Louisa co. Va., on the S. Anna, 60 m. NW. from Richmond, and 133 from W. C., a small village. YANTIC, or Norwich, r. Ct., joins the Shetucket, at Norwich. YANCEYVILLE, v. and cap. Caswell o. N. C., 93 m. from Raleigh. YARDLEYVILLE, v. Bucks co. Pa., on the Delaware river, 18 m. SE. from Doyles- W2 town, and 4 above Trenton, N. J., contains several stores, and 20 or 30 dwellings. Here is a bridge across the Delaware. YARMOUTH, s-p. Barnstable co. Mass., 4 m. E. from Barnstable, 20 SSE. from Bos ton, and 488 from W. C. The inhabitants are generally ensaged in fishing, coasting, and manufacturing salt. It has some manu factures, vessels, cordage, leather, &c. Pop. 2,554. YATES, co. N. Y., bounded S. by Steu- ben, N. by Ontario, E. by Seneca lake, and W. by Ontario and Canandaigua lake. Length 21 m., mean width 12. Surface generally hilly, soil fertile, and well wooded. Chief town, Penn Yan, Pop. 20,444. YATESVILLE, v, Yates co. N. Y., 6 m. NW. from Penn Yan, contains several mills, and about 25 dwellings. YAZOO, r. Mis., rises in Lat. 35 N. near the borders of Tennessee, and runs SSW. and flows into the Mississippi, 12 m. above Walnut Hills, and 142 above Natchez. It is about 230 m. long, and navigable 100 m. YAZOO, Little, r. Mis., runs SSW. into the Mississippi, 15m. S. from Palmyra. YAZOO, co. of Mis., on the Yazoo river, bounded N. by Holmes co. E. by Black river, S. by Warner co. and W. by the Yazoo river. Chief town, Benton. Pop. 10,480, of whom 7,339 were slaves. YELLOW BUD, settlement, Pickaway co. O., on the Ohio canal, 10 m. below Cir- cleville. YELLOW-BUSHA, or Yalo-Bushur, an eastern branch of the Yazoo, Mis. A mis sionary station, named Elliot, was establish ed, in 1818, on this river, 120 m. above the mouth of the Yazoo. YELLOW-BREECHES CREEK, r. Pa., runs into the Susquehannah, on the W. side, 3 m. below Harrisburer. YELLOW CREEK, Great and Little, two streams, Ohio, which flow into Ohio river in SE. corner of Columbiana co. 4 m. apart. YELLOW CREEK FURNACE, and v. Montgomery co. Ten., 118 m. NW. from Murfreesborough. JBHMBOIt Ljbf&O YELLOW SPRINGS, watering place and village, Chester eo. Pa., 30 m. NW. from Philadelphia. It is a place of considerable resort during the warm season, and there are two fine hotels which afford excellent accommodation for visitors. YELLOW SPRINGS, v. Huntingdon co. Pa., 56 m. W. from Harrisburg. YELLOW SPRINGS, v. near the north ern boundary of Green co. Ohio, 12 m. NNE. from Xenia, and 65 m. SW. by W. from Columbus. This is a place of fashion able resort during the summer season, hav ing a splendid hotel, and numerous cottages. The springs are strongly impregnated "with sulphur, and possess medical qualities. YELLOWSTONE, r. N. America, rises from lake Eustis in the Rocky Mountains, and after an ENE. course of about 1,100 m. joins the Missouri, 1,880 m. from the Mississippi, Lon. 104 0' W. Lat. 47 60' 570 YEL YOU N. This river is nearly or quite as large as the other branch which retains the name of Missouri. Its principal branches are Big horn and Tongue rivers. This river was explored by Captain Clark, who embarked on it, 850 m. from its mouth, and tracing it down, found it deep and navigable for the whole of that distance. YELLOW WATER, r. rises in Ala., runs nearly S. into Florida, and falls into Pensacola bay, after a course of about 70 m. It is a fine, clear, and beautiful stream, rising in pine woods. YONGUESVILLE, v. Fairfield district, 8. C., 42 m. N. from Columbus. YONKERS, ts. and v. Westchester co. N. Y., on the E, bank of the Hudson, 20 m. N. from N. York, The village contains seve ral mills, and about 60 dwellings. Pop. 2,968. YORK, city of U. C., is in about 43 35' N. Lat. and is the present seat of govern ment of U. C. It is most beautifully situat ed within an excellent harbor of the same name, made by a long peninsula, which con fines a basin of water sufficiently large to contain a considerable fleet. Pop. about 3,500. YORK, SW. co. of Me., bounded by the Atlantk ocean SE. Piscataqua river or New Hampshire SW. New Hampshire W. Oxford co. Maine N. and Cumberland NE. Length 50 m., mean width 20. Its principal river, Saco. Chief town, York. Pop. 54,034. YORK, ts. and seat of justice, York co. Me., on York river, near the ocean, 10 m. NE. of Ports-mouth, 16 S. of Wells, and 22 of Kennebunk. The principal harbor is York river, about 6 m. from Portsmouth, N. H., with water sufficient for vessels of from 200 to 300 tons burthen. Pop. 3,111. YORK, ts. and v. on the W. side of Gen- esee river, Livingston co. N. Y., 25 m. SSW. from Rochester, and 40 m. W. from Canandaigua. The village contains 4 churches, and about 40 dwellings. Pop. 3,049. YORKTOWN, ts. Westchester co. N. Y. 3 45 m. N. from New York. Pop. 2,819, YORK, co. S. side of Pa., bounded NE. by the Susquehannah, which separates it from Dauphin and Lancaster cos. S. by Maryland, W. by Adams co. and NNW. by Cumberland co. Chief town. York. Pop. 47,010.. YORK, bor. and cap. York co. Pa., on Codorus creek, 22m. WSW. from Lancaster, 48 N. from Baltimore, 52 E. from Cham- bersburg, 85 W, from Philadelphia, and 66 from W. C. Lon. 76 40' W. Lat. 39 58' N. It is a pleasant and flourishing town, regularly laid out, and contains a court house, a jail, a market-house, an alms- house, a register's office, an Episcopal academy, and 10 houses of public wor ship, for Episcopalians, English Presbyte rians, German Presbyterians, German Lu therans, Roman Catholics, Methodists, Friends, and Moravians. A large number of the houses here are handsome and spa cious structures of brick. The Columbia and Gettysburg rail-road passes through this place. Pop. 4,779. YORK, co. E. side of Va., bounded N. by York river, E. by Chesapeake bay, S. by Elizabeth' City, Warwick, and James City cos. and W. by James City co. Chief town, Yorktown. Pop. 4,720, of whom 2,112 were slaves, and 650 free colored. YORK, a small village in Montgomery co. 0., 70 m. W. from Columbus, and 8 from Dayton. YORK, a short and navigable river, Va., , formed by the union of the Pamunky and Mattapony. It flows into the Chesapeake, opposite cape Charles. YORK, v. Clark co. II., on the Wabash, 130 m. NW. from Vandalia, and 710 from W. .C., has a steam saw-mill and flouring- mill, and about 300 inhabitants. YORK, district, N. part of S. C., bounded N. by N. C., E. by Lancaster co., S. by Chester, and W. by Union cos. Yorkville is the chief town. Pop. 18,383, of whom 6,828 were slaves, and 109 free colored. YORK HAVEN, v. York co. Pa., on the Susquehannah river, 12 or 15 m. below Harrisburg, contains several stores, and some 20 or 30 houses. YORKSHIRE, v. Broome co. N. Y., 4 m. W. of Lisle, has 15 or 20 dwellings. YORKSHIRE, ts. and v. Cattaraugus co. N. Y., 280 m. W. from Albany, 15 NE. from Ellicottsville, the village contains about 30 houses. Pop. 1,292. YORKTOWN, t. port of entry, and cap. York co. Va., on S. side of York river, 12 m. ESE. from Williamsburg, 29 NW. from Norfolk, 70 ESE. from Richmond. Lon. 76 52' W. Lat. 37 22' N. York river affords at this town the best harbor in Vir ginia. It is contracted here to the width of a mile, and is inclosed within very high banks, under which the largest vessels may ride with safety. It is a place of some trade. This town is memorable for the capture of Lord Cornwallis and his army by the Americans, under Gen. Washington, on the 19th of October. Pop. about 1,000. YORKVILLE, t. and cap. York co. S. C., 30 m. NW. from Columbia, and 438 from W. C. YOUHIOGENY, river of Pennsylvania and Maryland, rises in the extreme south western agle .of Maryland, between the sources of Potomac ad Cheat rivers. Pur suing a northern course over the western border of Maryland, it enters Pennsylvania on the E. side of the Laurel Hills, and piercing both them and the Chesnut Ridge, flows thence in a NW. direction, and empties into the Monongahela, 15 m. above, or S. of Pittsburg. YOUNGSTOWN, v. on Niagara river, Niagara co. N. Y., 5 m. N. from Lewiston, and 20 NW. by W. from Lockport, contains 35 or 40 dwellings. YOUNGSTOWN, v. Westmoreland co. YOU ZOA 571 Pa., at the western foot of Chesnut Ridsre, 11 m. E. from Greensburg, and 158 W. from Harrisburg. YOUNGSTOWN, ts. in Trumbull co. Ohio, on a branch of Big Beaver river, 8 m. NE. of Canfield, about 90 N. by W. of Pittsburg, and 165 NE. from Columbus, has several stores, about 200 inhabitants, &c. YOUNGS VILLE, v. Warren co. Pa., 328 m. NW. from Harrisburg, a small village of some 15 or 20 dwellings. YPSILANTI, v. Washtenaw co. Mich., 32 in. from Detroit, and 534 from W. C., a small but growing village. YUCATAN, peninsula and state of Mexi co, bounded by the gulf of Mexico NW. and N. by the Caribbean sea E. by central America S. and by Chiapa and Tabasco SW. Length from SW. to NE. 500 m., mean width 160; and area 80,000 sq. ms. " The peninsula of Yucatan," says Hum- boldt, " of which the northern coast, from cape Catoche, to the Punta de Piedras, 240 m. is a vst plain, intersected in its interior by a chain of hills of little elevation." Though one of the warmest, Yucatan is among the most healthy regions of equinoc tial America. It reaches from Lat. 15 40' to 21 30' N. This salubrity is, no doubt, owing to the dry ness of the soil and atmos phere. Along the whole coast, from cape Catoche to the mouth of the river San Fran cisco, in a distance of 400 m., the country does not afford a single spring of fresh water; that element is, however, abundant in the interior. Chief towns, Merida de Yucatan, Campeche, and Valladolid de Yucatan. Pop. about 750,000. Z. ZACATECAS, intendency, Mexico, bounded N. by Durango, E. by San Luis Potosi, S. by Guanaxato, and W. by Guada- laxara. It contains an area of 18,000 sq. ms. and about 160,000 inhabitants. ZACATECAS, t. Mexico, cap. of the above, one of the most celebrated mining places of New Spain, 300 m. NNW. from Mexico. Pop. 35,000. Lat. 23 N. ZACATULA, or Sacatula, t. Mexico, on a river of the same name, near the Pacific Ocean, 95 m. S. from Mechoacan. Lon. 103 W. Lat. 18 35' N. ZANESFIELD, v. Logan co. Ohio, 47 m. NW. from Columbus; has several stores, a tannery, and 20 or 25 dwellings. ZANESVILLE, v. and seat of justice for Muskingum co. Ohio, 80 m. W. from Wheel ing, Va v 336 from W. C. It contains a court-house, and public offices, 35 or 40 stores, several glass-houses, 5 printing- offices, a market-house, 2 academies, an athenaeum, including an extensive reading- room, a library of about 9,000 volumes, and a cabinet of minerals, 8 churches, an insur ance office, 2 banks, &c. Zanesville stands on the E. bank of Muskingum river, imme diately adjoining the Falls, on which are erected a large number of mills, among which are 2 merchant mills and 6 others, 3 woollen-factories, 2 brass-founderies, and 2 rope-walks. It also contains 2 breweries, 3 coach-manufactories, a steam hat-body manufactory, 2 glass-works, 3 iron-fbunde- ries, 3 saw-mills, and 1 paper-mill. Across the river, adjoining the town, are burlt two bridges within half a mile of each other, the lower connecting this town with Put nam. ZEBULON, v. and cap. Pike co. Ark n 120 m. from Little Rock. ZEBULON, t. and cap. Pike co. Geo., 86 m. W. from Milledgeville ; has a store, and 10 or 12 dwellings. ZELIENOPLE, v. Butler co. Pa., 220 m. from Harrisburg, and 250 from W. C. ZENAS, v. in the NE. part of Jennings co. Ind. ; contains 15 or 20 dwellings. ZIDON, v. Spartanburg dist. S. C., 114 m. NW. from Columbia ; a small place of 10 or 15 dwellings. ZION, v. Iredell co. N. C., 15 m. W. from Raleigh ; contains a store, and 12 or 15 dwellings. ZOAR, v. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, on the E. bank of the Tuscarawas river, 10 m. N. from New Philadelphia, 100 NE. from Co lumbus, 13 from Canton, and a short dis tance from the Ohio canal. It is becoming an active manufacturing village, and con tains about 60 dwellings, a tan-yard, a large grist-mill, 2 saw-mills, an oil-mill, a woollen and linen manufactory, &c. It : has also aa extensive water-power, obtained by damming the river, which drives the machinery above enumerated. Pop. about 300. ADDENDA. A. ACQUIA, v. Strafford co. Va., 80 m. from Richmond, and 42 from W. C, ACRETOWN, v. Columbiana co. O., 170 m. NE. from Columbus and 308 from W. C., has a post-office, several stores, 25 or 30 houses, &c. ACTON, ts. York co. Me., 100 m. SW. from Augusta and 522 from W. C. on the head waters of Salmon river, which divides it on the W. from New Hampshire. Pop. 1,401. ADAMSVILLE, v. Logan co. Flor., 181 m. SW. from Frankfort, and 721 from W. C., contains some 15 or 20 dwellings. ADAIMSVILLE, v. Frederick co. Md.,82 m. NW. from Annapolis and 48 from W. C., a small village of 10 or 15 dwellings. AIKENSVILLE, Barn well co. S. C., 60 m. W. by S. from Richland and 562 from W. C. ALBANY, v. Whiteside co. II., situated on the Mississippi river, near the boundary of Rock Island co., a small but flourishing village. ALBION, ts. Kenaebeck co. Me., 24 m. NE. from Augusta, and 620 from W. C. Agriculture is the chief employment of the inhabitants. Pop. 1,624. ALEXANDER, v. Buncombe co. N. C., 269 m. W. from Raleigh and 523 from W. C. ALEXANDRIA, v. Putnam co. II., 178 m. from Vandalia and 842 from W. C. ALEXANDRIA, v. Calaway co. Mo., 11 m. NE. from Jefferson City, and 969 from W. C. ALEX ANDRIA, v. Lincoln co. Mo., 101 m. NE. from Jefferson City, and 919 from W. C. ALDEN, v. Alden ts. Erie' co. N. Y., 20 m. E. from Buffalo, has a Presbyterian church, 25 or 30 dwellings, &c. &c. ALLEN'S HILL, v. Ontario co. N. Y., 213 m. W. from Albany and 353 from W. C., a pleasant village of some 15 or 20 dwellings. ALLENTON, v. Peoria co. II., 165 m. a little W, of N. from Vandalia and 829 from W. C., a small but growing village. ALLENSVILLE, v. Todd co. Ken., 183 m. SW. from Frankfort, and 723 from W. C. ALLENTON, v. Willcox co. Ala., 132 m. from Tuscaloosa, and 931 from W. C. ALLENTON, v. Green co. Ken., 75 m, SW. from Frankfort, and 610 from W. C. AMANDA, v. Greenup co. Ken., 142 m. NE. from Frankfort and 418 from W. C. AMBOY, v. Onondaga co. N. Y., 141 m. W. from Albany, and 150 from W. C., con- tains about 20 dwellings. AMSTERDAM, v. Montgomery co. N.Y., 30 m. NW. from Albany, 400 from W.C., on the Mohawk river and Utica rail-road, and 15 from Johnstown, contains several churches, an academy, a select female school, 4 grist-mills, a woollen factory, a scythe fac tory, a printing-office, issuing a weekly pa per, and about 125 dwellings. ANDES, ts. and v. Delaware eo. N. Y., 90 m. from Albany, 15 SE. from Delhi, and 55 W. from Kingston. The village has 2 churches, about 20 dwellings, &c. Pop. of ts. 2,176. ANDOVER, v. Henry co. II., a short dis tance from the N. fork of Edwards river, a pleasant village and in a flourishing condition. ANTWERP, v. Jefferson co. N. Y., on Indian river, 20 m. NE. from Watertown, and 164 from Albany, has 2 churches, a carding and cloth-dressing mill, a scythe fac tory and pocket furnace, several stores, and about 50 dwellings. APALACHICOLA, s-p. and cap. Frank lin co. Florida, beautifully situated at the mouth of the river of the same name, 95 m. from Tallahassee. ARANSAS,ts. and port of entry, Befugio co. Texas, situated on the Aransaw bay. It is delightfully situated, and has much trade with Mexico. ARGUSVILLE, v. Schoharie co. N. Y., 41m. NW. from Albany, a small but plea sant village. ' ARROW ROCK, a flourishing village in Saline co. Miso., 15 m. above Boonville. At this place there are a good landing and ferry. ASSAWAMAN, v. Accomack co. Va^ 233 m. NW. from Richmond and 173 from W.C. ATALA, v. Atala co. Mis., 73 m. NE. from Jackson, a small village of some 15 or 20 houses. ATHENS, v. St. Clair co. II., 86 m. from Vandalia, and 828 from W. C. ATHENS, v. and cap. Monroe co. Mis., 160 m. NE. from Jackson, near the bounda ry of Alabama, contains the usual county buildings, and some 20 or 30 houses. AUBURN, v. Lincoln co. Miso., 109 m. from Jefferson city, and 925 from W. C., a small but increasing village. AUGUSTA SPRINGS, v. Augusta co. Va., 134 m. NE. from Richmond, and 176 from W. C. AUR BLA 57* AUR ART A, v. Lumpkin co. Geo., 141 m. NW. from Milledgeville, and 644 from W. C. AURIESVILLE, v. Montgomery co. N. Y., 3 m. E. from Fultonville, and 43 NW. from Albany, has 12 or 15 dwellings, &c. AUSTIN, city and cap. of Texas, Bas- trop co., situated on the Colorado, 37 m. above Bastrop. It is increasing rapidly in population. AVON, ts. Hartford co. Ct., 6 m. N. from Farmington, 9 WSW. from Hartford, and 325 from W. C. Agriculture is the chief employment of the inhabitants. Pop. 1,000. B. BAILEYVILLE, ts. Washington co. Me., 214 m. from Augusta, and 816 from W. C. Pop. 329. BAINBRIDGE, v. Cape Girardeau co. Miso., 223 m. SE. from JeffeVson city, and 841 from W. C. At the ferry, here, the travel lers between Kentucky and the upper end of Arkansas cross. Bainbridge is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi, and has considerable trade. BALTIMORE, v. Blount co. Ala., 89 m. NE. from Tuscaloosa, and 769 from W. C. BARDSTOWN, v. and cap. Nelson co. Ken., 55 m. SW. from Frankfort, and 606 from W. C. BARNARDS, ts. Piscataquis co. Me., formed from Williamsburg in 1834. It lies 108 m. from Augusta. Pop. 153. BARNESVILLE, v. Belmont co. 0., 110 m. E. from Columbus, 50 from Zanesville, and 297 from W. C., contains 6 or 8 stores, several taverns, 25 or 30 mechanic shops, 6 large tobacco warehouses, a large steam woollen factory, a large Methodist meeting house, about 130 dwellings, and is a place of considerable business. BARRY, co. Mo., a new county in the SW. part of the state, not yet organized. Pop. 4,795, of whom 269 were slaves. BARTLETT, ts. Coos co. N. H., 80 m. NNE. from Concord, and 556 from W. C. Pop. 706. BARTONVILLE, v. Gasconade co. Mo., 35 m. from Jefferson city, and 945 from W. C. BASTROP, t. and cap. Bastrop co. Texas, on the Colorado, at the crossing of the San Antonio road, and is a town of respectable size. BEAR TOWN, v. Caroline co. Md., 47 m. E. from Annapolis, and 84 from W. C., a small village of 10 or 15 houses. BEDFORD, v. Richmond co. Geo., 94 m. N. by E. from Milledgeville, and 584 from W. C. BELFAST, v. Newbury co. S. C., 58 m. a little N. of W. from Columbia, and 506 from W. C. BELFONT, v. and cap. Jackson co. Ala., 172 m. N. from Tuscaloosa, and 686 from W. C. BELGRADE, v. Pope co. II., 192 m. S. from Vandalia, and 810 from W. C., situat ed on the 0. river. BELLEFONTAINE, v. Baldwin co. Ala., 232 m, SW. from Tuscaloosa, and 1,024 from W. C. BELLEHAVEN, v. Accomack co. Va. r 194 m. from Richmond, and 226 from W. C. BELLE PLAIN, v. Stafford co. Va., 70 m. N. from Richmond, and 58 from W. C. BELLEVILLE, v. Davidson co. Ten., 23 m. N. from Nashville, ami 737 from W. C. BELLEVILLE, v. Boone co. Ken., 68 m. N. from Frankfort, and 518 from W. C. BELLE VIEW, v. Calhoun co. II., 146 m. W. from Vandalia, and 946 from W. C., contains a post-office, from 40 to 50 fami lies, &c. &c. BELVEDERE, v. Perquimans co. N. C., 150 m. NW. from Raleigh, and 280 from W. C., situated on Perquimans, about 10 m. from its mouth, and is a place of some trade. BELLONA, v. Yates co. N. Y., 8 m. NE. from Pen Yan, and 180 W. from Alba ny, contains 2 churches, several stores, a library, from 40 to 50 dwellings, &c. &c. BEMIS, v. Chatauque co. N. Y., 338 m. SW. from Albany, and 335 from W. C., on the W. side of Chatauque lake. BENTLEYVILLE, v. Halifax co. Va., 115 m. SW. from Richmond, and 230 from W. C. BENTON, co. Mo., bounded N. by Pet- tis, E. by Morgan, S. by Polk, and W. by Rives and St. Clair cos., situated on both sides of the Osage river, on the banks of which burr-stone? have been found but little inferior to the French burr. Osage is the seat of justice. Pop. 4,205, of whom 261 were. slaves. BERLIN, ts. Coos. co. N. H., 118 m. N. from Concord, and 585 from W. C. Its population will give some idea of the quality of its soil. Pop. 116. BERLIN, v. Worcester co. Md., 113 m. SW. from Annapolis, and 150 from W. C. Contains some 12 or 15 houses. BERNSVILLE, v. Berks co. Pa., 64 m. N. by E. from Harrisburg, and 155 from W. C., on the Tulpehocking creek. BERRYSVILLE, v. Knox co. Ind., 113 m. SW. from Indianapolis, and 679 from W. C. BERRYTOWN, v. Kent co. Del., 12 m. from Dover, and 102 from W. C. BETHEL, v. Amherst co. Va., 148 m. W. from Richmond, and 192 from W. C. ; a small village of 10 or 15 houses. BEVANSVILLE, v. Alleghany co. Md., 142 m. NW. from Annapolis, and 109 from W. C. ; contains some 10 or 15 dwellings. BILLSBURG, v. Randolph co. Va., 240 m. NW. from Richmond, and 224 from W. C. BINGHAM, ts. Somerset co. Me., 55 m. N. from Augusta, and 648 from W. C., on the E. bank of the Kennebeck ; agriculture is the chief employment of the inhabitants. Pop. 751. BLACKBIRD, v. New Castle co. Del., 574, BRO ION 17 miles north from Dover, and 107 from W. C. BROWNSVILLE, v. Farmington ts. On tario co. N. Y., on a branch of Mud creek, 14 m. from Canandaigua ; contains several mills, and 15 or 20 dwellings. BUCHANAN, co. Mo., bounded N. by Iowa, E. by land not yet laid out into coun ties, S. by Platte co., and W. by the Miss, river. The seat of justice is uncertain. Pop. 6,237, of whom 227 were slaves. BURNS, ts. Alleghany co.JNT. Y., 239 m. from Albany, 16 NE. from Angelica. Pop. 867. C. CADDO, co. La., a new county not yet organized. Pop. 5,282, of whom 2,837 were slaves. CALCASSIEU, co. La., in the western district. Pop. 2,067, of whom 482 were slaves, and 226 free colored. CALDWELL ? co. Mo., in the W. part of the state, north of the Missouri river. Pop. 1,458. CALDWELL, co. La., not yet organized. Pop. 1,217, of whom 649 were slaves. CARROLL, co. Md., bounded N. by Pa., E. by Baltimore, S. by Ann Arundel, W. by Frederick. Westminster is the cap. CARROLL, co. II., recently formed. Pop. 1,023. CARTHAGE, v. and cap. Leake co. Mis., 60 m. NE. from Jackson, and 990 from W. C., near Pearl river ; contains a court-house, jail, and some 15 or 20 dwell ings. CHARLOTTE, v. Mecklenburg co. N. C. ; contains a branch mint of the U. S., and about 200 inhabitants. CHATTOOGA, co. Geo., lately formed ; seat of justice uncertain. Pop. 3.438$ of whom 814 were slaves. CHEROKEE, co. N. C., a new county not yet organized. Pop. 3,427, of whom 199 were slaves. CHEROKEE, co. Ala., bounded E. by Geo., S. by Benton, and NW. by De Kalb cos. Pop. 8,773, of whom 1,112 were slaves. CHIPPEWAY, co. Mich., in the north part. Pop. 534. Chief town, Sault St. Mary. CLARKE, co. Va., situated in the west ern district ; not yet organized. Pop. 6,353, of whom 3,335 were slaves, and 161 free colored. CLARKE, co. Miss., bounded N. by Lauderdale co. E. by Ala. S. by Wayne and W. by Jasper cos. Chief town, Quitman. Pop. 2,986. CLINTON, co. Pa., a new county recent ly taken from Mifflin. Pop. 8,323. CLINTON, co. Ken., a new county. Pop. 3,863, of whom 188 were slaves. CLINTON, v. and cap. of Van Buren co. Ark., 60 m. N. from Little Rock, and 1,000 from W. C.; contains the usual county buildings, and some 15 or 20 houses. COBB, co. Geo., bounded N. by Chero kee and Cass, E. by De Kalb, S. by Car roll, and W. by Paulding. Chief town, Ma rietta. Pop. 7,539, of whom 904 were slaves. COFFEE, co. Ten., a new county, in the middle district of the state, boundary not given. Pop. 8,184, of whom 1,105 were slaves. COFFEEVILLE, v. and cap. Yalabusha co. Mis., 146 m. N. from Jackson, and 974 from W. C. ; contains the usual county buildings, and some 20 or 30 houses. D. DAHLONEGA, v. and cap. Lumpkin co. Geo., 150 m. about NW. from Milledgeville, and 650 from W. C. ; contains a court house, a jail, a branch mint of the U. S., 2 banks, several stores, and is a place of con siderable trade. DAVIS, co. Miso., in the NW. part of the state, bounded S. by Caldwell co. Pop. 2,736. County town, uncertain. F. FRANKLIN, co. Ark., the boundaries of which have not been received. Pop. 2,665. FRANKLIN, v. St. Francis co. Ark., on the St. Francis river, about 30 m. due W. from Memphis, in Ten. FULTON, co. N. Y., taken from Mont- go^hiery, bounded N. by Hamilton, E. by Saratoga, S. by Montgomery, and W. by Herkimer. Chief town, Johns Town. Pop. 18,049. H. HARDIN, co. W. Ten., bounded N. by Henderson and Perry, E. by Wayne, S. by Alabama and Mississippi states, and W. by McNairy. The Tennessee river runs through it from south to north-east. Chief town, Savannah. Pop. 8,245, of whom 826 were slaves. HENDERSON, co. N. C. The good in habitants of this county have not seen fit to give the author any information as to their boundaries, &c., which it is hoped they will do in time for another edition. Direct to New Brunswick, N. J. Pop. 5,129. HOT SPRING, co. Ark., bounded N. by Scott and Conway, E. by Saline, S. by 1 Clark, Pike and Sevier, and W. by Indian territory. Pop. 1,907. HOT SPRINGS, v. and cap. of the above county, on the Wachita river, 60 m. SW. from Little Rock, and 1,128 from W. C. ; a small village containing the usual county buildings, and some 15 or 20 dwellings. I. INGHAM, co. Mich., bounded N. by Clin ton and Shiawassee, E. by Livingston, S. by Jackson, and W. by Eaton cos. Pop. 2,498. IONIA, co. Mich., bounded N. by Mont- calm, E. by Clinton, S. by Barry, and W. by Kent cos. Chief town, Ionia. Pop. 1,923. JAS--SMY 575 J. JASPER, v. and cap. of Walker co. Ala., 45 m. N. from Tuscaloosa and 834 from W. C., contains the county buildings, and some 1 or 20 dwellings. L. LAFAYETTE, co. Miss., bounded N. by Marshall, E. by Pontotoc S. by Yalobusha and W. by Ponola. Chief town, Oxford. Pop. 6,531. LAKE, co. Ohio, recently formed from the N.- part of Geauga, bounded N. by lake Erie E. by Ashtabula S. by Geauga and W. by Cuyahoga. Chief town, Painesville, which is described in the body of the book as in Geanga co. Pop. 9,738, of which 2,580 were in Paynesville. LANCASTER, co. Va., bounded N. by Richmond E. by Northumberland S. and W. by Rappahannock river. Pop. 4,628, of whom 2,478 were slaves and 247 free colored LOUISVILLE, v. and cap. Winston co. Mis., 85 m. NE. from Jackson, and 950 from W. C., contains the county buildings, and some 15 or 20 dwellings. M. MARIETTA, v. and cap. of Cobb co. Geo., 154 m. NW. from Milledgeville, and 695 from W. C., contains a court-house, jail, several stores, and 20 or 30 dwellings. MONTCELLO, v. and cap. White co. In., 95 m. NW. from Indianapolis, contains some 20 or 30 dwellings, &c. MONTREAL, v. and cap. Tallapoosa co. Ala., 125 m. SE. from Tuscaloosa, and 675 from W. C., on the Tallapoosa river, con tains the county buildings, and 15 or 20 dwellings. MOUNT STERLING, v. and cap. of Gas conade co. Mo., 35 m. E. from Jefferson City, a new town with 10 or 15 dwellings, &c. N. NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J., Pop. should read 8,693. NEW SHARON, ts. Franklin co. Me,, 26 m. NW. from Augusta, soil well adapted to agricultural purposes. Pop.' 1,829. P. PLATTE, co. Mo., bounded N. by Bu chanan E. by Clinton and Clay, S. and W. by the Missouri river. Pop. 8,913, of whom 858 were slaves. S. SALINE, co. Ar., bounded N. by Conway E. by Pulaski S. by Union and W. by Hot Spring. Chief town, Benton, Pop. 2,061. SCOTT, co. II. The boundaries and lo cation of this new county have not been re ceived. Pop. 6,215. SEARCY, co. Ar., bounded N. by Mis souri E. by Izard S. by Van Buren and W. by Carroll cos. Pop. 936. SHELBY, co. II., bounded N. by Macon E, by Coles, S. by Effingham and Fayette and W, by Montgomery and Sangamon cos. Ch ief town, Shelby ville. Pop. 5,659. SHIAWASSEE, co. Mich., bounded N. by Saginaw E. by Genesee S. by Livingston and Inghamand W. by Clinton cos. Chief town, Corunna. Pop. 2,103. * STARK, co. In., bounded N. by Laporte E. by Marshall S. by Pulaski and W. by Porter and Newton cos. Pop. 149. STARK, co. II., a new co. the boundaries and description of which have not been re ceived. Pop. 1,573. SMITH, co. Miss ; bounded N. by Scott, E. by Jasper S. by Covington and W. by Simpson cos. Chief town, Raleigh. Pop. 1,961, of whom 419 were slaves. SMYTH, co. Va. bounded N. by Taze- well E. by Wythe S. by Grayson and W. by Washington. Chief town, Marion. Pop, 6,552, of whom 838 were slaves. APPENDIX. STEAM-BOAT AND CANAL ROUTES. STEAM-BOAT ROUTES. .. IN***. - TMendon Mass. 12 '21Q 1. BOSTON TO EASTPORT. State. Dittance. J Medway " 13 232 ^ ) Dedham "12 244 M I Boston * 10 254 Portsmouth N H 36 81 5. NEW YORK TO BOSTON, Via New Haven and Hartford. New Haven Light-house, as before Ct 73 Portland Me. 64 145 Bath " 4*5 190 Augusta .... " 36 226 Gardiner " 3 234 Booth bay " 54 288 . fWallingford ' " 12 89 Owl's Head " 48 336 ! Meriden " 5 94 'Belfast " 3ft 3fifl J5 \ Berlin 7 101 Castine " 12 378 > Hartford " 10 111 Eastport " 140 518 ? t Boston, as before Mass. 106 217 2. NEW YORK TO BOSTON, Via Providence, JR. I. Hell, or Hurl-Gate NY 6 6. NEW YORK TO NEW HAVEN, Via Norwalk, Fairfield, Sec. Hurl-Gate N.Y. 6 Frog Point " 9 15 Sawpits " 28 34 Sands' Point " 5 20 Horseneck Ct. 4 38 Norwalk Island Ct 20 45 Stamford " 6 44 Stratford Point . 15 60 Norwalk . " 11 55 New Haven Light-House ... " 13 73 Faulkner's Island . " 14 87 ISagatuck ... " 3 58 Fairfield " 5 63 Say brook Light-house, mouth of Connecticut river . " 16 103 Bridgeport 4 67 Stratford - 4 71 Off New London " 14 117 Milford 4 7? Fisher's Island, west end " 1 118 Watch Hill Light-House .... " 21 139 Point Judith R. I. 9 148 New Haven - 10 85 7. NEW YORK TO ALBANY. Manhattan vi He N.Y. 8 Brenton's Point. . "10 158 Newport " 2 160 FortLee " 2 10 Prudence Island, south end.. " 6 166 Canonical Point M 9 175 Fort Washington . .. . " 1 11 Pawtucket river " 5 180 Phillipstown . . . . " 4 17 Providence " 6 186 {Pawtucket Falls " 4 190 Singsing " 6 33 Atileborough Mass 8 198 Haverstraw " 3 36 Foxborough " 6 204 Stony Point " 3 39 \ Walpole... " 2 206 Fort Fayette " 1 40* Dedham " 11 217 St. Anthony's Nose " 5 45 -A West Point " 7 52* Boston " 10 227 3. NEW YORK TO BOSTON Via Norwich, Ct. Connecticut river, as is No. 2. Ct. 103 Cotd Spring " 3i 56 New Windsor " 4 60 Fishkill " 2 60 3 Mouth of Thames river " 14 117 New London " 4 121 New Hamburg " 61 68 Milton " 41 72.1 Norwich Landing . " 9 135 Poughkeepsie " 3A 76 HydePark 5 81 Pelham " 3 84A Sterling 4 154 Esopus Landing " 6 90A Scituate R. I. 11 165 Johnson 7 172 Red hook Lower Landing. ... " 7 98 Providence " 8 180 Do. Upper do " 3 101 Clermont " 2 103 Boston, as No. 2 Mass. 41 221 4. NEW YORK TO BOSTON, Via Hartford, Ct. Mouth of Connecticut river, as before Ct. 103 Catskill " 9 112 Hudson " 5 l 117^ Coxsackie . " 7 125" Kinderhook Landing " li 126\ New Baltimore " 3 130" Saybrook " 2 105 Coevnians " 2"* 132 Lyme " 5 110 Haddam 10 1201 Middletown 12 132 Alhanv " ^ 14 r i Wethersfield 11 143 8. PHILADELPHIA TO NEW YORK, Via Trenton, JV*. J. Hartford 5 148 IVernon 11 159 Tolland 7 166 Ashford 10 176 Burlingion . . N J. 12 IS Pomfret " 12 188 Bristol Pa. 1 19 Thompson " 8 196 Bordentown N. J 10 ' 29 Douglas.. ,. Mass. 11 107 Trenton .. " 7 36 APPENDIX. d * Princeton N.J. 11 s < Kingston " ( New Brunswick ........ " Ambpy Elizabethtown Point " The Kills N.Y. New York " 47 3 50 12 62 13 75 13 88 5 93 5 98 9. PHILADELPHIA TO NEW YORK, Via Bordentfftcn, SfC. Bord,entown N.J. 29 j ( Centreville " 10 39 I ] Hightstown " 4 43 ( Cranberry " Washington " 9 55 Ainboy " 11 66 New York N.Y. 23 89 10. PHILADELPHIA TO BALTIMORE, Via Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. FortMifflin Pa, 8 Lazaretto i " 5 Chester " 5 18 Marcus Hook " 4 22 Christiana creek Del. 8 30 Newcastle " 5 35 Delaware City " 10 45 - ( St. George's g < Summit Bridge " 6 55 fi- (Chesapeake City Md. 4 59 Mouth of Back creek " 3 62 Turkey Point " 8 70 Grove Point " 6 76 Pool's Island " 16 92 Miller's Island " 8 100 NorthPoint " 8 108 Sparrow's Point " 4 112 FortM'Henry " 6 118 Baltimore " 3 121 11. PHILADELPHIA TO BALTIMORE. Via Newcastle and Frenchtown Rail Road. Newcastle Del. 35 Frenchtown, by the Kail Road Md. 16 51 Turkey Point .'. " 13 64 Baltimore...., " 51 115 12. BALTIMORE TO NORFOLK, Fort M'Henry Md. Sparrow's Point NorthPoint " Bodkin Point " Stony Point " Sandy Point " Thomas Point Three Sisters Herring Bay Sharp's Island Cove Point " Drum Point, mouth of Patux- ent river " Cedar Point Point Lookout, mouth of the Potomac Va. Smith's Point " Windmill Point, mouth of the Rappahannock G wynn's Island " Point No-Point New Point Comfort " Back River Point " Old Point Comfort Fort Calhoun " Craney Island " Norfolk " 3 6 9 4 13 4 17 4 21 6 27 10 37 6 43 7 50 9 59 20 79 6 85 4 89 17 106 11 117 21 138 7 145 6 151 9 160 12 172 10 182 1 183 8 191 6 197 13. BALTIMORE TO RICHMOND. To Norfolk, as before Va. 197 Craney Island " 6 203 Newport News " 9 212 577 Dlsta.i.-e. 8 22C 7 227 12 231 9 246 6 254 9 263 6 269 5 274 2 270 10 286 20 306 7 313 Tindrel's Shoals Va Burrill's Bay ' Jamestown Island ' Dancing Point " Tree Point Windmill Point Harrison's Point City Point Shurley Ferry Osborn Warwick Richmond 14. WASHINGTON TO NORFOLK. Alexandria D. C 5 Mount Vernon Va. 9 14 Crane Island " 12 26 Sandy Point Md. 8 34 Boyd's Hole Va. 18 52 Mathias Point " 8 60 Cedar Point Md. 7 67 Off Pope's creek, Washing ton's birth-place Va. 4 71 Blackstone's Island Md. 15 86 Piney Point . " 12 98 Roger Point Va. 16 114 Smith's Point, mouth of the Potomac " 5 119 Norfolk " 87 200 15. WASHINGTON TO RICHMOND. To Norfolk, as before Va. 206 Richmond do " 116 322 16. CHARLESTON TO SAVANNAH. Sullivan's Island S. C. 5 Coffin Land Light-house .... " 8 13 Stono river " 9 22 N. Edisto river " 14 36 St. Helena Sound 10 46 Port Royal Entrance " 26 72 Calibogue Sound .. " 15 87 Tybee Light-house Geo. 6 93 Savannah " 15 108 17. SAVANNAH TO AUGUSTA. Onslow Island Geo. 7 Purisburg S.C. 11 18 Ebenezer Geo. 10 2 Sisters' Ferry " 12 40 Hudson's Ferry " 13 53 BriarC 12 55 Burton's Ferry " 14 79 Dog Ferry " 25 104 Gray's Landing S.C. 14 118 Walloon's Ferry Geo. 18 136 Augusta " 4 140 18. MOBILE TO MONTGOMERY. Florida Al. 33 Alabama river " 4 37 Fort Mims " 9 46 Little river " 13 59 Claiborne " 38 97 Black'sBluff 29 126 Blacksville " 14 140 Prairie Bluff " 30 170 Canton " 12 182 Portland " 20 202 RedBluff " 7 209 Cahawba " 20 229 Selma " 17 246 Vernon " 46 292 Washington " 15 307 Montgomery " 13 320 19. PlTTSBURG TO NEW ORLEANS. Middletown Pa. 11 Economy " 8 19 Beaver , " 10 578 APPENDIX. Georgetown State. Pa. Diet 13 ance. 42 Wellsville Ohio 7 49 Steubenville " 20 69 VVellsburg Va. 7 76 Warren Ohio 6 82 Wheeling Elizabethtown Va. 10 11 92 103 Sistersville 34 137 Newport Ohio 27 164 Marietta 14 178 , Vienna Va. 6 184 Parkersburg 5 189 Belpre and Blennerhasset's I. Ohio 4 193 Troy " 10 203 Belleville Va. 7 210 Letart's Rapids " 37 247 Point Pleasant Va. 27 274 Gallipolis Ohio 4 278 Guyandot Va. 27 305 Burlington Ohio 10 315 Greensburg Ken. 19 334 Concord Ohio 12 346 < 7 353 2 355 Vanceburg Ken. 18 373 Manchester Ohio 16 389 Maysville, Ken. and Aberdeen Ohio 11 400 Charleston Ken. 4 404 Ripley '. Ohio 6 410 Ken. 8 418 Neville Ohio 7 425 7 432 Point Pleasant * 4 436 1 < 7 443 Columbia 15 458 Cincinnati, Ohio, and Coving- ton and Newport Ken. 8 466 North Bend Ohio 15 481 Lawrenceburg In. 8 489 2 491 Ken. 2 493 8 501 In. 2 503 Fredericksburg Ken. 18 521 Vevay, In. and Ghent 11 532 Port William 8 540 In. 15 555 12 567 Bethlehem 8 575 Westport Ken. 7 582 Transylvania Louisville, Ken. and Jeffer- " 15 597 sonville In. 12 609 Falls of Ohio, Shippingsport . Clarksville Ken. In. 2 1 611 612 Portland, Ken. and New Al bany In. 2 614 Salt river Ken. 22 636 Northampton In. 18 654 Leaven worlh 17 671 Fredonia 2 673 Stephensport, Ken. and Rome In. 32 705 Trov Rockport 16 730 746 Owenborough Evans ville Ken. In. 12 36 758 794 Ken. 12 806 Mount Vernon In. 28 834 Carthage Ken. 12 846 Wabash river 7 853 Raleigh 5 8i,8 Shawneetown 11. 6 864 Battery Rock 11 875 Cave-in-Rock 10 885 Kirksville Ken. 5 890 Golconda 11. 15 905 | Smithland, mouth of the Cum berland river Ken. 10 915 Paducah, mouth of the Ten nessee river Ken Belgrade II. America " Trinity " Junction of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers " Beckwiths Mo. Columbia Ken. Mill's Point " Hickmanton " New Madrid Mo. Riddle's Point Little Prairie " Fulton Ten. Randolph " Greenock A. T. Memphis Ten. St. Francis river A.T. Helena " White river " Arkansas river M Villemont " Princeton Mi. Sparta La. Mouth of the Yazoo river. . . Mi. Vicksburg " Warrcnton " Palmyra " Point Pleasant La. Rockport Mi. Bruinsburg " Rodney " Natchez " Fort Adams " Red river La. Atchafalaya river " Tunica Bend " St. Francisville and Point Coupee , Baton Rouge Bayou Plaquemines " St. Gabriel's Church Donaldsonville " Gen. Hampton " Bringiers " Cantrel's Ch'jrches Bonnet Quatre Church " Red Church " New Orleans .. " 13 928 6 934 28 962 6 968 4 972 12 984 6 990 16 1006 10 1016 22 1038 20 1058 28 1086 51 1137 21 1158 37 1195 10 1205 72 1277 12 1289 60 1349 10 1359 50 1409 70 1479 82 1561 3 1564 12 1576 11 1587 7 1594 9 1603 13 1616 14 1630 7 1637 45 1682 56 1738 14 1752 3 1755 27 1782 23 1805 ?A 1839 20 1859 7 1866 21 1887 8 1895 6 1901 6 1907 31 1938 18 1956 21 1977 20. NE*W ORLEANS TO ST. Louis. Mouth of the Ohio river 1005 Elklsland 81013 Dogtooth Island 81021 English Island 14 1035 Cape Girardeau Mo. 111046 Bainbridge, Mo. and Ham burg II. 101056 Muddy Creek " 151071 Lacouses Island " 16 1087 Mary'sCreek II. 91096 Kaskaskia river " 6 1102 Riverau Vases Mo. 101112 St. Genevieve " 91121 FortChartres II. 101131 Rushlsland " 101141 Herculaneum Mo. 101151 Harrison II. 1 1152 Marrameck river Mo. 101162 Carondolet ' 121174 St. Louis " 71181 21. NEW ORLEANS TO FLORENCE, AL. Mouth of the Ohio river 1005 Trinity II. 4 1009 America " 61015 Belgrade " 281043 Paducah. mouth of the Ten nessee river Dunal's Ferry Ford's Ferry Petersville Reynoldsbarg Duck river Perry ville Carroll ville Coffee Savannah Waterloo Bear creek Colbert's Ferry Florence Ken. Ten. Al. 22. NEW ORLEANS TO NASHVILLE. Mouth of the Ohio river .... 101015 281043 6 1049 561105 201125 30 1155 311186 61192 201212 401252 138 225 253 273 329 347 383 407 America ................... II. Belgrade .................. " Paducah ................... Ken. Southland, mouth of the Cum berland river . ........... " Kddyville ................. " Canton ........ ............ Dover ..................... Ten. Palmyra ................... " Redriver .................. " Harpethriver .............. " Nashville ................. " 23. NEW ORLEANS TO NATCHITOCHES. Donaldsville ............... La. 90 Baton R>,uge ............... " 48 Mouth of Red river ........ " 87 Black river ................ " 28 Bayou Saline ............. " 20 Alexandria... ............. " 56 Regolet de Bondieu ......... " 18 'Bayou Cane ... ............ " 36 Natchitoch.es .............. " 24 24.. NEW ORLEANS TO MOBILE. lake Ponchartrain ........ . La. 5 Point Aux Herbes .......... 20 25 Lake Borgne ............... " 19 44 Malhereux Islands .......... " 10 54 Isles Santa Marie .......... " 15 69 Cat Island ............... , . " 10 79 Ship Island ................ " 6 85 Round Island .............. " 7 92 Pascagoula Bay .......... ... Mi. 9 101 Mobile, by land ............ Al. 45 146 25. NEW ORLEANS TO THE MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVE?.. Fort St. Leon and Wood ville. La. 19 Gentility .................. " 13 32 Garrets ................... " 4 36 Plaquemines. , ............. " 6 42 Point La Hache ............ " 4 46 Fort Jackson ............... " 23 69 Fort St. Philip ............ 4 73 Fork of South Pass ......... 25 98 Fork of Pass a la Loutre ---- " 6 104 Balize ..................... 5 109 Frank's Island Lighf-house, and mouth of the Mississippi " 5 114 26. ST. Louis TO FRANKLIN AND KANZAS RIVER. Choteau Island ............ Mo. 10 Missouri river .............. " 7 17 Belle Fontaine ............. 4 21 Sioux Portage .............. 7 28 StChartes ................ 12 40 Femme Osage river ......... " 17 57 Point Lookoff .............. 9 66 Marthasville ............... 14 80 Newport .................. 6 86 Pinkney ................... 7 93 Loulre Island .............. 9 102 APPENDIX. 579 State. Distance. Gasconade river " 2 114 6 1049 Osage river " 31 145 37 1086 Jefferson City 9 154 291115 Marion 17 171 51120 Rocheriver " 9 180 361156 Boonville 23 203 181174 Franklin .- 1 204 241198 River a la Mine " 7 211 27 1225 I Chariton 24 235 261251 Jefferson " 7 242 91260 Grand river " 19 261 25 1285 | Wyaconda river " 13 274 121297 Lexington 37 311 141311 Bluffion 18 329 24 1335 Fort Osage " 12 342 Liberty Landing " 18 360 ]005 Mouth of Kanzas river ..... " 15 375 27. ST. Louis TO GALENA. Choteau Island 10 Missouri river 7 17 Upper Alton 11. 7 24 Illinois river " 14 38 Gilead 49 87 Clarksville Mo. 9 % Louisiana " 12 108 Saverton 17 125 Hannibal " 7 132 River Fabius " 14 146 Wyaconda 15 161 Fort Edwards II. 13 174 River des Moines Mo. 9 183 Head of the Rapids 13 1% Henderson's river II. 38 234 Pope's river " 17 251 Fort Armstrong on Rock Isl.. " 47 298 Fever river " 42 340 Galena... " 8 348 28. GALENA TO PRAIRIE DU CHIEN river 8 Galena river Mo.T. 15 23 TetedeMortC " 9 32 Grant river M. T. 9 41 Cassville -. " 8 49 Ouisconsin river " 30 79 Prairie du Chien " 2 81 29. ST. Louis TO PEKIN, IL. Choteau Island Mo. 10 Missouri river " 7 17 UpperAlton II. 7 24 Illinois river " 14 38 Monroe 7 45 Macau pin creek " 10 55 Mauvaise Terre C " 47 102 BeardfeTown 15 117 Sangamoin river " 16 133 Spoon river " 20 153 Pekin 27 180 30. BUFFALO TO CLEVELAND. Sturgeon Point N. Y. 16 Cata raugus " 10 26 Dunkirk 13 39 Portland 18 57 Burgett's Town Pa. 18 75 Erie 17 92 Fairview 11 103 Ashtabula Ohio 28 131 Pairport < 32 163 Cleveland 30 193 31. CLEVELAND TO DETROIT. Sandusky Ohio 54 Cunningham's Island " 12 66 North Bass Island " 10 76 Middle Sister Island " 10 86 Amherstburg U. C. 20 106 Fighting Island " 6 112 Detroit M.T. 12 124 580 APPENDIX. CANAL ROUTES. 32. ERIK CANAL. State. Distance. 7 7 2 7 21 30 16 46 7 53 4 57 9 66 3 69 3 72 16 88 7 95 2 97 3 100 10 110 4 114 3 117 8 125 7 132 6 138 3 141 3 144 2 146 4 150 4 154 4 158 4 162 3 165 6 171 2 173 6 179 1 180 5 185 6 191 6 197 1 198 2 200 6 206 11 217 9 226 6 232 1 233 3 236 5 241 11 252 2 254 6 260 10 270 10 280 2 282 .3 285 5 290 5 295 2 297 8 305 4 309 5 314 1 315 6 321 12 333 7 340 12 352 8 360 3 363 7 2 9 2 11 8 19 4 23 3 26 9 35 2 37 3 40 8 48 Kinsbury State. Distance N. Y. 5 53 " 7 60 " 6 66 " 6 72 i, via Ohio canal Ohio. 22 " 12 34 " 4 38 " 5 43 " 11 54 11 65 " 6 71 " S 79 " 3 82 " 7 89 " 4 93 " 22 115 " 17 132 " 26 158 " 13 171 " 10 181 " 5 186 " 11 19T " 18 215 " S 223 " 9 232 " 23 255 " 25 280 " 14 294 " 13 307 IGATION. Pa. 8 " 9 17 " 13 30 14 44 " 4 48 " 6 54 " 10 64 " 23 87 " 4 91 " 12 103 5 108 " 2 110 , PA. Pa. 4 " 15| 19* 11| 31 " 4 35 " 9 44 " 3 47 " 3 50 " 4| 54* 18 -7?4 9$ 82- CANAL. Pa. 3 " 8 H " 17 2-S " 3 31 1 9 40 < 7 47 Narrows Whtehall 34. CLEVELAND TO PORTSMOUTJ S T ] '* "' Old Portase C ene ^- J (< S h h ' k u Little Falls " New Comer's Town Utica ' Coshocton . . . . . Irville Oriskany ' Rome *' New London " Lancaster Canaan . . * Bloomfield Canastota " Circleville New Boston " Chillicothe Piketon Kirkville* . " Luca^ville Manlius . " Portsmouth Orville.. " 35. SCHUYLKILL NA\ Manayunk Weed's Port " Reading Centre Port < Port Clinton Lakeport ...... ' { Schuylkill Ha-ven Pottsville Lyons . .... .. ? " Port Carbon Lockville " 36. UNION CANAL Newark u Pittsford " Tunnel Rochester " Water- Works Swatara Aqueduct .. Ogden " Beaver creek , Adams 37. PENNSYLVANIA Marietta Holley ' Bainbridge. . . .-. High Spire Town 1 8 55 17 72 x 17 89 ' 13 102 ' 14 1JG 1 1 1 127 ' 7 134 8 142 ; 23 165 1 3 168 c ' 37 205 ' 34 239 ' 17 256 ' 12 268 ' 15 283 ' 2 285 1 28 313 AT 11 t C Mifflin Tonnewanta .... " Black Rock " Buffalo " 33. CHABIPLAIN CANAL. Albany N Y Hollidaysburg, by railroad, Schuylerville " Guard Gates . " Fort Miller " APPENDIX. LIST OF SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL ROADS. 581 57 Co 63 M 106 U .8 130 M 14-2 Boston. Washingtonto Baltimore, Philadel- Pawt phia, Trenton, New York, New Attl Haven, Hartford, Providence, Newport, Boston, Portsmouth, Portland, Eastport, and Bangor. To Bladensburg, Md Miles 6 Vansville 8 14 Baltimore 25 Joppa Cross Roads 18 Harlbrd 6 Havrede Grace 11 74 North East, P. 10 85 Po Elkton 6 91Tho Christiana, Del 10 101 Newport 5 Wilmington 4 110 Kaaman's Creek 7 11 Chester, Pa 5 122 Darby Philadelphia 7 137 Fraukford 5 Holmesburg .. 5 147 Bristol 10 157 Morrisville 10 167 Trenton, N. J 1 Princeton 10 1 New Brunswick 16 Bridgetown 12 206 Elizabethtown 5 211 Newark 6 217 New York, N.Y 9 226 Harlem 8 234 West Farms 4 New Rochelle 7 245 Rye 8 253 Greenwich, Ct 5 258 N, Stamford 5 263 M Norwalk 9 272 Saugatuck 3 275 G Fairfield 6 281 Bridgeport 4 285 Stratford 4 289 Milford 4 293 S New Haven 10 Meriden 17 320 N Berlin 7 3-27 Hartford 10 337 East Hartford 3 340 Bath Tolland - 14 354 W< Stafford Pool 7 Sturb-idge, Mass 15 376 AI Charlton ..6 Worcester 13 395 W Westborough 9 404 Frumingham 11 415 Tl Newton H Roxbury 6 433 Ca Boston 2 434 No Road by Hartford resumed. Boston, Mass .434 .1 435 Chelsea nn 8 443 lem 5 448 Beverly 3 450 Mont Wenham 4 454 Middlesex Hamilton 2 456 W Ipswich 4 460 Rowley 4 464 R 238 Newburyport 8 472 W 168 Charlestowr 8 Lvr 194 S By Springfield. Hartford, Ct 337 Windsor 7 344 Suffield, Mass 10 354 Springfield 11 Palmer Western *.-.., Brookfield 6 385 Goldsborough Spencer 7 392 St " Leicester 5 407 Colu Worcester 6 413 Boston 39 452 M By Providence. New Haven 303 Branford 7 310 Guilford 9 319 Killingworth 9 328 Saybrook/ 9 337 Hatfi Lyme 4 341 New London 16 357 G Norwich 14 371 Jewett's City 8 379 Plainfield 7 386 Put Scituate, R.I 15 401 Westminster Providence 15 416W ucket eborough, Mass . . . Walpole 8 .436 Dedham 11 447 Boston 10 457 H 4 420 Charlestown 12 446 Weathersfield ....8 454 Windsor 9 453 Hartford 14 447 anover, Dartmouth College .4 481 By Pomfret. Hartford, Ct 337 ventry 15 352 ansfield 6 Ashford 8 mfret 11 377 mpson 6 383 Douglass, Mass 8 "xbridge 5 \Iendon 6 40'J Bellingham Medway 6 414 "edfield 6 419 Dedham 6 425 10 358 Medford, 366 St 391 S 396 Lo 435 E Newburyport to Eastport. 'ewburyport 472 errimack Bridge 3 475 Hampton, N. H 9 484 St reenland 7 491 Swanton Portsmouth 5 496 St York, Me 9 505 289 Kennebunk IS 523 Montreal 10 533St. 303 Portland 15 548 B North Yarmouth 12 560 Trois Freeport 7 567 St Brunswick 9 576 St 7 oolwieh 5 588 Wiscasset 8 576 5 581R ewcastle aldoborough 12 Warren 7 616 W omagton - 5 62 1 426Camdeu 10 631 L naan 7 rthport 5 643 Belfast 6 649 Weste Prospect Landing 6 655 Bucksport 12 66 Bluehill 17 684 Chest Surrey 365 Ellsworth 6 698 Pittsfield 6 704 Ne .16 37 1 Trenton 379 Sullivan - 6 710 Stephentown 7 717Schood: ben..." 9 726 Albany mbia 20 746 Tonesborough 9 755 achias-bridge 9 764 Machias, E. Falls '..... .6 770 Eastport 30 800 Boston to Concord, Dartmouth Coll.,N.H.; Montpclier, Burling ton, Vt. ; Montreal and Quebec. Bedford, Mass 4 .oneham 5 9 Reading 3 12 Andover 8 20 alem, N. H 10 31 ndonderry 6 37 Chester 11 48 Concord..... 15 63 Boscawen .9 72 Salisbury 6 78 Andover 8 86 nfield 18 104 Hanover, Dartmouth College 12 116 Norwich, Vt 1 117 Strafford 11 129 10 138 range 10 148 }arre 6 154 pelier 6 160 Jesex 6 166 aterbury 6 172 Bolton 8 180 ichmond 5 186 ill iston 5 190 Burlington... 8 198 Colchester 6 204 Milton 8 212 Georgia 8 220 . Albans 4 224 9 233 . Johns 34 267 La Prairie 18 285 9 294 Sulpice 35 329 erthier 30 359 Rivieres 41 400 . Ann's 24 424 . Augustine 440 464 Quebec 18 482 6 587 Newton 609 F 638 S Boston to Albany. oxbury 2 7 9 ramingham 12 21 ~estborough 9 30 Worcester 9 39 icester 6 46 Spencer 5 60 Brookfield 7 67 6 63 elchertown 14 77 Northampton 16 WJ rfield 14 107 Hinsdale . 17 124 9 133 w Lebanon Springs, N. Y.. 7 140 sphentown 9 149 Schoodic 11 160 9 169 Washington to Dartmouth College Springfield, Mass 365 Northampton 18 373 Hatfield 5 378 Deerfield 12 390 T. reenfield 4 394 Hinsdale 11 405 M Brattle borough, Vt .9 414 G ~ ney 9 4-23 10433 alpok 1 434Atbol * Boston to Greenfield, and Brattle borough. Lexington M Concord 6 16 Stow 9 24 Bolton 7 c Lancaster 4 ^3& Leominster 7 42 Westminster 10 52 empleton S 60 Athol- 868 ntague 25 93 reenfield 7 90 Boston to Brattleborough. 582 APPENDIX. IV/ieAm'//* -- Oft 7/11 Washington to Richmond, Raleigh, Columbia, Milled geville, Fort Stod- dart, Mobile, and New Orleans. Alexandria 7 Franklin IS 759 On Lake Erie. M'Intoshville, Mis 77 939 Cleveland 30 49 Dumfries ' 10 33 Washington 14 1174 Natchez 6 1180 Hnmnr-liiMn ritrpr . . . ...90 l-OAfl Sandusky 57 549 Maiden 90 639 Detroit 18 657 Aquia 9 4i Stafford 5 47 Albany to Buffalo by Cherry Valley. Guilderland 9 Vileborough 14 72 Bowline Green 8 80 St. Helena C.H 29 1268 Springfield 10 1278 Madisonville 29 1307 Fort St John 23 1330 White Chimnies 13 93 TJannv-*>r P H 10 103 Richmond 20 123 St. John's suburb 4 1334 New Orleans 2 1336 Carlisle 6 36 Sharon 10 46 Cherry Valley 6 52 Billups 9 155 Pittsburg to New Orleans, by water Mouth of the Ohio 949 New Madrid 65 1014 First Bluff 70 1080 Harrisville -23 178 Richfield 10 68 Litchfield 7 76 Gholson's 21 199 Warrenton, N. C 31 230 Lewisburg 25 255 Ralei"/i 32 287 Fort Pickering ...63 1143 Sangertield 7 81 Averysborough 35 32:2 fayetteville 25 347 White river 78 1281 Arkansaw river 14 1295 Louisiana boundary 102 1391 Morris' Flats 7 101 Cazenovia 11 112 Manlius 8 120 Winfield S C 64 411 Caindeu 52 471 Walnut Hills 14 1496 Columbia 35 506 Natchez 117 1613 Eighteen Mile Creek 18 Edgefield, C. H 56 562 Fort Adams 62 1675 Red river 18 1693 Louisville . 40 626 *>aundersville 24 650 Waterford 15 113 Milledgeville 24 674 Fort Hawkins 31 705 Donaldson ville 67 1854 Meadville 23 136 New Orleans f3 1937 Ooweta 45 780 English Turn 11 1948 Pittsbur^ 71 22'' Point Comfort 56 836 Washington to Harrisburg, and thence to Buffalo. Fort Stoddart 20 1005 Fort St Philip 44 2007 Mobile, by water 40 1045 Balize 33 2040 Montgomery, C.H.,Md.... 12 14 Clarkesburg 13 27 New Orleans 66 1218 Washington to Albany 8( Montreal. New York ci f y 226 Washington to Charleston, Savan nah, and St. Mary's, Fayetteville 347 Lumberton 23 380 Kinesbridge 5 231 Peekskill 31 262 Fishkill 20 232 Poughkeepsie 12 294 Staatsbnrg 11 305 Rhinebeck 6 311 Emmitsburg 11 65 Carlisle - 27 101 Harrisburg 18 119 Halifax 19' 138 Pedee river, S. C 60 440 China Grove 20 460 Georgetown 22 482 Hudson 37 34S Kinderhook .... 10 358 Sunbury 37 175 Charleston 45 543 Albany 30 388 Waterford 11 399 Milton H 188 Coosa wliatchie 6 613 Saratoga 15 423 Fort Edward 12 435 Tioga 65 280 Bryan C. H 15 672 Whitehall 25 460 Painted Post 12 302 Midway 12 684 Burlington, Vt. OB the lake .70 630 Plattsburg 20 550 St Johns 60 610 Hath 18 320' Riceborough 5 689 M'Intosh C H 17 706 Danville 27 347 Albany to Buffalo, Sandusky, and Detroit. Washington to Pittsburg and Erie. Yedericktown, as above 42. Washington to New Orlans, by Knoxville. Fredericksburg, Va 68 Palatine 24 51 3oonsborough . ..6 57 Vlanheim 6 67 Little Falls 11 68 VIessersburg, Pa 16 85 Charlottesville 34 144 New Hartford 4 96 Rlonrlv Kiui 6 115 Bedford 8 123 Sullivan 9 116 Manlius 11 127 r ameaville 7 134 Onondaga Hollow 10 144 Greensburg 36 19S Pittsburg ...30 228 Fincastle 26 258 Wythe C. H 38 346 Abingdon 58 404 Blountsville Ten 24 428 Aurelius 4 172 T '- : ~ 1 * t qfif * Rossville 18 446 Cayuga 5 177J Geneva 13 '90 Washington to Detroit. Pittsburg 228 Beavertown 30 268 Rutledge 34 505 Knoxville 33 538 Canandaigua 16 206 Bloomfield 12 218 Lima 5 223 New Lisbon 30 289 APPENDIX. 583 Cleveland 36 380 Saaman's creek, Del 5 20 Sandusky 57 437 Vlaysville, or Limestone, Ken..... 1 491 ^t C 1 ' "*in Brownstown 18 523 Cantwell's. . .. 9 51 By Gallipolis. Philadelphia to Pittsburg. Buck Tavern 9 Belpre 15 332 Fredericka 12 86 Troy.. 11 343 MJifrvr^ Downingstown 21 30 Gap Hill 9 39 Lading Creek 24 367 Fairhaven 11 378 Clowes 13 106 Lancaster 23 62 Elizabethtown 18 80 3-allipolis 4 382 Portsmouth 44 426 Alexandria 2 428 Trap, Md 11 144 Harrisburg 9 97 Carlisle 16 113 Preston 21 449 Horntown, Va 16 180 Maysville Ken 25 474 A "">< p u - i* ion Washington 4 478 Northampton C. H 25 220 Wnt-fn 11- fin OQA Blue Licks . . 20 498 M'Connelsburg 8 164 Pittsburg 133 297 Lexington 22 541 Versailles 13 554 Suffolk . . ... 23 309 P^nctonf AT P Philadelphia to Baltimore, by Lan caster. Shelbyville 19 585'Parker 5 34C Middleton 605 ^ l -'' p * n 17 aK>7 Louisville, falls of Ohio... 12 617 Jeffersonville, In 1 618 Clarkesville 1 619 Uross Albemarle Sound to Plymouth 18 375 York 12 84 Washington 32 407 Baltimore 48 132 Kaskaskia 11 - 146 900 Baltimore to Pittsburg. Hookstown 8 Reistertown 12 20 M.Louis, Mo 22 957 St Charles 21 978 Wilmington *. 56 542 W T estmiuster 11 31 Washington to St. Louis and St. Charles, by Shawneetown. Georgetown, S C 48 670 Augusta, Geo. to Lexington, Ken. through the Cherokee nation. Columbia C. H. Geo 22 Ray's Mills 13 35 Pittsburg, as above 142 330 Washington to Chillicothe, Frank fort, Vincennes, Kaskaskia, St. Louis, and St. Charles, hy Pitts burg. Flizabethtown ... 10 634 Hardensburg 37 671 Ypllnw Rnnlr 47 718 Washington 15 60 Mor^anfield 21 774 Athens 16 89 Wheeling, Va 32 287 St Clairsville 11 29S Clarkesborough .. 20 109 Salt Springs 12 801 Appalache river 22 131 Morris Town 10 308 Big Muddy river 47 818 Enter Cherokee nation.... Cambridge 10 34*2 Zanesville 25 36? Kaskaskia ....49 917 Elawa river 18 164 Tarlton 18 421 Cahokia ...47 978 Tocking Rock river 11 180 Oostanaulee riv., E. branch 12 201 Vans 17 218 Oostanaulee riv. W. branch 17 235 Chillicotfie 16 437 St. Louis, Mo. T 3 981 St. Charles 21 1002 By Marietta. Fairfax C H Va 15 Washington to Jfashville, Natchez, and New Orleans. Tellieo 33 286 Nicholasville . 14 555 Boundary of the Cherokee nat i on . 13 299 Millwood 8 64 Stanford 19 580 Knoxville, Ten 27 326 Greensburg 75 665 Crossing Little Barren river 12 667 Blue'Spring 10 677 Placnid Clinton Grand Gulf Vicksburg Grand Gulf Clinton Port Gibson 5400 7.25 Jackson and Brandon Jackson Brandon 14.00 LOUISIANA. Rail roads. Pontchartrain New Orleans Lake Pontchartrain 4.50 West Feliciana St. Francisville Woodville, Mp. 2000 Atchafalaya Alexandria and CheneyviHe New Orleans and Carrolton Point Coupee* Alexandria New Orleans Opelousas Cheneyville Lafayette 30.00 3000 11.25 Canals. Orleans Bank New Orleans Lake Pontchartrain 4.25 Barataria Near New Orleans Berwick's Bay 85.00 Lake Veret Lake Veret , La Fourche River 8.00 TENNESSEE. Rail-roads. La Grange and Memphis Somerville Branch La Grange Moscow /-v=> Memphis Somerville 5000 10.00 Highwassee West. & Atlan. R. R 98.50 KENTUCKY. ^ Rail-road. Lexington and Ohio Louisville Lexington 92.75 ILLINOIS. Rail-roads. Meredosia and Jacksonville Meredosia Jacksonville 2000 Coal Mine Bluffs Illinois Coal Mine 6.00 Canal. Illinois and Michigan Chicago Peru : .105.00 INDIANA. Canals. Wabash and Erie Lafayette^ Lake Erie 187.00 Whitewater Lawrenceburg Brookville 30.00 Rail-road. Madison and Indianapolis Madison Indianapolis 95.00 OHIO. Canals. Ohio and Erie Portsmouth Cleveland 30700 Columbus Branch Columbus Canal 1000 Lancaster Branch Lancaster Cana* 900 Hocking Lancaster Athens 50.00 Zanesville Branch ZanesviTle Canal 14.00 Walhonding Branch Miami Walhonding River Cincinnati Canal Defiance 23.00- 178.00 Warren Branch Middletown Lebanon 2000 Sandy and Beaver Bolivar Ohio River 76 00 Mahoning Akron Beaver River 7700 Rail-roads. Mad River and Sandusky City Ohio Tiffin Manhattan Sandusky City Sandusky City 36.00 40.00 MICHIGAN. Rail-roads. Central Detroit Ann Arbor 44.00 Erie and Kalamazoo Toledo Adrian 33.00 Ypsilanti and Tecumseh Ypsilanti Tecumseh 25.00 Detroit, and Pontiac Detroit. Pontiac 25.00 NOTE. There are about 4 ,000 miles of canals in the United States, and about 5,000 miles of rail-roads. t- h * *