UC-NRLF ^B b2M 7Tfl r ?! } 5 1- t Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2008 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/detajls/essentialsofspelOOpearrich ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING BY HENRY CARR PEARSON PRINCIPAL OF HORACE MANN SCHOOL TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY AND HENRY SUZZALLO PRESIDENT OF UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SOMETIME PROFESSOR OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION TEACHERS COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY NEW YORK CINCINNATI CHICAGO BOSTON ATLANTA Copyright, 1919, by HENRY CARR PEARSON and HENRY SUZZALLO All Rights Reserved ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING P. 4 I CC,C,CCC,t( PREFACE Vocabulary. — This speller represents an attempt to teach only the essential words of the written vocabularies of children and adults. These essential words are those that are used frequently by the majority of people, and not those used occasionally by a few. It is an effort to study the spelling problem scientifically. It advocates fewer words and more drills for investigation has shown that the spelling vocabulary that is common to a group of adults is surprisingly small. The regular lessons of this book, therefore, present the two thousand most important words, while supplementary lists contain more than a thousand words that are less important or less difficult. The words in the regular lessons for each half grade should first be carefully studied, and then, if there is sufficient time, the words of the supplementary list of that half grade should be learned. The selection of these three thousand words represents a vast amount of labor extending over a period of several years. Thousands of children's compositions from the Horace Mann School and other schools have been ex- amined, and use has been made of the scientific studies of adults' and children's vocabularies by Jones, Ayres, Pryor, Eldridge, Smith, Woolfolk, Cook and O'Shea, and Chancellor. All of the one thousand words of the Ayres Measuring Scale are given in the book. The resulting iii 403322 iv ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING list contains not only words which children are most likely to use in their daily written work but also words which they will most probably use after leaving school. Further- more, since these vocabulary studies have been made in various parts of the country, the composite list is free from the influence of any particular locaHty. These words have been carefully graded on the basis of their use by children in written compositions. This limited, basal vocabulary of about three thousand words should be supplemented to meet the special needs of different groups of children. Since it is obvious that no single textbook can meet completely such varied condi- tions, teachers should add such words of local importance as are peculiarly needed by their pupils. Near the end of the book (pages 1 6 7-1 71) are lists of words for rural, urban, and industrial communities from which such words may be chosen. Finally, the vocabulary of every textbook needs supple- mentation from the personal vocabulary of the individual pupil. Each child is somewhat different from every other in his personal experiences and impressions. This leads to the spontaneous use of words not on the common list. These must be mastered if the individual's writing is to be free of misspellings. The personal spelling list of troublesome words for individual study is a necessity in final spelling efficiency. Method. — Psychological evidence now shows clearly that correct spelhng results chiefly from appropriate and continuous drill. In the Directions to Teachers (pages vii to xii) such a drill method is described in detail. It has been successfully used in a number of schools for PREFACE V several years, and represents results obtained from the best experimental data available. Flexibility. — The use of this book is not confined to any single device. The Directions to Teachers show how some teachers may follow the plan of the book more or less rigidly, while others may use the book in a manner that will allow the pupil more initiative and judgment. The aim should always be to make it possible for pupils to acquire good methods of study. Reviews. — Adequate review of all words in the regular lessons is provided ; but the words that thousands of chil- dren have found most difficult to spell, including the so- called " Hundred Demons " ^ and others, are reviewed more often than the easier words. The Dictation Review exercises employ, with rare ex- ceptions, only words previously taught. The sentences are short, and are better for this purpose than selections from literature because the pupil's time is not wasted in memorizing the spelling of unusual words. Simplicity. — Since the words taught are the common ones found in children's written vocabularies, much time can be saved in developing their meaning. Furthermore, no artificial means are needed to awaken interest through pictures or other devices. No diacritical marks are given, except in the dictionary pronouncing lists and in a few footnotes, as it is believed that the main reliance in spelling should be placed upon the cor- rect visualization of the word to be learned, and that this image should not be confused by such marks. When a word ' The words listed by Dr. W. Franklin Jones, of the University of South Dakota, as " One Hundred Spelling Demons of the English Langiiage," are marked with an asterisk in the re- view lists at the end of the book. Vi ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING is first presented on the printed page, its division into sylla- bles is indicated by a slight spacing, because it is believed that this will help the pupil to see the word accurately. When the word appears again, however, among the review words of the next lesson, syllabication is not indicated. The dictionary pronouncing lists at the back of the book show, from the fourth grade on, the markings found in Webster's New International Dictionary, Webster's Second- ary-School Dictionary, Webster's Elementary-School Dic- tionary, etc. These lists are primarily for the teacher, but may also be consulted by pupils and will serve to familiarize them with dictionary usage. DIRECTIONS FOR TEACHERS Method. — It has been proved by careful experimenta- tion ^ that class drill under the direction of the teacher is more efficient than individual study by the unsupervised pupil. The time on the daily program devoted to spelling should be spent largely on class drill under the direction of the teacher; in other words, it should be devoted to teaching rather than to testing. The following procedure for the spelling period is suggested, but there should be sufficient change to insure variety. In each group of words (in the Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Grades) the two nerjo words of the lesson are indicated by heavy type, while the review words appear in ordinary type. Write one of the two new words on the blackboard in its normal form and teach it in accordance with the following plan. Then erase it and write the other word, teaching it in the same way. (a) While writing the word, pronounce it distinctly. {h) Develop the meaning orally, either by calling on the pupils for a sentence using the word, or by giving such a sentence or the definition of the word. (c) Show the syllables into which the word is divided, either by drawing vertical lines between the syllables or by covering parts of the word so as to expose only one syllable at a time. Call on pupils to spell orally by syllables. Have them indicate the part of the word that presents difficulties, or the part of the word they already know. 1 See the Teachers College Record, January, 191 2. viii ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING (d) Have the pupils write the word on practice paper several times, spelling it quietly as they write. (e) Allow the class a moment in which to look at the word again, and then have them close their eyes and try to visualize it. Use other devices of a similar nature. Provide considerable repetition, both oral and written. After the second word is erased, the complete list of new and review words in the day's lesson should be studied from the book. Allow the class three or four minutes for independent study of this whole list, urging each pupil to spend the most time on the words he thinks difficult. The time for this independent study should be limited so that every pupil will attend vigorously and intensively. Call upon pupils individually and in concert to spell the whole list without looking at the book. Refer them to the book again when they hesitate. After this short period of intensive study, dictate all the words to the class, using each word in a sentence first, then pronouncing it alone, distinctly. Special Recommendations. — (i) Have each pupil keep in a notebook an alphabetical list of troublesome individual words, and see that he reviews this frequently. Occasion- ally test him on this list. (2) The teacher should form a class list of troublesome words and have frequently a review lesson (with class drill) on these words. (3) In the general reviews of all words taught some form of competition is desirable, such as spelling matches or team contests, with permanent records kept of team results. (4) Beginning with the Fourth Grade the habit of going to the dictionary to verify the spelling or pronunciation DIRECTIONS FOR TEACHERS ix of a word should be urged, and appropriate class exercises in the use of the dictionary should be systematically given. (5) An important duty of the teacher is to develop a spelling consciousness. This may be secured by making the pupil feel that he should look over all written work to discover spelling errors, and that he should verify the spelling of a doubtful word from the dictionary or from some persoh before attempting to write it. Discourage guessing. (6) Do not waste time during the spelling period in developing the definition of a word that is fairly well understood by the class. The contextual use of the word in a variety of good sentences is a good and brief method of teaching its meaning. The class period should give a large amount of varied drill in the actual speUing of the new words of the lesson. (7) The emphasis with younger children should be upon an auditory method of drill and with older children upon a visual method, but no single method should be used ex- clusively. The pupil should see, hear, pronounce, and write. (8) Remember that repetition should be accompanied by attention, and that motivation lessens the need of repetition ; hence the folly of requiring pupils " to write a word twenty-five times " mechanically. (9) It is advisable to teach short groups of words in their natural relations. too cold there is to school their mother two boys ought to have gone This is true particularly of homonyms. X ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING (lo) Avoid calling attention unnecessarily to the wrong form ; for example, never say " Do not use two I's in until/' but say rather *' Notice the one / in until.'' Conduct of Review Lessons. — Some form of competi- tion will furnish a desirable stimulus in reviews. This rivalry may be between two groups or teams in a room, each with its chosen captain, or between two rooms, or each pupil may compete against his own record. In the latter case, charts showing the weekly or monthly progress of each pupil should be posted in a conspicuous place in the classroom. If these reviews are written, which as a rule is advisable, the words should be dictated in sentences or connected discourse. The short sentences for dictation found in the textbook may be used for this purpose, or the teacher may formulate a new context. Occasional oral spelling contests furnish a desirable variation. In the conduct of spelling matches avoid the danger (a) of giving the poor spellers the least drill, and (b) of having incorrect spellings repeated too often. This may be done by the teacher's spelling the word correctly orally and in writing, when a child misspells, and crediting the opposite side with one point. The teacher may then require the child to write the misspelled word on a slip of paper, allowing him to remain in line so as to secure the benefit of further drill with his team. At the end of the contest, the pupils who have slips of paper may be called up by the teacher for individual drill on the words they missed. How the Book May Be Used. — (i) If it is apparent to the teacher that her class needs drill on about all the words given in the text for their grade, the order of the book DIRECTIONS FOR TEACHERS xi should be followed. In Grades Two to Six the words in each group under the Arabic numbers are designed for a day's lesson, the words in hea\y type being the new words for intensive study, and the others being review words. These should be studied by the method described above. Each lesson called '^ Dictation Review " reviews the new words of the preceding four lessons as well as many im- portant words previously taught. The sentences for Dic- tation Review furnish appropriate material for testing these review words. At the end of each two months' work a summary of all words presented in that period is given, and enough time should be spent on this list to insure thorough mastery by all the class. Again at the end of each half year's work a careful review of these words should be made. A list of the words taught in each half grade is printed at the end of the book, arranged in alpha- betical order. Beginning with the Fourth Grade, dic- tionary markings are added, so that these half-yearly review lists may be consulted at any time for the correct pronunciation of a word. The pupils should be taught the use of the diacritic marks, as a preparation for using the dictionary. (2) If it is apparent that a considerable number of the words assigned to a grade are already known by a majority of the class, it is obviously a waste of time and effort to drill upon all words alike. Under such conditions the wise teacher will first find what words the class already knows and then concentrate her attention on those words that require special drill. Such a procedure requires skill and adaptability on the part of the teacher, but is highly effec- tive. The teacher may first test her class upon the eight xii ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING new words of a given week by means of the sentences under Dictation Review. Then class and individual drill may be given to those words that are apparently unknown. If, however, it is desirable to have the preliminary test cover a larger unit of work, the bi-monthly review list can be used, all the dictation sentences of that interval serving as material for the initial test. The words that need special emphasis will thus be revealed, and appropriate drill upon them should follow. The teacher will probably find many words that should be taught to all her pupils by the class- drill method, while others that present special difficulties to certain pupils only should be studied by them inde- pendently. Much of the time saved by such a method should be spent in teaching the class the words from the supplementary lists of the proper grade. ESSENTIAI.S OF SPELLING SECOND GRADE First Half Year To THE Teacher. Please read carefully the Directions to Teachers on pages vii-xii before beginning to use this book. The following simple words are usually learned during the First Grade. All of them are used in the dictation reviews of the Second Grade. Before proceeding with the Second Grade you should review the class on this Ust, if necessary, to be sure that every pupil can spell each word. Review of the Jfir^ "Grade a by him '; no the am Gan I oi to an cat in on up and do is or us are dog it ran we at go man run you be he me see boy her my she ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 1 2 3 4 look red came this doll cap car road her cat red car are you cap look him doll run came can look see red 5. Dictation Review I. Look at my doll. 2. Her cap is red. in the car. 4. We can go on this road. 3. I came II 6 7 ^ ,^ \ 8 9 went , ■ gMlVV'-' ^, good Uves away saw< ^ \ «^' ' ' ' < "^ ' ' , c ' " ' way house this cc^ ^c, f\y(toii ' glad way came went away road road ran came went cap away saw good 10. Dictation Review I. The man went away. 2. I am glad we saw him. 3. He is a good man. 4. This is the way to go. 5. He lives in this house. SECOND GRADE, FIRST HALF III 11 12 13 14 read give took cow book back your milk car read give your saw away back took lives book good way house dog lives glad 15. Dictation Review I. Can you read the book? 2. Give it back to me. 3. I took your cap. 4. The cow gives milk. IV 16 17 18 19 bird new bring king sing ring some queen cow good new bring milk house glad some back bird ring read road sing doll lives 20. Dictation Review I. The bird can sing. 2. See my new ring. 3. Bring me some milk. 4. The king and the queen went by in a car. ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 21 22 23 24 come dig let must with sand into bed king come dig let queen bring new into took with some with milk bird sand your 25. Dictation Review I. Come with I us. 2. See him dig in the sand. 3. Lei us go into the house. 4. You must go to bed. VI 26 27 28 29 want ball did faU more round call from bed want ball did into more good call must dig come sing queen some round give 30. Dictation Review I. I want some more sand. 2. A ball is round. 3. Did you call the cat or the dog? 4. Did she fall from the car? SECOND GR.\DE, FIRST HALF VII 31 32 33 34 poor eat has his girl nut gone cup fall poor eat sand want girl nut fall from book ring has with round saw gone 35. Dictation Review I. Give the poor girl a doll. 2. Did you eat a nut ? 3. Has the boy gone away? 4. He has no milk in his cup. Review (Sections I-VII) To THE Teacher. In testing a das containing it, and then repeat the word. s upon a word, For example, , give first a simple sentence "I like to play ball. Ball." red bed let ball call fall sing ring king glad eat read book took look with give lives cap cup cow new bring milk back came good must bird girl his nut more doll road from car this went sand poor round dig has way away come some gone want your into house queen 6 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING VIII 36 37 38 39 old told lost hold cold all gold box his old told lost cup call round girl took cold all gold want gone house ball 40. Dictation Review I. The poor old man is cold. 2. He told us all to run. 3. She lost her gold ring. 4. Can you hold the box? IX 41 42 43 44 best same eyes one dress class blue glass hold best same blue box into class give come gold told more gone dress must eyes 45. Dictation Review I. This is my best dress. 2. We are in the same class. 3. Are your eyes blue ? 4. Give me one glass of milk. SECOND GRADE, FIRST HALF 46 47 48 49 fill fa ther moth er little bag says made broth er one bag father mother box best says lost glass poor old made from fill hold dress 50. Dictation Review I. Fill the bag with sand. 2. Father says we must do it. 3. My mother made me a red dress. 4. Did you see my little brother? XI 51 52 63 54 play may two our game try three God little play may two same fill try class brother want one glass says game eat three 55. Dictation Review I. Let us play a new game. 2. May I try to play it? 3, Two and one are three. 4. God is our Father. 8 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XII 56 57 68 59 like fish open had apple water mouth gun our like fish cow God game try open three apple water mouth blue play father cold 60. Dictation Review I. Do you like your apple? 2. A fish lives in water. 3. Open your mouth. 4. The man had a gun. XIII 61 62 63 64 face last after right clean night dark hand had face last after gun mouth mother fish two clean night like says little eyes dark I. Is your face clean? I came back after dark. 65. Dictation Review 2. Last night I ran away. 4. Hold up your right hand. SECOND GRADE, FIRST HALF 9 xrv^ 66 67 68 69 snow ' feet large big deep dry- room bear hand deep dry large clean open nut queen right snow feet face three night brother room 70. Dictation Review I. The snow is deep. 2. Are your feet dry: ' 3. My room is large. 4. I saw a big bear in the road Review (Sections VIII-XIV) old bag fish like clean cold big may game mouth hold all play same water gold bear best last dress told face blue after large one room lost class apple two snow eyes glass little three feet says right father God deep hand night mother try fill our gun brother dry box dark open made For complete list of words taught in the Second Grade, First Half Year, see page 172. 10 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLE^G Supplementary Words (Second Grade, First Half) See Preface, page iii. fat held li on end hen ^ beU cage rug duck play ing older dug mud sled old est bonfc as trying big gest fox far bat boxes fast flat tries bark rich rock add park cake pet some thing rob in fix lamb nice nest pin gave somebody toy but hand ful call ing cart slow spiU fall ing rub tiU Second Grade, Second Half Year XV 71 72 73 74 have going ask dear flag ride them ba by- big have ride feet bear made hand ask dry last deep our water flag going them 75. Dictation Review I. Have you a flag at your house? 2. You are going to ride with us. 3. Did you ask them to sing? 4. This is our dear baby. XVI 78 79 hat put mine head hot hat sun them flag mine right large 80. Dictation Review 2. It is hot in the sun. 3. This 4. Put your hat on your head. 76 77 Stay- hot yard Sim bed eat dear stay mother room baby yard 80. D I . Stay in the yard. hat is mine. 4. Puty 12 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XVII 81 82 83 84 not four shut why- hard five door floor put not four shut stay ask five ride head have two door going hard three bear 85. Dictation Review I. No, this apple is not hard. 2. Four and one are five. 3. Did you shut the door? 4. Why is your hat on the floor? XVIII 86 how wind why- all hard floor I. How cold the wind is ! 2. Ask her to wash the win- dow. 3. We are having some fun. 4. Do not sit up late. 87 88 89 wash hav ing Sit window fun late head wash fun five dark gun how blue put wind window having 90. Dictation Review SECOND GRADE, SECOND HALF 13 XIX 91 92 93 94 fire will wet stand burns push foot here sit fire will wet late hot why- wash God sun push foot mine burns mouth having 95. Dictation Review I. See how the fire burns. 2. My father will push the car back. 3. My right foot is not at all wet. 4. AH right, you may stand here. XX 96 97 98 99 tell does feU stop about well tree noon here tell here fell four dear does wind stand water well tree snow about floor door 100. Dictation Review I. Tell me about the baby. 2. Does she look well? 3. A nut fell from the tree. 4. You must stop at noon. 14 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XXI 101 102 103 104 six out get if seven rain for say- stop six out get will about rain for noon stand wet does four seven window going 105. Dictation Review I. Six and one are seven. 2. He is out in the rain. 3. Will you get some water for me? 4. He will come back if you say he must. Review (Sections XV-XXI) See Note to Teacher, page 5. SIX seven for sun fell hard four out ask fun tell yard shut about if say well five late stand get stay tree flag have will wet how push ride dear burns not put here baby door wind hot hat wash mine floor window sit fire them rain does going why foot head stop noon having SECOND GRADE, SECOND HALF 15 XXII 106 107 108 109 that cut was stood dish down there street say that cut there if dish late baby rain out down was seven foot floor push 110. Dictation Review I. Put an apple in that dish. 2. The boy cut down a tree. 3. Was there a flag in the yard? 4. His brother stood in the street. XXIII 111 112 113 114 began then SO bad make walk much day stood began there so red down burns dish fire make walk having street tell then much 115. Dictation Review I. We began to make a playhouse. 2. Then we took a walk. 3. I do not like so much snow. 4. It is a bad day for the game. 16 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XXIV 116 117 118 119 hit ten take catch arm men time fly here six ten take bad then men much day hit king time say arm street stood 120. Dictation Review I. Do not hit my arm. 2. Here are ten men. 3. Ask them to clean the street. 4. Take time to do it well. 5. Did you catch that fly ? XXV 121 122 123 124 help eight jump name to-day nine over song fly help eight over much make does men day began nine ride catch to-day arm jump 125. Dictation Review I. My mother will help you to-day. 2. Eight and one are nine. 3. Can your dog jump over the box ? 4. Tell me the name of that song. SECOND GRADE, SECOND HALF 17 XXVI 126 127 128 129 said now found love sick begin pa per sis ter song said begin paper take sick now noon name there fly found stop time walk eyes 130. Dictation Review I. He said he was sick. 2. Is he all right now? 3. Let us begin the game. 4. Have you found some paper? 5. I love my little sister. XXVII 131 132 133 134 goes keep long left home most ears leg catch goes keep ears love home song two eight jump dear long sister begin most said 135. Dictation Review I. She goes home at noon. 2. I keep most of the milk for the baby. 3. Your dog has long ears. 4. The ball hit his left leg. 18 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XXVIII 136 137 138 139 find they never making soft led miss white left find they miss leg .ears found nine goes soft led home name having says never 140. Dictation Review I. Did you find some snow? 2. Is it hard or soft? 3. They led the bear into the yard. 4. I never miss a ball game. 5. My sister is making a white dress for the baby. XXIX 141 142 143 144 lay yes feed first its show pig step white goes yes pig they soft left feed most lay show making making its never keep 145. Dictation Review I. Lay the doll on its bed. 2. Yes, show him your ring. 3. Father is going to feed the pig. her first step to-day. 4. Baby took SECOND GRADE, SECOND HALF 19 5. Two and eight are ten. 6. They said there was some snow here in the yard. 7. We are making a blue cap for my doll. 8. Does she help you much ? 9. She says she is having a good time. 146. Our Flag I am your flag — red, white, and blue. All that is dear I keep for you. For home and right, in the days to be, The best you have you must give to me. Review (Sections '. XXII-XXIX) ten hit find most sister men cut over goes day led was that sick to-day then keep down love lay leg feed much step catch so street jump nine first yes show white long eight now said miss song there pig they walk soft stood its home left name found arm dish make began paper bad help take begin having fly time ears never making For complete list of words taught in the Second Grade, Second Half Year, see page 173- 20 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING Supplementary Words (Second Grade, Second Half) See Preface, page iii. fairy set fed taU sat lamp wild lame sit ting fold goat tame cradle tent got mouse kept lent rope mice a live lend tie bite awake pony fun ny bit ba bies po nies bug lips cry nmning flew can not cried jumped flies spin candy bend flying tak ing gum bent rain bow paint doing puU aft er noon stir THIRD GRADE First Half Year To THE Teachkr. Please read pages vii-xii. 1 2 3 4 sky air be fore beg above clear start meat does dear air start says sky show there step above clear first some much begin before 6. Dictation Review I. The sky is above us. 2. The air is clear. 3. It may rain before we start. 4. See the dog beg for meat. n 6 7 8 9 sale when easy bare mar ket smile les son winter beg sky when lesson meat market above easy start sale said goes air after smile feed 22 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 10. Dictation Review I. Meat is for sale at the market. 2. You look best when you smile. 3. This lesson is easy. 4. In winter the trees are bare. Homonyms NOTK. A homonym is a word that sounds like another word but has a different meaning. bare Do not sit on the bare floor. bear The man led a big bear. I cannot bear to have you go. Ill 11 12 13 14 drop child gray read card speak coat once bare smile they gray easy drop above sale before card child meat winter when speak coat 15. Dictation Review I. Did you drop this card? 2. Speak to the child. 3. His bare arms must be cold. 4. He may have my gray coat. 5. I have read that book once. Homonyms read Have you read this book ? red She has a red dress. THIRD GRADE, FIRST HALF 23 IV 16 17 18 19 use were full west soap short moon fair once its drop full beg use were bare readi easy lesson moon child soap short coat 20. Dictation Review I. Use some soap on your face. 2. They said they were going for a short ride. 3. There was a full moon last night. 4. The west wind may bring a fair day. 21 22 23 24 sent kind high which food act hill part fair food act high west gray now dear read^ sent kind hill show find yes sister 25. Dictation Review I. My father sent some food to a sick boy. 2. It was a kind act. 3. I live on a high hill. 4. Which part of the book do you like best ? ' As in " I have read it." 24 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING VI 26 27 28 29 low hope hole please shoes lady- wall change when low act moon sent shoes hope gray part card lady wall which full sale hole 30. Dictation Review I. I have on low shoes. 2. I hope the lady will give us some candy. 3. The mouse ran into a hole in the wall. 4. Please change your dress. VII 31 32 33 34 what an oth er any- cost think drink other dollar please what drink any change part hill low shoes think food other which lady another please 35. Dictation Review I. What do you think of my pony? 2. May I have another drink of milk? 3. Have you read any other book? 4. What will you read now ? 5. This meat cost a dollar. THIRD GRADE, FIRST HALF 25 VIII 36 37 38 • 39 skate win feel dance ice race happy party cost ice win other wall skate change feel dollar leg race happy high beg use once short kind shoes which 40. Dictation Review I. I like to skate on the ice. 2. Try to win the race. 3. Do you feel happy? 4. Did you dance at the party? IX 41 42 43 44 green sleep a cross bas ket grass alone gar den table dance race sleep across what green feel ice party grass alone garden please speak winter skate • 45. Dictation Review I. The grass is green. 2. I sleep alone. 3. We ran across the gar den. 4. The basket is all right now. 5. Put it back on the table. 26 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING Review (Sections I-IX) See Note to Teacher, i 5age 5. ice race lady card food dollar use sale gray start moon winter air cost drop part when happy fair high once party what before sky sent were think which change low kind west drink smile across beg bare table alone skate grass act wall short easy shoes basket win soap child meat dance garden hill coat feel clear above market full hole sleep speak lesson other any hope green please read^ another 46 47 X 48 49 send buy- cook com ing a gain ^ but ter corn along table send led corn which meat buy green basket again butter cook winter dollar sleep party lAsin " I have read it.'' ' « Pronounced ((i-ggn'j . THIRD GRADE, FIRST HALF 27 50. Dictation Review I. Did your mother send you to the market again? 2. Yes, I had to buy some butter. 3. What will she cook to-day? 4. Do you eat much corn? 5. I saw a bear coming along the road. Homonyms buy Will you buy a red apple for me ? by This basket was made by a little girl. XI 51 52 53 54 sec ond write free school grade letter turkey farm along kind write turkey alone second speak west dollar which letter free coming grade high clear 55. Dictation Review I. My sister is in the second grade. 2. When did you write that letter? 3. Let the turkey go free. 4. The new school is west of our farm. Homonyms write Please write to your brother, right This is my right hand. Are we on the right road ? 28 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XII 56 57 58 59 be cause those chair heard smoke front desk cough farm second write chair letter along coming again school smoke those desk lesson because front basket 60. Dictation Review I. She does not see us because of the smoke. 2. Those in front may sit down. 3. Which chair may I have? 4. This desk is mine. 5. I heard you cough. XIII 61 62 63 64 dirt top sum mer can't sight dead warm finish cough sight once warm hope shoes top grass heard dirt dead sent butter buy dance summer 65. Dictation Review I. Is there any dirt in sight? 2. The top of the tree is dead. 3. The days are warm in summer. 4. They can't finish the game before noon. THIRD GRADE, FIRST HALF 29 XIV 66 67 68 69 sell east few aunt quart yes ter day felt died can't sell east felt finish school garden chair across quart turkey few another heard yesterday free 70. Dictation Review I. Will you sell me a quart of milk? 2. We had an east wind yesterday. 3. A few of the boys said they felt cold. 4. My aunt died last winter. XV 71 72 73 74 both uncle soon be hind early church for get board aunt both uncle heard died cough east forget school early church summer because write dead soon 75. Dictation Review I. We both get up early. 2. My uncle went with me to church yesterday. 3. He will not soon forget you. 4. There is a mouse behind that board. 30 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XVI 76 77 78 79 bought built quick only coal small trip flower behind coal letter trip those start built grade board bought small quick second butter yesterday warm 80. Dictation Review I. The man bought some coal. 2. We have built a small church. 3. Be quick now. 4. You must make another trip. 5. I have only one white flower. XVII 81 82 83 84 Sunday Tuesday Thursday Saturday Monday Wednesday Friday date only . board yesterday finish flower chair forget basket easy Sunday Tuesday Thursday catch Monday Wednesday Friday Correct abbreviations are: Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat. 85. Dictation Review I. My father and mother go to church on Sunday. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday THIRD GRADE, FIRST HALF 31 are school days. 3. On Saturday, I play in our yard. 4. What is the date of that letter? Old Saying Solomon Grundy, Worse or I Friday, Born on Monday, Died on Saturday, Christened on Tuesday, Buried on Sunday ; Married on Wednesday, This is the end Sick on Thursday, Of Solomon Grundy. Review (Sections X-XVir ) corn both top desk Sunday aunt can't small forget Sun. few built write butter Monday cook chair quick letter Mon. dead uncle sight church Tuesday buy front smoke school Tues. sell send quart coming Wednesday felt free again second Wed. east along grade summer Thursday dirt died early behind Thurs. date soon heard bought ' Friday warm those cough flower Fri. only coal finish because Saturday trip board turkey yesterday Sat. For a list of all words taught in the Third Grade, First Half Year, see page 174. 32 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING Supplementary Words (Third Grade, First Half) See Preface, bow brook arrow cool drum than swing mud dy build pond barn broad shed path pine pink halli bud lock rab bit key chew spoke mule clap drag twice bee steep hon ey bank sleep y cave kit ten page iii. crack plate drank pint grapes rice spoon roast melt boil soup hurry nurse lucky farm er rag ged beg gar pure rub ber o ver shoes o ver coat boots stock ings dirty begun hop ing born spot dare hate east ern west em sheet alike Homonyms be The air will soon be clear. bee The bee makes honey for us. iThe hall in a house. Third Grade, Second Half Year XVIII 86 87 88 89 fail nail swim a round mail cover pail each early- mail nail pail date ice only small Saturday fail quick bought Tuesday dirt cover swim 90. Dictation Review I. Do not fail to mail my letter. 2. Nail the cover on the box. 3. Here is a little fish in this pail. 4. See it swim. 5. There is a high wall around each garden. XIX 91 92 93 94 of ten 1 seed fond half spell ground horse poxmd each spell seed fond around soap buy nail low often summer horse butter Wednesday ground coming 95. Dictation Review I. How often do you spell at school? 2. Put the seed into the ground. 3. I am fond of my horse. 4. Here is a half pound of butter. Pronounced (8f"n). 33 34 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XX 96 97 98 99 hear care these broke band body chil dren through half hear care these pound pail body write sell top around aunt fail band few love often miss fond children 100. Dictation Review I. I hear a band coming down the street. 2. Take good care of your body. 3. These children were at the party. 4. I broke through the ice. Homonyms hear Did you hear that bird sing? here Here are some good shoes. XXI 101 102 103 104 shop bread al most always close flour done stm broke close bread done feel shop flour these through body think almost another which bought children THIRD GRADE, SECOND HALF 35 105. Dictation Review I. This shop will close on Wednesday. 2. Bread is made of flour. 3. My lesson is almost done. 4. Can you always sit still in school? Words to be Distinguished flour Buy a bag of flour. flower Here is a blue flower from the garden. XXII 106 107 108 109 paid seen who laid fare inside out side egg still paid seen who always fare date can't butter care inside often spell lay pound paid cough sleep Thursday outside 110. Dictation Review I. I paid your fare. 2. Have you seen the inside of our tent? 3. Who is that outside the door? 4. The hen has laid an egg. fare Homonyms The fare is two dollars each way. fair Wednesday was a fair day. You must always play fair. 36 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XXIII 111 112 113 114 been mat ter an y way brave empty an y thing kill son laid been half kill horse mail matter alone egg empty ground heard fare inside anything anyway 115. Dictation Review I. This pail has been empty a long time. 2. Is any- thing the matter with it? 3. We must soon buy a new one, anyway. 4. Do not kill any birds. 5. Her son is a brave man. Homonyms son This boy is my son. sun The sun is in the sky. XXIV 116 117 118 119 fight light wish know might morn ing war yet son fight light wish these might almost bread brave sight cover war smoke because morning throu! THIRD GRADE, SECOND HALF 37 120. Dictation Review I. Fight for the right with all your might. 2. It is light early in the morning. 3. We did not wish to begin a war. 4. I do not know yet why he went. Homonyms know Do you know what time it is ? no No, but I think it is not late. XXV 121 122 123 124 dozen every loud study- roses eve ning talk hour know roses every loud yet dozen shop talk done ^gs seen around still close anyway laid almost always evening bread 125. Dictation Review I. I have a dozen roses for you. 2. Every evening I play a game. 3. I have heard no loud talk in that room. 4. My brother must study an hour. 5. Do you know at what hour the sun sets to-day ? Homonyms hour You may play for an hour. otir This is our house. 38 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING Review (Sections XVIII-XXV) See Note to Teacher, page 5. ' yet kill ^gg fight dozen war still who might study fare son half light almost care swim been broke always fail know ' roses brave inside pail talk close empty outside mail fond these spell through nail seen loud bread anyway laid seed hour every anything paid band flour cover children done hear ground horse heard wish each pound often morning shop body around matter evening XXVI 126 127 128 129 wool year ate line sheep ago sweet page fight wool year farm study dozen ago sweet hour sheep light ate know every both morning THIRD GRADE, SECOND HALF 39 130. Dictation Review I. We get wool from sheep. 2. That nest was built a year ago. 3. I ate a sweet apple. 4. Read the first line on the page. 5. Speak loud, so we can all hear. Homonyms ate I ate some bread. eight I am eight years old. XXVII 131 132 133 134 cent stone north ship store struck city- pass line cent stone city always hour struck been empty loud laid paid page store study north matter change children ground 135. Dictation Review I. I found a cent at the store. 2. His son was struck by a stone. 3. Our farm is north of the city. 4. That ship can't pass us in a fair race. Homonyms cent This paper cost a cent. sent My mother sent me some red roses. 40 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XXVIII 136 137 138 139 teach er seat fine just rang near pen mile ship rang war pen pass hole seat fine wish wool near study anything teacher inside store 140. Dictation Review I. The teacher rang the bell. 2. I wish I might have a seat near the window. 3. I like to write with a fine pen. 4. It is just a mile to our house. 141 great oak just swim mile board 142 shall rest oak roses great north XXIX 143 black hair rest broke shall behind 144 south side hair black city sweet 145. Dictation Review I. There is a great oak tree in our yard, rest to-day. 3. My sister has black hair, warm on the south side of the house. We shall 4. It is THIRD GRADE, SECOND HALF 41 struck XXX 146 147 148 149 spend good-by ever very money to-night star many south died to-night star trip spend just near side money good-by shop talk teacher ever 150. Dictation Review I. Did you spend all your money? 2. Good-by. I hope to see you again to-night. 3. Did you ever see that star before? 4. There are very many children in the street. XXXI 151 152 153 154 boat thank place where leave note un der week many stone note soon coal leave thank place brave front white evening very boat money under 155. Dictation Review I. The boat will leave soon. 2. I thank you for this note. 3. Place your right hand under your left. 4. Where were you a week ago? 42 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XXXII 156 157 158 159 fruit next be side hurt grew spring knee her self week grew next seat very fruit spring knee where sheep felt , beside uncle through great black 160. Dictation Review I. This fruit grew in her garden. 2. Next spring we shall have a garden. 3. The baby stood beside my knee. 4. How did she hurt herself? XXXIII 161 162 163 164 own him self meet block my self lead au tumn halves hour hear heard half hurt own lead meet herself grew just autumii leave myself himself outside 165. Dictation Review I. I own that boat myself . 2. He himself will lead hi* men. 3. We shall meet again this autumn. 4. He cut the block into halves. THIRD GRADE, SECOND HALF 43 Homonyms meet The boys will meet at my house. meat Buy a pound of meat at the store. XXXIV 166 167 168 169 sew bet ter mix while clothes pencil cream writing halves sew pencil mix cook trip better aunt write clothes autumn cream oak many spell fruit block happy beside clothes 170. Dictation Review I. Can you sew? 2. Do you make your own clothes? 3. Can't you find a better pencil than that? 4. Please do not mix any milk with the cream. 5. Think while you are writing. 171. Dictation Exercises 1. Hit the nail on the head. 2. There is always room at the top. 3. W^ere there is a will there is a way. 4. Two heads are better than one. — Proverbs. 5. Summer or winter or spring or fall, — Which do you like the best of all ? 44 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 6. Good, better, best, Never let it rest, Till your good is better, And youi • better, best. Review (Sections XXVI-XXXIV) ago own cent thank pen hair knee north pencil note week where oak grew sheep fruit ate hurt sweet store just lead meet block sew next under struck mix page very halves rang while great beside wool mile shall better line pass black spring city- rest south teacher ship side spend to-night near ever money good-by year star boat himself seat many fine herself cream place clothes myself leave stone autumn writing For a list of all words taught in the Third Grade, Second Half Year, see page 175. THIRD GRADE, SECOND HALF 45 Supplementary Words (Third Grade, Second Half) See Preface, page iii. pick lot brass cure berry calf bead your self cheese hunt wool en cow ard crack er deer belt pow der toast rode cor ner hafl beans horse back clos et light ning peas team ink strike ban die hoi i day bot tie close ^ chum prize bot tom thirst y leak spent cloud tramp sharp dime grow damp duU ev er y bod y bushes cit ies even no bod y scratch side walk odd an y bod y north em bow^ kite an y where south em blame float giant proud scold backward borrow grand fa ther slept awhile mask grand moth er San ta Claus Homonyms dear She has two dear little children. These shoes are very dear. deer Men hunt deer in the autumn. road The bear ran down the road. rode The farmer rode on horseback. 1 As in " Put the chair close to the desk. » As in " Did he bow to you ? " FOURTH GRADE First Half Year To THE Teacher. Please read pages vii-xii. 1 2 3 4 story- seems ques tion slide news pa per true an swer off there story blue answer which here true dear much does said question some newspaper seems writing 5. Dictation Review I . Is that a true story you have read in the newspaper ? o.. It seems true, but your question is not easy to answer. 3. Do not let your book sHde off the desk. 4. Off with your hat as the flag goes by. — Bunner. II 6 7 8 9 won sour cross blow watch or ange smooth horn slide newspaper sour story seems won true cross answer off question watch 46 orange every know smooth FOURTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 47 10. Dictation Review I. I won the watch as a prize. 2. I have a sour orange. ' 3. We must cross while the water is smooth. 4. Blow your horn before you cross the street. Homonyms won We won the game. one I saw only one III cloud in the sky. 11 12 13 14 too lazy strong hollow tired Ufe pole post blow too lazy pole true off life sour horn tired died half laid many always cross watch smooth answer strong 15. Dictation Review I. He is too tired to play any more. 2. Nobody has a right to lead a lazy Hfe. 3. The pole is so strong that he cannot bend it. 4. The bird built her nest in an old hollow post. Homonyms to Ask her to play with you. two Two pints make a quart. too It is too warm here. You cannot eat your cake and have it too. — Proverb. 48 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING IV 16 17 18 19 wear need dust bright neck fence roll lin en post blow need dust horn wear tired roll lazy neck pole slide hollow strong fence orange 20. Dictation Review I. Wear something around your neck to-night. 2. We need a fence around our garden. 3. See that dog roll in the dust. 4. This linen is bright red. V 21 22 23 24 ought brought navy- sin gle mend sug ar ^ fought word linen neck sugar navy wool ought life fought need mend post hollow bright fence brought smooth 25. Dictation Review I. You ought to mend your dress. 2. Have you brought home any sugar? 3. Our navy has fought well. 4. I have not heard a single word about the play. ^ Pronunciation on page 178. FOURTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 49 VI 26 27 28 29 wrong heavy sea throw figure trunk salt stick single figure heavy- wear roll dust trunk need word sour bright salt strong wrong orange sea 30. Dictation Review I. Are you not writing the wrong figure here ? 2. Will you take your heavy trunk? 3. The water in the sea is too salt to drink. 4. Throw a stick into the fire. 5. There are a great many here. Homonyms Fishes live in the sea. see I see blue sky to-day. VII 31 32 33 34 order oil pay mark suit wheel deafi plain throw suit oil pay ought navy wheel deaf stick salt tired mend cream order brought fought 1 Pronunciation on page 177. 50 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 35. Dictation Review I. Did you order a suit of clothes to-day? 2. He had to stop to oil a wheel. 3. Please pay this deaf boy for making a new table. 4. The mark on this paper is not plain. I'm — I am 36. Contractions . it's we re it IS we are you re — you are he's — he is they're — they are she's — she is Notice that the apostrophe takes the place of an omitted letter. Write simple sentences of your own, using these contractions. To Be Distinguished it's It's a cold morning. its Leave every chair in its place. VIII 37 38 39 40 tight blind meant used knot picture hang point mark knot figure hang plain oil word stick sugar tight blind throw money fight paid heavy wrong sight picture meant FOURTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 51 41. Dictation Review I. Do not make the knot too tight. 2. This is a pic- ture of a blind man. 3. I meant to hang it on the wall. 4. I ought to have done it long ago. 5. I used to point at every flag I saw. Homonyms knot Here is a knot in the rope, not He does not see very well. IX 42 43 44 45 turn nei ther rail road leaf ei ther ankle track blew used sea suit figure order turn fruit plain point single ankle track sugar either neither often sweet evening Tuesday railroad 46. Dictation Review I. You may turn either to the right or to the left. 2. Neither ankle was hurt. 3. Stop and look before you cross the railroad track. 4. A leaf blew off the tree. Homonyms blew The wind blew hard. blue The sky is blue. 52 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING Review (Sections I-IX) See Note to Teacher, page 5. true need off oil track ought wheel too point story fought seems lazy blow ankle brought tight leaf blew throw either bright sea post mend neither order won neck watch hollow trunk pay navy wear orange blind roll word tired figure deaf suit mark plain picture meant salt knot slide answer heavy life hang fence smooth cross pole used linen railroad single dust turn stick question wrong sour horn sugar newspaper strong 47. Vowels and Consonants — Spelling Rule I The letters a, e, i, o, u (and sometimes w and y ^) are called vowels. The name consonants is given to all letters that are not vowels. have come ride With what letter does each of these words end? Is the letter before the last in each word a vowel or a consonant ? 1 In the combinations aw, ew, ow, ay, ey, oy; also y when it is sounded like i. FOURTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 53 Sometimes we wish to add ing to these words, but a simple change is made before doing so. The e is dropped and then ing is added, like this : have — having come -^ coming ride — r idin g Spelling Rule I. — A word ending in e with a con- sonant before it, drops the e when ing is added. Following the rule, add ing to these words : give skate name use hope place leave race make write change please take like smoke X dance 48 49 50 51 bath sold work nick el ocean wood ready worth leaf bath sold watch blew wheel wood work where ocean ankle trunk either gray brought ready 52. X>iCTATioN Review I. I like to take a bath in the ocean. 2. The farmer has not sold all his wood. 3. The work is ready for you to take home. 4. How bright this nickel is ! 5. What is worth doing at all is worth doing well. — Proverb. 54 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XI 53 54 56 56 thick fresh hide farther branch cabbage until ahead worth thick suit knot deaf feel fresh hide nickel branch ought until picture railroad cabbage track 57. Dictation Review I. That branch is so thick that I can't cut it off. 2. I have brought you a fresh cabbage. 3. Hide until I call. 4. After walking a little farther we saw a light ahead of us. XII 58 59 60 61 freeze roof such silver fingers brick queer edge ahead work roof such worth bath brick queer farther freeze nickel ready until fingers branch good-by 62. Dictation Review I. Your fingers will freeze if you play too long in the snow. 2. The roof of the brick house is all right. 3. Did you ever hear such a queer story? 4. The edge of that cloud looks like silver. FOURTH GRADE, FIRST HALF oo XIII 63 64 66 66 could should would price copy shake sweep cheap edge copy shake would roof thick queer sweep fresh could should sugar silver fingers cabbage cough 67. Dictation Review I. Do you think you could copy this letter? 2. You should shake the snow off your coat. 3. I wish you would sweep that rug. 4. The price of this chair is two dollars. 5. It's very cheap. Homonyms would Do unto others as you would that others should do unto you. — Golden Rule, wood This door is made of wood. XIV 68 69 70 71 hungry kitch en noth ing pour chick en stove else cof fee price navy stove else strong linen wear salt silver hungry- aunt smooth cheap chicken kitchen nothing 56 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 72. Dictation Review I. Give that hungry chicken some corn. 2. Build 3 fire in the kitchen stove. 3. There is nothing else for you to do. 4. Will you please pour some coffee for me? XV 73 74 75 76 ex pect their thread draw friend mis take break load pour expect knot soap tight blew their thread coffee friend meant break either point again picture week Wednesday mistake bright 77. Dictation Review I. I expect a friend from the city. 2. When did you hear of their mistake? 3. Did your thread break? 4. One horse cannot draw so heavy a load. 5. The way to have a friend is to be one. — Emerson. 6. Who has seen the wind ? Neither you nor I : But when the trees bow down their heads, The wind is passing by. — Rossetti. Homonyms their They came in their car. there There is too much snow on the ground, I have often seen it there. FOURTH GRADE, FIRST HALF XVI 57 78 79 80 81 breath lose aim beau ti f ul nose ribbon middle world load breath won aim true nose lose shake worth ocean ribbon nothing draw branch nickel middle 82. Dictation Review I. Draw a breath through your nose. 2. Did your friend lose her hair ribbon ? 3. Aim at the middle of the mark. 4. We live in a beautiful world. 83. Spelling Rule I Reviewed A word ending in e with a consonant before it, drops the e when ing is added. Following the rule, add ing to these words, and use the new forms in written sentences : shake hide lose slide freeze 84 85 86 87 be gin ning Jan u a ry March May month Feb ru a ry 1 April June world month own March could until cheap April beautiful neither January coffee kitchen beginning February newspaper Correct abbreviations are : Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 1 Pronunciation on page 177. 58 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 88. Dictation Review I. We are beginning a new lesson. 2. January is the first month of the year. 3 . February is the second month. 4. March, April, and May are spring months. 5. In June the days are long. XVIII 89 90 91 92 July Sep tern ber No vem ber fourth August Oc to ber De cem ber sixth May July September November June August October December load mistake break world brick beginning friend freeze Correct abbi eviations are : Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 93. Dictation Review I. There is no school in July and August. 2. Sep- tember, October, and November are autumn months. 3. December is the last month of the year. 4. April is the fourth month. 5. June is the sixth month. 94. Old Saying Thirty days have September, April, June, and November ; All the rest have thirty-one Excepting February alone, Which has just four and twenty-four. Till leap year gives it one day more. FOURTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 59 Review (Sections X-XVHI) aim such ahead March January else draw thread Mar. Jan. hide price ready April February edge break breath Apr. Feb. lose wood friend May August work brick shake June Aug. bath thick sweep July September sold ocean could fourth Sept. copy queer would month October nose stove should nothing Oct. load world fingers cabbage November pour worth farther chicken Nov. roof cheap expect middle December until nickel coffee hungry Dec. their freeze branch mistake beautiful sixth silver ribbon kitchen beginning For a pronouncing list of all words taught in the Fourth Grade, First Half Year, see pages 177—178. 95. Dictation Exercise All that you do, Do with your might : Things done by halves Are never done right. 60 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING Supplementary Words (Fourth Grade, First Half) See Preface, page iii. rake threw bowl tiger rush fork base ball gift mon key march mill foul broom crow battle grind sound brush ant dan ger haul play ers clay blown trial bolt polite pipe frost ditch pump beach chalk baked sink ax bathe glue loaf gain chop beech cloth oven grand hoe root needle plen ty near ly toe bloom shirt news nine teen heel bios som skirt stout thir teen elbow bunch neck tie form hers wrist leaves neat bash ful ours wave bit ter comb nor yours blade cherry curly fool ish theirs ^ Homonyms beach There is a large bath house on the beach. beech See the leaves on that beech tree. hall This door opens into the hall, haul These horses can haul a heavy load. through May we walk through your garden ? threw He threw his pipe away. 1 This room is ours and the next one is theirs. Fourth Grade, Second Half Year XIX 96 97 98 99 safe cot ton move don't com pa ny plant sud den ly laugh fourth safe plant move sixth queer cotton breath sweep mistake thread ready expect their bread dead beautiful company hungry suddenly 100. Dictation Review I. The boy has been in safe company. 2. The plant from which we get cotton grows in the South. 3. The company was suddenly ordered to move. 4. Don't laugh at the mistakes of others. 5. Things don't turn up in this world until some one turns them up. — Garfield. 6. It is better to be alone than in bad company. — Washington. Contractions isn't — is not aren't — are not wasn't — was not weren't — were not 101. what's — what is that's — that is there's — there is where 's — where is Use these contractions in written sentences, to use the interrogation point correctly. 61 Be careful 62 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XX 102 103 104 105 brown silk be tween upper but ton waist age teeth don't sixth silk edge stove brown waist copy laugh button middle age ocean February friend between 106. Dictation Review I. I have just found a large brown button. 2. My mother has a new silk waist. 3. What is her age ? She's between eight and nine. 4. A cow has no upper teeth. 107. Spelling Rule I Reviewed Following the rule (page 53), change the following words to forms ending in ing : move love close hope bathe wave smile lose XXI 108 109 110 111 gate yel low river third jail tail rise pair upper gate tail rise teeth jail roof safe clothes cotton don't river January company yellow plant FOURTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 63 112. Dictation Review I. The gate of the jail is very heavy. 2. See that bird I with the yellow tail. 3. Do you think the river will rise much to-night? 4. Isn't this the third pair of shoes I iiave bought for you ? 113. Proper Names Review the names on pages 30, 57, and 58. You ought to know how to spell : 1. The names of your playmates. 2. The name of your teacher and the name of the prin- cipal of your school. 3. The names of the most important cities or towns near your home. XXII 114 115 116 117 heat meal mean excuse tea it self beat reach pair tea meal move cheap heat used beat third laugh itself mean September upper button waist 118. Dictation Review I. Please heat some water for making tea. 2. We have meat for one meal a day. 3. The farm will soon pay for itself. 4. I mean to beat him in the game to- day. 5. Please excuse me if I reach in front of you. 64 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XXIII 119 120 121 122 ripe lemon ba na na pear peach pie skin be long excuse ripe pie skin jail peach rise teeth reach river lemon waist yellow November railroad banana 123. Dictation Review I. This peach is not ripe yet. 2. I like lemon pie best of all. 3. Don't throw a banana skin on the ground. 4. Those pear trees belong to my uncle. Homonyms pear You may eat a pear or a peach now. pair Will you buy me a pair of skates ? XXIV 124 125 126 127 crowd busy- metal a f raid wait town shine sir pear wait busy tea nose pour town shine third crowd mark metal belong mean break lose October cotton itself suddenly FOURTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 65 128. Dictation Review I. The crowd must wait until the doors are open. 2. I live in a busy town. 3. See the metal shine in the sun- light. 4. Is your horse afraid, sir? 129. Spelling Rule II A word ending in y with a consonant before it, keeps y when ing is added, but changes y to i when ed or es is added. cry — crying, cried, cries city — cities Following the rule, add es to these words : story baby body lady Following the rule, add ing, ed, and es to these words : try copy study dry XXV 130 131 132 133 caught taught e nough rough knife trick break fast lake sir pie shine August meal knife trick enough afraid caught taught breakfast mistake best excuse beginning 134. Dictation Review I. I caught the knife when it fell. 2. My uncle has taught me a new trick. 3. Have you had enough break- fast? 4. The lake seems to be very rough to-night. 5. No man is poor who has enough ; nor rich who wants more than he has. — Proverb. 66 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XXVI 135 136 137 138 carry hon est iron rath er ham mer family chain sorry lake busy crowd iron peach carry honest chain rough hammer family pear banana afraid April metal 139. Dictation Review I. Will you carry a hammer in your basket? 2. All the boys in that family were taught to be honest. 3. That iron chain is hard to break. 4. I'm rather sorry that I went there. 5. Strike while the iron is hot. — Proverb. 140. Plural of Nouns Most nouns add s or es to the singular to form the plural: boy — boys church — churches Write the plural forms of the following nouns by add- ing 5: friend answer eye knee mistake evening fence ear lemon banana Write the plurals of the following nouns by adding es : cross branch watch wish FOURTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 67 XXVII 141 142 143 144 field wrote a ble thin grain tru ly doc tor, Dr. blan ket sorry knife truly able trick field wrote July month grain brown heavy rather enough caught doctor, Dr 145. Dictation Review I. That farmer has large fields of grain. 2. I wrote " Yours truly " at the end of the letter. 3. Our doctor would be able to cure you. 4. Take a thin blanket out of the closet. XXVIII 146 147 148 149 per feet won't wide un less shape whis per stairs match thin iron won't wide story shape chain stairs blanket perfect whisper rather hammer breakfast family enough 150. Dictation Review I. That tree is almost perfect in shape. 2. Our teacher won't let us whisper. 3. The stairs in the old house were very wide, 4. I can't build a fire unless I find a match. 68 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 151. Contractions don't — do not wouldn't - - would not doesn't — does not couldn't - - could not can't — can not shouldn't - - should not won't — will not haven't - - have not hasn't — ■ has not Use these contractions in written sentences. Review (Sections XIX-XXVTTT) See Note to Teacher, page 5. pie tea plant truly doctor, Dr. sir heat laugh upper taught age meal brown wrote caught ripe beat waist teeth banana jail mean river match yellow tail reach third cotton hammer wait peach crowd excuse family move lake metal itself perfect safe iron shape afraid honest gate pear lemon unless rather silk able trick button whisper rise don't shine belong blanket pair won't carry knife between skin town sorry stairs company thin wide chain rough suddenly busy field grain enough breakfast FOURTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 69 XXIX 152 153 154 155 num ber twelve wife with out e lev en o'clock knew f eath er unless wide won't knew match truly twelve grain caught number o'clock wife silver eleven perfect blanket 156. Dictation Review I. My seat is number eleven. 2. We go home from school at twelve o'clock. 3. His wife knew my sister. 4. That hat looks well without any feather. 5. A house without books is like a room without win- dows. — Beecher. Homonyms knew They knew they had won the game. new I have a pair of new shoes. XXX 157 158 169 160 shoot stran ger whole thumb squir rel knock army glove shape shoot knock army without stairs doctor whole tail belong stranger field feather squirrel match whisper 70 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 161. Dictation Review I. You ought not to shoot a squirrel in the park. 2. Did a stranger knock at the door? 3. The whole army had to march over the new road. 4. The thumb of my glove will soon wear out. Homonyms whole I ate a whole banana. hole Can you mend this hole in my glove ? 162 163 moun tain get ting camp sup per glove camp sorry laugh thumb field itself XXXI 164 . 165 veg e ta ble noise din ner wake June knot iron dinner getting mountain supper between vegetable 166. Dictation Review I. We spent the month of August at a mountain camp. 2. My sister is getting supper. 3. We ate vegetables for dinner. 4. Will the noise wake the baby? 167. Holidays New Year's Day Fourth of July Lin coin's Birth day La bor Day Wash ing ton's Birth day Thanks giv ing Day Me mo ri al Day Christ mas FOURTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 71 XXXII 168 169 170 171 chase quar ter cen ter hap pen animal inch storm f ol low wake chase inch center noise wrote whole storm knock animal quarter thumb knew suddenly stranger twelve 172. Dictation Review I. Why did you chase that animal ? 2. This ribbon is only a quarter of an inch wide. 3. We were right in the center of the storm. 4. How did his dog happen to follow you? 173. Review or Spelling Rule II Review section 129, page 65. Following the rule, change y to i and add es to these words : family fairy army company XXXIII 174 175 176 177 drive pretty- heart re mem ber shore sail blood size noise drive sail heart glove shore wake blood follow whole pretty number happen unless o'clock animal 72 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLmG 178. Dictation Review I . We took a drive along the shore of the ocean. 2. The sail of that boat looks very pretty. 3. The heart sends blood through the body. 4. Do you remember the size of your gloves ? Homonyms sail I like to sail on the lake. sale His boat is for sale. XXXIV 179 180 181 182 shade min ute picnic hun dred po ta toes count forty- thou sand size shade count camp chase shoot dinner forty fourth getting supper picnic center potatoes minute inch remember squirrel eleven mountain 183. Dictation Review I. Potatoes do not grow well in the shade. 2. How many ran you count in a minute? 3. Forty children went on a picnic. 4. There were a hundred thousand men in each army. 184. Common Names These are the names of some of your school studies : arithmetic history writing drawing ge og ra phy read ing spell ing sing ing FOURTH GRADE, SECOND HALF XXXV 73 185 186 187 188 SOW Ues won der land wheat a sleep to-mor row is land size sow lies to-morrow forty wheat March third hundred happen asleep follow thousand minute remember wonder 189. Dictation Review I. Many fartners sow wheat in the autumn. 2. The baby lies asleep in its cradle. 3. I wonder what we shall do to-morrow. 4. An island is land which has water all around it. Homonyms so It is so dark that I must light a lamp. sew I like to sew plain linen. sow A farmer should not sow his seed too early. XXXVI 190 191 192 193 mind quiet train shad ow mas ter av e nue bridge earth land mind hide train count else quiet drive honest would reach chicken island master avenue bridge 74 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 194. Dictation Review I. Why does that dog mind his master so well ? 2. We live on a quiet avenue. 3. A long train went over this bridge an hour ago. 4. Once in a long while we can see the shadow of the earth on the moon. XXXVII 196 196 197 198 learn Club Mr. (Mister) Miss save among Mrs. (Mistress) chief earth town club Mr. heart learn blood Mrs. lies save picnic shore shadow wonder among pretty taught without vegetable feather 199. Dictation Review I. Learn to save and you are on the road to riches. 2. A club was formed among the boys of our class. 3. Mr. and Mrs. White are coming to-night. 4. Miss Brown took the chief part in our play. 5. One to-day is worth two to-morrows. — Franklin. 200. Dictation Exercise — Friendly Letter Newtown, Ky. February 12, 1918 Dear Miss Cook, — You were very kind to write me a letter telling what is going on in school. FOURTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 75 I have been sick a whole week. I don't like it, for the days are too long, and there is no fun. The doctor says I am getting better. He lets me read a little every day. I wish I had some picture books to look at. I shall have to study hard when I get back to school. I hope that will be soon. Yours truly, May Little Review ' (Sections XXIX-XXX\ m) Mr. sail earth thumb avenue Mrs. train learn among bridge Miss forty wrote asleep feather sow truly chief number getting land shoot shade happen without army- quiet glove wonder hundred wake knew drive o'clock squirrel save knock blood doctor potatoes club whole wheat master thousand lies noise island picnic mountain inch chase eleven pretty vegetable camp storm twelve minute quarter wife shore supper dinner stranger size heart center follow remember mind count animal shadow to-morrow For a pronouncing list of all words taught in the Fourth Grade, Second Half "ieai", see pages 178-179. 76 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING Supplementary Words (Fourth Grade, Second Half) See Preface, page iii beef cat tie oh sneeze gas beef steak hog joy creep blaze peel drove be come bleed chim ney po ta to driven habit faint ket tie pork herd tooth grow knives mut ton shot claws howl rusty pep per goose grown ^ mer ry Sab bath lem on ade pluck gath er pinch agent pea nut pillow weed scream hotel so da apron bury fault bUl ounce braid be neath be have loan peck width soil less coax gal Ion fas ten thaw noisy snake ad di tion buck le show er organ rat tie sub tract upon creek ^ woke teach mul ti ply drew burst slim re cess divide drawn flood sail or puzzle how ev er car ried stopped await inform Homonyms heard I heard what you said. herd My father owns a fine herd of cattle. berry This red berry grew in our garden, bury Bury the stick deep in the ground. » As in " He has grown very tall." ' Pronounced (krek). FIFTH GRADE First Half Year To THE Teacher. Please read pages vii to xii. 1 2 3 4 hire enjoy re cent serve cot tage va ca tion guest them selves unless knife age center true hire does recent which cottage thumb heard island wrote vacation guest minute honest enjoy until 5. Dictation Review I. We expect to hire a cottage near the ocean. 2. We hope to enjoy our vacation there. 3. One of our recent guests brought the food for dinner. 4. It was great fun for our guests to serve themselves. II 6 7 8 9 dou ble steam be lieve pack age alarm en gine loss con tain serve always much loss guest often engine cottage themselves alarm steam believe enough double field sugar hire enjoy many tight 77 78 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 10. Dictation Review I. Tbe fire was so large that a double alarm was sent in. 2. It began in a room near the steam engine. 3. I believe the loss will be great. 4. Does that package contain anything that will burn ? North A mar i ca Eu rope Af ri ca South America Asia III Aus tra li a 12 13 14 15 marry ar range trou ble care f ul ecu pie music circle clerk package write loss trouble themselves believe arrange double contain couple music circle engine marry guest package recent alarm vacation bright 16. Dictation Review I. Will he marry this couple in the church? 2. I can ar- range the music without any trouble. 3. Do you see the circle around the sun? 4. A clerk should be careful not to make mistakes. 5. Long may our land be bright With freedom's holy Ught. — Samuel Smith. 17. Names of the Oceans At Ian tic In di an Pa cif ic Arc tic Ant arc tic FIFTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 79 IV 18 19 20 21 whose steal po lice es cape bun die di a mond ar rest sta tion chief steam careful forty careful bundle such done clerk believe steal arrest music whose double having couple arrange diamond police 22. Dictation Review I. Whose bundle has been taken? 2. Did somebody steal the diamond ring, too? 3. The police expect to arrest him soon. 4. He will not be able to escape from the station. 23 24 26 26 during ly ing coarse hoarse visit loose towel voice twelve police which edge station during arrest coarse escape trouble loose every steal visit lying towel much diamond ready whose 27. Dictation Review I. My uncle was sick during his recent visit to us. 2. There were many papers lying loose on the table. 3. Does he like to use a coarse towel after his bath? 4. She could not sing at all with such a hoarse voice. 80 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 28. Spelling Rule I Reviewed A word ending in e with a consonant before it, drops the e when ing is added. Following the rule, add ing to these words and use the new forms in written sentences of your own. beHeve hire chase escape dance serve arrange drive move nurse VI 29 30 31 32 entire duty knit steel coun try sol diet 1 com fort ves sel during shoes half knit voice visit believe country hoarse towel duty comfort coarse country worth , loose horse entire soldier know 33. Dictation Review I. Every one in the entire country was busy. 2. It is the duty of a soldier to serve his country. 3. The stockings that you knit are a great comfort in winter. 4. Our country has built a great many steel vessels. 5. Many wooden sailing vessels are still in use. 6. An ounce of pluck is worth a ton of luck. — Garfield. Homonyms steal Thou shalt not steal. steel My knife is made of steel. 1 Pronunciation on page i8i. FIFTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 81 VII 34 35 36 37 quite past raise car tain gen tie f u ture a mount fact blue easy past raise duty knit their afraid steel quite future amount vessel police escape comfort arrest gentle diamond coarse 38. Dictation Review I. Our pony is quite gentle. 2. We shall ride past your house very often in the future. 3. Did the boys raise this amount of money themselves ? 4. I know certain facts about the war that you don't know. Words to be Carefully Distinguished (both in pronuncia- tion and in spelling) quite What you say is quite true. quiet When you are quiet, I shall read to you. VIII 39 40 41 42 can tral deal nar row at tend coun ty labor val ley cir cus hour county deal voice steel towel iron duty hoarse lying visit believe fact during labor narrow- certain central cough valley 82 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 43. Dictation Review I. Our farm is in the central part of the county. 2. It took a great deal of labor to clear our fields. 3. Our road to town passes through a narrow valley. 4. We expect to attend the circus there next Wednesday. 44. Names or the States You should know how to spell the names of the states of your country, and to give correctly their abbreviations. (Lists on pages 82, 87, 94, 103.) Maine New Hamp shire, N. H. Ver mont, Vt. Mas sa chu setts, Mass. Rhode Is land, R. I. Con nect i cut,^ Conn. New York, N. Y. New Jer sey, N. J. Penn syl va ni a, Pa. IX 46 46 47 48 con nect ebey square starve spe cial par ents piece death any quite obey once fact ' steel knew past labor where coarse raise attend special valley square circus connect parents piece 49. Dictation Review I. A special train will connect with ours at the next station. 2. Children should obey their parents. 3. Can you use this square piece of cloth? 4. I am afraid the kitten will starve to death. 1 Pronounced (k^-nStt-kwt) FIFTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 83 50. Contractions I've — I have I'U — I shall (or will) we've — we have we'll — we shall (or will) you've — you have you'll — you will they've — they have they'll —they will Use each of these contractions in a written sentence of your own. Review (Sections I-IX) To THE Teacher. In testing a class on the spelling of a word, you should first give a simple sentence containing it, and then repeat the required word, thus : "His loss was small. Loss." loss serve hoarse alarm duty lying coarse special knit voice double cottage past quite trouble arrange hire labor couple certain entire steel gentle diamond deal visit circle vacation steal raise circus station stea,m death amount country fact whose county soldier obey piece narrow parents guest believe attend bundle enjoy recent square careful marry vessel valley contain clerk engine starve during music arrest comfort package loose escape future central towel police connect themselves 84 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING X 51 62 53 54 piano rule touch prove f ac to ry prison case false towel piece obey case guest square whose . touch starve caught built such death piano rule county Tuesday factory prison cottage 55. Dictation Review I. Did you ever visit a piano factory? 2. Men in prison 'must obey many rules. 3. Please do not touch the glass case. 4. Can you prove that his story is false ? 56. Cities of this Country New York Bos ton De troit Cin cin na ti Chi ca go ^ Bal ti more Buf fa lo New ark Phil a del phi a Cleve land San Fran cis co New Or le ans ^ St. Lou is Pittsburgh Mil wau kee XI Los An gel es ^ 57 58 59 60 stead y natural die tion a ry earn sup ply beau ty ex plain bi cy cle * buy can't again says prove central narrow certain false attend amount explain alarm steady beauty vacation gentle supply natural dictionary Pronunciations: » (sM-k8'go) 2 {trne-^nz) ' (los Sq'gSl-Se) * See page 180. FIFTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 61. Dictation Review I. We need a steady supply of coal in winter. 85 proud of the natural beauty of our park, will explain what that word means. 4. money enough to buy a bicycle. XII 2. We are 3. The dictionary I am going to earn 62 63 64 65 ac cept guess since prop er po si tion pur pose fore noon re mark earn case guess false just shoes prove since rule starve sixth coming circle accept won't themselves bicycle position purpose forenoon 66. Dictation Review I. Did your brother accept a position in the bank? 2. I can guess your purpose in coming here. 3. It has grown warm since yesterday forenoon. 4. It was quite proper for you to make that remark. 67. Spelling Rule II Reviewed A word ending in y with a consonant before it, keeps y when ing is added, but changes y to i when ed or es is added. Following the rule, add es to these words, and use the new forms in written sentences of your own. city copy duty study beauty sky lady country story berry Following the rule, add ing^ es, and ed to these words, and use the new forms in written sentences of your own. marry carry try hurry supply 86 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XIII 68 69 70 71 whom un der stand be came maybe refer ache dan ger ous sign whole whom ache earn supply else friend steady proper refer bicycle became thousand explain beauty answer remark natural understand dangerous 72. Dictation Review I. To whom did he refer in his letter? 2. I do not under- stand why my head should ache. 3. Our pet dog became dangerous last week. 4. Maybe you do not imderstand what this sign means. 73. Dictation Exercise Five things observe with care : Of whom you speak, To whom you speak, And how, and when, and where. XIV 74 75 76 77 office state with in de pend el e va tor cap i tal pain cli mate sign refer state since knit guess ocean pain proper their accept wrong maybe office future remark breakfast elevator capital within FIFTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 87 78. Dictation Review I. The elevator will carry you to the office. 2. What is the capital of your state? 3. Within an hour after I saw the doctor the pain was gone. 4. The plant life of a country de- pends upon the climate. 79. Names of the Del a ware, Del. Ma ry land/ Md. Vir gin i a, Va. West Virginia, W. Va. North Car o li na, N. C. South Carolina, S. C. Geor gi a, Ga. Flor i da, Fla. States (page 82) Ken tuck y, Ky. Ten nes see, Tenn. Al a ba ma, Ala. Mis sis sip pi, Miss. Ar kan sas,^ Ark. Lou i si an a,^ La. O kla ho ma,^ Okla. Tex as, Tex. XV 80 81 82 83 peo pie re turn final col lect dodge stamp chance tick et won knock knot used tired dodge earn ready depend people stamp final climate maybe return chance forenoon dangerous purpose position 84. Dictation. Review I. In going across many of our streets, people must dodge between cars. 2. Please return all the stamps to the office. 3. This is your final chance to help us. 4. Some one wiH collect the tickets soon. Pronunciations: i (m5r'T-iand) « ('arlcan-se) s (i6o-e-ze-aa'd) *(o-kld-ho'md) 88 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XVI 85 bush el gro cer y state refer collect ticket brought 86 re fuse trade office bushel became could grocery 87 total wreck stamp trade either refuse capital 88 treat stom ach ^ total blew wreck natural elevator I. The fanner 2. Some people passed is a total ach so? 89. Dictation Review brought a bushel of pears to the grocery store, refuse to trade there. 3. The car we just wreck. 4. How can you treat your stom- 90 guard for est deal treat nickel circus stomach 91 fierce at tack hear steal guard forest pain XVII 92 prom ise res cue says fierce engine attack connect 93 com mon sense early entire vessel rescue promise 94. Dictation Review I. We must guard our forests. 2. The tiger made a fierce attack upon his keeper. 3. I promise to rescue you if you can't swim. 4. Use common sense about your work. ^ Pronunciation on page i8i. FIFTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 89 Words to be Distingxhshed sense Those words do not make good sense, cents One hundred cents make a dollar. 95. Spelling Rule III A word of one syllable that ends in a single consonant with a single vowel before it, doubles the final consonant when ingy edy er, or y is added ; thus hit — hitting drum — drummer rub — rubbing, rubbed mud — muddy Following the rule, add ing, ed, er, or y to these words and use the new forms in sentences of your own. stop big drop run rob stir sun shut knit fit XVIII 96 97 98 99 se lect birth day re gard also col lar pros ent truth ap point treat two guard truth sense dodge trade pretty- fierce final present regard waist select o'clock bushel common collar* birthday understand 100. Dictation Review I. Will you select a collar for your dog? 2. I guessed that my birthday present would be a piano. 3. That boy has little regard for truth. 4. The company will also appoint an agent for this county. 90 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 101. Apostrophe to Show Possession I. Singular nouns show possession by adding an apostrophe and s ('s) ; thus, the boy's coat, Charles's hat. Write sentences of your own using the possessive forms of the following nouns : friend wife squirrel master doctor robin uncle aunt II. Plural nouns that end in s show possession by adding an apostrophe only ; thus, the boys' coats. Plural nouns that do not end in s show possession by adding the apostrophe and s ; thus, men's hats. Write sentences of your own using the possessive forms of the following nouns : friends children girls farmers XIX 102 103 104 105 Spare health y choose young ex pense per son motor daugh ter also touch been motor dear read whom queer station spare person depend appoint expense special choose trouble connect healthy parents 106. Dictation Review I. Spare no expense to build this house well. 2. A healthy person is almost always happy. 3 . What motor did you choose for your boat? 4. The man took his young daughter to the circus. FIFTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 91 107. Dictation Exercises 1. Be slow in choosing a friend, slower in changing. 2. Early to bed and early to rise. Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. — Franklin. 3. You may as well borrow a person's money as his time. — Horace Mann. Review (Sections X-XIX) ache trade became truth earn wreck within explain case guard depend promise whom total people natural sign sense choose stomach also expense return climate piano motor chance purpose rule treat ticket capital touch prison select grocery prove steady collect bicycle guess healthy bushel present since accept rescue position false pain refuse elevator refer supply forest beauty state proper attack forenoon dodge office fierce birthday stamp maybe collar daughter final regard person dictionary spare common appoint understand young remark factory dangerous For a pronouncing Ust of all words taught in the Fifth Grade, First Half Year, see pages 1 80-1 81. 92 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING Supplementary Words (Fifth Grade, First Half) See Preface, page iii. oats calm jol ly bul let rye awful Ne gro slen der bar ley grief in dus tri ous pris on er care less ugly pupil sec tion wait er beast si lent sig nal sau cer cruel prob lem ar range ment dis pute scare proof fleet ex tra sore^ ex act ly dash onion itch cor rect foam beet plank recite shal low tur nip plat form a loud chill y pick les de pot 2 thief fro zen olive truck stole numb prunes tank pen ny dumb pudding wire pur pie hmb ci der cop per sweat er maple smell lead sport chose ninth • hardware sim pie choice tenth tools val en tine group ear li est file faith ful heap ex am pie mar ble aid scrub known knob re ward base ment Homonyms beat Did you beat him yesterday ? beet . A beet is a vegetable. led He was led away to prison. lead A bullet is made of lead. 1 As in " A sore thumb." 2 Pronounced (dC'po). Fifth Grade, Second Half Year XX 108 lis ten ad dress ^ young motor share rescue daughter 109 ap pear straight listen address select heavy eleven 110 idle hus band also choose appear straight taught 111 at tempt climb idle busy forest collar husband 112. Dictation Review I. Did you listen to the address ? 2. Do these lines appear 3. Her husband was idle because the factory 4. Did you attempt to climb the mountain? to be straight? was not running. XXI 113 re view pa rade climb bundle refuse attempt promise 114 meas ure height 1 wreck death review parade expense 115 none pleas ure week climate forty height measure 116 pleas ant ex er else knew none stomach common pleasure 117. Dictation Review I. Mr. Young will review the parade. 2. Will you measure the height of the table? 3. None of the games last week gave us any pleasure. 4. Walking is pleasant exercise for me. * Pronunciation on page 182. 93 94 ESSENTIAI.S OF SPELLING 118. Spelling Rule III Reviewed Following the rule (page 89), add ing, ed, er, or y to these words, after doubling the final consonant, and use the new forms in sentences of your own : get hot cut sit swim gun shop fun thin spin 119. Names of the States (page 82) Ohio I wa^ In di an a, Ind. Mis sou ri. Mo. 11 li nois/ 111. Kan sas, Kans. Mich i gan 1,2 Mich. Ne bras ka, Nebr. Wis con sin, Wis. North Da ko ta, N. Dak, Min ne so ta, Minn. South Dakota, S. Dak. XXII 120 121 122 123 quit re main report public mis chief to geth er in ju ry no tice appear quit idle report daughter hour lying often always to-night remain husband pleasant mischief present injury exercise birthday together healthy 124. Dictation Review I. You must quit your mischief now. 2. We shall remain together until the train goes. 3. Did the doctor report the injury? 4. Mr. Smith gave public notice that there would be no school to-day. Pronunciations: ^ (tl-Y-noi') 2 (mYshT-gftn) ^ (I'o-wd) FIFTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 95 XXIII 125 126 127 128 woman offer men tion com plain writ ten weigh rea son weath er quit woman weigh hoarse don^t truly offer laugh listen review climb straight public attempt meant reason notice written earn mention 129. Dictation Review I. This woman has written to offer me a new position. 2. How much do you weigh? 3. Will you mention a good reason for what you are doing ? 4. It does no good to complain of the weather. 5. A penny saved is a penny earned. — Thrift Motto. Homonyms weigh How much does the package weigh ? way There is always a best way of doing everything. — Emerson. XXIV 130 131 132 133 ex am ine won der ful tear pre pare throat heav ens sleeve sur prise address throat public tear exercise remain notice sleeve injury measure wonderful none weather examine heavens mischief complain writing February Tuesday 96 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 134. Dictation Review I. Did the doctor examine your throat? 2. There are many wonderful facts to learn about the heavens. 3. How did you happen to tear your sleeve ? 4. Let us prepare a sur- prise for your aunt. 135. Plural of Nouns We have already learned that most nouns form their plurals by adding s or es to the singular form; thus, bushel, bushels; church, churches. A noun ending in y with a consonant before it, changes y to i and adds es to form the plural ; thus, lady, ladies ; baby, babies. See Spelling Rule II, page 85. If the noun ends in y with a vowel before it, the plural is formed regularly by adding s; thus, boy, boys; key, keys. Write the plural forms of the following nouns and use them in sentences of your own : injury factory toy country valley Sunday day county history grocery monkey XXV dictionary 136 137 138 139 wel come fa mous na tion al at tract peace gen er al in ter est trav el er sleeve peace offer weigh heard wrote which twelve woman report examine written prepare welcome famous interest earth wheat bridge hundred surprise together general national FIFTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 97 140. Dictation Review I. They said they would welcome a just peace. 2. Wash- ington was a famous general. 3. We should take more interest in our national forests. 4. The beauty of these mountains would attract any traveler. 5. Money placed at interest works day and night, in wet and dry weather. — Thrift Motto. Homonyms peace Grant said, " Let us have peace." piece Please bring me a piece of paper. XXVI 141 142 143 144 dis cov er wagon bruise per haps se cret de liv er shoul der naugh ty throat secret wagon bruise much chief pretty break pleasant climb appear complain attract reason deliver mention traveler discover surprise shoulder 145. Dictation Review I. Did you discover their secret? 2. You will need a large wagon to deliver the coal. 3. How did you bruise your shoulder? 4. Perhaps that naughty child threw his shoes away. 146. Dictation Exercise How far that little candle throws his beams ! So shines a good deed in a naughty world. — Shakespeare. 98 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING : XXVII 147 148 149 150 com pare cause though al though length 1 fail ure swift mem ber which rough cause swift buy length height though parade secret chance heavens perhaps compare failure minute naughty pleasure husband exercise 151. Dictation Review I. Compare the length of a December day with that of a day in June. 2. What was the cause of his failure? 3. Though our horse was swift, he did not win the race. 4. Although I'm a member of the club, I do not often attend. : XXVIII 162 153 154 155 weak sup pose re al ly fear wound set tie pos si ble course once laid ears none collect weak famous deaf 2 wonderful wound settle throat although among choose really member country suppose possible 156. Dictation Review I. The wound made the soldier weak. 2. I suppose we ought to settle the bill now. 3. Is it really possible that he will return to-night ? 4. I fear this course in music is too hard for you. * Pronunciation on page 182. ' Pronunciation on page 177. FIFTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 91) 5. Be swift to hear, slow to speak. — Bible. 6. None are so deaf as those who won't hear. weak week course coarse Proverb. Homonyms He is too weak to run. Seven days make one week. Of course you will go. The river winds in its course. This piece of linen is too coarse, Review (Sections XX-XXVUI) See Note to Tearher, page 83. idle review reason measure tear height suppose pleasure quit wound compare pleasant climb bruise mention weather none secret mischief heavens cause throat complain welcome wagon parade remain prepare swift report husband examine fear course attract naughty weak though general discover peace although failure shoulder appear member deliver possible offer length perhaps interest weigh settle traveler surprise listen famous written together sleeve really address national woman injury straight exercise notice public attempt wonderful 100 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XXIX 167 168 169 160 taste eighth! pa tient or chard bis cuit col umn 1 worse scarce length pain wagon worse fear taste through wear lose biscuit raise tear loose appoint eighth bruise course discover column patient 161. Dictation Review I. Did you taste a biscuit? 2. Please sign your name in the eighth column. 3. The nurse says that the patient is worse. 4. Apples are very scarce in my orchard this year. XXX 162 163 164 166 ex cept fur ther um pire stnig gle pas sen ger search score thought orchard said ache climb many weigh believe score scarce except deliver iron biscuit though search eighth failure passenger further umpire 166. Dictation Review I. Nobody except passengers may go through this gate. 2. They made no further search for the diamond. 3. The umpire should not have tried to keep the score. 4. He thought it was not worth while to struggle any more. 1 Pronunciation on page 182. FIFTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 101 Words to be Carefully Distinguished (both in pronuncia- tion and in spelling) except I have all the money except fourteen cents. accept We shall accept your excuse. XXXI 167 168 169 170 usual least con trol prompt di rec tion lone some tongue reply weak settle idle fear circle usual least cough course to-night woman tongue struggle direction perhaps control thought Wednesday lonesome none 171. Dictation Rj:viev/ I. Let us walk in the usual dicettioi'. 3. At least it doesn't seem lonesome there. 3. Try to control your tongue. 4. My sister sent a prompt reply, saying that she could not accept the position. XXXII 172 173 174 176 stretch drown waste level pock et effort vote pave ment aim sleeve suit vote prompt wound drown score reply stretch effort taste worse pocket column waste interest passenger national straight 102 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 176. Dictation Review I. Those oranges will stretch your pocket out of shape. 2. He will not drown without making an effort to save himself. 3. If you vote for that man, you will waste your vote. 4. We rode over miles and miles of level pavement. Homonyms waste Waste not, want not. — Thrift Motto, waist I have a new silk waist. XXXIII 177 178 179 180 de scribe fifth union jeal ous f el low voy age strength ^ women level sign edge wrong course piano > ^ total yoimg umpire fellow fifth . tongue prepare attract: tfavder union pavement describe voyage strength 181. Dictation Review I. Describe the fellow whom you saw here last week. 2. This is the fifth voyage for that saUor . 3 . In union there is strength. 4. Jealous men and women are never happy. 182. Common Phrases Use these word groups in sentences of your own : ought to go I wasn't there we don't it isn't aren't you going he doesn't haven't any would have gone there are haven't you she isn't going used to 1 Pronunciation on page 183. FIFTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 103 XXXIV 183 184 185 186 forth press un a ble al ready- ex plore for ward praise breathe women load effort hear drown vote truth unable tongue explore forward usual jealous struggle press praise naughty forth compare shoulder 187. Dictation Review I. One of the travelers went forth to explore the strange country. 2. He pressed forward over the rough ground until he was unable to walk any farther. 3. The other travelers praised hun for his efforts. 4. I am much better already; I can breathe all right now. Homonyms forth In this suitcase you will find shirts, collars, and so forth, fourth The Fourth of July is a holiday. 188. Names Men ta na, Mont. I da ho Wy o ming, Wyo. Col o ra do, Colo. Utah Ne va da, Nev. New Max i co, N. Max. Ar i zo na, Ariz. OF States, etc (page 82) Wash ing ton, Wash. Or a gon Cal i for ni a, Calif. Dis trict of Co lum bi a, D. C. A las ka Tar ri to ry, Alaska Ha wai i ^ Territory, Hawaii Por to Ri co,2 P. R. Phil ip pine Islands, P. I. Pronunciations : * (ha-wi'e) 2 (por'to re'ko) 104 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XXXV 189 190 191 192 thrift color re peat thun der power breast sen tence re suit busy laugh color union fifth thrift wound repeat breathe power breast really already- strength possible sentence general direction although forenoon 193. Dictation Review I. Thrift is the power to save. 2. Our factory is run by steam power. 3. Did you see the color of that bird's breast? 4. Will you please repeat that sentence? 5. Thunder is the result of lightning. Words to be Carefully Distinguished (both in pronuncia- tion and in spelling) color What color did you paint your house ? coUar Do you like my new lace collar ? XXXVI 194 some times angry very also result worse thunder 195 u su al ly pun ish angry patient scarce together sometimes 196 prof it in stead least thrift punish already usually 197 favor idea tight profit instead ticket thought FIFTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 105 198. Dictation Review I. This boy is sometimes angry. 2. I usually punish him in some way. 3. This year the books show profit instead of loss. 4. I do not favor the idea of closing school before the usual vacation. XXXVII 199 200 201 202 desert to ward dream sin cere ly re gion kind ness sure pity idea reply fellow praise does desert kindness sure regard region women waste favor suppose union weather stretch welcome toward dream 203. Dictation Review I. The traveler crossed a desert region. 2. We should show kindness toward strangers. 3. You cannot be sure that your dream will come true. 4. I sincerely pity a blind person. 204. Spelling Rule IV A word of more than one syllable that accents the last syllable, and that ends in a single consonant with a single vowel before it, doubles the final consonant when ing, ed, or er is added ; thus, , control — controlUng, controlled, controller Following this rule, and Rule III (page 89), add ing, ed, or er to these words and use the new forms in sentences of your own. begin can win step spot forget refer set hop pin 106 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XXXVIII 205 206 207 208 re ceive a gree a ble man u f ac ture everything in vi ta tion a gainst fur ni ture use f ul pity idea agreeable sure voyage jealous toward profit instead punish through to-morrow region receive against furniture sincerely invitation sometimes manufacture 209. Dictation Reveew I. Did you receive an invitation to John's party? 2. If it is agreeable to you we shall play against the boys of the stKth grade next week. 3. Where do you manufacture this furni- ture? 4. Try to make everything useful. 5. He who receives a good turn should never forget it; he who does one should never remember it. — Charron. U nit ed States Can a da Max i CO Bra zil Great Brit ain France Bel gi um Italy Greece Spain 210. COUNTEIES A mer i cans Ca na di ans Mex i cans Bra zil ians Brit ish French Bel gi ans I talians^ Greeks Span iards AND Peoples Rus sia ^ Po land Hun ga ry^ Aus tri a Ger ma ny Neth er lands Swe den Nor way China Japan Rus sians Poles Hungarians* Aus tri ans Ger mans Dutch Swedes Nor we gians^ Chi nese Jap a nese Pronunciations : we'janz") I (T-tia'yftiiz) 2 (rfish'd) » (hiii)'go-rT) < (hQi)-ga'rY-anz) « (n5r- FIFTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 107 211. Dictation Exercises I was born an American, I live an American, I shall die an American. — Webster. Do well the little things now and great things will come to you later, asking to be done. — Proverb. Thrift begins with little savings. — Thrift Motto. Review (Sections XXIX-XXXVIH) vote color least patient idea favor dream stretch sure worse repeat orchard pity level breathe struggle angry praise women describe forth except toward strength drown imapire search lonesome score tongue voyage pavement reply pocket useful usual taste eighth explore usually waste effort forward passenger fifth fellow sentence furniture union unable instead thunder press desert receive sometimes region result thought sincerely thrift punish biscuit agreeable power scarce further direction prompt jealous control invitation profit already against everything column breast kindness manufacture For a pronouncing list of all words taught in the Fifth Grade, Second Half Year, see pages 182-183. 108 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING v^uppiciiic llUlXy VVUAU.O V^flXtXl V7XaUC| OCI See Preface, page iii. ^uuu xieui; rai sin slave owe breeze CO coa fool Hst mist har vest ig no rant post al fog a cre^ pit i ful birth « moist crop crown na tion coast chest nut ^ reb el ^ pride har bor rasp ber ry ^ rifle tears ^ canal straw ber ry re pHed cheek cloth iiig juic y flee« chin stitch jel ly be yond chest stripe pi geon ^ fa vor ite worst string weight po em sHp per y pitch er tough verse scat ter what ev er gnaw na ture ashes when ev er wise trav el shov el wher ev er agree fur nish shout some where for give par lor Ian tern coin mer cy frame swal low con due tor en cour age lum ber poi son real er rand car pet pale growth di rect cur tain f e ver con tra ry ex cur sion can vas blis ter im pos si ble Homonyms pail Please bring a pail of water. pale Your sister looks pale. wait Please wait until I come. weight The weight of that bundle is ten pounds. Pronunciations: ^ (silieT) « (chgs'nQt) s (rXz'bSr-Y) * (P^J'Sn) s Noun is reb'el; verb is rebel'. ^ As in " He shall flee from the land of his birth, shedding b'tter tears." SIXTH GRADE First Half Year To THE Teacher. Please read pages vii-xii. 1 2 I 3 4 ear nest choc late bilge man age sue ceed al CO hoi adopt de ceive sure believe knit adopt beauty stomach least circle certain succeed jealous obHge strength shoulder alcohol together furniture earnest chocolate weather 5. Dictation Review I. If you are in earnest, you will succeed. 2. Chocolate is a food, but alcohol is a poison. 3. I have been obliged to adopt a new course. 4. How did he manage to deceive you? 5. If you want to succeed, save. — Thrift Motto. II 6 7 8 9 cir cu lar per suade prep a ra tion thor ough ag ri cul ture eas i ly ben e fit ed u ca tion deceive chocolate promise adopt receive circular escape toward manage death easily circle earnest alcohol persuade benefit naughty agriculture special preparation 109 no ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 10. Dictation Review I. Please read this circular about a course in agriculture. 2. You can easily persuade your friend to take it. 3. Such preparation for managing a farm would be of great benefit. 4. A thorough education is worth while. 111 11 12 13 14 pe cul iar dis miRS dis tance lunch eon familiar guide Tillage res tau rant touch voice easy women loose manage guide patient eighth succeed dismiss easily thorough familiar instead village education peculiar circular distance 15. Dictation Review I. These mountains are rather peculiar, but I am familiar with them. 2. Let us dismiss our guide. 3. It is only a short distance to the village. 4. There we can have luncheon at a restaurant. IV 16 17 18 19 dew cur rant tying folks dawn ex eel lent hand ker chief bou quet * piano dew adopt angry famous dawn thou^ tying luncheon explore currant bicycle restaurant benefit deceive thorough agriculture forenoon excellent handkerchief 1 Pronunciation on page 184. SIXTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 111 20. Dictation Review I. Have you ever seen dew on the grass at dawn ? 2. Here are some excellent currants for our cake. 3. Why are you tying a knot in your handkerchief? 4. Please take this bouquet to the young folks. 21. Adjectives Change the following adjectives to forms that end in er and est; for example, small, smaller, smallest. Use them in sen- tences of your own. young narrow ^ long bright queer smooth quick strong weak old 22 23 24 26 mes sage per mis sion ac cu rate seize im me di ate ly ex pe ri ence ac count enemy guess fierce pity color folks oblige wagon loose tying chocolate piece prompt bouquet against parents accurate sentence message permission account preparation immediately experience alcohol 26. Dictation Review I. Please send this message immediately. 2. Will you give me permission to tell about my experience? 3. I shall try to give an accurate account. 4. The enemy tried to aeizc the city but failed. 5. Experience keeps a dear school, but fools will learn in no other. — Franklin. 112 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING VI .27 28 29 30 unite part ner im ag ine as sure cho rus firm angel con cam seize adopt firm angel profit unite tying persuade benefit chorus partner imagine enemy village luncheon excellent perhaps suppose currant handkerchief 31. Dictation Review I. Let us unite in singing the chorus. 2. I am a partner in that firm. 3. Try to imagine that angels are with us. 4. I assure you that the matter does not concern me. VII 32 33 34 35 dam age ab sence judge madam fur nace maid de ci sion re ceipt guess dew maid iron seize bouquet buy judge assure deceive couple biscuit concern damage examine familiar dismiss furnace absence decision 36. Dictation Review I. The damage to our furnace was so great that we have no fire to-night. 2. During the absence of our maid I remained at home. 3. The judge will give his decision to-morrow. 4. Madam, do you wish a receipt for your money ? SIXTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 113 Homonyms maid When will the maid serve luncheon? made What made you come so soon ? 37. Formation of Adjectives (Lesson 21 Continued) I. Adjectives ending in e add only r and st; thus, pure, purer, purest. II. Adjectives ending in y change y to i before adding er or €st; thus, lazy, lazier, laziest. See Spelling Rule II, page 196. III. Adjectives of one syllable ending in a single consonant with a single vowel before it, double the final consonant before adding er or est; thus, thin, thinner, thinnest. See Rule III. Following the rules, change these adjectives to forms that end in er and est^ and use them in sentences of your own : sure healthy early heavy happy pretty pale big fierce hot VIII 38 39 40 41 information knowledge cap tain pres i dent judg ment sub ject cabin the a ter -every rough angel blue madam early absence cabin receipt account subject assure already judgment knowledge captain breakfast information experience permission 42. Dictation Review I. Without more information I cannot pass judgment. 2. I must first have a better knowledge of the subject. 3. The captain had little time to rest in his cabin. 4. President Lincoln was shot in a theater. 114 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 43 re pub lie ma jor i ty cough bouquet theater peculiar president 44 tip hold gov ern ment suit could republic majority restaurant IX 45 con di tion cit i zen tight always uphold accurate government 46 for eign Ian guage pity message citizen condition minute 47. Dictation Review I. Our republic is not safe unless a majority of the people uphold it. 2. This man promises to uphold the government. 3. On that condition he may be made a citizen. 4. Do you speak any foreign language ? 5. Lost, yesterday, somewhere between sunrise and sunset, two golden hours, each set with sixty diamond minutes. No reward is offered, for they are gone forever. — Horace Mann. Review (Sections I-IX) See Note to Teacher, page 83. dew chorus receipt majority dawn assiure deceive language maid easily captain thorough firm uphold accoimt chocolate tying earnest currant excellent folks absence bouquet knowledge guide subject citizen president adopt theater foreign condition enemy succeed decision immediately SIXTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 115 seize benefit circular restaurant unite dismiss persuade permission angel cabin distance government judge oblige luncheon experience madam imagine judgment agriculture manage concern republic information damage furnace peculiar education \dllage partner accurate preparation message alcohol famiUar handkerchief 48 49 X 60 51 po lit i cal ex treme ly sec re ta ry vol ume con ven tion fash ion pa tience cat a logue madam enemy caught decision subject partner dismiss condition foreign receipt extremely repubHc language political fashion patience judgment convention majority secretary 52. Dictation Review I. A political convention selected this man for office. 2. He speaks extremely well. 3. These clothes are in fashion now. 4. The secretary showed great patience in writing the letters. 5. The first volume of the art catalogue is missing. 53. Foreign Cities Lon don Par is Pe tro grad Con stan ti no pie Liv er pool Bar Un Mos cow ^ Bue nos Ai res ^ Glas gow Vi en na To kyo Ri o de Ja nei ro ^ Pronunciations : ^ (mBa'ko) ^ (bwa'nos i'ras) ^ (rg'o da zhd-na'ro) 116 ESSENTL\LS OF SPELLING XI 64 55 56 57 ma chine gen tie man re tire sober sat is f ac to ry manner serv ice quar rel firm folks unite retire damage chorus assure service volume absence answer deceive expense machine manner theater catalogue satisfactory gentleman patient 58. Dictation Review I. The work which this machine does is not satisfactory. 2. You may know a gentleman by his manners. 3. Do you wish to retire from my service at the end of the year? 4. A sober man will not often begin a quarrel. XII 59 60 61 62 State ment offend truth f ul sev er al sig na ture prin ci pal se vere ab sent sober thiunb wrong laugh volume patience offend severe fashion furnace president concern quarrel signature principal truthful education statement information experien 63. Dictation Review I. That statement over your signature will settle everything. 2. Be careful not to offend the principal of our school. 3. If you are truthful, he may not be severe. 4. Several of the pupUs are absent this morning. SIXTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 117 64. Plural of Nouns Some nouns ending mforfe change / or fe to ves to form the plural ; thus, calf, calves ; knife, knives. Some nouns ending in o with a consonant before it, add es to form the plural ; thus, hero, heroes. By making similar changes, write the plural forms of these nouns: half potato leaf loaf thief Ufa wife Negro shelf tomato XII] 65 66 67 68 allow neph ew cous in male busi ness niece f u ner al f e male dawn their service manner cabin captain niece quarrel absent imagine retire cousin village allow nephew fimeral several business political secretary 69. Dictation Review I. You should not allow your business to take all your time. 2. This nephew and this niece are my sister's children. 3. There were twelve cousins at her funeral. 4. The male robin is a Uttle larger than the female. 5. It is every man's business to work in this world. It is the business of the rich man even more than of the poor man, because he has more with which to work. — Roosevelt. Homonyms male A male deer is called a stag. mail Please mail this letter for me. 118 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XIV 70 71 72 78 daily trust pri vate treas ur er com pan ion law yer there fore com plete male daily trust absent female blew ocean private foreign damage lawyer therefore statement several machine truthful signature companion convention catalogue 74. Dictation Review I. His dog is his daily companion. 2. I trust my lawyer; therefore you may talk with him about any of my business, public or private. 3. Our treasurer has mailed you a complete account of the money in his hands. XV 75 76 77 78 eel e bra tion noble in tro duce medal honor con duct neigh ber gym na si um offend honor noble introduce retire cousin conduct nephew severe business volume extremely treasurer eleven bouquet allow complete celebration thorough neighbor 79. Dictation Review I. A celebration was held in his honor. 2. Every one spoke of his noble conduct. 3. May I introduce my neighbor? 4. A medal was given to the winner of the games in the gymnasium. 5. Above all, we must stand shoulder to shoulder for the honor and the greatness of our conmion country. — Roosevelt. SIXTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 119 XVI 80 81 82 83 check worry- con sent car riage bag gage arrive mar riage op po site medal niece maid guide desert check worry earnest furnace baggage arrive consent succeed language partner marriage gymnasium gentleman handkerchief immediately 84. Dictation Review I. Did you check our baggage? 2. Yes, but don't worry if it doesn't arrive when we do. 3. Do you consent to their marriage? 4. Our carriage is there on the opposite side of the street. XVII 85 86 87 88 val u a ble bur glar awk ward due jewel purse prob a bly false hood daily jewel purse often noble although lawyer death chance private burglar complete carriage valuable business probably opposite therefore introduce awkward 89. Dictation Reveew I. She could not find her valuable jewels. 2. A burglar had stolen her purse. 3. The man has an awkward manner.. 4. It is probably due to the falsehood he told us. 5 . Cowards die many times before their death . — Shakespeare;. 120 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING Homonyms due What amount is due you? dew The grass is wet with dew. XVIII 90 91 92 93 e lee trie at ten tion gov er nor eon sid er cur rent com plaint se ri ous de eide due seize receive citizen neighbor thought carriage tongue voyage electric conduct serious celebration current complaint treasurer falsehood gymnasium attention governor 94. Dictation Review I. The electric current was turned off. 2. The company paid no attention to our complaint. 3. The governor knows it is a serious matter. 4. He will consider well before he decides what to do. Homonyms current The current is strongest in the middle of the river, currant These dried currants are small raisins. XIX 95 96 97 98 type writ er eon tin ue deny cor dial ly in de pend ent salary com mand sue cess due worry arrive deny check burglar salary purse decide consent though carriage consider typewriter continue opposite valuable independent probably command SIXTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 121 99. Dictation Review I. My typewriter has made me independent of a secretary. 2. He wiU not continue to work for his present salary. 3. We deny your right to command here. 4. I cordially wish you success. 5. May you prove that you are able to command a large salary. Review (Sections X-XIX) due retire burglar private deny offend serious conduct purse severe success statement sober absent awkward introduce niece nephew command companion daily- cousin complete therefore trust lawyer business complaint honor salary consider signature noble current patience cordially allow opposite truthful catalogue quarrel fashion neighbor gentleman check machine marriage treasurer worry service carriage gymnashim jewel medal extremely falsehood male several valuable attention female funeral probably convention arrive political electric celebration decide principal governor typewriter volume baggage continue independent manner consent secretary satisfactory For a pronouncing list of all words taught in the Sixth Grade, First Half Year, see pages 184-185. 122 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING Stif^ementary Words (Sixth Grade, First Half) See Preface, page iii. law tax serv ant sen si ble cana ry eagle el e phant shark sav age hor ri ble evil art ist charm con cert so cial dine to ma to wal nut flavor mel low bak er y sat is fy butch er stock ranch stable pas ture dai sy elm ^ f oun tain splen did mir ror sword ^ re volv er hos tile ^ trem ble mo ment sa lute troops driU vie to ry dying risk in de pend ence cloak crim son cush ion mer chant com merce auc tion pro mote ex change in dus try lo ca tion vi cin i ty apply ad mis sion charge ad mit pov er ty heal lungs bal loon flex i ble dense com po si tion text au thor chap ter mag a zine im pa tient he ro cheer rival boast brake hook hatch et brace a vail a ble pat tern sam pie yarn shelf porch eel lar car pen ter e lee tri cian Homonyms break Which window did they break ? brake The brakes on this car are not strong enough. heel I wear rubber heels on my shoes, heal I hope the wound will heal quickly. Pronunciations : ^ (81m), only one syllable. 2 (sord) '(hSs'tll) Sixth Grade, Second Half Year XX 100 lOf 102 103 de feat im mense dif far ence film plan liq uor civil freight jewel plan male civil breast niece guest female success decide honor salary baggage defeat liquor funeral cordially natural immense difference 104. Dictation Review I. Such a law will defeat their plan. 2. An immense amount of grain has been used in making liquor. 3. There is much difference between civil and political rights. 4. I haven't films enough to take pictures of all those freight trains. 105 ex am i na tion memory film which freight consider governor XXI 106 for tu nate pro f es sor oblige complaint memory command examination 107 med i cine dis ease chorus principal success fortunate professor 108 sim i lar ef feet captain continue disease absence medicine 109. Dictation Review I. The examination showed that his memory is very good. 2. The professor is a fortunate man. 3. What medicine did he take for that disease? 4. What else has a similar effect? 123 124 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING XXII 110 111 112 113 omit brief ex press sys tern nee es sa ry pe ri od pin ion dis gust film civil brief eyes weigh omit period liquor effect disease honest express similar necessary difference opinion attention independent typewriter cordially 114. Dictation Review I. Let us omit what is not necessary. 2. We shall be here for only a brief period. 3. I shall not express any opinion. 4. Our heating system is so poor that we are disgusted with it. XXIII 115 116 117 118 enter par tic u lar re f er ring wheth er 11 bra ry sug gest pre vi ous Ob ject meant enter suggest either cousin freight immense disease severe library- continue machine system salary fortunate previous disgust marriage particular referring 119. Dictation Review I. When you enter a library you should be quiet. 2. Have you any one in particular to suggest for the place? 3. Are you referring to a previous letter? 4. It doesn't matter whether you object or not. 5. Commerce and industry are the best mines of a nation. — Washington. SIXTH GRADE, SECOND HALF XXIV 120 121 122 123 au to mo bile ^ grease ter ri ble shield ga rage i gas line ac ci dent hos pi tal sign brief choose omit niece straight grea,se usual object garage awkward nephew introduce similar gasoline terrible whether automobile necessary accident 125 124. Dictation Review I. Drive the automobile into the garage. 2. I shall fill the grease cups and put in some gasoline. 3. The wind shield was broken in a terrible accident. 4. Whom did they take to the hospital? 125. Adverbs Change the following adjectives to adverbs by adding ly ; thus, wise, wisely. Use the adverbs in sentences of your own. brave honest severe awful prompt free sure particular real thorough XXV 126 127 128 129 jour ney lee ture ^ nal ly de scrip tion punc ture jour nal print ar ti cle easily raise , trouble print imagine express system angel shield persuade lecture finally language journey journal believe hospital pimcture companion gymnasium 1 Pronunciation on page i86. 126 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 130. Dictation Review I. We began our journey last Wednesday. 2. A puncture kept us waiting forty minutes. 3. I saw a notice of your lecture in the journal. 4. It was finally decided to print the story. 5. From your description I think the article will be satisfactory. XXVI 131 132 133 134 may er cancel in van tion pos ses sion sup port bar rel cen tu ry Chan nel ache climb engine instead enter support serious suggest current mayor cancel political article hospital barrel century description falsehood typewriter invention 135. Dictation Review I. The mayor needs the support of every one in the city. 2. I shall cancel your order for a barrel of sugar. 3. That invention was made in the last century. 4. If they were in possession of the channel, they could send out their ships. XXVII 136 137 138 139 curious cashier un for tu nate con f ess advice crazy term par don forty laugh crazy term journal advice cashier patience channel curious whole joiuney opposite puncture lecture treasurer possession invention description unfortunate SIXTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 127. 140. Dictation Review I. I am curious to know what advice you will give. 2. The cashier may have been crazy. 3. The unfortunate man was sent to prison for a long term. 4. If he will confess, the governor may pardon him. XXVIII 141 142 143 144 rapid thus deed or gan ize rate sur round sor row loyal busy rate thus brief confess rapid defeat madam express disgust salary deed memory peculiar medicine medal pardon necessary surroimd sorrow accident secretary electric therefore 145. Dictation Review I. The enemy marched toward the city at a rapid rate. 2. Thus they hoped to surprise and surround it. 3. Their evil deeds caused much sorrow. 4. The loyal citizens organ- ized quickly. 146. Dictation Exercises 1. Laziness travels so slowly that Poverty soon overtakes him. — Franklin. 2. By the faults of others wise men correct their own. 3. You cannot govern others unless you can govern yourself, 4. For peace and for plenty, for freedom, for rest, For joy in the land from the East to the West, For the dear starry flag with its red, white, and blue, We thank Thee from hearts that are tender and true. 128 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING Review (Sections XX-XXVIII) See Note to Teacher on page 83. deed pardon confess terrible thus cancel journey organize rate barrel library accident term object suggest hospital omit garage express medicine plan period disgust gasoline film system freight invention brief grease disease referring shield defeat similar necessary cashier liquor curious fortunate rapid memory previous professor crazy support whether possession print article century particular mayor loyal opinion automobile enter finally channel difference civil journal immense unfortunate sorrow lecture surround description effect advice puncture XXIX examination 147 148 149 150 tel e graph re spect f ul ly tel e gram tel e phone steam er ad vise con quer um brel la cashier crazy advise grease loyal shield mayor medicine advice steamer sorrow conquer organize journey curious telegram February telegraph respectfully organize SIXTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 129 151. Dictation Review I. Telegraph her that the steamer sails Tuesday. 2. I should respectfully advise you not to do so. 3. His last tele- gram said that he would conquer or die. 4. May I telephone for your umbrella? XXX 152 153 154 155 tern per a ture pre far min er al com mence to bac CO dai ry ing mu se um dec rate daughter advise cause double cancel channel freight garage cashier article prefer island professor tobacco examination museum telephone whether previous mineral umbrella temperature s dairying gasoline 156. Dictation Review I. The temperature there is not warm enough for growing tobacco. 2. I prefer dairying to any other business just now. 3. He has brought many valuable minerals for our museum. 4. When will they commence to decorate this room? XXXI 157 158 159 160 dis ap point dye stu pid prod uct jack et spoil tai lor equal cancel coarse dye prefer mineral jacket spoil stupid decorate period umbrella telegram commence disappoint conquer tailor dairying automobile sincerely dictionary 130 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 161. Dictation Review I. I am disappointed in my jacket. 2. The dye has spoUed the cloth. 3. A stupid tailor cut it badly. 4. The product of two times six is equal to the product of three times four. Homonyms dye This dye is a light I )lue. He is dyeiix g the yarn. die A man can die but < once. He is dying ; of hunger. XXXII 162 163 164 165 royal temp ta tion SO ci e ty doubt pal ace dis bey- mu si clan de light ed music royal mayor confess equal library- medicine pardon century palace temptation society product steamer disobey musician possession cordially catalogue familiar referring respectfully unfortunate government 166. Dictation Review I. There will be concerts at the royal palace this winter. 2. Most men have no temptation to disobey the laws. 3. The best people in society will hear the great musician to-night. 4. No doubt they will be dehghted. 5. Some temptations come to the industrious, but all tempta- tions attack the idle. — Spurgeon. 167. Adverbs Change these adjectives to adverbs by adding ly, and use the adverbs in sentences of your own : accurate accidental brief complete awkward entire serious extreme SIXTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 131 XXXIII 170 171 im por tant reg u lar improvement practice liquor equal garage piece ^^. percentage jacket tailor penmanship important satisfactory disappoint improvement 172. Dictation Review I. Defend yourself even if you have to use force. 2. The penmanship of a large percentage of people is poor. 3. It is important that there be an improvement in yours. 4. This can be gained by regular practice. 168 de fend force doubt product delighted barrel gasoline 169 pen man ship per cent age force royal defend tailor XXXIV 173 174 175 176 speech gram mar fully pro gram pray es pe cial ly grad u ate sea son honor pray daily spoil against doubt cousin fuUy stupid speech palace cashier practice several grammar nephew orchard manufacture surprise graduate regular musician especially healthy 177. Dictation Review I. Listen carefully to this speech, I pray you. 2. is an especially useful study. 3. should fully understand its rules, out for the season. Grammar The graduate of a school 4. The program is made 132 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 178. Dictation Exercise If a task is once begun, Never leave it till it's done ; Be the labor great or small, Do it well, or not at all. XXXV 179 180 181 182 de scend view crawl whis tie route different curve ap proach force fully view doubt society route absence curve progra,m contain mischief crawl listen descend different regular season signature necessary opinion 183. Dictation Review I. Let us descend the mountain by a new route. 2. We shall then have a diifferent view. 3. See the train crawUng around that curve. 4. The engine whistles as it approaches the station. Homonyms route What is the shortest route to Chicago ? root A tree has many roots. 184. Spelling Rule Reviewed Review Spelling Rule I, page 196. To make a verb form end- ing in ed, sl verb that ends in e adds only d. Following the rule (so far as it applies), change the followin||^ verbs to forms ending in ing and ed ; thus, explore, exploring, explored; defeat, defeating, defeated. promise raise offer ache search receive repeat serve wake oblige SIXTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 133 XXXVI 185 186 187 188 Spread desire ex cite permit dis cour age de stroy vis i tor com fort a ble rapid pray desire excite defend spread destroy shield whistle grammar graduate visitor disobey discourage museum delighted approach percentage especially permission 189. Dictation Review I. They have spread false news to discourage the people. 2. Why should anybody desire to destroy our factory? 3. Those visitors are all right, but they seem to be excited. 4. Permit me to make them comfortable. 190. Spelling Rules Reviewed Following rules II, III, IV, page 196, change these verbs to forms ending in ing and ed, and use them in written sentences : plan control apply omit permit reply admit refer prefer deny XXXVII 191 192 193 194 ce re als de part ment in quire mo tion leath er ad ver tise ment sep a rate fright ened curve deed crazy view speech comfortable route crawl permit approach different inquire whistle cereals department separate professor leather improvement tobacco brought temptation advertisement describe 134 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 195. Dictation Review I. Breakfast cereals are sold in the grocery department. 2. Here is an advertisement of chairs covered with real leather. 3. Please inquire if there are any separate covers. 4. A horse is sometimes frightened by a quick motion. 196. Dictation Exercise — Letter of Application 205 East 57th Street New York, N. Y. November 27, 19 16 Mr. Robert Marston Yonkers, N. Y. Dear Sir: In reply to your advertisement for an office boy in to-day's "Sun," I wish to apply for the position. I am fifteen years of age and a graduate of PubUc School No. 65. I have also had a siunmer's experience in this kind of work and will do my best if you decide to give me a trial. I refer you by permission to Miss Arnold, principal of Public School No. 65, and to A. E. Johnson & Co., for whom I worked last summer. Respectfully yours, John A. Wells XXXVIII 197 198 199 200 e lee tion guilty lib er ty neg lect dis grace dis ap pear pre cicus wealth whether inquire spread judge motion suggest guilty grammar telegraph election terrible separate theater disgrace disappear liberty surround distance comfortable precious irightened particular temperature leather SIXTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 135 201. Dictation Review I. That election was a disgrace to the city. 2. The guilty men have disappeared. 3. Liberty is more precious than life. 4. We must not neglect it for wealth. 5. The God who gave us life, gave us liberty at the same time. — Jefferson. Review (Sections XXIX-XXXVIII) dye permit whistle telegraph jacket speech grammar telegram pray defend graduate telephone curve view product delighted prefer stupid inquire important route visitor society penmanship fully dairying season disappear crawl tailor steamer disappoint force palace tobacco disobey spoil conquer mineral temptation equal different decorate especially royal museum commence discourage doubt musician umbrella frightened guilty regular motion percentage wealth liberty election department spread neglect disgrace advertisement leather cereals precious temperature desire program approach improvement advise destroy practice comfortable excite descend separate respectfully For a pronouncing list of all words taught in the Sixth Grade, Second Half Year, see pages 186-187. 136 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING Supplementary Words (Sixth Grade, Second Half) See Preface, page iii. lawn dec i mal spi der widow mead ow f rac tion sponge vie let fer tile stu dent clam vel vet source schol ar lob ster wrap both er pa tri ot oys ter shawl ■ cau tion hello pearl cheat goal yell greas y de ceit ful pil grim roar sand wich li ar badge squeal fowl ac cuse foe echo salm on ^ swear value bu reau sal ad mur der pur chase stor age cigar pro tect tim ber blot ter cig a rette re venge trol ley tab let beer tale as cend Cray on liq uid par a graph Cap i tol laun dry cafe 3 Dem crat de serve starch bliz zard Re pub lie an for tune khaki 1 sleigh ^ cast den tist sad die in tend elect drug gist bri die ex pla na tion stub born band age ex tent mis spell con test in fee tious sur ren der neg li gence ten nis Words to be Distinguished capital Albany is the capital of New York. Capitol The state Capitol is a beautiful building. fowl, tail That fowl has a beautiful tail. foul, tale This is a tale of foul murder and revenge. Pronunciations : * (ka'ke) gone for a sleigh ride." « (sSm'fin) (kA-faO * As in " They have SEVENTH GRADE First Half Year Note to the Teacher. — The plan of the book that has been followed in the earlier grades is discontinued in the seventh and eighth grades in the behef that pupils are now able to study by a more mature and independent method. All the words given in the numbered columns are new words. No review words are listed, except in the bimonthly reviews, because with pupils of this age increasing emphasis should be placed upon each pupil's keeping his own list of troublesome words for review study. These indi- vidual lists should be reviewed frequently under the direction of the teacher. Only four words are given in each column because it is beheved that not more than four new words can be mastered thoroughly by the pupils of these grades in a spelling period. As is stated on pages xi-xii, it is strongly recommended that the teacher should first find how many words of a given large group, — in this grade, sixteen or more words, — the pupils already know. When this has been determined from a preliminary test, the words that need special study should be learned by the method described on pages vii-viii, or by any other appropriate drill device. In all testing, the teacher should first give orally a simple sentence or phrase using the word, and then repeat the required word. For example, "1 am eager to begin the game. Eager." 1 2 3 4 eager con ceal chauffeur! mas cu line cease in crease bar gain f em i nine league trea son in jure in sur ance ap peal di am e ter whol ly 2 regret 6. Dictation Exercise I regret that I have but one life to lose for my country. — Nathan Hale. ^ Pronunciation on page i88. ^ As in " wholly destroyed." 137 138 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 6 ca reer ex ceed pro ceed fee ble 7 reeP screen a gree ment in deed 8 claim con nee tion pos sess re spect 9 • event cour age ad van tage dis sat is fied 10. Prefix dis Notice that the word dissatisfied is a combination of dis, meaning ''not," and satisfied. Prefix dis to the following words, and use them in sentences of your own. If you are not sure of their meaning, consult your dictionary. agreement close appoint respect possess appear obey connect courage advantage 11 12 13 14 re lief ad ver tise ac quire en dure yield de Clare re quire en gage pierce jus tice ledge li cense hy gi ene prej u dice pledge pro vide 15. Review the words in lessons 1-14, giving special attention to troublesome words. 16. Review of Spelling Rules Review spelling rules I and II, page 196. Following the rules (so far as they apply), change these verbs to forms ending in ing and ed, and use them in sentences of your own : cease satisfy exceed engage judge endure require proceed advertise pierce copy provide succeed discourage dine 1 The reel on a fishing rod; a reel of moving pictures. SEVENTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 139 17 18 19 20 col ny hence dread occur angle si lence treas ure oc cur rence inner fuel com pel ker sene lei sure f ul fill expel com mit tee 21. Review of Spelling Rules Review spelling rules III and IV, page 196. Following the rules (so far as they apply), add ing and ed to the following verbs,. and use the new forms in sentences of your own. Why does, rule IV not apply to appeal and conceal ? stop omit 22 ath let ics ^ gym nas tics pol i tics rep re sent plan permit occur expel regret compel appeal conceal' 23 in ter nipt e con my col lege me Chan ic 24 chem ist be siege jan i tor em ploy 25 cour te sy cour tb ous in stall ment af feet 26. Words to be Distinguished affect That cold will affect her throat. effect It will have a bad effect on her voice. This medicine will effect a cure. 27. Dictation Exercises 1. Keep your friends by fidelity, conquer your foes by kind- ness, win all by goodness and courtesy. 2. Learn economy and you start on the road to success. All fortunes have their foundations laid in thrift. — Thrift Mottoes. * Pronunciation on page i88; note that there are only three syllables. 140 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING On that shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep. Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses? Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam, In full glory reflected now shines on the stream. *Tis the star-spangled banner ! Oh, long may it wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave ! — Francis Scott Key. Review (Lessons 1-25) eager reel acquire occur cease screen require occurrence league agreement ledge kerosene appeal indeed pledge committee conceal claim endure athletics increase connection engage gymnastics treason possess license politics diameter respect provide represent chauffeur event colony interrupt bargain courage angle economy injure advantage inner college wholly dissatisfied leisure mechanic masculine relief hence chemist feminine yield silence besiege insurance pierce fuel janitor regret hygiene fulfill employ career advertise dread courtesy exceed declare treasure courteous proceed justice compel installment feeble prejudice expel affect SEVENTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 141 28 29 30 31 twi light debt or yacht 2 scheme flight cred i tor tour ing vas e line in no cent mort gage ^ oc cu py- pur sue il lus trate ^ weap on re quest prin ci pie 32. Words to be Distinguished principle The first principle of money making is money saving. — Thrift Motto, principal The principal of our school is a woman. Can you name the principal cities of your state? 33 34 35 36 pra cious con sid er a tion per son al shrewd de li cious nat u ral ly ab surd ca pa ble sus pi cious gen er al ly ven ture re li a ble anx ious oc ca sion as sist en ter tain 37. Adverbs The adverb naturally is formed from the adjective natural by adding the suffix ly. In most adjectives that end in le, the e is dropped and only y is added. For example, adjective capable, adverb capably, gentle, gently. In most adjectives that end in y, the y is changed to i when ly is added. Thus, adjective hearty, adverb heartily. Form correct adverbs from the following adjectives by adding ly, or changing le to ly, or changing y to ily ; and use the adverbs in written sentences of your own. simple busy anxious partial occasional personal separate respectful necessary feeble suspicious heavy ' Pronunciation on page i88. * Pronunciation on page 189. 142 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 38 39 40 41 dis trib ute for mal ly colo nel ^ local rec om mend de spise lieu ten ant ty rant dis trict fre quent mi li tia va cant rep re sent a tive re spon si ble rank berth 42. Homonyms birth What is the date of your birth? berth I have bought a ticket for an upper berth on the ten o'clock train. 43. Review the words in lessons 28-42, giving special atten- tion to the troublesome words. 44 45 46 47 pri ma ry are a con ta gious se ere cy sec ond a ry depth ex cus a ble op pose am a teur ^ mod ern de sir a ble en ti tie hand some ^ cus tom mere for mer ly 48. Words to be Distinguished formally She was formally invited to our party, formerly Formerly he lived on our street. 49 50 51 52 suf f er gen er ous blun der con ceit ses sion com pli ment tact par eel mis sion wretch punc tu al par al lei dis cus sion bare ly Stat ue re cov er Pronunciation on page i88. SEVENTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 143 53. Dictation Exercises 1. Four things belong to a judge: to hear courteously, to answer wisely, to consider soberly, and to decide impartially. — Socrates. 2. Taxation without representation is tyranny. — James Otis. Review (Lessons 28-52) tmlight consideration colonel secrecy flight naturally lieutenant oppose innocent generally militia entitle illustrate occasion rank formerly debtor personal local suffer creditor absurd tyrant session mortgage venture vacant omission weapon assist berth discussion yacht shrewd primary generous touring capable secondary compliment occupy reliable amateur wretch request entertain handsome barely scheme distribute area blunder vaseline recommend depth tact pursue district modern punctual principle representative custom statue gracious formally contagious conceit delicious despise excusable parcel suspicious frequent desirable parallel anxious responsible mere recover For a pronouncing list of all words taught in the Seventh Grade, First Half Year, see pages 188-189. 144 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING Supplementary Words (Seventh Grade, First Half) let tuce ^ vin e gar gin ger nos tril plague fick le pro ce dure truce im pu dent tru ant dis hon est meth od trans por ta tion a board de lay pro voke a buse dis turb flash ex plode ex plo sion frag ment See pages iii, iv, tri an gle di a gram com pass chis el wedge lens bat ter y cell char coal ra di a tor clutch ax le tube tire tri pie en am el main tain main te nance ap pli ance as sist ance ren der prof it a ble and I 67-1 71. tar get ^ range mil i ta ry scar let mar shal ^ ma jor mi nor pro ces sion hel met knight bar ber plumb er ma son en gi neer peas ant shep herd priest preach ded i cate clev er twin kle con tin u al ly gown seam o ver lap crease de crease weave warp tan gle har ness rec re a tion pool plunge ca noe cap size dis cern ^ sum mit al ti tude pop u lar phrase top ic sin gu lar con ver sa tion Homonyms seem You do not seem well to-day. seam I have one more seam to sew in this waist. nights The nights are long in winter. knights The knights of old wore helmets. Pronunciations: 1 (IStTs) « (tar'ggt) 3 (dt-zfirn') < Noun or verb ; never adjective. Seventh Grade, Second Half Year 54 55 56 57 argue in come tor pe do per ish ar gu ment es tate sub ma rine right eous court de vel op out rage re solve con vict char ac ter vie tim de vote 58. Dictation Exercise It is rather for us tc be here dedicated to the great task re- maining before us, — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion ; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain ; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom ; and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall not perish from the earth. — Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. 59 60 61 62 Sen ate en trance phy si cian sci ence sol emn im por tance ca tarrh ac cu ra cy sum mon ac quaint ance con sump tion ox y gen cab i net rel a tive pop u la tion skillful 63. Suffix ful Note how the adjective skillful is formed from the noun skill. Form adjectives by adding ful to the following nouns and use them in written sentences of your own. If you are not sure of the exact meaning, consult your dictionary. tact play fear peace disgrace •dread health power 145 success respect 146 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 64 66 66 67 ev i dence ma te ri al prog ress scene ref er ence prop er ty op por tu ni ty a vi a tor cir cum f er ence ter ri to ry mod est plane in tel li gence sub urb style a er o plane 68. Homonyms scene Did you visit the scene of the wreck ? seen I have not seen him for a long while. plain Your duty is very plain. The plains of the West are a rich farming section, plane The carpenter said he was using a plane. 69. Review the words in lessons 54-68, giving special at- tention to troublesome words. 70 71 72 73 missionary limit altogether squad mis chie vous pro vi sion ac cord ing ban quet va ri ous ped dler sup press pre cede su per in tend ent op po nent pub li ca tion twen ti eth 74. Words to be Distinguished proceed You may proceed with your story. precede He should precede me into the dining room. 75 76 77 • 78 em pire more ver bal ance sole ^ cir cuit mold per mis si ble heir 2 energy neu tral as sas sin ca ble coil chal lenge re strain sta tion a ry ^ 1 The sole of a shoe; one's sole aim. 2 -phe heir to an estate; pronunriation on page 190. ' A stationary population ; a stationary cable. SEVENTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 147 79. Dictation Exercises 1. Habit is a cable. We weave a thread of it every day and at last we cannot break it. — Horace Mann. 2. A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches, and loving favor than silver and gold. — Proverb. 3. A great nation is made only by worthy citizens. — Warner. Review (Lessons 54-78) See Note to ' Teacher, page 83. argue entrance progress squad argument importance opportunity banquet court acquaintance modest precede convict relative style twentieth income physician scene empire estate catarrh aviator circuit develop consumption plane energy character population aeroplane coil torpedo science missionary moreover submarine accuracy- mischievous mold outrage oxygen various neutral victim skillful superintendent challenge perish evidence limit balance righteous reference provision permissible resolve circumference peddler assassin devote intelligence opponent restrain Senate material altogether sole solemn property according heir summon territory suppress cable cabinet suburb publication stationary 148 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 80 81 82 83 ex hi bi tion ac tion e lab rate ar ti fi cial as so ci a tion am bi tion cer e mo ny clum sy com bi na tion cal en dar im ag i na ry com mit ex cep tion re pair con f er ex ist ence 84. Dictation Exercise — Formal N OTE Miss May Jones requests the pleasure of Miss Helen Hart's company at a birthday party on Monday, February twenty- ninth, from eight to eleven o'clock. 97 Main Avenue February seventeenth 86 pho to graph pho no graph sta tion er y cor re spond ence 86 grum ble poul try es ti mate mat i nee ^ 87 de spair de cent cap ture im i tate 88 en ve lope in spect ex tract hor i zon tal 89. Words to be Distinguished stationary All kinds of stationary engines are made here. stationery I wrote the letter on my best stationery. 90 in i tial an nu al mu tu al 91 mus tache ^ com pound in sect 92 def i nite de gree fu ri ous 93 ob jec tion hu man ill ness con tract mis er y mys te ri ous in di gest i ble 94. Review the words in lessons 80-93, giving special attention to troublesome words. Pronunciation on page 191. SEVENTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 149 95 qual i ty quan ti ty af fair di rec tor 96 ac com mo date in close ben e fi cial dif fi cul ty 97 in stru ment cem e ter y in elude ma chin er y 98 haste soul nerv ous ob sta cle 99. Homonyms sole He was the sole heir of his uncle. soul Breathes there the man with soul so dead, Who never to himself hath said. This is my own, my native land ! — Scott. 100. Dictation Exercise — Note of Acceptance Miss Helen Hart accepts with pleasure Miss May Jones's' kind invitation to her birthday party on Monday, February twenty-ninth, from eight to eleven o'clock. 54 Lincoln Street February nineteenth 101 102 103 104 de bate re sign switch rumor trai tor sa cred at tach sur face a rouse di vine fatal whole some com mu ni ty grad u al ly vis i ble priv i lege 105. Dictation Exercises I. To such a task we can dedicate our lives and our fortunes, everything that we are and everything that we have, with the pride of those who know that the day has come when America is privileged to spend her blood and her might for the principles that gave her birth and happiness and the peace which she has treasured. God helping her, she can do no other. — Wilson. 150 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 2. He has sounded forth the trumpet that shall never call retreat ; He is sifting out the hearts of men before his judgment seat ; Oh ! be swift, my soul, to answer him ! be jubilant, my feet ! Our God is marching on. — Juha Ward Howe. Review (Lessons 80-104) exhibition grumble definite haste association poultry degree soul combination estimate furious nervous exception matinee mysterious obstacle action despair objection debate ambition decent human traitor calendar capture illness arouse repair imitate indigestible community elaborate envelope quality resign ceremony inspect quantity- sacred imaginary extract affair divine confer horizontal director gradually artificial initial accommodate switch clumsy annual inclose attach commit , ^ mutual beneficial fatal existence contract difficulty visible photograph mustache instrument rumor phonograph compound cemetery- surface stationery insect include wholesome correspondence misery machinery privilege For a pronouncing list of all words taught in the Seventh Grade, Second Half Year, see pages igo-igi. SEVENTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 151 Supplementary Words (Seventh Grade J, Second Half) See pages iii, iv, and 167-171. heir ess ^ pi neer sir up ^ skel e ton ac tress prai rie CO CO nut brains ges ture fron tier eel er y nerve scowl herb 2 in f ant mus cle im port bough or phan ex haust ex port am bush crip pie pedal* whole sale can non dwarf launch re tail repel mos qui to isth mus ^ pub lish pac i fy curse vol ca no fie tion fiend filthy cy clone prose borne rogue hur ri cane poetry grieve mis led ^ ceil ing opera bos om im pose gal ler y vi lin grave reck on ap plause re hears al mon u ment wa ges groan ^ toi let an tique tem per ance mur mur veil seal reign rack et razor ce ment nom i nate syl la ble scis sors solve grant pro nounce paste board zero wor ship pro nun ci a tion mu ci lage prov erb civ i lized op er a tion var nish rec ol lect de vel op ment ir ri ga tion bow bough rain reign Homonyms He made a low bow when the king entered. One bough of that tree is broken. It is likely to rain to-night. The trouble began during the reign of King George. Pronunciations: 1 (fir'Sa) « (Qrb) » (sYr'iip) bicycle. '' A groan of pain or of disapproval. 4 (mYs-lSd') s (Yfi'mfiB) 6 pedal of a EIGHTH GRADE First Half Year See Note to Teacher, page 137. 1 2 3 4 ad vis a ble suit a ble dis ci pline au di ence re spect a ble lov a ble au thor i ty be di ence nav i ga ble or ches tra ere ate res i dence liable pro pose cruise ^ can vass 5. Homonyms canvas The sails of a ship are made of canvas, canvass The mayor made a careful canvass of the city. 6. Dictation Exercises 1. Every man should learn to give easy, prompt, cheerful obedience to rightful authority. — Washington Gladden. 2. Saving creates independence. — Thrift Motto. 7 8 9 10 emergency reservoir 2 specimen victuals 2 genuine treasury repetition welfare con demn fin an cier dis guise con ceive title financial annoy premium 11. Spelling Rule Reviewed Review spelling rule I, page 196. Following the rule (so far as it applies), add ing to these verbs and use the new forms in written sentences of your own : propose inclose conceive condemn make write come disguise cruise create 1 The cruiF.c made by a ship. * Pronunciation on page 193. 152 EIGHTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 153 12 no tice a ble peace a ble change a ble mile age 13 14 a bil i ty im mi grant prac ti cal em i grant ju ry se cure of fi cial con ven ient 16 wit ness ap par ent ly rig i nal ly el quent 16. Review the words in lessons 1-15, giving special atten- tion to the troublesome words. 17. Adverbs Review lesson 37, page 141. Form adverbs from the follow- ing adjectives and use them in written sentences of your own. mere eloquent convenient genuine financial hasty idle immediate punctual incidental easy secure suitable respectable peaceable 18 venge ance ser geant ^ reg i ment spir it 19 a chieve re lieve va ri e ty rob ber y 20 con science con sci en tious trans f er ac com pa nied 21 in ter fere gen ius pre vent pause 2 22. Spelling Rules Reviewed Review the spelling rules, page 196. Change the following verbs to forms ending in ing and ed, and use them in written sentences of your own. Why does rule II not apply to obey and annoy ? Why does rule IV not apply to repair ? Why not to worship, travel, and suffer? achieve transfer interfere rob worship relieve confer pacify obey travel repair accompany commit annoy suffer Pronunciation on page 193. * A pause in the proceedings. 154 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 23 24 25 26 re al ize sym pa thize ghost at tor ney ^ rec og nize pul ver ize non sense ex ec u tive em pha size be hav ior ne ces si ty in suit crit i cize rep u ta tion e vap rate fiery Review (Lessons 1-26) See Note to Teacher, page 83. advisable reservoir immigrant interfere respectable treasury emigrant genius navigable financier secure prevent liable financial convenient pause suitable specimen witness realize lovable repetition apparently recognize orchestra disguise originally emphasize propose annoy eloquent criticize discipline victuals vengeance sympathize authority welfare sergeant pulverize create conceive regiment behavior cruise premium spirit reputation audience noticeable achieve ghost obedience peaceable relieve nonsense residence changeable variety necessity canvass mileage robbery evaporate emergency ability conscience attorney genuine practical conscientious executive condemn jury transfer insult title official accompanied fiery 1 Pronunciation on page 192. EIGHTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 155 27 28. 29 30 rev e nue es teem guard i an an cient issue re deem in va lid cen sus coun cil glimpse in sane ratio ob tain a broad an nounce re proof 31. Principal Parts of the Verb The principal parts of a verb are the three forms from which the other parts of that verb may be formed. For example, the principal parts of the verb write are present tense write ^ "I write often to my mother," past tense, or preterit wrote, "I wrote a letter yesterday," and past participle written^ "I have written a long letter." The principal parts of many of the most familiar verbs are formed irregularly, so that they must be learned by heart. Memorize the principal parts of the following verbs, and write sentences of your own using each of the forms. Presekt Tense Past Tense, or Preterit Past Participi.e am was been do did done eat ate eaten go went gone see saw seen The principal parts of a verb may be found in the dictionary. For example, the verb draw appears in the dictionary thus : draw, V. /. ; pret. drew; p. p. drawn; p. pr. &• vb. n. drawing. The principal parts are draw, drew, drawn. With the help of your teacher find the principal parts of the following verbs and memorize them. drink drive know ride ring wear fly break steal grow give tear 156 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 32 bois ter ous ri die u lous scan dal ous de sir ous 33 e lim i nate pre lim i na ry con se quence ac cus tomed 34 des sert block ade or di na ri ly a lu mi num 35 im mor al im mor tal Christ re li gion 36. Words to be Distinguished desert A railroad was built across the desert. desert The captain would not desert his ship. dessert We had ice cream for dessert. 37 38 39 40 nui sance ^ bal lot pro f es sion lat ter a bun dance suf f rage quar an tine di plo ma ig no ranee in tel li gent ef fi cient diet at tend ance leg is la ture or gan i za tion rec i pe 41. Words to be Distinguished later I arrived later than you, latter Of the two books you have mentioned, I prefer the latter. 42. Dictation Exercise Five great professions have hitherto existed in every civilized nation. The soldier's profession is to defend it; the pastor's to teach it; the physician's to keep it in health; the lawyer's to enforce justice in it. And the duty of all these men is, on due occasion, to die for it. — Ruskin. 43. Review lessons 27-42, giving special attention to the troublesome words. Pronunciation on page 193. EIGHTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 157 44 de fence of f ense cam paign 45 glo ri ous in gen ious te di ous 46 re li gious Prot es tant Cath lie can di date de lir i ous He brew 47 quar tet du et solo choir 1 48. Review of Troublesome Words Notice which of the following words have only one / : already always alone also almighty although almost all altogether all right 49 50 51 52 ap pear ance mu nic i pal glis ten sel dom ut ter ance in dorse oath in flu ence al li ance avoid dis as ter au toe ra cy al le giance pro duce odor de moc ra cy 53. Principal Parts of the Verb The principal parts of a regular verb are formed by adding d or ed, and the second and third forms are alike. For example, / produce, I produced, I have prodticed. In adding d or ed the rules of spelling (page 196) should be observed. Write the principal parts of the following verbs, consulting your dictionary if necessary. indorse trouble try study recognize avoid refer stop control separate ballot ghsten play attach criticize miss guess stay pass allow 1 Pronunciation on page 192. 158 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 54. Dictation Exercises 1 . The love of my country will be the ruling influence of my conduct. — Washington. 2. He that is good at making excuses is seldom good at any- thing else. — Franklin. 3. The world must be made safe for democracy. — Wilson. Review (Lessons 27-52) revenue eliminate profession quartet issue preliminary quarantine duet council consequence efficient solo obtain accustomed organization choir esteem dessert latter appearance redeem blockade diploma utterance glimpse ordinarily diet alliance abroad aluminum recipe allegiance guardian immoral defense municipal invalid immortal offense indorse insane Christ campaign avoid announce religion candidate produce ancient nuisance glorious glisten census abundance ingenious oath ratio Ignorance tedious disaster reproof attendance delirious odor boisterous ballot religious seldom ridiculous suffrage Protestant influence scandalous intelligent Catholic autocracy desirous legislature Hebrew democracy For a pronouncing list of all words taught in the Eighth Grade, First Half Year, see pages 192-193. EIGHTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 159 Supplementary Words (Eighth Grade, First Half) See pages ii, iv, and 167-171. dis in feet OS trich trou sers re prove bac te ri a par rot flan nel cen sure naph tha ^ pea cock mus lin in tol er ant ben zine ^ leop ard ging ham king dom cam phor prey par a sol col lapse sul phur shrub pet ti coat mod er ate so pra no f li age em broid er y pen sion alto wil der ness re sort pro cure ten or gran ite gos sip min i a ture bass ridge war rior por trait tri pla teau bat tal ion idol mac a ro ni drain age ad vance cul ture sar dines vapor slaugh ter crea ture sau sage haze shriek casket al monds ^ ho ri zon shrink coffin spin ach ^ tariff am bu lance tomb ker nel ^ whis ky sur geon el e men ta ry mo las ses whirl vac ci nat ed ex per i ment di ges tion gut ter ac cent ab so lute pyr a mid pau per hy phen stand ard pre serve a sy lum as so ci ate ver i fy pre sume con ven ience CO op er a tion math e mat ics Words to be Distinguished idle Many men in that factory are idle. idol The captain was the idol of his soldiers. pray He went to church to pray. prey The leoparc crawled toward its prey. Pronunciations: ^ {n&t'thd) » (bSn' ztn) s(a'miindz) Msptn'Sj) » As in " a kernel of rice. " Eighth Grade, Second Half Year 55 56 57 58 e quiv a lent a nal y sis es sen tial mil lion aire al lies ^ pa ral y sis ap pa ra tus ^ neigh bor hood confederate afford hereafter fatigue^ am mu ni tion chron ic a muse ment nour ish ment 59. Dictation Exercise — Business Letter 423 Jefferson Street Pittsburgh, Pa. Feb. I, 1919 Washington Book Company 220 Washington Square, New York, N. Y. Gentlemen : Inclosed please find a check for one dollar forty-four cents ($1.44), for which please send me two copies of Dickens's " Child's History of England." Yours truly, Lillian Smith 60 61 62 63 ty phoid tu ber cu lo sis min is ter lit er a ture pneu mo ni a in flam ma tion f ea ture lab ra to ry diph the ri a} af fee tion a pol gy jew el ry rheumatism anatomy irritate guarantee 64. Dictation Exercise Do to-day's duty; fight to-day's temptation; and do not weaken and distract yourself by looking forward to things which you cannot see. — Kings] ey. ^ Pronunciation on page 194. 160 EIGHTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 161 65 66 67 68 cou ra geous an a lyze trifle sta tis tics mis eel la ne ous proph e sy ^ pres sure san i ta ry hid e ous sher iff coun sel re cep tion treach er ous at tend ant u nique ^ mil li ner 69. Words to be Distinguished council A war council was held at Washington, counsel My father gave me good counsel. My counsel advises me to bring suit. 70. Review lessons 55-68, giving special attention to the troublesome words. 71 72 73 74 coun ter f eit in ves ti gate av er age ap par el for f eit re due tion du ra ble or na men tal des ti na tion con sti tu tion bach e lor in stinct ap pli ca tion in sti tu tion an arch ist col lee tion 75. Dictation Exercise In order that a government may be durable, it must contain a principle that is true, that is divine, that is best adapted to the welfare of the many. Without this the constitution is a dead letter. It is nothing more than a collection of laws. — Alphonse de Lamartine. 76 77 78 79 sensitive suggestion 2 cylinder collision u ni ver si ty ven ti la tion car bu ret or con vert tes ti mo ny def i ni tion crys tal im pul sive sac ri fice par ti tion phys i cal trans par ent I Verb only. ^ Pronunciation on page 195. 162 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 80. Dictation Exercise The tumult and the shouting dies ; The captains and the kings depart ; Still stands thine ancient sacrifice, An humble and a contrite heart. Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet. Lest we forget — lest we forget ! — Kipling. Review (Lessons 55-79) See Note to Teacher, page 83. equivalent tuberculosis trifle apparel allies inflammation pressure ornamental confederate affection counsel instinct ammunition anatomy unique collection analysis minister statistics sensitive paralysis feature sanitary university afford apology reception testimony chronic irritate milliner sacrifice essential literature counterfeit suggestion apparatus laboratory forfeit ventilation hereafter jewelry destination definition amusement guarantee application partition millionaire courageous investigate cylinder neighborhood miscellaneous reduction carburetor fatigue hideous constitution crystal nourishment treacherous institution physical typhoid analyze average collision pneumonia prophesy durable convert diphtheria sheriff bachelor impulsive rheumatism attendant anarchist transparent EIGHTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 163 81 82 83 84 con cise pneu mat ic quaint rev lu tion a ry pre cise at mos phere rid i cule per pen die u lar ir reg u lar ob ser va tion com i cal tech ni cal sov er eign ex pe di tion ras cal sub Stan tial 85. Dictation Exercise — Letter of Application 240 Johnson Street Salem, Oregon Aug. I, 191 7 The Liberty Trust Company- Second Avenue Seattle, Washington Gentlemen : I have just learned through a friend in Seattle that you are looking for a girl to assist in the Savings Department, and I should like to be considered as an applicant for the position. I was graduated in June from the High School of Salem, and can refer you to the Principal, Mr. Henry S. Jones, for my general standing during the four years I spent there. Miss Grace Thompson, teacher of mathematics and elementary bookkeeping, has kindly promised to write fully in regard to my work in her department. If you wish to see me personally, I shall be glad to call at the bank at any time convenient to you. Yours very truly Alice E. Pierce 86 87 88 89 con f er ence alien syn di cate div i dend con sen sus f u gi tive com mer cial pros pect rem e dy cor rupt suf fi cient sym pa thy en ter prise gar ri son pro fane ten ant 164 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING 90 91 92 93 ac knowl edge ob sti nate de test SOU ve nir^ ap pre ci ate ex trav a gant dis play em pha sis rem nant devil per form sur vey pen nant ther mom e ter re viv al pur suit 94. Dictation Exercise We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. — Declaration of Independence. 96 f es ti val bound a ry at ti tude ar riv al 96 germ in flu en za asth ma ^ neu ral gi a 97 des per ate aux il ia ry move ment ap pe tite 98 com plex ion com mis sion em bar rass proph e cy 99. Words to be Distinguished prophesy What kind of weather does he prophesy for to-morrow ? prophecy I do not know whether to believe his prophecies. 100 101 102 103 feast pat ent ex traor di na ry ^ valor in dulge vi lent in con ven ience en deav or se ries ^ bu mor ous dis tin guisb pu ri ty strat e gy u ni form cir cum stanc es sin cer i ty ' Pronunciation on page 195. 2 Pronunciation on page 194. EIGHTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 165 104. Our Flag "White is for purity, red for valor, blue for justice; and all together — bunting, stripes, stars, and colors, blazing in the sky — make the flag of our country, to be cherished by all our hearts, to be upheld by all our hands." — Charles Sumner. Review (Lessons 81-103) concise alien detest complexion precise fugitive display commission irregular corrupt perform , embarrass sovereign garrison revival prophecy pneumatic syndicate souvenir feast atmosphere commercial emphasis indulge observation sufficient survey series expedition profane pursuit strategy quaint dividend festival patent ridicule prospect boundary violent comical sympathy attitude humorous rascal tenant arrival uniform revolutionary acknowledge germ extraordinary perpendicular appreciate influenza inconvenience technical remnant asthma distinguish substantial pennant neuralgia circumstances conference obstinate desperate valor consensus extravagant auxiliary endeavor remedy- devil movement purity enterprise thermometer appetite sincerity Foi a pronouncing list of all words taught in the Eighth Grade, Second Half Year, see pages 194-195. 166 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING Supplementary Words (Eighth Grade, Second Half) See pages iii, iv, and 167-171. psalm ^ phys i ol o gy site proph et hymn psy chol gy lease dis ci pie bur i al prev a lence award con scious de ceased ^ di ag no sis as ses sor cat e chism corpse pre scribe plea vague corps 3 qui nine ^ ju di cial vil lain ^^ cor po ral chlo ro form al lege gam ble cor po ra tion es sence im pris on car tridge acid glyc er in es say mas sa ere bleach re frig er a tor quo ta tion bev er age ex ter nal as par a gus sar cas tic gui tar eel lu loid trans plant car toon gay e ty tel e scope drought cam er a bru nette mi cro scope con ser va tion a pol gize fas ci nate syr inge ab bre vi a tion pres tige ^ pam phlet ab scess in au gu ra tion ma neu ver for mu la ma la ri a per form ance ex ert al ma nac chol er a com mence ment wres tie e clipse ap plex y ' par lia ment ^ wrench phase bron chi tis ^ in i ti ate wring e qua tor ton sil li tis ^ in i ti a tive fau cet ra di us ap pen di ci tis ^ ref er en dum i ci cle spi ral Homonyms sight The river is in plain sight from here. site He selected a beautiful site for his house. ring The church bell is ringing. wring Why are the people wringing their hands ? Pronunciations : •(S-pSn-dT-si'tTs) i(8am) »(de-8e8tO J (kor) MbrSij-kl'tYs) ^ (tSn-sI-li'tIs) '(kwi'niu) « (pSr'lI-mgnt) » (prgs-tezh') lo(vntu) SEVENTH AND EIGHTH GRADES 167 Household Words (Supplementing the household words on pages 2-166; see Preface, page iv.) ve ran da broil pro te id pum ice lat tice braised glu ten bo rax stair way sir loin car bo hy drate al ka li bal us ter ten der loin sol u ble am mo ni a chan de Her ^ pars ley crys tal lize cal ci mine pan try can ta loupe ox i dize an i line bed room a pri cots ster i lize fab ric bath room tap i ca Pas teur ize ere tonne mat tress mar ma lade vac u um sat in chif fo nier ^ gran u lat ed fer men ta tion sa teen gimp gel a tin con va les cent cam brie thim ble va nil la dis in feet ant cal i CO trea die cin na mon fu mi gate den im cut ler y cloves do mes tic per cale u ten sils men u ^ budg et dim i ty skil let pto ma ine ^ in vest ment blouse grid die gar bage ex pend i ture un der wear col an der ba cil li sun dries che mise sieve Sep tic in ci den tals baste yeast an ti sep tic def i cit ruch ing ^ dough poul tice in ven to ry seal lops yolk e met ic as sets bi as muf fins nau se a ^ H a bil i ties eye let gruel di e tet ics clean li ness cro chet cur die cal rie cleans er skein Prontmdations: 1 (shSn-d^-ler') 2 (ahYf-o-ner') ^ (mSn'u) » (n8'8hS-d) « (roosh'tng) (to'mt-Tn) 168 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING Urban Words (Supplementing the urban words I on pages 2-166; see Preface, page iv.) a la carte ^ re al ty as phalt ^ bank rupt cy table d'hote 2 tres tie curb com mod i ty caf e te ri a stee pie front age ap pro pri a tion del i ca tes sen ca the dral or di nance de pre ci a tion lobby tour ist al der man lit i ga tion reg is ter tax i cab pre cinct ac count ant por ter li mou sine ^ in spec tor ex pend i ture tran sient jit ney as sem bly in ci den tals sa loon om ni bus fed er a tion in vest ment slums sub way ju di ci a ry es tab lish ment char i ty mo tor man ver diet mer chan disc clinic trans it par ti san mer can tile ^ san a to ri um L traf fie in ven to ry ware house di rec to ry in ter ur ban as sets met ro pol i tan bul le tin vi a duct li a bil i ties head quar ters shop ping lo CO mo tive bro ker age dis trib u tor flo rist 3 f er ry col lat er al com pet i tor jew el er nav i ga tion cou pon ex port er phar ma cy mar i ner se cu ri ty im port er bal CO ny dock mo nop ly job ber usher wharf fran chise pe ri od i cal vaude ville * sewer cur ren cy ste nog ra phy a part ment alley de pos it lin type ten e ment hy drant def i cit fra ter ni ty fire proof bou le vard in sol vent spec ta cle Pronunciations: i(ilftk-artO « (ti'bl' dBt') » (flyrfst) < (vod'vTl) » (le-moo-zenO < (Ss'fSlt) ^ (mfirnsSn-tri) SEVENTH AND EIGHTH GRADES 169 Rural Words (Supplementing the rural words on pages 2-166; see Preface, page iv.) ag ri cul tur al reap er scythe squash bul le tin mow er au ger pump kin ^ chem i cal thrash er cross cut rhu barb pest shell er crow bar cau li flow er blight test er vise cu cum ber scale strain er pli ers vines worms spray er trow el grape vine spray scrap er spade vine yard e mul sion roll er trough cit rous form al de hyde bug gy sed i ment grove Bor deaux ^ sur rey tack le plum phos phate sulky sock et rose bush es ni trate shafts lad der eu ca lyp tus phos phor us sin gle tree cal dron cac tus lime dou ble tree ladle ban tam plas ter whif fle tree al f al fa leg horn lye hal ter clo ver Plymouth rock pot ash hames tim thy roost er wheel bar row plow fod der coop a er a tor plow share for age Per che ron sep a ra tor fur row en si lage curry trac tor har row si lo hoof cul ti va tor disk buck wheat ox en in cu ba tor grind stone mil let heif er brood er whet stone melon ra tions Pronunciations: » (.b8r-d50 « (pfimp'kTn) 170 ESSENTIALS OF SPELLING Rural Words {Continued) Stan chion ^ gran a ry ^ go phers tract man ger crate home stead patch Ayr shire * car ton grange ma nure Jer sey cheese cloth grow er f er ti Uz er Guern sey ' cul ti vate ver alls de com pose Hoi stein * ir ri gate win now in feet ed milch prun ing wind row loam test hew shock grav el cream er y graft stack mois ture can ner y sprout hoist rain fall Industrial Words (Supplementing the industrial word s on pages 2-166; see Preface, page iv.) am pere ^ a cet y lene trow el cut ler y volt age cal ci um scoop adz mag net graph ite an vil au ger mag net ic as bes tos bel lows gim let 8 mag ne to bronze forge gouge dy na mo em er y tongs pul ley gen er a tor a mal gam pli ers belt ing trans form er sol der ^ vise gear in can des cent pig ment crow bar lathe phys ics lime stone lever valve chem is try plas ter sledge mech a nism chem i cal mor tar mal let ve hi cle phos phor us ma son ry whet stone lo CO mo tive Pronunciations: 1 (stSn'shSn) 2 (fir'sher) ' (gflrn'zt) • (gr5n'a-rT) « (Sm-pfirO ^ (tSd'er) » (gtmlgt) (hol'stin) SEVENTH AND EIGHTH GRADES 171 Industrial Words {Continued) pis ton em ploy ee e CO nom ic lig nite throt tie ma chin ist re sourc es pe tro le um noz zle steam fit ter in dus tri al smelt er va por ize wheel wright ef fi cien cy cru ci ble fend er ac count ing u til i ty cast ings ful crum ^ au dit ing ve loc i ty re tort piv ot en gi neer ing ca pac i ty tem per ing groove man age ment per cap i ta shel lac mor tise em ploy ment bo nus siz ing tur ret vo ca tion trans it coop er age dredge oc cu pa tion tun nel calk ing si phon in spec tion scaf fold riv et ing con dens er pro mo tion safe ty cord age me ter pro por tion proj ect prism in ven tor ag gre gate sched ule sphere ar chi tect ^ com pe ti tion shift sten cil man ag er com pu ta tion frag ile mul ti plex sales man CO or di na tion tex tile cor ru gat ed fore man lin e ar fab ric au to mat ic crafts man di men sion shod dy hy drau lie ar ti san per im e ter ver alls buoy ant ^ crew di ag nal mer chan dise man u al ap pren tice sci en tif ic an thra cite sea son al ap pli cant pre ci sion bi tu mi nous struc tur al Pronunciations: i (ful'krwm) J (ar'kl-tgkt) « (boi'Snt) REVIEW LISTS For reference only ; see page xi. Words Taught in the Second Grade, First Half Year after cold glad lost road all come glass made room apple cow God may round away cup gold milk same back dark gone more sand bag deep good mother saw ball did gun mouth says* bear dig had must sing bed doll hand new snow best dress has night some* big dry his nut this bird eat hold old three blue* eyes house one told book face into open took box faU king our try bring father large play two* brother feet last poor want caU fill let queen water came fish like read way cap from little red went car game lives ^ right with class girl look ring your clean give * Words mariced with an asterisk on this page and the following pages are the so-called Demons mentioned in the Preface, page v. i Verb 172 SECOND GRADE 173 Words Taught in the Second Grade , Second Half Year about flag jump paper sun arm floor keep pig take ask fly late push teU baby foot lay put ten bad for led rain that began found left ride them begin four leg said* then burns fun long say there* catch get love seven they* cut goes make show time day going making* shut to-day dear* hard men sick tree dish hat mine sister walk does* have miss sit was door having* most six wash down head much* so well ears help name soft wet eight here* never song^ white feed hit> nine stand why fell home noon stay will find hot not step wind fire how now stood window first if out stop yard five its over street yes 174 REFERENCE LISTS Words Taught in the Third Grade, First Half Year above clear food once* soon across coal forget only speak act coat free other start again* ^ coming* Friday part summer air cook front party Sunday alone com full please table along cost garden quart think another cough* grade quick those any* dance grass race Thursday aunt date gray read* ^ top bare dead green sale trip basket desk happy Saturday Tuesday* 3 because died heard* school turkey before dirt high second uncle beg dollar hill sell use behind drink hole send wall board drop hope sent warm both early* ice shoes* Wednesday** bought east kind short were built* easy* lady sight west butter fair lesson . skate what buy* farm letter sky when can't* feel low sleep which* card felt market small win chair few meat smile winter change finish Monday smoke write* child flower moon soap yesterday church * Note on pagi 5 172. Pronunciations (key on page 176): ^ (d-gSn') THIRD GRADE 17 Words Taught in the Third Grade, Second Half Year ago done* hurt oak spend almost dozen inside often* spring always* each just* outside star anything egg kill own still anyway empty knee page stone around evening know* paid store ate ever laid* pail struck autumn every* lead 2 pass study band fail leave pen sweet been* fare Hght pencil swim beside fight line place talk better fine loud pound teacher black flour mail rang thank block fond many* rest these boat fruit matter roses through* body good-by meet seat to-night* brave great might seed under bread grew mile seen very* broke ground mix sew war care hair money shall week* cent half* morning sheep where* children halves myself ship while city hear* nail shop who close herself near side wish clothes 1 himself next son wool cover horse north south writing* cream hour* note spell year 1 Pronounced (klofehz). * Verb, pronounced (led). yet 176 REFERENCE LISTS USE OF THE DICTIONARY (To be studied with the help of the teacher.) The dictionary is a book to which you should refer when you wish to know the spelHng, pronunciation, or meaning of a word. You must know the letters of the alphabet in their proper order before you can use the dictionary. It is somewhat difficult to learn how to pronounce a word accurately. Although there are only twenty-six letters in the alphabet, they represent more than forty dif- ferent sounds. The following table shows how these sounds are indicated in the pronunciations in Webster's New International Dictionary and the various school dic- tionaries that use the same system. a in mate a in climate e in over f in fat 6 in lord 6 in not u in use, tune u in unite & in care a in mat g in get, beg h in hat in connect 6 in soft ft in burn u in up a in final 1 in pine oi in oil « in circus a in ah, far i in pin oo in boot V in vote a in ask a in sofa b in baby ch in chair j in joke k in kick 1 in lip m in man 6b in foot ou in house p in pet r in red . w in want y in yard z in buzz zh for sound of z in d in day du in verdure n in no ng in long s in so, this sh in shut azure ' for a mere vocal e in me ^ in enough e in met e in novel I) in bank (like ng) 6 in bone t in obey t in ten th in thin fh in that ^ in nature murmur, or the elision of a vowel, as in the word eaten (et"n) The diacritical marks are named as follows : " long, "*■ modified long, ^ circumflex, " short, ~ tilde ; a is called Italian a ; a is medial a, the sound halfway between a and a; 8 is medial o, the sound halfway between 6 and 6. In the pronunciations g is always " hard " as in get, beg (excepting ng); s is always "sharp" as in so, this (except- ing sh). Thus (hens) represents the pronunciation of hence, — not of hens, which is pronounced (henz). FOURTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 177 Words Taught in the Fourth Grade, First Half Year ahead cheap fought linen November (d-hSdO (chep) (fSt) (ITn'gu) (nt-vSmnat) aim chicken fourth load ocean (am) (chTk'gu) (£5rth) (lod) (5'8han) ankle coffee freeze lose* October (Sij'k'l) (kSfl) (frez) (looz) (5k-ton)er) answer* copy fresh March off (in'ser) (k5p^) (frgsh) (march) (5f) April (k'prTl) could* friend* mark oil (kd8d) (frgnd) (mark) (oil) August cross hang May orange (d'gfist) (kr58) (hSug) (raa) (Sr'gnj) bath deaf heavy meant* order (b4th) (dgf) (hgvl) (mgnt) (8r'dSr) beautiful December hide mend ought (bu'tT-fd61) (d*-8Sm'bSr) (hid) (mgnd) (8t) beginning* draw hollow middle pay (bft-glnlng) (dr8) (h51'5) (mTd"l) (i^) blew dust horn mistake picture (bloo) (dQ.t) (h8m) (mYs-takO (pYk'tSr) bhnd edge hungry month plain (blind) (8j) (hQii'grI) (miinth) (Pl5n) blow either January navy point (bio) (e'«iSr) (jSn'fi-t-rT) (na'vT) (point) branch else July neck pole (brinch) (gl8) (joo-lIO (ngk) (p51) break* expect June need post (brak) (gks-pgktO (J5on) (ned) (post) breath farther kitchen neither pour (brJth) (far'ther) (kTch'Sn) (ne'thSr) (por) brick February* knot newspaper price (brtk) (fg^roo-t-rl) (n5t) (nuz'pa-pSr) (pris) bright fence lazy nickel queer (brit) (fgna) (la'zY) (uYk"l) (kwer) brought figure leaf nose question (br8t) (flg'fir) (15f) (n5z) (kwgs'chSn) cabbage fingers Hfe nothing railroad (kSb^j) (fTij'gerz) (iif) (nathlng) (ral'rod) ♦ Words marked with an asterisk on this page and the following pages are the so-called Demons mentioned on page v. 178 REFERENCE LISTS ready* silver strong tired* wheel (rgd'T) (sYl'ver) (8tr5ng) (tird) (hwa) ribbon single such too* won (4-Tb'«n) (sTii'g'l) (sQch) (too) (wfin) roll sixth sugar* track wood (rol) (siksth) (shdSg'er) (trSk) (wd6d) roof sKde suit true word (roof) (slid) (sut) (troo) (wfird) salt smooth sweep trunk work (88lt) (smooth) (swep) (trnijk) (wfirk) sea sold their* turn world (86) (sold) (thSr) (tflrn) (wflrld) seems* sour thick until worth (semz) (sour) (tl.Tk) (uii-ttlO (wflrth) September Stick thread used* would* (sgp-tSm'ber) (BtYk) (thrgd) (uzd) (w88d) shake story throw watch wrong (shak) (stS'rl) (thro) (w5ch) (rSng) should stove tight wear* (8hd6d) (stov) (tit) (wfir) Words Taught in the Fourth Grade, Second Half Yee able belong carry crowd feather (a^bU) (bg-l5ng0 (kSrI) (kroud) (fgth'Sr) afraid between caught dinner field (d-fradO (be-twen') (k8t) (dtn'er) (feld) % blanket center doctor* follow (blSrj'kSt) (sgn'tSr) (dSk'ter) (fSl'o) among* blood chain don't* forty* (d-mfing') (blQd) (chan) (dont) (fSr'tt) animal breakfast chase drive gate (Sn'T-mai) (brSk'fdst) (chas) (driv) (gst) army bridge chief earth getting (Sr^mY) (brfj) (chef) (firth) (ggt'Yng) asleep brown club eleven glove (d-8lepO (broun) (klQb) (€-15v"n) (glfiv) avenue busy* company enough* grain (Sv'e-nu) (blzT) (kQm'pd-nl) (e-nQf) (gran) banana button cotton excuse hammer (hd-na'nd) (bQt"n) (k5t"n) (gks-kuz') (hSm'er) beat camp count family happen (bet) (kSmp) (kount) (fSiu'Y-lI) (hSp"n) FOURTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 179 heart mean quarter size train (hart) (men) (kwdr'tSr) (siz) (tran) heat metal quiet skin trick (het) (mSt'fil) (kwl'gt) (skin) (trTk) honest mind rather sorry truly* (Sn'Sst) (mind) (ritfe^r) (sSr'T) (troo/lT) hundred minute* reach SOW twelve (lifin'dr^d) (mtnlt) (reel.) (80) (twglv) inch Miss remember squirrel unless (Inch) (mis) (rt-mSm'ber) (skwQr'H) (fin-lSsO iron mountain ripe (rip) stairs upper (Qp/er) (i'ftrn) (moun'tln) (stfirz) island move rise storm vegetable (i'laiid) (moov) (riz) (st8rm) (vSj'«-td-b'l) itself Mr. river stranger waist {It-sSW) (mTs'tSr) (rlv/gr) (stran'jSr) (wast) jail Mrs. rough suddenly wait (J51) (mYsTs) (r«f) (8Qd"n-lY) (wat) knew* noise safe supper (s^p/gr) wake (nu) (noiz) (•5f) (wak) knife number sail tail wheat (nif) (nQm'bSr) (ail) (tal) (hwet) knock o'clock save taught whisper (u5k) («-kl5k0 (•5v) (tet) (hwTa'pSr) lake pair shade tea whole* (15k) (Pfir) (shad) (te) (h31) land peach shadow teeth wide (l$nd) (pech) (8h5d'5) (tSth) (wid) laugh pear shape thin wife (raf) (pSr) (shap) (tMn) (wif) learn perfect shine third without (IQrii) (pflr'fSkt) (shin) (thflrd) (wYa»-out') lemon picnic shoot thousand wonder (ISm'fin) (pTk'uTk) (shoot) (thou'zand) (wfinMSr; lies pie shore thumb won't* (llz) (pi) (shor) (thfim) (wont) master plant silk to-morrow wrote* (mis'ter) (plSnt) (silk) (td6-m5r'o) (rSt) match potatoes sir town yellow (mSch) meal (p«-ta'toz) (sflr) (toun) (ySl'o) pretty (mel) (prit/l) * Note on page 17 7- 180 REFERENCE LISTS Words Taught in the Fifth Grade, First Half Year accept central daughter false (Sk-sgpf) (sSn'trai) (dS'ter) (ff«L8) ache* certain deal fierce (5k) (sflr'tln) (dSl) (fers) alarm chance death final (d-larmO (chine) (dgth) (fi'nai) also choose* depend forenoon (81'80) (chooz) (dt-pgnd') (for-noon') amount circle diamond forest (d-mounf) (sfir'k'l) (di'a-mwnd) (f5r'gst) appoint (5-point/) circus dictionary future (sflr'kfis) (dlk'shfin-i-rt) (fu'tSr) arrange clerk dodge gentle (a-ranj') (klflrk) (dSj) (jgn't'l) arrest cHmate double grocery (S-rSsf) (kli'mSt) (dab''i) (gro'ser-I) attack coarse during guard (5-tSkO (kors) (dur'Ing) (gSrd) attend collar duty guess* (a-tSndO (kSl'dr) (du'tl) (gSs) beauty collect earn guest (bu'tt) (kg-lgktO (Qrn) (ggst) became comfort elevator healthy (bS-kam') (kum'fert) (SKS-va-tSr) (hgi'tht) believe* common engine hire (bS-levO (kSm'ftn) (gn'jTn) (hir) bicycle connect enjoy hoarse* (bi'sT-k'l) (kg-ngkf) (gn-joiO (hors) birthday contain entire knit (bflrth'da) (k3n-tan') (gn-tirO (nit) bundle cottage escape labor (bOn'd'l) (k5t'£j) (gs-kapO (la'ber) bushel country* expense (gks-pgnB') loose* (bd68h'«i) (kQn'trT) (1008) capital county explain (gks-planO loss (kSp^-tai) (koun'tl) (18») careful couple fact lying (kfir'f661) (kap"i) (fSkt) (liing) case dangerous factory marry (kas) (dan'jer-iis) (fSk'tft-rt) (mar^) FIFTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 181 maybe prison sign total (ma'bS) (prtz"n) (sin) (to^l) motor promise since* touch (mo'ter) (pr8ml8) (8ln8) (tiSch) music proper (prSp'er) soldier towel (mu'zik) (8ol'jer) (tou'^l) narrow prove spare trade (nSr'o) (proov) (spfir) (trad) natural purpose special treat (nSt>rai) (pflr'pfis) (8pg8h'ai) (tret) obey quite square r8kwfir) trouble* (*-baO (kwit) (trtib"l) office raise* stamp truth (5ft8) (raz) (stSmp) (tr65th) package recent starve understand (pSk'Sj) (re'sgnt) (8tarv) (Qn-dSr-8t5ndO pain refer state vacation (p5n) (r«.fflr') (Btat) (vS-ca'»hfin) parents refuse station valley (pfir'gnts) (r*-fuz') (Bta'Rhftn) (vSW) past regard steady (8t8dt) vessel (p48t) (regard') (v58'21) people (PS'P'I) remark steal visit (rt-markO (8tel) (vlzlt) person rescue steam voice (pflr'afin) (r58'ku) (stem) (vois) piano return steel whom (pT-5u'5) (r*-tflniO (stel) (hoom) piece* rule stomach whose (pes) (rool) (stQm'ftk) (hooz) police select supply within (pS-lesO (s^-lgktO (8fi-pU0 (wIth-InO position sense themselves wreck (p*-zT8h'iin) (sgns) (th5m-851vz0 (rgk) present serve ticket young (prSz'gnt) (sarv) (tIk'St) (yfing) ♦Note on page 177. 182 REFERENCE LISTS Words Taught in the Fifth Grade, Second Half Year •address course fifth listen (S-drgs') (kors) (fifth) (lYs^'n) against deliver forth lonesome (d-ggnstO (dt-lYv'er) (forth) (lon'sfim) agreeable describe forward manufacture (d-grS'd-b'l) (de-skrib') (fSr'wSrd) (m5n-fi-f5k'^r) already desert furniture measure (81-rgd'I) (dgz'ert) (f(ir'nt-t5r) (mgzh'ur) although direction further member (61-tho') (dT-rgk'shfin) (fQi'thSr) (mgm'ber) angry discover general mention (Sq'grY) (dla-kav'Sr) (jgn'er-al) (mgn'shfin) appear dream heavens mischief (drem) (hgv''uz) (mts'chlf) attempt drown height national (d-tgmptO (droun) (hit) {nSshfun-diy attract effort husband naughty (a-trSkf) (gf'Srt) (hfizniand) (nS'tl) biscuit eighth idea none* (bis'krt) (atth) (i-de'd) (nQn) breast everything idle notice (brgst) (gv'er-T-thTng) (i'd'i) (no'tia) breathe examine injury offer (breth) (gg-zSmln) (rn'jd6-rT) (Sfer) bruise except instead* orchard (brooz) (gk-sgptO (Tn-stgdO (8r'cherd) cause exercise interest parade (k8z) (gk'ser-nz) (Tn'ter-gst) (pd-radO climb explore (gks-plorO invitation passenger (kllm) (Tn-vT-ta'shfin) (pSs'^n-jSr) color* failure jealous patient (kfil'er) (fal'fir) (jgl'fis) (pa'sh^nt) column famous kindness pavement (kSl'fim) (fa'mfis) (kiud'ngs) (pav'mgnt) compare favor least peace (k»m-pSr') (fa'ver) (lest) (P58) complain fear length perhaps (k»m-planO (fer) (ISngth) (pSr-hSpa') control fellow level ^ pity (WJn-tr510 (fgl'5) (ISWgl) (piti) FIFTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 183 pleasant repeat struggle union (plgz'ant) (rS-pef) (8trQg"l) (un'yiin) pleasure reply suppose useful (plgzh'ur) (rt-pliO (sa-pozO (us'fd61) pocket report sure* usual (p5k'St) (re-portO (shoor) (u'zhii-ai) possible result surprise usually (pSs'I-b'l) (re-zQlf) (sSr-prizO (u'2htS-ai-T) power review swift vote (pou'er) (r*-yu') (swift) (vot) praise scarce taste voyage (praz) (BkfirB^ (tast) (voi'ij.) prepare (prI-pfirO score tear* wagon (skor) (tSr) (wSg'fin) press search though* waste (prgs) (sflrch) (tiio) (wast) profit secret thought weak (pr5f1t) (seHirgt) (thSt) (wek) prompt sentence thrift weather (prSmpt) (s^nt^na) (thrtft) (wgth'er) public settle throat weigh (pQl/lYk) (B8t"l) (thrSt) (w») punish shoulder thunder welcome (pQnTsh) (shol'dSr) (than'der) (wglOtfim) quit sincerely together woman (kwTt) (sTn-serMT) (tdS-ggth'Sr) (waSm'Sn) really sleeve tongue women* (r5'ai-I) (8lev) (tQng) (wYm'Sn) reason sometimes toward wonderful (re'z'n) (sQm'tlmz) (to'erd) (wiin'der-fdfil) receive straight* traveler worse (rS-sevO (strat) (trJXv'gl-5r) (wflrs) region strength umpire wound (re'jiin) (strgngth) (Qm'plr) (woond) remain Stretch unable written {rt-man') (strgch) (Qn-a'b'l) (rTt"n) ♦Note on page 177. 184 REFERENCE LISTS Words Taught in the Sixth Grade, First Half Year absence carriage cousin experience (Sb's^ns) (kSrlj) (kaz"n) (eks-pe'rY-gna) absent catalogue currant extremely (Sb'sgnt) (kat'd-i5g) (kSr'ant) (eks-treinai) account celebration current falsehood (a-kount/) (sSl-e-bra'shfin) (kQr'^nt) (f81«'hd8d) accurate check daily famihar (5k'u-rat) (chSk) (da'lT) (fd-mTl'ydr) adopt chocolate damage fashion (d-dSpf) (ch5k'$-lSt) (dSm'&j) (fSsh'tin) agriculture chorus dawn female (Sg'rT-kQl-tSr) (ko'rfis) (dSn) (fe'mal) alcohol circular deceive firm (SKk6-h51) (sflr'kfi-ldr) (dS-sev') (mrm) allow citizen decide folks (a-iouo (sTft-z^n) (d§-8ldO (foks) angel command decision foreign (an'jgl) (k3-m4ndO (dg-sTzh'fin) (fSr^n) arrive companion deny funeral (a-rlv') (keJm-pSn'yun) (dS-ni') (fu'ner-ai) assure complaint dew furnace (a-8hoor') (kgm-plantO (du) (fflr'nSs) attention complete dismiss gentleman (a-t5n'8h«n) (kgm-pletO (dts-mTsO (jSn't'l-man) awkward concern distance government (8k'wSrd) (k8n-8flm') (dTs'tan8) (gQv'ern-mgnt) baggage condition due governor (bSg'ij) (k»n-dT8h'«n) (du) (gfiv'Sr-ner) benefit conduct earnest guide (bSn'g-ftt) (kSn'dfikt) (ftr'ngst) (gw) bouquet consent easily gymnasium (boo-ka') (keJn-sSntO (ez'I-lT) (jTm-na'zT-Sm) burglar consider education handkerchief (bfir'gler) (k»n-8ld'er) (S4Ji-ka'8hfin) (hSi)'kSr-cMf) business* continue electric honor (blz'ngs) (k3n-tTn'u) (e-lgk'trik) (Sn'er) cabin convention enemy imagine (kSbTn) (k3n-vSn'8hfin) (5u'*-mT) (I-m5j'In) captain cordially excellent immediately (kSp'ttn) (k8r'jai-T) (5k'8?-lgnt) (t-me'dT-at-lI) SIXTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 185 independent (In-d^p5n'dgnt) medal private statement (mgd'fil) (pri'vit) (stat'mgnt) information message probably subject (In-fSr-ma'shfin) (mga'Sj) (pr5b'd-bll) (sSb'jgkt) introduce neighbor purse succeed (Tn-trft-du»') (na'ber) (pQrs) (sfik-sed') jewel nephew quarrel success (ju'«) (ngf'u) (kwSr/gl) (sfik-sSsO judge niece receipt theater m (nes) (r«-8etO (the'd-ter) judgment noble republic therefore (jQj'mgnt) (no'b-l) (rt-pfib'lTk) (aifir'for) knowledge oblige restaurant thorough (nSl'Sj) (*-biijo (rSs'tft-rant) (thSr'S) language offend retire treasurer (ISij'gwSj) (5-fSndO (rt-tir') (tr6zh'ur-Sr) lawver opposite (8p'S-zIt) salary trust (18'ySr) (sSl'd-rl) (trfist) luncheon partner satisfactory truthful (IQu'chfin) (part'nSr) (sSt-Ts-fSk'tft-rl) (tro6th'fd61) machine patience secretary tying (md-shen') (pa'Bh^ns) (8gk'r8-tt-rT) (tiTng) madam peculiar seize typewriter (mSd'ftm) (p*-kul'ydr) (sez) (tip'rit-Sr) maid permission serious unite (mad) (per-mTsh'fin) (se'rl-fis) (fi-nltO majority persuade service uphold tfip-h51d0 (md-j5r1-tT) (pSr-swadO (sfir'vYs) male political several valuable (ma) (p6-lTt'T-kai) (86v'Sr-ai) (vai'fi-d-b'i) manage preparation (pr5p-d-ra'8h«n) severe village (mSn'Jj) (sS-verO (vIl'Sj) manner president signature volume (mSn'Sr) (prgzT-d^nt) (sTg'nd-tyr) (v51'6m) marriage principal sober worry (mSrIj) (prln'sT-pfil) (ao'bSr) (wflrl) 186 REFERENCE LISTS Words Taught in the Sixth Grade, Second Half Year accident crazy disgrace garage (Sk'at-dgnt) (kra'zT) (dYs-gras') (g4-razh0 advertisement curious disgust gasohne (Sd-vfir'tYz-mgnt) (ku'rT-i28) (dYs-gustO (g5s'4-len) advice curve disobey graduate ($d-viB') (kfirv) (dYs-i-baO (gr5dlfi-at) advise dairying doubt grammar* (Sd-vIzO (da'rY-Tng) (dout) (grSm'er) approach decorate dye grease (a-prochO (dSk'6-rat) (di) (gres) article deed effect guilty (ar'tr-k'l) (ded) (g-fgkf) (gYm) automobile defeat election hospital (6-tS-mo'bn) (dS-fef) (Mgk'Bhfin) (hSs'pY-tai) barrel defend enter immense (bSr'gl) (dg-fgndO (Sn'tSr) (Y-mgns') brief delighted equal (e'kwfil) important (bref) (d*-Ut'gd) (Ym-p8raant) cancel (kSn's^l) department (de-part'mgnt) especially (§8-pg8h'ai-Y) improvem( (Ym-proov'mfi cashier descend examination inquire (kSsh-erO (dt-8gnd0 (gg-zSm-Y-na'ahfin) (Yn-kwirO century description (d^skrTp'shfin) excite invention (sgn't^-rY) (gk-8ltO (Yn-vgn'shfitt) cereals desire express jacket (BWrt-aiz) (d^zirO (gks-prgBO (jSk'gt) channel destroy film journal (chSn'a) (d«-stroi') (fYlm) (jfir/nai) civil difference finally joumev (bTvII) (dlfSr-gns) (fi'nai-Y) (jflr'nl)' comfortable different force leather (kQm'fer-to-b'l) (dYfer-^nt) (fOFB) (ISfe/er) commence disappear fortunate lecture (kg-mgns') (dYs-a-perO (f6r't^-nftt) (Igk'tSr) confess disappoint freight liberty (k3n-fg80 (dYs-S-pointO (frat) (lYb^r-tY) conquer discourage frightened library (k5i)'ker) (dYs-kfir'ij) (frif'nd) (li'bri-rY) crawl disease fully liquor (krSl) (dY-zezO (fd61'Y) (lYk^er) SIXTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 187 loyal (loi'Sl) percentage (per-8gn'tij) regular (rgg'fi-ldr) system (sTs'tgm) mayor (mS'er) period (pe'rT-3d) respectfully (rl-8pekt'f661-T) tailor (ta'ler) , medicine (mgdt-sTn) permit (per-mTtO route (root) telegram (tgl'e-grSm) memory (mgm'ft-rl) plan (Pl5n) royal (roi'Sl) telegraph (tgl'S-grft) mineral (mTii'er-ai) possession (p^-zgsh'wn) season (se'z'n) telephone (tgl'e-fon) motion (mo'shfiu) practice (prSk'tYs) separate* (Bgp'd-rftt) temperature (tgm'per-d-tyr). museum (mfi-ze'fim) ^^Z shield (Bheld) temptation (tgmp-ta'8hun), musician (mfi-iTsh'Sn) precious (prg8h'&8) similar (slmT-ldr) term (tflrin) necessary (ngs'^-sa-rl) prefer (prg-fflr') society (80-8l't-tT) terrible (tgrl-b'I) neglect (ngg-15kt0 previous (pre'vT-fis) sorrow (85r'o) thus (thQs) object (»b-jgkt')i print (print) speech (spech) tobacco (tS-bSk'o) omit (S-mltO product (prM'fikt) spoil (spoil) umbrella (ttm-brgl'd) opinion (8-pTn'ySn) professor (prft-fgfl'er) spread (8prgd) unfortunate (an-f8r't5-nat) ors^anize (8r'gan-iz) program (prS'grSm) Steamer (stem'er) view (vu) palace (pHts) puncture (pai)k'^r) stupid (stu'pid) visitor (vtzt-tSr) pardon (par'dSn) rapid (rSp^d) suggest (8fig-jg8tO wealth (wglth) particular (par-tTk'ti-ldr) rate (rat) support (8a-port0 whether* (hwgth'er) penmanship (pgn'raSn-shTp) referring (r*-fflrtng) surround (sii-round') whistle (hwl8"l) * 1 Verb; the noun is pronounced (Sl/jSkt). ♦Note on page 177. 188 REFERENCE LISTS Words Taught in the Seventh Grade, First Half Year absurd cease debtor exceed (Sb-sflrd') (sea) (dgt'er) (gk-sed') acquire chauffeur declare excusable (a-kwIrO (Bho-ffirO (de-klSr') (gkfl-kuz'd-b'l) advantage (ad-vin'taj) chemist dehcious expel (kSmnrst) (dS-lTsh'Ss) (gks-pgl') advertise claim depth feeble (5d'v5r-tlz) (klain) (dgpth) (fe^b'l) affect college desirable feminine (a-fgkf) (kSl'Sj) (de-zir'd-b-l) (fgm'Y-nYn) agreement (o-gre'm^nt) colonel despise flight (kfir'ngl) (d§-splz') (flit) amateur colony diameter formally (Sm-d-tfir') (k5Ko-nY) (di-ain'S-ter) (fSi-'mai-Y) angle committee discussion formerly (Sq'g'l) (k^-mYfe) (dta-kQsh'ftn) (f8r'mer-lY) anxious compel dissatisfied frequent (Sqk'shfis) (k(Jm-pSl') (dTs-sStls-fid) (fre'k\v?nt) appeal (i^-pelO compHment distribute fuel (kSm'plT-mgnt) (dls-trYb'fit) (fu'gl) area conceal district fulfill (jS^it-d) (kan-sel') (dYs'trlkt) (fd&i-fiio assist .conceit dread generally (a-sYsto (kgn-setO (drgd) (jgn'er-ai-Y) athletics connection eager generous (5th-18tmcs) (k5-iigk'8lmii) (5'gSr) (jgn'er-as) barely consideration economy gracious (bfir'lY) (kgn-sTd-er-a'8h«n) (*-k5n'6-mY) (gra'shSs) bargain contagious employ gymnastics (bar'gSn) (k»n-ta'j«8) (gm-ploiO (jYm-nSs'tYks) berth courage endure handsome (bflrth) (kfir^j) (gn-dur') (hSn'sfim) besiege courteous engage hence (bS-8eJ0 (kflr'te-fis) (gn-gaJO (hgns) blunder courtesy entertain hygiene (blQn'dSr) (kflr'tg-sY) (gn-ter-tan') (hi'jT-en) capable creditor entitle illustrate (ka'pd-b'l) (krgd'Y-ter) (gn-ti't'l) (Y-lQs'trat) career custom event increase (bd-rer') (kfis'tfim) (e-vgntO (Yn-kresO i SEVENTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 189 indeed modern provide session (Tn-ded') (mSd'em) (prS-vidO (sgsh'ttn) injure mortgage punctual shrewd (in'jdbr) (mSr'gij) (pQqk'ty-ai) (shrood) inner naturally pursue silence (Tu'er) (n5t/u-rai-I) (p«r-8u0 (si'l^na) innocent occasion rank statue (Tn'S-8«nt) (g-ka'zh«n) (rSi)k) {st&m installment occupy (5k'fi-pl) recommend suffer (Tn-stSl'mftat) (r5k-«-ragndO (Bufer) insurance occur recover suspicious (tn-shoor'ftns) (3-kfir') (ri-kav'er) (8«8-pT8h'fi8) interrupt occurrence reel tact (Tn-te-rQptO (3-kflr'«n8) (rel) (tSkt) janitor omission regret touring (jSunr-tSr) (6-mT8h'fin) (rt-grgtO (toor'Tng) justice oppose (8-poz/) reliable treason (jlis'tTs) (rt-li'd-b'l) (tre'z'n) kerosene parallel relief treasure (kSr'S-sen) (pSr'S-lgl) (r^-lef) (trgzh'fir) league parcel represent twiUght (15g) (par'8«l) (rgp-re-zgntO (twi'llt) ledge personal representative tyrant (ISj) (pQr'8fin-ai) (rgp-re-zgu'td-tYv) (tl'rant) leisure pierce request vacant (le'zhfir) (pers) (re-kwgsf) (va'kdnt) license pledge require vaseline (ll's^na) (plSj) (rS-kwIr') (vSs'g-ltn) lieutenant (lu-tSn'Snt) politics (psinr-tTks) respect (re-spgkf) venture (vgn'tisr) local possess responsible weapon (lo^al) (P«-Zg80 (re-8p5n'8T-b'l) (wgp'iin) masculine prejudice scheme wholly (mfalifi-nn) (prgj'd8-dT8) (skem) (hol'lT) mechanic primary screen wretch (mS-kSn'Tk) (pri'md-rT) (skren) (rgch) mere (mer) principle (prTn'sT-p'l) secondary (sgk'wn-da-rt) yacht (y»fc) mihtia proceed secrecy yield (mr-lTsh'd) (prS-sedO (sencrS-sI) (yeld) * Verb ; the noim increase is accented on first syllable. 190 REFERENCE LISTS Words Taught in the Seventh Grade, Second Half Year accommodate : banquet confer entrance (S-k5m'S-dat) (bSq'kwSt) (kdn-fflr') (gn'trSna) according beneficial consumption envelope (a-k8rd'Tng) (bgn-e-flsh'ai) (k3n-8ump'shMn) (5n've-lop) accuracy cabinet contract estate (5k'fi-rd-sT) (kSbl-ngt) (kSn'trSkt)! (g»-tat') acquaintance cable convict estimate (a-kwan'tans) (ka'b'l) (kgn-vIktO* (gs'tT-mat) action calendar correspondence : evidence (Sk'shSn) (kSl'^n-ddr) (k5r-t-sp5n'dgn8) (gv'T-d^ns) aeroplane (a'er-S-plan) capture court exception (kSp'tSr) (kort) (gk-sSp'shfin) affair catarrh debate exhibition (a-fSr') (kd-tar') (de-baf) (gk-sY-btah'fin) altogether cemetery decent existence (81-td6-gg^er) (8gm'e-tgr-T) (de's^nt) (gg-zts'tens) ambition ceremony definite extract (Stn-bTsh'ftn) (sgr'S-mft-nY) (dgft-ntt) (gka-trSkt')» annual challenge degree fatal (Xn'fi-ai) (chSl'gnj) (d^greO (fa'tai) argue character despair furious (Sr'gti) (kSr'ak-ter) (de-8par') (fu'rT-Qs) argument circuit develop gradually (ar'gu-m?nt) (sOr'klt) (de-vgl'gp) (gradiu-ai-T) arouse circumference devote grumble (d-rouzO (ser-kfim'fer-gns) (d^votO (grfimn)'!) artificial clumsy difiiculty haste (ar-tT-frsh'al) (klum'zT) (dlf'T-kul-tY) (hast) assassin coil director heir (a-s5sTn) (koil) (dl-rgk'ter) (Sr) association combination divine horizontal (a-80-sY-a'8h«ii) (k5m-bY-na'sh«n) (dT-vinO (h5r-T-z5n'tSl) attach commit elaborate human (a-tscho (kg-mTf) it-l&Vt-Ttt) (hu'man) aviator community empire illness (a'vi-a-ter) (k3-mu'nT-tt) (gm'pir) (TKnga) balance compound energy imaginary (bSl'ans) (kSm'pound) (gn'er-jT) (T-mSj'T-Qa-rr) 1 Noun ; verb is accented on last syllable. ' Verb ; noun is accented on first syllable. SEVENTH GRADE, SECOND HALF 191 imitate mustache privilege solemn (Tm'I-tat) (mfis-tiahO (prlvT-lSj) (sSl'ftn) importance mutual progress soul (Im-pSr'tanB) (mu'ts-ai) (pr5g'rg8)i (sol) inclose mysterious property squad (Tn-klozO (mTs-te'rT-as) (pr5p^r-tt) (8kw5d) include nervous provision stationary (Tn-kloodO (nQr'vus) , (prS-vtzh'Mn) (8ta'8hfin-a-rl) income neutral pubUcation stationery (Tn'kfim) (nu'trSl) (pab-lT-ka'8hfin) (stS'shun-gr-I) indigestible objection quaUty style (In-dl-jSs'tl-b'l) (5b-j5k'shfin) (kw51'T-tI) (8tn) initial obstacle quantity submarine (Tn-Ish'Sl) (5l/8td-k'l) (kw5u'tl-tl) (sSb-ma-ren') insect opponent (8-po'n«nt) reference suburb (In'sSkt) (rgfer-^ns) (sQVflrb) inspect opportunity relative summon (In-spgkf) (6p-8r-tu'nT-tT) (rSl'd-tlv) (8fim'Sn) instrument outrage repair superintendent (In'stroo-mgnt) (out'raj) (rt-pfir') (8u-per-tu-t5n'd«nt) intelligence oxygen resign suppress (Tn-tgl1-j«n8) (Sk'Bl-jgn) (rft-zmO (sS-prSsO limit peddler resolve surface (Itm'It) (pSd'lSr) (r*-z51v') (sflr'fSs) machinery perish restrain switch (mc-shen'er-T) (pSr/Tsh) (rS-8trSn') (swich) material permissible righteous territory (md-te'rT-ai) (pSr-mTsa-b'l) (rl'chfifl) (t«rT-t«-rY) matinee phonograph rumor torpedo (mat-T-naO {iofnt-gv&i) (roS'mer) (tOr-pe'do) mischievous photograph sacred traitor (mTs'cM-viia) (fo'tft-grAf) (sa'krgd) (tracer) misery physician scene twentieth (mlz'Sr-I) (fl-zIsh'Sn) (sen) (twgn'tr-gth) missionary (mTsh'un-a-rt) plane science various (plan) (si'gnu) (va'ri-fis) modest population (p5p-u-la'8hfin) Senate victim (m5d'5st) (sgu'at) (vlktYm) mold poultry skillful visible (mold) (pol'trY) (8kn'fd6i) (vTzt-b'l) moreover precede sole wholesome (mor-o^er) (pre-sedO (801) (hol'sfim) 1 Noun ; verb is pronounced (prS-grSs'). 192 REFERENCE LISTS Words Taught in the Eighth Grade, First Half Year ability avoid create esteem (d-btl'T-tT) (d-voidO (krfe-atO (gs-tem') abroad ballot criticize evaporate (d-br8d') (bSl'fit) (krTt'T-8lz) (e-v5p'S-rat) abundance behavior cruise executive (o-banMSns) (b?-hav'yer) (krooz) (gg-zgk'u-tiv) accompanied blockade defense fiery (a-kQm'pd-nTd) (bl5k-ad') (de-fgn8') (fi/er-T) accustomed boisterous deHrious financial (a-kus'tiimd) (boi8'ter-M8) (de-lTiT-as) (fl-n5n'8hai) achieve campaign democracy financier (d-chevO (kSm-panO (dJ-mSk'rd-sT) (fln-an-serO advisable candidate desirous genius (ad-viz'd-b'l) (kSn'dl-dat) (,de-zIr'M8) (jen'yQs) allegiance canvass dessert genuine (a-le'jans) (kSn'vds) (dg-z(irtO (jgn'fi-Tn) alliance Catholic diet ghost (a-li'ftns) (kSth'S-lTk) (di'gt) (gost) aluminum census diploma ghmpse (d-lu'mT-n«m) (sgn'siis) (dT-plo'md) (glTmp8) ancient changeable disaster gHsten (an'sh^nt) (chan'jd-b'l) (dlz-i8'ter) (glt8"n) announce choir discipline (dT8'I-plTn) glorious (g-nouns') (kwir) (glo'rY-Ss) annoy Christ disguise guardian (a-noi') (krist) (dTa-glzO (gar'di-dn) apparently (a-par'?nt-ir) conceive duet Hebrew (k3n-sev') (dfi-sto (he'broo) appearance condemn efficient ignorance (d-per'Sns) (k»n-dgmO (g-fYsh'gnt) (Tg'no-rans) attendance conscience ehminate immigrant (o-tgn'danB) (k5n'8hgns) (g-lTm'T-nat) (Trn'T-grSut) attorney conscientious eloquent immoral (a-tflr'nl) (k5n-8ht-gn'8hM8) (gl'S-kwgnt) (I-m5r'ai) audience consequence emergency immortal (S'dT-^ns) (kSn'se-kwSns) (e-mfir'j^n-sT) (T-m8r'tai) authority convenient emigrant indorse (8-th5r1-tr) (k(5n-ven'ygnt) (gma-grant) (Tn-d8rs0 autocracy (8-t5k'rd.8T) council emphasize influence (koun'8ll) (gm'fd-siz) (Tn'floo-ens) EIGHTH GRADE, FIRST HALF 193 ingenious (fii-jen'yus) obedience quarantine scandalous (S-be'dT-^ns) (kwSr'an-ten) (skSnMai-MS) insane obtain quartet secure (lu-san') (3b-tan0 (kw8r-tgt0 (8e-kur') insult odor ratio seldom (Tn-sQltO' (o'der) (ra'shl-o) (8gl'dfim) intelligent offense reahze sergeant (Tn-t51'T-j?nt) (»-f5ns') (re'al-Iz) (sar'jgnt) interfere official recipe solo (Tn-tSr-fer/) (s-tuhm) (rgs'T-pe) (so'lo) invalid orchestra recognize specimen (Tn'vd-lld) (8r'k58-trd) (rgk'dg-nlz) (8pg8T.ingn) issue ordinarily redeem spirit (Tsh'u) (6r'dT-nS-rT-lI) (rt-dem') (8pTr'Tt) jur>^ organization regiment suffrage (joo'rT) (6r-gan-I-za'8hfin) (rgj'I-mgnt) (sQf'rSj) latter originally relieve suitable (lat'Sr) (*-rIj1-nai-T) (re-lev') (sut'd-b'l) legislature pause religion sympathize (IgjTs-la-t^r) (p8z) (r«-lTj'fin) (8lm'p