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 The Spanish Archives 
 of New Mexico 
 
 Compiled and chronologically arranged with historical, genealogical, 
 
 geographical, and other annotations, by authority of 
 
 the State of New Mexico 
 
 By 
 
 Ralph Emerson Twitchell 
 
 Of the New Mexico Bar 
 
 Volume One 
 
 THE TORCH PRESS 
 NINETEEN FOURTEEN
 
 COPYRIGHT 1914 BY 
 RALPH EMERSON TWITCHELL 
 
 « * 1 I • •' 
 
 THE TORCH PRESS 
 
 CEDAR RAPIDS 
 
 IOWA
 
 J 
 
 33H 
 
 V. 1 
 
 A TRIBUTE TO THE MEMORY OF 
 
 40 DANIEL SAWIN TWITCHELL, MY FATHER 
 
 S WHOSE ANCESTOR IN AMERICA, BENJAMIN TWITCH- 
 
 '^ ELL, SETTLED IN DORCHESTER, MASSACHUSETTS, IN 
 
 S 1630, A PURITAN PIONEER, COTEMPORARY IN NEW 
 
 ^ WORLD CIVILIZATION WITH THE SPANISH CON- 
 
 ±i QUISTADORES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 ca 
 
 CJ9 

 
 PREFATORY NOTE 
 
 The documentary period of New Mexican history be- 
 gins with the Relacion of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, 
 who, with three companions, survivors of the ill-fated 
 expedition under Don Pamfilo Narvaez, in 1528, ship- 
 wrecked upon the coast of the Mexican Gulf, traversed 
 the continent, finally, in 1538, meeting with other Span- 
 iards in New Galicia near th« west coast of Mexico. 
 Thereafter came the memorable journeys of the Francis- 
 can f rayles, Juan de la Asuncion and Marcos de Niza, the 
 negro, Estevan, who lost his life at Zuiii, the expedition 
 under Frajicisco Vasquez Coronado; Friar Agustin 
 Ruiz, with Chamuscado; Don Antonio de Espejo; Cas- 
 tano de Sosa ; and finally, in 1598, the first colonizer in 
 the United States of today, Don Juan de Oiiate, who 
 located his first capital at San Gabriel, near the junction 
 of the Rio Chama with the Rio Grande, in the county 
 of Rio Arriba, New Mexico. 
 
 The Spanish archives of New Mexico, however, do 
 not contain any record of the events of the explorations 
 of the last half of the sixteenth century, nor are there 
 any connected with the first settlement under Onate. 
 The earliest is one of the year 1621, a translation of 
 which is given together with a photographic reproduc- 
 tion. All of the earlier archives at Santa Fe, with this 
 exception and two others, were destroyed by the Indians 
 in the Pueblo Rebellion of 1680. The Spaniards, in 
 August of that year, under the governor and captain-
 
 viii THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 general, Don Antonio de Otermin, were forced to evac- 
 uate the capital after a siege continuing five days, re- 
 tiring to Paso del Norte, which became the seat of gov- 
 ernment and military operations of the Province until 
 the re-conquest under General Don Diego de Vargas 
 Zapata Lujan Ponce de Leon in 1692-94. 
 
 The Spanish archives of this State have been a sub- 
 ject of enduring interest ever since the occupation of 
 New Mexico by American troops in 1846. From the 
 time of the re-conquest until the American Occupation 
 period the archives were well cared for by the Spanish 
 and Mexican authorities. 
 
 The Spanish and Mexican governments were ex- 
 tremely zealous in the administration of the regulations 
 governing their custody and care. At the time of the 
 Occupation these archives were in the charge of Don 
 Donaciano Vigil, who had been the sole custodian, dur- 
 ing many administrations, since 1824. 
 
 On the 22d of September, 1846, Vigil was appointed 
 secretary of New Mexico and ex-officio recorder of land 
 titles and custodian of the archives, by General Stephen 
 W. Kearny. In 1847, after the assassination of Govern- 
 or Charles Bent, he succeeded to the civil governorship 
 but continued as official custodian until New Mexico be- 
 came a Territory of the United States in 1851. 
 
 A recital of the historical events in connection with 
 the custody of these documents will be of interest. It 
 is recorded that no sooner had the Americans assumed 
 control than reports were forwarded to the authorities 
 at Washington, declaring that the "prefect at Paso del 
 Norte has for the last few months been very active in 
 disposing (for his own benefit) of all lands in that vi-
 
 PREFATORY NOTE ix 
 
 cinity that are valuable, ante-dsitmg the title to such 
 purchases." Thus early was the taint of fraud given 
 to archives, the value of which was so little appreciated 
 by the soldiers of the American army that during the 
 occupation of Paso del Norte by Colonel Doniphan's 
 troops, they, in considerable quantity, were thrown into 
 the street to make room for office headquarters and 
 burned. 
 
 Professor J. H. Vaughan, A Preliminary Report on 
 the Archives of Neiv Mexico, Appendix "C," Report, 
 American Historical Association, 1908, p. 471, has 
 fallen into error where he states that ' ' The Federal au- 
 thorities then in control allowed the documents to re- 
 main in the custody of the Territorial authorities, and 
 this custody continued to be exercised without question 
 until 1903. ' ' On the contrary, the general government, 
 almost immediatelv after the Territorv of New Mexico 
 was created, took steps for their preservation. He also 
 errs in his conclusion that "There is no question that 
 many of the more important papers relating to, or bear- 
 ing directly on, the question of land titles in the Terri- 
 tory were borrowed from the general stock and were not 
 returned," for, in truth, after the segregation by Sur- 
 veyor-General Pelliam, the number of archives relative 
 to land titles was materially augmented by the filing of 
 title papers in his office by land owners. 
 
 Pursuant to the provisions of the Act of Congress of 
 July 22, 1854 {10 Stats., p. 309), under which was cre- 
 ated the office of surveyor-general of New Mexico, the 
 first appointee, William Pelham, was instructed, upon 
 his arrival at Santa Fe, to make application to the gov- 
 ernor (Merriwether) for "such of the archives as re-
 
 X THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 late to grants of land by the former authorities of the 
 country," to see that ''they are kept in a place of se- 
 curity from fire, or other accidents, and that access is 
 allowed only to land-owners who may find it necessary 
 to refer to their title records," and such references 
 ''must be made under your eye or that of a sworn em- 
 ploye of the government. ' ' 
 
 The surveyor-general was also instructed to prepare, 
 in duplicate, from the archives, or authoritative sources, 
 a document exhibiting the names of all the officers of the 
 Territory who held the power of distributing land from 
 the earliest settlement of the Territory until the change 
 of government, indicating the several periods of their 
 incumbency ; the nature and extent of their powers con- 
 cerning lands ; whether, and to what extent, and under 
 what conditions and Imiitations, authority existed in 
 the governors or political chiefs to distribute the public 
 domain; whether, in any class of cases, they had the 
 power to make an absolute grant; and if so, for what 
 maximum in area ; or whether subject to the affirmance 
 of the department or supreme government ; whether the 
 Spanish surveying system was in operation, and since 
 what period in the country, and under what organiza- 
 tion ; also, with verified copies of the original, and trans- 
 lations of the laws and decrees of the Mexican Repub- 
 lic, and regulations which may have been adopted by the 
 general government of that republic for the disposal of 
 the public lands in New Mexico. 
 
 Mindful of the rights of the Pueblo Indians of New 
 Mexico, he was instructed to collect data from the rec- 
 ords and other authentic sources relative to these Pu- 
 eblos, so that Congress would understand the matter
 
 PREFATORY NOTE xi 
 
 fully and be able to legislate in such a manner as would 
 do ''justice to all concerned." 
 
 In accordance with his instructions, the surveyor-gen- 
 eral made application to Governor Merriwether for 
 such of the archives as related to grants of land by the 
 former authorities of the country. The governor de- 
 clined to act, saying that "their selection from the large 
 amount of papers composing the public archives of the 
 Territory would involve an immense amount of labor 
 and a heavy expenditure which he was not authorized 
 to incur." 
 
 Governor Merriwether, however, graciously permit- 
 ted the surveyor-general "to remove the packages con- 
 taining such papers as related to the grants of land in 
 the country from their deposit and examine them in my 
 own office; whereupon I immediately assigned two of 
 my clerks to separate them. On the last day of July 
 (1855) this difficult duty was accomplished, and from 
 one hundred and sixty-eight packages, averaging one 
 hundred and sixty-eight thousand papers, of every na- 
 ture and description imaginable, one thousand seven 
 hundred and fifteen grants, conveyances of land, and 
 other documents referring to claims to land, have been 
 selected, and are now being arranged and classified in 
 a systematical form in this office. It will, however, be 
 impossible to have them properly and substantially 
 bound, as required by your instructions, on account of 
 the different shapes and forms in which they are to be 
 found — some existing on large sheets of foolscap pa- 
 per, while others are to be found on half -sheets, and 
 others again, on scraps of paper which can never be 
 bound in any convenient form. ' '
 
 xii THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Immediately the surveyor-general began the perform- 
 ance of his duties, but, as appears from the report of the 
 commissioner of the general land ofi&ce, the people of 
 New Mexico were averse to responding to the call of the 
 surveyor-general to produce their title papers to lands 
 in the Territory, "some for fear of losing the evidence 
 of their titles, inspired, it is supposed, by designing in- 
 dividuals." 
 
 "In many instances," says the commissioner, "the 
 Pueblo Indians have been deterred from filing their title 
 papers with the surveyor-general, in the apprehension 
 they would never again get possession of them. 
 
 "Others, conscious of an indisputable possessory 
 right of landed estates, feel perfectly secure on the sub- 
 ject and do not care to exhibit, much less file, their title 
 papers, for the purpose of enabling the surveyor-gen- 
 eral to report upon the claims to Congress for confirma- 
 tion under the Act of July 22, 1854." 
 
 Pelham continued as surveyor-general until the 
 breaking out of the Civil War, when he endeavored to 
 make his escape from New Mexico in company with the 
 army of Confederate invaders under the command of 
 General H. H. Sibley, but was captured by General Can- 
 by near Alburquerque at the time of the inglorious re- 
 treat of the Texans in 1862. 
 
 Thereafter and for more than a quarter of a century 
 the surveyor-general's office was engaged in the investi- 
 gation of these private land claims, during which time, 
 up to and including the year 1880, according to the re- 
 port of the secretary of the interior, "after a lapse of 
 nearly thirty years, more than one thousand claims have 
 been filed with the surveyor-general, of which less than
 
 PREFATORY NOTE xiii 
 
 one hundred and fifty have been reported to Congress, 
 and of the number so reported, Congress has finally 
 acted upon seventy-one. The construction of railroads 
 through New Mexico and Arizona, and the consequent 
 influx of population in those Territories, render it im- 
 peratively necessary that these claims should be finally 
 settled with the least possible delay. I have, therefore, 
 the honor to recommend that the attention of Congress 
 be called especially to the subject, with a view to secur- 
 ing action upon the claims pending before it, and upon 
 the pending bill providing for the settlement of the re- 
 maining claims. 
 
 ''On June 30, 1880, patents had been issued by the 
 government for 4,456,158.43 acres of private land claims 
 in New Mexico and Colorado ; the largest grant for 1,- 
 714,764.94 acres, and the smallest for 1,720 acres. 
 
 "There were on the above mentioned date forty-six 
 claims for private land grants in New Mexico and Col- 
 orado, containing an area of 4,675,173.57 acres pending 
 in the general land office for patents, and on that date 
 there were pending sixty private land claims in the 
 same area for confirmation by Congress, embracing an 
 area, so far as the same has been surveyed, of 4,294,627.- 
 475 acres. 
 
 "This condition of affairs continued until the estab- 
 lishment of the Court of Private Land Claims in 1891, 
 which court began its official functions by a formal or- 
 ganization at Denver, Colorado, July 1, 1891, and ceased, 
 by operation of law, June 30, 1904." 
 
 During the thirty-seven years of investigations of 
 these private land claims by the several surveyors-gen- 
 eral, lawyers and other interested persons became en-
 
 xiv THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 tirely familiar with the documents in the office of the 
 surveyor-general. Much testimony was taken by that 
 official, the major portion of which is of more than 
 ordinary historical importance. Translations of these 
 archives were made by a succession of official translat- 
 ors, notably Whiting, MiUer, Ellison, Key, and Vigil, 
 and during the existence of the court of private land 
 claims by Flipper, Tipton, Chacon, and others, the 
 work of all of whom has been used in this compilation. 
 Not one of these documents has ever been mislaid or 
 tampered with while in the custody of the representa- 
 tives of the Department of the Interior. 
 
 These archives are by far the most valuable and in- 
 teresting of any in the Southwest, not excepting those 
 of California. Here we find reflected the home and busi- 
 ness life of the early settlers. In the expedientes, testi- 
 monios, and other papers, numbers of which have been 
 translated and given in full, are disclosed the pride of 
 ancestral achievement in the conquest and pacification 
 of the country; recitals of Indian campaigns, usages, 
 methods of defense, the erection of forts and towers in 
 exposed localities on the Indian frontiers; customs, 
 civil and military; names of officers in all branches of 
 the service ; the respectful regard for the rights of the 
 Pueblo Indians relative to their land holdings; the ef- 
 forts to win over the hostile tribes and convert them to 
 the Catholic faith; the deference for the ecclesiastics; 
 official admonitions; wills and testaments, slaves and 
 slavery, laws and customs, forms of official procedure, 
 census returns ; in fine, almost everything necessary for 
 a study of the lives, manners, routine, dress, and daily 
 occupations of the people during a period of more than
 
 PREFATORY NOTE xv 
 
 two centuries. The will of General De Vargas ex- 
 emplifies in many ways the picture of official life at 
 Santa Fe ; the manners of dress, the home life, the use 
 of elaborate plate, the wearing of resplendent jewelry, 
 the affection bestowed upon his intimates, all are found 
 in this notable document. 
 
 Those archives which, in 1854, remained in the cus- 
 tody of Governor Merriwether, became a part of the of- 
 ficial records of the executive office. On February 4, 
 1854, the Territorial Assembly memorialized Congress, 
 reciting that the archives were in a ruined condition, 
 dociunents of great importance being exposed and in 
 danger of complete destruction ; that the Territory was 
 without means to care for them properly, and asking for 
 an appropriation of fifteen thousand dollars for their 
 care and translation into the English language. Con- 
 gress did nothing. Even the Palace of the Governors 
 was, at that time, in such poor repair, according to the 
 governor, that it was no fit place for the sessions of the 
 Assembly. During successive administrations recom- 
 mendations were made to the Territorial legislatures for 
 appropriations for the care of these important docu-^ 
 ments. Meanwhile many of them disappeared, and dur- 
 ing the administration of Governor Pyle, it is said, 
 many were carried off. In a measure this is true, but 
 they were not destroyed, as nearly all of them found 
 their way into private collections at Santa Fe and else- 
 where. 
 
 In 1891-2, during the administration of Governor L. 
 Bradford Prince, the Legislative Assembly authorized 
 the expenditure of two thousand four hundred dollars 
 for cataloguing, numbering, indexing, binding, and
 
 xvi THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 translating these archives, and the governor was em- 
 powered to contract with some competent person for 
 the work, "it being understood that only such docu- 
 ments as contained matters of historical interest to 
 New Mexico shall be required to be translated, and that 
 the person with whom such contract shall be made shall 
 also make clean copies of said documents as he may 
 translate, with proper indexes to both Spanish and 
 English, so as to prepare the same for publication as 
 historical documents ; such dociunents shall also be ar- 
 ranged chronologically. ' ' 
 
 Mr. Ad. F. Bandelier was employed by the govern- 
 or for the purpose. All that the Territory ever re- 
 ceived for the money paid to Mr. Bandelier was a 
 "list" of 1074 archives, chronologically arranged, a 
 copy of which is now in the possession of the Historical 
 Society of New Mexico, and which has been used in this 
 compilation. If any translations were made they were 
 never filed with the Territorial authorities, or, if filed, 
 have entirely disappeared. No index was ever made 
 and no copies have ever been preserved. 
 
 Narrowly escaping destruction by fire when the first 
 capitol was burned in 1892, the archives were placed in 
 the custody of the secretary of the Territory. Numbers 
 of them were used in the trial of cases before the court 
 of private land claims. 
 
 During the last year of the administration of Gover- 
 nor Miguel A. Otero they were removed, by order of 
 the general government, to Washington and placed in 
 the Library of Congress. A full statement of how this 
 removal was arbitrarily accomplished is contained in 
 Professor Vaughan's monograph, where he states:
 
 PREFATORY NOTE xvii 
 
 ''After the completion of the present Territorial capi- 
 tol, in 1900, and the removal of the Territorial offices 
 from the Old Palace to the capitol building, these old 
 documents were transferred to the office of the Terri- 
 torial Secretary and stored in the vault adjoining the 
 office. Here they were arranged, roughly, in the order 
 of their dates, were tied in packages, and stored as care- 
 fully as was possible on the shelving in a vault avail- 
 able for that purpose. In 1901, however, it was clearly 
 seen that these documents, which occupied nearly all 
 the shelf space on one side of the vault, would have to 
 be removed in order to make room for the current 
 records of the office, the volume of which was constant- 
 ly and rapidly increasing. 
 
 ''About this time correspondence was being received 
 from the authorities at Washington, particularly from 
 the librarian of Congress, asking that these Spanish 
 and Mexican archives be transferred to the Library of 
 Congress at Washington, where they would be stored 
 in a manner absolutely safe; also classified, indexed, 
 and translated by persons trained in this line of work, 
 and without expense to the Territory. Recommenda- 
 tions to this effect were made by the Secretary of the 
 Territory in 1899, 1901, and 1903 ; and the governor, 
 in his message to the Legislative Assembly, called the at- 
 tention of that body to the circumstances on at least one 
 occasion. No action of any kind was taken or even 
 considered until 1903. During the winter of that year 
 the librarian of Congress was a visitor in Santa Fe, in 
 the month of February, and discussed the matter with 
 the members of the Legislature and the Territorial of- 
 ficials. The result of this discussion was the drafting
 
 xviii THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 of an act which provided for the transfer of these docu- 
 ments to the Library of Congress, which, through the 
 librarian, entered into certain stipulations, as to the 
 preservation, classification, and indexing of the docu- 
 ments free of charge to the Territory. Through the 
 intervention of certain persons this act was amended 
 after its introduction so as to stipulate that all of the 
 archives found to relate to land titles or to local and 
 personal matter, and not of great historic importance, 
 should be returned within one year, and that all the re- 
 mainder of said archives, upon being properly analyzed 
 and classified, should within five years of their recep- 
 tion at Washington be returned to New Mexico. The 
 result was that when the act was finally passed, as 
 amended, the authorities at Washington refused to en- 
 ter into the stipulations as provided for in said act 
 (chap. 102, Laws of 1903). 
 
 "The negotiations of the Library of Congress had 
 failed to secure the records; but the incident was not 
 closed. The authorities at Washington held that these 
 archives were, always had been, subject to the control 
 and supervision of the federal government. Acting on 
 this assumption, the Secretary of the Interior, April 
 29, 1903, directed the governor of New Mexico to for- 
 ward the archives to the Interior Department. They 
 were accordingly expressed from Santa Fe to the de- 
 partment May 9, 1903. Here they were unmediately 
 turned over to the Librarian of Congress, and were 
 held to be the property of the United States Govern- 
 ment, the control of them in the Secretarv of the In- 
 terior. 
 
 "The authoritv of the Secretarv of the Interior to
 
 PREFATORY NOTE xix 
 
 turn these records over to the Library of Congress was 
 alleged to be found in the following Act of Congress, 
 approved February 25, 1903 : 
 
 ' ' ' The head of any executive department or bureau 
 or any commission of the Government is hereby au- 
 thorized, from time to time, to turn over to the Li- 
 brarian of Congress, for the use of the Library of 
 Congress, any books, maps or other material in the 
 library of the department, bureau or commission no 
 longer needed for its use, and in the judgment of the 
 Librarian of Congress appropriate to the uses of the 
 Library of Congress. ' ' ' 
 
 In this manner were these archives taken away from 
 the custody of the Territorial officials. It seems to 
 have required an Act of Congress to accomplish the 
 deed. Had such a course been pursued in dealing with 
 any other Territory, such opposition would have been 
 raised that no Act of Congress could have been passed. 
 No such course was pursued with California or any 
 other Territory of the United States. Legally, the gov- 
 ernment had the right to assert its ownership and con- 
 trol over these documents, but morally, it was an act 
 which is justified only by the very excellent work which 
 has been accomplished by the Librarian of Congress 
 since they have been in his custody. 
 
 This great collection has been stored in the Manu- 
 scripts Division of the Library of Congress. They con- 
 sist, approximately, of 20,000 documents, 10,000 in 
 manuscript containing from 1 to 200 folios, and 10,000 
 printed, mostly of 1 to 4 folios. Since they have been 
 in Washington they have all been arranged chronolog- 
 ically; the sheets have been cleansed, pressed free of 
 creases, and stored flat; the manuscripts are in 180
 
 XX THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 lialf -leather portfolios; the printed material has been, 
 in part, repaired, mounted, and bound in half -morocco 
 folio volmnes. The unmounted portion is stored flat 
 in manila jackets. 
 
 A calendar, in English, is being prepared, with an in- 
 dex. This now includes the year 1823. In this com- 
 pilation this calendar has been employed, not using the 
 numbers exactly as they have been given by the Libra- 
 rian. It is stated that these archives, of enormous impor- 
 tance to the people of New Mexico, will eventually be re- 
 stored to the State. Of course this is possible but, con- 
 sidering the efforts which were successfully made in se- 
 curing them for the Library of Congress, such action on 
 the part of the general government, even at the request 
 of a sovereign State, is highly improbable. New Mexi- 
 cans can congratulate themselves that the records of the 
 court of private land claims were permitted to remain 
 in the custody of the surveyor-general. It is of 
 prime importance that the State have copies of all the 
 archives at Washington; it is also essential that those 
 in the office of the surveyor-general be handled more 
 carefully when examined by attorneys in courts or in 
 his office. The same sort of treatment should be ac- 
 corded those as has been given the archives at Wash- 
 ington, and photostat copies should be made of both 
 collections. 
 
 The Autos of Don Antonio de Otermin, governor and 
 captain-general, and the Disculpa of Alonzo Garcia, 
 lieutenant-general, translations of which are given, con- 
 sist of the record of events transpiring at the time of the 
 Pueblo Rebellion which have been available for this pub- 
 lication. There are still other Autos of Otermin in the
 
 PREFATORY NOTE xxi 
 
 archives at the City of Mexico, but the unfortunate 
 course of events occurring in Mexico during the past 
 few years has made it impossible to secure copies or 
 translations. Those appearing here, so far as the writer 
 knows, have not heretofore been published in the Eng- 
 lish language. 
 
 The statement of the private land claims investigated 
 by the surveyor-general of New Mexico is complete, as 
 is also that of the cases finally disposed of in the court 
 of private land claims. 
 
 This compilation has been undertaken with the view 
 of furnishing information promptly and accurately to 
 those most interested — the people of New Mexico. The 
 cost of publication has been borne in part by the 
 State. It will be noticed that in some instances the 
 titles are given in the Spanish language. These, how- 
 ever, are in the main translated and the contents of 
 each archive, so far as is indicated by the title, are sug- 
 gested to the reader. This portion of the catalogue, 
 with some changes and other modifications, is taken 
 from the "list" prepared by Mr. Bandelier. The 
 method being somewhat unscientific when compared 
 with the work performed under the direction of the 
 librarian of Congress, which is most thorough, and the 
 compiler lacking in that peculiar training and pre- 
 paredness demanded by the rules governing this class 
 of composition, the want of suitable intellectual equip- 
 ment is apt to provoke unfavorable comment from 
 some scholastic Pharisee. 
 
 Comment and criticism of this sort, however, coming 
 as they usually do from persons whose range of vision 
 is limited to the four walls of a university quadrangle.
 
 xxii THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OP NEW MEXICO 
 
 are harmless. They serve to enlarge the layman's con- 
 tempt for some methods of educational training and ad- 
 ministration. 
 
 The reading public, however, men actively engaged 
 in the affairs of the day, have learned to expect noth- 
 ing but criticism from such sources, and its value is es- 
 timated accoi'dingly. These critics are paid for such 
 service and, needs be, future employment must find 
 apology. There are pleasurable exceptions, but the 
 rule generally discloses composition from such sources 
 so hypercritical, so self -assuring, so devoid of the or- 
 dinary elements of human interest, that it attracts 
 hardly passing notice. The American reading public 
 demands a popular style of treatment, combined with 
 accuracy of statement, from whatever source obtained. 
 The so-called scientific class, with some exceptions, us- 
 ually reveals unopened leaves and a final resting place 
 in the literary scrap-heap. 
 
 Notwithstanding the prospect of provoking such 
 criticism, this work has been arranged with the view 
 of demonstrating that even a catalogue may be made 
 interesting as well as profitable reading. To be sure 
 no "discoveries" are claimed and no missing manu- 
 scripts have been "recovered," the right of discovery 
 having been exclusively reserved to some, who for the 
 sake of being classified among the "Who's Who" of 
 scholastic recognition, make occasional contributions — 
 a term of scientific significance — to periodicals, ve- 
 hicles for the publication of monographs devoted to 
 historical research. 
 
 The thanks of the writer are tendered to the libra- 
 rian of Congress for courtesies extended ; to Francis C.
 
 PEEFATORY NOTE xxiii 
 
 Wilson, Esq., of Santa Fe, New Mexico, for the use of 
 notes relative to the land tenures of the Pueblo Indians 
 prepared by Mr. Will M. Tipton ; to Miss Florence P. 
 Spofford, of Washington, D. C. ; and to the many 
 friends in New Mexico who have permitted the use of 
 old documents and papers not in the archives, from 
 which the genealogy of some of our leading New Mex- 
 ican families has been established. 
 
 Ealph Emekson Twitchell 
 
 Las Vegas, New Mexico 
 January 2, 1914
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 El Palacio Real, Santa Fe, New Mexico . . Frontispiece 
 
 Duke op Alburquerque 8 
 
 16 
 33 
 49 
 64 
 
 Oldest Archive in Office of Surveyor-General 
 Inscription on El Morro by General De Vargas 
 Inscription on El Morro by Captain Juan de Ulibarri 
 Coat of Arms of General de Vargas 
 Facsimiles of Signatures of Governors and Captains-General 96 
 Don Fernando de Alencastre Norona y Silva, Duke of Lin- 
 ares 128 
 
 Don Baltazar de Zuniga, Marques de Valero, Duke of Arion 160 
 Facsimiles of Signatures of Governors of New Mexico . 192 
 Facsimiles of Signatues op General De Vargas and Captains 224 
 Don Juan de Acuna, Marques de Casa Fuerte . . 256 
 
 Urrutia's Map op Santa Fe 289 
 
 Don Juan Antonio de Vkarron y Eguiarreta . . 320 
 
 Don Pedro de Castro Figueroa 384 
 
 Facsimiles of Distinguished New Mexicans . . . 416 
 Facsimiles of Signatures of Governors and Captains-Gener- 
 al 432 
 
 Facsimiles of Signatures op Distinguished New Mexicans 448 
 Facsimiles of Signatures op Governors of New Mexico . 464 
 Facsimiles of Signatures of Governors op New Mexico 480
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 IN THE OFFICE OF THE SURVEYOR-GENERAL 
 SANTA FE. NEW MEXICO 
 
 1 PEDRO DE ABALOS. March 26, 1685. Town of 
 Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe de El Paso. Before Don 
 Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate, Governor and Cap- 
 tain-General. 
 
 Registration of a mine, situate forty-five leagues from 
 the said town in the Httle mountain called Fray Cristobal. 
 Name of mine; Nuestra Senora del Pilar de Zaragoza. 
 
 Pedro de Abalos was a soldier of the garrison at the 
 El Paso presidio at the time of the registry of this mine. 
 The property was discovered while on the campaign north 
 with Cruzate for the recovery of the Province. He gave 
 one-half of the mine to Alonzo Rael de Aguilar; a part 
 to his brother, Antonio de Abalos, who was also a soldier 
 of the garrison; also a part to Captain Juan Garcia de 
 Noriega. Alonzo Rael de Aguilar was also a captain, 
 married, and with his wife and children was living at 
 Paso del Norte at the time of this registration. 
 
 On the retreat from Santa Fe, in 1680, it was at Fray 
 Cristobal that a junta de guerra was begun for the con- 
 sideration of the question of an immediate return to the 
 Villa of Santa Fe, and an attempt made to drive out the 
 victorious apostates. The safety of the women and chil- 
 dren having been provided for, Otermin assembled the 
 members of the cahildo of Santa Fe, the frayles, military 
 officers, and prominent Spaniards who had made their 
 escape. Fray Ayeta attended the junta and represented 
 the entire body of Religious; he made offers of assistance 
 in the way of provisions if the re-conquest was under- 
 taken. One of the officers who addressed the junta was 
 Captain Thome Dominguez, who advised the acceptance 
 of the offer made by the custodio, Fr. Ayeta. The strong- 
 est opponents to a return, at that time, were Francisco 
 Gomez Robledo, Alonzo Garcia, and Pedro Duran y 
 Chaves. The cahildo of Santa Fe took sides with the 
 last named, as did also the Captains Pedro Marquez and
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Sebastian de Herrera. Governor Otermin agreed with 
 the cahildo, and on October 5 made announcement of his 
 decision. The junta which brought about this final de- 
 termination was concluded when within a few leagues of 
 Paso del Norte. 
 
 All three of the individuals signing this archive came 
 north with General De Vargas twelve years later. 
 
 The mine was probably situate somewhere west of the 
 present town of Engle, Sierra county, New Mexico. 
 
 Don Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate was named 
 governor and captain-general of the province of New 
 Mexico, referred to in all his autos and other official docu- 
 ments as "Reino" (kingdom), in the year 1682, succeed- 
 ing Don Antonio de Otermfn. Carlos II sent him as 
 visitador to the Leeward Islands. He was prominent in 
 the wars with Portugal. A copy of his commission appears 
 later in this volume. He had been alcalde of Mestitlan 
 when appointed governor of New Mexico. He endeavored 
 to regain the province, but failed. 
 
 Bancroft says that he was succeeded by General Pedro 
 Reneros de Posada. See archives in office of the surveyor- 
 general for New Mexico, Files R. A., R. B., and R. C, 
 from which it will be seen that as late as September 25, 
 1689, he was making grants of land to the pueblos of 
 San Juan, Jemez, Pecos, and others. These archives, in 
 my judgment, are spurious. Don Pedro Ortiz Niiio La- 
 dron de Guevarra was his secretary of government 
 and war at the time. In 1688, Reneros de Posada 
 was a general under Cruzate and may have been a gov- 
 ernor and captain-general ad interim. He was in a cam- 
 paign against the apostates as far north as the pueblo of 
 Cia. See affidavit of Bartolome de Ojeda, Indian of Zia, 
 where this fact appears. Archive File R, No. A, S. G. 0. 
 Escalante says so, also. Governor Cruzate joins with 
 Ojeda in making this affidavit, and in it the ''affair" at 
 Zia is mentioned. 
 
 Bancroft and all the rest err as to the date of the ap- 
 pointment of Governor Cruzate. He was appointed on 
 or prior to the 20th day of August, 1682. See archive 
 1134, which I give in full as being of sufficient import- 
 ance, thereby settling the conflicting statements of his- 
 torical writers: 
 
 "ONE REAL. Third Seal. ONE REAL. Years one 
 thousand six hundred and seventy-nine and eighty. 
 (STAMP) -(STAMP)
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 3 
 
 "I, Thomas Lorenzo Manuel Manrique de la Cerda 
 Henrique Afan de Rivera Porto Arro and Cardena, conde 
 de Paredes, Marques de la Laguna, knight commander of 
 Moraleja in the Order and Knighthood of Alcantara, at 
 the court of His Majesty, acting viceroy and governor 
 and captain-general of New Spain, president of the Royal 
 Audiencia of the same, having appointed as governor and 
 captain-general of the province of New Mexico, Captain 
 Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate and having deter- 
 mined in general council that it is necessary and proper 
 in view of the authority I have conferred on the said ap- 
 pointee, to make distributions of land, that the governor 
 of Viscaya be notified thereof, in order that he may con- 
 fine himself to those which pertain alone to his jurisdic- 
 tion, and to the end that the one and the other may reci- 
 procally enjoy a good understanding, each confining him- 
 self within the limits of his own jurisdiction, having to do 
 only with the demarcations of their governments, it being 
 understood that the territory of Vizcaya extends up to the 
 river of Notnbre de Dios, otherwise called Sacramento, 
 and that thence the territory of the government of New 
 Mexico begins, with which declaration all controversy 
 will cease. 
 
 "I, therefore, command the said Captain Domingo 
 Jironza Petriz de Cruzate to notify and make known this 
 decision to Bartolome de Estrada of the Order of Santiago 
 and governor and captain-general of the Royal Province 
 of Nueva Vizcaya, so that, should he have any representa- 
 tion to make he may report to this government, confining 
 himself to the Interior; and I direct said appointee that 
 he urge and compel all Spaniards who may have fled from 
 El Paso and other jurisdictions of the Province of New 
 Mexico and who may now be within the territory of his 
 jurisdiction, to return to that place, he reporting to me 
 fully of the execution of this mandate and of whatever 
 he may deem proper. 
 ''Mexico, August 20, 1682. 
 
 "The Conde de Pakedes Marques de la Laguna 
 [rubric] 
 "By Command of His Excellency: 
 
 "Pedro Velasquez de la Cadena. " 
 
 Attached to this archive are a number of "protests," 
 notably one from the officials of the City of Parral, in 
 which is found a great deal of information of great value 
 dealing with mining and agricultural matters in that
 
 t THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 country and protesting against being made a part of 
 New Mexico. 
 
 The Sacramento river is about twenty miles north of 
 Chihuahua. It was near this river that General Alexander 
 "W. Doniphan fought his battle with the Mexicans in 1847. 
 
 Bancroft says that Ojeda's affidavit "mystifies" him. 
 They (the grants) have mystified others and for just what 
 purpose they were made — at that time — does not clearly 
 appear. However, these are the basic titles to the lands 
 of the several pueblos mentioned, and upon them the gov- 
 ernment of the United States acted when the grants were 
 confirmed to the pueblos. There is at least one prime 
 authority, "Will M. Tipton, who believes that all of these 
 pueblo grant papers are forgeries. 
 
 After the appointment of Don Diego de Vargas Zapata 
 Lujan Ponce de Leon as governor and captain-general of 
 New Mexico, Cruzate was named governor of Sonora. 
 
 The Indian, Bartolome Ojeda, subsequently fought un- 
 der De Vargas and is referred to by the latter as '*Mi 
 Compadre!" He fought at the battle of Potrero Vie jo. 
 
 2 ANA DE ARCHULETA. February 1, 1696. City of 
 
 Santa Fe. Before Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponce 
 
 de Leon, Marques de la Nava Brazinas. 
 
 Grant of a small piece of land in the City of Santa Te. 
 Captain Juan Garcia de la Riva ; Luis Duran ; Francisco 
 de la Mora; Gregorio de Archuleta; Lorenzo Madrid; 
 Domingo de la Barreda ; Captain Bartolome Gardufio ; 
 Juan Antonio Barrios; Antonio Alvarez Castillon; Fran- 
 cisco Joseph Casados; Joseph Manuel Giltomey; Pedro 
 de Roxas. 
 
 General De Vargas began making grants and allotments 
 of land which had belonged to the Spaniards who left with 
 Governor Otermin, before he commenced his second en- 
 trada. He made some shortly after his first entrada. This 
 archive has a fine signature of De Vargas and those sign- 
 ing with him. Lorenzo Madrid was a brother of Roque 
 Madrid, who was sergeant-major under Cruzate; Roque 
 Madrid was one of the soldiers who escaped from the 
 Villa with Otermin ; he had a ranch south of the City of 
 Santa Fe. Captain Juan Garcia de la Riva was after- 
 ward alcalde of Santa Cruz, named by De Vargas upon 
 the re-settlement of the Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz de la 
 Canada. He was also the grantee to a piece of land south 
 of Santa Fe in the vicinity of the old pueblo of La Cien- 
 ega.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 5 
 
 Of those whose names appear on this archive, in the year 
 1696, the date when this grant to Ana de Archuleta was 
 made, Lorenzo Madrid (in those days the Spaniards had 
 not eliminated the "de" from their names) was an al- 
 calde at Santa Fe and a member of the caMldo. This 
 body at that time and during the last year of the term 
 of office of General De Vargas was composed of Francisco 
 Romero de Pedraza, Lazaro de Misquia, Diego Montoya, 
 Jose Garcia Jurado. Captain Lucero de Godoy was sec- 
 retary of the caiildo. 
 
 Domingo de Barreda was secretary of government and 
 of war. 
 
 Roque Madrid had been promoted by De Vargas from 
 sargento to t entente-general of cavalry, and he was also 
 alcalde of Santa Cruz. 
 
 CAPTAIN FRANCISCO MATTHEO LUZERO de 
 GODOY and Ana Maria, wife of Juan de Alderete, Ma- 
 ria Madalena and Francisca, his daughters, to Major 
 Francisco de Anaya Almazan. April 16, 1697. City 
 of Santa Fe. Before Captain Diego Arias de Quiros, 
 Alcalde. 
 
 Conveyance of a house and land in the City of Santa Fe. 
 This is an uncertified copy of the original deed. 
 
 Diego Arias de Quiros was a captain ; everyone of the 
 alcaldes under De Vargas and named by him was an of- 
 ficer in his army. 
 
 Note the date of this instrument. Bancroft says that 
 the grantee, Francisco Anaya Almazan, was drowned in 
 the Rio del Norte over a year before the date of this deed. 
 He errs, because the certificate shows that the grantee 
 "appeared." Francisco Joseph Casados was an alcalde 
 of Santa Fe in 1716. Archive 10, q. v. 
 
 ANTONIO GUTIERREZ de FIGUEROA to Antonio 
 
 de Aguilera. September 18, 1698. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Before Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. 
 
 Conveyance of land in the City of Santa Fe. Certified 
 copy by the Alcalde. 
 
 OLAYA DE OTON to Inez de Aspitia. September 15, 
 1700. City of Santa Fe. Before Antonio de Aguilera, 
 Alcalde. 
 
 Conveyance of house and land in the city of Santa Fe.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 AGUSTIN SAES and ANTONIA MARQUEZ to Juan 
 
 de Archibec. November 7, 1701. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Before Joseph Rodriguez, Alcalde. 
 
 House and land in the city of Santa Fe. 
 
 Juan de Archibec was "Jean L 'Archiveque. " His 
 widow married Don Bernardino de Sena, to whom was 
 granted the pueblo of Cuyamungue in 1731. This pueblo 
 was in existence as late as 1696, when it was finally aban- 
 doned, and three years later it was given to the Captain 
 Alonzo Rael de Aguilar. 
 
 JUAN DE ATIENZA, Protector of the Christian Indians 
 
 of New Mexico. Before Don Juan Ignacio Flores Mo- 
 
 gollon, Governor and Captain-General. 
 
 Question as to land alleged to have been granted to Jo- 
 seph Quiros and Antonio Duran de Armijo by Don Pedro 
 Rodriguez Cubero, governor and captain-general. Armijo 
 sold his part to the Indians of Pojoaque, and Quiros sold 
 his part to Miguel Tenorio de Alva, who also sold to the 
 same Indians. Baltazar Trujillo claimed to have bought 
 part of the land claimed by the Indians. This action was 
 begun in 1715 and decided the following year. There are 
 seventeen leaves in this archive. 
 
 Controversy relative to certain lands alleged to have 
 been sold to the Indians of Pojoaque by some Spaniards. 
 
 The "Protector" was a sort of "Indian Agent," named 
 by the government. His chief duty was to defend legally 
 the rights of the Indians. These protectores were estab- 
 lished at an early day. At first the prelates of the Indies, 
 bishops and archbishops, were the protectors. Philip 
 II established special official protectors. See Real 
 Cedula of January 10, 1589. Their duties were well de- 
 fined. They had no jurisdiction over the Indian and no 
 right to meddle in his affairs. Each Indian of New Spain 
 had to pay half a real toward defraying expenses incident 
 to any defense that became necessary in their behalf. See 
 Real Cedula of June 13, 1623. Philip IV. 
 
 This petition by Juan de Atienza, attorney for the In- 
 dians of New Mexico, relates to lands claimed by the 
 Indians of Pojoaque. He alleges that the Indians for- 
 merly held certain lands which Governor Pedro Rodriguez 
 Cubero saw fit to grant to Joseph de Quiros and Antonio 
 Duran de Armijo; that the latter sold his part to the In- 
 dians, transferring to them the grant made by Governor
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 7 
 
 Rodriguez ; that Quiros sold his part of the land to Miguel 
 Tenorio de Alva, who sold it to the Indians. The peti- 
 tioner further relates that almost half of the land bought 
 of Tenorio by the Indians is claimed by Baltazar Trujillo, 
 who states that he bought it of Tenorio, and who exhibits 
 a certified copy of a deed to the latter from Quiros. The 
 petitioner asks that such st^ps be taken as will enable 
 liim to appear before the governor of the kingdom in 
 such manner as to secure a decision favorable to the In- 
 dians. 
 
 This petition bears no date, but was presented to Jo- 
 seph Trujillo, chief alcalde and war-captain of the Villa 
 Nueva de Santa Cruz, on May 16, 1715. 
 
 That officer then took the testimony of the following 
 persons: Captain Miguel Tenorio de Alva, Captain Bal- 
 tazar Trujillo, an Indian named Juanillo, another named 
 Lucas de Abenbua, another named Francisco Canjuebe, 
 alias Bollo, and three others, named respectively Miguel, 
 Tomas, and Pablo. 
 
 This testimony seems to indicate that probably Tenorio 
 had sold a part of the land to the Indians and another 
 part to Trujillo, and that some of the Indians had not 
 paid their portion of the purchase price. Tenorio appears 
 to have considered the sale as one made to Indians indi- 
 vidually, and not to the pueblo of Pojoaque. 
 
 After the testimony was taken on the 17th and 24th 
 days of May, 1715, it was delivered to the Indians' attor- 
 ney, Juan de Atienza, in order that he might make such 
 use of it as he deemed proper in the interest of the In- 
 dians. 
 
 On June 12, 1715, Atienza presented to Governor Juan 
 Ygnacio Flores Mogollon a petition setting forth the steps 
 he had taken in the matter and asking that the governor 
 do justice to the Indians. 
 
 The governor at once appointed Alonzo (or Alfonso) 
 Rael de Aguilar to investigate the matter, and report to 
 him. 
 
 This officer, on June 14, 1715, issued an order for Cap- 
 tain Miguel Tenorio de Alba to present to him the titles 
 and papers upon which he based his right to sell the land 
 in question ; and on the same date he made an entry to 
 the effect that he had personally notified Tenorio and that 
 the latter had stated that he would obey the order. 
 
 On June 19, 1715, Tenorio made a written statement, 
 which he presented to Rael de Aguilar, in which he calls
 
 8 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 attention to a certified copy of a deed which he presents 
 for inspection, stating that the original thereof is in the 
 government archives. He also refers to the grant under 
 which Joseph de Quiros had held the lands in question, 
 which grant he states was made to Quiros and his son-in- 
 law, Antonio Duran de Armijo. He refers also to a me- 
 morial which he presented to the Marquis of Penuela (a 
 former governor of New Mexico) in regard to the Indians 
 being obliged to pay him what they still owed on the land. 
 
 The three documents referred to by Tenorio are parts 
 of this archive. The first begins on page 1 of leaf 16. It 
 is a copy of a deed, dated December 16, 1703, by Joseph 
 de Quiros to Miguel Tenorio de Alba, and the correctness 
 of the copy is certified to by Cristobal de Gongora, secre- 
 tary of the town council of Santa Fe. This deed is for a 
 portion of the land claimed by Quiros under the grant 
 made by Governor Rodriguez. The land sold is described 
 as consisting of three fanegas of corn-planting land, 
 which, according to calculations based on data found in 
 "Ordenanzas de Tierras y Aguas," by Mariano Galvan, 
 Paris, 1868, p. 164 (see also Hall's Mexican Law, p. 82), 
 would amount to about 26.45 acres. The boundaries are 
 described as follows: "On one side, which is that of the 
 north, by some hills, on the south by the river; on the 
 east by San Juan bluff ; and on the west by lands of Juan 
 Trujillo." The consideration was 130 pesos. 
 
 The second document cited by Tenorio begins on page 
 1 of leaf 14, of this archive. It consists of a petition by 
 Antonio Duran de Armijo and Joseph de Quiros, directed 
 to the governor and captain-general of New Mexico, ask- 
 ing for a grant of a piece of cultivable land located be- 
 tween the San Juan road and the Jacona bluffs. The 
 boundaries were: "On the north side, the hill as we go 
 to the new town (Santa Cruz de la Cailada) ; and on the 
 south side the river which comes from Pojoaque; and on 
 the east side the San Juan road ; and on the west side the 
 rocky bluffs (pefiascos) which look toward Jacona." This 
 petition was presented to Governor Pedro Rodriguez Cu- 
 bero on September 10, 1701, and on that date he made 
 the grant and ordered the chief alcalde of Santa Cruz, or 
 his deputy, to place the grantees in possession of the land. 
 On September 12, 1701, the chief alcalde, Roque Madrid, 
 gave the possession with the following boundaries: "On 
 the east side by a main road which goes to San Juan ; on 
 the west side by a precipitously crested red hill (im
 
 Duke of Alburquerque 
 Viceroy of ]\Iexico
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 9 
 
 creston Colorado) ; on the north side by the hills; and on 
 the south side by the river which comes down from the 
 pueblo of Nanihe. 
 
 Immediately after this act of possession, in a different 
 handwriting from any in the muniments, is the follow- 
 ing: "I transfer this grant to Francisco Canjuebe (Fran- 
 cisco Joseph Casados being witness) and he agrees to pay 
 me at harvest time. ' ' There is no signature. 
 
 The third document referred to by Tenorio is leaf 13 
 of this archive. It is what he terms a memorial. In it he 
 sets forth that he had sold to the Indians of Pojoaque 
 about three fanegas of corn planting land, for the same 
 price for which he had bought it — 130 pesos, and that 
 after the lapse of two years they were still in arrears on 
 the payment. He asks that they be compelled to pay him 
 what they owed him. In a marginal note dated April 10, 
 1712, the Marquis of Penuela, then governor of New Mex- 
 ico, to whom the memorial was directed, told Tenorio to 
 apply to the chief alcalde of Santa Cruz, or his deputy, 
 and ordered the latter to compel the Indians to pay the 
 debt or to cease using the land, which upon the re-payment 
 to the Indians of what they had advanced on it might be 
 sold by its owner to whomsoever he saw fit. 
 
 Tenorio 's statement of June 19, 1715, when presented 
 to Rael de Aguilar, was accompanied by the titles to the 
 land and other documentary evidence, as is shown by a 
 marginal note on the first page of leaf 9. 
 
 After Tenorio 's statement the next document, in chron- 
 ological order, is a petition by Juan de Atienza, attorney 
 for the Indians, calling attention to the proceedings had 
 in the time of Governor Juan Ignacio Flores MogoUon, 
 and asks that they be examined, and that justice be done 
 to the Indians. 
 
 This petition was presented to Felix Martinez, governor 
 of New Mexico, and on April 30, 1716, he issued an order 
 in which he states that as Alonso [Alfonso] Rael de 
 Aguilar had acted in connection with such proceedings 
 he was directed to present them to the governor for the 
 latter 's examination and decision. 
 
 Near the bottom of the second page of leaf 16, follow- 
 ing the certified copy of the deed from Joseph de Quiros 
 to Miguel Tenorio de Alba, is Rael de Aguilar 's state- 
 ment that the proceedings had not been concluded on ac- 
 count of the absence from Santa Fe of Juan de Atienza, 
 and because Rael de Aguilar 's commission had expired
 
 10 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 when Governor Martinez succeeded Governor Flores. But 
 he transmits the proceedings uncompleted to the governor 
 to be deposited in the archives. 
 
 8 DIEGO ARIAS de QUIROS, July 24, 1715. City of 
 
 Santa Fe. 
 
 Relative to the opening of a spring in the Cienega. The 
 court house and a number of private residences now oc- 
 cupy this tract, which was granted to the cahildo of Santa 
 Fe, August 20, 1715, as appears by the following, on file 
 in the office of the surveyor-general . File 4. 
 
 Copy of documents of 1715 referring to the cienepa, to 
 the streets of Santa Fe, and their being obstructedl by 
 buildings; mention is made of the "Calle Real de San 
 Francisco^' and of the old church of the same name on 
 the plaza. There is also a grant to the Captain Diego 
 Arias de Quiros of a spring and reservoir which he had 
 constructed in the cienega. 
 
 "I, Don Juan Ygnacio Flores Mogollon, governor and 
 captain-general of this kingdom and provinces of New 
 Mexico, and commander of its forces and garrisons for 
 his majesty, &c. Whereas, on the 24th day of the month 
 of July past, the illustrious cahildo of this town made a 
 presentation to me with regard to various matters, and 
 one of them was that, whereas the swamp (cienega) that 
 lies to one side of this castle, looking to the east, is royal 
 domain, that it should be adjudicated as municipal land 
 (propios) of the town, in the name of his majesty, so 
 that the inhabitants may enjoy the benefit and use of 
 cutting hay for their animals as they have done hereto- 
 fore and are doing until now, and because in an order 
 I issued at the foot of said presentation on the 27th day 
 of the said month of July, making provisions with regard 
 to the other points stated to me in said representation, I 
 say that because this petition is so justified, and because 
 the said swamp (cienega) is royal domain, I make it the 
 grant in the name of his majesty (whom may God pre- 
 serve), and I order that a portion of it should be executed 
 by virtue of the faculty conferred on me on account of 
 my office, I grant to the said illustrious cahildo the said 
 swamp (cienega) in the condition in which it is at pres- 
 ent, for the reason that a piece thereof has been adjudi- 
 cated to Captain Diego Arias de Quiros, on which he has 
 introduced himself for many days by farming on it; 
 likewise did I grant him a small spring of [torn] that he
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 11 
 
 had taken out making a tank in order to be able to irri- 
 gate [torn]. As all appears from the proceedings that 
 .[torn] spring or tank were formed [torn], cabildo, and 
 that he may become acquainted with all the points of his 
 representation, and the condition with which I have made 
 the said grant for the said tank and piece of swamp {cie- 
 nega), farmed by the said Captain Diego Arias, in order 
 that said illustrious cabildo may ask whenever he fails in 
 any of the circumstances with which I made him the 
 grant ; and likewise shall it be able to ask as against other 
 persons that having obstructed the inlets and outlets, and 
 ancient streets of this town, I order that testimonio of 
 said proceedings shall be given to it literally, said pro- 
 ceedings being now in the office of the secretary of this 
 government, in order that said illustrious cabildo may 
 keep it in its archive, and that it may there always ap- 
 pear; and of this grant, with regard that the swamp 
 (cienega) has been adjudicated to it record shall be made 
 (se tomare razon) in the book of grants and entries of 
 this government. It is done at this town of Santa Fe, of 
 New Mexico, on the 20th day of August, 1715, and I 
 signed it with my secretary of government and war. 
 * ' Don Juan Ygnacio Flores Mogollon 
 
 "By command of his excellency the governor and cap- 
 tain-general: RoQUE DE PiNTTO [nibric] 
 
 "Secretary of Government and War. 
 
 "I made the record on said day {toma la razon). ''^ 
 
 The question of title to lands in the " cienega^ ^ was not 
 finally settled until the Congress of the United States 
 empowered the City of Santa Fe to make quit-claim to 
 lands held within the areas prescribed by the act. The 
 title was in question shortly before the American Occupa- 
 tion, during the administration of Governor Mariano 
 Martinez. 
 
 9 JUAN ALONZO de MONDRAGON and SEBASTI- 
 ANA TRUXILLO to Francisca Antonio De Eguijosa. 
 Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz, IVIay 19, 1716. Before 
 Juan Garcia de las Rivas, Alcalde. 
 
 Conveyance of lands. This property is located in the 
 present county of Rio Arriba, New Mexico. 
 
 10 CRISTOBAL IVIARTIN and ANTONIO de MORAGA 
 to Captain Diego x\rias de Quiros. 1716. City of San- 
 ta Fe. Before Francisco Joseph Cassados, Alcalde.
 
 12 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Conveyance of lands in the city of Santa Fe. This item 
 is in a very badly damaged condition. 
 
 11 BERNARDO CASILLAS to Juan Estevan de Apodaca. 
 
 City of Santa Fe, December 29, 1716. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lands. County of Santa Fe. 
 Before Juan Garcia de las Rivas, Alcalde. 
 
 12 DIEGO ARIAS de QUIROS. March 23, 1717. City 
 
 of Santa Fe. Before Juan Paez Hurtado, Governor 
 
 and Captain-General. 
 
 Grant of a lead mine, situate five leagues from Santa Fe, 
 between La Cienega and La Cieneguilla. This is in the 
 southern part of the county of Santa Fe, near the mining 
 district at one time called the Bonanza; about nine miles 
 from Los Cerrillos, on the line of the Atchison, Topeka 
 and Santa Fe Railway. In this locality afterwards were 
 found and located many prospects, and mines bearing 
 silver, lead, and zinc. The famous turquoise mines are 
 close by. 
 
 De Vargas re-assumed the office of governor and cap- 
 tain-general on November 10, 1703. In the spring of the 
 year following he inaugurated and led a campaign against 
 the Faraon Apaches, in the Sandia mountains; he was 
 taken ill while upon this campaign and died suddenly at 
 Bernalillo, April 8, 1704. His remains were taken to 
 Santa Fe and were buried in the church. See archive 
 1027 ; his will. 
 
 Bancroft says that Don Francisco Cuervo y Valdez as- 
 sumed the office of governor ad interim on March 10, 1705. 
 This is a mistake. Six months before this date, August 4, 
 1704, he was already in office, as a suit at law involving 
 the title to lands was tried before him. See archive 295, 
 Antonio Bas Gonzales vs. Diego Arias de Quiros. Don 
 Juan Paez Hurtado, the friend of De Vargas, did not 
 serve, as Bancroft says, until March 10, 1705, for the 
 reason that on August 4, 1704, he was present at this trial 
 and signed the proceedings. 
 
 13 JUAN DE ARCHIVEQUE. 1721. 
 
 Inventory and partition of his estate; made by the Cap- 
 tain Bueno de Bohorquez y Corcuera. In the City of 
 Santa Fe. The item contains ninety-eight pages. 
 
 With it is a document of four pages, being a certified 
 copy of an order of the viceroy of New Spain defining
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 13 
 
 the boundary line between Niieva Vizcaya and Niievo 
 Mexico. The original order was dated at the City of 
 Mexico, August 2, 1682. See note to archive 6, ante. 
 
 Ad. F. Bandelier was the first writer in English to 
 identify this man as the Jean LArcheveque of the ill- 
 fated La Salle expedition. An account of his purchase 
 from the Texas Indians by Governor Alonzo Leon is given 
 by Palacio Rivas in his A Traves de Los Siglos, published 
 several years prior to Mr. Bandelier 's article appearing in 
 the Nation, August 30, 1888, as follows : 
 
 ''Two months ago, while searching the archives of the 
 Pueblo of Ka-Po or Santa Clara (New Mexico) for docu- 
 ments of historical import, in behalf of the Hemenway 
 Southwestern Archaeological Expedition, my attention 
 was drawn, among others, to the great number of manu- 
 scripts called in Spanish Diligencias matrimoniales. They 
 are investigations made on the petition of parties apply- 
 ing for license to marry, and consist in the main of the 
 application of him or her, and of the examination of wit- 
 nesses in regard to the standing of the applicants, their 
 relations towards each other, etc. Among these I found 
 one at Santa Clara headed: 'Ynformacion de Pedro 
 Meusnier, frances. — 1699.' The fact that Frenchmen 
 should be found in New Mexico at such an early date, 
 and in face of the stringent laws of Spain against the 
 admittance of foreigners into the colonies, appeared in- 
 teresting. My interest soon increased upon discovering 
 that Meusnier had come over to America in the fleet com- 
 manded by 'Monsieur de La Sala' in 1684. This is testi- 
 fied to by two witnesses, one of whom signs himself Juan 
 de Archeveque, while the other, rather illiterate, has not 
 signed, but states in his deposition that he is a native of 
 La Rochelle, and his name is given as 'Santiago Groslee. ' 
 Both these witnesses claim to have come over with Meus- 
 nier in the same fleet, and in the year 1684 also. Both 
 Meusnier and Archeveque were in 1699 soldiers of the 
 garrison of Santa Fe ; Groslee was a resident of that town. 
 
 "There was only one LArcheveque in La Salle's ill- 
 fated expedition, and the evidence seemed quite conclu- 
 sive that this was the one whose signature I had before 
 me at Santa Clara. Mr. Parkman, to whom I communi- 
 cated the fact, also inclined to the belief that he was the 
 fellow who enticed La Salle into the fatal snare, while 
 Groslee seemed to be GroUet, the sailor. I have since 
 found the latter as Grolle and Groli in two official docu-
 
 14 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 ments now in my possession. As late as 1705 he was a 
 resident of the little town of Bernalillo, on the Rio 
 Grande. Of Meusnier I have not been able to find any 
 further trace as yet. 
 
 ''But the chief interest to me rested in the person of 
 LArcheveque, the more so since there is to-day in New 
 Mexico a family calling themselves Archibeque, and of 
 whom it is surmised, at least, that they are of French 
 descent. Furthermore, I had met, in documents ante- 
 dating 1720, the name and declarations of a Captain Juan 
 de Archeveque. It was but natural to suspect that the 
 Captain of the War Councils of 1715 and of 1720 was 
 the same man as the private soldier of 1699 ; the more so 
 since at the latter council, where the project of the ill- 
 fated reconnoissance to the Arkansas river was discussed, 
 the said Capt. Archibeque strongly recommended it, al- 
 leging in its favor, along other reasons, that it would 
 procure definite information in regard to 'his country- 
 men the French.' 
 
 "Researches at the archives of the U. S. Surveyor- 
 General's office at Santa Fe brought to light documents 
 which impart valuable information. There is in the first 
 place a transfer to Juan de Archibeque, 'a soldier,' of 
 certain real estate in Santa Fe, in the year 1701. Lastly 
 there is the Inventory of the goods and chattels of the 
 Captain Juan de Archibeque, a Frenchman, bearing date 
 1720. From this manuscript we gather that our man ac- 
 companied the expedition to the Arkansas which he had 
 so strongly advocated, and that he, with some forty-three 
 other Spaniards, was killed there by the Pawnee Indians 
 on the 17th of August of the same year. 
 
 "We further gather that Archibeque was twice mar- 
 ried, and left two legitimate and two illegitimate chil- 
 dren; that after leaving the military service he became 
 a successful trader, extending his trading tours to Sonora, 
 and sometimes buying directly at the City of Mexico. His 
 estate, after settlement, yielded 6,118 pesos to the heirs, 
 an amount quite respectable at the time. Upon a second 
 visit to Santa Clara I found there at last the Diligencia 
 matrimonial of L'Archeueque alias Archibeque. It bears 
 date 1697, and his (first) wife was the widow of Thomas 
 de Ytta, murdered in 1694 near Zacatecas by a mulatto. 
 She herself was a native of Tezcuco, in the valley of 
 Mexico. ' '
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 15 
 
 Felipe de Tamaris, a soldier of the Santa Fe garrison, 
 who had accompanied Villasiir to the Platte, brought the 
 news of the defeat of the Spaniards by the French and 
 Pawnees, on the 6th of September, 1720. There were 
 a few other survivors. 
 
 14 JOSEPH DE ATIENZA. Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz. 
 April 14, 1722. 
 
 A petition for land. It was referred on the same day to 
 Captain Alonzo Rael de Aguilar by Don Juan Domingo 
 de Bustamante, governor and captain-general. 
 
 Captain Alonzo Rael de Aguilar was one of the re- 
 conquistadores ; he was secretary of government and war. 
 
 The tract known as "Cerrillos" was granted to him by 
 General De Vargas at the time of the first entrada, as ap- 
 pears from the following archives: 
 
 On the 20th of April, 1788, Josef Miguel de la Pefia 
 asked for a piece of land called "Los Cerrillos" which 
 said tract "when this province was conquered belonged 
 to Don Alonzo Rael de Aguilar, who was my wife, Maria 
 Rael's grandfather, and having left it so many years un- 
 occupied, and Don Alonzo having lost the right he had to 
 it," possession was given to the applicant and the other 
 heirs of Don Alonzo de Aguilar by Don Josef Antonio 
 Ortiz under orders of the lieutenant-colonel and political 
 governor, Don Fernando de la Concha; the boundaries 
 of the land being on the north the Canada Gulcu and 
 lands of Los Bacas ; on the south by the Cerros Altos ; on 
 the east by the road that goes to Galisteo. Mention is 
 made of lands belonging to Don Cleto Miera y Pacheco. 
 Josef Miguel de la Pena, for the sum of $450.00, in 1791, 
 sold the property to Don Cleto de Miera. This property 
 later belonged to Colonel Manuel Delgado, who was sec- 
 ond in command in New Mexico under General de la 
 Concha. Upon this property was a mine known as the 
 "Mina del Toro." 
 
 The heirs in the year 1750 of the conquistador Alfonso 
 Rael de Aguilar were: Eusebio de Aguilar; Juan Rael 
 de Aguilar; Antonia Teresa Rael de Aguilar; Francisco 
 Rael de Aguilar; and children of the deceased Alfonso 
 Rael de Aguilar, and the children of Feliciano Rael de 
 Aguilar. Don Diego de Vargas granted the Cerrillos tract 
 to the elder Alfonso Rael de Aguilar. In the year 1696 
 the elder Rael de Aguilar retired from Los Cerrillos by the 
 order of General de Vargas, where he had lived four years
 
 16 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 and built houses, the ruins of which were visible in 1750. 
 In that year Juan Rael de Aguilar, one of the heirs, was 
 in the city of Santa Fe, but he was then a resident of the 
 city of Chihuahua, but was willing to return "as soon as 
 your excellency shall deign to concede us the said grant. ' ' 
 The original grant to Alonso Rael de Aguilar, the sec- 
 retary of government and war under De Vargas, was as 
 follows : 
 
 "His Excellency the Governor and Captain-General: 
 "I, Ensign Alfonso Rael de Aguilar, a soldier and sec- 
 retary of state and war of this province of New Mexico, 
 by appointment of your excellency, before whom I ap- 
 pear and state : That considering that this said province 
 of Mexico is now reduced and conquered, it having cost 
 your excellency much watching, much care, and great 
 expense, I enter a tract of land situated from this city 
 of Santa Fe from four to five leagues, and called the 
 Cerrillos tract, for which your excellency will please make 
 me in the name of His Majesty a grant, as one of the 
 conquering soldiers that have come with your excellency, 
 which tract of land I ask, with its entrances, and exits, 
 uses and customs, as well as the water, pasturage, and 
 watering-places, as the same were enjoyed by the former 
 settlers of the tract. I ask and pray in due humility that 
 your excellency be pleased to concede and make me, in 
 the name of His Majesty, a grant for said tract of land, 
 as I am a poor married man, with children, and I trust 
 that your excellency will grant me, as I have requested; 
 and I declare in due form of law that this my petition 
 and entry is not made in dissimulation, and as may be 
 necessary, etc. Alfonso Rael de Aguilar. ' ' 
 
 "At this fortified town and garrison aforementioned, 
 of the city of Santa Fe, in the province of New Mexico, on 
 the 18th day of the month of September, in the year 1692, 
 before me, Diego de Vargas Zapata y Lujan Ponce de Leon, 
 His Majesty's governor and captain general of this said 
 province, and its domain and districts and castellan of the 
 forces and garrisons therein, the foregoing petition was 
 presented by the petitioner, who is a soldier at this gar- 
 rison, and my secretary of state and war, and in consider- 
 ation of his services and of the loyalty with which he has 
 served, and the love he has borne His Majesty, I, the said 
 governor and captain general do, in the name of His 
 Majesty, make him a grant for the land, together with its
 
 -yyT-a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Page from Oldest Archive in Office of Surveyor-General 
 With Signature of Don Antonio Otermin, Governor and Captain- 
 General of New Mexico
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 17 
 
 pasturage, waters, timber, watering-places, uses and cus- 
 toms, and the appurtenances, so that at his will he may, 
 'God, the father willing,' enjoy the same for himself and 
 his heirs, as the will of our Lord, the King, in whose 
 royal name, and in consideration of the merits and services 
 of the party, I do make to him the said grant. In testi- 
 mony whereof I signed this with two \vitnesses, the same 
 being the captain and ensign of this garrison, and I re- 
 turned to the party the said petition, and the granting de- 
 cree thereon, in the presence of Sergeant Major Fernando 
 de Chavez and Captain Antonio Jorge, residents of this 
 said province, and participants in the said conquest. 
 
 "Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponce de Leon 
 "RoQUE Madrid 
 ' ' Juan de Digs Luzero de Godoy ' ' 
 
 Don Juan Domingo de Bustamante had been exercising 
 the functions of governor and captain-general a little over 
 a month at the time this petition was presented. He was 
 governor during two terms, the second ending in 
 1731. He was a great Indian campaigner and led 
 all the campaigns during his rule. It was during 
 his administration that the controversy arose between 
 the Franciscans and the bishop of Durango. In this 
 controversy Rael de Aguilar took side with the frayles, 
 while General Juan Paez Hurtado, a companion in 
 arms, was against them. Bustamante was tried on the 
 charge of "illegal trade" and found guilty. 
 
 This archive proves conclusively that the Estancia of 
 Los Cerrillos was occupied before the rebellion of 1680. 
 
 Diego Arias de Quiros, in addition to being an alcalde, 
 was a captain. All of the prominent soldiers also occu- 
 pied civil positions. In this way a great deal of com- 
 plaint arose on the part of the Franciscan friars, although 
 a search of all available records does not sustain the charge 
 that the officers were brutal in their treatment of the In- 
 dians, although it is rather apparent that the officers made 
 everything possible in a pecuniary way out of their po- 
 sitions, both civil and military. 
 
 F. Carlos Delgado in his Informe says that the alcaldes 
 M'cre creatures of the governor, each one appointed on con- 
 dition that he make all he can and divide with the gov- 
 ernor. It is certain that the Spaniards made the Indians 
 pay quite a tax in the shape of cotton cloths, working in 
 the fields, etc.
 
 18 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 The father of Roque Madrid had a rancho near the 
 Cerrillos. Captain Roque Madrid worked a prospect at 
 Cerrillos for the purpose of obtaining lead for the guns of 
 the Spanish soldiers. 
 
 It was also said that the governors sent to New Mexico 
 were compelled to pay tribute to the viceroys to whom 
 they owed their appointments. See letter of Fr. Suarez 
 where he says: ''Pero, muy catolico Rey y Senor, como 
 los que vienen son criados de los virreyes, o compran los 
 officios, &c. ' ' 
 
 In the beginning, subsequent to the conquest of Mexico 
 by Hernando Cortes, it seems that all of&ces were given 
 more as favors than as rewards for services to the crown. 
 
 General Juan Paez Hurtado had special charge of the 
 colonists who came back with De Vargas in 1693. When 
 charges were preferred against De Vargas, Hurtado was 
 also accused. His arrest was ordered by Governor Cu- 
 bero ; he M^as charged with defrauding the colonists of 
 half the royal allowance to each; after the death of De 
 Vargas he served as governor ad interim until the arrival 
 of Governor Cuervo y Valdes, in the summer of 1704. 
 Governor Cuervo commissioned him as general. In 1715 
 he made a campaign against the Apaches. In 1716, when 
 Governor Martinez was ordered to report to the viceroy at 
 Mexico, Martinez tried to leave him in charge at Santa 
 Fe as governor; he probably filled the office for a short 
 period until Valverde assumed the office ; he was lieuten- 
 ant-general in 1724. 
 
 De Vargas's term of office expired in 1696, but he was 
 still in office in that year ; see archive No. 2. 
 
 Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero took possession of the 
 office of governor on the 4th of July, 1697. He had a 
 commission as juez de residencia; De Vargas gave up the 
 office unwillingly and Cubero became his enemy; the 
 cahildo of Santa Fe were enemies of De Vargas because 
 he kept his promises with the Indians and restored cap- 
 tives who were slaves and servants of the Spanish settlers 
 and officers; he treated De Vargas very cruelly; found 
 him guilty of charges of embezzlement. Cubero made a 
 tour of the pueblos of the province. In 1703, Cubero 
 learned that De Vargas had been exonerated and re-ap- 
 pointed and left the country without meeting De V., who 
 was now Marques de la Nava de Brazinas. He was after- 
 wards made governor of Maracaibo and died in Mexico 
 the year after he left Santa Fe.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 19 
 
 15 IGNACIO LOSANO to Joseph de Armijo. May 15, 
 1727. City of Santa Fe. Before Diego Arias de Quiros, 
 Alcalde. 
 
 Conveyance of a house and land. 
 
 16 ANTONIA and FRANCISCA MAESE to Alonzo Rael 
 
 de Aguilar. June 10, 1727. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Diego Arias de Quiros, Al- 
 calde. One of these grantees was the wife of Nicolas 
 Ortiz Niiio Ladron de Guevara, who was an owner in the 
 Caja del Rio Grant. 
 
 17 MIGUEL DE ARCHIVEQUE. 
 
 August 14, 1727. City of Santa Fe. Will. He was the 
 son of Captain Juan de Archibeque. 
 
 18 LORENZO GRIEGO to Teresa Ansures. December 
 
 ber 20, 1734. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Geronimo Xaramillo, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 19 JUANA MARTIN to Juan de Apodaca. September 
 
 20, 1734. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Antonio de Uribarri, Alcalde. 
 Antonio de Uribarri was also a captain. He took part 
 in the troubles between the bishop of Durango and the 
 Franciscans. He held the position of alcalde of Santa Fe 
 for more than fifteen years. The alcalde mayor of Santa 
 Fe at this time was Francisco Bueno de Bohorques y 
 Corcuera, who was also a captain in the army. There 
 seem to have been four alcaldes of Santa Fe at this time. 
 
 20 LAZARO DE ATIENSA versus ANTONIO MARTIN. 
 
 Suit over land. September 30, 1735. Before Juan Este- 
 ban Garzia de Noriega, Alcalde. Sitio del Ojo Caliente, 
 Bio Arriba county, New Mexico. Before Gervasio Cruzat 
 y Gongora, Governor and Captain-General. 
 
 Juan Estevan Garcia de Noriega was the son of Juan 
 Garcia de Noriega, an officer under Cruzate and later 
 with De Vargas. 
 
 Don Gervasio Cruzat y Gongora held the office of gov- 
 ernor five years, succeeding Don Juan Domingo de Busta- 
 mante in the year 1731. He took evidence for the bishop 
 of Durango in his contest with the Franciscans. It is
 
 20 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 certain that he was acting in 1731 : see archive 317. He 
 founded a mission of Jicarilla Apaches on the Rio Tram- 
 pas, Taos county, in 1733. Fr. Juan Mirabal was the 
 Franciscan who looked after this mission. Fr. Mirabal 
 thought that inasmuch as the Jicarillas were Christians 
 they had a right to make war on the Comanches, who 
 were not. 
 
 21 JUANA DE LOS REYES PEREA to Francisco Angel. 
 
 September 20, 1738. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Captain Antonio Montoya, 
 Alcalde. Antonio Montoya was a celebrated Indian 
 fighter. 
 
 22 ANTONIO de ULIBARRI to Francisco Xavier Angel. 
 
 August 5, 1738. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of lands. Before Captain Antonio Montoya, 
 Alcalde. 
 
 23 PASCUALA PADILLA to Agustin de Arcliibeque. 
 May 17, 1739. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of lands. Before Antonio Montoya, Alcalde, 
 Agustin de Archibeque was the son of Juan de Archi- 
 veque. 
 
 24 JUAN JOSE DE ARCHULETA. August 20, 1742. 
 City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Grant made by Governor and Captain-General Don Gas- 
 par Domingo de Mendoza. This tract of land lies about 
 a mile below the City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Don Caspar Domingo de Mendoza was appointed gov- 
 ernor on May 12, 1737, but did not assume the duties of 
 his office until the month of January, 1739. He contin- 
 ued in office until 1743. In 1740, some Frenchmen came 
 into the province by way of Taos, two of whom remained 
 at Santa Fe. One of these was named Louis Marie; he 
 had some trouble with the authorities, and was shot in 
 the plaza by order of Mendoza. There were nine of them 
 in the party. Villaseiior says they settled near Albur- 
 querque; this must be the settlement near Isleta, called 
 Canada and later Fuenclara and Limpia Concepcion. 
 
 Among these Frenchmen were the Mallet brothers. They 
 came from the French settlements on the Mississippi 
 river. They folloM^ed up the Missouri river for a long 
 distance, thinking that was the route. They found out
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 21 
 
 from some Aricara Indians that they were mistaken and 
 were shown by them the route. They arrived at Santa 
 Fe July 22, 1739, and on the first of May, 1740, leaving 
 two of them at Santa Fe; only three went back and these 
 returned by way of the Pawnee villages; some of them 
 returned by way of the Arkansas river and the Mississippi 
 to New Orleans, it is stated. 
 
 The next Frenchman to come to Santa Fe was Baptiste 
 LaLande, who came there in 1804. At least he told Ma- 
 jor Zebulon Pike, in 1807, that he had been in Santa Fe 
 three years. 
 
 During the administration of Don Joachim Codallos y 
 Rabal, who succeeded Mendoza, thirty-three Frenchmen 
 visited the Jicarillas and Comanches and sold them a lot 
 of guns. Governor Codallos thought that some of those 
 who had come in 1739 were in this party and that the 
 French were hostile in their intentions. 
 
 25 JUAN ANTONIO ARCHULETA and LEONARDO 
 GONZALES. 
 
 A grant of land. September 4, 1742. City of Santa Fe. 
 Made by Don Gaspar Domingo de Mendoza, governor and 
 captain-general. The land is situate near Santa Fe, close 
 by a little hill called " Serrito de Lara." 
 
 26 VICENTE de ARMIJO. 
 
 Will. November 15, 1743. City of Santa Fe. Before 
 Don Antonio de Ulibarri, Alcalde. 
 
 The full name of this "re-conquistador" was Vinceute 
 Duran de Armijo. In 1739, he made application to Gov- 
 ernor Mendoza for a tract of land near the pueblo of 
 Nambe. The petition recites several points of historical 
 interest, and the disposition to guard the interests of the 
 Indians is manifest in the act of possession, both of which 
 are as follows : 
 
 ''To His Excellency, the Governor and Captain-gen- 
 eral: 
 "Vincente Duran de Armijo, resident of the Villa de 
 Santa Fe, and settler and conqueror of the Kingdom of 
 New Mexico, appears at your excellency 's feet in the most 
 approved manner the law allows, and states : That having 
 experienced innumerable sufferings and hunger and 
 nakedness, and other misfortunes we have undergone in 
 this poor kingdom, on account of having lost our personal 
 labor in our corn and wheat fields, with which we were
 
 22 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 to meet our obligations, owing to the scarcity of water in 
 the river running through the city, which arises from 
 the absence of rain for some time back, and our personal 
 labor upon our grain crops being useless as they have all 
 failed; and having been one of the settlers of this king- 
 dom from the year '94, and always ready armed and 
 equipped, at my own expense, to go upon any campaign 
 or expedition whenever required as a loyal subject of 
 His Majesty, whom may God preserve; This, sir, has 
 always been [torn] having been in the army which has 
 gone on said campaigns and expeditions against the hos- 
 tile Indians who inhabit these parts of the kingdom at 
 this time. Sir, I have by my exertions accumulated a 
 little capital with a great risk to my life by making jour- 
 neys to the outer country, and have become the owner 
 of a certain amount of live stock which is not secure from 
 the hostile attacks of the Indians, who on certain occa- 
 sions inhabit the country where my stock is pastured ; 
 and I have had warning from two cows belonging to me 
 which have been killed by the enemy during the present 
 year, 
 
 "I have seen proper to register a piece of land which 
 is a surplus beyond the lands of the friendly Indians of 
 the pueblo of Nambc, without disturbing the pastures or 
 waters upon which the herds of this royal garrison or the 
 animals of the aforesaid Indians are pastured, nor any 
 other person using said lands. It contains about six 
 fanegas of wheat and two of corn, and its boundaries are 
 as follows: on the north it is bounded by an arroyo; on 
 the south by the lands of Bernardo de Sena; on the east 
 by a mountain; on the west by lands of the aforemen- 
 tioned Indians of Nambe. 
 
 "This piece of land, in the name of the King, our sov- 
 ereign, whom may God preserve — [torn] — four fam- 
 ilies whom I have emancipated — my children, that the 
 piece of land 'in this city is not sufficient for all ; and by 
 granting us the aforesaid land we may receive some ben- 
 efit from our labor, and my cattle will be secure from 
 the enemy, to be with pastures and watering places, and 
 that royal permission be given me in the name of His 
 Majesty; and I swear that this, my petition is not made 
 through malice, etc. Vincente Duran de Armijo" 
 
 ROTAL POSSESSION 
 
 "In the City of Santa Fe, capital of the kingdom of 
 New Mexico, on the twenty-fifth day of September, in
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 23 
 
 the year one thousand seven hundred and thirty-nine, I, 
 Don Gaspar Domingo de Mendoza, governor and captain- 
 general of said Kingdom hy his Majesty, whom may God 
 preserve, having seen the above, considered it as pre- 
 sented, and having ascertained its contents, I ordered that 
 possession be given to the petitioner of the land he solicits. 
 It is not, however the land he mentions in his petition, 
 the Indians of the adjoining pueblo having objected to 
 his having the land he asks for ; although I caused the 
 Indians of said pueblo to appear before me, who before 
 the petitioner, declared themselves pleased that the land 
 should be given to him in the vicinity of their pueblo 
 where no injury would result to them. Therefore, I or- 
 der and direct the senior justice of the proper jurisdic- 
 tion to proceed to place him in possession of said lands 
 in the name of His Majesty, in order that he may settle 
 upon, cultivate and improve them according to the royal 
 decrees, for himself, children, heirs, successors and others 
 having a better right thereto ; establishing his boundaries 
 with all the formalities required in the royal grants, so 
 that by virtue of these formalities all difficulties may be 
 prevented in the future. I so provided, signed and or- 
 dered with my attending witnesses, acting by appoint- 
 ment, in the absence of a royal or public notary, there 
 being none in this Kingdom, and on this common paper, 
 there being none which is stamped. 
 
 "Don Gaspar Domingo de Mendoza 
 
 ' ' Witnesses : 
 
 ' ' Diego de Ugarte 
 
 "Joseph de Terrus" 
 
 "On the fifth day of the month of October of the 
 present year, one thousand seven hundred and thirty- 
 nine, I, the senior justice and war-captain of the new city 
 of Santa Cruz and its districts, by virtue of the decree 
 of his excellency the governor and captain-general, Don 
 Gaspar Domingo de Mendoza, T proceeded to the pueblo 
 of Namhe within my jurisdiction, taking with me five 
 witnesses to act in that capacity, and three of whom were 
 to act as instrumental and two as my attending witnesses, 
 with whom I acted, and these being present with the par- 
 ties, Vincente Duran de Armijo and the Cacique and old 
 men, natives of the pueblo, with the governor and other 
 authorities of the aforesaid pueblo of Namhc, I read to 
 them the foregoing document presented by Vincente Du- 
 ran de Armijo. I also read to them, in a clear and audi- 
 ble voice, the provisions made by the said governor and
 
 24 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 captain-general, where his excellency directs and orders 
 that possession be given to him of the lands the petition 
 asks for, but afterwards the Indians of the aforemen- 
 tioned pueblo, having made opposition on the ground that 
 the granting of the land asked for by the petitioner would 
 be a great injury to them, although it did not belong to 
 the pueblo, they voluntarily agreed to give to the said 
 Vincente Duran de Armijo a piece of land for himself, 
 his children, heirs and successors from the lands of the 
 pueblo, in the place of that he asked for, and which would 
 be so much to their injury. In view of which his excel- 
 lency provides that he shall not have the lands he asks 
 for, but that which may be selected with the consent of 
 the Indians, and I, the said senior justice, as aforesaid, 
 all the natives of the aforesaid pueblo being present and 
 informed of his excellency's order, and of all that had 
 been agreed upon Avith the said Vincente in the presence 
 of the said governor and captain-general, they stated 
 that they would assign, and did assign, to the said Vin- 
 cente Duran de Armijo a piece of land to the west of the 
 said pueblo of Namhe, on the borders of their lands; that 
 on the said western side a small portion is bounded by 
 lands of the pueblo of Pojoaque, whose boundary is an 
 arroyo which runs into the Bio Nanihe, that is on the 
 southern side of said river of Nartihe, and on the east by 
 a stone mound and a medium sized cedar, which is the 
 boundary between the pueblo and the said Vincente ; and 
 on the north this little piece is bounded by said river and 
 on the south by an acequia, which runs along the foot of 
 some barren hills, the distance being cords of fifty varas 
 each from the river aforesaid to the said acequia; and the 
 large piece of land which they gave to the said Armijo, 
 which is north of said river, contains seven hundred and 
 forty varas in latitude, which is understood to be from 
 east to west, and from north to south it contains five hun- 
 dred and fifty varas ; the boundaries of which are : on the 
 north some stone mounds scattered along some barren 
 hills, which form the boundary of the lands of General 
 Juan Paez Hurtado, and on the south is bounded by the 
 river of said pueblo ; on the east the boundary is a cross, 
 on the side of the main road and lands of the Indians of 
 said town; and on the west lands of General Juan Paez 
 Hurtado, which boundaries are marked by several 
 mounds of stone, and on one of them is a holy cross, 
 which is to serve as a boundary and division, of which 
 two pieces of land I gave him royal possession. I took
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 25 
 
 him by the hand and walked with him over said lands. 
 He threw stones, pulled up grass, and cried aloud, saying 
 long life to the King, in whose royal name I left him in 
 quiet and peaceable possession ; and he offered to culti- 
 vate and settle the same, as directed by royal decrees, 
 under penalty of forfeiture, as directed by his Majesty 
 in his royal orders ; and in order that said possession and 
 the consent and agreement had with the said Vincente 
 Duran de Armijo by the aforesaid Indians be placed upon 
 record, I certify that such has been the case, and I 
 signed, with my undersigned attending witnesses, An- 
 tonio Trujillo, Tomas Madrid and Gregorio Garduno, be- 
 ing instrumental; the last having been selected by the 
 Cacique and authorities of the pueb]o at their request to 
 sign for them the name of the aforesaid Indians, knowing 
 not how to do so themselves ; and as aforestated I so 
 acted and signed mth those in my attendance in the ab- 
 sence of a royal or public notary, there being none in 
 this kingdom, and on this common paper, the stamp not 
 being in use in these parts; to all of which I certify. 
 "Juan Garcia de Mora, Acting Justice. 
 
 ' ' Witnesses : 
 
 ' ' Nicolas Ortiz 
 
 "Franco. Garduno 
 
 "At the request of the natives of the Pueblo of Namde. 
 
 ' ' Gregorio Garduno ' ' 
 
 Don Gaspar Ortiz, a prominent New Mexican, inher- 
 ited this property from his grandfather, Gaspar Ortiz, 
 who purchased it from Vincente Duran de Armijo. The 
 elder Gaspar Ortiz lived upon the property from 1789 
 until 1824, when he died. 
 
 27 ANTONIO TAFOYA ALTAMIRANO. 
 
 Will, partition and division of property. February 18, 
 1844. Town of El Paso del Rio del Norte. The will is a 
 copy certified by Alonzo Victores Rubin de Zelis, Alcalde 
 of El Paso. 
 
 The partition was made upon the petition to Bernardo 
 de Bustamante de Tagle before Francisco Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 28 INHABITANTS OF ABIQUIU and OJO CALIENTE. 
 
 Petition for permission to remove. Before Juan de Bey- 
 tia, Alcalde, and Don Joachin Cod alios y Rabal, Gov- 
 ernor and Captain-General, 1748. 
 
 The settlers of Ojo CaUentc, Ahiquiu, and Puchlo Que- 
 niado asked to remove to places of greater security.
 
 26 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 The inhabitants desired to remove on account of the 
 Indian outrages of 1747. The Indians were the Utes. 
 Ojo Caliente is about 6,250 feet above sea level; there 
 are some fine hot medicinal springs there. Three great 
 pueblo ruins are found there. They are Houiri, Homayo, 
 and Poseuingge. The last named is near the baths 
 (springs). The story of "Montezuma" comes from the 
 legend of Poseuingge. 
 
 The modern plaza of Abiquiu stands on the very site of 
 an ancient pueblo. The old pueblo, it is said, was peo- 
 pled by Genkaros, Indian captives, whom the Spaniards 
 had rescued from their captors. The ruins lie on the 
 highest point of the present town. This pueblo is of 
 pre-Spanish origin. Nobody dwelt there in the sixteenth or 
 seventeenth centuries. This was not the pueblo occupied by 
 the Genizaros. There were two settlements made at Abiquiu 
 in the eighteenth century. The first was by the settlers 
 who made this petition to the governor, as it was raided 
 on the 12th of August, 1747, in which a number of settlers 
 were killed and the rest compelled to leave it. 
 
 It was re-settled in 1754, and Fr. Juan Jose Toledo was 
 the priest. The settlers continued to have trouble with 
 the Utes and the Navajos. They left, but Governor 
 Mendinueta compelled them to return to their homes in 
 1770. The mission at this place was called Santo Tomas 
 de Ahiquiil. In 1779, there were 851 people living here 
 and in the immediate vicinity. In the year 1808, there 
 were 122 Indians, 1,815 whites and half-breeds. So says 
 Fr. Josef Benito Pereyro in his Noticias de las Missiones, 
 etc., Ms. The name of the old pueblo, according to the 
 Indians of San Juan M^as Fe-jiu. Some of the Indians 
 called it Jo-so-ge. Jo-so is the name by which the Tehuas 
 knew the Moquis. 
 
 The old pueblos near Ojo Caliente are probably of the 
 same period as the old pueblo at Abiquiu. They certainly 
 were not inhabited when the Spanish explorers in the 
 sixteenth century went as far north as Taos (Barba). 
 
 General De Vargas passed by the ruins in 1694, but he 
 is mistaken as to what they were, as they were not the 
 ruins of old San Gabriel. See his Relacion Sumaria de 
 las Operaciones militares del Ano de 1694, Ms., Washing- 
 ton, Library of Congress. 
 
 Don Joachin Codallos y Rabal was governor and cap- 
 tain-general of New Mexico from 1743 to 1749. During- 
 his administration 440 Moquis came to see him, asking- 
 protection and frayles. It is more than likely that a num-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 27 
 
 ber of these Moquis were settled at Ahiquiu in the pueblo 
 of ^^Genizaros" and this accounts for the Tehua appella- 
 tion given the pueblo of Jo-so-ge. 
 
 29 PEOPLE OF ALAMEDA. 
 
 Relative to Joseph Montano having come upon their 
 lands. January 20, 1750. Before Miguel Lucero, Al- 
 calde. Don Tomas Veles Cachupin, Governor and Cap- 
 tain-General. 
 
 30 SEBASTIAN de VARGAS to Antonio Duran de Arm- 
 ijo. July 24, 1751. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of lands. Before Manuel Gallegos, Alcalde. 
 
 31 JULIAN RAEL de AGUILAR. 
 
 Proceedings in the matter of a contested will. 1751. 
 Before Don Tomas Veles Cachupin, Governor and Cap- 
 tain-General. 
 
 32 MANUEL MARTIN to Nicolas de Apodaca. June 
 
 7, 1751. At San Francisco Xavier del Pueblo Quemado. 
 
 Rio Arriba county. 
 
 Before Juan Joseph Sandoval, Alcalde. Conveyance of 
 land. 
 
 Juan Leon; Felipe Romero. 
 
 33 MARIA DE HERRERA, widow of Captain Antonio 
 
 Martin, to Vicente Apodaca. April 5, 1753. Santa 
 
 Cruz del Ojo Caliente. 
 
 Donation of land. Before Juan Joseph Lobato, Alcalde. 
 Antonio Pacheco; Gregorio Sandoval. 
 
 34 JOSE GABRIEL VITTON (BITON) to Tomas de 
 
 Armijo. December 20, 1758. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Francisco Guerrero, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 This deed refers to the Rio Chiquito. 
 
 35 MARCIAL GONZALES to Francisco de Analla (An- 
 
 aya). June 4, 1759. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Francisco Guerrero, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 36 TOWN OF ABIQUIU. 
 
 Order for its re-settlement. November 2, 1770. Made
 
 28 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 by Don Pedro Fermin de IMendiniieta, Governor and Cap- 
 tain-General. 
 
 Refers to the re-settlement of Abiqniu by Governor 
 Tomas Veles Cachupin. 
 
 37 ROSALIA de GILTOMEY, widow of Juan Manuel Va- 
 
 rela, to Isabel de Armijo, widow of Antonio de Sena. 
 
 November 21, 1760. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Francisco Guerrero, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 38 PEDRO ANTONIO BUSTAMANTE Y TAGLE to 
 Marcial Angel. July 26, 1762. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Manuel Gallego, Alcalde. 
 
 39 MANUEL de ARMIJO and JUAN de LEDESMA. 
 
 Entry of a mine about one league south of the Cerrillos 
 rancho and called Nuestra Senora de Los Dolores in the 
 papers. Before Tomas Veles Cachupin, Governor and 
 Captain-General. 
 
 40 JOSEPHA DE LA ASCENCION, widow of Hernando 
 
 Martin. October 29, 1767. 
 
 Claim for lands donated by Mateo Martin in the Puehlo 
 Quemado. Before Don Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta, 
 Governor and Captain-General. 
 
 41 MARCELA TRUGILLO to Ines de Apodaca. October 
 30, 1767. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 42 JOAQUIN DE ALDERETE. 
 
 Will. April 9, 1767. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 43 JOSE IGNACIO ALARID and GABRIEL QUINT- 
 ANA. March 21, 1768. County of Rio Arriba. 
 
 Grant of land. Made by Don Pedro Fermin de Men- 
 dinueta, Captain-General. Possession given by Antonio 
 Joseph Ortiz, Alcalde. Boundaries: North, Manuel Lu- 
 eero ; south, Joseph Baca ; east and west, the boundaries 
 held by the former owner, Geronimo Pacheco. 
 
 44 ANTONIO ARMIJO. May 18, 1769. County of San- 
 ta Fe. 
 
 Grant of land. Made by Don Pedro Fermin De Men-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 29 
 
 dinueta, Governor and Captain-General. Four hundred 
 varas square. Adjoining the City of Santa Fe. Posses- 
 sion given by Felipe Tafoya, Alcalde. 
 
 45 JUANA BENABIDES to Ignacio Alarid. March 23, 
 1772. County of Smita Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of land on the Tesuque river. Before Manuel 
 Garcia Pare j a, Alcalde. 
 
 46 CARNUEL TRACT. 
 
 Petition of persons of Alhurqiierque to settle upon the 
 same. March 24, 1774. Denied. Before Don Pedro Fer- 
 min de Mendinueta, Governor and Captain-General, and a 
 report made by Francisco Trebol Navarro, Alcalde. 
 
 47 MANUELA BRITO to Tomas Alire. August 28, 1774. 
 City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Manuel Garcia Pareja, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 48 GERTRUDIS ARMIJO, wife of MANUEL VIGIL. 
 1776. 
 
 Inventory of her effects. Before Don Pedro Fermin de 
 Mendinueta, Captain-General and Manuel Vigil, Alcalde. 
 County of Taos. 
 
 49 LAZARO ATENCIO. 
 
 Will. August 1, 1777. Before Manuel Garcia Pareja, 
 Alcalde. 
 
 50 FRANCISCA TRUXILLO to Maria de Guadalupe de 
 Archibeque. September 14, 1767. Com\ij oi Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 51 HEIRS OF THE ALAMEDA TRACT vs. PEDRO 
 
 BARELA. 1778. County of Bernalillo. 
 
 Opposition to sale of lands. Before Francisco Trebol 
 Navarro, Acting Captain-General. 
 
 52 ANTONIO DE ARMENTA. 
 
 Land grant. 1789. County of Bernalillo. Made by Don 
 Fernando de la Concha, Governor and Captain-General. 
 Possession given by Antonio Jose Ortiz, Alcalde. Two 
 hundred varas.
 
 30 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 53 INHABITANTS OF THE TOWN OF ALBURQUER- 
 
 QUE vs. ANTONIO DE SILBA. No date. 
 
 Requiring him to give up a land grant which he has in 
 his possession. Before Juan Gonzales Baz, Alcalde. 
 
 54 SALVADOR ARMIJO. September 22, 1803. County 
 
 of Santa Fe. 
 
 Inventory and partition of estate. Before Pedro Bau- 
 tista Pino, Alcalde. 
 
 55 NEMESIO SALCEDO, Comandante. August 11, 1809. 
 
 Permitting Jose Manuel Aragon to occupy land at La- 
 guna. 
 
 This is a letter from Neraesio Salcedo, the commandant 
 general at Chihuahua, to the acting governor of New 
 Mexico, dated August 11, 1809, stating that there are no 
 grounds for granting the petition of Jose Manuel Aragon, 
 who had asked that certain lands, belonging to the In- 
 dians of Laguna, which he had formerly used, be turned 
 over to him; but in view of Aragon 's being the al- 
 calde of that district, having a large family, and being in 
 need, Salcedo had decided that as long as Aragon should 
 continue in the office of alcalde he might have designated 
 for his use a piece of land large enough to enable him to 
 raise crops needed by his family, but that he could not 
 claim title to the land. 
 
 56 JUAN DE AGUILAR. August 17, 1818. 
 
 Question of boundaries with the Pueblo of the Pecos. Be- 
 fore Don Facundo Melgares, Governor. Vicente Villan- 
 ueva. Alcalde. 
 
 Puel)lo of Pecos ; measurements made from the church 
 and the location of the latter with respect to the end of 
 the pueblo at that time (1818) occupied by the Indians. 
 
 In the same item is a report made to Governor Pedro 
 Maria de AUande by Jose Vicente Ortiz, alcalde, in re- 
 gard to the property of Francisco Garcia, dated at Sehol- 
 letta, June 16, 1818. County of Valencia. 
 
 This is a petition of Juan de Aguilar to the governor 
 of New Mexico, complaining that the alcalde of El Vado, 
 Don Vineente Villanueva, had made certain measurements 
 from the pueblo of Pecos in defiance of the accepted rules 
 for such operations, in that he had begun them at the 
 edge of the town, instead of at the cross in the cemetery, 
 and with a cord one hundred varas in length instead of
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 31 
 
 only fifty, which alleged errors had resulted in extending 
 the boundaries of the league of the Indians so as to em- 
 brace land belonging to the petitioner, and also lands be- 
 longing to other citizens. The petitioner asks the gover- 
 nor to decide the two questions raised by him as to the 
 correct manner of making the measurements. 
 
 On August 19, 1818, Governor Melgares called upon the 
 alcalde to report on the matter, which he did on the same 
 day. 
 
 He says that no injury had resulted to anyone from the 
 use of the hundred vara cord, because he had dampened 
 it and stretched it out by two stakes, to offset what shrink* 
 age it may have suffered while it had been coiled ; that he 
 had presented it to the petitioner, his son and others, who 
 had again stretched it until they broke it; that with this 
 cord he had made the measurement, with which they were 
 satisfied; that the statement that other lands than those 
 of the petitioner were embraced in the league was false; 
 that if he had used a shorter cord it would have been to 
 the injury of the Indians, on account of the irregular and 
 broken character of the ground ; etc., etc. 
 
 In regard to his beginning at the edge of the pueblo he 
 states that he knew it was the custom (but not a fixed rule) 
 to begin at the cross in the cemetery ; that the reason for 
 this was that in all the puehlos, except Pecos, the church 
 was approximately in the center of the pueblo ; that in 
 addition to the pueblo of Pecos being long, the church 
 was more than a hundred varas distant from one of its 
 extremities, which extremity was opposite to the one then 
 occupied by the Indians; that he had made two other 
 measurements which were favorable to the citizens; etc. 
 
 No action appears to have been taken on this report 
 by the governor, 
 
 57 JOSE ANTONIO ALARID. 
 
 Will, March 12, 1822. County of Santa Fe. Before 
 Josef Salaises, Captain of the military company. 
 
 58 JOSE ANTONIO ALARID. 
 
 Grant, April 29, 1822. County of Santa Fe. Made by 
 the Ayuntamiento of Santa Fe. At Galisteo. Possession 
 given by Pedro Armendaris, Alcalde. 
 
 59 AGAPITOALBA. April 26, 1823. 
 
 Petition for a piece of land. Forwarded by Jose Ignacio 
 Rascon to the Governor of the Province.
 
 32 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 60 JUAN ANTONIO ARMIJO; MATTIAS DURAN; 
 ANTONIO LUXAN; RAFAEL ROIBAL; JOSE MA- 
 RIA ROIBAL ; JOSE MARTINEZ. March 3, 1825. 
 
 Grant. Made by the Territorial Deputation. Hijiielas 
 made by Diego Padilla, Alcalde. No hijuela on file in 
 favor of Jose Martinez. Land situate on the Pecos river, 
 Land granted to the Sacristan, Diego Padilla, mentioned. 
 
 61 TOWN OF ABIQUIU. See Reported Grant. 
 
 62 PUEBLO OF THE PECOS. 
 
 Report concerning area of lands. By Jose Ramon Alarid. 
 August 21, 1826. 
 
 63 JOSE RAMON ALARID. 
 
 Reports that Gregorio Arteaga, attorney of the half- 
 breeds, refuses to go to El Bado to attend to the matter of 
 the land called "La Cttesta." Report made to Antonio 
 Narbona, Governor, etc. 
 
 64 SEBOLETTA GRANT. 1827. 
 
 Question of partition of lands. Before, Pedro Iturrieta, 
 Alcalde, and Jose Antonio Chaves y Duran, Secretary of 
 the Ayuntamiento. Salvador Ansures for his wife, Leo- 
 garda Chaves, through her father, Jose Antonio Chaves. 
 
 65 TOWN OF ABIQUIU. See Reported Grant. 
 
 66 RAMON ABREU. 
 
 Registration of a mine. October 29, 1832. Location — 
 Real de los Dolores. County of Santa Fe. Jose Fran- 
 cisco Terms and Ramon Abreu for themselves and others. 
 Registration of a mine. June 5, 1832. Situate in the 
 Sierra de San Lazaro, near the Ojo del Oso, county of 
 Santa Fe. 
 
 67 JUAN BENAVIDES. 
 
 Question of mines. December 24, 1835. Real de Dolores, 
 county of Santa Fe. 
 
 68 ANTONIO ARMIJO, et ah 
 
 Report of Commissioners on their petition for lands in the 
 Badito del Arroyo ; report is made to the Territorial Depu- 
 tation, December 23, 1835.
 
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 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 33 
 
 69 JOSE MANUEL ANGEL ; MANUEL ANGEL ; CAR- 
 LOS TORRES; FRANCISCO CRESPIN; JULIAN 
 GAYEGOS ; DIEGO ANTONIO CRESPIN ; RAFAEL 
 CRESPIN; JOSE PABLO MONTOYA; ANTONIO 
 BIGIL. 
 
 Petition for lands at place called '^Arco del Arroyo de 
 Galisteo." September 28, 1839. No action taken. 
 
 70 JUAN LORENZO ALIRE. 
 
 Grant. October 12, 1844. Situate in ''Los Valles de 
 Santa Gertrudis de la de Mora." Made by Tomas Ortiz, 
 Judge. 
 
 71 MARIA CONCEPCION ARMIJO. 1844. 
 
 Question of lands, near Los Corrales, Bernalillo county. 
 
 72 JUAN NEPOMUCENO ALARID. 
 
 Will. November 27, 1844. County of Santa Fe. 
 
 73 MARIA CONCEPCION ARMIJO, wife of Nicolas San- 
 doval. 1844. 
 
 Question of lands, before Mariano Martinez, Governor, 
 and Tomas Ortiz, Alcalde. Los Corrales^ Bernalillo 
 county. Item No. 71, q. v. With the estate of Juan 
 Pino, deceased. 
 
 74 NASARIO MARTINEZ to Josefa Armijo. July 15, 
 1844. County of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Tomas Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 75 NASARIO AGUILAR. 
 
 Grant. October 8, 1844. Situate in the "valle de Santa 
 Gertrudis de Mora." Made by Tomas Ortiz, Judge of 
 1st Instance. No. 70 ante, q. v. 
 
 76 FRANCISCO ROMERO de PEDRAZA to Domingo de 
 
 la Barreda. June 26, 1698. County of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of lands. Before Diego Arias de Quiros, 
 Alcalde. Testimonio. 
 
 77 ANA LUJAN to Diego de Veccia. September, 1701. 
 County of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of lands. Before Joseph Kodriguez, Alcalde.
 
 34 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 78 CRISTOBAL JARAMILLO and JUAN BARELA 
 
 JARAMILLO. February 26, 1704. 
 
 Question of lands with the Indians of San Felipe, county 
 of Bernalillo. Before the Marques de la Nava de 
 Brazinas, Governor and Captain-General. Alfonso Rael 
 de Aguilar. 
 
 Petition for a grant of lands to Spanish citizens at the 
 place called Angostura, the lands at the time (1704) be- 
 ing occupied by Indians of the pueblo of San Felipe. The 
 attorney for the Indians opposed the making of the grant 
 because of their loyalty to tlie crown during the uprisings 
 of 1693 and 1696 and the grant was refused. 
 
 Petition by Cristobal Barela Jaramillo and Juan 
 Barela Jaramillo, to the governor of New Mexico, asking 
 that they be granted lands at Angostura, on the west 
 side of the Rio Grande. Apparently the lands asked for 
 were being vised by the San Felipe Indians, as the peti- 
 tioners ask that the lands belonging to those Indians be 
 measured, and state that the Indians have more lands 
 than the law allows, and that it is not fair that this 
 should be permitted, while the petitionee are without 
 lands. 
 
 They say in regard to the boundaries: "The said 
 lands are on this side (of the river) and they adjoin the 
 lands of Captain Don Fernando on the south side, and 
 on the north side by the lands of said Indians, and on 
 the east by the Del Norte river, and on the west by the 
 tablelands. ' ' 
 
 This petition was presented to Goveruor De Vargas, at 
 Bernalillo, on February 26, 1704, and he thereupon or- 
 dered that the chief alcaldes, Diego Montoya and Don 
 Fernando Duran y Chaves, together with the attorney 
 for the Indians, Don Alfonso Rael de Aguilar, should 
 inspect the lands in question, and report to him as to 
 what might be properly granted to the petitioners. 
 
 On February 29, 1704, the alcalde, Diego Montoya, and 
 the attorney for the Indians, Alfonso Rael de Aguilar, 
 went to Angostura to examine the lands, and the latter 
 made a statement, in favor of the Indians and against 
 the petitioners, which is set forth at length in the manu- 
 script, and is signed by him. He alleges, among many 
 other reasons for not making the grant, that the lands 
 had been held by the natives of the puehlo since its 
 foundation ; that the petitioners had a great deal of live 
 stock which would trespass on the Indians' lands; that
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 35 
 
 the petitioners had a grant of lands on the other side of 
 the river; that the Indians ought to be treated with con- 
 sideration because of the loyalty they had displayed 
 during the uprisings of 1693 and 1696, etc., etc. 
 
 This proceeding was not signed by Montoya, because 
 of his having suffered a severe injury to his arm, by a 
 fall ; and it is stated that the alcalde, Don Fernando Du- 
 ran y Chaves, did not participate in the proceedings be- 
 cause he was not at home. 
 
 No grant appears to have been made to the petitioners. 
 
 It is to be noted that this manuscript indicates that 
 the town of Bernalillo was at that time on the west side 
 of the Rio Grande. 
 
 79 JOSE FRESQUES and MARIA de HERRERA, liis 
 wife, to Simon Baca. November 13, 1716. County of 
 Rio Arriba. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Juan Garcia de las Rivas, 
 Alcalde. 
 
 80 FRANCISCO ALBERTO de la MORA to Simona de 
 
 Bejar. November 14, 1716. County of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of lands. Before Francisco Lorenzo de Cas- 
 sados. Alcalde. 
 
 81 VALENTINA de MONTES de OCA to the woman 
 
 called La Benavides because she is the widow of Nicolas 
 
 Benavides. June 21, 1723. County of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Francisco Bueno de Bo- 
 horques y Corcuera, Alcalde. 
 
 82 ANTONIO BALLEJO. 
 
 Will. June 7, 1727. County of Santa Fe. 
 
 83 DIEGO MANUEL BACA. 
 
 Will. March 23, 1727. County of Santa Fe. 
 
 84 JOSEPH BASQUEZ. 
 
 Grant. March 16, 1727. Made by Don Juan Domingo 
 de Bustamante, Governor and Captain-General. An- 
 tonio Grusiaga, Secretary of War and Government. 
 Grant revoked by Governor Cruzate. Rejected "Lo de 
 Basquez" by court of private land claims.
 
 36 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 85 JUAN DE LEON BRITO. 
 
 Grant. Originally made to his father by Don Diego de 
 Vargas Zapata Liijan Ponce de Leon. Re-validated by 
 Don Juan Domingo de Bustamante, Governor, August 
 27, 1738. Testimonio. 
 
 Another grant, made by Don Gaspar Domingo de 
 Bustamante, August 20, 1742. Both of these grants are 
 apparently small and close to Santa Fe. Antonio de 
 Cruciaga; Antonio de Hulibarri; Gregorio Garduiio; Jo- 
 seph de Terrus. The following are given in full, illus- 
 trative of forms in use : 
 
 "Town of Santa Fe, August 5th, 1728, before his ex- 
 cellency, the governor and captain-general of this king- 
 dom of New Mexico, it was presented by the party stated 
 therein, to wit, Juan de Leon Brito, Mexican, and settler 
 of the u'ard of Analco, in this town of Santa Fe : I ap- 
 pear before your excellency in the best form allowed me 
 by law and say that I, having come into this kingdom, 
 and a grant having been made to me of certain lands that 
 formerly belonged to my father, may he rest in peace, by 
 the General Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponce 
 Leon, deceased, in the name of his majesty, consisting of 
 one sitio of lands, and now I having settled on it, and 
 because the said grant papers are not in my possession, 
 I ask of your greatness to revalidate to me the said land, 
 which lies at the other side [handa] of this town, its 
 boundaries being, on the north the acequia from which 
 Captain Bargas irrigates, and on the south another ditch 
 of the same person, and on the east lands of Pedro Lo- 
 pez, on the west the road leading to Pecos; for all of 
 which I ask and beg your excellency, with the greatest 
 veneration due, to concede to me said grant of said 
 lands in the name of the King my master, for myself 
 and my wife and my children and heirs, for I swear by 
 God our Lord and the Holy Cross that this my state- 
 ment is not made in bad faith, and in the necessary, etc. 
 
 "Juan de Leon Brito." 
 
 The "Britos" were Tlascalan Indians. The "Analco" 
 district surrounds the old chapel of San Miguel. "An- 
 alco" means, "the other side of the river." 
 
 "And it having been seen by his excellency he received 
 it as presented, and in view of what the party states his 
 excellency said that he ought and did command Sebas- 
 tian de Bargas and Pedro Lopez, for the reason that 
 these were the nearest neighbors to the lands petitioned
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 37 
 
 for by this party that if they should have any right to 
 the same they should bring it forward, with such instru- 
 ments as they might have, in order to give to each one 
 his due, and it not being of any injury to any third 
 party representing a better claim that it should be ad- 
 judicated for and revalidated to him in the bona fide 
 possession that he now enjoys. Thus it was decreed, 
 commanded and signed by his excellency D. Juan Do- 
 mingo Bustamante before me, the actual secretary of 
 government and war, by order of his excellency the gov- 
 ernor and captain-general. 
 
 "Antto. de Crusiaga [rubric] 
 "Secretary of Government and War. 
 
 "In the said town, on the 17th day of the month of 
 August, 1728, by virtue of the command in the above 
 provision, Selaastian de Bargas was cited, who, having 
 known of the registration of land sought by Juan de 
 Leon Brito, he stated that he is not harmed, for the rea- 
 son that it lies beyond his own lands, and because the 
 ditches referred to form boundary lines only; in view of 
 which he has no opposition to offer to the possession and 
 ownership sought by the party, and he signed it with 
 me, the actual secretary of government and war. 
 
 "Sebastian de Bargas 
 
 "Before me: Antonio de Cruciaga, 
 "Secretary of Government and War. 
 
 "Immediately thereafter, Pedro Lopez not being within 
 the realm, his wife was cited to appear, and she offered 
 the bill of sale made by Don Miguel de Coca to Josepha 
 Lopez, daughter of the said Pedro Lopez, and from its 
 contents it appears that this party is not harmed by the 
 lands asked for by Juan de Leon Brito, for he only cites 
 it as a boundary, on which she did not sign, because she 
 did not know how. I signed it, to which I certify. 
 
 "At said town, on said month and year, his excellency 
 the Governor and Captain-General of this kingdom of 
 New Mexico, having seen the citations that preceded, and 
 it appearing from them that no harm is occasioned to 
 any third party by the grant of lands which Juan de 
 Leon Brito asks to be revalidated to him anew, which he 
 says were given to him by General Don Diego de Vargas, 
 for the reason that he has no title papers, and in view of 
 all this his excellency, in the name of his majesty, may 
 God preserve him, makes and revalidates to him the 
 grant, protecting him as he does in the possession that
 
 38 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 he has acquired in good faith for himself and which he 
 now acquires judicially, so that he may not be dispos- 
 sessed of the same without first being proceeded against 
 according to law, and in order that he, his heirs and suc- 
 cessors, may enjoy the products of the same, and in 
 order that he may be able to exchange, sell, and transfer 
 as his own property and of his wife, except that he shall 
 not convey it to prohibited persons; thus be decreed, 
 ordered, and signed before me, the actual secretary of 
 government and war. I certify. Bustamante 
 
 "Antonio de Cruciaga 
 "Secretary of Government and War. 
 
 "This copy agrees with its original, which remains in 
 the archives of this government, from which I made the 
 same for the benefit of the party on this day, the 30th 
 of August, 1728. It is true and faithful, corrected and 
 compared and at its making the witnesses w^ere Juan 
 Joseph Moreno and Don Alfonso Rael de Aguilar, they 
 being present. I make my customary signature in testi- 
 mony of the truth. Antonio de Cruciaga [rubric] 
 "Secretary of Government and "War." 
 
 SECOND GRANT 
 
 "Santa Fe, August 18th, 1742. Let the alcalde mayor 
 report if it is proper for the petitioner in this petition, 
 in order to provide what may be convenient. 
 
 "Mendoza" 
 
 "Juan de Leon Brito, resident of the town of Santa 
 Fe, at the feet of the greatness of your excellency, in all 
 form allowed to me by law, and which may to me belong, 
 I say, sir, that whereas I am loaded with duties to which 
 I must necessarily attend, and because I have not land 
 sufficient, because that which I have is small, I have seen 
 fit to have registered a tract of lands lying at the other 
 side (banda) of the river where a eafiada is formed, and 
 its boundaries are the following : On the east it is bounded 
 by the highway {camino real) that leads to Pecos, on 
 the west it is bounded by another road that likewise goes 
 to Pecos, on the south with lands of Luiz de Armenta, 
 and on the north with lands of Captain Manuel Thenorio, 
 which lands I ask for in the name of his Majesty, whom 
 may God preserve, to be given to me as a grant, I peti- 
 tion your excellency with all due submission to concede 
 them to me, for I am a poor man, and if they are granted 
 to me that royal possession shall be given me, for I will
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 39 
 
 receive grace and profit. I swear in all form that this 
 petition is not done in bad faith. 
 
 ' ' Juan de Leon Brito ' ' 
 
 ' ' Having seen and examined the lands petitioned for by 
 this party, I say that it is proper, because he has it 
 registered, and they are recognized as lands of the King, 
 my Lord, whom may God preserve, whereupon your ex- 
 cellency may do what shall be just, which shall be as in 
 every case the best, and that it may so appear I signed 
 it on June 19th, 1742. 
 
 "Antonio de Ulibarri [rubric] " 
 
 "In the town of Santa Fe, on the 20tli of August, 
 1742, I, the lieutenant-colonel, governor, and captain-gen- 
 eral of this kingdom of New Mexico, Don Gaspar Do- 
 mingo de Mendoza, ought to command and did command, 
 in view of the report of Captain Antonio de Ulibarri, al- 
 calde mayor of said town, to place the petitioner in this 
 petition in possession of the land that he asks for, so that 
 in the name of his Majesty he may possess and cultivate 
 the same ; thus I provided, ordered, and signed with those 
 of my attendants with whom I act, as customary on ac- 
 count of the actual conditions of this reabn. It is valid. 
 
 "Don Gaspar Domingo de Mendoza [rubric] 
 "Joseph de Terrus 
 ' ' Juan Phe. de Rivera ' ' 
 
 ' ' In the town of Santa Fe, on the 20th day of the month 
 of August, 1742, I, the captain, Antonio de Ulibarri, al- 
 calde mayor of this town, in obedience to the order of his 
 excellency, the Colonel Don Gaspar Domingo de Mendoza, 
 governor and captain-general of this kingdom, I, the 
 said alcalde mayor, went upon the lands that this party 
 states, and I took him by the hand and walked with him 
 over said lands. He plucked grass, east stones, shouted, 
 saying 'Long live the King, my Lord, Don Phillipe +he 
 Fifth, whom may God preserve,' the witnesses to the 
 royal possession being Tomas de Sena and Cayetano 
 Lovato. Thus I acted with the witnesses of my attend- 
 ance for the lack of public or royal notary, for there are 
 none in this kingdom, upon the actual paper, for there 
 is none of the seal in these regions, to which I certify. 
 
 "Antonio de Ulibarri [rubric] 
 
 "Judge Commissioner. 
 "Gregorio Garduno." 
 
 •o"-
 
 40 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 86 PEDRO GOMEZ de CHAVES to Bernabe Baca. March 
 26, 1732. County of Bernalillo. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Juan Gonzales Bas. 
 
 87 BENTURA de la CANDELARIA to Salvador Barela. 
 May 7, 1734. County of Bernalillo. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Geronimo Jaramillo. 
 
 88 CRISTOBAL BACA. 
 
 Will and inventory and partition of his estate. 1739. 
 County of Santa Fe. 
 
 89 VALENTINA MONTES de OCA to Juana de Bena- 
 vides. June 9, 1739. County of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Antonio Montoya. Ante No. 81. 
 
 90 JUANA DE BENAVIDES and TOMASA de BENA- 
 VIDES. June 11, 1739. County of Santa Fe. 
 
 Exchange. Before Antonio Montoya, Alcalde. 
 
 91 JUAN DE BENAVIDES to Tomasa de Benavides. June 
 15, 1739. County of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Antonio Montoya, Alcalde. 
 
 92 BERNABE BACA vs. NICOLAS de CHAVES. 1704. 
 
 Reported case of Nicolas de Chaves, q. v. 
 
 93 ANTONIO MONTOYA to Juan de Benavides. No- 
 vember 23, 1744. County of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of a piece of land above the Pueblo of San 
 Diego de Tesuque. Before Antonio de Ulibarri, Alcalde. 
 
 94 JOSEPHABACA. 
 
 Will and inventory of estate. 1746. County of Berna- 
 lillo. At Pajarito. 
 
 95 MAGDALENA MARTIN, by her executor, Manuel 
 
 Montoya, to Pedro Baptista. April 11, 1751. 
 
 Conveyance of land in the county of Rio Arriha. Before 
 Juan Jose Lobato, Alcalde. 
 
 96 ANTONIO DURAN to Salvador Barela. April 22, 
 1752. County of Taos. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Juan Joseph Lobato. The donor
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 41 
 
 was the wife of Juan Antonio Giron and acquired the 
 property by inheritance from her mother, Rosa Martin. 
 
 97 SEBASTIAN MARTIN to Salvador Barela. April 
 22, 1752. County of Taos. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Juan Jose Lobato, Alcalde, 
 
 98 DIEGO BASQUEZ BORREGO, of Rio Ahajo. 
 
 Will and proceedings. Santa Fe, May 5, 1753. Before 
 Don Tomas Veles Cachupin, Governor. Tomas de Alvear 
 y CoUado. 
 
 99 SEBASTIAN MARTIN to Salvador Barela and Fran- 
 cisco Barela. October 8, 1753. County of Santa Fe. 
 Pueblo Quemado. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Juan Jose Sandoval, Alcalde. 
 
 100 MANUEL MARTIN to Tiburcio Barela. November 
 6, 1753. County of Rio Arriba. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Juan Jose Sandoval, Alcalde. 
 
 101 MANUEL BACA. 
 
 "Will, May 6, 1755. No residence stated. 
 
 102 EUSEBIO LEYBA to Tomasa de Benavides. June 
 
 9, 1759. County of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Francisco Guerrero. Manuel Ber- 
 nardo Garvisu. 
 
 103 DIEGO BASQUEZ BORREGO. 
 
 Inventory of the estate of. Ante No. 98, q. v. 
 
 104 TOMASA BENAVIDES. 
 
 Inventory of estate of and partition of the same. 
 
 105 ANTONIO BACA vs. INHABITANTS OF RIO PUER- 
 
 CO. 
 
 The original settlers of Rio Puerco were Joaquin de 
 Luna, district lieutenant, Joaquin Romero, Maria Ro- 
 salia Romero, Pedro Varela, Juan Pedro Sisneros, Diego 
 Basques Borrego, Bernardo Ballejo, Jose de Luna, An- 
 tonio Lucero, Andres Manzanares, Francisco Lovato, Gas- 
 par Gonzales, Jose Romero, Juan Ygnacio Romero, An- 
 tonio Martin, Juan Lorenzo Atencio, Antonio Martin, 
 Pablo Martin, Matias Salazar, Miguel Romero, Juan
 
 42 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Diego Tnijillo, Alejandro Espinosa, Mateo Salazar, Sal- 
 vador Trujillo, Pedro Agnilar, Juan Gonzales, Francisco 
 Borrego, Jose Miguel Logardo, Francisco Giron, Santiago 
 Pais. Antonio Romero, Marcelina Francisco, Tomas 
 Antonio Romero, Alonzo Gonzales, and Antonio 
 Lucero. At the time that this petition was made the pe- 
 titioners stated that there were grazing upon the tract 
 about ten thousand head of sheep and cattle. One of the 
 reasons for making of this grant was that the settlement 
 would serve as a barrier to the Ute and Navajo tribes of 
 Indians. The tract is described as follows : On the north 
 the Tortugas creek; on the south the southern point of 
 the mesa continguous to the Hondo creek ; on the east 
 the side of the mountain extending from Jemez to the 
 Piedra Lumbre, looking toward the Jemez pueblo, and 
 on the west the '' Arroyo de en Media." 
 
 Captain Antonio Baca was granted a tract of land 
 known as Nuestra Seiiora de la Luz de los Lagunitas del 
 Rio Puerco previous to 1761 ; he was afterward dispos- 
 sessed and the property was given to Joaquin Mestas. 
 Baca commenced proceedings before Don Manuel Portillo 
 Urrisola which were concluded in 1762 by Governor Veles 
 Cachupin, who on July 20, 1762, re-granted the land to 
 Antonio Baca. The questions involved were referred to 
 Don Juan Ygnaeio Garcia Villegas, counselor for the 
 Royal Audience of Guadalajara, who decided in favor of 
 Captain Baca. The grant was first made to Baca by 
 Governor Marin del Valle. Baca states in his petition 
 that he had always "without pay served his country in 
 maintaining continual war with the Apaches, and that 
 all provisions and expenses were supplied by himself." 
 
 106 JUAN TAFOYA and JOSEPH MORENO to Pablo Ba- 
 ca. October 2, 1763. County of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Manuel Gallego, Alcalde. 
 
 107 JUAN JOSEPH DURAN, by his attorney CRISTO- 
 BAL DURAN to Joseph Baca. In San Pedro de Cha- 
 ma, August 9, 1764. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Manuel Garzia Pareja, Alcalde. 
 
 108 JOSE MARTIN to JOSE VACA. October 29, 1764. 
 County of Rio Arriba. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Manuel Garzia Pareja, Alcalde.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEAV MEXICO 43 
 
 109 MARIA DE LA VEGA y COCA. Santa Fe, May 17, 1764. 
 
 Partition of lands of her estate at the Cienega and 
 Canada of Guiqii. Before Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 110 ANTONIO DE BEYTIA of Abiquiu December 30, 
 1765. 
 
 Will. In this item, in the first paragraph, the testator 
 says he is a resident of ''El Pueblo de San Antonio del 
 Biquiu." Later on he says, in dating the instrument, — 
 " este Pueblo de San Antonio del Gmjquiu." In the 
 county of Rio Arnba. 
 
 111 GRANTEES OF THE NUESTRA SE^JORA de la 
 LUZ Y SAN BLAS TRACT vs. THE GRANTEES OF 
 THE ATRISCO TRACT. 1759. 
 
 Question of boundary. Before Francisco Antonio Marin 
 del Valle, Captain-General; also before Don Tomas Ve- 
 lez Cachupin, Captain-General; the last named proceed- 
 ings were had in 1766. 
 
 112 PHELIPE TAFOYA and PHELIPE SANDOVAL to 
 Joseph Baca. February 3, 1767. 
 
 Conveyance of a rancho called "Pueblo Quemado," about 
 a league from the City of Santa Fe. Before Francisco 
 Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 113 GRANTEES of the BELEN tract vs. sale op land by 
 PEDRO ITURRIETA to Fernando Chaves. 1767. 
 
 Before Don Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta, Governor. 
 Francisco Trebol Navarro; Manuel Garvisu; Manuel 
 Zanez; Manuel Garvisu Zanez. 
 
 The petition for the Belen Grant asked for a tract of 
 land which in 1740 was uncultivated and unappropriated. 
 It is described and "bounded on the east by the Sandia 
 Mountains ; on the west by the Rio Puerco ; on the north 
 on both sides of the river the boundary is the land of 
 Nicolas de Chaves and those of the adjoining settlers of 
 Our Lady of the Concepcion tract of Tome, and on the 
 south the place called Felipe Romero, in a direct line 
 until it intersects the boundary above mentioned, from 
 the east to the west." The first settlers were: Diego 
 Torres de Salazar; Pedro Bigil; Miguel Salazar; Juana 
 Teresa Romero ; Lugarda Romero ; Juan Antonio Salazar ; 
 Miguel Salazar; Pablo Salazar; Nicolas Salazar; Manuel 
 Antonio Trugillo; Maria Torres; Salvador Torres; Jose
 
 44 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Antonio Torres; Ladeo Torres; Cayetano Cristobal Tor- 
 res; Diego Torres; Barbara Romero; Gabriel Romero; 
 Maria Vigil ; Jose Trujillo ; Francisco Martin ; Nicolas 
 Martiniano; Ygnacio Barrera; Juan Domingo Torres; 
 Jose Romero ; Jose Tenorio ; Juan Jose de Sandoval ; 
 Francisco Trujillo ; Francisco Hiron ; Cristoval Naranjo ; 
 Jose Antonio Naranjo; Bartholome Torres; Pedro Ro- 
 mero. The grant was made by Don Gaspar Domingo 
 Mendoza, and possession was given by Don Nicolas de 
 Chaves, alcalde mayor of Alburquerque. 
 
 The house of Felipe Romero was a ruin, this hacienda 
 having been destroyed in the revolution of 1680. 
 
 114 BALTAZAR BACA. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 104. 
 
 Baltazar Baca was born in New Mexico and was, in 
 1769, a resident of the Plaza of Belen. He asked for a 
 tract of land about three leagues from the pueblo of 
 Laguna, and about a league and a half from the Encinol. 
 
 Being "descended from the conquerors of this pro- 
 vince," Governor Mendinueta was induced to grant his 
 request and he was placed in possession of the tract 
 known as "San Jose del Encinol" by Don Antonio Se- 
 dillo, chief alcalde and war-captain of the pueblo of 
 Laguna. In the act of possession it appears that there 
 was "an outside ranch belonging to an Acoma Indian." 
 He had two sons. 
 
 115 DOMINGO DE VENAVIDES. 
 
 Will. May 8, 1770. County of Santa Fe. 
 
 116 MARINA BACA vs. MIGUEL BACA. October 2, 1771. 
 
 Question of the possession of a house. County of Santa 
 Fe. Before Don Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta, Governor. 
 
 117 JOSEPH BACA. 
 
 Will. Puehlo Quemado. Jurisdiction of Santa Fe. March 
 2, 1772. 
 
 118 LUGARDA TAFOYA to Marina de Jesus Baca. Au- 
 gust 14, 1773. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Before Manuel Garcia Pare j a. Alcalde. 
 
 119 FRANCISCO GONZALES to Manuela Brito. July 12, 
 1774. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Before Manuel Garcia Pare j a. Alcalde.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 45 
 
 120 JOSEFABUSTAMANTE to Jose Antonio Ortiz. Feb- 
 ruary 13, 1784. 
 
 Mortgage of rancho at Tesuque. Before Don Juan Bau- 
 tista de Anza, Governor. 
 
 121 JUANA MARIA BACA, wife of MIGUEL BACA vs. 
 
 DIEGO BORREGO. January 21, 1789. County of 
 
 Santa Fe. 
 
 Question of lands sold by Borrego in Cuyamungue. Be- 
 fore Don Fernando de la Concha, Governor, and Antonio 
 Josef Ortiz, Alcalde, and Captain Manuel Delgado. 
 
 122 ISABEL BACA, Pueblo of Isleta, 1792. 
 
 Investigation to determine whether she has any lands by 
 inheritance in the Pajarito Tract. Report by Manuel de 
 Arteaga, Alcalde, by order of Don Fernando de la Con- 
 cha, Governor. 
 
 123 JOSEF MARIA BACA. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe, November 3, 1799. 
 
 124 MARIA BARBARA BACA, widow of Jose Pablo Rael. 
 
 Question of inheritance. Santa Fe. 1800. Jose Pablo 
 Rael, deceased, was son of Nicolas Rael and Teodora 
 Ortiz, both deceased. Will of Gertmdis Teodora Ortiz, 
 Sa7ita Fe, July 9, 1800. Cancelled by Chacon, Governor, 
 before whom the proceedings were had. Joseph Miguel 
 de la Pena; Jose Campo Redondo. 
 
 125 TOWN OF SAN MIGUEL del BADO. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 119, q. v. 
 
 126 JOSE VARELA vs. EUSEBIO VARELA, his father. 
 
 1814. 
 
 Protest against sale of lands at Tome. Before Manrique, 
 Governor. Bartolome Baca ; Pedro Bautista Pino. 
 
 127 JOSE ANTONIO BUSTOS vs. JOSE IGNACIO MA- 
 DRID. 1826. 
 
 Question of a piece of land at Santa Cruz de la Canada. 
 Many of the papers in this case appear to be missing. 
 Proceedings before Colonel Antonio Narbona, Governor.
 
 46 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 128 TOMAS BERNAL, ANTONIO RAEL and JULIAN 
 
 BERNAL, El Paso, June 19, 1820. 
 
 Relating to the boundaries of town grant. Letter to 
 Faeundo Melgares, Governor. 
 
 129 JESUS BENAVIDES. 
 
 Grant. 1820. 100 varas of land at Galistco. Don Fa- 
 eundo Melgares, Governor. 
 
 130 ESTEVAN BACA. Santa Fe, February 10, 1821. 
 
 Petition for lands for himself and others on the Pecos 
 river. No final action taken. Before Don Faeundo Mel- 
 gares, Governor. 
 
 From this it appears that in 1821 there were only eight or 
 ten families of the Pecos pueblo still living. 
 
 131 FRAY MANUEL BELLIJO, of Cochiti, complains of 
 the Alcalde, Juan Armijo, to Don Faeundo Melgares, 
 June 6, 1821. 
 
 132 LUIS BENAVIDES. 
 
 Will. Sa7ita Fe, March 4, 1822. 
 
 133 JOSE BACA. 
 
 Grant of land at Galisteo. Possession given April 29, 
 1822, by Pedro Armendaris, Alcalde. By order of the 
 Ayuntamiento of April 8, 1822, in which grants were 
 made to nineteen persons. Jose Maria Baca, Secretary 
 of the Cdbildo. 
 
 134 MANUEL BACA and SANTIAGO ABREU. 
 
 Petition for lands lying between the pueblos of Santo 
 Domingo and San Felipe, February 14, 1824. Referred 
 to the Provincial Deputation by the Jefe Politico and 
 read on the 16th of the same month. Captain Bartolome 
 Baca, Jefe Politico. 
 
 It was presented to the governor of New Mexico on 
 February 14, 1824, and on the same day forwarded by 
 him to the so-called Provincial Deputation, for the official 
 action of that body. Some record of the making of a 
 grant may be found in the "Journal, Provincial Deputa- 
 tion, 1822, 1824."
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 47 
 
 135 RAFAEL BENAVIDES, PEDRO LOBATO, JESUS 
 BENAVIDES and JUAN NEPOMUCENO VIGIL and 
 JOSE NESTOR ARMIJO. 
 
 Petition for lands on the other side of the Pecos river. 
 
 Granted by the Territorial Deputation, March 3, 1825. 
 Book 2 of the Acts of the Deputation, page 44. 
 
 This shows a grant of lands in 1825 to a Mexican citi- 
 zen, within the boundaries of the Pecos pueblo. 
 
 136 JOSE FRANCISCO BACA. 
 
 Petition for land on this side of the Pecos river. Re- 
 ferred to the Jefe Politico on March 3, 1825, for action 
 under Par. 5 of the session of preceding November. See 
 page 44, as cited in No. 135 supra. 
 
 137 LUIS MARIA CABEZA de BACA. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 20. 
 
 The following is a list of the family of Luis Maria Ca- 
 beza de Baca. 
 
 Luis was married the first time with Ana Maria Lopez, 
 and their children were: Antonio, Juan Antonio, Rosa, 
 Jose Domingo, Guadalupe, IMiguel, and Ramon. 
 
 His second wife was Josefa Sanches, and their children 
 were : Luis Maria, Prudencio, Mateo, Josefa 1st, and Luz. 
 
 His third wife was Encarnacion Lucero, and their chil- 
 dren were: Juana Paula, Jesus Bacalro (Caiionero), Juan 
 Felipe, Jesus 2nd (Carretero), Josefa 2d, Domingo, 
 Manuel, Maria de Jesus, Luisa, and Luz. 
 
 1. Antonio Cabeza de Baca, the first son of Luis Maria 
 Baca was married to Francisca Garvisu, and the issue was 
 Juan Manuel. 
 
 2. Juan Antonio Cabeza de Baca, the second son of 
 Luis Maria, was married with Josefa Gallegos and their 
 children were, Jesus Maria, Francisco Tomas, Encarna- 
 cion, Cesaria, Domingo, Jose de Jesus, Quirivio, Josefa, 
 Guadalupe, Alta Garcia, Trinidad, Nicolasa, and Tomas D. 
 
 3. Rosa, the third child, was married to Sebastian 
 Salaz, and their children were, Francisco, Dolores, and 
 Josefa. 
 
 4. Domingo, the fourth child, had no issue; died in 
 infancy. 
 
 5. Jose, fifth child, was married to Dolores Gonzales, 
 and their children were, Felipa, Antonio, Jesus Maria, 
 Maria de Jesus, Francisco, Fernando, and Apolonia. 
 
 6. Guadalupe, sixth child, married Santiago Trujillo,
 
 48 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 and their children were, Antonio, Maria, Andres, Felici- 
 ana, Juana, Santiago, and Ana Maria. 
 
 7. Miguel, seventh child, was married to Dolores San- 
 ches, and their children were, Quirina, Diego, Rumualdo, 
 Guadalupe, Paulina, Juan Pablo, and Martina. 
 
 8. Ramon, eighth child, married with Serafina Salaz, 
 and their only child was Ignacio. 
 
 9. Luis Maria, ninth child, married Isabel Lopez, and 
 their children were, Trinidad and Miguel. Miguel died 
 without issue. 
 
 10. Prudencio, tenth child, was married the first time 
 with Manuela Armijo, and their children were, Juan, Ig- 
 nacio, Julian, and Apolonia. 
 
 His second wife was Josefa Flores, and his children 
 were Valentin Escolastico, Gregorio, and Julian. 
 
 11. Mateo, eleventh child, was married to Guadalupe 
 Montoya, and their children were, Luis Maria, Alejandro, 
 Juan de Dios, and Martin. 
 
 12. Josefa 1st was married to Juan Luis Montoya, and 
 their children were, Antonio and Donaciano. 
 
 13. Luz 1st, thirteenth child, had no issue; never was 
 married. 
 
 14. Juana Paula, fourteenth child, was married to Jose 
 Garcia ; their children were, Juana Maria, Antonio, Fran- 
 cisco, Inez, Maria de los Angeles, and Crecencio. 
 
 15. Jesus C. de Baca, 1st (Caiionero), fifteenth child, 
 was married to Ana Maria Gonzales, and their children 
 were, Luis Maria, Guadalupe, Nestor, Francisco, Juliana, 
 and Feliciano. 
 
 16. Juan Felipe, sixteenth child, was married to To- 
 masa Gonzales, and their children were, Juliana, Fran- 
 cisca, Jose, Rumualdo, Sotero, Apolona, Julian, Nazaria, 
 Petra, and Leonor. 
 
 17. Jesus 2d, (Carretero), married Rafaela Martinez, 
 and their children were, Encarnacion, Jose Esteban, Faus- 
 tina, Toribio, Cosme, Julian, and Pedro. 
 
 18. Josefa 2d, married Luis de la 0, and their chil- 
 dren were, Ramos, Jose Maria, Zenobia, Nicolasa, Mariano, 
 Flavio, Juan de Dios, and Refugio. 
 
 19. Domingo 2d, nineteenth child, was married to 
 Rosalia Garcia, and their son was Jose. 
 
 20. Manuel. 
 
 21. Maria de Jesus, 21st child, was married to Fran- 
 cisco Martin (called Borreguito) ; had no children. 
 
 22. Luisa. 
 
 23. Luz 2nd, 23rd child, died without issue.
 
 
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 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 49 
 
 138 LUIS BENAVIDES. 
 
 Petition for lands on the Pecos river. Santa Fe, March 
 8, 1825. No action taken. 
 
 This is a petition for a grant at the pueblo of Pecos. 
 
 139 JOSE FRANCISCO BACA. March 14, 1826. 
 
 Petition for lands on the Pecos river. Reported by the 
 Ayuntamiento of San Miguel del Bade, on March 19, 
 1826. Teodosio QiTintana, Secretary of the Deputation. 
 Juan Jose Baca, 2nd Regidor; Jose Ramon Alarid, Al- 
 calde Constitutional; Candelaria Flores, 3rd Regidor; 
 Santiago Sandoval, 1st Regidor; Jose Miguel Sanches, 
 Secretary of the Ayuntamiento. 
 
 140 CRISTOBAL BUSTOS vs. JOAQUIN PINO. 1827. 
 
 Question of lands in the Ceholleta Grant. Before An- 
 tonio Narbona, Governor. 
 
 141 JUAN ESTEVAN BACA vs. ALCALDE OF COCHI- 
 
 TL 1827. 
 
 La Majada Grant. Before Supremo Tribunal de Justicia, 
 City of Mexico. Aguilar y Lopez, Secretary. 
 
 The memorandum on the wrapper inclosing this docu- 
 ment is entirely misleading. It says the document is a 
 land suit by Juan Esteban Baca against the Indians of 
 Cochiti. It has nothing to do with a land suit. It is a 
 complaint by Baca against the alcalde of Cochiti, who had 
 unjustly imprisoned and otherwise ill-treated him. The 
 date is December 14, 1827. It was sent to the supreme 
 tribunal of justice at Mexico, and by that court was 
 ordered to be transmitted to the jefe politico (governor) 
 of New Mexico, to be placed in the hands of a competent 
 judge, who was to do justice to the complainant. 
 
 The Majada Grant was confirmed by the court of private 
 land claims and surveyed for over 54,000 acres. All 
 that portion of the grant to the pueblo of Cochiti wliich 
 lies east of the Rio Grande conflicts with the Majada, 
 amounting possibly to 5,000 acres. The southern bound- 
 ary of the Majada and the northern boundary of the 
 Pueblo of Santo Domingo Grant for a distance of eight 
 and one-half miles are coterminous. The grant was pat- 
 ented October 26, 1908. 
 
 142 TOMAS BACA, JOSE ANTONIO CASADOS and 
 OTHERS. 
 
 Report of Santiago Ulibarri, Judge, as to quality of
 
 50 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 lands asked for by the persons named. Report is made 
 to the Territorial Deputation. 1829. San Miguel del 
 Bado. 
 
 143 TOMAS BACA, JOSE ANTONIO CASADOS and 
 
 OTHERS. 
 
 Petition to the Ayuntamiento of San Miguel del Bado 
 for lands. Referred, by Santiago Ulibarri, to the Ter- 
 ritorial Deputation and also signed by Jose Antonio Ca- 
 sados, Secretary of the Ayuntamiento. San Miguel del 
 Bado, April 27, 1829. Ante No. 142, q. v. 
 
 144 MARIA MIQUELA BACA. 
 
 Will and inventory. 1831. County of Santa Fe. Juan 
 Garcia, Alcalde. 
 
 145 JESUS MARIA ALARID to Jose Francisco Baca. 
 
 May 18, 1831. County of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance of land in the rancho of the Alamo, formerly 
 belonging to Diego Montoya. Before Pablo Montoya. 
 There are no signatures to this document. 
 
 146 MICAELA BACA. (Maria Micaela Baca.) 
 
 Distribution of estate. 1832. Ante No. 144, q. v. 
 
 147 JUAN MANUEL BACA vs. JUAN ANTONIO ARMI- 
 
 JO. Safita Fe, April 28, 1832. 
 
 Question as to a tract of land. Before Juan Garcia, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 148 MARIA DE LOS DOLORES SANDOVAL vs. JUAN 
 
 GARCIA, Alcalde of the City of Santa Fe. 1834. 
 
 In suit of Manuel Bustamante vs. said Sandoval she com- 
 plains of being unjustly deprived of her property, etc. 
 Appealed to the Suprema Corte de Justicia, City of 
 Mexico. Aguilar y Lopez, Clerk of the Supreme Court; 
 Manuel de la Barrera, 1st Official; Don Francisco Sarra- 
 cino. Governor. 
 
 149 TRINIDAD BARCELO vs. PABLO ORTIZ. Santa 
 
 Fe, April 9, 1837. 
 
 Question as to a tract of land at Pojoaque. Albino Perez, 
 Governor; J, M. Alarid, Secretary.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 51 
 
 150 FOUR PAGES OF THE JOURNAL OF THE TERRI- 
 TORIAL ASSEMBLY in which are recorded the Pro- 
 ceedings had in relation to the Beaubien and Miranda 
 or Maxwell Grant. 
 
 The Maxwell Land Grant is situated in the northern 
 part of New Mexico, in the county of Colfax ; a portion is 
 in the State of Colorado in Las Animas county. After the 
 influx of settlers from the East, in the "seventies" and 
 "eighties," the title of the grantees was bitterly con- 
 tested. 
 
 In August, 1882, the government of the United States 
 filed a bill in chancery in the United States circuit court 
 in Colorado to cancel the patent which had been issued in 
 1879 for this property, embracing 1,714,000 acres. The 
 case was litigated during a period of five years and was 
 ultimately decided in favor of the company by the su- 
 preme court of the United States, which court, in two 
 opinions, one on a motion for re-hearing, sustained the 
 title of the company to the full extent of area as granted 
 by the Mexican government. The government of the 
 United States (the interior department and the depart- 
 ment of justice) declined to accept the decision of the 
 supreme court as final and instituted another suit in 
 the courts of New Mexico to cancel the patent which had 
 been made to the grantees, claiming that the lands in 
 New Mexico, which formed a greater part of this prop- 
 erty, were not affected by the decision of the nation's 
 highest tribunal. 
 
 The Maxwell Company set up the decision of the su- 
 preme court as a defense to this suit; it was heard be- 
 fore Reeves, J., then presiding over the first judicial 
 district of the Territory of New Mexico, and the plea of 
 res adjudicata was sustained and the bill dismissed. An 
 appeal was taken by the government to the territorial 
 supreme court, where the decision of the lower court was 
 affirmed. 
 
 The opinion of the New Mexican supreme court (an 
 extract) follows: 
 
 "The United States brought suit in the circuit court 
 for the United States for the District of Colorado, to set 
 aside, vacate and cancel the patent assailed here. The 
 bill in that case is grounded upon allegations of fraud 
 committed by the patentees and others holding through 
 or under them, by means of which the officers of the
 
 52 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 plaintiff were deceived into issuing and delivering the 
 patent. Fraud in various ways was charged against the 
 grantees under the patent, and the patent as an entirety 
 was involved in this issue raised, heard and finally de- 
 termined in the circuit and supreme courts of the United 
 States. 
 
 "It is quite clear that had the United States suc- 
 ceeded in that suit, the decree would have affected the 
 title to the lands embraced in the patent lying in New 
 Mexico. Personal service was had upon the Maxwell 
 Land Grant Company in that suit, and an appearance 
 entered, and the suit after long delays, finally decided, 
 declaring the patent valid for the lands covered by it 
 wherever situated. The final judgment in this suit was 
 intended to be, and we think was, conclusive upon the 
 United States and all persons claiming through or under 
 it, whether the lands covered by the patent were located 
 in Colorado or New Mexico. 
 
 "The suit was instituted and contested through the 
 courts to a final decision in the court of last resort solely, 
 or mainly at least, upon the ground that such fraud had 
 been committed by the original grantees and those claim- 
 ing under them in locating the lands and extending the 
 true boundaries thereof in such manner as to deceive the 
 officers of the United States, and thereby caused them to 
 issue the patent ; that a court of equity would annul the 
 patent. The court found that there was no fraud proven 
 in the case, and that the patent was legal and valid, and 
 free from taint of fraud. 
 
 "The issue directly involved in the controversy was 
 that of fraud practiced upon the United States through 
 its officers. The determination was against the truth of 
 the facts alleged, and the United States, like any other 
 suitor in a court of justice, is bound by the final judg- 
 ment of courts of competent jurisdiction, when it elects 
 to litigate any question of fact in the courts. 
 
 "The supreme court of the United States affirmed in 
 distinct terms that there was no fraud committed in pro- 
 curing the patent to be issued by the patentees, or those 
 claiming under them ; that the patent was legal and is 
 the evidence of the legal ownership of all the lands em- 
 braced in it, or covered by it. 
 
 "It directly affirmed the non-existence of fraud, and 
 having done so in a proper case, the courts of the country 
 will not permit the plaintiff in any other suit, to contro-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 53 
 
 vert this judicially established fact, where the issue is be- 
 tween the same parties or their privies. 
 
 "The United States having exhausted its powers in a 
 fruitless effort to cancel this patent, it becomes the duty 
 of the courts and the people to abide the final judgment 
 of the highest tribunal to which a controversy can be ap- 
 pealed, and to seek redress for meritorious grievances, if 
 any exist, at the hands of a just and generous govern- 
 ment. ' ' 
 
 In the argument of counsel, Frank Springer, Esq., of 
 New Mexico, before the supreme court of the United 
 States, in the case first brought in the circuit court of 
 the United States for the District of Colorado, on the 
 part of the Maxwell Company, accurately and learnedly 
 discussed the motives which actuated the Mexican gov- 
 ernment in the making of these large grants of land. In 
 the entire history of jurisprudence in the West no abler 
 presentation of law and facts in any case was ever sub- 
 mitted by any member of the bar of the supreme court 
 of the United States. In his oral argument, extended 
 from the notes of the stenographer, Mr. Springer, among 
 other things, in conclusion, said : 
 
 "During the course of this discussion, there has been 
 frequent mention by counsel for the government of the 
 large size of this grant, and their argument has abounded 
 in allusions to 'principalities' and 'empires,' as if it were 
 supposed that the principles of law are so flexible that 
 they may be varied according to the subject matter, and 
 that there may be one rule applicable to a small property, 
 but another and different one to a great. It is a species 
 of argument much affected in cases like this, but it seems 
 to me an appeal far more befitting a jury trial than a 
 grave discussion before this court. 
 
 "It is but a repetition of the popular clamor for which 
 these Mexican grants have proved a fruitful subject, ever 
 since the advancing civilization of the country has given 
 them some value. Mexico has been denounced for making 
 them, and no epithet is found too severe to characterize 
 those who venture to claim their ownership. They are 
 said to be monopolists, land pirates, and robbers. Even 
 the tribunals, which seek by the force of judicial decision 
 to keep the plighted faith of the nation by sustaining 
 them when valid, are not secure from imputation of some 
 improper motive. 
 
 " It is well enough, in this connection, to remember that 
 times change, and people and conditions change with
 
 54 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 them. Whatever may be our notions now about the pro- 
 priety of putting such large bodies of land into private 
 ownership, we have no right to forget that these great 
 grants upon the frontiers of Mexico were made under 
 circumstances and motives of public policy totally dif- 
 ferent from those which now prevail. At that day the 
 country was of no value to the Mexican people. It was 
 not even reduced to possession by them. The greater 
 part of it was occupied and over-run by hostile tribes of 
 Indians, who were a constant menace to the outlying set- 
 tlements. The frontiers of those settlements were con- 
 tinually harassed by their inroads. So that with the 
 Navajos and Apaches on one side, the Utes on another, 
 and the Plains Indians on another, the whole region was 
 unsafe for the habitations of civilized men. Besides, it 
 bordered on a territory of the United States on the north, 
 and of Texas on the east, as to both of whom the Mexican 
 people were suspicious and uneasy. 
 
 "It became, therefore, a part of the deliberate policy 
 of the Mexican government to encircle these outlying 
 provincial settlements with large grants of land, made 
 to those adventurous spirits who were willing to lead 
 forth colonies, extend the frontiers of civilization, and 
 build up barriers against the inroads of their savage en- 
 emies, and the encroachments of their enterprising neigh- 
 bors across the border. For this purpose, it gave the 
 lands without stint, and without regard to quantity. As 
 to any value in the land itself, they gave it no sort of 
 consideration. A league then signified less than an acre 
 now in the fertile and secure valleys of the Ohio or Mis- 
 sissippi. Measurements and descriptions were rude and 
 carelessly made. It was never contemplated that thej'' 
 should be submitted to the tests by which scientific en- 
 gineers would define the boundaries of a bonanza mine, 
 or survey a lot on Broadway. 
 
 "The grantees of these lands paid for them, not in 
 money, but in the service they then gave the state, and 
 by the risks they took in maintaining a foothold upon 
 them. And the same may be said of the early American 
 pioneers who acquired them from their Mexican owners. 
 I doubt if any of those who now bawl the loudest about 
 the Maxwell Grant would have had either the sagacity 
 to secure it as Maxwell did, or the courage to hold it 
 through the perils of a quarter of a century of Indian 
 warfare. 
 
 "When this portion of its territory came to be ceded
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 55 
 
 to the United States, the Mexican government made it 
 an express condition that its previous grants of land 
 should be acknowledged and protected. It is a fact 
 worthy of note, that notwithstanding the desperate con- 
 dition of Mexico after the war ; with her armies dispersed ; 
 her strongholds in our possession; and our flag flying 
 over her capital; when the treaty of peace had been 
 formulated, and was ratified by the United States sen- 
 ate, with only the general clauses for the protection of 
 property rights which are usually quoted in the eighth 
 and ninth articles, the Mexican government refused to 
 ratify it until they had obtained a solemn guarantee 
 from the commissioners of the United States, added in 
 the form of a protocol, expressly stipulating that the 
 grants of land in the ceded territory made prior to May 
 13, 1848, should be acknowledged by the American tri- 
 bunals. 
 
 "And I say now, after the labors of the pioneers for 
 half a century have made it safe and comfortable to live 
 there, it lies not in the mouth of any man coming there 
 amid the ease and luxury of a palace car, to say that 
 Mexico had no right to make these grants, and the 
 grantees no right to own them. The United States, so 
 far as it depended upon its legislative and judicial de- 
 partments, has never sought to evade the obligations im- 
 posed upon it by this treaty. It has desired to ac- 
 knowledge and confirm the property rights derived from 
 Mexico. Whether great or small, in every case where it 
 is evident that the title would have been recognized or 
 perfected by the Mexican authorities, it has, as this court 
 has said, not sought to discover forfeitures, nor enforce 
 rigorous conditions. It has not sought to defeat them 
 by a rigid adhesion to strict rules, or the application of 
 refined technicalities. It has endeavoured to act as a 
 great nation, ready and anxious to perform its treaty 
 stipulations, ungrudgingly and liberally, as the law and 
 policy of nations enjoin. Its declared purpose, as long 
 ago stated by this court, has been to authenticate titles, 
 and to afford the solid guaranty to rights which ensue 
 from their full acknowledgment by the supreme author- 
 ity. 
 
 "To judge from the records of the nisi prius courts in 
 many of the western states and territories during the past 
 few years, an observer might well suppose that a United 
 States patent, instead of being a settlement of title, is 
 but the beginning of litigation; that instead of being a
 
 56 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 record proof of the final action of the government in dis- 
 charge of its treaty obligations, as this court has said it 
 shall be; instead of being the guaranty of peaceable and 
 quiet enjoyment, it is but a delusion and a snare; a trap 
 to catch confiding purchasers; and that its issue, even 
 at the end of protracted controversies, is but the signal 
 for fresh attack in the name of the government which 
 gave it, with all its accompanying train of expense, de- 
 lay, vexation, disaster, and ruin. It has become fashion- 
 able of late to attack United States patents. And so 
 feeble has become the security they afford, and so little 
 regard is shown for the sacred character which they were 
 supposed to possess, that their holders are called upon to 
 defend their validity in ruinous litigation, as often as 
 any covetous intruder or restless demagogue can get near 
 enough to the law officers of the government, to make 
 them hear his loud resounding cry of fraud. 
 
 "Macauley has somewhere given a picture of the 
 British public in one of its periodic attacks of morality, 
 and I am not sure but it might equally apply to those 
 paroxysms of virtue into which a portion of the American 
 public occasionally works itself. At such times, the cry 
 of fraud becomes epidemic throughout the land, and is 
 echoed far and wide. It is taken up by every man who 
 covets the possession of his neighbor. It is the cry of 
 indolence against activity and energy ; of envy against suc- 
 cess; of the sluggard against the vigilant. It is the cry 
 of every man who has slept away his opportunities, 
 against those who were shrewd to think and bold to act 
 when the time was ripe. It is the cry of every dema- 
 gogue, who is looking for some popular wave upon which 
 he may ride into public favor. And in the majority of 
 such cases, as in the case before us, it is found after all 
 to be little less than clamor — vox, et praeterea mJiil. 
 
 "Furthermore, it is one of the oldest maxims of the 
 law that it is for the public good that there be an end of 
 suits. If this bill can be maintained, then no title, rest- 
 ing on a United States patent, is safe from disturbance, 
 whenever its law officers, whether with good judgment or 
 bad, whether from motives proper or improper, see fit to 
 bring a suit. Nor can any man, so claiming, ever tell 
 when his rights are finally adjudicated. Suppose the 
 court should vacate this patent, on account of the errors 
 alleged in the location of its boundaries ; the court cannot 
 tell us where the true boundaries are upon the ground. 
 It cannot send corps of engineers to mark them by ap-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 57 
 
 propriate monuments in the field. It can not give us 
 a new patent. We must go back to the land department 
 for that." 
 
 Mr. Justice Miller: "Do you contend, Mr. Springer, 
 that this court has not the power to reform this patent? 
 Suppose the court should become satisfied that a patent 
 has been issued for a certain number of sections of land 
 in excess of the quantity authorized by law; could not 
 the court by a decree declare that the patent should not 
 include them? Or, if the proofs should show that this 
 grant was limited to the summit of the Raton mountains 
 on the north, and there were no other objection to such 
 a decision, could not the court direct a decree to be made 
 reforming the patent so that it should only include lands 
 within that boundary?" 
 
 Mr. Springer : ' ' Undoubtedly it might do either of the 
 things your honor suggests. But the difficulty is it would 
 settle nothing. If this grant had been laid off into town- 
 ships, and sections, as public lands are, and the patent 
 had been for certain of these sub-divisions, among which 
 were some improperly included, the patent could be re- 
 formed so as to exclude these, and it would remain still 
 a definite muniment of title for lands about whose boun- 
 daries or location there could be no further controversy. 
 But Mexico did not survey or describe her lands in this 
 way; when we undertake to locate a grant of land de- 
 scribed by natural objects alone, so as to conform to our 
 methods, we are compelled to mark the boundaries by 
 monuments erected vipon the ground, and by reference 
 to the courses and distances preserved in the field notes, 
 constituting a special survey which bears no relation to 
 any other survey, except that it may at some point be 
 connected with one of the known base lines or meridians. 
 If the court should decree that the patent should be 
 limited to such part of the tract which has been so sur- 
 veyed as lies south of the summit of the Raton mountains, 
 we are left without any definite or authoritative location 
 of that line upon the ground. If the Raton summit were 
 marked by a Chinese wall, or some other object so con- 
 spicuous and universally known that no two persons could 
 have different opinions about it, it might thus have that 
 degree of certainty on which such a decree could be based. 
 But the precise position of that summit is one of the dis- 
 puted facts of this case. There is conflicting testimony 
 as to how far the Raton mountains extend, and whether 
 the northern or the southern edge is the actual summit;
 
 58 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 and this question would arise and have to be litigated 
 afresh, every time such a patent was introduced in evi- 
 dence. We would have the same old controversy with 
 the government as to where the grant ends and the pub- 
 lic lands begin. This could only be determined by a 
 government survey, locating that line by scientific methods 
 as the other lines are located. And when after another 
 five years have been consumed in proceedings to that end, 
 we succeed in securing another survey and another 
 patent, some other attorney-general, having other and 
 different theories upon these questions, may bring a bill 
 to set aside that patent, on the ground that the land of- 
 ficers have been again mistaken. In fact, the relative 
 provinces of these two great co-ordinate branches of the 
 government would be reduced to this — if I may be 
 pardoned a homely illustration — that the land depart- 
 ment drives the stakes, and the courts follow after and 
 pull them up. 
 
 "What is to be the end of all this? And what is to 
 be the redress of these people whose property is for all 
 practical purposes thus confiscated under the guise of 
 equitable proceedings? Such a result would be revolting 
 to every proper sentiment of public honor. It is un- 
 worthy of a great nation like this; and yet it is a picture 
 not overdrawn, but is a legitimate deduction from the 
 principles contended for by the government counsel in 
 this case. 
 
 "It is a fact well known, both as a matter of public 
 history, and from the record of cases that have come be- 
 fore this court, that the validity of these Mexican grants 
 has been persistently denied by the American settlers 
 who went into that country after the tide of emigration 
 began to set that way. Squatters overran them in 
 swarms, picking out the choicest spots without giving 
 themselves the least concern about their titles. I venture 
 to say that the inroads of these enterprising bands have 
 given the grantees and their successors far more trouble 
 than the depredations of the savage tribes with which 
 they had originally to contend. They have fought these 
 titles in every way, and in every place where contest was 
 possible ; in court and out ; before the land tribunals, and 
 the executive departments. Every stage of the proceed- 
 ings looking to the final establishment of the title, and 
 the location of the boundaries by the United States au- 
 thorities, has been marked by controversies of some sort. 
 Their opponents have generally found powerful aid from
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 59 
 
 the land department, which has always been jealous of 
 Mexican grants, and has never lost an opportunity to de- 
 feat or curtail them by application of the most strict and 
 narrow rules of construction. As a general rule, the his- 
 tory of any of these grants has been that of one long 
 contest between the owners, seeking recognition of their 
 rights, on the one side, and the land officers of the United 
 States, aided by trespassing settlers, on the other; in the 
 course of which every weak spot in the title has been 
 tested by numerous and vigilant adversaries. In the very 
 nature of the case there could be no such thing as hasty 
 or inadvertant action. 
 
 "In this case, forty years have elapsed since the Ter- 
 ritory passed under the dominion of the United States; 
 and more than a quarter of a century has been consumed 
 in controversies and proceedings such as I have described. 
 It would seem obvious, according to the plainest dictates 
 of public policy, and in furtherance of that repose of titles 
 which the peace and order of society demand, that when, 
 after such protracted controversies, action is had by the 
 government purporting to be final, it should be so in fact ; 
 and that not only the claimants, but also the public, 
 should have the right to rely upon it as such. There 
 ought to be some time, in the history of a title, when it 
 will be safe to deal with it. There ought to be some time, 
 during the life of a generation, in which a title, for the 
 due acknowledgement of which the sacred honor of the 
 nation is pledged, shall become settled, so far as the ac- 
 tion of the government is concerned. 
 
 "There are some considerations higher than the merits 
 or the equities of any particular case. There are some 
 obligations which the government owes to itself and the 
 public, which are of far greater importance than the 
 possession of a few thousand, or a few hundred thousand 
 acres of land. The faith and credit which are due to its 
 public acts ought not to be lightly impugned. And when 
 so solemn an instrument as a patent, signed by the high- 
 est officer of the nation, bearing upon its face the great 
 seal of the United States, is duly and regularly given out 
 as the evidence of title, and the acknowledgement by the 
 supreme authority of the right of private property en- 
 titled to recognition by its treaties, — it ought to be as 
 sacred, and as safe from attack, from any quarter, high 
 or low, as the flag under which we live. The impeach- 
 ment of the good name of the government, the destruc- 
 tion of confidence in the titles which it gives, and the
 
 60 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 disturbance of public credit and business which follows 
 in their train, are public calamities, in comparison with 
 which the interests involved in this suit, were they all 
 that are claimed, pale into insignificance. 
 
 "Unfortunately it is not in the power of this court, or 
 of any other tribunal, to afford my client any redress for 
 the wrong it has suffered by the bringing of this most un- 
 founded suit. The expenses of litigation, the coloniza- 
 tion of its lands with fresh swarms of squatters, and the 
 ruin of its business for a long period of years, — all these 
 must be borne in silence. But if it shall in the end result 
 in an effectual declaration by this court, of the principles 
 which shall hereafter guide the officials of the United 
 States as to the hundreds of other titles in the territory 
 from which I come, then it will not have been entirely 
 in vain." 
 
 Relative to the first cultivation of any of the lands 
 upon the Maxwell Grant, the testimony of General Kit 
 Carson has been preserved, who in 1857, giving testimony 
 before the surveyor-general of New Mexico, said : "I 
 have known the property since 1845. I passed there in 
 1844 with Lucien B. Maxwell and saw large fields of corn, 
 beans, pumpkins, and a great deal of land cultivated, and 
 several houses built on the Big Cimarron. I went there 
 myself with Richard Owens in 1845 ; we built houses and 
 I had fifteen acres under cultivation. I left in August of 
 the same year for California. Lucien B. Maxwell settled 
 on the Rayado, in 1849, and has been there up to this 
 time : there are about 200 acres under cultivation, $15,000 
 in buildings, and about 15,000 head of stock on the grant. 
 Maxwell is the son-in-law of Carlos Beaubien and he holds 
 the land under the right of Beaubien." 
 
 The members of the Departmental Assembly at the 
 time this grant was made were Felipe Sena, Antonio 
 Sena, and Donaciano Vigil was the acting secretary. Don 
 Juan Andres Archuleta was the prefect. He, under or- 
 ders from the Department Assembly and the governor, 
 placed the grantees, Beaubien and Miranda, in possession 
 on the 18th of April, 1844. The place called Rayado was 
 settled just one year after the American occupation of 
 New Mexico. 
 
 The charges which were made against Beaubien by Fr. 
 Antonio Jose Martinez were declared to be false by the 
 Departmental Assembly, as appears from a report to 
 Governor Armijo, as follows:
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 61 
 
 ''Most Excellent Sir: In session today of this most 
 excellent assembly, in consideration of your excellency's 
 decree, has resolved upon the following opinion: 
 
 "This most excellent assembly being informed of the 
 petition of Mr. Carlos Beaubien, in which he states for 
 himself and in the name of his associate, Miranda, that 
 in consequence of an order issued by the most excellent 
 Governor Don Mariano Chavez, the free use and benefit 
 of their possession was forbidden them, and that this 
 was done on account of a petition made by the priest 
 Martinez and the chiefs of the Pueblo of Taos, falsely 
 stating that this land was granted to Don Carlos Bent 
 and other foreigners, the aforesaid statement of the priest, 
 Martinez and associates being untrue, this assembly be- 
 lieving that the order of suspension having been based 
 upon that false statement, and in view of the documents 
 which accredit the legitimate possession of Miranda and 
 Beaubien, and their desires that their colony shall in- 
 crease in prosperity and industry, for which purpose he 
 has presented a long list of persons to whom they have 
 offered land for cultivation, and who shall enjoy the same 
 rights as the owners of the land; that the government 
 having dictated the step for the sole purpose of ascer- 
 taining the truth ; that the truth having been ascertained, 
 and the right of the party established, is of the opinion 
 that the aforesaid superior decree be declared null and 
 void, and that Miranda and Beaubien be protected in 
 their property, as having been asked for and obtained 
 according to law. This is our opinion ; but your excel- 
 lency may determine what you may deem most proper. 
 
 "Felipe Sena 
 
 "Agustin Duran 
 
 "Antonio Sena 
 
 "DoNACiANO Vigil, Secretary" 
 
 It is interesting and worthy of preservation that some 
 of the greatest lawyers in the United States passed upon 
 the title to this great estate. The concluding paragraph 
 of an opinion delivered by one of America's greatest 
 jurists is as follows: 
 
 "The one unanswerable, conclusive reply to all the ob- 
 jections raised, and to all that could be raised (unless 
 indeed. Congress had been deceived by the fraud of the 
 petitioners into the confirmation, which no one suggests) 
 is that the United States are sovereign ; that they owned 
 the title to the tract in question, if the antecedent grant
 
 62 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 was void; that they had the undisputed, exclusive power 
 to grant or withhold ; to concede, with or without limita- 
 tions, and that they have chosen to confirm without limi- 
 tation ; that, to the expression of their will, their own 
 officers owe implicit obedience, and are without power to 
 question or evade what is expressed by the law to be 
 their duty. If it be necessary to quote authority in sup- 
 port of the proposition that the act of the sovereign, un- 
 like the deed of an individual, can confirm and make 
 valid a void grant or conveyance, the case of Wilkinson 
 V. Leland, 2 Peters, 627, is directly to the point. 
 
 "I can find nothing in this case, under any aspect in 
 which it can be viewed, to justify the land officers of the 
 United States in refusing to survey this grant as con- 
 firmed by congress. With all the respect which I en- 
 tertain for their opinions, I cannot doubt that they are 
 (without the least intention of doing so) inflicting a 
 grievous injustice on the purchasers by refusing to sur- 
 vey the grant unless restricted in the manner they pro- 
 pose. J. P. Benjamin 
 
 "Temple, 18th January, 1871." 
 
 In addition to the foregoing opinion others of like tenor 
 were given by Thomas F. Bayard, William M. Evarts, 
 Noah Davis, George T. Curtis, and George H. Williams. 
 
 151 SANTIAGO BONE and OTHERS. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 35 q. v. 
 
 152 FRANCISCO BACA y ORTIZ and SANTIAGO 
 ABREU to Maria Gertrudis Barcelo. August 6, 1844. 
 County of Santa Fe. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Tomas Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 153 CARLOS BEAUBIEN. 
 
 Petition in the name of the settlers of the Ponil. Santa 
 Fe, June 8, 1844. No action taken. 
 
 On January 8, 1841, Charles Hipolyte Trotier-Beaubien 
 and Guadalupe Miranda filed a petition with the gov- 
 ernor of New Mexico, Manuel Armijo, asking for a grant 
 of land in that portion of New Mexico now embraced 
 within the limits of Colfax county and a part of Las 
 Animas county, Colorado. The petition requested a tract 
 of land "commencing below the junction of the Rayado 
 and Red rivers, from thence in a direct line to the east to 
 the first hills, from thence following the course of Red
 
 THE SPANISH AKCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 63 
 
 river in a northerly direction of Uila de Gato with Red 
 river; from whence following along said hills to the east 
 of the Uiia Gato river to the summit of the table- 
 land (mesa), from whence turning northwest, following 
 said summit to the summit of the mountain which sep- 
 arates the waters of the rivers which run towards the 
 east from those which run to the west, from thence fol- 
 lowing the summit of said mountain in a southerly direc- 
 tion to the first hill east of the Rayado river ; from thence 
 following along the brow of said hill to the place of 
 beginning. ' ' 
 
 On January 11th, the governor, in conformity with law, 
 made the grant as requested. On February 22, 1843, 
 possession was given by Cornelio Vigil, a justice of the 
 peace of Taos. The following year Mariano Chavez, act- 
 ing governor, suspended the grant, basing his action upon 
 a complaint filed by the Rev. Antonio Jose Martinez, 
 joined by the principales and chiefs of the pueblo of Taos 
 who complained that the land in question, known as the 
 "rincon del Rio Colorado" had previously been granted 
 to the Indians by Carlos Bent, afterward appointed gov- 
 ernor by General Kearny and killed in the revolution of 
 January 19, 1847; they also charged that neither Beau- 
 bien nor Miranda were citizens of Mexico, but were 
 foreigners. 
 
 Manuel Armijo having been again appointed governor, 
 on the 18th of April, 1844, referred the matter to the De- 
 partmental Assembly, which body reversed the action of 
 Governor Chavez and approved the grant to Beaubien 
 and Miranda. 
 
 Guadalupe Miranda had been collector of customs for 
 General Armijo. Carlos Beaubien was a very prom- 
 inent man, and on September 22, 1846, when New 
 Mexico's first officials were named by General S. W. 
 Kearny, was appointed justice of the supreme court by 
 that army officer. 
 
 The petition filed by the grantees is as follows : 
 
 "Most Excellent Sir: The undersigned, Mexican 
 citizens and residents of this place, in the most approved 
 manner required by law, state: That of all the depart- 
 ments of the Republic, with the exception of the Cali- 
 fornias. New Mexico is one of the most backward in in- 
 telligence, industry, and manufactures, etc., and surely 
 few others present the natural advantages to be found 
 therein, not only on account of its abundance of water,
 
 64 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 forests, wood, and useful timber, but also on account of 
 the fertility of the soil, containing within its bosom rich 
 and precious metals, which up to this time are useless for 
 the want of enterprising men who will convert to the ad- 
 vantage of other men all of which productions of nature 
 are susceptible of being used for the benefit of society 
 within the department, as well as in the entire Republic, 
 if they were in the hands of individuals who would work 
 and improve them. An old and true adage says that 
 'what is the business of all is the business of none;' 
 therefore while the fertile lands in New Mexico, where, 
 without contradiction, nature has proven herself more 
 generous, are not reduced to private property, where it 
 will be improved, it will be of no benefit to the depart- 
 ment, which abounds in idle people, who, for the want of 
 occupations, are a burden to the industrious portions of 
 society, which with their labor they could contribute to 
 its welfare and honestly comply with their obligations. 
 
 ''Idleness, the mother of vice, is the cause of the in- 
 crease of crimes which are daily being committed, not- 
 withstanding the severity of the laws and their rigid ex- 
 ecution. The towns are overrun with thieves and mur- 
 derers, who, by this means alone, procure their subsist- 
 ence. We think it a difficult task to reform the present 
 generation, accustomed to idleness and hardened vice. 
 But the rising one, receiving new impressions, will easily 
 be guided by the principles of purer morality. The wel- 
 fare of a nation consists in the possession of lands which 
 produce all the necessaries of life without requiring those 
 of other nations, and it cannot be denied that New Mexico 
 possesses this great advantage, and only requires indus- 
 trious hands to make it a happy residence. This is the 
 age of progress and the march of intellect, and they are 
 so rapid that we may expect, at a day not far distant, 
 that they will reach even us. 
 
 "Under the above conviction we both request Your Ex- 
 cellency to be pleased to grant us a tract of land for the 
 purpose of improving it, without injury to any third 
 person, and the raising of sugar beets, which we believe 
 will grow well and produce an abundant crop, and in 
 time to establish manufactories of cotton and wool and 
 raising stock of every description. [Description as 
 worded in first part of note.] 
 
 "For the reasons above expressed, and being the heads 
 of large families, we humbly pray Your Excellency to 
 take our joint petition under consideration, and be
 
 m 
 
 
 '"^fy^^x^V' 
 
 ^ 
 
 l?lcii'Oitci tiei SvCtt^^T^^-vl 
 
 
 Coat of Arms of General De Vargas
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 65 
 
 pleased to grant ns the land petitioned for, by doing 
 which we will both receive grace and justice. 
 
 ' ' We swear it is not done in malice ; we protest good 
 faith, and whatever may be necessary, etc. 
 
 ' ' Guadalupe Miranda 
 ''Carlos Beaubien 
 ''Santa Fe, January 8, 1841." 
 
 Beaubien purchased the interest of Miranda, and in 
 1846 removed from Taos to the Cimarroncito, where he 
 found Lucien B. Maxwell residing. Beaubien died in 
 1864. His daughter, Luz Beaubien, became the wife of 
 Maxwell, who meanwhile had purchased the interests of 
 all the heirs of his father-in-law. Maxwell, in turn, sold 
 the property to an English syndicate, through the agency 
 of Wilson Waddingham, D. H. Moffat, and J. B. Chaffee. 
 Maxwell died at Fort Sumner, New Mexico, in compara- 
 tive poverty, July 25, 1875. 
 
 Beaubien was a native of Canada and was descended 
 from a long line of noble ancestors. The first represen- 
 tative of the name in Canada was Jules Trotier, born 
 in 1590, at St. Malod'lye au Perche, France, who mar- 
 ried Catherine Loyseau. His son, Antoine, Sieur des 
 Ruisseaux, married Catherine Lefebone, by whom he had 
 a son, Michael, Sieur de Beaubien, the first of the family 
 to bear that name. He married Agnes Godfroy de Line- 
 tot, and after her death he married Therese Mouet de 
 Moras. Louis Trotier, Sieur de Beaubien, son of the sec- 
 ond marriage, married Marie Louise Robida Manseaux. 
 They had a son, Paul Trotier, Sieur de Beaubien, who, 
 October 3, 1795, married Louise Charlotte Adelaide 
 Durocher, daughter of J. B. Durocher and Mar- 
 guerite Boucher-Denoix. Charles Hipolyte Trotier, 
 Sieur de Beaubien, was the first child of this marriage. 
 He came to the United States, using the name of Beau- 
 bien, and arrived in New Mexico in 1823, along with a 
 number of other French-Canadians. He settled in Taos, 
 where he married Paula Lobato, the daughter of a prom- 
 inent Mexican citizen. Of this marriage there were born : 
 Narcisco, killed in the revolution of 1847 ; Luz, the wife 
 of L. B. Maxwell ; Leonar, the wife of V. Trujillo ; 
 Juanita, who married L. D. J. Clouthier; Teodora, the 
 wife of Frederick MuUer ; Petrita, who married Jesus Gil 
 Abreu ; and Pablo, who married Rebecca Abreu.
 
 66 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 154 MARIANO VARELA, LUIS AGUILAR and JUAN 
 
 TOURNIER. 1845. 
 
 Registration of a mine called "El Santo Nino/' at the 
 Real de Dolores. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 155 ANTONIO FRESQUI to Francisco Lorenzo de Casa- 
 dos. Santa Fe, May 23, 1704. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Antonio Montoya, Alcalde. 
 
 156 LORENZO de CARABAJAL. Alburquerque, 1707. 
 
 Petition for title to lands granted in 1706. Possession 
 given by Martin Hurtado. 
 
 157 FRANCISCO JOSEPH de CASADOS. Santa Fe, 
 
 April 12, 1708. 
 
 Petition for lands. Petition granted by the Marques de 
 la Peiiuela and possession given by Juan Garcia de las 
 Rivas. Small tract near the City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Caspar Gutierrez de los Rios, Secretary of Government 
 and War. Cristoval de Gongora, Secretario del Cabildo. 
 
 158 JUAN DE RIBERA and MARIA GARCIA de NORIE- 
 GA, his wife, to Francisco Lorenzo de Casados. Santa 
 Fe, November 9, 1705. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. 
 
 159 MARTIN GARCIA to Clara de Chaves. 
 
 Donation. Santa Fe. December 1, 1710. House and 
 land in the City of Santa Fe. Before Juan de Ulibarri, 
 Alcalde. Cristoval de Gongora. 
 
 160 DIEGO VELASCO and MARIA de TAPIA, his wife, 
 
 to Juan Ruiz Cordero. 
 
 Conveyance. Sa^ita Fe, November 16, 1711. Before Diego 
 Arias Quiros, Alcalde. 
 
 161 MARIA DE CABRERA, widow of Joseph Luis de Val- 
 
 des, to Ana Baldes, wife of Lazaro de Cordoba. 
 
 Dower. Pueblo Nuevo de Santa Cruz. April 12, 1712. 
 Before Felipe de Aratia.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 67 
 
 162 JUANA DE SOSSA CANELA, widow of Salvador Ma- 
 tias de Rivera to Miguel Carrillo. City of Santa Fe, 
 August 17, 1713. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Juan Paez Hurtado, Gov- 
 ernor. 
 
 This deed (1713) refers to the Rio Chiquito and to a 
 church then being built; this is in all probability the 
 church which stood on the site of the present cathedral. 
 
 163 JUAN RODELO to Francisco Lorenzo de Casados. 
 Santa Fe, September 22, 1713. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Juan Garzia de la Rivas. 
 
 164 IDEM. 
 
 165 JUAN DE LEON BRITO and MARIA GRANILLO, his 
 
 wife, to Juana de la Cruz, widow of Josepli de la Vir- 
 
 gen. Santa Fe, November 25, 1713. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Juan Garsia de la Rivas. 
 
 Refers to a house standing in 1713 in the Barrio de Anal- 
 
 co, Santa Fe. 
 
 166 SEBASTIAN de VARGAS to Miguel de Coca. Santa 
 Fe, April 9, 1714. 
 
 Donation of one vara in a mine. Before Francisco Joseph 
 Tomas de Bohorques, Nicolas Ortiz Niiio Ladron de 
 Guevara, Joseph Manuel Giltomey. 
 
 167 CRISTOBAL CRESPIN. 
 
 Grant on the River Chama. 1714 and 1715. The peti- 
 tion is for ''Las sohras de tierras de las q. tiene regis- 
 trnda el Alferez Salvor de Santiestevan y el Capitdn Bar- 
 tolome Lohato de lo q. cupiere en dhas sohras de sem- 
 bradura de maiz y trigo en el Rio de Chama." Grant 
 approved August 29, 1714. Possession given August 21, 
 1714, by Sebastian Martin, Alcalde. 
 
 Re-validated November 25, 1715, by Governor Juan Ig- 
 nacio Flores Mogollon, who originally made the grant. 
 In these papei's are mentioned persons to whom grants 
 had been made by this governor about the same time, 
 viz : Nicolas Griego, Bartolome Lobato, Antonio de Sala- 
 zar, Nicolas de Valverde, Salvador de Santiestevan, Roque 
 de Pintto, Secretary of Government.
 
 68 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 168 JUAN DE LA MORA PINEDA to Juan Ruiz Cordero. 
 
 Santa Fe, April 22, 1716. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Juan Garzia de la Riva. House 
 and land. 
 
 169 DIEGO ARIAS de QUIROS. 
 
 In the matter of a reservoir he was constructing in the 
 City of Santa Fe, at the Cienega. This item, a testimonio, 
 covers sixteen pages and contains much of historical in- 
 terest. 
 
 Further proceedings were had in the same matter in 
 the following year, as appears from a document attached 
 to the foregoing. Phelix Martinez, Governor and Cap- 
 tain-General ; Miguel Thenorio de Alva, Secretary of War 
 and Government ; Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. 
 
 170 JUANA MARTIN, wife of Phelipe de Aratia to Cristo- 
 
 val Crespin. Santa Fe, October 28, 1718. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Don Francisco Joseph Bueno de 
 Bohorques y Corcuera, Alcalde. 
 
 171 CRISTOVAL CRISPIN to Miguel Duran. Santa Fe, 
 October 25, 1718. 
 
 Conveyance. Before Don Francisco Joseph Bueno de 
 Bohorques y Corcuera, Alcalde. 
 
 172 PEDRO LUCERO, CRISTOVAL GARCIA and VEN- 
 TURA DE LA CANDELARIA. 
 
 Question in regard to the sale of lands at Alhurquerque, 
 before Alonzo Rael de Aguilar, Teniente General of New 
 Mexico. Alhurquerque, April 3, 1722. 
 
 173 HERMENEJILDO SISNEROS, PHELIPE NERI 
 
 SISNEROS and JUANA SISNEROS vs. JOSEF 
 
 LUJAN and SEBASTIAN MARTIN. 1727. 
 
 Question as to sale of lands in Rio Arriba. Before Juan 
 Domingo de Bustamante, Governor and Captain-General. 
 This grant was originally made to Antonio Sisneros, 
 father of the complainants. 
 
 174 INHABITANTS OP SANTA CRUZ vs. JUAN, AN- 
 TONIO and CRISTOVAL TAFOYA. 
 
 Relative to pastures for stock; 1727. Before Juan Do- 
 mingo de Bustamante, Governor and Captain-General.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 69 
 
 Petition by certain citizens in regard to pasture lands 
 in the Caiiada de Santa Clara, which they had formerly 
 used, but the use of which shortly before had been de- 
 nied them by Juan de Tafoya, Antonio de Tafoya, and 
 their father, Cristobal de Tafoya, who claimed that they 
 had been granted the land for the use of their own herds. 
 
 This petition was presented to Governor Bustamante 
 on December 9, 1727, and he ordered the chief alcalde of 
 Santa Cruz de la Caiiada to have the Tafoyas appear 
 within three days after notification, and present their 
 title or grant for examination. 
 
 Antonio appeared before the alcalde and stated that 
 his brother was sick, and his father was at Jemez, but that 
 he (Antonio) would go to Santa Fe to see the governor. 
 It appears that on his failing to do this within the period 
 fixed, the governor ordered the alcalde to send him in to 
 Santa Fe. This was done, and the governor put him in 
 the guardhouse under arrest, and subsequently ordered 
 him to make reply within three days to the charges made 
 by the citizens in their petition. 
 
 Tafoya asked that the petition be delivered to him in 
 order that he might be able to answer the charges; and 
 stated that he would also explain why he had failed to 
 appear before the governor when first ordered so to do. 
 
 Here the proceedings abruptly end. It seems likely 
 that these Tafoyas were the same persons who subse- 
 quently had disputes with the Indians of Santa Clara in 
 regard to the same lands. These disputes were settled 
 by Governor Tomas Velez in the year 1763, in favor of the 
 Indians. 
 
 175 LEONOR M0NTA5J0 and MARIA ANTONIA de 
 CHAVES to Antonio de Chaves. Santa Fe, Septem- 
 ber 9, 1729. 
 
 Conveyance of a tract of land in Atrisco. Before Don 
 Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. 
 
 176 ANTE No. 175, q. v. 
 
 Ill PEDRO CHAVES. 
 
 Inventory of the estate and partition of the same by Don 
 Juan Paez Hurtado, Governor and Captain-General. 1736. 
 
 178 NICOLAS DE CHAVES. 
 
 This document is marked '^Escrituras de Dn. Nicolas de 
 Chaves, en ocho fojas."
 
 70 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 JUANA DE SEDILLO, wife of Francisco Garcia to An- 
 tonio de Sedillo. Alburquerque, January 9, 1734. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Geronimo Jaramillo, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 DIEGO PADILLA to Diego Borrego. Alburquerque, 
 January 7, 1734. 
 
 Donation of land. Before Juan Gonzales Bas. 
 
 ANTONIO SEDILLO, son of Joaquin Sedillo, to Diego 
 
 Borrego. Alburquerque, January 11, 1734. 
 
 Conveyance of a tract of land below the pueblo of Isleta. 
 Boundaries, north, the league of the pueblo of Isleta; 
 south, a twin alamo called ''Alamo de Culehra" ; east, 
 the Rio Grande ; west, the Puerco ridge. In the con- 
 veyance it is set forth that this tract was granted to the 
 father of the grantor by the crown. Before Juan Gon- 
 zales Bas. 
 
 This grant was made to the petitioner, Don Antonio 
 Sedillo, in the year 1769, whose petition stated "that at 
 the time when this kingdom was governed by his excel- 
 lency, Don Francisco Marin del Valle, I and other neigh- 
 bors of mine presented a petition asking a grant of lands 
 called 'Los Quelites/ which was granted and given to us, 
 and which we inhabited for four years, and it is now 
 nearly three years since the same was abandoned on ac- 
 count of the great risk and the small forces we had for 
 such a frontier. I therefore appeal to the Catholic zeal of 
 your excellency, and humbly kneel down before your roy- 
 al patronage, asking that your excellency concede to me 
 a tract of land, which at the end of the aforementioned 
 land grant I have registered, and which is called 'La 
 Canada de Los Apaches.' Its boundary on the east is a 
 hill called Cerro Colorado, which is the boundary of those 
 of Atrisco; on the west the point of a table-land, which 
 runs in said direction and which comes out of the said 
 Canada; on the north the grant of the settlers of the Rio 
 Puerco; on the south the boundary of Mateo Pino. This 
 I expect from the Christian zeal of your excellency, and 
 if at any time the said place should become settled, I 
 shall put no obstacle to their enjoying it, if they do not 
 prejudice me in the possession of my part, which I so 
 humbly ask for, and which I claim on account of having 
 no land of my own whereby to maintain my large family, 
 and because I am a poor man, and have been for over
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 71 
 
 twenty years in the royal service, as a private soldier, 
 corporal, sergeant, and on various occasions as a com- 
 manding judge and at present the chief alcalde of the 
 pueblos of Acoma, Laguna and Zuiii, for all of which I 
 pray your excellency, etc. . Antonio Sedillo" 
 
 The grant was made by Governor Mendinueta and 
 possession given by Don Carlos Jose Perez de Mirabal, 
 in the presence of Captain Baltazar Baca and Manuel 
 Torres, and the settlers of Atrisco and Rio Puerco, in- 
 cluding Manuel Vaca, Jose Chaves, and Lieutenant Juan 
 Bautista Montailo, and some ^^ Navajo Apaches.''^ The 
 Joaquin Sedillo Grant was confirmed by the court of 
 private land claims and surveyed for more than 22,600 
 acres. 
 
 The survey was of two tracts, of which No. 1 is claimed 
 by the heirs of Francisco Javier Chaves, and this conflicts 
 with the Lo de Padilla Grant. 
 
 Tract No. 2 is claimed by the Isleta Indians. It was 
 patented November 15, 1909. 
 
 179 MARIA GONZALES to Juan Carrillo. Santa Fe, 
 April 12, 1738. 
 
 Conveyance of lands. Before Antonio Montoya, Alcalde. 
 
 180 GREGORIO CRESPIN. 
 
 Grant by Don Gaspar Domingo de Mendoza, Governor 
 and Captain-General, Santa Fe, August 8, 1742. Boun- 
 daries : North, the lands of Captain Sebastian de Vargas ; 
 south, the road of El Alamo ; east, the lands of Captain 
 Juan Garcia; west, the lands of Juan Phelipe Eodriguez. 
 Possession given by Don Antonio de Hulibarri, Alcalde. 
 To his excellency the governor and captain-general : I, 
 Gregorio Crespin, inhabitant of the town of Santa Fe, 
 placed at the feet of the greatness of your excellency in 
 the best form that there may be allowed to me and say: 
 That because I am loaded with obligations and that I do 
 not have a piece of land for ploughing to discharge my 
 said obligations I have known of a piece of land which is 
 sitting on the other side of the river which are surplus 
 lands of Captain Juan Garcia de las Rivas, and its boun- 
 daries are the following: On the east they adjoin with 
 the lands of the said Captain Juan Garcia, on the west 
 with lands of Juan Phelipe Rodriguez, on the north of 
 Captain Sebastian de Vargas, and on the south with the 
 alamo road (camino del alamo), which lands I ask the
 
 72 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 greatness of your excellency to give to me as a grant in 
 the name of his majesty (whom may God preserve) and 
 if you will grant them to me that royal possession be 
 given to me, for I will receive grace, and I swear in due 
 form that this petition is not done in bad faith, etc. 
 
 Gregorio Crespin [rubric] 
 
 ORDER 
 
 In the town of Santa Fe, on the 8th day of the month 
 of August, 1742, I, the Lieutenant-Colonel Don Gaspar 
 Domingo de Mendosa, governor and captain-general of this 
 kingdom of New Mexico, in view of the present petition I 
 should and did command the alcalde mayor of this town, 
 Antonio de Ulibarri, to go upon the tract of lands 
 asked for by the petitioner and after examining them to 
 give him in the name of his majesty (God preserve him) 
 the grant he asks for himself, his children, and successors 
 by better right, observing at its delivery the circumstances 
 and necessary requirements such as are accustomed, and 
 especially the one that no harm shall result to third party ; 
 thus I provided and ordered and signed with witnesses of 
 my attendance for the lack of public or royal notary, 
 there being none, and upon the present paper, there being 
 none of the seal in said kingdom, to which I certify, etc. 
 Don Gaspar Domingo Mendosa [rubric] 
 
 Joseph de Terrus 
 
 Joseph Truxillo 
 
 . In the town of Santa Fe, on the 8th day of the month 
 of August, 1742, I, the Captain Antonio de Ullibari, al- 
 calde mayor and war captain of this town, before me ap- 
 peared Gregorio Crespin, inhabitant of the said town, and 
 showed me a grant of land made to him by the Lieutenant- 
 Colonel Don Gaspar Domingo de Mendosa, and having 
 seen it, I, the said alcalde mayor, went upon the lands 
 stated in this grant, and being upon them and having ex- 
 amined them I took the said Gregorio Crespin by the hand 
 and led him over the ground. He plucked grass, cast 
 stones, shouted, saying : ' ' Long live the King of Spain, my 
 lord Don Phillip the fifth" (whom may God preserve) fix- 
 ing for him the boundaries, which are : On the east with 
 lands of Captain Miguel Garcia de las Rivas, on the west 
 reaching up to the lands of Phelipe Pacheco, on the north 
 the highway for wagons that goes from this town to the 
 alamo (camino real de los carros que sale de esta villa 
 para el alamo) on the south side an ancient ditch which 
 forms the boundary of Juan Arguello; and at said act
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 73 
 
 of possession were present Phelipe Tafoya, Juan Antonio 
 de Apodaca, Juan Arguello, Juan Antonio de Archuleta, 
 whom I asked if they knew or have noticed whether any 
 one had a right to these lands, and all answered that 
 they did not know or have notice that any other person 
 had a right to the same, but they had always believed it 
 to belong to Captain Juan Garzia de las Rivas ; thus they 
 stated before me the said alcalde mayor, acting as judge 
 commissioner; for the lack of public or royal notary for 
 there are none in this kingdom ; upon the present kind of 
 paper, for there is none of the seal in these regions, to 
 which I certify. Antonio de Ulibarri [rubric] 
 
 Witt. : 
 
 Phelipe Tafolla; Juan Manuel Chirinos. 
 
 181 JUANA BACA to Joaquin Codallos y Rabal, Governor 
 
 and Captain-General. 
 
 A house and lot. Santa Fe, June 10, 1746. The gov- 
 ernor bought this property in order to destroy it as it 
 obstructed the approach to the new church. 
 
 This archive contains certified copies of two deeds, made 
 in 1714, which describe lands situate ''En la Calle Bl. q 
 ha de la plaza a la Yglesia nueha q se esta fahricando-/^ 
 translated — On the main street which goes from the plaza 
 to the neiv church which is being built. This shows that 
 the church which De Vargas built at the time of the re- 
 conquest, or the church which stood in Santa Fe before 
 1680, mentioned in archives No. 8 and No. 169, and which 
 was destroyed by the Indians in 1680, was on the plaza. 
 
 182 ANTONIO SISNEROS. 
 
 Only four pages and there is no date and no signature as 
 well. 
 
 183 ANTONIO CASADOS and LUIS QUINTANA. In- 
 
 dios Genizaros vs. . . Barrera, Diego de Torres, and 
 
 Antonio Salazar. 
 
 Matters relative to lands at Belen, county of Valencia. 
 This item consists of testimonios of the original papers 
 which were sent to the Conde de Fuenclara, Viceroy of 
 New Spain. 1746. 
 
 Some Indians claimed that lands at Belen were the 
 property of an Indian pueblo and that the Spaniards were 
 intruding upon them.
 
 74 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 184 NICOLAS DE CHAVES. Compromise with Bernabe 
 Baca. 
 
 Keported Claim No. 155, q. v. 
 
 185 JUANATILLA, a half-breed woman. 1747. 
 
 Inventory and partition of her estate. Pueblo of San 
 Buenaventura de Cochiti. Before Don Joaquin Codallos 
 y Rabal, Governor and Captain-General. 
 
 186 PARTIDO DE CHAMA. 
 
 Decree of Captain-General Tomas Velez Cachupin pro- 
 hibiting the abandonment of said Partido. Santa Fe, 
 August 1, 1749. 
 
 This is a decree prohibiting the abandonment of the 
 Chama district. 
 
 187 JUAN ROMERO to Joseph Cordova. San Francisco 
 
 Xavier del Pueblo Quemado, January 12, 1750. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Juan Joseph Sandoval, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 188 PEDRO CORDOBA to Lazaro Cordoba. Puehlo Que- 
 
 mado, February 12, 1750. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Juan Joseph Sandoval, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 189 LAZARO de CORDOBA to Antonio de Cordoba. Pues- 
 
 to de Nuestra Senora de la Soledad del Rio Arriba. En 
 
 la Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz. September 1, 1750. 
 
 Conveyance of lands. Before Juan Joseph Lobato, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 190 MANUELA de VEYTIA to Salvador Casillas. Santa 
 Fe, March 2, 1751. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lot. Before Joseph Bustamante 
 y Tagle, Alcalde. 
 
 191 ANA MARIA de CORDOVA. 
 
 Will. Pojoaque, March 16, 1753. Before Hilario Ar- 
 chuleta, Alcalde. 
 
 192 JOSEPH RODRIGUEZ to Tomas Casillas. Santa Fcy 
 May 8, 1753. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Nicolas Ortiz, Alcalde.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 75 
 
 193 JUANA GALVANA, a half-breed of Zia. 
 
 Inventory and partition of her estate. Before Antonio 
 Baca, Alcalde, 1753. 
 
 194 SEBASTIAN de VARGAS to Gregorio Crespin. San- 
 ta Fe, November 7, 1755. 
 
 Before Francisco Guerrero. Lands. 400 by 58 varas in 
 area. 
 
 195 MARCIAL MARTIN, Executor of Sebastian Martin, 
 deceased, to Francisco Chacon. Santa Cruz de la Can- 
 ada, December 14, 1763. 
 
 Before Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. 
 
 196 QUITERIA CHAVES. Petition sobre el repartimien- 
 to de Unas tierras a sus hijos naturales en defecto de no 
 tenerlos legitimos. Alburquerque, 1764. 
 
 Lands situate in Atrisco. Before Don Tomas Velez Ca- 
 chupin, Governor and Captain-General. 
 
 197 MARIA CHAVES, widow of Sebastian Martin. 
 
 Will. Puesto de Nuestra Senora de la Soledad, county of 
 Rio Arriba, May 2, 1765. Before Manuel Garcia Pareja, 
 Alcalde. 
 
 198 PETRONA de CARDENAS. 
 
 Will. Santa Cruz de la Canada. February 15, 1767. 
 Before Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. 
 
 199 ANTONIO and PEDRO CHAVES. 
 
 Grant. Reported Claim No. 99. 
 
 200 IGNACIO CHAVES, et al. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 96. 
 
 201 NICOLAS DE CHAVES. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 155. 
 
 This grant was made in 1768, January 20, to Ignacio, 
 Tomas, Miguel, and Antonio Chaves, all residents of the 
 valley of Atrisco, whose "fathers and grand-fathers were 
 the conquerors of this province" and who were anxious 
 "to follow in their foot-steps" according to the wording 
 of the petition. They also had in mind treating the Nava- 
 jos and Apaches "with love and Christian sincerity, en- 
 deavouring to attract them to a love of our Holy Faith"
 
 76 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 and all of whom were to be present when possession was 
 ordered given. The grant was made by Governor Men- 
 dinueta and possession was given by Captain Bartolome 
 Fernandez, who names with the Chaves Don Domingo de 
 Luna as a grantee, who had applied for the property 
 along with the others. 
 
 202 INHABITANTS OF CARNUEL. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 150. 
 
 203 CARRISAL. 
 
 Testimonio of proceedings relating to the re-settlement of 
 the same. Manuel Antonio San Juan, Sargento Mayor y 
 Capitan Justieia Mayor, El Paso del Rio del Norte. 
 
 The re-settlement of Carrizal; probably in the present 
 State of Chihuahua, Mexico. 
 
 204 FRANCISCO ANTONIO CHAVES and BARTO- 
 LOME MONTOYA, for themselves and 12 others of 
 Atrisco vs. DIEGO ANTONIO CHAVES. Atrisco, 
 1786. 
 
 Question of entrances, exits, etc. Before Don Juan Bau- 
 tista de Anza, Governor and Captain-General. Manuel 
 de Arteaga, Alcalde. 
 
 205 CEBOLLETA GRANT. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 46, q. v. 
 
 206 CEBOLLETA GRANT. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 46, q. v. 
 
 207 CEBOLLETA GRANT. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 46, q. v. 
 
 This was confirmed March 3, 1869, and was surveyed 
 in 1876. Its entire southern boundary is coterminous 
 with the northern boundary of the Paguate Purchase, 
 which is the property of the pueblo of Laguna. The 
 grant was patented in 1882. The question of the cor- 
 rect location of the Gavilan table-land has been a matter 
 of dispute for years. 
 
 208 TERESA CORTES. 
 
 Question in regard to the possession of lands at Abiquiu. 
 Before Alberto Mainez, Governor, in the year 1808, and 
 apparently continued until 1824.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 77 
 
 The expedie7ite contains forty-six fojas and is incom- 
 plete. 
 
 On page 1 of leaf 2 is a reference to the pueblo of 
 Ahiquiil having been founded in 1754, by Governor Veles 
 Cachupin. 
 
 209 JOSE ANTONIO CHAVES for himself and in the 
 name of the heirs of ESTEVAN and BERNARDO PA- 
 DILLA, all of San Andres de las Padillas. 
 
 Title as to lands. Before Don Jose Manrique, Governor, 
 1809. Lorenzo Gutierrez, Alcalde. 
 
 210 CANON DEL JEMEZ. 
 
 Complaint of settlers vs. Bias Lopez. November 6, 1809. 
 Before Don Jose Manrique, Governor. No action taken. 
 
 211 JOSE AGUSTIN de la PENA, and in the name of DO- 
 MINGO CHAVES, LUIS PADILLA and FRANCIS- 
 CO PADILLA and of the HEIRS of CLEMENTE 
 GUTIERRES vs. URSULA CHAVES. 
 
 Question as to lands, 1809. Before Don Jose Manrique, 
 Governor. 
 
 212 BUENAVENTURA CHAVES. 
 
 Question of lands in the Los Limas Tract. 1810. Before 
 Don Jose Manrique, Governor. 
 
 Los Lunas; there are matters of some historical sig- 
 nificance in this item. 
 
 213 ANTONIO CANJUEBE ; half-breed of the Pueblo of 
 Santa Clara. 1744 to 1817. 
 
 Petition in regard to a piece of land near the pueblo of 
 Santa Clara. Before Don Joaquin Codallos y Rabal, Gov- 
 ernor. Francisco de Roa y Carrillo; Phelipe Jacobo de 
 Nuanes; Santiago de Roybal, Vicar and Ecclesiastical 
 Judge; Antonio Duran de Armijo, Notary; Pedro Maria 
 de Allande, Governor; Bernardo Bonavia, Commandante 
 General, Durango. 
 
 This document is interesting rather than important. It 
 relates to a dispute between the pueblo of Santa Clara 
 and certain Indians of that puehlo, in regard to a strip 
 of land within the boundaries of the grant. These In- 
 dians claimed that the land in dispute had been acquired 
 by their grandfather, Roque Canjuebe, in exchange for
 
 78 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 other land nearer the pueblo ; that this occurred in 1744, 
 when their grandfather by permission of the Spanish gov- 
 ernment severed his tribal relations and became a Spanish 
 citizen. 
 
 The dispute about the land arose in 1815, when the 
 pueblo of Santa Clara objected to the Indians who 
 claimed to be Spanish citizens remaining within the 
 boundaries of the grant, and occupying lands there. 
 
 Governor Alberto Maynez decided in favor of the pueblo, 
 and some of the Indians who claimed to be Spanish citi- 
 zens and to have a right to the land in dispute, not only 
 because it had belonged to their grandfather, but also be- 
 cause they had occupied it long enough to acquire title 
 by prescription, made as many as three trips clear to 
 Durango and back, to lay the matter before the command- 
 ant general. It was finally settled by their surrendering 
 the land to the pueblo, and being permitted to take up 
 their residence wherever they saw fit. 
 
 The arguments advanced by the litigants in support of 
 their several contentions are quite interesting. 
 
 The pueblo of Santa Clara is referred to as ^'El Pueblo 
 de Santa Clara de los Caballeros." 
 
 214 TOWN OF CEVILLETA. 
 
 Reported Claim No, 95. 
 
 Don Juan de Oiiate gave the name to the pueblo. He 
 found it a small place and called it "New Seville." It 
 was a Piro pueblo. Onate also mentions a pueblo sixteen 
 miles north which would be about where Sabinal of today 
 is located ; there is an old ruin there, which was inhabited 
 in Oiiate 's time. 
 
 The pueblo of Sevilleta was destroyed in wars with 
 other tribes, according to Fr. Benavides, Memorial, p. 16. 
 In the year 1626, it was re-settled and a church dedicated 
 to San Luis Obispo, was built. This was the headquarters 
 of a mission and was the most northerly at that time of 
 the Piro settlements. In 1680, at the time of the driving 
 out of the Spaniards, this was a very small place, and the 
 inhabitants accompanied the Spaniards to El Paso. Ve- 
 tancurt, Cronica, p. 310, says of the place: "Y le habitan 
 tres familias, hoy estd asolado." Alonzo de Garcia — 
 Autos presentados en Disculpa, folio 45, says : " F habi- 
 cndome llegado al Pueblo de Sevilleta donde halle a los 
 naturales de dicho pueblo quietos y pacificos al paracer, 
 pues dejaron su pueblo, y me fueron siguiendo hasta el 
 del Socorro, que unos, y otros con de nacion Piros."
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 79 
 
 These Piros were not invited by the northern pueblos to 
 participate in the uprising; see Interrogatorios de varios 
 Indios, 1681, folio 125: "Que cogio un mecate de palmilla, 
 y marando en el unos nudos, que significahan los dias que 
 faltaban, para la egecucion de la tracion, lo despacho por 
 todos los pueblos Jiasta el de la Isleta sin que quedase en 
 todo el reyno, mas que el de la nacion de los Piros." 
 
 The Sevilleta Land Grant was made in 1819, with an 
 area of 224,770 acres; the claim was approved by the sur- 
 veyor-general in 1874. It was confirmed to Felipe Peralta 
 et al. by the court of private land claims, the area being 
 261,187.90 acres. 
 
 215 MARIA DE LA LUZ CANDELARIA. San Jose de las 
 Huertas, 1820. 
 
 Complaint against Francisco Miera in the matter of a 
 tract of land at San Francisco, jurisdiction of Las Huer- 
 tas. Before Don Facundo Melgares, Governor. 
 
 RANCHO DE CUBERO. Three loose papers relating to 
 a rancho situate between the pueblos of San Felipe and 
 Santo Domingo. Santiago Fernandez and Jose Alexandre 
 Quintana, claimants. Before Don Facundo Melgares, Gov- 
 ernor. 
 
 216 URSULA CHAVES, of Las Padillas, vs. JOAQUIN 
 PINO. 
 
 Question of a rancho by the name of "El Rita." 1821. 
 Before Don Facundo Melgares, Governor. 
 
 217 IDEM, q. v. 
 
 218 ANTONIO CHAVEZ, of Belen. 
 
 Petition for lands, 1825. The place called "Arroyo de 
 San Lorenzo." Boundaries: North, the Mesita del Ala- 
 millo ; south, Rancho de Pablo Garcia ; east. El Rio del 
 Norte ; west, el ojo de la Jara. Before the Territorial 
 Deputation. On March 3, 1825, this petition was granted 
 by the deputation. 
 
 These papers contain a reference to the Socorro Grant, 
 q. V. 
 
 219 INHABITANTS OF LA CANADA. 
 
 Permission given them to settle on lands near the pueblo 
 of Picuries, by the Territorial Deputation. May 2, 1829.
 
 80 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 220 SAMUEL CHAMBERS, a naturalized citizen. 
 
 Petition to the Territorial Deputation asking permission 
 to settle on the Rio del Poriil. Refused. November 10, 
 1830. 
 
 221 JOSE and RAMON TORRES. 
 
 Question of lands with the Cura, Vineente Chaves. Sa- 
 binal, November 9, 1831. Letter to Jose Antonio Chaves, 
 Jefe Politico. The lands are at the place called "Bosque 
 Redondo." 
 
 222 ANA MARIA del CASTILLO vs. MIGUEL SENA. 
 Santa Fe, May 20, 1834. 
 
 Claims a house and lot in the City of Santa Fe. 
 
 223 IGNACIO, FRANCISCO, JOAQUIN, JOSE and JOSE 
 DE LA CRUZ CHAVES and MIGUEL ARCHULETA 
 and NICANOR IDALGO. 
 
 Petition for lands at Galisteo. January 29, 1842. Before 
 Colonel J. Andres Archuleta, Prefect. Granted. 
 
 224 GRANT within the limits of the present State of Colo- 
 rado. 
 
 225 JUAN DE JESUS CORDOBA and JOSE MANUEL 
 TRUJILLO of San Pedro de Chamita. 
 
 A question as to water rights, 1843. 
 
 226 JOSE FRANCISCO BARELA to Juan Coquindo. 
 
 Valles de Santa Gertnidis de lo de Mora. October 7, 
 
 1844. 
 
 Validation of a conveyance of land. Before Tomas Ortiz, 
 Alcalde. 
 
 227 LUIS CARBONO. Grant. Valle de Santa Gertrudis 
 
 de lo de Mora, October 10, 1844. 
 
 The tract is situate at the place known as '^ La Cueva de 
 las Pescadores." By order of the Prefect of the First 
 District, Colonel Juan Andres Archuleta, dated January 
 3, 1844. Before Captain Tomas Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 228 LA CIENEGA. City of Santa Fe. Years 1826 to 
 1845. 
 
 Seven papers relating to this tract of land.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 81 
 
 229 TOWN OF CHAPERITO. 
 
 File No. 7, office of Surveyor-General, q. v. 
 
 230 MANUEL VACA to Fernando Duran y Chaves. Ber- 
 nalillo, May 5, 1701. 
 
 Donation of a piece of land ''que es la cantidad que al- 
 canzare un ttiro de piedra con la mano." 
 
 Before Joseph Rodriguez, Alcalde. Testimonio certi- 
 fied to by Joseph Rodriguez. 
 
 The original grant to the lands at Bernalillo, after the 
 re-conquest was made by General De Vargas, to Felipe 
 Gutierrez; it had previously been granted to Gutierrez 
 by Governor Cubero, December 3, 1701. The original 
 petition applied for a tract of land situate on "this side 
 of the Rio del Norte, in front of the house of Captain 
 Diego Montoya, which is called the Ancon del Tejedor 
 (Weavers' Bend), containing a league and a half in 
 area." De Vargas re-validated the grant in 1704, and 
 royal possession was not given until 1708 — by Martin 
 Hurtado, alcalde and war-captain. In 1742 Don Gaspar 
 Domingo de Mendoza required Antonio Ulibarri, chief al- 
 calde of Alburquerque, to ascertain and report to him 
 whether this tract had been occupied or abandoned, as 
 a grant of the same had lately been made to the Captain 
 Luis Garcia. Don Tomas C. de Baca testifying in this 
 case, declares that at the time of the making of the grant 
 the Rio Grande was to the east of the property. 
 
 231 JOSEPHA DOMINGUEZ, mdow of Matias Martin. 
 Santa Fe, 1710. 
 
 Presents will of her deceased husband. Before Captain 
 Phelix Martinez, Governor, and Captain Juan Paez Hur- 
 tado, Visitador General. This is a partition proceeding. 
 
 232 BENITO DOMINGUEZ. Grant. 8anta Fe, 1715. 
 
 Before Don Juan Ignacio Flores Mogollon, Governor. 
 Tract situate near the City of Santa Fe. 
 
 233 DIMAS XIRON de TEGEDA, husband of Ana Maria 
 Dominguez. 
 
 Claims dower from Jose Dominguez. 1716. Santa Fe. 
 
 234 CARLOS LOPEZ to Antonia Duran, widow of Pascual 
 
 Trujillo. Santa Fe, October 15, 1716. 
 
 Conveyance of land in Pojoaque. Before Juan Garsia 
 de la Riva.
 
 82 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 235 JUANA DOMINGUEZ. Santa Fe. 
 
 Will. January 12, 1717. Before Salvador Montoya, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 236 ROSA DURAN de AMIJO vs. ANTONIO de URRI- 
 
 BARRI. 1732. 
 
 Claims to be heir to estate of his deceased wife, Maria de 
 Chaves. City of Santa Fe. 
 
 Before Don Gervasio Cruzat y Gongora, Governor and 
 Captain General. Juan Antonio de Unanues. 
 
 JUAN BACA. Part of inventory of estate. Bernalillo, 
 1727. Antonio de Gruciaga, Secretary of Government 
 and of War, 
 
 237 JOSEPH DURAN. Grant. Santa Fe, August 18, 
 
 1743. 
 
 Before Don Caspar Domingo de Mendoza, Governor. Pos- 
 session given by Antonio de Hulibarri, Alcalde. Land on 
 the other side of the river in the City of Santa Fe. 
 
 238 LEONOR DOMINGUEZ, widow of Cristoval Xara- 
 millo, to Nicolas Duran. Alburquerque, December 11, 
 1734. 
 
 Conveyance of land before Juan Gonzales Bas. 
 
 PEDRO LUZERO to Nicolas Duran. Alburquerque, Au- 
 gust 10, 1735. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Juan Gonzales Bas, ''las 
 quales tuho por erencia de su difunto padre, Nicolas Lu- 
 cero, quien las poseo por mersed que de ellas y otras mas 
 se le yso en nombre de su Magd. cmno a originario fun- 
 dador de esta villa." No. 1040 q. v. 
 
 239 ANTONIO DOMINGUEZ. Grant. Santa Fe, August 
 
 14, 1742. 
 
 A piece of land on the other side of the river (meaning 
 the Rio Santa Fe.) 
 
 Before Don Caspar Domingo de Mendoza, Governor. 
 
 240 ANTONIO DURAN de ARMIJO. 
 
 Inventory of the estate and other papers. San Geronimo 
 de Taos, 1748. 
 
 Maria Gertrudis Duran de Armijo, daughter of the 
 above and Barbara Montoya, sole legatee. 
 
 Barbara Montoya. Will. Dated San Geronimo de
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 83 
 
 Taos, January 18, 1745. Before Francisco Guerrero, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 CRISTOBAL DE LA SERNA. Grant. 
 
 A rancho in the valley of Taos formerly held by Fer- 
 nando de Chaves. Boundaries: "por una parte el camino 
 de en medio, y por la otra el Ojo Caliente y por el oriente 
 una mono] era antigua, y por la otra, la sierra.' * Serna 
 first asked for this grant in 1710 and it was made by the 
 Marquis de la Penuela. In 1715 it was re-validated by 
 Mogollon, governor, and possession was given by Juan de 
 la Mora Pineda, alcalde. On November 24, 1724, the 
 grant was presented by Diego Romero to General Juan 
 Paez Hurtado, governor and visitador general, and by 
 him approved. The paper in this item is a testimonio, 
 made in 1743, by Francisco Guerrero, alcalde, and is 
 witnessed by Juan Domingo Paez Hurtado and Joseph de 
 Terms. It appears that the approval above mentioned 
 was intended to vest the title to the grant in the said 
 Diego Romero, as will be seen by the proceedings had be- 
 fore the alcalde, Francisco Guerrero, in May, 1743. The 
 words used in the approval by the captain-general are 
 "Diego Romero vesino de dicho puehlo presento esta 
 mersed que vista y reconosida por mi la doi por hastante 
 titulo en forma por visitador." 
 
 ANDRES and FRANCISCO ROMERO, ANTONIO de 
 
 ATTENCIO and ANTONIO DURAN de ARMIJO. 
 
 Petition for partition of the grant now called "Rancho 
 del Rio de las Trampas." The partition was made on 
 May 5, 1743, by Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 DIEGO ROMERO. 
 
 Petition to register a brand, 1714, 1715. Before Miguel 
 Thenorio de Alba and Juan Paez Hurtado, Governor and 
 Captain-General. Miguel Enriquez, Secretary of Gov- 
 ernment and War. 
 
 JUAN (A) and SEBASTIAN (A) de la Serna to Diego 
 
 Romero. Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz, August 5, 1724. 
 
 Conveyance of the above grant. Before Cristoval Tor- 
 res, Alcalde. 
 
 ANTONIO ATTIENSA and MARIA ROMERO, his
 
 84 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 wife, to Antonio Duran de Armijo. San Geronimo de 
 
 Taos, October 29, 1726. 
 
 Conveyance of house and 405 varas of land in the val- 
 ley of Taos. Before Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 BARBARA MONTOYA, Intestate, widow of Diego Ro- 
 mero and afterwards married to Antonio Duran de 
 Armijo. 
 
 Proceedings in the settlement of her estate. Before 
 Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Testimonio, May 18, 1748. 
 (Original.) 
 
 Further proceedings were had in this matter before 
 Juan Antonio Ordenal, Juez y Visitador, in the year 1749. 
 
 Don Joaquin Codallos y Rabal, Governor; Antonio 
 Martin, Alcalde; Phelipe Jacobo de Unanues; Juan Gar- 
 sia de Mora; Gregorio de Gardufio; Miguel Thenorio de 
 Alva ; Cristobal Torres, Alcalde ; Antonio Duran de Ar- 
 mijo; Thomas de Alvear y Collado. 
 
 241 JUAN TRUXILLO and TOMAS de TAPIA to Juan 
 
 Duran. Pueblo of Pojoaque, April 19, 1751. 
 
 Conveyance of house and land. Before Juan Joseph Lo- 
 vato, Procurador General. Conveyance of 146 varas of 
 land. 
 
 242 DOMINGO BENAVIDES to Antonio Dominguez. 
 
 Santa Fe, October 24, 1751. 
 
 Conveyance of house and land. Before Jose de Busta- 
 mante Tagle, Alcalde. 
 
 243 CHATALINA DURANA, widow of Bartolome Gar^ 
 
 duno, intestate, Santa Fe, May 23, 1752. 
 
 Inventory of her estate. Before Jose de Bustamante 
 Tagle, Alcalde. 
 
 244 MANUELA BRITO to Antonio Dominguez. Santa 
 
 Fe, July 10, 1764. 
 
 Conveyance of house and land. Before Francisco Guer- 
 rero, Alcalde. 
 
 245 MARIA de ARCHIBEQUE, widow of Francisco Jo-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 85 
 
 seph de Casados, and Joseph Sanclies to Salvador Du- 
 
 ran. Santa Fe, November 15, 1764. 
 
 Conveyance of a rancho on the other side of the river 
 (Santa Fe). Before Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 246 MANUEL DURAN de ARMIJO of Alburquerque. 
 
 Will, inventory, and partition of his estate. 1764. Be- 
 fore Baltazar Griego, Alcalde. It seems that this man 
 was also known as Manuel Armijo, Segundo. 
 
 247 JUAN JOSEPH DURAN vs. ANTONIA de MEDINA, 
 
 widow of Batolome Truxillo. Santa Fe, 1767. 
 
 Claims the interest of his wife in the estate of said 
 Truxillo. Before Don Tomas Velez Cachupin, Governor 
 and Captain-General. 
 
 BARTOLOME TRUXILLO. Resident of Chama. 
 May 16, 1764. 
 
 Will. Executed before Joseph Esquibel, Alcalde. 
 
 TERESA ERRERA (HERRERA), resident of San 
 
 Joseph de Chama. 
 
 Will. Executed before Francisco Sanches, Alcalde, Sep- 
 tember 16, 1759. 
 
 BARTOLOME TRUJILLO. 1752. 
 
 Part of testimonio of grant to a rancho at Santa Rosa de 
 Ahiqui'U. Before Don Tomas Velez Cachupin, Governor. 
 Possession given by Juan Joseph Lobato, Alcalde. Testi- 
 monio certified to by the Governor, Don Tomas Velez 
 Cachupin. 
 
 BARTOLOME TRUJILLO. 
 
 Testimonio of petition to Captain-General Don Tomas 
 Velez Cachupin, for re-validation of grant to a tract of 
 land at Ahiquiu which petition was granted October 7, 
 1752. Testimonio dated November 7, 1766. 
 
 ANTONIO FELIZ VALDES LA VANDERA. Ahoga- 
 do en las Reales Audiencias, Chihuahua. 
 
 Decision, January 27, 1767. Antonio de Beitia, Alcalde; 
 Juan Joseph Lovato, Alcalde ; Phelipe Tafoya, Procura- 
 dor de la Villa de Santa Fe ; Francisco Antonio Zis-
 
 86 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 neros ; Juan Domingo Lobato ; Geronimo Esquibel ; Carlos 
 Fernandes; Domingo Labadia; Joseph Esquibel, Alcalde; 
 Manuel Garzia Pare j a, Alcalde ; Francisco Guerrero, Al- 
 calde; Juan Bautista Vigil; Joseph Maldonado; Julian 
 de Armijo; Antonio de Armenta; Mattheo de Peiiare- 
 donda. 
 
 248 GERTRUDES RODRIGUEZ to Salvador Duran. 
 
 Santa Fe, May 8, 1768. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Don Phelipe Tafoya, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 249 NICOLAS APODACA to Juan Jose Duran. Santa Fe, 
 
 April 20, 1776. 
 
 Conveyance of land in grant at Pojoaque. Before Manuel 
 Garsia Pareja, Alcalde. 
 
 250 JOSE DURAN y CHAVES. Intestate. San Carlos 
 
 de Alameda. 1783. 
 
 Inventory and partition of estate. Before Nerio Antonio 
 Montoya, Alcalde. Don Juan Bautista de Anza, Gov- 
 ernor ; Francisco Perez Serrano ; Vincente Troncoso ; Jose 
 Mareelo (also written Marzelo) Gallego; Jacinto Gu- 
 tierres. 
 
 251 MARIA DOMINGA vs. JUAN LA UREANO. Natives 
 
 of the Pueblo of Sandia. 
 
 Inheritance. 1792. Before Cleto Miera y Pacheco, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 JOSE JOAQUIN DE LISARRARAS y GAMBOA. 
 
 Of the Real Audiencia de Guadalajara. Official letter 
 relating to a murder case. 
 
 252 MANUEL DELGADO. Intestate. 
 
 Inventory and partition of his estate. Santa Fe, 1815, 
 Before Alberto Mainez, Governor. Juan Rafael Ortiz; 
 Marcos Delgado; Jose Francisco Baca; Fernando Del- 
 gado; Manuel Delgado; Antonio Ortiz; Ignacio Elias 
 Gonzales. 
 
 253 AYUNTAMIENTO of the Pueblo of San Lorenzo del 
 
 Real de Dolores. February 18, 1823. 
 
 Letter to the Provincial Deputation, asking information 
 in regard to area of lands.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 87 
 
 254 AGUSTIN DURAN, FRANCISCO BACA Y ORTIZ 
 
 and FRANCISCO BACA y PINO. 
 
 Petition for lands. 1826. Papers incomplete. Teodosio 
 Quintana, Secretary of the Territorial Deputation; Jose 
 Francisco Baca, Alcalde ; Antonio Narbona, Jefe Politico. 
 
 255 AGUSTIN DURAN and OTHERS. 
 
 Petition for lands between the pueblos of Santo Domingo 
 and SaJi Felipe. 1831. Before the Territorial Deputa- 
 tion. No final action taken. Abreu, Secretary. 
 Juan Antonio Cabeza de Baca, First ^ 
 
 Regidor f Ayuntamiento 
 
 Jose de Jesus Sanches, Second Regidor / of 
 
 Angel Maria Antonio Gonzales, Third V Santa Fe. 
 
 Regidor / 
 
 Jose Martinez \ 
 
 Ramon Aragon, First Regidor / ^ . • . 
 
 Antonio Jose Lusero, Second Regidorf Ayuntamiento 
 
 Jose Manuel Padilla, Fourth Regidor/ o ^^7- 
 
 Diego Montoya, Procurador Sindico \ Sandia. 
 
 Antonio Saenz, Secretary / 
 
 Petition by Agustin Duran and others, for lands 
 lying between the pueblos of Santo Domingo and San 
 Felipe. 
 
 It was presented to the Territorial Deputation of New 
 Mexico on April 14, 1831, and by that body was ordered 
 to be reported upon by the constitutional town councils of 
 Cochiti and Sandia. 
 
 The town council of the former place reported that 
 there was no objection to making the grant, notwithstand- 
 ing the fact that the pueblos of Santo Domingo and San 
 Felipe had a "Document" for the lands, dated in the 
 year "sixty" (evidently 1760). They say that the In- 
 dians had sufficient lands within their pueblo grants, and 
 had not cultivated the lands for which the petitioners 
 were asking. 
 
 The towTi council of Sandia reported, that in view of 
 the fact that the Indians had a very old "document" by 
 which the land had been granted to them, it could not 
 see how they could be dispossessed, and moreover it stated 
 that the Indians had cultivated some portions of the 
 land. 
 
 There is no evidence either in this archive or elsewhere 
 which shows that any grant was made to the petitioners. 
 
 The document referred to by the town councils of Co-
 
 88 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 chiti and Sandia was probably the grant of 1770, made 
 by Governor Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta to the pueblos 
 of Santo Domingo and San Felipe. This grant was filed 
 with the surveyor-general for New Mexico under the 
 act of July 22, 1854, but was not confirmed by Congress. 
 The claim, however, was finally presented to the court 
 of private land claims, and by that court was confirmed 
 on December 8, 1898. (See Reported No. 142, U. S. Sur- 
 veyor-General 's office. ) 
 
 256 TERRITORIAL DEPUTATION. 
 
 Decree relating to lands. August 9, 1827. Location not 
 given. 
 
 FRANCISCO ORTIZ, Lieutenant. 
 
 Certificate relating to titles to lands in the Real de los 
 Dolores. July 3, 1839. 
 
 257 FELIPE SENA. 
 
 Letter to the Governor of the Department. Santa Fe, 
 July 3, 1845. Relative to the colony at Dona Ana. 
 
 258 JUAN PAEZ HURTADO to Francisca de Eguijossa. 
 
 Santa Fe, September 7, 1713. 
 
 Conveyance of house and land. Before Juan Garsia de 
 la Riva, Alcalde. 
 
 259 VENTURA ESQUIBEL. 
 
 Petition for lands. 1734. Before Gervasio Cruzat y 
 Gongora, Governor and Captain-General. Refused. 
 
 260 MARIA ROSA MARTIN to Salvador de Espinosa. 
 Santa Fe, May 9, 1736. 
 
 Conveyance of land in Chimayo. Before Estevan Garsia 
 de Noriega, Alcalde. 
 
 261 FRANCISCO and JUAN MANUEL de HERRERA to 
 
 Joseph Esquibel. Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz, April 
 
 14, 1751. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Juan Joseph Lovato, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 262 ANTONIA de la SERNA to Joseph Esquibel. Villa 
 
 Nueva de Santa Cruz, July 17, 1751. 
 
 Donation. House and lot. Before Juan Joseph Lovato, 
 Alcalde.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 89 
 
 263 JOSEFA SENA to Clemente Esquibel. Santa Fe, 
 
 March 15, 1817. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Jose Francisco Baca, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 264 JUAN RAFAEL ESQUIBEL. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe, December 21, 1819. 
 
 265 ANTONIO ALEJANDRO ESQUIBEL. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe, December 21, 1820. 
 
 266 FRANCISCO TORRES to Clemente Esquibel. Santa 
 Fe, May 25, 1824. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Jose Ignacio Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 267 LUIS BENAVIDES vs. VICENTE BACA, Alcalde. 
 
 Santa Fe, 1827. 
 
 Complaint in regard to lands purchased from Maria 
 Manuela del Carmen Rodriguez. Before Antonio Nar- 
 bona, Governor {Jefe Politico). 
 
 268 JOSE ESTRADA. 
 
 Grant. Valle de Santa Getrudis de lo de Mora, October 
 7, 1844. Before Jose Ortiz, Juez de Primera Instancia. 
 Law of April 30, 1842. Articles 13 and 15 q. v. 
 
 269 PEDRO BUEN-AMIGO ESPERANZA. Petition. 
 
 Santa Fe, February 12, 1839. 
 
 Asks for land at Shapellote (Sapello?). No action taken. 
 No. 1244, q. v. 
 
 270 PHELIPE DE ARRATIA to Lucas Flores. Santa Fe, 
 
 November 23, 1700. 
 
 Conveyance of a house and lot. Before Antonio de 
 Aguilera Isasi, Alcalde. 
 
 271 MARTIN FERNANDEZ. 
 
 Petition. Jurisdiction of La Canada. Petition asks for 
 " sohras" of the lands of Cristobal de la Serna and Cris- 
 toval Tafolla, on the Trampas river. No date and no ac- 
 tion taken. 
 
 272 ANTONIO MONTOYA to Maria Fernandez de la Pe- 
 drera. Santa Fe, February 13, 1740. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lot. Before Juan Paez Hur-
 
 90 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 tado, Governor and Captain-General. Antonio Duran 
 de Armijo. Baltazar Montoya. Antonio Montoya. 
 
 273 IGNACIO JARAMILLO to Gabriel Fragoso. Santa 
 
 Fe, August 26, 1762. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lot in Alhurquerque. Before 
 Manuel Gallego, Alcalde. Lucas Moya. Ignacio Jara- 
 millo. Pedro Tafoya. 
 
 274 MARCOS RODRIGUEZ to Juan Joseph Fernandes de 
 
 Salasar and Juan Antonio Archuleta to the wife of the 
 
 same. 
 
 Conveyance and donation of lands. Saiita Fe, September 
 28, 1752. Before Manuel Gallego, Alcalde. Juan An- 
 tonio Ortiz. Pedro Antonio Tafoya. 
 
 275 FRANCISCO XAVIER FRAGOSO. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe, April 24, 1766. Before Lieutenant To- 
 mas Alarid and Ensign Francisco Esquibel. 
 
 276 SALVADOR de SANDOVAL to Carlos Fernandez. 
 
 Santa Fe, August 27, 1767. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Francisco Guerrero, Al- 
 calde. Francisco Xavier Fragoso. Jose Miguel de la 
 Pena. 
 
 277 NUESTRA SENORA de la LUZ SAN FERNANDO y 
 SAN BLAS. 
 
 Partition of lands. 1772. By Bernabe Montano y Cuel- 
 lar. Alcalde. By order of Don Fermin de Mendinueta, 
 Governor and Captain-General. Testimonio certified to 
 by the Governor. Atrisco Grant, q. v. 
 
 Nuestra Sefiora le la Luz San Fernando y San Bias : 
 ''We, Ensign Ramon Garcia Jurado and Antonio, and 
 Jose and Bernabe Manuel and Juan Baptista and Pedro 
 and Ramon Garcia Jurado, legitimate sons of Jose Mon- 
 taiio, all residents of the town of Alhurquerque, appear 
 before your Excellency and state that at the place called 
 Rio Puerco, there is some public land hitherto unsettled, 
 with little permanent water, and at the places we now 
 occupy, we are crowded and needy, for however much we 
 may labor in the field and in the cultivation of our lands, 
 we are unable to support ourselves nor always obtain 
 even sufficient for our daily maintenance, and we are 
 obliged to go out among the nearest Indian pueblos to
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 91 
 
 work for them, sometimes weeding their fields, sometimes 
 bringing firewood from the mountains for the small com- 
 pensation of a few ears of corn with which they pay for 
 this and other very laborious work. In consideration 
 whereof and to the end that our suffering stock may pas- 
 ture in some adequate place as in the said Rio Fuerco, 
 we therefore humbly pray that your excellency be 
 pleased in the name of his Majesty (whom may God 
 preserve) to make us a grant to the said lands, your ex- 
 cellency being pleased to bear in mind that our fathers 
 and grandfathers have served his Majesty in the con- 
 quest and reconquest of this province, as is well known, 
 as we also ourselves have done since we have been of age ; 
 participating in all the expeditions and campaigns that 
 have been projected against the savage enemies, without 
 up to this time having asked or having been given a piece 
 of land and if we now ask it of your Excellency it is be- 
 cause necessity compels us, especially the necessity of 
 pasturing our stock this winter, and on account of which 
 necessity we fear, and without doubt it will so prove, that 
 there will be a great mortality ; and therefore in order 
 to prevent this as well as on account of the benefit which 
 will result from the increase of the sacred tithes to our- 
 selves, the community, and the few additional persons 
 who may join us, for we all carry with us arms and horses, 
 although up to this time there has been no instance in 
 which the enemy has come in by that route, it being for 
 them very difficult as they run great risks of being caught, 
 and the mountains which they inhabit being far distant. 
 
 "Bernabe Manuel Montano" 
 
 The decree by Governor Tomas Velez Cachupin gave 
 authority to Don Antonio Baca, alcalde of Santa Ana, 
 Zia, and Jemez, to reconnoiter the country and make re- 
 port to him, which was done, as appears from the report 
 by the alcalde, November 2, 1753, dated at the pueblo of 
 Zia, on the 25th day of November of the same year. The 
 grant was made by Governor Cachupin and the alcalde 
 Antonio Baca instructed to place them in possession un- 
 der the royal protection. The governor named the place 
 Nuestra Senora de la Luz de San Fernando y San Bias. 
 The governor also advised the settlers "to preserve peace. 
 Christian unity and friendly social intercourse, in which 
 matter the chief Alcalde who now or may hereafter of- 
 ficiate in that jurisdiction, will exercise particular vigi- 
 lance and care and they are urged also to attend Mass
 
 92 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 on the holy days, taking care also that the young and 
 the Indians be taught the prayers and the Christian doc- 
 trine, which as Catholics, they ought to know." 
 
 The settlement was placed under the jurisdiction of 
 the chief alcalde of Santa Ana, Zia, and Jemez. The 
 original settlers as appear from the account of juridical 
 possession, were: Antonio Gurule, his wife and eighteen 
 children, including domestics, making twenty; Juan Za- 
 mora, his wife and six children ; Jose Castillo and wife ; 
 Pedro Montaiio, wife and three children ; Antonio Mon- 
 taiio, wife and three children ; Agustin Gallegos, wife and 
 three children ; Feliciano Hurtado, wife and two children ; 
 Jose Montaiio, wife and three children ; Jose de Jesus 
 Montano; Bernabe Montaiio and son; Marcos Baca, wife 
 and six children and two servants; Juan Baptista Mon- 
 taiio, wife and three children, two servants; in all twelve 
 families. The grant was confirmed on March 29, 1754, 
 by Governor Caehupin ; thereafter on the 18th day of 
 January, 1759, Governor Francisco Antonio Marin del 
 Valle compelled the settlers to appear before him and 
 obligate themselves to carry out the provisions of the 
 original grant, which they did. Whereupon the grant was 
 again made to these parties, and their successors. There- 
 after in 1769, owing to some erasures in the grant papers 
 made by Juan Baptista Montano, he w^as reprimanded 
 with great severity by Don Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta 
 for having tampered with the document. 
 
 Owing to the constant raids of the Navajos and Apaches 
 after having cultivated the land for upwards of twenty 
 years, the grantees were compelled to abandon it and it 
 was not until the later seventies that the property was 
 again occupied by the heirs of the original grantees. 
 
 Pedro Baca, a son of one of the original grantees, was 
 killed at San Bias by the Navajos. 
 
 278 JOSEPHA AEMIJO by her husband Koque Lobato 
 
 and Joseph de Dimas to Carlos Fernandez. Santa Fe, 
 
 August 22, 1770. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lands. Before Phelipe Tafoya, 
 Alcalde. Antonio Joseph Tafoya. Joseph Miguel Ta- 
 foya. 
 
 279 JULIANA FERNANDEZ. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe, May 21, 1785. Before Jose Maldonado, 
 Teniente.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 93 
 
 280 JUAN ANTONIO FERNANDEZ. Intestate. 
 
 Inventory and partition of his estate. Santa Fe, 1784. 
 Before Antonio Ortiz, Alcalde. Juan Bautista de Anza, 
 Governor and Captain-General. Francisco Perez Ser- 
 rano; Julian de Armijo; Vincente Troncoso; Fr. Jose de 
 Burgos; Vincente Armijo. 
 
 281 DOMINGO FERNANDEZ, SANTIAGO FERNAN- 
 DEZ, JUAN DE ABREGO, BUENAVENTURA ES- 
 QUIBEL, SANTIAGO RODRIGUEZ for themselves 
 and the other heirs of Bartolome Fernandez. 
 
 Petition for lands, 1815. Before Alberto Mainez, Gov- 
 ernor. The land called for was then known as the Eandio 
 de Cuberos and was originally granted to Bartolome Fer- 
 nandez and Josef Quintana by Don Manuel Portillo Ur- 
 risola, Governor and Captain-General. It was located 
 between the pueblos of Santo Domingo and San Felipe. 
 The petition was granted by Governor Maynez. Jose 
 Alejandro Quintana was given one-half of the rancho and 
 according to this item sold his one-half to the Indians of 
 San Felipe in 1818. 
 
 This is a lengthy manuscript in regard to a dispute be- 
 tween Domingo Fernandez et al. and Jose Alejandro 
 Quintana, in regard to the interest claimed by the latter 
 in the Santa Rosa de Cubero Tract, on the west side of the 
 Rio Grande, between the pueblos of Santo Domingo and 
 San Felipe. The dispute arose in 1819, and the allega- 
 tions of the contending parties disclose a pretty full his- 
 tory of the grant, which is said to have been made orig- 
 inally about 1761 or 1762 — during the administration 
 of Governor Manuel Portillo Urrisola. It is not necessary 
 to set forth the details of the contents of this archive 281, 
 as a complete translation into English is on file in the 
 surveyor-general's office, in suit 267, in the former U. S. 
 court of private land claims records. 
 
 The important feature of it is that on pages 34 to 37 
 of the original there is a deed made by Jose Alejandro 
 Quintana at Bernalillo on June 18, 1818, to the Indians 
 of San Felipe, for his interest (one-half) in this grant. 
 This deed shows that Quintana owned the southern half 
 of the tract, the northern half belonging to the heirs of 
 Bartolome Fernandez. 
 
 The boundaries of the grant were "on the north by the 
 Santo Domingo league, on the south by the San Felipe
 
 94 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 league, on the east by the Del Norte river; and on the 
 west by the table-land of Las Casitas, which they call that 
 of Cubero and Los Apaches. 
 
 This grant was confirmed by the court of private land 
 claims on December 20, 1898, and has been surveyed. 
 
 BARTOLOME FERNANDEZ appears in the La Majada 
 Grant, q. v. 
 
 Domingo Fernandez ; Jose Gutierrez, Alcalde ; Francisco 
 Ignacio de Madariaga, Asesor; Fr. Francisco de Hozio, 
 Cura of Santa Fe; Jose Petronilo Gutierrez, Alcalde; 
 Juan de Abrego ; Melgares, Governor. 
 
 282 DOMINGO FERNANDEZ. Grant. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 19, q. v. 
 
 283 DOMINGO FERNANDEZ and OTHERS. 
 
 Petition for lands in the place commonly called Pueblo 
 de Pecos. 1823-24. 
 
 Before Bartolome Baca, Governor and Jefe Politico. 
 Read in session of February 16, 1824, of the Territorial 
 Deputation. Not approved. 
 
 Domingo Fernandez was the original petitioner to the 
 Spanish government for the grant known as the Eaton 
 or San Cristobal, situate in Santa Fe county, N. M. He 
 states that he was a "son and descendant of the con- 
 querors and pacifiers of this Kingdom of New Mexico." 
 His petition for the grant, which he registered as "El 
 Pueblo de San Cristobal," is unique in its phraseology 
 and recites a number of facts of historical interest. His 
 petition was filed with the governor, April 26, 1822, at 
 which time he says "the ruins of the pueblo may be seen 
 and the walls of a sacred temple in a dilapidated condi- 
 tion and almost entirely razed to the ground, which calls 
 my attention speaking with ingenuity, as upon seeing that 
 sacred place where upon so many occasions the sacred 
 and awful sacrifice of the mass has been offered, and where 
 the most august sacrament was consecrated ; considering 
 that it is more than one hundred years since the natives 
 who inhabited it have abandoned it, and it appears that 
 Divine Omnipotence each day endeavours to make known 
 to us that it sustains the foundations of this holy place, 
 which is suffering under the disgrace of being a habita- 
 tion for beasts, a stable for sheep and a manger for cows 
 and calves, and, in a word, a lodging for brutes. His 
 Divine Majesty knows that by the sole efforts of His 
 great power and inscrutable providence he has moved my
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 95 
 
 spirit for so great a purpose, and that it may not pos- 
 sibly be thought that I solicit said land through avarice, 
 let the proof be made, let permission be given to me to 
 commence repairing it, which I promise to do as my cur- 
 tailed means will allow, and I will be careful to give no- 
 tice to our most illustrious bishop, in order that cere- 
 monies may be performed therein, although the pastoral 
 letter granted us that privilege, this being the principal 
 object I have in view in my petition." 
 
 The citizens of Santa Fe who were to assist Fernandez 
 in this laudable enterprise and who were to receive land 
 were of ''good behaviour and sound habits, according to 
 my sound judgment" as follows: Francisco Fernandez, 
 Antonio Sena, Juan de Jesus Rivera, Miguel Rivera, Jose 
 Maria Rivera, Ignacio Ortega, Jose Ortiz, Miguel Lobato, 
 Pablo Ortiz, Florentino Ortiz, Jose Trugillo, Mariano 
 Baca, Miguel Rodriguez, and Jose de Jesus Chaves, each 
 with the appellation of "Don." 
 
 The matter was referred to a committee by Don Pedro 
 Armendaris, president of the illustrious corporation of 
 Santa Fe, who visited the locality and reported that "if 
 the petitioners labor with all such perseverance as it is 
 seen those (the Indians) did, they will be rewarded for 
 their labor if they are aided by God our father with 
 water from heaven to fill their tank, as, in truth, from 
 the existing springs they will reap very little benefit." 
 The grant was made to Fernandez. He did not secure 
 possession, however and five years later filed another peti- 
 tion in which he states among others that from informa- 
 tion received from a native of Pojoaque, named Ramon 
 (Indian), in the presence of two witnesses "that the water 
 on the land is abundant and that it is covered up ; also 
 that the ornaments and sacred vessels are buried, which 
 he promised to show me and discover, together with the 
 water." The "ornaments" referred to are those which 
 were taken by the Indians at the time of the rebellion in 
 1680. He received the same information in reference to 
 the ornaments from Francisco, the "White-eyed," without 
 having been rewarded or requested, or compelled. 
 
 A favorable report was made by two aldermen of the 
 City of Santa Fe, July 26, 1827, Don Rafael Sarracino 
 and Don Miguel Baca, who Math the lieutenant of Ga- 
 listeo, Don Julian Lucero, had reported on the property 
 in 1822. On August 21, 1827, the grant was made to 
 Domingo Fernandez and thirty men, and possession was
 
 96 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 given by the first appointed constitutional alcalde, Don 
 Jose Maria Martinez, who "having taken Fernandez by 
 the hand, he entered and walked over the said land, he 
 pulled up weeds, and uttered loud exclamations of joy 
 and pleasure, scattered hand-fulls of earth, broke off 
 branches from the trees and said 'Long life to our pres- 
 ent President, Don Guadalupe Victoria! Long life to 
 the Mexican Nation!' " 
 
 The persons who had agreed to participate in the glor- 
 ious work outlined by Fernandez in his several petitions 
 failed to appear when the time for performance had ar- 
 rived, in consequence of which two years later Fernandez 
 again asked the political chief of New Mexico for "la 
 justicia. ' ' 
 
 On the same day the political chief, Chaves, issued an 
 order compelling the "settlers" to comply and in the event 
 of their failure other "industrious individuals" w^ere to be 
 substituted. 
 
 On January 20, 1851, Fernandez sold the property to 
 E. "W. Eaton and A. W. Raynolds. Eaton afterwards 
 acquired the title of Raynolds under a sheriff's sale and 
 by quit-claim from Raynolds. 
 
 The property today belongs to Benjamin F. Pankey. 
 
 The grant, as appears from the original title papers, was 
 made according to the provisions of the royal edict of 
 January 4, 1813, and also bears the approval of the Pro- 
 vincial Deputation, authorized by the government of 
 Mexico after the change from Spanish sovereignty. 
 
 284 DOMINGO FERNANDEZ. 
 
 Petition for vacant lands on the Pecos river. Santa Fe, 
 March, 1825. Lands granted by the Territorial Deputa- 
 tion, but no possession given. Captain Bartolome Baca, 
 Governor. Vigil, Secretary. 
 
 285 DOMINGO FERNANDEZ and OTHERS. 
 
 Same subject as ante, No. 284. No final action taken. 
 
 1828. 
 
 286 DOMINGO FERNANDEZ and JUAN ANTONIO 
 ARMIJO. 1828. 
 
 In regard to lands in '^El Canyon." No. 284-285, q. v. 
 
 287 RAFAEL FERNANDEZ and OTHERS. 
 
 Lands on the Pecos. No. 284-5-6, q. v. File No. 71 of- 
 fice of the Surveyor-General, q. v.
 
 ^^<^M'd^7n^c£'L 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Don Juan Domingo de 
 Bustamante, Governor and Captain-General, 1722- 
 1731. 
 
 jfez.<?^o # 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of General Juan Paez Hurtado, Gov- 
 ernor and Captain-General, 1701-5, 1717. 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Don Gerva^-io Cruzat y Gongora, Governor 
 and Captain-General, 1731-6. 
 
 .^''l[) ^ y/iU/^^ii^ . h/ayrt/Tau/t^f^in 
 
 Facsimile of Don Caspar Domingo de Men- 
 (loza, Governor and Captain-General, 1739-1743.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 97 
 
 288 DOMINGO FERNANDEZ, et al. 
 
 Lands on the Pecos. No. 284-5-6 q. v. 1829. Terri- 
 torial Deputation refused to confirm. 
 
 This is a petition from two Indians of the pueblo of 
 Pecos to the effect that they had been robbed of their 
 lands five years before and asking for relief. 
 
 289 MELCHORA de los REYES and SEBASTIANA de 
 MONDRAGON to Francisco Garsia. Santa Fe, Octo- 
 ber 2, 1700. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lands. No signatures to this 
 item. 
 
 THOMAS PALOMINO to Cristoval Truxillo. Santa 
 
 Fe, June 14, 1700. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Antonio de Aguilera y Isasi, 
 Alcalde. Tomas Palomino, Antonio Duran de Armijo, 
 Miguel Ladron de Guevarra. 
 
 290 DIEGO DE VECTIA (BEITIA) to Martin Garzia. San- 
 ta Fe, February 6, 1702. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Joseph Rodriguez, Alcalde. 
 
 291 MARIA GARSIA de NORIEGA. 
 
 Grant to a piece of land in Saiita Fe. May 1, 1702. Don 
 Pedro Rodriguez de Cubero, Governor and Captain-Gen- 
 eral. Antonio Aguilera Isasi, Alcalde ; Cristoval de Gon- 
 gora, Secretary of the Cabildo; Pedro de Morales, Sec- 
 retary of Government and "War. 
 
 292 FRANCISCO de la MORA to DIEGO GONZALES. 
 Santa Fe, December 12, before Joseph Rodriguez, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 Conveyance of rancho and lands granted in 1699 by 
 Cubero, Governor, to the grantor. Situate in the juris- 
 diction of Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz. Francisco de la 
 Mora, Antonio Lucero de Godoy, Domingo de la Barreda. 
 
 293 TOMAS JIRON de XEDA for himself and for his wife. 
 Ana Dominguez and Dimas and Maria Xiron, his chil- 
 dren, to Isabel Gonzales. Santa Fe, December 4, 1703. 
 
 Conveyance of a rancho which formerly belonged to 
 Alonzo del Rio. Before Lorenzo de Madrid, Alcalde. See 
 below; this name should be Texeda. Cristobal de Gon-
 
 98 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 gora, Secretary of the Cabildo ; Juan Manuel Chirifios ; 
 Ignaeio de Aragon. 
 
 TOMAS XIRON de TEXEDA to Juan de Archuleta. 
 
 Santa Cruz, February 12, 1698. 
 
 Before Roque Madrid, Alcalde. Conveyance of a rancho. 
 Joseph Antonio de Giltomey, Miguel Ladron de Guebara. 
 
 MANUEL BALLEJO to Juan de Archuleta. Santa 
 
 Cruz, November 11, 1697. 
 
 Before Miguel Ladron de Guebara, Alcalde. Conveyance 
 of a rancho. Miguel de Quintana, Joseph de Atienza. 
 
 294 MARIA and JUANA GRIEGO vs. DIEGO ARIAS de 
 
 QUIROS. 1703. 
 
 Suit in the matter of a piece of land in Santa Fe. Be- 
 fore El Marques de la Naba de Brazinas. There are three 
 signatures of this governor in this archive. Alfonzo Rael 
 de Aguilar, Secretary, etc. 
 
 This is the earliest reference to the old palace at Santa 
 Fe as the ^^Palacio Real.^^ 
 
 295 ANTONIO BAS GONZALES vs. DIEGO ARIAS de 
 
 QUIROS. Santa Fe, August 4, 1704. 
 
 Question of lands. Before Don Francisco Cuerbo y 
 Valdes, Governor and Captain-General Juan Paez Hur- 
 tado. Alfonzo Rael de Aguilar, Secretary of Govern- 
 ment and of War. 
 
 296 PEDRO DE ABILA to Diego Gonzales. Santa Fe, 
 
 April 4, 1701. 
 
 Conveyance of a fanega of land in San Cristobal. Before 
 Joseph Rodriguez, Alcalde, Testimonio. 
 
 297 FRANCISCO GARSIA. Grant. San Francisco 
 
 Xavier del Bosque Grande, February 5, 1706. 
 
 A tract of land called a "Joy a." Possession given by 
 Martin Hurtado, Alcalde, in the name of the King. Pos- 
 sibly this tract is in the present county of Rio Arriba. 
 
 298 DIEGO DE BEYTIA to Jose Manuel Giltomey. Santa 
 
 Fe, April 30, 1708. 
 
 Conveyance of a lot in Santa Fe. Before Juan Garzia 
 de la Rivas, Alcalde. Bartolome Sanches.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 99 
 
 This shows that the main street of Santa Fe was known 
 by the name of San Francisco in 1708. 
 
 299 JUAN GARCIA de NORIEGA. 
 
 Grant. A piece of land below Santa Fe. Before the 
 Marques de la Penuela, Santa Fe, August 13, 1708. Pos- 
 session given by Juan Garsia de la Rivas, Alcalde. Cristo- 
 bal de Gongora, Secretary of the Cabildo; Gaspar Gu- 
 tierres de los Rios, Secretary of Government and War. 
 
 300 FRANCISCO XAVIER de BENAVIDES to Juan Gar- 
 cia de Noriega. Santa Fe, August 20, 1711. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Alfonzo Rael de Aguilar, 
 Alcalde. Miguel de Sandoval Martinez. 
 
 301 NICOLAS, JOSEFA, MARIA and PEDRO GRIEGO 
 
 vs. JOSEPHA LUXAN. Santa Fe, 1712. 
 
 Question of lands. Before Alfonzo Rael de Aguilar, Al- 
 calde. Miguel de Sandobal Martinez. 
 
 302 FRANCISCO MONTES y VIGIL to Juan Gonzales. 
 
 Santa Fe, July 18, 1712. 
 
 Conveyance of a tract of land called "Alameda" granted 
 to the grantor by the Marques de la Penuela in 1710. Be- 
 fore Alfonzo Rael de Aguilar, Alcalde. Francisco Montes 
 y Vigil; Antonio Duran de Armijo; Juan Gonzales; 
 Cristobal de Gongora. No. 1029. 
 
 The Town of Alameda Grant was first surveyed in 1871 
 and had an area of more than 106,000 acres. The title 
 was confirmed by the court of private land claims and 
 under a new survey the area was reduced to about 89,000 
 acres. There is a conflict with the grant to the pueblo of 
 Sandia, as to that which lies east of the Rio Grande. No 
 patent has been issued. 
 
 303 JACINTO SANCHEZ to Juan Garcia de la Rivas. 
 
 Santa Fe, May 9, 1713. 
 
 Conveyance of a house and land in Santa Fe. Before Juan 
 Paez Hurtado, Alcalde. Diego Velasquez, Antonio Duran 
 de Armijo. 
 
 304 JOSEPH BLASQUEZ (VELASQUEZ?) to Joseph 
 
 Manuel Giltomey, Santa Fe, September 25, 1713. 
 
 Conveyance of a house and lot in Santa Fe. Before Juan 
 Garcia de la Rivas, Alcalde. Diego Velasquez. The sig-
 
 100 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 natures of this man in this item and that of No. 303 dif- 
 fer materially. 
 
 305 ANTONIO GODINES, of Santa Fe. 
 
 Will. April 19, 1713. Before Juan Paez Hurtado, Al- 
 calde. Joseph Maria Giltomey, Pedro de Roxas. 
 
 306 ALEJO GUTIERRES and BENTURA de la CAN- 
 DEL ARIA. Alburquerque, August 15, 1715. 
 
 Division of property. Before Luiz Garcia, Alcalde. An- 
 tonio de Silva, Baltazar Romero. 
 
 307 BALTAZAR ROMERO to Alejo Gutierrez. Santa Fe, 
 
 March 11, 1715. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lands in Alburquerque. Before 
 Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. Antonio Albarez Cas- 
 trillon, Joseph Maria Giltomey. 
 
 308 A TESTIMONIO of No. 307. 
 
 Felipe Tamaris. See No. 13. 
 
 309 FRANCISCA ANTONIA de GUEJOSA. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 109, q. v. 
 
 310 ANTONIO GALLEGOS, of Bernalillo. Intestate. 1715. 
 
 Inventory and partition of his estate. Before Juan Ig- 
 nacio Flores Mogollon, Governor and Captain-General. 
 Roque de Pintto, Secretary of Government and War. 
 Diego Montoya, Antonio Montoya, 
 
 311 CRISTOVAL TAFOYA vs. ISABEL GONZALES. 
 
 Jurisdiction of La Canada. 1715. 
 
 Suit for lands. Before Juan Flores Mogollon, Governor 
 and Captain-General. Joseph Truxillo, Alcalde. Juan 
 de Atienza, Joseph de Atienza. Antonio de Balberde 
 Cossio, General. Pedro de Villasur, Joseph Balentin de 
 Aganza. 
 
 312 JACINTO SANCHES to Petrona Gomez. Santa Fe, 
 
 November 9, 1716. 
 
 Conveyance of lot in Santa Fe. Before Francisco Lorenzo 
 de Cassados, Alcalde. Francisco Joseph Cassados. 
 
 313 JUAN RICO DE BROJAS and MARIA GUTIERRES 
 to Juan Garcia de la Rivas. Santa Fe, July 10, 1716.
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 101 
 
 Conveyance of land near Santa Fe. Before Lorenzo de 
 Cassados, Alcalde. Juan Manuel Chirinos, Salvador 
 Montoya, Antonio Duran de Armijo. 
 
 314 FRANCISCO GARSIA. 
 
 Before Phelix Martinez, Governor and Captain-General. 
 
 315 ANTONIO GUTIERREZ. 
 
 Grant. Land near Alhurquerque. Approved November 
 5, 1716. By Phelix Martinez, Governor and Captain- 
 General. 
 
 316 JUAN GONZALES BAS vs. JERONIMO de ORTE- 
 GA. 1731. 
 
 Question of lands above Alhurquerque. Before Gervasio 
 Cruzat y Gongora, Governor and Captain-General. Gas- 
 par Bitton, Juan Antonio de Vnaues. 
 
 317 JUAN ESTEVAN GARZIA vs. JUAN LUJAN. 
 
 Question of lands at Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz. 1731. 
 Before Gervasio Cruzat y Gongora, Governor and Cap- 
 tain-General. Land was sold to Juan Lorenzo Valdes. 
 Caspar Bitton, Juan Antonio Vnanues. 
 
 318 This is a continuation of the foregoing Item, with the 
 same signatures. 
 
 319 DIEGO GALLEGOS. 
 
 Petition for lands. September, 1731. Before Gervasio 
 Cruzat y Gongora. Not granted. 
 
 320 JUAN ESTEVAN GARZIA de NORIEGA. 
 
 Grant. Villa de Santa Cruz, 1735. A tract of land 
 above the Pueblo Colorado. Approved by Juan Paez 
 Hurtado, Governor and Captain-General. Revoked by 
 Cruzat y Gongora, Governor. No date. Diego Torres, 
 Alcalde. Miguel Martin Serrano, Joseph Terrus, Juan 
 Joseph de la Serda, Diego de Vgarte. Antonio de Uli- 
 barri, Colindante. 
 
 321 FRANCISCO XAVIER de MIRANDA to Francisco 
 
 Antonio Gonzales, Alhurquerque, March 25, 1735. 
 
 Conveyance of a tract of land in Atrisco. Before 
 Geronimo Xaramillo, Alcalde. Bernardo Ballejos.
 
 102 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 322 MANUELA GARCIA de las RIBAS, ISABEL MON- 
 
 TOYA and FRANCISCO QUINTANA. 
 
 Grant. 1735. Tract of land situate opposite the old 
 town of Abiquiu. Approved by Juan Paez Hurtado, 
 Governor, and possession given by Juan Estevan Garsia 
 de Noriega, Alcalde. Called in for record, by Governor 
 Cruzat y Gongora. No date. Antonio Montoya. Juan 
 Lorenzo Baldez, Antonio de Uribarri. 
 
 323 MANUELA LUSERO to Lazaro Garsia. Alburquer- 
 
 que, April 23, 1735. 
 
 Conveyance of house and land. Before Geronimo Xara- 
 millo. Alcalde. Francisco Antonio Gonzales. 
 
 324 JUAN ANGEL GONZALES and ANTONIA de 
 CHAVES to Diego Gonzales. Santa Cruz de la Cana- 
 da, May 10, 1736. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Juan Estevan Garsia de 
 Noriega, Alcalde. Miguel de Quinttana, Tomas Nuiies de 
 Aro. 
 
 325 ANTONIO GARSIA and THEODORA GONZALES to 
 
 Diego Gonzales. Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz, May 17, 
 
 1736. 
 
 Conveyance of a tract of land in the Canada. Before 
 Juan Estevan Garsia de Noriega, Alcalde. Alonso Rael 
 de Aguilar, Antonio Felix Sanchez, Miguel de Quinttana. 
 
 326 JOSEPH GONZALES, of Alameda. Intestate. 
 
 Inventory of his property. Before Juan Gonzales Bas, 
 Alcalde. 1738. Alexandro Gonzales, Isidro Sanehes. 
 
 327 JOSEPH DE HERRERA to Alonzo Griego. Santa Fe, 
 
 February 26, 1738. 
 
 Conveyance of lands. Before Antonio Montoya, Alcalde. 
 Juan Manuel Chirinos, Joseph Tamari (Tamaris?). 
 
 328 MARIA TAFOYA to Lazaro Garcia de Noriega. San- 
 ta Fe, April 26, 1739. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lands. Before Antonio Mon- 
 toya, Alcalde. Gregorio Garduno, Baltazar Montoya. 
 
 329 JUAN GARCIA de la MORA to Joseph Garcia. Santa 
 Fe, July 27, 1739.
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 103 
 
 Conveyance of house and lands. Before Antonio Mon- 
 toya, Alcalde. Gregorio Garduiio, Baltazar Montoya. 
 
 330 JOSEPH GARSIA to Manuel Sans de Garvisu. Santa 
 
 Fe, September 26, 1739. 
 
 House and lands in Santa Fe. Before Antonio Montoya, 
 Alcalde. 
 
 331 JOSE GARCIA to Juan Gavaldon. Santa Fe, Septem- 
 ber 9, 1739. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lands in Santa Fe. Before An- 
 tonio Montoya, Alcalde. Joseph de Terrus, Baltazar 
 Montoya. 
 
 332 SALVADOR GONZALES. 
 
 Grant. Reported Claim No. 82, q. v. 
 
 333 FRANCISCO GUTIERRES vs. GREGORIO de GON- 
 GORA. 
 
 Question as to land. Before Don Ignacio Codallos y 
 Rabal, Governor and Captain-General, 1744. Jurisdic- 
 tion of Bernalillo. Francisco de Roa y Carrillo, Fray 
 Manuel Zambrano, Felipe de Silba, Antonio Aramburu, 
 Joseph Roma de Vera, Alfonzo Rael de Aguilar. 
 
 334 FRANCISCO de ROA Y CARRILLO to Francisco 
 Guerrero. Santa Fe, July 17, 1744. 
 
 Donation of half a mine called ^^Nuestra Senora del Pilar 
 de Zaragoza.'^ Three leagues from the pueblo of 
 Picuries. Antonio de Hulibarri, Alcalde. Sebastian de 
 Apodaca, Joseph Roma de Vera. 
 
 335 JOSEPH DE TERRUS. 
 
 Entry of a mine. 1744. Before Joaquin Codallos y 
 Rabal, Governor and Captain-General. Situate two 
 leagues from Picuries and called ^^ Santa Rosa de Lima." 
 
 JOSEPH DE TERRUS to Francisco de Roa y Carrillo 
 
 and Francisco Guerrero. 
 
 Donation of the above. Antonio de Hulibarri, Alcalde. 
 Francisco de Roa y Carrillo, Sebastian de Apodaca, 
 Joseph de Roma de Vera. 
 
 336 HEIRS OF SEBASTIAN GONZALES. 1744. 
 
 Partition of lands. The heirs were the children of the 
 above and GERONIMO de ORTEGA, and were eleven
 
 104 THE SPANISH AKCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 in number. The lands were near Santa Fe. Partition 
 made bv Antonio de Hulibarri, Alcalde. ANTONIO de 
 ORTEGA for himself and other heirs to ROSA de AR- 
 CHIBEQUE, widow of said GERONIMO de ORTEGA. 
 1750. Donation of a piece of land. Before Joseph 
 de Bustamante Tagle, Alcalde. In 1760 further pro- 
 ceedings were had in this matter at the instance of the 
 said widow, Rosa de Archibeque. Lucas Miguel de Moya, 
 Joseph Maldonado, Carlos Fernandez, Francisco Guer- 
 rero, Alcalde, Thoribio Hortiz (Ortiz), Juan Antonio 
 Hortiz (Ortiz), Juan Phelipe Rivera, Fray Joseph de 
 Urquijo, Sebastian de Apodaca, Juan Francisco Arroniz, 
 Nicolas Rael de Aguilar, Lucas Moya, Phelipe Tafoya, 
 Antonio Joseph Ortiz, Joseph Reaiio. Bartolome Marques, 
 Mayor domo de Fahrica. Francisco Antonio Marin del 
 Valle, Governor and Captain-General. Bernardo de Miera 
 y Pacheco. The last named came to New Mexico from 
 Chihuahua in 1744. In 1768 together with Pedro Padilla 
 of San Andres (jurisdiction of Isleta) he was given a 
 grant of land on the Rio Puerco. P. L. C. No. 98. Possession 
 was given by Captain Francisco Trebol Navarro at the 
 ' ' Caiiada de los Alamos. ' ' 
 
 Sebastian Gonzales was the father of Sebastiana Gon- 
 zales. The following is certificate of his death and burial : 
 
 '^'On the eleventh day of the month of June, seventeen 
 hundred and twenty-six, died Sebastian Gonzales, mar- 
 ried to Luisa Ortiz. His age was sixty years, he received 
 the holy sacraments, and his body is interred in the 
 Chapel of Our Lady; and that it may so appear, I sign 
 on said day, month, and year. Ut supra. 
 
 ''Fray Joseph Antto. Guerrero [rubric] " 
 
 337 MARIA GRIEGO. Grant. Smita Fe, January 16, 
 
 1695. 
 
 Petition for a piece of land a quarter of a league from 
 the to'UTi. Approved by Don Diego de Vargas Zapata 
 Lujan Ponce de Leon, Governor and Captain-General. 
 Possession given on January 26, 1698, by Antonio 
 Aguilera Isasi, Alcalde. 
 
 PEDRO ANTONIO TRUJILLO AND VALENTINA 
 
 PACHECO. Santa Fe, 1745. 
 
 Compromise in the matter of the disposition of the es- 
 tate of the above. Before Juan Ant-onio de Hulibarri, Al- 
 calde. Alphonso Rael de Aguilar, Secretary of Govern- 
 ment and War. Miguel Tenorio de Alba, Secretary of
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 105 
 
 Cabildo. Antonio Arambuni, Joseph Roma de Vera, An- 
 tonio Rodriguez, Antonio Felix Sanchez, Joaquin Codallos 
 y Rabal, Gregorio Garduilo, Francisco Rodriguez, Joseph 
 Miguel Garduiio. 
 
 338 GREGORIO GUTIERREZ, of Alburquerque, vs. MA- 
 RIA SILVA, 1745. 
 
 Petition for ejectment. Before Don Joachin Codallos y 
 Rabal, Governor and Captain-General. Lands in Fuen- 
 clara. Possession by Joseph Baca, Alcalde. Bernardo 
 Ballejos, Marcial Rael de Aguilar. 
 
 339 JUAN MANUEL GAVALDON. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe. July 14, 1745. Before Juan Antonio 
 de Hulibarri, Alcalde. Antonio Felix Sanchez, Gregorio 
 Garduiio. 
 
 340 LUIS GARZIA, oi Alburquerque. 1746. 
 
 Petitions that the lands given to himself and his brothers, 
 Vicente and Alonzo, by Captain General Marques de la 
 Penuela be given to him alone. Granted by Don Joachin 
 Codallos y Rabal, Governor and Captain-General in the 
 same year. Ramon Garzia Jurado, Phelipe Jacobo de 
 Vnaues, Phelipe Barela, Geronimo Jaramillo, Miguel de 
 Alire. Juan Moya, Alcalde. Jose Leon Oneto Escobedo, 
 Antonio Gorole (Gurule). 
 
 341 LUIS GARCIA, of San Antonio, Jurisdiction of Albur- 
 querque. 
 
 Inventory of estate. Before Bernardo Antonio Busta- 
 mante Tagle, Alcalde and Teniente General este Reino y 
 Justicia Mayor. Ramon Garzia Jurado. 
 
 342 LUIS GARCIA de NORIEGA, of Alburquerque. 1747. 
 
 Proceedings in the matter of the partition of his estate. 
 Before Don Joachin Codallos y Rabal, Governor and Capr 
 tain-General. Will. No. 341, q. v. Joseph Baca, Al- 
 calde, Ramon Garzia Jurado, Miguel Montoya, Phelipe 
 Romero, Fray Juan Joseph Toledo, Miguel de Alire, Ben- 
 tura Romero, Domingo de Luna, Joseph Tenorio, Pedro 
 Romero, Fray Joseph Irigoyen, Joachin Marin. 
 
 343 LUIS GARCIA. 
 
 Proceedings in the matter of the settlement of his estate. 
 1747. Before Don Joachin Codallos y Rabal, Governor 
 and Captain-General. Nos. 341, 342, 414 and 1221, q. v.
 
 106 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 BARBARA GARCIA JURADO, widow of Luis Garcia 
 
 de Noriega. 
 
 Power of attorney to her father, Ramon Garcia Jurado. 
 In the matter of a suit brought by ROSALIA GARCIA 
 de NORIEGA against the estate of Luis Garcia. Testi- 
 monio. 
 
 ROSALIA GARCIA de Noriega was the daughter of 
 Luis Garcia by his first wife. Her husband was Don 
 Salvador Martinez. Joseph Romo de Vera, Ramon Gar- 
 cia Jurado, Lucas Miguel de Moya, Felipe Jacobo de 
 Vnanues, Phelipe Tafoya, Joseph Garsia. 
 
 344 MARIA de la CANDELARIA GONZALES. 
 
 "Will. Santa Fe, 1750. Before Joseph de Bustamante 
 Tagle, Alcalde. Lucas Moya, Tomas Casillas. 
 
 345 ANTONIO DOMINGUEZ to Phelipe Garduno. Santa 
 Fe, April 20, 1750. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Jose Bustamante Tagle, Al- 
 calde. Joachin Martin, Phelipe Tafoya. 
 
 346 HEIRS OF MICAELA BASQUEZ (VASQUEZ?), 
 
 widow of Francisco Gonzales de la Cruz. Santa Fe, 
 
 April 24, 1750. 
 
 Partition of estate. By Joseph de Bustamante Tagle, Al- 
 calde. Lucas Miguel de Moya. Phelipe Tafoya. 
 
 347 JUAN ESTEVAN GARSIA de NORIEGA, by Phelipe 
 
 Tafoya. 
 
 Petition for a rancho said to have been abandoned at 
 Casa Colorada, called "Santa Barbara." Before Don 
 Tomas Velez Cachupin, Governor and Captain-General, 
 1751. Report of the Alcalde, Juan Joseph Lovato, of 
 statement of Rosalia de Beytia, widow of Juan Antonio 
 Lujan, as to the reason of the abandonment. Juan Do- 
 mingo Lovato, Antonio Martin. 
 
 348 FELIPE NERIO SISNEROS to Manuel Gallegos. San- 
 ta Fe, June 5, 1751. 
 
 Conveyance of house and land. Before Joseph Busta- 
 mante Tagle, Alcalde. Torrivio Ortiz, Antonio de Huli- 
 barri. 
 
 349 ANTONIO TAFOLIA to Luis Fuera (Grazioso). San- 
 ta Fe, October 10, 1751.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 107 
 
 Conveyance of house and land. Before Joseph de Busta- 
 mante Tagle, Alcalde. Sebastian (Fresqui) de Apodaca. 
 
 350 JOACHIN MARTINES to Francisco Garcia. Santa 
 Fe, April 5, 1752. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lands. Before Manuel Galle- 
 gos, Alcalde. Lucas Moya, Pedro Tafoya. 
 
 351 MARIA DIECA GARDUNO, Intestate. Santa Fe, 
 
 1752. 
 
 Inventory and partition of her estate. By Joseph Busta- 
 mante Tagle, Alcalde. Juan de Gabaldon, Pedro Tafoya. 
 No. 350 q. V. 
 
 352 JUAN GABALDON. Grant. 
 
 This grant was made in the year 1752 to Juan de Gabal- 
 don by Governor Tomas Velez Cachupin. The petition- 
 ers agreed to erect a reservoir in the Tesuque river owing 
 to objections made by the corporal, Juan de Benavides, 
 who owned land near the pueblo of Tesuque. 
 
 When this grant was confirmed by the court of private 
 land claims and a new survey made it was found that a 
 small conflict with the grant to the pueblo of Tesuque was 
 made. 
 
 353 JUAN GARSIA de los REYES. 
 
 "Will. San Buenaventura de Chimayo, August 18, 1752. 
 Before Juan Joseph Sandoval, Alcalde. Nicolas Leal, 
 Salvador Varela. 
 
 354 MARIA de HERRERA, widow of Antonio Martin, to 
 
 Diego Gomez. Ojo Caliente, April 5, 1753. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Juan Joseph Lobato. Al- 
 calde. Jose Martin, Bisente Apodaca, Francisco Zaes. 
 
 355 NICOLAS GARCIA. 
 
 Will and partition of estate, by Nicolas Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 Santa Fe, 1754. Francisco Guerrero, Phelipe Romero, 
 Juan Antonio Ortiz, Joseph Maldonado, Thoribio Ortiz, 
 Joseph Miguel de la Peiia. 
 
 356 JOSEPH GARDUNO to Juan Gallego. Santa Fe, July 
 
 23, 1755. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 Joseph Miguel Gardufio, Julian de Armijo.
 
 108 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 JUAN TOMASA GALLEGO of Corral de Piedra, to 
 
 Clemente Esqiiibel. January 20, 1811. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lands. Before Jose Miguel 
 Tafoya, Alcalde. By endorsement. Antonio Tafolla. 
 
 357 LUIS DE ARMENTA to Cristobal Gamboa. Santa Fe, 
 
 June 20, 1759. 
 
 Before Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Lucas Moya, Manuel 
 Bernardo Garvisu. 
 
 Luis de Armenia was given a tract of land near the 
 City of Santa Fe. The grant was made by Governor 
 Cruzat y Gongora. In the act of possession mention is 
 made by Antonio de Uribarri of "the house of Sehastian 
 de Vargas along the hill" on the road from Santa Fe to 
 Pecos. 
 
 To His Excellency the Governor and Captain-General : 
 
 I, Nicolas Armenta, lieutenant of the pueblo of Our 
 Lady of Angels of Pecos, before your excellency, through 
 the medium of this petition, in the best form allowed me 
 by law, appear and say that whereas there exists in this 
 superior archive of the government a grant of land of my 
 deceased father (may he rest in peace), his name being 
 Luis de Armenta, and the said possession was given by 
 Captain Don Antonio de Ullibari, while he was alcalde 
 mayor of this town of Santa Fe, in the time when the 
 governor of this kingdom was Don Gerbacio Cruzat y 
 Gongora, I therefore ask your excellency, if you should 
 find it just, to have done to me what I have petitioned, 
 for which reason I ask and pray your excellency most 
 submissively to be pleased to command and do as I have pe- 
 titioned ; for in doing so I shall receive grace with justice, 
 which I ask; and I swear in due form that this my peti- 
 tion is not done in bad faith in the necessary, etc. 
 
 Nicolas Armenta [nibric] 
 Town of Santa Fe, May 26th, 1783, received as present- 
 ed; and in view of what the petitioner asks, I should and 
 do command that the testimonio which he prays for shall 
 be given to him, which is in the following tenor : " To his 
 excellency the governor and captain-general, I, Luis de 
 Armenta, resident of this town of Santa Fe, appear be- 
 fore your excellency in the best form allowed me by law 
 and say that in conformity with the royal ordinances of 
 his majesty I register a piece of unoccupied lands, in 
 which probably there can be ploughed two fanegas, lying 
 on the left hand of the road leading to the pueblo of
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 109 
 
 Pecos, and it adjoins with the alto of the arroyo de los 
 Chamisos, because it is royal domain and the said lands 
 lying almost in the woods (monte), for which reason until 
 the present day it is not known that they have had any 
 owner nor that any person who might have a right has 
 registered them. And because I am under the obligations 
 of wife and children, and I have no farming lands for 
 their maintenance, may the great justification of your ex- 
 cellency be pleased to make me a grant of the said lands 
 in the name of his majesty and command that the alcalde 
 mayor of this town give me the possession of the same and 
 the personal use in the name of his majesty. For all of 
 which I ask and pray of your excellency to be pleased to 
 grant me the said lands accordingly and as I have asked 
 for them, which is just; and I swear in form and in the 
 necessary. Luis de Armenta" 
 
 ''In the town of Santa Fe, on the 11th day of the 
 month of September, 1732, it having been seen by me, the 
 Colonel Don Gerbacio Cruzat y Gongora, governor and 
 captain-general of this kingdom of New Mexico and its 
 provinces, I received it as presented for what it may be 
 worth in law. In view of what the petitioner asks, I 
 made him a grant in the name of his majesty of one 
 fanega for farming at the place he cites, without preju- 
 dice to third party who may have better claim, and that 
 he be placed in possession in the land embraced by the 
 said fanega of farming land by Captain Antonio de Uli- 
 barri, alcalde mayor of the said town who will place the 
 boundaries that belong to it according to what has been 
 granted. Thus I provided, ordered, and signed with the 
 witnesses of my attendance for the lack of public or royal 
 notary, for there are none in this kingdom, and it is done 
 upon the present common paper, because there is none of 
 the seal in these regions. 
 
 "Don Gervacio Cruzat y Gongora 
 "Att. Witt.: 
 
 "Gaspar Bitton. 
 
 "Juan Antonio de Unanue. " 
 
 "In the town of Santa Fe, on the 19th day of the 
 month of April, 1733, I, the Captain Antonio de Ulibarri, 
 alcalde mayor and war captain of this said town, in 
 obedience to what has been decreed by his excellency the 
 Colonel Don Gervacio Cruzat y Gongora and captain- 
 general of this kingdom, I went upon the lands asked for 
 in his petition by Luis de Armenta, and being upon it I 
 gave him the royal possession, with all the customary
 
 110 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 formalities, fixing to him for boundaries of the fanega for 
 planting corn by the road that leads to Pecos, which road 
 starts from the house of Sebastian de Vargas, with the 
 hill (lomas) the first cross to another cross that it makes 
 on crossing another small hill (lomita), and to its size 
 on the east, where there are two other crosses; and that 
 it may so appear, I signed it with my attending witnesses 
 for the lack of public or royal notary, for there are none 
 in this kingdom. Antonio de Ullibari 
 
 "Judge Commissioner. 
 "Wit: 
 
 "DiMAS GiRON. 
 "PlIELIPE TaMARIS." 
 
 "And for the effect that may be proper, I certify that 
 it is the same to be found in the book of government 
 which he cites, which I authorize and sign, I, the under- 
 signed colonel of cavalry, political and military governor 
 of this province, with the witnesses of my attendance for 
 the lack of public or royal notary, for there are none in 
 all this government; to which I certify. 
 
 "Juan Bautista de Anza [rubric] 
 "Att. witt: 
 
 "VizTE. Troncoso. 
 
 "Franco. Perez Serrano." 
 
 358 JUAN GALLEGOS. 
 
 Will and partition of his property. 1760. Before Fran- 
 cisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 The will bears the signature of Fray Juan Joseph To- 
 ledo, and is dated at Tome, November, 1760. Bartolome 
 Frnz. (Fernandez) ; Maria Butierrez (Gutierrez) ; An- 
 tonio Lucero, el Soldado. 
 
 In the papers in the Ojo de San Miguel Tract the petition 
 of Don Bartolome Fernandez recites : 
 
 "I, Bartolome Fernandez de la Pedrera, brevet ensign 
 of this royal garrison of the Villa de Santa Fe, appear 
 before your excellency and state, sir, in consideration of 
 the many and great services that my deceased grand- 
 father. Captain Martin Hurtado, founder of the Villa of 
 Alburquerque, and ensign of the line of this said garrison, 
 pacificator of this province, rendered, and also those ren- 
 dered by my deceased father, also pacificator and ensign 
 of the line in the mounted company of the royal garrison 
 of El Paso, as well as those rendered by my brother, who 
 served his majesty and in whose service he died, and as 
 well as those rendered by myself, I have registered and
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 111 
 
 apply for a tract of vacant and unsettled land upon the 
 water shed of the Navajo province." 
 
 The tract was called the Ojo de San Mi^el and was 
 granted to him by Governor Don Pedro Fermin de Men- 
 dinueta in September, 1767. 
 
 In 1873, Don Lorenzo Baca, ninety-seven years of age, 
 a resident of Taos, says that Bartolome Fernandez de la 
 Pedrera was his great-grandfather on the maternal side ; 
 that his grandfather was Juan Antonio Fernandez, his 
 father's name was Jose Baca, and his mother's Maria 
 Rosa de Fernandez, the daughter of Don Juan Antonio 
 Fernandez; that, when a young boy he had herded sheep 
 and cattle upon this tract which was west of the Puerco 
 river, Chaco Mesa. He states that they had to leave on 
 account of the hostilities of the Navajos except when the 
 Indians became quiet, coming to Santa Fe and receiving 
 presents from the king. 
 
 359 MANUEL GARCIA PARE JAS, of Rio Arriba. 
 
 Will. April 15, 1763. Before Carlos Fernandez, Al- 
 calde. Joachin Garzia de Noriega ; Antonio Joseph Garcia 
 de la Mora. 
 
 360 LEONARDO GONZALES to Rosalia Gonzales, his 
 daughter. Donation. 
 
 House and land in Santa Fe. September 10, 1764. Vin- 
 cente Armijo; Lucas Moya. 
 
 361 JUAN ALONZO MONDRAGON to Francisco Gonzales. 
 
 Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz, November 13, 1764. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lands. Before Joseph Esquibel, 
 Alcalde. Juan Luis Cano Saenz; Joseph Antonio Lopez. 
 
 362 JOSEPH MARCELO GALLEGOS vs. PEDRO ITUR- 
 
 RIETA, of Belen. 1765. 
 
 Question of lands. Before Don Tomas Velez Cachupin, 
 Governor and Captain-General. No final decision. 
 
 Ignacio Cornelio Figueroa ; Isidro Trujillo ; Carlos Fer- 
 nandez ; Juan de la Cruz Holguin ; Juan Francisco Baca ; 
 Santiago Truiyo; Santiago Trugiyo; Joseph Maldonado; 
 Miguel Lusero; Toribio Garzia Jurado; Juan Manuel 
 Padia. 
 
 363 MANUEL GALLEGOS, of Santa Fe. Intestate. 
 
 Inventory of his estate. 1765. Before Nicolas Ortiz, Lieu-
 
 112 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 tenant-Governor. Joseph Miguel Garduiio; Bernardo de 
 Zena ; Pedro Tafoya ; Fray Andres Garcia. 
 
 364: BERNARDO de BUSTAMANTE to Juan Francisco 
 Gonzales. Santa Fe, May 2, 1767. Before Francisco 
 Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 Conveyance of lands. Juan Estevan Baca; Juan Fran- 
 cisco Nino Ladron de Guevara. 
 
 365 ANTONIA DURAN de CHAVES and AGUSTINA, 
 FRANCISCA and VICENTE, her grand-children to Pe- 
 dro Antonio Gonzales. Santa Fe, November 28, 1767. 
 
 Conveyance of lands. Before Francisco Guerrero, Al- 
 calde. IMiguel de Alire; Jose Miguel Tafoya; Lucas 
 Moya. 
 
 366 RAMON GARCIA. Santa Fe, June 14, 1768. 
 
 Will. Before Thomas Madrid, Lieutenant. Joseph Mal- 
 donado ; Juan Antonio Alari. 
 
 367 VICENTE ARMIJO, of Alburquerque, and MARIA 
 
 JOSEPHA LOPEZ, of Santa Fe, to Francisco Garcia. 
 
 Santa Fe, April 18, 1769. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Phelipe Tafoya, Alcalde. 
 Joachin Lain; Joseph Miguel Tafoya. 
 
 368 CRISTOBAL GALLEGO, Minor Heirs of, vs. JUAN 
 
 ROQUE GALLEGO. Question of lands. 
 
 Before Francisco Trebol Navarro, Alcalde. Lands situ- 
 ate at Bernalillo. Judgment versus the Plaintiffs by Don 
 Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta, Governor and Captain- 
 General, July 24, 1770. Manuel Zainz Garvisu; Joseph 
 Ibanez Corvera; Antonio Baca; ]\Iattheo de Penarre- 
 donda. 
 
 369 MANUEL MARTIN to Salvador Garcia. Nuestra 
 
 Senora de la Soledad, August 6, 1763. 
 
 Conveyance of lands. Before Carlos Fernandez, Alcalde. 
 Copy. Certified by Jose Manuel Martinez, Secretary. No 
 date. 
 
 370 VICENTE de SENA to Maria Antonia Gabaldon, alias 
 
 La Lusera. Santa Fe, November 2, 1768. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lands. Before Phelipe Tafoya, 
 Alcalde. Auacleto Miera; Joseph Miguel Tafoya.
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 113 
 
 371 CLEMENTE GUTIERREZ. 
 
 Inventory of his estate. 1785. Partition of the same. 
 Before Don Juan Bautista de Anza, Governor. 
 
 Pajarito Grant, Reported No. 157, q. v. 
 
 Joseph Mariano de la Peiia ; Francisco Perez Serrano ; 
 Antonio Villegas Ruiz ; Vincente Troncoso ; Cristobal Lar- 
 raiiaga; Lorenzo Gutierrez; Francisco Antonio Garcia; 
 Manuel de Arteaga ; Antonio Baca ; Manuel Alari. 
 
 Will of Clemente Gutierres made by his attorney, Josef 
 Mariano de la Pena, his son-in-law. Pajarito, ]\Iay 20, 
 1785. 
 
 372 JOSE ANTONIO GRIEGO. 
 
 Will and partition of his estate. 1785. Before Don Juan 
 Bautista de Anza, Governor. Property located in Santa 
 Fe. Jose Maldonado; Jose Miguel de la Pena; Juan de 
 Dios Pena ; Bernardo Bustamante ; Juan Miguel Garduiio. 
 
 373 EDUARDA RITA GARDUNO. Santa Fe, May 5, 
 1785. 
 
 Before Jose Maldonado, Lieutenant. Diego Antonio de 
 la Pena ; Juan Miguel Trugillo. 
 
 374 FERNANDO de la CONCHA to Josefa Griego. Do- 
 nation. Santa Fe, September 20, 1791. 
 
 House in Santa Fe. Before Antonio Josef Ortiz, Al- 
 calde. Maria de los Dolores Montoya; Josef Garcia 
 Griego ; Don Fernando de la Concha, Governor and Cap- 
 tain-General ; Manuel Delgado, Captain; Vincente Tron- 
 coso, Lieutenant; Pablo Sandoval; Fray Francisco de 
 Hosio (Ocio) ; Juan Ortiz, Lieutenant; Joseph Rafael 
 Sarracino, Postmaster. 
 
 375 FRANCISCO and ANTONIO GARCIA. 
 
 Grant. Year 1798. Reported Claim No. 25. 
 
 376 MIGUEL GALLEGO. Santa Fe, 1799. 
 
 Settlement of his estate. Before Antonio Arze. Jose 
 Campo ; Fray Francisco de Hosio ; Francisco Montoya ; 
 Jose Campo Redondo ; Juan de Dios Pena ; ; Martin de 
 Irigoyen ; Santiago Silva ; Jesus Lusero ; Juan de Abrego. 
 
 377 JULIAN BEJIL (VIGIL) to Juan Cristobal Garcia. 
 
 Alameda, April 20, 1806. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lands. Before Don Cleto Miera 
 y Pacheeo, Alcalde. Jose Gutierrez; Mariano Perea.
 
 114 THE SPANISH AKCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 378 JOSE GARCIA de la Moea. 
 
 Grant. 1807. File No. 783, Vallecito Grant. Surveyor- 
 General's office. 
 
 Vallecito was settled in 1824 with fifty-two settlers. The 
 place is about twenty-five miles from Abiquiu. The place 
 was abandoned in 1844 owing to the war with the Utes ; the 
 settlers returned in 1846. General Jose Maria Chaves 
 was an officer in this campaign against the Utes. He had 
 been a lieutenant under the Spanish government; under 
 the Mexican government he was made a captain of a 
 squadron of militia, auxilliary to the regular garrison, 
 and was also military inspector of the frontier district of 
 Abiquiu, El Rito, and Ojo Caliente. He frequently com- 
 manded the Mexican military forces in campaigns against 
 the Utes and Navajos. Under the American government 
 he was prefect of Rio Arriba three times and during the 
 Civil War and afterward was brigadier general of militia 
 of the district of northern New Mexico ; he was seven times 
 a member of the Territorial Legislature ; during the Mex- 
 ican regime he was alcalde for the district of Abiquiu, a 
 judicial position about equal to a county judge. 
 
 General Chavez was born in New Mexico, September 
 25, 1801, and with his parents removed to Abiquiu when 
 he was three years of age. He died at the age of 101 
 years. 
 
 379 ANTONIO GARCIA vs. BARBARA BERNAL. 
 
 Letter of Cleto Miera y Pacheco, Alcalde, November 2, 
 1808. Addressed to Don Jose Manrique, Acting Gov- 
 ernor. 
 
 380 VALLECTIO de XEMES. 
 
 Grant. Question of boundaries. Before Don Jose Man- 
 rique, Governor. 1808. Ignacio Sanchez Vergara, Al- 
 calde; Josef Tapia, Juez Commissionado ; Thorivio Gon- 
 zales; Miguel Montoya; Pablo Montoya. 
 
 Town of Vallecito or Santo Toribio de Jemez Grant. 
 
 This claim was rejected by the court of private land 
 claims. It was supposed to lie just north of the grant to 
 the pueblo of Jemez. 
 
 381 LUCIANO GARCIA vs. ESTATE OF ANACLETO 
 
 MIERA. 1815. 
 
 Before Maynez, Governor. For the recovery of purchase 
 money of a house in San Jose de las Huertas. Bernalillo
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 115 
 
 county. Juan Jose Gutierres, Alcalde ; Josef Mariano de 
 la Peiia, Alcalde ; Jose Marcos Baca. 
 
 382 XAVIER GARCIA, et al. 
 
 The Socorro Tract. Reported Claim No. 107. 
 
 The present city of Socorro is built upon the site of a 
 Piro pueblo, named Pil-a-bo. The Franciscan mission was 
 founded there in 1626 ; had a church and a convent, which 
 was dedicated to the ' ' Virgen del Socorro ' ' — Virgin of 
 Relief. The pueblo and all were abandoned in 1680, the 
 greater portion of the people following the Spaniards to 
 Paso del Norte. The dedication to the Virgin of Relief 
 was made in honor of Juan de Oiiate, who secured large 
 quantities of provisions from the pueblo of Teypama, just 
 across the Rio Grande from this point. The church was 
 still standing in 1692, when De Vargas came up the val- 
 ley ; the roof had been burned. See Esealante — Relacion, 
 p. 137. In 1725 the ruins of the pueblo could be plainly 
 seen. Rivera, Diario y Derrotero. 
 
 There are a great many ruins of ancient pueblos in the 
 vicinity of the present town of Socorro. There is a ruin 
 at El Barro, three miles north of the town, and also at 
 the Hot Springs, close to the mountain, three miles west. 
 Those at the Hot Springs are almost obliterated; they 
 stand on two bare promontories or small knolls, separated 
 by an arroyo or gulch. There is to be found opposite to 
 the promontory of El Barro, in the Arroyo de la Parida, 
 the ruin of a large pueblo, which consisted of at least 
 three edifices. This pueblo was built of adobe and in all 
 probability was two or three stories in height. 
 
 This grant was claimed to contain 843,259 acres and 
 was filed with the court of private land claims by Eu- 
 timio Montoya, of San Antonio, New Mexico. The claim 
 was rejected by the court. 
 
 383 MARIA VICTORIA GUTIERREZ vs. PEDRO MI- 
 GUEL GUTIERREZ. 1820. 
 
 Before Faeundo Melgares, Governor. Question of lands. 
 Bernalillo county. Jose Francisco Ortiz, Alcalde; Pedro 
 Miguel Gutierrez ; Santiago Moya ; Juan Isidro Gutierrez ; 
 Pedro Armendariz ; Pedro Bautista Pino ; Jose Petronilo 
 Gutierrez; Joaquin de Luna; Jose Gutierres; Pedro Jose 
 Perea. 
 
 Controversy between Maria Victoria Gutierrez and her 
 brother, Pedro Miguel Gutierrez, in regard to the owner-
 
 116 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 ship of a ranch, the location of which is not accurately 
 stated, but which apparently was at or near the place 
 called Angostura, some miles north of the town of Berna- 
 lillo, and in the neighborhood of the junction of the Santa 
 Ana (or Jemez) river with the Rio Grande. 
 
 In connection with this controversy one of the parties 
 thereto filed a certified copy of a number of documents, 
 which might possibly at some time be useful to the In- 
 dians of Santa Ana or San Felipe — probably the former. 
 
 This certified copy begins on p. 1, of leaf 22, and ends 
 on p. 1, of leaf 27. It is authenticated by Facundo Mel- 
 gares, then governor of New Mexico, on May 13, 1820, 
 and includes the following documents : 
 
 (1) Deed of August 4, 1790, by Juan Candelaria, a 
 San Felipe Indian, to Jose Miguel Garcia, a Spanish citi- 
 zen of Bernalillo, for a piece of land at Angostura, ac- 
 quired by purchase by Candelaria. The consideration was 
 sixty pesos. The extent of the land from east to west was 
 eighty-seven and three-fourths varas, bounded "on the 
 north by the embankment of the Santa Ana irrigating 
 ditch, and on the south by the edge of the old river." 
 
 (2) Statement of August 13, 1819, by Jose Mariano de 
 la Pefia, chief alcalde of Alburquerque, to the effect that 
 while acting under commission from Governor Facundo 
 Melgares, in carrying out the orders of the royal audien- 
 cia of the district dated March 27, 1818, the party named 
 in the preceding writing (la antecedente escritura) having 
 appeared before him, ''his sale and the fourth part of his 
 purchase" (whatever that may mean) were restored to 
 him. 
 
 The language used in the original is somewhat vague, 
 and the explanation of the reason for returning the land 
 to the party is not so clear that I may not be in error in 
 my interpretation of it, but, without giving to it more 
 critical study than its apparently slight importance seems 
 to justify at present, I understand it to mean this: — 
 That the land which had been sold subsequently was dis- 
 covered to be a part of land which the puehlo of San Fe- 
 lipe was compelled to surrender to the puehlo of Santa 
 Ana in obedience to a decision of the royal audiencia, and 
 that the former puehlo then returned to the vendor cer- 
 tain lands of equal area which formed a part of certain 
 lands which it owned by purchase at Algodones. 
 
 The San Felipe people were to recognize as their bound- 
 ary the old edge of the river, which boundary they had 
 disputed with those of Santa Ana.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 117 
 
 It is further stated that ''this document" is to remain 
 in full force and effect as a purchase from the community 
 of San Felipe. 
 
 Among the signers of this statement was Ignacio Maria 
 Sanchez Vergara, the protector of the Indians. 
 
 (3) Deed made at San Jose de las Huertas, on No- 
 vember 2, 1801, by Candelaria, a native of the pueblo of 
 San Felipe, to Jose Garcia de Noriega, for a piece of land 
 230 varas long, and 71 varas wide, had by purchase by 
 said Candelaria at Angostura. 
 
 The boundaries are stated to be, "on the north by the 
 vendor himself, and on the south by the land of the pur- 
 chaser himself, and on the east it is bounded by lands of 
 Bautista, and on the west it is bounded by lands of Mig- 
 uelito." 
 
 (4) Deed made at San Jose de las Huertas, on Novem- 
 ber 10, 1801, by Juan Rosalia, a native of the puehlo of 
 San Felipe, to Jose Garcia de Noriega, for a piece of land 
 acquired by purchase by said Juan Rosalia at Angostura. 
 
 The boundaries are, "on the north by lands of Cande- 
 laria, on the south by lands of Bautista, on the east it is 
 bounded by lands of Perucho, on the west by lands of 
 Bautista," and its extent is stated to be 350 varas by 37 
 varas. 
 
 (5) Statement by Jose Mariano de la Peila, dated 
 August 13, 1819, to the effect that while acting under 
 commission from Governor Facundo Melgares, in carry- 
 ing out the orders of the royal audiencia of the district, 
 dated March 27, 1818, the party named in the preceding 
 writing having appeared before him "his sale" etc., was 
 restored to him. 
 
 The reasons given for this action are the same as those 
 set forth in the document designated as (2) herein, and 
 it is stated that this present document is signed by Ig- 
 nacio Maria Sanchez Vergara, the protector of the In- 
 dians. 
 
 (6) Deed made at San Jose de las Huertas, on Sep- 
 tember 10, 1803, by Candelaria, a native of the puehlo of 
 San Felipe, to Jose Garcia de Noriega, for a piece of land 
 703 varas long, by 203 varas wide, at Angostura. 
 
 In recording the boundaries of the land no mention is 
 made of an eastern boundary, and one word which has 
 been changed, another which is probably erroneous, and 
 an omission of one or more words in another place, render 
 the boundaries extremely doubtful. It is impossible to
 
 118 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 make a satisfactory translation of them. The following 
 will give some idea of the condition of the original : 
 
 "And its boundaries are on the north it is bounded by 
 the same Indians of the pueblo of Santo domino (Do- 
 mingo?) and on the south it is bounded by house (this 
 word casa has been altered from something else) lands of 
 the said pueblo, and on the west it is bounded by the 
 (some word or words probably omitted here) probios (no 
 such word in Spanish) Indians. 
 
 (7) Deed made at Bernalillo on December 4, 1815, by 
 Jose Riailo, a native of the pueblo of San Felipe, to Jose 
 Miguel Garcia, for a piece of land at Angostura, which 
 is 323 and two and one half fourth varas long, and 94 
 and one and one half fourths varas wide. 
 
 The boundaries were, "on the north by lands of the 
 pueblo of San Felipe, on the south by lands of the same 
 pueblo, on the east by lands of the purchaser himself, 
 and on the west by lands also of the same pueblo." 
 
 The statement is made that the land was sold by the 
 consent of the whole pueblo. 
 
 (8) Statement by Jose Mariano de la Peiia, chief al- 
 calde of Alburquerque, dated August 13, 1819, to the ef- 
 fect that while acting under commission from Governor 
 Facundo Melgares, in carrying out the orders of the royal 
 audiencia of the district, dated March 27, 1818, the party 
 named in the preceding writing having appeared before 
 him "his sale," etc., was returned to him. 
 
 The reasons given for this action are the same as those 
 set forth in the document designated as (2) herein, and 
 it is stated that this present document is signed by Ig- 
 nacio Maria Sanchez Vergara, the protector of Indians. 
 
 The above statement is made by W. M. Tipton. 
 
 384 TORIBIO GURULE vs. CRISTOBAL GONZALES. 
 
 Question of lands. County of Bernalillo. 1821. Before 
 Don Facundo Melgares, Governor. Jose Miguel Aragon, 
 Alcalde; Feliz Pino; Manuel Trujillo; Antonio Trujillo; 
 Gregorio Ortiz; Tomas Antonio Bercera; Antonio Ruiz; 
 Juan Luiz Trujillo; Vincente Ferrer Duran; Antonio 
 Armijo. 
 
 385 JUAN GARCIA. Petition. 1821. 
 
 Before Don Facundo Melgares, Governor. Lands in San 
 Antonio de Carnue. Not granted. 
 
 386 TOMAS ANTONIO GALLEGOS vs. PEDRO GALLE- 
 GOS. 1822.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 119 
 
 Before Armendariz, Alcalde. Question of inheritance. 
 Plaintiff claims lands. Baltazar Perea, Alcalde; Marcial 
 Torres; Jose Maria Gutierrez; Francisco Trujillo; Pedro 
 Bautista Pino. 
 
 387 FRANCISCO GARCIA ; DOMINGO GALLEGO, Pri- 
 mero; FRANCISCO JURADO; PASCUAL ARCHU- 
 LETA; CRISTOBAL MARTIN; FRANCISCO GAL- 
 LEGO; ANTONIO JOSE GARCIA; JULIAN GAL- 
 LEGO; TOMAS MESTAS; MANUEL GALLEGO; 
 RAMO GALLEGO; JUAN MADRIL; SALVADOR 
 XARAMIO; MARCIAL ARCHULETA; DOMINGO 
 GALLEGO, Segundo. 
 
 Petition for lands. Year 1824. Before Don Bartolome 
 Baca, Governor. Petition granted and petitioners put in 
 possession of lands at Canones de Reafio by Francisco 
 Truxillo, Alcalde. Rio Arriha county. 
 
 Colonel Bartolome Baca, at one time governor or po- 
 litical chief of New Mexico, and Don Antonio Jose Otero, 
 appointed circuit judge by General S. W. Kearny^ were 
 among the first owners and settlers of the place known 
 as Manzano, of which there were in all one hundred and 
 sixty; the petition for the lands taken up by these was 
 presented to the corporation or ayuntamiento of Tome, 
 September 22, 1829, and it is rather remarkable that no 
 reference is made in any of the papers to the existence 
 of the celebrated apple trees of that place. The petition 
 recites that "not having the deed of possession to the 
 said town in which they have settled, and the site of said 
 town being known to be owned by no one, we request your 
 excellency to be pleased to grant us the possession thereof, 
 giving us the land which we are now occupying; giving 
 us as boundaries from north to south, from Torreon to the 
 old Mission of Abo, and from east to west, from the Mesa 
 de los Jumanos to the mountain ; all of which is to be for 
 pasture grounds and other common purposes, cross roads 
 and other uses necesary for every town established upon 
 all the solid basis of common and private property and 
 inhabited by the same ; requesting further, as a condition 
 for any of the above mentioned individuals, or any others 
 to be admitted in the future without injury to the former, 
 to the new town of Manzano, to acquire legal property 
 therein, that he shall construct a regular terraced house 
 of adobe in the plaza where the chapel is to be constructed, 
 (for which permission has been granted us), and he shall
 
 120 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 bring with him his property of every description, eon- 
 tribute to all community labor, procure the increase and 
 prosperity of the town, defending with arms the firesides 
 of his town to the fullest extent against any domestic or 
 foreign enemy; and finally, that the person who will not 
 reside in said town with the family belonging to him, and 
 who shall remove to another settlement, shall lose all right 
 he may have acquired to his property. 
 
 ' ' Tome, September 22, 1829. Jose Manuel Trujillo. ' ' 
 
 This petition was referred to the Territorial Deputa- 
 tion by the president of the ayuntamiento, Don Jacinto 
 Sanchez, with the statement that "the only objection 
 found being in regard to the arable land therein situated 
 belonging to the retired Lieutenant-Colonel Bartolome 
 Baca, who will be satisfied with the land which, as a new 
 settler, he may acquire, together with that which he has 
 purchased from other settlers, promising that although he 
 will not establish his residence there, he will cultivate and 
 improve the lands which may be recognized as his." 
 
 A "league" of land in each direction was granted by 
 the Territorial Deputation, of which Jose Antonio Chavez 
 was president, and Roman Abreu, secretary; when pos- 
 session was given, the center was named as being at ^'El 
 Alto del Pino de la Virgen," which was situate in the 
 middle of the cultivated fields. 
 
 388 JOSE MARIA GALLEGO. 
 
 Petition for lands "sohrantes" of the Pecos. 1825. Be- 
 fore Bartolome Baca, Governor. J. B. Vigil, Secretary, 
 of Territorial Deputation. 
 
 389 JUAN EUSEBIO GARCIA de la MORA. County of 
 Taos. 
 
 Petition. 1826. Question of lands against Felipe Gon- 
 zales, Before Don Antonio Narbona, Governor. Juan 
 Antonio Martin, Alcalde. 
 
 This is a dispute between Juan Eusebio de la Mora and 
 Felipe Gonzalez, in regard to a piece of land at or near 
 Taos. 
 
 There are six papers in this archive, but they are dis- 
 connected, and insufficient to give a perfect understand- 
 ing of the case. 
 
 The controversy between Garcia and Gonzalez arose in 
 1826, but the incipiency of the trouble appears to have 
 been not less than ten, and possibly more, years prior to
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 121 
 
 that time. Garcia claimed that Gonzalez had promised 
 him 100 varas of land in the tract, and insinuates that 
 Gonzalez knew that he was improperly holding the land 
 under a false claim of being an heir of the former owner. 
 Gonzalez denies that he had promised any land to Garcia, 
 and asserts that such promise was made by some people 
 named Sanchez who were living on the tract. 
 
 The information contained in this archive is fragment- 
 ary, but may be of use in connection with other sources 
 of knowledge. 
 
 There is a certified copy of certain clauses of the will 
 of Francisca Pacheco. The will was dated June 8, 1802 ; 
 the certified copy is by Antonio Narbona, then governor 
 of New Mexico, and is dated May 18, 1826. In this will 
 she names as her only heirs her brother Jose, and her 
 sisters Barbara and Margarita. As executors of the will 
 she names her brother Jose Pacheco and her nephew Joa- 
 quin Sanchez. In referring to the property she owned 
 she said, ' ' I declare that I have at Taos one hundred and 
 fifty varas of land." 
 
 Among the papers in this archive 389 is a copy of a 
 copy, not certified, at least if it was ever certified the cer- 
 tificate must have been upon the lower half of the first 
 page of the second leaf, which is now missing. It appears 
 from this paper that in certain proceedings had in the 
 year 1815, it was shown that Joaquin and Jose Sanchez had 
 sold certain lands to the Indians of the puehlo of Taos, 
 Joaquin at that time stating to the Indians that there were 
 no other heirs to the property; that subsequently three 
 other persons appeared claiming to be heirs ; that upon an 
 investigation of the matter, under orders from Governor 
 Alberto Maynez, by Felipe Sandoval, the protector of the 
 Indians, the Indians surrendered three portions of the land 
 claimed by the newly discovered heirs, and were paid back 
 the money which they had paid for those portions — the 
 land of the vendors, which amounted to 2,840 varas, from 
 the boundary of their league to the north side, where the 
 protector of Indians made them place landmarks "at the 
 boundary which the grant of Captain Sebastian Martin 
 cites." 
 
 In his petition of April 25, 1826, Garcia states that 
 he is a son of Teodora Gallego, who claimed that she had 
 an interest in certain lands which had been illegally sold 
 to the Indians of Taos by Joaquin Sanchez, then deceased. 
 This interest apparently was claimed by her because of 
 her being an heir of Francisca Pacheco.
 
 122 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Apparently these lands were a part of a grant made to 
 Antonio Martin. Referring to them, the petitioner, Gar- 
 cia, says, "and sold to the Indians of the pueblo of Taos 
 as the instrument which said Sanchez made those In- 
 dians states, and it states the grant to be donated to An- 
 tonio Martin who donated to Isabel Pacheco and to Fran- 
 eisca Pacheco as appears by the document and compro- 
 mise which the alcalde Pedro Martin made to the children 
 of Diego Rafael and to the Sanchez who are those who are 
 on the tract and property of Francisca Pacheco. ' ' 
 
 390 MIGUEL GARCIA. 
 
 Petition, 1827. Before Manuel Armijo, Governor. Asks 
 for a document of partition of lands of the Romeros in 
 Taos. Manuel Martinez, Alcalde. 
 
 391 JOSE DOMINGO GARCIA et al. 1828. 
 
 Petition for lands near Alhurquerque. Before Manuel 
 Armijo, Governor. Refused because covered by grant of 
 lands to Los Griegos. Ambrosio Armijo, Alcalde. 
 
 392 MIGUEL GARCIA, JULIAN GORDON, JOSE MAN- 
 UEL COPAS. 1829. 
 
 Report of the committee of the Territorial Deputation 
 against making them a grant of lands in Taos. Francisco 
 Sarracino; Cabeza de Baca; Baca y Terms. 
 
 393 SALVADOR XIRON. (GIRON). 1829. 
 
 Petition claiming possession of land in Santa Ana del 
 Sahinal. Before Juan Geronimo Torres, Alcalde. 
 
 394 MARIA de la LUZ GALLEGOS, widow of Ignacio Ma- 
 drid. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe, May 18, 1830. Before Ignacio Ortiz, 
 Alcalde. 
 
 395 JOSE VICTOR GARCIA vs. JUAN RAFAEL ORTIZ. 
 
 Question of land at Pojoaque. 1831-2. Before Vineente 
 Martinez, Alcalde. Juan Vigil; Domingo Fernandez; 
 Juan Trugillo; Mateo Sandoval;; Juan Antonio Armijo; 
 Vineente Martinez; Roman Abreu; Juan Bautista Vigil, 
 Alcalde. 
 
 396 RAFAEL GONZALES. 
 
 Report on petition for land. 1832 Claim of Jose D. Fer- 
 nandez et al. File No. 71, Surveyor-General's office, q. v.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 123 
 
 397 JULIAN GARDUNO, JOSE MARIA BENAVIDES, 
 ROMAN SISNEROS vs. ANTONIO ARMIJO. 
 
 Question of land at Real de los Dolwes. . . 1835, Before 
 Manuel Doroteo Pino, Alcalde. Juan Benavides. 
 
 398 LUIS GRIEGO. FRANCISCO PROVENCIO. JUAN 
 SILBA. JOSE SILBA. FLORENCIO LA GARZA. 
 VICENTE ROIBAL. BENITO VARELA. MAR- 
 CELINO ORTIZ. 
 
 Petition for lands at Galisteo. 1843. Before the Ayun- 
 tamiento of Santa Fe. Possession given by Antonio Sena, 
 Alcalde. J. A. Archuleta, Prefect. Archive No. 802 has 
 been transferred to this one. 
 
 399 MARIA de los REYES GUTIERRES. 
 
 Will. Puesto de la Cienega, May 9, 1843. Fernando Or- 
 tiz y Delgado. Rafael Romero. 
 
 400 TOMAS DE HERRERA y SANDOVAL. 
 
 Petition for land. 1695. Before Don Diego de Vargas, 
 Zapata Lujan Ponce de Leon, Governor and Captain-Gen- 
 eral. Possession given by Roque Madrid, Alcalde. Half 
 a fanega, near Chimayo. 
 
 401 TERESA de HERRERA y SANDOVAL vs. MARIA 
 
 DE LEYBA Y MENDOZA. 1706. 
 
 Question of a piece of land at Santa Cruz. Before Fran- 
 cisco de Ribera, Alcalde. Roque Madrid, Alcalde ; Juan 
 de Medina Ortiz ; Joseph de Atienza ; Juan de Atienza. 
 
 402 ANA MAGDALENA HERNANDEZ vs. TOMAS de 
 
 HERRERA. 1712. 
 
 Question of lands at Santa Cruz. Before the Marques de 
 la Penuela, Governor and Captain-General. Juan Paez 
 Hurtado, Ten'te General; Roque Madrid, Alcalde. 
 
 403 VICENTE FERRER de ARMIJO to Juan Paez Hur- 
 tado. Santa Fe, December 4, 1713. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lands. Before Juan Garcia de la 
 Riva, Alcalde. Antonio Duran de Armijo ; Joseph Maria 
 Giltomey.
 
 124 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 404 MARIA DE PALACIOS y BOLIVAR to Juan Paez 
 Hurtado. Santa Fe, January 13, 1716. 
 
 Conveyance of a house and lot. Before Juan Garcia de 
 la Riva. Alphonso Rael de Aguilar (Abbreviated sig.) ; 
 Joseph Maria Giltomey. 
 
 405 MARIA HURTADO. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe, December 28, 1725. Before Miguel Jo- 
 seph de la Vega y Coca, Alcalde. Juan Manuel Chirinos ; 
 Tomas de Sena. 
 
 406 JUAN MANUEL de HERRERA. 
 
 Will. Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz, June 12, 1753. Be- 
 fore Juan Joseph Lovato, Alcalde. Francisco Valdes y 
 Bustos; Pablo Truxillo. 
 
 407 JOSEPH GARDUNO to Joseph de Herrera. Santa 
 
 Fe, June 16, 1784. 
 
 Conveyance of a house and lot. Before Nicolas Ortiz, 
 Alcalde. Juan Antonio Hortiz (Ortiz); Nicolas Rael; 
 Juan Joseph de Icuza y Elisondo. 
 
 408 ANTONIO GONZALES to Juan Bautista de Herrera. 
 
 Santa Fe, April 8, 1755. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Francisco Guerrero, Al- 
 calde. Manuel Begil (Vigil) ; Juan Antonio Ortiz. 
 
 409 BARTOLA HURTADO, widow of Joseph Bustamante. 
 
 Santa Fe, May 13, 1762. 
 
 Will and inventory of estate. Before Manuel Gallego, 
 Alcalde. Tomas de Armijo; Joseph Miguel Garduno; 
 Pedro Tafoya; Nicolas Ortiz. 
 
 410 JOHN HEATH. 
 
 Petition for lands at the Bracito. 1823. Copy of pro- 
 ceedings. 
 
 The claim of John Heath was not confirmed by the 
 court of private land claims. The Bracito Tract was 
 first settled by Don Juan Antonio Garcia de Noriega, a 
 resident of El Paso; he was a lieutenant of dragoons of 
 that town. In 1805 he constructed an irrigation ditch on 
 the Bracito Tract, which lies just south of Mesilla Park, 
 New Mexico. In the year 1816 in the valley of the Rio 
 Grande, between Rincon and El Paso there was a great 
 visitation of locusts which destroyed all the cultivated
 
 THE SPANISH AKCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 125 
 
 fields. He was advised to make a settlement of this lo- 
 cality by the Lieutenant-Colonel Don Alberto Maynes. 
 Don Juan lived amicably with the Apaches in this locality, 
 as he says : ' ' The Chiefs of the Apaches have told me that 
 next year they desire to have their lands planted, and if 
 said settlement is established, aided by the citizens of the 
 town of El Paso and the new settlers, I will plant their 
 lands so as to keep them more quiet." 
 
 In 1805, upon a similar petition from Garcia de No- 
 riega, it was denied by Alencaster, then governor of New 
 Mexico. Don Juan died at his ranch of Bracito in the 
 year 1828. 
 
 Juan Maria Ponce Leon, political chief of the Bravos 
 district, in March, 1849, certified ''that D. Juan almost 
 at his own expense kept the Apaches at peace, and ren- 
 dered other useful services to travellers and even to the 
 entire nation, until the savages by their insurrections and 
 hostilities forced him to withdraw from said place; the 
 land itself proves that it has been cultivated, as it is 
 crossed by acequias ; some of the land is irrigated and the 
 ruins of the house still exist. 
 
 "I also know, not remembering the year, that an INDI- 
 VIDUAL OF THE UNITED STATES, named John Gid 
 (Heath) asked for and received a GRANT OF LAND at 
 the same place from the Mexican authorities, respecting 
 those of Don Juan Garcia: THIS HE AFFIRMS, having 
 been one of the Commissioners in the measurement of the 
 land asked for, and at the request of the party inter- 
 ested." 
 
 It is quite interesting to know that the claim of John 
 Heath (Juan Gid) to a grant of land at this place failed 
 because his descendants did not know from what source 
 the grant had been obtained; it came from the governor 
 of Durango, and not from the New Mexican authorities. 
 
 In the testimony taken before the surveyor-general of 
 New Mexico, Pelham, it also appears that at the time of 
 the occupation of the city of El Paso by the American 
 troops under General A. W. Doniphan, the town hall of El 
 Paso was made headquarters by Doniphan, at M^hich place 
 all of the archives were kept. This is sworn to by Don 
 Juan Jose Sanchez, who also says : 
 
 "I was first justice at that time, and that as such Cap- 
 tain "Waldo, doctor of medicine, and belonging to the said 
 army, informed him that the soldiers were entirely de- 
 stroying the archives, and that for that reason he went 
 there immediately, with several others, and collected the
 
 126 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 few public papers they had left, the greater portion hav- 
 ing been already burned and thrown in the street, and 
 even some time after there were important papers found 
 scattered in the streets." 
 
 The title to this Bracito Tract in a proceeding before 
 Horace Mower, justice of the supreme court of New Mex- 
 ico, was finally adjudicated, by which Hugh Stevenson, 
 successor in interest to the original grantee, received a 
 two-thirds interest in the grant. The grant was originally 
 made by Don Jose Ordas, lieutenant-governor of that juris- 
 diction. 
 
 411 ISABEL JORGE de BERA. 
 
 Grant. 1696. City of Santa Fe. Half a fanega. 
 
 May 5, 1699 ; refers to the Rio Chiquito and to the Rio 
 Grande, the latter being the present Santa Fe river. The 
 Rio Chiquito was a small stream which had its rise at a 
 large spring in what is now known as the Bishop 's Garden 
 and other springs located on the site of the convent of the 
 Sisters of Loreto. Its course was down what is now known 
 as Water street, Santa Fe, and joined with the Rio Santa 
 Fe about opposite the site of the Guadalupe Church. 
 
 JOSEFA DURAN, widow of Faustin Griego. 
 
 Grant. City of Santa Fe. 1696. About half a fanega. 
 
 MICAELA DE VELASCO to Jose Blasquez. Santa 
 Fe, October 15, 1708. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lot. 
 
 ISABEL JORGE de BERA to Mieaela de Velasco. 
 
 Santa Fe, June 28, 1797. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lands. 
 
 On leaf 7, December 22, 1706, reference is also made to 
 the "C amino real que va al Alamo" ; this was to the south 
 and the Alamo was a ranch or hacienda belonging to Jose 
 Riafio, in these days called "Pino's Ranch." 
 
 LORENZO MADRID to Antonio Rael de Aguilar. San- 
 ta Fe, December 22, 1706. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lands. 
 
 JUANA DE CARRAS vs. ANTONIA SEDANO, wife 
 
 of Juan Lorenzo de Medina. 1713. 
 
 Question of lands. Juana de Carras acts in the name of 
 her absent husband, Jose Blasquez, and the land in ques-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 127 
 
 tion is the same sold to him by Micaela de Velasco who 
 was the widow of Miguel Garcia de la Riva. 
 
 Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponce de Leon, Gov- 
 ernor and Captain General. Domingo de la Barreda, 
 Secretary of Government and War. Antonio de Aguilera 
 Isasi, Alcalde. Miguel Tenorio de Alva; Joseph Manuel 
 Giltomey; Xpttobal de Gongora; Diego Arias de Quiros, 
 Alcalde; Roque de Pintto, Secretary of Government and 
 War ; Juan Paez Hurtado ; Lorenzo de Madrid ; Francisco 
 Romero de Pedrassa ; Juan Garcia de la Rivas ; Antonio 
 Duran de Armijo ; Antonia Sedano. 
 
 412 URSULA RAMOS to Antonia Xiron, wife of Francisco 
 
 Vigil. Santa Cruz de la Canada. August 23, 1736. 
 
 Conveyance of house and land. Acquired by the vendor 
 from Diego Martin, with guarantee of Juan de Dios Mar- 
 tinez de Sandoval, March 21, 1713. Before Juan Estevan 
 Garcia de Noriega, Alcalde. Antonio Trujillo; Miguel de 
 Quinttana. 
 
 413 ROQUE JACINTO JARAMILLO and JUAN MAN- 
 UEL DE HERRERA. 
 
 Grant. Situate on the Rio del Oso, county of Rio Ar- 
 riba. 1746. Re-validation by Don Joachin Codallos y 
 Rabal, Governor. Possession given by Juan de Beytia, 
 Alcalde. No boundaries are set out either in the proceed- 
 ings or in the possession. The original grant was made 
 to the above named and to others, by Don Juan Domingo 
 de Bustamante, governor and captain-general. The 
 boundaries given in the petition are : North, lands of the 
 Alferez Torres; south, lands of Juan de Tafoya; east, 
 lands of Juan de Mestas, and west, the entrance of the 
 canyon of the Sierra.. 
 
 Vincente Ginzo Ron y Thobar; Francisco Gomez del 
 Castillo; Phelipe Jacobo de Vnuanue; Juan de Beytia, 
 Alcalde ; Joseph Romo de Vera ; Juan Lorenzo Baldes. 
 
 Cristobal de Torres Grant, q. v. 
 
 414 RAMON GARCIA JURADO and SALVADOR MAR- 
 TINEZ, of Alburquerque. May 21, 1746. 
 
 Before Don Joachin Cadallos y Rabal, Governor. Peti- 
 tion in the matter of the partition of the estate of Josefa 
 Valverde. Agreement as to the division of lands of the 
 Ranchos. San Francisco de Sandia; San Joseph de los 
 Corrales ; San Antonio. 
 
 Josepha Valverde was the widow of Captain Luis Gar-
 
 128 THE SPANISH AKCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 cia, and Salvador Martinez claimed his part as husband 
 of Rosalia Garcia. 
 
 The agreement was approved by Codallos y Rabal on the 
 date supra. 
 
 415 JOSEPH DE MEDINA to Juana de Xaramillo. Santa 
 
 Cruz, October 1, 1753. 
 
 Conveyance of two tracts of land. Before Juan Joseph 
 Lobato, Alcalde. Juan Domingo Lobato ; Antonio Martin. 
 Medina or Black Mesa Grant, R. No. 56, was confirmed 
 by the court of private land claims and surveyed for 
 more than 19,000 acres. A portion of its south boundary 
 adjoins the San Juan Pueblo Grant. It was patented 
 December 9, 1907. 
 
 416 RAMON GARCIA JURADO and BROTHERS. 
 
 Grant. 1753. Reported Claim No. 49, q. v. 
 
 417 JUAN ESTEVAN JUANJUEVE (or JUAJUEVE). 
 
 Will. San Antonio. Jurisdiction of Villa Nueva de 
 Santa Cruz. April 2, 1764. Before Manuel Garcia Pa- 
 reja. Alcalde. Francisco Sanches; Alletano Atencio. 
 
 418 LUIS XARAMILLO. 
 
 Will. December 27, 1784. Before Thomas Madrid, Teni- 
 ente. Diego Antonio Margue ; Joseph Maldonado. 
 
 419 CATALINA JURADA. 
 
 Will. Puesto de Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe, January 
 31, 1767. Before Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. Pedro 
 Antonio Martin ; Juan Joseph Bustos. 
 
 420 JOSEPH and XAVIER JARAMILLO. Fuendara, 
 
 1768. 
 
 Petition for land. Before Don Pedro Fermin de Men- 
 dinueta, Governor and Captain-General. Francisco Tre- 
 bol Navarro ; Joseph Hurtado de Mendosa ; Manuel Zeinos ; 
 Antonio Moreto ; Mattheo de Peiiarredonda. 
 
 421 LUIS JARAMILLO. 
 
 Grant. Reported Claim No. 108. 
 
 Luis Jaramillo, in 1769 had been thirty-six years a sol- 
 dier and corporal of the garrison at Santa Fe. He asked 
 the governor, Mendinueta, for lands on the Rio Puerco, 
 adjoining those of Captain Antonio Baca; all of the set- 
 tlers of Nuestra Senora de La Luz, San Fernando, and
 
 Don Fernando de Alencastre Norona y Silva 
 Duke of Linares, Viceroy of Mexico 1711-16
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 129 
 
 San Bias del Rio Puerco protested. This availed them 
 nothing, however, as Jaramillo was put in possession and 
 the governor in discussing some of the things done by 
 the settlers in times past, says: "they stupidly and ma- 
 liciously altered the testimo7iio of the grant and the act 
 of possession wherever 'leagues' were mentioned, as ap- 
 pears from the original," and on account of the expression 
 made by Juan Bautista IMontano, before the above men- 
 tioned alcalde (Trebol Navarro), when executing the act 
 of possession given to the residents of Atrisco, that those 
 alterations were made by my predecessor aforesaid, I 
 order that a writ be issued, commanding the said Montario 
 to appear before me in this, my tribunal, it being in- 
 credible that my predecessor could have done so, as well 
 because said testimonio has always remained in the pos- 
 session of said settlers, was made in the time of my pre- 
 decessor, Francisco Antonio Marin del Valle, for if he 
 had altered the testimonio he would have also altered the 
 original, and in case he desired to extend the boundaries 
 he would have done so in due form and not by destroying 
 the document, which I direct remain on file in this of- 
 fice that the fact may at all times appear. ' ' 
 
 422 JUAN LUSERO de GODOY. 
 
 Grant. Land near Santa Fe. 1693. Before Diego de 
 Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponce de Leon, Governor and Cap- 
 tain-General. Re-validated in the year 1695. 
 
 Alfonzo Rael de Aguilar. Also written "Alphonso" in 
 this same document. 
 
 "To his excellency the governor and captain-general, I, 
 the adjutant, Antonio Lusero de Godoy, alderman of this 
 town of Santa Fe, and inhabitant of these provinces of 
 New Mexico, native of the same, appear before your ex- 
 cellency in the best form allowed me by law and say that 
 in order to better continue in the community of this said 
 town and in the royal service of his majesty, I need a 
 tract for a house at the place where at present day I have 
 a shanty standing in which I live, situate in the direction 
 of the road to the pueblo of Tesuque, upon some low hills 
 (lomas vajas) that are there together with the lands that 
 surround them which on the north adjoin with a dry- 
 gulch (arroyo seco) that comes down from the mountains 
 (sierra), and on the east they adjoin with the trail (ve- 
 reda) that leads to the pueblo of Tesuque, and on the 
 west with lands of the Sergeant Major Juan Lusero de 
 Godoy, my father, and on the side of the river which is
 
 130 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 to the south with lands of Alonso Maese and of Juan Gon- 
 zales Lobon, upon all of which land there probably may 
 be embraced about one-half fanega of corn and two of 
 wheat, for in order that I may go there with my numerous 
 family, it is a very [illegible, one word] portion of land 
 I ask your excellency to be pleased to remember my 
 services that I have rendered to his majesty, for since 
 the time of the first entry made into this kingdom by 
 General Don Diego de Vargas, I was the one to guide the 
 fifty soldiers of the re-inforcements that his majesty gave 
 him for making the conquest, and during the conquest I 
 remained near to the person of the said general, as like- 
 wise in the entry with the families. I was one of those 
 who, not stopping to consider the danger of the winter, 
 conveyed my family of my wife and children, they be- 
 ing exposed to many discomforts such as are experienced 
 in this kingdom and during all the conquests I always 
 accompanied the said general at my own expense [one 
 word illegible] as is public and notorious, and that I have 
 not had any reward ; and since your excellency repre- 
 sented the king our lord, that you be pleased to attend 
 to my services, and as the royal agent of him and having 
 as you do all his authority, that you grant to me in his 
 royal name what I ask, accepting my statement as true, 
 which I swear to God, and by the sign of the holy cross, 
 that it is as I have stated and only for the purpose of 
 obtaining justice which I ask, and I implore the royal 
 help of your excellency. Antonio Lucero de Godoy" 
 
 PRESENTATION 
 
 "In this town of Santa Fe, on the 30th day of the 
 month of July, 1697, before me, Don Pedro Rodrigues 
 Cubero, governor and captain-general of this kingdom 
 and provinces of New Mexico, commander of its forces 
 and garrisons, governor-elect and captain-general of the 
 provinces of Macaibo, Merida, and La Gritta, proprietary 
 commander of the castle of San Salvador at Punta of the 
 city of Havana, for his majesty, the party stated, pre- 
 sented it. Order. And I having seen it, accept it as pre- 
 sented for what it may be worth in law, and in view of 
 the services that he states to have rendered to his majesty 
 in this said kingdom, I at once made him the grant that 
 the petitioner asks of the lands stated in the name of his 
 majesty, without prejudice to third parties who may have 
 a better claim, which said lands and grants I give to the 
 said Antonio Lucero in order that he may enjoy, settle, 
 cultivate, and possess, his wife, children, and heirs, and
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 131 
 
 I command that this petition and grant made in favor of 
 said Antonio Lueero the said party do take and present 
 it before the cabildo, justices, and aldermen of this said 
 town, in order that they in their archive a record may be 
 made (se tome razon) that it may appear at all times, 
 when that being done they shall return it in order that a 
 title in due form may be issued to him, and that it may 
 so appear I signed it with the undersigned secretary of 
 government and war. Pedro Rodrigues Cubero 
 
 "Before me : Don Alonso Rael de Aguilar, 
 "Secretary of Government and "War." 
 
 "Immediately thereafter on said day, month, and year, 
 in pursuance of what was provided by his excellency, the 
 governor and captain-general, the cabildo, justices, and 
 aldermen received it as presented for what it may be 
 worth in law, and that it may so appear we signed it with 
 the secretary of the cabildo on the date as above. 
 
 "It agrees with the original that remains in the archive 
 of government and war of this said town, and it is true 
 and certain according to the same ; and at its correction 
 and comparing were present Cristobal de Gongora and 
 Juan Antonio Ramos, and I, said secretary of cabildo, 
 make my sign and customary rubric in testimony of the 
 truth. Miguel Tenorio de Alva [rubric] 
 
 "Secretary of Cabildo" 
 
 Among other things it appears in this archive that Gen- 
 eral De Vargas, in 1693, made his camp on the edge of a 
 forest (monte) known as ' ' Cuma. ' ' 
 
 423 ANTONIO LUCERO de GODOY. 
 
 Grant. Land near Santa Fe, 1697, By Don Pedro Rod- 
 riguez Cubero, Governor and Captain-General. Testi- 
 monio certified to by Miguel Tenorio de Alva, Secretary 
 of the Council. 
 
 Antonio Lueero de Godoy says that he is the man who, at 
 the time of the first expedition of De Vargas (1692), guided 
 the soldiers which the king had given De Vargas and that 
 he also accompanied the expedition which brought the set- 
 tlers from Mexico. 
 
 ANTONIO MARTINEZ or LUCERO de GODOY. 
 
 Originally as surveyed this grant conflicted wnth the 
 grant to the Taos Pueblo; the title was confirmed by the 
 court of private land claims and under the decree and 
 survey the conflict was eliminated. The grant contains 
 61,000 acres and was patented May 8, 1896.
 
 132 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 424 JOSE CASTELLANOS to Bartolome Lobato. Santa 
 
 Fe, August 8, 1701. 
 
 Conveyance of house and land. Before Joseph Rodri- 
 guez, Alcalde. Testimonio certified to by the Alcalde. 
 This also mentions the Rio Chiquito. 
 
 425 JUANA DOMINGUEZ to Bartolome Lobato. Santa 
 
 Fe, August 14, 1701. 
 
 Conveyance of house and garden. Before Joseph Rodri- 
 guez, Alcalde. Lorenzo de Madrid, Joseph de Quintana. 
 Says there is no notary within 270 leagues ; refers also to 
 the Rio Chiquito. 
 
 426 JUAN GONZALES to Jose Lopez. Bernalillo, No- 
 vember 14, 1704. 
 
 Donation of land. Before Diego Montoya, Alcalde. 
 Juan de Uribarri, Baltazar Mata. 
 
 427 RAMON GARCIA JURADO to Bartolome Lobato. 
 
 Santa Cruz, May 7, 1707. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Alphonso Rael de Aguilar, 
 Alcalde. Xpttobal de Gongora, Antonio Duran de 
 Armijo. 
 
 A deed for a piece of land at Santa Cruz de La Canada, 
 the boundaries being "on the north side by the river of 
 said town (Villa) on that of the south by the said town." 
 This shows that when the Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz was 
 reestablished by De Vargas in 1695, the same was on the 
 south side ; the present town of Santa Cruz is located on 
 the north side of the river. 
 
 428 SEBASTIAN de VARGAS to Antonia de Leyba. San- 
 ta Fe, August 25, 1710. 
 
 Donation of house, lot and lands. Before Diego Arias 
 de Quiros, Alcalde. Xpttobal de Gongora, Antonio Duran 
 de Armijo. 
 
 429 JUAN DE TORRES to Juan Lopez. Santa Fe, July 6, 
 
 1712. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lot. Before Diego Arias de 
 Quiros, Alcalde. Pedro de Montesdoca, Joseph Manuel 
 Giltomey.
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 133 
 
 430 DIEGO MARTIN to Juana Lujan. Santa Cruz, April 
 27, 1713. 
 
 Conveyance of lands. Before Jacinto Sanches, Alcalde. 
 
 431 JUAN GARCIA de NORIEGA to Josefa Lujan. San- 
 ta Fe, August 5, 1713. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Before Juan Paez Hurtado, Al- 
 calde. Juan Phelipe de Ribera, Pedro de Roxas. 
 
 431 ANTONIA BARELA de LOSADA. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe, June, 1712. Before Alphonso Rael de 
 Aguilar, Alcalde. Juan de la Mora Pineda, Vsebio de 
 Aguilar. 
 
 433 BARTOLOME LOBATO. 
 
 Grant. Situate on the Rio de Chama. 1714. Granted 
 by Don Juan Ignacio Flores Mogollon, Governor and 
 Captain-General. Possession given by Sebastian Martin, 
 Alcalde. Re-validated in 1715 by Phelix Martinez, Gov- 
 ernor; Miguel Thenorio de Alva, Secretary of Govern- 
 ment and War. Roque de Pintto, Secretary of Govern- 
 ment and War. Francisco de Carmona, Miguel de Quint- 
 tana. 
 
 434 ALEJO GUTIERRES to Antonio Lopez. Santa Fe, 
 
 June 13, 1715. 
 
 Conveyance of house and land. Before Juan Garcia de 
 la Riva, Alcalde. Gabriel de Cabrera, Juan Manuel 
 Chirinos. 
 
 MARIA GUTIERRES to Alejo Gutierres. Santa Fe, 
 
 August 7, 1712. 
 
 Donation of the above land. Before Alphonso Rael de 
 Aguilar, Alcalde. Miguel de Sandoval Martinez. 
 
 435 BARTOLOME LOBATO. 
 
 Re-validation of grant on the Chama by Governor Mogol- 
 lon. No. 433, g. v. 
 
 436 BARTOLOME LOBATO. 
 
 With No. 433, No. 435, q. v. 
 
 437 BARTOLOME LOBATO. SALVADOR de SANTIE- 
 STEVAN. ANTONIO TRUXILLO. ANTONIO de
 
 134 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 SALAZAR. XPTOBAL CRESPIN. NICOLAS 
 GRIEGO. NICOLAS BALBERDE. JUAN de MES- 
 TAS. 
 
 Petition in regard to the calling in of their grants. Be- 
 fore Juan Paez Hurtado, Visitador General. Nos. 433, 
 435, 436, q. v. 
 
 The grant to Antonio Tru jillo is as follows : 
 
 "To the Governor and Captain General: 
 
 ** Antonio Tru jillo, resident of the new town of Santa 
 Cruz, appears before your excellency in the manner most 
 approved in law and convenient to me, and states that: 
 I register a tract of land, which is wild and unsettled, on 
 the opposite side of the Del Norte river, which I received 
 as a grant in the name of his Majesty, from General Don 
 Juan Flores Mogollon, and was placed in possession there- 
 of by Captain Sebastian Martin, at that time senior jus- 
 tice of said town, and upon which I made a ditch and 
 plowed up a field, an examination of which was made on 
 the 9th instant by Don Juan Paez Hurtado, lieutenant 
 general of this kingdom; and its boundaries are, on the 
 east a hill which joins the Del Norte river; on the west 
 an angostura or narrow, which forms a table-land, with 
 the Chama river; and on the north said table-land, and 
 on the south the Chama river. Said lands your excel- 
 lency will be pleased to regrant me anew, in the name of 
 his Majesty, for myself, my children, heirs, and succes- 
 sors, together with entrances and outlets, pastures, water 
 and watering-places, rights, interests, customs, and ap- 
 purtenances, thereunto belonging; directing royal pos- 
 session to be given to me, compelling them to settle them 
 within the time prescribed by law, in view of all which 
 and whatever more I may set forth and may do in my 
 own favor, and which I here express. 
 
 "I pray and request your excellency, with the most 
 sincere expression of submission, to be pleased to do and 
 determine as I have requested; and by so doing I will 
 receive grace and favor with justice. I swear that this 
 my petition is not made through malice. I implore royal 
 aid and whatever may be necessary, etc. 
 
 "Antonio Trujillo. " 
 "And seen by Don Juan Domingo de Bustamante, gov- 
 ernor and captain-general of this kingdom. He consid- 
 ered it as presented, and I grant to the person therein 
 mentioned the grant of land he asks me for, in the name 
 of his Majesty, for himself, his children and heirs, without
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 135 
 
 injury to any third parties who may show a better title; 
 and I direct the senior justice of the new town of Santa 
 Cruz to proceed to place him in possession of the afore- 
 said lands, and in order that it may be a matter of record 
 I have signed it at this city of Santa Fe, on the 8th day 
 of the month of June, one thousand seven hundred and 
 twenty-four. Juan Domingo de Bustamante, " 
 
 "At this place of Yunque, on the 20th day of the month 
 of June, in the year one thousand seven hundred and 
 twenty, I, the reformed Ensign Cristobal Torres, chief 
 justice and war captain of the new city of Santa Cruz 
 and its jurisdiction, proceed to give royal possession to 
 Antonio Trujillo, as I am directed to do by his excellency; 
 and having arrived and examined the tract of land re- 
 ferred to in his petition, I took him by the hand and 
 walked with him over the land. He threw stones, pulled 
 up grass, and cried out in a loud voice, as if the land was 
 his, and in proof of possession which I gave him in the 
 name of the king, our sovereign, (whom may God pre- 
 serve,) and which he received quietly and peaceably, 
 Domingo Montes Vigil and Diego Martin being instru- 
 mental witnesses, and with the boundaries mentioned iu 
 his petition; and possession was given to him with the 
 condition that he should settle it within the term pre- 
 scribed by law. And in order that it may so appear, I 
 signed as acting judge, with the undersigned as attend- 
 ing witnesses, on said day ut supra. 
 
 ''Cristobal Torres. 
 "Attending: 
 
 "Miguel A. Quintana." 
 
 It will be seen that the place called Yunque, the site of 
 Oiiate's capital, was inhabited one hundred and sixteen 
 years after the capital was removed to Santa Fe. 
 
 438 XPTOBAL CRESPIN to Miguel Lujan. Santa Fe, 
 October 25, 1718. 
 
 Conveyance of a house and lot. Before Francisco Bueno 
 de Bohorques y Corcuera, Alcalde. Diego Arias de 
 Quiros, Juan Manuel Chiriiios. 
 
 439 JOSEPHA SEDANO to Cayetano Lobato. Santa Fe, 
 March 20, 1722. 
 
 Conveyance of a house and lands. Before Francisco 
 Bueno de Bohorques y Corcuera, Alcalde. Pedro Lopes 
 Gallardo, Gregorio Garduiio.
 
 136 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 440 MIGUEL de la BEGA Y COCA and MARIA MON- 
 
 TOYA to Maria Josepha Lopes. April 17, 1727. 
 
 Conveyance of house and lands. Before Diego Arias de 
 Quiros, Alcalde. Manuel Thenorio de Alva, Juan Manuel 
 Chirinos. 
 
 441 JOSEPH DE LEYBA. 
 
 Land situate near Santa Fe. Made by Bustamante, Gov- 
 ernor. Possession given by Diego Arias de Quiros, Al- 
 calde. Juan Manuel Chirinos, Juan Joseph Lobato. 
 
 The boundaries to this grant were : on the east by the 
 San Marcos road, on the south by an arroyo called Cuesta 
 del Oregano, on the west by land of Juan Garcia de la 
 Rivas, and on the north by the lands of the Captain Se- 
 bastian de Vargas. 
 
 Juan Garcia de las Rivas was the son of the Captain 
 Miguel Garcia, who was the owner of the sitio of the old 
 pueblo of the Cienega. The Cuesta del Oregano was 
 south and east of the Ojo del Coyote. The grant was 
 held by the court of private land claims to have been 
 an imperfect one; made as it was in 1728, it fell under 
 the requirements of the Royal Ordinance of 1754, which 
 provided that all grants made subsequent to 1700, unless 
 already confirmed by royal order of the king or his vice- 
 roys, or presidents of the Audiencias of the several dis- 
 tricts embracing the lands granted, should apply for such 
 confirmation as a prerequisite to validity. 
 
 Jose de Leyba had a son. Simon de Leyba, who likewise 
 had a son, Salvador Antonio, who had a son, Juan Angel 
 Leyba, who had a son, Salvador Leyba; having been 
 kicked by a mule, and fearing death, made his will and 
 in this instrument, it is recited that this grant had been 
 made to his father Joseph by the king. Juan Angel 
 Leyba was killed by the Navajos near the Coyote Spring. 
 
 The sitio of the old pueblo of the Cienega was granted 
 by General de Vargas to Bernabe Jorge ; one of the bound- 
 aries of this old pueblo was the Penasco Blanco de las 
 Golondrinas. The word "Oregano" means marjoram. 
 
 Upon this tract of land are located the celebrated tur- 
 quoise mines — the Chalchuitl of the Pueblo Indians. 
 
 In the testimony relative to the boundaries of this grant 
 an interesting deed, made in 1701, was introduced in evi- 
 dence : containing as the deed does, certain terms, dealing 
 with matters of taxation, fees, etc., the deed is given in 
 full: 
 
 ' ' At the Villa of Santa Fe on the twelfth day of March,
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 137 
 
 one thousand seven hundred and four, before me Captain 
 Juan Paez Hurtado, war lieutenant and captain-general 
 of this Kingdom, acting as Juez Receptor with two at- 
 tending witnesses, appeared JMiguel Garcia de la Riba, 
 resident of this city, and said that he was giving and 
 gave in royal sale, the sitio of the old Pueblo of Zienega, 
 in favor of his son, Juan Garcia de la Riba, for the price 
 of one hundred dollars of the money of the country, 
 that said IMiguel Garcia de la Riba had by sale from 
 Joseph Castellanos and that its boundaries are on the 
 north the watershed of La Zieneguilla, on the East the 
 Penasco Blanco (White Rock) de las Golondrinas, on 
 the South the Caiiada of Juana Lopez, on the West Las 
 Boquillas, and renounces the laws of NON NUMERATA 
 PECUNIA and those of the DUBUS RES DE VENDI 
 and AUTENTICA PRE FIDE JUROBUS so that as his 
 own property, the said grant of the old Pueblo of Zienega, 
 he can exchange and transfer it or use the same at his 
 own pleasure, and empowering the court of His Majesty 
 with all rigor of law to compel him to comply with the 
 provisions contained in this document, and that if at 
 any time he should bring suit, the said Miguel Garcia de la 
 Riba, he shall not be heard in Court nor out of it, and as 
 a guaranty he pledges his person and personal and real 
 property he may now have or might have ; and the said 
 Miguel Garcia de la Riba further states that of the re- 
 mainder he makes, grants, gives and donates pure and 
 perfect which the law calls INTERVIVOS : To have and 
 to Hold he so executed and signed the same the said 
 grantee, Miguel Garcia de la Riba, together with myself 
 and my assisting witnesses who were Mateo Trujillo and 
 Jose Franco de la Barreda, both citizens [torn] of this 
 city, and of [torn] the party I delivered this orig. [torn] 
 in the power of the purchaser [torn] on ordinary blank 
 paper [torn] there being no sealed paper [torn] parts. 
 
 ' * Mgl Gabcia de La Riba 
 ' ' Testigo de Asistencia 
 
 ' ' Jose Franco de la Barreda 
 "Ante mi como Juez Receptor Testigo de Asistencia 
 ' ' Juan Paez Hurtado Mateo Trugillo ' ' 
 
 The Non Numerata Pecunia meant : Not in Ready 
 Money. 
 
 442 LUIS LOPES. 
 
 Will. Canada, October 27, 1728. Before Diego Arias de 
 Quiros, Alcalde. Juan Joseph Lobato, Juan Manuel 
 Chirifios.
 
 138 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 443 NICOLASA MONTOYA by her husband BAETO- 
 LOME GUTIERRES to Maria Josepha Lopez. San- 
 ta Fe, February 15, 1729. Conveyance of land. 
 
 Before Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. 
 
 444 JUAN LUJAN to Agustin Lobato. Santa Fe, August 
 
 16, 1738. 
 
 Before Antonio Montoya Alcalde. Conveyance of land. 
 Juan Manuel Chirinos. 
 
 A description of land lying "between the big river and 
 the little" — ^'entre el Rio Grande y el chico/' meaning 
 the Rio Santa Fe and the Rio Chiquito. 
 
 445 JUAN CAYETANO LOBATO. 
 
 Piece of land on the other side of the Santa Fe river. 
 Don Gaspar Domingo de Mendoza, Governor and Cap- 
 tain-General. Antonio de Hulibarri, Alcalde. Gregorio 
 Garduno. 
 
 446 FELIPE RODRIGUEZ to Manuel Lopez (Lohpes). 
 1751. 
 
 Conveyance of land in Santa Fe, called Buena Vista. 
 Manuel Gallegos, Alcalde. Pedro Tafoya, Lucas Miguel 
 de Moya. 
 
 447 ISIDRO MARTIN to Geronimo Lopez. 1753. 
 
 Conveyance; land in Santa Fe. Manuel Gallegos, Al- 
 calde. Pedro Tafoya, Lucas Moya. 
 
 448 MARCOS RODRIGUEZ to Joseph Losano. Santa Fe, 
 
 1762. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Manuel Gallego, Alcalde. Juan 
 Antonio Orttis, Pedro Antonio Tafoya. 
 
 449 JUAN MANUEL SANDOBAL to Juan Jose Luxan. 
 
 Santa Fe, 1764. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 Diego Antonio Marquez, Thomas Casillas, Francisco 
 Xavier Fragoso. 
 
 450 BARTOLOME TRUXILLO to Joseph and Antonio Lu- 
 
 cretio Martin. Ahiquiu, 1764. 
 
 A tract of land ; part of a grant to vendor. Juan Pablo 
 Martin, Alcalde. Joseph Gomes, Antonio Gomes.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 139 
 
 451 JOSE LOSANO vs. JUAN de URIOSTL Santa Fe, 
 1764. 
 
 Questions as to boundaries of a piece of land donated to 
 the grandfather of complainant, Miguel de la Cruz, by- 
 Sebastian de Vargas, Armero. Francisco Guerrero, Al- 
 calde. Antonio Dominguez, Vicente Sena, 
 
 452 MARIA MANUELA, widow of Juan Losaiio. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe, 1765. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 Joseph Mares, Joseph Miguel Garduiio. 
 
 453 FRANCISCO LOBATO to Agiistin Lovato. Santa 
 Fe, 1765. 
 
 House and lot. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Lucas 
 Moya, Juan Francisco Niiio Ladron de Guebara. 
 
 Describes a piece of land between the Bio Chiquito and 
 the Rio Grande, in Santa Fe. 
 
 454 MIGUEL LUCERO, Alcalde-mayor of Alburquerque. 
 
 Will. 1768. Also inventory and partition proceedings. 
 Juan Cristobal Sanches, Alcalde. Bartolome Olguin, 
 Tomas Veles Cachupin, Governor. Felipe Silba, Juan 
 Francisco Baca, Carlos Fernandez, Joseph Maldonado. 
 
 455 ANTONIO ORTEGA to Geronimo Lopez. Santa Fe, 
 
 1768. 
 
 Conveyance of land. Phelipe Tafoya, Alcalde. Joseph 
 Miguel Tafoya, Lucas Moya. 
 
 456 MANUELA BRITO to Simon de Leiba. Santa Fe, 
 
 1769. 
 
 House and lot. Phelipe Tafoya, Alcalde. Joachin Lain. 
 In 1767 Don Felipe Tafoya was an alcalde at Santa Fe; 
 he states, in a petition signed by him as attorney for Don 
 Diego Antonio Chavez and Don Pedro Chavez, that he is 
 the legitimate son of Antonio Tafoya, formerly ensign of 
 the Santa Fe garrison and one who reconquered the coun- 
 try with Diego De Vargas, and that his father served in 
 the royal armies until 1747, when he lost his eye-sight; 
 that he also had served ten years; that he had asked for 
 the Chavezes and himself a piece of land in the Rio 
 Puerco country which had been refused by Don Tomas 
 Velez Cachupin, at the time governor. This governor, on 
 December 3, 1766, addressing himself to the petition which 
 Tafoya had filed says: "If these parties have not had
 
 140 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 any land or grant whereon to pasture their animals, they 
 might have joined the new settlements of San Miguel de 
 Laredo and that of San Gabriel de las Nutrias . . . 
 But these parties doubtless experienced fear, as the said 
 places were on the frontier and as they lacked courage 
 for their establishment, and they have registered the tract 
 they mention because it is in the peaceful region of the 
 Navajo country. They may occupy the same while the 
 natives (Navajos) do not object." They were enjoined 
 to treat these "Apache Navajos" "with the greatest love 
 and kindness, to win them over and treat them well, so as 
 to keep them in amity with us, and so that in the course 
 of time, and showing them good examples and Christian 
 conduct, they may be brought to the holy Catholic faith. ' ' 
 Captain Bartolome Fernandez says of the Navajos in 
 that section of the country: "Owing to their dread of 
 the Utes, the Apaches (Navajos) make their houses on the 
 highest and roughest parts of the Mesas." 
 
 457 GERONIMO LOPEZ. 
 
 Will, Santa Fe. No date. Phelipe Tafoya, Alcalde. Jo- 
 seph Armenta. 
 
 458 ISABEL LUJAN. 
 
 Will, Santa Fe, 1771. Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. 
 Antonio de Armenta. 
 
 459 JUANA DE OJEDA BENAVIDES to Francisco Lu- 
 
 jan. 1772. 
 
 Donation of a tract of land on the Tesuque river. Man- 
 uel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. Joseph de Armenta. 
 
 460 ANTONIO JOSEPH LOPEZ and MATHIAS THE- 
 
 NORIO DE ALBA vs. MIGUEL THENORIO de ALBA. 
 
 1772. 
 
 Question of lands at the Cienega. Don Pedro Fermin de 
 Mendinueta, Governor. Antonio Moreto, Mateo de Pen- 
 arredona. 
 
 461 MARIANA de la PAZ to Joseph Manuel Lovato. San- 
 ta Fe, 1769. 
 
 Conveyance ; house and lot. Phelipe Tafoya, Alcalde. 
 Joseph Miguel Tafoya.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 141 
 
 462 ANTONIO de LUNA. Intestate. 1786. 
 
 Proceedings in the matter of his estate. Don Juan Bau- 
 tista de Anza, Governor. Vicente Troncoso. Manuel de 
 Arteaga, Alcalde. Juan Francisco Baca, Juan Miguel Al- 
 bares del Castillo. Don Tomas Veles Cachupin, Governor. 
 Antonio Villegas Ruiz, Francisco Perez Serrano, Manuel de 
 Arteaga, IMiguel Gabaldon, Cristobal de Larranaga, Man- 
 uel Antonio Lorenz, Bautista Montano. Antonio Jose 
 Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 Bonifacio JoUauga (Joj^anaga) to Domingo de Luna. 
 Alburquerque, 1747. A piece of land in the San Clemente 
 Tract. Joseph Baca, Alcalde. Joseph Gallego, Isidro 
 Sanches. 
 
 Antonio Gallego, alias El Collote, to Domingo de Luna. 
 Land in the San Clemente Tract. 1748. Joseph Baca, 
 Alcalde. Isidro Sanchez, Manuel Carillo. 
 
 Bonifacio Jollanga (Joyanga) to Domingo de Luna. 
 1748. Land in the San Clemente Tract. 1748. Joseph 
 Baca, Alcalde. Isidro Sanches. Reported Claim No. 67, 
 q. V. Ana de Sandoval y Manzanares, or LOS LUNAS 
 Tract. 
 
 Domingo de Luna was lieutenant of the militia com- 
 pany at the town of Tome, in 1766. De Luna sold to 
 Don Pedro Martin Serrano all his right to what is known 
 as the Piedra Lumbre Tract. Governor Tomas Veles 
 Cachupin granted the tract to Serrano, he being a de- 
 scendant of the first settlers of the Province. It appears 
 in the granting papers that the Indians of the puehio of 
 Ahiquiu were requested to be present at the time pos- 
 session was given to Lieutenant Pedro Martin Serrano, 
 who was a lieutenant of militia of the district of Chama. 
 
 In the year 1716, Ana De Sandoval y Manzanares asked 
 for this tract, petitioning Governor Phelix Martinez to 
 that effect and stating that ' ' when the Marquis de la Nava 
 Brazinas, whom may God keep in Glory, was governor and 
 captain-general of this province, brought us hither in the 
 year ninety-two for its settlement" he had promised to 
 give to each one of the "native citizens of this province 
 who might come to settle and pacify the same, the tracts 
 of land and fields, and stockraising ranches that we aban- 
 doned in the year eighty on account of the powerful in- 
 surrection." She was the widow of Bias de la Candela- 
 ria and asked for the place called "San Clemente, which 
 I inherited from my father, deceased, Mateo de Sandoval 
 y Manzanares. ' '
 
 142 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 The grant was made and she was placed in possession 
 by Don Antonio Gutierrez, chief alcalde and war-captain 
 of the Villa de Alburquerque, in the presence of Don An- 
 tonio de Chaves and Baltazar Romero ; possession was 
 given actually to Felix de la Candelaria, son of his 
 mother, the petitioner; the land was bounded on the east 
 by the Rio del Norte, on the west by the Rio Puerco; on 
 the south by the house of Tome Dominguez, and on the 
 north by a ruin that is a little above the pueblo of San 
 Clemente. 
 
 Those who returned with De Vargas were required to 
 claim and occupy the possessions which had been aban- 
 doned in 1680 and to obtain from the government a rec- 
 ognition of the renewal of title before possession could 
 be given. 
 
 463 FRANCISCO VIGIL to Bernardo Lucero. 1793. 
 
 Land in Las Trampas Tract, 
 
 464 CAPTAIN DIEGO de TORRES, BARTOLOME TRU- 
 JILLO, ANTONIO de SALAZAR, MANUEL VAL- 
 ERIC, and MANUEL MARTIN, legal representatives 
 of Cristobal de Torres. 
 
 Petition relative to a tract of land of the estate of the said 
 Cristobal de Torres, in Chama. Incomplete. 
 
 465 FRAY JOSEPH MEDRANO to Maria Dolores and 
 
 Mariano, two children he had raised. 
 
 Land in Alameda. Antonio de Armenta, Alcalde ; Benito 
 Lucero. 
 
 Gertrudis Castela, or Juana Gertrudis Castela vs. Mg- 
 uel Baca and Juan Antonio Baca. 1794-5. Question of 
 lands at Alameda. Nerio Antonio Montoya, Alcalde; An- 
 tonio Jose Ortiz, Alcalde; Fernando Chacon, Governor; 
 Tomas Manuel Montoya ; Antonio de Armenta, Alcalde. 
 
 466 ANTONIO de LUNA. 1811. 
 
 Question of land with Ventura Chaves. Papers incom- 
 plete. 1816. Further proceedings in the same matter. 
 Manrique, Governor; Allande, Governor; Jose Antonio 
 Chaves; Francisco Ortiz. 
 
 San Clemente Tract. Ana de Manzanares de Sandoval. 
 Reported Claim No. 67. 
 
 According to the first survey of the San Clemente 
 Grant, made in 1878, the grant contained more than 89,-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 143 
 
 000 acres. It was confirmed by the court of private 
 land claims and under another survey contained an area 
 of about 37,000 acres. The last survey adjoins on the 
 east the western boundary of the property commonly 
 called "Lo de Padilla," wliich is claimed by the Indians 
 of the pueblo of Isleta. The San Clemente was patented 
 November 15, 1909. 
 
 467 BERNARDO LUCERO vs. MAURILO BARGAS. 
 1820. 
 
 Question of land in Las Trampas de Taos. Facundo Mel- 
 gares. Governor; Marcos Garcia, Alcalde; Juan de Dios 
 Peiia ; Antonio Jose Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 Francisco Vigil to Bernardo Lucero. 1793. Land in 
 Rancho de Las Trampas. Testimonio certified by Juan 
 de Dios Pena, Alcalde. 
 
 468 BERNARDO LUCERO. 1820. 
 
 No. 467, q. v. No. 467 also for signatures of the members 
 of the Ayuntamiento de Taos, q. v. 
 
 469 ANTONIO ANALLA and JOSE SANDOVAL to Juan 
 Jose Lujan. 1827. 
 
 Land in the CaTion of the Santa Fe river granted to San- 
 tiago Ramirez. Juan Vigil, Alcalde; Luis Benavides; 
 Juan Diego Sena. 
 
 Santiago Ramirez was a brother of Jose Serafin Ramirez, 
 whose full name was Jose Serafin Ramirez y Casanova. He 
 was a native of Chihuahua. 
 
 470 JUAN LUCERO. 
 
 Will, Santa Fe, 1827. Joseph Maria Martinez, Alcalde. 
 Jose Vitervo Ortiz, Domingo Fernandez. 
 
 471 MARIA FRANCISCA LOVATO. 
 
 Will, Santa Fe, 1830. Jose Ignacio Ortiz, Alcalde. Ben- 
 tura Montoya, Victorino Padilla. 
 
 472 JOHN S. LANGHAM vs. the Ayuntamiento of Santa 
 Fe. 1837. 
 
 In regard to fencing the Cienega. Albino Perez, Gover- 
 nor. J. M. Alarid, Secretary. Juan Garcia, Alcalde. 
 
 473 ANTONIO LERUD (Antoine Leroux). 1844. 
 
 Grant. Land in Los Valles de Santa Getrudis de lo de 
 Mora. Law of April 30, 1842. Articles 13 and 15, q. v.
 
 144 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Tomas Ortiz, Alcalde. Maurieio Duran, Miguel Antonio 
 Lobato. 
 
 Antoine Leroux was the grantee of a grant of that 
 name. All of the grant to the pueblo of Picuries is in- 
 cluded within the limits of this grant. There is no con- 
 flict with the survey of the Taos Pueblo Grant which lies 
 only a short distance to the east. 
 
 In 1905-1907 another survey was made and the new 
 survey makes a conflict with the Taos Grant while not in- 
 terfering with the Picuries. 
 
 474 CARMEN LEYBA to Antonio Sena. Santa Fe, 1844. 
 
 House and lot. Tomas Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 475 ANTONIO SANCHEZ, aUas el Chopo vs. JULIAN 
 LUCERO. 1844. 
 
 Question of lands in Rio Arnha county. Diego Lucero, 
 Juez de Paz, Jose Sanchez. Santiago Flores, Judge of 1st 
 Instance. 
 
 476 ROQUE MADRID. 
 
 Grant. 1693. Land at Pueblo Quemado, at or near 
 Santa Fe. Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponce de 
 Leon, Governor. (Seal.) Antonio Balverde Cossio, Sec- 
 retary. 
 
 Refers to a tract of land near Santa Fe, one of the 
 boundaries of which was the "Pueblo Quemado"; another 
 the "0 jo fresco." 
 
 The coat of arms of General De Vargas is stamped on 
 this archive. 
 
 477 DOMINGO MARTIN. 
 
 Grant. Santa Fe, 1695. Don Diego de Vargas Zapata 
 Lujan Ponce de Leon, Governor. 
 
 478 LUIS MAESE. 
 
 Grant. Santa Fe, 1695. Don Diego de Vargas Zapata 
 Lujan Ponce de Leon, Governor. 
 
 A tract of land in Santa Fe ^'el qual sitio esta en esta 
 Villa en el puehlo quemado, con solar de casa y huerta y 
 media fanega de sembradura asta el arroio.'^ 
 
 479 DOMINGO MARTIN and ANA LUJAN. Santa Fe, 
 
 1705. 
 
 Compromise in the matter of a grant made to them by 
 Governor de Vargas. Francisco Romero de Pedraza, Al-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 145 
 
 calde. Joseph de Atienza Alcala y Escobar. Joseph de 
 Contreras. 
 
 480 ALEXO MARTIN and his wife Maria de la Roche to 
 Jose Castellanos. Santa Fe, 1701. 
 
 House and land. Testimonio certified by Xptobal de Gon- 
 gora, Clerk of the Cabildo. 
 
 481 ANTONIO MONTOYA vs. SALVADOR MATHIAS 
 
 DE RIBERA. 
 
 Question of lands. Santa Fe, 1704. El Marques de la 
 Naba de Brazinas, Lorenzo de Madrid, Joseph Manuel Gil- 
 toiney, Antonio de Aguilera Isasi, Alphonso Rael de 
 Aguilar. Juan Paez Hurtado, Alcalde. Xpttobal de 
 Arellano, Antonio Lueero de Godoy, Xpttobal de Gon- 
 gora. 
 
 482 RAMON GARCIA JURADO to Captain Felix Mar- 
 tinez. Santa Fe, 1706. 
 
 House and land. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. Juan 
 de Ulibarri, Alphonsso Rael de Aguilar. 
 
 483 FELIX MARTINEZ to Diego de Beetia. Santa Fe, 
 
 1706. 
 
 House and land. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. An- 
 tonio Duran de Armijo, Xpttobal de Gongora. 
 
 ANA LUJAN. Santa Fe, 1700. 
 
 Re-validation of her grant. Pedro Rodriguez Cubero, 
 Governor. Domingo de la Barreda, Secretary. Ana Lu- 
 jan to Diego de Vectia, Santa Fe, 1701. House and land. 
 Testimonio. Certified to by Joseph Rodriguez, Alcalde. 
 
 Diego de Vectia to Francisco Rico. Santa Fe, 1703. 
 House and land. Lorenzo de Madrid, Alcalde. Xpttobal 
 de Gongora, Juan de Chabes. 
 
 Diego de Vectia to Martin Garcia, Santa Fe, 1702. 
 
 Land. Testimonio ; Certified by Joseph Rodriguez, Al- 
 calde. Martin Garcia. 1702. Conveys to Maria de la 
 Encarnacion. Francisco Rico to Captain Felix Martinez. 
 Santa Fe, 1705. House and land. Juan de Ulibarri, Al- 
 calde. Francisco Belarde, Matheo de la Pena. 
 
 484 JOSEPHA LUJAN to Sebastian Martin, 1707. 
 
 Rancho above San Juan de los Caballeros. Granted to her 
 deceased husband by the Marques de la Naba Brazinas. 
 Alphonso Rael de Aguilar, Alcalde.
 
 146 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 485 ROQUE MADRID vs. SYLVESTRE PACHECO. 
 
 Santa Fe, 1708. 
 
 No action taken. Rubric of the Marques de la Penuela. 
 
 486 ROQUE MADRID vs. SYLVESTRE PACHECO. 
 Santa Fe, 1708. 
 
 No final action. Joseph Chacon IMedina Villaseiior, Mar- 
 ques de la Penuela. Gaspar Gutierres de los Rios, Sec- 
 retary. 
 
 487 SILVESTRE PACHECO to Antonio Montoya. San- 
 ta Fe, 1708. 
 
 Land about a league down the river (Rio Santa Fe). 
 Ignacio de Roibal, Alcalde. Alphonso Rael de Aguilar, 
 Francisco Ignacio Gomez Robledo. 
 
 Describes a tract of land about one league down the river 
 from Santa Fe and which extended from a cottonwood tree 
 to the Puehlo Quemado. 
 
 488 ROQUE MADRID vs. SYLVESTRE PACHECO. 
 
 Santa Fe, 1708. 
 
 Compromise. Ignacio de Roibal, Alcalde. Antonio Mon- 
 toya. 
 
 489 MAGDALENA de OGAMA to Salvador Montoya. San- 
 ta Fe, 1711. 
 
 Land. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. 
 
 Describes a piece of land on the west side of the prin- 
 cipal plaza at Santa Fe, which land, on the north side, ad- 
 joined the main ditch which ran along the edge of this 
 fortress and castle. 
 
 490 FRANCISCO MARTIN vs. CRISTOVAL MARTIN, 
 
 1711-1712. 
 
 Question of lands in Rio Arriba. El Marques de la Pen- 
 uela, Miguel Thenorio de Alva, Manuel Ramon Ipalenzia, 
 Xpttobal de Gongora. Juan de Ulibarri, Alcalde. Juan 
 de Atienza, Jose Manuel Giltomey, Francisco Montes y 
 Vigil, Francisco de Rivera (Derrivera), Miguel de Dias 
 (Dios). Roque Madrid, Alcalde. Juan Paez Hurtado, 
 Teniente de Gobierno and Captain-General. Juan Ig- 
 nacio Flores Mogollon, Governor. Roque de Pintto, Sec- 
 retary of Government and War.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 147 
 
 491 ANTONIA de MORAGA vs. JUANA de SOSA CANE- 
 LA. Santa Fe, 1713. 
 
 Question of a piece of land in the Cienega. Juan Ignacio 
 Flores Mogollon, Governor; Roque de Pintto, Secretary; 
 Antonio Duran de Armijo ; Roque Madrid ; Pedro Rodri- 
 guez Cubero, Governor; Juan Paez Hurtado, Alcalde; 
 Tomas Jiron de Texeda ; Xpttobal de Arellano ; Domingo 
 de la Barreda, Secretary. 
 
 Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponce de Leon, 
 Governor. Miguel de Quintana. Two signatures; differ- 
 ence in them ; q. v. 
 
 In the depositions of two witnesses reference is made to 
 the ' ' church which is now ( 1713 ) being built in Santa Fe. ' ' 
 
 492 MATEO de ORTEGA to Manuel Martin. Santa Fe, 
 1712. 
 
 Land at Chimayo. Manuel Albares Castrillon, Xpttobal 
 de Gongora, Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. 
 
 493 GONZALO JOSEPH HOYO de MENDOZA. Fran- 
 cisco Bueno de Bohorques. Alphonso Rael de Aguilar. 
 
 Registration of a mine in Rio Arnha. 1713. Don Juan 
 Ignacio Flores Mogollon, Governor. 
 
 494 CLEMENTE MONTOYA. 
 
 Will. Santa Cruz de la Canada.. 1753. Testimonio. 
 Certified by Juan Joseph Sandoval, Alcalde. 
 
 495 FRANCISCA de MISQUIA. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe, 1714. Francisco Joseph Bueno de Bo- 
 horques, Alcalde. Miguel de Sandobal Martinez, Juan 
 Manuel Chirinos. 
 
 496 ANTONIA de MORAGA vs. XPTTOBAL and FRAN- 
 CISCO MARTIN. 
 
 Question of boundaries of land at Chimayo. Ignacio de 
 Roybal, Alcalde; Francisco de Ribera; Francisco de la 
 Mora; Mogollon, Governor. 
 
 497 FRANCISCO de ANAYA ALMAZAN. 
 
 Grant, 1693. Reported Claim No. 115, q. v. 
 
 498 ANTONIO GODINES to Pedro Montes de Oca. 
 
 House and lot. Francisco Joseph Bueno de Bohorques,
 
 148 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Alcalde; Juan de la Mora Pineda; Diego Marques de 
 Ayala. 
 
 Description of a house on the main street of Santa Fe as 
 follows : " j&H la Calle Real que ha de la plaza a la Yglesia 
 nueha q se esta fahricando." 
 
 499 FRANCISCO MONTES y VIGIL and wife to Maria 
 Vigil, et al, 1715. 
 
 Donation of cattle. Alphonso Rael de Aguilar, Antonio 
 Duran de Armijo, Juan de la Mora Pineda. 
 
 The translation appearing below appeared first in the 
 Land of Sunshine^ vol. viii, no. 3, February, 1898, at the 
 time edited by Dr. Charles F. Lummis : 
 "Letter from Fr. Antonio Duran de Armijo 
 
 ' ' Sir Governor and Captain General — My Lord : 
 
 ' ' I report to your Lordship how this day and date seven 
 Cumanches entered this Pueblo; among them the Cap- 
 tain Panfilo. They tell me they have come in quest of 
 tobacco; that their village is composed of a hundred 
 lodges, pitched on the Jicarilla river, where they are 
 tanning (buffalo) hides, so as to come in and barter as 
 soon as the snow shall decrease in the mountains. This 
 is what they tell me. There is nothing else to report to 
 your Lordship, whom our Lord Preserve for many years. 
 Taos, Feb. 27, 1748. I kiss the hand of Your Lordship. 
 Your humble servant. Antonio Duran de Armijo. 
 
 '^ Since the above was written one Curaanche of the 
 seven who have come, has related to me in the house of 
 Alonzito that 33 Frenchmen have come to their village 
 and sold them plenty of muskets in exchange for mules; 
 that as soon as this trade was made, the Frenchmen de- 
 parted for their own country, and that only two remain 
 in the village to come in with the Cumanches when they 
 come hither to barter." 
 
 "Opinion of the Goveryior 
 
 "Most Excellent Sir: — By the testimony subjoined, 
 which is from the original letter containing it, which the 
 sovereignty of your excellency will please to see, it ap- 
 pears that forty leagues distant, more or less, (according 
 to some settlers) from the Pueblo of San Geronimo de 
 Taos, there are pitched a hundred lodges of the hostile 
 Gentiles, of the Cumanche nation; and that seven of 
 these Indians arrived at the above mentioned Pueblo 
 (Taos) with the news that 33 Frenchmen were, some days 
 before, on the said Jicarilla river, where are the aforesaid
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 149 
 
 one hundred lodges; which Frenchmen sold to the afore- 
 said Cumanches plenty of muskets in exchange for mules. 
 And soon as this barter was effected, said Frenchmen de- 
 parted for their own country, only two of them remain- 
 ing in the village of the Cumanches to come in with them 
 to trade in the Pueblo of Taos; as these hostile savages 
 have done on other occasions. And since it is to be feared 
 that if these Frenchmen insinuate themselves into this 
 Kingdom they may cause some uprising — as was at- 
 tempted by a Frenchman named Luis Maria, who with 
 eight of his own nation entered this Kingdom in the 
 former year of 1742, coming by the same route of the 
 Jicarilla to the Pueblo of Taos and for it was shot in the 
 public square in this Capitol town of Santa Fe, in virtue 
 of sentence by the superior government of this New Spain ; 
 and in the said year, seven of these nine Frenchmen re- 
 turned to their country by a different route from that by 
 which they came here; and it is very natural that, re- 
 maining several months in this Kingdom, they should 
 learn the 'lay of the land' and its circvimstances. One 
 of them, named Juan de Alari, has remained in this said 
 town, is married and has children, comporting himself 
 honorably as a man of substance. 
 
 "Likewise I give account to Your Excellency that in 
 the month of June, of the year 1744, a Frenchman by the 
 name of Santiago Velo, penetrated this Kingdom and ar- 
 rived at the Pueblo of Our Lady of the Porciuncula of 
 Pecos. As soon as I received the news, I despatched the 
 sargent and two soldiers to bring him to me in this Town 
 (Santa Fe), where I took his declaration. And without 
 the knowledge of any person I forwarded that declaration 
 To The Most Excellent Sir Count of Fuenclara, your excel- 
 lency's predecessor (as viceroy of Mexico) along with the 
 judicial procedures duly had thereon. Of this French- 
 man's whereabouts I have had no further inforaiation, 
 save what was given me by the Captain of the Royal Gar- 
 rison at El Paso, on the Rio del Norte (Rio Grande), 
 whose receipt I hold, acknowledging have sent him to the 
 Governor of New Biscay. 
 
 "Most Excellent Sir: — By the zeal which assists me in 
 the service of their Majesties (the King and Queen of 
 Spain) and for the tranquility, peace and well being 
 of the poor dwellers in this said Kingdom (let me say). 
 Noting that it is wholly surrounded by various nations 
 of hostile savages, who harrass it ; and particularly how 
 numerous and w^arlike are the Cumanches, Avhose regular
 
 150 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 entrances to this Kingdom are by way of the Jicarilla 
 river — and that on these two occasions the French have 
 likewise penetrated by the same route, this last time join- 
 ing the Gentile Cumanches on the aforesaid Jicarilla 
 river — there is reason to fear some conspiracy. This 
 would be irreparable, by the slight military forces that 
 are in this said Kingdom for its defense. Particularly 
 as the said Gentile Cumanches now find themselves with 
 fire-arms, which the French have sold them, as hereinbe- 
 fore set forth. I remind your Excellencies high compre- 
 hension that in the by-gone year, 1720, when Don An- 
 tonio Valverde was governor of this Kingdom he ordered, 
 under superior mandate of his Lordship, the then viceroy 
 of this New Spain, that a force of soldiers, settlers and 
 Indians should go to reconnoitre where the French were 
 located. But the French ambushed our said force and 
 killed more than thirty of them, soldiers, settlers and In- 
 dians, besides wounding several who reached this said 
 town. For which reason, and many others which I omit, 
 that I may not weary your Excellency's attention, I deem 
 it very fitting and necessary that your Excellency's great- 
 ness order the establishment of a garrison with the en- 
 dowment of fifty mounted soldiers, including captain and 
 subaltern officers at a point called the Jicarilla, distant 
 from the said Pueblo of Taos twenty leagues. This loca- 
 tion is very convenient, as to lands, water, pasturage and 
 timber. Here were located, in times past, the Indians of 
 the Jicarilla nation (a branch of the Apaches), who were 
 numerous and had houses, palisade huts and other shel- 
 ters. Thence the Gentile Cumanches despoiled them, kill- 
 ing most of them ; the few that remained of said Jicarillas 
 have sheltered and maintained themselves in peace nearby 
 the Pueblos of Taos and Pecos, with their families. Said 
 site of the Jicarilla is the pass (or defile) ; literally 
 'throat' (for shutting of the aforesaid populous nation of 
 Cumanches — and the French, if they tried to make any 
 entrance to this said Kingdom. 
 
 "Furthermore, I notify your Excellency of the hap- 
 penings in the Pueblo of Our Lady of the Porciuncula 
 of Pecos, on the twenty-first of January last past. Which 
 whole affair is established by the accompanying deposi- 
 tion of the Rev. Fr. Lorenzo Antonio Estremera, an eye- 
 witness of it all, which I forward. In view of which, 
 your Excellency will please approve the action taken by 
 me in said engagement, or give such orders as shall be in
 
 THE SPANISH AKCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 151 
 
 your Excellency 's pleasure. This is how it has seemed to 
 me ; especially, as I have said, to represent to your Ex- 
 cellency its expediency. This is my duty, that the sover- 
 eign will of your Excellency may determine with your 
 great equity, as shall seem best to you, which will be, as 
 always, the best way. 
 
 "Villa de Santa Fe, New Mexico, March 4, 1748. 
 
 "Don Joaquin Codallos y Rabal" 
 
 This copy agrees with the original deposition, letter and 
 opinion which I, the Colonel Don Joaquin Codallos y 
 Rabal, governor and captain-general of this kingdom of 
 New Mexico, have forwarded to the superior government 
 of this New Spain. The witnesses who saw it drawn, 
 corrected and compared were Sebastian de Apodaca, 
 Lucas Miguel de Moia, and Domingo Valdez; and that it 
 be certain, I have signed it in this Villa de Santa Fe, 
 March 6th, 1748 ; acting as actuary wdth the witnesses of 
 my staff, for want of a notary public or royal notary — 
 whereof there is not one in this kingdom. I pledge my 
 faith. 
 
 In witness of the truth I have signed it with my ac- 
 customed signature. Joaquin Codallos y Rabal 
 Witness Felipe Jacobo Unanue 
 Witness Miguel de Alike 
 
 500 ANTONIO MONTOYA. 
 
 Petition for lands between Santo Bomingo and San 
 Felipe. 1716. No final action. 
 
 Captain Felix Martinez, Governor. Joseph de Quin- 
 tana. 
 
 Petition by Antonio Montoya for lands which were the 
 surplusage of the lands of the pueblos of Santo Do- 
 mingo and San Felipe, "on the other side of the Rio del 
 Norte." 
 
 This petition was presented, on March 18, 1716, to 
 Governor Felix Martinez, who ordered Manuel Baca, chief 
 alcalde of the puehlos of San Felipe, Santo Domingo, and 
 Cochiti, to examine the lands asked for, to inform the In- 
 dians of San Felipe and Santo Domingo in regard to the 
 petition made by Montoya, and to report what they had 
 to say about the matter. 
 
 The alcalde reported that the Indians said that they 
 wanted their league measured so that they might know 
 what belonged to them. Here the proceeding ends ab- 
 ruptly.
 
 152 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 501 FRANCISCO MARTIN. 
 
 Grant. 1716. Land at Chimayo. Xptobal Martin and 
 Felipe Moraga, q. v. Pedro Rodriguez Cubero, Governor ; 
 Alonsso Barela ; Don Juan Ignacio Flores Mogollon, Gov- 
 ernor; Francisco Ribera; Sebastian Martin; Roque 
 Madrid; Pedro de Morales, Secretary; Miguel de Quin- 
 tana; Joseph Manuel Giltomey; Xtobal Torres; Salvador 
 Martinez. 
 
 502 LORENZO MADRID. 
 
 Will, Santa Fc, 1716. Juan Garsia de la Riva, Alcalde; 
 Manuel Chiriiios. 
 
 503 ANTONIO MARTINEZ. 
 
 Grant. 1716. Reported Claim No. 116, q. v. 
 
 504 XPTOBAL MARTIN vs. FRANCISCO MARTIN, 
 
 1717. 
 
 Land at Chimayo. Felipe Moraga, q. v. Juan Paez Hur- 
 tado, Captain-General ; Juan Garsia de la Rivas, Alcalde ; 
 Miguel Thenorio de Alba, Sec. ; Juan de Atiensa ; Fran- 
 cisco de la Mora. 
 
 505 JUANA DE ARGUELLO to Josepha Martin. Santa 
 
 Fe, 1718. 
 
 Donation of land. Francisco Bueno de Bohorques y Cor- 
 cuera, Alcalde. 
 
 506 DIEGO ARIAS de QUIROS to Francisco de Mestas, 
 
 1720. 
 
 Donation of land in Cuyamungue. Francisco Joseph 
 Bueno de Bohorquez y Corcuera, Alcalde. 
 
 507 ANTONIO MARTIN. 
 
 Land at Alhurquerque. Possession not given. Don Juan 
 Domingo de Bustamante, Governor. Manuel de Cruciaga, 
 Secretary. 
 
 508 JOSEPH DE QUINTANA, mth consent of Josepha Se- 
 
 dano, to Juan Lorenzo de Medina. Santa Fe, 1722. 
 
 Land. Francisco Bueno Bohorques y Corcuera, Alcalde. 
 Tomas Xiron de Tegeda ; Joseph de Quintana. 
 
 Joseph Sedano. Santa Fe, 1721. Protest against above 
 conveyance. Francisco Bueno de Bohorques y Corcuera, 
 Alcalde. Juan Manuel Chiriiios.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 153 
 
 509 MIGUEL MARTIN and JOSEPH de ATIENZA. 
 
 Compromise as to boundaries of lands in the Canada de 
 Santa Cruz. 1722. Alphonso Rael de Aguilar; Miguel 
 de Quintana. 
 
 510 DIMAS XIRON de TEXEDA and Maria Domingues, 
 
 his wife, to Sebastian Martin. 1723. 
 
 A tract of land in the jurisdiction of Taos. Francisco 
 Bueno de Bohorquez y Corcuera, Alcalde. Juan Rael de 
 Aguilar; Juan Joseph Moreno. 
 
 511 ANDRES MONTOYA to Joseplia Montoya. Santa 
 Fe, 1725. 
 
 Donation of land. Miguel Joseph de la Bega y Coca, 
 Alcalde. Juan Joseph Lobato ; Juan Manuel Chiriiios. 
 
 512 SALVADOR MONTOYA. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe. 1727. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. 
 Juan Manuel Chiriiios; Miguel de Sandobal. 
 
 513 DIEGO MARQUES. 
 
 Will. Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz. 1729. 
 
 Joseph IMiguel Marques de Ayala ; Dimas Giron de Tege- 
 da ; Juan Domingo de Bustamante, Governor ; Fray Man- 
 uel de Sopena ; Antonio de Gruciaga. 
 
 514 MARIA DE MOYA to Getrudis Montes y Vigil. Santa 
 
 Fe, 1729. 
 
 House and land. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. Juan 
 Manuel Chiriiios. 
 
 515 CRISTOBAL MARTIN vs. FRANCISCO MARTIN. 
 
 1731. 
 
 Question of boundaries of land at Santa Cruz. Felipe 
 Moraga, q. v. Gervasio Cruzat y Gongora, Governor. 
 Miguel de Quintana; Juan Antonio de Vnuane. 
 
 516 JUANA DE AN ALL A to Jose Montaiio. Alburquer- 
 que, 1731. 
 
 Land. Juan Gonzales Bas, Alcalde. Joseph de Quintana. 
 
 517 JOSEPH FRANCISCO MONTOYA vs. BALTAZAR 
 
 ROMERO. 1733. 
 
 Question of a tract of land at Pajarito. His grandfather, 
 Miguel Garcia de la Ribas, registered the Pajarito Tract.
 
 154 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Gervasio Cruzat y Gongora, Governor. Juan Antonio de 
 Vnanue; Isidro Sanches; Gaspar Bitton; Juan Gonzales 
 Bas, Alcalde; Pedro de Chabes, Alcalde. 
 
 518 GERONIMO and IGNACIO MARTIN, Juan de Gam- 
 boa and Pascual and Tomas de Manzanares, all of 
 Chama. 
 
 Grant. Land above Ahiquni. Juan Paez Hurtado, Act- 
 ing Governor. 1735. Diego de Vgartte. 
 
 This grant was revoked by Gervasio Cruzat y Gongora, 
 Governor. 
 
 519 JACINTO MARTIN and JOSEPH GARCIA. 
 
 Grant. 1735. Land in a place called Cieneguilla in the 
 county of Taos. Juan Paez Hurtado, Acting Governor. 
 Revoked by Governor Cruzat y Gongora. 
 
 520 VENTURA de MESTAS vs. Antonio de Beitia. 1736. 
 
 Question of lands at the mouth of the Ojo Caliente. Ger- 
 vasio Cruzat y Gongora, Governor. Gaspar Bitton. 
 
 It appears that Antonio Martin also had a grant at this 
 place. 
 
 On the first page we find ^'Por la parte del sur con el 
 pasa del rrio que llaman el bado. ' ' Shows that the use of 
 the word ^^paso" is identical with that used in the name of 
 the city of El Paso del Rio del Norte, meaning "ford" or 
 ' ' crossing. ' ' 
 
 521 REPORT on the condition of the property of Felix Mar- 
 tinez, Governor, deceased. Antonio Montoya, Alcalde. 
 Item No. 1105, q. v. 
 
 522 DIEGO ARIAS de QUIROS to Francisco Xavier de 
 
 Mestas. 
 
 Donation of land in Cuyamungue. 1738. Antonio Mon- 
 toya, Alcalde. Joseph de Riano. 
 
 523 CRISTOBAL MARTIN vs. Francisco Martin. 1738. 
 
 Question of lands. No. 515, q. v. Henrique de Olavide y 
 Michelena, Governor. Pedro Joseph de Leon; Gervasio 
 Cruzat y Gongora, Governor ; Balthazar Montoya ; Miguel 
 de Quintana. 
 
 524 GERONIMO MARTIN. 1739. 
 
 Revocation of grant made to him at Villa Nueva de Santa
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 155 
 
 Cruz by Juan Paez Hurtado, Acting Governor. Revoca- 
 tion by Cruzat y Gongora, Governor. 
 
 In his paper the governor says: ''por quanta mande 
 recojer por siertos motivos que para ello tube, las mer- 
 sedes de tierras que dio el Theniente General Don Juan 
 Paez Hurtado, en el tiempo que yo estava hasiendo la 
 visita," etc. 
 
 525 ANTONIA DOMINGUEZ MENDOZA to Maria Mada- 
 lena Medina. 1740. 
 
 Land in Santa Fe. Antonio Montoya, Alcalde. Baltazar 
 Montoya. 
 
 526 ANDRES MONTOYA. Cieneguilla. 1740. 
 
 Will. Juan Paez Hurtado, Alcalde. Joseph Miguel de la 
 Peiia ; Gregorio Garduiio ; Juan Orttis. 
 
 527 CATARINA MAESE. 
 
 Grant. 1742. Land on the other side of the Santa Fe 
 river. Gaspar Domingo de Mendoza, Governor. Gre- 
 gorio Garduiio. 
 
 528 ANTONIO MONTOYA. Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz. 
 
 Will. 1749. Juan Joseph Sandoval, Alcalde. Salbador 
 Barela. 
 
 With this also are: 
 
 Bartolome Lovato. Petition. 1703. Claim for an 
 Apache woman from Captain Xptobal de Arellano. 
 
 El Marques de la Naba Brazinas, Governor. 
 
 529 JACINTO MARTIN Juan Francisco Martin. 
 
 Phelipe Bustamante Antonio Martin 
 
 Relative to the settlement of lands near the pueblo of the 
 Picuries. 1744. Joachin Codallos y Rabal, Governor. 
 
 530 MARGARITA MARTIN. Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz. 
 1744. 
 
 Inventory and partition of her estate. 
 Joachin Codallos y Rabal, Governor. Francisco de Roa y 
 Carrillo; Juan Garcia de la Mora; Joseph Antonio de la 
 Thorre ; Carlos Fernandez ; Francisco Ortiz, Alcalde ; Juan 
 Joseph Pacheco ; Francisco Orttiz, Alcalde. 
 
 531 FRAY JUAN MIGUEL MENCHERO. 1748. 
 
 Petition relating to confiscated property of criminal In- 
 dians. Joachin Codallos y Rabal, Governor.
 
 156 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Petition by Father Juan Miguel Menehero, asking that 
 certain property, which had been confiscated from persons 
 guilty of various crimes, should be turned over to him 
 (after the payment of the necessary fees incident to the 
 legal proceedings), to be applied to the reestablishment of 
 the then deserted pueblo of Sandia. 
 
 Governor Codallos y Rabal on April 19, 1748, decided 
 that he did not have authority to grant the petition, but ad- 
 vised the priest to apply to the viceroy, to vs^hom the decision 
 of the disposition of the confiscated property belonged. 
 
 The only important thing in the document is that the 
 pueblo of Sandia had been deserted, and was then being 
 reestablished, with a view to gathering together the Mo- 
 qui Indians, who were scattered about among the different 
 pueblos of the kingdom. 
 
 In this it appears that the pueblo of Sandia had been de- 
 serted and in (1748) was being reestablished. It also 
 shows that certain property of the Indians of Cochiti, 
 Tesuque, and San Juan had been confiscated because the 
 owners had been guilty of Use majeste and other crimes. 
 
 532 SALVADOR MARTINEZ. 1748. Petition. 
 
 Complains of having been dispossessed of his property, 
 houses and lands, at the "Vega of Sandia," by the priests. 
 Joachin Codallos y Rabal, Governor. Fray Juan Miguel 
 de Menehero; Phelipe Jacobo Vnanue; Miguel de Alire; 
 Fray Joseph Juan Hernandez. 
 
 Petition of Salvador Martinez to have restored to him 
 certain lands, houses, etc., which he alleged had been given 
 to the Indians who were brought from Moqui to Sandia 
 in 1742, by the friars Carlos Delgado and Pedro Pino. 
 
 The petition was denied by Governor Codallos on July 
 13, 1748, apparently for the reason that the petitioner had 
 not made any protest at the time he alleged his property 
 was given to the Indians, and also because he had suffered 
 no real injury, having more desirable property elsewhere. 
 
 This indicates that the Indians were brought from Moqui 
 to the neighborhood of the deserted pueblo of Sandia in 
 1742 under the direction of the frayles, Carlos Delgado 
 and Pedro Pino; also shows that this region was exposed 
 to raids from the Faraon Apaches. 
 
 533 VENTURA de ME ST AS, Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz. 
 1748. Vs. Juan Antonio Lujan, Manuela Beytia and 
 Salvador de Torres. 
 
 Joachin Codallos y Rabal, Governor. Juan de Beytia, Al-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 157 
 
 calde. Vincente Ginzo Ron y Thobar; Joseph Homo de 
 Vera; Antonio de Armenta; Leonardo de la Cruz; Fran- 
 cisco Gomez del Castillo. 
 
 534 ANTONIO MARTIN. Chimatjo. 1748. 
 
 Question of lands with Martin Fernandez. ' ' vecino de tan 
 sumamente mat corazon. Joachin Codallos y Rabal, Gov- 
 ernor. Vincente Ginzo Ron y Thobar ; Juan de Beytia, 
 Alcalde ; Martin Balerio ; Francisco Gomez del Castillo. 
 
 535 LORENZO MARTIN, of El Paso del Norte, to Fran- 
 cisco Martin, 1749. 
 
 Land in Chimayo. Juan Joseph Sandoval, Alcalde. Mar- 
 tin Valerio. 
 
 536 ROSA MARTINA FERNANDEZ. Villa Nueva de 
 Santa Cruz. 1750. 
 
 Will. Juan Joseph Sandoval, Alcalde. Salvador Varela ; 
 Alonzo Sandoval. 
 
 537 ANTONIO de SALAZAR to Pedro Martin. 1750. 
 
 House and land in '^ Corral de Piedra." Juan Joseph 
 Lobato, Procurador General. Juan Joseph Jaques; Juan 
 Domingo Lovato. 
 
 538 MANUEL de la ROSA to Pedro Martin. 1751. 
 
 Land in Abiquiu. Juan Joseph Lovato, Procurador Gen- 
 eral. Juan Domingo Lovato; Juan Tnijillo. 
 
 539 MANUEL BACA to Josefa Montoya. 1751. 
 
 Land in '' Canada de Guicu. ques el lindero un alamo 
 grande de o gare donda y por lo que mira de norte a sur 
 lo que resa la nierced o venta real del Pnesto de la Ciene- 
 guilla." Manuel Gallegos, Alcalde. Pedro Tafoya. 
 
 540 ANTONIO MARTIN vs. Martin Valerio. Chimayo. 
 1751. 
 
 Question of boundaries. Juan Joseph Lobato, Alcalde. 
 Juan Andres de Avalos. 
 
 541 CRISTOBAL AMESTAS (Mestas) for himself and his 
 
 father, Mateo Mestas, and his brothers vs. Ventura de 
 
 Mestas. Jurisdiction de la Canada. 1752. 
 
 Question of lands. Tomas Veles Cachupin, Governor. 
 Nicolas de Orttiz.
 
 158 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 542 CASILDA de MESTAS and JUAN PEDRO SIS- 
 
 neros to Ventura de Mestas. 1754. 
 
 "TJim parte considerable de tien'a" on the Chama river, 
 above the Rio del Oso. Juan Joseph Lovato, Alcalde. 
 Juan Domingo Lovato ; Francisco Baldes y Bustos. 
 
 543 CRISTOBAL MARTIN to Marcos Martin. Villa Nu- 
 eva de Santa Cruz. 1753. 
 
 Land. Juan Joseph Lovato, Alcalde. Miguel Salazar. 
 
 544 MARIA de HERRERA to Manuel Dias del Castillo 
 (alias Mora). Santa Cruz del Ojo Caliente. 1753. 
 
 Lands. Juan Joseph Lobato, Alcalde. Jose Martin. 
 
 545 BARTOLOME TRUGILLO to Manuel Martin. Abi- 
 quiu. 1753. 
 
 Land. Juan Joseph Lovato, Alcalde. Antonio Martin. 
 
 546 MIGUEL MARTIN SERRANO. San Antonio. Rio 
 
 Arriba County (?). 
 
 Will. 1752. Hilario Archuleta, Alcalde. Francisco Go- 
 mez del Castillo; Juan Gomez del Castillo. 
 
 547 DOMINGO de HERRERA and Gertrude Xaramillo, his 
 wife, to Joseph de Medina. Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz. 
 1753. 
 
 Juan Joseph Lovato, Alcalde. Antonio Martin. 
 
 548 GREGORIO LOBATO to Bartolome Marquez. 1754. 
 
 Land in Santa Fe. Nicolas Orttiz, Alcalde. Juan An- 
 tonio Ortiz. 
 
 549 JOSEPH and JUAN HURTADO to Diego Marquez. 
 
 1754. 
 
 House and land in Santa Fe. Nicolas Orttiz, Alcalde. 
 Joseph Maldonado. 
 
 550 JOSEPH RINCON to Bartolome Marques. Santa Fe, 
 1755. 
 
 Land on the other side of the Rio Santa Fe. 
 
 Fkancisco Rael de Aguilar to the same. Same date. 
 Land adjoining the above. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 Manuel Vigil; Estevan Rodriguez.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 159 
 
 551 IGNACIO DE ROYBAL to Juan Minon. Santa Fe. 
 
 1755. 
 
 Donation. Land. Testimonio. Certified by Francisco 
 Guerrero, Alcalde. Antonio Guerrero; Manuel Vigil. 
 
 552 JUAN JOSEPH MORENO. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe. 1756. Francisco Marin del Valle, Gov- 
 ernor. Miguel de Alire ; Francisco Xavier Fragoso. 
 The preamble of this instrument is very interesting. 
 
 553 BARTOLOME FERNANDEZ to Isidro Martin. Santa 
 
 Fe. 1757. 
 
 Land, Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Manuel Bernardo 
 Garvisu; Phelipe Sandoval Fernandez. 
 
 554 JUAN FRANCISCO MOYA to Lucas Moya. Santa Fe. 
 
 1758. 
 
 House and land. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Manuel 
 Bernardo Garvisu ; Antonio Guerrero. 
 
 555 ANTONIO MONTOYA to Urbano Montoya. Santa Fe. 
 
 1759. 
 
 Lands at a place called Los Palacios. Francisco Guerrero, 
 Alcalde. 
 
 556 CRISTOBAL MARTIN to Jose Maldonado. Santa Fe. 
 
 1761. 
 
 House and land on the other side of the Bio Santa Fc. 
 Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Jose Miguel de la Pena ; 
 Lucas Moya. 
 
 557 JOAQUIN MESTAS. 
 
 Petition to be permitted to remain for a certain time on 
 land occupied by him at Lagunitas del Rio Puerco. 1762. 
 Tomas Veles Cachupin, Governor. Reported Claims Nos. 
 97 and 101, q. v. 
 
 At Santa Teresa de Jesiis, Feb. 8, 1768, Captain Bar- 
 tolome Fernandez, chief alcalde, placed Joaquin Mestas in 
 possession of a tract of land, under a grant from Governor 
 Mendinueta, upon ivhich no Apaches were living, in the 
 presence of Miguel and Santiago Montoya ; the Chaco 
 Mesa was the western boundary; in measuring this land 
 the alcalde used a "cordel, one hundred Castillian varas 
 long." The grantees were cautioned by the governor to 
 occasion no injury to the "Apaches of the Navajo coun-
 
 160 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 try," and to treat them with ''love, fidelity and kindness, 
 endeavouring earnestly to bring them to the pale of our 
 mother, the church," with the penalty that if such treat- 
 ment was not given the Indians the grant would be for- 
 feited. Mestas recites that he had a former grant from 
 Governor Marin del Valle, upon the Rio Puerco, and had 
 been dispossessed by Governor Cachupin who gave the 
 property to Captain Antonio Baca. 
 
 558 SEBASTIAN MARTIN vs. Manuel Martin. Villa 
 Nueva de Santa Cruz. 1763. 
 
 Question as to the validity of donation of lands. Juan 
 Paez Hurtado, Governor ; Tomas Veles Cachupin, Gov- 
 ernor; Antonio de Beitia, Juez Commissionado ; Carlos 
 Fernandez ; Manuel Antonio Lorenz ; Joseph Garcia de 
 Mora ; Matlieo de Pefiarredonda. 
 
 559 GETRUDIS MARTIN. Intestate. Santa Cruz de la 
 Canada. 1763. 
 
 Inventory and partition of her estate. Cristobal Madrid, 
 son of the deceased ; Juan Sanches ; Francisco Antonio 
 Zisneros; Carlos Fernandez, Alcalde Mayor, 
 
 560 XPTOBAL MADRID. Santa Fe. 1765. 
 
 Will. Tomas Madrid, Lieutenant. Francisco Esquibel, 
 Alferez. 
 
 561 GERONIMO MARTIN to Jose Martin. Ahiquiu. 
 
 1764. 
 
 Rancho; boundaries: Por el orients con el lindero de los 
 Indios : Por el sur, donde rezare la merced de diclio sitio; 
 por el poniente la orilla del estero en lo que mira a lahor; 
 el hordo del estero con la mojonera de Marcelino, y el 
 camino a libre al pie del cerrito, que esta al sur para en- 
 trar y sali el hosque pleyto de los Frijoles y la casa de 
 Marcelino — por la derecera de la punta de la Mesa Alta; 
 al poniente; por el norte el Rio de Chama; sold for $1,668. 
 Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. Lorenzo Baldes ; San- 
 tiago Martin. 
 
 562 JOSEPH BACA to Joaquin Mestas. San Pedro de 
 
 Chama. 1784. 
 
 House and lands. Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. Jo- 
 seph Lujan.
 
 
 \ 
 
 Don Baltazar de Zuniga, Marques de Valero 
 Duke of Arion, Viceroy of Mexico, 1716-22
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 161 
 
 563 MIGUEL de HERRERA to Simon Martin. Villa Nueva 
 
 de Santa Cruz. 1784. 
 
 House and land. Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. Jo- 
 seph Lujan. 
 
 564 MATEO MESTAS. 
 
 Will. Santa Cruz de la Canada. 1764. Joseph Esquibel, 
 Alcalde. Luis Cano Saenz. 
 
 565 FRANCISCO MARTIN. 
 
 Will. San Antonio del Embudo. 1784. Francisco An- 
 tonio Zisneros, Alcalde. Cristobal Lorenzo Lobato ; Julian 
 Martin. 
 
 566 JUAN ANTONIO FRESQUIS to ANTONIO MAR- 
 TIN. San Antonio del Emhudo. 1765. 
 
 Land on El Rio del Norte. Manuel Garcia Pareja, Al- 
 calde. Manuel Zamora. 
 
 567 NICOLAS MARES. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe. 1766. Thomas Madi'id, Teniente. Juan 
 Cayetano Nvuane. 
 
 568 JUAN PABLO MARTIN. 
 
 Grant. Polvadera, Rio Arriba county. 1766. Reported 
 Claim No. 131, q. v. 
 
 569 JOSEPHA MONTOYA. 
 
 Will. 1766. Santa Fe. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 Francisco Xavier Fragoso ; Juan Francisco Niiio Ladron 
 de Guebara. 
 
 570 QUITERIA PACHECO to Antonio Madrid. Santa Fe. 
 
 1766. 
 
 Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Ignaeio Xaramillo; San- 
 tiago Frnz (Fernandez). 
 
 571 MIGUEL and SANTIAGO MONTOYA vs. Juan Pablo 
 
 Martin. 1766. 
 
 In the matter of the Polvadera Tract. Tomas Veles Ca- 
 chupin, Governor ; Joseph Maldonado ; Gaspar Domingo 
 de Mendoza. Governor ; Pedro Martin Serrano ; Lucas 
 Manuel de Alcala ; Joseph Miguel de la Pena ; Carlos Fer- 
 nandez ; Joseph Terms ; Antonio de Herrera ; Phelipe
 
 162 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Tafoya, Procurador; Juan Antonio Ortiz; Domingo La- 
 badia. 
 
 In the year 1767, Miguel and Santiago Montoya were 
 residents of Alburquerque ; they were grandsons of the 
 great Captain Antonio Montoya, who came with De Var- 
 gas, who, with his two sons, jMiguel Montoya and Juan 
 Manuel Montoya, lived at Santa Rosa de Abiquiu until 
 the place was abandoned. On the lands of the elder 
 Montoyas, at Abiquiu, Governor Tomas Veles Cachupin 
 founded the pueblo of Santo Tomas de Abiquiu, and 
 promised ]\Iiguel Montoya, father of Miguel ]\Iontoya, to 
 give him in lieu thereof a tract of land in some other part 
 of the province; this he did not do, and the son, Miguel, 
 and his cousin, Santiago, "finding themselves with the 
 large families of their widowed mothers on hand," re- 
 siding at Atrisco (near Alburquerque), asked for a tract 
 of land on the Rio Puerco. This tract was denied them, 
 as it was already occupied by Antonio Baca and Salvador 
 Jaramillo ; in the month of October, 1766, Governor Ca- 
 chupin "in lieu of the ranch they refer to at Abiquiu, 
 where the Indian mission of Santo Tomas was established 
 and settled, the same having been found uninhabited," 
 granted the Montoyas a tract on the Rio Puerco, "bounded 
 on the south by lands of Jose Garcia, on the north the 
 place where Joaquin Mestas is located, on the east the 
 Rio Puerco and on the west the brow of a hill." Posses- 
 sion was given in the presence of the Indians of the 
 pueblo of Zia (adjoining owners). The testimonios were 
 deposited in the archives February 14, 1767, approved 
 by the governor. 
 
 572 JUAN FRANCISCO MARTIN. 
 
 Will. Fragment. 1787. Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. 
 Antonio Joseph Lovato. 
 
 573 JUAN BAUTISTA MONTANO. 
 
 Petition. San Fernando del Rio Puerco. 1767. Asking 
 for lands " sohras" of Antonio Baca and Salvador Xara- 
 millo. Not granted. Don Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta, 
 Governor. Antonio Moreto ; Mateo de Pefiarredonda ; An- 
 tonio Baca. File No. 105, office of S. G., q. v. 
 
 574 FELIPE de SANDOVAL to Antonio Nerio Montoya. 
 1767. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 118, q. v.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 163 
 
 575 LUCAS DE MOYA to Manuel Moya. Santa Fe. 1767. 
 
 Land down the river. 
 
 576 SANTIAGO and MIGUEL MONTOYA. 
 
 Grant. 1767. Reported Claim No. 100, q. v. 
 
 577 VICENTE de SENA to Joseph Maldonado. Santa Fe. 
 
 1767. 
 
 Land at Buena Vista. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. An- 
 tonio Dominguez. 
 
 578 JUANA DE OJEDA and JUAN de BENAVIDES to 
 
 Vicente Martinez, Santa Fe, 1767. 
 
 House and lands. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Fran- 
 cisco Xavier Fragoso. 
 
 579 MEMORIA del Soldado, Cristobal Madrid, ''donde de- 
 
 clara los bienes que tiene por hallarse para dar qiienta 
 
 at criador.'" 
 
 Thomas Madrid, Teniente; Phelipe Sandoval; Miguel Te- 
 norio ; Diego Antonio de la Pefia. 
 
 580 JUANA TERESA, JULIANA and JUANA GETRU- 
 DIS FLORES to Bartolome Marques. Santa Fe. 1767. 
 
 Lands. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Nicolas Ortiz. 
 
 581 JOAQUIN MESTAS. 1788. 
 
 Grant. Reported Claim No. 97, q. v. 
 
 582 BERNARDO de MIERA y PACHECO and Pedro Pa- 
 dilla. 
 
 Grant. 1768. Reported Claim No. 98, q. v. 
 
 583 NERIO ANTONIO MONTOYA. 
 
 Grant. 1768. Reported Claim No. 11, q. v. 
 
 584 PAULIN MONTOYA and Five others. 
 
 Grant. 1768. File No. 185, g. v. 
 
 585 MATEO GUTIERREZ to Tomas Madrid. Santa Fe. 
 
 1768. 
 
 House and land. Phelipe Tafoya, Alcalde. Juan Miguel 
 Tafoya ; Joachin Lain.
 
 164 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 586 BERNAEDINO de SENA MAESE to Joseph Maese. 
 1768. 
 
 House and lands. Phelipe Tafoya; Anacleto Miera; Joa- 
 chin Lain. 
 
 587 MARIA MARTIN. Will. Santa Fe, 1768. 
 
 Phelipe Tafoya, Alcalde; Lucas Moya; Santiago Fernan- 
 dez; Manuel Fernandez. 
 
 588 JUAN DE ATENCIO to Manuel Manzanares. San Pe- 
 dro de Chama. 1769. 
 
 House and lot. Antonio Joseph Ortiz, Alcalde. Juan 
 Domingo Lobato; Joseph Garcia de la Mora. 
 
 589 ANDRES MANZANARES to Manuel Manzanares. 
 
 Pojoaque. 1769. 
 
 House and lot in Chama. Antonio Joseph Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 Manuel de Arteaga. 
 
 590 MONICA TOMASA MARTIN. 
 
 Intestate. Valle de San Geronimo de Taos. 1770. It ap- 
 pears that a will was made in 1768. It is on file with 
 these papers. Inventory and partition of her estate. An- 
 tonio Armijo, Alcalde. Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta, 
 Governor. Antonio Solano ; Domingo Benavides, Alcalde ; 
 Salvador Rivera; Nicolas Leal. 
 
 591 ANTONIO de ARMENTA to Isidro Maese. Santa Fe, 
 
 nil. 
 
 Land. Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. Joseph Armenta. 
 
 592 MARCIAL MARTIN SANGIL, of Santo Domingo de 
 
 Cundiyo, vs. MARCIAL MARTIN. 
 
 Question of land under a grant had by purchase by the 
 complainant's father from Phelipe Moraga. 1771. Cris- 
 tobal Montes Vigil, Alcalde. Mateo de Peharredonda ; 
 Juan Francisco Mascarenas ; Domingo Labadia ; Pedro 
 Fermin de Mendinueta; Antonio Moreto; Juan de Arte- 
 aga; Joseph de Medina. 
 
 593 ANACLETO de MIERA y PACHECO and Maria Cat- 
 arina Pino. 
 
 Petition. 1786. Asking that the property of Antonio de 
 Luna, deceased, and said Maria Catarina de Pino be 
 placed in their custody.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 165 
 
 593 MANUEL de ARMIJO and Juan de Ledesma to Jose 
 
 Mares. Santa Fe. 1764. 
 
 Donation of share in mine. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 Antonio de Armenta. 
 
 594 VICENTE MARTIN. Will. 1774. Santa Fe. 
 
 Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. Antonio Armijo. 
 
 595 TOMAS MADRID. Will. Santa Fe, 1781. 
 
 Jose Maldonado. Antonio Guerrero. 
 
 596 JOSEPHA MESTAS. Pojoaque. Will. 1785. 
 
 Also partition of her estate, Jose Campo Redondo. Anza, 
 Governor, 
 
 597 ANACLETO MIERA y PACHECO and Maria Catar- 
 
 ina Pino. 
 
 Petition. 1788. Asking that the property of the minor 
 children of Antonio de Luna and said Maria Catarina be 
 placed in their custody. Juan Bautista de Anza, Gov- 
 ernor. Josef Andres Calles. Copy of No. 593. 
 
 598 JOSE MALDONADO. Will. 1789. Santa Fe. 
 
 Also inventory and partition of his estate. Antonio Guer- 
 rero, Alferez. Jose Sandobal; Fernando de la Concha, 
 Governor; Jose Rafael Sarracino, Administrador de Cor- 
 reos; Cristobal Maria Larraiiaga; Nicolas Antonio de 
 Henestrosa ; Manuel Delgado, of Chihuahua ; Cleto Miera ; 
 Antonio Jose Ortiz, Alcalde ; Vincente Troncoso, Teni- 
 ente; Fernando Lamelas. 
 
 599 CLEMENTE GUTIERRES to Viviana Martin. San 
 Isidro de los Corrales. 1784-1793. 
 
 Lands in Alameda. Nerio Antonio Montoya, Alcalde; Fer- 
 nando de la Concha, Governor; Juan Gabriel de Lago; 
 Fernando de Lamelas. 
 
 600 JUAN FRANCISCO MARTIN. 
 
 Will. San Antonio del Emhudo. Incomplete. Four pages 
 and no signature. 
 
 601 FRANCISCO XAVIER de MIRANDA. Alhurquerque. 
 No date. 
 
 Asking that Juan Montano be ordered to give him a deed. 
 Antonio Gurule is mentioned as "Colindante."
 
 166 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 602 MARIA MICHAELA MAESE. Santa Fe. No date. 
 
 Asking that land granted to her deceased husband, Martin 
 Padilla, in the Partido del Bado, be confirmed to her. 
 The land granted was 150 " caisadas." 
 
 603 PAULIN MONTOYA vs. Miguel Ortiz. Sitio de la 
 
 Majada. 1800. 
 
 Trespass, etc. Josef Miguel de la Peiia; Fernando Cha- 
 con, Governor ; Jose Campo Redondo ; Francisco Montoya. 
 La Majada Tract. 
 
 604 MANUEL MARES. 
 
 "Will. Santa Fe. 1804. Juan de Dios Pena, Alferez; 
 Fernando Chacon, Governor ; Jose Campo Redondo. 
 
 605 MIGUEL MIRABAL, of Las Huertas. 1808. 
 
 Petition relating to inheritance of land under the will of 
 his great grandfather. Land in Alameda. 
 
 Cleto Miera y Pacheco; Eusebio Rael; Domingo La- 
 badia; Jose Garcia, Alcalde; Jose Garcia de la Mora, Al- 
 calde ; Ignacio Sanchez Vergara ; Jose Gutierrez ; Nicolas 
 Salazar; Manrique, Governor; Juan Jose Santillanes; Feliz 
 Pino; Alencaster, Governor. 
 
 The Alameda Tract was granted to Captain Francisco 
 Montes Vigil January 27, 1710, by Admiral Joseph Cha- 
 con, Marques de la Penuela. Montes Vigil came to New 
 Mexico "among the collection of families made in the 
 City of Our Lady of Zacateeas, my native place, by Gen- 
 eral Juan Paez Hurtado. " Montes Vigil participated in 
 all of the battles of the re-conquest. The boundaries of 
 the tract as described in the decree of royal possession, 
 are, on the north a ruin of an old pueblo, of two that there 
 are, is the more distant one from the Alameda tract; and 
 on the south a small hill, which is the boundary of Luis 
 Garcia; on the east the Rio del Norte, and on the west 
 plains and hills for entrances and exits. Possession was 
 given in the presence of Martin Hurtado, son of the Gen- 
 eral Juan Paez Hurtado, Luis Garcia and Jose de Quin- 
 tana. Hurtado at the time was war chief and alcalde of 
 Alburquerque. 
 
 606 JUAN MANUEL MARTIN and his brothers, heirs of 
 Antonio Sisneros, their grandfather, and Pedro Martin, 
 their father. 
 
 Agreement with their mother, Maria Manuela Sisneros.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 167 
 
 Abiquiu. 1809. Question as to lands. Manuel Garcia, 
 Alcalde. Jose Miguel Tenorio. 
 
 607 MARIA MARQUES de AYALA. Pojoaque. 1811. 
 
 Question of title to Rancho de Cuyamungue, sold under 
 mortgage, and bought by Juan Rafael Ortiz. Manuel 
 Garcia de la ]\Iora, Alcalde. Manrique, Governor. Tomas 
 de Herrera. 
 
 608 JOSE MONTOYA. CaFion de Jemez. 1810. 
 
 Petition for land. Referred to the Governor with favor- 
 able recommendation. Ignacio Sanchez Vergara, Alcalde. 
 
 The names of the settlers of the Canon de Jemes are 
 found in this item. 
 
 The first settlers of the tract known as the Caiion de 
 San Diego were Francisco and Antonio Garcia, brothers, 
 who were interpreters of the Navajo nation, Miguel Gar- 
 cia, Joaquin Montoya, Salvador Garcia, Jose Manuel Gar- 
 cia, Juan Jose Gutierres, Juan de Aguilar, Bias Nepomu- 
 ceno Garcia, Bartolome Montoya, Jose Montoya, Tomas 
 Montoya, Juan Domingo Martin, Jose Gonzales, Salvador 
 Lopez, Antonio Abad Garcia, Miguel Gallegos, Marcos 
 Apodaca, Jose Miguel Duran, and Jose Maria Jaramillo, 
 who applied for a quantity of uncultivated land in the 
 Canon de San Diego, adjoining lands belonging to the In- 
 dians of Jemez. Their petition was filed in 1798, and 
 asked for lands from east to west to the middle arroyo 
 called Los Torreones. and from north to south to the Val- 
 lecito de la Cueva, which is in front of the water fall and 
 in a transverse line from the middle arroyo to the Rito de 
 la Jara. They also protested that they would not injure 
 the Indians with their persons nor their stock, stating that 
 the few trees which the Indians had set out were planted 
 on lands which did not belong to them. 
 
 The grant was made by Don Fernando Chacon, knight 
 of the order of Santiago, lieutenant-colonel of the royal 
 armies, and political and military governor of the prov- 
 ince. Possession was given March 14, 1798, in the 
 presence of the natives of the pueblo of Jemez, who had 
 been summoned by the chief justice of that pueblo, Don 
 Antonio de Armenta. 
 
 609 MARIA VIVIANA MARTIN. Alameda. 1812. 
 
 Petition. Asks that her son-in-law, Vineente Montaiio, 
 be ordered to return to her the title deeds to lands in 
 Alameda. Incomplete. Manrique, Governor. Lorenzo
 
 168 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Gutierrez. Josef Mariano de la Peiia, Alcalde. No. 599, 
 q. V. 
 
 610 JUANA BARBARA MONTANO. CocUti. 1813. Vs. 
 
 Vicente Montaiio, lier father. 
 
 Complaint that he sold land belonging to herself and her 
 brothers without their consent, to Miguel Hurtado. Finally 
 settled in favor of purchaser, Miguel Geronimo Hurtado, 
 IManrique, Governor. Herrera (Mariano de) Auditor de 
 Guerra, Chihuahua. Cleto Miera y Pacheco. 
 
 611 ANTONIO XAVIER MADRID. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe. 1813. Miguel Portillo, Alferez. Josef 
 Francisco Griego ; Josef Larrahaga. 
 
 612 PEDRO MARTIN. Abiquiu. 1806. 
 
 Proceedings in the matter of the settlement of his estate. 
 ]\Iaria Manuela Sisneros; Joseph Anastacio Hernandez; 
 Manrique, Governor ; Manuel Garcia de la IVIora, Alcalde ; 
 Juan de Terms Luzero; Pedro Ignacio Gallego. 
 
 613 MARCIAL MONTOYA and Pablo Antonio Romero. 
 Abiquiu. 1814. 
 
 Petition for themselves and sixty others for lands on the 
 Brazos del Bio de Chama. Referred to the Governor. 
 Pedro Ignacio Gallego, Alcalde. 
 
 614 DIEGO ANTONIO MARTIN. Santa Cruz de la Cana- 
 da. 1819. 
 
 Damages by a ditch. Facundo Melgares, Governor. Juan 
 Francisco Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 615 MANUEL MARTIN and Pablo Romero. 1820. 
 
 Petition for the Tierra Amarilla Tract. Facundo Mel- 
 gares, Governor. Jose Garcia de la Mora. 
 
 616 MARIA NIEVES MIRAVAL. 
 
 Grant. 1822. Land in Galistco. Pedro Armendariz, Al- 
 calde. Jose Maria Baca, Secretary. 
 
 617 PABLO MONTOYA vs. Francisco Xavier Mares. 1822- 
 23. 
 
 Lands in the Majada Tract. Incomplete. Antonio Viz- 
 carra. Governor. Jose Francisco Baca, Alcalde.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 169 
 
 618 PABLO MONTOYA. Cienega. 1824. 
 
 Petition to the Territorial Deputation for lands on the 
 Eio Colorado del Bincon de la Cinta a la Trinchera. 
 Granted by the Deputation on November 19, 1824. Juan 
 Bautista Vigil, Secretary. Bartolome Baca, Jefe Superior 
 Politico. 
 
 619 JOSE ANTONIO MARTIN. Bosque Grande. 1824. 
 
 Petition relative to lands. No action taken. 
 
 620 JOSE IGNACIO MADRID and the other heirs of Roque 
 Madrid vs. Matias Ortiz. Santa Cruz de la Canada. 
 1824. 
 
 Question of lands. No final action. Bartolome Baca, 
 Jefe Politico. Mariano Chaves, Alcalde. 
 
 621 JOSE ANTONIO MARTIN, alias ''El Renegado,'' vs. 
 
 Jose Manuel Sanchez. Bosque Grande, Jurisdiction de 
 
 San Juan. 1821-1828. 
 
 Question of lands. Tomas de Herrera, Alcalde ; Diego 
 Antonio Lucero, Alcalde; Tomas de Herrera, Alcalde; 
 Manuel Armijo, Governor; Juan de Jesus Martin, Al- 
 calde; Antonio Narbona, Governor; Diego Sisneros, Al- 
 calde; Josef Antonio Martinez; Juan Andres Archuleta. 
 
 622 BERNARDO MARTINEZ. Los Corrales. 1828. 
 
 Petition for land near the Sandias. Not granted. Bal- 
 tazar Baca, Alcalde. 
 
 Baltazar Baca had a grant called the "Encinol," re- 
 ported No. 104. 
 
 This grant was rejected by the court of private land 
 claims. There was a preliminary survey under the act 
 of 1854, and this conflicted with the Laguna Pueblo Grant. 
 Persons who claimed under the former grant title are 
 now endeavoring to assert title by possession against the 
 Indians of Laguna as to the part which conflicted with the 
 Paguate Purchase. 
 
 623 MARIANO MONTOYA, Indian of Sandia, in the name 
 of the Pueblo, vs. Eusebio Rael. 1826. 
 
 Title to land. 
 
 624 BERNARDO MADRID vs. Jose Antonio Bustos. San- 
 ta Cruz de la Canada. 1826. 
 
 Lands. Apolinario Lopez, Alcalde.
 
 170 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 625 JUAN DE JESUS MARTINEZ, Alcalde del Puehlo de 
 
 San Lorenzo de Picuries. 1829. 
 
 In the name of the pueblo protests against cession of lands 
 adjoining the pueblo. Juan Antonio Lobato, Preside^ite 
 del Ayuntamiento de Taos. Santiago Martinez, Secretary. 
 
 626 MARIA GETRUDIS MONTOYA. 
 
 AVill. Agua Fria. 1820. Jose Ignacio Ortiz, Alcalde. J. 
 M. Alarid; Jose Ortiz. 
 
 627 PABLO MONTOYA. Cieneguilla. 1831-1832. 
 
 This is a very voluminous expediente relating to the title 
 of Montoya to this tract. Reported Claim No. 115, q. v. 
 
 628 JOSS VICTORINO MONTES VIGIL. Taos. 1836. 
 
 Claim to land at place called Rio Lucero, as heir under 
 the first settlers. The grant was made to his great-grand- 
 father, Pedro Montes Vigil. Albino Perez, Governor ; Ra- 
 fael de Luna, Alcalde; Santiago Martinez, Alcalde; Ant- 
 tonio J. Orttiz, Alcalde. 
 
 On July 5, 1836, Jose Yitorino Montes Vigil directed a 
 petition to the second alcalde of Taos, stating that he had 
 learned that there was a piece of land on the Lucero river 
 which had belonged to his great-grandfather, Pedro Montes 
 Vigil, as was stated in the grant ; that the petitioner was 
 the lawful owner of the land in question, and that he de7 
 sired that the alcalde should investigate the legality of 
 his claim, and place him in possession of the land. 
 
 On July 9, 1836, the alcalde, Santiago Martinez, re- 
 turned the petition, stating that it should be presented 
 on paper of the third stamp, and should be accompanied 
 by proofs of his heirship, and by other pertinent docu- 
 ments. 
 
 On August 4, 1836, the petitioner presented a second 
 petition, on the proper paper, which was followed by a 
 statement by Joaquin Montes Vigil to the effect that he 
 had an equal right in the property, and he joined in the 
 petition made by Jose Vitorino Montes Vigil. 
 
 On August 6, 1836, the alcalde referred the petition to 
 the ayimtamiento of Taos, stating that the matter in ques- 
 tion was within the jurisdiction of that body. 
 
 On August 13, 1836, a petition signed by fourteen per- 
 sons from the ranchos of the tract of Los Estiercoles, from 
 the town of San Fernando, and the puehlo of Taos, was 
 presented to the ayuntamiento of Taos. This petition
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 171 
 
 was in opposition to the one presented by Jose Vitorino 
 Montes Vigil. It states that the latter petition was pre- 
 sented by Vitorino Vigil, a citizen of Paso del Norte, by 
 Rafael and Joaquin Vigil, residents of Cieneguilla, and 
 by other persons, not named, who claimed to be descend- 
 ants of the deceased Pedro Vigil ; that these persons 
 wanted to cultivate land along the margins of the Lucero 
 river, where that stream emerged from the mountain ; that 
 the cultivation of said lands would result in great injury 
 to the persons already settled in the vicinity, and who 
 for years had depended upon the waters of the Lucero 
 river for the irrigation of their lands. 
 
 They ask that the persons claiming the lands in ques- 
 tion be required to present proofs of their genealogy, to 
 show the last will of the original grantee, with the in- 
 stitution of heirs, etc. In support of their contention 
 they allege that the claim of the petitioners to land on 
 the Lucero river is combated by the decree of 1813, pro- 
 mulgated by the king of Spain, and still in force in the 
 Mexican Republic, as well as by the laws of prescription, 
 acknowledged and observed throughout the world. 
 
 On August 28, 1836, a report was made to the ayunta- 
 miento of Taos by a committee of three persons, perhaps 
 members of that body, which report was not favorable to 
 the claim made by the Vigils, and which declared that 
 the people of the pueblo of Los Estiercoles and Fernando 
 de Taos were the legal owners of the waters of the Lucero 
 river. 
 
 Subsequently, from September 9, 1836, to January 19, 
 1837, on four occasions, Jose Vitorino Montes Vigil pre- 
 sented petitions to the jefe politico (governor) of New 
 Mexico, complaining that his petitions to the authorities at 
 Taos had not received the attention to which they were 
 entitled. 
 
 There are a number of statements by the alcalde of 
 Taos and others in regard to various features of the case. 
 
 The question at issue between the parties, so far as is 
 disclosed by this archive, was never passed upon by the 
 jefe politico, who at that time was Albino Perez, who sub- 
 sequently was murdered (August 10, 1837) by the In- 
 dians of Santo Domingo. 
 
 629 GUADALUPE MIRANDA. 
 
 Report recommending that the spring known as San Mar- 
 cos be granted to him. No signatures. 
 
 Guadalupe Miranda was secretary of New Mexico from
 
 172 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXI(?0 
 
 April 9, 1839, to October, 1843. After the occupation of 
 the Territory by the Americans in 1846 he declined becom- 
 ing an American citizen and in 1853 was appointed com- 
 missioner-general of Mexico to induce Mexicans in New 
 Mexico to locate and colonize lands south of the Rio 
 Grande. As such he succeeded the Fr. Ramon Ortiz of 
 El Paso. Miranda delivered possession of the lands to 
 the colony at IMesilla. At the time of the making of the 
 grant to the settlers, there were present, among others, 
 Domingo Cubero, Jose Manuel Sanchez Baca, Cesario Du- 
 ran. Bias Duran, Francisco Rojas, Valentin Maese, Mau- 
 ricio Sanchez, Eugenio Moreno, Vincente Lucero, and 
 Martin Trujillo. 
 
 On April 24, 1851, the dividing line between New Mex- 
 ico and Mexico — 32 degrees and 22 minutes north lati- 
 tude — was fixed as being ' ' the point at which said river 
 (Bravo or Grande del Norte) intersects the southern line 
 of New Mexico," it being understood that the distance 
 from this point from which the river now runs, in the 
 direction of the same parallel is two hundred and nine- 
 teen and four-tenths meters, consequently to the east of 
 said point. 
 
 There were present on this day, Don Juan Jose San- 
 chez, political chief of the Brazos district of the State of 
 Chihuahua, Brevet Captain Abraham Buford, commander 
 of Company H, 1st U. S. Dragoons, and Colonel Charles 
 F. Tappan, aide-de-camp to James S. Calhoun, governor 
 of New Mexico. General Juan Maria Ponce de Leon was 
 also present. Important settlements in this locality at this 
 time were Mesilla, Amoles, Paso del Norte, Senecu, Ysleta, 
 Socorro, and San Elezario. At the time that Miranda 
 acted Mesilla was in the State of Chihuahua, that portion 
 being afterwards acquired by the United States under the 
 Gadsden Purchase. There were about 1,500 people at 
 Mesilla at the time. Don Jose Joaquin de Herrera was 
 president and Don Mariano Otero, secretary of state of 
 Mexico at the time. 
 
 630 TOWN OF MORA. 1842. 
 
 Distribution of land. Grant to Jose Manuel Cordova, q. v. 
 File No. 35. 
 
 631 MIGUEL MASCARENAS. 
 
 Grant. 1844. Voiles de Santa Getrudis de lo de Mora. 
 Law of April 30, 1842, q. v. Arts. 13-15. Tomas Ortiz, 
 Alcalde. Miguel Antonio Lobato,
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 173 
 
 632 MIGUEL MASCARENAS. 
 
 Grant. Valles de Santa Getrudis de lo dc Mora. Tomas 
 Ortiz, Alcalde. Maiiricio Duran. 
 
 On the 20tli of October, one thousand eight hundred 
 and thirty-five, I, Manuel Antonio Sanchez, constitutional 
 justice of the jurisdiction of San Jose de Las Trampas, 
 with my attending witnesses, with whom I act by appoint- 
 ment, in compliance with the superior decree of Don Al- 
 bino Perez, political chief of the Territory, dated the 28th 
 day of September last past, I proceeded to the place 
 called Lo de Mora, within the jurisdiction under my 
 charge, for the purpose of distributing this public land, 
 as is provided in the aforementioned superior decree, and 
 being there, and the settlers interested, amounting to 
 seventy-six citizens, being there also, the lower valley was 
 called "Valle de Santa Gertrudes" and the upper one 
 "Valle de San Antonio," and in the name of the Mexican 
 Nation, and of this municipality, the town-site was marked 
 out in both valleys, the one at Santa Gertrudes being two 
 hundred varas from north to south, and one hundred and 
 fifty varas from east to west, leaving thirty varas outside 
 for drippage and a common road, and the meadow for the 
 benefit of all, with its entrances and exits free. The site 
 of the town of San Antonio contains two thousand varas 
 from north to south, and one hundred and fifty varas 
 from east to west, leaving the meadow for the benefit of 
 all settlers, with the following entrances and exits. On 
 the north the caiion of the Cumanches; on the south the 
 Rio de Las Casas, and in the direction of the Ceholla. 
 Thereupon I proceeded to distribute the land suitable to 
 cultivation, and drawing the line from east to west, on 
 the south side of the valley of Santa Gertrudes, there 
 were measured four thousand one hundred varas of land, 
 and on the north, in the direction of Tidquillo, there were 
 measured one thousand seven hundred varas of land, 
 which were distributed among the settlers in the order in 
 which they are arranged on the list. 
 
 On the subsequent day we proceeded to the valley of 
 San Antonio, and being there, we drew the line from the 
 edge of the Cienega towards the west, another was meas- 
 ured and distributed according to the list aforementioned ; 
 two thousand eight hundred varas of land in the valley; 
 five hundred and sixty varas at the Lagunita; and two 
 hundred and fifty varas of land opposite the town, toward 
 the southwest thereof, as will appear by the aforemen-
 
 174 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 tioned list; the general boundaries of this tract, being for 
 the benefit of the grantees and for common pasturage ; on 
 the north, the Ocate river; on the south to where the Sa- 
 pello empties; on the east the Aguage de la Yegua, and 
 on the west, the EstiUero, and as having taken possession 
 thereof quietly and peacefully, and without opposition 
 from any person whatsoever, the grantees, in token of joy, 
 pulled up weeds, threw stones, scattered handsfull of 
 earth, and performed other acts of possession, giving 
 thanks to Grod and to the Nation. 
 
 Manuel Antonio Sanchez 
 Instrumental: Teodocio Quintana. 
 
 Nestor Armijo. 
 Attending witnesses: Albino Chacon. 
 
 Rafael Paez. 
 
 The original settlers as appears in this instrument were 
 as follows: 
 
 Yalle de Santa Gertrudis: 
 
 Jose Tapia, 100 varas; Carmen Arce, 150 varas; Juan 
 Lorenzo Aliso, 200 varas; Juan Antonio Garcia, 150 va- 
 ras; Carlos Nieto, 200 varas; Mateo Ringinel, 200 varas; 
 Manuel Suhazo, 100 varas; Geronimo Martin, 100 varas; 
 Francisco Sandoval, 100 varas ; Francisco Lore, 100 varas ; 
 Francisco Conen, 200 varas; Jose Mestas, 100 varas; Ra- 
 mon Archuleta, 100 varas; Antonio Aban Trujillo, 100 
 varas; Juan de Jesus Cruz, 100 varas; Maria Dolores Ro- 
 mero, 200 varas ; Faustin Mestas, 100 varas ; Maria Do- 
 lores Sanches, 200 varas ; Jose Miguel Pacheco, 100 varas ; 
 Yldefonzo Pacheco, 100 varas; Manuel Sanches, 100 va- 
 ras; Juan Trujillo, 200 varas; Felipe Carbajal, 100 va- 
 ras; Jose Maria Garcia, 100 varas; Miguel Garcia, 100 
 varas ; Gabriel Lu jan, 100 varas ; Manuel Arguello, 100 
 varas ; Ygnacio Gonzales, 200 varas ; Jose Guadalupe Or- 
 tega, 100 varas, Felipe Arguello, 100 varas; Manel Gre- 
 gorio Martin, 100 varas ; Juan Cristobal Trujillo, 100 va- 
 ras ; north bank looking toward Tulquillo, measured from 
 east to west: Tomas Encaraacion Garcia, 150 varas; Car- 
 los Salazar, 150 varas ; Francisco Arguello, 100 varas ; 
 Francisco Sena, 100 varas; Jose Ygnacio Madrid, 100 va- 
 ras; Miguel Paez, 100 varas; Miguel Mascarenas, 200 
 varas ; Cecilio Montano, 50 varas ; Cruz Medina, 100 va- 
 ras ; Bernardo Martin, 100 varas ; Miguel Arguello, 150 
 varas; Ramon Amado, 150 varas; Pedro Aragon, 150 va- 
 ras; Estevan Valdez, 100 varas.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 175 
 
 Valle de San Antonio: ''Banda del Sur medida de 
 Oriente a Poniente:'^ 
 
 Manuel Sanchez, 100 varas; Juan Ygnacio Sanches, 100 
 varas; Francisco Sarracino, 100 varas; Albino Chacon, 
 100 varas; Damacio Chacon, 100 varas; Teodocio Quin- 
 tana, 100 varas; Jose Garcia, 100 varas; Rafael Paez, 100 
 varas; Nepomuceno Gurule, 100 varas; Jose Vigil, 100 
 varas; Nestor Armijo, 300 varas; Andres Ornelas, 100 
 varas; Mateo Montoya, 100 varas; Juan de la Cruz Tru- 
 jillo, 100 varas; Juan de Jesus Lujan, 100 varas; Fran- 
 cisco Trujillo, 100 varas ; Andres Trujillo, 100 varas ; 
 Juan Andres Archuleta, 100 varas; Ramon Abreu, 100 
 varas ; Jesus Maria Alarid, 100 varas ; Vincente Sanches, 
 100 varas; Mateo Sandoval, 100 varas; Juan Lopez, 100 
 varas; Pedro Chacon, 100 varas; Miguel Antonio Mas- 
 carenas, 100 varas; Antonio Arguello, 100 varas. 
 Lagunita de San Antonio, medida de Oriente a Poniente 
 
 Jose Silva, 280 varas; Juan Jose Vigil, 280 varas. 
 F rente a la Plaza de San Antonio punto al Serrito que 
 divide a la Lagunita : 
 
 Miguel Olguin, 250 varas. 
 
 633 FELIPE MONTOYA. 
 
 Grant. Valles de Santa Getrudis de lo de Mora. 1844. 
 Under law of April 30, 1844. Articles 13-15. Tomas 
 Ortiz, Alcalde; Mauricio Duran; Miguel Antonio Lobato. 
 
 634 MARGARITA MARTINEZ vs. Miguel Bena\ides. 
 Real de San Francisco del Tuerto. 1845. Mining suit. 
 
 Testimonio. Jose Baca, Alcalde. 
 
 635 ASAMBLEA DEPARTAMENTAL de NUEVO MEX- 
 ICO. 1845. 
 
 Relating to Grant called Manuelita. Felipe Sena. Tomas 
 Ortiz, Secretary. 
 
 636 CHAFFIE MARTINET. Santa Fe. 1846. 
 
 Mining suit. Trinidad Barcelo, Alcalde. Benito Antonio 
 Larragoite ; Jorge Ramirez ; Antonio Apodaca ; Jose Mig- 
 uel Romero, Alcalde ; Diego Sisneros. 
 
 637 JUAN JOSE MONTOYA and seven others. 
 
 Petition for lands. Las Vegas. 1846. Juan de Dies 
 Maese, Alcalde. No final action.
 
 176 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 638 XPTOBAL NIETO. Santa Fe, 1700. 
 
 Re-validation of his grant. Testimmiio. Certified by An- 
 tonio de Aguilera Isasi, Alcalde. 
 
 639 JOSEF MANUEL GILTOMEY to Simon Nieto. Santa 
 
 Fe, 1707. 
 
 Land in Santa Fe. Antonio Montoya, Alcalde. Xptobal 
 de Gongora. 
 
 640 SEBASTIAN de VARGAS to Maria de Naba. Santa 
 
 Fe, 1710. 
 
 Land. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. Xptobal de Gon- 
 gora. 
 
 641 JOSEF FRESQUI and Maria de Herrera, his wife, to 
 Tomas Nuiies. Santa Cruz de la Canada. 1716. 
 
 Land. Juan Garcia de la Rivas, Alcalde. Juan Manuel 
 Chirinos. 
 
 642 SIMON NIETO to Juan Garcia de Noriega. Santa Fe. 
 
 1728. 
 
 Land. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. Juan Manuel 
 Chirinos. 
 
 643 QUESTION OF LANDS. 1752. 
 
 Tomas Velez Cachupin, Governor ; Nicolas Ortiz ; Tomas 
 de Alvear; Francisco Sisneros. 
 
 Dispute between Jose Antonio Naranjo and Diego Tor- 
 res in regard to the amount which the former paid to the 
 latter for a house, which Naranjo on complaint of the 
 Indians of San Juan, had been ordered to give up by 
 Governor Velez Cachupin. 
 
 It seems that the house in question was on lands of the 
 Indians of San Juan ; that Torres sold it to Naranjo ; 
 that the Indians made some complaint about it, the na- 
 ture of which does not appear ; that Governor Velez ordered 
 Naranjo to get out of the house ; that he obeyed the order 
 in the month of March, 1753, and a few months later 
 asked the governor to compel Torres to return to him the 
 fifty pesos he had paid for the house ; that Torres made a 
 statement before the governor to the effect that the price 
 was only 10 or 12 pesos; which was paid in 5 or 6 goats; 
 that Naranjo produced two witnesses whose testimony 
 was conflicting ; that the governor, in view of the conflict- 
 ing testimony and the slight importance of the case, or-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 177 
 
 dered Torres to return to Naranjo the five or six goats, 
 and he further imposed perpetual silence upon both par- 
 ties, under penalty of a fine in case either should again 
 bring the matter up. 
 
 There is nothing in the document to show the location 
 of the house with respect to the pueblo of San Juan. 
 
 644 FRANCISCO NIETO to Jacinto Perea. Santa Fe. 
 1765. 
 
 One-half of the land in the Puehlo Quemado purchased of 
 Andres Montoya, of Cieneguilla. Francisco Guerrero, 
 Alcalde. Antonio Guerrero. 
 
 645 SETTLERS of SAN GABRIEL de LAS NUTRIAS. 
 177L 
 
 Abandonment of the settlement. Don Pedro Fermin de 
 Mendinueta, Governor. Antonio Moreto. 
 
 646 FRANCISCO TREBOL NAVARRO. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe. 1785. Jose Maldonado. Cleto Miera. 
 Reference is made to the military chapel Capilla Cas- 
 trense at Santa Fe ; also mentions the alferez, Don Alberto 
 Mainez, later a governor of New ]\[exico ; also to Don 
 Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta, former governor of the 
 Province, as residing at Elizmido, in the Valley of Bastas, 
 Province of Navarre. 
 
 647 NICOLAS ORTIZ NINO LADRON DE GUEBARA. 
 Santa Fe. 1742. 
 
 Will. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Antonio Ulibarri. 
 
 There were many valiant cavaliers accompanying the 
 conquistador, Captain-General Diego de Vargas Zapata 
 Lujan Ponce de Leon, to the kingdom of New Mexico in 
 the year 1693, not the least of whom was Captain Nicolas 
 Ortiz Niiio Ladron de Guevara. He was a most adventur- 
 ous spirit, whom a restless love of enterprise induced to 
 join the expedition under the great Spanish captain. 
 
 An ancestor of Don Nicolas Ortiz Niiio Ladron de Gue- 
 varra had won the favor of the king by capturing from 
 the Moors the city of Guevara, by which exploit he se- 
 cured from his royal master the addition to his name 
 "Niiio Ladron de Guevara." 
 
 When the expedition under de Vargas left El Paso, 
 having in view the reconquest of New Mexico, Captain 
 Nicolas Ortiz Niiio Ladron de Guevara accompanied it
 
 178 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 along with his family. His wife was Maria Anna Garcia 
 Coronado ; the oldest son bore the same name as the 
 father. This son married Dona Juana Baca, and of the 
 marriage there were three children, Nicolas Ortiz Niiio 
 Ladron Guevara, third, Francisco and Toribio Ortiz 
 Nifio Ladron de Guevara. The eldest married Doiia 
 Gertrudis Paez Hurtado, of which marriage there were 
 two children, Juan Antonio and Antonio Jose. The last 
 named married Dona Rosa de Bustamante, the daughter 
 of Don Pedro de Bustamante, governor of the Province 
 of New Mexico, of which union there were five children, 
 among them a daughter, Ana Gertrudis Ortiz Nino La- 
 dron de Guevara, who became the wife of Juan Domingo 
 Baca. There were twelve children of this marriage, one 
 of whom. Ana Maria, married Pedro Bautista Pino in the 
 latter part of the eighteenth century. 
 
 648 FRANCISCO ORTIZ NINO LADRON de GUEBARA. 
 Santa Fe. 1749. 
 
 Will. Antonio de Ulibarri, Alcalde. Sebastian de Apo- 
 daca. 
 
 649 BARTOLOME OLGUIN and Others. 1751. 
 
 Petition for lands near the pueblo of the Picunes. Not 
 granted. Tomas Velez Cachupin, governor. Manuel Sa- 
 enz de Garvisu, Secretary. 
 
 650 TOWN OF OJO CALIENTE. Re-settlement. 1753. 
 
 Bernardo de Bustamante y Tagle, Alcalde. Pablo Fran- 
 cisco de Villapando ; Bias Martin Serrano. 
 Re-settlement of Ojo Caliente. 
 
 651 ANTONIO de ORTEGA to Tomas de Ortega. Santa 
 
 Fe. 1758. 
 
 Land. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Carlos Joseph Perez 
 Mirabal. 
 
 652 TORIBIO ORTIZ and MIGUEL de ALIRE. Santa Fe. 
 
 1758. 
 
 Petition. Rancho in La Cienega. Asking that it be par- 
 titioned among the heirs under the will of Miguel de la 
 Vega y Coca. Proceedings, etc. Testimonio. Certified by 
 Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 Nicolas Ortiz to Manuel Gallegos. Santa Fe. 1758. His 
 share in said rancho in La Cienega.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 179 
 
 Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Manuel Bernardo Gar- 
 visu. 
 
 653 ANTONIO XIRON to Tomas de Ortega. Santa Fe. 
 1767. 
 
 Land. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Nicolas Ortiz. 
 
 654 MANUEL OLGUIN. Will. 
 
 Inventory and partition of his estate. Santa Fe. 1767. 
 Vicente de Sena, Alcalde. Joseph Garcia Jurado; Fran- 
 cisco Lobera ; Eugenio Perea, 
 
 655 TOWN OF OJO CALIENTE. 
 
 Re-settlement. 1768-1769. Manuel Garcia Pareja, Al- 
 calde. Tomas Velez Cachupin, Governor. 
 
 The names of many settlers are given in this item. 
 
 The site of the ancient pueblos near the Ojo Caliente 
 was re-settled during the rule of Governor Tomas Velez 
 Cachupin. There were fifty-three families and the bound- 
 aries of the tract as granted were "from the Caiiada de 
 Los Cumanches to the tower (Torreon) of Jose Baca, de- 
 ceased, with a small difference just below, its boundaries 
 being on the north the Canada de Los Comanches; on the 
 south a landmark which I ordered to be constructed of 
 stone and mortar with a holy cross of cedar placed in the 
 center, just below the said tower of Jose Baca; on the east 
 the foot of the hill ; and on the West the foot of the other 
 hills on the opposite side of the river. The leaders of this 
 settlement were the sergeant Luis Duran and the district 
 lieutenant, Gregorio Martin. 
 
 A torreon (tower) was a sort of fortification used for 
 purposes of defense and look-out against the hostile In- 
 dians. 
 
 656 TOWN OF OJO CALIENTE. 
 
 Re-settlement. 1769. Don Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta, 
 Governor. Names of many of the settlers are given. 
 
 657 LUCIA ORTEGA vs. Roque Lobato. Santa Fe. 1769. 
 
 Question of lands. Don Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta, 
 Governor. 
 
 658 ANTONIO de JESUS LUCERO to Francisco Ortega. 
 
 Santa Fe, 1776. 
 
 Land. Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. Simon de Ar- 
 menta.
 
 180 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 659 ANTONIO ORTEGA. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe. 1781. Jose Maldonado, Alferez. Juan 
 de Abrego. 
 
 660 FRANCISCO de ORTEGA. 
 
 Will. Sania Fe. 1782. Manuel de la Azuela, Captain. 
 Salvador Tenorio. 
 
 661 ANTONIO ORTEGA. 
 
 Will. Inventory and partition of his estate. Santa Fe. 
 1785. Jose Maldonado, Teniente. Juan Bautista de Anza, 
 Governor. Jose Miguel Maldonado ; Jose Andres Calles. 
 
 662 JOSEFA BUSTAMANTE to Antonio Josef Ortiz. 
 Santa Fe, 1784. 
 
 House and land. Juan Bautista de Anza, Governor. An- 
 tonio Jose Ortiz ; Francisco Perez Serrano ; Bernardo de 
 Miera y Paeheco. 
 
 663 BARTOLOMS: FERNANDEZ to Miguel Ortiz. 1785. 
 
 Land in the Majada Tract. Jose Maldonado, Teniente. 
 Jose Miguel Maldonado. La Majada Claim, q. v. 
 
 664 TOWN OF OJO CALIENTE. 
 
 Grant. 1793. Reported Claim No. 77, q. v. 
 
 665 CARMEN PEREA, deceased, by her administrator, 
 Manuel Delgado, to Jose Maria Vivian de Ortega. Santa 
 Fe, 1804. 
 
 Land. Jose Maria Vivian de Ortega to Maria Feliciana 
 Padilla, Santa Fe, 1805. Conveyance of the above land. 
 
 666 FELICIANA PAULA ORTIZ y BUSTAMANTE. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe. 1815. Matias Ortiz, Alcalde. Jose 
 Campo Redondo. Cristobal Maria Lariiiaga, Secretary. 
 
 667 MATIAS ORTIZ. Pojoaque. No date. 
 
 Complaint against Tomas Sena, Alcalde. 
 
 668 INDIANS OF LAGUNA vs. Joaquin Pino. 
 
 Protest against his occupation of land in the Rillito (Ri- 
 yito) Tract. 1815. Joseph Vicente Ortiz, Alcalde. Pedro 
 Maria de Allande, Governor. 
 
 The various grounds on which the protest was based 
 are unimportant in view of the fact that Governor Pedro 
 Maria de Allande, on October 16, 1816, after a hearing at
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 181 
 
 which the alcalde, twelve Indians from Laguna, and Don 
 Joaquin Pino were present, decided in favor of Pino. 
 
 Certain services required, free of charge of the Pueblo 
 Indians are recited in the following statement, which is 
 preserved here on that account. 
 
 "Don Jose Manuel Aragon, chief justice and war cap- 
 tain of these pueblos of Acoma, Laguna, settlement of 
 Ceboletta, and its districts: 
 
 "In view of the resignation I have tendered of the 
 office I have held on this frontier for the period of over 
 twenty years, Jose Alarigua, governor of this Pueblo of 
 San Jose de la Laguna, and the chiefs thereof, together 
 with their interpreter, Antonio Herrera, appeared be- 
 fore me, asking me to leave them a statement of the gov- 
 ernment and orders given by the honorable governors of 
 this province, urgently requesting me to see if by this 
 means they could be relieved from the disorders and 
 grievances the pueblo formerly suffered in the changes of 
 justices and ministers, and providing against a recur- 
 rence of the same thing in the future ; and, in compliance 
 with this just demand, I have executed on this paper 
 this declaratory statement, saying as I do say, that being 
 present at the general visits made to this Pueblo by 
 Governors Don Fernando Chacon, Don Joaquin del Real 
 Alencaster, Don Alberto Maynes, and Don Jose Man- 
 rique, authorizing these Indians to extend their fields be- 
 yond the league granted to them by the King as far as 
 they could plant, for the actual support and maintenance 
 of their families. The pueblo being situated in such a 
 locality as not to afford them a sufficient quantity of ar- 
 able land within the league allowed by the King, and this 
 pueblo having formerly suffered this scarcity of land for 
 cultivation when this province was governed by Don 
 Tomas Velez Cachupin, these Indians purchased the 
 Rancho called Pagnati, situated to the north and adjoin- 
 ing the site of Cebolleta, distant three leagues from this 
 pueblo. This rancho was formerly granted to Pascual 
 PajaritO; Vicente Pajarito, Antonio Paguati, and Miguel 
 Magnino, and having possessed it for thirty years, they 
 sold it to the Pueblo ; and certain citizens having peti- 
 tioned and asked for permission to settle there they have 
 not been allowed to do so by the Superior Government, 
 as it was a purchase made by the Indians, who held a 
 deed authorized by the former alcalde of this pueblo, Don 
 Antonio Sedillo.
 
 182 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 "In regard to the land towards the east, they have 
 been allowed to plant on the rancho known as El Rito, 
 and therefore also the Canada de Los Gigantes to the Ojo 
 del Chamiso, together with the Rancho commonly called 
 San Juan, for pasture lands for their animals, the fron- 
 tier being so much exposed that they cannot risk them in 
 any other direction. On the west they have the site 
 known as Cubero, where they have fields under cultivation 
 and an acequia of their own, and they irrigate with the 
 same water that passes through this Pueblo ; and in the 
 same westerly direction, distant a mile from said Pueblo, 
 is the rancho called Santa Ana, where they hold lands 
 for cultivation in common, as far as the alcalde is con- 
 cerned, who is to reside in this pueblo, he is forbidden 
 by superior orders from availing himself of the labor of 
 the Indians for any purpose except by paying them the 
 just value of their labor; neither can he compel them to 
 serve on escorts for private individuals unless required 
 by the government to treat upon subjects connected with 
 the royal service. 
 
 "As far as the officiating minister (priest) is con- 
 cerned, he is placed upon the same terms as the alcalde, 
 without any authority to tax the pueblo or any Indian 
 with services excepting a sexton to ring the bell and the 
 feed of a horse, which is to be furnished by the pueblo in 
 case it should be necessary for him to hear confession. 
 
 ' ' This is the method established by the government for 
 the good administration of these Pueblos, and having no 
 private malice to accomplish, and at the request of the 
 Indians of the Pueblo of Laguna, I leave this statement,, 
 which I signed on the 25th day of March, 1813. 
 
 "Manuel Aragon 
 "Santa Fe, August 28, 1826. 
 
 "Approved so far as this government is concerned and 
 legal and formal in its contents. Narbona. " 
 
 Colonel Narbona was governor at this time. 
 
 On the margin of the above instrument (grant) appear 
 the following notations : 
 
 "This document is to remain in the hands of Don Juan 
 Miguel Cacique and at his death in the hands of his two 
 daughters, Catarina and Josefa, who have the same right 
 and interest in the site together with Don Vincente Ro- 
 mero, included in the same interest. [Rubric] 
 
 "The site of Cubero, mentioned in this document, and 
 the water running through it, is the only water these In-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 183 
 
 dians have the use of, as this proceeds from the Ojo del 
 Gallo; therefore if the said spring is settled upon, these 
 poor Indians would perish, as it is the same water which 
 reaches to the pueblo and these Indians are entitled to 
 it, being old settlers in good faith for more than one 
 hundred years. [Rubric] 
 
 "In this year one thousand eight hundred and twenty, 
 Don Ignacio Sanchez Vergara, Protector General of the 
 Indians, of this Province of New Mexico, executed a docu- 
 ment alike to the instrument authorized by Don Antonio 
 Sedillo, in the year one thousand seven hundred and 
 sixty-nine; and for not stating three boundaries which 
 said Protector did not mention in his document, the 
 parties mentioned in said document requested me to 
 make a copy thereof, stating the boundaries to which the 
 rancho of Paguati is entitled, which document is of the 
 tenor following : 
 
 ' ' For this Pueblo of Jemes, on the first day of June, in 
 the year one thousand eight hundred and twenty, a docu- 
 ment authorized by the former alcalde of the pueblo of 
 Laguna was presented to me by Lorenzo and Alonzo, 
 Santiago, Alonzo, segundo, Toribio and Rita, native In- 
 dians of said pueblo, requesting me to take charge of the 
 interests they represented in the rancho called Paguati; 
 and having registered it, I find that Don Antonio Se- 
 dillo, the said alcalde at that time, took cognizance of a 
 suit brought by Juan Paguati and Pascual Pajarito, both 
 residents of said pueblo, and it was ordered that each one 
 should quietly remain upon his own property, without 
 disturbing the other. 
 
 "Such being the case, and as Protector of the Indians 
 for the Royal Audience of Guadalajara, to whom alone it 
 is proper for the Indians to refer matters of a common 
 or private nature, if they are in any way aggrieved, or 
 if they have not a sufficient amount of land with that the 
 law allows them, or that they may have legally acquired, 
 and by virtue of the ancient possession of said lands to 
 which the said natives refer, called the rancho of Paguati, 
 acquired by a legal title, and that the new settlement of 
 Cebolleta, granted by Governor Don Fernando Chacon to 
 certain citizens, and possession given by the alcalde, Don 
 Jose Manuel Aragon, with the formalities required by 
 the laws of possession and settlement, the boundaries hav- 
 ing been marked out. 
 
 "The aforesaid rancho and its boundaries in the diree-
 
 184 THE SPANISH AKCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 tion of Cebolleta remained free with its ancient appurte- 
 nances as far as the table land of El Gabilan, to the south 
 of La Cuesta, on the west to the Rito del San Jose, and 
 on the east to the Canoncito del Cajo. 
 
 ' ' The new settlers of Cebolleta were satisfied with their 
 boundaries at the table land of El Gabilan, adjoining the 
 holders in good faith. 
 
 "The want of land by these Indians is to be taken into 
 consideration, and that the tract of Paguati is the only- 
 one that in a measure aids them with the scant produce 
 in their misery; and although at the commencement they 
 had more land extending as far as El Rito, they were re- 
 stricted by Don Joaquin Pino to a tract of waste land, he 
 having deprived them of the said land by virtue of a 
 right to it held by his late father, whom he represents, 
 but which land had been abandoned for more than thirty 
 years. Nevertheless, his title was recognized, and they are 
 so much reduced that the only aid they receive is from 
 Paguati, where the principal owners cultivate the soil in 
 common Avith the pueblo, and those who have no lands to 
 cultivate for their support are in a measure relieved. 
 
 "All of which has been well premeditated and consid- 
 ered, and will be shown whenever an effort is made to in- 
 jure them by depriving them of the ancient possession of 
 Paguati. There is no doubt that, presenting themselves 
 in person or through their protector to the Superior Au- 
 dience, they will be allowed to remain in peace, in the 
 enjoyment of what is unquestionably theirs. 
 
 "In testimony whereof, and in compliance with the 
 duties so repeatedly enjoined upon me by the royal laws 
 of the Recopilacion of the Indies, I executed this docu- 
 ment for their protection, as Protector of the Indians, 
 who are so highly recommended to me by the attorney, 
 protector-general of the Indians, and for its due authen- 
 ticity, I signed on this said day, month and year. 
 
 "I signed this as a witness to the truth of the state- 
 ment made by the Protector. Eusebio Aragon 
 
 "This document is approved, etc. Narbona" 
 
 Laguna Pueblo Tracts called the Laguna Purchases, 
 Reported No. 30; File No. 68. 
 
 This covers five ranches called Paguate, El Rito, 6i- 
 gante, San Juan and Santa Ana, all near the pueblo of 
 Laguna. The claim was confirmed by Congress, June 21, 
 1860. It was patented September 22, 1884.
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 185 
 
 Some Navajos wanted to leave Encinal, San Jose, and 
 Cubero, where they had lands planted, to go to '^Chelli" 
 to join their companions for fear of the Cumanches. They 
 asked the governor (Allande) to give them a paper which 
 would prohibit the Spaniards from taking their lands 
 while they were absent and to notify them at Laguna in 
 the event he heard of the Cumanches coming into the 
 country, so that they would receive word from Laguna 
 in time to make their escape. 
 
 669 IGNACIO OETIZ. Santa Fe, 1824. 
 
 Petition for lands between the pueblos of Santo Domingo 
 and San Felipe. Referred to Provincial Deputation. Bar- 
 tolome Baca, Jefe Politico. 
 
 670 JOSfil IGNACIO ORTIZ. Santa Fe. 1824. 
 
 Grant. Small piece of land. Possession by Santiago 
 Abreu, Alcalde. Bartolome Baca, Jefe Politico. Ramon 
 Abreu, Secretary. 
 
 671 ANDRES ORTEGA. Alburquerque. 
 
 Petition for lands. 1825. Referred to the Provincial 
 Deputation. Bartolome Baca, Jefe Politico. 
 
 672 JUAN RAFAEL ORTIZ. Sa7ita Fe. 
 
 Petition for land in Santa Fe. 1831. Refused by Terri- 
 torial Deputation. Abreu, Secretary Territorial Deputa- 
 tion. Pablo Montoya, Ayuntamiento. Domingo Fernan- 
 dez, Ayuntamiento. Teodosio Quintana, Secretary pro 
 tern of Ayuntamiento. 
 
 673 JUAN RAFAEL ORTIZ. Petition. Santa Fe, 1833. 
 
 Same as No. 672. No final action. Mateo Sandoval, Sin- 
 dico. 
 
 674 JOSE FRANCISCO ORTIZ and Ignacio Cano. 1833. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 43, q. v. Ortiz ]\Iine Grant. 
 
 In 1833 about 69,458 acres in Santa Fe county, N. M., 
 were granted to Jose Francisco Ortiz and Ignacio Cano. 
 This property was known as the Ortiz Mine Grant. It 
 conflicts with the grant known as the Mesita de Juana 
 Lopez, upon which latter are located the coal mines in 
 the vicinity of Madrid. In 1836, Ignacio Cano conveyed 
 to Ortiz all his interest in the grant. Ortiz died in 1848, 
 leaving the property to his widow, Maria Inez Montoya, 
 who, in 1853, conveyed the property to John Greiner. In
 
 186 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 1854, August 19, Greiner sold the property to Charles E. 
 Sherman and associates, who in turn disposed of it to the 
 New Mexico Mining Company. This grant w^as confirmed 
 by Congress in 1861. Upon this property are situate val- 
 uable gold mining properties. 
 
 675 SANTA FE. AYUNTAMIENTO. 
 
 Two pages of the proceedings, 1836. Names of members : 
 Agustin Duran ; Felipe Sena ; Jose Maria Alarid ; Antonio 
 Maria Ortiz; Caspar Brito; Antonio Sena; Jose Fran- 
 cisco Baca y Ternis ; Jesus Romero ; Domingo Fernandez, 
 Secretary. 
 
 676 JUAN OTERO. 
 
 Grant. 1845. Reported Claim No. 106, q. v. 
 
 677 ANTONIO JOSE DE OTERO. 1846. Grant. ''Ojode 
 la Cahra.''^ 
 
 Letter of Miguel Altamirano of the Superior Tribunal de 
 Justicia del Departame7ito de Chihuahua. Archive No. 
 676 and Reported Claim No. 106, q. v. 
 
 This claim was rejected by the court of private land 
 claims. 
 
 Proceedings in the matter of the Ojo de la Cabra ranch 
 claimed by Antonio Jose de Otero, of which ranch he 
 claimed he had been unjustly dispossessed. It appears 
 that the matter had reached the superior tribunal of 
 justice of the department of Chihuahua, and that tri- 
 bunal wrote to the governor of New Mexico inquiring 
 whether the general laws of February 28 and March 2, 
 1843, in regard to superior tribunals, were in force in 
 his department, and whether in compliance with articles 
 2 and 25 thereof the tribunal of second instance had been 
 created, or the Assembly (asarablea) in exercise of its 
 constitutional powers had created the tribunal in some 
 other manner which it considered better. 
 
 On April 16, 1846, Governor Manuel Armijo wrote to 
 the president of the Assembly, requesting him to lay the 
 matter before that body for its official action. 
 
 There is nothing in this archive to show that the As- 
 sembly took any action on the matter. 
 
 The Ojo de la Cabra is situated within the boundaries 
 of the grant to the pueblo of Isleta, at a distance of about 
 10 or 11 miles east of the Rio Grande. 
 
 A claim covering this tract was filed with the surveyor-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 187 
 
 general on January 29, 1875, under the Act of July 22, 
 1854, but the claim was never acted upon by Congress. 
 
 After the creation of the U. S. court of private land 
 claims, a petition was filed therein, on March 2, 1893, ask- 
 ing the confirmation of the grant, but it was rejected on 
 November 30, 1896. An appeal was taken to the supreme 
 court of the United States, and that court, on January 
 18, 1899, dismissed the appeal. 
 
 678 SEBASTIAN de SALAS to Tomas de Herrera. Santa 
 
 Fe, 1703. 
 
 Lands in Santa Cruz. Antonio de Montoya, Alcalde. 
 
 Xptobal de Montoya. 
 Tomas de Palomino to Thomas de Herrera. Villa 
 
 Nueva de Santa Cruz. 1700. 
 
 Land. Roque Madrid, Alcalde. Miguel Ladron de Gue- 
 
 barra. 
 Juan de Paz Bustillos to Tomas de Herrera. Santa 
 
 Fe. 
 
 Antonio Aguileka Isasi, alcalde. 
 
 Land in Santa Cruz. Confirmation of the three foregoing 
 conveyances by Juan de Ulibarri, Juez Visitador. Villa 
 Nueva de Santa Cruz, 1709. 
 
 679 SEBASTIAN de MONDRAGON to Silvestre Pacheco. 
 Santa Fe. 1708. 
 
 Land. Juan Garcia de la Rivas, Alcalde. Francisco 
 Lorenzo de Casado. 
 
 Silvestre Pacheco to Nicolas Ortiz. Santa Fe, 1708. 
 The above property. Juan Garcia de la Rivas, Alcalde. 
 
 680 MARIA DE PEREA. Santa Fe. 1715. 
 
 Will. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. 
 
 This refers to the parish church of Santa Fe. 
 
 681 DIEGO DE PADILLA. Grant. 1718. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 146. El Tajo Grant, q. v. 
 
 This claim was filed in the court of private land claims, 
 confirmed and surveyed for nearly 52,000 acres. It lies 
 east of the Rio Grande and the northern boundary is that 
 of the south boundarj^ of the grant to the Isleta pueblo. 
 It was always supposed that this property belonged to 
 the Indians of Isleta, but it has recently been ascertained
 
 188 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 that numbers of persons living within its boundaries have 
 rights by purchase from the Indians many years ago. The 
 original grantee was Diego Padilla, whose heirs sold to 
 the Indians of Isleta about the middle of the eighteenth 
 century. It was patented April 9, 1908. See archive 
 684. 
 
 682 JOSEPHA SEDANO to Juan de la Mora Pineda. 
 
 Santa Fe, 1722. 
 
 House and land. Francisco Bueno de Bohorques y Cor- 
 cuera, Alcalde. 
 
 Refers to the ''Rio Grande de dicha Villa" and to the 
 "Rio Chiquito de dha Villa," Santa Fe. 
 
 683 ANTONIO BERNAL of La Canada to Antonio Pache- 
 co. 1729. 
 
 Land in Santa Fe. Miguel Joseph de la Vega, Alcalde. 
 
 684 DIEGO DE PADILLA vs. Indians of Isleta. 1733. 
 
 Question of pasturage. Gervasio Cruzat y Gongora, Gov- 
 ernor. Juan Gonzales Bas, Alcalde. 
 
 Dispute between Diego de Padilla and the Indians of 
 Isleta in regard to the former's flocks trespassing on the 
 planting lands of the latter, and also in regard to the 
 destruction of poles, forming a corral belonging to Padilla 
 by the said Indians. Year 1733. 
 
 The decision, by Governor Cruzat y Gongora, was fa- 
 vorable to the Indians. 
 
 685 DIEGO PADILLA. Will. 
 
 Inventory and partition of his estate. Alburquerque. 
 1736. Enrique de Olavide y Michelena, Governor, Pedro 
 Joseph de Leon ; Bernardo de Bustamante. 
 
 686 JUAN PACHECO vs. ANTONIO MARTIN. 
 
 Question of inheritance of his wife, Santa Cruz, 1736. 
 Juan Estevan Garcia de Noriega, Alcalde. Joseph Garcia 
 de Noriega ; Juan Felipe Rivera. Gervasio Cruzat y Gon- 
 gora, Governor. 
 
 687 JUAN JOSEPH PACHECO vs. Sebastian Martin. 
 
 Question of right to build on certain land. Santa Cruz 
 de la Canada. Juan Estevan Garcia de Noriega, Alcalde. 
 Tomas Veles Cachupin, Governor. Francisco Valdes y 
 Bustos.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 189 
 
 688 NUESTRA SENORA de la LUZ SAN FERNANDO y 
 SAN BLAS. 
 
 Grant on Rio Puerco to twelve families of Alburquerque. 
 1753-1759. The names of these twelve families are given 
 in the grant. See conditions imposed as to pasturage in 
 common. Tomas Veles Cachupin, Governor. Antonio 
 Baca, Alcalde. Antonio Marin del Valle. Phelipe Ta- 
 foya, Procurador. 
 
 689 JUAN ANTONIO de ARCHULETA to Marcos Pache- 
 CO. Santa Fe, 1755. 
 
 Land on the other side of the Santa Fe river. Francisco 
 Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 690 SEBASTIAN MARTIN to Heirs of Juan Pacheco. 
 
 Nuestra SeTiora de la Soledad del Rio Arriba. 1763. 
 
 House and lot, etc. Carlos Fernandez, Alcalde. Pablo 
 Francisco de Villapando. 
 
 691 TOWN OF EL PASO del RIO del NORTE and Town 
 of San Lorenzo. 
 
 Question as to right to use timber, etc. 1765. Pedro de 
 la Puente, Justicia Mayor de El Paso. Juan Antonio 
 Calderon; Tomas Veles Cachupin, Governor; Lorenzo 
 Antonio Quaron; Carlos Fernandez. 
 
 692 SAN FERNANDO del RIO PUERCO. 1767. 
 
 Complaint of raids of Apaches. Don Pedro Fermin de 
 Mendinueta, Governor. Bartolome Fernandez. 
 
 693 JUAN ANTONIO de ARCHULETA to Francisco Pa- 
 dilla. Santa Fe, 1767. 
 
 Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 694 TOWN OF ATRISCO, 1768. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 145, q. v. 
 
 695 FRANCISCO PADILLA. Isleta. 1768. 
 
 Relating to the sale of one-seventh of the Diego Padilla 
 Grant to Clemente Gutierrez. Don Pedro Fermin de 
 Mendinueta, Governor, Francisco Trebol Navarro, Al- 
 calde.
 
 190 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 696 JOSEPH PACHECO, Santa Fe, 1771, vs. Juan de Al- 
 
 ari. 
 
 Question of boundaries. Don Pedro Fermin de Mendin- 
 ueta, Governor. Juan Antonio Alari. 
 
 697 EUGENIO PEREA, Bernalillo, vs. Roque Gallego, 
 
 1785. 
 
 Question of land. This is a very voluminous document — 
 about 75 pages. 
 
 698 JUAN PADILLA. 
 
 Petition and proceedings in the partition of estate of Se- 
 bastian Martin and Maria Lujan, deceased. 1772. Pedro 
 Fermin de Mendinueta, Governor. Salvador Garcia de 
 Noriega, Alcalde. Sebastian Martin Grant, reported, q. v. 
 
 The Sebastian Martin Land Grant was originally made 
 in 1711, by the governor and captain-general of New Mex- 
 ico, to Captain Sebastian Martin, one of the most prom- 
 inent men of his day; the grant embraced the valley of 
 the Rio Grande on both sides of the river from the bound- 
 ary of the grant to the pueblo of San Juan on the south 
 to the end of La Joya on the north and to the east as far 
 as Las Trampas. The settlements of Plaza del Alcalde, 
 Los Luceros, La Villita, and La Joya, are all within the 
 original grant. The grant contained over 40,000 acres. 
 The Indians of San Juan claim that Captain Sebastian 
 Martin gave them a piece of the land in the valley in pay- 
 ment for services in constructing the first great irrigation 
 ditch on the east side of the Rio Grande. 
 
 The documents in the Sebastian Martin Grant show 
 that, in 1703, the original grantee, in company with 
 others, registered a tract of land in what is now Rio Ar- 
 riba county, the original petition being lost. It seems 
 that Captain Martin, alone of those originally asking for 
 the tract, cultivated or remained upon any part of it. He 
 petitioned the Marques de la Penuela, asking that the 
 grant be made to him alone, as the others had forfeited 
 any right which they might otherwise have had. There 
 is no date to the petition, which is as follows: 
 
 ' ' Captain Sebastian Martin, resident of the jurisdiction 
 of the Villa de Santa Cruz, appears before the greatness 
 of your excellency with profound submission, and in the 
 most approved manner the law allows me, and states, that 
 whereas in the year 1703 Antonio Martin and myself reg-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 191 
 
 istered and denounced for both of us a vacant, unculti- 
 vated, and unoccupied tract of land in Rio Arriba [torn] 
 a short distance from the pueblo of San Juan [torn] 
 present year, which many years ago was registered by 
 Joseph Garcia Jurado, Sebastian de Vargas, and Sebas- 
 tian de Polonia, who never occupied it, for which reason 
 they lost all rights and title to it as His Majesty (whom 
 may God preserve) has ordered and directed in his royal 
 laws, which registration and denouncement was made by 
 us before the Marques de la Nava de Brazinas, governor 
 and captain-general of this kingdom, who by virtue there- 
 of was pleased to confer the grant upon us in the name 
 of His Majesty, declaring the first parties without any 
 right according to the royal laws, in order that they should 
 never lay any claim to said tract, and therefore royal pos- 
 session was given to me by the sergeant major, Juan de 
 Ullibari, by virtue of a commission given to him for that 
 purpose by General Don Francisco Cuervo y Valdes, which 
 I took quietly and peaceably without any opposition what- 
 ever; and myself, as well as five of my brothers, have re- 
 sided upon and possessed the same from that time. I 
 have broken up lands, opened a main ditch from the Rio 
 del Norte for irrigating the land, built a house wath four 
 rooms, and two strong towers for defense against the en- 
 emy in case of an invasion, being on the frontier ; and the 
 portion belonging to Antonio Zisneros was bought by me 
 at royal sale from Josefa Lujan, widow of the said An- 
 tonio Zisneros, which sale was effected and took place be- 
 fore the Captain Antonio Montoya, who at that time was 
 judge of first instance; and, whereas, all the said instru- 
 ments, deeds, and titles belonging to said tract and lands 
 have been lost and I have not been able to find them al- 
 though I have diligently sought for them, and although 
 the laws would protect me in holding them, being in pos- 
 session in good faith, in case I have not registered them, 
 however justice intervening, your excellency will be 
 pleased in view of what I have stated, to grant to me, in 
 the name of his Majesty, the said tract and arable land, 
 also for raising cattle and horses, with waters, pastures, 
 woodland, and watering places, in the manner in which 
 said royal possession was given to me, and to the boundary 
 signed and measured by Lieutenant-General Juan Paez 
 Hurtado, who ran the line from the said pueblo of San 
 Juan to where he ordered a cross to be placed as proof of
 
 192 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 a boundary, and the others up the river to the canon 
 which reaches to El Enibudo, and on the east to the river, 
 which leads from Chimayo to the Pueblo of Picuries, and 
 on the west to a table land on the other side of the Rio 
 del Norte; all of which was given to me in royal posses- 
 sion by the said sergeant-major as above stated. 
 
 "Sebastian Martin" 
 "In the capital city of this kingdom and province of 
 New Mexico, on the twenty-third day of the month of May, 
 in the year one thousand seven hundred and twelve, the 
 foregoing petition was presented before me, Admiral Don 
 Joseph Chacon Medina Salazar y Villaseiior, gentleman 
 of the Order of Santiago, Marques de la Penuela, gov- 
 ernor and captain-general of the said kingdom, its pro- 
 vinces, and Castellan of its forces and garrisons by His 
 Majesty, the contents whereof having been seen by me, I 
 consider it presented as the law requires; and in consid- 
 eration of its contents and the reasons upon which he 
 bases his petition, I confer upon him the new grant as he 
 has held, enjoyed, and possessed it, as appears by his pe- 
 tition, and of which I declare him to be the lawful owner, 
 notwithstanding any right which any of said citizens may 
 claim to said lands, who now, or hereafter shall be heard 
 in court or out of court; and I pray and enjoin upon my 
 successors to protect him in the rights he is so justly en- 
 titled to, as during the time of my government, I have 
 known him to be the lawful owner thereof, as is well 
 known, declaring, as I do declare, without any legal right, 
 any person who, with evil intentions, shall denounce said 
 land, or who shall enter suit against the petitioner for any 
 private end or any sinister motive, against the said Se- 
 bastian Martin ; and by virtue thereof I hereby revalidate 
 and confirm this grant, as he requests, in order that he 
 may enjoy the same for himself, his heirs and successors, 
 without injury to his person, declaring, as I do declare, 
 as null and void, any other instrument (with which an 
 adverse claim might be set up against him) the said Se- 
 bastian Martin having occupied the land as his Majesty 
 directs, and having remained there at the immediate risk 
 of losing his life by the hands of the common enemy, said 
 tract being situate on the frontier, where he has persisted 
 in remaining up to this day ; and I direct my secretary of 
 government and war, Sergeant Cristobal de Gongora, to
 
 '/^rr^?2C> 
 
 ^^TTa 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Don Domingo Jironza Petiiz de Cruzate, Governor and 
 
 Captain-General, 1683-6, 1689-91. 
 
 J^ C^r^aZ/oJ- <^ JuzS^ 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Don Joaqu'n Codallos y Eabal, 
 Governor and ('a])tain-General, 1744, 1749. 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of General Felix Martinez, Gov- 
 ernor and Captain-General, 1715-1717. 
 
 
 Facsimile of Signature («f Don Juan Ignacio Facsimile of Signature of Don Pedro Rod- 
 
 Flores Mogollon, Governor and Captain-Gen- riguez Cubero, Governor and Captain-General, 
 era], 1712-1715. 1697-1703.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 103 
 
 proceed to said tract of land and leave the said Sebastian 
 Martin in quiet and peaceable possession, assigning him 
 the boundaries he asks for. 
 
 • ••••«•• 
 
 "El Makques de la Penuela 
 "Before me: 
 
 "Xpttobal de Gongora, 
 
 ' ' Secretary of Government and War. ' ' 
 The original of this document is very much worn and 
 in places the writing is almost entirely obliterated. 
 
 It bears the seal of the governor's coat of arms. A 
 portion of this land M^as given to the town of Las Trampas 
 by the original grantee, Captain Martin. 
 
 699 JOSE DE LA PENA. Santo Domingo. No date. 
 
 Petition for lands between the pueblos of Santo Domingo 
 and San Felipe. No action. 
 
 700 HEIRS OF PINO vs. HEIRS of GUTIERRES. Chi- 
 huahua, 1909. 
 
 Letter of Francisco del Valle, of the Real Audiencia. 
 
 701 JOSE UVALDO PINO. 
 
 Petition. 1811. For lands in ^'El Sausal." Valencia 
 county. Manrique, Governor. Jose Antonio Chaves, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 702 JOSE ANTONIO PADILLA. 
 
 Petition, 1814. Sevillcta. Ejectment. Manrique, Gov- 
 ernor. Jose Antonio Chaves, Alcalde. 
 
 703 JUAN DE DIOS PENA, Francisco Ortiz and Juan Bau- 
 
 tista Aguilar. 
 
 Petition for lands on the Pecos. Santa Fe, 1814, Manrique 
 Governor. No final action. 
 
 "To the lieutenant colonel and acting governor, Juan 
 de Dios Pefia, a retired ensign of this royal garrison, for 
 himself and in the name of Don Francisco Ortiz, 2d, and 
 Don Juan de Aguilar, residents of this capital, appear be- 
 fore your excellency with the greatest attention and due 
 respect that by law is conferred, and saith : Sir, that hav- 
 ing large families and owners of some stock, and not 
 owning sufficient pasture ground for our animals, nor 
 sufficient tillable land for the very necessaiy maintenance 
 of ourselves and families, we have recorded a tract of
 
 194 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 land at this time, wild and unsettled, which is situate in 
 the vicinity of the Pecos Pueblo, to the west, beyond the 
 limits of the Pueblo, as is well known by the protector of 
 the Indians and the alcalde of that jurisdiction, both of 
 whom are aware that our petition is not in prejudice to a 
 third person nor to the Indians of that district, for which 
 reason we present this petition that if your excellency 
 may deem it proper, and being your pleasure, respectfully 
 ask that you will grant the same to us in the name of 
 H. M., (whom may God preserve,) (de S. M. Q. D. G.) 
 obligating ourselves to settle and cultivate the same with 
 the greatest possible exertions, and will keep arms, horses, 
 horse equipage, and all other necessaries for our pro- 
 tection and the defense of the country. Therefore we re- 
 spectfully ask and request your excellency to be pleased 
 to order to be done as we petition, that in so doing we 
 will receive the mercy and grace we petition for. 
 
 "Juan de Digs Pena 
 
 "Santa Fe, March 28, ISIS?' 
 
 "Santa Fe, March 27, 1815. 
 
 "Let the Protector of the Indians report. 
 
 "Maynes" 
 
 "In exact compliance to instructions from H. E., and 
 in view of the solicitude of the petitioners of the said tract 
 of land I answer : Sir that the said tract of land is 
 independent of the league and labor of the natives of that 
 pueblo, at regular distance and entirely separated from 
 the possession of said pueblo, nor is it in injury to a third 
 person. Your excellency can, therefore, accede and con- 
 cede the grant, it being your pleasure to do so, because 
 the wish of the king is that the desert tracts and places 
 shall be settled, permanent settlers having arras, horses, 
 horse equipage, and all other necessaries for their defense 
 as they promise to keep. In which view you may grant 
 their petition, or as you may please to determine which 
 will be best. Felipe Sandoval. 
 
 ' ' Santa Fe, March 28, 1815. ' ' 
 
 "The first alcalde of this capital will make a report of 
 what he knows of himself or by the reports of others re- 
 lative to their petition. Maynes" 
 
 "Santa Fe, March 28, 1815. 
 "To THE Governor of this Province: 
 
 In view of the protector's report, I would say: Sir, 
 that everything therein set forth is true, and your excel- 
 lency may determine as you may deem proper, for the
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 195 
 
 petition presented by the parties does not injure any 
 person. Matias Ortiz" 
 
 "Santa Fe, March 29, 1815. 
 
 "The first alcalde, Don Matias Ortiz, being acquainted 
 with the order of the establishment, will comply with the 
 petition, who will measure the pieces (suertes) of tillable 
 land, limiting the grants solely to the land they plough 
 and plant, with the obligation that they shall enclose the 
 same to prevent the recovery of damages, because the 
 ground must be common and public pastures for the In- 
 dians and citizens that have a right therein. 
 
 "Maynes" 
 "Santa Fe, June 30, 1815. 
 
 "In due compliance with the decree of the governor of 
 this province, Don Alberto ^laynes, under date of the 29th 
 of March, one thousand eight hundred and fifteen, I, Don 
 Matias Ortiz, first alcalde of the town of Santa Fe and 
 its jurisdiction, proceeded to put in possession Don Juan 
 de Dios Pena, retired ensign, as principal petitioner of 
 this grant, and, at the same time, Don Francisco Ortiz 
 and Don Juan de Aguilar, as companions of said ensign ; 
 and, having arrived at the Pueblo of Pecos, I measured 
 the league commencing at the cross of the cemetery up 
 the river and having measured the entire league of the 
 Indians on the residue, I took Juan de Dios by the hand, 
 and at the same time his companions as partners in the 
 said possession, and conducted them over the ground, 
 placing them in legal possession, together with other in- 
 dividuals who entered in the same possession ; whereupon 
 I delivered the same to them in the name of his Majesty, 
 (whom may God preserve) ; they pulled up grass, threw 
 stones, and cried out, saying long live the King of Spain, 
 my lord, Don Fernando Seventh, by the grace of God ; I 
 then proceeded to deliver to each individual the pieces 
 (suertes )of land that he was entitled to, giving them to 
 understand that this grant protected them in the posses- 
 sion of the (suertes) land that I had delivered to them, 
 as also to lots for houses and building pens on, and that 
 the other land should remain common pasture ground and 
 watering places ; whereupon they received possession 
 without any opposition. I directed them at the same time 
 that their houses should be built close together for their 
 own defense ; that they should enclose their fields, in order 
 not to claim damages; and, also, that they must cultivate
 
 196 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 their lands for the term of five years, in order to acquire 
 a good title thereto, and be able to sell the same to any- 
 other person ; and, further, that any person who should 
 abandon the land and not cultivate the same for one year, 
 the land should be taken from him and given to another ; 
 and therefore thus I approved, ordered, and signed, with 
 the witness in my presence, with whom I acted in the ab- 
 sence of a royal notary public, there being none of any 
 class in this government : to all of which I hereby certify. 
 
 "Matias Ortiz 
 ' ' Witnesses : 
 
 "Jose Silva 
 
 ' ' Ygnacio Ortiz. ' ' 
 
 704 JOSE MARTIN PADILLA. Santa Fe, no date. 
 
 Inventory of his property, etc. No. 705, q. v. 
 
 705 JOSE MARTIN PADILLA, Santa Fe, 1818. 
 
 Inventory of his estate. Fernando Delgado, Alferez. 
 
 706 JOSE MIGUEL PEREZ. Abiquiu. 1818. 
 
 Registration of a mine. 
 
 707 JUAN ESTEVAN PINO vs. Jose Apodaca. Santa Fe, 
 
 1819. 
 
 Sale of a house in Santa Fe. Jose Francisco Ortiz, Al- 
 calde. Facundo Melgares, Governor. 
 
 708 JUAN ESTEVAN PINO, 1824. 
 
 Protest of people of San Miguel del Bado against grant to 
 him on their lands. Referred to the Territorial Deputa- 
 tion. Bias Baca, Sindico Procurador. 
 
 709 MARIA MANUELA PEREA vs. Jose Garcia de la 
 
 Mora, Alcalde. Abiquiu. 1824. 
 
 Question of lands bought from the Indians of Abiquiu. 
 Bartolome Baca, Governor. 
 
 710 PEDRO JOSE PEREA. 
 
 Grant on the Pecos, 1825. Made by the Territorial Depu- 
 tation. Antonio Chaves. Grant made at same time. 
 Bartolome Baca, Governor. Juan Bautista Vigil, Secre- 
 tary. 
 
 711 GEORGE R. PRATT, Santa Fe. 1833. 
 
 Petition to erect a saw-mill and tannery in Santa Fe
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 197 
 
 caiion. No action taken because of ignorance as to 
 whether the place asked for was on land of Juan Jose 
 Lujan. 
 
 Reported Claim of Santiago Ramirez, q. v. This land 
 is below Monument Rock in Santa Fe cafion. Abreu, 
 Governor. Santiago Abreu, President of the Ayunta- 
 miento. 
 
 712 DIEGO PADILLA. 
 
 Will, Santa Fe, 1833. Antonio Sena, Alcalde. 
 
 713 JUAN ESTEVAN PINO vs. Ayimtamiento de Santa 
 
 Fe. 1837-36. 
 
 Question of land in said city. Albino Perez, Governor. 
 Agustin Duran, Alcalde. Francisco Ortiz y Delgado, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 Refers to Don Juan Rafael Ortiz as being Jefe Politico 
 Interino on December 10, 1836. 
 
 714 NICOLASA PEREA vs. Juan Cristobal Armijo. Ber- 
 nalillo. 1844. 
 
 Question of lands. Tomas Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 715 MARIA ANTONIA PADILLA to Rafael Padilla. San- 
 ta Fe, 1844. 
 
 House and land. Tomas Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 716 JUAN GRIEGO and JULIANA SAIS, his wife and 
 
 Francisco Sais to Diego Arias de Qniros, Santa Fe. 
 
 1718. 
 
 House and land. Francisco Joseph Bueno de Bohorques 
 y Corcuera, Alcalde. 
 
 Juan Griego received a concession of lands just outside 
 the city of Alburquerque in 1708, as appears from the 
 record of deeds on file in Bernalillo county. New Mexico, 
 as follows : 
 
 "Let it be notorious and know all Avho may see this 
 letter of testimony, that before me, Captain Joseph Ig- 
 nacio de la Plaza, appeared Juan Griego and exhibited 
 to me a grant title which he has in his favor, made to the 
 Sergeant Cristobal de Gongora, which was somewhat torn 
 but free from any other suspicion, and its contents very 
 complete, and he asked me to make a literal copy of it,
 
 198 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 the original to remain in the archives under my charge, 
 
 and it is as follows: 
 
 [On margin] "Petition of Juan Griego, 
 
 "The Sergeant Cristoval de Gongora appeared before 
 your excellency, Senor governor and captain-general, ask- 
 ing that all the privileges allowed by law be given me, 
 and I say that being in this kingdom, burdened with a 
 family, and not having a piece of land to cultivate as a 
 settler of this kingdom, for this reason I register a rancho 
 uncultivated and unoccupied, which ruin was owned by 
 Luis de Carabajal, formerly in the town of Alburquerque, 
 betw^een a rancho of Captain Diego Montoya and the house 
 of Captain Baltazar Romero, and on the north it is 
 bounded by lands of the said Captain Montoya, on the 
 south by lands of Francisco Lucero, on the east by [Note: 
 Here follow one or two words which I cannot make out.] 
 mountain range, and on the west by the Rio del Norte, 
 which rancho and agricultural lands are a little less 
 than a quarter of a league in width, in order that I 
 may be able to raise crops and some stock, with entrances 
 and exits, free pastures and watering places, uses and 
 customs, that your excellency will be pleased said . . . 
 grant in the name of His Majesty, directing Captain Mar- 
 tin Hurtado, alcalde mayor of that jurisdiction, to give 
 real possesion to the said Captain Baltazar Romero in 
 my stead, and also granting me the favor to allow me a 
 long term for its settlement, in order that within such 
 term [Note: Here follows three words which I cannot de- 
 cipher.] said tract, wherefore of your excellency I beg 
 and pray that you will be pleased to admit this peti- 
 tion granting me that wliich I ask, as it is just, and I 
 swear by God our Lord and the Holy Cross that I do not 
 act in bad faith, and that which is necessary, &c. 
 
 "Cristoval Gongora 
 [On margin:] "Presentation. 
 
 "In the town of Santa Pe, capital of this kingdom and 
 provinces of New Mexico, on the twelfth day of the 
 month of December, of the year one thousand seven hun- 
 dred and eight, before me, Admiral Don Joseph Chacon 
 Medina Zalasar Villasefior, Caballero de la Orden de San- 
 tiago, Marques de la Penuela, governor and captain-gen- 
 eral of the said kingdom and provinces of New Mexico, 
 castellan of the forces and garrison of His Majesty: 
 [On margin:] "Decree. 
 
 "It was Presented by the person named in it, and
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 199 
 
 having examined it, I admitted it, with all the privileges 
 allowed by law; and being advised of the justness of his 
 petition I make him the grant of the said tract he asks 
 for, and I make it in the name of His Majesty, in order 
 that, as his own, he may enjoy it for himself and his 
 heirs, without prejudice to any third party who may have 
 a better right, and this decree shall serve as a special 
 title for him ; and I order the alcalde mayor of San Felipe 
 de Alburquerque to give royal possession in the form and 
 manner asked by the petitioner and without omitting a 
 single point of that which I order. And in order that it 
 may so appear thus I provided, ordered and signed, with 
 the undersigned secretary of government and war on the 
 said day at supra. 
 
 "El Marques de la Penuela 
 "By Order of the governor and captain-general: 
 
 "Alfonso Rael de Aguilar, 
 
 "Secretary of Government and War. 
 [On margin:] "Royal possession. 
 
 "I, Martin Hurtado, alcalde mayor and war captain of 
 the town of San Felipe de Alburquerque, being informed 
 as to the contents of the order as above issued by the 
 Marques, governor and captain-general of this kingdom 
 of New Mexico, not discovering any better right, proceed- 
 ed to give possession to the said Captain Baltazar Romero, 
 in the form and manner contained in the petition of the 
 petitioner, the boundaries being those set forth in his peti- 
 tion, this possession being the most sufficient security that 
 he may enjoy them as his own, and I grant it in the name 
 of His Majesty, the pastures, waters, watering places, en- 
 trances and exits free, as he asks, and, in order that it 
 may so appear, I signed it, with assisting witnesses, acting 
 by delegated authority (receptoria) , in the absence of a 
 notary public or royal, of which there is none within two 
 hundred leagues of this kingdom, and it is done on the 
 tenth day of January, one thousand seven hundred and 
 nine, in this town of Alburquerque. 
 
 "Before me, Juez receptor, Martin Hurtado. 
 
 "Assisting witness, Francisco de la Candelaria. 
 "Assisting witness, Juan de la Mora Pineda. 
 
 "It agrees with the original, whence I, the Ensign, 
 Joseph Ignacio de la Plaza, directed it to be taken lit- 
 erally from its original, to which I refer. It is certain 
 and true, corrected and compared, and there were present 
 to see it corrected and compared Captain Antonio de
 
 200 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Chaves and Antonio de Luna, residents of this town of 
 Alburqiierque, where it is made, on the nineteenth day of 
 the month of May, one thousand seven hundred and 
 twenty-six. 
 
 "In testimony of truth I set my hand and rubric. 
 
 "Martin Hurtado" [rubric] 
 
 717 DOMINGO de BALDES and ANA MARIA MAR- 
 QUES, his wife to Diego Arias de Quiros. Santa Fe, 
 1720. 
 
 Francisco Joseph Bueno de Bohorques y Coreuera, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 718 PEOPLE of PUEBLO QUEMADO. 
 
 Petition, 1749. To be permitted to return to said place 
 and cultivate their lands having been driven away on 
 preceding years by Indians. Joachin Codallos y Rabal, 
 Governor. 
 
 719 LOS QUELITES. 
 
 Grant, 1761. Reported Claim, q. v. Francisco Antonio 
 Marin del Valle, Governor. Miguel Lucero, Alcalde. The 
 names of the grantees are fully set out in this grant. 
 
 Mentions an attack made on the frontier of "San 
 Geronimo de los Thaos'^ by the Cumanehes on August 4, 
 1760. 
 
 720 LOS QUELITES. 1765. 
 
 Revocation of Grant to certain parties of the first settlers. 
 Tomas Veles Cachupin, Governor. 
 
 721 JUAN MARTIN to Manuel Quintana. Pojoaque. 1769. 
 
 Land in Canada de Santa Cruz. Antonio Joseph Ortiz, 
 Antonio Joseph Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 722 ISIDRO MARTIN to Leonicio Quintana. Pojoaque. 
 
 1769. 
 
 Land in Canada de Santa Cruz. Antonio Joseph Ortiz, 
 Alcalde. 
 
 723 JOSE QUINTANA vs. Gregorio Garcia. 1775. 
 
 Question of sale of rancho in Santa Cruz. Don Pedro 
 Fermin de Mendinueta, Governor. Salvador Garcia de 
 Noriega.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 201 
 
 724 JUAN SEGURA to Miguel Quintana. Santa Fe, 1827. 
 
 Land in Canada del Tio Leonardo. Testimonio. Domingo 
 Fernandez, Secretario del Cabildo. 
 
 725 TEODOSIO QUINTANA. 
 
 Eeport of Committee of Ayuntamiento in regard to giving 
 him permission to build a portal to his house. 
 
 726 MARIA de los ANGELES QUINTANA and Jose Pablo 
 
 Griego to Gaspar Ortiz. Santa Fe. 1844. 
 
 Land. Tomas Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 Mentions the "C amino Real de Cuma." For " Cuma" 
 see No. 423 (Lucero de Godoy), leaf 3. 
 
 727 ANTONIO ORTIZ. 
 
 Grant, 1819. Eeported Claim No. 42, q. v. 
 
 728 CLARA RUIZ de CACERES vs. Pedro Barela de Lo- 
 
 sada. San Lorenzo de la Toma del Rio del Norte. 1682. 
 
 Question of lands. Antonio de Otermin, Governor. Juan 
 Lueero de Godoy, Alcalde. 
 
 This is the oldest of the archives in the office of the sur- 
 veyor-general. It bears the signatures, among others of 
 Don Antonio de Otermin, Nicolas Luzero de Godoy, and 
 Simon de Molina. The petition is addressed to the gov- 
 ernor, dated July 12, 1682, and is as follows : 
 
 "Clara Ruiz de Caceres, widow, a resident of the Prov- 
 inces of New Mexico and handmaid {asistenta) in this 
 military camp of San Lorenzo, appears before Your Ex- 
 cellency in the most ample form of law, waiving no rights 
 guaranteed to me favorable to my cause, and state: That 
 about one year ago the sergeant major, Sebastian de 
 Herrera gave me a hut (rancho) built by him and his 
 son-in-law, Nicolas Luzero, a hut for me to live in and for 
 me as I have lived and taken care of it and fixed it up as 
 my own. 
 
 "And now, without my being at my house (cassa) came 
 the Adjutant, Pedro Barela de Posada and went into my 
 hut and put all of my household goods outside, throwing 
 them out on the commons, without considering that they 
 might be stolen in my absence. 
 
 "For all of which I ask and pray that Your Excellency 
 be pleased to order said Pedro Barela to get out of the 
 said hut and leave it to me as it was given to me by the
 
 202 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 said Sebastian de Herrera for me, which necessarily he 
 must declare and Your Excellency will deign to protect 
 me as a poor widow who has no one to even cut a stick 
 with which to build another. 
 
 "I swear before God and by this cross that this, my 
 petition, is not made in malice, but in search of justice 
 which I hope to receive from the Catholic breast of Your 
 Excellency. 
 
 ' ' Imploring the Royal aid in that which is necesary, etc. 
 
 "Clara Ruiz" 
 
 "Presented by the Petitioner on the 12th day of July, 
 in the year 1682 and examined by His Excellency who 
 commands that the alcalde ordinario, Juan Lucero de 
 Godoy, shall go to the hut from where the petitioner says 
 she was ejected and leave her in possession as she had 
 been. And if the adjutant, Pedro Barela, should have 
 any charges to make by way of justification, to hear them 
 according to law, that the place may be given to the one 
 entitled to it. 
 
 "I have so ordered, decreed and signed. 
 
 "Antonio de Otermin [rubric] 
 
 ' ' Before me the present special secretary of government 
 and war. Luis Granillo (rubric) 
 
 ' ' Special Sec. of Gov. and War. ' ' 
 
 The writ was served on July 12, 1682, by Juan Lucero 
 de Godoy, alcalde ordinario ; Pedro Barela de Posada 
 claimed that the hut was his and his brother-in-law 's, Nico- 
 las Lucero de Godoy ; that Sebastian de Herrera had help- 
 ed to build it. He agreed to obey the writ pending in- 
 vestigation of his own charges and claims; that he had 
 notified Clara Ruiz to vacate and had sent the notification 
 by Jose de Arvisu and she had not done so ; that he put 
 the goods out under a cottonwood tree and had had them 
 guarded until Clara Ruiz returned; she denied having 
 been notified ; and Jose de Arvisu gave as an excuse that 
 it "had departed from his memory." 
 
 This is signed by Juan Lucero de Godoy with his rubric. 
 The signatures of Pedro Barela de Posada, Antonio Lucero 
 de Godoy, and Sebastian Gonzales also appear here. Se- 
 bastian de Herrera also made a statement before the al- 
 calde ordinario ; he denied that the hut was built for her ; 
 that the hut had been loaned to her by him ; says he is 
 forty-four years of age ; this part of the proceeding is 
 signed by Sebastian de Herrera, Pedro Barela de Posada, 
 Simon de Molina, with their rubrics.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 203 
 
 Nicolas Lucero de Godoy, 26 years of age, said that he 
 built the hut along with his father-in-law, the sergeant 
 major, Sebastian de Herrera; that the hut was loaned to 
 Clara Ruiz while they went to San Lorenzo to spend Holy 
 Week. 
 
 ''At the Town of San Lorenzo, of the Dam of the River 
 Del Norte, on the 18th day of July, 1682, in the prose- 
 cution of this cause, the said alcalde ordinario [torn] wit- 
 nesses read and made notorious the declaration of the ser- 
 geant major, Sebastian de Herrera, and of the adjutant, 
 Nicolas Luzero. to Clara Ruiz de Caceres, in her proper 
 person ; that if she has any allegations to make or other 
 witnesses to be heard, they will be received and examined. 
 
 "She said that having heard and understood them (the 
 declarations) she then and there desired and withdrew 
 from the suit (pleito) and demand she has for the hut 
 and that in supposition that what the said Sebastian de 
 Herrera and Nicolas Luzero state in their declaration is 
 sufficient reason that said Pedro Barela should live in said 
 hut, then what can she say? Inasmuch as they are the 
 owners and the ones who built it, and this she gave as her 
 answer; and I said alcalde signed it with these witnesses 
 and she said that she did not know how to sign. 
 
 "Juan Luzero de Godoy [Rubric] 
 
 "Antonio Luzero de Godoy [Rubric] 
 
 "Mathias Luzero [Rubric]" 
 
 729 DOMINGO MARTIN SERRANO to Sebastian Rod- 
 riguez. Santa Fe, 1697. 
 
 Land. Diego Arias de Quires, Alcalde. Joseph de Con- 
 treras, Antonio de Aguilera Issasi. 
 
 730 TESTIMONIO of the above ; not signed. 
 
 731 JUAN RODELO. 
 
 Will, Santa Fe, 1716. Juan Garcia de las Rivas, Alcalde. 
 
 732 JOSE CASTELLANOS to Miguel Garcia de las Rivas. 
 Santa Fe, 1701. El Sitio del Pueblo Viejo de la Cien- 
 ega. 
 
 Testimonio. Joseph Rodriguez, Alcalde. 
 
 733 ALFONZO RAEL de AGUILAR. 
 
 Grant, 1704. Reported Claim No. 81, q. v.
 
 204 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 734 PEDRO FELIPE RODRIGUEZ. 
 
 Will, Santa Fe, 1784. Jose Maldonado, Teniente. 
 
 735 JUANDEMESTAStoIgnacioRoibal. Santa Fe. 1705. 
 
 Land on Cuyamungue river, adjoining Rancho Jacona. 
 Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. Antonio Albares de Cas- 
 trillon. 
 
 Juan de Mestas Grant, Reported No. 80, was filed in the 
 office of the surveyor-general and was surveyed for an 
 area of more than 1,600 acres, all of which was within 
 the limits of the Pojoaque Grant. The court of private 
 land claims dismissed the claim. 
 
 One of the oldest grants is the one made to Juan de 
 Mestas, being the land mentioned in this archive. The 
 grant was made by Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero, the 
 successor of General De Vargas; the land originally ap- 
 plied for is described in the petition as "extending from 
 the house erected by Don Jacinto Palaes (Captain) to- 
 ward the river-side, below the Pueblo of Pojoaque, and 
 to a bluff and hollow formed thereby, which are the 
 boundaries, and on the south side to the hills, and on the 
 north side to the same." Possession was given by the 
 sergeant major, Francisco de Analla Almazan, and the 
 maestre de campo, Roque Madrid. The land extended 
 toward the old pueblo of Jacona. 
 
 Town of Jacona Grant, Reported No. 92, Avas confirmed 
 by the court of private land claims and under the survey 
 contains 6, 952 acres. Of this there is a conflict with the 
 grant to the pueblo of San Ildefonzo amounting to 902 
 acres and nearly 2,776 acres of a conflict with the grant 
 to the pueblo of Pojoaque, and more than 1163 acres con- 
 flict with the grant to the pueblo of Tesuque. The grant 
 was patented November 15, 1909. 
 
 736 DIEGO MARTIN by his attorney, Juan de Dios Martin 
 de Sandobal, to Ursula Ramos. Villa Nueva de Santa 
 Cruz. 1710. 
 
 Land. Juan de Uribarri, Alcalde. 
 
 737 DIEGO DE VELASCO to Juan de los Rios. Santa Fe, 
 1712. 
 
 Land. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 205 
 
 738 JUAN DE APODACA to Lorenzo Rodriguez. Santa Fe, 
 
 1712. 
 
 Land. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. Joseph. Maria 
 Giltomey. 
 
 739 ALPHONZO RAEL de AGUILAR. 
 
 Grant. Mine. 1713. Juan Ignacio Flores Mogollon, 
 Governor. 
 
 740 JUAN ALONZO de MONDRAGON and Sebastiana 
 Truxillo to Santiago Romero. Villa Nueva de Santa 
 Cruz. 1713. 
 
 Land. Juan Garcia de la Ribas, Alcalde. 
 
 741 FRANCISCO XAVIER ROMERO. Grant. 1716. 
 
 Land in the Canada de Santa Cruz. Re-validated by 
 Phelix Martinez, Governor. 
 
 742 ANDRES de la PAZ and Francisca Antonia Guijosa to 
 
 Santiago Romero. 
 
 House and lands in Canada de Santa Cruz. Francisco 
 Joseph Bueno de Bohorques y Corcuera, Alcalde. Joseph 
 Manuel Giltomey. 
 
 Shows that Santa Cruz de la Canada was on the south 
 side of the river in 1720. 
 
 743 ANTONIO de ABEYTIA to Francisco Rendon. Santa 
 
 Fe, 1721. 
 
 House and land. Francisco Joseph Bueno de Bohorquez 
 y Corcuera, Alcalde. 
 
 744 DIEGO DURAN to ALONZO RAEL de AGUILAR. 
 Santa Fe, 1721. 
 
 House and land. Bohorquez, Alcalde. 
 
 745 IGNACIO de ROIBAL vs. Juan de Mestas. Villa Nu- 
 eva de Santa Cruz. 1721. 
 
 Question of boundaries. Don Juan Domingo de Busta- 
 mante, Governor. 
 
 746 FRANCISCO SAIS to Alonzo Rael de Aguilar. Santa 
 
 Fe, 1721. 
 
 Land. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. Miguel de San- 
 doval Martinez.
 
 206 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 747 MARIA GUTIERRES to Francisco Rendon. Santa 
 Fe, 1728. 
 
 Land. Diego Arias de Quiros. 
 
 748 FRANCISCO JOSEPH CASADOS and Maria de 
 
 Arcliiveque, his wife, to Jose Riaiio. Santa Fe, 1729. 
 
 House and land. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. Dimas 
 Jiron. 
 
 749 MANUEL CASILLAS to Juan Phelipe de Ribera. 
 Santa Fe, 1731. 
 
 House and land. 
 
 750 BALTAZAR ROMERO to Juan Jose Romero. 1752. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 109, q. v. Francisea Antonia Gijosa. 
 
 751 CRISTOVAL XARAMILLO. Alburquerque, 1736, to 
 Matias Romero. 
 
 Land. Geronimo Xaramillo, Alcalde. Isidro Sanches. 
 
 752 DIEGO DE TORRES and Maria Martin, his wife, of 
 Chama, to Nicolas Romero. Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz. 
 1736. 
 
 Juan Estevan Garcia de Noriega, Alcalde. 
 
 753 FRANCISCO MARTIN and Casilda de Contreras, his 
 wife, of Enibiido, to Juana Maria Romero. Villa Nueva 
 de Santa Cruz, 1736. 
 
 Land in rancho called "Chico Payemo." Juan Estevan 
 Garcia de Noriega, Alcalde. 
 
 754 DIMAS GIRON de TEGEDA and Ignacio Roibal vs. 
 
 Juan Rodriguez. 1736. 
 
 Question of lands in Rio Arriha. Gervasio Cruzat y Gon- 
 gora, Governor. 
 
 755 MARIA de SAN JOSEPH. San Geronimo de Taos. 
 
 1735. 
 
 Division of her property. Gervasio Cruzat y Gongora, 
 Governor. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 756 JUAN RODRIGUEZ. 
 
 Will, inventory, and partition of his estate. Santa Fe,
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 207 
 
 1738. Henrique de Olavide y Miehelena, Governor. An- 
 tonio Montoya, Alcalde. 
 
 757 MARCIAL GARCIA of Alburquerque to Melclior Rod- 
 riguez. Santa Fe. 1738. 
 
 Land in Santa Fe. Antonio Montoya, Alcalde. 
 
 758 JOSEPH DE RIANO vs. Juan Lucero. Santa Fe, 1732. 
 
 Question of entrances and exits in Santa Fe. Gervasio 
 Cruzat y Gongora, Governor. Juan Lucero de Godoy. 
 
 On page 2 or leaf 16 of this manuscript it appears that 
 at one time there was a church on the north side of the 
 plaza, either immediately adjoining or within a very few 
 varas of the Palace of the Governors. This is the church 
 referred to in archives No. 8 and No. 169, and it was in 
 this church in all prolahility that the hocly of Don Diego 
 de Vargas was interred. See his will. 
 
 759 DIEGO ROMERO. 
 
 Will, Taos, 1742. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Re- 
 ported Claim No. 158, q. v. Cristobal de la Serna, of 
 Los Ranchos de Taos. 
 
 760 ANDRES ROMERO, Francisco Romero, Antonio de 
 Atencio, Antonio Duran de Armijo. 
 
 Petition for partition of lands of the estate of Diego 
 Romero. San Geronimo de Taos, 1743. Rancho called 
 ''Rio de Las Trampas." Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 Reported Claim No. 158, q. v. Archive No. 759 
 
 761 FRANCISCO MAGRINAN. Santa Fe, 1744. 
 
 Registration of a mine. Situate three leagues from the 
 pueblo of Picuries. Joachin Codallos y Rabal, Governor. 
 Joseph de Terms; Francisco de Roa y Carrillo; Joseph 
 Romo de Vera. 
 
 762 JOSE RIANO. Santa Fe, 1744. 
 
 Proceedings in the settlement of his estate. Joachin Co- 
 dallos y Rabal, Governor; Antonio Aramburu; Antonio 
 Hulibarri, Alcalde. 
 
 763 FRANCISCO ORTIZ. Santa Fe, 1744. 
 
 Registration of a mine near the pueblo of the Picuries. 
 Donation of the same to Francisco Roa y Carillo. Joachin 
 Codallos y Rabal, Governor.
 
 208 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 764 FEANCISCO GUERRERO. Santa Fe, 1744. 
 
 Registration of a mine near the pueblo of the Pic lines. 
 Donation of the same to Francisco Roa y Carillo. Codal- 
 los y Rabal, Governor. 
 
 765 ALFONZO RAEL de AGUILAR. Will. Santa Fe, 
 1745. 
 
 Antonio Ulibarri, Alcalde. 
 
 Alfonzo Rael de Aguilar or Pueblo of Cuyamungue 
 Grant. Reported No. 81. This grant was approved by 
 the surveyor-general for about 6 acres, all of the land 
 being within the limits of the Pueblo of Pojoaque Grant. 
 The court of private land claims rejected the grant. This 
 is not the Bernardo de Sena Grant which was confirmed 
 by the court of private land claims. 
 
 766 MANUEL MONTOYA and Pedro de Holiba to Juan de 
 Dios Romero. San Francisco Xavier del Pueblo Que- 
 mado, Partido de Chimayo. 1750. 
 
 Land. Juan Joseph Sandoval, Alcalde. 
 
 767 SEBASTIAN MARTIN to Manuel Ramos Barela. San 
 Xavier del Pueblo Quemado. Partido de Chimayo, 
 1750. 
 
 Land. Juan Joseph Sandoval, Alcalde. 
 
 768 MANUEL RAMOS. 
 
 Will, Puehlo Quemado, 1750. Juan Joseph Sandoval, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 769 HEIRS of ALPHONSO RAEL de AGUILAR, Santa 
 
 Fe, 1750. 
 
 Petition for possession of Grant made to him. Petition 
 refused. Tomas Veles Cachupin, Governor. Juan An- 
 tonio Gonzales del Peral. Joseph de Bustamante de Tagle. 
 
 770 JOSEPH RIANO, Santa Fe, 1753, to Nicolas Ortiz. 
 
 Land. 
 
 771 JUAN DE DIOS ROMERO. 
 
 Grant. Nicolas Romero, Julian Romero, Miguel Des- 
 pinosa, Ventura Despinosa, Xavier Romero, Cristobal 
 Martin, Bernardo Romero, Salvador Espinosa, Tadeo Es-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 209 
 
 pinosa, Domingo Romero, Francisco Vernal, Joseph Man- 
 uel Gonzales, Juan Luis Romero. 
 
 Grant made by Tomas Veles Cachupin, Governor. Pos- 
 session given by Juan Joseph Lobato, Alcalde, 1754. One 
 hundred and fifty varas were given to each settler and one 
 league of " egido" to them all in addition to house and 
 lot and garden in the town. The boundaries of the " egido" 
 are: East: la toma de la acequia de el rio del Puehlo Que- 
 mado ; west : el camino real que para Picunes ; north : 
 las corrientes del rio de las Truchas ; south: el alto in- 
 mediato al referido Rio Pueilo Quemado. Name of the 
 town; Nuestra Senora del Rosario San Fernando y San- 
 tiago. 
 
 772 PEDRO TAFOYA to Salvador Matias de Rivera. 1755. 
 Santa Fe. 
 
 House and lot. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 773 JUAN JOSEPH MORENO. Grant. 1754. 
 
 Land in Santa Cruz. Made by Joachin Codallos y Rabal, 
 Governor. Possession given by Manuel Sanz de Garvisu, 
 Alcalde. 
 
 JUAN JOSEPH MORENO and Juana, his wife, to San- 
 tiago Roibal. Vicario y Juez Eclesiastico. 
 
 Donation, Santa Fe, 1755. The land included in the 
 above grant. Francisco Antonio Marin del Valle, Gover- 
 nor. Juan Francisco de Arroniz; Antonio Aramburu; 
 Manuel Sanz de Garvisu; Phelipe Jacobo de Vuanue. 
 
 774 MANUEL A RAEL de AGUILAR. 
 
 Will, San Antonio, 1758. Also proceedings in the parti- 
 tion of her estate. Francisco Antonio Marin del Valle, 
 Governor. 
 
 775 GREGORIO CRESPIN to Antonio Rivera. Santa Fe, 
 1762. 
 
 House and land. Manuel Gallego, Alcalde. 
 
 776 JUANA ROMERO. 
 
 Will, Cieneguilla, 1762. Manuel Gallego, Alcalde. 
 
 777 BLAS LOVATO to Tomas Roibal. Santa Fe. 1764. 
 
 House and lot. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde.
 
 210 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 778 FRANCISCO XAVIER ROMERO, son of Diego Ro- 
 mero. 
 
 Question of boundaries with Andres Romero. Private 
 Land Claim No. 158, q. v. Cristobal de la Serna Grant. 
 
 779 FRANCISCO XAVIER RODRIGUEZ. 
 
 "Will, 1764. Santa Fe. Tomas Madrid, teniente. 
 
 780 SAN GAVRIEL de LAS NUTRIAS. 
 
 Grant, 1765. On Rio Grande near Belen. Made by 
 Tomas Veles Cachupin, Governor. Originally to 30 fam- 
 ilies, the names of which are given in the grant No. 645 
 and 781, q. v. 
 
 781 FRANCISCO ROMERO, alias "Ta/ac/ieCo2/o^e." In- 
 testate. Taos. 1765. 
 
 Inventory of his estate. Tomas Veles Cachupin, Gover- 
 nor. Reported Claim No. 158, q. v. Grant to Cristobal 
 de la Serna. 
 
 782 JOSEPH MIGUEL de la PENA to Nicolas Rael de 
 Aguilar. Santa Fe. 1765. 
 
 House and land. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 783 MARIA ROMERO. Embudo. 1766. vs. Maria An- 
 tonia Villapando. 
 
 Question of land. Felipe Tafoya, Procurador; Tomas 
 Veles Cachupin, Governor. 
 
 784 TORIBIO de ORTIZ to Manuel Rodriguez. Santa Fe. 
 1766. 
 
 House and land. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Juan 
 Francisco Niiio Ladron de Guebara, Francisco Estevan 
 Tafoya. 
 
 785 JUAN DE LEDESMA to Vicente Rodrig-uez. Santa Fe. 
 1767. 
 
 House and land. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde, Fran- 
 cisco Xavier Fragoso. 
 
 786 MARIA ROSALIA ROMERO vs. Pablo Salazar. 1768. 
 
 Question of boundaries of contiguous ranches in Sandia. 
 Pedro Fermin de Mindinueta, Governor. Domingo de 
 Luna.
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 211 
 
 787 JUAN ANTONIO RODRIGUEZ to Isidro Rodriguez. 
 
 Santa Fe, 1768. 
 
 House and lot. Phelipe Tafoya, Alcalde. Lucas Moya, 
 Antonio de Armenta, Joseph Garcia de la Mora. 
 
 788 JOSEPH MIGUEL de RIVERA. Santa Fe, 1769. 
 
 Phelipe Tafoya, Alcalde. Joachin Lain. 
 
 789 MARIA MESTAS to Juan Bautista Romero. 1769. 
 
 Land in Cuyamungue. Antonio Josef Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 Manuel de Arteaga. 
 
 790 JUANA ROIBAL. 
 
 Will, Santa Fe, 1770. Phelipe Tafoya, Alcalde. Antonio 
 Joseph Garcia de la Mora. 
 
 791 SAN GABRIEL de LAS NUTRIAS. 
 
 Grant, 1771. Commission to settle to sixteen families. 
 Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta, Governor; Joseph Garcia 
 de Noriega, Alcalde ; Antonio Duran ; Joseph Gonzales 
 Serna. No. 645 and 780, q. v. 
 
 792 MIGUEL ROMERO. Will. 
 
 Inventory and partition of his estate. Cochiti, 1771. 
 Nerio Antonio Montoya, Alcalde; Pedro Antonio Trujillo; 
 Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde ; Andres Montoya ; Joseph 
 Miguel de la Peiia; Antonio Moreto. 
 
 793 MARIA MANUELA OLGUIN vs. Maria Estela Palo- 
 mino Rendon. 1770. Santa Fe. 
 
 Question of inheritance of the two children of plaintiff, 
 grandsons of Joseph Miguel Tafoya, deceased, who is the 
 husband of defendant. Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta, 
 Governor. Santiago Roibal, Juez Eclesiastico, Salvador 
 Ribera, Joseph Miguel de la Peiia. 
 
 794 JUAN ANTONIO ARCHULETA to Vicente Rod- 
 riguez, Santa Fe, 1771. 
 
 Land. Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. Antonio de Ar- 
 menta, Antonio Joseph de la Mora. 
 
 795 TORIBIO ORTIZ to Manuel Rodriguez. Santa Fe, 
 1772. 
 
 Land. Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. Joseph de Ar- 
 menta.
 
 212 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 796 SALVADOR de ARCHULETA to Vicente Rodriguez. 
 
 Santa Fe, 1772. 
 
 Land, Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. Simon de Ar- 
 menta. 
 
 797 MARCOS RODRIGUEZ. 
 
 Will, Santa Fe, 1772. Manuel Garcia Pareja, Antonio de 
 Armenta. 
 
 798 JUAN ANTONIO GURULE to Domingo Romero. 
 
 1775. 
 
 Land in the Cieneguilla which he inherited from his wife, 
 Maria Montoya. Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. Joseph 
 de Armenta. Reported Claim — The Cieneguilla Tract, 
 q. V. 
 
 Domingo Romero was the grantee of the Mesita de 
 Juana Lopez along with Miguel Ortiz and Manuel Ortiz, 
 his half brothers — the grant was made by Governor Juan 
 Bautista de Anza, 1782. Madrid coal mines are on this 
 property. 
 
 799 MIGUEL ROMERO. Canada de Cochiti. 1775. 
 
 Inventory and partition of his estate. Pedro Fermin de 
 Mendinueta, Governor. Juan Antonio Lujan, Tomas de 
 Sena, Miguel Ortiz, Domingo Labadia. 
 
 800 MANUELA ROIBAL. 
 
 "Will, Santa Fe, 1778. Joseph Miguel de la Peiia, Antonio 
 Serrano. 
 
 801 GRANT OF LAND on Rio Colorado to 50 Families. 
 
 1842. 
 
 Correspondence on this subject between J. Andres Archu- 
 leta, prefect of the first district, and Guadalupe Miranda, 
 secretario de Gohierno. Question as to the right of the 
 prefect to grant lands for agricultural purposes. Report- 
 ed Claim No. 93. 
 
 In the year 1836, the aynntamiento of Taos made this 
 grant to Antonio Elias Armenta, Jose Victor Sanches and 
 Jose Manuel Sanchez. Don Antonio Jose Ortiz, Don San- 
 tiago Martinez and Juan Antonio Lobato were members 
 of the aynntamiento as was also Dr. David Waldo, an 
 American citizen. This property is known as the Canyon 
 del Rio Colorado ; the grant was made under powers given
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 213 
 
 to alcaldes and ayuntamientos known as the "Siete 
 Leyes;" according to Don Donanciano Vigil this law was 
 repealed in 1838. 
 
 In 1829, being a sergeant of the Santa Fe Company, 
 Vigil accompanied a body of 200 soldiers on a campaign 
 against the Utes and was at the little town of Rio Colo- 
 rado which at that time had about fifty families. The 
 houses were all equipped with "loop-holed" battlements 
 for the purpose of safety in fighting off Indians. In 1845 
 Captain Pablo Dominguez was sent from Santa Fe into 
 this part of the country on a campaign against the Chey- 
 enne (Panana, Dominguez calls them) Indians who had 
 been raiding in that country killing shepherds. 
 
 802 VICENTE ROIBAL and MARCELINO ORTIZ. 
 
 Archive No. 398, q. v. 
 
 803 MARIA LUISA RIBERA. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe, 1823. Manuel Baca, Sargento. 
 
 804 JOSE GUADALUPE ROMERO and IGNACIO BACA. 
 Petition, Santa Fe, 1824. 
 
 Asks for land. No action taken. 
 
 805 PABLO ROMERO and others. 
 
 Petition. 1824. Land on the Chama river. Referred by 
 Truxillo, president of the jurisdiction of Ahiquiu, to Bar- 
 tolome Baca, jefe politico. 
 
 806 MIGUEL RIVERA. No. 807, q. v. 
 
 807 MIGUEL RIVERA and six others. 
 
 Grant. Land on the Pecos. Made by Diputacion Pro- 
 vincial on March 3, 1825. Boundaries : East : The Arroyo 
 que haja de la sierra y pija al rio; y por aha jo la hareda 
 que haja del Tecolote y Casita que le llaman de la Guada- 
 lupe; por el oriente queda tamhien la sierra, y al poniente 
 el citado rio." 
 
 808 MIGUEL RIVERA vs. Diego Padilla. Santa Fe, 1825. 
 
 Petition to Diputacion Territorial. No action taken. Land 
 in San Miguel. 
 
 809 MANUEL RIVERA. 
 
 Petition for land in the Arroyo Hondo. Santa Fe. No 
 final action taken. 1827.
 
 214 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Quintana, Secretary of the Territorial Deputation. Jose 
 Francisco Baca, Governor. Juan Jose Lujan, Sindico 
 Proeurador. Vincente Baca, of the Ayuntamiento. Do- 
 mingo Fernandez, Secretary of the Ayuntamiento. 
 
 Domingo Fernandez, who appears in this archive, in his 
 testimony before the surveyor-general of New Mexico, 
 says that he was the collector of rents and tithes of the 
 religious society known as "Nuestra Sefiora de la Luz." 
 It has been claimed that the society, known as the "Pen- 
 itentes, ' ' had its origin in New Mexico with that of Nues- 
 tra Sefiora de la Luz ; this is not correct. The last named 
 society became the owner by purchase of what is known 
 as the "Lamy Grant" or rancho. Domingo Fernandez 
 gives us the names of the vicarios of the Catholic church 
 in New Mexico from the time of the establishment of Mex- 
 ican sovereignty down to the administration of Arch- 
 bishop Juan B. Lamy; they were, prior to 1820. Rt. Rev, 
 Francisco Ygnacio de Madariaga. The "chief brother" 
 of the Society of Nuestra Sefiora de la Luz at that time 
 was Don Fernando Chacon. Rt. Rev. Juan Tomas Ter- 
 razas succeeded Madariaga, and he in turn was succeeded 
 by Rt. Rev. Juan Felipe Ortiz. The society applied to 
 Governor Facundo Melgares for an order upon all "per- 
 sons indebted to such society" to pay forthwith. This 
 petition was referred to the constitutional justice of Santa 
 Fe, Don Juan Estevan Pino, who compelled Fernandez 
 to give a list of all those who were so indebted ; this was 
 done, and it appeared that Carlos de Herrera had, in his 
 lifetime, 500 sheep belonging to the "society," which he 
 had lost, and in payment of the debt he left by will a 
 farm called "El Caiion." Fernandez stated that this 
 farm had been secured by Herrera from Diego Antonio 
 Baca, who had acquired it from the government in ex- 
 change for a house and lot in Santa Fe, which was used 
 for building a barracks for the soldiers. 
 
 Domingo Fernandez was born in the City of Santa Fe 
 in 1786. He was a member of the ayuntamiento of Santa 
 Fe for a niunber of years; was chief alcalde, and under 
 the government of the United States during the Military 
 Occupation period, was circuit attorney of the first dis- 
 trict. 
 
 810 JOSfi RODRIGUEZ. Santa Fe, 1827. Juicio de Apeo. 
 Rodriguez lost his title deeds and asked the court to es-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 215 
 
 tablish them by reference to the titles of his colindantes, 
 which was done. 
 
 811 RAFAEL FERNANDEZ and Miguel Gonzales. 
 
 Petition for lands. 1829. Report of committee on me- 
 morial of Mariano Rodriguez, protesting against granting 
 said lands. Jose D. Fernandez et al., File 71, q. v. 
 
 812 REPORT of Committee appointed by the Territorial 
 Deputation to give opinion in the matter of the refusal of 
 the Deputation to grant lands to Jose Guadalupe Ro- 
 mero and Manuel Bustamante, and later to grant the 
 same to other persons. 
 
 On the question as to the power of the Deputation to 
 grant the lands the Committee says: "no queda duda de 
 que estuho en las atribuciones de la Exma. Diputacion, a 
 dollar el precitado terreno a las que actualmente I'O 
 poseen." 
 
 813 DOLORES JALLONO, Ignacio Ladron de Guevara, 
 and Marcelino Abreu to Antonio Roubidoux. Santa Fe. 
 1834. 
 
 Mine in the Cerro del Oro. Santiago Abreu, Alcalde. 
 
 814 JOSE DOLORES ROMERO vs. Manuel Romero, Santa 
 
 Fe. 1844. 
 
 In the matter of a house sold without the consent of the 
 plaintiff and his brothers and sisters by his mother, etc. 
 Jose Francisco Baca y Terras, Alcalde. 
 
 815 THIS ARCHIVE contains three papers which are ap- 
 parently rough copies of documents in as many differ- 
 ent suits. They are not signed and bear the date of 
 1846. Reference is made in them to the Las Huertas 
 Grant. Reference is also made to Jorge Ramirez and 
 to Jose Maria Mier. 
 
 816 CORPORATION of the City of Santa Fe. 1692. 
 
 Testimonio of a Petition asking for extension of lands. 
 Incomplete. 
 
 Further on is given the opinion of the supreme court of 
 the United States in the "Santa Fe Grant" case. When
 
 216 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 this claim of the City of Santa Fe was heard in the court 
 of private land claims, Associate Justice Murray dis- 
 sented, his judgment as to the law afterward becoming 
 the law of the court in similar cases. For historical rea- 
 sons the dissenting opinion is given in full. 
 
 ' ' The city of Santa Fe, claiming, as the successor of the 
 ancient town formerly known as La Villa Real de San 
 Francisco de Santa Fe, filed its petition in this court, ask- 
 ing for a confirmation to it of four square leagues of land 
 in trust for the use and benefit of all the inhabitants and 
 occupants thereof. This cause was heard, together with 
 a number of others, in which the petitioners pray for a 
 confirmation of Spanish grants to them for land within 
 the four square leagues claimed by the city. It was not 
 claimed that a grant was, in fact, made to the pueblo for 
 any quantity of land, or that four square leagues, or any 
 other quantity, was ever surveyed or set apart to it; but 
 counsel insists that on the settlement of the pueblo the 
 title to four square leagues passed to it by operation of 
 law and that all subsequent grants made by authority of 
 the sovereign to private parties within the four leagues 
 are null and void, and a majority of my brother judges 
 so hold. 
 
 ' ' The rights of the petitioner must be determined by the 
 law in force at the date of the supposed grant. The cedida 
 of King Phillip II, issued in the year 1511, provided for 
 the settlement of new towns, or pueblos, but there is no 
 mention of four leagues or any other specific quantity of 
 land to be granted. The quantity to be granted was left 
 entirely to the discretion of the governor or viceroy. 
 {Hall's Mexican Law, pp. 17 and 18.) In the case of 
 Juan Sandoval et al. vs. The United States, decided at the 
 present term of this court, the grant for the purpose of 
 establishing a pueblo was made by the governor to fifty- 
 one persons, and the land granted was about 315,000 
 acres. 
 
 "Now, if this law was in force when the ancient pueblo 
 of Santa Fe was settled, the court might presume that a 
 corporation existed, but I can not see how it would be 
 possible to determine the quantity of land (if any) that 
 such corporation would be entitled to. 
 
 "It is alleged in the petition that the 'pueblo was in 
 existence prior to 1680, and that prior to that date said 
 town or villa contained a population exceeding thirty-five
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 217 
 
 families in number, and that there was not any city or 
 village of Spaniards situated within five leagues of said 
 town or villa.' From the foregoing statements I infer 
 that the organization of the ancient pueblo is claimed 
 under the provisions of the law of Spain in relation to the 
 settlement of new towns and pueblos by contractors, who 
 might undertake to settle not less than thirty families. 
 This law provides that if the contractor complied with the 
 law in such cases that there shall be granted to him four 
 square leagues of land, etc. The land is granted to the 
 contractor, and not to the town or pueblo. A town might 
 be established by a contractor with ten families, but in 
 that event only one-third of four square leagues was to be 
 granted. 
 
 "The lands where thirty families were settled were di- 
 vided as follows : * The tract or territory granted by agree- 
 ment to the founder of a settlement shall be distributed 
 in the following manner. They shall, in the first place, 
 lay out what shall be necessary for the site of the town 
 and sufficient liberties (exidas) and abundant pasture for 
 the cattle to be owned by the inhabitants, and as much be- 
 sides for that which shall belong to the town (propios). 
 The balance of the tract shall be divided into four parts, 
 one to be selected by the person obligated to form the set- 
 tlement, and the remaining three parts to be divided in 
 equal portions among the settlers. These lots shall be 
 distributed among the settlers by lots, beginning with 
 those adjoining the main square, and the remainder shall 
 be reserved to us, to give as rewards to new settlers or 
 otherwise, according to our will, and we command that a 
 plan of the settlement be made out.' (See White's Recop., 
 2 vol., p. 46.) 
 
 "The law in relation to the settlement of pueblos by 
 contractors, and the allotment of lands among the settlers 
 and the towns is in 2d White, from page 44 to 47. There 
 is no evidence in this cause tending to show that any al- 
 lotments of land were ever made among the settlers by the 
 town council or any authority, or that the town was set- 
 tled by ten or thirty families, or by the Government. 
 
 "Chief Justice Reed, speaking for a majority of the 
 court in this cause, said : ' Pueblos or towns were estab- 
 lished either by direct action of the Government or by 
 promoters or contractors who undertook to settle not less 
 than thirty families. When the establishment was made
 
 218 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 directly by the Government no express grant of land was 
 made, but the appropriation of a quantity sufficient for 
 the purpose of the towns was by general custom or by 
 operation of general laws. The city of Santa Fe appears 
 to have been established in that manner.' 
 
 ' ' The law of Spain in force in relation to the settlement 
 of new towns and pueblos by the Government in New 
 Spain prior to 1789 left the question of the quantity of 
 land to be granted wholly in the discretion of the governor 
 or viceroy. 
 
 ' ' Nothing whatever is to be found in the law in regard 
 to any town or pueblo so established being entitled to four 
 square leagues or any other quantity of land by operation 
 of law. {White's Recop., vol. 2. pp. 47, 48, 49, 50, and 
 51.) So if the ancient pueblo of Santa Fe was established 
 by the Government as early as 1693, as stated in the opin- 
 ion of the court, I do not see on what ground the court 
 could presume a grant to it by operation of law to any 
 specific quantity of land. The authorities referred to by 
 the court as sustaining the position assumed by it in rela- 
 tion to towns and pueblos being entitled to four square 
 leagues of land when recognized by the Government have 
 no sort of application to towns and pueblos established by 
 the Government prior to 1789. 
 
 "The Republic of Mexico adopted the laws of Spain in 
 relation to towns and pueblos, and the rights of towns and 
 pueblos established by Mexico have been adjudicated by 
 the supreme court of the United States in a number of 
 cases growing out of the act of March 3, 1851, for the set- 
 tlement of private land claims in California. In the case 
 of Brownsville vs. Cavazos (100 U. S., p. 138), Mr. Justice 
 Field said : ' Previous to the revolution which separated 
 Texas from the Republic of Mexico, Brownsville consti- 
 tuted a portion of Matamoras, which was recognized as a 
 town in 1826 by a decree of the congress of Tamaulipas, 
 one of the states of Mexico. By the laws of Mexico' in 
 force at that time, pueblos or towns, when recognized as 
 such by public authorities, became entitled for their use 
 and benefit, and the use and benefit of their inhabitants, 
 to certain lands embracing the site of such pueblos or 
 towns and adjoining territory to the extent of four square 
 leagues. This right was held by the cities and towns of 
 Spain for a long period before her conquests in America, 
 and was recognized in her laws and ordinances for the
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 219 
 
 government of her colonies here.' [Laws of the Indies, 
 White's Recop., vol. 2, pp. 44; Townsend vs. Greely, 5 
 Wall, p. 326; Gresar vs McDowell, 6 Wall, p. 363.) 
 
 ''The law referred to by the learned judge, on page 44 
 of White's Recop., provides for the settlement of pueblos 
 and towns by contractors, with not less than thirty heads 
 of families, hereinbefore referred to, and does not apply 
 to pueblos and towns established by the Government prior 
 to the royal instruction of 1789. In the case of Townsend 
 vs. Greely, supra, Mr. Justice Field delivered the unani- 
 mous opinion of the supreme court of the United States, 
 and explains what is meant in the case of Brownsville vs. 
 Cavazos by the laws of Mexico in force in 1826, which 
 gave to pueblos and towns certain right to four square 
 leagues of land. The learned judge said : ' The royal in- 
 structions of 1789 for the establishment of the town of 
 Pitic, in the province of Sonora, were applicable to all 
 new to^vns which should be established within the district 
 under the commandant-general, and that included Cali- 
 fornia.' (It also included New Mexico and the State of 
 Tamaulipas.) 'They gave special directions for the estab- 
 lishment and government of the new pueblos, declared 
 that there should be assigned to them four square leagues 
 of land, and provided for the distribution of the building 
 and farming lost to settlers, the laying out of pasture 
 lands and lands from which a revenue was to be derived, 
 and for the appropriation of the residue to the use of the 
 inhabitants.' These royal instructions did not attempt to 
 confer any right to lands on pueblos or towns then in ex- 
 istence. But if the town of Santa Fe had a grant to the 
 four square leagues claimed, the undisputed facts of this 
 case show that all the land granted to other parties by the 
 Spanish Government within the limits of the four leagues 
 should be excluded from the decree. As before stated, no 
 allotments of lands were ever made to the settlers. The 
 four leagues were never surveyed or set apart to the town. 
 The legal title, with full power to dispose of the land, re- 
 mained in the sovereign. {Townsend vs. Greely, 5 "Wall., 
 326-338 ; Alexander vs. Rowlett, 13 Wall., 388 ; U. S. vs. 
 Pico, 5 Wall., 540; Hurt vs. Burnett, 15 California, 530, 
 20 id., 480 ; Puehlo Case, 4 Sawyer, 566 ; Brownsville vs. 
 Cavazos, 100 U. S., 138; Grisar vs. McDowell, 6 Wall., 
 379; Hall's Mexican Law, Sec. 122, p. 53.) 
 
 "It was the policy of the Spanish Government to en-
 
 220 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 courage the settlement of new towns and pueblos by giv- 
 ing to them, and the inhabitants thereof, certain rights 
 and easements to large quantities of land outside of the 
 small lots to be assigned to the settlers and to which they 
 obtained a fee simple title by four years' use and occupa- 
 tion. It must, however, have been well understood by the 
 authorities of such towns and pueblos and the inhabitants 
 thereof that the Government reserved the right to sell or 
 otherwise dispose of such lands, except the small allot- 
 ments to the inhabitants and the necessary ground for 
 plaza, streets, corporation buildings, etc. In 1808, a gen- 
 eral law was promulgated, which provided that all the un- 
 occupied town or pueblo land should either be sold, mort- 
 gaged, or set apart to soldiers as pensions. 
 
 ' ' No question was ever made as to the power of the Gov- 
 ernment to dispose of such land. {Hall's Mexican Law, 
 Sees. 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, and 99.) 
 
 "Mexico succeeded to the rights of the Spanish Gov- 
 ernment in all such town or pueblo land, and provided for 
 a sale of the same in 1856. {Hall's Mexican Law, Sec. 140, 
 p. 56. ) The right of the Republic of Mexico to so dispose 
 of such land has not been questioned, so far as I know. In 
 the case of Grisar vs. McDowell, supra, in speaking of the 
 rights of the city of San Francisco to the four square 
 leagues claimed, Mr. Justice Field said: 'Until the lands 
 were assigned and measured off, the right or claim of the 
 pueblo was an imperfect one. It was a right which the 
 Government might refuse to recognize at all, or might 
 recognize in a qualified form; it might be burdened with 
 conditions, and it might be restricted to less limits than 
 four square leagues, which was the usual quantity as- 
 signed. Even after assignment the interest acquired by 
 the pueblo was far from being an indefeasible estate, such 
 as is known to our laws. The purpose to be accomplished 
 by the creation of pueblos did not require their possession 
 of the fee. The interest, as we had occasion to observe 
 in the case already cited, amounted to little more than a 
 restricted and qualified right to alienate portions of the 
 land to its inhabitants for building or cultivation, and to 
 use the remainder for commons and for pasture lands, or 
 as a source of revenue, or for other public purposes. And 
 this limited right of disposition and use was, in all par- 
 ticulars, subject to the control of the Government of the 
 country. '
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OP NEW MEXICO 221 
 
 ' ' There is no occasion in this case to indulge in any pre- 
 sumption as to the power or authority of the Spanish gov- 
 ernment of New Mexico to make grants to the public lands 
 subsequent to 1754. Article 12 of the royal regulations, 
 issued October 15th, 1751, expressly confers power on the 
 governors of the distant provinces to approve grants to 
 land. (White's Recop., vol. 2, p. 66.) 
 
 "The grants introduced as evidence in this cause, to 
 land within the four square leagues claimed by the city, 
 are from the archives of the surveyor-general's office and 
 seem to be in all respects regular. The archive evidence 
 further shows that the grantees were put in juridical pos- 
 session of the land granted by the proper officer without 
 objection or injury to third parties, and in some cases the 
 proof shows that valuable improvements have been made 
 on the land ; with continued possession of nearly one hun- 
 dred years there never was at any time objection made by 
 the town authorities, either to the making of the grants or 
 possession under them. 
 
 "One of the exhibits in evidence shows that the town 
 council of Santa Fe petitioned the governor for a grant of 
 land now within the city limits, and that a grant was 
 made by the governor to it for the land asked for. 
 
 "The ancient pueblo is estopped under the facts in this 
 case from setting up claim to the lands granted by the 
 governors of New Mexico to individuals within the four 
 square leagues. (Henshaw vs. Bissell, 18th Wall., 255 ; 
 93 U. S., 326; 100 U. S., 598; 102 U. S., 68; 13 How., 
 307), and the present city of Santa Fe, as its successor, 
 is also estopped. 
 
 "But it is quite clear, from the exhibits in evidence, 
 that the corporate authorities of the ancient town or pu- 
 eblo did not claim any right to four leagues of land by 
 virtue of a grant or supposed grant to it, and it is equally 
 clear that the officials of the Spanish Government who 
 had authority to dispose of the public domain did not 
 understand that the pueblo was entitled to any such 
 quantity of land. Under the provisions of the act of 
 March 3, 1851, in relation to the settlement of private 
 land claims in California, the board of commissioners, by 
 the 14th section of the act, was authorized, when the ex- 
 istence of a city, town, or village, was shown to be in 
 existence on the 7th day of July, 1846, to presume, prima 
 facie, a grant to such town, city, or village. The board
 
 222 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 was also authorized to take jurisdiction of any claim to 
 land, whether legal or equitable, and to confirm such 
 claim, etc. (9 Statutes, pp. 630-631.) It was under the 
 provisions of that act that the city of San Francisco, as 
 a successor to a pueblo, presented her claim for four 
 square leagues to said board for confirmation. The pueblo 
 under which the city claimed was a Mexican town settled 
 in 1835, and under the royal instruction of 1789 had some 
 rights in the quantity of land claimed. The real question 
 in the case, out of which so much litigation arose, was in 
 regard to the pueblo's title to the land at the date of the 
 change of flag. It was conceded that the act was broad 
 enough to authorize the board of commissioners to con- 
 vert any sort of a claim or easement to land into a legal 
 estate. But inasmuch as the United States had appro- 
 priated a portion of the land claimed by the city prior 
 to March 3, 1851, it became important to ascertain the 
 pueblo right to the land under the law of Mexico and 
 the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The board of commis- 
 sioners confirmed to the city the greater portion of the 
 land claimed for the use and benefit of the inhabitants of 
 the city, and the district court approved the decree of the 
 commissioners. This decree vested in the city the legal 
 title to the land claimed for the use and benefit of the in- 
 habitants. Before the cause was finally disposed of in 
 the district court, congress passed an act transfeiTing the 
 record and proceedings to the circuit court for the district 
 of California. The circuit court modified the decree of the 
 district court by excluding from it all lands disposed of by 
 former governments or appropriated by the United 
 States. (4 Sawyer, pp. 566-7.) 
 
 ' ' In 1855, the common council of the city of San Fran- 
 cisco passed what is called the Van Ness ordinance, which 
 provided for an adjustment of the claims of the inhab- 
 itants and the city to the lands which had been con- 
 firmed. This ordinance was subsequently ratified by the 
 legislature of the State. But notwithstanding the hold- 
 ing of the board of commissioners and the district and 
 circuit court and the action of the common council, con- 
 gress on the 8th day of March, 1866 (while said pueblo 
 case was still pending in the court), passed a special act 
 to quiet the title to the land claimed by the city of San 
 Francisco, imposing certain conditions and limitations. 
 {Statutes 1865-6, p. 4.)
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 223 
 
 "After the passage of this act the question of the char- 
 acter of the city's title at the date of the treaty came be- 
 fore the supreme court of the United States in the case 
 of Grisar vs. McDowell, 6 Wall., 363. 
 
 ' ' The plaintiff in the case claimed as seized in fee, under 
 the title from the city of San Francisco ; the defendant 
 claimed possession as an officer of the United States, set- 
 ting up that the property was public property of the 
 United States reserved for military purposes. Mr. Justice 
 Field, who decided the pueblo case (4 Sawyer, 566-7), 
 delivered the opinion of the court, and discussed with 
 great ability all the questions growing out of or connected 
 with the claims of the city to the land in controversy. 
 
 ' ' It was again held by the court that the legal title to the 
 land claimed by the defendant passed to the United States 
 from Mexico under the treaty of 1848, and was a part of 
 the public domain of the United States, and having been 
 appropriated by the United States and reserved by the 
 act of 1865-6, never had been the property of the city. 
 The law of nations and the terms of the treaty of 1848, 
 make it the duty of the government to secure to the cit- 
 izens or corporation in the ceded territory such rights to 
 private property as they possessed under the laws of 
 Spain or Mexico at the date of the treaty. Our govern- 
 ments may grant additional rights, but the citizens have 
 no right to demand more. 
 
 "The act of March 3d, 1851, authorized the board of 
 commissioners to confirm to pueblos and towns, for the 
 benefit of the inhabitants thereof, mere easements and usu- 
 fructuary rights to land granted to them by the govern- 
 ment of Spain or Mexico, and by such decree of confirm- 
 ation they acquired the legal title to the land with full 
 power to sell and dispose of the same. This, congress 
 in its sovereign capacity and absolute control over the 
 public domain had a right to do. {Pollard Lesser vs. 
 Polk, 2 Howard, p. 603.) 
 
 "Subdivision one of section 13 of the act of March 3d, 
 1891, is as follows: 'No claim shall be allowed that shall 
 not appear to be upon title lawfully and regularly de- 
 rived from the government of Spain or Mexico, or from 
 any State of the Republic of Mexico having lawful au- 
 thority to make grants to land, and one if not then com- 
 plete and perfect at the date of the acquisition of the 
 territory by the United States, the claimant would have
 
 224 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 had a lawful right to make perfect had the territory not 
 been acquired by the United States. ' It will be seen that 
 this court can not confirm any imperfect or incomplete 
 title which the claimant would not be entitled to have 
 made perfect had the United States not acquired the ter- 
 ritory. Now, as I have shown, the supreme court of the 
 United States has repeatedly held that the title acquired 
 to four square leagues of land by a grant to a pueblo or 
 town is an imperfect one. It follows necessarily that this 
 court has no power to confirm such a title. It is true the 
 right or easement in the land acquired by a pueblo or 
 town may be conferred by a perfect grant to such right 
 or easement, but under the law the right may be term- 
 inated at the will of the sovereign, and such right term- 
 inated at the date of the transfer of sovereignty, as was 
 held by this court in the case of pueblos Zia, Sa7ita Anna, 
 and Jemcz vs. The United States, decided at a former 
 term. For some reason congress did not confer power on 
 this court to convert, by decree of confirmation, easements 
 and usufructuary rights given by the Spanish and Mex- 
 ican governments to pueblos and towns in large tracts of 
 land to be used for the benefit of such pueblos and towns 
 and the inhabitants thereof during the pleasure of the 
 sovereign, into indefeasible estates. There is one other 
 question in the cause which seems to me conclusive against 
 the claim made in the petition to four square leagues of 
 land. The laws of Spain and Mexico granting lands to 
 new pueblos and towns settled by Spaniards do not apply 
 to Indian pueblos and towns nor to old pueblos or towns 
 taken possession of by Spaniards. The law prohibits 
 Spaniards from in any way interfering with the lands, 
 towns, or pueblos occupied by Indians. {White's Recop., 
 vol. 2, pp. 44, 45, and 54.) 
 
 "History informs that 'When the Spaniards first vis- 
 ited Santa Fe in the year 1542 (?) it was a populous In- 
 dian pueblo. It is not known when the Spaniards took 
 possession of it, but it has been the capital of New Mexico 
 since the year 1640. 
 
 " 'It was recaptured by the Indians in 1680, the prin- 
 cipal buildings burned, and the whites driven out. The 
 town was recaptured by the Spaniards in the year 1694.' 
 (The American Cyclopedia, vol. 15, p. 619.) 
 
 "The court confirmed the supposed grant to all the lots 
 within the said four square leagues of land, now held in
 
 ffiT^^^. 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Captain Koque Madrid, 
 re conquistador. 
 
 Facs-mile of Signature of Don Nicolas 
 Ortiz Nino Lrdron de Guevara, re-conquis- 
 tador. 
 
 Facsimile of the Signature of Caiitain Alphorsso Rael de 
 Aguilar, re-conquistador. 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Caiitain Don .fuan de Ulibarri, 
 re-conquistador. 
 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of General Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponce 
 de Leon, (Jovernor and Captain-General, l(i91-1697, 1708-4.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 225 
 
 severalty, to the respective lot holders thereof, holding 
 said lots in privity with said Santa Fe pueblo grant, with- 
 out reference to the date of the claim under which they 
 might hold. No assignment of lots was ever made by the 
 city or pueblo to anyone. The lot claimants under the city 
 are not parties to the suit, and no decree should be en- 
 tered in their favor. 
 
 "A decree should be ordered conferring to the city the 
 land granted to it by the governor of New Mexico, and the 
 plaza, streets, alleys, and other property held by the cor- 
 poration for public purposes, and the petition should be 
 dismissed as to all other claims. The court should ex- 
 amine the grants and evidence filed in support of claims 
 to land within the four square leagues which are sub- 
 mitted with this case, and if such grants are genuine, and 
 the claimants have such an interest as entitles them to 
 prosecute the suit, such grants should be confirmed. 
 
 "W. W. Murray, 
 "Associate Justice." 
 
 The supreme court of the United States, speaking 
 through Mr. Justice White, declares that the origin of the 
 town or city of Santa Fe is obscure, "but the record 
 {United States vs. Santa Fe, 165 U. S., 676), indicates 
 that as early as 1543 the settlement was made by deserters 
 from the Spanish military force under Coronado, who 
 refused to accompany their commander on his return to 
 Mexico, and settled at Santa Fe.'" 
 
 There is not a line of documentary proof in existence 
 which by any possible stretch of the imagination can jus- 
 tify a statement of this sort, coming from the highest 
 judicial tribunal in the United States. 
 
 The Spanish City of Santa Fe was not settled until 
 1605, when it was made the capital of New Mexico by 
 Don Juan de Onate, governor and captain-general of the 
 Province of New Mexico. 
 
 When the court of private land claims was created a 
 petition was filed, under the act of March 3, 1891, creat- 
 ing that court, setting out the existence of the Villa de 
 Santa Fe. In this petition it was declared that prior to 
 the insurrection of 1680, the Villa had received a pueblo 
 grant of four square leagues, the central point of which 
 was in the center of the plaza of the City of Santa Fe; 
 that such grant had been made by the king of Spain ; 
 that juridical possession was given thereunder and that
 
 226 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 such facts were evidenced by a valid testimonio ; that the 
 archives and records of the Villa were destroyed in the 
 Pueblo Rebellion of 1680 and on that account could not 
 be produced. The petition concluded with a prayer for 
 confirmation to the city "in trust for the use and benefit 
 of the inhabitants thereof, and of such grantees and as- 
 signees of parts of the said lands as have derived, or may 
 hereafter acquire by due assignments, allotments, and 
 titles in severalty to said parts respectively. ' ' A demurrer 
 to this petition was filed, giving as grounds that no cause 
 of action had been stated and that it failed to disclose the 
 fact that there were many adverse claimants, under Span- 
 ish grants, to the land sued for, and that such claimants 
 were necessary parties defendant. Thereafter seventeen 
 persons appeared, alleging that they were the holders of 
 Spanish titles to land within the area claimed and that 
 their interests were adverse to the city. An amended pe- 
 tition was filed and these seventeen persons were made 
 defendants. 
 
 The United States government, in its answer, denied 
 the facts as alleged relative to the foundation and organ- 
 ization of the Villa de Santa Fe; it denied also that the 
 Spanish Villa had received title to or was by operation 
 of the Spanish law entitled to claim the four square 
 leagues of land ; the answer averred that title to a large 
 portion of the land embraced within the four square 
 leagues was claimed under Spanish grants by others than 
 the plaintiff, the validity of which claims, however, were 
 not admitted, and that other portions of the four square 
 leagues were in control, occupancy, and possession of the 
 United States for a military post, known as Fort Marcy, 
 for a building known as the ' ' Federal Building, ' ' and for 
 an establishment known as the Indian Industrial School, 
 and that another portion was in possession of the Terri- 
 torial executive officers under the authority of the United 
 States. 
 
 At the hearing before the court of private land claims, 
 the proof established the settlement and organization of 
 the City of Santa Fe. The various grants referred to in 
 the answer of the several defendants were offered in evi- 
 dence and testimony adduced tending to show that they 
 covered territory embraced within the claim to the four 
 leagues, and were, therefore, adverse to the claims of the 
 city.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 227 
 
 There was no evidence introduced showing that La Villa 
 de Santa Fe, in any of its forms of organization under the 
 Spanish government, or that the City of Santa Fe itself, 
 had ever possessed the four square leagues to which it as- 
 serted title, or that any lot-holder in the city claimed to 
 own or hold by virtue of any title derived under the sup- 
 posed right of the city. There was an entire absence of 
 proof showing that any right by possession or otherwise 
 within the area claimed was held under or by virtue of 
 the implied grant of four square leagues upon which the 
 city relied. On the contrary there was proof that in 1715 
 the city of Santa Fe petitioned for a grant of a tract of 
 swamp land situate within the boundaries of the four 
 square leagues. 
 
 The decision of the court of private land claims was 
 favorable to the contention of the City of Santa Fe. The 
 United States appealed to the supreme court of the United 
 States, where the decree of the court of private land claims 
 was reversed and the cause remanded with instructions to 
 dismiss the petition. The supreme court held that "Un- 
 der the act of March 3, 1891, it must appear, in order to 
 the confirmation of a grant by the court of private land 
 claims, not only that the title was lawfully and regularly 
 derived, but that, if the grant were not complete and per- 
 fect, the claimant could by right and not by grace, have 
 demanded that it should be made perfect by the former 
 government, had the territory not been acquired by the 
 United States. 
 
 "Although the act of 1891, in section 11, authorized a 
 town presenting a claim for a grant to represent the claim 
 of lot-holders to lots within the town, this provision does 
 not override the general requirements of the statute as to 
 the nature of the claim to title which the court is author- 
 ized to confirm. The difference between the act of 1891 
 and the California act of 1851 . . . accentuates the in- 
 tention of congress to confine the authority conferred by 
 the later act to narrower limits than those fixed by the 
 act of 1851. The act of 1851 authorized the adjudication 
 of claims to land by virtue of any 'right' or 'title' de- 
 rived from the Spanish government, and conferred the 
 power in express language on the board and court to pre- 
 sume a grant in favor of a town. The act of 1891 not 
 only entirely omits authority to invoke this presumption, 
 but, as we have seen, excludes by express terms any claim,
 
 228 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 the completion of which depended upon the mere grace or 
 favor of the government of Spain or Mexico, and of the 
 United States as the successor to the rights of those gov- 
 ernments. 
 
 "The petition is framed upon the theory merely of a 
 right to four square leagues, vested in the city by opera- 
 tion of law, and as the record contains no proof whatever 
 as to the possessory claims of lot-holders in the city of 
 Santa Fe, or as to the actual possession enjoyed by that 
 city of public places, these latter rights, if any, as well as 
 the asserted title of the city to the swamp tract to which 
 reference has been made in the course of this opinion, are 
 not to be controlled by the rejection now made of the pre- 
 tensions of the city to a title to the four square leagues 
 tract asserted to have been acquired by operation of 
 Spanish laws." 
 
 The claim of the City of Santa Fe having thus been de- 
 cided adversely by the highest tribunal in the United 
 States, the Congress of the United States, afterward, with 
 certain provisions protecting the rights of the government 
 to certain areas occupied by it, passed an act by which a 
 grant was made to the City of Santa Fe — the lot-holders 
 — and deeds were subsequently made by the city to those 
 holding possession of the tracts and lots within the area 
 granted by the government. 
 
 Hall, Mexican Latv, p. 51, on the Limits of Pueblos, 
 says: "There never existed any general law fixing four 
 square leagues as the extent of pueblos or towns. That 
 extent of land was assigned to pueblos founded by con- 
 tractors for Spaniards, by law 6, title 5, book 4, of the 
 Laws of the Indies. Those formed by the government 
 independent of contractors, w^ere only limited by the dis- 
 cretion of the governors of the provinces, and viceroys, 
 subject to the approval or disapproval by the King. There 
 are numerous pueblos in Mexico which have less and many 
 that have more than four square leagues." 
 
 817 VILLA NUEVA de SANTA CRUZ. 1696. 
 
 Settlement of nineteen families in said place by order of 
 Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponce de Leon. 
 
 Santa Cruz was re-settled April 12, 1695. The Indians 
 who had moved thither from Galisteo were deprived of 
 their houses and lands and a grant made to the Spaniards. 
 
 At the time of the re-conquest, before a definitive title
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 229 
 
 to the public lands passed against the crown, the acts of 
 the colonial officers required royal confirmation. How- 
 ever, this system must have been modified, for on Novem- 
 ber 24, 1735, we find a royal cedula wherein it requires 
 that all grants be referred to him specially for confirma- 
 tion; thus indicating that before that time some other 
 royal official had that power. 
 
 The royal instructions of 1754, October 15, among other 
 things recited that "the holders of land sold or adjusted 
 by the several deputies from the year 1700 up to the pres- 
 ent time, shall not be molested, interfered with, nor de- 
 nounced, now, nor at any time, if it appears they have 
 been confirmed by my royal person, or by the viceroys and 
 presidents of the Audiencias of the several districts in the 
 time when this requirement was in force; but those who 
 hold them without this necessary requisite shall apply for 
 the confirmation thereof to the Audiencias in their dis- 
 trict and to the other officers to whom the power is given 
 by these new instructions, who, in view of the proceedings 
 had by the deputies, in their order in regard to the sur- 
 vey and valuation of such lands and of the title issued by 
 them, shall examine as to whether the sale or composition 
 is made without fraud or collusion and at appropriate 
 and equitable prices, with the presence and hearing of the 
 Attorneys General, so that, with attention to everything, 
 and if it appears that the price of the sale and composi- 
 tion and the corresponding half annata tax have been paid 
 into the royal depositories, and after performing what- 
 ever pecuniary service appears necessary, they may issue 
 to them in my royal name the confirmation of their royal 
 titles with which they will be established in the possession 
 and dominion of such lands, waters, or wild lands, and 
 neither the holders nor their general or individual suc- 
 cessors shall at any time be molested therein." 
 
 818 VILLA NUEVA de SANTA CRUZ. 1696. 
 
 Petition of Inhabitants in regard to change of place on 
 account of poisonous herbs which kill their stock. Don 
 Diego De Vargar Bapata Lujan Ponce de Leon, Gov- 
 ernor. Martin Urioste; Alphonso Rael de Aguilar; Do- 
 mingo de la Barreda, Secretary of Government and War. 
 This grant was confirmed by the court of private land 
 claims and surveyed for an area of more than 4,500 acres. 
 It lies south of the grant to the pueblo of San Juan.
 
 230 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 819 ANTONIO de SILVA. Grant. 1699. Land in Santa 
 
 Cruz. 
 
 Re-validation made by Pedro Rodriguez Cubero of the 
 same made by his predecessor, Don Diego de Vargas, Gov- 
 ernor, Testimonio certified by Antonio Aguilera Isassi, 
 Alcalde. 
 
 820 TOMAS PALOMINO to Antonio de Silva. Santa Fe. 
 1699. 
 
 Exchange of lands. Testimonio. Certified by Antonio 
 Aguilera Isassi, Alcalde. 
 
 821 BARTOLOME LOVATO to Pedro de Sandoval. Santa 
 
 Fe. 1701. 
 
 House and lands. Joseph Rodriguez, Alcalde. Diego de 
 Belasco. 
 
 822 JACINTO SANCHEZ. Grant. 1703-1704. 
 
 Lands near the pueblo of Cochiti. El Marques de la 
 Nava y Brazinas, Governor. Annulled. Majada Tract, 
 q. V. 
 
 Petition by Jacinto Sanchez, asking for a grant of a 
 tract of land opposite the pueblo of Cochiti, which tract 
 had belonged to Cristobal Pontes before the revolution 
 (1680) and of which subsequently a grant had been made 
 to Sanchez by Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero, which grant 
 Sanchez had lost. 
 
 The grant asked for was made by the Marques de la 
 Nava de Brazinas (Diego de Vargas), on December 23, 
 1703, and the chief alcalde, Manuel Baca, was ordered to 
 give the possession. 
 
 Subsequently, after the receipt of a letter from the 
 Reverend Father Juan Alvarez, setting forth the request 
 of the Indians of Cochiti that the grant which had been 
 made should be recalled, the governor made an additional 
 order to the efl'ect that the grant made to Sanchez should 
 be understood as applying only to what had legally been 
 the tract owned by Fontes, and that in giving the posses- 
 sion of the tract no injury should be done to the Indians. 
 
 This document does not contain any evidence of the 
 giving of possession. 
 
 The governor's additional decree is dated January 11, 
 1704.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 231 
 
 823 LORENZO de MADRID. 1704-05. 
 
 Question of lands with the convent of San Juan. El 
 Marques de la Nava de Brazinas. Pedi'o Rodriguez de 
 Cubero. 
 
 It is stated that the Marques de la Naba de Brazinas 
 died on April 8, 1704; that twenty-one frayles (Re- 
 ligious) gave up their lives in the revolution of 1680 and 
 five in that of 1696. 
 
 824 BARTOLOME SANCHEZ. 
 
 Grant. Land on the Chama near Santa Clara. Santa Fe. 
 1707. Made by Francisco Cubero y Valdes, Governor. 
 Possession given by Juan Roque Gutierres, Alcalde. 
 
 Bartolome Sanches Grant. R. No. 264. 
 
 This grant was confirmed by the court of private land 
 claims and according to the survey has an area of 4,400 
 acres. It lies along the western and southern sides of the 
 San Juan Pueblo Grant, west of the Rio Grande ; its south 
 boundary is the grant to the pueblo of Santa Clara. 
 
 825 ANDR£:S MONTOYA and Antonia Lucero de Godoy, 
 
 his wife, to Bernardino de Sena. Santa Fe, 1710. 
 
 Land on the other side of the Rio de Santa Fe. Diego 
 Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. Manuel de Servantes. 
 
 826 SEBASTIAN de MONDRAGON to Bernardino de 
 
 Sena. Santa Fe. 1710. 
 
 Donation. Land. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. Man- 
 uel de Servantes. Xptobal de Gongora, Secretario de 
 Cabildo. 
 
 827 BARTOLOME SANCHEZ. 
 
 Re-validation of a grant on the Chama. El Marques de la 
 Peiiuela, Governor. No. 824, q. v. 
 
 828 PASCUAL TRUXILLO to Pedro Sanchez. Santa Fe. 
 
 1713. 
 
 Rancho in the Canada. Jacinto Sanches, Alcalde. Juan 
 de Atienza Alcala; Francisco de la Mora. 
 
 "Pedro Sanchez, a native of this kingdom, and a resi- 
 dent of the town of Santa Cruz, in the most approved 
 manner prescribed by law, and most convenient to my- 
 self, appear before your excellency, representing that, 
 whereas I have to support twelve children and three or- 
 phan nephews who are without father or mother, three
 
 232 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 female servants, and, with my wife, will make, in all, the 
 number of twenty persons, and having a piece of land 
 acquired by purchase, which is so small that I am com- 
 pelled to borrow lands from my other immediate neigh- 
 bors in order to extend my crops every year, and even in 
 this manner I cannot support myself, nor can I maintain 
 on said land a few sheep and four cows and some mares 
 and horses, all of which are necessary to the support of 
 so large a family, and which are poor for the want of 
 pasture, and suffer a great many wants, and in order to 
 supply them I have deemed proper to register and do 
 register a piece of land on the other side of the river Del 
 Norte, uncultivated and abandoned, and as such, unoccu- 
 pied, there being no one having any claim thereto; the 
 boundaries being on the north the lands enjoyed by right 
 by the Indians of the pueblo of San Ildefonso, on the 
 south the lands of Captain Andres Montoya, on the east 
 the Del Norte river, and on the west the Rocky Moun- 
 tains ; and, imploring the royal aid of your excellency, as 
 a loyal subject of his Majesty, in view of all that I have 
 stated, I pray and request that you be pleased to grant 
 me said land in the name of his Majesty (whom may God 
 preserve), in order that I may settle upon it so soon as 
 the alcalde himself of Santa Cruz places me in possession, 
 all of which I expect from the charity and justice of your 
 excellency, and I swear by God, our Father, and the sign 
 of the most holy cross, that my petition is not made in 
 malice, but of absolute necessity, and whatever may be 
 necessary, etc. Pedro Sanchez" [rubric] 
 
 829 ANTONIO de SALAZAR. 
 
 Grant. 1714. Reported Claim No. 132, q. v. 
 
 Was rejected by the court of private land claims. 
 
 830 CRISTOBAL de la SERNA. 
 
 Grant. 1715. Reported Claim No. 109. 
 
 831 JUAN GARCIA de NORIEGA to Salvador de Santie- 
 stevan. Santa Fe, 1715. 
 
 House and land. Juan Garcia de la Rivas, Alcalde. An- 
 tonio Duran de Armijo ; Juan Manuel Chirinos. 
 
 832 MIGUEL DURAN to Domingo Martin Serrano. Santa 
 Fe, 1715. 
 
 House and land.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 233 
 
 833 BARTOLOME SANCHEZ. Santa Fe, 1716. 
 
 Testimomo of his grant in La Canada de Santa Cruz. 
 No. 824, 827, q. v. Juan Garcia de la Rivas, Alcalde. 
 
 834 BARTOLOME SANCHEZ. Santa Fe, 1716. 
 
 Complaint against Salvador de Santistevan. Bartolome 
 Lobato; Nicolas Griego; Xptobal Crespin; Juan de Mes- 
 tas. In the matter of their occupancy of his grant. Nos. 
 824, 827, and 833, q. v. No final action. Phelix Martinez, 
 Governor. Nos. 167, 170, 433, 435, 436, and 437, q. v. 
 
 835 FRANCISCO XAVIER ROMERO to Maria de Selor- 
 ga. 1718. 
 
 House and land in La Canada de Santa Cruz. Francisco 
 Bueno de Bohorquez y Corcuera, Alcalde. Juan de Paz 
 Bustillos; Gregorio Garduno; Diego Arias de Quiros. 
 
 836 ANDRES MONTOYA to Bernardino de Sena. Santa 
 Fe, 1723. 
 
 Land on the other side of Rio de Santa Fe. Bohorques, 
 Alcalde. Pedro Lopez Gallardo ; Miguel de Sandoval 
 Martinez; Juan Manuel Chirinos. 
 
 837 JOSEPH DE SANTIESTEVAN and Josepha Montoya, 
 
 Ms wife, to Bernardo de Sena. Santa Fe, 1725. 
 
 Lands. Miguel Joseph de la Vega y Coca, Alcalde. Juan 
 Joseph Lobato ; Juan Manuel Chirinos. 
 
 The Cuyamungue Grant, Reported No. 64, was known 
 as the Bernardo de Sena Grant. 
 
 "When this grant was first surveyed, in 1877, there was 
 a conflict between the survey and those of the grants to 
 the pueblos of Nambe and Pojoaque. The grant was 
 never confirmed by Congress, but the title was confirmed 
 by the court of private land claims October 24, 1895. The 
 case was appealed to the supreme court of the United 
 States, where the decision was reversed, a new survey or- 
 dered and a new decree was entered. By this the conflicts 
 were removed. The Cuyamungue is bounded on the north 
 by the Pojoaque and the Nambe grants and on the south 
 by the grant to the pueblo of Tesuque. This grant is 
 sometimes called the Bernardo Sena Grant and should not 
 be confused with the Alfonso Rael de Aguilar or Pueblo 
 of Cuyamungue Grant, Reported No. 81, which was re- 
 jected by the court of private land claims.
 
 234 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 838 AGUSTIN SAIS. Intestate. Santa Fe, 1725. 
 
 Inventory of his property. Miguel Joseph de la Vega y 
 Coca, Alcalde. 
 
 839 FRANCISCO RENDON to Antonio Felix Sanches. 
 
 1728. Santa Fe. 
 
 House and lot on the other side of Rio de Santa Fe. 
 Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. Juan Manuel Chirinos. 
 
 840 ANDRES MONTOYA, el viejo, to Bernardino de Sena. 
 
 Santa Fe. 
 
 Land on the other side of the river Santa Fe. 1728. 
 Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. 
 
 841 FRANCISCO de SILVA, Alburquerque, vs. NICOLAS 
 DE CHABES. 1733. 
 
 In the matter of the dower of his wife. Gervasio Cruzat 
 y Gongora, Governor. Juan Gonzales Bas, Alcalde. 
 Bernabe Baca; Nicolas Duran; Francisco Antonio Gon- 
 zales ; Juan Phelipe de Ribera ; Pedro Barela ; Isidro San- 
 chez; Antonio de Chabes; Geronimo Jaramillo. 
 
 842 MARIA SANCHEZ vs. SALVADOR VIGIL. Canada 
 de Santa Cruz, 1734. 
 
 In the matter of land sold by her deceased husband, Juan 
 Ignacio Mestas, to defendant against the will of herself 
 and her minor children. Fernando Chacon, Governor. 
 Josef Andres Galles ; Antonio Jose Ortiz, Alcalde ; Miguel 
 Garcia, Alcalde. 
 
 843 JOSE SANCHES. 
 
 In the matter of the settlement of the estate of his de- 
 ceased father, Jacinto Sanches. Alburquerque, 1735. 
 Juan Gonzales Bas, Alcalde ; Geronimo Xaramillo ; Pedro 
 Barela ; Joseph Gonzales Bas ; Alexandro Gonzales ; Fran- 
 cisco Antonio Gonzales; Juan Julian Gonzales; Juan 
 Julian Gonzales Bas. 
 
 844 LAZARO GARCIA de NORIEGA, as executor of the 
 estate of his deceased father, to Antonio de Santieste- 
 van. Santa Fe, 1739. 
 
 Land on the other side of the Rio Santa Fe. Antonio 
 Montoya, Alcalde ; Baltazar Montoya ; Gregorio Gardufio.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 235 
 
 845 JOSEPH SALAS vs. MARIA de SILBA. Fuenclara, 
 
 1745. 
 
 Trespass. Joachin Codallos y Rabal, Governor. Joseph 
 Baca, Alcalde. 
 
 846 MARIA GOMEZ ROBLEDO, widow, and Bernardo de 
 Sena, executors of Diego Arias de Quiros to Manuel 
 Sanz de Garvisu. Santa Fe, 1738. 
 
 House and lands. Joachin Codallos y Rabal, Governor. 
 Phelipe Jacobo de Vnuane ; Francisco Ortiz ; Joseph Romo 
 de Vera. 
 
 On the first page a house is described as being '^con- 
 tiguous to the tower of the Palace." The boundaries de- 
 scribed on the following page show that this tower was 
 on the east end of the building. 
 
 847 MIGUEL MARTIN SERRANO vs. LOS VALDESES. 
 Ahiquiu, 1746. 
 
 Joachin Codallos y Rabal, Governor. Vincente Ginzo Ron 
 y Thobar; Juan de Beytia, Alcalde; Francisco Gomez del 
 Castillo. 
 
 848 PUEBLO de NUESTRA SENORA de los DOLORES 
 DE SANDIA. 1748. 
 
 Proceedings in the establishment of the Mission, etc. Joa- 
 chin Codallos y Rabal, Governor. Bernardo Antonio de 
 Bustamante, Alcalde (Tagle) ; Isidro Sanchez Tagle; Pr. 
 Juan Miguel Menchero. 
 
 Petition by Friar Juan Miguel Menchero to Governor 
 Joaquin Codallos y Rabal, asking that lands be distributed 
 to the Moqui Indians who had been srathered together 
 with a view to the reestablishment of the puehlo of San- 
 dia; that the boundaries of the puehlo lands be deter- 
 mined ; that certain lands which had been granted to 
 Spaniards within the boundaries desired by the Indians 
 be declared to belong to the latter, and that the Spaniards 
 be given lands elsewhere, etc., etc. 
 
 The foregoing petition was presented to the governor 
 on April 5, 1748, together with a communication from the 
 viceroy of New Spain in regard to the reestablishment of 
 the mission. The governor thereupon commissioned Don 
 Bernardo de Bustamante to go to Sandia and examine the 
 tract needed for the reestablishment of the new puehlo, 
 and to distribute the lands, waters, pastures, etc., neces-
 
 236 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 sary for the use of the Indians, setting forth the bound- 
 aries, and giving the royal possession to the missionary 
 who might be appointed to manage the pueblo. He 
 further directed that for the time being the pueblo of 
 Sandia should be attached to Alburquerque, for judicial 
 purposes, and subject to the control of the chief alcalde 
 of that town in such matters. The alcaldes of the 
 various towns were directed to see to it that the Moqui 
 Indians who might be residing in their respective districts 
 should assemble as soon as possible at Sandia, where 
 construction of the new pueblo was to be begun by the 
 beginning of the month of May. 
 
 On May 14, 1748, Bustamante, who was at Sandia on 
 that date, caused to appear before him three Spaniards, 
 Antonio de Salazar, Joseph Jaramillo, and Salvador Jara- 
 millo, who apparently were the owners of land on the 
 west side of the Rio del Norte (Rio Grande) and opposite 
 the site of Sandia. Bustamante explained to these men 
 that the law allowed the Indians to have a league in each 
 direction from their pueblo, but that he would not 
 measure the league toward the west (which, doubtless, 
 would have included the lands occupied by the Span- 
 iards), but in consideration of this the Spaniards would 
 have to consent to the Indians grazing their stock west 
 of the river on the Spaniards' pasture lands. To this they 
 agreed in the presence of witnesses. 
 
 On May 16, 1748, Bustamante called together the own- 
 ers of lands adjoining those of the Indians on the north 
 and south, and asked them whether they had any objec- 
 tions to make to the giving of possession to the Indians as 
 had been ordered by the governor. They replied that not- 
 withstanding the fact that the measurements included 
 some lands granted to them and others purchased by 
 them, they would give them up without controversy, be- 
 cause of the orders proceeding from superior authority, 
 but they would take legal steps to protect their rights. 
 Bustamante then proceeded to give to the new pueblo and 
 mission the name of Nuestra Seiiora de los Dolores y San 
 Antonio de Sandia, after which he placed the Indians and 
 their pastor. Friar Juan Joseph Hernandez, in possession 
 of the lands. 
 
 In making the measurement toward the west (presum- 
 ably from the site of the new pueblo) to the Rio del 
 Norte, there were only 1,440 varas, or 3,560 varas less than 
 a league.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 237 
 
 Bustamante says that in order to make up the distance 
 which was lacking in this measurement, it became neces- 
 sary to increase in an equal degree the measurements to- 
 ward the north and south. He further states that he or- 
 dered landmarks of mud and stone, as high as a man, 
 with wooden crosses on top of them, to be placed at the 
 following places : On the north opposite the end of what 
 was commonly called the Caiiada del Agua, on the south 
 opposite the mouth of the Caiiada de Juan Taboso, and on 
 the east the main mountain range called Sandia. 
 
 The new puchlo was settled by 350 persons, counting 
 adults and children, 
 
 849 MARIA TRUXILLO to Antonio Salazar. Corral de 
 Piedras, 1750. 
 
 Land. Juan Jose Lobato, Alcalde. Juan Joseph Jaques. 
 
 850 MARIA DE SERNA and Jacinto Martin, her husband 
 
 to the Heirs of Sebastiana de Serna. Villa Nueva de 
 
 Santa Cruz. 1751. 
 
 Land inherited from Roque Madrid, her grandfather. 
 Juan Joseph Lovato, Alcalde. Antonio Martin. 
 
 851 CLEMENTE MONTOYA to Antonio Sandoval. San 
 
 Antonio de Padua del Pueblo Quemado. 1752. 
 
 Land in this Grant. Juan Joseph Sandoval, Alcalde. 
 Alonzo Sandoval. 
 
 852 MARIA de HERRERA to Francisco Saes (Zaes and 
 also Sais). Santa Cruz del Ojo Caliente. 
 
 Donation of house and lands. Juan Joseph Lobato, Al- 
 calde. Juan Manuel Dias del Castillo, Vicente Apodaca, 
 Jose Martin. 
 
 853 MARIA de HERRERA, widow of Captain Antonio 
 
 Martin, to Gregorio Sandobal. Santa Cruz del Ojo 
 
 Caliente, 1753. 
 
 Donation of house, lot and lands. Juan Jose Lobato. 
 Alcalde. Francisco Saes. 
 
 854 MARIA MAGDALENA de MEDINA, wife of Juan de 
 Ledesma, absent in Sonora, to Maria Francisca de 
 Sena. Santa Fe, 1753.
 
 238 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Land in Tesuque. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Man- 
 uel Bernardo Garvisu. Santa Fe, 1763. Partition of the 
 above land by Manuel Gallego, Alcalde. Between Fran- 
 cisco de Sena and Maria Tomasa de Sena, minor heirs. 
 Vicente Sena, Antonio Abad Armenta. 
 
 855 MIGUEL de DIOS SANDOVAL. 
 
 Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Geronimo Esquibel. 
 
 856 JUANA SISNEROS. 
 
 Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 857 SANTIAGO de ROYBAL, Vicario y Juez Eclesiastico, 
 to Phelipe de Sandoval Fernandez de la Pedrera. San- 
 ta Fe, 1756. 
 
 Donation of a flour mill called Molino de San Francisco 
 on the Rio de Santa Fe above the city. Francisco Guer- 
 rero, Alcalde. Bernardo Manuel Garvisu, Lucas Moya. 
 
 858 FERNANDO ROMERO to Phelipe de Sandobal Fer- 
 nandez de la Pedrera. 
 
 Land in Santa Fe, 1756. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 Lucas Moya. 
 
 859 MARCELA TRUGILLO to Phelipe de Sandoval Fer- 
 nandez de la Pedrera, 1758. 
 
 Land on the Rio de Santa Fe above the city. Francisco 
 Guerrero, Alcalde. Manuel Bernardo Garvisu. 
 
 860 BERNARDINO de SENA. 
 
 Will, Sa7ita Fe, 1765. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Tomas 
 Antonio Sena. 
 
 The testator requests that his remains be buried in the 
 "Capilla de Senor San Miguel." 
 
 861 HEIRS of Lucia Gomez Robledo : 
 
 Antonio Sandobal, Maria Francesca Kael, Nicolas Rael de 
 Aguilar, Melchora Sandoval, Juan Sandobal, and Phelipe 
 de Sandobal Fernandez to Andres de Sandobal. Santa 
 Fe, 1758. Land on right side of the Rio Santa Fe. Fran- 
 cisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Jose Miguel de la Pena. 
 
 862 ROSALIA de GILTOMEY to Antonio de Sena. Santa 
 
 Fe, 1760. 
 
 Land. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Juan Esteban Baca.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 239 
 
 863 MARIA FRANCISCA de SENA, widow of Joche Mo- 
 reno. Intestate. Santa Fe, 1763. 
 
 Proceedings in the settlement of her estate. Santa Barbara 
 de la junta de los Bios. Manuel Gallego, Alcalde. Jo- 
 seph Miguel Gardufio, Nicolas Rael de Aguilar, Vicente 
 Sena, Antonio de Beytia, Juan Rafael Pineda, Tomas de 
 Armijo, Carlos Joseph Mirabal. 
 
 SANTA BARBARA GRANT. No. 114. 
 
 This grant was surveyed in 1879 for over 18,000 acres. It 
 joins the Pueblo of Picuries Grant on the east. The title 
 was confirmed by the court of private land claims and un- 
 der the decree and survey it was found that the area is 
 31,000 acres. The grant was patented May 5, 1905. 
 
 864 FRANCISCO and MARIA PAULA SANCHES vs. 
 
 JOSEPH SANCHES, Executor of Jacinto Sanches. 
 
 Canada de Santa Cruz, 1763. 
 
 Claim to property under will of said Jacinto, their grand- 
 father. Tomas Veles Cachupin, Governor. Antonio Baca, 
 Alcalde. No final action. 
 
 865 TOMAS SENA. Bartolome Fernandez. Manuel Du- 
 
 ran y Chaves. Santa Fe, 1763. 
 
 Registration of a mine. Tomas Veles Cachupin, Gover- 
 nor. Manuel Antonio Lorenz. 
 
 ^Q SIMON SEGURA. 
 
 Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Juan Cayetano Vnaue. 
 
 867 ISABEL LUJAN, wddow of Juan Lucero de Godoy, to 
 
 Juana de la Cruz Sanz de Garvisu. Santa Fe, 1766. 
 
 Donation of land in Santa Fe. Francisco Guerrero, Al- 
 calde. Juan Antonio Alari, Francisco Xavier Fragoso, 
 Geronimo Esquibel. 
 
 868 SANTIAGO de ROYBAL, Vicario y Juez Eclesiastico 
 
 to Antonio de Sandobal. Santa Fe, 1766. 
 
 Donation of a rancho between Los Palacios and Cien- 
 eguilla, said rancho having been acquired by purchase 
 from Bartholo Gutierrez. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 Lucas Manuel de Alcala, Juan Francisco Niiio Ladron de 
 Guebara.
 
 240 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 869 INHABITANTS OF SABINAL vs. INHABITANTS 
 
 OF BELEN. 
 
 Question of pastures and waters, 1767. Don Tomas 
 Veles Cachupin, Governor and Captain-General. 
 
 870 PEDRO MARTIN SERRANO. 
 
 Will. Corral de Piedra. 1768. This man was the 
 grantee of the Piedra Liimbre Grant. Antonio Joseph 
 Garcia de la Mora, Alcalde. 
 
 871 JULIANA DE SANDOBAL, wife of Miguel Tafoya, vs. 
 
 Lugarda Tafoya. Santa Fe, 1768. 
 
 Question of lands. Don Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta, 
 Governor. Nicolas Ortiz, Teniente General. 
 
 872 ANTONIO de SALAZAR. Alburquerqiie, 1768. 
 
 In the matter of the settlement of his estate. Francisco, 
 Pablo and Cristobal de Salazar, executors and heirs. Joa- 
 quin de Luna, husband of Juana Angela de Salazar, heir. 
 Lands in Corral de Piedra. Don Pedro Fermin de Men- 
 dinueta, Governor and Captain-General. 
 
 873 CRISTOBAL MADRID to Joseph Salazar. 1769. 
 
 House and land in Chama. Antonio Joseph Ortiz, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 874 CAYETANO de ATENCIO to Joseph Salazar. Santa 
 
 Cruz, 1769. 
 
 House and land on the Rio Chama. Antonio Joseph Or- 
 tiz, Alcalde. 
 
 875 JOSEPH and JUAN DURAN Y CHABES. Atrisco, 
 1769. 
 
 Confirmation of a sale of land made to Jacinto Sanches in 
 1757. Confirmed to Feliciana Sanches, daughter of said 
 Jacinto and wife of Joseph Hurtado de Mendoza. Fran- 
 cisco Trebol Navarro, Alcalde. 
 
 876 JUAN JOSEPH DURAN to Pedro Ignacio Sanches. 
 Santa Cruz, 1770. 
 
 Land on the Bio Chama. Salvador Garcia de Noriega, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 877 INHABITANTS OF BELEN. 1776. 
 
 Complaint against settlers coming in from Tome and
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 241 
 
 Sabinal. Don Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta, Governor. 
 Diego de Boriea, Ten'te G'ral, 
 
 878 JUAN CRISTOBAL SANCHES. Tome, 1772. 
 
 Question as to whether he has a right to pasturage in the 
 Nicolas Duran y Chabes Tract. Don Pedro Fermin de 
 Mendinueta, Governor. Reported No. 155, Nicolas Duran 
 y Chaves Grant, q. v. 
 
 879 JUAN CASIMIRO PEREA to Bernardo Sena Maese. 
 1772. Puesto del Pino. 
 
 Land in Santa Fe. Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. 
 
 880 JOSEPH ANTONIO SAIS. Alburquerque. 
 
 Will, 1770. Joseph Apodaca, Alcalde. 
 
 881 MANUEL BACA to Juan Jose Silva. Santa Fe, 1785. 
 
 Land in the Cienega. Antonio Jose Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 882 VILLA NUEVA de SANTA CRUZ. 
 
 Settlement, 1695. Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan 
 Ponce de Leon, Governor and Captain-General. 
 
 "Proceedings had in the new town and settlement 
 founded and called 'The Exaltation of the Cross of the 
 Mexicans of the King our Lord Don Carlos H,' estab- 
 lished and obtained by the efforts of the governor and 
 captain-general of this kingdom of New Mexico, its new 
 restorer and conqueror, Don Diego de Vargas Zapata 
 Lujan Ponce de Leon, a certified copy of the said pro- 
 ceedings having been sent on May 11, of the said year of 
 1695, to his excellency the viceroy, the Conde de Galve. 
 
 "Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponce de Leon, 
 governor and captain-general of this kingdom and pro- 
 vince of New Mexico, its new restorer and conqueror at 
 his own expense, and reconqueror and settler in the same, 
 and castellan of its forces and garrisons, by His Majesty, 
 etc. 
 
 "It being now the time when a fixed place of residence 
 must be given to the families which, on the part of His 
 Majesty our Lord, whom may God preserve, in his royal 
 name, by his excellency the viceroy, the Conde de Galve, 
 over all the kingdom of New Spain governor and captain- 
 general and president of the royal audience and court of 
 the City of Mexico and of all this new world, and with 
 the approval of the royal commission and the ministers
 
 242 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 of the same, have been sent, as well as the others brought 
 by the said governor and captain-general to this king- 
 dom, and all of which are now in this said city, and also 
 as another lot and party are expected, and in order 
 to give them a fixed place of settlement, land for cultiva- 
 tion of their crops, pastures, woods and waters, watering 
 places, commons, and stock ranges, in order that they 
 may have all that they need for raising their large and 
 small stock of all kinds and classes; and I, having been 
 informed of the same, and it being the royal will that I 
 should be placed in charge of the whole in the matter of 
 the location and settlement of the said parties, and that I 
 should procure for such as I considered proper for the 
 service, stability, permanency, security, comfort, and 
 utility, seeking to find the same on lands separate and 
 apart, if possible, from the natives of the tribes and 
 pueblos of this said kingdom and the district of this said 
 city, in order to avoid the troubles and vexations which 
 would arise if they live together with the Spaniards; 
 but, on the contrary, being separated, both would be at 
 peace, and the said natives and Spaniards would live to- 
 gether in concord and harmony, in such manner that by 
 kind and friendly treatment our holy faith might be im- 
 planted among them on a firm basis and vnth the hope 
 that with their example the adjoining barbarous tribes 
 might be converted ; and, with this view, I, the said gov- 
 ernor and captain-general, having to duly carry out the 
 royal will, which the said most excellent viceroy has so 
 frequently and repeatedly communicated to me in the 
 name of His Majesty, I have done what was necessary, 
 and have not only gone over, passed through, and tried 
 the entrances, exits, routes, courses, and distances, par- 
 ticularly and generally, of all this said kingdom, but with 
 an army of the royal forces of His Majesty under my 
 command as far as the last pueblo and tribe of the Taos 
 of this said kingdom and come out at the mouth of the 
 river Chama at the pueblo of San Juan de los Caballeros, 
 distant ten leagues from the said city, and the said ex- 
 aminations having been made as aforesaid by me, the 
 said governor and captain-general, I found that the said 
 place and settlement of the said party and of the other 
 said party that is expected to arrive should be made of 
 lands which belonged to the Spaniards, who abandoned 
 and left them at the time of the general revolution, in
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 243 
 
 the month of August, in the year 'eighty, in this kingdom, 
 at the places and farms extending from this said city of 
 Santa Fe to the pueblo of Tesuque, and those which ex- 
 tend beyond the pueblos of San Ildefonso and Santa 
 Clara, on the other side of the Rio del Norte, and, on this 
 side, those which lie in front of the mesa de San Ildefonso 
 and extend to the road which leads to the said pueblo of 
 San Juan de los Caballeros, and those which extend to 
 the pueblos established on the said farms, which are San 
 Lazaro and San Cristoval, and those which extend from 
 the latter in the direction of the highway which leads to 
 Picuries, to the Caiiada called the Hacienda de Moraga, 
 and the farms of Captains Luis Martin and Juan Ruis, 
 in front of and at the place and tract of land called 
 Chimayo; and in order that they be examined by my 
 lieutenant-governor and captain-general, who is Colonel 
 Luis Granillo, I order him to proceed with Sergeant Ruiz 
 de Cazeres, because he knows the language of the said 
 tribe of the Teguas, to the two pueblos of the Thanos, 
 San Lazaro, and San Cristobal, with Matias Lujan, their 
 alcalde mayor, because he is also an interpreter, to ex- 
 amine in the first place, the said farms and places sep- 
 arately, making a map showing the names of the places 
 and the names of their former owners, the quality of the 
 lands, and the distances, and he will examine personally 
 and wall confer with the above mentioned as to the num- 
 ber of persons who can be settled on the same, giving 
 them lands which they can cultivate and plant advan- 
 tageously and without inconveniencing one another, with 
 notification that the pastures of the tract and limits of 
 each of the said farms shall be in common and not for in- 
 dividuals, and that the stock which each may have in 
 greater or less number may feed on the same, and only 
 in case of there being an equal number will it be per- 
 mitted them to appear in order to petition that no one 
 shall have more stock than another; and in this manner 
 he will make the said demarcation, map, computation, 
 and regulation and in respect to the said two pueblos of 
 San Lazaro and San Cristoval, they having been estab- 
 lished on the farms and lands which absolutely belonged 
 and did belong to the said Spanish residents, who, because 
 of the said general rebellion of the whole of this kingdom 
 in the month of August, of the year 'eighty, abandoned 
 and left them in order to save their lives, and who left
 
 244 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 on their farms their household goods, clothing, wares, 
 grain, growing crops, and stock, all of which were taken 
 possession of by the said rebels; and in view of the fact 
 that the aforesaid, of the said tribe of Thanos, left their 
 pueblos, because of the improvements and the fertility of 
 the lands and the greater security of their lives, and came 
 together with those of the Teguas tribe, who were settled 
 at so short a distance, and took advantage of the occasion 
 to obtain the improvements on the said lands, everything 
 being already completed, those of San Cristoval and 
 those of San Lazaro settled upon them, the lands which 
 the Teguas of the said pueblo of San Juan de los Cabal- 
 leros hold being many, and the number of people of both 
 being small, and it being on the frontier, as it is, and at 
 the entrance of the Apache enemy as well as that of the 
 Ute tribe, they saw fit to admit them and give them the 
 permission, with the general consent of all, to settle, as 
 in effect they did settle and were settled in the said 
 pueblo of San Juan, the land and dwelling houses of 
 which are vacant and standing unoccupied today, be- 
 cause of their having been abandoned only a few years 
 ago on account of their having gone to settle on the lands 
 of the Spaniards, and where they are today living and 
 settled; and whereas I have conferred with the said gov- 
 ernors of the said pueblos in regard to the above reasons 
 and the royal will, and I, the said governor and captain- 
 general, not being informed of the settlement which the 
 said natives of San Lazaro, in the said pueblo of San 
 Juan, had granted and designated to their governor, Don 
 Cristoval Yope, the place of Yunque, in order that they 
 might go there in the coming winter, giving them per- 
 mission and consent to plant the said lands this year, he 
 having a place to go to thereafter with his said people, 
 which number sixteen families, their whole number being 
 one hundred and fifty-five persons, according to what I 
 am informed and as appears by the list of the same made 
 by the reverend father preacher, Brother Antonio Obre- 
 gon, their father minister, doctrinal teacher, and guard- 
 ian; I hereby direct my said lieutenant-general and their 
 said alcalde mayor and interpreter, Matias Lujan, to say 
 and intimate to the said natives and their said governor, 
 Don Cristoval Yope, that they must go to their said land 
 which they have in the said pueblo of San Juan, which 
 they had in the same, as well as the lands which were
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 245 
 
 given and partitioned among them by the natives of the 
 same ; and I direct my said lieutenant-general, if it should 
 be necessary, to go to the said pueblo of San Juan with 
 the said governor, Don Cristoval Yope, and the war cap- 
 tains of the two pueblos being together in the plaza to 
 inform them of my said order by virtue of the said royal 
 will, which is but just and proper with regard to the said 
 Spaniards, and it being neither unjust nor tyrannical to 
 order them to leave the said lands and town founded by 
 them on their said tract when they have and are pro- 
 vided with a safe dwelling on the portion of land which 
 belongs to them as their own in the pueblo of San Juan, 
 and as they also have their lands sufficient, irrigable, and 
 dependent upon the seasons which are well known, and it 
 is not right that injustice and injury should be done to 
 the Spaniards by keeping them out of their said lands 
 known to be theirs, which through the Divine will 
 promise, on account of their fertility, abundant harvests, 
 wherewith to maintain themselves and secure their sup- 
 port, without running the risk of a failure and the loss 
 of their supplies by working new lands; and these (the 
 Spaniards) even at great cost are not yet secure among 
 the said natives, but are discouraged and intimidated, 
 and have not the measure and the amount of their legi- 
 timate value (of the lands), and besides, the risk of a 
 new loss to the royal Crown, and also the labor of work- 
 ing for a year lands wild and unknown, for all of which I, 
 the said governor and captain-general, ought to consider 
 and regard such proper reasons as the near arrival of 
 the above-mentioned lot and branch of the said people 
 and settlers in the said planting season, so as not to have 
 them to break lands, much less not to be troubled with re- 
 gard to their dwelling houses, they having them secured 
 on the said lands and tracts, as well as their acequias open 
 and prepared, wherefore it is not in my power to give 
 permission to the said natives of San Lazaro to plant and 
 cultivate the same for this year, but they, as well as those 
 of the said pueblo, must vacate them, and go to their 
 said piece of land and dwelling houses in the said pueblo 
 of San Juan and on their said lands and there plant their 
 crops, and he will give them time to move without injur- 
 ing or tearing down the said houses of the said tovtai until 
 the moon of the coming month, and he will call upon 
 them to consider their having enjoyed for so many years
 
 246 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 the planting of the said lands as a reason for there being 
 nothing due them on account of their leaving the said 
 town. And with regard to the pueblo of San Cristoval, 
 my said lieutenant-general, together with the said alcalde 
 mayor and interpreter, Matias Lujan, will proceed to the 
 same, and will tell the said governor and captains to go 
 to the said place of Chimayo, where they asked my per- 
 mission to settle, and I will keep my word to them in all 
 things, and if it be ascertained that the said land which 
 they designated and asked for can be planted at once, 
 and he will remind them that I gave the said permission 
 and promise in regard to the said possession with the 
 understanding that the lands should not be such as to re- 
 quire much time to prepare them for planting, and it 
 having been learned that this could readily be done I 
 made them the said grant under the condition that they 
 should at once take possession and establish their settle- 
 ment and plant their crops at the said place; and he will 
 give them also, as a term for leaving and moving from 
 their said town until the moon of the coming month, since 
 they have had time sufficient for the same, and the said 
 Spanish settlers, who have made representation and to 
 whom I have made a grant because of their having al- 
 leged that the said tract and lands were theirs in the 
 said place of Chimayo, shall go with my said lieutenant- 
 general, in order that in the presence of the said gover- 
 nor and the natives of the said pueblo of San Cristoval 
 they shall identify the tract which they have asked for 
 and the lands which I have granted to them, which are 
 from the said pueblo forward and none towards that 
 which they leave and the road which leads to the said 
 pueblo of San Cristoval, since with this specification I 
 made them the said grant; and I inform, direct, and or- 
 der the said Spaniards, through my lieutenant-general, 
 not to have any conflict with the said natives, as my 
 word and the importance of the said compact are superior 
 to the grant which I have made to them, since it is uncer- 
 tain because of having been made on lands designated for 
 the said natives and governor of the said pueblo of San 
 Cristoval, and therefore I will make it up to them in 
 another part and place of equal value; and to the said 
 natives he will make known the said order and will di- 
 rect that they obey, carry out, and execute the same with- 
 in the said term in accordance with the reasons justifying
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 247 
 
 the same set forth, and those of them who may have any 
 complaint may appear before me, the said governor and 
 captain-general, in this city to make the same, and to say 
 to them that I will hear them verbally or in writing, they 
 presenting them through their alcalde mayor and inter- 
 preter, Matias Liijan, and in order that this said order 
 to my said lieutenant may appear, and for the execution 
 of the same I so provided and signed the same with my 
 civil and military secretary, and it is dated in this city 
 of Santa Fe on the eighteenth day of the month of 
 March, of this present year of one thousand six hundred 
 and ninety-five, to whom, on my order, it was delivered 
 in the original in order that it be returned with the report 
 of its execution. 
 
 ' ' Don Diego de Vaegas Zapata Lu jan Ponze de Leon 
 
 [rubric] 
 " Alphonso Rael de Aguilar [rubric] 
 "Civil and Military Secretary." 
 
 Departure from this City of Santa Fe 
 
 "In this city of Santa Fe, on the twentieth day of the 
 month of March, in the year one thousand six hundred 
 and ninety-five, I, Colonel Luis Granillo, lieutenant and 
 captain-general of this kingdom of New Mexico, in ful- 
 filment of and in obedience to the above order and direc- 
 tion of the governor and captain-general of this kingdom, 
 who is Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponze de 
 Leon, left this city in company with the sergeant, Juan 
 Ruiz de Cazeres, and at the distance of two long leagues 
 from the same before arriving at the pueblo of Tesuque, 
 of the Teguas, I came to the farm, which is in ruins, 
 which belonged to Colonel Francisco Gomez, in which 
 there is sufficient agricultural land for one settler only, 
 and pasturage and woodland for the stock of one owner 
 only; and I proceeded from the said pueblo of Tesuque 
 directly to San Lazaro, which is the pueblo named in the 
 said order, and in order to duly execute the same I caused 
 to be assembled its governor, and cacique, Don Cristoval 
 Yope, and the elders and principal men, and the majority 
 of the natives of the said town of the Thano tribe, and in 
 the presence of their alcalde mayor, who is an interpreter, 
 and Sergeant Juan Ruiz, who is also an interpreter and 
 who acted as such, I read to them the said order that they 
 might understand it in their Thano tongue word for word,
 
 248 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 as was done, and they all answered that they would obey 
 in accordance with what they had asked for and the 
 grant which had been made to them in order that they 
 might settle anew on the place at the end of the Canada, 
 called Chimayo, adjoining the mountain range, and in 
 order to identify the same and to carry out the said direc- 
 tion contained in the said order I instructed them to pro- 
 ceed to the inspection of the same in my company to- 
 morrow and also to advise as parties interested and ad- 
 joining, the governor of San Cristoval, the principal men 
 and the natives of the same and in order that it may so 
 appear, I made it a part of the proceedings, and I signed 
 the same, dated ut supra. Luis Granillo [rubric] 
 
 "The said lieutenant-general proceeds with the said 
 governors of the pueblos to the examination of the tract 
 designated at Chimayo, which was granted to them by the 
 governor and captain-general of this kingdom for their 
 settlement. 
 
 "On the twenty-first day of the present month of 
 March, of the date and year, I, the said lieutenant-gover- 
 nor and captain-general, left the said pueblo of San La- 
 zaro with the said alcalde mayor and sergeant, and also 
 its governor and leading Indians, and the majority of the 
 natives, and also those of the pueblo of San Cristoval 
 with their governor, their doctrinal minister, who is Fray 
 Antonio Obregon, also going with them and me, the said 
 lieutenant-general, and at the distance of two long leagues 
 having gone through the Caiiada and passed an arroyo 
 or small rivulet (arroyo Riochuelo Pequeiio) which comes 
 down from the said mountain range and which lines with 
 the farm of Captain Juan Ruis, up the river, and having 
 gone along a little further, about half a league, where 
 there is a ruin on the left, the said Indians, governors, 
 and caciques showed me the plain which is adjacent to 
 the said ruin which is in a Caiiada wide and large enough 
 for their pueblo with sufficient land for irrigation from 
 the arroyos and rivulets which come down from the said 
 mountain range, and I examined the mouth of the ditch 
 and the dam, which the said Indians showed me, and the 
 said rivulet has water sufficient and permanent; and re- 
 turning to the plain the said Indians again proceeded to 
 mark off and describe the said place for which they had 
 asked the said governor and captain-general, and which
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 249 
 
 grant he had made and conceded to them, and they 
 marked off the plan for the said town, saying that it was 
 to be of sixty-eight houses, in order that the people of 
 the said two pueblos might occupy the same, and adding 
 to them the Thanos Indians and captive women who had 
 escaped from the city of Santa Fe in case they should 
 desire to come with them, that they would admit and re- 
 ceive them; thus the said lands were given and set off to 
 them they being satisfied with having examined and seen 
 the tract and place for the establishment and site of their 
 pueblo, and in order that it might so appear I made it a 
 part of the proceedings and I signed it, dated ut supra. 
 
 "Luis Granillo [rubric] 
 
 "The said lieutenant-general departs from the Canada 
 for the pueblo of San Juan and proceeds to the other 
 side of the Rio del Norte to sleep at Santa Clara. 
 
 "And immediately thereafter, on the said day, month 
 and year, I, the said lieutenant-general, took the route and 
 way in order to carry out the tenor of the order and 
 direction aforesaid, proceeding to the examination of 
 the farms and ranches belonging to the Spanish set- 
 lers in the Caiiada before the general revolution of 
 this kingdom, which were said to be occupied and 
 at the distance of half a league, and on the boundary of 
 said farm of Captain Juan Ruiz, which he has at the said 
 place of the said grant to the said Indians, I found and 
 examined the farm which belonged to the Martinez, the 
 ruins of which consist of the standing walls, and in them 
 were living encamped five persons, with their families, 
 because there were lands and pastures sufficient on the 
 north; and having proceeded in the said direction about 
 three-quarters of a league I found, on the left of the 
 route, the said pueblo of San Lazaro, and crossing the 
 Rio del Norte to the right side I found and saw the farm 
 which belonged to Miguel Lujan, on which the house is still 
 standing, he occupied with his own family only, as there is 
 irrigable land sufficient for one family only and pastures 
 sufficient for such stock as it might possess ; and with this 
 farm there lines another house and cultivable lands which 
 were planted by Marcos de Herrera, who had his family 
 on another farm lower down which said place has about 
 as much land as the last named and mentioned; and fol- 
 lowing this there is another lot of cultivable land which
 
 250 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 belonged to Nicolas de la Cruz, the house on which is 
 standing and occupied by his widow, the land being suf- 
 ficient for the support of her family only, and the pas- 
 tures are in the same proportion ; and following this is 
 the land which belonged to Melchor de Archuleta, the 
 ruin of the house only remaining, and there are about 
 sufficient lands for one family, with pastures to corre- 
 spond; and following along the said plain and meadow 
 there is another farm, which belonged to Juan Griego, 
 and this is a better piece of land than any of the others, 
 because of its extent, it being sufficient for two families, 
 dividing the agricultural land between them and giving 
 them the pastures in common ; and next there follows 
 another farm, which belonged to Sebastian Gonzales, and 
 now held by Captain Alonso del Rio, and in this two 
 others had shares, so that there is room for three families 
 to settle on the said tract, and the lands are of superior 
 quality ; and next is the farm which belonged to Francisco 
 Xavier, the house in ruins and a little tower standing, 
 and although he lived on it alone, the tract has abun- 
 dant land for two families ; and this is followed by that of 
 Pedro de la Cruz, of whose house there is but one room 
 standing, and it has land sufficient for one family only; 
 and having finished making the inspection of the said 
 farms I, the said lieutenant-general, proceeded to the 
 other part of the arroyo, which lies between them and 
 descends the said Cailada, the Rio del Norte being on the 
 right, and I examined the following farms: first, there is 
 adjoining the said arroyo the farm of which belonged to 
 Bartolome Montoya, on which there is only the ruin of 
 the house in which he lived, and there are lands sufficient 
 for one family only ; and there adjoins this another farm, 
 which belonged to Diego Lopez, and there is a tower left 
 standing which adjoined his house, there being land 
 enough for one family; following this is another farm, 
 which belonged to Marcos de Herrera, and the said farm 
 has land sufficient for one family, the house, because of 
 its being close to the said arroyo or rivulet, was carried 
 away by a heavy freshet; next follows another tract of 
 land, which was held and owned by the community of the 
 pueblo of Santa Clara; following is the farm which be- 
 longed to Colonel Francisco Gomez, the lines of the foun- 
 dation of his house only are visible, and there is room 
 for one family only; next follows the farm which be-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 251 
 
 longed to Ambrosio Saez, in the houses of which there are 
 now living, as they were during the past year of one 
 thousand six hundred and ninety-four, part of the Tegua 
 Indians, rebels from the pueblo of Tesuque making use of 
 the said lands, for which reason the houses are in good 
 condition, and on this farm two other families can be 
 settled ; and there is also in the middle of the said meadow 
 the farm on which Agustin Romero was settled during the 
 planting season because he had his cultivable land on the 
 said tract, and here one family can live very well ; and so 
 descending along the Rio del Norte and the Mesa de San 
 Ildefonso, the ruins of the said house are seen, and the 
 land is sufficient only for one family ; and the said farms 
 are those which are found as aforesaid, from the said 
 mouth of the Canada as named, with the owners who lived 
 in them and were settled on them; and I, the said lieu- 
 tenant-general, then returned with Sergeant Juan Ruiz, 
 who accompanied me on the said inspection, and he knows 
 the said places because of always having lived near them 
 and of having been raised there ; and the said report is 
 true and certain, and in order that it may so appear, I 
 made it a part of the proceedings, and I signed it, and 
 I proceeded to the pueblo of Santa Clara, in order to 
 sleep there ; dated ut supra, 
 
 "Luis Granillo [rubric] 
 
 "Arrival of the said lieutenant-general at the city of 
 Santa Fe, at which place he returns the order of the 
 said governor and captain-general with the proceedings 
 had in obedience thereto. 
 
 "On the twenty-third day of the present month of the 
 date and year, I, the said lieutenant-general, having ar- 
 rived at the city of Santa Fe, made report of the fore- 
 going proceedings to the governor and captain-general of 
 this kingdom, Sefior Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan 
 Ponze de Leon, and by direction and order of his excel- 
 lency I left and delivered the original into his hands, 
 and in order that it may so appear I signed the same 
 with the said governor and captain-general in the pres- 
 ence of his civil and military secretary. 
 
 ' ' Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponze de Leon 
 
 [rubric] 
 "Luis Granillo [rubric] 
 ' ' Before me : 
 
 "Alphonsso Rael de Aguilar [rubric] 
 "Civil and Military Secretary"
 
 252 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 PETITION OF THE THANOS TRIBE OF THE PUEBLOS OF SAN 
 
 CRISTOVAL 
 
 "To THE Governor and Captain-General: 
 
 "The governors of the pueblos of San Lazaro and San 
 Cristoval of the Thanos tribe for themselves and in the 
 name of the people of the said pueblos: We appear be- 
 fore your excellency asking that all the privileges al- 
 lowed by law be given us, and we say: That your ex- 
 cellency was pleased to order us to move from the said 
 pueblos in order to settle them with Spaniards, and we 
 pray that your excellency will give us time to plant the 
 said lands, which are now open, during the present year, 
 using the acequias of the same, and as soon as we take off 
 the crops we will vacate the said pueblos in order that 
 your excellency may settle them as your excellency 
 pleases. Which said petition your excellency was pleased 
 to grant, and with the same we were gratified. And now 
 we have learned that it is the intention of your ex- 
 cellency to send us to settle and plant in another place, 
 in view of which we submit to the consideration of your 
 excellency the hardships which we are now undergoing, 
 as we have (as is well known) no maize, which is our 
 only food, and now we are not only unable to procure 
 any, but in order to support ourselves up to the present 
 we have sacrificed our clothing, having had to sell it at 
 low prices, and also in order to have seed for this year, 
 and no matter where we may go to settle and plant it 
 will be necessary for the people of both pueblos to occupy 
 all their time in breaking the land and constructing ace- 
 quias, a thing impossible to do in this year, because we 
 have nothing to live on and we will have to seek it else- 
 where, with which the present evil is not remedied, nor 
 that of the future, which is imminent. In view of all that 
 which we have set forth, placing ourselves at the feet of 
 your excellency, with all due respect, we ask and pray 
 that your excellency will consider our need and the rem- 
 edy for the same, which rests wholly on your excellency's 
 word, and that your excellency will be pleased to permit 
 that for this year we may plant in these pueblos, and on 
 our part we are ready to vacate them as soon as we gather 
 the crops, in which we hope to receive from the powerful 
 hand of your excellency all favor and grace as we have 
 already experienced in things of greater import, and 
 which is just, and for the same, etc.,
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 253 
 
 ' ' The Thanos Governors op San Lazaro 
 
 AND San Cristoval. 
 
 "Presentation of the foregoing petition hy the war 
 captains for themselves and in the name of the Thanos 
 tribe of the pueblos of San Lazaro and San Cristoval. 
 
 "In this city of Santa Fe, on the twentieth day of the 
 month of March, of the year one thousand six hundred 
 and ninety-five, before me, Don Diego de Vargas Zapata 
 Lujan Ponze de Leon, governor and captain-general of 
 this kingdom and provinces of New Mexico, its new re- 
 storer and conqueror at his own expense, and re-con- 
 queror and settler and castellan of its forces and garri- 
 sons by His Majesty, etc. 
 
 DECREE 
 
 "It was presented by the war captains of the natives 
 of the Thanos tribe of the said pueblos of San Lazaro 
 and San Cristoval ; and, whereas I have given the order 
 to my lieutenant-general, I direct that it be carried out 
 and executed, since I can only permit that the Indians of 
 the first pueblo, that of San Lazaro, if they do not desire 
 to join and incorporate themselves with those of the pu- 
 eblo of San Juan de los Caballeros, where they came from 
 and where they left their portion of land, or to return to 
 their old pueblo which they left and which they had and 
 did have before the general revolution of this kingdom 
 in the year 'eighty, and in which they lived for many 
 years afterwards, they shall join and agree to live to- 
 gether in the said second pueblo of San Cristoval, and 
 shall plant their crops on their lands, going as far as the 
 said Caiiada of Chimayo and farm of Moraga, where, dur- 
 ing the past year because of the second uprising, they 
 made and had their cornfields; and they having lands of 
 their own, there is no reason why the royal will of His 
 Majesty the King, our master, should not be carried out 
 in regard to Spaniards who are expected and who are now 
 on their way here to augment the population and secure 
 the restoration and reconquest of this said kingdom, nor 
 that the provision made for the same out of his royal 
 treasury should be lost by their not being given lands 
 suitable and proper for their making their crops and 
 thereby their support — reasons for not being able to 
 leave exposed to said contingency an enterprise of such 
 magnitude; and besides, in view of the objection of the 
 said natives that the said lands are not in condition to be
 
 254 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 cultivated, they ought to consider the favor done in giv- 
 ing them the half of the lands belonging to the other said 
 pueblo of San Cristoval, and acknowledge the care and 
 attention given to their relief ; and in order that this said 
 decree may appear of record let it be placed, with the pe- 
 tition of the said natives with the decrees and proceed- 
 ings, which by virtue of the said order my said lieutenant- 
 governor and captain-general shall carry out and make 
 report of the same in order that proper action may be 
 taken, and I signed it in this said city with my civil and 
 military secretary on the said day ut supra, 
 
 "Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponze de Leon 
 
 [rubric] 
 ' * Before me : 
 
 "Alphonsso Rael de Aguilar [rubric] 
 "Civil and Military Secretary." 
 
 "Proclamation including therein the grant made to the 
 Mexican-Spanish families and given with the title of 
 Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz de Espaiioles Mexicanos del 
 Rey Nuestro Sefior Don Carlos Segundo, as set forth and 
 the conditions and causes expressed for the carrying out 
 of the same. 
 
 "Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponze de Leon, 
 governor and captain-general of this kingdom and pro- 
 vinces of New Mexico, its new restorer, conqueror at his 
 own expense, reconqueror and settler of the same, castel- 
 lan of its forces and garrisons, by His Majesty, etc., 
 
 "The Thanos Indians, of the pueblo of San Lazaro, 
 having by virtue of my order and direction, as expressed 
 in the same and forwarded for its due execution on the 
 twentieth of March last of this present year to my lieu- 
 tenant-governor and captain-general. Colonel Luis Gran- 
 illo, as it appears in the proceedings which by virtue of 
 the said order were had, and the said Indians having con- 
 sulted with their governors and asked me for the grant 
 of the tract of the Canada de Chimayo and left to me the 
 said pueblos of San Lazaro and San Cristoval, and I hav- 
 ing succeeded in having that of San Lazaro vacated in 
 order to employ and occupy it with the families which 
 his excellency the viceroy, the Conde de Galve, has sent 
 for the settlement of this said kingdom of New Mexico, 
 and they having arrived on the twenty-third of June of 
 the past year one thousand six hundred and ninety-four.
 
 THE SPANISH AKCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 255 
 
 their number being in accordance with their list and 
 muster roll, in order that they might be supported and 
 lodged until the said kingdom was safe, and they came 
 into this said city to the number of sixty-six and one-half 
 families, and in order that they may be together without 
 the intrusion of any others, in view of their union, and 
 in order that they may be contented, they having come 
 from one place and country to this said city, I placed 
 them in the first grade, and I designate the said pueblo, 
 its dwelling houses, its cleared agricultural lands, drains, 
 irrigation ditches, and dam or dams which the said na- 
 tive Indians had and did have for irrigation and the se- 
 curity of raising their crops, and I also designate and 
 grant, in the name of His Majesty, the dams which they 
 may leave open and those which they may open, and the 
 woods, pastures, and valleys which the said natives had 
 and enjoyed, without prejudice to the farms and ranches 
 which lie within its limits and district, and all that which 
 it covers and may contain as far as the pueblos of Nambe, 
 Pojoaque, Jacona, San Ildefonso, Santa Clara, and San 
 Juan de los Caballeros, giving these as the boundaries 
 of the tract which the said settlement shall enjoy, hold, 
 and have, and which I make a seat and town, and also 
 possession of the houses which may be given or assigned 
 to them in person; and furthermore, the honorary title 
 of 'Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz de Espanoles Mexicanos 
 del Rey Nuestro Seiior Carlos Segundo,' which, in the 
 name of His Majesty, I give to the said settlement, and I 
 constitute and grade it as the first new settlement, and as 
 such it shall enjoy priority of settlement, with the under- 
 standing that that of this city of Santa Fe is the first, and 
 in it only shall be held the election of the members of the 
 illustrious council, but each shall have its civil author- 
 ity, which shall be composed of an alcalde mayor and 
 war captain and lieutenant, with the title of captain of 
 militia, alferez, and sergeant, the said settlement being 
 limited to four squad corporals and alguazil de guerra, 
 who shall go out on scouting expeditions with the said 
 captain of militia and other officers, alternating every 
 month, and they shall have this style and form of gov- 
 ernment because of being on the frontier, and in order 
 that the said Spanish Mexicans may be informed of the 
 grant of the said Villa Nueva made to them, I direct that 
 the same shall be published in the said form, in order
 
 256 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 that they may acknowledge in due form that I, the said 
 governor and captain-general, have them in this said 
 kingdom and that I have favored them in proportion to 
 my respectful appreciation of the promise contained in 
 the proclamation ordered to be published by his excel- 
 lency the said viceroy, the Conde de Galve, as in it he 
 promised them and directed that I should be ordered to 
 give them lands on which to settle, and I give them all 
 with appreciable improvements, since I have given them 
 cleared and broken lands and of known fertility, with 
 their drains and irrigating ditches and dams in good con- 
 dition and with the irrigation secured, and also new 
 houses, because the said pueblo is new, and they have 
 nothing to do but to go and live in them and to make use 
 of the lands which I will designate for them, granting 
 ranches and farms to those who may prefer the same, in 
 order to allow them more room and allow for other settlers 
 who may come in, and which the King our master may be 
 pleased to send, and also those which I, the said governor 
 and captain-general, may deem it proper to send to settle 
 there, and this will also be done with people who may vol- 
 untarily ask for a grant, and who may be designated as 
 settlers of the said town, in order that they may enjoy the 
 privileges and rights of the same; and in order that it 
 may so appear and that they may be ready to leave this 
 city of Santa Fe I appoint Thursday, at ten o'clock in 
 the morning, and I will then have in the plaza of this 
 city the packmules which I now have, and I will also 
 furnish some horses to mount, in part, those who may 
 need them, and I will aid them in all things, assuring 
 them that a ration of beef and corn shall not be wanting, 
 as well as half a fanega of corn to each family for plant- 
 ing which I promise to give them, and also implements, 
 such as picks, shovels, hoes, and axes, until those ordered 
 by his excellency the viceroy from the contractors shall 
 arrive, and there shall also be forwarded to their alcalde 
 mayor and war captain, who may be appointed, a supply 
 of firearms, powder, and ball, in order that they may be 
 provided with all that is necessary ; and in order that this 
 said proclamation and that which is set forth in it may 
 serve them as a foundation and sufficient title, I order 
 that it be published in military style, with music by the 
 band, and in the presence of the leaders and officers and 
 my lieutenant-governor and captain-general, and also
 
 Don Juan de Acuna, Marques de Casa Fuerte 
 Viceroy of Mexico, 1722-34
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 257 
 
 that part of the illustrious council which is in this city, 
 and its notary, and of my civil and military secretary, 
 and that it be published in the inner and the outer plazas ; 
 and I signed it in this said city of Santa Fe on the nine- 
 teenth day of the month of April, one thousand six hun- 
 dred and ninety-five. 
 
 ' ' Diego de Vargas Zapata Lu jan Ponze de Leon 
 
 [rubric] 
 ' * By order of the governor and captain-general : 
 
 ''Alphonsso Rael de Aguilar [rubric] 
 "Civil and Military Secretary 
 ' ' In this city of Santa Fe, on the nineteenth day of the 
 month of April of the year one thousand six hundred and 
 ninety-five, I, Captain Alphonsso Rael de Aguilar, civil 
 and military secretary, certify that on this day this said 
 proclamation was published in the two public plazas of 
 this city in the presence of a large concourse of people in 
 the same and in a loud and intelligible voice by Sebastian 
 Rodriguez, negro drummer, and in order that it may so 
 appear I signed it. 
 
 "Alphonsso Rael de Aguilar [rubric] 
 
 "Civil and Military Secretary." 
 
 THE MEXICAN SETTLERS DESTINED FOR THE VILLA NUEVA DE 
 SANTA CRUZ DEPART PROM SANTA FE 
 
 ' ' On the twenty-first day of the present month of April 
 of the said year of one thousand six hundred and ninety- 
 five, at the hour designated in the proclamation granting 
 the title of Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz de los Espaiioles 
 Mexicanos del Rey Nuestro Seiior Don Carlos Segundo, 
 the sixty families now in this city of Santa Fe departed 
 at nine o'clock in the morning to settle, as provided in the 
 said proclamation, and, in order that it may so appear, I 
 signed it with my civil and military secretary. 
 
 ' ' Diego de Vargas Zapata Lu j an Ponze de Leon 
 
 [rubric] 
 "Before me: 
 
 "Alphonsso Rael de Aguilar [Rubric] 
 * ' Civil and Military Secretary. ' ' 
 
 ARRIVAL AT THE VILLA NUEVA DE SANTA CRUZ 
 
 "On the twenty-second day of the month of April of 
 the said date and year, I, the said governor and captain-
 
 258 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 general, Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponze de 
 Leon, of this Kingdom and Provinces of New Mexico, by 
 His Majesty, arrived at this Villa de Santa Cruz de los 
 Mexicanos Espaiioles del Rey Nuestro Sefior Don Carlos 
 Segundo, so named and placed by me the said governor 
 and captain-general, its site and settlement having been 
 vacated by my order by the Thanos tribe, formerly of the 
 pueblo of San Lazaro, and having given it the title and 
 placed it under the protection of the Holy Cross, and 
 they having already arrived with their alcalde mayor and 
 war captain appointed, and the other officers named in 
 the said proclamation, and with the title of Villa published 
 in the same, and ordered to be published on the nineteenth 
 day of the present month and year, and they being drawn 
 up in line with their said captain and other officers desig- 
 nated and appointed, and they were at the entrance of the 
 plaza of the said Villa, and dismounting there near the 
 chapel which served as a church for the natives of the said 
 pueblo, and having ordered the settlers to form in a half 
 circle at my side, the royal alferez being front with the 
 royal standard with my lieutenant-governor and my civil 
 and military secretary, I directed the said alcalde mayor 
 and war captain. Major Antonio Jorge, his lieutenant and 
 captain of militia. Sergeant Nicolas Ortiz, and his ensign, 
 Joseph Valdez, and Sergeant Manuel Ballejo and Antonio 
 Godinez, Alguacil de Guen-a and the four squad corporals, 
 Joseph del Balle, Sebastian de Salas, Miguel Fajardo, and 
 Bustos, to step forward from the said line, all of whom 
 were appointed as the government political and military 
 the said Villa being on the frontier, by me, the saici gov- 
 ernor and captain-general. 
 
 POSSESSION GIVEN OF THE SAID VILLA AND OATH MADE 
 
 "And I required and directed that they should make 
 the usual oath accepting the said place and settlement, 
 the Nueva Villa of their own nation of the Mexicanos Es- 
 panoles del Rey Nuestro Senor Don Carlos Segundo, and 
 as loyal vassals to maintain and preserve it, even at the 
 expense of their lives, to which they responded under said 
 oath that they accepted the same and that they would 
 obey and keep the same ; and I again made them the grant 
 under the said acceptance and oath, revalidating to them 
 their lands which belong to them and the boundaries set 
 forth, and which limit the pueblos mentioned in the said 
 proclamations of jurisdiction without prejudice to the
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 259 
 
 boundaries of the lands which belong to each one; and 
 also, in order to encourage them, I made them a grant of 
 all the minerals which might be found in the Chimayo 
 mountain range according as they might discover them 
 and that I would carry out and observe the royal ord- 
 inances of His Majesty, and that they be of good heart 
 and keep up their courage and that on my part I would 
 assist them; and there being present the reverend father, 
 Fray Francisco de Vargas, ecclesiastical judge in capite 
 of this kingdom and its custodio in this custodia and 
 concourse, and having in his company the reverend father 
 preacher missionary, Fray Antonio Moreno, whom he had 
 chosen as guardian and minister, I, the said governor and 
 captain-general, said to the said settlers that he being the 
 chaplain of His Majesty appointed and named him as their 
 guardian and as such I gave him possession of the said 
 chapel in order that until they rebuilt their church it 
 might serve them as such, and thus I gave possession of 
 the same to the said reverend father, leading him into the 
 same by the hand, and he arranged the altar, going in and 
 out ; and for the greater formality and force of the said 
 possession and oath made in regard to the said Villa, I 
 left my said place with my said royal alferez and my 
 lieutenant, directing my royal alferez to place himself in 
 the centre of the plaza, together with my civil and mili- 
 tary secretary, in order that he might proclaim that he 
 defended and sustained the possession given by favor of 
 His Majesty at the said granted place and tract with the 
 limits and boundaries given and granted by me, the said 
 governor and captain-general, in the said royal name, to 
 the said settlers with the honorary title of Villa Nueva de 
 los Espaiioles Mexicanos del Rey Nuestro Seiior Don Car- 
 los Segundo ; that he came out to defend it as he would 
 defend it with his life, and thus Avith his drawn sword 
 in his hand he would sustain and did sustain it against 
 all who might oppose it; and I, the said governor and 
 captain-general, with all present, cried out all together, as 
 loyal vassals of His Majesty, saying, 'Long live the King 
 our Lord, whom may God preserve, the Seiior Don Carlos 
 II, King of the Spaniards, and all of this New World 
 and this new town of the Mexicans and Spaniards, and 
 which in his royal name was founded with the title of 
 Villa Nueva de los Mexicanos y Espanoles, and increased, 
 founded, and settled in the interest of his Royal CrowTi,
 
 260 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 may he live for many years and reign over greater do- 
 mains and monarchies;' and having repeated the said ac- 
 clamation three times, throwing up our hats, three vol- 
 leys were fired at the same time, in congratulation upon 
 the installation of the said settlers with such honor and 
 demonstrations of appreciation and jubilee; and they 
 asked me as a favor that I would give them a certified 
 copy and that I would order that they be given the same 
 of the said possession as well as of the proclamation and 
 the quality of the title specified in the same in order that 
 they might hold the same as such for the said Villa ; and in 
 order that it may so appear they signed it with me the 
 aforesaid, together with my lieutenant-governor and cap- 
 tain-general and my civil and military secretary. 
 
 "Don Diego de Vakgas Zapata Lujan Ponze de Leon 
 
 [rubric] 
 "Luis Granillo [rubric] 
 ' ' Sergeant Manl. Ballejo [rubric] 
 "Antonio Balverde de Cossio [rubric] 
 "The Alferez Real: Antonio Jorge [rubric] 
 "Before me: 
 
 "Alphonso Rael de Aguilar [rubric] 
 "Civil and Military Secretary." 
 
 The governor and captain-general leaves orders 
 w^ith the said lieutenant-general to partition the sep- 
 aeate tracts belonging to the said settlement, 
 
 "In this city of Santa Fe, on the twenty-third day of 
 the month of April of the year one thousand six hundred 
 and ninety-five, I, the said governor and captain-general, 
 my personal presence being necessary in the city of Santa 
 Fe, and I having to go to the pueblos of San Cristoval 
 and Nambe, I order and I leave orders with my lieutenant- 
 governor and captain-general that the separate lands of 
 the district and limits of the said Villa Nueva de Santa 
 Cruz, the settlers having been assembled and it having 
 been ascertained which of them have received and have 
 been favored with grants of the tracts and ranches al- 
 ready surveyed, to those to whom such grants have not 
 been made the said separate lands shall be given, marking 
 off for each settler and his family that which may be 
 found to be sufficient for the planting of one-half a fanega 
 of maize, and in it he may plant such other seed as he 
 may have, and the said partition shall be made in such 
 manner as to satisfy the said settlers, and of the lands
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 261 
 
 that may be left over an account shall be made to me, and 
 in order that the said order may appear in this said de- 
 cree I made it a part of the proceedings, and I signed it, 
 with my civil and military secretary. 
 
 ' ' Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lu jan Ponze de Leon 
 
 [rubric] 
 "Before me: 
 
 "Alphonso Rael de Aguilar [rubric] 
 "Civil and Military Secretary" 
 
 Arrival of the said governor and captain-general 
 AT the pueblo of San Cristoval, and he again requires 
 the native Thanos of the same to plant their crops 
 
 AND TO carry THEIR HAKVEST TO THE NTIW PUEBLO VSTHICH 
 they shall build ON THE SAID TRACT OF ChIMAYO, IN 
 
 order that he may settle the said pueblo with 
 Spaniards in the month of October. 
 
 "And immediately thereafter, on the said day, month, 
 and year of the date, I, the said governor and captain- 
 general, having repeated to the said Spanish Mexicans of 
 the said Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz the said order, I bade 
 them good-bye and proceeded to the said pueblo of San 
 Cristoval, in the plaza of which place all its people were 
 assembled, together with those who had been settled at 
 the said Villa Nueva, and I confirmed the grant which I 
 had made to them in giving permission to pass this sum- 
 mer on the same and to plant their crops on its lands, and 
 required of them that the crops which God our Lord 
 might be pleased to permit them to gather they should 
 at once carry to the new pueblo, which during this sum- 
 mer they would have to rebuild, since in the month of 
 October they would have to occupy it, leaving that of San 
 Cristoval vacant in order that I might settle it with 
 Spaniards, as I had already informed them, and they re- 
 plied that they would so do; and I having again con- 
 firmed the grant made in their favor of the said tract of 
 Chimayo, I bade them good-bye, leaving them happy ; and 
 in order that it may appear of record I made it a part of 
 the proceedings, and I signed it, with my civil and mili- 
 tary secretary. 
 
 ' ' Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lu jan Ponze de Leon 
 
 [rubric] 
 "Before me: 
 
 "Alphonsso Rael de Aguilar [rubric] 
 "Civil and Military Secretary"
 
 262 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 The said governor and captain-general proceeds to 
 
 THE pueblo op NaMBE, AND IN IT GIVES POSSESSION TO THE 
 MINISTER MISSIONARY, WHO REMAINS THERE AS DOCTRIN- 
 ARIAN. 
 
 "On the said day, the twenty-third of April, of the 
 said year, I, the said governor and captain-general, the 
 very reverend father custodian. Fray Francisco de Var- 
 gas, having appointed as minister doctrinarian to the 
 mission of the Tegnas of the pueblo of Nambe, proceeded 
 with him to give him the possession, and, having entered 
 the said pueblo, its people were assembled to receive me 
 with all politeness, and they being in front of the prin- 
 cipal site where they had the chapel and the house ad- 
 joining the same for the said minister, I dismounted, and, 
 through the interpreter, I told them that I had come to 
 install the father who was to aid them and administer the 
 holy sacraments, he being the reverend father preacher, 
 Antonio de Acevedo, and in the said form I gave him 
 possession of the said chapel and house, and in testimony 
 of the same I directed that the doxology, etc., be prayed 
 and sung three times, and I ordered the said Indians to 
 aid him in all things and to fulfil their obligations as 
 Christians and to fail in nothing; and in order that the 
 said possession and the reply of the said natives that they 
 would comply with and obey all that I had ordered 
 might appear of record, I signed it with my civil and 
 military secretary. 
 
 "Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponze de Leon 
 
 [rubric] 
 * ' Before me : 
 
 "Alphonsso Rael de Aguilar [rubric] 
 "Civil and Military Secretary" 
 
 Arrival of the families which by order of his ex- 
 cellency THE CONDE DE GaLVE WERE PROCURED AND OB- 
 TAINED BY Captain Juan Paez Hurtado, chief commis- 
 sioner, APPOINTED BY ME, THE SAID GOVERNOR AND CAPTAIN- 
 GENERAL, 
 
 "In this city of Santa Fe, the capital of this kingdom 
 and provinces of New Mexico, on the ninth day of the 
 month of May of the present year of one thousand six 
 hundred and ninety-five, there arrived at this city of 
 Santa Fe, capital which it is of this kingdom and prov- 
 inces of New Mexico, the families which by order of his 
 excellency the viceroy, the Conde de Galve, with the ap-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 263 
 
 proval of the general committee of the ministers of the 
 royal treasury and war, in March of the past year of 
 one thousand six hundred and ninety-four, ordered me, 
 the said governor and captain-general of this kingdom, to 
 send a chief commissioner possessing my confidence, to be 
 appointed by me, and Captain Juan Paez Hurtado possess- 
 ing the same, I gave him the commission and appoint- 
 ment in order that he might carry out the said orders of 
 his excellency the said viceroy, and he proceeded to the 
 kingdom of Galicia and the Real de Zacatecas and other 
 places, and the families which he procured were forty- 
 four, according to the list made of the same and which I, 
 the said governor and captain-general, received in per- 
 son, and in the presence of the said captain chief com- 
 missioner I gave them lodgings in the said city in the 
 houses which the settlers now at the Villa Nueva de Santa 
 Cruz had occupied, and in order that the said arrival 
 may appear of record I signed it, with the said captain 
 chief commissioner and my civil and military secretary. 
 
 ' ' Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lu jan Ponze de Leon 
 
 [rubric] 
 "Before me: 
 
 "Alphonsso Rael de Aguilar [rubric] 
 "Civil and Military Secretary" 
 
 ACT OF transmittal 
 
 "In this said city of Santa Fe, on the said day of the 
 date May nine and year one thousand six hundred and 
 ninety-five, I, the said governor and captain-general, Don 
 Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponze de Leon, having 
 examined these proceedings, in order that his excellency 
 the viceroy, Conde de Galve, which he is of all this king- 
 dom of New Spain, may be informed of what has been 
 done in this said kingdom in the royal service, in which I, 
 the said governor and captain-general have devoted the 
 care and attention necessary for his satisfaction, and in 
 order to make transmittal of the same I directed my 
 civil and military secretary to make a literal copy of the 
 said proceedings, as well as of the letter of transmittal 
 with this said decree, in order that being copied and 
 compared in due form the same transmitted and forward- 
 ed to his excellency the said viceroy, and more particularly 
 because the courier despatched on the fourteenth of 
 January of the present year has not returned and the 
 cause of his delay is not known. And I signed it in this
 
 264 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 said city of Santa Fe on the said day, month, and year, 
 with my civil and military secretary. 
 "Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponze de Leon 
 
 [rubric] 
 "Before me: 
 
 "Alphonsso Rael de Aguilar [rubric] 
 "Civil and Military Secretary" 
 
 "Most Excellent Sir: 
 
 "Sir: Captain Juan Paez Hurtado, chief commis- 
 sioner appointed by me to bring the families which by 
 order of your excellency he procured and obtained in the 
 city of Zacatecas, having arrived at this city of Santa Fe 
 and having entered the plaza of the same to the number 
 of forty-four families, which I received and inspected 
 personally, I going to the said plaza for the purpose, and 
 also to lodge them in the houses which were vacated by 
 the sixty Mexican families which your excellency also 
 sent for the settlement of this kingdom, and having suc- 
 ceeded in all that which I might and could desire for 
 the royal service of His Majesty in the Villa Nueva de 
 Santa Cruz de los Vecinos Mexicanos del Rey Nuestro 
 Seiior Don Carlos Segundo in a pueblo which the rebels 
 of the Thanos tribe had newly founded on lands which 
 had belonged to Spaniards, and by the means which I 
 devised for the accomplishment of this difficult enterprise 
 I succeeded, as will be shown by the orders and proceed- 
 ings had of which I forward a certified copy to your ex- 
 cellency and this, upon examination and consideration, 
 will prove to your excellency that I have been successful, 
 and that I have secured at a short distance another 
 larger town of the said tribe which is vacant and free 
 and I have secured it for the month of October, when, 
 God willing, I will found and settle another town with 
 these said families which we have received and lodged 
 today in this city of Santa Fe, and I will see that both 
 shall plant crops in order that they may be relieved from 
 receiving rations as at present and living on the gener- 
 osity and magnificence of your excellency, and it is very 
 true that the transportation of maize to this city has 
 caused me much trouble because of the distance of the 
 kingdom of New Biscay and of there being no resources 
 any nearer. 
 
 "I am anxious and troubled because the courier 
 whom I despatched on the fourteenth of January of the
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 265 
 
 present year to your excellency has not returned, and 
 this also induces me to send this despatch, in order that 
 I may ascertain the reason of his delay or know whether 
 he has been robbed or murdered ; and I beg that your ex- 
 cellency will send me duplicates of the orders and des- 
 patches which your excellency may have been pleased to 
 forward to me by the said courier in order that I may 
 on my part duly execute the same; and I also hope that 
 your excellency has received the order that with the same 
 your excellency may decide upon the reply to my letters 
 of consultation forwarded by your excellency to the su- 
 preme and royal council of the Indies, as in this expec- 
 tation I have delayed the said settlers in order that 
 through its means they may be assured of their establish- 
 ment; and two missions have also been established, 
 Nambe and the said Villa Nueva, the doctrinal father serv- 
 ing the united pueblo of the said Thanos. 
 
 "While I was absent from this city there arrived a 
 band of Apaches from the east, who are called Chiyenes, 
 and they told in the town at which they arrived which is 
 of the Picuries tribe, how some men, white and light- 
 haired, had destroyed a very large tribe of the Apaches 
 Conejeros, living much further inland than their own. 
 The Chiyenes then returned whence they came. This 
 was told to me by the alcalde mayor and the father min- 
 ister, who came to see me, and I having asked the alcalde 
 mayor why he had not detained them, he replied that the 
 leader of the band had said that he would return with 
 all his people in September, and if God will permit me to 
 live until his return I will hear what he has to say and 
 judge of it accordingly, and I did not wish to omit to 
 give your excellency this information, together with the 
 above, as I desire to serve your excellency in all things; 
 and may God preserve your excellency for many happy 
 years. Done in Santa Fe, on the ninth day of the month 
 of May, one thousand six hundred and ninety-five. 
 "Most excellent sir, etc., 
 
 * ' Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lu jan Ponze de Leon ' ' 
 
 [rubric] 
 
 883 DON FERNANDEZ De TAOS. 1796. 
 
 Possession. Reported Claim No. 125. 
 
 884 JUAN JOSE SILVIA. La Cienega. No date. 
 
 Complaint that he is forbidden to graze his stock on the 
 common lands. No action taken.
 
 266 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 885 MATLAS SENA. Santa Fe, 1799. 
 
 "Will. Fernando Chacon, Governor. 
 
 886 LUIS MAESE to Aiigiistin Sais. Santa Fe, 1799. 
 
 Land. Antonio de Agiiilera Isasi, Alcalde. 
 
 887 SAN JOSE Del BADO del RIO de PECOS. 1803. 
 
 Partition of lands to settlers. Names given in this ar- 
 chive. Fernando Chacon. Governor. Pedro Bautista 
 Pino, Alcalde. 
 
 888 MARIANO CASTELO to Juan Segiira. Santa Fe, 
 
 1812. 
 
 Land in the Canadu del Tio Leonardo. Jose Miguel 
 Tafoya. Alcalde. 
 
 889 MARIA POLONIA SILVIA. La Cienega, 1815. 
 
 Complaint that her husband sold her land without her 
 consent. Juan Estevan Pino. Alcalde. Alberto Maynez, 
 Governor. 
 
 890 TOWN OF SOCORRO 
 
 Grant. 1817. Reported Claim No. 107, q. v. 
 
 891 JUAN RAFAEL ORTIZ. 
 
 Report of Committee of the Ayuntamienio against donat- 
 ing certain lands. Santa Fc, 1831. Ribera, Talomo. sin- 
 dico. Armijo. 
 
 892 MATIAS SANDOVAL. Santa Fe, 1822. 
 
 Grant of lands in Galisteo by the Ayuntamiento of Satita 
 Fe. Pedro Armendaris. Jose ]\Iaria Baca, Secretary. 
 
 893 RAFAEL SENA. 1822. 
 
 Grant. Same as No. 892. 
 
 894 FELIPE SANDOVAL. 1822. 
 
 Grant ; same as 892-893. 
 
 The petition in the Town of Galisteo Grant was made in 
 February, 1814, by Felipe Sandoval; Jose Luis Lobato; 
 Julian Lucero; ^Nlatias Sandoval; Pedro Sandoval; Jose 
 Antonio Alarid. Diego Pineda, and was addressed to Gov- 
 ernor ]\Iaynes. who granted them a piece of land at the 
 old abandoned Indian pueblo of Galisteo, reserving to 
 the people of Santa Fe and vicinity, the p^i^^lege of
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 267 
 
 pasturing live stock. INIaynes was not governor at the 
 time this petition states. Don Jose Manrique was gov- 
 ernor from 1808 to 1815, and Alberto Maynes in 1815, 
 1816, and 1817. From the papers on file in this case, in 
 the surveyor-general's office, Donaciano Vigil says that 
 he never held any office under the Spanish government, 
 but under the Mexican government he was continually in 
 office from the year 1824 until the American government 
 took possession in 1846, at which time he was a captain 
 of tlie line and secretary of the militia conunandancy, 
 which latter position he had held ever since the year 1824. 
 That he acted as civil governor of New Mexico from Jan- 
 uary, 1847, until the first of March, 1851. 
 
 895 JOSE MANUEL SANCHES, Bosque, 1823, vs. An- 
 tonio Martin. 
 
 Question of lands. 
 
 896 CABO JOSE SALAICE, CABO FRANCISCO GAR- 
 CIA, CARABINERO JOSE BACA, SOLD ADO JOSfi 
 SALAICE, SOLD ADO FELIZ GARCIA, SOLDADO 
 ANTONIO JOSE RIVERA. 
 
 Petition; 1823, asking the Jefe Politico for the sohrante 
 of the league between the pueblos of Santo Domingo and 
 Sa7i Felipe. Bartolome Baca, Jefe Politico. Referred 
 to the Provincial Deputation. 
 
 897 MIGUEL and FELIPE SENA. Santa Fe, 1824. 
 
 Petition for lands on the Pecos. No action taken. 
 
 898 JOSE RAFAEL SAMORA and 25 others for lands on 
 the Pecos. 1824. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 108, q. v. 
 
 899 MANUEL ANTONIO RIBERA. For himself and 
 
 Others. 1822. 
 
 Petition for lands adjoining San Miguel del Bado. Re- 
 ported Claim No. 29. Anton Chico Grant. Facundo Mel- 
 gares. Governor. San IMiguel del Bado, 1824. 
 
 On the 24th day of January, 1822, Don Salvador Tapia, 
 for himself and sixteen others, filed a petition with the 
 ' ' Tribunal of Independence ' ' — presumably the aynnta- 
 miento of San Miguel del Bado — for the tract of land 
 on the Pecos river, known as Anton Chico. The presi-
 
 268 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 dent of the ayuntamiento referred the petition to the 
 then governor, Facundo Melgares, who on the 13th of 
 February of the same year, sent the petition back to the 
 ayuntamiento with instructions to make application to 
 the Provincial Deputation. On November 9th of that 
 year this was done. Nothing seems to have been done 
 after that until May 2, 1822, when Melgares is supposed 
 to have granted the land to Manuel Rivera and thirty-six 
 men, and directed Manuel Baca, the constitutional justice 
 of El Bado, to place the parties in possession, which was 
 done on May 2d of the same year. 
 
 There is another document in this grant, of date March 
 3, 1834, which purports to be a distribution of lands at 
 Anton Chico by Don Juan Martin, under verbal authority 
 from the constitutional justice of El Bado, Don Juan 
 Jose Cabeza de Baca. The Manuel Baca, above referred 
 to, was a second cousin of Don Luis Maria Cabeza de 
 Baca. This document states that the original settlers 
 were driven off by Indians. 
 
 The original petitioners and settlers were: Salvador 
 Tapia, Francisco Baca, Rafael Duran, Juan Sebastian 
 Duran, Diego Antonio Tapia, Bernardo Ullibarri, Felipe 
 Valencia, Luis Gonzales, Juan Cristobal Garcia, Tomas 
 IMartin, Juan Jose Martin, Miguel Martin, Jose Medina, 
 Simon Estrada, Lorenzo Tapia, Mariano Aragon, and Jose 
 Duran. 
 
 The name Anton Chico was a slang term, the place be- 
 ing properly known as "Sangre de Cristo. " 
 
 When possession was given it was done in the presence 
 of ' ' thirty-six ' ' settlers and that of two ' ' aldermen ; ' ' Don 
 Ventura Trujillo, second alderman, and Don Miguel Sisner- 
 os, third alderman. The conditions were, among others, 
 that the place selected should be common, not only for 
 themselves, but for others who in the future should re- 
 move there ; and also that the settlers should be equipped 
 "with fire-arms and arrows, and they shall pass muster 
 upon entering upon the land and whenever the justice 
 sent to them shall deem proper." They cried "long life 
 to the independence" and took possession of lands bound- 
 ed as follows: On the north, the boundary of Don An- 
 tonio Ortiz ; on the south the ridge of the Piedra Pintada 
 and the little table-land of Guadalupe ; on the east, the 
 Sabino Spring, with the Alto de Los Esteros, where the 
 river forms a caiion below, where the men were killed,
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 269 
 
 and on the west, the Cuesta and the Little Bernal Hill; 
 which is the boundary of El Bado. 
 
 In 1834 the place was known as ' ' The Avocation of Our 
 Lord and Sangre de Cristo." 
 
 It was near this place that the Texas-Santa Fe expedi- 
 tion under McLeod came in 1841 ; at that time Anton 
 Chico had a population of 600. 
 
 Don Juan Bautista Vigil y Alarid, testifying in 1859, 
 says that Colonel Viscarra proclaimed the independence 
 of Mexico in New Mexico ; that the Spanish governor, Mel- 
 gares, was relieved by Colonel Vizcarra, who was appointed 
 upon the petition of the citizens of New Mexico who re- 
 quested the removal of Melgares and that after the decla- 
 ration of independence, under the Plan of Iguala, all of 
 the old authorities were relieved by the new officers. 
 
 Governor Melgares was superseded by Colonel Vizcarra 
 on the 21st day of December, 1822. 
 
 Don Donaciano Vigil, appointed secretary by General 
 Kearny in 1846, afterward governor of New Mexico, de- 
 clares in his testimony before the surveyor-general, in 
 1859, that up to the 22d of December, 1822, the inde- 
 pendence of INIexico was not known in New Mexico and 
 the same order of things existed and all the authorities 
 exercised their functions under the Spanish government; 
 after the declaration had been promulgated by the gen- 
 eral government the latter approved all of the public acts 
 performed by the officers of the country from the date 
 of the declaration to the time it was published in New 
 Mexico; in other words, these acts were "canonized"; 
 they were not approved by statute but they were not dis- 
 approved. However, the people of new Mexico consid- 
 ered themselves as separated from the Spanish crown 
 from the date of the declaration, September 27, 1821. 
 
 JUAN ESTEVAN PINO : Report of Diego Casilla, Al- 
 calde Constitucional de la Jurisdicion del Bado in the 
 matter of the giving possession of lands to said Pino in 
 said place and the damage that would result therefrom, 
 etc. Bartolome Baca, Governor. 
 
 This item is of interest in connection with the Anton 
 
 Chico and the Las Vegas grants, q. v. 
 
 900 URSULA CHAVES of Los Padillas, in the name of 
 her husband, Antonio Sandoval. 1824.
 
 270 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 In the matter of a petition for lands, made by her said 
 husband, situate at Agua Negra. Referred by the Ter- 
 ritorial Deputation to the Jefe Superior Politico in 1824. 
 No final action. Juan Bautista Vigil, Secretary, 
 
 In 1845, the Mexican government granted to Antonio 
 Sandoval, what is known as the Sandoval or Nolan Grant 
 in Valencia county. Sandoval conveyed his title to Ger- 
 vacio Nolan. The latter died in 1858 and his heirs sold 
 the entire grant to Joel P. Whitney, who afterwards con- 
 veyed a half interest to P. H. Story. The surveyor-gen- 
 eral of New Mexico found this to be a perfect grant and 
 afterwards, the supreme court of New Mexico, in a suit 
 brought on a homesteader's claim, decided that the action 
 of the surveyor-general as to the validity or invalidity of 
 grants was beyond the power of the supreme court to 
 change and the legal effect of the action of the surveyor- 
 general in declaring the title valid was to "segregate 
 from the public domain all the lands covered by the grant 
 as reported on by him and to except and reserve them 
 from the operation of the homestead and other general 
 laws of the United States providing for the disposal of 
 the public domain." 
 
 901 PEDRO ALCANTAR VIGIL, of Santa Cruz, and 19 
 
 Others. 1845. 
 
 Petition for lands on the Sapello and Manuelitas. Acted 
 upon by the Territorial Assembly and favorably recom- 
 mended, but there is no record of possession having been 
 given. Reported Claim No. 9 — John Scolly, q. v. The 
 names of the petitioners are found in this item. 
 
 902 DOLORES JALONA to Juan Damasio Salazar. San- 
 ta Fe, 1834. 
 
 903 ANTONIO SENA to George Pratt and William Hague. 
 Santa Fe, 1831. 
 
 Lease of land. Pablo Montoya, Alcalde. 
 
 904 ALEJANDRO SANTIESTEVAN vs. PABLO MON- 
 TOYA. Pena Blanca, 1832. 
 
 Trespass ; damage to crops. Juan Garcia, Alcalde ; Jose 
 Miguel Baca, Alcalde ; Fernando Aragon, Alcalde. 
 
 905 MANUEL SENA vs. MIGUEL and FELIPE SENA, 
 his sons.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 271 
 
 In the matter of the sale of a house to the defendants by 
 their mother, Maria de Jesus Campos, without the con- 
 sent of the plaintiff, her husband. Santa Fe, 1832. Juan 
 Garcia, Alcalde. Francisco Rascon, Alcalde. 
 
 On the next to the last page there is a reference to a 
 house on '^La calle puhlica q va para el harrio del Tor- 
 reon." This is the only reference to such a place found 
 in the archives. Possibly it may refer to the locality in 
 the neighborhood of the chapel of Rosario, as mention is 
 made in several archives of a "Torreon" which stood upon 
 lands in this locality belonging to Lucero de Godoy. 
 
 906 MARIA DE JESUS CAMPOS to Miguel and Felipe 
 
 Sena. Santa Fe, 1832. 
 
 House and lot in said city. Juan Garcia, Alcalde. No. 
 905, q. V. 
 
 907 MANUEL SENA. Santa Fe. 
 
 In the matter of the sale of a house without his consent ; 
 sale by his wife. Abreu, Jefe Politico. Juan Garcia, Al- 
 calde. Nos. 905 and 906, q. v. 
 
 908 MARIA GUADALUPE SANCHEZ. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe. 1832 or 1833. Jose Maria Baca y Ter- 
 ms, Alcalde. 
 
 909 MIGUEL SENA vs. JUAN ESTEVAN PINO. Santa 
 Fe. 1835. 
 
 Complaint in regard to a reservoir or pond. Albino Pe- 
 rez, Governor. Francisco Trujillo, Alcalde. 
 
 910 RAFAEL SENA of Alburquerque vs. FRANCISCO 
 
 BACA, a Navajo. 1835. 
 
 Complains that defendant, of whom he and the other set- 
 tlers of the Cebolleta bought a piece of land at Cuhero, 
 claims a part of the crops raised on the same. Referred 
 to the Alcalde of Laguna. Albino Perez, Governor. 
 
 Petition of August 27, 1835, by Rafael Sanchez to the 
 jefe politico. The petitioner states that in connection 
 with all the other settlers of Cebolleta he had bought a 
 tract of land of Francisco Baca, a Navajo Indian, at the 
 place called Cubero, near the pueblo of Laguna; that 
 possession of said tract had been given to the purchasers 
 by the ex-alcalde, Don Juan Chaves, and the document 
 evidencing that fact was in the hands of the then alcalde ;
 
 272 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 that this officer wanted to take from the petitioner one- 
 third of the crop which he had raised that year, on the 
 particular portion of the tract which had been assigned 
 to him, in order to give it to the Indians (of Laguna?) 
 who claimed a right to the lands. 
 
 In view of the foregoing, the petitioner asks the pro- 
 tection of the jefe politico against the arbitrary action 
 of the alcalde, and in a postscript he adds that the par- 
 ties interested in the tract had ceded a piece of land to 
 the said Indians, which the latter ignored and left un- 
 cultivated. 
 
 On September 9, 1835, the jefe politico, Don Albino 
 Perez, ordered the alcalde of Laguna to report in detail 
 on the matters contained in the petition. There are no 
 further proceedings. 
 
 911 EAFAELA SANCHEZ vs. Juan Bautista Vigil. Santa 
 Fe. 1839. 
 
 Question of a corral in said city. Manuel Armijo, Gov- 
 ernor. 
 
 912 MANUEL SANCHEZ. Intestate. Santa Fe. 1839. 
 
 Inventory of his estate. Gaspar Ortiz, Alcalde. Gaspar 
 Ortiz Grant, Reported No. 31. 
 
 This grant is entirely within the limits of the grant to 
 the pueblo of Nambe and its eastern boundary is the 
 western boundary of the grant to the pueblo of Pojoaque. 
 It was confirmed by Congress June 21, 1860, but has not 
 been patented. 
 
 913 PABLO ORTIZ Y MIERA to Jose Anastacio Sando- 
 
 bal. Santa Fe. 1838. 
 
 House and lot in said city. Felipe Sena, Alcalde. Anas- 
 tacio Sandoval to Ayuntamiento of Santa Fe. 1842. Do- 
 nation of the above house and lot. Antonio Sena, Regi- 
 dor. 
 
 914 JUAN JOSE SARRACINO. Santa Fe. 
 
 Petition for land on the Pecos. No date. No action. 
 
 915 FRANCISCO SANDOBAL. Santa Getrudis de lo de 
 Mora. 1844. 
 
 Re-validation of sale of land made to Francisco Sandobal 
 by Juan Antonio Garcia. Tomas Ortiz, Juez de Primera 
 Instancia.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 273 
 
 916 DIEGO SANDOBAL. Santa Getrudis de lo de Mora. 
 
 1844. 
 
 Grant. Land on the Mora river, Tomas Ortiz, Juez de 
 Primera Insiancia. 
 
 917 AGAPITO SANDOVAL. Valle de Santa Getrudis de 
 
 lo de Mora. 1844. 
 
 Land on the Mora river. Tomas Ortiz, Juez de Primera 
 Instancia. The name of Francisco Sandoval is mentioned 
 in the first part of this grant, but it appears that it must 
 be a mistake as Francisco had land there by purchase 
 from Juan Antonio Garcia. No. 915, q. v. 
 
 918 FOREIGNERS as SETTLERS on public lands on the 
 
 Sapello. 1845. 
 
 Decision of the Departmental Assembly adverse on the 
 ground that they are frontier lands. 
 
 Bernardo V, Franco, Secretano de Gohierno. In this 
 archive are a number of signatures of members of the 
 Assembly. 
 
 The national colonization law of January 4, 1823, by 
 its first article, recites that the Mexican government 
 "will protect the liberty, property, and civil rights of 
 all foreigners who profess the Roman Catholic apostolic 
 religion, the established religion of the empire." 
 
 Pursuant to Article 27, "all foreigners who come to 
 establish themselves in the empire shall be considered as 
 naturalized, should they exercise any useful profession 
 or industry, by which, at the end of three years, they 
 have a capital to support themselves with decency, and 
 are married. Those who, with the foregoing qualifications, 
 marry ]\Iexicans will acquire particular merit for obtain- 
 ing letters of citizenship." 
 
 By Article 31 it was provided that "all foreigners who 
 may have established themselves in any of the provinces 
 of the empire, under a permission of the former govern- 
 ment, will remain on the lands which they may have oc- 
 cupied, being governed by the tenor of the law in the dis- 
 tribution of said lands." 
 
 By virtue of a decree of the Sovereign General Constitu- 
 ent Congress, August 18, 1824, "those territories com- 
 prised within twenty leagues of the boundaries of any 
 foreign nation, or within ten leagues of the seacoast, can
 
 274 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 not be colonized without the previous approval of the 
 supreme general executive power." 
 
 In 1828, it was decreed that "The governors — Jefes 
 Politicos — of the territories are authorized in compliance 
 with the law of the General Congress of the 18th of Au- 
 gust, 1822, and under the conditions hereafter specified 
 to grant vacant lands in their respective territories to 
 such contractors (empresarios) , families, or private per- 
 sons, whether Mexicans or foreigners, who may ask for 
 them, for the purpose of cultivating and inhabiting 
 them." 
 
 In 1824, March 16th, the following edict was issued: 
 
 ''Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, general of division, 
 henemerito of the country, and provisional president of 
 the Mexican Republic, to all the inhabitants thereof: 
 
 ' ' KNOW YE : — that after a mature and most cautious 
 examination into the benefits which will result to the 
 Republic from permitting foreigners to acquire property ; 
 having heard the opinion of the council of representa- 
 tives, which with the greatest exactitude examined this 
 subject ; the reports of several Juntas of the departments, 
 many well informed persons, and the pro and contra sup- 
 ported in print; having seen the various projects for a 
 law which to this effect have been offered ; being also con- 
 vinced that a frank policy and a well-understood interest 
 demand that there should be no longer delayed a con- 
 cession which may tend to the advancement of the pub- 
 lic, by the increase of population, the extension and di- 
 vision of property, which consequently makes the national 
 wealth the greater; having also in consideration that by 
 these means the safety of the nation may be more and more 
 secured, since foreign proprietors will be so many more 
 defenders of the national rights, at the same time that 
 they are interested in the common property; considering 
 also the impulse which will be given to agriculture, in- 
 dustry, and commerce, which are the sources of public 
 wealth; and finally, that the opinion generally expressed 
 is in favor of the said concessions, I have thought proper 
 exercising the powers conceded in me by the seventh of 
 the bases accorded in Tacubaya, and attested by the rep- 
 resentatives of the departments, to decree as follows: 
 
 "Art. 1. Foreigners not citizens residing in the repub- 
 lic may acquire and hold town and country property, by 
 purchase, adjudication, denouncement, or any other title 
 established by the laws.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 275 
 
 < I 
 
 'Art. 2. They may also acquire ownership in mines of 
 gold, silver, copper, quicksilver, iron, and coal, of which 
 they may be the discoverers, in conformity with the ord- 
 inance of the branch. 
 
 '"Art. 3. Each individual foreigner cannot acquire 
 more than two country estates in the same department, 
 without a license from the supreme government, and only 
 under the boundaries which they now have, each inde- 
 pendent of the other. 
 
 "Art. 9. These arrangements do not include the de- 
 partments on the frontier and bordering upon other na- 
 tions, in regard to which special laws of colonization will 
 be enacted, without the power to foreigners to ever ac- 
 quire property in them, without the express license of the 
 Supreme Government of the Republic. 
 
 "Art. 10. In the departments which are not on the 
 frontier, and which may have coasts, only at five leagues 
 distance from the coasts can foreigners acquire country 
 property. 
 
 "Art. 11. In order that foreigners who may have ac- 
 quired property in the republic may be citizens thereof, it 
 is sufficient that they prove before the political authority 
 of the place of their residence that they are proprietors, 
 that they have resided two years in the republic, and that 
 they have conducted themselves well. The expedients 
 drawn up in this manner will be sent to the proper de- 
 partment, by which the certificate of citizenship will be 
 issued. 
 
 "Art. 12. Foreigners cannot acquire royal or public 
 lands in all the departments of the republic, without con- 
 tracting for them with the government which possesses 
 this right as representing the domain of the Mexican na- 
 tion. 
 
 "Wherefore I order that it be printed, published, circu- 
 lated, and carried into full effect. 
 
 "Palace of the National Government, Mexico, 11th 
 March, 1842. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna 
 
 "Jose Maria de Bocanegra, 
 
 "Minister of Foreign Affairs and Government" 
 
 919 AYUNTAMIENTO de SANTA FE. 1845. 
 
 Petition to the Governor for a piece of land in front of the 
 Palace Garden. Refused. Jose Francisco Baca y Terras, 
 Alcalde. Francisco Ortiz y Delgado. Alcalde.
 
 276 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 920 FOREIGNERS as Settlers on public lands on the fron- 
 tier. 1845. 
 
 Decision of the Departmental Assembly in regard thereto. 
 No. 918, q. V. J. Manuel Gallegos; Tomas Ortiz. 
 
 921 JOHN SCOLLY. Santa Fe. 1845. 
 
 Petition. Asking reconsideration of his petition for lands 
 by the Departmental Assembly. No. 918-920, q. v. Chaves, 
 Governor. 
 
 On the 27th of March, 1843, John Scolly, Gregorio Tru- 
 jillo, Santiago Giddings, Agustin Duran, Guillermo Smith, 
 Gabriel Allen, George H. Estes, Mateo Sandoval, Ygnacio 
 Ortiz, Vincente Lopez, and Francisco Romero petitioned 
 Governor Manuel Armijo for ten square leagues of land, 
 situate at the junction of the Sapello and Mora rivers, in 
 what is now Mora county, New Mexico; at the time, this 
 land was in the partido or county of Taos ; two days later 
 Armijo granted the petition and the justice of the peace 
 of Mora and Las Vegas was directed to put them in pos- 
 session. On December 4, 1844, Scolly, Trujillo, Giddings, 
 Duran, Smith, and Romero petitioned Governor Martinez, 
 who had succeeded Armijo, for a confirmation of the grant 
 which had been made by the latter, or that a new grant 
 be made to them, as the time specified for cultivation of 
 the lands in the former grant had expired. This had oc- 
 curred on account of the invasion by the Texans, as well 
 as on account of an order made by Martinez suspending 
 all of the grants of a similar kind made by Armijo to 
 other individuals. Martinez referred the petition to the 
 prefect of the Santa Fe district, and on the 18th of De- 
 cember, the prefect, Don Antonio Sena, recommended 
 that the grant be validated. 
 
 Nothing was done until the spring of 1846, when Ar- 
 mijo was again governor, when the same persons, with 
 the exception of Ygnacio Ortiz, again petitioned for the 
 land. By direction of Armijo the persons were directed 
 to be put in possession of as much land as they could culti- 
 vate, with other provisos. On May 13, 1846, the justice 
 of the peace of Las Vegas, by order of Governor Armijo, 
 put the persons named in possession of five square leagues, 
 made a certificate of his doings and filed the same, to- 
 gether with a map, with the governor. 
 
 Ten square leagues were asked for and five square 
 leagues were given. The words *^cinco leguas cuadra- 
 das" and "cinco leguas encuadro," according to the
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 277 
 
 testimony of witnesses, were held to be synonymous terms. 
 
 In the month of November, 1843, Scolly had already 
 begun the cultivation of the land, according to Judge 
 Joab Houghton. James Bone had a house and cultivated 
 land near what was known as Barclay's Fort, which was 
 situate near the junction of the Mora and Sapello rivers, 
 which was known as Junta de los Rios. Barclay, whose 
 name was Alexander, built his fort in 1849. This fort 
 was still standing in the seventies. 
 
 The site of Fort Union was taken possession of in 1851 
 and was leased by the government from the grantees 
 named in the petition. 
 
 Scolly, Giddings, and Smith were foreign born but nat- 
 uralized Mexican citizens. 
 
 Don Donaciano Vigil stated, in 1857, before the sur- 
 veyor-general, Pelham, that the custom under the Spanish 
 and Mexican laws of measuring lands was to select a 
 common center, from which the measurement was made 
 in each direction, equally to the north, south, east, and 
 west; that cinco leguas cuadradas would be two and one- 
 half leagues measured in each direction from a common 
 center. 
 
 Domingo Fernandez, in this case, testified that he was 
 seventy- four years of age, by the grace of God ; had been 
 a justice of the peace under the Spanish and Mexican 
 governments, a member of the cabildo of Santa Fe under 
 the Mexican government, circuit attorney and keeper of 
 the archives under the government of the United States. 
 
 Donaciano Vigil held the office of recorder of land 
 titles under General Kearny's appointment, as well as 
 secretary of New Mexico. General Kearny gave instruc- 
 tions for the recording of these land titles in a book pro- 
 vided for that purpose. 
 
 In measuring the lands of the Pueblo Indians, Domingo 
 Fernandez declared that "in the center of the cemetery 
 of every pueblo there is a cross from which the measure- 
 ments were made in each direction, as the document called 
 for." 
 
 John Scolly brought the first modern plows to New 
 Mexico. In his petition, filed with Governor Armijo, he 
 says: "We ordered from the United States plows of a 
 new invention, and other necessary farming implements, 
 which are now on the road and costing a considerable 
 amount for their purchase and transportation ; and dur-
 
 278 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 ing the next year we expect merinos and cows to improve 
 the breed." 
 
 922 FELIX MAES to Felipe Sandoval. Santa Fe. 1845. 
 
 House and lot. Juan Armijo, witness. Tomas Rivera, 
 witness. 
 
 923 JUAN SAENZ and others. 
 
 Grant. Town of CJiaperito. File No. 7, q. v. 
 
 924 AGUSTIN ZAES to Mateo Trujillo. Santa Fe. 1700. 
 
 Land in the city. Testimonio. Certified by Antonio de 
 Aguilera Isasi, Alcalde. 
 
 925 ORIGINAL of 924. 
 
 Antonio de Aguilera Isasi, Alcalde. 
 
 926 DIEGO TRUXILLO. Grant. 1701. 
 
 Land on the Chama. Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero, Gov- 
 ernor and Captain-General. 
 
 Catalina Griego, widow of Diego Truxillo, and Antonio 
 Tnixillo, their son. Petition for re-validation of this grant 
 to Salvador Santiestevan and Nicolas de Valverde, their 
 near relations. 1714. 
 
 Salvador Santiestevan and Nicolas Valverde. Re-valida- 
 tion. Juan Ignacio Flores Mogollon, Governor. 
 
 Possession given by Sebastian Martin, Alcalde. 
 
 Bartolome Lovato. 1714. Possession given in the same 
 place to said Lovato by the same alcalde by order of the 
 same governor. The grants do not conflict. The land is 
 situate near the mouth of the Chama river. 
 
 927 SEBASTIAN de SALAS to Juan Trujillo. 1701. Santa 
 
 Fe. 
 
 Land. Pojoaque. Joseph Rodriguez, Alcalde. 
 
 928 SEBASTIAN CANSECO to Juan Trugillo. 1702. 
 
 Land in Pojoaque called San Isidro. Joseph Rodriguez, 
 Alcalde. 
 
 929 DIEGO TRUXILLO, for his wife, Catalina Griego, and 
 
 her sisters, Juana and Maria Griego, vs. Diego Arias 
 
 de Quiros. 
 
 Relative to a tract of land in Santa Fe. 1703. Testi- 
 monio of the proceedings, certified to by Alphonso Rael 
 de Aguilar, Secretary of Government and War. 
 He also signed himself "Alonzo."
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 279 
 
 930 MATEO TRUXILLO. Santa Fe. 1703. 
 
 Protest against grant of a piece of land in Santa Fe to 
 Joseph Lopez. El Marques de la Nava Brazinas, Gov- 
 ernor and Captain-General. 
 
 931 JOSEPH DE QUIROS to Miguel Tlienorio de Alva. 
 Santa Fe. 1703. 
 
 Part of a grant made to him by Governor Pedro Rodriguez 
 Cubero in Pojoaque. Antonio Montoya, Alcalde. 
 
 932 ANTONIO GODINES to Pascual Trujillo. Santa Fe. 
 
 1705. 
 
 A rancho in the Canada. Juan de Ulibarri, Alcalde. 
 
 933 LAZARO de CORDOBA to Jose Truxillo. Villa de 
 
 Santa Cruz. 1712. 
 
 Una carta dote y todo el poder y senoria que tiene en el 
 pedaso de tierra que en dicha carta dote le adjudicaron. 
 
 934 JUAN DE DIOS SANDOBAL MARTINEZ to Mateo 
 Truxillo. Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz. 1713. 
 
 House and lands. Juan Garcia de la Rivas, Alcalde. 
 
 935 BALTAZAR ROMERO, of Alhurquerque, to Nicolas 
 de Torres. 1715. 
 
 House, lot, and lands. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. 
 
 936 FELIPE de TAMARIS. Grant. Santa Fe. 1716. 
 
 Land in Santa Fe. Re-validation of a grant made by the 
 Marques de la Nava Brazinas. Phelix Martinez, Gov- 
 ernor. Possession given by Francisco Lorenzo Cassados. 
 
 937 DIEGO ZAINO to Miguel Thenorio de Alva. Santa 
 Cruz de la Canada. 1712. 
 
 Small tract of land. Francisco Montes Vigil; Juan de 
 Dios Lucero de Godoy; Alphonsso Rael de Aguilar, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 938 XPTOBAL TAFOLLA. Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz. 
 1718. 
 
 Will. Bohorques y Corcuera, Alcalde. 
 
 939 JOSEPH RODRIGUEZ and Maria Lopez Conejo, his 
 wife, to Antonio de Tafolla. Santa Fe. 
 
 House and lot. 1718. Bohorques y Corcuera, Alcalde.
 
 280 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 940 EAMON DE MEDINA to Juan Truxillo. Santa Fe. 
 1719. 
 
 House and land. Bohorques y Corcuera, Alcalde. 
 
 941 XPTOBAL de TAFOLLA ALTAMIRANO. 
 
 Grant. Valle de Taos. 1722. Juan Domingo de Busta- 
 mante, Governor. No possession given. 
 
 942 JUAN and ANTONIO TAFOLLA. 
 
 Grant. Canada de Santa Clara. 1724. Juan Domingo 
 de Bustamante, Governor. Xptobal Torres, Alcalde. Santa 
 Clara Grant, q. v. 
 
 Petition by Juan and Antonio Tafoya for lands in the 
 Canada of Santa Clara, west of the lands belonging to 
 the Indians of the pueblo of that name. 
 
 The boundaries asked for in the petition were on the 
 east of whatever belonged to the Indians of the pueblo, on 
 the west as far as the high mountain range, on the north 
 a high, wooded, black hill which pointed toward the moun- 
 tain, on the south a straight line from the little table-land 
 of San Ildefonso. 
 
 The grant asked for was made by Governor Juan Do- 
 mingo de Bustamante on June 8, 1724, and the chief al- 
 calde of Santa Cruz was ordered to place the parties in 
 possession. 
 
 On June 10, 1724, Cristobal Torres, chief alcalde and 
 war-captain of Santa Cruz, proceeded to give possession 
 of the tract granted, in the presence of the caciques, gov- 
 ernor, and war-captains of the pueblo of Santa Clara. 
 
 The Indians stated that if the Tafoyas were going to 
 cultivate lands on the tract in question it would result in 
 grave injury to the pueblo, as there was scarcely enough 
 water in the stream which flowed through the canada to 
 enable them to cultivate their fields, and consequently 
 they would not consent to the giving of the possession to 
 the Tafoyas until they had presented their objections to 
 the Spanish governor. Thereupon, Cristobal Tafoya, who 
 was present as the representative of the two grantees, his 
 sons, stated that they did not want the tract for agricul- 
 tural purposes, but only to build corrals and keep their 
 cattle and horses there. To this the Indians agreed, and 
 the possession was given with that understanding. 
 
 943 XPTOBAL de TORRES. 
 
 Grant on the Chama. 1724. Made by Juan Domingo de
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 281 
 
 Bustamante, Governor. Re-validated in 1726 by the same 
 oflficial. It appears that the grantee gave lands to the fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 Juana Lujan, Joseph Truxillo, Nicolas Jorge, Josepha 
 de Madrid, widow of Cristoval Tafoya, el Moso, Antonio 
 de Sandoval, Juan de Sema, Mateo Truxillo, and Fran- 
 cisco Trujillo, upon condition that they would settle there 
 within a certain time. The original grantee died, and, 
 later on, the settlements not having been made, proceed- 
 ings were begun to have the grant revoked, and this was 
 done by the governor and captain-general, Gervasio Cru- 
 zat y Gongora, in 1733, and the lands were published as 
 ^'realengas." In this archive are: 
 
 Xptobal Torres. 
 Will. 1726. 
 
 Angela de Leyba, widow of Xptobal Torres. 
 
 Will. 1727. It appears that the revocation was made 
 with notice to all of the parties interested. 
 
 No. 950, q. V. 
 
 There is a grant called Jose Trujillo, Reported No. 12, 
 which was rejected by the court of private land claims. It 
 conflicted with the pueblos of Santa Clara, Pojoaque, and 
 San Ildefonso. 
 
 944 XPTOBAL TORRES vs. Heirs of Juan de Mestas. 
 
 Question of boundaries. Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz. 1725. 
 
 945 ANTONIO de GIJOSA to Baltazar Trujillo. Villa de 
 Santa Cruz. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 109, Antonia Gijosa, q. v. 
 
 946 ANTONIO de ULIBARRI to Maria de Tafolla. 1727. 
 Santa Fe. 
 
 House and lands. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. 
 
 947 PHELIPE de TAMARIS to Lugarda Tafolla. Santa 
 
 Fe. 1728. 
 
 Lands. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. 
 
 The parents of Felipe Tamaris were Francisco de Tam- 
 aris and Ysabel Gutierrez. 
 
 948 SALVADOR GONZALES to Manuel Thenorio de 
 Alva. Santa Fe. 1729. 
 
 Two pieces of land. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde.
 
 282 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 949 JUAN DE TAFOYA ALTAMIRANO and Antonio de 
 Tafoya. 
 
 In the matter of the use of the water of the Santa Clara 
 river, 1734. Refused to them by Gervasio Cruzat y Gon- 
 gora, Governor. 
 
 Reported Claim of the pueblo of Santa Clara and No. 
 942, q. V. 
 
 Petition of Juan de Tafoya and Antonio de Tafoya, 
 asking for the privilege of cultivating land in the Caiiada 
 of Santa Clara. They state that they had been settled in 
 the Canada for ten years, but had not been permitted to 
 cultivate lands there because of the objections made by 
 the Indians of Santa Clara on account of the scarcity of 
 water in the stream which comes down from the Canada ; 
 that there was a spring in the canada which they could 
 use without interfering with the water of the river, and 
 numerous pieces of land which produced crops without ir- 
 rigation. They requested the governor to send some re- 
 liable person to investigate the truth of their statements, 
 and, in case the conditions should be as they alleged, they 
 asked that they be allowed to cultivate the lands referred 
 to. 
 
 This petition was presented to Governor Cruzat y Gon- 
 gora on March 4, 1734, and he immediately ordered the 
 lieutenant-general Don Juan Paez Hurtado, to inspect 
 the lands in question, and make report to him. 
 
 This was done by Paez Hurtado on March 8, 1834, in the 
 presence of the governor of the pueblo of Santa Clara, 
 the interpreter, and five other principal men of the pu- 
 eblo, and also the two Tafoyas, Juan and Antonio. 
 
 Paez Hurtado stated that he went up the canada on one 
 side of the river and came down on the other; that he 
 found the spring of water on the south side, about 60 
 paces from the river, that it discharged its waters into a 
 marsh, and the latter into the river ; that he examined the 
 pieces of land which the Tafoyas said could be cultivated 
 without irrigation, and which they had been cultivating 
 for ten years, and that they were under irrigation; that 
 the governor of the pueblo said that it was all irrigated 
 because there were some lateral ditches in the midst of the 
 fields ; that the Tafoyas said these ditches were to irrigate 
 some of the more elevated parts of the lands, and this 
 statement was corroborated by an Indian named Antonio, 
 a native of Santa Clara.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 283 
 
 The report of Paez Hurtado was transmitted to Gov- 
 ernor Cruzat y Gongora on March 10, 1734, and on the 
 13th of that month he decided that the prayer of the pe- 
 titioners could not be granted. 
 
 950 DIEGO DE TORRES. Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz. 
 1731. 
 
 Petition in the matter of the settlement of the grant made 
 to Xptobal de Torres on the Chama. Gervasio Cruzat y 
 Gongora, Governor. No. 943, q. v. 
 
 951 BALTAZAR ROMERO to Baltazar Truxillo. 1732. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 109, q. v. 
 
 952 JUAN and ANTONIO TAFOYA. 
 
 Petition. 1733. For lands in the Canada de Santa Clara. 
 Refused. Gervasio Cruzat y Gongora, Governor. Nos. 
 972 and 949, q. v. Also the Santa Clara Grant. 
 
 Petition by Juan and Antonio Tafoya to Governor Cru- 
 zat, alleging that they had been in possession of a tract of 
 lands in the Canada de Santa Clara for eight years, which 
 tract had been granted to them by Don Juan Domingo de 
 Bustamante; that they had cultivated the land all the 
 time; that while they were in quiet and peaceable posses- 
 sion of it, they received a written order from Miguel de 
 Archibeque, chief alcalde of Santa Cruz, to present to 
 him the titles they held to said tract; that having com- 
 plied with said order, a few days later the alcalde died; 
 that although they had endeavored to recover their title 
 papers they were unable to find them, even in the hands 
 of the executors. In view of all this they ask the gov- 
 ernor to make them a new grant of the premises, stating 
 the boundaries to be on the east by the boundaries of the 
 puehlo of Santa Clara, on the west by the main mountain 
 range, on the south by a table-land called that of San Ilde- 
 fonso, and on the north by the lands of Juan de Mestas. 
 
 This petition was presented to the governor on Novem- 
 ber 12, 1733, and he thereupon ordered the petitioners to 
 present witnesses before Antonio de Ulibarri, chief al- 
 calde of Santa Fe, to prove the making of the grant by 
 Governor Bustamante. 
 
 Subsequently this was done, the petitioners at different 
 times presenting five witnesses, whose sworn statements 
 were reduced to writing, and made a part of the record. 
 
 These depositions showed that the grant undoubtedly
 
 284 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 had been made by Governor Bustamante ; that possession 
 had been given by the chief alcalde, Captain Cristobal de 
 Torres; that the Indians had objected to the grantees be- 
 ing permitted to cultivate any lands on the tract granted, 
 because such cultivation would interfere with the supply 
 of water in the Santa Clara river, on which stream they 
 depended for the cultivation of their own fields; that the 
 Tafoyas then stated they did not want the grant for agri- 
 cultural purposes but only as a ranch; that the Indians 
 had no objections to it being used for that purpose, and 
 that possession was given with that understanding. 
 
 Also it was shown that the Tafoyas had settled the land, 
 built houses, opened up the lands, and even built a chapel. 
 
 In view of the foregoing. Governor Cruzat y Gongora, 
 on November 20, 1733, stated that the possession which 
 had been given of the tract should be understood as ap- 
 plying only to a ranch, and not to planting lands. 
 
 On November 26, 1733, this decision was made known 
 to the Tafoyas by the chief alcalde of Santa Cruz, Captain 
 Juan Esteban Garcia de Noriega, and the Tafoyas, after 
 hearing and understanding it, stated that they still had 
 some statements to make in regard to the possession. 
 
 The document abruptly ends in that way. 
 
 953 PHELIPE TAMAEIS, for his wife, Magdalena Baca. 
 1734. 
 
 Claim for house and lands against Francisco Guerrero. 
 Santa Fe. Compromised. Gervasio Cruzat y Gongora 
 Governor. 
 
 Felipe Tamaris was a vecino in 1733 and 1734 ; married 
 Magdalena Vaca, daughter of Ignacio Vaca and Juana de 
 Almazan; there are four of Tamaris 's signatures, the 
 last being certified to by Antonio de Ulibarri. 
 
 954 SALVADOR de TORRES, Xptobal Tafoya, Josefa de 
 Torres, Juan Joseph de la Cerda, Miguel Montoya, 
 Juan Truxillo, Miguel Martin Serrano, Francisco 
 Truxillo, Vincente Xiron, and Bartolome Truxillo. 
 
 Petition. 1734. Lands on the Chama at Abiquiu. Grant 
 made by Gervasio Cruzat y Gongora, Governor. Posses- 
 sion given by Juan Paez Hurtado, Teniente General. 
 
 955 JOSEPH ANTONIO de TORRES. Petition. 1735. 
 
 Land at Abiquiu. Grant made by Juan Paez Hurtado,
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 285 
 
 Acting Captain-General. Revoked by Cruzat y Gongora, 
 Governor. 
 
 956 TOWN of TOME. Grant. 1739. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 2, q. v. 
 
 The grant to the Town of Tome was made in the year 
 1739 ; the new settlement was called " Niiestra Senora de la 
 Coiicepcion de Tome Dominguez" and was named for the 
 celebrated Captain Thome Dominguez de Mendoza, who 
 owned a rancho near by prior to the pueblo rebellion of 
 1680. The grant is as follows: 
 
 "Sir Senior Justice: — All the undersigned appear be- 
 fore you, and all and jointly, and each one for himself, 
 state, that in order that his excellency the governor may 
 be pleased to donate to them the land called Thome Do- 
 minguez, granted to those who first solicited the same, 
 and who declined settling thereon, we therefore ask that 
 the land be granted to us; we therefore pray you to be 
 pleased [eaten by mice] at that time [eaten by mice] said 
 settlers, we being disposed to settle upon the same within 
 the time prescribed by law ; we pray you to be pleased to 
 give us the grant which you have caused to be returned, 
 as you are aware that our petition is founded upon ne- 
 cessity and justice, our present condition being very lim- 
 ited, with scarcity of wood, pasture for our stock, and un- 
 able to extend our cultivation and raising of stock in this 
 Town of Alburquerque on account of the many foot-paths 
 encroaching upon us, and not permitted to reap the ben- 
 efits of what we raise, and, in a measure, not even our 
 crops on account of a scarcity of water, and with most of 
 us our lands are of little extent and much confined, etc." 
 
 • ••••••• 
 
 The original settlers were : Juan Barela, Jose Salas, Juan 
 Ballejos, Manuel Carillo, Juan Montaiio, Domingo Sedillo, 
 Matias Romero, Bernardo Ballejo, Gregorio Jaramillo, 
 Francisco Sanches, Pedro Romero, Felipe Barela, Lugardo 
 Ballejos, Agustin Gallegos, Alonzo Perea, Tomas Samorra, 
 Nicolas Garcia, Ignacio Baca, Salvador Manuel, Francisco 
 Silva, Francisco Rivera, Juan Antonio Zamora, Miguel 
 Lucero, Joachim Sedillo, Simon Samorra, Xptobal Galle- 
 hos, Juan Ballejos, grandc, Jacinto Barela, and Diego 
 Gonzales. 
 
 This petition was presented to Juan Gonzales Bas, chief 
 alcalde of Alburquerque and by him referred to the gov- 
 ernor and captain-general, Don Caspar Domingo de Men-
 
 286 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 doza, who made the grant, and possession was given on 
 July 30, 1739, by Don Juan Gonzales Bas, the boundaries 
 being: on the west the Rio del Norte; on the south the 
 place commonly called "Los Tres Alamos"; on the east 
 the main ridge of the Sandia Mountains, and on the north 
 the point of the Cienega at the liill called Thome Domin- 
 guez. 
 
 957 FRANCISCO RENDON to Cayetano Tenorio. Santa 
 Fe. 1739. 
 
 House and land. Antonio Montoya, Alcalde. 
 
 958 MANUEL VELASQUEZ to Bernardino Truxillo. 
 Santa Fe. 1739. 
 
 Land on the other side of the Rio de Santa Fe. Antonio 
 Montoya, Alcalde. 
 
 959 ANTONIO DOMINGUEZ to Antonio Tafoya. Santa 
 Fe. 1739. 
 
 Land in Santa Fe. Antonio Montoya, Alcalde. 
 
 960 DIEGO GAYTAN to Bernardino Truxillo. Santa Fe. 
 1739. 
 
 House and land in Santa Fe. Antonio Montoya, Alcalde. 
 
 961 PHELIPE TAFOYA. 
 
 Grant. Santa Fe. 1742. Land near Santa Fe known as 
 the Rancho de Velasquez. Gaspar Domingo de Mendoza, 
 Governor. Possession given by Antonio de Ulibarri, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 962 TOMAS de TAPIA. Grant. Santa Fe. 1742. 
 
 The land designated in the grant made to Phelipe Ta- 
 foya. No. 961, q. V. Gaspar Domingo de Mendoza, Gov- 
 ernor. 
 
 963 JOSEPH DE RIAnO TAGLE. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe. 1743. Also inventory of his estate. 
 Testimonio certified by Antonio de Hulibarri, Alcalde. 
 
 964 JOSEPH DE RIA5J0 TAGLE. 
 
 Will and inventory and partition of his estate. Santa Fe. 
 1743. No. 963. 
 
 Joseph Antonio de la Fuente. Santa Fe. 1743. Peti- 
 tion for the settlement of the estate of Ana Maria Baca,
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 287 
 
 widow of Joseph Griego, she having died intestate. Gaspar 
 Domingo de Mendoza, Governor. 
 
 Don Jose de Riaiio y Tagle was a native of the kingdom 
 of Castile, archbishopric of Burgos, mountains of San- 
 tander, in the Villa de Santillana. He was the son of Don 
 Jacinto Riaiio and Dona Teresa de Tagle Bustamante. His 
 wife was Dona Maria Roybal, daughter of Don Ignacio 
 Roybal and Doiia Francisca Gomez Robledo. Of this mar- 
 riage there was one son, Jose Riaiio. His place of resi- 
 dence was at "El Alamo," in Santa Fe county. He also 
 had a fine residence in the City of Santa Fe, on lower San 
 Francisco street, which had a garden, orchard, and ex- 
 tended from the street to the river. Both of these places 
 he purchased from Dona Maria Fernandez de la Pedrera. 
 Riaiio was an intimate friend of Captain Juan Jose Lo- 
 bato. The Juez Eclesiastico and vicario Don Santiago 
 Roybal was his brother-in-law, as was also Don Juan Jose 
 Moreno. 
 
 This will, owing to the sudden illness of the testator 
 and the impossibility of obtaining other, is written upon 
 a small piece of paper. He was a very wealthy man for 
 the period; he was a slave owner (negroes) and owned a 
 land grant at the Piedra Lumbre. Lugarda Lujan was 
 his god-daughter. The will provides that six thousand 
 pesos be set aside as patrimony for his son, Jose, who was 
 dedicated to the priesthood. Don Jose Miguel de la 
 Peiia's signature appears in the inventory. 
 
 At this period oxen were worth $25.00, bulls $16.00, 
 steers $20.00, calves $6.00, cows $16, mares $15.00 ; a gun 
 was worth $40.00 and a pair of silk stockings, gold em- 
 broidered were worth $8.00 ; a saddle, silver mounted, was 
 valued at $120.00, and a sword with silver hook and 
 handle, $50.00 ; a pair of spurs with straps were valued 
 at $30.00. Sheep sold for $2.00, wethers or ewes. The 
 place called San Jose del Alamo, his country residence, 
 was two stories in height, with corridors, and contained 
 thirteen rooms. 
 
 965 JOSEPH MARIANO de los DOLORES ITURRIETA 
 and OTHERS. 
 
 Petition. Lands at Xemes. 1744. Of no effect. Joachin 
 Codallos y Rabal, Governor. 
 
 966 JOSE TERRUS. 
 
 Will. 1745. Santa Fe. Antonio de Hulibarri, Alcalde
 
 288 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 967 CRISTOBAL TAFOYA and OTHERS. 
 
 Partition of lands. 1745. Reported Claim No. 109, q. v. 
 Francisca Antonia Crijosa Grant. 
 
 Gijosa Grant; Reported No. 109, has an area of about 
 1557 acres, a part of which conflicts with the grant to the 
 pueblo of Taos. The grant was confirmed by the court 
 of private land claims and under the decree and survey 
 it was found that the grant had more than 16,000 acres. 
 The conflict under the new survey with the Taos Pueblo 
 Grant was entirely eliminated. It was patented October 
 26, 1908. 
 
 968 LUGARDA QUINTANA. 
 
 Will. Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz. 1749. Ilario Ar- 
 chuleta, Alcalde. 
 
 969 JUAN TOMAS LOBATO to Pedro Antonio Truxillo. 
 
 1750. Santa Fe. 
 
 Land at Buena Vista. Joseph de Bustamante (y Tagle), 
 Alcalde. 
 
 970 HEIRS OF MANUEL TRUXILLO and Maria de la 
 Candelaria Gonzales, his wife. Santa Fe. 1751. 
 
 Partition of estate. Names of the heirs: Maria Fran- 
 cisca Trujillo, Antonio Marcela Truxillo. Manuel Gal- 
 legos, Alcalde. 
 
 971 PEDRO TRUXILLO and Bartolome Martin to Cristo- 
 bal Truxillo. 1751. 
 
 Lands on the Rio Pojoaque. Juan Joseph Lobato, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 972 BLAS TRUXILLO to Maria Rosa de Mestas. 1751. 
 
 Lands on the Rio de Jojoaque. Juan Joseph Lobato, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 973 JUAN TRUXILLLO in the name of Pedro, Francisca, 
 Josepha Truxillo, minor heirs, and for himself to An- 
 tonio Truxillo. Pojoaque. 1751. 
 
 Lands on the Rio de Pojoaque. Juan Joseph Lobato, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 974 FRANCISCO ANAYA ALMAZAN to Teresa Tenorio. 
 
 House and land in Santa Fe, 1751. Manuel Gallegos, Al- 
 calde.
 
 
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 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 289 
 
 975 LAS TRAMPAS GRANT. 
 
 Settlement of 1751; Reported Claim No. 27. 
 
 Grant and Roj^al Possession, and Donation of Sebas- 
 tian Martin, in favor of the resident settlers, included 
 here in at the new settlement of the place called "Santo 
 Tomas del Rio de Las Trampas." 
 
 At the Town of Nuestra Senora de la Soledad del Rio 
 Arriba, on the first of July, in the year one thousand 
 seven hundred and fifty-one, before me, Captain Juan 
 Jose Lovato, chief justice and war-captain of all this juris- 
 diction, appeared Captain Sebastian Martin, resident of 
 said town, and declared: That, whereas, he has reliable 
 information that Don Thomas Velez Cachupin, governor 
 and captain-general of this kingdom, intends, as good gov- 
 ernments should do, to settle the place called Santo Tomas 
 Apostol del Rio de Las Trampas, with twelve families, 
 consisting of the following named citizens; Juan de Ar- 
 guello, Melchor Rodriguez, Antonio Dominguez, Pedro 
 Felipe Rodriguez, Eusebio de Leyba, Luis de Leyba, Juan 
 Jose de Arguello, Juan Garcia, Salvador Baca, Ygnacio 
 Vargas, Vicente Lucero, and Jose de Aragon, and consid- 
 ering that said settlement will redound to the service of 
 His Majesty (wiiom may God preserve) and to the pub- 
 lic weal, he grants, donates, and conveys, according to 
 law, to the above mentioned citizens, a piece of land from 
 his possession, which adjoins said settlement, in order 
 that it may have sufficient land for cultivation on both 
 sides of the Trampas river; that from the Pefiasco del 
 Cafioncito to the main road; said piece of land, on being 
 measured, contains one thousand six hundred and forty 
 varas, and in proportion the proper amount of land in a 
 direct line from south to north, to have, use and culti- 
 vate it for themselves, their children, heirs and successors, 
 and barter, sell and dispose of the same, for which pur- 
 pose he assigns and transfers to the aforesaid citizens all 
 the royal and personal title he had to said lands, granting 
 the same to them free of all tax, tribute, mortgage, or 
 other encumbrance, for which neither himself, his chil- 
 dren, heirs, or successors will enter suit, dispute, or com- 
 plaint against them, and if he should do so he requests not 
 to be heard in court or out of court, as said land is do- 
 nated freely and voluntarily, for the just ends above ex- 
 pressed, and for which he resigns his own rights, resi- 
 dence and vicinity, under the law cit combenerit, and the
 
 290 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 general law in reference to the matter, acknowledging this 
 deed to be good, and (valid) any want of form to the 
 contrary notwithstanding, and for its greater force and 
 validity, he requested me, the aforesaid senior justice, to 
 interpose my judicial decree, which I certify to have in- 
 terposed, acting as appointed judge, with two attending 
 witnesses, in the absence of public or royal notaries, with- 
 in the limits provided by law ; said conveyor did not sign 
 this document, as he has an impediment in his sight, and 
 it is executed at the aforesaid town on the day and date 
 above mentioned, to all of which I certify. 
 
 Este — duplicate — valid. Juan Jose Lobato 
 
 Acting Judge — attending : 
 
 Juan Domingo Lovato 
 
 In the City of Santa Fe, on the fifteenth day of the 
 month of July, one thousand seven hundred and fifty- 
 one, I, Don Thomas Velez Cachupin, governor of this 
 kingdom of New Mexico and castellan of its royal gar- 
 rison, stated: That whereas, in the general visit made 
 by me, in conformity with royal orders throughout the 
 entire extent of this kingdom, as will appear by reference 
 to several decrees, it appears that the inhabitants of this 
 said city have increased to a great extent, many of whom 
 are yet of a youthful age, consequently there is not land 
 or water sufficient for their support, neither have they 
 any other occupation, trades, or means of traffic, excepting 
 agriculture and the raising of stock; and whereas, in the 
 King's domains which are unoccupied, there are lands 
 which up to this time are uncultivated, and which will 
 yield comforts to those who cultivate them, and where 
 such persons as shall be named in this town, who have no 
 occupation or employment, can settle upon and cultivate 
 such lands as shall be assigned to them, from which the 
 further benefit will result that the hostile Indians will 
 not travel over them, and will serve as a barrier against 
 their entrance to despoil the interior settlements. In 
 view of all which, and whereas one of the said sites is 
 called Santo Thomas Apostol del Rio de las Trampas, 
 situate in the vicinity of the settlement of Santa Barbara, 
 therefore, I hereby assign and distribute said site in the 
 manner and to the persons following : 
 
 To Juan de Arguello, one hundred and eighty varas of 
 wheat-growing land, with corresponding water, pastures, 
 and watering places, entrances and exits, without injury 
 to third parties.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 291 
 
 To Melchor Rodriguez, the same hundred and eighty 
 varas as the foregoing. 
 
 To Antonio Dominguez, the same amount and number 
 of varas as the preceding one. 
 
 To Pedro Felipe Rodriguez, the same, one hundred and 
 eighty varas, without variation. 
 
 To Eusebio de Leyva is assigned the same amount of 
 land, under the same conditions. 
 
 Luis de Leyva is placed on an equality with the others 
 in lands and measurements. 
 
 To Juan Jose de Arguello is assigned the same quantity 
 with the conditions above prescribed. 
 
 To Juan Garcia is assigned the same amount of one 
 hundred and eighty varas. 
 
 To Salvador Vaca a like grant of land is made, with 
 the measurements and conditions above-mentioned. 
 
 To Ygnacio Vargas, in the same manner, are assigned 
 one hundred and eighty varas of land. 
 
 To Vicente Lucero will be given the same amount, in 
 comformity with the above. 
 
 To Joseph de Arragon, who is the last of the twelve 
 heads of families, the same amount of land, in conformity 
 with the conditions imposed on the balance, above de- 
 scribed. 
 
 To whom, for the reasons above stated, I grant, in the 
 name of his Majesty, (whom may God preserve) two 
 thousand one hundred and sixty varas of arable land, all 
 of which are wheat-growing and under irrigation, in the 
 caiion and streams of the Trampas river, which runs from 
 east to west, for themselves, their children, successors, and 
 other legal — (torn); to have, cultivate, and reap the 
 benefit of its fruits, crops, and other profits, without in- 
 jury to third parties; and considering that this quantity 
 of wheat-growing land will not be sufficient, on account 
 of the increase of their families, and as in the caiion or 
 place where they are to settle, from east to west, there 
 are no other lands under irrigation that they can use, 
 and whereas there are two caiions, called De los Alamos 
 and Ojo Sarco, south of the Trampas river, which, al- 
 though not susceptible of irrigation, are most fertile and 
 of good quality, I also grant them to the above-mentioned 
 persons, to be equally divided between them, in the same 
 manner as the two thousand one hundred and sixty varas, 
 assigning them as boundaries a narrow made by the river, 
 where it joins the mountain, on the east; on the west the
 
 292 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 narrows (Angostura) of the river, to where the grant 
 made to Sebastian Martin terminates, and drawing a 
 straight line from the Angostura towards the south to the 
 summit of the Caiiada del Ojo Sareo; on the north, the 
 boundary of the puehlo of Picuries ; and on condition that 
 they shall not sell, transfer or convey, or in other manner 
 dispose of all or a portion of said lands, until the expira- 
 tion of the four years provided by law, and not even then 
 to ecclesiastics, convents, colleges, or other communities. 
 And Juan Joseph Lovato, the chief justice of the town 
 of Caiiada, will give the royal and personal possession to 
 all in common, and to each one in particular, of their re- 
 spective tracts; and for that purpose and the other pur- 
 poses herein mentioned, and concerning the authentic 
 documents thereunto appertaining, he is hereby commis- 
 sioned as the law requires, and after having executed all 
 the necessarj^ acts and decrees in the premises, he will 
 return them complete to this government. 
 
 Further, in regard to Sebastian Martin having [torn] 
 made a donation of a piece of land, with what has been 
 before stated, I approve said (donation), and interpose 
 my authority and judicial (decree) including them in the 
 two thousand one hundred and sixty varas, with which 
 they will have sufficient. All of which I, the said gover- 
 nor, have determined, after mature deliberation, desiring 
 the service of the king and the public good. And I so 
 ordered and signed, acting with two attending witnesses, 
 in the absence of a public or royal notary, there being 
 none in this kingdom. To all of which I certify. 
 
 Thomas Velez Cachupin 
 
 Thomas de Alvear Y Collado 
 
 Thoribio Ortiz 
 
 At this place of Santo Thomas Apostol del rio de las 
 Trampas, I, Juan Joseph Lovato, chief justice and war- 
 captain of the new city of Santa Cruz and its districts, by 
 virtue of the commission conferred upon me by Don 
 Thomas Velez Cachupin, governor and captain-general of 
 this kingdom of New Mexico, and in conformity with the 
 directions therein contained, I placed the aforementioned 
 citizens in royal and personal possession, according to the 
 decree of his excellency, after having performed all the 
 ceremonies directed by the royal ordinances. Joseph 
 Zamora, Manuel Martin, and Juan Fresque, being present 
 and acting as instrumental witnesses, having been sum-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 293 
 
 moned by me for that purpose, the distribution, centre, 
 and boundaries being as follows [torn] : The residences 
 and dwellings of the twelve families, fifty-seven and one- 
 half varas, were set aside towards (the four points of the 
 compass) leaving for drippings, enclosures, stables, and 
 other objects of that nature [the following fifteen lines in 
 the original are so much torn as to be unintelligible] 
 sixty-one varas in equal parts on the southern side, one 
 hundred and eighty varas belong to Juan de Arguello; 
 one hundred and eighty varas to Eusebio de Leyba; to 
 Vicente Lucero another hundred and eighty varas of land ; 
 to Juan Garcia a like one hundred and eighty varas of 
 land; to Jose Aragon another hundred and eighty varas 
 of land ; Juan Joseph Arguello also received one hundred 
 and eighty varas of land ; to Melchior Rodriguez the same, 
 one hundred and eighty varas of land; to Pedro Phelipe 
 Rodriguez another one hundred and eighty varas of land ; 
 to Salvador Baca, in consequence of the arable land hav- 
 ing become narrower as it entered the caiion, were as- 
 signed two hundred varas of land ; and considering that a 
 gulch in the centre of the fields prevents [torn] the same 
 amount of one hundred and eighty varas which is [torn] 
 received in possession, establishing the boundaries in di- 
 rect lines, [the remaining portion of the original docu- 
 ment, with the exception of the last four lines, is torn in 
 half and illegible], in the absence of a royal or public 
 notary, and it is done at the aforesaid place of Santa 
 Thomas Apostol, on the twentieth day of the month of 
 July, in the year one thousand seven hundred and fifty- 
 one, to all of which I certify. 
 
 Juan Joseph Lovato, Acting Judge. 
 
 Francisco Zisneros 
 
 Antonio Joseph Lovato 
 
 976 BARTOLOIVIE TRUJILLO. 
 
 Grant, 1752. Rancho de San Joseph de Garcia. At San- 
 ta Rosa de Abiquiii. This is the second time that tliis 
 land was granted to this grantee, the first having been 
 made in 1734 by Juan Paez Hurtado. Tomas Veles Cachu- 
 pin. Governor. 
 
 977 FRANCISCA CADENA to Jose Torres. Santa Fe. 
 1753. 
 
 House and land. Nicolas Ortiz, Alcalde.
 
 294 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 978 MARIA LUISA CADENA to Jose Torres. Santa Fe. 
 1753. 
 
 Land. Nicolas Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 979 ANTONIO de ARMIJO to Josepha Thenorio. Santa 
 Fe. 1755. 
 
 House and land. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 980 ISIDRO MARTIN to Getrudis Trugillo. Santa Fe. 
 
 1757. 
 
 House and land. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Phelipe 
 Sandoval Fernandez. 
 
 981 SANTIAGO de ROIBAL, vieario, etc., to Phelipe Ta- 
 
 foya. Santa Fe. 1758. 
 
 Land in Puehlo Quemado, about one league distant from 
 Santa Fe. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 982 MANUEL de SENA to Miguel Tafoya. Santa Fe. 
 1758. 
 
 House and land. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 983 ANTONIO DURAN de ARMIJO, el Chico, to Fran- 
 cisco Trugillo. Santa Fe. 1759. 
 
 House and land on San Francisco street. 
 
 984 LUIS FRANCISCO de LEYBA to Juan de Tafoya. 
 
 Santa Fe. 1759. 
 
 House and land in Santa Fe. Francisco Guerrero, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 985 JACINTO PEREA to Juan Tafoya. Santa Fe. 1761. 
 
 Land at the place called El Pino. Manuel Gallegos, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 986 TOMAS ROIBAL to Juan Tafoya. Santa Fe. 1762. 
 
 House and land. Manuel Gallego, Alcalde. 
 
 987 MARCIAL TORRES of Taos Valley. 1762. 
 
 Inventory and partition of his estate. Francisco Marin 
 del Valle, Governor. 
 
 988 FRANCISCO RAEL de AGUILAR to Martin Torres. 
 Santa Fe. 1763. 
 
 House and land. Manuel Gallego, Alcalde.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 295 
 
 989 PASCUALA VASQUEZ to Cristobal Tapia. Santa 
 Fe. 1764. 
 
 Land. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 990 ANTONIO GONZALES of Alameda. 
 
 In the matter of the settlement of his estate. Nicolasa 
 Gonzales by her attorney, Antonio Casimiro Trujillo vs. 
 Josepha Barela, her mother-in-law. Tomas Velez Cach- 
 upin, Governor. 
 
 991 MARIA BACA and Domingo cle Luna, lier husband, 
 
 by their attorney, Miguel Thenorio de Alva, to Miguel 
 
 Tafoya. Santa Fe. 1767. 
 
 A tract of land in the Canada called Guicu, acquired by 
 said Maria Baca by inheritance from her father, Nicolas 
 Baca. Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta, Governor. Fran- 
 cisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 992 NICOLAS MORAN to Miguel Thenorio de Alva. 
 Santa Fe, 1767. 
 
 Land in Buena Vista. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. 
 
 993 JUAN MARTIN to Manuel Teyes (Telles). Pojoaque. 
 
 1769. 
 
 Tract of land on the Rio del Norte. Antonio Joseph Or- 
 tiz, Alcalde. 
 
 994 MARIA FRANCISCA TRUXILLO. San Geronimo 
 de Taos. 1770. 
 
 Will. Antonio Harmijo (Armijo), Alcalde. 
 
 995 PHELIPE TAFOYA. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe, 1771. Pedro Fermin de IMendinueta, 
 Governor. 
 
 996 ANTONIO ELIAS MARTIN to Manuel Trujillo. San- 
 ta Fe. 1772. 
 
 Land. Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. 
 
 997 CAYETANO TORRES. Intestate. Sabinal. 1780. 
 
 Inventory and partition of his estate. Juan Francisco 
 Baca, Alcalde. 
 
 998 ANTONIO TAFOYA. 
 
 Jose ]\laldonado, Teniente.
 
 296 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 999 CARLOS FERNANDEZ to Vincente Troncoso. Santa 
 Fe. 1786. 
 
 House in said city. Antonio Jose Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 1000 JOSEPH MANUEL TRUJILLO. Will San Joseph 
 
 de Chania. 1770-1785. 
 
 Proceedings in the administration of his estate, etc. Juan 
 Bautista de Anza, Governor. 
 
 The town of Chamita had a grant. Reported No. 36. 
 File No. 64, which lies west of the Rio del Norte and al- 
 most entirely within the boundaries of the grant to the 
 pueblo of San Juan. It was confirmed June 21, 1860, but 
 has not been patented. 
 
 1001 BARBARA TRUXILLO, of the Vallecito de Xemes, 
 vs. Bautista Gonzales. 1794. 
 
 In the matter of lands sold to defendant by her father- 
 in-law, Paulin Montoya, etc. Papers incomplete, Miguel 
 Canelas, Comandante Accidental y Capitan Graduado de 
 este Real Presidio. 
 
 1002 JOSEPH and MARIANO TRUXILLO of SaUnal and 
 Abiquiu, vs. Adauto Isidro Fresquis. 1801. 
 
 In the matter of title to a certain rancho. Manuel Garcia 
 de la Mora, Alcalde. 
 
 1003 MANUEL THENORIO de ALVA vs. Heirs of Juan 
 Domingo Romero. Santa Fe. 1810. 
 
 In the matter of a piece of land in the Cienega. Man- 
 rique, Governor. Bartolome Fernandez. 
 
 1004 HEIRS OF CHRISTOBAL TORRES vs. Ignacio, 
 Juan Lorenzo and Rosalia Valdez. No date. 
 
 Protest against grant of land at Chama. No action. 
 
 1005 FRANCISCO TRUXILLO, Bartolome Marquez, and 
 Diego Padilla. 
 
 Petition for lands on the Pecos. No action. 1813. 
 
 This is the Los Trigos Land Grant. The original pe- 
 tition was addressed to the governor of New Mexico, ]\Iay 
 26, 1814, Don Jose Manrique. The petitioners asked for 
 a tract of uncultivated land situate in the place called Los 
 Trigos, as far as El Gusano, independent of the league 
 of the Indians of the puehlo of Pecos. The matter was
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 297 
 
 referred to the corporation of Santa Fe, at that time com- 
 posed of the following: 
 
 Matias Ortiz, Antonio Ortiz, IManuel Gallegos, Juan de 
 Dios Sena, Ignacio Ortiz, Manuel Delgado, Juan Esteban 
 Pino, Francisco Ortiz, Felipe Sandoval, Francisco Ortiz, 
 Jr., and Francisco Montoya, Cristobal Ma. was secretary. 
 
 The "Ojito de las Ruedas" and " El Gusano" are 
 prominent places mentioned in the papers on file; these 
 were both the sites of old pueblos, the ruins of which may 
 still be seen, consisting today of covered mounds of earth ; 
 they were undoubtedly occupied in the time of the first 
 Spanish explorers, as these names have come down from 
 the seventeenth century. There is also an "Arroyo de 
 Las Ruedas" which empties into the Rio Pecos, 
 
 Don Domingo Fernandez is authority for the statement 
 that in 1822 the place was abandoned because of the hos- 
 tilities of the Apaches who killed a prominent Mexican, 
 named Vincente Villanueva, near Las Ruedas. 
 
 The first man to cultivate lands at Los Trigos was Don 
 Mariano Casados. 
 
 1006 FRANCISCO TRUJILLO. 
 
 Manrique, Governor. Manuel Garcia de la Mora, Alcalde. 
 Marcos Delgado, Secretary of the Ayuntamiento of Abi- 
 quiu. This paper is not complete. 
 
 1007 FRANCISCO TRUJILLO. Part of 1006. 
 
 No final action. 
 
 1008 IGNACIO TAFOYA and others. 1819. 
 
 Grant. Reported Claim No. 96. Canon de Carnuel. 
 
 1009 TOWN OF TECOLOTE. 
 
 Grant, 1824. Reported Claim No. 7. 
 
 The citizen, Salvador IMontoya, made petition for this 
 grant saying that he had no lands wherein to "scatter a 
 few grains of corn and other seed for my support and 
 that of the large family which I have." This petition 
 was filed with the constiturional justice at San iNIiguel 
 del Bado, Don Diego Padilla, October 8, 1824. The al- 
 calde thought the petition "rigorously .just" and sent the 
 same to the Territorial Deputation, that body at the time 
 being composed of the following: Bartolome Baca, presi- 
 dent; and the Seiiores Antonio Ortiz. Pedro Jose Perea, 
 Pedro Bautista Pino, Matias Ortiz and Juan Bautista
 
 298 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Vigil, secretary. The Deputation approved the petition 
 and the same was also approved by the political chief, 
 Don Bartolome Baca, it was approved by the surveyor- 
 general of New Mexico, December 31, 1856. Don Tomas 
 Sena, the constitutional justice of El Bado (San Miguel) 
 placed the petitioners in possession of the property on 
 the 23d day of April, 1825. This was a noted stopping 
 place on the Old Trail from the Missouri river to Santa 
 Fe. 
 
 1010 MANUEL TRUXILLO. San Miguel del Socorro. 
 
 1827. 
 
 Complaint against Santiago Torres, Alcalde, for ejectment 
 from lands granted to him in said place. Antonio Nar- 
 bona. Governor. No final action taken, 
 
 1011 JOSE TAFOYA vs. Jose Perea. Alameda. 1827. 
 
 Letter of Mariano Sanchez Vergara, Alcalde of Alameda, 
 in relation to a suit between the said parties. No final ac- 
 tion. 
 
 1012 GETRUDIS TAFOYA vs. Heirs of Santiago Garcia. 
 
 Alameda. 1827. 
 
 In the matter of title to lands inherited from her m.aternal 
 grandmother, Prudencia Gonzales. Manuel Armijo, Gov- 
 ernor. Cleto Miera y Pacheco, Alcalde. 
 
 1013 JOSE MANUEL TRUXILLO and 77 others. 
 
 Report of Cormnittee of the Territorial Assembly on their 
 Petition for lands at the Manzano. 1829. 
 
 1014 DOLORES JALOMO, Ignacio Niiio Ladron de Gue- 
 
 bara, Marcelino Abreu. 
 
 Registration of a mine. 1833. Antonio Narbona, Gov- 
 ernor. 
 
 1015 FRANCISCO BACA Y TERRUS. 
 
 Grant. 1839. Reported Claim No. 57. 
 
 1016 FRANCISCO BACA Y TERRUS. 
 
 Grant. 1840. Reported Claim No. 57. 
 
 1017 JUAN DE URIBARRI. Grant. 1709. 
 
 Land in the jurisdiction of Alhurquerque. Possession 
 not given. El Marques de la Penuela.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 299 
 
 1018 JUAN DE URIBARRI. 1709. 
 
 Registration of a mine. El Marques de la Peiiuela. 
 
 1019 JUAN DE URIBARRI. 1710. 
 
 Registration of a mine. El Marques de la Penuela. 
 
 1020 JUAN DE URIBARRI, Matias Madrid, Sebastian Du- 
 ran, Bartolome Lobato, Joseph Madrid, Simon de 
 Cordoba. 
 
 Petition for a tract of land near Chama. 1710. Granted 
 but no possession given. El Marques de la Penuela. 
 
 Roque IMadrid and others. Petition. 1712. Asking 
 that they be permitted to leave the Villa Nveva de Santa 
 Cruz and take possession of the old Villa de Yunque-Yun- 
 que on the Rio del Norte near Chama. Refused on the 
 ground that it would leave Santa Cruz without sufficient 
 defense. 
 
 El Marques de la Peiiuela. Juan Paez Hurtado, Ten- 
 iente General. 
 
 Bartolome Lovato and others. Villa Nueva de Santa 
 Cruz. Petition asking that they be declared the founders 
 of the Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz. 1712. Reply by 
 Juan Paez Hurtado, Teniente General. 
 
 BARTOLOME LOVATO and Others. 
 
 Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz. No date. Protest to the 
 Captain-General against his giving the land they had asked 
 for to Bartolome Sanchez. No action taken. 
 
 Andres Gonzales, Sebastian Duran, Diego IMarquez, 
 Bias Lobato, Simon de Cordoba. Captain Bartolome Lo- 
 bato, Jose Madrid, Tomas de Bejarana, Cristobal de Cas- 
 tran, Matias Madrid, and Ysabel de la Sema, who were 
 residents of the Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz, asked the gov- 
 ernor and captain-general, the Marques de la Peiiuela, 
 for a tract of land '^called in ancient times the Town of 
 Yunque" ; the petition was referred to Don Juan Paez 
 Hurtado. So that those interested may know, this archive 
 recites as follows : 
 
 'To the ancient place established hy the first founders 
 who came with Dn Juan de Onate, known as San Gabriel 
 and by other name the Town of Yunque." 
 
 These petitioners had been residents of the Villa Nueva 
 de Santa Cruz "since the year 1694." General Hurtado 
 declared that if these left Santa Cruz would practically 
 be abandoned and on March 30, 1712, reported adversely;
 
 300 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 the report was approved by the governor and captain-gen- 
 eral. 
 
 This archive also recites that the pueblo of Chama was 
 on the west bank of the Rio Grande and on the north 
 side of the Rio Chama, The petition is dated February 
 22, 1710. 
 
 Reference is also made to the reestablishment of the 
 new pueblo of Isleta. Captain Bartolome Lobato came 
 from Zacatecas. General Hurtado says that Cristobal 
 Rodarte and Cristobal Castro, Matias JNIadrid and Juan 
 Madrid were soldiers at El Paso in 1695 and that Diego 
 Marquez and Simon Cordoba were at that place also, 
 serving their fathers. 
 
 On page 5 the settlement of San Gabriel, made by Don 
 Juan de Onate in 1598, is referred to also as La Villa de 
 Yunque. 
 
 1021 ANTONIO DE URIBARRI vs. Xptobal Martin and 
 Antonia de Moraga. 
 
 Title to a piece of land in Chimayo. Phelix Martinez, 
 Governor. Xtobal Torres, Alcalde. 
 
 1022 ANTONIO de URIBARRI. Grant. 1735. 
 
 Land at Pueblo Colorado. Made by Juan Paez Hurtado 
 and revoked by Governor Cruzat y Gongora. Miguel Mar- 
 tin Serrano, Juan Estevan Garcia de Noriega. 
 
 This is a grant to Antonio de Ulibarri for a small piece 
 of land at a place called Pueblo Colorado, somewhere in 
 the district under the control of the chief alcalde of Santa 
 Cruz. 
 
 The only thing in the document that relates to Pueblo 
 Indians is the statement made by Ulibarri in his petition, 
 where he says that in the year 1733 he presented a peti- 
 tion to Governor Cruzat y Gongora. asking for a tract of 
 land adjoining the lands of the pueblo of San Felipe, and 
 the governor answered his petition by saying that he could 
 not make the grant because it would be to the prejudice 
 of the Indians, who had documents showing that they had 
 paid their money for it. 
 
 1023 PHELIPE DE APODACA to Juan Cayetano Vnuave. 
 Santa Fe. 1766. 
 
 House and land. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 301 
 
 1024 ANTONIO URBAN M0NTA5J0. Los Palacios. 
 
 Will. 1772. Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. 
 
 On June 15, 1754, Antonio Urban Montauo, a resident 
 of Santa Fe, registered a tract of land which at one time 
 was occupied by the pueblo of San Marcos. In the peti- 
 tion he describes an arroyo in that vicinity known as " Lo 
 de Basquez. " One boundary call is the "road leading to 
 the pueblo of Galisteo." He was given the property by 
 Governor Cachupin "with the understanding that he shall 
 not damage with his herds the commons and the pasture 
 of the horses of this royal garrison, nor the pasturage for 
 the herds kept for the supply and support of the soldiers 
 of the garrison, which are kept and pastured at those 
 places." 
 
 The turquoise mountain of Chalchuihuitl is mentioned 
 in the act of possession. Another boundary call is the 
 Sabinos Altos de Ckuacaco. 
 
 1025 TOMAS URIOSTE. Santa Fe. 1820. 
 
 Will. Jose Antonio Alarid, Sargento. 
 
 1026 JOSE FRANCISCO URIBARRI. San Miguel del 
 
 Bado. 1844. For himself and others. 
 
 Petition for re-validation of a tract of land within the 
 boundaries of Las Vegas called "La (S'awgfMtjMeZa." No ac- 
 tion taken. 
 
 1027. DIEGO DE VARGAS ZAPATA LUJAN PONCE de 
 
 LEON, Marques de la Nava de Brazinas. Santa Fe. 
 
 1704. Will. 
 
 IN THE NAME OF GOD ALMIGHTY — Know all 
 who may see this my last will and testament that I, Gen- 
 eral Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan Ponce de Leon, 
 Marques de la Nava Brazinas, Governor and Captain-Gen- 
 eral of this Kingdom and Provinces of New Mexico, by 
 His Majesty appointed, native of the imperial court of 
 Madrid in the Kingdom of Castile, being sick in bed with 
 the infirmity which God, Our Lord, has been pleased to 
 place upon me, believing as I firmly and truly do in the 
 mystery of the Holy Trinity, Father, Son and Holy Ghost, 
 three distinct persons and only one true God, receiving as 
 I do receive, as my intercessor, the Holy Virgin Mary, 
 mother of the divine and eternal Word, I confide my soul 
 to a most clear career of salvation, interceding with his
 
 302 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 worthy Son for forgiveness of all my sins, I do make or- 
 der and dispose and declare this to be my testament in 
 the manner and form following : — 
 
 Firstly : I commend my soul to God who created it with 
 the price of His precious blood, and my body to the earth 
 from which it was made. 
 
 And if His Divine Majesty shall be pleased to take me 
 away from the present life, I desire and it is my will 
 that a mass be said while the corpse is present in the 
 church of this town of Bernalillo, and afterwards the 
 same shall be taken to the Villa of Santa Fe and placed 
 and suspended in my bed selected as a bier and in the 
 same to be taken to the church of the said town of Santa 
 Fe and buried in said church at the principal altar under 
 the platform where the priest stands; this I ask as a 
 favor, said bier to be covered with honest woolen cloth 
 and buried according to military rites and the title cere- 
 monies and privileges of Castile, leading two horses eovf- 
 ered with the same cloth as the bier. 
 
 I order that on the said day of my funeral there be 
 distributed among the poor of said Town fifty measures 
 of corn and twelve head of cattle. 
 
 I declare, also, that since the eighth day of June of 
 last year. One thousand seven hundred and three, when 
 I left the City of Mexico, I have been indebted to the 
 Royal Treasury of His Majesty for the salary for two 
 years which was advanced to me, which at the rate of two 
 thousand dollars per annum will amount to four thousand 
 dollars, which the Most Excellent Duke of Alburquerque 
 ordered his officers and judges of the Court of Mexico to 
 deliver to me upon my giving a life security, and having 
 given the same wnth the Captains Don Joseph de Villa 
 Urritia, Knight of the Order of Alcantara, and the Major 
 Don Pedro de Tagle, Knight of the Order of Alcantara, 
 and also with Don Joseph Carrillo. Chief Officer of Fac- 
 torage of the Royal Exchequer {Minister of Finance). 
 
 I leave and assign for the payment and satisfaction of 
 the most of the account of which I may be indebted to 
 His Majesty from the day that God Our Lord may be 
 pleased to take me away said salary, and that the afore- 
 mentioned may not suffer or be compelled to pay any 
 amount, I assign as a special pledge two young negro 
 coachmen, of known age, for whom I paid six hundred 
 and sixty dollars, the excise tax having been paid by me 
 and which is mentioned in the receipts in my possession,
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 303 
 
 to which I refer; and my attorney will also deliver a 
 white mulatto woman named Josefa de la Cruz, twenty- 
 two years of age, the wife of Ygnacio, one of the two 
 coachmen, who was the slave of Don Juan Cristobal de 
 Palma y Mesa, councilman of the Royal Audience of 
 Guadalajara, the contract showing her value. 
 
 In the same manner my attorney and executor, the same 
 being my Lieutenant-General, Don Juan Paez Hurtado, 
 will remit or sell at the best obtainable prices the follow- 
 ing silverware: 
 
 1st: Thirty small silver dishes, the fifth part taken, 
 and twenty-four sealed with my coat-of-arms and weigh- 
 ing more than two marks. 
 
 Two large dishes which weigh twelve marks and 
 ounces. 
 
 Six candle-sticks, with my coat-of-arms, and two pairs 
 of candle snuffers, which weigh forty-two marks, more 
 or less. 
 
 Twelve silver porringers which weigh twelve ounces, 
 sealed with my coat-of-arms, the one-fifth part taken. 
 
 One salver bowl, gilded with a siren, weighing sixteen 
 and seventeen marks, more or less. , 
 
 One small silver keg, with stopper and chain, the one- 
 fifth part taken, weighing six marks. 
 
 One large plain tankard, weighing two marks and six 
 ounces. 
 
 Six silver forks and their silver tea-spoons, the fifth 
 part taken and weighing twelve ounces. 
 
 Three silver table spoons, weighing about two ounces. 
 
 One large silver fountain, engraved, one-fifth part taken 
 and weighing twenty-three marks. 
 
 Another small silver fountain, engraved with vine- 
 leaves, the one fifth taken, weighing thirteen marks. 
 
 One silver deep bowl, for sha\ang purposes, the one- 
 fifth taken and weighing twelve marks. 
 
 One large silver waiter, weighing fourteen ounces. 
 
 One silver basin, with my coat-of-arms, the one-fifth 
 taken and weighing nine marks. 
 
 One pair of pearl ear-rings, with eight fine emeralds, 
 each one and its pendants worth five hundred dollars. 
 
 One finger ring, with a rose diamond, checkered and 
 enameled in black, worth four hundred dollars. 
 
 Another finger ring with two diamonds, enameled in 
 black and gold, worth one hundred dollars.
 
 304 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Said silverware I leave to my testamentary executor to 
 be sold to the person or persons of his approval, the re- 
 turns to be remitted to the three said gentlemen, my said 
 sureties, in said court and City of Mexico, and in the same 
 manner he shall pay the balance of the freight upon 
 three boxes of gun-powder, whatever it may amount to, 
 together with the cost of hides, ropes and covers, for which 
 said amount I ask him to secure a receipt in full pay- 
 ment. 
 
 I also declare as my sons, although not by legitimate 
 wife, Don Juan Manuel de Vargas, of the age of twenty- 
 four years, and Don Alonzo de Vargas, of the age of 
 twenty-three years, and their sister Dona Maria Theresa, 
 who is with her mother in the City of Mexico, of the age 
 of nineteen years, who have been supported on my ac- 
 count and to whom I assign two thousand dollars in cash, 
 which are in a small cedar box, and more to make up said 
 amount there will be found in the silk warehouse, forty- 
 five dollars, it being understood that said amount of two 
 thousand dollars shall be divided among the three, the 
 two brothers and sister, in equal parts. 
 
 In the same manner I leave to the said Don Juan and 
 Don Alonzo de Vargas the two saddles which I have used ; 
 also two pairs of pistols, with the holsters ; the banners of 
 Anselm and Saint Michael, the Great, with the covers and 
 cushions ; two cloth suits which I have worn, one whitish 
 and the other blue, with the gold buttons, covered with 
 flesh color, and the whitish with its waist-coat and trou- 
 sers of brown cloth, adorned with flounces of gold and 
 silver; this I leave to my son, Don Juan Manuel, and the 
 other to my said son, Don Alonzo, together with a jacket 
 of blue brocade, and a pair of trousers of blue plush and 
 enough cloth of silk grogram for another pair; and fur- 
 thermore of the piece of camlet cloth which I have as- 
 signed, each one of my sons will make a new suit of cloth, 
 a coat and two pairs of trousers, lined with the color of 
 their selection of the listed cloth in the warehouse, with 
 silk buttons, and the jackets lined with the same listed 
 cloth; in the same manner I leave them six shirts, em- 
 broidered with the best of lace, three to each one; two 
 jerkins with eaten-moth laces, one to each; and of the 
 neckties which I have commonly used, I leave two to each 
 one of my said sons; further, four pairs of stockings of 
 genoba, two pairs to each, and I leave to my said son, Don 
 Alonzo, one pair of blue silk stockings, embroidered with
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 305 
 
 gold, and the pair which are silver curled to my son, Don 
 Juan; I leave them four pairs of bed-sheets, two to each, 
 with the embroidered pillow-cases ; I leave them four yards 
 of fine linen, to each of my two said sons ; to my said son, 
 Don Alonzo, I leave my two cloaks, one of fine native 
 cloth, and the other of gold color, lined with serge ; to my 
 said son, Don Juan, I leave the choice of the color of the 
 cloak lined wdth serge; I also leave them three pairs of 
 drawers, to each one, and one full piece of fine linen to be 
 used by them for handkerchiefs ; and I leave to them the 
 selection, to be taken to their mother and sister, a dress 
 pattern of fine camlet cloth, with the lining of the listed 
 cloth which they may like the best, and a pattern of pet- 
 ticoats of scarlet cloth from England, with the silk and 
 trimmings ; one silk mantle with fringe, for each one ; fur- 
 thermore, I leave them the two trunks which I have ; and 
 to my said son, Don Alonzo, I leave my fine sword hilt, 
 and to my said son, Don Juan, I leave my small sword; 
 and each one to have a leathern jacket, the one I have 
 used and another from the warehouse ; in the same man- 
 ner to take to the General at Parral one leathern jacket of 
 blue color and the stockings and gloves which I ordered 
 to be made; I also leave to them my leather case, large 
 elbow chair and eight ready mules, selected to the satis- 
 faction of my slave, the negro Andres, who, for having 
 rendered me good service with his great love and good will 
 ever since the year ninety-one, by this clause, I give him 
 liberty, with the understanding that he shall take my said 
 sons to the City of Mexico and remain with them such time 
 as he may see fit, and to whom will be given and provided 
 a saddle and two mules to his satisfaction, with a gun, 
 cover, cushions, bridle, reins and saddle-bag, hat, jacket 
 and a pair of trousers of cloth, and, in the same manner 
 will be given to my said sons one hundred pounds of 
 chocolate and sugar and twelve measures of wheat-made 
 dried bread, stockings, shoes, soap and hats for the said 
 journey, which they will make two months after my death, 
 or with the messenger who may take this notice of my death 
 and in their company will go Don Antonio Maldonado 
 Zapata, to whom I give four mules for pack animals and 
 two saddle mules, fifty pounds of chocolate and fifty of 
 sugar, four measures of wheat, six pairs of shoes, six 
 bundles of tobacco, six dollars' worth of soap and two 
 hats in order that he may accompany my two sons. 
 
 To my secretary of government and war, also, for the
 
 306 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 love I bear him, I make him the gift of what he may owe 
 me, and more, I leave him cloth of England enough for a 
 suit of four yards, with its listed linings and buttons, so 
 that with due care and legality he may assist my said 
 lieutenant-general, by these presents appointed my testa- 
 mentary executor. 
 
 To the accounts which I have with the soldiers, cor- 
 porals and officers of war of this garrison, paid in full 
 their year in advance, and to the others, owing small 
 sums, to pay them in full to their satisfaction upon the 
 settlement of their accounts. 
 
 There shall also be made an inventory of all of my 
 property, assigning first to my said Lieutenant-general 
 and compadre, Don Juan Paez Hurtado, the testamentary 
 executor and administrator, my black hat embellished with 
 blue and white feathers and my silver-laced cloak, lined 
 with blue plush, and a new jerkin with grogram and silk 
 lace and my gold cane. 
 
 To my said sons I leave my mourning suit and to the 
 said Don Antonio Maldonado Zapata, in consideration of 
 relationship and friendship, I leave to him all that he 
 may ow^e me on account of salary and furthermore, I give 
 him a pair of stockings of yellow color, embroidered with 
 silver, and one pair of socks. 
 
 Out of the inventory of my property when made, there 
 will be paid the parochial fee for the nine masses over the 
 corpse, to the Rev. Fr. Guardian, giving him one hun- 
 dred candles for the bier and fifty for the altars and those 
 Religious present ; I believe there is chocolate of my liking 
 in two baskets amounting to about two hundred and twen- 
 ty-five pounds, and the balance in what he may ask to be 
 paid in goods which may be left. 
 
 Relative to the great quantities of supplies with which 
 I have been supplied by the government and which appear 
 to have come in to the Villa of Santa Fe during the last 
 year, one thousand seven hundred and three, I submit the 
 bill of exchange which I have drawn in favor of said per- 
 sons. To Don Francisco Dias Tagle, resident of the City 
 of Mexico, I may be indebted as to that which may not 
 have been paid on the salary of one hundred soldiers of 
 the garrison of the Villa of Santa Fe, and their year paid 
 in advance began on the 16th day of December of last 
 year, one thousand seven hundred and three, and will end 
 in the present year, one thousand seven hundred and four, 
 and for the payment of said balance I assign to said chief
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 307 
 
 officer the goods of said inventory and also five hundred 
 and fifty head of cattle, furnishing the said soldiers as 
 usual from said stock and grain which are in ray ware- 
 house and in the house of Captain Diego Arias, the por- 
 tion which appears in the book of accounts, and at La 
 Canada in possession of Sylvestre Pacheco, and from the 
 one as well as from the others said soldiers shall be sup- 
 plied, all of which will be administered by my lieutenant 
 promptly, the soldiers making to him their obligations to 
 pay out of their salaries, and the new Governor who shall 
 come to make the payment for said soldiers out of their 
 salaries in the first payment to be made in the present 
 year one thousand seven hundred and four, in order that 
 the said soldiers may not be in need of the necessary sup- 
 port in their aid to the Royal service, for which and in 
 compliance with which the said soldiers shall give to my 
 said lieutenant the notes required by him for what may be 
 given to them and also giving to them thirty head of cat- 
 tle each month at the pleasure of my said lieutenant. 
 
 In the same manner I declare that I am indebted in the 
 City of Mexico to the Captain Don Juan de Bazoco in the 
 sum of two thousand one hundred and ninety dollars, pay- 
 able at the end of the month of May of the present year. 
 Furthermore, I am indebted to the Count of Fresno de la 
 Fuente as evidenced by a note of seven hundred and some 
 odd dollars, for the amount of my account which his pre- 
 decessor, Don Mathias de Munaris did not collect, and for 
 the payment of which I ask the Captain Don Antonio de 
 Valverde to pay the same on account of what he owes me 
 and to remit a bill of exchange to my said testamentary 
 executor to be by him enclosed with notice of my death to 
 the said Count de Fresno de la Fuente. 
 
 In the same manner will Don Antonio Valverde pay to 
 the Captain Don Francisco Sanchez de Tagle the balance 
 due on account of three boxes of gun-powder which was 
 gotten on my account in Mexico from the general con- 
 tractor and the lead which I gave as ammunition for the 
 journey, which he wall pay at the rate of one dollar and a 
 half for gun-powder and lead. 
 
 In the same manner said Captain Antonio Valverde will 
 pay in form convenient to himself and when agreeable, the 
 different accounts furnished to the soldiers of his garrison 
 and also for one box of soap which, at his request, I fur- 
 nished him at said garrison at El Paso del Norte. 
 
 I leave in full force and effect the testament made by me
 
 308 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 on the first day of June of last year, one thousand seven 
 hundred and three, in the City of Mexico, before Don 
 Juan de Valdez, Notary Public for His Majesty, in which 
 I declared and as to this I repeat and declare as the suc- 
 cessor of my first-born son as Marques de la Naba Bra- 
 zinas, my oldest grand-son as therein stated. 
 
 I do appoint in my place my Lieutenant general, that as 
 soon as I may die he may govern this kingdom, the po- 
 litical as well as the military, who shall give immediate 
 notice to the Viceroy, the Duke of Alburquerque, and in 
 the same manner, for the discharge of this my testa- 
 ment and its contents, I appoint my said lieutenant, 
 Juan Paez Hurtado, my testamentary executor and the 
 keeper of my goods, and after the discharging of the pro- 
 visions of my will, having paid and satisfied all as in the 
 same stated, it is my will that the remainder be remitted 
 to my said administrators, Don Miguel de Ubilla and Don 
 Diego Suazo y Cojales, and this I sign, while on the cam- 
 paign, in the Town of Bernalillo, with the Captain Alonzo 
 Eael de Aguilar, my secretary of government and war, 
 and I, the said secretary say that in my presence it was 
 made by the Marques de la Naba Brazinas, present gov- 
 ernor and captain general of this Kingdom, and I do cer- 
 tify and know that His Excellency is in his entire judg- 
 ment and natural understanding which God Our Lord has 
 been pleased to give him, and while His Excellency is in 
 the field, and there not being any royal or public notary 
 in this Kingdom and much less there being in this place 
 an alcalde who could ex-officio acknowledge this testament, 
 for said reason, it was acknowledged by me, the said sec- 
 retary of government, to give it full faith according to 
 law ; His Excellency signing it before me said secretary of 
 government and war and signing as witnesses Lieutenant 
 Juan de Urribarri, Don Antonio Maldonado, Adjutant, 
 and the Captain Felix Martinez, who were present and 
 duly signed as stated. Made in the Town of Bernalillo 
 on the seventh day of the month of April, in the year one 
 thousand seven hundred and four, and written upon 
 ordinary plain paper as there is none which is sealed at 
 this place. Holding of no value persons and seventy head 
 of cattle. 
 
 And in the same manner I desire and it is my will that, 
 whereas, I have furnished the Captain Don Felix Mar- 
 tinez what my account books show, that my said admin- 
 istrator do not collect anything from him for I give it
 
 THE SPANISH AKCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 309 
 
 to him for the great service and love which he has ren- 
 dered me, and this clause shall be complied with as all 
 the others, and I sign it before said secretary and wit- 
 nesses on said day, month and year. 
 
 Moreover, I declare that I have another mulatto slave 
 by the name of Jose de la Cruz, whom also, on account of 
 the time he has served me, lovingly and willingly, I do 
 give to him his liberty, with the understanding that he 
 will serve my said sons Don Juan and Don Alonzo de 
 Vargas five years, and at the end of which time he will 
 be at liberty, as appears by this clause and the declara- 
 tion made before a notary by my said sons that said Jose 
 de la Cruz has served the five years. I sign it with said 
 secretary of government and war and the witnesses. 
 
 The Makques de la Brazinas [Rubric] 
 Witnesses : 
 
 Juan de Ulibarri [Rubric] 
 
 Antonio Macario Maldonado Zapata [Rubric] 
 
 Felix Martinez [Rubric] 
 Before me : 
 
 Alfonzo Rael de Aguilar [Rubric] 
 Secy, of Govmt. and War, 
 
 On said day, month and year, I, the said Governor and 
 Captain-general, Marques de la Naba Brazinas, do say; 
 that notwithstanding the long time since I came from 
 New Spain, I have ordered a great number of masses to 
 be said for the repose of my soul, and notwithstanding 
 this testament is closed, I desire and it is my will to have 
 five hundred masses, two hundred applied to the Holy 
 Virgin of Remedies, my protector, for the benefit of my 
 soul, and three hundred for the souls of the poor who 
 died in the conquest of this Kingdom and may have died 
 up to the present day, for which I order my testamentary 
 executor to pay the necessary fees out of my property, 
 requiring a receipt for the payment of the same, and be- 
 ing oppressed with the sickness which his Divine Majesty 
 has been pleased to afflict me, although in my entire 
 judgment and understanding, and not being able to sign 
 this clause it is done for me by the Lieutenant Juan de 
 Uribarri, there being present my secretary of govern- 
 ment and war, whom I ask to certify, and I the said sec- 
 retary, being present, do say that the said Marques is in 
 his complete judgment and understanding and declares 
 this clause and order for masses, and I sign it with said
 
 310 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Lieutenant Don Juan de Uribarri, the witnesses being the 
 Captain Don Fernando Duran y Chaves, Thomas Olguin 
 and Don Bernardo Duran y Chaves, all present. 
 By request of The IMarques de la Naba Brazinas. 
 
 Juan de Uribarri [Rubric] 
 Fernando Duran y Chaves [Rubric] 
 Thomas Olguin [Rubric] 
 Bernardo Duran y Chaves [Rubric] 
 Before me: 
 
 Alfonzo Rael de Aguilar [Rubric] 
 
 Secy, of Govmt. and War 
 
 1028 SEBASTIAN RODRIGUEZ to Micaela de Velasco. 
 Santa Fe. 1707. 
 
 Land on the other side of the Rio de Santa Fe. 
 
 1029 FRANCISCO MONTES VIGIL. 
 
 Grant. 1710. Reported Claim No. 91, q. v. Town of 
 Alameda. 
 
 1030 JUANA de ZOSA CANELA to Juan Ballejo. Santa 
 Fe. 1716. 
 
 Land in Alhurquerque. Juan Garcia de las Rivas, Alcalde. 
 
 1031 JUAN DOMINGO de BUSTAMANTE, General, to 
 Antonio de Valverde de Cossio, General. Santa Fe. 
 1722. 
 
 Land below the City of El Paso del Rio del Norte '^cuyos 
 sitios lindaji por la parte del con los sitios de dJio Sr. Gen. 
 Dn. Antonio de Valverde y por la otra con el Puehlo de 
 Guadalupe q. fue de los Indios Zumas que es por la parte 
 Foniente y por la del Oriente por una y otra vanda hasta 
 la sierra q. llaman de las Minas, y por la parte del medio 
 dia hasta la sierra por la del Norte Las Salinas, y Sierra 
 Florida en presio y cuantia de Zinco mil pesos de oro," 
 etc. 
 
 Francisco Bueno de Bohorques y Corcuera, Alcalde. 
 
 This deed shows that General Don Antonio de Val- 
 verde Cossio was the uncle and father-in-law of General 
 Don Juan Domingo de Bustamante, both governors of 
 the Province at different periods. 
 
 1032 JUAN RUIS CORDERO to Francisco Velasquez. 
 
 Santa Fe, 1722. 
 
 House and land. Francisco Bueno de Bohorques y Cor- 
 cuera, Alcalde.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 311 
 
 1033 MATEO TRUXILLO to Sebastian de Vargas and 
 
 Miguel de Dios. 1722, 
 
 House and lands in Santa Fe. Francisco Bueno de Bo- 
 horques y Corcuera, Alcalde. 
 
 1034 LORENZO TRUXILLO to Pedro Vigil. Santa Fe, 
 
 1724. 
 
 Raneho in La Canada de Santa Cruz. Bohorquez y Cor- 
 cuera, Alcalde. 
 
 1035 CAYETANO and AGUSTIN LOBATO to Domingo 
 
 Vigil. Santa Fe, 1727. 
 
 Land in Canada de Santa Cruz. Diego Arias de Quiros, 
 Alcalde. 
 
 Shows that Santa Cruz de la Canada was on south side 
 of the river; see No. 742 and No. 427. 
 
 1036 JUAN LUJAN to Antonio Velasquez. Santa Fe, 
 
 1730. 
 
 House and lands. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. 
 
 1037 DIEGO GALLEGOS to the Puehlo of Santo Domingo 
 to Miguel Joseph de la Vega y Coca. Santa Fe, 1730. 
 
 One-half interest in a tract of land lying between Santo 
 Domingo and X ernes, called San Miguel de la Cruz. Diego 
 Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. 
 
 1038 LUIS ROMERO, Picuries Indian. 1732. 
 
 Permission given him to sell a piece of land near Emhudo 
 to Pedro Montes Vigil. Gervasio Cruzat y Gongora, Gov- 
 ernor. 
 
 Petition by Luis Romero, an Indian of the pueblo of 
 Picuries, to the governor of New Mexico, asking permis- 
 sion to sell a piece of land which he had at a place called 
 Embudo. Whether he meant the settlement of that name 
 or the stream now called the Embudo river is not clear. 
 
 The petition was presented to Governor Cruzat y Gon- 
 gora at Santa Fe on February 17, 1732, and by him re- 
 ferred to the Indians of the pueblo of Picuries, in order 
 that they might state whether their interests would be 
 prejudicially affected by the proposed sale. 
 
 On February 25, 1732, the Indians stated that they de- 
 sired the sale to be made; and the heirs of Luis Romero 
 consented to it, etc.
 
 312 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 On February 28, 1732, Governor Cruzat y Gongora, in 
 view of the statement made by the Indians, granted to 
 Romero the permission to make the sale, which, according 
 to the governor's statement, Romero wanted to make to 
 Pedro Montes Vigil. 
 
 This document is interesting as throwing some light on 
 the view entertained at its date as to the right of a Pueblo 
 Indian to sell land, although there is nothing in it that 
 makes certain the location of the land, which may have 
 been at or near the settlement of Embudo, miles distant 
 from the Picuries puehlo grant, or at some point on the 
 Embudo river, and possibly within the grant. 
 
 1039 JOSEPH DE EIAnO. Santa Fe, 1736. 
 
 Presents petition asking that the grants to ]\Iateo Tru- 
 xillo, made by Governor Cubero, situate between the 
 leagues of the puehlos of San Ildefonso and Santa Clara 
 be measured and land-marks set up. Proceedings in the 
 matter, etc. Gervasio Cruzat y Gongora, Governor. 
 
 Petition by Joseph de Riafio, asking that the Indians 
 of Santa Clara and San Ildefonso be required to produce 
 any documents that they might have, showing the extent 
 of their holdings, in order that he might know what were 
 the boundaries of a grant, lying between the two pueblos, 
 which he had bought from one Trujillo, and which had 
 not been defined by monuments. 
 
 On March 15, 1736, Governor Cruzat y Gongora di- 
 rected General Don Juan Paez Hurtado to measure one 
 league from each of the two pueblos in the direction of the 
 ranch which Riano had bought, and to put up monuments 
 at the proper places. 
 
 On March 17, 1736, General Paez Hurtado, in company 
 with Captain Juan Esteban Garcia de Noriega, chief al- 
 calde of the district, Captain Domingo Vigil, Francisco 
 Gomez, and the natives of the two pueblos, began at the 
 corner of the plaza of San Ildefonso and measured 4,600 
 varas to the slope of the table-land, and from that point 400 
 varas more "of the lands of Baltazar Trujillo (the party 
 from whom Riaiio had purchased) to complete the five 
 thousand varas which make the league belonging to said 
 pueblo of San Ildefonso." He then proceeded to measure 
 the league belonging to the pueblo of Santa Clara, and 
 discovered that it was 169 varas less than the full length 
 of 5,000 varas, "there remaining to Baltazar Trujillo, be-
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 313 
 
 tween the measurements of said pueblos, eighty-four 
 varas." 
 
 General Paez Hurtado further states that notwitlistand- 
 ing he had orders to place monuments to mark the lands 
 of the two pueblos he would defer doing so until he had 
 reported to the governor what he had already done. 
 
 On March 18, 1736, Governor Cruzat y Gongora, in view 
 of the report of Paez Hurtado, decided that nothing new 
 should be done in the matter, and that the monuments 
 should be left at the points where they were established. 
 
 1040 JOSEPH XARAMILLO to Leogardo Gallego. Al- 
 burquerque, 1734. 
 
 Lands. Geronimo Xaramillo, Alcalde. 
 
 1041 DIEGO DE VELASCO. Grant. 1725. 
 
 Land in the Canada called Cundiyo. Juan Domingo de 
 Bustamante, Governor. Revoked in 1738 by Enrique de 
 Olavide y Michelena, Governor. 
 
 Petition by Diego de Velasco for a tract of land in the 
 Canada of Cundiyo, the boundaries of which were on the 
 west a tract called the Potrero, on the east some hills up 
 in the Canada, on the north the Rio de en Media, on the 
 south the river of said place of Cundiyo. 
 
 This petition was presented to Governor Juan Domingo 
 de Bustamante on July 14, 1725, and he made the grant 
 on condition that it should not be to the prejudice of the 
 Indians or that any third party who might have a better 
 right, and directed the chief alcalde of Santa Cruz, with 
 that understanding, to place the party in possession. 
 
 There is no evidence that the possession was ever given. 
 
 On the 15th day of September, 1738, Governor Hen- 
 rique de Olavide y Michelena, being at that date at the 
 pueblo of Nambe, on a general inspection tour, attached 
 to the foregoing petition and grant his decree abrogating 
 the same because of representations made to him by the 
 Indians showing that Velasco was causing them great 
 damage; that in all the intervening years he had not re- 
 ceived juridical possession of the property. 
 
 1042 JUANA DE LOS RIOS to Manuel, Diego, Antonio, and 
 Juana Velasquez. Santa Fe, 1739. 
 
 Donation of a tract of land. Antonio Montoya, Alcalde.
 
 314 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 1043 DOMINGO VALDEZ. Santa Fe, 1742. 
 
 Grant. Entrances and exits. Juan Domingo de Men- 
 doza, Governor. Antonio de Hulibarri, Alcalde. 
 
 1044 JOSEPH FRESQUI to Manuel Gregorio Vigil. Santa 
 Fe, 1750. 
 
 Land. Juan Joseph Lovato, Alcalde. 
 
 1045 MANUEL VALERIO to Juan Manzanares. 1751. 
 
 Land on the Chama. Juan Joseph Lovato, Alcalde. 
 
 1046 JUAN DE DIOS ROMERO to Francisco Montes Vigil. 
 Santa Cruz, 1751. 
 
 Land at San Francisco del Pueblo Quemado. Juan Jo- 
 seph Sandoval, Alcalde. 
 
 1047 JOSE DE MEDINA to Juan Bautista Vigil. CUmaijo. 
 1751. 
 
 Lands. Juan Joseph Sandoval, Alcalde. 
 
 1048 SANTIAGO MARTIN to Felix Valerio. Chimayo, 
 1751. 
 
 Land. Juan Joseph Sandoval, Alcalde. 
 
 1049 CLARA de VILLAREAL, mfe of Melclior Rodriguez. 
 San Joseph de Garcia. Jurisdiction of Pueblo of Pi- 
 curies. 1753. 
 
 Inventory and partition of her estate. Made at request 
 of Juan Joseph de Arguello, husband of Joachina Rod- 
 riguez, daughter of said Clara de Villareal. Nicolas de 
 Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 1050 MANUEL VALERIO vs. Lazaro de Atienza. Santa 
 Cruz de la Canada. 1753. 
 
 Question of boundaries. Tomas Velez Cachupin, Gov- 
 ernor. 
 
 1051 ANTONIO VARELA. 
 
 Grant in Fuenclara. 1754. Tomas Velez Cachupin. 
 
 1052 JOSEPH RAMO de VERA. Santa Fe, 1753. 
 
 Will. Nicolas Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 1053 FRANCISCO MONTES VIGIL. Grant. 1754. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 128, q. v.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 315 
 
 1054 CRISTOBAL VIGIL and Manuel and Joseph Mon- 
 
 toya. 1754. 
 
 Petition for land on the Truchas. No final action taken. 
 Tomas Velez Cachupin, Governor. 
 
 1055 JUAN MONTES VIGIL. Santa Fe, 1762. 
 
 Will, inventory, and partition of his estate. Manuel Gal- 
 lego, Alcalde. Tomas Velez Cachupin, Governor. 
 
 1056 MARTIN TORRES to Manuel Vigil. Santa Fe, 1762. 
 
 Lands. Manuel Gallego, Alcalde. 
 
 1057 NICOLASA VIGIL. Cliama. 1765. 
 
 Will, proceedings, and partition of her estate. Tomas Ve- 
 lez Cachupin, Governor. 
 
 1058 JOACHIN GARCIA de NORIEGA to Salvador and 
 
 Ignacio Vigil. 
 
 Land in Canada de Santa Cruz. 1766. Manuel Garcia 
 Pareja, Alcalde. 
 
 1059 DIEGO MANUEL BACA and Joaquin Valencia. 
 
 Santa Fe, 1772. 
 
 Exchange of real property in said city. Manuel Garcia 
 Pareja, Alcalde. 
 
 1060 MANUEL MONTES VIGIL, alcalde of Taos, 1780. 
 
 Proceedings in the settlement of his estate. Juan Bau- 
 tista de Anza, Governor. 
 
 1061 MARINA DE JESUS BACA. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe. 1784. Jose Sandoval ; Salvador Ribera ; 
 Juan de Abrego. 
 
 1062 JOSEPH MANUEL VELARDE and 18 Families. 
 
 Petition to settle at Ojo Caliente. No final action. Fer- 
 nando Chacon, Governor. 
 
 1063 PEDRO VIAL {el Frances). 
 
 Will and inventory of his estate. Santa Fe, 1814. Jose 
 Antonio Alarid, Sargento. Francisco Ortiz, Alcalde. 
 
 Pedro Vial was a Frenchman and took an important 
 part in some of the affairs of the Province. He died at 
 Santa Fe, and his remains were buried in the Castrense 
 church; he was a bachelor, without any relatives in this
 
 316 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 country ; he left as his heir, IMaria Manuela Martin. From 
 his will, it appears that at times he practiced medicine. 
 He died in 1814. He served as an interpreter to the 
 Comanche Indians for many years. 
 
 1064 JOSE ANTONIO VALVERDE and others. 
 
 Petition for lands known as the Bancho de la Xemes near 
 Vallecito, 1815. The parties were put in possession by 
 Ignacio Sanchez Vergara, Alcalde, but the Governor, 
 Maynez, declared his action void because of error in the 
 proceedings. 
 
 1065 IGNACIO MARIA SANCHEZ VERGARA. 
 
 Petition for land between the puehlos of Santo Domingo 
 and San Felipe. 1824. Referred to the Provincial Depu- 
 tation. Bartolome Baca, Governor. 
 
 1066 SANTIAGO SALAZAR vs. Miguel Velarde. 
 
 Question of lands at Ahiquiu. 1825. 
 
 1067 JOSEPH SEDANO vs. Juan Lorenzo Medina. Santa 
 
 Fe, 1731. 
 
 Question of title to house and lot. Francisco Bueno Bo- 
 horques y Corcuera, Alcalde. 
 
 1068 ANTONIO GONZALES de la ROSA to Jose Sa- 
 morra. Santa Rosalia del Vallecito. Jurisdiccion de 
 San Geronimo de Taos. 1763. 
 
 Land. Pedro Antonio Martin, Alcalde. 
 
 1069 JUAN ANTONIO FRESQUI to Jose Samorra. San- 
 ta Rosalia del Vallecito. 1763. 
 
 Land. Pedro Antonio Martin, Alcalde. 
 
 1070 JOSE SANCHEZ to Joseph Samorra. Santa Rosalia 
 del Vallecito. 1763. 
 
 Pedro Antonio Martin, Alcalde. 
 
 1071 MADALENA de OGAMA vs. Ramon Garcia Jurado. 
 
 Santa Fe, 1703. 
 
 Question of title to land. El Marques de la Nava Bra- 
 zinas. 
 
 1072 ANTONIO GODINES and MARIA DOMINGUEZ 
 DE MENDOZA, his wife, to Nicolas Ortiz Nino Ladron 
 de Guebarra. Santa Fe, 1714.
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 317 
 
 House and land. Francisco Bueno Bohorques y Corcuera, 
 
 Alcalde. 
 
 Describes a house situate "en la calle real q ha de la 
 
 plaza a la Yglesia Nueha q se esta fahricando — on the 
 
 main street which goes from the plaza to the new church 
 
 which is being built" (1714). 
 
 1073 NICOLAS ORTIZ NINO LADRON de GUEVARA. 
 Santa Fe, 1714. 
 
 Possession given of the said property. 
 
 1074 PEDRO MONTES de OCA to Nicolas Ortiz Nino La- 
 dron de Guebara. Santa Fe, 1714. 
 
 House and land. Diego Arias de Quiros, Alcalde. No. 
 1072 and 1073, q. v. 
 
 Describes a house situate '^en la calle real esta Villa 
 que ha a la Yglesia Nueha que seesta hazien-do." De- 
 cember 6, 1714. 
 
 1075 JOSEPHA MARTIN to Antonio Olguin. Satita Fe, 
 1719. 
 
 House and Land. Francisco Bueno de Bohorques y Cor- 
 cuera, Alcalde. 
 
 1076 JOSEPHA DE ONTIVEROS vs. Pascuala de Con- 
 cepcion. Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz. 1731. 
 
 Question of title to a grant of land. Domingo Vigil, Al- 
 calde. Juan Domingo de Bustamante, Governor. 
 
 1077 JOSEPHA DE ONTIVEROS. Villa Nueva de Santa 
 
 Cruz. 
 
 Grant, 1735. Manuel de la Rosa, Francisco de Baldes, 
 Juan Andres Gonzales, Juan Feliz Bustillos. ]\Iade by 
 Juan Paez Hurtado, Acting Governor. Revoked by Cru- 
 zat. Governor. 
 
 1078 NICOLAS ORTIZ NInO LADRON de GUEVARA. 
 1742. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 63, q. v. Caja del Rio. 
 
 Caja del Rio Grant. Reported No. 63. There is a 
 small conflict with the grant to the puehlo of Cochiti. 
 "When the decree of confirmation was entered by the court 
 of private land claims and a new survey had been made 
 it was found that the conflict had materially increased. 
 The grant was patented February 20, 1897.
 
 318 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 1079 NICOLAS ORTIZ NInO LADRON de GUEVARA 
 vs. Juan Estevan Garcia de Noriega. 
 
 Trespass. Santa Fe, 1754. Don Tomas Velez Cachupin, 
 Governor. Gregorio Garduno, Pedro Sotero, Juan Do- 
 mingo Lovato, Bernardo de Miera y Paeheco. Antonio 
 de Ulibarri, Alcalde. Juan Joseph Lobato, Proeurador. 
 Juan Jose Jaques, Tomas de Alvear y Collado, Joseph 
 Miguel Garduno. 
 
 This tract was granted to Nicolas Ortiz Niiio Ladron 
 de Guevara, May 13, 1742, by Gaspar Domingo de 
 ]\Iendosa, as a reward for services performed as a soldier 
 in the reconquest and pacification of the country in 1692- 
 96. 
 
 When the son of this reconquistador died on August 2, 
 1810, whose name was also Nicolas Ortiz Niiio Ladron de 
 Guevara, other than his interest in the Caja del Rio 
 Grant, he left a house of seven rooms and five hundred 
 varas of land. His wife was Maria Alberta Maes, and 
 they left one son, Francisco Xavier Ortiz, who at his 
 death left the following: Antonio Jose Ortiz; Juan An- 
 tonio Ortiz ; the latter deceased and leaving as heirs, Bel- 
 en Ortiz, wife of Jose Abeytia; and Jose IMatias Ortiz; 
 the last named left Damacio Ortiz and Ramon Ortiz and 
 Dionicio Ortiz, who married Reyes Tenorio. There were 
 many other heirs, including Miguel Baca y Ortiz, Faus- 
 tina Baca, Pablo Baca, Severiano Baca, Dolores Baca, and 
 Justo Baca, children of Guadalupe Ortiz. 
 
 The original Nicolas Ortiz Niiio Ladron de Guevara 
 made his will September 17, 1742, in which he states 
 that he was married to Juana Baca and had three chil- 
 dren, Francisco Ortiz, Nicolas Ortiz and Toribio Ortiz. 
 This will is archive 647. In his petition for the grant he 
 states that it is now "forty-nine years since I came with 
 my parents to the reconquest and pacification of this said 
 pro\ance as a settler therein, sent by the most excellent 
 Viceroy, the Conde de Galve, which dignitary promised 
 to supply us with land to cultivate and live upon by the 
 authority of the King himself, which land has not been 
 given me because I was engaged and occupied with all the 
 campaigns and incursions that have taken place from that 
 to the present time, without causing any cost to His Ma- 
 jesty for a load of powder which I furnished at my own 
 expense as well as all kinds of arms and horses, as appears 
 from the documents which I hold in my favor from my 
 superiors. ' '
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 319 
 
 The boundaries in the §rrant are described: "On the 
 east the wide Canada ; on the west the Rio del Norte ; on 
 the north the point of the mesa situated in the Caja del 
 Rio, and on the south the drainage — {virtirUente) of 
 Santa Cruz. The land lies below the Indian puehlo of San 
 Ildefonso. The Indians of San Ildefonso made no objec- 
 tion to the making of the grant. Nicolas Ortiz was known 
 as "Chino" Ortiz. The heirs of Nicolas Ortiz were com- 
 pelled to abandon this grant in 1818 on account of raids 
 made by the Navajo Indians. 
 
 1080 LIST of SETTLERS in the New Town of San An- 
 tonio de MORA. No date. No signatures. List con- 
 tains 36 names. List of Settlers de la Plaza de Santa 
 Getrudis; del Valle de Abajo contains 34 names. Also 
 list of the Pohladores que han dehado sus posssesiones 
 y se han salido. Contains 6 names. 
 
 1081 NEMESIO SALCEDO of Chihuahua to the Acting; 
 Governor of New Mexico, 1809 to 1810. 
 
 Two letters relating to a piece of land distant seven 
 leagues from Santa Fe, of which possession is claimed by 
 Nicolas Ortiz. This action is taken on account of a peti- 
 tion presented by Francisco Ortiz. The land is spoken of 
 as San Marcos. The petition is not granted and said Or- 
 tiz and Manuel Delgado were forbidden to put their stock 
 on said land, but it was expressly reserved for the poor of 
 Santa Fe. Reference is here made to the pasture lands 
 of Galisteo and to those of El Arco. 
 
 Reported Claim No. 63, q. v. Caja del Rio. No. 1078, 
 1079, 1271, q. v. 
 
 1082 ROYAL DECREE giving equal rights to all Ameri- 
 cans and Indians in Spanish America. 1811. Pub- 
 lished and ordered to be promulgated in Chihuahua in 
 1821, by Ale jo Garcia Conde, Governor, etc. 
 
 Copy, made at Chihuahua on February 20, 1821, of a 
 decree of the Cortes, dated on February 9, 1811, confer- 
 ring certain rights on the citizens of the Spanish do- 
 minions in America, including both Spaniards and In- 
 dians. These rights were the following: 
 
 1st. The right of being represented in the Cortes on 
 the same footing as the inhabitants of Spain. 
 
 2d. The right of planting and cultivating all the land
 
 320 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 which their ability and circumstances permitted them to 
 do. 
 
 3d. The right of eligibility to all public offices and em- 
 ployments in the ecclesiastical, civil, and military branches 
 of the service. 
 
 This copy is signed by Alejo Garcia Conde, governor, 
 commandant general, and superior civil chief of the In- 
 ternal Provinces of the West, of New Spain. 
 
 1083 NUESTRA SERORA de la LUZ SAN FERNANDO 
 
 Y SAN BLAS del Rio Puerco. 1770. 
 
 Question of boundaries with Antonio Baca. Don Pedro 
 Fermin de Mendinueta, Governor. Carlos Mirabal, Al- 
 calde. Pajarito and Atrisco Grant, q. v. 
 
 1084 INVENTARIO de DILIGENCIAS fechas por mi Don 
 
 Joseph de Bustamante Tagle, alcalde mayor de la 
 
 Capital Villa de Santa Fe, desde el ario de quarenta y 
 
 nuehe, hasta el presente, de mil septecientos cincuenta 
 
 y dos y son las siguientes: 
 
 Escritura de venta por el Sindico, Bernardino de Sena, 
 to Don Francisco Ortiz, 1750, 
 
 Maria de la Candelaria Gonzales. Will. 1750. 
 
 Antonio Dominguez to Phelipe Garduiio, 1750. 
 
 Julian Rael to Francisco Trujillo. 1750. 
 
 Micaela Vasquez, heirs of. Partition of lands. 1750. 
 
 Maria de Roibal and Josef de Riaiio, her son. Parti- 
 tion of lands. 1750. 
 
 Juan Tomas Lobato to Pedro Antonio Truxillo. 1750. 
 
 Title deed in favor of Miguel Laso de la Vega. 
 
 Manuel Thenorio (de Alva). 
 
 Juan Montes Vigil. 
 
 There was a grant, Reported No. 38, known as the 
 "Ramon Vigil." This grant is west of the Rio Grande 
 and on the north for a short distance adjoins the San 
 Ildefonso Puehlo Grant. The grant was confirmed June 
 21, 1860, and was patented, April 9, 1908. 
 
 Santiago de Roibal. 
 
 Ignacio de Roibal. 
 
 Miguel Dominguez, Destierro, 1750. 
 
 Francisco de Anaya to Theresa Thenorio. 1751. 
 
 Manuel de Beitia to Salvador Casillas. 1751. 
 
 Domingo de Benavides to Antonio Dominguez. 1751. 
 
 Manuel Vaca to Josepha Montoya. 1751.
 
 Don Juan Antonio de Vizarron y Eguiarreta 
 Viceroy of Mexico, 1734-40
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 321 
 
 Phelipe Nerio Sisneros to Manuel Gallegos. 1751. 
 Isidro Montoya, Carta Segura in favor of his minors, on 
 account of the death of Manuela Silva. 1751. 
 
 Sebastian de Vargas to Antonio Duran de Armijo. 1751. 
 
 Antonio Tafoya to Luis Febro. 1751. 
 
 Phelipe Rodriguez to Manuel Lopez. 1751. 
 
 Manuel Trujillo, heirs of; partition of estate. 1751. 
 
 Juana Sisneros to Juan de Chaves. 1751. 
 
 Andres Montoya to Francisco Nieto. 1751. 
 
 Juan Antonio Flores to Nicolas Moran. 1751. 
 
 Jose Romo de Vera to Maria Francisca de Sena. 1751. 
 
 Catalina Duran. Inventory of her estate. 1751. 
 
 Cayetano Pasote. Cause against. 1751. 
 
 Joseph Romo. Embargo and other proceedings. 1751. 
 
 Maria Diega Gardmlo. Inventory of her estate. 1751. 
 
 IMiguel de la Vega de Coca. Will and inventory. 1751. 
 
 Deed in favor of Santiago de Roybal. 1752, 
 
 Marcial Samora to Melchora de Sandoval. 1752. 
 
 Tomas Holguin to Cristobal INladrid. 1752. 
 
 Juan Geronimo de Samano. Will and inventory. 1752. 
 
 Geronimo de Ortega. Proceedings in the matter of his 
 
 Minors, 1752. 
 
 1085 MANUEL ARMIJO, Political Chief. 
 
 Correspondence relating to the palace. 1827. 
 
 Two letters from ]\Ianuel Armijo, jefe politico, to Don 
 Agustin Duran, comisario suhstituto, relative to the occu- 
 pation of the "Palace" by Colonel Narbona. 
 
 1086 PEOPLE of SANTO DOMINGO de CUNDIYO. 
 
 Petition for the establishment of a church. 1754. Not 
 granted. Tomas Velez Cachupin, Governor. 
 
 1087 JUAN DE OnATE. Honorary Title, etc. Copy. 1761. 
 
 "Don Felipe, by the grace of God, King of Castile, of 
 Aragon, of the Sicilies, of Jerusalem, of Portugal, of 
 Granada, of Toledo, of Valencia, of Galecia, Mayoria, Sev- 
 illa, of Yerdina, Cordova, Coreega, Murrisa, Jaen, Algar- 
 bes, of Algesira Gibraltar, Canary Islands, East and 
 West Indies, Islands, and Tierra Firma of the Ocean, 
 Arch-duque of Austria, Duque of Borgora and Milan, 
 Count of Traspur Flanders, and Tirol, of Barcelona, 
 Lord of Viscaya and Molisa, etc., etc. 
 
 "Whereas, the viceroy, Don Louis of Velasco, by vir- 
 tue of a decree of the King, my Lord — may he live in 
 glory — entered in to an agreement and capitulation with
 
 322 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Don Juan de Onate, relative to the discovery, pacifica- 
 tion and settlement of the provinces of New Mexico, 
 which is in New Spain, and among other things he grant- 
 ed to him what is contained in one of the chapters or in- 
 structions of new discoveries and settlements of the In- 
 dies, wiiich is as follows: 'To those who bind themselves 
 to form said settlements, and shall have done the same, 
 and shall have complied with the agreement, in honor of 
 their own persons and their descendants and of them as 
 first settlers, laudable memory may remain, we make 
 them and their legitimate descendants Hijosdalgos of the 
 lands owned by them, in order that in the settlement es- 
 tablished by them, and in any other part of the Indies 
 they may be Hijosdalgos and persons of noble lineage 
 and Lord paramount, and as such they shall be known 
 held and considered, and enjoy all the honors and pre- 
 eminences, and may do all things that noblemen and 
 gentlemen of the Kingdom of Castile can do, according 
 to the privileges, laws and customs of Spain, should or 
 ought to do and enjoy. And in behalf of the said Juan 
 de Oilate, I have been requested to grant him the grace 
 to command him to approve, notwithstanding the modera- 
 tion which the Duque of Monterey used relative thereto, 
 and published by him, my Council of the Indies, I have 
 thought proper that the said prerogatives should be un- 
 derstood to continue during the time occupied in said 
 conquest, for five years, and if the said conquerors should 
 terminate the conquest thereof before the expiration of the 
 five years, they, their sons, and descendants shall enjoy 
 the said prerogatives as herein set forth. And I do here- 
 by command that all who may have gone and shall go on 
 the said conquest, pacification and settlement, according 
 to, and in conformity with, the provisions of the said 
 chapter, and shall continue in the conquest for five years ; 
 and those who shall prosecute the same who should die 
 before the expiration of five years, there shall be reserved 
 and secured unto their sons and descendants all the pre- 
 eminences and prerogatives, exemptions, and liberties as 
 aforesaid in conformity to, and as is granted and con- 
 ferred upon them in the said chapter, entirely and com- 
 pletely, failing in nothing, and charge the Infantes, Pre- 
 lates, Duques, ]\Iarquises, Counts, Nobles, Subjects and 
 Priors of Royal Orders, Prefects, Alcaldes of the Castiles, 
 houses surounded with a moat, and country houses (easas 
 fuertes y lanas), and those of my Councils, Presidents,
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 323 
 
 Judges, Alcaldes and High Constables of my household 
 and court, and chancery, to my Viceroys and Governors, 
 and to all of my authorities and Judges, as well as those 
 of the Indies and Tierra Firma of the Ocean, and other 
 persons of whatever condition or quality, to observe and 
 comply, and to have obeyed and executed this my fran- 
 chise and grace, confirmed to the aforesaid, without re- 
 stricting or increasing nor consent to any infraction of 
 the contents of this my determination, which I desire and 
 it is my will that it shall have the force of law as though 
 it had been decreed and promulgated in court, and it be 
 published in all proper parts and places. 
 
 'Given at San Lorenzo, on the 8th day of July, 1602. 
 
 (Signed) " 'I, the King 
 'Laguna, Armenteros, Doc. Eugenio de Salazar, Bena- 
 bente de Venavides, Louis de Salcedo. By order of the 
 King, my Lord. Juan de Ibarra. Recorded, Gabriel de 
 Ochoa, Chancellor, Sebastian de la Vega. 
 
 '< «, 
 
 < £■ 
 
 ' ' ACT OF AUDIENCE 
 
 ''In the City of Mexico, June 20, 1604, the President 
 and Judge of the Royal Audience of New Spain being 
 present at the session, also the Mariscal de Campo, Vicente 
 de Saldivar, presented the Royal decree governing to the 
 opposite party and asked that it be compiled with; and 
 being seen by the said Audience, they obeyed the same 
 with all reverence and respects, and replied that it should 
 be observed and complied with, and executed in all its 
 parts as His Majesty commanded ; and this it was record- 
 ed as their act, and they approved the same by placing 
 their rubric thereto in my presence. 
 
 (Signed) "Cristobal Orosio." 
 
 1088 PROCLAMATION requiring Obedience to the new 
 Spanish Constitution of 1820. 
 
 Letter from Facundo ]\Ielgares, Governor. 
 
 1089 DOCUMENT relating to Military Matters. 
 
 1090 JOSE RAMON ALARID. 
 
 Grant. 1824. At a place called El Cerrito. Cuatro 
 labores que estan inmediatos a la labor de la Cuesta. 
 Grant made by the Deputacion Provincial. The grantees 
 are: Jose Ramon Alarid, Roman Garcia, Julian Garcia, 
 Severiano Sanchez, Juan Ignacio Rodriguez, Jose Tenorio,
 
 324 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Alejandro Sais, Juan Cristobal Garcia, Isidro Flores, 
 Pablo Borrego, Francisco Salas, Jose Rodriguez, Benito 
 Urtado, Eusebio Garcia. 
 
 This document purports to be a copy of the original 
 certified by Francisco Lopez, probate judge of San 
 Miguel county, and dated March 12, 1855. 
 
 1091 LIST of GOVERNORS of New Mexico from 1770 to 
 1840. 
 
 1092 REPAIRS on Barracks, Santa Fe, 1810. 
 
 1093 REPAIRS ON OLD PALACE, 1841. 
 
 1094 DOCUMENT (Imperfect) relating to property in the 
 hands of Officials. No date. 
 
 1095 LIST of Heads of Families in seventh demarcation, 
 San Miguel county, August 3, 1855. 
 
 1096 JUAN DE DIOS MAESE and Others. 
 
 Grant at Las Vegas. 1835. Certified copy by Francisco 
 Lopez, Probate Judge of 8an Miguel County. 1855. 
 
 1097 INVENTORY of PAPERS of ARCHIVES in the Of- 
 fice of the Secretary of Government and War, 1715. 
 Fourteen pages. Very interesting. 
 
 1098 EL MARQUES de ALTAMIRA, Mexico. 1750. 
 
 Relating to re-settlement of the country north and north- 
 west of Santa Fe. Don Tomas Velez Cachupin, Governor. 
 
 1099 PEDRO DE NAVA, Chihuahua, 1798. 
 
 Relating to soldiery. 
 
 1100 PROCEEDINGS and Order in Relation to the re-set- 
 tlement of Ahiquiu. 1750. 
 
 Tomas Velez Cachupin, Governor. 
 
 1101 MINING REGULATIONS, 1795. Pedro de Nava. 
 Manuel Merino. 
 
 1102 PAPERS relating to the PALACE, Santa Fe, 1827. 
 
 Correspondence relative to the "Palace."
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 325 
 
 1103 TIERRA AMARILLA GRANT, 1832. 
 
 Report of Committee of Territorial Deputation in relation 
 to the same. Martinez, Tenorio, Ortiz. 
 
 1104 SETTLEMENT OF LANDS desired by the govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Circular letter on this subject to the Alcaldes of the Ter- 
 ritory. Santa Fe, 1815. Alberto Maynez. Socorro is 
 mentioned. 
 
 The laws of the Indies relative to towns and communities 
 are quite interesting and give some light on how these 
 municipalities were founded and governed. 
 
 The governors and captains-general had the power to 
 appoint in the cities or towns in their districts lieutenants ; 
 these bore the title of lieutenant-governor. 
 
 Contracts were made with individuals for the founding 
 of towns; if the locality where the proposed town was to 
 be built was found suitable for Spaniards, with a council 
 of alcaldes of ordinary jurisdiction and aldermen, and a 
 person desired to found a town, then he was obliged to 
 make a contract conditioned "that within the term which 
 shall be fixed for him, he have at least thirty persons, and 
 each one of them a house, ten breeding cows, four oxen, 
 or two oxen and two yearlings, one brood mare, one breed- 
 ing sow, twenty Castilian breeding ewes, and six hens and 
 one cock; he shall also appoint a priest to administer the 
 Holy Sacraments, who shall be chosen by him the first 
 time and thereafter shall be subject to our Royal Patron- 
 age; and he shall provide the church with the ornaments 
 and articles for divine worship, and he shall give bond 
 to comply therewith within said time ; and if he does not 
 comply therewith he shall lose all that he may bave built, 
 cultivated or earned, which we will apply to our Royal 
 Patrimony, and he shall also incur the penalty of one 
 thousand dollars in gold for our Chamber ; and if he com- 
 plies with his obligation, four leagues in boundary and 
 territory, in a square or oblong, according to the quality 
 of the land, may be given him, in such manner that, if it 
 be surveyed, the four leagues be in a square, with the con- 
 dition that the boundaries of said territory be at least five 
 leagues distant from any city, town or place of Spaniards 
 * previously settled, and that it cause no prejudice to any 
 Indian town or private person." 
 
 The children and relatives of settlers also were to be 
 considered as settlers under certain conditions; i. e. "that
 
 326 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 they have distinct and separate houses and families and 
 are married." 
 
 The person who undertook to found a city was com- 
 pelled to make contracts with each individual settler and 
 in doing so the contractor obligated himself to give, in 
 the town designated, lots for building purposes, pasture 
 and farming lands to the extent of as many peonias and 
 cahallerias as each one of the settlers shall obligate him- 
 self to build upon ; provided, it did not exceed more than 
 five peonias or more than three cahallerias for each settler, 
 according to the distinction, difference, and measurement 
 prescribed in the laws of the title on the distribution of 
 lands, lots, and waters. 
 
 A caballeria consisted of 105.75 acres of land. 
 
 The person contracting to make a new settlement of a 
 town, city, or colony secured the civil and criminal juris- 
 diction, in the first instance, for the days of his life and 
 for those of a son or heir; he also received authority to 
 appoint alcaldes of ordinary jurisdiction, aldermen, and 
 other officers of the council of the town ; and in cases ap- 
 pealed the causes went before a chief alcalde, or the 
 audiencia in the district wherein the settlement or town 
 was made. 
 
 Viceroys, audiencias, and governors had no authority to 
 grant city or town titles. See book iv, title viii, law 
 vi, Laivs of the Indies. "We order that, for no cause or 
 reason, the Viceroys, Audiencias, Governors, or any other 
 officers of the Indies, however high they may be, give city 
 or town titles to any of the towns or places of Spaniards 
 or Indians, and that they do not exempt them from the 
 jurisdiction of their principal provincial capitals; with 
 the understanding that they will be held responsible at 
 their places of residence, because this favor and power 
 must be asked of our Council of the Indies, and we de- 
 clare as void the titles which, in contravention of the con- 
 tents of this law, shall be given to any towns or places; 
 and in regard to new towns or settlements, the provisions 
 of law shall be observed." 
 
 1105 RELATING to a House belonging to the Government 
 
 in Santa Fe. 1733. 
 
 Cruzat y Gongora, Governor. Antonio de Ulibarri, Al- 
 calde.
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 327 
 
 1106 MUNICIPAL ORDINANCES for the Cities and 
 Towns of New Mexico prescribed by the Departmental 
 Assembly, 1846. 
 
 1107 PRINTED COPY of the Colonization Law of 1823. 
 
 1108 TRINIDAD BARCELO. 
 
 Letter to the government in relation to mining matters, 
 1846. 
 
 1109 TRANSLATION of a newspaper article on New 
 Mexico. 
 
 1110 COMMISSIONS of the Captains-General of New 
 Mexico, 1713-1715. 
 
 1111 LIST of Heads of Families in the 11th demarcation 
 of San Miguel county, 1855. 
 
 1112 IGNACIO SANCHEZ VERGARA, 1813. 
 
 Asks whether an Indian may sell land acquired by pur- 
 chase. No final action by Governor. Jose Manrique, 
 Governor. 
 
 Letter from Ignacio Sanchez Vergara to Lieutenant-Col- 
 onel Jose INIanrique, governor of New Mexico, stating that 
 an Indian woman, who was a native of the pueblo of Zia, 
 had negotiated a sale of a piece of land which she owned 
 at San Isidro, and which her husband, then deceased, had 
 bought of a citizen of that place ; that the party who 
 proposed to buy the land from her was willing that the 
 woman should name an appraiser, and he desired that 
 the value of the land be fixed so that he could pay for it ; 
 that in view of the fact that the owner of the land was an 
 Indian, Sanchez (who was probably an alcalde at that 
 time) thought it necessary to lay the matter before the 
 governor in order that the latter might direct him how 
 to proceed in the premises. 
 
 Immediately following the letter, and on the same sheet 
 (as was the custom at that date — 1813), is a rough draft 
 of the governor's reply. He informs Sanchez that no ac- 
 tion could be taken in the matter until the future decision 
 of the governor. 
 
 1113 S. W. KEARNY, Brigadier General. 
 
 Proclamation, 1846.
 
 328 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 1114 SAN CAELOS, New settlement of, on the Nepeste 
 
 River (Arkansas). 
 
 Official letter in relation thereto from Jaeobo Ugarte y 
 Loyola, dated Arispe, January 22, 1788, to Fernando de 
 la Concha, Governor. 
 
 This is a report to Governor Fernando de la Concha 
 relative to a settlement on the Nepeste (Arkansas) by the 
 Cumanche Lieutenant-General Paruanarimuco. January 
 22, 1788. 
 
 Refers to the establishment of a town on the Arkansas 
 river composed of Cumanches, who had been aided by the 
 Spaniards in making a permanent settlement there. 
 
 1115 RELATING to the disposition of the fees received by 
 the alcaldes for giving possession of lands. 
 
 1116 SETTLEMENT of TECOLOTE. 1838. 
 
 Proceedings, etc. Also list of names and quantity of land 
 given to each settler. 
 
 1117 PEDRO DE CHAVES, Alcalde de San Agustin de 
 
 Isleta. 1714. 
 
 Acknowledgement of receipt of an order from the Gover- 
 nor. 
 
 It is stated that there were no ''estufas" or subter- 
 ranean rooms in the pueblo of Isleta. 
 
 1118 RELATING to the Removal of the Capitol to a place 
 between Santo Domingo and Cochiti, etc. 
 
 Galindo Navarro, Arispe, 1781. Antonio Bonilla. 
 
 1119 ALAMEDA. 
 
 Question of boundaries between the Garcias and the 
 Tafoyas. Settled by a suit of conciliation, 1827. 
 
 Jose Alejandro Santistievan, Alcalde. Manuel Armijo 
 Governor. 
 
 1120 ROYAL ORDERS. Copies received in Neiv Mexico, 
 1813. Fernando VII and Cortes. 
 
 1121 RELATING to the Old Palace in Santa Fe. 
 
 Manuel Armijo, Governor. 
 
 1122 VENTURA de MESTAS and ANTONIO de MES- 
 TAS. 1767.
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 329 
 
 Compromise in the matter of the partition of their lands 
 in Chama. Francisco Guerrero, Alcalde. Tomas Velez 
 Cachupin, Governor. Manuel Garcia Pareja, Alcalde. 
 
 1123 SAN MIGUEL del BADO. Ayimtamiento. 
 
 Communication in relation to the establishment of a town 
 in a proper place to afford a defense against hostile In- 
 dians. 1832. 
 
 The members of the ayiintamiento of San Miguel del 
 Bado (Vado) February 8, 1832, were : Jose Ulibarri, presi- 
 dente; Vicente Ribera, first alderman; Vicente Romero, 
 second alderman; Juan Estevan Sena, third alderman; 
 Matias, fourth alderman ; Jose Miguel Sanchez, secretary. 
 
 1124 NEW MEXICO : Boundaries of. 
 
 Order of the Viceroy to establish the same. Mexico, 1682. 
 
 1125 DEPARTMENTAL ASSEMBLY from January, 
 1846, to February 12, 1846. 
 
 Grant of land made to petitioners at place called Chaper- 
 ito. 
 
 1126 PRINTED COPY of Colonization law of August 18tli, 
 1824. 
 
 1127 PRINTED COPY of law relating to the examination 
 of surveyors. Mexico, 1834. 
 
 1128 FRANCISCO G. CONDE. 1845. 
 
 Letter to the Governor of the Department in relation to the 
 settlements made by foreigners on the frontier. 
 
 1129 ABIQUIU, CHAMA, and SOLEDAD. 
 
 Re-settlement of said places. 1751. El Conde de Revilla- 
 gigedo, Viceroy. Joseph de Gorraez, Asesor. 
 
 1130 JUAN ARMIJO, Alcalde. 1821. 
 
 Religious question. 
 
 1131 JOSE FRANCISCO SENA. Galisteo. 1844. 
 
 Pasturage of sheep in the common lands of Galisteo. Not 
 permitted. 
 
 1132 MANUEL ALVAREZ. 
 
 Petition for naturalization. 1825.
 
 330 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 1133 FEINTED COPY of the Royal Order of 1813 in the 
 matter of reducing the pubHc lands to private own- 
 ership. 
 
 Letter of Alejo Garcia Conde, transmitting the same to 
 the Governor of New Mexico. 1821. 
 
 1134 FRAGMENT of Proceedings of the Departmental As- 
 sembly. No date. 
 
 1135 PRINTED COPY of law defining the term "finca 
 rustica," Mexico, 1836. 
 
 "Bajo la denominacion de fincas rusficas a que se eontrae 
 la ley de 5 de Julio ultimo, se comprende toda propiedad 
 rural con el nombre de hacienda, rancho, huerta u otro 
 nombre semajante, cualquiera que sea su ubieacion dentro 
 6 fuera de las poblaciones, con casa 6 sin ella cuyas frutas 
 pertenescan a la agricultura, ecepto aquellas sitios en 
 poblado ciue se cultiven por mero recreo, sin especial util- 
 idad del propietario. " 
 
 1136 INVENTORY of ARCHIVES of the Cabildo of 
 Santa Fe. 1715. As follows : 
 
 Lorenzo Rodriguez. Donation of half a fanega of corn 
 planting land in the lands of Maria de Tapia. May 2, 
 1704. 
 
 Juan de IMestas. Grant of the San Buenaventura rancho 
 at Pojoaque, by Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero. December 
 9, 1699. 
 
 Diego Marquez de Ayala. Grant at or near Santa Fe 
 by Juan Ignacio Flores Mogollon. March 11, 1713. 
 
 Francisco Martin. Grant on the south side of the Rio de 
 Santa Fe by Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero. March 6, 1703. 
 
 IMaria Zapata. Grant by Diego de Vargas to Captain 
 Jose Telles Jiron and confirmed to her husband. Captain 
 Diego de Medina, by Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero, De- 
 cember 28, 1698. The grant comprises three tracts, one at 
 Santa Fe, one called San Martin, on the Rio del Norte, 
 and one called San Pahlo. 
 
 Ana IMaria Romero. Testimonio of grant by the Mar- 
 ques de la Nava Brazinas. November 27, 1703. On 
 October 1, 1699, Maria Cabello made donation of this tract 
 to Pedro de Abila. 
 
 Sebastian JNIartin, captain. Grant by the Marques de la 
 Penuela, May 23, 1712, confirming that made by the Mar-
 
 THE SPANISH AKCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 331 
 
 ques de la Nava de Brazinas. Situate between San Juan 
 and Embudo. 
 
 Petronila Ciibero. Grant by Don Pedro Rodriguez 
 Cubero, May 10, 1700. 
 
 Diego Duran. Grant of house and lot by Juan Ignaeio 
 Flores Mogollon; also a tract of agricultural land, both 
 situate in Santa Fe. August 29, 1713. 
 
 Jose Trujillo, captain. Grant by Don Pedro Rodriguez 
 Cubero, December 29, 1700. Lands formerly belonging to 
 Francisco Jimenez and Ambrosio Saenz. Situate at the 
 Mesa of San IJdefonso. Grant b^^ the same on April 23, 
 1700, of pasture lands in the jurisdiction of the Villa 
 Nueva de la Santa Cruz. Grant by Don Francisco Cuerbo 
 y Valdez, May 23, 1707. Small spring on the road be- 
 tween Nambe and the Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz de la 
 Canada. 
 
 Juan Trujillo. Grant. [Tom to pieces.] Tract of 
 land near the Pojoaque river, sold to him by Sebastian de 
 Salas. Testimonio of sale made on October 19, 1701. 
 
 Juan Trujillo. Grant to Francisco de Anaya of a tract 
 of land called San Isidro, between Cuyamungue and Ja- 
 cona, November 27, 1699, by Don Pedro Rodriguez Cu- 
 bero. Sold by him to Sebastian de Cansua, son-in-law of 
 Anaya, it ha\dng belonged to ]\Iaria de Anaya, his wife. 
 
 Ignaeio de Roibal, captain. Grant of house and lands in 
 Santa Fe by Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero, February 15, 
 1698. 
 
 Grant, the place of Jacona, the surplus of the grant to 
 Captain Jacinto Pelaez, by Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero, 
 October 2, 1702. 
 
 Grant of a piece of land, which, before the revolution, 
 belonged to the maestro de campo, Francisco Gomez Rob- 
 ledo. The land consisted of five fanegas of wheat land, 
 about a quarter of a league below the city of Santa Fe. 
 Grant made by Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero, May 4, 1698. 
 
 Mateo Trujillo. Grant of half a fanega of corn land by 
 the Marques de la Nava de Brazinas, April 7, 1695. to 
 Getrudis de Barrera y Sandoval. Situate in the jurisdic- 
 tion of the Canada. Sold to Trujillo by the grantee. Also 
 a grant of agricultural and pasture land on the other side 
 of the Rio del Norte between Santa Clara and San Ildc- 
 fonzo, November 29, 1700. He also presented a grant made 
 by Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero, on October 6, 1698, to 
 Juan de la Mora Pineda, at a place called Las Cuevas, on 
 the Canada de San Cristoval in the jurisdiction of Villa 
 Nueva.
 
 332 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Isabel Gonzales, widow of Juan de Archuleta. Grant of 
 a raneho in the jurisdiction of La Canada, formerly be- 
 longing to Pedro de la Cruz, made by the Marquez de la 
 Nava de Brazinas to Manuel Vallejo, on April 6, 1695. 
 This was sold by the said Vallejo to Isabel Gonzales. 
 
 Also a grant made to Tomas . . . de Tegeda of a 
 tract of land formerly belonging to Alonzo del Rio, granted 
 on April 6, 1695. Sold to Isabella Gonzales. 
 
 Also grant made to Juan de Archuleta, husband of Isa- 
 bel Gonzales, by Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero on June 12, 
 1698, being a ranclw of eight fanegas of wheat land adjoin- 
 ing the lands of the pueblo of San Juan. 
 
 Cristobal de Torres, ensign. Grant of lands on the Bio 
 del Norte adjoining the Pajarito Tract, made by the Mar- 
 ques de la Nava de Brazinas on May 15, 1695, and a rati- 
 fication of the same by the Marques de la Penuela on 
 August 11, 1711. 
 
 Also a grant made by Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero on 
 January 22, 1699, of a tract of land on the Rio del Norte, 
 formerly belonging to Sargento jNIayor Ambrosio Saenz. 
 
 Baltazar Trujillo. Grant of four fanegas of land that 
 formerly belonging to the widow of Archuleta, in the val- 
 ley of Taos. Made by Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero, Sep- 
 tember 19, 1702. 
 
 Cristobal Jaramillo, ensign. Resident of Alburquerque. 
 Petition that possession be given him of a house and lands 
 that formerly belonged to Doiia Luisa Trujillo. Possession 
 given February 20, 1706. 
 
 Antonio Barela. Petition on August 10, 1707, to Captain 
 Martin Hurtado, chief alcalde of Alburquerque, ask- 
 ing that possession be given him of the lands that were 
 given him at the time that said town was settled. Possession 
 was given by the alcalde. 
 
 Juan de Archuleta. Grant made by Don Pedro Rodri- 
 guez Cubero on February 27. 1699, of half a fanega of ag- 
 ricultural land at Santa Fe, the boundaries being the lands 
 of "Old" Lucero, Miguel Moran, Pedro Lujan, and Maria 
 de la Encamacion. 
 
 Juan Paez Hurtado. Grant by Don Diego de Vargas 
 Zapata Lujan Ponce de Leon, on March 3, 1704, of the 
 surplus lands between the pueblos of Pojoaque and Nambe, 
 bounded by the lands of Juan and Carlos Lopez. 
 
 Baltazar Romero. Grant by the Marquez de la Penuela 
 on September 15, 1707, of house and lands formerly be- 
 longing to Doiia Isabel Ilolguin. Salvador Martinez had 
 an interest in the irrigable lands.
 
 THE SPANISH AKCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 333 
 
 Juan Gonzales, captain. Resident of Bernalillo. Grant 
 made to IVIaria Barbara Lujan by the Marques de la Nava 
 de Brazinas on March 21, 1696, of a tract of land on the 
 Rio del Norte, said land having belonged to Estevan Barba, 
 he having purchased the same before the revolution. 
 
 Also a grant of the puehlo of Puara, made December 31, 
 1711. Also a confirmation of the grant of the deserted 
 puehlo of Alameda, made by Don Juan Ignacio Flores Mo- 
 gollon, said confirmation being made in view of the land 
 having been given or sold to him by Francisco Montes 
 Vigil, to whom it had been granted by the Marques de la 
 Penuela. 
 
 Cristobal Barela. Resident of Bernalillo. Grant at the 
 town of Alburquerque of a tract of land granted to him by 
 Captain Martin Hurtado, chief alcalde, bounded on the 
 west by the Bio del Norte, south by lands of Lorenzo Car- 
 bajal, and north by lands of Antonio Gutierrez. 
 
 Pedro Lopez. Grant of a tract of land on the Rio del 
 Norte called San Nicolas opposite the agricultural lands of 
 Atrisco and on the edge of the Esteros de Mexia. Granted 
 by Don Diego de Vargas on March 4, 1695. Also a con- 
 firmation of the same by Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero on 
 August 26, 1698. 
 
 Sebastian Gonzales. Grant of two fanegas of wheat land 
 up the river from Santa Fe, by the Marques de la Nava de 
 Brazinas on January 18, 1704. Also a grant of a piece of 
 land of half a fanega by the Marques de la Nava de Bra- 
 zinas on March 12. 1695. Confirmation of the same by the 
 Marques de la Penuela, August 27, 1707. 
 
 Melehora de los Reyes. Grant of lands in the Canada 
 . to her husband, Luis IMartin, by Don Pedro 
 Rodriguez Cubero, on June 25, 1700. Also a grant in the 
 Canada ... by the Marques de la Penuela on 
 December 23, 1711. Confirmation of the same by the Mar- 
 ques de la Penuela, May 4, 1712. 
 
 Luis Garcia. Grant of a tract of land called Sa7i An- 
 tonio, on the Rio del Norte, formerly the property of his 
 grandfather, to the maestro de campo, Alonzo Garcia, by 
 the Marques de la Penuela, August 30, 1704. 
 
 Pedro Montes Vigil. Grant of lands on the Tesuque 
 river above the rancho of the Gomez, by Don Juan Ignacio 
 Flores Mogollon. November 10, 1713. 
 
 Jacinto Sanchez, captain. Grant in the jurisdiction of 
 the new town of Santa Cruz, made to Silvestre Pacheco on 
 March 3, 1704, by the IMarques de la Nava de Brazinas. 
 
 Juan Garcia de las Rivas, captain. Grant of three
 
 334 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 fanegas of corn land on the other side of the Rio de Santa 
 Fe, made to Captain iMiguel Garcia, his father, by Don 
 Pedro Rodriguez Cubero. Also grant of the abandoned 
 pueblo of San Marcos, by the Marques de la Penuela on 
 February 12, 1712. 
 
 Simon Nieto. Grant of a tract of land one league from 
 the pueblo of Galisteo, made to his father, Cristobal Nieto, 
 by Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero, on January 20, 1700. 
 
 Luis Lopez. Grant of lands in the Canada de Chimayo 
 adjoining the lands of Francisco Martin, made on Decem- 
 ber 10, 1706, by Don Francisco Cuerbo y Valdez. 
 
 Maria de Tapia, a widow. Grant of lands on the other 
 side of the Rio de Santa Fe, formerly belonging to Fer- 
 nando Martin, by Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero, on Jan- 
 uary 30, 1702. 
 
 Jose Manuel Giltomey. Grant of uncultivated lands on 
 the other side of the Rio de Santa Fe, by Don Francisco 
 Cuerbo, August 27, 1706. 
 
 Ale jo Martin. Resident of Santa Cruz. Donation of a 
 rancho made to himself and his brothers, Antonio and 
 Maria Martin, by Captain Luis Martin, on July 19, 1700. 
 
 Also partition of lands made by Juan Arguello on Oc- 
 tober 5, 1704, before Captain Nicolas Ortiz, chief al- 
 calde of the Villa Nueva. 
 
 Petition of himself and Felipe de Aratia to the Mar- 
 ques de la Penuela on account of a suit and claim of An- 
 tonio and Fernando Martin. 
 
 Donation of a piece of land at the rancho which he 
 owns on the Rio del Norte above the pueblo of San Juan, 
 dated June 12, 1712. 
 
 Petition to the Marques de la Penuela praying that 
 Juan Roque Gutierrez, chief alcalde of La Canada, be 
 directed to give possession to the persons to whom Captain 
 Sebastian Martin has made donation of the land. 
 
 Order in which said alcalde is directed to give posses- 
 sion to Alejo Martin, Antonio Martin, Francisco Martin, 
 Miguel Martin, Felipe Martin, Jose Lujan, Felipe de Ara- 
 tia, and Pedro de Abila, etc., etc. 
 
 Diego Lucero. Grant of lands in Santa Fe, about half 
 a fanega of corn and two of wheat land made by Don 
 Pedro Rodriguez Cubero on July 30, 1697. This grant is 
 also said to have been made to Antonio Lucero de Godoy, 
 father of Diego Lucero. 
 
 The petition was filed by Joseph Manuel Gilthomey, 
 who was at that time secretary of the cabildo (town 
 council). Under this order all citizens were directed to
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 335 
 
 present to the cabildo within a period of two months, 
 their titles and grants for their lands, houses, and ranches, 
 in order that the cabildo might inspect and make note 
 thereof, with a view to preventing litigation in the future. 
 
 The order also directed that chief alcaldes, before whom 
 instruments might be executed, should not deliver the 
 originals to the parties, but should give certified copies, 
 sending the originals to the cabildo, where they were to 
 be permanently filed. The order was promulgated at 
 Santa Fe, Santa Cniz de la Caiiada, and Alburquerque, 
 July 24, 30, and Au^ist 10, 1713, respectively. 
 
 Subsequently memoranda of the documents presented 
 to the cabildo in compliance with this order, wtere made 
 in a book kept for that purpose, known as the "Libra de 
 cabildo," which is archive 1136, which entries are as 
 herein given. 
 
 These memoranda contain references to the lands of the 
 Indians in some cases, and these are as follows: 
 
 Leaf 1, page 1. Second Entry. 
 
 On the first of August, one thousand seven hundred 
 and thirteen, Juan de Mestas presented the grant of the 
 ranch on which he lives at Pojoaque, named San Buena- 
 ventura, made by Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero, for three 
 fanegas of corn-planting land, on the ninth of December, 
 one thousand six hundred and ninety-nine ; and the pos- 
 session given by the maestre de campo, Roque Madrid, 
 lieutenant-governor of this kingdom. And its boundaries 
 are from the slope of a hill as far as the river below the 
 pueblo of Pojoaque, and toward the pueblo of Jacona 
 from east to west as far as a bluff, and north (to) south 
 as far as the hills which descend from Cuyamungue. 
 
 Leaf 2, page 1. Third entry. 
 
 Captain Sebastian JMartin presented a ^rant of a tract 
 and farm of cultivable lands, made by the Marquis of La 
 Peiiuela, on the twenty-third day of the month of May, 
 of the year one thousand seven hundred and twelve, in 
 which he validates the one that he had, made by the ]\Iar- 
 quis of Naba de Bracinas, in which he cut off the persons 
 who formerly had said grant, because of the period which 
 His Majesty grants for the settling of new lands having 
 passed ; and said grant is countersigned by Cristobal de 
 Gongora, military secretary, who by virtue of a commis- 
 sion from said INIarquis de La Peiiuela, gave him posses- 
 sion of said tract and farm on the tenth day of the month 
 of June of said year. And its boundaries are on the 
 north side the Canada del Embudo de Picuries, on the
 
 336 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 south a cross that is placed at the boundaries of the lands 
 which belong to the puehio of San Juan, and on the west 
 a table-land which is on the other side of the Rio del 
 Norte, and on the east the highway which goes out from 
 Chiniayo toward the pueblo of Picuries; with entrances 
 and exits, as appears from said grant, which was returned 
 to him. 
 
 On the 30th of August, of the year 1713, by virtue of 
 what is commanded by the governor and captain-general 
 of this kingdom, Captain Joseph Trujillo presented a 
 grant made to him by the castellan, Don Pedro Cubero, 
 on the 29th of December, 1700, for the lands which an- 
 ciently belonged to Francisco Jimenez, close to the San 
 Ildefonso table-land and lands of the sargento mayor, 
 Ambrosio Saens, attested by Domingo de Barreda, civil 
 and military secretary; and the possession of said lands, 
 which on the 21st of March, of the year 1701, was given 
 to him by the maestre de campo, Roque Madrid. 
 
 And at the same time he presented another grant, made 
 by the same castellan, on the 23d day of April of the 
 same year, for another piece of land for the pasturing of 
 stock, contiguous to that of Francisco Jimenez, in the dis- 
 trict of the New Town of Santa Cruz {Villa Nueva de 
 Santa Cruz) attested also by said Domingo de la Barreda, 
 and the possession of said piece of land given by said 
 chief alcalde. 
 
 As also he presented another grant for a piece of land 
 for pasturing large and small stock, where there is a small 
 spring of water on the Nanihe road that goes to the New 
 Town (Villa Nueva), of which, on the 23d day of May, 
 1701, General Don Francisco Cuervo made him a grant, 
 countersigned by Don Alonzo Rael de Aguilar, military 
 secretary, with the possession which said maestre de 
 campo, Roque Madrid, gave on the 16th of June, of said 
 year, the boundaries of which appear in said grants, which 
 originals I returned for the protection of his right. 
 
 Leaf 3, page 1. Second entry. 
 
 On the 30th of August, of the year 1713, before me, 
 General Juan Paez Hurtado, ordinary alcalde, Juan Tru- 
 jillo, a citizen of the district of La Canada ( Santa Cruz), 
 appeared and presented a land grant, torn into shreds, 
 for a piece of agricultural lands of about two fanegas of 
 corn, which Sebastian de Salas sold to him, on the other 
 side of the Pojoaque river, the boundaries of which ap- 
 pear in the certified copy of the deed, which was made 
 before Joseph Rodriguez, ordinary alcalde, at the town
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 337 
 
 of Santa Fe, on the 19tli of the month of October, of the 
 year 1701. 
 
 Leaf 3, page 1. Third entry. 
 
 On the 30th of August, of the year 1713, Juan Trujillo 
 appeared before me. General Juan Paez Hurtado, and 
 presented a grant made to the sargento mayor, Francisco 
 de Anaya, for a tract of agricultural lands between Cuya- 
 mungue and Jacona, called San Isidro, made by the cas- 
 tellan, Don Pedro Cubero, on the 27th day of the month 
 of November, of the year 1699, attested by Domingo de la 
 Barreda, civil and military secretary, which Sebastian 
 Cansua, son-in-law of said sargento mayor, sold to him, 
 because of their belonging to his wife, Maria de Anaya; 
 and the possession given by the maestre de campo, Roque 
 Madrid, on the 10th day of December of said year; the 
 boundaries of which appear in said grant, the original of 
 which I returned to him for the protection of his right. 
 
 On the 1st of September, of the year 1713, Mateo Tru- 
 jillo presented before me, General Juan Paez Hurtado, 
 ordinary alcalde of this town of Santa Fe, in virtue of 
 what is commanded by the governor and captain-general 
 of this kingdom ... a grant of a tract of land 
 for cultivation and the rearing of large and small stock 
 on the other side of the Rio del Norte between the pu- 
 eblos of Santa Clara and Ildefonso, which on the 21st 
 of November, 1700, the castellan, Don Pedro Rodriguez 
 Cubero, gave to him by grant, attested by Domingo de la 
 Barreda, military secretary; and the possession which the 
 maestre de campo, Roque de Madrid, gave on the 9th of 
 September, 1701 ; the boundaries of which appear in said 
 grant, the original of which I returned to him. 
 
 Leaf 4, page 1. Second entry. 
 
 On the seventh day of the month of September, of the 
 year one thousand seven hundred and thirteen. Captain 
 Ignacio de Roibal presented three grants of land . . . 
 the second for the place of Jacona, district of the 
 Town of Santa Cruz, for the surplus of what Captain Ja- 
 cinto Pelaez had by grant, also made by the same castellan 
 (Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero), on the second of October, 
 seventeen hundred and tAvo ; attested by Pedro de Morales, 
 civil and military secretary; the boundaries of which ap- 
 pear in said grant, and of which I returned to him the 
 original. 
 
 The third for a piece of land which before the revolu- 
 tion of the year eighty (1680) belonged to the maestre de 
 campo, Francisco Gomez Robledo, which may contain five
 
 338 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 fanegas of wheat-planting land, below the Town of Santa 
 Cruz about one-fourth of a league, between the lands of 
 Domingo IMartin and Ambrosio Saes, of which lands the 
 said castellan (Don Pedro Rodriguez Cubero) made liim 
 a grant on the fourth of INIay, sixteen hundred and ninety- 
 eight ; attested by Domingo de la Barreda, military secre- 
 tary, which I returned to him with the two preceding 
 ones, to serve him as a formal title. 
 
 Leaf 4, page 2. Second entry. 
 
 Isabel Gonzales, widow of Juan de Archuleta, on the 
 eleventh day of September, of the year 1713, presented 
 . . . another grant for another ranch of eight fanegas 
 of corn-planting land, which adjoins the lands of the 
 pueblo of San Juan, made by the castellan, Don Pedro 
 Rodriguez Cubero, to Juan de Archuleta, the husband of 
 said Isabel Gonzales, on the 12th of June, of 1698, at- 
 tested by Domingo de la Barreda. 
 
 Leaf 5, page 2. Fourth entry. 
 
 On said day General Juan Paez Hurtado presented a 
 grant, which on March 3, 1704, General Don Diego de 
 Vargas made to him, for the surplus lands which there 
 might be at the puchlo of Pojoaque — I mean between 
 the pueblo of Pojoaque and that of Nambe ; and they ad- 
 join the lands of Juan and Carlos Lopez ; and the posses- 
 sion which on the 7th of said month of March and year 
 of the date. Captain Ignacio de Roibal gave to him ; the 
 boundaries of which appear in said grant, the original of 
 which I returned to him to serve as a formal title. 
 MANUEL BACA. Grant of lands at the Angostu7-a de 
 Berirmlillo, made by Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Lujan 
 Ponce de Leon on January 14, 1695. These lands form- 
 erly belonged to his father, Cristobal Baca. 
 BERNARDINO de SENA. Grant of lands on the other 
 side of the river at Santa Fe, made by the Marques de 
 la Nava de Brazinas on May 3, 1694. 
 VICENTE . . . DE ARMIJO. Grant of half a fane- 
 ga of corn land, house and garden, made by the Marques 
 de la Nava de Brazinas on November 29, 1703. 
 DIEGO MARQUES de AYALA. Ensign. Grant of 
 lands made by Don Ignacio Flores Mogollon on July 28, 
 1713. 
 
 On July 21, 1713, a decree was made by the governor 
 and captain-general, Don Ignacio Flores Mogollon, re- 
 quiring all documents relative to grants of land thereto- 
 fore made to be presented to the cabildo of Santa Fe.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 339 
 
 1137 COPIES OF LAWS relating to the colonization and 
 settlement of lands of March 12, 1828, November 21, 
 1828, March 11, 1842. 
 
 1138 PETITION of Half -Breed Indians of Santa Fe. 
 
 Certified copy dated Arispe, 1780. Certified by Antonio 
 Bonilla. No action taken. 
 
 Bentura Bustamante, lieutenant of the Genizaros (half- 
 breed Indians) of the Villa de Santa Fe, by order of his 
 captain, Juan Armijo, and in the name of thirty-three 
 associates of the same class of Indians, filed a protest with 
 the governor and captain-general against being taken 
 away from Santa Fe, where they had built houses, had 
 cultivated fields, etc., to the Cumanche frontier to fight, 
 threatening to leave Santa Fe and the Spaniards and join 
 the hostiles {gentiles), 
 
 1139 MANUEL de ALVAREZ. Citizenship. 
 
 Don Manuel Alvarez was one of the most prominent citi- 
 zens in New Mexico at the time of the American Occupa- 
 tion. In 1839, he held the position of United States 
 consul at Santa Fe. In 1825, in company with a party of 
 French trappers or fur traders, he came to Santa Fe from 
 St. Louis, Missouri. The following year he made applica- 
 tion to the Mexican government for citizenship papers. For 
 some reason or other not explained by the archive he was 
 never able to secure Mexican citizenship. At the time of 
 his appointment as American consul at Santa Fe in 1839, 
 he was still a Spanish subject. 
 
 Containing, as they do, a number of points of historical 
 interest, copies of his papers as filed with the Mexican 
 government at the time of his arrival in Santa Fe, are 
 given herewith : 
 
 ' ' Most Excellent Sir : 
 
 ' ' Manuel Alvarez, a native of the village of Abelgas, in 
 the ancient Kingdom of Leon, with due respect appears 
 before Your Excellency and says that having presented 
 two applications, dated June 14, 1825, and May 11th of 
 the present year, asking for papers of naturalization of 
 this Republic, through the Political Chief of this Terri- 
 tory and not having been successful in such purpose, pos- 
 sibly on account of the petition being lost, mislaid, de- 
 layed or from other causes unknown to me, to obviate all 
 of which for reasons set forth in my former petition, I 
 am setting forth in this and will say that I address this
 
 340 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 to Your Excellency, knowing your solicitude and kind- 
 ness in such matters, that Your Excellency may be pleased 
 to decide what your petitioner requests. 
 
 "Always, Most Excellent Sir, I have been anxious to 
 reside here under a liberal government for which reason 
 for eight years I have remained on this Continent visiting 
 the United States of America and this Republic, whose 
 origin gives guaranty of protection and happiness, and 
 washing to participate therein, I reiterate to Your Ex- 
 cellency my request, hoping that you will give it early 
 determination and not delay me longer in the sweet satis- 
 faction which will result. 
 
 "Your petitioner in order to remove any suspicion or 
 obstacles, causing further delays, would say something in 
 regard to his conduct and manner of living, but even 
 though such statement may be unnecessary, he states to 
 Your Excellency that he speaks the English and French 
 languages; that he has been a trader up to the present 
 time, and proposes in the future to devote himself to the 
 pursuit of agriculture at some convenient locality, all of 
 which was referred to in my petition to the Political Chief 
 which he may have given to Your Excellency. 
 
 "To the highest consideration of Your Excellency your 
 petitioner leaves a knowledge of how greatly he will con- 
 sider the prompt possession of the naturalization papers 
 which he has solicited, and is satisfied that Your Excel- 
 lency's well known reputation for justice and kindness 
 wall prompt you to act satisfactorily and to the end that 
 your petitioner will be content over what has hapj)ened. 
 
 "Manuel de Alvarez 
 "Santa Fe, Nov. 27, 1826." 
 
 "To THE Honorable Political Chief. 
 
 "The citizen, Manuel de Alvarez, native of the village 
 of Abelgas, of the ancient Kingdom of Leon, at present 
 a resident of this Territory of the Mexican Federation, 
 in the most proper manner, appears before Your Ex- 
 cellency and says: That having left his native land in 
 the year 1818, he had determined to take up his residence 
 either in the United States of North America or in Mex- 
 ican territory and having gone from Habana to the first 
 mentioned country, he landed at New York as credited by 
 the enclosed passport ; I visited the said country and know 
 it not to be a place of convenient residence, but preferring 
 the Mexican Republic I have come here for that purpose.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 341 
 
 I request Your Excellency to present my application for 
 citizenship to the Sovereign Constitutional Congress as I 
 desire to become a useful citizen of this country and to 
 its inhabitants, protesting that I am of the Roman Catho- 
 lic faith, and what may be necessary in order to attain 
 that for which I desire. 
 
 "All of which I ask and request Your Excellency to 
 present my application and the attached report to the 
 Supreme Government of the Federation and the Sovereign 
 Constitutional Congress for the attainment of the same. 
 
 "The entire lack of sealed paper in this Territory has 
 prevented my application being made upon sealed paper, 
 but I offer to pay its value. Manuel de Alvarez. 
 
 "Santa Fe, June 14, 1825." 
 
 Governor Baca endorsed the application favorably, stat- 
 ing that Alvarez manifested a great zeal for the Catholic 
 faith. 
 
 His passport, dated Habana, April 29, 1823, is signed 
 by Don Sebastian Kindelan y Oregan, Knight of the Mili- 
 tary Orders of Santiago and Ferdinand, 3d class, of the 
 Cross and City of Herraenejildo, Brigadier of the National 
 Armies, Subaltern Corporal of the Captain-Generalcy of 
 the Island of Cuba, Provisional Captain-General of the 
 same and Superior Political Chief of the City and Prov- 
 ince of Habana, etc., etc. 
 
 Countersigned by Antonio Maria de la Torre y Car- 
 denas. All of the papers of Alvarez used in connection 
 herewith were certified to by 
 
 Francisco Perez Serrano y Aguirre [Rubric] 
 
 Provisional Secretary 
 
 Accompanying his papers is a passport from Governor 
 Alexander McNair, of Missouri, as follows: 
 
 "United States of North America. 
 
 "Alexander McNair, Governor of the State of Missouri. 
 
 "To all who shall see these Presents, Greeting, Be it 
 known that Francis Robidoux, Isidor Roubidou, Antonio 
 LaMarche, ]\Ianuel Alvarez, Jose Martin, Joseph Gervais, 
 Astasio Lasalle, Charles Hotte, Francois Laroque, Fran- 
 cois Quenelle, Joseph Decary, and Antoine Baucheum, 
 traders to Mexico, all citizens of the United States, 
 to me well known as such and that they enjoy and are 
 entitled to all the privileges of citizens of our free and in- 
 dependent Republic.
 
 342 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 "In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand 
 and caused the great Seal of the State of Missouri to be 
 Affixed. 
 
 "Done at Saint Charles, this 3d day of September A. D. 
 one thousand eight hundred and twenty-four, and of the 
 Independence of the United States the forty-ninth. 
 (Seal) "By the Governor. A. McNair 
 
 "William G. Pettus 
 
 "Secretary of State." 
 
 "Height, 5 feet 2 inches; color, pale; nose, regular; 
 brows, black; hair, black; no beard." 
 
 1140 DECREE of Departmental Assembly in relation to 
 the abandonment of granted lands. 1837. 
 
 1141 XEMES, ZIA, and SANTA ANA, 1713. 
 
 Receipt of order by Alcalde. Tibursio Ortega, Alcalde. 
 San Geronimo de Taos. Receipt of the same. Miguel de 
 Sandoval Martinez, Alcalde. 
 
 In the year 1766 "In compliance with the directions of 
 his excellency, Don Tomas Velez Cachupin, governor and 
 captain-general" Bartolome Fernandez, chief alcalde and 
 war-captain of the pueblos of the Queres, delivered pos- 
 session to the pueblos of Xemes, Zia, and Santa Ana of a 
 tract of land bounded ' ' from north to south from the place 
 Ventana to the stone ford of the Puerco river, the boun- 
 daries also of the citizens of the place San Fernando of 
 Nuestra Senora de la Luz; and from east to west from 
 the pueblo of Zia to the said Puerco river, the eastern edge, 
 the whole valley of the Holy Ghost spring being embraced 
 within the center and within the boundaries of this grant. ' ' 
 At the time possession was given there were present the 
 following Indian governors (caciques) : Cristoval Naspona, 
 Cristoval Chiguigui, Pedro Chite, Sebastian, Lazaro, and 
 Juan Antonio, and the war-captains Agustin, Tomas, Juan 
 Domingo, and other Indian magistrates. 
 
 1142 JUAN OTERO. 
 
 Decree of Departmental Assembly revoking grant made 
 Francisco Sarracino. His suspension recommended, 1845. 
 
 1143 MINING COURTS in New Mexico. 1846. 
 
 Decree establishing them. Manuel Armijo, Governor. 
 Tomas Ortiz, President. Miguel de Pino, Secretary.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 343 
 
 1144 QUICKSILVER. 
 
 Sale of, etc. El Caballero de Croix. Juan Joseph Fer- 
 nandez de Soria. 
 
 1145 PAJARITO. 
 
 Complaint of Francisco Lopes that settlers at said place 
 will not take possession of their lands. 1844. Gregorio 
 Vigil, Alcalde. 
 
 1146 PRINTED COPY of Land Law of March 11, 1842. 
 
 1147 INTERPRETATION of the law of 1813 in relation to 
 
 reducing the public lands to private ownership. 
 
 Printed copy. Letter of transmittal of the same to Gov- 
 ernor of New Mexico. Bernardo Bonavia. 
 
 1148 MADARIAGA. Tome. 1837. 
 
 Communication to the Departmental Assembly in relation 
 to settlements abandoned on account of Indian raids. 
 
 This archive refers to the settlers at Manzano who aban- 
 doned their lands on account of attacks of hostile Indians ; 
 also to the settlements at Las Huertas and Carnuel and 
 mentions the building of a large fort at Manzano by all 
 of the settlers. 
 
 The Town of Tome was a regularly organized Villa, 
 had its ayuntamiento and other officers prior to the 
 change from Spanish to Mexican sovereignty and later; 
 it had a "Sala Capitular." This is shown in the granting 
 papers in the Casa Colorada Land Grant. Miguel de 
 Olona was the secretary of the cabildo. The grant known 
 as the Casa Colorada was made upon the petition of Jose 
 Maria Perea by the Corporation of Tome and was ap- 
 proved by the Provincial Deputation, September 15, 1823. 
 The original settlers on this grant came from the vicinity 
 of Manzano and were: Jose Maria Perea, Rafael Perea, 
 Antonio Torres, Dionisio Maldonado, Eugenio Barela, Do- 
 mingo Lucero, Vincente Torres, Juan Cruz Turietta, 
 Julian Sanchez, Aban Sanchez, Miguel Archuleta, Gre- 
 gorio Sedillo, Jose de Jesus Maldonado. Jose Sedillo, 
 IMiguel Lucero, Rafael Cedillo, Guadalupe Perea (widow), 
 Matilda INIontoya (widow), Cristobal Jaramillo, Rafael 
 Torres, Buenaventura Sanchez, Manuel Baca, Jose Baca, 
 Juan Antonio Serna, Jose Antonio Benavides, Carlos 
 Baca, Juan Agustin Barela, Vincente Moya, Antonio Tor- 
 res, Sr., Julian Benavides, Tomas Benavides, Jose Galle- 
 gos, Jose Maria Sedillo, Antonio Torres, 2d, Joaquin
 
 344 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Sanchez, Mariano Pino, Esteban Baca, Andres Zamora, 
 Jose Anto Sedillo, Juan Castillo, and Tomas Sanchez. 
 
 By virtue of a decree of June 23, 1823, all of the in- 
 habitants in the outlying valleys and mountains and other 
 places liable to attack from hostile Indians were ordered 
 to gather in settlements. These people all came from the 
 vicinity of the Manzano mountains. 
 
 1149 SANTA FE PALACE, 1827. 
 
 The "Palace" is turned over to the Jefe Politico. 
 
 1150 BLOTTER in reference to the discovery and working 
 
 of lead mines. 
 
 This lead mine was at Las Huertas ; date of letter, August 
 13, 1818 ; good for bullets and the defense of the country 
 against the gentile tribes; sent five or six loads (cargas) 
 for use against "los enemigos del estado. " 
 
 1151 CIENEGA. 
 
 Grant to the City of Santa Fe. Copy not certified. 1715. 
 
 1152 DISCOVERY OF MINERAL among the Comanches. 
 1829. 
 
 Bocanegra. 
 
 1153 SAN MIGUEL del BADO. 1825. 
 
 Petition of the people to their Ayuntamiento asking that 
 attention be called to their petition to the Provincial As- 
 sembly protesting against the extent of the Tract granted 
 to Juan Estevan Pino. 
 
 On December 6, 1823, Juan Estevan Pino, a man of 
 great prominence in New jMexico at that period, filed his 
 petition with the governor of New IMexico asking for 
 lands described as follows: "On the north by the land- 
 marks of the farm or land of Don Antonio Ortiz and the 
 tableland of the Aguage de la Yegua ; on the south by the 
 Pecos river; on the east by the tableland of Pajarito, 
 and on the west by the point of the tableland of the CJm- 
 paines." The grant was made December 23, 1823. and 
 the land was called the Hacienda of San Juan Baptista del 
 Ojito del Rio de las Gallinas. Pino received possession of 
 the property; his heirs disposed of it to Preston Beck, 
 to whose son, Preston Beck, Jr., it was confirmed by Con- 
 gress, June 21, 1860.
 
 THE SPANISH AKCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 345 
 
 1154 MANUEL TRUGILLO. 1828. Albiirquerqiie. 
 
 Petition to the Governor in regard to the return of certain 
 papers by the Alcalde of Socorro. 
 
 1155 ALAMILLO, 1800. 
 
 Account of its re-settlement. Not signed. 
 
 1156 JOSEPH XARAMILLO to Barbara, Matilde and Ca- 
 tarina Viviana Ballejos. Alburqiierque, 1732. 
 
 Land. Juan Gonzales Bas, Alcalde. 
 
 1157 APPROVAL BY THE KING of the action of the 
 Superior Junta of Mexico in the modification of Ar- 
 ticle 81 of the Ordenanza de Intendentes, 1798. 
 
 Certified copy by Manuel Merino. 
 
 1158 SAN PEDRO TRACT. 1840. 
 
 Letter of Antonio IMontoya, Alcalde of Sandia, to Guada- 
 lupe Miranda in reference to the same. 
 
 In February, 1844, the governor of New Mexico made a 
 grant to Jose Serafin Ramirez of lands in the county of 
 Santa Fe described as "bounded on the north by the 
 Placer road that goes down by the yellow timber; on the 
 south, the northern boundary of the San Pedro grant; 
 on the east, the spring of the Caiion del Agua ; on the west, 
 the summit of the mountain of the mine known as the 
 property of your Petitioner." 
 
 This tract of land as described was confirmed by act 
 of Congress. 
 
 In the suit of the United States vs. The San Pedro and 
 Cafion del Agua Company, finally determined by the su- 
 preme court of the United States, it was held that the 
 mineral underlying the surface of the lands within the 
 limits of this grant were still the property of the United 
 States. That the company when it purchased was fully 
 cognizant of the definite character of the grant which had 
 been made to Ramirez; that when the lands mentioned, 
 at the time of the Treaty of Guadalupe, passed under 
 the dominion of the government of the United States, 
 the title to the mineral lands became vested in the United 
 States government ; that Ramirez had a claim to no greateT 
 interest than he had obtained from the IMexican govern- 
 ment, which had not parted with the title to the mineral 
 underlying the surface; that the Spanish and Mexican 
 governments reserved the rights to minerals unless other-
 
 346 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 wise stipulated, and no such express grant had been made 
 to R-amirez. 
 
 This decision, affirming the decision of the supreme 
 court of New Mexico, was a great injustice to the persons 
 who had innocently purchased this property. 
 
 1159 INVENTORY of DOCUMENTS in the public arch- 
 ives during the time that Gei^^asio Cruzat y Gongora 
 was Governor, 1736. No. 1136, q. v. 
 
 1160 PETITION, 1852. 
 
 People of Taos county in regard to lands occupied by 
 them as pasture lands. Addressed to James S. Calhoun, 
 Governor, 
 
 1161 EXPEDITION, 1803, for the discovery of the Cerro 
 
 del Oro. 
 
 The Cerro del Oro (Mountain of Gold) was never dis- 
 covered. Salcedo was deceived by the Indians, io whom 
 he gave money in advance for the information as to the lo- 
 cation of the "Mountain." 
 
 Second expedition in search of the Cerro del Oro. 
 
 1162 JUNTA DE FOMENTO de MINERIA. Mexico, 1844. 
 
 Asking information in regard to placer mines of New 
 Mexico. Jose Del Monte, President. 
 
 1163 STATISTICS of Santo Domingo, 1845. 
 
 1164 EL NACIMIENTO, 1815. 
 
 Settlement and partition of lands. Ignacio Sanchez Ver- 
 gara, Alcalde. 
 
 1165 PRINTED POSTER, offering reward for the arrest 
 of the traitor, Mina, 1817. 
 
 1166 TREATISE on Political Economy. 
 
 1167 BARTOLOMEl BACA. 
 
 Report on Indian Troubles, 1825. 
 
 A translation of this important document is as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 "I give notice to your excellency that this day arrived 
 the citizen, Manuel Mestas, interpreter, who by order of 
 the militia commander, Don Jose Viscarra, had visited the 
 Cumanche nation April 5th for the purpose of notifying
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 347 
 
 them of the hostile actions and robberies committed by 
 them at Eleceario and to the north. The Ciimanches 
 answered that it was a fact that they had participated 
 in the robberies and had fired upon the Spaniards but the 
 Kiowas were those who had made war on the Spaniards; 
 that the Kiowas now separated from them and had gone 
 to the pueblo of the Jumanes for a council of war for the 
 purpose of attacking those in the north ; this is what the 
 Cumanches said and they believed that such separation 
 and going to the Town of the Jumanes is for the purpose 
 of joining the said Town of Jumanes. 
 
 "The Kiowas will also march toward the north in Oc- 
 tober of the present year. The Cumanches also say they 
 will immediately confer with the Kiowas relative to what 
 would happen but by this method possibly the Kiowas 
 would desist and that they would advise us as to the re- 
 sult; that the Cumanches were not concerned in these 
 new hostilities on the part of the Kiowas and that they 
 will prove it; that the hostility of the Kiowas has arisen 
 because 12 of their number including a chief had been 
 killed. 
 
 "God and Liberty; El Bado, June 14, 1825. 
 
 "ToMAS Sena [rubric] 
 "To the Jefe Politico: 
 
 "Don Bartolome Baca." 
 
 The Spanish is "Puehlo de Jumanes." 
 
 "Several residents of this jurisdiction in my charge 
 have just arrived informing me that, having gone to 
 trade with a band of Cumanche Pelones and Kiowas, who 
 are at the Rio Nutrias, they met two captives from Paso 
 del Norte, one of them the servant of Don Agapito Alba, 
 who informed them that they were well taken care of 
 and not badly treated by the gentiles, for the reason that 
 they had agreed to accompany them in an attack upon 
 the Town of El Paso, showing them where the cattle of 
 said town were herded, and, adding further, that the In- 
 dians had agreed to set them free when this had been 
 done ; that they informed them of this on account of their 
 love of country, and requesting that if on this account 
 they were deprived of their freedom, still the information 
 ought to be given to the alcaldes so that the great wrong 
 might be prevented, all of which I communicate to you. 
 
 "God and Liberty, June 10, 1825. 
 
 "Severing Martinez [rubric] 
 "To the Hon. Political Chief, 
 Santa Fe,N. M."
 
 348 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 These letters were sent to Soto la Marina, the com- 
 mandant at Chihuahua. 
 
 1168 TAOS, 1824. 
 
 In relation to their wanting the title of Villa. 
 
 1169 MARIANO MARTINEZ, Governor. 
 
 Memorandum of official action taken by him during the 
 years 1844 and 1845. 
 
 1170 MINING DECREES, 1843. 
 
 1171 RE-SETTLEMENT of the Town of SOCORRO, 1800. 
 
 Pedro de Nava. 
 
 Juan de Oiiate does not mention the existence of the 
 pueblo which stood at Alamillo, a few miles north of the 
 present town of Socorro. At the time of the uprising in 
 1680 there was a church here dedicated to St. Anne, and, 
 according to Vetancurt, the population was about four 
 hundred. In 1681, when Governor Otermin returned to 
 New Mexico, in a vain attempt to reconquer, this pueblo 
 was destroyed by him. See Autos y Dilijencias hechas, 
 etc. Testimony of the maestro de campo, Francisco 
 Gomez. 
 
 1172 NEW MEXICO, 1826. 
 
 Report on boundaries, etc. Not signed. 
 
 1173 HILARIO MESTAS vs. Pablo Montoya, 1811. 
 
 Stock. Ignacio Sanchez Vergara, Alcalde. 
 
 1174 DEPARTMENTAL ASSEMBLY, 1845. 
 
 Twenty pages of the record of proceedings. 
 
 1175 JUAN NAVARRO, Governor of Durango. 1824. 
 
 Two letters to Bartolome Baca, in relation to payment of 
 duties on sheep. 
 
 1176 JUAN BAUTISTA VIGIL. 1824. 
 
 Two letters to Bartolome Baca on political matters. 
 
 1177 JOSEPH DE URQUIDL 1824. 
 
 Letter to Bartolome Baca. Political. 
 
 1178 JUAN ESTEVAN PINO. 1824. To Bartolome Baca. 
 
 Mercantile.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 349 
 
 1179 JUAN ESTEVAN PINO, 1823. 
 
 Receipt. 
 
 1180 ROYAL ClSDULA. February 14, 1805. 
 
 Relating to the extent of land grants. Copy. Certified 
 by Bernardo Villamil. 
 
 1181 JOSE ALVAREZ TOSTADO. 1825. 
 
 Religion. Letter to Bartolome Baca. 
 
 1182 RELIGION. 1825. 
 
 1183 RELIGION. 1824. 
 
 1184 STAMPED PAPER, Law of. 1823. 
 
 1185 MANUEL JOSE de ZULOAGA. 
 
 Political, 1827. 
 
 1186 No Consequence. 
 
 1187 MISSIONS. 1746. 
 
 Testimoriio of order of Viceroy certified by Joachin Co- 
 dallos y Rabal, Governor. 
 
 1188 MANUEL ARMIJO. 1827. 
 
 Letter to Territorial Deputation in relation to monopoly 
 of lands, etc. 
 
 1189 FRANCISCO TRUXILLO. 1824. 
 
 Letter to Bartolome Baca in relation to partition of lands 
 of the Ojo Calient e and report of said partition. 
 
 1190 FRANCISCO GUERRERO, alcalde, 1766. 
 
 List of deeds made by him belonging to the government 
 archives. 
 
 1191 RELIGION. 1808. 
 
 Census. 
 
 1192 VALLECITO GRANT. 1809-1813. 
 
 Protest of Manuel Martin and Juan Pedro Duran against 
 settlers of the same for not complying with conditions, 
 etc. Manuel Garcia, Alcalde. 
 
 1193 SETTLEMENT of PUBLIC LANDS. 1807. 
 
 Proclamation of the Viceroy. Jose Ignacio Negreros y 
 Soria. Nemesio Saleedo. No. 1180. q. v.
 
 350 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 1194 ALAMILLO and SEVILLETA, 1800. 
 
 Re-settlement. Pedro de Nava. 
 
 1195 IGNACIO SANCHES de VERGARA, 1821. 
 
 Letter to Governor Melgares, asking whether he may pe- 
 tition for a tract of land near the pueblo of Sandia. 
 Governor replies favorably. 
 
 1196 PEDRO DE NAVA. 1798. 
 
 Transmitting Boyal Decree of March 23, 1798. No. 
 1157, q. V. 
 
 1197 JOSE VINCENTE ORTIZ. No date. 
 
 Petition for land. No action. 
 
 1198 SANTA FE. 1705. 
 
 Order that houses shall be built. Francisco Cuerbo y 
 Valdez, Governor. 
 
 1199 RE-SETTLEMENT of the Town of SOCORRO and 
 those of SENECU, Sevilleta, and Alamillo, 1800. See 
 No. 1171. 
 
 Pedro de Nava. 
 
 In this letter Don Pedro de Nava gives instructions 
 for active war upon the Apaches in the vicinity of Mag- 
 dalena, N. M. Also at San Mateo. 
 
 Good signature of De Nava. 
 
 1200 ROMAN SANCHEZ. Santa Fe. 1825. 
 
 Testimonio certified by Antonio Narbona, Governor. 
 
 1201 PEDRO ANTONIO MESTAS. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe, 1826. Jose Ortega, Cabo. 
 
 1202 MATIAS SENA. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe, 1826. Jose Tapia, Cabo. 
 
 1203 No Value. 
 
 1204 FRANCISCO ANTONIO TORRES. 
 
 Will. 1826. Santa Fe. Jose Tapia, Cabo. 
 
 1205 FERNANDO DURAN y CHAVES and Baltazar Ro- 
 mero. 
 
 Petition. 1708. Asking that soldiers be stationed at 
 Alhurquerque.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 351 
 
 "To the Very Illustrious City Council, Justice and 
 Government : 
 
 ''The Captains Fernando Duran y Chabes and Balta- 
 zar Romero, residents of the Villa of Alburquerque, in 
 the name and with the authority of all of the citizens of 
 the same, appear before your excellency and asking that 
 all the privileges allowed by law be given them, they 
 say that whereas the Seiior General Don Francisco Cuerbo 
 y Valdez, who was governor of this kingdom, and who in 
 his time, because it appeared to him to be more advanta- 
 geous, ordered that the said Villa of Alburquerque be 
 settled in the year of one thousand seven hundred and 
 six, for which object and its due fulfillment he directed 
 us to make public his desire that this kingdom should be 
 greater and that we should increase our estates and not 
 experience in the future the epidemics of the preceding 
 years; he assisted us because we had no lands to plant 
 nor on which to raise our stock (and) although he gave 
 them abundantly at the place where we now are we did 
 not decide to enter upon them because of our poverty and 
 the danger from the enemies which surround us on all 
 sides, reasons which obliged the said general to give us 
 for our guard and defense a squadron of soldiers, in 
 order that they being present we might make some pro- 
 gress, reasons which induced us to leave Bernalillo, where 
 we resided; influenced by the desire to promote our wel- 
 fare and comfort, we were impelled to make oath and set- 
 tle the said Villa, and this having been accomplished the 
 said General Don Francisco Cuerbo y Valdez made a re- 
 port of the same to his excellency the Duke of Albur- 
 querque, to whom he reported and explained the condi- 
 tion of the new Villa [torn — small space] he had settled 
 and that for it he had given us said [torn, same as above] 
 reasons which caused the said viceroy to give [torn as 
 above] an election as appears by his order [torn as above] 
 in our favor, in order that it might so appear, and at the 
 same time he sent sacred vestments and altar furniture 
 and a bell for the said Villa, for which reason we believed 
 that he was well pleased with the said settlement, urg- 
 ing upon the said general with much earnestness the ne- 
 cessity for the preservation and increase of the said 
 Villa of Alburquerque; and now the Seiior Marques de 
 la Penuela, governor and captain-general, at this time 
 has been pleased to take away the said escort, for which 
 reason the enemy, seeing our weakness, have dared bar- 
 barously to conunit various robberies, every day carrying
 
 352 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 off our stock, taking it from our corrals, as is shown ; and 
 seeing that they are not punished, they may surprise us 
 and destroy us and our wives and children, which may 
 God forbid, and this they did not do before, although it 
 is true that they threatened us from afar, but they did 
 not dare to attack, for they knew that the soldiers were 
 almost upon them, and these are the reasons which have 
 caused us to present a petition for the said citizens to 
 the governor and captain-general, in which it was prayed 
 that he w^ould be pleased to grant them the said squad- 
 ron because of the circumstances set forth ; and he re- 
 plied in plain words that the petition was not admissi- 
 ble, and he did not grant it, and because of this we are 
 left very disconsolate, and in order that we may not be so 
 in the future we take refuge under the shadow and pro- 
 tection of your Excellency, in order that as you are in- 
 terested in the w^elfare and preservation of this commun- 
 ity, since it is under your charge, you may present our 
 cause, explaining to the said Marques, governor and cap- 
 tain-general, the reasons which compel us to make this 
 representation and [torn — small space] admissible to re- 
 move [torn as above] said place and to go where we may 
 deem best and that we may never be accused of con- 
 tumacy, as it is our desire to serve His Majesty; this we 
 do without any mental reservation and we protest the 
 truth of the same ; wherefore, 
 
 "We ask and Pray that Your Excellency will be pleased, 
 in view of this our statement, to favor us by doing what 
 we ask, since it is just, and we swear by God [torn a small 
 piece from the margin] and the Holy Cross that this is 
 not in bad faith, and the royal aid in [torn as above] we 
 pray, and in that which is necessary, etc. 
 
 "Fernando Duran y Chabes [rubric] 
 " B ALT AZAR Romero [rubric] 
 
 ' ' In the City of Santa Fe, on the fourteenth day of the 
 month of April of the year one thousand seven hundred 
 and eight, before the Council (Cavildo de Justicia y 
 Regimiento) of the same, this petition was presented by 
 the persons named in it, and it having been examined by 
 us, the members, we admitted it and in compliance with 
 it we proceeded to present it to the governor and cap- 
 tain-general, who said that he would apply the best rem- 
 edy, and in order that it may so appear we sign this with 
 our secretary of the council, who will place this instru-
 
 I i   
 
 i i 
 
 i t 
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 353 
 
 ment in the files and papers of our archives for future 
 reference. 
 
 "Ignacio de Roibal [rubric] 
 
 "Fran. Lorenzo de Cassados [rubric] 
 ■Phelix Martinez [rubric] 
 
 'Juan Garcia de la Ri [torn] [rubric] 
 ' Ju. De Vrribari [rubric] 
 
 'Juan Paez Hurtado [rubric] 
 
 "Ante mi [torn] " 
 
 1206 JUAN RUIZ CORDERO. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe, 1723. 
 
 1207 JOSE PABLO RAEL. Santa Fe. 
 
 Will. 1780. Also proceedings in the settlement of his 
 estate. Juan Bautista de Anza, Governor. 
 
 1208 PETITION of Half-breeds to settle at deserted Pu- 
 eblo of Sandia. 1733. 
 
 Denied. Gervasio Cruzat y Gongora, Governor. 
 
 Petition by certain Indians of different tribes, includ- 
 ing Jumanes, Apaches, Utes, Kiowas, and Pawnees, who 
 had abandoned their tribal relations and embraced the 
 Catholic religion, and who were living at various towns 
 and pueblos in New IMexico, asking that they be permitted 
 to make a settlement on the site of the then abandoned 
 pueblo of Sandia. 
 
 This petition was examined by Governor Cruzat y Gon- 
 gora on April 21, 1733, and he ordered the petitioners to 
 present to him a list of their names and the tribes to which 
 they belonged. This they did at once, and the governor, af- 
 ter ha\dng examined the same and considered their petition, 
 decided that their request could not be granted, but he 
 said that they might settle at the pueblos already estab- 
 lished, and if any one of them desired to accept that 
 offer he should appear before the governor in order that 
 a pueblo might be designated as his place of residence. 
 
 1209 IVIEMORANDA, 1844. 
 
 1210 HEIRS OF EUSEBIO RAEL, by their attorney, Juan 
 
 Gonzales, 1826. 
 
 Petition to build on land formerly in dispute with the 
 Indians of Sandia. Antonio Narbona, Governor.
 
 354 THE SPANISH AKCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Letter from Juan Gonzales to Governor Narbona, stat- 
 ing that the heirs of Eusebio Rael had represented to him 
 that they were left without either lands or houses, on ac- 
 count of having paid the debts owed by their father then 
 deceased, etc., and in view of the fact that a controversy 
 between them and the Indians of Sandia had been de- 
 cided in favor of said heirs, they asked permission to 
 build their house there and go to work to settle other 
 debts, etc. 
 
 This letter is dated June 10, 1826, and in the margin 
 thereof is a rough draft of the governor's reply, portions 
 of which are practically illegible. The purport of it, how- 
 ever, appears to be that the heirs of Rael could not build 
 on the land about which they had been disputing with 
 the Indians unless the latter voluntarily agreed to such 
 an arrangement. 
 
 1211 LUIS MARIA CABEZA de BACA. 1821. 
 
 His petition for lands referred to in an unsigned letter. 
 
 1212 ANDRES ORTEGA. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe, 1821. Manuel Baca, Sargento. 
 
 1213 JOSE JOAQUIN MONTOYA. 1821. 
 
 Letter to Governor Melgares in relation to the abandon- 
 ment of granted lands in the District of Xenies. 
 
 1214 OJO CALIENTE. 1840. 
 
 Discovery of mineral. 
 
 1215 ORDENANZA de INTENDENTES, 1793. 
 
 Pedro de Nava. His lettei' to Governor Fernando de la 
 Concha in relation to the provisional approval of action 
 in regard thereto. 
 
 1216 SANTIAGO ABREU, 1837. Cienega. Santa Fe. 
 
 1217 PEDRO ARMENDARIS, 1846. 
 
 Protests against the government granting to other per- 
 sons lands already granted to him. 
 
 Don Pedro Armendaris was a prominent citizen of 
 New Mexico, having been alcalde during a long period. 
 In 1820 he made application to the Spanish government 
 for a grant of land lying on the west bank of the Rio 
 Grande, opposite his ranch known as "Valverde." The 
 application was granted and the lands were allotted to 
 him ; several years later he was driven from the property
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 355 
 
 by the Navajos. Don Pedro left New Mexico and became 
 a citizen of Chihuahua. After the Treaty of Guadalupe 
 Hidalgo, Armendaris made a contract with two American 
 citizens, Hugh N. Smith and Thomas Biggs, whereby, for 
 services rendered in perfecting the title to his grants. 
 Smith and Biggs became the owners of four thousand 
 acres of the land grant, lying opposite the old Armendaris 
 ranch of Valverde — the present town-site of San Mar- 
 cial, in Socorro county. This grant was confirmed by Con- 
 gress in 1860, surveyed in 1877, and patented in 1878. 
 
 The grants contained 490,000 acres, a large portion of 
 which are situate on the west side of the Rio Grande. 
 
 Upon this property the government of the United States 
 is now constructing one of the largest dams and reservoirs 
 for irrigation purposes in the world, the Elephant Butte 
 project. The lands granted to Armendaris are now the 
 property of the Victorio Land and Cattle Company. 
 
 1218 JUAN MARTIN BUSTOS. Santa Cruz cle la Can- 
 ada, 1813. 
 
 Question of lands with the Madrids. 
 
 1219 FRANCISCO de JESUS de ESPEXO. Alburquerque. 
 
 Will. 1733. Also proceedings in the settlement of his es- 
 tate. Joseph Perez Mangos, Alcalde. 
 
 1220 MANUEL VIGIL. 
 
 Will. 8a7ita Fe, 1733. Antonio de Uribarri, Alcalde. 
 
 1221 SALVADOR MARTINEZ. 
 
 Petition. Alhurqucrque. 1736. Asks that property inher- 
 ited by his wife be delivered to her. Gervasio Cruzat y 
 Gongora, Governor. 
 
 1222 ANTONIO PACHECO. Santa Fe. 
 
 Will. No date. Antonio de Ulibarri, Alcalde. 
 
 1223 DIMAS XIRON de TEGEDA. Santa Fe. 
 
 Will. No date. Antonio de Ulibarri, Alcalde. 
 
 1224 PHELIPA de ROJAS. Santa Fe. 1736. 
 
 Inventory of her estate. Antonio de Ulibarri, Alcalde. 
 
 1225 JUAN GARCIA de NORIEGA. Santa Fe. 
 
 Will. No date. Antonio de Ulibarri. Alcalde.
 
 356 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 1226 JUANA DE ANAYA ALMAZAN. Santa Fe. 1736. 
 
 "Will. Juan ]\Ianuel Chirinos. JManuel Thenorio de Alva. 
 
 1227 MIGUEL de SANDOVAL MARTINEZ to Antonio 
 Truxillo. 
 
 Land at Pojoaque. 1733. Antonio de Ulibarri, Alcalde. 
 
 Deed, dated April 8, 1733, by Miguel de Sandoval 
 Martinez to Antonio Trujillo, for a ranch at Pojoaque. 
 
 The grantor states that he acquired the land from Car- 
 los Lopez and the latter 's mother, Ana de Tapia, who had 
 it by grant made by Governor Don Pedro Rodriguez 
 Cubero in the year 1701 ; that he does not attempt to sell 
 all the land described in the grant, because before they 
 sold to him they had sold a portion of the land to the 
 Indians of Pojoaque. 
 
 The part sold to the Indians is not described, but the 
 part conveyed by Sandoval to Trujillo had the following 
 boundaries: "On the east side a main ditch which sep- 
 arates the lands of the natives of said pueblo (Pojoaque), 
 on the west side the main road which goes to San Juan, 
 on the north side by the main ditch which crosses the 
 main road, on the south side by a small ditch, before 
 coming to the river, by which the Indians irrigate their 
 little gardens." 
 
 1228 ALPHONSO RAEL de AGUILAR to Juan Joseph 
 Moreno. 1733. 
 
 House and lands. Santa Fe. Antonio de Ulibarri, Al- 
 calde. 
 
 1229 FRANCISCO TRUXILLO to Juan Angel Gonzales. 
 Santa Fe, 1733. 
 
 House and lands. Antonio de Ulibarri, Alcalde. 
 
 1230 JUAN ROMERO. Banished. 1734. 
 
 1231 JOSEPH BACA. Alburquerqiie. 
 
 Will. 1766. Juan Xptobal Sanchez, Alcalde. Also pro- 
 ceedings before Pedro Fermin de Mendinueta in relation 
 to some sheep. 
 
 1232 SANTO DOMINGO. 
 
 Claim of Indians to lands adjoining Cochiti. 
 
 Letter of August 14, 1808, from Friar Antonio Cabal-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 357 
 
 lero, at the mission of Cochiti, to Don Alberto Maynez, 
 acting governor of New Mexico. 
 
 The friar says that the Indians of Santo Domingo, 
 whose mission is under his charge, came to him and asked 
 him to write to the governor for them, because they 
 could not explain themselves clearly; that they were ac- 
 quainted with the boundaries of their league ; that they 
 wanted the governor to know about a piece of land, on 
 the west side of the river (Rio Grande), which extended 
 as far as the old pueblo of Cochiti, and for which they 
 had paid 400 pesos ; that the old pueblo of Cochiti was at 
 a place where there was a medium sized hill called Los 
 Chicos, as the governor could see from the recitals in the 
 deed; that this was the land they asked for, and asked 
 for with reason, for they had bought it ; that the governor 
 would see from the instrument which they would show 
 to him who it was that had sold it to them; that the 
 writer made this lengthy explanation in order that the 
 governor might not have the trouble of trying to under- 
 stand the statements made by the Indians. 
 
 In a claim filed with the court of private land claims, 
 no record or evidence of which is to be found in the 
 archives, a grant of land was claimed to have been made 
 by the Spanish government on August 2, 1728, to a resi- 
 dent of Alburquerque, named Antonio Lucero ; this grant 
 or claim is known as the Canada de Cochiti. It was lo- 
 cated on the mesa of Cochiti, east of the center of the 
 county of Sandoval, and Lucero 's petition showed bound- 
 aries as follows: On the north by the old pueblo of Co- 
 chiti; on the east by the Del Norte river; on the south 
 by the lands of the natives of the pueblo ; on the west by 
 the Jemez mountains. The amount of land claimed under 
 this grant was 104,554 acres. The petition gave as the 
 northerly limit the old pueblo to which the Indians re- 
 treated during the uprising of 1680. The investigation 
 made by the officials of the department of justice in the 
 court of private land claims showed that the Indians al- 
 most unanimously agreed that their traditions were that 
 the retreat mentioned was made to a pueblo located much 
 farther south than that designated in the petition for 
 confirmation of the grant. The court of private land 
 claims, on February 16, 1898, confirmed the grant and 
 ordered the survey to be made, the north lioundary to be 
 located through the center of the old pueblo of Cochiti, 
 and the western boundary to follow the crest of the first 
 sierra of the Jemez mountains; the eastern boundary' was
 
 358 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 established at the Rio Grande, and the southern at the 
 northern line of the lands belonging to the Cochiti In- 
 dians. The area confirmed was 19,112.78. 
 
 1233 TOM AS RIBEROS (Viveros?). Santa Fe. 
 
 Will. 1843. Santiago Armijo, Alcalde. 
 
 1234 SAN FELIPE and SANTA ANA Pueblos. 1819. 
 
 Question of lands. Joseph IMariano de la Peiia, Alcalde. 
 
 Proceedings had in carrying into effect a decision of 
 the Royal Audiencia with regard to the sale of certain 
 lands by the pueblo of San Felipe to Spanish citizens, 
 said lands in fact not being the property of the vendors 
 but really belonging to the Indians of the pueblo of Santa 
 Ana. 
 
 On August 5, 1819, Don Jose Mariano de la Peiia, chief 
 alcalde of Alburquerque, who had been appointed by 
 Acting Governor Facundo Melgares to carry out the de- 
 cision of the Royal Audiencia, called together the people 
 of San Felipe and the citizens to whom they had sold the 
 lands, and explained to the Indians that they must make 
 good to the citizens the sales which they had improperly 
 made to them of lands which had been decided to belong 
 to Santa Ana. 
 
 The Indians decided that to Juan Domingo Archiveque, 
 Juan Pablo Archiveque, Francisco Gutierrez, Jose Garcia, 
 Alonso Garcia, and Bias Chavez, they would give lands 
 which they owned by purchase at Algodones, the pur- 
 chasers being satisfied with this arrangement. 
 
 The value of the lands purchased from the Indians by 
 Don Juan Bautista Gonzales amounted to 2,434 pesos, ac- 
 cording to the values recognized at that time. The In- 
 dians Avere willing to make this good, but they objected 
 to giving that amount of land, although they had unim- 
 proved lands which they had purchased on the west side 
 of the river. Both the alcalde and the protector of In- 
 dians, Don Ignacio ]\Iaria Sanchez y Vergara, tried to 
 persuade them that it would be better to give the lands 
 than to pay money, and left them to think over the matter, 
 thus concluding the proceedings for that day. 
 
 On August 7, 1819, Peiia again took up the matter and 
 proceeded to the lands which the Indians were to give to 
 the citizens in place of those which they had formerly 
 sold to them. He then measured to each purchaser what 
 belonged to him according to the recitals of his deed. In 
 connection with this feature of the case Pena makes the
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 359 
 
 following statement : ' ' and as all purchased uncultivated 
 land and now they delivered it cultivated, for the im- 
 provements of them there was assigned respectively to 
 each one the fourth part for his purchase, and both in- 
 terested parties remained satisfied," etc. If my transla- 
 tion of this statement is not very clear, it is at least as 
 clear as the original, the meaning of which in many places 
 is very obscure. 
 
 The next proceeding is dated August 12, 1819. Peila 
 states that the governor of San Felipe and one of the 
 principal men being present, they agreed to give to Juan 
 Bautista Gonzales some of the land which the pueblo 
 owned by purchase on the west side of the river, at a 
 place called Las Lemitas ; that he then went to said place 
 and measured from the boundary of the community of 
 Santa Ana toward the north 1,000 varas; that at this 
 point Gonzales and the governor of the pueblo got into a 
 dispute over several points on which they could not agree, 
 so the matter was left in that condition and the parties 
 went home. 
 
 On August 13, 1819, Peiia ordered the San Felipe peo- 
 ple to present to him the deed of purchase of the land 
 which had been in dispute. He states that the document 
 was from the year 1753, and acknowledged before Don 
 Tomas Velez Cachupin, and that the boundarj^ which it cites 
 is the old Angostura on the south, and the boundary of the 
 pueblo of San Felipe on the north, the edge of the river on 
 the west, and the hills on the east. 
 
 Peiia comes to the conclusion that these boundaries, 
 taken in connection with other matters within his knowl- 
 edge, show that he was correct in the decision he had 
 made in the month of May when he reported to the Royal 
 Audiencia of the district that the land in question did not 
 belong to San Felipe, but to Santa Ana. He adds that 
 perhaps the mistake made by the San Felipe people in 
 selling the land was made through ignorance. Finally he 
 transmits the proceedings to Governor INIelgares for the 
 decision of that officer. 
 
 The style of composition of this man Peiia is such as 
 to make it very difficult in many instances to understand 
 what he meant, and practically impossible to make an in- 
 telligible translation of much that he said. 
 
 1235 JOSE ORTEGA. Santa Fe. 
 
 Will. 1825. Francisco Garcia, Cabo.
 
 360 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 1236 GALISTEO. 
 
 Petition in regard to the construction of a reservoir. 1840. 
 
 1237 MARIA ROSALIA DURAN de ARMIJO. Santa Fe. 
 
 Will. 1768. Phelipe Tafoya, Alcalde. 
 
 1238 No value. 
 
 Relative to the money known as Pesos de la Tierra, which 
 the writer says is an imaginary money? 
 
 1239 No value. 
 
 1240 No value. 
 
 1241 MATEO GARCIA. 1833. 
 
 Report of committee on his petition for land at Ahiquiu. 
 Suspended because land was in litigation. 
 
 1242 No value. 
 
 1243 TRANSMITTAL of Cases of Indians of CocUtl The 
 
 Ortizes and Indians of Santo Domingo vs. Luis Baca. 
 
 To the Royal Audience at Guadalajara. 1817. 
 
 Rough draft of a letter, dated December 17, 1817, prob- 
 ably by Pedro Maria de Allande, to the attorney, Don 
 Bias Abidiano y Tassol, in the City of Mexico, stating 
 that all the documents in a formal expediente, then ex- 
 isting in the government archives, and relating to the 
 Cile (Sile?) ranch, which was in litigation between the 
 Indians of Cochiti and the Ortizes, and the Indians of 
 Santo Domingo with Don Luis Baca, had been sent to 
 the Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara on May 31, 1817, be- 
 cause of their having been requested in a letter, Janu- 
 ary 31. 
 
 1244 ANTONIO ARMIJO and 70 Families. 
 
 Draft of title to lands at junction of the rivers Sapello, 
 Mora, and Coyote, in Mora county, 1837. Not signed. 
 Grantees not designated. 
 
 1245 INDIANS OF XEMES vs. RAFAEL GARCIA, 1833. 
 
 Question of boundaries. Salvador Montoya, Alcalde. 
 
 Letter of April 18, 1833, from the alcalde, Salvador 
 Montoya, to the jefe politico, asking for instructions in 
 regard to measuring the league of the pueblo of Jemez. 
 
 It appears that the alcalde had already made a measure-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 361 
 
 ment at the request of Rafael Garcia, beginning at the 
 church in the pueblo, and measuring the league with a 
 hair rope 50 varas in length. This resulted in the measure- 
 ment of the league extending over into lands of Garcia 
 about one hundred varas. Thereupon the rope with which 
 the line had been measured was again tested, and it was 
 discovered that it had stretched almost a vara, so the 
 parties agreed that 50 varas of the overlap of 100 should 
 be allowed to Garcia. 
 
 Subsequently some question arose between the alcalde 
 and the parties in regard to the payment of the former's 
 fees, and also between Garcia and the Indians as to the 
 proper manner of making the measurement. Garcia was 
 not satisfied, and wanted the distance of 5,000 varas 
 measured anew with poles instead of a rope. The In- 
 dians insisted that as they were settled there prior to 
 Garcia, the land should be measured with a rope, as it 
 had been when it was first given to them, and that the 
 measurement should begin from their first church instead 
 of the one in existence at the time of the controversy. 
 
 Apparently the contending parties made a good deal 
 of trouble for the alcalde, and he sought the advice of 
 the governor, not only in regard to the proper manner of 
 making the measurement of the league, but also as to his 
 fees in the matter. But he did not get much consolation 
 from that officer. On the back of the letter to the gov- 
 ernor is a rough draft of his reply, dated April 23, 1833. 
 He tells the alcalde that it is not the governor's business 
 to resolve doubts that may arise in the minds of the al- 
 caldes with respect to the administration of justice, and 
 that the alcalde had better consult an attorney ; that with 
 respect to his fees he should be governed by the schedule 
 of fees in force in his district, or in lack of the latter, to 
 the well established custom in such matters, provided it 
 was not in conflict with the laws. 
 
 1246 DOMINGO SANCHES. Santa Fe. 1825. 
 
 Will. Francisco Garcia, Sargento. 
 
 1247 DOMINGO SAENZ. Santa Fe. 1827. 
 
 Will. Francisco Garcia, Sargento. 
 
 1248 TAOS VALLEY, 1753. 
 
 Order to fence lands to avoid trouble with Indians. Tomas 
 Velez Cachupin, Governor.
 
 362 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 1249 MARIA de la LUZ XARAMILLO. 
 
 Will. Santa Fe, 1825. Jose de Laraiiaga, Cabo. 
 
 1250 PRIVILEGES of DESCENDANTS of CONQUER- 
 ORS, 1694. 
 
 El Conde de Galve. 
 
 1251 CIENEGA of Santa Fe. 1705. 1717. 
 
 Francisco Cuerbo y Valdes, Governor. Juan Paez Hur- 
 tado, Governor. 
 
 Proclamation prohibiting the pasture of animals in the 
 cienega at Santa Fe, March 27, 1717, by Captain Gen- 
 eral Juan Paez Hurtado ; signed also by Miguel Thenorio 
 de Alba. 
 
 Another proclamation by Don Francisco Cuervo y 
 Valdez, governor and captain-general; same prohibition; 
 April 25, 1705 ; a violation of the order was penalized by 
 ''un mez de carceV and the second by two months guard- 
 ing the horseherd of the royal garrison. This order has 
 a fine signature of Governor Cuervo y Valdez and also of 
 Captain Alonso Rael de Aguilar. 
 
 1252 TITLES to Granted Lands. Notice to all persons to 
 present. Santa Fe, 1707. 
 
 El Marques de la Penuela. 
 
 1253 FRANCISCA ANTONIA de GUIJOSA. 1715-1716. 
 
 Piece of paper belonging to her land grant papers. Re- 
 ported Claim No. 109, q. v. 
 
 1254 BALTAZAR ROMERO to Alejo Gutierrez. Santa 
 
 Fe, 1715. 
 
 House and land. Order to give grantee testimonio. Pedro 
 de Villasur, Lieutenant-Governor. 
 
 1255 CIENEGA of Santa Fe. 1720. 
 
 Pedro de Villasur, Lieutenant-Governor. Fine signature. 
 April 12, 1720. 
 
 1256 FRANCISCO de MASCAREnAS and Brothers vs. 
 Juan Rodriguez. 
 
 Question of a small tract of land in Santa Fe. 1737. En- 
 rique de Ola vide y iNIichelena, Governor. Manuel Sainz 
 de Garvisu. Pedro Joseph de Leon.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 363 
 
 1257 NEW MEXICO and NEW BISCAY. 1745. Bound- 
 aries. 
 
 Joachin Codallos y Rabal, Governor. 
 
 1258 INVENTORY of Documents in the government arch- 
 ives delivered by Joachin Codallos y Rabal to Tomas 
 Velez Cachupin, his successor, 1749. 
 
 1259 MINING REGULATIONS. 1777. Comandante Gen- 
 eral de las Provincias Internas del N. E. Cahallero de 
 la Croix. This officer was the first to hold this office. 
 
 1260 EL CABALLERO de CROIX. 1780. 
 
 Letter to Juan Bautista de Anza, Governor. 
 
 1261 RECORD of Brands and Land Grants, made appar- 
 ently by order of Juan Bautista de Anza, Governor. 
 Signed by him. Santa Fe, 1787. 
 
 The land grants are as follows: 
 
 Domingo Romero, Manuel Ortiz, Miguel Ortiz, 1782. 
 The Mesita de Juana Lopez. Juan Bautista de Anza, 
 Governor. 
 
 This grant was surveyed in 1876 and confirmed by con- 
 gress January 28, 1879. There was a conflict with the 
 grant to the pueblo of Santo Domingo and a conflict with 
 the Ortiz Mine Grant. The conflict with the Santo Do- 
 mingo was a strip six miles long and nearly a mile in width 
 of the eastern end of the Pueblo Grant. The confirmation 
 confirms the title to all included within the survey of 
 1876. In 1907 a new survey of the Pueblo Grant was 
 made and resulted in greatly increasing the conflict with 
 the Mesita de Juana Lopez, the conflict under the last 
 survey being about 20,000 acres. The fact that the Pu- 
 eblo Grant had been patented seems to have made no dif- 
 ference in the making of the order for the new survey. 
 The Juana Lopez has not been patented, but that, under 
 the wording of the act of confirmation, is considered un- 
 necessary. 
 
 Sabinal. Order that the new settlers be put in posses- 
 sion. 1782. Juan Bautista de Anza, Governor. 
 
 Jose Apodaca, Diego Gonzales, Pablo Anaya. Lands 
 at Alburquerqiie. 1782. Juan Bautista de Anza, Govern- 
 or. 
 
 Mateo Roibal. 1782. Grant of lands at Jacona, for-
 
 364 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 merly granted to Ignacio Roibal in 1702, by Pedro Rod- 
 riguez Ciibero, Governor. Juan Bautista de Anza, Gov- 
 ernor. 
 
 This land was at the pueblo of Jaeona (Tewa) aban- 
 doned in 1696. Ignacio Roibal was one of the soldiers 
 under General De Vargas, with the rank of ensign; his 
 wife was Francisca Gomez; a portion of the site of the 
 old pueblo and its lands had already been granted to 
 Captain Jacinto Pelaes, when Ignacio Roibal petitioned 
 for the remainder. Roibal was a man of some means, as 
 he stated to the governor that he had sufficient live stock 
 to use the entire property for grazing purposes ; the prop- 
 erty was bounded on the east by the lands of Juan de 
 Mestas and lands of Oyu (formerly of Francisco Anaya 
 de Almazan) ; on the north by the road which leads to the 
 new village of Jaeona and some bluffs above said road; 
 on the west by a caiiada, which comes down by a house 
 built by Matias Madrid and some red bluffs near the small 
 mesa of San Yldefonzo; and on the south by the forest 
 between this village and Jaeona. The property was given 
 to him October 2, 1702, by the castellan, Pedro Rod- 
 riguez Cubero. at the time governor and captain-general. 
 At this time Captain Pelaez was dead and his son had in- 
 herited the tract given to the captain. The place has been 
 occupied by the descendants of the original grantee ever 
 since and is now known as "Los Roibales. " 
 
 Roque Lovato. Grant. Lands at Santa Fe. 1785. Juan 
 Bautista de Anza, Governor. 
 
 This grant had for its boundaries, on the north the top 
 of the dividing line or ridge between Santa Fe and 
 Tesuque ; on the south the road running along the foot of 
 the hills eastward from the "Muralla" in Santa Fe; on 
 the east some black hills, and on the west the road from 
 Santa Fe to Rio Arriba. 
 
 Roque Lobato was an armorer in the royal garrison of 
 Santa Fe ; the grant was made September 23, 1785, by 
 Juan Bautista de Anza, governor and captain-general, 
 and possession was given by Jose Maldonado. At this 
 time Jose Miguel de la Peila was chief alcalde and war- 
 captain of the Villa of Santa Fe and its jurisdiction. 
 Roque Lobato died the same year and his widow, Josefa 
 Armijo, on account of a debt of $450.00, created by her 
 late husband "at the house of Jose Ortiz," for the pay- 
 ment of which her husband had sold the property to a 
 soldier named Jose Ribera, deeded the property to Ri- 
 bera.
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 365 
 
 The "IMuralla" was an old rampart or fort on the out- 
 skirts of the City of Santa Fe, in the direction of Tesuque. 
 This property belonged to Don Gaspar Ortiz in 1851. 
 
 Lorenzo Marques. Grant. 1785. Lands at the Canada 
 de los Alamos. Juan Bautista de Anza, Governor. 
 
 Bartolome Marquez and Francisco Padilla received a 
 grant of land near the city of Santa Fe from Don Gaspar 
 Domingo de Mendoza in 1742. It contains about 1,300 
 acres and is described : "On the east the Arroyo of Tierra 
 Blanca ; on the west the road leading to Pecos ; where the 
 lands of Cayetano, squadron corporal, adjoin; on the 
 south the Arroyo Chamizos; and on the north the high 
 hills, the boundary of the lands of Captain Antonio Mon- 
 toya, deceased." 
 
 A grant was made to Lorenzo Marquez in 1785, by 
 Don Juan Bautista de Anza; the land covered a "surplus 
 to the lands of Captain Sebastian De Vargas; on the 
 south and west it adjoined the little valley called La 
 Canada de La Tierra ; on the east the Pecos road going to 
 the ranchos of La Cienega." Possession was given by Don 
 Antonio Jose Ortiz, senior alcalde of Santa Fe, in the 
 presence of Diego Montoya, Gabriel Ortiz, and Antonio 
 Lujan and the "only adjoining settler," Jose Maria Mon- 
 toya. This property was sold by the heirs of Marquez to 
 Simon Delgado, Pablo Delgado, Fernando Delgado, and 
 Felipe Delgado, on June 20, 1856. 
 
 Antonio de Armenta. Grant. 1786. Salvador Antonio 
 Sandoval. Lands between the pueblos of Zia and Xemes. 
 Town of San Isidro Grant. Juan Bautista de Anza, gov- 
 ernor. 
 
 The Town of San Isidro Grant lies between the Jemez 
 and Zia Grants. The records of the surveyor-general do 
 not show that any patent has ever been issued for this 
 property. 
 
 Wlienever a grant was applied for. the tract being ad- 
 jacent to any of the lands belonging to the pueblos, in 
 nearly every instance the "league" of the pueblos is re- 
 ferred to and the consent of the pueblos seems to have 
 been secured before the making of a grant or the putting 
 in possession of the applicant. This clearly appears in 
 the grant to the original settlers of San Isidro de Los 
 Dolores, in the act of possession and in the petition itself. 
 The act of possession is as follows: 
 
 "At this point of San Isidro de Los Dolores, on the 16th 
 day of the month of IMay, in the year one thousand seven 
 hundred and eighty-six, I, Don Antonio Nerio IMontoya,
 
 366 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 senior justice and war-captain of the jurisdiction of San 
 Carlos de la Alameda, by virtue of the commission con- 
 ferred upon me by Don Juan Bautista de Anza, colonel of 
 cavalry of the royal armies of His Majesty, political and 
 military governor of this Province of New Mexico, being 
 at the aforementioned place, having summoned the natives 
 of the Pueblos of San Diego de Jemez and Cia, who are 
 adjacent residents, and having measured the league be- 
 longing to them, with two hundred and sixty-two varas 
 more, w^ith which they expressed themselves satisfied ; some 
 of the Indians having planted some small patches and not 
 to offend them, I allowed them to retain possession of 
 them, with your Excellency's permission. I also pro- 
 ceeded to the Pueblo of Cia and measured the league be- 
 longing to that pueblo, with the further amount of one 
 thousand six hundred and thirty-two varas which the In- 
 dians purchased from Juan Galvan, as shown by the title 
 deeds of said purchase, and the aforementioned lands I 
 assigned and added thereto one thousand varas more, the 
 Indians having asked me for it, and the said Indians hav- 
 ing shown to me a sale made by the late Miguel Montoya, 
 which boundaries are in a caiion commonly called El Rito 
 Salado ; that this canon is the pasture ground and summer 
 range of their cattle; the boundaries for which land are 
 the same called for in the title-deed; on the north a red 
 hill; on the south a white table-land, and on the east the 
 Jemez river itself; and having informed myself of the 
 contents of the two deeds, and having found in them only 
 what has been above stated, I gave the two pueblos to un- 
 derstand what belonged to each of them — that of Cia 
 what they had acquired by purchase, and that of Jemez 
 what had been granted to them by His Majesty; and be- 
 lieving that neither of the two Pueblos was entitled to 
 the piece of ground which is unoccupied, and it being the 
 intention of our sovereign that his lands shall be settled 
 upon by his subjects wherever there may be any surplus, 
 and finding no impediment, and by virtue of the commis- 
 sion which I hold from His Excellency, I proceeded to the 
 land lying between the two Pueblos, which, upon being 
 measured, was found to contain two thousand nine hun- 
 dred varas, and no person appearing who claimed a better 
 right, both Pueblos being present, as well as the Senior 
 Justice, Antonio de Armenta, and the militia sergeant, 
 Salvador Antonio Sandoval, and being informed of all the 
 circumstances, I took them by the hand, walked with them 
 over the land, they pulled grass, threw stones toward the
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 367 
 
 four winds of heaven, and we all exclaimed three times, 
 "Long life to the King, Our Sovereign," (whom may God 
 preserve), in proof of legal possession which I gave them, 
 and they received quietly and peacefully, without any op- 
 position; the boundaries whereof are as follows: on the 
 north the lands of Jemez; on the south the lands of the 
 Pueblo of Zia; on the west the mountain of the Espiritu 
 Santo Spring, at the place commonly called Los Bancos; 
 on the east the lands of the aforementioned senior justice, 
 Antonio Nerio Montoya, which is the road leading from 
 Cochiti to Jemez. And having assigned their boundaries, 
 and no injury resulting thereby, and being satisfied with 
 them, I directed them to erect permanent boundaries; 
 and in order that it may so appear, I, Antonio Nerio Mon- 
 toya, as conunissioner and senior justice, at the same 
 time, signed with two attending witnesses, with whom I 
 act in the a])sence of a royal or public notary, there be- 
 ing none in this Kingdom; to which I certify. 
 
 "Nerio Antonio Montoya 
 Witnesses: Toribio Gonzales, Salvador Lopez." 
 
 < ( 
 
 1262 SOLDIERS' QUARTERS at Santa Fe, 1788, 1790, 
 1791. 
 
 1263 PEDRO DE NAVA. October 22, 1791. 
 
 Decision that notwithstanding the provisions of Article 
 81 of the Ordinances of Intendentes, Captains of Presidios 
 may grant lots and other lands within the four leagues 
 belonging to each presidio. 
 
 On October 22, 1791, Don Pedro de Nava, then com- 
 mandant-general of the Provincias Internas, with the ap- 
 proval of the viceroy, promulgated at Chihuahua what 
 is known as the "Order of Pedro de Nava." This order 
 made provision for the allotment of lands by the captains 
 and commandants of presidios within the presidial juris- 
 diction. 
 
 This order of de Nava was revoked on January 19, 1793, 
 because in violation of Article 81 of the "Ordinance of 
 Intendants, " which gave those officers exclusive jurisdic- 
 tion over the sale, allotment, and composition of crown 
 lands in the provinces under their jurisdiction. This or- 
 der of revocation is as follows : 
 
 "In the Superior Board of the Royal Treasury His Ex- 
 cellency, the Viceroy, approved provisionally the course 
 you took on the 22nd of October, 1791, and which I com- 
 municated to you on the same date, that, notwithstand-
 
 368 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 ing the provisions of Article 81 of the Royal Ordinance 
 of Intendants, the captains and commandants of presidios 
 should continue selling lots and lands to the soldiers and 
 residents who applied for them in order to establish 
 themselves under their protection, limiting this power to 
 the area of four common leagues, measured from the cen- 
 ter of the plaza of each one. tw^o to each wind; but to the 
 end that the permanent ruling that is to be observed in 
 the matter may be made in said Superior Board, I was in- 
 structed to confer with said Captains and Commandants 
 on the consultation that furnished the occasion for making 
 that declaration. It was restricted substantially, under 
 the provisions of Articles 7, 81, and 306, of said Ordinance 
 of Intendants, to the order to the Captains and Command- 
 ants to suspend the apportionment of lands which they 
 were making under Article I, title II, of the regulations 
 of Presidios; since those articles give to said intendants 
 in the whole territory of their several provinces, exclusive 
 cognizance of the transactions that occur in the matter, 
 such as are the sales, compositions and apportionments of 
 crown and vacant lands ; and on the contrary, the treasury 
 would be deprived of the fees that belong to it. 
 
 "Afterwards, there was brought before His Excellency, 
 the Viceroy, the point that said articles of the Ordinance 
 of Intendants conferred on those who filled those offices 
 absolute political jurisdiction even in the settlements bor- 
 dering upon the enemy ; the opinion being that it was pre- 
 judicial for the Captains and Commandants of Presidios 
 to exercise it with prohibition and without the cognizance 
 of the governors-intendants, and that it was less so, for the 
 powder to sell and apportion lands to belong exclusively 
 to them. 
 
 "The first was based on the belief that the residents 
 would be better governed by the judges whom the In- 
 tendant would appoint, they would have less distant, the 
 appeal to the latter than the commandancy general in 
 their complaints and grievances, it would cause them no 
 expense to bring their suits, nor would they suffer the 
 vexation and annoyances the military and civil head of- 
 ficials cause them, by proceeding despotically and arbi- 
 trarily in their decisions; so that they saw themselves 
 obliged not a few times to abandon their establishments, 
 or they made them leave them by inflicting banishment 
 upon them without hearing them, besides, also, it would 
 better facilitate the storing of grain, which the troops 
 need, inasmuch, as the Intendant would attend to encour-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 369 
 
 aging it among the frontier residents with greater energy 
 than could the captains and commandants; and the sec- 
 ond, in that the royal treasury is prejudiced, his Majesty 
 failing to receive the composition fees for the lands that 
 are apportioned in the four jurisdictional leagues of the 
 Presidios. 
 
 ' ' In order to comply with the resolution of the Superior 
 Board, you will immediately circulate this order to the 
 Captains and Commandants of Presidios in that Province, 
 to the end that they may report without delay through 
 you (and you will do the same with regard to that of 
 Loreto which is under your charge), whatever occurs and 
 appears to them, together with an individual notice of the 
 settlements contained in the four leagues assigned to each 
 one as its area ; and another of the residents and settlers 
 therein, with a statement of the number of persons of 
 both sexes that compose them, besides the troops. 
 
 "God preserve you many years. 
 
 "Pedro de Nava [rubric] 
 
 "Chihuahua, January 19, 1793." 
 
 Under and by virtue of the Ordinance of Intendants of 
 December 4, 1786, New Spain, with the exception of the 
 Californias, was divided into twelve Intendancies, as fol- 
 lows: Mexico, Puebla, Guadalajara, Oaxaca, Guanajuato, 
 Merida de Yucatan, Valla dolid, San Luis Potosi, Durango, 
 Vera Cruz, Zacatecas, and Sonora and Sinaloa (Arispe). 
 
 Each of the foregoing political divisions was entrusted 
 to an officer under the name of intendant, who had juris- 
 diction in the four departments of justice, police, treasury, 
 and war, but the intendants of Sonora and Sinaloa 
 (Arispe) and Durango, in matters of justice and police, 
 were subordinate to the commandants general of their 
 provinces, and the other ten to the viceroy, and all of 
 them to the Territorial Audiencias. 
 
 There was also to be an intendancy general of the army 
 in the City of Mexico, and the intendant general was the 
 delegate in Mexico of the superintendency general of the 
 royal treasury of the Indies. 
 
 A superior board of the treasury, to reside in the City of 
 Mexico, was also created and the intendant general was its 
 president. 
 
 Under Article 81 of the Ordinance of Intendants, these 
 officers were empowered to make sales and compositions 
 of the crown lands of their several provinces. The orig- 
 inal proceedings had by them were to be forwarded to the
 
 370 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 superior board of the treasury for approval. The in- 
 tendants issued the titles upon such approval and these 
 were again forwarded to the iDoard of confirmation. 
 
 1264 MARIA ANTONIA LUCERO. 1791. 
 
 Letter of Francisco Xavier Bernal to Fernando de la 
 Concha in relation to her unwarranted claim to certain 
 lands. 
 
 1265 NEW SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 Copy of instructions for the formation and management 
 of the same. 1800. Certified by Manuel Merino. 21 
 pages. Perfect copy. Very legible. 
 
 1266 CEVILLETA. 1800. 
 
 Draft of letter of the Governor of New Mexico to Don 
 Pedro de Nava. 
 
 1267 COLONISTS from Louisiana. 1806. 
 
 Letter of Nemesio Salcedo in regard to. 
 
 1268 XEMES. Juan de Abrego, 1806. 
 
 Settlements at Xenies. Letter to the Governor. 
 
 1269 VALLECITO — Grantees of: 1808. 
 
 Two letters of Ignacio Sanchez de Vergara, in one of 
 which the Vallecito is mentioned. 
 
 1270 LANDS held by purchase, grant, inheritance, etc. 
 
 1809. 
 
 Draft of a letter of the Governor of New Mexico to Ne- 
 mesio Salcedo, acknowledging the receipt of a letter in- 
 forming him that the time designated for the re-settle- 
 ment of such had expired and no one should be permitted 
 to use them without notice to the authorities. 
 
 1271 FRANCISCO ORTIZ. 1809. 
 
 Draft of a letter of the Governor of New Mexico to Ne- 
 mesio Salcedo in regard to tract of land asked for by said 
 Ortiz. Also giving account of the custom that had for- 
 merly obtained in New INIexieo in the manner of making 
 grants. No. 1081, q. v. 
 
 1272 RESIDENCE of the Governor, Santa Fe. 1810. 
 
 Describes the bad condition of the palace in 1810, which 
 had been the residence of the governors.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 371 
 
 1273 SAME subject. 
 
 Salcedo writes to the Governor of New Mexico about the 
 condition of the palace. 
 
 1274 CINNABAR MINES in Neiv Mexico, 1810. Not 
 known. 
 
 1275 RANCHOS de ALBURQUERQUE. 1811. Jose An- 
 tonio Cbaves. 
 
 Objections to the opening of a road through his land. 
 
 Los Ranchos or Helena Gallegos Grant, R. No. 156. 
 
 This property is known as the Ranchos de Alburquerque 
 Grant. Two suits were filed in the court of private land 
 claims which were consolidated for the purposes of the 
 hearing; the grant was confirmed and later surveyed for 
 35,000 acres. The northern line of this grant touches the 
 southeast corner of the Sandia Grant. It was patented 
 February 25, 1909. 
 
 1276 JOAQUIN CASTILLO. 1812. 
 
 Question of certain lands in the Belen Grant which he had 
 purchased. Jose Antonio Chaves, ex-Alcalde. 
 
 1277 LA MAJADA Tract. 1813. 
 
 Complaint against Miguel Ortiz. 
 
 1278 DOMINGO CHAVES. 1813-1820. Ranclio de Per- 
 
 alta. 
 
 Question of partition. Manuel Ruvi de Celis, Alcalde. 
 Bartolome Baca ; Facundo Melgares, Governor ; Francisco 
 Sarracino; Francisco Xavier Chaves; Manuel Aragon. 
 
 1279 INDIANS OF SANTA CLARA vs. Indians Cmi- 
 
 juebes, 1815. 
 
 Question of lands. Miguel Lopez, Alcalde. 
 
 Letter of November 11, 1815, from Miguel Lopez, al- 
 calde of Santa Cruz, to the acting governor of New Mex- 
 ico (probably, at that time, Alberto Maynez), stating the 
 opinion of the alcalde as to the merits of a controversy 
 between the Indians of the pueblo of Santa Clara and 
 certain individuals of the tribe, named Caiijuehes, who 
 had abandoned their tribal relations and become Spanish 
 citizens, but who still claimed lands within the pueblo 
 grant. Apparently this controversy had been passed on 
 by the acting governor and had at last reached the com- 
 mandant general at Durango.
 
 372 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Evidently the alcalde strongly favored the contention 
 of the Canjuebes, and he pretty strongly intimates that 
 the governor had overlooked the justice of their side of 
 the case. 
 
 The rough draft of the governor's reply immediately 
 follows the alcalde's letter. It is a scathing rebuke of the 
 latter 's interference in a matter which did not concern 
 him. The governor remarks, however, that he is not sur- 
 prised at it, as the alcalde 's ignorance is notorious. 
 
 1280 BERNARDO BONA VIA. 1815. 
 
 Letter in regard to the question raised in No. 1279. 
 
 Letter of December 27, 1815, by Bernardo Bonavia, 
 commandant general at Durango, to the acting governor 
 of New Mexico, approving his decision in the matter of 
 the controversy between the pueblo of Santa Clara and 
 certain individuals of that town who had abandoned their 
 tribal relations, but still desired to hold land within the 
 pueblo grant. This is the same controversy referred to in 
 archivel279. 
 
 Bonavia directs the acting governor to give the Can- 
 juebes to understand that if they want to hold the lands 
 in dispute, they must go back and become part of the pu- 
 eblo community, but if they want to retain their Spanish 
 citizenship they must buy the lands they need elsewhere, 
 as do other citizens of the Province. 
 
 1281 LOS QUELITES. 1817. Juan Jose Chaves and 
 
 others. 
 
 Petition for the said tract. Refused and recommended to 
 go to Socorro. Allande, Governor. Josef IMariano de la 
 Pena, Alcalde. Jose Gabriel Sanchez. 
 
 1282 MILITARY MATTER, 1819. 
 
 1283 LUIS MARIA CABEZA de BACA. 1819. 
 
 Costs in Royal Audiencia at Guadalajara in the matter of 
 the sale of certain ranchos to the Indians of San Buena- 
 ventura de Cochiti. Rafael Cuentas. 
 
 Detailed statement of costs incurred in the Royal Audi- 
 encia at Guadalajara by Don Luis Cabeza de Baca in a 
 suit had with the Indians of Cochiti in relation to the sale 
 of some ranches. 
 
 1284 LETTERS (2) of June 19, 1820, by Governor Fa- 
 cundo Melgares, one to Alejo Garcia Conde, Com-
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 373 
 
 mandant General, the other to the Royal Audiencia 
 
 of Guadalajara. 
 
 In relation to certain costs due the employes of that tri- 
 bunal by Don Luis Maria Cabeza de Baca. 
 
 These costs were incurred in the suit with the Cochiti 
 Indians referred to in archive 1283. 
 
 The governor says that cash was so scarce that Baca 
 had been unable to raise the amount of the costs in money 
 (192 pesos 7 reales) and consequently had turned over to 
 the soldiers of the company at Santa Fe eight mules, 
 which the governor asks the commandant general to charge 
 to the company, paying to the Royal Audiencia the costs 
 in question. 
 
 1285 CEBOLLETA. 1821. 
 
 Disposition of land in said settlement which had belonged 
 to Salvador Chaves. It was given to Juan Bautista Chaves 
 by Jose Manuel Aragon, Alcalde. Mariano Sanchez Ver- 
 gara, Alcalde. 
 
 1286 JOSE MARIA ALARID. 1821. 
 
 Petition for land at Las Nutrias, Valencia county. Not 
 granted. Juan Cruz Baca, Alcalde. Facundo Melgares, 
 Governor. 
 
 1287 LUIS MARIA CABEZA de BACA. 1821. 
 
 In the matter of a grant of land asked for by him. De- 
 cision of the Deputation of Duravgo giving him the tract 
 called Las Vegas Grandes. Diego Garcia Conde. Miguel 
 de Zubiria. 
 
 The early history of the Las Vegas Grant is given in a 
 report of Surveyor-General William Pelham. before whom 
 the grant came for consideration in 1858, and who found, 
 at the time, that there were two claimants to the land, one 
 the heirs of Luis ]\Iaria Cabeza de Baca and the other the 
 Town of Las Vegas. 
 
 On January 16, 1821, Luis Maria Cabeza de Baca, in 
 his own name and that of seventeen male children, peti- 
 tioned the Provincial Deputation of the State of Durango, 
 under whose jurisdiction, he avers, the Province of New 
 Mexico then was, for a tract of public land suitable for 
 cultivation and pasture, called the Vegas Grandes, on the 
 Gallinas river, in the jurisdiction of El Bado. In this 
 petition he states that a like petition had been made to 
 the authorities of the Province of New Mexico, and that, 
 by a decree of the 18th of February, 1820, the land was
 
 374 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 granted to him and to eight other persons, but as these 
 persons already possessed land elsewhere they took no in- 
 terest in its cultivation, and prays that the grant be made 
 to himself and his aforementioned children, with the fol- 
 lowing boundaries, to-wut: 
 
 On the north, the Sapello river; on the south the bound- 
 ary of El Bado; on {jae west the summit of the Pecos 
 mountain ; on the east the Aguage de la Yegua and the 
 boundary of Don Antonio Ortiz. 
 
 Governor Bartolome Baca, on October 17, 1823, holding 
 the title of political chief, directed the alcalde of El Bado 
 to place Luis Maria Cabeza de Baca in possession of the 
 land called for in his petition, as the eight individuals 
 "who accompanied him in his first petition had placed no 
 improvements on the land, and the alcalde was required to 
 certify at the foot of the order the proceedings had by 
 him in the premises. 
 
 The claim of the Town of Las Vegas was based upon the 
 following proceedings : 
 
 On March 20, 1836, Juan de Dios ]\Iaese, Miguel Archu- 
 leta, Manuel Duran and Jose Antonio Casados, for them- 
 selves and in the name of twenty-five others, petitioned 
 the ayuntamiento of El Bado for a tract of land for 
 cultivation and pasture, situated in the county of El 
 Bado and bounded as follows : on the north by the Sapello 
 river ; on the south by the boundary of the grant to Don 
 Antonio Ortiz; on the east by the Aguage de la Yegua; 
 and on the west by the boundary of the town of El Bado. 
 
 On the same day the ayuntamiento of El Bado sent the 
 petition to the Territorial Deputation with the recommend- 
 ation that the petition be granted. 
 
 On March 23, 1835, the grant was made by the Terri- 
 torial Deputation with the boundaries asked for, with the 
 further provision that persons who owned no lands were 
 to be alloAved the same privileges of settling upon the 
 grant as those who petitioned for it. 
 
 On March 24, 1835, Francisco Sarracino, acting gov- 
 ernor and political chief, directed the constitutional al- 
 calde of El Bado to place the parties in possession, and 
 adding : "It is also convenient to suggest to you that you 
 should select for the settlers a townsite and provide them 
 with lots for residence, together with such other steps as 
 you may deem proper for the security of the inhabitants, 
 who on account of settling on the land indicated will be 
 included in your jurisdiction."
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 375 
 
 The constitutional alcalde of El Bado made report to 
 Governor Sarracino as follows: 
 
 "At Nuestra Senora de los Dolores de Las Vegas, on 
 the sixth day of the month of April, in the year one 
 thousand eight hundred and thirty-five, jurisdiction of 
 San Miguel del Bado, I, citizen Jose de Jesus Ulibarri y 
 Duran, Constitutional Alcalde, the only one in this juris- 
 diction, proceeded to this town for the purpose of appor- 
 tioning the lands to the twenty-five individuals mentioned 
 in the petition dated ]\Iarch 20, 1835, and in general to 
 those who are without lands, not only those within this 
 jurisdiction, but also anyone who may present himself to 
 me, who has no occupation, and, having examined the 
 land, I took the measure from north to south, after which 
 I made the apportionment according to that portion of 
 the colonization law which refers to grant of public lands, 
 each individual received a gratuitous piece of land, ac- 
 cording to his means, with the understanding that the 
 lands given to the persons contained in the accompanying 
 list, one should remain uncultivated." 
 
 The surveyor-general, Pelham, considered both of these 
 titles good and reconunended both for confirmation, leav- 
 ing to the several claimants the right of adjusting their 
 titles in the courts. But Congress (a Senate committee) 
 did not agree with the surveyor-general as to the best 
 manner in which these conflicting titles should be dis- 
 posed of. The committee said: 
 
 "The claimants under the title to Baca have expressed 
 a willingness to waive their older title in favor of the 
 settlers, if allowed to enter an equivalent quantity of 
 land elsewhere within the Territory; and your Committee 
 cannot doubt that Congress will cheerfully accept the pro- 
 posal, which, indeed, would undoubtedly have been ac- 
 ceded to by Mexico if the Territory had remained hers, 
 to whose rights and duties the United States have suc- 
 ceeded." 
 
 Congress confirmed the grant to the Town of Las Vegas 
 and settled the claim of the Baca heirs in the following 
 language : 
 
 "And be it further enacted, that it shall be lawful for 
 the heirs of Luis Maria Baca, who make claim to the said 
 tract of land as is claimed by the Town of Las Vegas, to 
 select, instead of the land claimed by them, an equal 
 quantity of vacant land not mineral, in the Territory of 
 New Mexico, to be located by them in square bodies, not 
 exceeding five in number. And it shall be the duty of the
 
 376 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 surveyor general of New Mexico to make survey and lo- 
 cation of the lands so selected by said heirs of Baca when 
 thereunto required by them : Provided, however, that the 
 right hereby granted to said heirs of Baca shall continue 
 in force during three years from the passage of this act, 
 and no longer." Approved June 21, 1860. 
 
 The authority thus given to make locations was after- 
 Wiard exercised by the Baca heirs, and the lands thus 
 acquired are known as "Baca Location" with the num- 
 ber up to five. 
 
 In 1887, the title of the town of Las Vegas to this 
 property was attacked by Moses Milheiser and others. 
 The case was finally determined by the supreme court of 
 New Mexico in 1889, Chief Justice Long delivering the 
 opinion of the court. The judicial determination favored 
 the title of the town to the property and that title is now 
 unquestioned. The grant has since been administered 
 by a board of trustees, appointed by the presiding judge 
 of the district court, pursuant to the provisions of legis- 
 lative enactment. 
 
 Don Luis Maria Cabeza de Baca claimed to be a de- 
 scendant of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, one of the first 
 Europeans to cross the continent from the Gulf of Mexico 
 to the Gulf of California. He came to the Province of New 
 Mexico in the early part of the eighteenth century, with his 
 father, Juan Antonio Cabeza de Vaca. His is the 
 first of the name of Cabeza de Baca to appear in the 
 archives of New Mexico. He was one of the most notable 
 men of his time. In his petition for lands at the Vegas 
 Grandes, the present location of the city of Las Vegas, 
 he recites that he makes the request for himself and his 
 seventeen male children. He died at Pena Blanca, New 
 Mexico, in 1833. A friend and neighbor, Jose Francisco 
 Salas, who was present at his deatli and burial, states 
 that he was killed by a soldier in the Mexican army on 
 account of his having some contraband property in his 
 possession, belonging to an American and which he re- 
 fused to deliver to the soldier. Mr. Salas, in 1858, testi- 
 fied that he knew Luis Baca, Prudencio Baca, Jesus Baca, 
 Sr., Felipe Baca, Jesus Baca, Jr., Domingo Baca, and 
 Manuel Baca, who were then living and that he had 
 known Juan Antonio Baca, Jose Baca, Jose Miguel Baca, 
 Ramon Baca, and Mateo Baca, all of whom were dead. 
 
 Don Luis lived at the Vegas Grandes for a period of 
 ten years, in a hut at the place known as the Loma Mon- 
 tosa. He was finally driven off by incessant raids of the
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 377 
 
 Pawnee, Kiowa, and Cumanehe Indians. Don Tomas C. de 
 Baca, son of Juan Antonio C. de Baca, was a very promi- 
 nent man in New Mexico during his career. He left several 
 children, among the rest Don Marcos C. de Baca, several 
 times a member of the New Mexican Legislative Assembly, 
 and a candidate for Congress in 1912. Don Domingo C. 
 de Baca, son of Don Luis Maria, was believed to be con- 
 nected with the conspiracy against the American officers 
 at Santa Fe, in 1846-7. 
 
 A complete list of the children of this notable New 
 Mexican appears elsewhere in this work. 
 
 1288 SANTA FE. 1822. 
 
 Tract of land next to the house of the Cura. 
 
 1289 JUAN RAFAEL ORTIZ, Santa Fe. 
 
 Question of debt. Facundo Melgares, Governor. 
 
 1290 AYUNTAMIENTO of El Paso del Rio del Norte in 
 
 regard to the extent of its jurisdiction. 
 
 Don Juan Maria Ponze de Leon was secretary of the 
 Ayuntamiento of Paso del Norte. 
 
 1291 PROVINCIAL DEPUTATION, 1822-1825. 
 
 Inventory of documents in the archives. No. 1258. 
 
 In the Journal of the Provincial Deputation are many 
 items of interest relative to the lands of the Pueblo In- 
 dians, the efforts of people to secure title to some of them, 
 and the disposition of the Mexican authorities is reflected 
 by these entries. 
 
 These orders and decisions are as follows: 
 February 16, 1824. Leaf 86, page 2. 
 
 Three petitions, by eighteen different persons, asking 
 for unoccupied agricultural lands belonging to the In- 
 dians of Santo Domingo and San Felipe, were taken up 
 for discussion. 
 
 It was resolved to appoint Don Jose Francisco Ortiz 
 to examine the lands, ascertain their extent and also to 
 give the natives to understand that the Deputation could 
 dispose of those lands. The right to decrease the num- 
 ber of applicants was reserved for further discussion. 
 March 12, 1824. Leaf 88, page 2. 
 
 Don Jose Francisco Ortiz reported that he had exam- 
 ined the surplus land at the pueblos of Santo Domingo 
 and San Felipe, which was three-fourths of a league in
 
 378 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 extent, and the natives stated that it had been given to 
 them for the pasturing of their animals. 
 
 It was decided that the jefe politico (governor) 
 should go to the pueblos in question, in company with 
 Ortiz and such other persons as he saw fit to take and 
 should partition to the two pueblos the land which they 
 had held in common up to that time, in order that each 
 might dispose of what belonged to it, with the same 
 liberty as other citizens. The surplus lands were then to 
 be disposed of. 
 Fchrnary 16, 1825. Leaf 41, page 2. 
 
 There was taken up for consideration a petition by 
 Miguel Rivera and others, in regard to lands on the 
 Pecos river which had been partitioned to them by the 
 alcalde of El Bado (Vado) by order of the jcfe politico 
 and from which they had been subsequently ejected. 
 
 It was decided that the parties must be governed by 
 the decision of the Deputation of February 16, 1824. 
 
 In discussing this matter the question was raised 
 whether the Pecos Indians could sell their lands or pre- 
 vent the Deputation from making donations of those 
 lands which they claimed to own but were not cultivating. 
 
 Reference is made to such donations having been re- 
 jected in accordance with section 5 of the law of Novem- 
 ber 9, 1812. 
 July 19, 1825. Leaf 55, page 2. 
 
 A petition from various persons who asked for the sur- 
 plus lands of the Nambe Indians, was referred to the town 
 council of La Caiiada {Santa Cruz de la Canada) for re- 
 port. 
 September 15, 1825. Leaf 63, page 1. 
 
 On the petition of Juan Diego Sena, asking for the 
 granting of the surplus lands of the San Juan Indians, it 
 was decided not to consider this and similar petitions, un- 
 til the decision of the Federal government, as to a general 
 rule to be observed in such cases, should be obtained. 
 
 The San Juan Indians are referred to in this entry as 
 "Citizens." 
 November 17, 1825. Leaf 70, page 2. 
 
 After considering a petition of the Pecos Indians, ask- 
 ing that they be declared to be the owners of one league 
 of land on each course, which amount of land had been 
 considered to belong to each pueblo of the Territory, it 
 was decided to refer the matter to the Federal govern- 
 ment for interpretation of section 5, of the law of No- 
 vember 9, 1812.
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 379 
 
 July 18, 1827. Leaf 152, page 1. 
 
 Two petitions of the Laguna Indians were presented to 
 the Deputation; one relative to the interference of the 
 Aeoma Indians with the water rights of the petitioners; 
 the other in regard to the attempt of the people of Cebol- 
 leta to deprive the Lagnnas of the Paguate ranch, which 
 they claimed by purchase. 
 
 The Lagunas also asked for a new grant to the Paguate 
 ranch. 
 June 25, 1827. Leaf 159, page 1. 
 
 Two complaints of the Laguna Indians, presented to 
 the Deputation on June 18, 1827, relative to the water 
 rights dispute with the Indians of Acoma and the dispute 
 with the people of Cebolleta as to the Paguate ranch, 
 were transmitted to the jefe politico for his action there- 
 on. 
 June 27, 1827. Leaf 159, page 2. 
 
 A memorial and deeds of Don Francisco Ortiz, relative 
 to lands which he had bought of the Indians of San Ilde- 
 fonzo, were referred for report to a committee composed 
 of Antonio Ortiz, Francisco Baca y Ortiz, and Pedro 
 Ygnacio Gallego. 
 February 9, 1829. Leaf 22, page 2. 
 
 A petition by Rafael Sanchez and others, asking for 
 lands at San Jose, near the pueblo of Acoma, was taken 
 up for discussion ; it was decided that the constitutional 
 alcalde of Laguna should investigate whether any person 
 had acquired property rights there and whether the water 
 with which the land was to be irrigated was independent 
 of that used for similar purposes by the Indians of La- 
 guna and Acoma. 
 
 If such was found to be the case, and there was no ob- 
 stacle, the parties were to be put in possession. 
 January 8, 1831. Leaf 56, page 1. 
 
 An application of Juan Garcia of Alburquerque for a 
 tract of land at Cubero was referred to the constitutional 
 council of Laguna, with instructions as to points to be 
 covered in their report. 
 April 14, 1831. Leaf 63, page 1. 
 
 A petition of Agustin Duran and others for a tract of 
 land about 3,000 varas in extent between the pueblos of 
 Santo Domingo and San Felipe, was referred to the coun- 
 cils of Cochiti and Sandia for report. 
 November 12, 1831. Leaf 69, page 1. 
 
 A petition of Juan Cristobal IMufiiz, a citizen of Jemez,
 
 380 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 for some farming land at Yallecito and near the Jemes 
 pueblo, was referred to the council of Jemez. 
 November 12, 1831. Leaf 69, page 1. 
 
 The report of the council of Cochiti on the petition of 
 Agustin Duran and others for lands between Santo Do- 
 mingo and San Felipe was considered; after which the 
 matter was ordered transmitted for report to the council 
 of Sandia, that being the jurisdiction of San Felipe. 
 July 16, 1832. Leaf 74, page 2. 
 
 Complaint of the Jemez Indians relative to the damages 
 they were suffering as to their common lands, was re- 
 ferred to the council of Jemez for further information. 
 July 18, 1832. Leaf 76, page 2. 
 
 Petition of Antonio Sandobal, asking for pasture land 
 from the Ojo Hediondo as far as the Caiioncito del Cojo. 
 Referred to the council of Laguna. 
 
 1292 INDIANS of the Pueblo of Taos and the People of 
 Arroyo Seco. 1823. Water rights. 
 
 Report of the Ayuntamiento. 
 
 Report of the ayuntamiento (town council) of Taos, 
 dlated December 30, 1823, to the jefe politico, in regard 
 to a suit pending between the residents of Arroyo Seco 
 and the Indians of the pueblo of Taos, as to water rights 
 in the Lueero river. 
 
 The ayuntamiento states that the Arroyo Seco people 
 acquired their rights to their lands under a grant made 
 by Joaquin Codallos y Rabal, dated October 7. 1745, but 
 the land had not been used until 1815, when they 
 began to build houses, and cultivate their lands, which 
 they irrigated from the Arroyo Seco and also from the 
 Lueero river; that the Indians, in addition to using the 
 waters of the river which ran through their pueblo also 
 used and had always used the water of the Lueero river 
 for irrigating their lands ; that moreover they had ac- 
 quired a new right in the latter stream by having pur- 
 chased from the descendants of Antonio Martin, the legal 
 owner of the land granted from the league of their pueblo, 
 to the Arroyo Seco, etc. 
 
 The general tone of the report is favorable to the pri- 
 ority of the right of the Indians. 
 
 There is a crude sketch map with this report, showing 
 the lands purchased by the Indians, the pueblo, the town 
 of Don Fernando, and the streams in that neighborhood. 
 
 This archive, I understand, has been translated and 
 used in a suit in which the Indians of Taos are now (1913)
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 381 
 
 involved with persons claiming under the Antonio Mar- 
 tinez grant. 
 
 1293 PETITION of Francisco Xavier Ortiz and three 
 
 others for lands near San Ildefonso. No action. 
 
 Petition by Francisco Xavier Ortiz and his three sons, 
 to the jefe politico, for a piece of land for each adjoining 
 the lands of the pueblo of San Ildefonso. The date is 
 February 19, 1824. 
 
 The parties ask the jefe politico to forward the peti- 
 tion with a report, if necessary, to the Provincial Depu- 
 tation. 
 
 There is no further action. 
 
 1294 LA CIENEGA de los GARCIAS. 1825. 
 
 Piece of a letter in regard to the partition of the same. 
 
 1295 ALAMEDA TRACT. 1825. 
 
 Report of measurement of the same by Perea. Report 
 made to Bartolome Baca, political chief. 
 
 Letter of June 13, 1825, from a certain Perea, at Ber- 
 nailillo, to the jefe politico, Bartolome Baca, reporting 
 that he had complied with the latter 's order to measure 
 the Alameda Tract from the boundary of the natives of 
 the pueblo of Sandia to the Alburquerque line. 
 
 One statement in this letter indicates that the land im- 
 mediately adjoining the Indians' land (on the south) be- 
 longed to Don Eusebio Rael. 
 
 1296 JOSE IGNACIO MADRID and Mariano Baldes and 
 
 Others. 
 
 Letter to Jose Manuel Salazar in the matter of the parti- 
 tion of their lands on the Rio Ckama. 1826. 
 
 1297 CORPORATION OF SANTA FE. 1826. 
 
 Record of the proceedings in a suit about lands at Ar- 
 royo Seco, near the pueblo of Taos. The petition is ad- 
 dressed to Don Antonio Narbona, governor and political 
 chief. The signatures are those of Juan de Dios Peria, 
 war-captain and chief alcalde; Mariano Pena, Salvador 
 Padilla, Jose Ma. Ortiz ; Juan Domingo Fernandez ; Fran- 
 cisco Lobato ; Francisco Sanchez ; Rafael Antonio de Luna ; 
 Pedro Martin ; Matias ]\Iartin ; Juan Antonio Martin ; Jose 
 Miguel Aragon; Mariano Sanchez; Jose Gonzales. 
 
 Bartolome Baca also appears in the proceeding in June, 
 1825.
 
 382 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 This is a controversy begun in the year 1825, between 
 Felipe Gonzalez and Carpio Cordoba, as complainants, and 
 Jose Antonio Sanchez and Diego Antonio Sanchez, de- 
 fendants, in regard to some lands at Arroyo Seco, near 
 Taos. 
 
 The manuscript is nearly 40 pages in extent, but it is 
 not necessary to make a full brief of its contents, as the 
 most of it is not of importance to the Indians of Taos. 
 
 It appears from these papers that in the year 1816 
 Manuel and Matias Martin, citizens of Abiquiu, petitioned 
 Don Pedro Martin, chief alcalde of Taos, to restore to 
 them certain lands of which they had been illegally de- 
 prived. 
 
 They state that it had come to their knowledge that 
 their grandfather, Don Antonio IMartin, had had a grant 
 made to him by the king at the Rinconada del Rio de 
 Lucero, and that having been advised to seek for the 
 granting documents at the pueblo of Taos, they discovered 
 that the grant had been sold to the natives of that pueblo 
 by Joaquin Sanches, who had hid said grant from their 
 father, who was the lawful heir to it. They allege that 
 the said Joaquin Sanches was not an heir of their grand- 
 father, and they denounce the sale made by him as being 
 illegal and depriving them and their children of their 
 lawful rights. 
 
 The petition of Manuel and Matias was presented to 
 the alcalde, as above stated, and he directed, by his of- 
 ficial order of April 26, 1816, that one of the interested 
 parties should take it to the governor of the Province, in 
 order that he should take such action as he saw fit. 
 
 That officer, on May 7, 1816, ordered the alcalde to in- 
 vestigate whether the petitioners were lawful heirs, and 
 whether Joaquin Sanchez had usurped their lands. 
 
 This the alcalde did, and on May 30, 1816, he made his 
 report to the governor. That part of his report which is 
 most important to the Taos Indians relates to the gene- 
 alogy of these Martins. The alcalde's investigation re- 
 vealed the fact that the grandfather of the petitioners, 
 Antonio Martin, had by his own niece, Isabel Pacheco, an 
 illegitimate child, who was named Diego Rafael, and who 
 became the father of Manuel and Matias IMartin, the pe- 
 titioners in the matter now under consideration ; that sub- 
 sequent to the birth of her illegitimate son, Isabel Pa- 
 checo married Francisco Sanchez, by whom she had four 
 children, Joaquin, Joseph, Francisco, and Mariano; that 
 Antonio Martin gave a tract of land, which he had by
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 383 
 
 grant from the king, to Isabel and her sister Francisca, 
 by whom also he had had a child, which apparently did 
 not survive the mother; that neither Antonio Martin nor 
 Isabel Pacheco made any will; that Joaquin and Jose 
 Sanchez, two of the legitimate children of Isabel, sold the 
 land in opposition to the wishes of their brothers, Fran- 
 cisco and IMariano, and their half-brother, Diego Rafael; 
 that some years prior to the date of the alcalde's report, 
 Francisco and Mariano had taken some legal steps, ap- 
 parently to assert their own rights, but entirely ignoring 
 the rights of their half brother, Diego Rafael; that ulti- 
 mately Francisco and Mariano decided to compromise the 
 whole matter in order to avoid being involved in law 
 suits; that with that object in view they acknowledged the 
 petitioners, Manuel and Matias ]\Iartin (the children of 
 Diego Rafael), as their nephews; that they requested the 
 alcalde to divide the ranch in halves, through the center. 
 
 The alcalde then proceeds to describe the measurement 
 which he made of the ranch, and the manner in which it 
 was divided in accordance with the voluntary compromise. 
 
 On June 3, 1816, Governor Allande approved the par- 
 tition of the land. 
 
 Another paper in the case indicates that when the In- 
 dians of Taos became satisfied that the sale made to them 
 by Joaquin Sanchez was not legal, they gave up the land 
 in consideration of one hundred pesos and an ox, which 
 was given to them by Don Felipe Gonzalez. 
 
 This paper is dated at Taos on May 13, 1816. 
 
 The original controversy of Felipe Gonzalez and Carpio 
 Cordoba with Jose Antonio and Diego Antonio Sanchez, of 
 which the papers above described form a part, was ap- 
 parently decided in favor of Diego Antonio Sanchez, 
 by Governor Antonio Narbona, on ]\Iay 23, 1826. 
 
 1298 JULIAN RAEL vs. Indians of Sandia. 1827. 
 
 Opinion of Ignacio jNIaria Sanchez Vergara, Alcalde. 
 
 Letter of July 7, 1827, from Ignacio Maria Sanchez Ver- 
 gara to ]\Ianuel Armijo, jefe politico of New IMexico, 
 transmitting an expedient e of a suit in regard to lands be- 
 tween Don Julian Rael and the Indians of the pueblo of 
 
 Sandia. 
 
 He sets forth at length his opinion in regard to tlie mat- 
 ter, which was strongly in favor of Rael's contention and 
 which strongly intimated that the Indians were not act- 
 ing in good faith. 
 
 It is possible that Sanchez was personally interested in
 
 384 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 the matter, as he requests the return to him of certain 
 documents ; and following his signature to the letter is an 
 acknowledgment, also signed by him, of the return of all 
 his documents, at Sandia, August 17, 1827. 
 
 One of the statements made by Sanchez seems to indi- 
 cate that the title under which Rael was claiming had its 
 inception as far back as the time of the Marquis of Penu- 
 ela, who was governor of the province about 1707 to 1712. 
 This would be many years prior to the grant made to the 
 pueblo of Sandia, the date of which was 1748. 
 
 Letter of November 10, 1829, from the office of the 
 minister of justice to the jefe politico of New Mexico, 
 acknowledging the receipt of the copy of the legal pro- 
 ceedings in regard to the restitution of lands to the citi- 
 zens (vecinos) of the pueblo of Sandia. The expediente 
 was forwarded with the jefe politico's letter of October 
 30, 1829 (?). 
 
 A marginal note shows that the alcalde of Sandia was 
 notified of the receipt of this letter of November 10, on 
 December 25, 1829. 
 
 1299 PUEBLO OF SANDIA. 1829. 
 
 Receipt from the office of the IMinister of Justice of the 
 proceedings in the matter of the restitution of lands. 
 
 1300 DRAFT OF A REPORT of a Committee of the Ter- 
 ritorial Deputation in the matter of granting the Go- 
 tera Tract to Jose Guadalupe Romero and Manuel 
 Bustamante. 
 
 1301 JUAN CRUZ BACA. Sahinal, 1831. 
 
 Complains to Jose Antonio Chaves, political chief, that 
 Ramon Torres, alcalde of Sahinal, has taken the lands 
 from the heirs of Geronimo Chaves and given them to his 
 brother. 
 
 1302 GERONIMO CHAVES, Heirs of, vs. Roman Torres. 
 Sahinal, 1831. No. 1301, q. v. 
 
 1303 JUAN JOSE LUJAN. 1832. 
 
 Lease to Ilarvey Ellison and Wyatt ; land for a tannery. 
 Juan Garcia, Alcalde. 
 
 1304 PEDRO MOLINA. 1832. 
 
 Letter to the jefe politico in regard to sale of lands by 
 Francisco Baca in Encinal and Cubero.
 
 
 ife^;*;'' ^ ^ 
 
 Don Pedro de Castro Figueroa 
 Duke of the Conquista, Viceroy of Mexico 1740-41
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 385 
 
 He states that the lands had been purchased and the 
 price paid therefor, which he enumerates in sheep, horses, 
 a cow, etc., with which Baca was satisfied; that the citizens 
 who had purchased them were ready to go to work and 
 were only waiting for the lands to be partitioned among 
 them, etc. 
 
 It is likely that the Francisco Baca referred to in this 
 letter was the Navajo Indian whose rights at Cubero were 
 purchased by Mexican citizens prior to the establishment 
 of their town. 
 
 1305 MARIANO SANCHEZ. 1833. 
 
 Petition that the tract — Agua Sarca — formerly granted 
 to Sebastian Martin, his great-grandfather, be partitioned 
 among twenty-five persons. 
 
 1306 DECREE of Mexican Congress forbidding the sale of 
 property held in mortmain until further legislation on 
 the subject. 1833. 
 
 1307 DECREE of Mexican Congress correcting typogra- 
 phical error. 1834. 
 
 1308 VICENTE OTERO. 1834. 
 
 Letter to the political chief, Francisco Sarracino, in 
 Valencia, ]\Iarch 9, 1834: 
 
 "Most Excellent Sir: Manuel Sanchez, for himself 
 and in the name of nineteen individuals, all residents of 
 Valencia, represents to your excellency that having discov- 
 ered a tract of land suitable for cultivation at the point 
 of Tajique, which is vacant, and consequently will not be 
 to the injury of any third party, on the contrary, the con- 
 dition of the petitioners will he bettered on account of 
 the limited amount of land which they can now cultivate, 
 and that your excellency, in compliance with the law 
 which recommends the encouragement of agriculture, be 
 pleased to direct that the above-mentioned land, contain- 
 ing one-half of a league in circumference, be donated to 
 them, protesting to pay all costs in good faith, etc. 
 
 "Manuel Sanchez" 
 "Santa Fe, March 17, 1834. 
 
 "The constitutional justice of Valencia, to which juris- 
 diction Tajique belongs, as I am informed, will make the 
 division asked for, within the boundaries they set forth, 
 provided no injury will result to any third party, the
 
 386 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 grant temporarily made by the government, to avoid de- 
 lay in planting their crops, being subject to the confirma- 
 tion of the most excellent deputation when it shall meet. 
 
 ' ' Sarracino. ' ' 
 
 "At this point of Tajique, on the ninth day of April, 
 one thousand eight hundred and thirty-four, in compliance 
 with the provisional order of the political chief to place 
 the parties in possession, in order that the individuals 
 who asked for a grant to said land, containing one-half 
 league in circumference, should not lose their crops, I, 
 Citizen Vicente Otero, constitutional justice of the town- 
 ship of Valencia, proceeded to the place for that purpose, 
 with two attending witnesses, which said office is entitled 
 to, commencing by measuring the one-half league in cir- 
 cumference, having in the first place set aside one hun- 
 dred and seventy-two varas in the most convenient place 
 for a town site, and from the center thereof the one-half 
 league in the direction of the four cardinal points of the 
 compass was measured in the following manner: the first 
 towards the south, which reached to a thick cedar a little 
 above the caiion called ' De los Pinos ; ' the second towards 
 the north, to the caiion De Las Migas, where a pine tree 
 was marked with a cross; the third towards the west, to 
 the little table lands of the Cueva, where another pine 
 tree was marked with a cross; the fourth towards the 
 east to the lone pine, said measurements having been made 
 in the presence of twelve of the grantees. The subdivision 
 of the arable land to which each one was entitled to was 
 omitted, on account of the absence of seven of those con- 
 tained in the granting act, directing the persons present 
 to commence planting their crops, with the understanding 
 that when the proper time arrived I would return to sub- 
 divide the land, informing them that no one acquired any 
 right to the land he cultivated excepting those to whom it 
 should fall by lot, with the condition that whosoever re- 
 ceived the land which was broken up should break up a like 
 quantity for the first occupant; and for the purpose of 
 placing this on record and other proper objects, I, the 
 aforesaid justice, signed this document, with my attend- 
 ing witnesses, to which I certify. Vicente Otero. 
 "Attending: 
 
 "Jacinto Sanchez. 
 
 "Jose Manuel Maldonado. 
 
 "At this place of Tajique, on the twenty-fourth day of 
 December, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-four, I, 
 Citizen Vicente Otero, constitutional justice of the juris-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 387 
 
 diction of Valencia, in fulfillment of the foregoing docu- 
 ment, and in the presence of my attending witnesses, I 
 caused to appear before me the persons to whom this place 
 was granted, who, being present, I informed them of the 
 operation to be performed, as set forth in the foregoing 
 document, and they willingly consented to receive what- 
 ever tillable land each one was justly entitled to ; where- 
 upon, the calculation being made, I commenced measur- 
 ing from west to east one hundred and twelve varas to 
 each one ; leaving out, in the first place, twelve varas as 
 outlets to the town, having placed them in possession in 
 the following order: 1st. Measured to Maria Gertrudis 
 Chaves, who is bounded by the lands of Antonio Otero. 
 2d. Antonio Otero, who is bounded by the lands of Maria 
 Gertrudis Chaves and those of Manuel Garcia. 3d. Manuel 
 Garcia, who is bounded by Antonio Otero and Jose Lo- 
 renzo Otero. 4th. Jose Lorenzo Otero, bounded by Man- 
 uel Garcia and IMatias Sanehes. 5th. Matias Sanchez, 
 bounded by Jose Lorenzo Otero and Jose Antonio Za- 
 mora. 6th. Jose Antonio Zamora, bounded by Matias 
 Sanchez and Rafael Sanchez. 7th. Rafael Sanchez, 
 bounded by Jose Antonio Zamora and Francisco Moya. 
 8th. Francisco ^Eoya, bounded by Rafael Sanchez and 
 Jose Maria Maldonado. 9th. Jose Maria Maldonado, 
 bounded by Francisco Moya and Cristobal Zamora. 10th. 
 Cristobal Zamora, bounded by Jose Maria Maldonado and 
 Lazaro Ramirez. 11th. Lazaro Ramirez, bounded by 
 Cristobal Zamora and Mateo Anaya. 12th. Mateo Anaya, 
 bounded by Lazaro Ramirez and Ignacio Cedillo. 13th. 
 Ignacio Cedillo, bounded by Mateo Anaya and Roman 
 Zamora. 14th. Roman Zamora, bounded by Ignacio Ce- 
 dillo and Domingo Zamora. 15th. Domingo Zamora, 
 bounded by Roman Zamora and Jose Chavez. 16th. Jose 
 Chavez, bounded by Domingo Zamora and Antonio San- 
 chez. 17th. Antonio Sanchez, bounded by Jose Chavez; 
 Jose Sanchez to the west of the temple ; Dionisio Vigil to 
 the west of the temple ; giving to all the privilege of break- 
 ing up such land as they may want, on a line with their 
 own,withoutgoingbeyond the half league granted to them; 
 it being understood that those having received land which 
 has been broken up l)y others, within their lot, shall break 
 up an equal quantity for the person entitled to it on un- 
 broken land, by the month of April, 1835 ; and if said 
 condition is not complied with, they will continue using 
 the land they have broken up originallj^ until other land 
 is broken for them. All having expressed their satisfac-
 
 388 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 tion at this and all other matters connected with the di- 
 vision of the land, and in order that they, their heirs and 
 successors, may enjoy the same peaceably and quietly, 
 and in order that they may barter their land or dispose 
 of it to whomsoever they may see proper at the expiration 
 of the period prescribed by law for such grants, I, the 
 aforesaid justice, said I would authorize this document, 
 as I did authorize it, in due form of law, and by virtue 
 of the powers in me vested, signing with those in my at- 
 tendance, to which I certify. Vicente Otero. 
 ' ' Attending : 
 "Jose Antonio Maldonado." 
 
 Don Vicente Otero, mentioned in the foregoing archive, 
 was the grandfather of Miguel A. Otero, governor of New 
 jMexico during the McKinley and Roosevelt administra- 
 tions. His father, Don Miguel A. Otero, 10, was delegate 
 in Congress in the 'fifties. Tajique is the site of an old 
 pueblo, destroyed by the Apaches in the middle of the sev- 
 enteenth century. 
 
 1309 DRAFT of a Letter to the Alcalde of El Bado in re- 
 lation to action taken by the Territorial Deputation in 
 the matter of the petition of Juan de Dios Maese, et 
 al., for a grant of lands at Las Vegas. 1835. 
 
 1310 JOSE FRANCISCO CHAVES y BACA. 1835. 
 
 Letter to political chief in regard to lands sold by a 
 Navajo Indian, which lands belonged to the Indians of 
 Laguna. 
 
 Letter of May 26, 1835, written at Laguna, by Jose 
 Francisco Chaves y Baca, constitutional alcalde of that 
 district, to the jefe politico, in regard to a controversy 
 between the natives of Laguna and the parties who had 
 purchased land from the Navajo Indian, Francisco Baca. 
 
 He states that Baca had deeded the land to the pur- 
 chasers, the deed being acknowledged before Don Manuel 
 Gallego, the retiring alcalde ; that he had summoned the 
 latter before him and had asked him what reasons he had 
 had for including in the deed lands which belonged to 
 the Indians; that Gallego had answered that at the time 
 in question there was no one to inform him that the prop- 
 erty of the complainants was included in the deed ; that 
 he was governed by the boundaries which Baca pointed 
 out to him in company with Don Juan Dionicio Chaves, 
 the attorney in fact for the purchasers; that he had no
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 389 
 
 means of knowing whether the statements made in the 
 deed by the Indian were true. 
 
 This letter was evidently a letter of transmittal of docu- 
 ments which the Laguna Indians had laid before the al- 
 calde in connection with their attempt to recover lands 
 which they claimed and which had been sold by the Nav- 
 ajo to the people of Cubero, and although it does not re- 
 veal the contents of those documents, it shows that the 
 alcalde took the side of the Indians as against the Cubero 
 people and their grantor, Francisco Baca. 
 
 1311 SANTA FE. 1835. 
 
 In the matter of a reservoir. Francisco Trujillo, Juan 
 Jose Lujan, Simon Apodaca, members of the Ayuntami- 
 ento. 
 
 1312 ALBINO PEREZ, Governor. 1835. 
 
 Receipt of official letter. 
 
 1313 SANTA FE. 1835-6. 
 
 Destruction of a reservoir maintained by Miguel Sena. 
 
 1314 SANTA FE. 1836. 
 
 Names of property owners in the city. Juan Bautista 
 Vigil y Alarid. 
 
 1315 JUAN DE DIOS MAESE. San Miguel del Bado. 1836. 
 
 Petition to political chief that he take some steps toward 
 compelling the grantees in the Las Vegas Grant to take 
 possession of their lands. 
 
 1316 PROTOCOL of Manuel Doroteo Pino, First Consti- 
 tutional Alcalde of Santa Fe. 1838. 
 
 Lorenzo Balizan to Lorenzo Provencio. Land at El Paso, 
 1838. 
 
 Ignacio Duran to Gaspar Rivera. Land in Santa Fe, 
 1838. 
 
 Tomas Valencia to Antonio Matias Ortiz. Mortgage. 
 Lands in Santa Fe, 1838. 
 
 Jose Serafin Martin for his father, Antonio Martin, to 
 Juan Rafael Ortiz. House and land in San Jose de La 
 Cienega, 1838. 
 
 Mariano Mares to Bias Ortega. Land in Santa Fe. 1838. 
 
 Eusebio Garcia, for his wife, Luciana INIartin, to IMiguel 
 Tafoya. House and land on the Bio de Santa Fe. 1838.
 
 390 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Felipe Coris to Esmeregildo Ortiz. Land in Santa Fe, 
 1838. 
 
 Getrudis Sandoval. Partition of her estate. 1838. 
 
 1317 MANUEL ARMIJO, Governor. 
 
 Book 2d of rough draft of decrees, 1840-1842. 
 
 1318 CORNELIO VIGIL. 1842. Juez de Paz. 
 
 Transmitting to Guadalupe IMiranda, secretary of the 
 government, expedient e of land suit between the people 
 of Don Fernando de Taos and those of San Francisco del 
 BancJio. 
 
 The Don Fernando de Taos Grant, R. No. 125, was eon- 
 firmed by the court of private land claims and under a 
 survey pursuant to the decree, the area is found to be 
 more than 1.817 acres. The north boundary of this prop- 
 erty is the southern boundary of the Taos Pueblo Grant. 
 Patented, February 25, 1909. 
 
 1319 PABLO MONTOYA, deceased. 1842. 
 
 Draft of a letter to the governor in regard to the disposi- 
 tion of his property. 
 
 1320 VICENTE RIBERA, Juez de Paz, to Guadalupe Mi- 
 randa, Secretary, 1842. 
 
 Announcing that he has placed certain parties in posses- 
 sion of lands at the junction of the GaUinas and Pecos 
 rivers, and asking whether there shall be given lands to 
 others who may need them. Draft of an affirmative reply 
 on the same paper. 
 
 1321 LA CIENEGA of Satita Fe. 1844. 
 
 1322 MARIANO MARTINEZ, Governor, 1844. 
 
 To the president of the Departmental Assembly. Trans- 
 mitting petition of certain citizens for lands at Sapello 
 and Mora. 
 
 1323 SANTA FE. 1845. 
 
 Petition of the first and second alcaldes on behalf of the 
 city, to the governor, for a tract of land. No action. 
 
 1324 AGAPITO, NAZARIO, and RICARDO ORTIZ. 1845. 
 
 Claim to a house in Santa Fe, as heirs of their mother, 
 Maria Rosa Mestas, which had been sold without their 
 consent, by their father, Casimiro Ortiz. Teodoro Gon- 
 zales, Juez de Paz. San lldefonzo.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 391 
 
 1325 SANDIA Grant. 1846. 
 
 Letter of Manuel Armijo, directing Juan Bautista Vigil 
 to send the papers to him. Vigil's letter of transmittal. 
 
 A marginal note, signed by the rubric of Vigil, shows 
 that the grant was delivered to Don Tomas Ortiz, on 
 March 20, 1846, which is corroborated by Vigil's letter of 
 that date to Governor Armijo, forming a part of the same 
 archive. 
 
 1326 MANUEL DELGADO and JUAN PINO. No date. 
 
 Fragment of a document in relation to a controversy as 
 to water rights at the ranchos of J nana Lopez and Los 
 Cerrillos. 
 
 1327 COMMUNICATION (3), rough draft, in relation to 
 stationing soldiers at some point in the valley of the 
 Rio Grande. 
 
 These are addressed to the viceroy, the Duke of Albur- 
 querque. The apostasy of the Moquis is mentioned. 
 
 1328 TESTIMONIO of letter and report relative to an 
 attack made upon the Pueblo of Pecos by the Cu- 
 manches, the presence of a hundred lodges of these 
 Indians on the Rio Jicarilla, and the selling of fire- 
 arms to them by the French, and the proposed con- 
 struction of a Presidio at the place called "Jicarilla." 
 
 The date is 1748 ; the archive contains 14 pages and bears 
 the signature of Governor and Captain-General Joachin 
 Codallos y Rabal. The fact that a Frenchman named Luis 
 Maria and eight others had been at Taos in 1742 is men- 
 tioned; that Luis Maria had been "apeloleado" in the 
 plaza at Santa Fe under an order from the superior gov- 
 ernment of New Spain; that in 1744 a Frenchman, named 
 Santiago Velo, had come to the pueblo of Pecos. The 
 Villasur expedition of 1720 is also mentioned. The names 
 of Fr. Joseph Urquijo. Fr. Juan Miguel JMenchero, Fr. 
 Lorenzo and Antonio Duran de Armijo also occur. In 
 addition to the signature of Governor Joacliin Codallos y 
 Eabal, those of Phelipe Jacobo de Unanue, J. jMiguel de 
 Alire, with rubrics, also appear. 
 
 1329 LETTER from the Department of the Interior to 
 the Political Chief of New Mexico, enjoining great 
 caution in the matter of permitting colonists from
 
 392 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 the United States of North America to enter. Mexico, 
 November 21, 1828. It was received at Santa Fe, 
 N. M., January 14, 1829, and answered. 
 
 1330 LETTER, Mexico, February 12, 1825, from Rafael 
 Mangino to the Commissary-General of Santa Fe, 
 relative to arms for light infantry. 
 
 1331 LETTER from General Antonio Lopez de Santa 
 Anna; Merida, April 23, 1825, to the Governor of 
 New Mexico, announcing his resignation of the office 
 of Commandant-General of the Free State of Yuca- 
 tan. Rough draft of letter in reply. 
 
 1332 CIRCULAR from the office of the Minister of the In- 
 terior, requesting the Governor of New Mexico to 
 furnish information relative to lands suitable for 
 colonization purposes. Mexico, September 10, 1838, 
 1 folio. 
 
 1333 LETTER from Don Jacobo Ugarte y Loyola to Gov- 
 ernor Don Juan Bautista de Anza in relation to the 
 proper manner of obtaining and retaining the friend- 
 ship of the Indian tribes. Chihuahua, October 9, 
 1786. 
 
 There is also a certified copy of an opinion of the asesor, 
 Galindo Navarro, on the same subject, dated September 
 4, 1786. The letter is only a fragment, and the hand- 
 writing is the same in each. The ''Dictamen" refers to 
 the bandos of former governors, mentioning them by 
 name, upon the same subject. 
 
 Fr. Sebastian Antonio of Santa Cruz de la Caiiada is 
 also mentioned. 
 
 Relative to obtaining and retaining the friendship of the 
 Indian tribes. 
 
 1334 ROYAL DECREE. Cadiz, March 24, 1811, granting 
 
 to Spanish Americans and Indians perfect equality 
 
 in political rights with European Spaniards. 
 
 A copy. Chihuahua, October 21, 1811 ; ordered published 
 in all cities, towns, etc., of the provinces under his charge,
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 393 
 
 and signed by the commandant-general, Don Nemecio 
 Salcedo. In the lower comer of the last page is found the 
 signature of Don Jose Maria Ponze de Leon, at that time 
 an officer of the ayuntamiento of Paso del Norte. 
 
 1335 PROCLAMATIONS (3) from the Regency to Span- 
 iards, two of them specially directed to Spanish- 
 Americans, in relation to aiding in the prosecution 
 of the war then in progress against the Emperor Na- 
 poleon. 
 
 The first is dated Cadiz, January 31, 1812, and is signed 
 by Ignacio de la Pezuela, who refers to the war as being 
 for the preservation of the religion, honor, property, and 
 liberty of the Spanish nation. In describing Napoleon he 
 says: "Estaha reservado al moderno Atila sohrepujar 
 mucJio al antiguo en enganos, en ferocidad,en una crueldad 
 calculada, y en el arte infernal de amaestrar en su§> per- 
 fidias y en sus furores a sus Marescales, a sus Geherales y 
 a todos los demos satelites de su refinada Urania. El ha 
 encendido la guerra en todo el contenente de Europa, el lo 
 ha devastado, lo had empohrecido, y lo quiere hacer volver 
 a la harharie de los siglos ohscuros para dexar asi estab- 
 licido su cetro de hierro." 
 
 The second, also from Cadiz, dated January 23, 1812. 
 and signed by Don Joachin de Mosquera y Figueroa, is 
 addressed to ''Americanos," and concludes with an ap- 
 peal as follows: 
 
 " Lejos de vosotros, Atnericanos! tan funestro pre- 
 sagio. Eenazcan las dulces ideas de fraternidad y de union 
 que han lahrado nuestra comun felicidad durante tres- 
 cinetos anos. Unamos nuestros esfuerzos para sacudir el 
 y go ignominioso que pretenden imponernos nuestros in- 
 vasores y arrastremos impdvidos los ohstdcidos que puedan 
 presentdrsenos en la escabrosa senda en que nos vemos 
 empenados! escahrosa por cierto, pero que debe condu- 
 cirnos a la inmortalidad." 
 
 The third is signed by Ignacio de la Pezuela and is 
 dated Cadiz, January 31, 1812. 
 
 1336 LETTER; rough draft; no date; relative to educa- 
 tion of the Indians. No signature. 
 
 1337 DECREE of the Mexican Congress abolishing titles 
 of nobility, such as Conde, Marques, CahaUero, and
 
 394 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 ^^todos los de igual naturaleza, cualquiera que sea su 
 origen/^ Mexico, May 2, 1826. 
 
 (Signed) Guadalupe Victoria 
 Sebastian Camancho 
 Published at Santa Fe, June 16, 1826, by the gover- 
 nor, Don Antonio Narbona. 
 
 1338 EOYAL DECREE. 
 
 Appointment of Don Domingo de Cruzate as governor 
 and captain-general of New ]\Iexico. Instructions for the 
 reestablishment of towns, location of Indians, etc. Grants 
 to the Pueblo tribes authorized. Dated 1684. 
 
 1339 PETITION relative to lands of the Pueblo of San 
 
 Ildefonso. September 18, 1704. 
 
 Petition by Captain Alfonso Rael de Aguilar, protector 
 of Indians, on behalf of those of the pueblo of San Ilde- 
 fonso, complaining that Captain Ignacio de Roybal had 
 acquired by grant all the lands on the other side (the 
 western side) of the Del Norte river opposite the pueblo 
 of San Ildefonso, in violation of the royal ordinances and 
 to the detriment of tlie Indians, to whom said lands had 
 belonged from ancient times and on which they had 
 squashes and melons planted at the time of making the 
 complaint. Captain Rael requests the governor to make 
 Roybal present his instrument of title for examination, 
 and to give to the Indians the four leagues of land to 
 which they were entitled, and compel Roybal to confine 
 himself to the lands which he had at the pueblo of Jacona 
 and at Santa Fe and other places. 
 
 This petition was presented to Acting Governor Juan 
 Paez Hurtado on September 18, 1704, and he immediately 
 ordered Roybal to produce his grant for examination. 
 
 This order was served on Roybal on the same day, and 
 the following day he appeared at Santa Fe with his grant, 
 a copy of which is attached to the proceedings. 
 
 This grant was made by the Marquis de la Nava de 
 Brazinas (Diego de Vargas) on March 4, 1704. 
 
 In the petition for the grant, Roybal had stated that he 
 wanted the lands "for a large and small stock and a horse 
 herd," which practically made it nothing more than a 
 request for a pasturage permit. He described the lands 
 as lying between the lands of the pueblo of Santa Clara 
 and the Caja del Rio (the Caja del Rio is the box canon
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 395 
 
 below San Ildefonso, sometimes called the Whiterock 
 Canyon), and the Rio Grande on the east, and the moun- 
 tain on the west. 
 
 The governor, in making the grant, called attention to 
 the fact that i\Iateo Trujillo had a grant extending from 
 the boundary of Santa Clara down to a place where he 
 (the governor) had halted with his camp; that from that 
 point Roybal's grant should extend toward the Caja del 
 Rio. 
 
 There was no act of possession following the grant. 
 
 On the same day on which he presented his grant for 
 examination, Roybal filed an answer to the petition of 
 Rael, in which answer he denies that his grant interferes 
 with the Indians. He says that he has never prevented 
 their pasturing their stock and horses on the land, but he 
 denies that they have ever cultivated any portion of it. 
 
 The acting governor, on September 19, 1704, ordered 
 Antonio de Aguilera Ysasi, in company with Captain 
 Cristobal de Arellano and two attending witnesses, to ex- 
 amine the land and see whether the Indians had ever had 
 on the other side of the river cultivated lands and an ir- 
 rigating ditch. 
 
 On September 22, 1704, Aguilera and others went to 
 the land in question and about three-fourths of a league 
 from the pueblo he found what was apparently a ditch 
 which came out of the river, and some land which ap- 
 peared to have been cultivated. The Indians stopped at 
 that point and told him that at that place, where some 
 evidences of a monument were discovered, the first Span- 
 iards had designated to them their boundary, before the 
 revolution of 1680. 
 
 Aguilera reported his examination to the acting gov- 
 ernor, and the latter, on September 25, 1704. ordered 
 Captain Cristobal de Arellano, chief alcalde of the dis- 
 trict, to measure one league in each direction (from the 
 pueblo?) and designate monuments for the Indians; that 
 the grant of Roybal should be understood to extend on- 
 ward from said monuments; that if the measurements to 
 be made by the alcalde should include any of the culti- 
 vated lands held by Matias Madrid, said measurements 
 should be understood as effective only from the pueblo as 
 far as ]\f adrid 's boundaries ; and if the parties were not 
 satisfied with tliis decision they might appeal to the new 
 governor, who was soon to take charge, or they might ap- 
 peal to the viceroy. 
 
 On September 28, 1704, the governor of the pueblo of
 
 396 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 San Ildefonso, Matias Cuntzi, and other officers of the 
 pueblo, presented a statement by their protector, Rael, 
 setting forth that they had occupied the lands in dispute 
 before the Spaniards abandoned the kingdom (in 1680), 
 as could be shown by the evidence of an old Spaniard 
 named Domingo Martin, who knew that Father Antonio 
 de Sotomayor, formerly minister of the pueblo, had 
 planted them; and that Father Felipe Rodrig-uez, another 
 minister of the pueblo, and Father Francisco de Sandoval 
 also had planted them, and during a time of great famine 
 had compelled the Indians to plant there in order to have 
 food for their subsistence; that they had determined to 
 plant the same lands in the coming year, when they dis- 
 covered that Roybal had received a grant covering the 
 lands. 
 
 They further stated that their old monument could be 
 found a little beyond a place where they had built a house 
 and a tower, and that evidences of their former ditch and 
 cultivated lands could still be seen, although they were 
 dim, as the lands had not been cultivated for ten years. 
 They ask that they be given the customary measurements 
 and that monuments be erected to mark their boundaries. 
 
 The acting governor made an indorsement on this state- 
 ment, to the effect that he had already taken the steps 
 necessary in the matter, and ordered it to be attached to 
 the other proceedings in the case. 
 
 On October 9, 1704, the alcalde, Cristobal de Arellano, 
 in compliance with the orders of September 25, went to 
 San Ildefonso to make the measurement of the league. He 
 notified Roybal of the governor's order in the premises in 
 order that Roybal might be present, but the latter declined 
 to come. Arellano then measured one league to the north, 
 half a league to the south, half a league to the west, and 
 another half league on the east. His reasons for not com- 
 pleting the full league in three of his measurements are 
 so badly expressed as to make his meaning very doubtful. 
 I am inclined to think' that he meant to say that the meas- 
 urements in question included only the cultivable land, 
 and that the rest of it was of no value, except for fuel. 
 However, I am not perfectly certain what he meant. The 
 one thing that is perfectly clear is the distance measured 
 toward each of the cardinal points. 
 
 The document ends in this way, without any approval 
 of the measurements by the acting governor.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 397 
 
 1340 ORDER, August 25, 1705, by Governor Francisco 
 
 Cuervo y Valdez. 
 
 Prohibiting all Spanish citizens from residing in Indian 
 pueblos, or even entering them without express permission 
 from the governor, and commanding any citizens who 
 were then living in the pueblos to leave them, and to re- 
 move therefrom all their property. 
 
 This order was made public at the pueblo of Taos on 
 August 28, 1705, by Felix Martinez, chief alcalde of that 
 district. 
 
 1341 TESTIMONIO of an Order of Don Ignacio Flores 
 Mogollon, Governor and Captain-General, giving di- 
 rections to General Antonio Valverde, El Paso, to lo- 
 cate the Sumas Indians, dated November 10, 1712. 
 
 This archive has a magnificent signature of Captain 
 Koque de Pintto, the secretary of government and war. 
 The Sumas Indians to be located in pueblos. 
 
 1342 ORDER, by the Viceroy of New Spain, October 22, 
 1704, directing his compliance w^th a decree of the 
 King relative to the giving of lands to Indians, pre- 
 venting their being compelled to work without com- 
 pensation, etc., said decree bearing date, October 15, 
 1713. 
 
 With this order is a copy of an opinion of the attorney-gen- 
 eral at Arispe, to the commandant-general, relating to cer- 
 tain modifications of the laws of the Indies in regard to 
 Spaniards and mixed bloods living in Indian pueblos ; said 
 copy being directed to Don Juan Bautista de Anza, then 
 governor of New Mexico. 
 
 The opinion was dated at Arispe, January 23, 1783, 
 and the copy made on the next day. 
 
 Accompanying the copy of the opinion is a letter of 
 transmittal from the commandant-general, De Croix, to 
 Governor Anza, dated January 24, 1783. advising him that 
 in the future he will be governed by the opinion of the 
 attorney-general. 
 
 The last paper in this archive is a copy of the foregoing 
 opinion, made by Governor Anza. to be circulated and 
 promulgated throughout the province, followed by a cer- 
 tificate of the alcalde of each district to the effect that he 
 had publicly proclaimed the same.
 
 398 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 1343 STATEMENT by Alfonso Rael de Aguilar, at the 
 
 Pueblo of Santo Domingo, on June 8, 1722. 
 
 That he had been ordered by Governor Juan Domingo de 
 Bustamante to call together the Indians of Santo Do- 
 mingo and Cochiti for the purpose of investigating the 
 facts connected with a suit brought by the Santo Domingo 
 people against those of Cochiti in regard to certain lands 
 sold by Doiia Juana Baca to the latter ; that with this end 
 in ^dew, he summoned Miguel de San Juan, her son, who 
 stated that the lands which his mother had sold were on 
 the other side of the river (the Kio Grande), and were 
 not included in the lands in dispute, as would appear by 
 the deed of sale made by his mother in virtue of her grant 
 titles, which documents were in the possession of the Co- 
 chiti Indians; that he thereupon ordered the Indians to 
 produce the documents, which they did; that their in- 
 spection showed that on February 20, 1703, Pedro Rodri- 
 guez Cubero, the governor of New Mexico, made a grant 
 to Dona Juana Baca of a tract of land on the other side 
 of the Del Norte river between the two pueblos, and that 
 she had received the royal possession thereof quietly and 
 peaceably; that he then called upon the Indians to state 
 which were the lands about which they were disputing; 
 that they replied that they were on this side of the river 
 midway between to the two pueblos; that thereupon he 
 proceeded to measure one league from the cemetery of the 
 Santo Domingo church straight toward the pueblo of Co- 
 chiti, making a temporary mark at the termination of the 
 league ; that he then measured one league south from Co- 
 chiti, and between the termination of that measurement 
 and the one made northward from Santo Domingo there 
 was a distance of 1,600 varas ; that this space between the 
 extremities of the two leagues he divided equally between 
 Santo Domingo and Cochiti, the Indians being perfectly 
 satisfied with the arrangement, and certified copies of the 
 proceeding being given to both parties. 
 
 1344 CERTIFIED STATEMENT by Juan Paez Hurtado, 
 
 dated at Santa Cruz, on June 10, 1724. 
 
 That he had received a message from the governor of 
 New IMexico directing him to ascertain whether Mateo 
 Trujillo had ever settled on the tract of lands granted to 
 him in the year 1700 by General Cubero, on the other side 
 of the Del Norte river, between the pueblos of Santa 
 Clara and San Ildefonso ; that he had called together the
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 399 
 
 principal Indians of "said Pueblo" (which pueblo?) and 
 had administered the oath to them; that they had stated 
 that on two Sundays Trujillo had erected a cross, and on 
 Wednesday of that week he had put up two forked poles, 
 which Paez had seen when he made the measurements in 
 order to give the Indians their league, as they had only 
 2,200 varas of land on which they were planting, the 
 land being theirs and they always having planted it, as 
 was shown by an ii-rigating ditch which was on the tract, 
 and they not having in any other direction any place they 
 could plant, there remaining for Trujillo, from the In- 
 dians' boundaries to the table-land, about three hundred 
 varas ; that the chief alcalde swore to the same thing that 
 the Indians did — that Trujillo had never settled on the 
 land; that the Indians who swore to it were Juan, the 
 governor, Felipe Cherpe, and Juan the general, and that 
 the whole pueblo swore to the same, etc., etc. 
 
 1345 BALTAZAR ROMERO. Deed to Pueblo of Santa 
 
 Ana. The sale was annulled by Governor Cruzat y 
 
 Gongora, Mafrcli 1, 1734. 
 
 The date of the sale by Romero does not appear, nor is 
 the land accurately described ; it is stated that it is a 
 tract of lands and a grove situate on the other side of the 
 river and that it belonged to Bernalillo, a very ancient 
 settlement of Spaniards; that the sale was to the prejudice 
 of the settlement and contrary to the royal laws; that if 
 Romero wanted to sell the land he must sell it to Spaniards 
 and not to the Indians, or any community of Indians, 
 etc. 
 
 The notice of this annulment was served on the parties 
 to the sale by the chief alcalde of Bernalillo, on March 
 11, 1734. 
 
 1346 DIEGO GALLEGOS. Deed; Grant: uncertified 
 
 copy. 
 
 The grant was made by Governor Don Juan Domingo de 
 Bustamante on January 13, 1730, to Diego Gallegos, a 
 citizen of Bernalillo, for a piece of land opposite Santo 
 Domingo, on the other side of the river, the boundaries 
 of which were described in the petition as follows : ' ' On 
 the north side by the old Pueblo of Cochiti, which is in 
 the mountain ; on the south a spring of water, which is in 
 the small Canada which comes down to the little house 
 called Cubero 's ; on the east by the road which comes down
 
 400 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 from Jemez to San Felipe; on the west by the lands of 
 Santo Domingo." 
 
 Possession was given by the chief alcalde, Andres Mon- 
 toya, after having summoned the Santo Domingo and Co- 
 cliiti Indians to be present and offer any objections they 
 might have and after they had stated that the grant was 
 not to their injury. 
 
 The deed was made by Maria Josefa Gutierres, widow 
 of Diego Gallegos, and by her children, to the Indians of 
 the pueblo of Santo Domingo, November 28, 1748, and 
 conveyed the same property that was granted to Diego 
 Gallegos by the Governor Bustamante on January 13, 
 1730. 
 
 1347 PUEBLO OF SANDIA. January 23, 1748. 
 
 This archive consists of five separate papers. The largest 
 of these is a certified copy of proceedings in connection 
 with the decision of the question whether future mission- 
 ary efforts among the Moquis should be carried on by the 
 Franciscans or the Jesuits. On the first page of leaf 8, 
 there begins a petition of Fr. Juan Miguel Menehero, who 
 asks for the tract of land on which is situate the aban- 
 doned mission of Sandia, in order that he might re-settle 
 it with the Moquis, who had come over from their country 
 in 1742 with his missionaries, and who were then living at 
 Jemez and other pueblos. This petition is followed by a 
 grant of land asked for made by the governor, Don 
 Joaquin Codallos y Rabal, on January 23, 1748. 
 
 Opinion of the auditor-general of war to the viceroy of 
 New Spain as to whether the missionary work among the 
 Moquis should be given to the Jesuits or to the Franciscans. 
 This archive is interesting as it refere to the Moquis having 
 participated in the revolution of 1680 and advising the re- 
 settlement of many abandoned pueblos in the valley of the 
 Rio Grande; also contains a petition by Fr. Juan Miguel 
 Menehero, asking for the abandoned tract of the Sandia 
 mission for the purpose of establishing the Moquis who 
 came over in 1742 with his missionaries Delgado and Pino, 
 and who were then living at Jemez and other puehlos. The 
 archive contains five documents; the one marked 1347-1 is 
 a call for a council of war to decide as to making war on 
 the Utes for having stolen the horse-herd of the Taos In- 
 dians. Date October 14, 1716. 
 
 1348 JUAN MONTES VIGIL: March 21, 1753. 
 
 This archive begins with a statement by Juan Montes y
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 401 
 
 Vigil, chief alcalde of Santo Domingo, Cochiti, and San 
 Felipe, advising the governor of the province that the 
 Indians of San Felipe had arranged with the heirs of 
 Cristobal Baca to purchase a tract of land at Angostura 
 for 900 pesos, and suggesting that the matter be carried 
 through regularly and the Indians be protected against 
 imposition and fraud ; that the governor should appoint 
 one or two honest and competent persons to appraise the 
 land in question. 
 
 This petition was presented to Governor Don Tomas 
 Velez Cachupin at Santa Fe, March 21, 1753, and he at 
 once issued his order covering the matter, appointing 
 Miguel INIontoya of Atrisco and Geronimo Jaramillo of 
 Los Corrales as appraisers and directed the chief alcalde, 
 Miguel Lucero, to take the sworn statements of the ap- 
 praisers, separately, after they had examined the land. 
 
 The depositions of the appraisers show that they con- 
 sidered the lands were not worth more than 600 pesos, 
 and when this information was laid before the governor, 
 he immediately issued an order giving detailed directions 
 how the sale should be made and the money (600 pesos) 
 paid over by the Indians. The order also shows that the 
 governor was familiar with the customary methods of de- 
 frauding the Indians at that date, and did not intend 
 that they should be imposed upon. The document is full 
 of interesting details. 
 
 The result of the governor's action was that the owners 
 of the land sold it at the price fixed by the appraisers 
 and the Indians paid for it in cattle, sheep, bucksins, 
 and other articles of barter, there being little or no money 
 in the kingdom at that time. 
 
 The vendors executed a deed to the Indians, April 24, 
 1753, the deed being found on the last two leaves of the 
 manuscript. The lands are described: "And said lands 
 are at the place called the Angostura immediately con- 
 tiguous to the Pueblo and IMission of San Felipe and on 
 the other side they adjoin the ranch and lands of Cristo- 
 bal Martin, deceased." 
 
 1349 PUEBLO OF SANTA ANA; purchase of lands from 
 Quiteria Contreras, wife of Jose de Jesus Montano 
 ^\ddow of Cristobal Martinez Gallego, and from her 
 son, Mariano Martinez, et al. 
 
 The statement of the boundaries locates the tract east
 
 402 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 of the Rio Grande and other recitals place the town of 
 Bernalillo west of the river at that date. 
 
 It appears from these proceedings that the Santa Ana 
 Indians appeared before the chief alcalde, Don Bernardo 
 de IMiera y Pacheco, and informed him that they desired 
 to buy from Quiteria Contreras a tract of land "which 
 is on the other side (of the river) from Bernalillo," 
 and the prospective vendors also appeared and agreed to 
 sell. 
 
 The alcalde ordered each party to select a person to 
 act as an appraiser of the lands. The Indians selected the 
 militia ensign, Pablo Salazar, and the vendors selected 
 Juan Bautista Montano, who were sworn by the alcalde. 
 
 The lands were measured and valued at 3,000 pesos, ac- 
 cording to prevailing prices. The sum was paid by the 
 Indians in bulls, cows, oxen, sheep, goats, horses, the 
 animals contributed by each Indian being set forth in a 
 list which forms a part of the proceedings. 
 
 The deed was made on July 7, 1763, and the property 
 sold is described as being "on the west side by the Rio 
 del Norte, on the east to the foot of the Sandia mountain, 
 on the north the half of the Angostura, where a cross is 
 placed adjoining the properties of the Pueblo of San 
 Felipe ; on the south by the three cottonwood trees which 
 are below the house where said deceased used to live, and 
 from the said cottonwood trees the straight line follows 
 from northeast to southwest to join and re-unite said 
 lands with those which said natives have purchased which 
 formerly belonged to Miranda, and from said cottonwood 
 trees in the direction of the south they reserve, without 
 selling, a piece of land which was sold to said deceased by 
 Josef a Baca, deceased," etc. The "said deceased" was 
 Cristobal IMartinez Gallego, first husband of Quiteria Con- 
 treras. 
 
 The sale was approved by the governor. The Indians 
 were ordered to put up permanent monuments, which they 
 did. 
 
 This archive shows that in 1763 Bernalillo was on the 
 ivest side of the Rio Grande. Pp. 1, 2, 3, 8, and 9 ; q. v. 
 
 1350 DECREE. October 31, 1769. Location of the Sumas 
 Indians. 
 
 Don Pedro de la Fuente [rubric] ; Don Tomas Velez 
 Cachupin, Governor and Captain-General; Don Carlos 
 Fernandez; Don Joseph Maldonado.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 403 
 
 The founding of a pueblo of Sumas Indians at San Lo- 
 renzo el Real. 
 
 1351 PUEBLO INDIANS. San Ildefonso; Santa Clara. 
 Lands. 
 
 Felipe Tafoya, as attorney for the Indians of San Ilde- 
 fonso, filed a protest with the governor of New Mexico 
 against the occupancy of certain lands belonging to the 
 Pueblo league by Spaniards who claimed to own them. 
 
 The Indians alleged that during the administration of 
 Governor Pedro Rodriguez Cubero their old people had 
 loaned a house lot to Mathias Madrid, in order that he 
 might erect thereon a house; that not only did he build 
 a house, but also began to cultivate lands notwithstand- 
 ing their protests; that finally he offered to sell the lands 
 to them, but they refused to buy because the lands were 
 already theirs; that he then sold them to Juana Lujan, 
 whose heirs were still in possession, her son, Juan Gomez, 
 having built a house so close to the pueblo that his culti- 
 vated land adjoined the garden of the Indians next to the 
 pueblo ; that on the other side of the river and within the 
 pueblo boundaries Marcos Lucero, a citizen of Ojo Cal- 
 iente, also had built a house, under the pretext of being 
 an heir of Francisco Lujan, deceased ; that although it was 
 true that the latter had bought a piece of land of an In- 
 dian of San Ildefonso the people of the pueblo had made 
 complaint because of the damage done to their planting 
 lands by the cattle and horses of said Lujan and others, 
 and Governor Francisco Marin (Francisco Antonio Marin 
 del Valle) had ordered that the Indian should return 
 what he had received for the land, but the Indian not 
 being able to do so, an Indian from Tesuque named Fran- 
 cisco "El Coyote," put up the money by consent of the 
 pueblo, said Francisco being interested in the lands be- 
 cause he had married a daughter of the interpreter of the 
 pueblo ; that after said INIarcos Lucero received the money 
 it had not been possible to get him to leave the place, and 
 he was still there to the inconvenience and damage of the 
 Indians; that also, west of the pueblo and within the 
 boundaries of the grant, some of the commons of the 
 pueblo had been granted to Pedro Sanchez, who also had 
 built a house, and although the Indians protested against 
 this grant at the time it was made, no attention was paid 
 to them, and they had suffered great injury because of the 
 stock belonging to Sanchez and that of other persons who 
 claim title under said ranch ; that in addition one Antonio
 
 404 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Mestas, a citizen of Charaa and son-in-law of Sanchez, 
 proposed to establish a ranch on the other side of the 
 river, opposite the Caja del Rio, at the only place where 
 there is a practical descent from the Pajarito mesa, etc. 
 
 In \dew of all this the Indians asked relief from the 
 damage they suffered and that their league in three direc- 
 tions should be protected and given to them. 
 
 The governor, Cachupin, acted and commissioned, Feb- 
 ruary 4, 1763, Don Carlos Fernandez to examine the 
 grants or titles under which IMatias Madrid had sold to 
 Juana Lujan ; to measure the distance from the church in 
 the pueblo to the ranch ; to measure also toward the ranch 
 of Marcos Lucero, ejecting the latter from the land for 
 which the price had been returned without permitting 
 him the slightest recourse; to examine the site of the 
 ranch of Pedro Sanchez as to whether it is on lands which 
 belong or ought to belong to the pueblo ; to notify Antonio 
 Mestas not to build a house or make a settlement at the 
 only point for a watering place on the Rio del Norte and 
 to report to the governor what he had done. 
 
 On February 17, 1763, Fernandez, chief alcalde of San- 
 ta Cruz at the time, made report that he had notified the 
 heirs of Juana Lujan and that they had exhibited to him 
 a grant given to Matias INIadrid by Don Pedro Rodriguez 
 Cubero, the possession being given by Roque Madrid with 
 a decree by Don Juan Paez Hurtado; also a deed by 
 ]\Iatias Madrid to Juana Lujan, made before Captain Se- 
 bastian Martin, and re-validated by the inspector, Juan 
 Paez Hurtado; and also a certified copy of a decision 
 made by the same officer. The alcalde ordered the docu- 
 ments attached to the proceedings in the case. They are 
 found on leaves 5 to 9 of the archive in question. 
 
 On February 17, 1763, Fernandez measured the dis- 
 tance from the gate of the cemetery in the pueblo, which 
 gate faced the east, to the boundary of the land claimed 
 by the heirs of Juana Lujan, a distance of 2,200 varas 
 and continuing the measurement in the same direction 
 (east) to the boundary which said heirs recognized as 
 separating them from the lands of the heirs of Ygnacio 
 Roybal, there was a further distance of 1,650 varas. This 
 last boundary was an arroyo, the nearest one to the prin- 
 cipal house of Juana Lujan. From the measurements it 
 is evident that the lands claimed by the latter 's heirs were 
 within a distance of 3,850 varas from the gate on the 
 east side of the San Ildefonso cemetery. 
 
 On the 18th, Fernandez began at the north wall of the
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 405 
 
 church in San Yldefonzo and measured directly toward 
 the house of Marcos Lucero and at a distance of 4,372 
 varas he came to the boundary of the land claimed by said 
 ' ' Lucero and other heirs of Francisco Gomez del Castillo. ' ' 
 Thence continuing the measurement in the same direction 
 a distance of 628 varas he arrived at a point 5,000 varas, 
 or one Spanish league, from the point of beginning. This 
 distance took in the house and all the lands, except 61 
 varas, claimed by the heirs of Gomez del Castillo. These 61 
 varas reached the boundary of Juan Esteban Canjuebe, a 
 citizen of Santa Clara. 
 
 While this party who had been present at this measure- 
 ment were all together on the lands which had been pur- 
 chased by IMarcos Lucero (they were purchased by Fran- 
 cisco Lujan) under whom Lucero claimed by right of in- 
 heritance (see the protest at the beginning of the pro- 
 ceedings) the verbal statement was made by the Indian 
 from Tesuque, Francisco (El Coyote) that from the time 
 he paid the money back to IMarcos Lucero the latter had 
 not planted the lands, which as a matter of fact were be- 
 ing planted by Francisco, although Lucero was living in 
 the house which he had built, not on the lands purchased 
 but on those he had inherited. 
 
 Also, on February 18, 1763, Fernandez began at the 
 western wall of the cemetery of San Ildefonso and meas- 
 ured west therefrom a distance of 3,200 varas, at which 
 point he was north of the house of Pedro Sanchez. He 
 then continued the measurement west 1,800 varas further 
 to the end of the league of 5,000 varas belonging to the 
 pueblo. 
 
 In closing the proceedings for that day the alcalde uses 
 the following language: "From measurements it results 
 that there remains to the natives of this said Pueblo all that 
 which the two extremities of the north and west measure- 
 ments comprise as far as the mountain, which might be 
 four leagues in length, for coimnons between the two di- 
 rections mentioned. ' ' 
 
 On February 20, 1763, the alcalde summoned before 
 him Antonio Mestas, whom the Indians had accused of 
 intending to establish a ranch on the other side of the 
 river at the only place where there was a practical descent 
 from the Pajarito mesa. The alcalde informed Mestas 
 of the order of the governor and Mestas said that he 
 would obey it ; that neither then nor at any time had he 
 intended to settle the place. 
 
 Having complied with the orders of the governor the
 
 406 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 alcalde returned the papers to him and the governor 
 sent them all to the Indians in order that they might! 
 make any statement they saw fit in support of their con- 
 tention, 
 
 Felipe Tafoya, as attorney for the Indians, made an- 
 * swer for them stating that he had examined the grant 
 
 made to Matias Madrid by Governor Cubero and also the 
 deed made by Madrid to Juana Lujan and he did not ad- 
 mit the value of these documents ; that he called attention 
 to the decision (see leaf 9 of his archive) in favor of 
 Madrid, dated September 27, 1704, which clearly showed 
 the justice of his client's contention, for said decision 
 stated that the grant made by the Marquis of Naba Bra- 
 cinas to Ignacio Roybal w^as made to the injury of the 
 Indians; that that being true with how much more reason 
 did the Indians claim that they were injured by the grant 
 made to Madrid, for the measurements made by the al- 
 calde, Madrid, showed that Fernandez' grant was further 
 within their boundaries than that made to Roybal. 
 
 The answer made by Tafoya and the other papers were 
 sent to Juan Gomez and Marcos Lucero, heirs of Juana 
 Lujan, on February 28, 1763, for reply thereto. 
 
 The reply was signed by Juan Gomez del Castillo. He 
 denies the statement made by Tafoya, in first presenting 
 the case, that the Indians had loaned the land to Matias 
 Madrid in order that he might build a house thereon. He 
 says that the grant which he had already exhibited proved 
 the contrary; that from the date of the grant to the date 
 of his reply it had been duly held and cultivated without 
 interference by those claiming under it, and he remarks: 
 "If ten years of possession in good faith give a right to 
 the possessor, how much more do sixty-odd years give it to 
 us." He makes quite an argument on the facts developed^ 
 in the case. 
 
 On November 3, 1763, the papers were again ordered 
 to be sent to the attorney for the Indians, Felipe Tafoya, 
 and he made another argument for the Indians. 
 
 Following this is an order of November 12. 1763, by 
 Governor Velez Cachupin, directing that the proceedings 
 be transmitted to the licentiate, Don Fernando de Torija 
 y Leri at Chihuahua, in order that he give a legal opinion 
 on the points involved. 
 
 The opinion requested is dated October 27, 1764, and, 
 after a brief review of conditions existing, amounts only 
 to a suggestion as to the best and most practicable man- 
 ner of settling the dispute in an equitable way and with-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 407 
 
 out encouraging the same class of controversies in other 
 pueblos. 
 
 The licentiate says, in substance, that the best way to 
 settle the matter would be to give the Indians from the 
 unoccupied lands on the north and west, an amount suffi- 
 cient to make up what they are lacking to complete the 
 full amount to which they were entitled. He also ap- 
 proves the action of the governor relative to the house 
 which Antonio Mestas was accused of intending to erect 
 on the land of the Indians and suggested that monuments 
 should be erected and that the Spanish citizens be or- 
 dered to keep their stock outside of those boundaries un- 
 der the gravest penalties. 
 
 This opinion is followed by the decision of the govern- 
 or, dated April 12, 1765, which is in effect a grant of 
 lands west of the pueblo to the Indians thereof. He says : 
 ' ' In view of the fact that on the west, directly toward the 
 mountain, there are lands free and unoccupied, there is 
 granted to the Indians of the Pueblo of San Ildefonso all 
 the extent necessary and of which they may be in need 
 for pasturing their large stock, of which they have an 
 abundance, and big herd of horses necessary to the 
 rendering of royal ser\ace, there being included in 
 their property the ranch that was called that of Pedro 
 Sanchez, now unoccupied, situate in the valley of the little 
 arroyo which they call Los Guages ; and as to what relates 
 to the north side, along the edges of the river, upward, 
 the house constructed by Marcos Lueero, a citizen tres- 
 passing on the boundaries of the cultivated land of said 
 Pueblo of San Ildefonso, may be destroyed, or the said 
 house may be remain for the benefit of the said Pueblo, 
 to serve as a boundary and stable and known landmark;" 
 etc. 
 
 At San Ildefonso, on April 24, 1765, the substitute 
 chief alcalde, Antonio Jose Ortiz, in compliance ^^^th the 
 order of the governor called together the people of the 
 pueblo, their attorney, and all the heirs of Juana Lujan 
 and announced to them the decision of the governor. 
 Thereupon the Indians stated they were in conformity 
 with the decision as to the eastern and western sides, but 
 not as to the northern, because the house of Marcos 
 Lueero, which was designated to them as a boundary, was 
 in the midst of the lands which they liad always recog- 
 nized as theirs, for the boundary which they had always 
 recognized had been an arroyo which had been pointed 
 out to them by Governor Juan Paez Ilurtado; that if
 
 408 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 their landmark should be fixed at that arroyo, they would 
 be satisfied. The heirs of Juana Lujan and Francisco 
 Lujan stated that with regard to the boundary with which 
 the Indians were satisfied they still desired to make fur- 
 ther representations, and the heirs of Pedro Sanchez made 
 the same statement. 
 
 The next paper in the proceedings is a statement by 
 Felipe Tafoya, on behalf of the Indians, that if they 
 should be given the arroyo designated by General Juan 
 Paez Hurtado, for their boundary on the north they 
 would be satisfied with the decision as to the eastern and 
 western boundaries. He further stated that the Indians 
 said that the monument erected by order of Juan Paez 
 Hurtado had been taken away, but at the foot of the 
 monument they had buried in the ground some stones, in 
 the form of a cross, and that those possibly might still be 
 found, but even if they could not be found the Indians 
 knew the place where they had been buried to mark the 
 boundary. 
 
 On June 10, 1756 (1765) Governor Velez Cachupin or- 
 dered the Indians to exhibit some documentary evidence 
 of the measurements which they claimed had been made 
 by Governor Paez Hurtado, and also he directed the substi- 
 tute chief alcalde, Don Antonio Jose Ortiz, to make an ex- 
 amination as to whether the stones placed in the form of 
 a cross could be found. 
 
 On July 21, 1765, the substitute chief alcalde proceeded 
 with the examination ordered, having first asked the In- 
 dians to exhibit the instrument that was given to them 
 at the time the boundary was established and to state the 
 names of the witnesses who were present on that occa- 
 sion. To this request the Indians responded by present- 
 ing a document which forms leaves 21 and 22 of the manu- 
 script, the purport of which will be referred to later. The 
 substitute chief alcalde, accompanied by the Indians, the 
 heirs of Francisco Gomez del Castillo, and by Domingo 
 Vigil, who had been summoned as a witness at the request 
 of the Indians, and who had taken part in the proceedings 
 described in the document just presented by the Indians, 
 went to the place where the latter said stones had been 
 buried in the ground. Some of the stones were visible, 
 and when the others were uncovered it was seen that they 
 had been buried in the form of a cross, as the Indians had 
 stated. Domingo Vigil then said to the Indians that the 
 boundary which he had pointed out to them was not 
 there, to which the Indians replied that it was the same
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 409 
 
 one which they had established by command of General 
 Paez Hurtado. When the Indians were asked if he had giv- 
 en them a document they said that they did not know for 
 they were mere boys at that time, but they were certain it 
 was the boundary which was designated by him. 
 
 This man, Domingo Vigil, whom the Indians had sum- 
 moned as a witness, and who, when confronted with the 
 stones set in the ground in the form of a cross, denied 
 that such was the place he had designated, was the chief 
 alcalde (formerly) of Santa Cruz, and while filling that 
 office, had acted officially in a matter which was set forth 
 in a document signed by him and dated April 2, 1731, 
 which document had been presented to the alcalde, An- 
 tonio Jose Ortiz, July 21, 1765, by the Indians and which, 
 as before stated, forms a part of archive 1351, being 
 found on leaves 21 and 22 thereof. 
 
 It is shown in this document that the Indians of San 
 Ildefonso made some sort of a complaint to Governor 
 Bustamante about a grant made to Mateo Trujillo between 
 their pueblo and the pueblo of Santa Clara ; that the gov- 
 ernor sent for Domingo Vigil, then alcalde of Santa Cruz, 
 ordering an investigation of the boundaries and to see 
 that the Indians were paid for the work they had done in 
 taking out the irrigation ditch ; that when the alcalde 
 went to examine into the matter the Indians of Santa Clara 
 showed him a decree by Governor Paez Hurtado, June 9, 
 1724, in regard to a complaint they had made about this 
 same grant to Mateo Trujillo, by which it appeared that the 
 governor (Juan Paez Hurtado) had measured a league 
 south from the pueblo of Santa Clara, said Trujillo being 
 present, and had fixed as the northern boundary of his land 
 the lands of the pueblo of Santa Clara, and as his southern 
 boundary the slope of the San Ildefonso mesa. 
 
 Vigil states that in conformity with the decree of Gov- 
 ernor Paez he designated as a boundary on the north the 
 slope of the mesa which served as a southern boundary 
 of the lands of Mateo Trujillo ; that he commanded monu- 
 ments to be placed on the boundary, and they were placed ; 
 that the Indians agreed not to demand anything for the 
 work they had done on the irrigation ditch, provided the 
 lands should remain in the hands of Baltazar Trujillo or 
 Antonio Tafoya, and in case they wanted to sell them 
 they would sell to the Indians; and with the further un- 
 derstanding that in the meantime the Indians should 
 not be compelled to clean the ditch, all of which was 
 agreed to by Trujillo and Tafoya.
 
 410 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Following the foregoing, which is signed by Domingo 
 Vigil and two witnesses, is an approval of the agreement 
 between the Indians and the Spaniards, signed by Governor 
 Don Gervasio Cruzat y Gongora on July 6, 1732. 
 
 This is followed by another action of the same gover- 
 nor, April 7, 1736, showing that he had changed his mind 
 about the matter ; that he had come to the conclusion that 
 the agreement was prejudicial to the interests of the Span- 
 iards, because the Indians had not exhibited any grant 
 for their lands and consequently the lawful boundaries 
 thereof were not known with certainty; but he told both 
 parties to respect the boundaries which had been estab- 
 lished. 
 
 This concludes the document presented to the alcalde, 
 Antonio Jose Ortiz, on July 21, 1765, by the Indians of 
 San Ildefonso. 
 
 The examination ha\ing been completed by Ortiz, he 
 returned his report with the papers, and the governor, 
 February 6, 1766, referred them to the attorney for the 
 Indians, Don Felipe Tafoya. 
 
 Argument was now made by Tafoya in favor of the 
 Indians, whereupon. May 5, 1766, the governor rendered 
 a second decision. This is recorded in the records of the 
 county of Santa Fe, but it appears that a portion of it 
 is missing, but the most important features are recorded. 
 
 The governor decided that the land belonged to the In- 
 dians of San Ildefonso as far as the boundary established 
 by Governor Paez Hurtado, where the stones in the form 
 of a cross were found buried ; that if the owners of the 
 ranch, including the lands of Mateo Trujillo, should wish 
 to sell it at any time, they must give the Indians the 
 preference in the event they wanted to purchase ; that 
 any sale which might have been made to any person other 
 than the Indians was null and void. 
 
 Furthermore, the governor ordered the alcalde, Antonio 
 Jose Ortiz, to place the Indians in possession of the bound- 
 ary and to give them to understand that they could use, 
 hold, and enjoy the lands which had been usurped by the 
 Spaniards up to that point, which was to be marked by a 
 firm and permanent monument. 
 
 The next document is a petition by Ursula Guillen to 
 Governor Velez Cachupin, in which she alleges that she 
 had a ranch between the pueblos of San Ildefonso and 
 Santa Clara, which was bought by her deceased husband, 
 Francisco del Castillo, from Don Joseph de Orcasitas ; that 
 she had lived on said ranch in quiet and peaceful possession
 
 THE SPANISH AKCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 411 
 
 for twenty-six years; that she still holds possession in 
 spite of the fact that the Ute Indians had attacked the 
 ranch, killed two of her sons, and driven off her stock ; that 
 on the 20th of that month (apparently May, 1766) the 
 Indians of San Ildefonso had gone to her ranch while she 
 was engaged in planting, and had told her that Felipe 
 Tafoya had sent them an order that the lands of the ranch 
 should be partitioned among them by their governor ; that 
 in \dew of the fact that they exhibited no order from 
 Governor Yelez, and the notification was not brought by 
 any Spanish official, she had not permitted them to make 
 a partition of the lands until she could lay the matter 
 before the Spanish governor. She calls attention to the 
 fact that during a very long period the Indians had failed 
 to make any claim to the ranch when it had been sold and 
 had passed from the possession of one owner to another 
 and that at the time that her husband had been placed in 
 possession of it, the Indians had been summoned to ap- 
 pear and that the boundaries had been designated by 
 Domingo Vigil. In conclusion she states that in order 
 that the governor may understand the matter she trans- 
 mits with her petition four documents. These do not 
 form a part of this archive, and a subsequent statement 
 by Governor Yelez shows that he ordered that they be 
 returned to her. 
 
 This petition was examined by Governor Velez on ]\Iay 
 24, 1766, and he ordered that it and the four instruments 
 accompanying it be transmitted to Felipe Tafoya, that, 
 as attorney for the Indians, he might reply to the same. 
 
 This he did immediately, calling the attention of the 
 governor to the fact that the recitals in the instruments 
 referred to were not of a character to make clear the num- 
 ber of varas contained in the ranch, some of them con- 
 taining no mention even of the boundaries, or referring to 
 the original grant as giving that information, although 
 the said grant was not attached to the proceedings and 
 consequently was not available for the purposes of the 
 
 case. 
 
 In regard to one of the instruments, which he says did 
 mention the boundaries, as being on the north the lands 
 of the pueblo of Santa Clara and on the south the lands 
 of his clients, the people of San Ildefonso, he says that 
 this simply leaves open the question as to the exact loca- 
 tion of those boundaries and that nothing has been pre- 
 sented in the case which militates against the proof al- 
 ready adduced by the Indians in regard to their boundary
 
 412 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 being at the point where the stones were buried in the 
 ground in the form of a cross. 
 
 In conclusion he asks that the governor's previous de- 
 cision be carried into effect, and that after the landmark 
 shall be established at the proper point, the number of 
 varas from there to the house of Ursula Guillen be meas- 
 ured, as well as the distance from the house to the boun- 
 dary of the pueblo of Santa Clara. 
 
 On ^lay 24, 1766, Governor Velez reviewed the case and 
 ordered that his previous decision be carried into effect, 
 commanding the deputy alcalde and the attorney for the 
 Indians to proceed at once to place the Indians in pos- 
 session of their ancient boundary, and to measure from 
 there to the ranch house and from the latter to the bound- 
 ary claimed by the Santa Clara Indians, and to set forth 
 the whole matter in a proper document in order that the 
 claimants of the ranch might not thereafter trespass upon 
 the lands of the Indians. 
 
 On INIay 26, 1766, the substitute chief alcalde, Don An- 
 tonio Jose Ortiz, with Felipe Tafoya, attorney for the In- 
 dians, in the presence of the parties interested, and the 
 principal Indians of the pueblos of San Ildefonso and 
 Santa Clara, proceeded to comply with the order of the 
 governor. 
 
 At the point where the stones had been buried in the 
 ground in the form of a cross, a landmark of stones and 
 mud was erected and from said landmark a distance of 
 200 varas was measured in a northerly direction to the 
 corner of the house, and from said corner the measure- 
 ment was continued toward the north a further distance 
 of 126 varas to the boundary of the pueblo of Santa Clara, 
 making the total distance between the boundaries of the 
 two pueblos 326 varas. 
 
 On June 23, 1766, Governor Velez ordered that the 
 preceding instrument be attached to the other papers in 
 the case and that a certified copy of his decisions of April 
 12, 1765, and May 5, 1766, and also of his last decree of 
 May 24, 1766, be given to the Indians, as well as the pro- 
 ceeding immediately following that decree and the one 
 in which the order is given. He further ordered that the 
 original proceeding should be deposited in the government 
 archives.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 413 
 
 1352 EL CAPULIN. Proceedings as to occupation of by 
 Miguel Romero and Ms brother, Domingo Romero. 
 Santa Fe, April 11, 1765. 
 
 This manuscript contains first a communication from 
 Bartolome Fernandez, chief alcalde of the Queres Pueblos, 
 to the governor and captain-general of New Mexico, call- 
 ing his attention to the fact that certain citizens, named 
 Romero, were settling a place called El Capulin, near 
 the pueblo of Cochiti ; that the said place was the sum- 
 mer pasture grounds of the Cochiti Indians and other 
 people; that as long as Fernandez had lived in the king- 
 dom the place had never been settled and he had no knowl- 
 edge of any grant to cover the place in question. 
 
 On April 11, 1765, Governor Velez commissioned Fer- 
 nandez to visit the place in question and eject the persons 
 who were settling there. 
 
 Two days later Fernandez made report that he had in- 
 formed Miguel Romero of the order and had stated that he 
 would obey but he had certain statements which he would 
 make to that officer in regard to the matter. The report is 
 followed by a statement from Miguel Romero wherein he 
 says that he had had the place for five years and six 
 months and had not been interfered with until that year, 
 when it became known that he had bought those inter- 
 ests in the property that did not belong to him, which 
 had been paid for by him and his brother, Domingo 
 Romero. He states that he presents to the governor in 
 support of his claim a grant and a will left by his grand- 
 father, Andres INIontoya, and adds that the persons who 
 are opposing his occupancy of the land had an opportunity 
 to purchase the interests which he had acquired, but they 
 waited until he had bought them and then took advantage 
 of the occasion to give him trouble. 
 
 The grant referred to in Romero's statement is found 
 on leaves 5 and 6 of the manuscript, and the will, which 
 is a certified copy, made June 18, 1740, is found on pages 
 7, 8, and 9. 
 
 The grant, which was made August 18, 1789, by Gov- 
 ernor Gaspar Domingo de Mendoza, does not describe the 
 boundaries of the land, but the applicant, Andres Mon- 
 toya, stated in his petition that the tract was half way 
 beween the gardens of Cochiti and those of San Ildefonso, 
 on the other side (western) of the Rio del Norte. In 
 describing the boundaries he used the following h^nguage : 
 "Said tract is bounded on the north side by said gardens
 
 414 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 of San Ildefonso, and on the south by those of Cochiti, 
 being distant from each of the two mentioned places of 
 the gardens more than a league; and also it is bounded 
 on the east by the Rio del Norte and on the west by the 
 Cochiti mountains. ' ' 
 
 The act of possession, October 7, 1739, signed by Cap- 
 tain Antonio Montoya, chief alcalde of Santa Fe, has this 
 to say about the boundaries: "And I gave it (the pos- 
 session) to him with the same boundaries which he desig- 
 nates in his petition, as also his boundaries run on the 
 east the Rio del Norte, on the west by the high mountain 
 which runs from Cochiti, on the north one league farther 
 down from the last trees of the Indians of San Ildefonso, 
 and on the south one league farther up from the gardens 
 of the Indians of Cochiti." 
 
 In the margin, on the act of possession, is a note signed 
 by Governor Mendoza, showing that the grant had been 
 entered on the proper book in the archives. 
 
 The will, heretofore referred to, was dated June 17, 
 1740, one day prior to the making of the certified copy, 
 and in it the land in question is referred to on the third 
 page of the instrument. The testator, in describing two 
 tracts of land which he owned, refers to the second one in 
 these words: "And the other on the other side of the 
 river Del Norte, which I have not put under cultivation 
 because of my illness, which is between the gardens of the 
 Pueblo of San Ildefonso and Cochiti, the boundaries of 
 said tract being distant from each garden half a league." 
 
 Miguel Romero's statement transmitting this grant to 
 the governor and the will, is followed by an order of Gov- 
 ernor Velez, April 18, 1765, directing that his previous 
 order be carried into effect and that the parties be again 
 notified that under no circumstances should they have a 
 house or cultivated land on said tract. However, they 
 were permitted to run their stock on it, as did other cit- 
 izens, but this was to be done without injury to the Co- 
 chiti and San Ildefonso Indians. The chief alcalde of 
 Santa Fe, Don Francisco Guerrero, was directed to carry 
 this order into effect; and the governor further directed 
 that the grant and certified copy of the will filed in the 
 case by Miguel Romero be attached to the other papers 
 and be transmitted to the people of Cochiti and San Ilde- 
 fonso, to the owners of lands adjoining the Capulin Tract, 
 and to the officers of the cavalry company at Santa Fe, in 
 order that they might state anything favorable to their 
 interests.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 415 
 
 On the day this order was issued (April 18, 1765,) the 
 alcalde of Santa Fe, Don Francisco Guerrero, notified the 
 Romeros of the contents of the order and they stated that 
 they would obey, but also that they had certain matters 
 in their defense which they desired to lay before the gov- 
 ernor. 
 
 The next proceeding, in chronological sequence, is an 
 argument by Bartolome Fernandez, on behalf of the In- 
 dians, criticising the grant filed by the Romeros and 
 showing its defects, as well as those of the will filed, and 
 the inconsistencies existing between recitals in the latter 
 and others in the act of possession, with regard to the 
 boundaries. This argument is on leaf 10 of the manu- 
 script, and is followed by a note, signed by Fernandez, 
 transmitting the papers to the alcalde of La Caiiada 
 (Villa Nueva de la Canada de Santa Cruz) for the latter 's 
 compliance with the governor's order of April 18, 1765. 
 The entries by Fernandez are not dated. 
 
 On July 7, 1765, Don Manuel Garcia, the alcalde of La 
 Canada, reported that he had called together the San II- 
 defonso Indians and the citizens and informed them of 
 the order of the governor, to which they assented, saying 
 nothing whatever. 
 
 On October 1, 1766, Lieutenant Tomas Madrid and En- 
 sign Francisco de Esquibel, of the royal garrison of Santa 
 Fe, reported that they had examined the grant and the 
 boundaries therein stated, and had found out that said 
 boundaries did not include the commons used for the 
 horse-herd of the garrison. 
 
 Subsequently, Miguel Romero presented a petition to 
 the governor, asking that the proceedings in the case and 
 the instruments which he had presented be delivered to 
 him so that he might present his side of the controversy. 
 
 On April 22, 1767, Governor Pedro Fermin de IMen- 
 dinueta ordered his petition to be attached to the pro- 
 ceedings and delivered to Romero as requested. 
 
 Romero then made a statement of his case, alleging 
 their occupancy of the land was not prejudicial to the 
 Indians of Cochiti, because it was more than 31/2 leagues 
 distant from their pueblo and that in the space between 
 the two places, were situated more than 40 Spanish fam- 
 ilies. He says that these families do not in any way 
 damage the Indians, and asks why it should be thought 
 that he and his brother would injure them, etc. He says 
 that so far as San Ildefonso is concerned, no damages 
 result to that pueblo, which is distant about 31/2 leagues.
 
 416 THE SPANISH AKCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 He urges that if the documents he had himself presented 
 as evidencing his right to the place be considered as hav- 
 ing no value, his having kept his stock there for five and 
 one-half years is favorable to his contention, and he al- 
 leges great damages on account of having been prevented 
 making a settlement at the place in question. 
 
 On April 25th, Governor Mendinueta finally decided the 
 ease, saying in substance that having examined the pro- 
 ceedings and in view of the nullity of the grant appearing 
 on leaves 5 and 6 thereof, and the convincing arguments 
 of the alcalde, Bartolome Fernandez, on leaf 10, which 
 clearly showed that the possession given to Andres Mon- 
 toya was lacking in the necessary requisite of the sum- 
 moning of the owners of the adjacent lands, and also be- 
 cause of no settlement having beer made within the period 
 prescribed by law, the grant having been made in 1739, 
 and the attempted settlement made by Miguel Romero in 
 1765, and for other reasons proper to consider, declared 
 the grant to be of no value and that neither Andres Mon- 
 toya nor his heirs had acquired any right to the Capulin 
 Tract. He further decided that the fact that Romero had 
 pastured his stock on the tract gave him no right of prop- 
 erty therein, because it had been done without just title 
 {jitsto titulo) ; that he might use it in the same way that 
 it had been used by the natives of Cochiti and the ad- 
 joining citizens — as royal domain ; that neither Miguel 
 Romero nor anyone else should make settlement on or 
 have the ownership of the tract; that it should be held 
 and considered to be royal domain for the common use 
 of anyone who desired to pasture stock, without exclud- 
 ing Romero, who had been permitted so to do by Gov- 
 ernor Tomas Velez Cachupin by his decree of April 18, 
 1765. 
 
 In conclusion he ordered that Miguel Romero be noti- 
 fied of the decision and warned that he must not again 
 present petitions in bad faith, and advised that no ap- 
 peal would be allowed. 
 
 1353 PUEBLOS OF SANTO DOMINGO AND SAN 
 FELIPE. 
 
 Grant. Papers transferred to packet containing all pu- 
 eblo claims. 
 
 1354 PROCEEDING IN A DISPUTE between the In- 
 dians of Santa Clara and San Ildefonso and certain
 
 Facsimile of Si«natm'e of Captain Don Carlos Fernandez. 
 
 Faesimile of Signature of Colonel Don Pedro de Villasnr. 
 
 kiuzyyi , "^C^iy^^^ 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Captain Don Man- 
 
 uel Delgado. 
 
 Fai'simile of .Signature of Don Domingo de 
 Labadia.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 417 
 
 Spanish citizens relative to a ranch claimed by the 
 Spaniards lying between the two Pueblos. 
 
 The Indians of Santa Clara and San Ildefonso presented 
 a petition to the governor of New Mexico, complaining 
 that many years before some Spaniards had established 
 a ranch between the two pueblos on the western side of 
 the Rio del Norte ; and had trespassed upon their lands ; 
 that complaint had been made to the governor's prede- 
 cessors, but without avail ; that the pueblo of Santa Clara 
 had never had its league measured; that Fr. Sebastian 
 Anton, then deceased, a former minister of that mission, 
 having found in the possession of Juan Pubijua, a Santa 
 Clara Indian, an old document which cleared up the whole 
 matter, and the contents of which were entirely favorable 
 to the Indians, delivered the same to them ; that they sent 
 it to the governor, who, after having examined it, returned 
 it to them, and they gave it back to Juan Pubijua, who 
 was living away from the pueblo as a Spanish citizen ; 
 that, having then learned that when the governor returned 
 the paper to them he said to the persons who brought it 
 back that if the Indians had any right or request to make 
 they should make it in a formal manner, they invited his 
 attention to it in order that he should compel the return 
 of the paper to them, and in case the paper should not 
 be found, they asked that the league be measured south 
 from the pueblo of Santa Clara, and another league be 
 measured north from the pueblo of San Ildefonso for the 
 purpose of ascertaining whether in the intervening space 
 there was room for a Spanish ranch. In conclusion they 
 asked the governor to decide the matter as he believed to 
 be just and also to approve their selection of Carlos Fer- 
 nandez as their attorney in the case. 
 
 This petition was presented to Governor Juan Bautista 
 de Anza, at Santa Fe, IMay 6, 1786, and the selection of 
 Fernandez was approved and directed the alcalde of La 
 Caiiada, Don Jose Campo Redondo, in company with 
 Fernandez and in the presence of the governors and prin- 
 cipales of the two pueblos, and the occupants of the ranch 
 in question, to proceed to measure with a waxed cord, 
 one hundred varas in length, one league south from the 
 cross in the old cemetery at Santa Clara; and the same 
 distance north from a like point in the one at San Ilde- 
 fonso, placing at the termination of the two lines perma- 
 nent landmarks, which, for the lack of stone and mortar, 
 were to consist of inclosures of cedar stakes driven into
 
 418 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 the ground, two varas in circumference, and filled in with 
 four or five cart-loads of stone, so that they could not 
 easily be removed. 
 
 In case any land remained between the two landmarks 
 it was to be measured, and the number of varas it con- 
 tained was to be stated in the report of the alcalde. 
 
 On May 10, 1786, the alcalde proceeded to comply with 
 the governor's orders, but states that because he could 
 not find any wax with which to wax the cord he had to 
 moisten it. He says that the distance of 5,000 varas (one 
 league) measured south from the cross of the cemetery of 
 the old church in Santa Clara, included the residence of 
 the citizens who claimed the ranch and that the same dis- 
 tance measured north from San Ildefonso overlapped the 
 first measurement 39% varas, so that each of the two 
 leagues w^as 19 varas and li/o quarters short. [His calcu- 
 lation is erroneous.] 
 
 After the alcalde's report had been returned to the 
 governor, the latter, May 13, 1786, sent it to Carlos Fer- 
 nandez that he might make any statements which he 
 deemed in the interest of his clients. Fernandez made an 
 argument in favor of the Indians, stating that in view of 
 the fact that the two leagues over-lapped, it was incredible 
 that any predecessor of the governor had made a grant 
 to any citizen of the lands belonging to the two pueblos, 
 unless the same had been based upon a deceptive and 
 fraudulent report; that any sales which had been made 
 did not avail anything, because, if the first vendor had no 
 right, neither had his successors, etc., etc. He goes into 
 the question of the character and extent of the lands 
 owned by the Santa Clara people and other matters, all 
 of which, in view of the final decision of the case, do not 
 appear to be of sufficient importance to be set forth. In 
 conclusion he prays the governor to eject the citizens 
 from the lands and to declare the lands the property of 
 the two pueblos. 
 
 This argument was transmitted by the governor. May 
 16, 1786, to the occupants of the ranch, who made answer, 
 among other things alleging that the lines had not been 
 correctly measured; that the cord had not been waxed 
 and that it was old and patched up with a leather strap ; 
 that it broke on two occasions because of being drawn too 
 tight ; that the measurement made toward the north from 
 San Ildefonso was not made from the cross in the cem- 
 etery, but along the lower side of the wall of the garden 
 of that pueblo; that their statements could be proved by
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 419 
 
 witnesses, who did the measuring. They also referred to 
 proceedings had in the time of Governor Velez, when Car- 
 los Fernandez, then chief alcalde, made what they refer 
 to as the first measurement (see archive 1351). They 
 further stated that subsequently Don Felipe Tafoya. who 
 was acting as attorney for the Indians of San Ildefonso, 
 came to hunt up the old boundary and found the one 
 which the Indians said had been established by order of 
 Governor Juan Paez; that at that time the Indians had 
 been asked to produce any documents they had. and they 
 answered that they had none, but were bound by that 
 anciently established landmark; that the said landmark 
 as then established left the ranch in question 326 varas. 
 (This statement is confirmed by the proceedings of ^May 
 26, 1766, by the substitute alcalde, Don Antonio Jose Or- 
 tiz.) (See archive 1351.) 
 
 There are other matters touched upon by the statement 
 of the occupants of the ranch, but they are of small con- 
 sequence and not worth setting out here. 
 
 On May 19, 1786, Governor Anza, after having consid- 
 ered the allegations and recitals contained in the docu- 
 ments, but which are not attached to this archive, ordered 
 the lines re-measured by the same alcalde, Don Jose 
 Campo Redondo, who had measured them on the 10th of 
 the same month ; in this second measurement he ordered 
 that a waxed cord be used. He also directed that the 
 space occupied by the houses in San Ildefonso which inter- 
 fered with running a line straight north from the beginning 
 point in that pueblo, should be carefully measured and 
 included in the distance to be measured toward Santa 
 Clara. 
 
 On May 22, 1786, the alcalde, Campo Redondo, meas- 
 ured, with a waxed cord, from the beginning point in the 
 pueblo of Santa Clara in a southerly direction toward 
 San Ildefonso, and at the end of 50 cords, equal to 5,000 
 varas or one league, discovered that the measurement was 
 118 varas short of the previous measurement, made ]\Iay 
 10th. In order to decide whether this difference was the 
 result of a mistake in the last measurement, he measured 
 from the point he had just reached back to the cross in 
 the cemetery at Santa Clara, and found the distance to be 
 50 cords of 100 varas each. 
 
 On the following day he went to San Ildefonso to 
 measure the league north from that pueblo. He stated 
 that being at the point of beginning, it was not possible 
 to measure a line straight north without cutting a hole
 
 420 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 through the wall of the church ; that he laid out an offset 
 line in order to avoid the church and other rooms of the 
 convent, and thus measured 50 cords toward the north, 
 and at the end of that distance was 118 varas short of the 
 measurement previously made; that, therefore, between 
 the ends of the two lines measured respectively from 
 Santa Clara and San Ildefonso, there was a space of 236 
 varas; that at the ends of the two lines just mentioned, 
 two stakes were driven into the ground as temporary 
 marks. 
 
 The report of the second measurement was transmitted 
 to the governor, who. May 26, 1786, transmitted it and the 
 four documents, filed by the ranch claimants, to the at- 
 torney for the Indians. 
 
 The latter made a very long argument for the Indians, 
 with the conclusion that under the royal laws of Spain 
 they were entitled to the lands in dispute, and praying 
 for a decision by the executive to that effect. 
 
 On ]\Iay 30, 1786, the governor sent all of the proceed- 
 ings to the claimants of the ranch and they made another 
 statement in regard to the matter, alleging that they had 
 been injured in the second measurement by the cord be- 
 ing three-fourths of a vara too long, it having been made 
 so by the attorney for the Indians, who took it away from 
 the men who were doing the measuring and lengthened it ; 
 that when ]\Iiguel Quintana protested against this to the 
 alcalde, the latter refused to allow him to make any state- 
 ment about it ; that this could be proven by Quintana and 
 the witnesses from whom the cord was taken in order to 
 be altered in length, etc. 
 
 On June 3, 1786, the governor sent the papers to the 
 alcalde, Jose Campo Redondo, telling him to report in re- 
 gard to the alleged treatment of Quintana, and to return 
 the papers with the witnesses referred to by the com- 
 plainants. 
 
 The alcalde complied with this order June 6th, saying 
 that the allegation in regard to the measurement of the 
 cord was false, and that he had not failed to treat both 
 Quintana and all the other parties with justice. In con- 
 clusion he stated that he was sending it to the governor 
 with the witnesses requested. 
 
 On June 8th, the governor ordered Second Lieutenant 
 Jose Maldonado to take the depositions of the tv/o wit- 
 nesses, Juan Ignacio Mestas and Cristobal Maese. This 
 was done at once and the depositions taken fail to support
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 421 
 
 the statements made by the occupants of the ranch, but 
 corroborated each other and that of the alcalde. 
 
 On June 10, 1786, Governor Anza decided the case, re- 
 viewing the important features. His decision was that 
 the two pueblos were the owners of the lands included 
 within the leagues measured to them by the alcalde, Jose 
 Campo Redondo, on May 23, 1786, which was the date of 
 the second measurement ; that they were immediately to 
 proceed to erect landmarks at the proper points, in com- 
 pliance with his first decree ; that Marcos Lucero and the 
 other occupants of the lands in dispute between the two 
 pueblos, were to be limited, until some other decision of 
 the case, to the 236 varas that had been shortly before 
 measured; that if they desired to sell the land they must 
 sell it to the Indians of San Ildefonso if they wished to 
 purchase; but they must not keep on the land more than 
 four milch cows and the oxen necessary for tilling during 
 the season for cultivation; that if they \aolated this or- 
 der or moved the Indians' landmarks they would be sub- 
 ject to a fine of 100 pesos; that the chief alcalde, Jose 
 Campo Redondo, in company with the attorney for the 
 Indians, was to place all the parties in possession of the 
 lands respectively belonging to each; and that the Span- 
 iards were to pay all the costs of the proceedings and the 
 survey. 
 
 On June 19, 1786, the alcalde proceeded to carry into 
 effect the governor's order, Carlos Fernandez not being 
 able to be present because of illness and his place being 
 taken by Don Juan Ignacio Mestas. 
 
 At the points where the temporary marks had been set 
 up, the alcalde set into the ground heavy cedar posts in 
 the form of a square, two varas in length, and filled these 
 with about three cart-loads of stone in each; also at the 
 request of the Indians they were permitted to build a 
 wall of stone and mud about a vara in height as a bound- 
 ary line for the Spanish ranch, and the space occupied by 
 the monuments was on the land of the Indians. The 
 manuscript concludes with an entry by the alcalde sending 
 the proceedings to the governor. 
 
 1355 LETTER from Felipe Sandoval, dated August 28, 
 1812, to Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph Manrique, then 
 Acting Governor of New Mexico. 
 
 Sandoval states that the governor of the pueblo of Jemez, 
 and his lieutenant-governor, had appeared before him in
 
 422 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 the name of the pueblo and had complained that while 
 Don Antonio Armenta was the alcalde of that district he 
 had purchased a corn-field from an Indian of the pueblo, 
 named Cumpa; that this had been done without the 
 knowledge of the people of the pueblo, and that they did 
 not approve of it, but were willing to give an equivalent 
 and have it remain for the benefit of the pueblo ; that they 
 wanted Armenta to be compelled to compensate them for 
 all the pieces of land he had sold to various persons, be- 
 cause the lands belonged to the league which they held by 
 grant, which league they wanted to have measured and 
 marked by monuments; that they considered that they 
 had been injured to the extent of a very considerable part 
 of their land. 
 
 Sandoval requests the governor to give him orders as to 
 steps he should take to undo the wrong which had been 
 inflicted on the Indians, whose claim he considered just. 
 
 There is a marginal note, September 1, 1812, signed by 
 the governor, directing that the communication be trans- 
 mitted to the lawyer, Don Rafael Bracho, in order that 
 he give his opinion, and sending to him also a document 
 (deed?) in favor of the defendant, Don Antonio Armenta, 
 
 There are no further proceedings. 
 
 1356 PROCEEDINGS in a dispute between the Indians 
 
 of Santa Ana and those of San Felipe in regard to 
 
 certain lands claimed by both Pueblos. 
 
 The manuscript begins with a petition by Eusebio Mairo, 
 the governor of the pueblo of Santa Ana, to the protector 
 of the Indians, Don Felipe Sandoval, asking him to secure 
 for them the decision of a dispute between them and the 
 Indians of San Felipe, relative to certain lands which they 
 alleged they owned by purchase, but which the San Felipe 
 Indians have taken from them and sold to different per- 
 sons. They say that they complained about this matter 
 five years before, to the governor, but had received no 
 decision ; that, in the meantime the San Felipe people not 
 only had been selling the lands, but had been destroying 
 the timber ; that they had protested to the San Felipe peo- 
 ple against the cutting of the timber until it should be 
 decided to whom it belonged, but no attention had been 
 paid to their protests ; if there should be much more delay 
 in the matter all of the timber would be destroyed before 
 a decision could be had. 
 
 This petition, dated May 5, 1813, was transmitted by
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 423 
 
 Sandoval to the acting governor, Don Joseph Manrique, on 
 May 10, 1813, and on the same day he directed Don Jose 
 Pino, one of the alcaldes of Alburquerque, to investigate 
 and settle the dispute, summoning for that purpose the 
 alcaldes of Alameda and Jemez, and requiring the Indians 
 of both pueblos to present such documents as they had in 
 support of their claims respectively. 
 
 In a proceeding, dated May 13, 1813, Pino, after copy- 
 ing a letter of transmittal which he had received from 
 Governor ]\Ianrique, states that he had notified the alcaldes 
 and the representatives of the pueblos to assemble in the 
 neighborhood of the disputed lands on the day mentioned, 
 on the west side of the Rio del Norte; they did so and 
 showed him their documents. 
 
 He says that the document of Santa Ana described its 
 boundaries as follows: "That on the north side it is 
 bounded as far as the outlet of the Angostura, where there 
 is a trunk of a tree which the Indians cut down; on the 
 east by the Rio del Norte ; on the south by the junction of 
 the two rivers ; on the west by lands of the Pueblo itself. ' ' 
 
 He further says that the San Felipe document describes 
 the boundaries thus : ' ' On the east the Rio del Norte ; on 
 the west by the Cuervdllo ; on the north the boundary of 
 said Pueblo; on the south by lands of the Pueblo of the 
 Indians of Santa Ana." 
 
 After the alcalde had read to them these papers, the 
 Santa Ana Indians wanted their boundary at the trunk of 
 the tree mentioned in their documents, but the alcalde 
 says that the trunk was not in existence and no one present 
 could give any information about it, so he was governed 
 by the first boundary — "the outlet of the Angostura," 
 where a landmark of stone was placed, both pueblos and 
 the alcaldes being satisfied with it. 
 
 The headmen {pnncipales) of the pueblos stated that 
 they had no objections to make, but they did want to have 
 the boundaries on the other side of the river settled. 
 Consequently, May 14, 1813, at the request of the Indians 
 of Santa Ana, who had informed Pino that the principal 
 object of their complaint was to settle the boundary on 
 the east side of the river, he went there and examined 
 what he describes as a "pocket of old land" which had 
 been formed by the river at the time of a freshet, although 
 he could not learn at what date it had occurred. 
 
 He goes on to say that as the papers gave no information 
 about the boundary except that it was the edge of the 
 river, without explaining whether it ran to the Angostura
 
 424 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 from the west or the east, he saw no way out of the mat- 
 ter except to compromise it by a sort of rough estimate; 
 that after he had made this, they all said they were sat- 
 isfied ; that in accordance with this compromise line which 
 he established there were some pieces of broken land that 
 fell to the share of the Santa Anas, which were held by 
 various citizens of Angostura by purchase from individual 
 Indians of the pueblo of San Felipe ; that in view of this 
 fact Pino suggested to Don Cleto Miera y Pacheco (at 
 that time possibly chief alcalde of Alameda) that if any 
 of the purchasers should demand the return of the money 
 they paid to the vendors, the latter, if they had the means, 
 ought to pay it back, as Pino considered the purchases 
 made by the citizens had not been made in good faith, 
 because having bought only pieces of tillable land (with- 
 out any other right) they had availed themselves of the 
 use of the wooded and pasture lands, like owners thereof, 
 to the injury of both pueblos. 
 
 Having this view of the subject, Pino submits to the 
 governor's decision. He further states that the dividing 
 line he had selected was the Santa Ana ditch which was to 
 the west, toward the river, the other ditch going along the 
 hills to the east ; that the ditch divided the land in dispute 
 into two parts, the western part for the people of Santa 
 Ana and the eastern for those of San Felipe; that the 
 ditch did not run in a straight line from north to south 
 but made some curves ; that these fell to the share of one 
 or the other of the two parties according to their respective 
 sides of the ditch ; that in some of those which fell to the 
 share of the pueblo of Santa Ana there were some strips 
 of land planted in wheat, and that he informed the In- 
 dians of Santa Ana that they must not take possession of 
 those strips until after the wheat was harvested, but they 
 could take the other pieces; that both pueblos were sat- 
 isfied with this arrangement and settlement of the bound- 
 ary. 
 
 On JMay 21, 1813, the governor and lieutenant-governor 
 of San Felipe petitioned Felipe Sandoval, the protector 
 of the Indians, to present to the governor of New Mexico, 
 a statement of the injury they had received by the settle- 
 ment of the boundary question by the judge (Jose Pino), 
 who had been appointed to act in the matter by the act- 
 ing governor, the latter having taken cognizance of it on 
 the petition of the Indians of Santa Ana. They state that 
 the damage done to them was in connection with lands 
 which their ancestors had purchased from the heirs of
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 425 
 
 Cristobal Baca, deceased; that said lands were at Angos- 
 tura ; that the damage done them consisted in taking from 
 them lands which they considered to be theirs, including 
 both lands they had been cultivating and others which 
 they had sold by the consent of their superiors, and with- 
 out opposition on the part of the Santa Ana people ; that 
 the boundary had been established at the Bernalillo dam, 
 some 500 or more varas above the real Santa Ana bound- 
 ary. 
 
 In conclusion they request Sandoval to go to the tract 
 in question and inform himself as to the facts before 
 presenting the inatter to the governor. 
 
 On May 29, 1813, Sandoval appended to the foregoing 
 petition a statement to the effect that he had gone to the 
 Angostura and carefully informed himself about the mat- 
 ter, and was convinced that the complaint made was a 
 just one ; consequently he transmitted the petition to the 
 acting governor, requesting him to order that the Santa 
 Ana documents be produced in order that each party 
 might have given to him that which belonged to him in 
 accordance with the citation of the boundary of the An- 
 gostura in a straight line. 
 
 Under date of June 3, 1813, Acting Governor Joseph 
 I\Ianrique appended to the petition a marginal note, di- 
 recting Don Jose Maria de Arze, first ensign of the company 
 stationed at Santa Fe, to investigate and report upon the 
 matter. 
 
 On June 5, 1813, Arze, after having appointed two at- 
 tending witnesses, and in the presence of the alcaldes of 
 Alameda and Jemez, and the protector of the Indians, etc., 
 read over the proceedings which had been conducted by 
 Jose Pino, and asked the parties to the dispute if they had 
 any objections to make thereto. 
 
 The protector of the Indians, Felipe Sandoval, then 
 stated, on behalf of the San Felipe people, that they ob- 
 jected to everything appearing in said proceedings on the 
 second page of the second leaf ; that what they wanted was 
 that the boundary be given to them straight from north 
 to south, because of the irregularities occurring in the 
 ditch and river, and that the matter be settled according 
 to the recitals in the documents. 
 
 The Santa Ana people said that as they had not been 
 injured by what had been done, it might be given to them 
 in the way suggested, if it belonged to them, but in case 
 of any damage being done to them, they would demand
 
 426 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 that the documents be examined and that each party 
 should have what was his. 
 
 Arze says that when he asked the San Felipe people for 
 their documents, they failed to produce any one that fully 
 set forth the boundaries ; for the reason that they had 
 none ; but they did exhibit to him a certified copy of some 
 proceedings had by the chief alcalde of the pueblos of 
 Santo Domingo, Cochiti, and San Felipe (based on a grant 
 by Governor Don Tomas Velez Cachupin) in which the 
 following occurs: "Immediately adjoining the Pueblo of 
 San Felipe ; and on the other side they are bounded by the 
 ranch and lands of Cristobal Martin ; ' ' that upon examin- 
 ing the lands it turned out that the San Felipes wpre 
 trespassing on lands which the Santa Anas had bought 
 from the heirs of Cristobal Martin, as appeared by a certi- 
 fied copy (which the Santa Anas exhibited to him) which 
 stated that the original documents were in the govern- 
 ment archive; that having established substantial monu- 
 ments of stone and mud, it was acknowledged by both 
 pueblos that they were satisfied with them. These monu- 
 ments formed a southern boundary for the San Felipes 
 and a northern boundary for the Santa Anas, while a 
 thick Cottonwood tree which was asked for as a boundary 
 mark by the San Felipes, notwithstanding it was on lands 
 belonging to the Santa Anas, was denied them because 
 their request was unjust. 
 
 On June 6, 1813, Arze proceeded to examine into the 
 matter of the establishment of the Santa Ana ditch as a 
 boundary line between the two contending parties, which 
 line, it w^ill be remembered, was established by Jose Pino 
 May 14, 1813. He says that having asked for the docu- 
 ments of both pueblos, and it being clear from the San 
 Felipe document that the selection of the Santa Ana ditch 
 as a boundary line resulted prejudicially to one of the 
 parties at some points, and to the other at other points, 
 he took from among the papers of the Santa Anas a docu- 
 ment drawn up by the chief alcalde of the Queres pueblos, 
 Don Nerio Antonio Montoya, relating to a compromise be- 
 tween the headmen of Santa Ana and San Felipe as to the 
 lands which the river had taken away from them. From 
 this document it appeared that one-half of the space for- 
 merly occupied by the river had been partitioned to each 
 pueblo, the western side to Santa Ana and the eastern to 
 San Felipe, which arrangement had been satisfactory to 
 both towns. 
 
 Arze then made a reconnoissance of the land in question.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 427 
 
 searching for the landmarks of stone which the above men- 
 tioned document stated had been ordered to be set in the 
 ground from the point where the river had begun to 
 change its course to the point where it had returned to its 
 bed, but he found only one such landmark. He then made 
 an examination of the old river bed close to the hills on 
 the east, estimating about where its center was, and fol- 
 lowing its windings, and then having read to the Indians 
 the account of the establishment of the boundary along 
 the center of the old river bed by Don Nerio Antonio 
 jMontoya, he asked them if they would be satisfied wnth 
 the reestablishment of the line described. They replied 
 that they would, and that they wanted it done in the same 
 way in w^hich it had formerly been done. 
 
 Thereupon Arze proceeded to lay out a curved line 
 along what he calculated to be the center of the land 
 which had formerly been occupied by the river, marking 
 it with a great number of landmarks of stone and mud, 
 set into the ground and plainly visible. He instructed 
 the Indians to inspect these monuments frequently, to 
 make all their people acquainted with them, and if any of 
 them should be destroyed by the river or carried away by 
 any persons, they must immediately rebuild them, his ob- 
 ject being to secure the perpetuation of the line as he had 
 fixed it without regard to future changes in the course of 
 the river. 
 
 Arze then had the document above referred to properly 
 certified, signing it wdth the attending witnesses, the al- 
 caldes, and the protector of the Indians, and he also made 
 a copy of it for the San Felipes to keep in their possession 
 for their own protection. 
 
 After ha\dng reduced to writing his report of the pro- 
 ceedings, he inquired of all those present whether they 
 were satisfied with what he had done, and said that if 
 any one of them had any objection whatever to the man- 
 ner in which the case had been settled that he must speak 
 out and state his views. However, they all said that they 
 were satisfied, and had no opposition to offer, nor would 
 they again raise the question ; it being understood that if 
 it was again brought up, no attention would be paid to 
 them and they were to be bound by the proceedings just 
 had in the case. 
 
 Arze says that as the boundary which he had estal^lished 
 between the Santa Anas on the west and the San Felipes 
 on the east ran through some pieces of land which the 
 former had planted as a result of th.e partition made by
 
 428 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Jose Pino, and which pieces by the later adjustment of the 
 boundaries fell to the share of the San Felipes, and also 
 as the latter had sold to some citizens other pieces of land, 
 some by permission of the government and others without, 
 which pieces by the said adjustment now belonged to the 
 Santa Anas, he directed them respectively not to take pos- 
 session of such lands until after the crops should be gath- 
 ered; and he also told them that they must reimburse the 
 citizens who had bought lands of them and wh^ were now 
 losing them, either by giving them other lands or by pay- 
 ing back to them the sums they had given for them, and 
 that they should make deeds for the lands for the protec- 
 tion of their owners, said deeds to be approved by the 
 government. 
 
 On June 7, 1813, Arze reported his action to the acting 
 governor, saying that what had been done by Jose Pino in 
 regard to the lands on the west side of the river ought 
 to be approved, but what Pino had done on the east side 
 should be annulled and the l)oundary fixed by Arze on that 
 side should receive his approval. 
 
 On June 18, 1813, IManrique approved the proceedings 
 and ordered that they be filed in the archives. 
 
 1357 PROCEEDINGS in a dispute between the Indians of 
 Taos and some Spanish citizens who were occupying 
 lands within the boundaries of the grant claimed by 
 the Indians. 
 
 This manuscript begins with a petition by Jose Francisco 
 Lujan, governor of the pueblo of Taos, to the chief alcalde 
 Don Jose Miguel Tafoya, in which the Indian governor 
 states that whereas the king had given to them "a league 
 of land in the four directions," they wanted the alcalde 
 to deliver it to them, in order that their families might 
 spread out over the planting lands and have ample pastur- 
 age for their animals ; and that knowing that the citizens 
 who had usurped their lands would make damaging alle- 
 gations against them and that the Indians would not know 
 how to properly set forth their rights in the premises, they 
 had requested Fr. Benito Pereyro to represent them. 
 The petition ends with a prayer for justice. 
 Following the petition is a statement by the alcalde, 
 April 11, 1815, in which he expresses the opinion that the 
 Indians should apply for relief to the governor of tlie 
 Province, because the owners of the ranches inside the 
 Indian league would make so great opposition to the grant-
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 429 
 
 ing of their petition that the matter could not be settled 
 except by an order of the governor. 
 
 On April 18, 1815, Governor Alberto Maynez issued the 
 following decree : 
 
 "The league of five thousand varas measured from the 
 cross in the cemetery in all directions, of which His Ma- 
 jesty made grant to each town of Indians from the be- 
 ginning of its establishment, is in order that it be con- 
 served for the maintenance of its natives; so that they 
 have the use and can not give nor sell without permission 
 of the King; because of its being a patrimony or entailed 
 estate, so that no judge or governor has the power to sell 
 a part or the whole of said league. 
 
 "If it should result that for many years past or in any 
 manner whatever citizens may have intruded to plant and 
 build on the Indians' land, they ought to lose the work 
 done, leaving their ground free to them ; but as from this 
 grave injuries might result to the citizens, the chief al- 
 calde of Taos will temper equity with justice so far as 
 possible, hearing the parties and adjusting their differ- 
 ences in such manner that the natives shall not be left in- 
 jured in the compromise which they may make ; and Don 
 Felipe Sandoval, the Protector of the Indians, will set 
 forth after this decree whatever may occur to him in re- 
 gard to the present petition." 
 
 On the same day Felipe Sandoval, speaking on behalf of 
 the Indians, suggested that the matter might be settled by 
 a compromise, the citizens being given to undei-stand that 
 the tract belonged to the Indians' league and that those 
 who had made purchases within the tract had no right to 
 lands of the pueblo. 
 
 Following the suggestion of Sandoval is a note by Gov- 
 ernor Maynez, to the effect that if the planting permitted 
 to the citizens in the Arroyo Hondo marsh should ])e pre- 
 judicial to the Indians, the citizens should not be allowed 
 to plant; and the alcalde was directed to determine that 
 matter as might be most just and proper. 
 
 May 3, 1813, Pedro Martin, who apparently was the 
 alcalde of Taos, reported to Governor IMaynez what he 
 had done in the matter under consideration. He says that 
 he measured the league with an ordinary vara, and as a 
 result of the measurement the citizens were deprived of a 
 tract of land one thousand seven hundred varas wide, 
 from east to west, and three thousand nine hundred and 
 fifty varas, from north to south ; that all this land had 
 been improved by the citizens, and that included in it
 
 430 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 there were three villages with about 190 families, and also 
 a church, which the citizens had built. 
 
 The alcalde also states that the citizens had represented 
 to him that when the Cumanehes were on the war-path, the 
 Indians of Taos gathered the citizens together and treated 
 them with great kindness, in order to have their assistance 
 against the warlike Cumanehes; that in addition to this, 
 by a decree dated May 1, 1793, Governor Fernando de la 
 Concha ordered that the league be measured, and the cit- 
 izens representing the grants included within the league 
 agreed that the boundaries should remain at the customary 
 places wdth the obligation of the pastures being common. 
 
 Also the alcalde says that he proposed to the Indians 
 that they should allow the Spaniards to retain their houses 
 and ranches, and in consideration of that the Spaniards 
 should give them cattle and horses to the number of forty- 
 tive; that the Indian governor and his interpreter agreed 
 to it, but when they laid the matter before the Indians, the 
 latter not only refused the proposition, but abused them ; 
 that if the Spanish governor should decide that the citizens 
 were to lose their ranches which they had bought in good 
 faith, it was the alcalde's opinion that the Indians should 
 lose what they had bought to the prejudice of the heirs of 
 Sebastian Martin ; that these Martin lands would provide 
 a place for the Spaniards where they could be given other 
 lands equivalent to what they were losing. 
 
 In conclusion he says that the settlement of the Arroyo 
 Hondo would not injure either the Indians or the Span- 
 iards, because it was more than 10,000 varas distant from 
 the league. 
 
 On May 6, 1815, Governor Maynez issued the following 
 decree : 
 
 "By no means do I wish any wrong to the Indians of 
 Taos or to the citizens. My foregoing decree of the fif- 
 teenth of last April can not be changed, because it is just 
 and well founded; it is sufficiently ample for the alcalde 
 and the Rev. Father Missionary to average things so as 
 to leave them by compromise in permanent peace; and 
 the Arroyo Hondo will be settled by farmers, if it can be 
 done without prejudice to third parties." 
 
 On May 20, 1815, the alcalde, Pedro IMartin, and the 
 missionary priest, Fr. Benito Pereyro, made report to the 
 governor of what they had done in trying to bring about 
 a compromise between the Spaniards and the Indians and 
 also made certain recommendations in the matter. They 
 say that they urged the Spaniards to give the Indians fifty
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 431 
 
 horses and cattle in consideration of the landmarks being 
 left at their customary places; that the Indiai:s rejected 
 this proposal and demanded their league, etc. 
 
 They then state that in their opinion the league might 
 be given to the Indians, but the latter ought to pay for 
 the Spanish improvements and give to them the lands 
 which the Indians had purchased in the tract which for- 
 merly belonged to Captain Sebastian Martin ; that the 
 Indians have the best land in the Province, but do not 
 cultivate it at all, and rent portions of it to the Spaniards ; 
 that the latter, being the conquering nation, ought to have 
 those lands which the Indians do not improve or cultivate, 
 and also the Sebastian IMartin tract. 
 
 In conclusion they say that they would have decided 
 the case, had it not been that the Indians requested that 
 the governor should determine its merits; therefore they 
 transmit the papers with the statement made by the at- 
 torney for the Spaniards. 
 
 This statement. May 15, 1815, is directed to the alcalde 
 and is signed by Jose Romero, who states that he has been 
 appointed the defender of the citizens. He says that the 
 damage done to the citizens applies to forty-four tracts of 
 land and two villages containing about 200 families with 
 a church built by the Spaniards ; that the surrender of this 
 property would be an annulment of the grants made to 
 their forefathers in the name of the king; that they can 
 exhibit documents and deeds showing that they had pur- 
 chased the lands, and that furthermore, the Indians not 
 only permitted the making of the grants, but kindly 
 treated the Spaniards in order to get their assistance in 
 defending the pueblo against the savage Cumanches. 
 These are not the only arguments used by Romero, but 
 are probably the most important. He intimates that if 
 the Spaniards should be deprived of their property they 
 will be placed in a position of so hopeless character that 
 they may be driven to some act of desperation. This lan- 
 guage e\idently accounts for one of the statements in the 
 governor's final decree, which bears date May 22, 1815, 
 and is as follows : 
 
 "My foregoing decrees of the 15th of April and 6th ot 
 May cannot be better founded in principles of right and 
 justice, nor more expressive to the end of inclining the 
 parties to compromise and tranquility ; and if the alcalde, 
 the parish minister and Don Jose Romero find means of 
 placing them in permanent peace without claims by either 
 party, I give to them all of my authority for the purpose
 
 432 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 of mediation and compromise, for it is my intention that 
 there be no more writing and that it all be remedied by 
 verbal decisions, if it should be possible. 
 
 ' ' When matters are conducted by legal steps, and with- 
 out violence, there are no results to be feared, and to pro- 
 claim them is the same as to speak with little respect for 
 the lawful authorities. It is a matter which if it is not 
 cut short by a verbal decision, I shall take special care to 
 settle it without any order from the General Commandant 
 or from the Royal Audiencia, to whom, because of its 
 gravity, its decision belongs. This occasion I should not 
 wish to arise, considering the distance and the expense to 
 the parties, and I shall appreciate it if the parties make a 
 compromise for the good and tranquility of all, to which 
 I shall contribute in the eases in which the Indians of 
 Taos apply to me. But it being laid down as a principle 
 that their rights to the league which His IMajesty granted 
 to them are incontestable, it is to the interest of the citi- 
 zens to placate them, because if an ordinary trial be had 
 it appears that the right is on the side of the Indians." 
 
 This archive has been used in the courts of Taos county 
 in sustaining the rights of the Indians to the league of 
 land given them by the Spanish crown. 
 
 1358 LETTER from Juan Antonio Baca to Governor Al- 
 berto Maynez relative to a suit in regard to lands 
 claimed by an Indian named Quintana, who belonged 
 to the Pueblo of Cochiti. 
 
 The writer of this letter did not in all places express 
 himself with perfect clearness, but apparently the matter 
 he was discussing was in relation to a suit between his 
 family and the Cochiti Indian, Quintana, in which the 
 Indian had secured a favorable decision, or at any rate 
 seemed to have the better of the litigation up to the time 
 when Baca wrote his letter, ]\Iarch 14, 1815. 
 
 He says that he had received an order not to use the 
 land included within the landmark or monument which 
 Governor Jose Manrique had directed the alcalde, Juan 
 Jose Gutierrez, to build, wdiich he had done ; that, although 
 the suit had turned on the question whether the boundary 
 is farther above or farther below (some point understood 
 by the writer but not named) shortly before the governor 
 had ordered that the boundary be removed to where it had 
 stood in the beginning when the land had been purchased, 
 as was evidenced by deeds of sale which were in his pos- 
 session.
 
 Co 
 
 3fci>c^iyC^ 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Captain Fran- 
 cisco Trebol Navarro, Governor of New Mex- 
 ico, 1778. 
 
 Facsimile of Signa- 
 ture of Governor Don 
 Fernando de la Con- 
 cha, 1789-1794. 
 
 tT^^Wt TftCt/Xl^^^ 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Don Francisco Antonio 
 Marin del Valle, Governor and Captain-General, 17.54- 
 
 60. 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Don Pedro Fer- 
 min de Mendinuueta, Governor and Captain- 
 General, 1767, 1778. 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Don Tomas Velez 
 Caehupin, Governor and Captain-General, 1749- 
 17.54. 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of General Don .luan Buutista de 
 Anza, Governor of New Mexico, 1778 1789.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 433 
 
 Apparently the Bacas had lands and houses within the 
 boundary claimed by Quintana and were obliged to give 
 them up, so Baca says in his letter that they could do 
 nothing more than to demand reimbursement for their 
 property, which he estimates at a value of 4.000 pesos in 
 coin, and go elsewhere to find other lands. He refers also 
 to Don Pedro Pino as being a person familiar with the 
 case, and who could give the governor information about 
 the boundaries, as he had measured the pueblo league, and 
 had experience in other matters in the premises. 
 
 Concluding, he says that a short time before he had 
 gone to the governor of the pueblo to learn what he could 
 about the unfounded complaint that had been made by 
 Quintana, and the Indian governor had told him that he 
 knew nothing about it and the people of his pueblo did 
 not mix up in it; that only Quintana and his partisans 
 Were those who had made the trouble. 
 
 The location of the land is not fixed in the letter; as it 
 is dated at Pefia Blanca, it is possible the land was in that 
 vicinity. 
 
 1359 LETTER from Jose Gutierrez, dated at Bernalillo, 
 March 3, 1816, to Governor Alberto Maynez, in re- 
 gard to lands belonging to the Indians of Sandia, 
 which they had loaned to some Spanish citizens. 
 
 Gutierrez says that he had received the governor's de- 
 cree of the 23d of the preceding February, it having been 
 shown to him by the Sandia Indians along with a preced- 
 ing report by Don Felipe Sandoval, the protector of the 
 Indians, based upon information received from the In- 
 dians ; that the report is lacking in truth, and if the pro- 
 tector of the Indians had made a personal examination of 
 the premises instead of depending on hearsay, the Indians 
 would not have presented these unfounded charges. 
 
 Gutierrez discusses the matter with great detail. Ac- 
 cording to his statement the Indians, in the year 1814, 
 loaned to more than 20 Spaniards, who were poor and had 
 no lands of their own, certain pieces east of the Rio Grande 
 and about 2,000 varas from the intake of the Sandia irri- 
 gating ditch ; they were loaned for a period of five years. 
 Six of the Spaniards had built some huts on the land in 
 order to have some place in which to live while farming, 
 and in two years' time they had begun to get some re- 
 turn for their labors. Then the governor of the pueblo 
 began to make trouble and demand that the Spaniards
 
 434 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 give up the land, notwithstanding the fact that most of 
 the people of the pueblo were willing that they should 
 retain it to the end of the period of five years. He states 
 that he believes it proper tliat the Spaniards should be 
 allowed the use of the lands at least for the year 1816, in 
 order that they might have the benefits of three years' 
 worth of work of the five years; the latter period is, he 
 says, the customary one in the country, 
 
 1360 LETTERS (2). This consists of two separate docu- 
 ments. 
 
 One is a letter from Alberto IMaynez, who was a colonel in 
 the Spanish army and had been previously acting as gov- 
 ernor of New Mexico, dated September 17, 1817, and di- 
 rected to Felipe Sandoval, protector of the Pueblo In- 
 dians of New INIexico, stating that the attorney who was 
 defending the Indians in the City of ^Mexico, evidently 
 under the impression that jMaynez was still exercising ex- 
 ecutive powers, had directed to him the official communi- 
 cation which he was forwarding to Sandoval. 
 
 The other is the official communication referred to, 
 which is by Don Bias Abadiano, under date of February 
 8, 1817, to Don Alberto Maynez, acting governor of New 
 Mexico, requesting that the latter would have the Indians 
 of Cochiti make a petition for a certified copy of the deed 
 of sale which they made to Mr. Alencaster for the Cile 
 (Sile?) ranch and of the one which the latter made to the 
 Ortizes; also that they make another petition asking that 
 Captain Don Anacleto Miera Pacheco produce the order 
 which he received from Mr. Alencaster for them to sell a 
 ranch to Don Luis Baca, or to give information as to its 
 whereabouts and contents. 
 
 1361 PROCEEDINGS in land suit. 
 
 Copy made by Rafael Cuentas, special notary of the Royal 
 Audiencia of Guadalajara, of certain proceedings had in 
 that tribunal in connection with a suit about the annul- 
 ment of a sale of real property made by the Indians of 
 Cochiti, dated January 31, 1817. 
 
 It appears that the king's attorney, as protector of the 
 Indians, desired to push a suit in which the Indians of 
 Cochiti were interested, which related to the annulment 
 of the sale of the Pefia Blanca ranch, situate within the 
 Pueblo Grant and then occupied by Don Luis Baca and 
 also to the return to them of the ranch known as the Santa 
 Cruz Spring, which they had purchased in 1744, for the
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 435 
 
 sum of 1,500 pesos ; that not being able to verify all the 
 matters alleged by the Indians, the king's attorney asked 
 the Audiencia to require the governor of New :Mexico to 
 transmit all the papers at Santa Fe in any way relating 
 to the matter. This request of the attorney was made 
 January 16, 1817, and the Audiencia granted it the 25th 
 of that month. 
 
 At the end of this document, in the handwriting of the 
 governor, Pedro Maria de Allande, is the following: "An- 
 swered, and the Expediente transmitted on May 31, 1817. 
 
 "Allande" [rubric] 
 
 1362 DOCUMENTS referring to litigation then before the 
 Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara, between the In- 
 dians of Santo Domingo and Cochiti, one side, and 
 Don Antonio Ortiz and Don Luis Maria Cabeza de 
 Baca, on the other; the dispute with Ortiz being in 
 regard to the Sile tract, and that with Baca being in 
 relation to the Peiia Blanca and Santa Cruz tracts. 
 Rough drafts. 
 
 The entire document is in the handwriting of the gov- 
 ernor, Don Pedro Maria de Allande. 
 The first draft is that of an order by Governor Allande. 
 directing that the lands of the two pueblos be measured, 
 in order to settle the questions which had arisen between 
 them and their opponents. The order appoints a con- 
 siderable number of persons as commissioners, attending 
 witnesses, attorneys in fact, etc., and directs that the 
 measurements be made in accordance with the opinion of 
 Don Francisco Antonio de Landa, December 31, 1816. and 
 with a view to reporting the results to tlie Royal Audien- 
 cia. It is dated at Santa Fe, May 10, 1817. 
 
 The second rough draft is that of a proceeding an- 
 nouncing the conclusion of the rxpcdiente, and directing 
 that it be sent to the Royal Audiencia, in order that that 
 tribunal should decide the matter in dispute. This is 
 dated at Santa Fe, May 28, 1817. 
 
 It is stated that the proceedings made two books, one 
 of 84 leaves and the other of 51 leaves. 
 
 The third draft is of a letter of transmittal, dated INIay 
 31, 1817, sending to Don Rafael Cuentas. secretary of the 
 Audiencia, the expediente above referred to.
 
 436 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 1363 DOCUMENTS relative to Indians. 
 
 This manuscript is a copy of various documents in the 
 archives of the Royal Audiencia at Guadalajara, treating 
 principally of the need of having the Indians instructed 
 in Christian doctrine, and deploring the results which had 
 arisen from the action of the Spanish Cortes in abolishing 
 the teaching of the doctrine in the Spanish language by 
 Indians who had been instructed for that purpose, and 
 who were known in the pueblos as Fiscales de Doctriim. 
 
 The subject appears to have been called to the attention 
 of the Audiencia by communications received from the 
 local protector of the Indians of New Mexico, and inci- 
 dentally connected therewith are references to some land 
 matters affecting some of the New Mexican pueblos. 
 
 On page 1, of leaf 3, it is stated that the pueblo of 
 Santa Ana was situated on very bad land, and that its in- 
 habitants, in order to support themselves, were compelled 
 to farm lands on the Rio del Norte, at a distance of four 
 leagues from the pueblo ; that the Indians of San Felipe 
 had usurped some pieces of these lands without any au- 
 thority or right and had sold them to three or four Span- 
 ish citizens ; that the nullity of these sales was particularly 
 fixed by a decision of the Royal Audiencia made public in 
 the city of Guadalajara on April 19, 1817 ; that the mem- 
 ber of the Audiencia who was responsible for the pro- 
 tection of the Indians had requested, among other things, 
 that the governor of New IMexico be directed to restore 
 the lands in question to their rightful owners and to give 
 a hearing to the persons who had bought them, with a 
 view to providing other lands for them on the royal do- 
 main and entirely separated from the lands of the In- 
 dians. 
 
 This request was made March 26, 1818, and on the fol- 
 lowing day it was approved by the Audiencia. 
 
 The governor of New Mexico was informed of this ac- 
 tion May 20, 1818. Apparently no answer was received 
 from him, and assuming that the communication sent to 
 him had never been received, the present manuscript, con- 
 taining all the proceedings in the archive up to that time, 
 was prepared by the secretary of the Audiencia, Don Ra- 
 fael Cuentas, January 14, 1819. 
 
 1364 LETTER from Ignacio Maria Sanchez Vergara, 
 April 14, 1819, to Lieutenant-Colonel Facundo Mel- 
 gares (either Governor or Acting Governor of New
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 437 
 
 Mexico at that time) referring to communications 
 
 received from the Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara, 
 
 etc. 
 
 In regard to the land suit between Santa Ana and San 
 Felipe, etc., and suggesting as a solution of the dispute 
 that the two pueblos should abide by the action of Don 
 Jose Pino, deceased, and that the pieces of land included 
 within the boundaries established at that time should be 
 given to the Indians of Santa Ana; that the persons in 
 possession of the lands should give them up, and recover 
 the price they had paid for them from the Indians of San 
 Felipe, who had sold them. 
 
 In the margin of this letter, under date April 22, 1819, 
 is a rough draft of the reply to it. The governor says 
 that he has determined that the decision of the Royal 
 Audiencia shall be fully complied with without loss of 
 time. He directs Sanchez to go to the land in question, 
 and in company with the chief alcalde of Alburquerque, 
 who was to represent the governor, to make proper dis- 
 tribution of the lands ; also he tells him to tell the parties 
 in interest (holders of the land) that he will grant them 
 at Socorro better and more fertile lands than those they 
 are losing. 
 
 He adds that as the Indians of San Felipe probably 
 sold lands that did not belong to them, that it woidd be 
 well for them to make some suggestion as to the manner 
 in which they should make restitution for that which they 
 had taken mistakenly or improperly. 
 
 1365 PUEBLOS. Sales of Lands. 
 
 This archive contains eleven separate papers, eight of 
 which are numbered in red ink, thus "1365-1." The 
 other three are numbered, also in red ink, "1365-2." The 
 eight papers referred to have nothing whatever to do with 
 the Santa Ana or San Felipe pueblos or any other lands ; 
 they relate only to ecclesiastical matters. The three papers, 
 numbered "1365-2" relate to the dispute between the In- 
 dians of Santa Ana and those of San Felipe, arising from 
 sales made by the latter of lands belonging to the former. 
 The first of these three papers shows that Josef Mariano 
 de la Peha, chief alcalde of Alburquerque, had been com- 
 missioned by the acting governor of New Mexico, Don 
 Facundo Melgares, to carry into effect the decision of the 
 Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara in regard to the matter 
 in controversy ; that with that object in view he went to
 
 438 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 the land in question and on May 7, 1819, in the presence 
 of the litigants and the local protector of the Indians, 
 Don Ignacio Maria Sanchez Vergara, proceeded to 
 examine the boundary in dispute ; having done this and 
 having made inquiries as to the former situation of the 
 river, and having had exhibited to him a document made 
 by Don Jose Maria de Arze, dated July 6, 1813 (perhaps 
 June 6, 1813; see archive 1356), he finally came to the 
 conclusion that permanent landmarks should be estab- 
 lished along the eastern edge of the old bed of the Rio 
 del Norte to designate the boundary between the lands of 
 San Felipe and those of Santa Ana. He explains that his 
 reason for establishing the boundary along the eastern 
 edge of the old river bed was that when the river left 
 that bed and cut a new channel for itself farther west, it 
 damaged to that extent the lands of the Santa Anas, but 
 did not damage those of the San Felipes. 
 
 On May 8, 1819, Peiia inquired into the matter of the 
 sales made to Spaniards by the Indians of San Felipe. He 
 says that Don Juan Bautista Gonzales exhibited five 
 deeds, dated from 1782 up to 1816; that the sum of the 
 amounts paid for four different purchases, and one for 
 which there was no deed, amounted to more than 2,700 
 pesos in the current prices of the country, which sum had 
 been paid in sheep, cattle, horses, money, etc. ; that Gon- 
 zalez obeyed the order to surrender the land, but re- 
 quested that the vendors should return what he had paid 
 for it, or that he be given land on the royal domain, on* 
 the eastern side of the river, between the pueblos of San- 
 to Domingo and San Felipe. 
 
 Don Jose Francisco Silva, who also was willing to give 
 up the land he was occupying, stated that he was not its 
 owner ; that it belonged to Juan Estevan Pino, of Santa Fe, 
 in whose possession the deeds would be found. 
 
 Miguel Lopez, in obeying the order to vacate, stated 
 that it was not his ; that he was working it under a lease 
 from the owner, Don Pablo IMontoya, a citizen of Las Go- 
 londrinas, in the District of Santa Fe, who was in posses- 
 sion of the deeds. 
 
 Peiia notified Don Jose Garcia, Alonso Garcia, Juan 
 Domingo Archibeque, Pablo Archibeque, Diego Chaves, 
 Francisco Gutierrez, and Rev. Fr. Jeronimo Riega, some 
 of whom were absent and others ill, that they must return 
 the lands belonging to the pueblo of Santa Ana and that 
 in compensation they would be granted others at Socorro. 
 
 The second paper is a letter from Pefia to Melgares,
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 439 
 
 May 8, 1819, which in a general way reviews the action 
 taken and set forth in his report. He states that the pro- 
 tector of the Indians, Sanchez Vergara, and the Santa Ana 
 people, were satisfied with what he had done but the San 
 Felipe Indians were not; that to have settled it in any 
 other way would have been to the injury of the Santa 
 Anas who had already been damaged by the river chang- 
 ing its course, while the San Felipes had suffered no loss 
 on that account ; that the citizens understood that the 
 sales made to them by the San Felipes were declared to be 
 null ; that as there was not sufficient time for them to dig 
 new irrigating ditches that season on the lands wliich 
 might be given them in lieu of those they were giving up, 
 they requested that they might be allowed to plant and 
 gather on the latter the harvests of that year. 
 
 In the margin of the letter, under date, I\lay 11, 1819, 
 is the rough draft of the reply, in which it is stated that 
 the planting and harvesting of the crops is a matter which 
 the Santa Ana people may decide as they see fit. 
 
 The third paper is a letter, dated I\Ia.y 9, 1819, from the 
 protector of the Indians, Ignacio Sanchez Vergara, to INIel- 
 gares, covering about the same ground as the letter of 
 Peiia to the governor. 
 
 In the margin of the letter. May 11, 1819, is a rough 
 draft of Melgares' reply. He directs Sanchez to go back 
 with the alcalde of Alburquerque and make the San Felipe 
 Indians pay back the money they had received from the 
 persons to wdiom they had illegally sold the lands, or else 
 make restitution by giving them other lands. He says 
 that in case there are any lands belonging to the royal 
 domain between San Felipe and Santo Domingo, they 
 wall be given to the citizens who asked for them at that 
 place. 
 
 The last paragraph of this rough draft is not perfectly 
 clear; it seems, however, to mean that the Indians of 
 San Felipe were obligated to pay into the royal treasury 
 the amount they had illegally received from any Span- 
 iard, who, having given up to the Santa Anas the land 
 he had purchased from the San Felipes. subse((uontly liad 
 been given other lands in lieu thereof out of the roj^al do- 
 main. 
 
 1366 PETITION by Ignacio Sanchez Vergara, Protector of 
 the Indians, on behalf of the Indians of Santa Ana, to 
 the Governor of New Mexico, dated June 4, 1819.
 
 440 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 According to the statements of the protector, the In- 
 dians of Santa Ana, on account of the poor quality of the 
 land in the neighborhood of their pueblo, requested per- 
 mission to come down to the edge of the Rio del Norte, 
 where they had their planting lands, and there establish 
 the pueblo. They also offered to give for the lands at Al- 
 godones, in the San Felipe lands, the same amount which 
 the Indians of San Felipe had paid for them. They as- 
 sumed that the San Felipes did not need the Algodones 
 lands because they had made numerous sales of them to 
 citizens. 
 
 There is nothing to show that any action was ever taken 
 in this matter. 
 
 1367 PETITION by the Indians of the Pueblo of San Juan 
 to the Commandant-General at Chihuahua, request- 
 ing his protection in the matter of various abuses of 
 which they complain. 
 
 Relative to land matters they say they had learned of a 
 proclamation relating to the cutting down of the lands of 
 the pueblos; that their lands did not extend in a direction 
 as far as a league; that they, however, had been more 
 loyal vassals of the king than had the other pueblos who 
 had their leagues in full. 
 
 The entire document is badly composed, disconnected, 
 and is a rambling protest against any reduction of their 
 possessions, the payment of tithes, and being refused 
 burial in the church. 
 
 In the margin, under date October 11, 1821, is an order 
 of the commandant-general, Garcia Conde, directing the 
 acting governor of New Mexico to see to it that the Indians 
 were not molested in any manner, maintaining them in 
 the possession of their lands, and not permitting any 
 changes in the government of the pueblos, the preserva- 
 tion of the church, and the contributions they made for 
 that purpose. 
 
 This document contains a statement by the Indians of 
 San Juan giving the reasons why the title of '^Cahalleros^' 
 was given to them. 
 
 1368 PUEBLO OF ISLETA. Jurisdiction of, in August 
 16, 1822. 
 
 Jose Antonio Chaves Duran [rubric] ; Juan Gutierrez 
 [rubric].
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 441 
 
 1369 PUEBLO OF PECOS. 
 
 Question as to lands; contest with Domingo Fernandez 
 and others. 1830. Letter from Jose Maria Paredes, sec- 
 retary of the "Segunda Sala de la Suprcma Corte de 
 Justicia." Mexico, February 17, 1830, to Don Ramon 
 Abreu, secretary of the Diputacion Provincial. 
 
 A claim in regard to the title to lands by the pueblo of 
 Pecos which claim had been before the supreme court of 
 justice in the City of Mexico. 
 
 1370 PECOS INDIANS. 
 
 Petition relative to their lands, to the Diputacion. Pecos, 
 March 12, 1826. Alcalde Rafael Aguilar, Subteniente, 
 Juan Domingo Vigil, General Jose Manuel Armenta. 
 1730. Rough draft of letter to the supreme government. 
 
 Citizens to whom lands had been given at the pueblo of 
 Pecos must not sell them until the question of title had 
 been decided by the supreme government. 
 
 1371 REPORT as to the area of the Pueblo of Pecos, to 
 
 the Minister of the Interior, Mexico, October 10, 1826. 
 
 Draft of a report by the governor of New Mexico to the 
 minister of domestic and foreign relations giving informa- 
 tion as to the lands and the population of the pueblo of 
 Pecos and relative to the communal system of the Pueblos 
 generally. 
 
 1372 PETITION by three Laguna Indians, who acted by 
 
 authority of and in the name of the people of their 
 
 pueblo, asking relief in the matter of the interference 
 
 of the Acomas with their water rights. 
 
 The document is dated June 15, 1827, and complains that 
 the Acomas are interfering with the rights of the La- 
 gunas by enlarging the Acoma farming lands at Cubero, 
 thus impeding the flow of the water in the little stream 
 which flows from the Gallo spring, on which stream the 
 pueblo of Laguna is situated; that the Acomas have al- 
 ways bothered the Lagunas about the water, although the 
 governors (of New Mexico) had ordered the Acomas not 
 to shut off the water and to confine themselves to a limited 
 area of cultivated land so as not to interfere with the 
 flow; and that the Lagunas have always enjoyed the right 
 of preference to the water. 
 
 They ask that an end be put to further encroachment 
 on the part of the Acomas by declaring that the Lagunas
 
 442 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 are entitled to the preference in the use of the waters of 
 the stream. 
 
 In the margin of the petition, under date of June 25, 
 1827, there is an entry made in the office of the secretary 
 of the Territorial Deputation of New Mexico, signed by 
 Francisco Perez Serrano, a member and the secretary of 
 that body, directing that in accordance with the action of 
 the deputation the petition be transmitted to the jefe po- 
 litico (governor) in order that the proper steps to the 
 doing of justice should be taken. 
 
 1373 PETITION of June 15, 1827, by three Laguna In- 
 dians, acting by authority of and in the name of their 
 pueblo, asking relief from the enroachment of the Ce- 
 bolleta people on the Paguate ranch, which belonged 
 to the Lagunas. 
 
 The petitioners state that the pueblo of Laguna had 
 held the Paguate ranch from time immemorial, having 
 bought it from a native of the pueblo from whom the 
 ranch received its name ; that the people of Cebolleta were 
 trying to take the ranch from them and add it to the 
 lands they already had, and that they were being aided 
 in this by the ayuntamiento (town council) of Cebolleta; 
 that in view of this condition the pueblo of Laguna peti- 
 tioned the Territorial authorities to make to it a grant of 
 the ranch in question with the following boundaries : " on 
 the north by the grant conceded to Cebolleta, which is 
 the Gavilan tableland (]\Iesa Del Gabilan) ; on the south 
 by the league belonging to the pueblo ; on the east the 
 little butte called the Co jo (el Serrito nombrado del Co jo) ; 
 and on the west the limits of the pueblo of Acoma. " 
 
 The petitioners further state that they transmit with 
 their petition three documents, numbered respectively 1, 
 2, and 3. 
 
 In the margin of the first page of the petition is an 
 entry made in the office of the secretary of the Territorial 
 Deputation, dated June 25, 1827, and signed by Fran- 
 cisco Perez Serrano, a member and the secretary of that 
 body, directing that in accordance with the action of the 
 deputation the petition be transmitted to the jefe politico 
 (governor) in order that the proper steps to the doing of 
 justice be taken. 
 
 Document one (1), of the three above referred to, is a 
 communication from Lorenzo Romero, governor, Juan 
 Miguel Cacique, and Bias, war-captain, to the civil and
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 443 
 
 military governor of New Mexico, dated at Santa Fe, 
 August 28, 1826, stating that they appeared before him 
 with documents of the properties belonging to the pueblo 
 of Laguna, in order that he should give to them his of- 
 ficial approval, in order to avert future claims and in- 
 juries. 
 
 There is an endorsement on this communication, dated 
 August 28, 1826, signed "Narbona" (Antonio Narbona 
 was at that time the jefe politico, or governor, of New 
 Mexico) and in these words: "Let it be done as is re- 
 quested; returning all to the parties in interest for the 
 use which may be to their benefit." 
 
 Document two (2) is an undated copy, made by 
 Eusebio Aragon, of an original which he states was torn 
 and much handled, which original appears to have been 
 a document made on j\Iay 15, 1796. by Antonio Sedillo, 
 chief alcalde, in which he relates that one Pascual Pa- 
 jarito, who had a grant made by the governor (of New 
 Mexico) for a house and tillable lands, had attempted to 
 drive Juan Paguasti away from the latter's ranch, and 
 that Sedillo had called the parties together, with the 
 cacique and other principal men and had read to them 
 the act of possession which Pajarito had, and had settled 
 the dispute between them, Pajarito being entitled to his 
 house and tillable lands, but the pasture and wood lands, 
 which he had claimed as his, were declared to be common 
 to all. Sedillo says that he made the document as an 
 evidence of the settlement of the dispute; that Paguasti 
 was an older settler than Pajarito, and that the former 
 and his brothers were well behaved Indians, etc. Further- 
 more, Sedillo orders that the document be presented to the 
 governor on his general inspection tour, in order that it 
 might receive his approval. 
 
 At the end of the document is the following: 
 
 "Santa Fe, August 28, 1826. 
 "This document approved in so far as belongs to this 
 government, and according to the merit and formality 
 with which it appears. (Signed) Narbona [rubric] " 
 
 Document three (3) is made by Ignacio Maria Sanchez 
 Vergara, the official protector of Indians, on June 1, 1820, 
 at the pueblo of Jemez. 
 
 This officer states that the Indians named in the docu- 
 ment presented the same to Mm, which document had been 
 drawn up by the former alcalde, Antonio Sedillo. in re- 
 gard to a suit between Juan Paguate and Pascual Pa-
 
 444 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 jarito, in which the alcalde had ordered the disputants 
 to confine themselves to their individual holdings and 
 not to interfere with each other. 
 
 Then he goes on to refer to the fact that the pueblo 
 had acquired the Paguate ranch by "just title," and that 
 after the alcalde, Jose Manuel Aragon, had given the 
 possession to the people of Cebolleta, of the grant made to 
 them, the Paguate ranch still remained undisturbed with 
 its ancient boundaries, the boundary in the direction of 
 the new settlement (Cebolleta) being the table-land called 
 the Gavilan, with which the new Cebolleta colonists were 
 satisfied. 
 
 This is followed by a deal of language about the Pag- 
 uate ranch being about the only valuable land left to 
 the Lagunas, etc., etc., and finally Sanchez says that he 
 gives this document to the Indians for their protection. 
 
 Following the document is an endorsement in these 
 words : 
 
 "Santa Fe, August 28, 1826. 
 
 "This document approved in so far as belongs to this 
 government, and according to the merit and formality 
 with which they appear. (Signed) Narbona [rubric] " 
 
 1374 PETITION by Mariano Rodriguez to the Jefe Po- 
 litico of New Mexico, on his own part and in behalf 
 of the Indians of the Pueblo of Picuries protesting 
 against the giving of possession of lands within the 
 common lands of the Pueblo to Rafael Fernandez 
 and Miguel Gonzales, and requesting that the steps 
 already taken in the matter be revoked. 
 
 The petitioner says among other things, that it is the 
 custom of the parties whom he names to ask for the pos- 
 session of lands, and as soon as the same have been granted 
 to them to dispose of them, thereafter asking for other 
 lands with the intention of repeating the operation. 
 
 The petition is dated at Picurie, on May 14, 1829. 
 
 In the margin is an order dated June 5, 1829, signed 
 by Ramon Abreu, secretary of the Territorial Deputation, 
 setting forth the action of that body in regard to the mat- 
 ter. It is stated that the right of ownership to the lands 
 for which they had asked is not given to Rafael Gonzalez 
 [this is a mistake as to the name of the petitioner] and 
 his associates; that as soon as they harvest the crops 
 from the lands they were allowed to plant for that year.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 445 
 
 they shall go away from the place ; that the order direct- 
 ing this action be presented by the protestant to the 
 proper alcalde, who shall make it known to the parties af- 
 fected by it, and shall cause it to be complied with. 
 
 This paper is followed by another, dated ]\Iarch 4, 
 1830, which apparently is a report of a committee of the 
 Territorial Deputation, which, after reviewing and quot- 
 ing the decision of that body, dated June 6, 1829, reports 
 that the application of the petitioners ought not to be 
 granted. 
 
 There is also another report of another committee, 
 dated April 14, 1831, which simply amounts to an ap- 
 proval of the previous action of the Territorial Deputa- 
 tion and the report of the committee of March 4, 1830. 
 
 1375 DEPOSITION COPY, wliich was transmitted to the 
 Supreme Government, Dated July 1, 1829. The copy 
 bears the signature of Jose Antonio Chaves, who was 
 the Jefe Politico (or Governor) of New Mexico some- 
 where about that date. 
 
 The first part of the document is a copy of the deposition 
 of Don Andres Romero and Don Juan Jose Gurierrez, 
 taken at Bernalillo, May 18, 1829, on the petition of the 
 natives of Sandia, by the constitutional alcalde, Pedro 
 Jose Perea. 
 
 The deponents were respectively 69 and 66 years of 
 age. They state that for years they had known that the 
 "laTids in litigation" had no other owner than those of 
 the pueblo; that they also know, from information re- 
 ceived from, their forefathers, that when there was a great 
 famine among the Moquis a priest who had learned of it 
 reported the matter to the government, with a view to 
 having those Indians brought within the fold of the 
 Church ; that an adequate escort was sent to the Moquis, 
 and they were told that if they wanted to become Chris- 
 tians lands would be given to them upon which they could 
 support themselves ; that sixty odd families left the Moqui 
 pueblo, and having adopted the Christian religion, were 
 settled at the pueblo of Sandia. 
 
 The foregoing is followed by a somewhat complicated 
 and vague statement rather difficult to thoroughly under- 
 stand. However, I gather from it that the deponents 
 meant to state that the settlement of the Indians at Sandia 
 was made known to the citizens of Bernalillo and those of 
 Alameda, and that they agreed to it, with the understand-
 
 446 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 ing that the western boundary of the Indians' lands was 
 to be the Del Norte river; also it seems likely that the 
 lands herein before referred to as the "'hinch in litiga- 
 tion" were situated outside of the boundaries of the 
 pueblo of Sandia, and extended for half a league in the 
 direction of Alameda ; and that all this was understood 
 by the citizens, and for years the Indians had had no suit 
 in regard to said lands, and had not sold them. 
 
 The second part of the document is a copy of a deposi- 
 tion of Rafael Aliera, made at Bernalillo, May 15, 1829, 
 before the constitutional alcalde, Pedro Jose Perea. 
 
 The deponent states that he was 37 years old; that 
 some 12 or 13 years before the date of his deposition he 
 was at the house of his father-in-law, Don Eusebio Rael, 
 in company with some of his brothers-in-law, when Don 
 Ignacio Sanchez came to the house, and, after having 
 conversed for some time with Don Eusebio Rael, took 
 from his pocket the grant of the Sandia Indians ; that the 
 deponent saw that Sanchez was reading the grant, and 
 pinching out of it certain words and putting in others 
 with a pen he had in his hand; that also on that same 
 occasion deponent heard Sanchez say that now they could 
 bring suit for the lands claimed by the pueblo of Sandia, 
 and he promised Don Eusebio Rael that if he got the 
 land he would give him the half of it ; that while the suit 
 was going on deponent's brother-in-law asked him what 
 he was going to put up to assist in paying for the paper 
 and other expenses which might arise, and he replied that 
 in view of w^hat he had witnessed, he would not contribute 
 even half a real. 
 
 1376 PUEBLOS OF SANTO DOMINGO and SAN 
 FELIPE. 1831. 
 
 Grant to. Papers transferred to, reported No. 142. File 
 No. 200. 
 
 1377 COMPLAINT of Ursula Chaves. Santa Fe, July 5, 
 1835. 
 
 Dispossession of certain lands near Los Padillas. The 
 signature of Governor Perez is very finely executed. 
 
 1378 LETTER from Agustin Duran, Second Alcalde of 
 San ta Fe, dated at Santo Domingo, February 26, 
 1836, to Don Gregorio Sanchez, First Alcalde of San- 
 ta Fe. 
 
 Duran informs Sanchez that the attorney in fact of the
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 447 
 
 pueblo of Santo Domingo has laid claim to certain lands 
 on behalf of the pueblo, alleging that they had been 
 usurped by Don Antonio Ortiz; that said lands were at 
 the Sile ranch, which occupied a part of the league be- 
 longing to the said pueblo; and he requests Sanchez to 
 direct Ortiz to appear at Santo Domingo on the following 
 day, either personally or by attorney, to answer the charge 
 made against him and to restore to the Indians their 
 property. 
 
 Following this letter is the rough draft of Sanchez's 
 reply, informing Duran that Ortiz had gone to Pojoaque, 
 and on that account can not make a prompt appearance, 
 but that he would do so as soon as he returned to the city. 
 This rough draft is dated also on February 26, 1836. 
 
 In the margin of the first page is a memorandum show- 
 ing that the letter was sent to Ortiz, at Pojoaque, on the 
 27th of the same month. 
 
 1380 PROCEEDINGS in regard to the measurement of 
 the league to the north of tlie Pueblo of Santo Do- 
 mingo. 
 
 On August 23, 1844, ^Miguel Antonio Lobato, attorney 
 in fact for the pueblo of Santo Domingo, petitioned the 
 governor and commandant-general of New Mexico to or- 
 der a survey of the league belonging to that pueblo. He 
 represented that the old monuments which marked the 
 boundaries had been entirely destroyed; that because of 
 this his clients, the Santo Domingo Indians, had had fre- 
 quent disagreements with Jose de Jesus Sanchez, who 
 was occupying the adjoining lands ; that, with a view to 
 obviating such disagreements and in order to avoid a 
 ruinous suit, he requested the governor to order that the 
 league which had been adjudicated to them by the Span- 
 ish government be measured, after summoning the owners 
 of the adjoining lands; and that this be done in accord- 
 ance with the measurements made in the year 1815, by 
 Don Juan Jose Gutierrez, the alcalde of Alameda, who 
 had acted under orders of Don Alberto INIaynes, as ap- 
 peared by a document which the petitioner transmitted 
 with his petition, etc. 
 
 On August 26, 1844, Governor Martinez ordered the pre- 
 fect, Don Francisco Sarracino, to make the measurements, 
 after first summoning the owners of the adjoining lands, 
 in order to avoid future controversies. 
 
 On September 3, 1844, Sarracino, having previously
 
 448 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 summoned the owners of the adjoining lands, proceeded 
 to measure a distance of 5,000 varas toward the north 
 from the cross which stood in the center of the cemetery 
 at the pueblo of Santo Domingo. At the point where this 
 measurement terminated he ordered that the natives 
 should place a firm monument of stone, and he says that 
 in the meantime they dug two trenches in the form of a 
 cross, and filled them with stones, as a temporary mark 
 for the spot. Also he says that at that point there were 
 found the foundations of three monuments which had pre- 
 viously existed there; that some of the Indians had pre- 
 dicted that he would find these if he made the measure- 
 ment impartially and without error. 
 
 The report of the measurement was transmitted by Sar- 
 racino to Governor Martinez on September 8, 1844, and 
 on the 9th of October, of the same year, the latter or- 
 dered that a certified copy of the whole proceedings be 
 issued to the parties in interest, which was immediately 
 done. 
 
 1381 PROTEST of March 27, 1845, by the Indians of the 
 Pueblo of Isleta, against the granting of the Ojo de la 
 Cabra Tract to Don Juan Otero. 
 
 This protest is directed to the governor of New Mexico 
 by two Indians of the pueblo of Isleta, acting in behalf 
 of their whole community. It appears that they had 
 learned that the legislative body of New Mexico, the De- 
 partmental Assembly, had granted to Don Juan Otero a 
 tract of land situated at the Cabra spring, which tract 
 and spring they alleged had always been recognized as the 
 property of their pueblo. They strongly protest against 
 this violation of their rights, and request the governor to 
 lay their protest before the Assembly. 
 
 This was done, and on the same day of the date of the 
 petition that body ordered the prefect of the Third district 
 of the Department, in concurrence with the ayuntam- 
 iento, to report upon the matter, and at the same time to 
 direct the proper justice of the peace to do likewise. This 
 action of the Departmental Assembly is signed by its 
 president and secretary. 
 
 This is followed by the report of the prefect, Francisco 
 Sarracino, dated May 15, 1845, in which, among other 
 things, he says that the Cabra spring is outside of the 
 Isleta league ; that the land is not the lawful property of 
 any settlement ; that the spring is very small, and during
 
 ^ oS^ 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Don Jose Rafael Sarraeino 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Don Santiarto Abreu. 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Don Peiiro 
 Bautista Pino. Delegate from New Mexico 
 to the Spanish Cortes. 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Don r'arlos Beaul>ien. 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Don 
 Nicolas Oitiz.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 449 
 
 the greater portion of the year does not furnish enough 
 water for one horse ; that the land has been considered as 
 commons for the people of Valencia, Isleta, Padillas, and 
 Pajarito, and for all others who have wanted to make use 
 of it ; and he concludes his report by saying that he there- 
 with transmits the report made by the justice of the peace. 
 
 Sarracino 's report is followed by the record of the action 
 taken thereon, on June 29, 1845, by the Departmental 
 Assembly, in which that body states that being convinced 
 by the prefect's second report, dated ]\Iay 15th, that the 
 place of the Cabra spring had been considered as a part of 
 the commons of the pueblo and other places mentioned in 
 the report, it repealed the decree of the 14th of the pre- 
 vious March, by which the place had been granted to Don 
 Juan Otero, and declared the same to be null and void. 
 It also ordered that its action in the matter be communi- 
 cated to the governor, in order that he might notify the 
 parties in interest, and cause the same to be complied with. 
 
 On July 7, 1845, the governor issued his order that the 
 decree of the Departmental Assembly should be observed 
 in all particulars by the parties whom it concerned. 
 
 There are two other separate papers in this archive, 
 each referring to the proceedings above set forth. The 
 first is a communication dated June 2, 1845, from Ramon 
 Luna to the prefect of the district, in which he makes it 
 plain that, although he believes the Indians have always 
 owned the Cabra Spring Tract, he does not feel that he 
 ought to or can report on the matter until he has before 
 him the petition presented by the Indians, and the re- 
 port of the prefect in concurrence with the ayuntamiento. 
 The second of these papers is a fragment of the proceed- 
 ings of the Departmental Assembly on June 29, 1845, fol- 
 lowed by a rough draft of a letter of transmittal inform- 
 ing the governor of the action which the Assembly had 
 taken in the matter. 
 
 1382 OJO DE LA CABRA GRANT. 
 
 This archive consists of three papers, all of which have 
 to do with the Ojo de la Cabra Grant to Don Juan Otero, 
 the revocation thereof, and kindred matters. 
 
 The first of the three is a report of a committee of the 
 Departmental Assembly, dated September 28, 1845, and 
 signed by A. Duran and Sena. 
 
 It was called forth by a petition, drawn up in the in- 
 terest of Don Juan Otero, by his attorney, Don ]\Ianuel 
 Mufios, who evidently had argued that the tract of land
 
 450 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 known as the Cabra Spring Tract having been granted to 
 Don Juan Otero by the governor of New Mexico could 
 not be revoked by the Departmental Assembly of that De- 
 partment. 
 
 The committee is of the opinion that the grant was not 
 made by the governor, but by the Assembly, and assum- 
 ing the correctness of Munos's contention that the 
 governor alone has the power to grant lands, suggests that 
 the only thing that can be done for the relief of Otero is 
 to present a new petition to that officer praying for a grant 
 of the lands in question. 
 
 The second paper is also a report of the same commit- 
 tee on the same subject, but dated one day previous to 
 the first report. It covers substantially the same ground, 
 and is followed by the action of the Departmental As- 
 sembly, signed by the president and secretary, approving 
 the report and returning it to the governor with other 
 papers in the case. The approval is dated September 28, 
 1845. 
 
 The third paper is an unsigned fragmentary report of 
 a committee of the Assembly in regard to the same mat- 
 ter. It ends with a recommendation that the assembly 
 adopt a resolution to the effect that the Cabra Spring 
 Tract shall not be granted to anyone, but shall remain, as 
 it had been from time immemorial, as common for the 
 settlements of Isleta, Valencia, Padillas, and Pajarito; that 
 no appeal shall be allowed to Don Juan Otero or the na- 
 tives of Isleta on the subject of the dispute as to the di- 
 rect ownership of the tract; and that the resolution be 
 carried into effect as soon as it should reach the hands of 
 the governor. 
 
 1383 REPORT of a Committee of the Department As- 
 sembly, dated April 29, 1846. 
 
 In regard to matters arising from the dispute as to the 
 ownership of the Cabra spring property. It appears that 
 the governor of the Department, on April 16, 1846, di- 
 rected an official comnuinication to the Assembly, inclos- 
 ing a decree of the superior tribunal of the Department 
 of Chihuahua, referring to some action had in the su- 
 preme court of justice at Mexico City, based on a com- 
 plaint by Antonio Jose Otero, a citizen of Valencia, New 
 Mexico, that he had been violently dispossessed of his 
 property at the Ojo de la Cabra. 
 
 The report of the committee purports to give a full 
 history of the case, beginning with the petition of Otero
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 451 
 
 to the prefect of the Third district, on January 22, 1845, 
 and ending with the governor's approval of the revoca- 
 tion of the grant, on July 7, 1845. 
 
 It is stated also that subsequently the prefect was sus- 
 pended because of the bad faith he had exhibited in con- 
 nection with the matter. 
 
 The report concluded with an explanation of the causes 
 which have prevented the establishment in New Mexico 
 of the superior tribunal of Second and Third instance, 
 provided for by the supreme decrees of February 28. 
 and March 2, 1843. 
 
 The details of the controversy about the Cabra spring 
 property are much more interesting than important, in 
 view of the final disposition of this case by the United States 
 government. The claim based on this grant was rejected by 
 the United States court of private land claims on Novem- 
 ber 29, 1896. Subsequently, on May 22, 1897, it was op- 
 pealed to the supreme court of the United States by the 
 plaintiffs, and that court thereafter dismissed the appeal, 
 January 18, 1899, mandate on file in the office of the United 
 States surveyor-general at Santa Fe, New Mexico, in cause 
 No. 167, C. P. L. C. — the Ojo de la Cahra Grant. 
 
 1384 BARTOLOME LOBATO v. XPTOBAL de AREL- 
 LANO. 
 
 Suit for the possession of an Apache slave. The petition 
 is addressed to the INIarques de la Naba Brazinas, and the 
 order is signed by the Marques and by his secretary of 
 government and war, Alfonso Rael de Aguilar. 
 
 LIST OF GRANTS OR ALLOTMENTS OF LANDS 
 
 TO THE 
 
 PUEBLO INDIANS 
 
 WITH HISTOEICAL, DESCRIPTIVE, AND OTHER 
 
 NOTES 
 
 R. No. A PUEBLO OF JEMEZ. 
 
 Grant. 1689, September 20th. IMade by Governor and 
 Captain-General Don Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate. 
 Certificate by Don Pedro Ladron de Guitara, Secretary of 
 Government and War. 
 
 It will be noted that this instrument was executed at 
 El Paso, where the Spaniards maintained headquarters
 
 452 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 after the revolution of 1680, Governor Antonio Otermin 
 and all of the Spanish colonists and inhabitants of New 
 IMexico having been driven out by the Pueblos in the 
 month of August of that year. At the time this grant is 
 supposed to have been made the Pueblos were still hostile. 
 
 Inasmuch as all the alleged granting instruments made 
 by Governor Cruzate are practically the same in wording, 
 I give this, which is in the words and figures and ab- 
 breviations following, to wit: 
 
 1689. En el Pueblo de Nra. Sa. de Guadalupe del Passo 
 del Rio del Norte en veinte dias del mes de Septe. de mil 
 seissientos y ochenta y nueva anos el Senor Gouer. y Capn. 
 Genl. Dn. Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate dijo por 
 quanto en el alcanze que se did en el reino de la Nueva 
 Mexco. de los Yndios Queres, y los Apostatas, y los Teguas 
 y de la Naaion Thanos y despues de hover pele ado con^ 
 todos los demas Y^idios de todos puehlos ww Yndio del 
 Puo. de Zia llamado Bartolome de Ojeda que fue el que 
 fue el que mas se senalo en la vatalla acudiendo a todos 
 partes se rindio hiedose huedo de un valazo y un Yechas- 
 so, lo cual como dicho es mande que denajo Juranto. 
 declare como se alia el Puo. de Jemez que fueron 
 unos Yndios Apostatas de aquel reino de la Nueva Mexco. 
 pues fue el que le did la muerte el Padre Fr. 
 Juan de Jesus Morador. Preguntado que si este Puo. 
 volvera en alguii tiempo a Apostatarse como ha sido 
 costumbre entre ellos y dice el confesante que no 
 que ya estd muy medio en temor, que aunque estavan 
 abilantados con lo que les havia susedMo a los de 
 el Puo. de Zia el ano pasado jusgana que era inposible 
 ue dejaran de dar la obedienzia, por lo cual se consedio 
 por el Senor Gouer. y Capn. Genl. Dn. Domingo Jirenza 
 Petriz de Cruzate, los linderos que aqui anocto: para el 
 el norte una legua y para el oriente una legua y para el 
 poniente una legua y para el sur una legua midiendo 
 estas de las cuatro esquinas del templo que queda en me- 
 dio del Puo. assi lo proveyo, mando, y firmo su ssa. a mi 
 el presente Cecretario de Gov. y Ga. 
 
 Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate. 
 
 Ante mi: 
 Don Pedro Ladron de Guitara, 
 Sec. de Gn. y Guea. 
 
 A literal translation of which document is as follows, 
 to-wit : 
 
 1689. In this village of Our Lady of Guadalupe del
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 453 
 
 Paso del Rio del Norte, on the twentieth day of the month 
 of September, in the year one thousand six hundred and 
 eighty-nine, His Excellency, Don Domingo Jironza Petriz 
 de Cruzate, governor and captain-general, stated that, 
 whereas, in overtaking the Queres Indians and the Apos- 
 tates, and the Teguas and those of the Thanos nation, in 
 the kingdom of New Mexico, and after having fought with 
 all the Indians of all the other pueblos, an Indian of the 
 pueblo of Zia, named Bartolome de Ojeda, one of those 
 who was most conspicuous in the battle, rendering assist- 
 ance everywhere, being wounded by a ball and an arrow, 
 surrendered, who, as formerly stated, I ordered to declare 
 under oath the condition of the Pueblo of Jemez, who were 
 apostate Indians of that kingdom, having killed their 
 priest, Fr. Juan de Jesus iMorador. Being interrogated 
 whether this Pueblo Avould rebel in the future, as it had 
 been customary for them to do in the past, the deponent 
 answered no; that they were very much terrified, and, al- 
 though they were concerned with the Indians of Zia in 
 what had occurred in the year previous, he M-as of the 
 opinion that it would be impossible for them to fail in 
 giving their allegiance. 
 
 Whereupon, His Excellency, Don Domingo Jironza 
 Petriz de Cruzate, granted them the boundaries herein 
 set forth : on the north one league, on the east one league, 
 on the west one league, and on the south one league, to 
 be measured from the four corners of the temple which 
 stands in the center of the pueblo. His Excellency so 
 provided, ordered, and signed before me, the present sec- 
 retary of government and war, to which I certify. 
 
 Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate. 
 
 Before me : 
 Don Pedro Ladron de Guitara, 
 
 Secretary of Government and War. 
 
 The Indians of Zia belonged to the Queres stock. The 
 battle referred to in this archive was fought ]iy General 
 Reneros de Posada in 1688. The present village of Cia is 
 surrounded by ruins of old pueblos. Espejo says (1582) 
 "hallamos otra provmcia que llaman los Punames, que 
 son cinco jniehlos, que Ja caheeera se diee Sia." Onate 
 calls them "el gran puehlo de Tna." 
 
 Jemez is north of Zia. Until about 1650, the Indians 
 of Jemez inhabited a number of pueblos along the Jemez 
 river. It is probable that ten puelilos were then occupied 
 by the Jemez. The pueblos of the Jemez were abandoned
 
 454 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 after 1622 and re-occupied before 1627. Benavides, 
 Memorial, p. 27, q, v. 
 
 The revolution of 1680 began at Jemez, and the alcalde 
 mayor, Luis Granillo, sent w^ord to General Garcia, who 
 lived near the site of the present city of Alburquerque, to 
 come to his aid. Garcia had only a very few men, but 
 with them he saved Granillo and the surviving priest of 
 Jemez, as well as the priest at the pueblo of Zia or Cia, as 
 this pueblo is generally called today. 
 
 The reference to what occurred at the pueblo of Zia 
 the year previous is the assaults on the pueblos of Santa 
 Ana and Zia in the year 1688 by General Reneros de 
 Posada, at the time acting governor at El Paso, who made 
 a dash into New Mexico and appeared before these vil- 
 lages, demanding their surrender; the Indians refused; 
 an assault was made, the villages captured, portions 
 burned, and some of the Indians were incinerated. It is 
 likely that this event occurred in 1687, because Reneros 
 de Posada says himself that it transpired on the 6th of 
 October of that year. It is difficult to reconcile this state- 
 ment as to the year and date with the several certified 
 statements made by Cruzate in 1689, every one of which 
 says that this battle occurred the "yeai" previous." Ren- 
 eros de Posada was an officer under Cruzate. There is no 
 doubt that the pueblo of Zia was entirely destroyed by 
 Governor Cruzate, and that its destruction occurred later 
 than the making of this grant to the Jemez. Cruzate 's 
 battle at Zia was undoubtedly the bloodiest of all in the 
 re-conquest. Escalante says that this battle took place 
 in September, 1689 ; it is possibly so, but being in El 
 Paso on September 20, 1689, Cruzate would hardly have 
 had time to lead his forces as far north as Zia, and we 
 know that he was still in El Paso on the 25th of Septem- 
 ber. Grant to the pueblo of Pecos, q. v. Escalante says: 
 "Por Setiemhre del ano siguiente entro D. Domingo 
 Gironza a la misma reducion de los rcheldes. Tuvo una 
 sangrienta hatalla en el dicho puehlo de Cia, en que los 
 reheldes se defendieron con tal valor y desesperado arrojo, 
 que muchos se dejaron quemar vivos sohre los casas por 
 no rendirse; el numero de Queres, asi del dicJio puehlo 
 como del de Santa Ana, y de otros que vinieron de socorro 
 a los sitiados, que quedaron muertos eni esta hatalla, llego 
 a 600 de amhos sexos y de diferentes edades. Solo cuatro 
 ancianos se cogieron vivos; en la misma plaza del puehlo 
 fueron arcahuzeados. ' ' 
 
 I have said that the Jemez abandoned their pueblos in
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 455 
 
 1622 ; this was done because of the wars and raids of the 
 Navajos. They came back in 1627. because of the protec- 
 tion guaranteed by Fr. Martin de Arvide. The celebrated 
 Fr. Zarate-Salmeron lived at Jemez in 1618. 
 
 There is an old church at Jemez ; it was probably built 
 subsequent to 1627. 
 
 Barrionuevo, an officer under Coronado, was the first 
 Spaniard to visit Jemez; he was there in 1541. 
 
 There were two villages of the Jemez in 1680, because 
 there were two priests there, one of whom, Juan de Jesus 
 Morador, was killed. 
 
 Don Fernando de Arguello, governor, hung twenty- 
 nine of the Jemez on account of their having killed a 
 Spaniard. Governor Ugarte put down an incipient rebel- 
 lion among them. This was in 1650. 
 
 Fr. Juan de Jesus, killed in 1680, was murdered at the 
 pueblo of the Jemez known, among the Indians, as Gin- 
 seua, or San Diego de Jemez, close to the Jemez Hot 
 Springs. The one who escaped with Granillo was Fr. 
 Francisco ]\Iurioz. The remains of Fr. Juan de Jesus 
 were found by De Vargas in 1694, exhumed and carried 
 to Santa Fe and buried with great ceremony in the parish 
 church. He fought a battle there in 1694; the Indians 
 offered desperate resistance, but eighty-four were killed 
 in the engagement, several of them perishing in the 
 flames of their burning dwellings; he took 361 prisoners. 
 See Autos d^ Guerra De Vargas, July 23, 1694, fol. 60. 
 In 1696, they killed another frayle, named Francisco de 
 Casaus. The Spaniards again attacked the Jemez. and in 
 this battle, in which the Spaniards were led by Captain 
 Miguel de Lara, the Indian, mentioned in the grant to 
 the Jemez, Bartolome de 0,ieda, aided the Spaniards and 
 led a part of the attacking force ; his war-like conduct on 
 this occasion was very distinguished. Forty Indians 
 were killed. 
 
 With this archive is found a deposition by Don Don- 
 aciano Vigil, as follows: 
 
 "Donaciano Vigil, late Secretary of the Territory of 
 New Mexico, being duly sworn, declares that since the 
 year 1840, the period when he received the charge of the 
 public archives of the Territory of New IMexico there were 
 no title-deeds of grants made to the Indian puehJos of New 
 Mexico in the archives under his charge from that date 
 up to the present time. That, occupying the position 
 he did, as secretary as well as recorder of public docu-
 
 456 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 ments, and having had occasion to examine them very of- 
 ten, he had every opportunity of knowing if they were in 
 the archives or not. The said deponent further says that 
 the lands held by the Indian pueblos of Tesuque, Nambe, 
 Santa Clara, and San Ildefonso, were always recognized 
 as belonging to said Indians, by virtue of grants made 
 to them by the authorities of the Spanish government 
 towards the close of the seventeenth century. That from 
 time immemorial they have continued in the pacific and 
 quiet enjoyment of the lands they occupy without any 
 question being raised as to their legal right thereto. 
 
 "DoNACiANO Vigil 
 "Subscribed and sworn to before me, this 21st day of 
 June, 1856. Wm. Pelham, 
 
 "Surveyor General of New Mexico." 
 
 This affidavit is of importance (historically) for sev- 
 eral reasons ; Vigil was a very sagacious man ; he was well 
 read ; took a pronounced interest in these state papers ; 
 if anyone knew anything about them at that time he 
 did ; when the office of surveyor-general was created in 
 1854, Vigil assisted in going over all of the old archives 
 which had been in his sole possession, for the purpose of 
 delivering to the surveyor-general those which were deem- 
 ed of importance in the administration of the affairs of 
 his office, which was done ; it was many years later when 
 the archives not so turned over to the surveyor-general 
 were supposed to have been burned and sold by Governor 
 Pyle. I do not believe that any were so burned or lost 
 that were of consequence; many were stolen and carried 
 off after Pyle's time — that is certain. 
 
 The grant to the pueblo of Jemez was confirmed by 
 the Congress of the United States, December 22, 1858. 
 
 The Don Pedro Ladron de Guevara who signs with 
 Cruzate was one of the Spanish officers who were driven 
 from New Mexico in the revolution of 1680. His full 
 name was Pedro Ortiz Niiio Ladron de Guevara. [Note 
 that the archive shows "Guitara." There was no such 
 officer.] 
 
 R. No. B PUEBLO DE ACOMA. 
 
 Grant. 1689. INIade by Governor and Captain-General 
 Don Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate, September 20th. 
 This archive is somewhat lengthier and contains some 
 historical information not found in the archive, R. No. A 
 (granttothe Pueblo of Jemez), so I will give it in full,
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 457 
 
 translated. As will be seen it is signed by Bartolome de 
 Ojeda, as well as by the governor and his secretary. 
 
 1689. In the village of our Lady of Guadalupe del Paso 
 del Rio del Norte, on the twentieth day of the month of 
 September, in the year one thousand six hundred and 
 eighty-nine, his excellency, Don Domingo Jironza Petriz de 
 Cruzate, governor and captain-general, stated that where- 
 as in the overtaking which was had in the pueblo of 
 Acoma, and the power which he has over the Queres In- 
 dians and over the apostates in New Mexico, he provided 
 that an Indian named Bartolome, who was the most con- 
 spicuous in the battles, lending his aid everywhere, and 
 surrendered, having been wounded by a ball and an ar- 
 row, and being already crippled, I ordered liim to state 
 the truth, and declare in his confession the condition of 
 the pueblo of Acoma and that of the other apostates in 
 that kingdom, and as the Indian is well versed in the 
 Spanish language, intelligent, and can read and write, he 
 was examined before General Don Pedro Reneros de Po- 
 sada, who had returned from New Mexico, having been 
 at the pueblo of Acoma, and the maestro de campo. 
 Dominguez ]\Iendoza, having also been called, in order 
 that the Indian, Bartolome de Ojeda, might give his name. 
 
 Having been asked if he is disposed to confess the truth 
 as to what he knew and about which he might be asked, 
 and having been asked his name, of what place he is a 
 native, his age and what office he has. and whether he 
 knows the condition of Acoma and Laguna, who are 
 neighbors, he said that his name was Bartolome de Ojeda ; 
 that he is a native of the pueblo of Zia, in the province 
 of New ]\Iexico; that he is tw,enty-one or two years of 
 age, more or less; that he has had no other office than 
 that of soldier (warrior) and that he knows the condition 
 of Acoma and Laguna because he was an ai)ostate in the 
 Province of New Mexico; and this he answered. 
 
 Having been asked how it happened that Laguna and 
 Acoma, being neighbors, disagreed so much, and how was 
 it that they had moved to the Pefiol, being sucli arrogant 
 Indians, and why had they left their pueblo, he responded 
 saying that the Acomas had moved to the Pefiol because 
 they were very proud and had moved to the Penol ])ecause 
 of the many wars these Pueblos had, one with tlie other; 
 and this was his answer. 
 
 Having been asked why it was that these Pueblos lived 
 near to each other, what agreement there was between
 
 458 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 them and why they disagreed, he answered that Lagiina 
 moved close to Acoma because of the abundance of water 
 there was at that pueblo, but always for the purpose of 
 collecting the surplus remaining from the pueblo of Aco- 
 ma ; and this he answered. 
 
 Having been asked what are the existing boundaries of 
 Acoma, and to how much is each pueblo restricted, he 
 said that the Prieto mountain is on the north, that the 
 Gallo spring is on the west, and that the Cubero moun- 
 tain is opposite the old pueblo of Acoma and that the 
 Pefiol is on the south side and that when the Indian Poc- 
 Pec (Po-pe) visited the pueblos he confirmed the above 
 because he is an Indian of the Tegua nation and a native 
 of the pueblo of San Juan, to whom all the land gave 
 obedience at the time of the insurrection, and was in com- 
 pany with Alonzo Catiti ; and Don Luis Tu-pa-tu, and 
 many other chiefs of those pueblos had declared that the 
 water belonged to the pueblo of Acoma, and that Laguna 
 was to collect the surplus remaining from the pueblo; 
 and this is his answer. 
 
 Having been asked if he knows any more than he has 
 stated, and if Laguna has any other defense to make con- 
 cerning the water, he answered that he had not; that al- 
 though the pueblo had removed to the Penol it had not 
 lost its right to the water, and that the Laguna Indians 
 were not ignorant of the fact as it is notorious ; and that 
 what he has stated is the truth, under the oath which he 
 has taken, which he affirms and ratifies. This grant being 
 read and explained to him he signed it with his excellency, 
 the governor and captain-general, aforesaid, before me, the 
 present secretary of government and war, to which I cer- 
 tify. Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate 
 
 Bartolome de Ojeda 
 Before me : 
 
 Don Pedro Ladron de Guitara, 
 
 Secretarj^ of Government and War. 
 
 From this it will be seen that Reneros de Posada '^had 
 returned from Acoma;" that Bartolome de Ojeda had 
 been wounded with a ball and an arrow and was crippled, 
 had surrendered, having been conspicuous for his conduct 
 in battle, etc., why can we not hai*monize the conflicting 
 dates as to the time when Zia was assaulted and destroyed 
 by the conclusion that this affidavit and deposition was 
 made after the return from New IMexico to El Paso ? Mr. 
 Tipton's conclusion that it is spurious is the best solution.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 459 
 
 It does not necessarily follow when Ojeda says of the 
 Jemez ''and although they were concerned with those of 
 Zia in what had occurred in the previous year" that he 
 had reference entirely to the battle fought by Posada ; he 
 may have had in mind the conduct of the several Pueblo 
 tribes "the year previous" in which those of his own 
 pueblo of Zia had a part. 
 
 It will be noticed that there are no "granting" words 
 in this instrument, although it is declared to be a grant 
 "read and explained" to Ojeda. 
 
 The grant was confirmed to the pueblo of Acoma by 
 the Congress of the United States on December 22, 1858. 
 
 The three Indians mentioned by Ojeda — Poc-Pec, Ca- 
 tit, and Tupatu — were the leaders of the revolution of 
 1680. Poc-Pee is also and more familiarly known as 
 Po-pe. He was a native of San Juan and killed his son- 
 in-law just before the uprising, for fear that he would 
 make known what was going on to the Spaniards. 
 
 Don Juan Dominguez de JMendoza was lieutenant-gen- 
 eral under Otermin when the latter made his effort to re- 
 gain the Province. He had been an officer in the army in 
 New Mexico for many years prior to the revolt. He came 
 north in 1681 as far as Cochiti and had an interview with 
 Catiti, who professed regret for the events of the year 
 before. 
 
 On January 1, 1682, Otermin and the invading army 
 having retired as far south as Isleta, believing that they 
 could not hold the province with the force with them, 
 retired to El Paso. 
 
 Poc-Pec or Po-pe was an Indian of the pueblo of San 
 Juan. Catiti belonged to Santo Domingo, and Tu-pa-tu 
 was of the pueblo of Picuries. 
 
 Acoma is the "Hacus" of the Fr. Marcos. The present 
 pueblo, we may safely assert, was standing in its present 
 location in the fifteenth century. Acoma was only aban- 
 doned when the Indians went to the Penol. In all prob- 
 ability it is the most ancient of the pueblos of New Mexico. 
 
 It is said that the last settlement of this pueblo prior 
 to the one now occupied by them, was upon the celebrated 
 "Mesa Encantada" standing nearly in the center of the 
 valley in the southwest corner of which is the Rod; of 
 Acoma. The Enchanted Mesa, it is claimed, was acces- 
 sible many centuries since; at some period — entirely in 
 Acoma tradition — dangerous crevices made their appear- 
 ance in the road to the top, and a large number of the
 
 460 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 people left ; those remaining were suddenly deprived of 
 the power to reach the plain, owing to a fall of the rock 
 and those died of hunger. This ancient pueblo was reached 
 by Mr. F. W. Hodge, in 1897, who made the ascent, where 
 he found enough remains to justify the tradition that a 
 pueblo had once stood on top of the rock. 
 
 The use of the water referred to by Ojeda was not only 
 for domestic, but for purposes of irrigation. These In- 
 dians understood the use of water for irrigation in pre- 
 Spanish times. It is true that corn and beans did not 
 necessarily require irrigation, as these crops grow and 
 mature on the high mesas today without water artificially 
 supplied. Around ruins, known to be pre-Spanish, evi- 
 dences of irrigating ditches are found. Espejo in his nar- 
 rative, says: '*Y de todo esto hay sementeres de riego y 
 de tempor-al con muy buenas sacas de agua y que lo labran 
 como los Mexicanos." The Acomas did not raise cotton; 
 they bought it either from the Moquis or from the pueblos 
 of the Rio Grande. 
 
 The Spanish authorities, prior to the ''grants" made 
 by Cruzate, never allotted any specific tracts of land to the 
 many pueblos in the Province. 
 
 Strange as it may seem, the Pueblo Indian, while known 
 as of sedentary habits, thought nothing of abandoning a 
 pueblo and building another in a different locality, and it 
 was doubtless the policy of Cruzate, in making these al- 
 lotments, to curb this tendency to move and ramble about. 
 I do not consider the word "sedentary" as entirely satis- 
 factory. It is true that they were agriculturists and built 
 permanent homes, i. e., permanent until something might 
 happen which induced them to move and change their 
 habitations; the great number of ruins are no index of a 
 great population ; one hundred Pueblo Indians were capa- 
 ble of building twenty-five pueblos (villages) in a century; 
 if by chance anything happened to his water supply, 
 forthwith he moved ; if his pueblo was sacked by enemies, 
 he built another, but rarely in the same place. All of this 
 finds abundant documentary proof. 
 
 The Pueblos have always contended that they hold their 
 lands by titles even superior to that of the United States 
 government, and that they are absolute citizens of the 
 United States, and have managed themselves and their 
 affairs for hundreds of years, having built up customs and 
 a local form of municipal government consisting of a vast 
 number of officials, each of whom has a special duty to
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 461 
 
 perform with regard to the management and control of 
 the internal affairs of the pueblos. 
 
 These views are referred to in some of the decisions of 
 the supreme court of New Mexico deciding Pueblo mat- 
 ters, as witness the following quotation from a decision 
 rendered by Kirby Benedict, chief justice, in the case of 
 De la vs. The PuehJo de Acoma, decided in 1857, viz: 
 
 "Having closed our view of the merits of this case, we 
 may be indulged in reflecting that of the highly interest- 
 ing causes we have had to consider and determine during 
 the present session, this is the second in which this Pueblo 
 has been the party complainant. The first keenly touched 
 the religious affections of these children of the Rock of 
 Acoma. They had been deprived by neighboring Pueblos 
 of the ancient likenesses in full painting of their patron 
 or guardian saint. San Jose. However much the philoso- 
 pher or more enlightened Christian may smile at the 
 simple faith of these people in their supposed immediate 
 and entire guardian of the Pueblo, to them it Avas a Pillar 
 of Fire by night and a Pillar of Cloud by day, the with- 
 drawal of whose light and shade crushed the hopes of 
 these sons of IMontezuma and left them victims to doubt, 
 to gloom and fear. The cherished object of the venera- 
 tion of their long line of ancestors, this court permanently 
 restores, and by this decree confirms to them, and throws 
 around them the shield of the law's protection of their 
 religious love, piety and confidence. In this case the title 
 that Spain had given this people, confirming to them the 
 possession and ownership of their lands, and the rock up- 
 on which they have so long lived, was found in the hands 
 of one professing to be of a better instructed and more 
 civilized race, and turned by him into the means of ex- 
 tortion and money gathering from the inoffensive in- 
 habitants. 
 
 "It is gratifying to us to be the judicial agents through 
 which an object of their faith and devotion, as well as the 
 ancient manuscript, that is the written evidence that es- 
 tablished their ancient rights to their soil and their rock, 
 are more safely restored and confirmed to their possession 
 and keeping." 
 
 In early times the Acomas, among other ceremonial 
 dances, performed the Snake Dance, similar to the one 
 now given by the Moquis. Don Antonio Espejo saw one 
 of these dances at Acoma — "nicieronnos un mitote }) 
 haile muy solemne, saliendo la gente mmj galana y hacicn-
 
 462 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 do nmchos juegos de manos, algunos dellos artificios con 
 vivoras vivas, que era cosa de ver lo uno y le otro." 
 
 The Indians of Acoma, under the leadership of a chief 
 named Zutucapan, conspired to kill Don Juan de Ofiate 
 at the time of his visit to the pueblo by enticing him into 
 an estufa. Ofiate declined to be trapped. 
 
 Later on these Indians had an encounter with Zalvidar, 
 a lieutenant under Onate, in which Zalvidar was slain by 
 Zutucapan ; this fight occurred on top of the rock of 
 Acoma ; when Zalvidar was slain, five surviving Spaniards 
 fled to the brink of the mesa and leaped down, four of 
 them reaching the plain alive. Don Vicente Zalvidar, a 
 brother of Juan who had been slain, resolved to avenge 
 the death of his brother. In a battle which lasted three 
 days, the Indians were decisively defeated, the buildings 
 of the pueblo were partially burned, and hundreds killed 
 each other rather than yield to the Spanish arms. Oiiate 
 says that Acoma had about three thousand population 
 at this time, of whom only six hundred survived. This 
 battle occurred on the 22d, 23d, and 24th of January, 
 1599. 
 
 R. No. C PUEBLO OF SAN JUAN. 
 
 Grant. September 25, 1689, made by Governor and Cap- 
 tain-General Don Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate. 
 The paper is signed by 
 
 Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate. 
 
 Bartolome de Ojeda. 
 Don Pedro Ladron de Guitara, 
 Secretary of Government and War. 
 
 Ojeda says that this pueblo was the first to rebel in 
 1680. That all of the San Juan Indians were well versed 
 in the Spanish language and could read and write and 
 that at the time of the first conquest they had saved the 
 life of their missionary. 
 
 Additional evidence that Ojeda 's affidavit is spurious. 
 In 1708, it is shown by a number of trials for witchcraft 
 that numbers of these Indians could not read or write. 
 
 This grant was confirmed to the pueblo by the Congress 
 of the United States on the 22d day of December, 1858. 
 The boundaries are: on the north, the Rio Bravo del 
 Norte, completing one league on both sides of the river, 
 measuring from the northern comer of the temple of the 
 pueblo on the east, and on the west one league and on the 
 south one league.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 463 
 
 The text of this archive is practically the same as that 
 of Archive R, No. A. 
 
 Almost directly opposite this pueblo is the place where 
 Don Juan de Oiiate established his capital in 1598, at the 
 place called San Gahnel del Yunque. Torquemada says 
 {Monarquia, vol. i, p. 672) : "Bespachados Don Juan de 
 Onate, y los suios, para la Jornada del Nuevo Mexico, 
 siguieron su camino, en demanda de aquellas tierras, en 
 llegando a aquellas partes, tomaron posesion por el Rei, 
 en ellas, y el Puehlo donde Bon Juan de Onate, Gover- 
 nador, y Capitan General de esta entrada, Itizo asiento y 
 puso su Real, se llama San Gabriel el qual sitio esta en 
 treinta y siete grados de altura del norte, y esta S'ituado 
 entre dos rios, y con las aguas del menor de los dos, so 
 riegan los tngos, cevada y maiz . . . El otro rio es 
 grande, que llaman del Norte, ques es de mucho, y muy 
 buen pescado.'^ 
 
 The first irrigation ditch constructed by the Spaniards 
 in New INIexico was built by the colonists under Onate and 
 the water was taken out of the Chama river at this point. 
 The first capital of New Mexico was here, and because the 
 inhabitants of Yunque gave up their pueblo to the colon- 
 ists and settled in the pueblo of San Juan, across the Rio 
 Grande, they were known as the pueblo of San Juan de 
 los Caballeros. 
 
 The pueblo of Yunque was visited by nearly all the 
 earlier Spanish explorers or some of their soldiers and 
 captains. 
 
 The town of Chamita of today stands close to the old 
 pueblo of Yunque. I believe the place called ^^Pueblito'' 
 across the river from San Juan is very close to the old 
 pueblo of Yunque; Pueblito is owned by Indians of San 
 Juan. 
 
 Oiiate moved the capital from this place to Santa Fe 
 about the year 1605. 
 
 The settlers of Santa Cruz at one time tried to obtain 
 a grant of the old pueblo of Yunque. 
 
 R. No. D PUEBLO OF PICURIES. 
 
 Grant. September 25, 1689. Made by Governor and 
 Captain-General, Don Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cru- 
 zate, at El Paso. The archive is signed by 
 
 Don Domingo Jironza Pp:triz de Cruzate. 
 
 Bartolome de Ojeda. 
 Don Pedro Ladron de Guitara, 
 Secretary of Government and War.
 
 464 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 The text is almost identical with that of Archive R. 
 No. C. The Indians are declared by Ojeda to be of a very 
 rebellions spirit. 
 
 The boundaries of the grant are — one league, north, 
 east, south, and west, measured from the four corners of 
 the temple situated on the western side of the village. 
 
 The grant was confirmed by the Congress of the United 
 States on the 22d day of December, 1858. 
 
 The Rio del Pueblo and the Rio Penasco unite about 
 a mile below the pueblo of Picuries. This pueblo, so 
 far as inhabitants are concerned, is now a very small af- 
 fair. It is situate in a beautiful spot. 
 
 Tu-pa-tu, one of the leaders of the revolution of 1680 
 w^as a native of this pueblo. 
 
 The mission at this pueblo was called San Lorenzo de 
 Picuries. The priest who was murdered by the Indians 
 here in 1680 was the Rev. P. Fr. Mathias Rendon. 
 
 When the Indians made their attack on Santa Fe, dur- 
 ing the first day's fighting Otermin was successful, but 
 on the day following the Tehuas of the north and from 
 Picuries, led by Tu-pa-tu, arrived and Otermin retired in- 
 to the old palace, where he was under siege for five days. 
 The besiegers numbered over three thousand ; they burned 
 the church and the convent; also the chapel of San 
 Miguel. On the 20th Otermin determined, with his 
 small force, to make a desperate assault upon the be- 
 siegers; he did so, killing three hundred and capturing 
 about fifty, who, when their depositions had been taken, 
 were shot. 
 
 During the siege the Spanish loss was five killed, but 
 many were wounded, including Otermin. On the 21st it 
 was determined to abandon the city, which was done; 
 their departure was not disturbed by the Indians who 
 watched them from the surrounding hills. They marched 
 south by way of the pueblo of Santo Domingo, on the 
 Galisteo", where they found the bodies of three friars and 
 five other Spaniards who had been murdered. 
 
 The frayles whose bodies were found at Santo Do- 
 mingo were those of Fr. Francisco Antonio Lorenzana, a 
 native of Galicia; Fr. Juan de Talaban, custodio habit- 
 ual, a native of Seville, who had been a missionary al- 
 most twenty years and Fr. Joseph de Montesdoca, a na- 
 tive of Queretaro,
 
 
 <y^>^^a^^ 
 
 Facsimile of Sigiiatuie 
 of Don Facondo Melgares, 
 Governov of Ne v Mexico, 
 1818-1822. 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of 
 Colonel Antonio Narbona, 
 Governor of New Mexico. 
 
 C>^ 
 
 \Xyf^VCl^C4X.<.^ 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of 
 Don Francisco Sarraciuo, Gov- 
 ernor of New Mexico 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of 
 General Don Manuel Armijo, 
 Governor of Nc.v Mexico. 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Govern- 
 or Francisco Xavier Cliavez, 1822-23. 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Colonel 
 Albino Perez, Governor of New Mexico 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Don 
 Mariano Martinez, Governor of 
 New Mexico.
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 465 
 
 R. No. E PUEBLO OF SAN FELIPE. 
 
 Grant. September 20, 1689. Made by Grovernor and 
 •Captain-General Don Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate, 
 at El Paso. The archive is signed by 
 
 Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate. 
 Bartolome de Ojeda. 
 Don Pedro Ladron de Guitara, 
 Secretary of Government and War. 
 
 The text is almost identical with that of Archive R. 
 No. A. The boundaries as given are: on the north, the 
 Bosque Grande which is toward the east, and on the east 
 one league, and on the west one league, and on the south 
 a little grove which is in front of a hill called Culcura, 
 opposite the fields of the Indians of Santa Ana. 
 
 The grant was confirmed to the pueblo of San Felipe 
 by the Congress of the United States December 22, 1858. 
 
 The San Felipe Pueblos were Queres. The present vil- 
 lage is not built upon the site of the ancient village. The 
 old pueblo was built at the foot of the mesa of Tamita. 
 In 1607, Fr. Cristobal Quiiiones was at this pueblo. He 
 built the first mission; he died there in 1609, and was 
 buried in the church which had been erected under his 
 supervision. In 1636, Fr. Cristobal de Quiros was located 
 here; he was father custodian of the Franciscans. The 
 Indians occupied the original site until three years after 
 the revolt in 1680. 
 
 When De Vargas came in 1692, he found them on top 
 of the Black Mesa, just above their present village. The 
 old ruin which one sees on top of this mesa, just after 
 crossing the big arroyo which comes down from Tunqiie, 
 is all that is left of the church which was built in 1694. 
 
 When Otennin and the refugees came down the Rio 
 Grande valley by way of Santo Domingo they passed by 
 this place. No frayles or Spaniards were murdered at 
 San Felipe in 1680; all of the Indians of San Felipe had 
 gone to Santo Domingo, where the missionaries referred 
 to in notes to Archive R. No. D lived; they served 
 Cochiti, Santo Domingo, and San Felipe; these Indians, 
 however, murdered many Spaniards between San Felipe 
 and the site of the present town of Algodones. As Oter- 
 mfn passed down the valley great numl)ers of the In- 
 dians watched them from the top of the Black Mesa. 
 
 There is nothing left of the old pueblo which stood at 
 the foot of Tamita. The Tunque arroyo has washed
 
 466 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 everything into the Rio Grande. The confluence of the 
 arroyo with the Rio Grande is only a short distance above 
 the present pueblo. 
 
 The ruins on top of the mesa are quite extensive, al- 
 though the pueblo was not a very large one. The name 
 of this ruined pueblo is Katishtya. 
 
 In 1696, at the time of the second rebellion of the 
 Pueblos, a frayle from the neighboring pueblo of Cochiti 
 fled to tills pueblo of Katishtya and was saved by the 
 San Felipe Indians from death ; his name was Fr. Alonzo. 
 There is a complete list of the frayles serving here from 
 1696 to date. The register is quite valuable; it is the 
 book showing the interments by this mission. 
 
 R. No. F PUEBLO OF PECOS. 
 
 Grant. El Paso. September 25, 1689. Made by Gover- 
 nor and Captain-General Don Domingo Jiron^a Petriz de 
 Cruzate. The archive is signed by 
 
 Don Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate. 
 Bartolome de Ojeda. 
 Don Pedro Ladron de Guevara, 
 Secretary of Government and War. 
 
 The exact wording of this archive is as follows: 
 1689. En el Pueblo de Nrs. Sa. de Guadalupe del 
 Passo del Bio del Norte, en veinte y cinco dias del mes de 
 Septe. de mil sessientos y ochenta y nueve anos, el Senor 
 Gouer. y Capn. Genl. Dn. Domingo Jironza Petriz de 
 Cruzate, dijo que por quanta en el alcanze que se did 
 en los de la Nueva Mexco. de los Yndios Queres, y los 
 Apostatas, y los Teguas y de la nacion Thanos, y despues 
 de haver peleado con todos los demas Yndios de todos 
 pueblos, un Yndio del Pou. de Zia, llamado Bartolome 
 de Ojeda que fue mas se senalo en la vatalla a cudiendo 
 a todas partes, se rindio biendose herido de un valaso y un 
 flechasso lo cual como dicho es, mande que denajo de 
 juramto. declare como se halla el Puo. de Pecos, aim 
 queda muy metido a honde el sol sale y fueron unos Yndios 
 Apostatas de aquel reino de la Nueva Mexico. 
 
 Preguntando : que si este Puo. volvera en algun tiempo, 
 como ha sido costumbre en ellos, y disc el confesante que 
 no; que ya est a muy metido en temor que aunque estaban 
 abila7itados con lo que habia susedo a los de el Puo. de 
 Zia en ano pasado jusgana que era un i^iposible que dejar- 
 an de dar la obediencia; por lo cual se consedieron por el 
 Senor Gouer. y Capn. Genl. Dn. Domingo Jironza Petriz
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 467 
 
 de Cruzate, los Undei'os que aqui anoto; para el norte una 
 legua, y para el oriente una legua, y para el poniente una 
 legua, y para el sur una legua; y medidus estas cuatro lin- 
 eas de las cuatro esquinas del Puo. dejando a salus el 
 templo que queda al medio dia del Puo., y asi lo proveyo, 
 mando y firnio su ssa. a mi el presente Secretario de gouer. 
 y guerra, que de ello doi fee. 
 
 Don Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate. 
 
 Bartolome de Ojeda. 
 Don Pedro Ladron de Guitara, 
 See. de Gn. y Gua. 
 
 There is nothing left of this old pueblo today other than 
 the debris of the fallen walls; these are leveled to the 
 ground; the old wall which surrounded the pueblo may 
 be traced by the stones; the old church is also a ruin; a 
 portion of the walls remains. The last of the Indians of 
 the pueblo is still alive living at Jeraez, where the few 
 remnants of the pueblo migrated in 1835. Disease and 
 attacks from the Vte, Apache, and Comanche destroyed 
 the people. Its name was Tshiquite and was first visited 
 by the Spanish officer, Hernando de Alvarado, in 1540. 
 Espejo visited it in 1583, and descended the Pecos river 
 from this locality. Castaiio de Sosa was here in 1590-91 ; 
 he called the Pecos river the "/S^a/ado. " Castaiio as- 
 saulted the pueblo because the Indians had fought with 
 some of his soldiers who were on a scouting expedition. 
 It is not believed that Castaiio assaulted the large pueblo 
 of Pecos but one of the smaller ones, possibly that known 
 as Ruedas, which lies near Rowe station on the Atchison, 
 Topeka and Santa Fe Railway; this pueblo is just about 
 three-quarters of a mile from the Pecos river. 
 
 The church at Pecos was one of the finest in New Mex- 
 ico ; it is said to have had six towers at one time. 
 
 Francisco Vasquez Coronado visited the pueblo several 
 times; when he left the country for Mexico, one of the 
 Franciscan frayles remained behind at this place; it is 
 not known what was his fate , he was doubtless murdered 
 by the Indians. 
 
 In 1680, these Indians revolted and killed their mis- 
 sionary, Fr. Domingo de Vera, who was a native of the 
 City of Mexico. 
 
 Fr. Ayeta, who escaped, being in Mexico at the time, 
 gives a list of the frayles who perished in the revolution ; 
 also some biographical information; the full list is given
 
 468 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 in a funeral sermon delivered in the City of Mexico one 
 year after the revolt. 
 
 Four da.ys after the revolt commenced the Spaniards 
 ascertained that five hundred of the Pecos and other east- 
 ern Pueblos were on their way to Santa Fe; on the 15th 
 of August, 1680, these Indians were seen in the "mt7pas" 
 of San Miguel, in the neighborhood of the chapel of that 
 name, in the present City of Santa Fe. 
 
 One of the Indians, Juan, entered the city and told the 
 Spaniards they could no longer remain in the country; 
 they must leave or fight; Governor Otermin determined 
 to fight and began the engagement which lasted all day 
 and resulted in favor of the Spaniards. 
 
 The Pecos Indians say that they came from the south- 
 east, but their origin was in the north; they spoke the 
 same language as the Jemez and were their kinsmen. 
 Harrington says they were not. 
 
 The Pecos Indians were buffalo hunters and traded their 
 buffalo hides with the Pueblos living farther south and 
 west. The Pecos also bartered with the plains Indians for 
 hides, which they in turn traded with the Indians to the 
 west. 
 
 This grant to the Pecos Indians was confirmed by Con- 
 gress long after every Indian had left the pueblo. It is 
 now the property of D. C. Collier, who has given the 
 Archaeological School at Santa Fe a deed to the site of 
 the old pueblo and church. 
 
 "With this archive is filed another which is a report 
 from a committee of the Territorial Deputation, ap- 
 pointed to investigate and report upon a petition filed 
 with the Deputation by the Indians of Pecos asking that 
 the Mexican settlers on the Pecos river be required to 
 vacate and restore to the Indians the lands which they 
 have taken. 
 
 Date, 1825. Pino [rubric] 
 
 Arze [rubric] 
 Baca [rubric] 
 
 The name of this pueblo was Cicuye, which was prob- 
 ably the Tigua name for it. It was during the adminis- 
 tration of Oiiate that a mission was first established at 
 Pecos. Pecos was the Keresan name of the pueblo. In 
 the Sixteenth century they occupied several pueblos in and 
 adjacent to the Pecos river beginning at a point near the 
 present Pecos town and extending as far down the river 
 possibly as La Cuesta. It is claimed also that they had
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 469 
 
 a pueblo near the old Spanish town of Golden, in Santa 
 Fe county. The old ruins near Ojo de Vaca have not 
 been certainly identified as having been occupied by these 
 Indians, although living in such close proximity. 
 
 No. R. G PUEBLO DE COCHITI. 
 
 Grant. 1689. Made by Governor and Captain-General 
 Don Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate, September 25th, 
 at El Paso. Signed 
 
 Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate. 
 Bartolome de Ojeda. 
 Before 
 Don Pedro Ladron de Guitara, 
 Secretary of Government and War. 
 
 The text of this archive is practically the same as that 
 of R. No. A. : 
 
 The Cochiti were Queres. There are many ruins in the 
 Canada de Cochiti. 
 
 Close by is the celebrated Potrero Viejo. There is a 
 settlement of Mexican people in the caiiada. The title to 
 the lands held by the Mexicans dates 1728, when a grant 
 was made to them by Governor and Captain-General Juan 
 Domingo de Bustamante. See this grant — Merced de la 
 Canada de Cochiti — in office of surveyor-general. The 
 Mexicans were always troubled by the Navajo until about 
 the time of the American Occupation. It was tempo- 
 rarily abandoned in 1835, owing to the Navajo attacks. 
 
 About a mile below the settlement are found the ruins 
 of the pueblo called Qua-pa. There is not much left to 
 this ruin, and from all indications it is much older than 
 those on the potrero. The Indians claim that their an- 
 cestors moved from Qua-pa to their present village in the 
 valley of the Rio Grande. It is believed that the ances- 
 tors of the Cochiti at one time lived and occupied the 
 dwellings and pueblos in the valley of the Rito de los 
 Frijoles. They were driven out of the Rito by the 
 Tehuas. 
 
 It is my opinion that the Queres of Cochiti inhabited 
 the caiiada, as did also the Indians of San Felipe and 
 that it was from the Canada that they finally moved to 
 their present village. The oldest men of the pueblo have 
 told me this. De Vargas found the Queres of Cochiti 
 and of San Felipe and the Tanos of the pueblo of San 
 Marcos on the potrero in 1692. They also told him they
 
 470 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 had come there because of their enemies, the Tehuas, Tanos, 
 and the Picuries. 
 
 It will be remembered that from the time the Spaniards 
 were driven out in 1680, there was a great period of hostil- 
 ity between these various tribes of the Pueblos. 
 
 This particular locality is very important in the deeds 
 of the reconquistadores under General De Vargas. The 
 present village of Cochiti was occupied as early as 1598. 
 Doc. de Indias, vol. xvi, p. 102. q. v. Vetancurt in his 
 Cronica says that it was located "aZ lado izquierdo del 
 Bio del Norte tres leguas de Santo Domingo." They re- 
 tired to the Canada when they received word that Oter- 
 min was on his way back to re-conquer the country. The 
 maestro de campo states, 1681, that an Indian told him 
 at San Felipe '^Al qual le pregunto en su lengua por la 
 gente del pueblo, y respondio haberse ido huyendo a la 
 Cieneguilla, 6 Pueblo de Cochiti." 
 
 Mendoza was taken to task by Otermin because of his 
 retreat from Cochiti in 1681. Mendoza knew his force 
 was too small to risk a battle with these Indians and re- 
 treated to the pueblo of Puara, near Bernalillo. 
 
 When Otermin went back to El Paso in 1681, the pueb- 
 los were all re-occupied by the Indians in this vicinity. 
 
 When De Vargas visited them in 1692, they all prom- 
 ised to give in their allegiance, with which statements De 
 Vargas was satisfied. 
 
 When De Vargas returned to New Mexico, in 1693, the 
 people of Cochiti had not kept their agreement and were 
 still on the potrero along with those Tanos of San Mar- 
 cos. De Vargas fought several very severe engagements 
 before he succeeded in reducing these people. It was in 
 one of these that the Indian of Zia, Bartolome de Ojeda, 
 distinguished himself. The battle was fought on the 17th 
 of April. It was Ojeda that showed a new trail by which 
 the potrero could be ascended. Escalante, in his Ee- 
 lacion, p. 160, gives a detailed report of this fight; he 
 says: "Cayeron e7i gran numero y cercaron el pueblo, 
 pusieron a los nuestros en gran aprieto y como los nues- 
 tros eran tan pocosa atendian y solamente a defender las 
 bocas calles del pueblo, y asi tuvieron lugar de huir ciento 
 cincuenta de los prisioneros ; lo cual visto por los reveldes, 
 se retiraron juzgando que ya habian librado a todos sus 
 hijos y mugeres." 
 
 Escalante refers to a fight, in the nature of a surprise 
 to the Spanish troops, which occurred after the potrero
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 471 
 
 had been gained and the Indians defeated. In this sur- 
 prise De Vargas lost 150 of his prisoners or ^^Chusma." 
 This was only about one-half of the Indians captured in 
 the fight of the preceding 17th ; tliis surprise occurred on 
 the 20th. De Vargas burned the pueblo on the potrero 
 before he left for Santa Fe and it was never again oc- 
 cupied. 
 
 R. No. H PUEBLO OF SANTO DOMINGO. 
 
 Grant. September 20, 1689. 
 
 Made by Don Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate, Gov- 
 ernor and Captain-General, at El Paso. 
 
 The wording in this grant is practically the same as in 
 the others; the translation on file is very poorly done. 
 The archive is signed by 
 
 Don Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate. 
 Bartolome de Ojeda. 
 Certified before 
 Pedro Ladron de Guitara, 
 
 Secretary of Government and War. 
 
 The boundaries as given are: On the north the 
 Lomas Pelados — barren hills, near a rivulet running 
 from where the sun rises, and empties into the Rio Bravo 
 del Norte, and to the east some water which is said to 
 be the property of Alonzo Catiti, near a white hill of 
 alabaster, and to the west a little hill which is on the 
 bank of the dry bed of a stream and where there is a cave 
 on the south, to the side of a hill having the name of 
 Blanca Pelado towards the east. 
 
 The Indians of Santo Domingo are of very pugnacious 
 disposition ; they resent any interference, in any way, 
 with any of their customs or manners. 
 
 There never has been a time in the history of New 
 Mexico when the inhabitants of this pueblo may have been 
 considered tractable. 
 
 When the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway was 
 built, the located line was surveyed and built through the 
 lands of these people in the valley of the Rio Grande; 
 being a community grant, there was no way in which the 
 title could be obtained by the railway company except by a 
 proceeding to condemn; this was done, the attorney for 
 the United States appearing for the pueblo ; a decree was 
 made and the company paid into court the sum of fifteen 
 hundred dollars for the right of way ; this money the In- 
 dians refused to accept and it remained in the custody of
 
 472 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 the court for nearly twenty years, when Mr. C. J. Cran- 
 dall, Indian agent, persuaded the Indians to accept the 
 money. 
 
 At one time, some of the Indians of this pueblo were 
 constantly stealing ties, bridge timbers, and other material 
 from the railway company; they were caught, tried, and 
 convicted and sent to jail at Alburquerque ; this did no 
 good ; one day the governor of the pueblo, who was a very 
 honest man, said to the writer, who was attorney for the 
 company, ' ' the next time you catch any of the Indians steal- 
 ing the property of the company, try them before the jus- 
 tice of the peace, and if convicted, send them to me, not 
 to the jail at Alburquerque;" "they like to be sent 
 there," said he, "but I will show you how to break off 
 this thievery." In a short time two Indians were de- 
 tected, duly tried and convicted, and turned over to the 
 governor, who, having summoned his capitan de la guer- 
 ra, or chief of police, tied the Indians to a stake in front 
 of the kiva of the pueblo and proceeded to administer to 
 them one hundred lashes which were laid on with great 
 force ; there has never been any stealing of company prop- 
 erty since that time by these Indians. 
 
 The Indians of Santo Domingo formerly lived at a place 
 called Guy-pu-y, the ruins of which lie about five miles 
 south of the settlement of Pena Blanca, in Sandoval 
 county. These ruins are nearly two miles east of the 
 railway station called ''Domingo-/^ they are upon the 
 bank of the Galisteo river. The waters of the Galisteo 
 (floods) destroyed the pueblo of Guypuy. 
 
 Castaiio de Sosa visited this pueblo and made it his head- 
 quarters; he says that it stood on the banks of the Rio 
 Grande. The pueblo of Santo Domingo which was visited 
 by Juan de Oiiate, in 1598, stood very nearly where the 
 present village is situate. Otermin when he left the 
 country, in 1680, also says that the village at that time 
 stood on the river bank, east side. 
 
 The first church built in Santo Domingo was built by 
 the Fr. Juan de Escalona, who was commissary of the 
 Order of Franciscans ; he died at Santo Domingo and was 
 buried in the church which he had built. The location of 
 this church building can not now be ascertained; it was 
 built in 1607 and has been washed away by the floods 
 from the Galisteo. 
 
 This village was visited by Major Pike in 1807 and by 
 General Kearny in 1846.
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 473 
 
 The Indians of Santo Domingo have always been averse 
 to the education of the children, particularly the educa- 
 tion provided for since the American Occupation. They 
 endeavor in every way to prevent any of the young 
 people going to the Indian school at Santa Fe or the one 
 at Alburquercfue. It was always a difficult matter to get 
 any to go to Carlisle. 
 
 There is a government school at this pueblo which was 
 established in 1896. The attendance of children at this 
 school when it was first opened was very disappointing; 
 the '^principales" would not permit any of the girls of 
 the pueblo to attend the school. The Indian agent, at that 
 time an army officer, visited the pueblo for the purpose 
 of an inspection and noticing that there were no girls at 
 the school, asked the governor why this state of affairs 
 existed; the governor replied, "Education might be all 
 very well for boys, but it wouldn't do for girls, who as 
 soon as they got educated wanted to run off." 
 
 These Indians are great dancers; they have a great feast 
 on the 4th of August of each year. Wlien some of the 
 more religious dances are carried on they will not allow 
 anyone, not a member of the pueblo, to remain in the 
 village. They are also very much averse to having pic- 
 tures taken of any of their ceremonial dances, and bv 
 force have driven persons off the pueblo lands who have 
 sought to take pictures, breaking their cameras if unable 
 to get rid of them in any other manner. They are very 
 jealous of the secret mysteries of their dances. 
 
 On the evening of the 3d of August church services 
 are held in the mission church ; this service is always well 
 attended by the Indians. The Indian w^omen spread 
 handkerchiefs or towels on the adobe floor, upon wliich 
 they kneel, so that their neat clothing is in nowise soiled ; 
 the men take off the head-bands which they usually wear 
 instead of hats. The walls of the church are decorated 
 with rude paintings of corn plants, some with birds 
 perched on the ears of corn ; in several places one sees 
 rude pictures of the moon and stars and other symbols 
 understandable only to the Indian, The altar is very 
 crude and simple; its decorations tawdry, but they are 
 the best the Indians can afford. 
 
 On the 4th, it is the custom to perform wedding cere- 
 monies; at this service also women come in w4th great 
 baskets of bread which they take to the altar as an offer- 
 ing ; when the mass is over a procession is formed and the
 
 474 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Indians march to an open-air altar in the street; acolytes 
 head this procession and just behind an image of Santo 
 Domingo is carried under a muslin canopy. Behind these 
 come officers of the church and then the Indians — Pu- 
 eblos, Apaches, Navajos, Mexicans, Americans who may be 
 visiting here at the time and who are helping to celebrate 
 the feast. Out in the street on the rude altar the image 
 of the saint is placed and it is guarded by four Indians 
 armed with muskets. 
 
 About noon eight dancers appear on the roof of one of 
 the kivas of the pueblo and execute some very peculiar 
 evolutions, whereupon they descend and march around 
 the streets of the village. These are called Koshare ; they 
 are what Mr. Bandelier calls the Delight-makers. Every- 
 where they go they make fun for the multitude, crack 
 jokes and cut up all sorts of antics. The dancers are 
 almost naked; the arms are painted white and black in 
 stripes ; so is almost all of the body ; a band of everegreen 
 encircles the waist ; there are fur wristlets on the forearm 
 and bands of fur are crossed upon the breast; the face 
 is painted like a mask — hideous to behold, and there are 
 black marks around the eyes and mouth; the hair is 
 drawn up and parted in two masses above his ears, and 
 carries decorations of com shucks; in one hand is carried 
 a gourd rattle and clusters of deer and sheep hoofs are 
 around the waist; pretty soon he goes back into the kiva. 
 Presently, from another kiva, come more Koshare, and 
 these announce the coming of the dancers ; these look like 
 the Delight-makers, only they have evergreens instead of 
 fur on their breasts and the faces are striped longitudin- 
 ally in black and brown, and the hair is in one mass above 
 the head and carries feather and corn decorations. When 
 these have marched around a bit, there comes a band of 
 about sixty singers and one tombe beater from behind an 
 estufa or kiva; following them comes a man with a long 
 pole, on which is tied a scarf — a sort of standard, from 
 which also float many feathers and some skins of foxes are 
 hung on the pole ; following him. come ninety dancers all 
 in ceremonial garb ; the women are in black with red 
 waistbands, and green tablets stand upright on the head 
 of each; they carry bunches of cedar or piilon; the hair 
 is loose and their wrists are daubed with luminous paint; 
 the bodies of the men are painted a sort of reddish brown 
 from the waist up and from the knees down, but the fore- 
 arm and thigh are painted white with lines on them ; about
 
 THE SPANISH AKCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 475 
 
 the hips they wear ceremonial skirts and sashes with 
 knotted fringes, and in the hand of each is a gourd rattle, 
 in the other bunches of cedar or pifion ; the hair is loose 
 and is ornamented with feathers; on their feet are moc- 
 casins trimmed with white and black fur. In front and 
 behind from the waist hang beautiful fox and coyote skins 
 and around their necks all sorts of beads are strung. 
 
 The dancers march to the open space left for them and 
 begin to dance, while the chorus gives the music. The 
 standard bearer is the leader, or seems to be, for every 
 once in a while he lowers the pole, and every time tliis 
 is done the figure changes; the women advance, retreat, 
 and wheel around with short steps ; their forearms are out- 
 spread, their bodies erect, their feet keeping perfect time 
 to the chorus ; the men do not keep time ; they hop and 
 skip around, shout and shake their gourds; all is very 
 graceful, however, and they make no mistakes in the 
 figures, and these are very complicated. 
 
 Altogether this dance is a very quaint and weird per- 
 formance. 
 
 The authority for making these grants, in the manner 
 in which they seem to have been made, and the grant to 
 the puchlo of Sandia, as well, is to be found in the Royal 
 Cedulua of June 4, 1687, two years prior to Cruzate's al- 
 leged acts at El Paso. 
 
 An extract from the decree mentioned is as follows: 
 "Whereas, as in my Royal Council of the Indies, they 
 are ad\ased that the Marques de Falces (Don Gaston de 
 Peralta) Conde de San Estevan, Viceroy of the Province 
 of New Spain, issued an ordinance on May 28, 1567, by 
 which he ordered that each of the Indian Pueblos as 
 might need lands upon which to live and sow, should have 
 given to them five hundred varas, and more should it be 
 necessary; and that from that time forward there should 
 not be granted to anyone lands or grounds unless they 
 should be located a thousand varas, cloth or silk measure, 
 away from and separate from the pueblos and houses of 
 the Indians, and the lands five hundred varas removed 
 from said settlement, as is obvious from the evidence of 
 said ordinance which has reached the council — have been 
 contrary to custom, order and practice — have been en- 
 croached upon by owners of estates and lands, thereby de- 
 priving the Indians of them, and seizing upon them some- 
 times violently, sometimes fraudulently, for which cause
 
 476 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 the miserable Indians have lost their houses and towns, 
 which is what the Spaniards seek for and desire ; and ob- 
 taining these thousand or five hundred varas, which have 
 to be apart from the towns they measure from the church 
 or public house (ermita) which the people generally have 
 in the center of the place, and which happens to compre- 
 hend in them the whole plat of the town, whereby they 
 lose what had been given to them, it being necessary to 
 understand the last five hundred varas by the four winds, 
 which is arranged and commanded in the Laws XII and 
 XVIII, title xii, lib. iv de la Nueva Recopilacion de In- 
 dies; and on account of the many difficulties, losses, and 
 injuries which thus befell these poor natives, it has been 
 thought proper to command that such Indian Pueblos as 
 might need lands to live upon and cultivate, should have 
 given them not only five hundred varas, as the said or- 
 dinance provides, but whatever might be necessary, meas- 
 uring them from the farthest limits and houses of the 
 place, outwards by the four winds — thus five hundred 
 varas east, as many west, north and south, leaving always 
 the plat of the pueblos included as vacant place, giving 
 these five hundred varas of land not only to the chief or 
 capital pueblo, but all the rest that may ask for and need 
 them, as well in the pueblos already inhabited as those 
 which might hereafter be founded and peopled; so that 
 thus all might have land to cultivate, and upon which 
 their flocks may graze and feed, it being just and of my 
 royal charity to have a regard for the Indians, who, I am 
 informed, suffer so much injustice and trouble in view of 
 their being those who render more services, and enriching 
 my royal crown and all my vassals; with which design, 
 and seeing what in view of them and the said testimony 
 and Laws XII and XVIII of the Nueva RecovHacion de 
 Indies, the acting-general of my said council of the In- 
 dies has said and alleged, I have thought it best to order 
 and command, as by these presents I do, that in con- 
 formity with the ordinances which the Viceroy, conde de 
 San Esteban formed and decreed on the 24th of Mav. 
 1567, and the compiled laws referred to, that there shaU 
 be given and assigned generally to all the Indian Pueb- 
 los of New Spain for their farming lands, not only the 
 five hundred varas around the place of settlement, and 
 these measured from the church, but from the farthest 
 house of the place, as well eastward as westward as north 
 and south ; and not only the said five hundred varas, but a
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 477 
 
 hundred varas more, up to full six hundred varas; and 
 should the place or settlement be more than ordinarily 
 contracted, and should not seem sufficient for all, my 
 Viceroy for New Spain, and my Royal Court of Mexico, 
 shall take care, as I now charge and command them to 
 do, to set them apart a much larger quantity, and they 
 shall mark off and assign to the said place and settlements, 
 as many more varas of land as shall be necessary, without 
 limitation. 
 
 ' ' And as regards the pasture land, it is my will and or- 
 der that there shall not only be separated from the settle- 
 ment and Indian places, the thousand varas mentioned in 
 the said Ordinance of May 24, 1567, but even a hundred 
 varas more, and that these one thousand one hundred 
 varas shall be measured from the last house of the settle- 
 ment or place, and not from the church." 
 
 This was a decree of Felipe II, originally, and was re- 
 newed by Carlos II. 
 
 There seems to be small doubt today that the alleged 
 grants made to the Pueblo Indians by Governor and 
 Captain-General Don Domingo Jironza Cruzate, at El 
 Paso, in 1689, are spurious. There can also be no doubt 
 that had this fact been known to Congress when these 
 "grants" were confirmed and later patented, such action 
 would not have been based upon the so-called "grants," 
 copies of which I have given on previous pages. It is not 
 believed, however, that Congress would have refused to 
 confirm to the several pueblos their "league" of land. 
 The fact that each pueblo was entitled to a league of 
 land seems to be beyond question, as many of the archives, 
 petitions for other lands made to the several governors 
 and captain-generals, always recognize the "league" of 
 the Indians whenever it appeared that there was apt to 
 be a conflict as to boundaries. 
 
 After the organization of the court of private land 
 claims and the attorney for that court had become more 
 or less familiar with the archives, signatures of officers, 
 historical data, etc., aided by his able assistants, he came 
 to the conclusion that every one of the El Paso papers 
 bearing the signature of Cruzate, Ojeda, and others were 
 forgeries. This discovery was made by Mr. Will M. Tip- 
 ton, a recognized authority on such matters. 
 
 Mr. Tipton has prepared a resume in regard to all of 
 the "Pueblo Grants," the first to be prepared in such 
 concise form and for that reason given here as follows:
 
 478 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Pueblo of Jemez. 
 
 There are two Spanish documents in this ease, dated in 
 1689, and both are spurious; as, in fact, are all the grants 
 in New Mexico which purport to have been made to In- 
 dian Pueblos in that year. 
 
 It was surveyed in 1859 for a fraction over 17,510 
 acres and was patented in 1864. 
 Pueblo of Acoma. 
 
 There is one Spanish document in this case, dated 1689. 
 It refers to the Laguna Indians having moved near to 
 the Acomas on account of the water which the latter had 
 for irrigating. This statement purports to have been made 
 in the year 1689, whereas, it is a well-established histor- 
 ical fact that the pueblo of Laguna was not in existence 
 at that date and was not founded until ten years later. 
 
 It was surveyed in 1877 for a fraction over 95,791 acres 
 and was patented November 19, 1877. 
 
 Pueblo of Safi Juan. 
 
 There are two Spanish documents, both of 1689, neither 
 of which is genuine. Document "B" refers to the pueblo 
 of Laguna ten years before it was founded. The grant 
 was surveyed in 1859 for a fraction over 17,544 acres and 
 was patented in 1864. 
 
 Pueblo of Picunes. 
 
 The Spanish muniment in this case is also dated in 1689 
 and is not genuine. The grant was surveyed in 1859 for 
 a fraction over 17,460 acres and was patented in 1864. 
 
 Pueblo of San Felipe. 
 
 The Spanish document marked "A," dated 1689, is 
 not genuine. The Spanish document marked "B," dated 
 1770, formerly with this case, is a genuine document 
 and has been transferred to Private Land Claim Reported 
 No. 142, the Santo Domingo and San Felipe Grant. The 
 grant was confirmed December 22, 1858, surveyed in 1859 
 for a fraction over 34,766 acres, and patented in 1864 ; it 
 was re-surveyed in 1907 for a fraction over 33,692 acres. 
 
 Pueblo of Pecos. 
 
 The Spanish document "A," dated 1689, is not gen- 
 uine. The Spanish document marked "B," which is a 
 report of a conunittee of the Territorial Deputation of 
 
 New Mexico, see page , is a genuine document. The 
 
 document was probably executed between 1828 and 1830. 
 The grant was surveyed in 1859 for a little over 18,763 
 acres and was patented in 1864.
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 479 
 
 Pueblo of Cochiti. 
 
 The Spanish document, dated in 1689, is not genuine. 
 The property was surveyed in 1859 for a fraction over 
 24,256 acres and was patented in 1864. 
 Pueblo of Santo Domingo. 
 
 The Spanish documents in this case are lettered from 
 "A" to "H" inclusive. All of these are genuine, ex- 
 cept document "G," 1689, which is spurious. This docu- 
 ment contains several phrases that are taken bodily from 
 the Ojeda sabre Nuevo Mejico, by Antonio Barreyro, 
 Puebla, Mexico, 1832. 
 
 This fact seems to show that the date at which this 
 document, alleged to have been written in 1689, was ac- 
 tually written was not earlier than 1832. 
 
 The grant was surveyed in 1859 for a small fraction 
 over 74,743 acres and was re-surveyed in 1907 for an 
 area of a little more than 92,398 acres. It was patented 
 in 1864. 
 
 Pueblo of Taos. 
 
 There is no granting document in this case and the testi- 
 mony of the Taos Indians, taken before the surveyor-gen- 
 eral, August 2, 1856, shows that they did not have any 
 grant for their pueblo lands. 
 
 The only Spanish paper in the case is a letter from 
 Governor Alberto Maynez to Rev. Fr. Jose Benito Perey- 
 ro, the priest at Taos, dated April 15, 1815, informing the 
 latter that the governor had received his letter of the 11th 
 of that month, in regard to the measurement of the "Taos 
 League" and that he had issued a decree on April 15, 
 1815, to the chief alcalde of that district in regard to the 
 matter. See Archive 1357. The grant was confirmed De- 
 cember 22, 1858, was surveyed the followig year for a frac- 
 tion more than 17,360 acres and was patented in 1864. 
 
 Pueblo of Santa Clara. 
 
 There is no Spanish dccument in this case and the testi- 
 mony of the Indians themselves, taken before the sur- 
 veyor-general, June 16, 1856, shows that the witnesses had 
 never seen any grant, although the old men of the pueblo 
 said that there had been such a grant, which had been lost. 
 
 It was surveyed in 1859 for a little over 17,368 acres and 
 was patented in 1864. 
 
 Pueblo of Tesuque. 
 
 There is no Spanish document in this case. The tes- 
 timony of witnesses taken June 14, 1856, before the sur-
 
 480 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 veyor-general, shows that what they refer to as the ''title 
 deeds to the pueblo" were taken from the Indians by the 
 Mexican government to have copies made of them, with a 
 view to their validation, the originals being much torn and 
 that the papers were never returned to them. The grant 
 was surveyed in 1859 for 17,471 acres and was patented 
 in 1864. 
 
 Piiehlo of San Ildefonso. 
 
 There is no Spanish document in this case. The testi- 
 mony of the Indian witnesses, taken before the surveyor- 
 general in 1856, shows that the grant which the Indians 
 claim to have had, was taken to Santa Fe by the priest of 
 the pueblo, whose name was Tagle, for the purpose of hav- 
 ing a certified copy made of it, the original being torn and 
 scarcely legible and that it was never again seen by the 
 Indians; they do not fix the date of this occurrence, but 
 say "This took place many years ago." 
 
 The grant was confirmed in 1858, surveyed in 1859 for 
 a fraction over 17,292 acres, and patented in 1864. 
 
 Pueblo of Pojoaque. 
 
 There is no Spanish document in this case. The In- 
 dians testified, June 28, 1856, before the surveyor-general 
 that about forty years prior to that date the "title deed" 
 of the pueblo was presented in evidence in a suit between 
 the pueblo and a Mexican, which suit was tried before Bau- 
 tista Vigil, the alcalde of Chimayo, and that the document 
 had not again been heard of. The grant was confirmed in 
 1858, was surveyed in 1859 for a fraction over 13,520 acres, 
 and was patented in 1864, 
 
 Puehlo of Z'm. 
 
 The Spanish document marked "A" dated 1689, is not 
 genuine. The document marked "2" is apparently an 
 English translation of the Spanish document "A," in 
 private land claim "TT," in the name of the pueblos of 
 Zfa, Santa Ana, and Jemez. The grant was confirmed in 
 1858, along with the other pueblo grants, was surveyed in 
 1859 for a fraction over 17,514 acres, and was patented in 
 1864. 
 
 Pueblo of Sandia. 
 
 The two Spanish documents in this case are geniune. 
 The grant was confirmed in 1858, surveyed in 1859 for a 
 fraction over 24,187 acres, and was patented in 1864. 
 
 Pueblo of Isleta. 
 
 There is no Spanish document in this case. The testi-
 
 tyl^b-Mctv cyyta^'yv.e/^ 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Don Alberto Maynez, 
 Governor of New Mexico 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Don Joaquin Eeal 
 Aleneaster, Governor of New Mexico. 1805-1808. 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of Don .Joseph Manriqne, Governor of New 
 Mexico, 1810-1811. 
 
 fya2w^7n£ h(^(^' 
 
 Facsimile of Signature of General Bartolome 
 Baca, Governor of New Mexico, 182.3, 1825
 
 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 481 
 
 mony of the Indians, taken before the surveyor-general in 
 1856, shows that the grant had been deposited in the ar- 
 chives of the Territory, and that a man named Miguel An- 
 tonio Lobato had told the Indians that not long before he 
 had the grant in his hands ; that it was in the possession of 
 a man at Polaverda or Socorro, etc. The grant was sur- 
 veyed in 1859 for a fraction over 110,080 acres, and was 
 patented in 1864. 
 
 Puchlo of Nanihe. 
 
 There is no Spanish document in this case. The Indians 
 testified before the surveyor-general, September 29, 1856, 
 that the grant was delivered to the acting governor of the 
 Territory in connection with a case in which some Mexican 
 citizens were alleged to have trespassed upon the lands of 
 the Indians and was never thereafter seen or heard of. It 
 was confirmed in 1858, surveyed in 1859 for a fraction over 
 13,586 acres and resurveyed in 1903 for a little over 13,590 
 acres, and was patented in 1864. 
 
 Puchlo of Laguna. 
 
 The two Spanish documents in this case (A and B) are 
 both dated 1689 and are spurious. 
 
 One reason for the belief that document "B" is not 
 genuine is that on its fourth page is a disconnected, ram- 
 bling statement in regard to matters more or less intimately 
 connected with the early history of New Mexico, written 
 in the same hand as the three preceding pages and con- 
 taining a number of statements couched in precisely the 
 same words as those found in the book entitled Ojeada 
 sohre Nuevo Mejico, Antonio Barreyro, op. cit. In fact, 
 the first four words on page 4 of document " B " are those 
 which form the name of the book — ^'Ojeada sohre Nuevo 
 Mejico,'" which means "Glance over New Mexico." 
 
 "The contents of this fourth page of document 'B,' " 
 says Mr. Tipton, "has nothing to do with a grant to 
 the pueblo of Laguna ; the handwriting establishes the 
 fact that it was written by the same person who wrote 
 the so-called grant of 1689 ; its contents shows that it 
 contains statements taken bodily from a book published 
 in 1832 ; the signatures of the governor, his secretary and 
 the Indian witness, Bartolome Ojeda, are in the same 
 handwriting; the signature of the governor, when com- 
 pared with his signatures on Archive 1 and Archive 1124, 
 in the U. S. Survej^or-General's Office, at Santa Fe, and 
 with others on numerous documents formerly in the Ter- 
 ritorial Library at Santa Fe and now in the Library of 
 Congress, in Washington City, are clearly shown to be
 
 482 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 spurious; the surname of the secretary who purports to 
 sign the alleged grant with the governor appears as 
 'GuiTARA, ' while it is a well known fact that no person 
 of that name filled that position at that or any other 
 period in New Mexican history.' 
 
 "In view of the present status of this case these state- 
 ments in regard to this paper may not be important, but 
 they are true ; as it is also true that all the Indian grants 
 in New INIexico, purporting to have been made in 1689, 
 were WT-itten by the same hand which wrote this so-calleS 
 grant to Laguna, and are equally spurious." 
 
 The claim Qf a grant based on this document "B" was 
 recommended to Congress by the surveyor-general for 
 confirmation on November 22, 1872, but Congress took no 
 action. 
 
 A preliminar\^ survey was made in 1877 for an area of 
 more than 125,000 acres. 
 
 Many years later the claim was filed in the court of 
 private land claims and confirmation was sought upon 
 the same basis. 
 
 Inasmuch as the United States attorney for the court 
 of private land claims was convinced from the investiga- 
 tion he had made that the pueblo of Laguna was not 
 founded until 1699 — ten years after the date of the 
 muniment in question, he informed the attorney for the 
 Indians that he was prepared to prove that that docu- 
 ment was not genuine. 
 
 After making an investigation the attorney for the In- 
 dians, becoming convinced that he could not establish the 
 geunineness of the paper, abandoned the attempt to do 
 so and proceeded upon an entirely different theory in the 
 trial of the case. The court confirmed the grant in Oc- 
 tober, 1897. Under the decree of the court, it was sur- 
 veyed for an area of a fraction more than 17,328 acres 
 and patent issued in 1909. 
 
 Pueblo of Santa Ana. 
 
 There is no Spanish document in this case. The In- 
 dians, so they testified, had a "tradition" that they once 
 had a document or grant, but it had become mislaid. The 
 grant was confirmed in 1869 and was surveyed in 1876 
 for a fraction over 17,360 acres. It was patented April 
 25, 1883. 
 Puehlos of Zia, Santa Ana, and Jeniez. 
 
 This grant was made jointly to the three pueblos by 
 the Spanish governor of New Mexico in 1766.
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 483 
 
 The granting decree shows that the object of the grant 
 was to provide the Indians with lands for "pasturing the 
 stock and horses of the aforesaid three pueblos." 
 
 The surveyor-general approved the claim February 2, 
 1874, and recommended it to Congress for confirmation. 
 No action was taken on the recommendation. In 1877, a 
 preliminary survey was made for an area covering 
 382.849 acres. 
 
 The claim was filed with the court of private land claims 
 and in August, 1883, the case was tried and the claim re- 
 jected. 
 
 Pueblo of San Cristohal. 
 
 The Spanish document in this case is not genuine. There 
 are no other papers except a translation into English of 
 the spurious document. The pueblo was abandoned many 
 years ago. It was situated near Galisteo and was aban- 
 doned some time after the revolution of 1680. They 
 moved to a place above the site of the present town of 
 Santa Cruz, near the present pueblo of San Juan. 
 
 Puehio of Zuni. 
 
 There are two Spanish papers in this case. The one 
 dated 1689 is spurious. The claim was approved by the 
 surveyor-general in 1879, but Congress never acted upon 
 the claim. The surveyor-general believed that the sig- 
 nature of Governor Cruzate was genuine. The claim was 
 never tiled with the court of private land claims. The 
 grant was surveyed in 1880 for an area of 17,581 acres.
 
 484 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 
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 1— I I— I I— 1 !— I r-( 1— ( I— I— I— I— 1 c-j ij ej e] oj Cv) 01 ei ei
 
 THE SPANISH AECHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 493 
 
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 INDEX
 
 INDEX 
 
 Abadiano, Bias, 434 
 
 Abalos, Pedro de, 1 
 
 Abalos, Antonio de, 2 
 
 Abenbua, Lucas de, 7 
 
 Abeytia, Antonio de, 205 
 
 Abiquiu, inhabitants of, 25, 26, 27, re- 
 settlement, 28, 31, 32, 43, 76, 77, 
 pueblo, 141, re-settlement, 324, 329 
 
 Abrego, Juan de, 93, 113, 370 
 
 Abreu, Marcelino, 215, 298 
 
 Abreu, Eamon, 32, 122 
 
 Abreu, Santiago, 46, 62, 354 
 
 Aeoma, pueblo, 180, 181, 456-462, 478 
 
 Aganza, Jose Balentin de, 100 
 
 Aguilar, Eusebio de, 133 
 
 Aguilar, Juan Bautista, 193 
 
 Aguilar, Juan de, 30, 193 
 
 Aguilar, Luis, 66 
 
 Aguilar, Nasario, de, 33 
 
 Aguilar y Lopez, 49 
 
 Aguilera, Antonio de, 5 
 
 Aguilera y Issasi, Antonio, 97, 104, 
 145, 187 
 
 Alameda, people of, 27, 29, 166 
 
 Alameda tract, heirs of, 29, 99, 166, 
 310, 328, 381 
 
 Alamillo, re-settlement, 345, 350 
 
 Alamo de Culebra, 70 
 
 Alamo, rancho, 50, 71, 126 
 
 Alaraguia, Jose, 181 
 
 Alari, Juan Antonio, 112, 190, 239 
 
 Alari, Manuel, 113 
 
 Alarid, Ignaeio, 29 
 
 Alarid, Jesus Maria, 50 
 
 Alarid, Jose Antonio, 30 
 
 Alarid, Jose Ignaeio, 28 
 
 Alarid, Jose Nejiomuceno, 33 
 
 Alarid, Jose Eamon, 32, 49, 323, 373 
 
 Alba, Agapito de, 30 
 
 Alburquerque, 29, 30, 66, 68, ranches, 
 371 
 
 Alburquerque, Duke of, petition as to 
 soldiers, 391 
 
 Alcala, Lucas Manuel de, 239 
 
 Alderete, Juan de, 5 
 
 Alderete, Joaquin de, 28 
 
 Alencaster, Joaquin Rael de, governor, 
 166, 180, 181, 434 
 
 Alire, Juan Lorenzo, 33, 164 
 
 Alire, Miguel de, 105, 178 
 
 Alire, Tomas, 29 
 
 Allande, Pedro Maria de, governor, 
 
 30, 77, 180, 435 
 Altamira, Marques de, 324 
 Altaniirano, Antonio Tafoya, 25 
 Alto del Pino del Virgen, 120 
 Alvarez del Castillo, Juan Miguel, 141 
 Alvarez, Manuel, 329, citizenship, etc., 
 
 339-342 
 Alvear, Tomas de, 176 
 Alvear y Collado, Tomas de, 41, 292 
 Analco, 36, 37 
 Analla, Antonio, 143 
 Anaya Almazan, Francisco, 5, 147, 288 
 Anaya Almazan, Juana de, 356 
 Anaya, Francisco de, 27 
 Anaya, Juan de, 153 
 Ancon del Tejedor, 81 
 Angel, Francisco, 20 
 Angel, Francisco Xavier, 20 
 Angel, Jose Manuel, 33 
 Angel, Manuel, 33 
 Angel, Marcial, 28 
 Angostura, 34 
 Ansures, Salvador, 32 
 Ansures, Teresa, 19 
 Anton Qiico, grant, 267, 268, 269 
 Anza, Juan Bautista de, governor, 45, 
 
 76, 110, 113, record of grants, 363 
 Apaches, Faraon, 12 
 Apaches, Jicarillas, 20 
 Apaches, Navajos, 140, 159 
 Apaches, raids of, 189 
 Apodaca, Felipe de, 300 
 Apodaca, Inez de, 28 
 Apodaca, Jose, 196 
 Apodaca, Juan de, 205 
 Apodaca, Juan Estavan de, 12, 19 
 Apodaca, Nicolas de, 27, 86 
 Apodaca, Sebastian, 103, 178 
 Apodaca. Vicente, 27 
 Aragon, Eusebio, 184 
 Aragon, Fernando, 270 
 Aragon, Jose, Manuel, 30, war captain, 
 
 181 
 Aragon, Jose Miguel, 118
 
 506 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Aragon, Manuel, 182, 371 
 Aramburu, Antonio, 103, 105, 207 
 Aratia, Felipe de, 66, 68, 89 
 Arehibec, Juan de, 6, 9 inventory of 
 
 estate, 12, story ot, 113, 114, 115 
 Archibeque, Agustin de, 20 
 Archibeque, Maria de Guadalupe de, 
 
 29, 85 
 Archiveque, Maria de, 206 
 Archiveque, Miguel de, 19 
 Archives, inventory, 1715, 324, Cabil- 
 
 do, 330-338 
 Archuleta, Ana de, 4, 5 
 Archuleta, Gregorio, 4 
 Archuleta, Hilario, 74 
 Archuleta, J. Andres, 80, 169 
 Archuleta, Juan Antonio, 21, 90, 189, 
 
 211 
 Archuleta, Juan de, 98 
 Archuleta, Juan Jose de, 20 
 Archuleta, Marcial, 119 
 Archuleta, Miguel, 80 
 Archuleta, Pascual, 119 
 Archuleta, Salvador, 212 
 Arco del arrogo de Galisteo, 33 
 Arellano, Cristobal, 451 
 Arellano, Cristobal de, 145, 155 
 Ar^uello, Juana de, 152 
 Arias de Quiros, Diego, 5, reservoir, 
 
 10, 11, 12, 17, 19, 33, 66, 68, 69, 98, 
 
 135, 136, 152, 197, 278 
 Aricara, Indians, 21 
 Arkansas, river, settlement on, 328 
 Armendaris, Pedro de, 30, 46, 115, 354 
 Armenta, Antonio de, 29, 140, 164 
 Armenta, Joseph, 140 
 Armenta, Luis de, 38, 108 
 Armenta, Simon de, 179 
 Armijo, Antonio de, 28, 32, 118, 123, 
 
 294, 360 
 Armijo, Concepcion, 33 
 Armijo, Getrudis de, 29 
 Armijo, Isabel de, 28 
 Armijo, Jose Nestor, 47 
 Armijo, Josepha, 33, 92 
 Armijo, Joseph de 19 
 Armijo, Juan, 46, 329 
 Armijo, Juan Antonio, 31, 50, 96, 122 
 Armijo, Juan Cristobal, 197 
 Armijo, Julian de, 107 
 Armijo, Manuel, political chief, 28, 321, 
 
 governor, 62, 321, 349, 390 
 Armijo, Manuel de, 165 
 Armijo, Manuel, Segundo, 85 
 Armijo, Salvador, 30 
 Armijo, Vicente, 112 
 Armijo, Vincente Ferrer de, 123 
 
 Arroniz, Juan Francisco de, 209 
 
 Arroyo de en Media, 42 
 
 Arroyo de San Lorenzo, 79 
 
 Arroyo Seco, water rights, 380, 381 
 
 Arteaga, Gregorio de, 32 
 
 Arteaga, Manuel, 45, 76, 113, 141 
 
 Arvisu, Jose de, 202 
 
 Arze, Antonio, 113 
 
 Aseencion, Josepha de la, 28 
 
 Aspitia, Inez de, 5 
 
 Atencio, Antonio, 207 
 
 Atencio, Juan de, 164 
 
 Atencio, Lazaro, 29 
 
 Atienza Alcala y Escobar, Joseph de, 
 
 145 
 Atienza, Antonio de, 84 
 Atienza, Joseph de, 15, 100, 123, 150 
 Atienza, Juan de, 6, 7, 100, 123, 146 
 Atienza, Juan de Alcala, 231 
 Atienza, Lazaro de, 19, 324 
 Atrisco Tract, 43, 69, 75, 76, 90, 91, 
 
 101, 189, 320 
 Attencio, Antonio de, 83 
 Att^ncio, Cayetano de, 240 
 Autentica pre fide Jurobus, 137 
 Ayeta, Fr. Francisco de, 1 
 Ayuntamientos, 30, 32, 49, 50, 86, 87, 
 
 123, 143, 170, 329 
 Azuela, Manuel de, 180 
 
 Baca, Antonio, 41, 75 
 
 Baca, Baltazar, 44, 71, 104 
 
 Baca, Barbara, 45 
 
 Baca, Bartolome, governor, 45, 46, 168, 
 
 169, 213, 346, 348 
 Baca, Bernabe, 40, 74 
 Baca, Cristobal, 40 
 Baca, Diego Manuel, 35, 315 
 Baca, Estevan, 46 
 Baca, Francisco, Navajo, 271 
 Baca, Ignacio, 213 
 Baca, Isabel, 45 
 Baca, Jose, 46, 267 
 Baca, Jose Francisco, 47, 49, 50 
 Baca, Josef Maria, 45, 46 
 Baca, Joseph, 28, 43, 44, 160, 356 
 Baca, Josepha, 40 
 Baca Juan, 82 
 Baca, Juan Antonio, 142 
 Baca, Juan Cruz, 384 
 Baca, Juan Esteban, 49, 112 
 Baca, Juan Francisco, 111 
 Baca, Juan Jose, 49 
 Baca, Juan Manuel, 50 
 Baca, Juana, 73 
 Baca, Juana Maria, 45 
 Baca, Lorenzo, 111
 
 INDEX 
 
 507 
 
 Baca, Magdalena, 284 
 
 Baca, Manuel, 41, 46, 157, 241 
 
 Baca, Maria, 295 
 
 Baca, Maria Miquela, 50 
 
 Baca, Marina, 44 
 
 Baca, Marina de Jesus, 44, 315 
 
 Baca, Miguel, 44, 45, 142 
 
 Baca, Pablo, 42 
 
 Baca, Simon, 35 
 
 Baca, Tonias, 49, 50 
 
 Baca, Vicente, 89 
 
 Baca y Ortiz, Francisco, 62, 87 
 
 Baca y Pino, Francisco, 87 
 
 Baca y Terrus, Francisco, 275, 298 
 
 Badito del Arroyo, 32 
 
 Baldez, Ana, 66 
 
 Baldez, Domingo de, 200 
 
 Baldez, Mariano, 381 
 
 Ballejo, Antonio, 35 
 
 Ballejo, Bernardo, 101 
 
 Ballejo, Juan, 310 
 
 Ballejo, Manuel, 198 
 
 Ballejos, Barbara, 345 
 
 Ballejos, Catarina, 345 
 
 Ballejos, Matilda, 345 
 
 Bandelier, A. F., 13 
 
 Bancroft, H. H., 2, 4, 5, 12 
 
 Barba, pueblo of, 26 
 
 Barcelo, Marin Getrudes, 62 
 
 Barcelo, Trinidad, 50, 327 
 
 Barclay's Fort, 277 
 
 Barela, Felipe, 105 
 
 Barela, Jose Francisco, 80 
 
 Barela, Manuel Ramos, 208 
 
 Barela, Pedro, 29 
 
 Barela, Salvador, 40, 41 
 
 Barela, Tiburcio, 41 
 
 Barela, de Posada, Antonia, 133 
 
 Barela, de Posada, Pedro, 201 
 
 Bargas, Maurilo, 143 
 
 Barracks, Santa Fe, 324 
 
 Barreda, Domingo de la, 4, 33, 97 
 
 Barrera, Manuel de la, 50, 73 
 
 Barrio de Analco, 67 
 
 Barrio del Torreon, Santa Fe, 271 
 
 Barrios, Juan Antonio, 4 
 
 Bas Juan Gonzales, 30, 40, 82 
 
 Basquez, Joseph, 35 
 
 Basquez, Michaela, heirs of, 106 
 
 Beaubien, Carlos, 62, genealogy, 65 
 
 Bejar, Simona de, 35 
 
 Bejarana, Tomas de, 299 
 
 Bejil, Migviel, 113 
 
 Belarde, Francisco, 145 
 
 Belen Tract, 43, first settlers, 43, 73, 
 
 240 
 Bellijo, Fr. Manuel, 46 
 
 Benavides, Domingo, 84, 164 
 
 Benavides, Francisco Xavier, 99 
 
 Benavides, Fray, 78 
 
 Benavides, Jesus, 46, 47 
 
 Benavides, Jose Maria, 123 
 
 Benavides, Juan, 32, 40, 163 
 
 Benavides, Juana, 29, 40 
 
 Benavides, Juana de Ojeda, 140, 163 
 
 Benavides, La, 35 
 
 Benavides, Luis, 49, 39 
 
 Benavides, Miguel, 175 
 
 Benavides, Nicolas, 35 
 
 Benavides, Rafael, 47 
 
 Benavides, Tomas, 40, 41 
 
 Benjamin, J P., 62 
 
 Bereera, Tomas Antonio, 118 
 
 Bernal, Antonio, 188 
 
 Bernal, Barbara, 114 
 
 Bernal, Julian, 46 
 
 Bernal, Tomas, 46 
 
 Bernalillo, 29, 399 
 
 Beytia, Antonio de, 43, 154 
 
 Beytia, Diego de, 98, 145 
 
 Beytia, Juan de, 25 
 
 Beytia, Manuel, 156 
 
 Beytia, Rosalia de, 106 
 
 Bigil, Antonio, 33 
 
 Bitton, Gaspar, 27, 109 
 
 Blasquez, Jose, 126 
 
 Bocanegra, Jose Maria de, 275 
 
 Bohorquez y Coreuera, Francisco Jo- 
 seph Tomas de, 67, 68 
 
 Bohorquez y Coreuera, Joseph, 12, 19, 
 35, 37, 41, 62, 135, 151, 152, 187, 188 
 
 Bonanza, 12 
 
 Bonavia, Bernardo, 77, 343, 372 
 
 Bone, Santiago, 62 
 
 Borica, Diego de, 241 
 
 Borrego Diego, 45, 70 
 
 Borrego, Diego Basquez, 41 
 
 Bosque Grande, 169 
 
 Bosque Redondo, 80 
 
 Brito, Juan de Leon, 36, 37 
 
 Brito, Manuel, 44 
 
 Brito, Manuela, 29, 44, 84, 139 
 
 Brojas, Juan Rico de, 100 
 
 Burgos, Fr. Jose de, 93 
 
 Bustamante, Don Juan Domingo de, 
 governor, 15, trial, 17, 35, 36, 37, 38, 
 52, 64, 65, 68, 131, 132, 134, 135, 310 
 
 Bustamante, Joseph, 124 
 
 Bustamante, Josepha, 45 
 
 Bustamante, Manuel, 50, 215 
 
 Bustamante, Phelipe, 155 
 
 Bustamante, Ventura, 339 
 
 Bustamante, de, Bernardo, 112, 113
 
 508 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Bustaniante de Tagle, Bernardo, 25, 
 
 105, 178 
 Bnstamante Tag^le, Joseph, inventory, 
 
 etc., 74, 105. 106, 220, 321 
 Bnstamante y Tagle, Pedro Antonio, 28 
 Bustillos, Juan de la Paz, 187 
 Bnstos, Cristobal, 49 
 Bnstos, Jose Antonio, 45. 169 
 Bnstos, Juan Martin, 355 
 
 Caballero, Fr. Antonio, 357 
 
 Ca.ballero de Croix, 363 
 
 Cabeza de Baca, Luis Maria E. C. No. 
 
 20, children, 47, 354, court costs, 
 
 372, Las Vegas, 373, 435 
 Cabeza de Baca, Tomas, 81, 122 
 Cabrera, Gabriel de 133 
 Cabrera, Maria de, 66 
 Caceras, Clara Euiz de, oldest archive, 
 
 201 
 Cachupin, Don Tomas Velez, governor, 
 
 27, 28, 41, 43, 74, 75, 77 
 Cadena, Francisco, 293 
 Cadena, Maria Luisa, 294 
 Cadena, Pedro Velasquez de, 3 
 Cadiz, city. 393 
 Caja del Eio, grant. 19. 319 
 Calles. Josef Andres, 165 
 Campo Eedondo, Jose, 45, 113, 180 
 Campos, Maria de Jesus, 291 
 Canada de Cochiti, 357 
 Caiiada de Cundiyo, 313 
 Cafiada de Los Apaches. 70 
 Canada de Santa Clara. 283 
 Cafiada del Tio Leonardo. 201 
 Candelaria, Bentura de. 100 
 Candelaria, Bias de la. 141 
 Candelaria, Felix de la, 142 
 Candelaria. Francisco de la, 199 
 Candelaria, Juan, 116 
 Candelaria, Maria de la Lnz, 79 
 Candelaria, Ventura de, 68 
 Canela, Juan de Sosa. 147 
 Canela, Juana de Sosa, 310 
 Cafio, Ignacio, 185 
 Canon de Jemez, 77, 167 
 Canon de San Diego, 167, first settlers, 
 
 167 
 Canones de Eiano, 119 
 Canjuebe, Antonio, 77 
 Canjuebe, Francisco, 7, 8 
 Canjuebes. Indians, 371 
 Canseco, Sebastian, 278 
 Capilla de San Miguel, 238 
 Capitol, removal to Santo Domineo. 
 
 328 
 
 Captains-General, 1713-1715, commis- 
 sions, 327 
 
 Capulin, El, 413 
 
 Carabajal, Lorenzo de, 66 
 
 Carbono, Luis, 80 
 
 Cardenas, Petrona de, 75 
 
 Carillo, Juan, 71 
 
 Carillo, Miguel, 67 
 
 Carmona, Francisco de, 133 
 
 Carnuel tract, 29, claim, 76, 150, 
 Caiion, 297 
 
 Carrizal, 76 
 
 Garros, Juan de, 126 
 
 Carson, Christopher, testimony. Max- 
 well Grant, 60 
 
 Casa Colorado, 106 
 
 Casados, Antonio, 73 
 
 Casados, Francisco Joseph, 4, 5, 11, 
 66, 67, 206 
 
 Casados, Francisco Lorenzo de, 35, 66 
 
 Casados, Jose Antonio, 49, 50 
 
 Casillas, Bernardo, 12 
 
 Casillas, Diego, 269 
 
 Casillas, Manuel, 206 
 
 Casillas, Salvador, 74 
 
 Casillas, Tomas. 74 
 
 Castela, Getrudis, 142 
 
 Castela, Mariano, 266 
 
 Castellanos, Jose, 132, 145 
 
 Castillo, Ana Maria del, 80 
 
 Castillo, Joaquin, 371 • 
 
 Castrense, Capilla, 177 
 
 Castrillon, Antonio Alvarez, 4, 100 
 
 Castrillon, Manuel Alvarez. 147 
 
 Cebolleta. grant, 49, 76, 373 
 
 Cedula, Eeal, 6 
 
 Cerda, Juan Josef de la, 284 
 
 Cerrillos, 12, grant at, 15, 28 
 
 Cerrito, grant, 323, 324 
 
 Cerro Colorado, 70 
 
 Cerro del Oro, 346 
 
 Cevilleta, town, claim, 95, 78, 367 
 
 Chaco Mesa, 111, 159 
 
 Chacon, Fernando, governor, 45 
 
 Chacon, Francisco, 75 
 
 Cliacon, Medina Villaseiior, Joseph, 
 governor, 146, 198 
 
 Chama, 329 
 
 Chama, Partido de, 74 
 
 Cliama, river, 67 
 
 Chambers, Samuel. 80 
 
 Chaperito, 81, 329 
 
 Cliavez, Antonio, of Belen, 79 
 
 Chavez, Antonia de, 102, 234 
 
 Cliavez, Antonio de, 69, 75 
 
 Chavez, Buenaventura, 77 
 
 Chavez, Clara de, 66
 
 INDEX 
 
 509 
 
 Chavez, Diego Antonio, 76 
 
 Chavez, Domingo, 77, 371 
 
 Chavez, Fernando, 43, 83 
 
 Chavez, Francisco, 80 
 
 Chavez, Francisco Antonio, 76 
 
 Chavez, Francisco Xavier, 71, 371 
 
 Chavez, Geronimo, 384 
 
 Chavez, Ignacio, 75, 80 
 
 Chavez, Joaquin, 80 
 
 Chavez, Jose, 71, 80 
 
 Chavez, Jose Antonio, 32, 77, 80, 142, 
 
 324 
 Chavez, Jose de la Cruz, 80 
 Chavez, General Jose Maria, 114 
 Chavez, Leogarda, 32 
 Chavez, Maria, widow of Sebastian 
 
 Martin, 75 
 Chavez, Maria Antonia, 69 
 Chavez, Maria de, 82 
 Chavez, Miguel, 75 
 Chavez, Nicolas de, 40, 43, 69, 74, 75, 
 
 155, 234 
 Chavez, Pedro, 69, 75, 328 
 Chavez, Quiteria, 75 
 Chavez, Tomas, 75 
 
 Chavez, Ursula, 77, 79, 269, 270, 446 
 Chavez, Ventura, 142 
 Chavez, Vicente, Cura, 80 
 Chavez y Baca. Jose Francisco, 388 
 Chavez y Duran, Jose Antonio, 32 
 Chelli, 185 
 Cheyennes, 265 
 Chico, Payemo, 206 
 Chimayo, *88, 208 
 Chiriiios, Juan Manuel, 73, 76, 84, 92, 
 
 104, 133, 136, 151, 152, 153 
 Church, parish, 73, 147, 148, 187, 207, 
 
 317 
 Cienega, pueblo, 4, 12, 43, puesto, 123 
 
 178, 203 
 Cienega, Santa Fe, 10, 68, 81, 143, 
 
 grant, 345, 354, 362, 390 
 Cienega, de Los Garcias, 381 
 Cieneguilla, 12, 170 
 Cinnabar, 371 
 Cit Combenerit, 289 
 Coca, Don Miguel de, 37, 67, 178 
 Cochiti, pueblo, 46, 49, 74, 156, notes, 
 
 469-471, 360, 432, 434, 435, 478 
 Codallos y Rabal, governor, 21, 25, 26, 
 
 73, 74, 77, French and Comanehes, 
 
 148, 149, 150, 151, 363 
 Colonists, 391 
 Colonization, lands, 392 
 Colonization laws, 273, 274, 275, 1823, 
 
 327, 329, 339 
 
 Comanehes, 20, 148, 149, 150, attack 
 on Taos, 200, 328, 347 
 
 Concepeion, Pascuala de, 317 
 
 Concha, Don Fernando de la, governor, 
 15, 29, 44, 45, 113 
 
 Conde, Francisco Garcia, 329 
 
 Conejo, Maria Lopez, 279 
 
 Congress, Mexican, 385, decrees, titles, 
 393 
 
 Conquerors, rights of descendants, 362 
 
 Constitution, 1820, 323 
 
 Contreras, Casilda, 206 
 
 Contreras, Joseph de, 145 
 
 Copas, Jose Manuel, 122 
 
 Coquindo, Juan, 80 
 
 Cordero, Juan Ruiz, 310, 353 
 
 Cordoba, Ana Maria, 74 
 
 Cordoba, Jose Manuel, 172 
 
 Cordoba, Joseph, 74 
 
 Cordoba, Juan de Jesus, 80 
 
 Cordoba, Juan Euiz, 66, 68 
 
 Cordoba, Lazaro de, 66, 74, 279 
 
 Cordoba, Pedro, 74 
 
 Cordoba, Simon de, 129 
 
 Corral de Piedra, 108, 157 
 
 Cortes, Teresa, 76 
 
 Corvera, Jose Ibanez, 112 
 
 Cossio, Antonio Valverde de, 100, 144, 
 310 
 
 Crespin, Ci-istobal, 67, 68, 134, 135 
 
 Crespin, Diego, Antonio, 33 
 
 Crespin, Francisco, 33 
 
 Crespin, Gregorio, 71, 75, 209 
 
 Crespin, Rafael, 33 
 
 Cristobal, Fray, 1 
 
 Cruciaga, Antonio de, 36, 37, 38 
 
 Cruciaga, Manuel de, 152 
 
 Cruz, Juana de la, 67 
 
 Cruzat y Gongora, Don Gervaeio, gov- 
 ernor, 19, 35, 82, 346 
 
 Cruznte, Domingo Jironza de, 1, 2, 3, 
 394 
 
 Cubero, Don Pedro Rodriguez de, gov- 
 ernor, 6, 18 
 
 Cubero, Eancho de, 79, 385 
 
 Cuervo y Valdez, Don Francisco, gov- 
 ernor, 12, 18, 81, 397 
 
 Cuesta del Oregano, 136 
 
 Cuma, Camino Real de, 201 
 
 Cuyamungue, pueblo, 9, 45, 233 
 
 De Dias, Miguel, 311 
 De la Cruz, Leonardo, 157 
 De la Fuente, Joseph Antonio, 286 
 Delgado, Fray Carlos, informe, 17, 156 
 Delgado, Manuel, 45, will. 86, 113, 
 165. 180, 391
 
 510 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Del Norte, river, 5 
 
 Del Kio, Alonzo, 97 
 
 Departmental Assembly, members, 60, 
 
 175, foreigners, 276, 329, 330, 348 
 Deputation, Durango, 373 
 Deputation, Provincial, 86, 185, 213, 
 
 215, 377, Indians, 378-380 
 Deputation, Territorial, 31, 47, 87, 88, 
 
 185, 195, 196, 213, 214, 215, 384, 388 
 De Vargas, Alonzo, 304 
 De Vargas, Don Diego Zapata Lujan 
 
 Ponce de Leon, 2, 4, 5, 12, 15, 16, 
 
 18, Relacion Sumaria, 26, 34, 36, 
 
 coat of arms, 144, will, 301, 310 
 De Vargas, Juan Manuel, 304 
 De Vargas, Sebastian, 27, 36, 67, 71, 
 
 75, 132, 176, 241-264, 311 
 Dias del Castillo, Juan Manuel, 237 
 Dias del Castillo, Manuel, 158 
 Dimas, Joseph de, 92 
 Dolores, Nuestra Seiiora de Los, 28 
 Dominga, Maria, 86 
 Dominguez, Ana Maria, 81 
 Dominguez, Antonio, grant, 82, 106, 
 
 286 
 Dominguez, Benito, 81 
 Dominguez, Captain Thome, 1 
 Dominguez, Jose, 81 
 Dominguez, Josejjh, 81 
 Dominguez, Juana, 82, 132 
 Domingiiez, Leonor, 82 
 Dominguez, Pablo, 213 
 Dona Ana, colony, grant, 88 
 Don Fernando de Taos, grant, 390 
 Doniphan, A. W., 4 
 Dubus Ees de Vendi, 137 
 Duran, Agustin, 61, 87, 197, 446 
 DuraUj Antonia, 82 
 Duran, Antonio, 40 
 Duran, Cristobal, 42 
 Duran, Diego, 205 
 Duran, Joseph, grant, 82 
 Duran, Josepha, 126 
 Duran, Juan, 84 
 
 Duran, Juan Joseph, 42, 85, 86, 240 
 Diiran, Luis, 41 
 Duran, Matias, 31 
 Duran, Miguel, 68 
 Duran, Nicolas, 82 
 Duran, Salvador, 86 
 Duran, Sebastian, 299 
 Duran, Vicente Ferrer, 118 
 Durana, Chatalina, 84 
 Duran de Armijo, Antonio, 6, 7, 8, 22, 
 
 77, 83, 84, 132, 145, 207, 294 
 Duran de Armijo, Fray Antonio, letter 
 to governor, 148, 149 
 
 Duran de Armijo, Manuel, 85 
 
 Duran de Armijo, Maria Gertrudes, 83 
 
 Duran de Armijo, Maria Rosalia, 360 
 
 Duran de Armijo, Rosa, 82 
 
 Duran de Armijo, Vicente, grant, 21 
 
 Durango, Bishop of, 19 
 
 Duran y Chavez, Antonio de, 112 
 
 Duran y Chavez, Fernando, 81, 350 
 
 Duran y Chavez, Jose, 86, 240 
 
 Duran y Chavez, Juan, 240 
 
 Duran y Chavez, Manuel, 239 
 
 Duran y Chavez, Nicolas, tract, 241 
 
 Duran y Cliavez, Pedro, 1 
 
 Eaton, E, W., grant, San Cristobal, 94 
 
 Education, Indians, 393 
 
 Eguijosa, Francisco Antonio de, 11, 88 
 
 El Bado, 32, meaning, 154 
 
 El Canyon, 96 
 
 El Chopo, 144 
 
 Ellison, Harvey, 384 
 
 El Paso, 1, 2, 25, 76, meaning, 154, 
 
 189, ayuntamiento, 377 
 El Eito," rancho, 79 
 
 El Sitio del Pueblo de la Cienega, 203 
 El Tajo, 187 
 Embudo, 311 
 Eneinal, 169, 185 
 Engle, 2 
 
 Enriquez, Miguel, 83 
 Esealante, Fr., 2 
 Escobedo, Juan Leon Oneto, 105 
 Esperanza, Pedro Buen-Amigo, 89 
 Espexo, Francisco de Jesus, 355 
 Espinosa, Miguel de, 208 
 Espinosa, Salvador de, 88, 208 
 Espinosa, Tadeo, 208 
 Esquibel, Antonio A., 89 
 Esquibel, Buenaventura, 93 
 Esquibel, Clemente, 89 
 Esquibel, Francisco, 90 
 Esquibel, Jose, 88, 111 
 Esquibel, Ventura, 88 
 Estiercoles, Taos, 171 
 Estrada, Bartolome, de, 3 
 Estrada, Jose, 89 
 Estufas, Isleta, 328 
 
 Families, heads of, San Miguel Coun- 
 ty, 1855, 324, 327 
 
 Fe-Jiu, pueblo, 26 
 
 Fernandez, Bartolome, 76, 94, 140, 159, 
 239 
 
 Fernandez, Carlos, 90, 92, 111, 112, 
 295 
 
 Fernandez, Domingo, 93, 94; Eaton 
 Grant, 94, 96, 97; 122, 143, 201, 214
 
 INDEX 
 
 511 
 
 Fernandez, Felipe Sandoval de, 159 
 
 Fernandez, Jose D., 122 
 
 Fernandez, Juan Antonio, 93, 111 
 
 Fernandez, Juliana, 92 
 
 Fernandez, Martin, 89, 157 
 
 Fernandez, Rafael, 96, 215 
 
 Fernandez, Rosa Martina, 157 
 
 Fernandez, Santiago, 79, 93 
 
 Fernandez de la Pedrera, Bartolome, 
 110 
 
 Fernandez de la Pedrera, Maria, 89, 
 111 
 
 Fernandez de la Pedrera, Phelipe de 
 Sandoval, 238 
 
 Fernandez de Salazar, Juan Joseph, 90 
 
 Fernandez de Taos, 265 
 
 Figueroa, Ignacio Cornelio, 111 
 
 Finea Rustica, 330 
 
 Flores, Candelaria, 49 
 
 Flores, Juana Gertrudes, 163 
 
 Flores, Juana Teresa, 163 
 
 Flores, Juliana, 163 
 
 Flores, Lucas, 89 
 
 Flores Mogollon, Don Ignacio, govern- 
 or, Sumas Indians, 397 
 
 Flores, Santiago, 144 
 
 Foreigners, 273, departmental assem- 
 bly's decision, 276 
 
 Fragoso, Francisco Xavier, 90, 138, 
 159, 210, 239 
 
 Fragoso, Gabriel, 90 
 
 Frayles, revolution of 1680, 231 
 
 Frenchmen, 20, 21, 148, 149, 150, fire- 
 arms, 391 
 
 Fresques, Adauto Isidro, 296 
 
 Fresques, Antonio, 66 
 
 Fresques, Jose, 35, 176 
 
 Fresquis, Joseph, 314 
 
 Fresquis, Juan Antonio, 316 
 
 Fuenclara, 20, 128 
 
 Fuenclara, Conde, de, 73 
 
 Fuera, Luiz, 106 
 
 Galisteo, 15, 30, ayuntamiento, 46, 
 
 266, 267, pueblo, 301, 360 
 Gallegos, Antonio, 100 
 Gallegos, Cristobal, 112 
 Gallego, Diego, 101, 311, 399, grant, 
 
 400 
 Gallegos, Domingo, 119 
 Gallegos, Domingo, Segundo, 119 
 Gallegos, Francisco, 119 
 Gallegos, Helena, grant, 371 
 Gallegos, Jose Mareelo, 111 
 Gallegos, Jose Maria, 120 
 Gallegos, Juan, 107, 110 
 Gallegos, Juan Roque, 112 
 
 Gallegos, Juan Tomasa, 108 
 
 Gallegos, Julian, 119 
 
 Gallegos, Manuel, 27, 28, 42, 106, 119 
 
 Gallegos, Maria de la Luiz, 122 
 
 Gallegos, Miguel, 113 
 
 Gallegos, Pedro, 118 
 
 Gallegos, Ramon, 119 
 
 Gallegos, Tomas Antonio, 118 
 
 Gallardo, Pedro, Lopez, 135, 233 
 
 Galvan, Mariano, 8 
 
 Galvana, Juana, 75 
 
 Gamboa, Cristobal, 108 
 
 Garcia, Alonzo, 1 
 
 Garcia, Antonia, 102, 113 
 
 Garcia, Antonio, grant, 113, 114 
 
 Garcia, Antonio, Jose, 119 
 
 Garcia, Cristobal, 68 
 
 Garcia, Felix, 267 
 
 Garcia, Francisco, 30, 70, 97, 98, 101, 
 
 109, 112, 113, 119,267 
 Garcia, Fray Andres, 112 
 Garcia, Jose Domingo, 122 
 Garcia, Jose Victor, 122 
 Garcia, Joseph, 102, 103 
 Garcia, Juan, 50, 71, 118 
 Garcia, Juan Cristobal, 113 
 Garcia, Juan Estevan, 101 
 Garcia Jurado, Barbara, 106 
 Garcia Jurado, Jose, 5 
 Garcia Jurado, Ramon, 105, 127, 128, 
 
 132, 145, 316 
 Garcia Jurado, Toribio, 111 
 Garcia, Lazaro, 102 
 Garcia, Luciano, 114 
 Garcia, Luis, 81, 105 
 Garcia, Marcial, 207 
 Garcia, Martin, 66, 97 
 Garcia, Mateo, 360 
 Garcia, Miguel, 122 
 Garcia, Nicolas, 107 
 Garcia, Pablo, rancho, 79 
 Garcia Pareja, Manuel, 42. 44, 75 
 Garcia, Rafael, 360 
 Garcia, Ramon, 112 
 Garcia, Salvador, 112 
 Garcia, Santiago, heirs of, 298 
 Garcia Villegas, Juan Ignacio, 42 
 Garcia, Xavier, Socorro tract, 115 
 Garcia de la Mora, Antonio Josef, 111 
 Garcia de la Mora, Jose, 114 
 Garcia de la Mora, Juan, 25, 102 
 Garcia de la Mora, Juan Eusebio, 120 
 Garcia de las Rivas, 102 
 Garcia de Las Rivas, Juan, 4, 11, 12, 
 
 35, 66, 67, 98, 99, 100, 123, 124 
 Garcia de Las Rivas, Juan Jose, 97
 
 512 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Garcia de Las Eivas, Miguel, 127 
 Garcia de Los Eeyes, Juan, 107 
 Garcia de ^^oriega, Joaquin, 111, 135, 
 
 315 
 Garcia de Noriega, Juan, 1, 19, 99, 
 
 133, 176, 231, 355 
 Garcia de Noriega, Juan Estevan, 19, 
 
 grant, 101, 102, 106, 188, 300 
 Garcia de Noriega, Lazaro, 102, 234 
 Garcia de Noriega, Luis, 105 
 Garcia de Noriega, Maria, 66, 97 
 Garcia de Noriega, Kosalia, 106 
 Garcia de Noriega, Salvador, 200, 240 
 Garduiio, Bartolome, 4, 84 
 Garduiio, Eduarda Rita, 113 
 Garduno, Felipe, 106 
 Garduiio, Francisco, 25, 112 
 Garduiio, Gregorio, 25, 36, 37, 38, 135 
 Garduiio, Joseph, 107 
 Garduiio, Joseph Miguel, 105, 107, 112 
 Garduiio, Julian, 123 
 Garduno, Maria Diega, 107 
 Garvisu, Manuel, 43 
 Garvisu, Manuel Bernardo, 41, 238 
 Garvisu, Manuel Sanz de, 103, 112, 178 
 Gavaldon, Maria Antonia, 112 
 Gavaldon, Juan, 103, grant, 107 
 Gavaldon, Juan Manuel, 105 
 Gayegos, Julian, 33 
 Gaytan, Diego, 286 
 Genizaros, 26, 27 
 Gilthomey, Jose Maria, 123 
 Gilthomey, Joseph Antonio, 98 
 Gilthomey, Joseph Manuel, 4, 67, 98, 
 
 99, 176 
 Gilthomey, Rosalia, 28, 238 
 Giron, Dimas, 110 
 Giron, Juan Antonio, 41 
 Giron de Tejeda, Dimas, 206 
 Godines, Antonio, 100, 147, 279, 316 
 Gomes del Castillo, Juan, 158 
 Gomez, Diego, 107 
 Gomez, Petrona, 100 
 Gomez de Chavez, Pedro, 40 
 Gomez del Castillo, Francisco, 127, 158 
 Gomez Robledo, Francisco, 1 
 Gongora, Cristobal de, 66, 67, 74, 79, 
 
 145, 146, 161, 162, 193, 197, 198 
 Gongora, Gregorio de, 103 
 Gonzales, Alejandro, 102 
 Gonzales, Antonio, 124, 295 
 Gonzales, Antonio Bas, 98 
 Gonzales, Bautista, 296 
 Gonzales, Cristobal, 118 
 Gonzales, Diego, 97, 98, 102 
 Gonzales, Felipe, 120 
 Gonzales, Francisco, 44, 111 
 
 Gonzales, Isabel, 97 
 
 Gonzales, Joseph, 102 
 
 Gonzales, Juan, 99, 132, 353 
 
 Gonzales, Juan Angel, 102, 356 
 
 Gonzales, Juan Bas, 101, 102 
 
 Gonzales, Juan Francisco, 112 
 
 Gonzales, Leonardo, 21 
 
 Gonzales, Marcial, 27 
 
 Gonzales, Maria, 71 
 
 Gonzales, Maria Candelaria, 106 
 
 Gonzales, Miguel, 215 
 
 Gonzales, Nicolasa, 295 
 
 Gonzales, Pedro Antonio, 112 
 
 Gonzales, Prudencia, 298 
 
 Gonzales, Rafael, 122 
 
 Gonzales, Rosalia, 111 
 
 Gonzales, Salvador, 103, 281 
 
 Gonzales, Sebastian, heirs of, 103 
 
 Gonzales, Theodora, 102 
 
 Gonzales de la Cruz, Francisco, 106 
 
 Gonzales de la Rosa, 316 
 
 Gonzales de Parral, Juan Antonio, 208 
 
 Gorraez, Joseph de, 329 
 
 Gotera tract, 384 
 
 Governors, list of, 1770-1840, 324 
 
 Granillo, Luis, 202 
 
 Granillo, Maria, 67 
 
 Grants, abandoned, 342 
 
 Griego, Alonzo, 102 
 
 Griego, Catalina, 278 
 
 Griego, Faustin, 126 
 
 Griego, Jose Antonio, 113 
 
 Griego, Josef a, 99, 113 
 
 Griego, Juan, 197 
 
 Griego, Juana, 98, 278 
 
 Griego, Lorenzo, 19 
 
 Griego, Luis, 123 
 
 Griego^ Maria, 98, 99, 104, 278 
 
 Griego, Nicolas, 19, 99, 134 
 
 Griego, Pedro, 99 
 
 Groslee, Santiago, 33 
 
 Guadalajara, Royal Audiencia, 42 
 
 Gruciaga, Antonio, 35, 82 
 
 Gueiosa, Francisco Antonia, 100, 205, 
 
 206, 287, 362 
 Guerrero, Antonio, 177 
 Guerrero, Francisco, 27, 28, 41, 43, 107, 
 
 169, 170, 174, 208, 238, 349 
 Guerrero, Fr. Joseph Antonio, 104 
 Guijosa, Antonio de, 281 
 Gurule, Antonio, 105 
 Gurule, Juan Antonio, 212 
 Gurule, Toribio, 118 
 Gusano, El, 296 
 Gutierrez, Alejo, 100, 133, 206 
 Gutierrez, Antonio, 101 
 Gutierrez, Bartolome, 138
 
 INDEX 
 
 513 
 
 Gutierrez, Clemeute, 77, 113 
 Gutierrez, Felipe, 81 
 Gutierrez, Francisco, 103 
 Gutierrez, Gregorio, 105 
 Gutierrez, heirs of, 193 
 Gutierrez, Jose, 115, 433 
 Gutierrez, Juan Isidro, 115 
 Gutierrez, Lorenzo, 77 
 Gutierrez, Maria, 100, 133, 206 
 Gutierrez, Maria de los Eeyes, 123 
 Gutierrez, Maria Victoria, 115 
 Gutierrez, Mateo, 163 
 Gutierrez, Pedro Miguel, 115 
 Gutierrez de Figueroa, Antonio, 5 
 Gutierrez de los Eios, Gaspar, 66, 99 
 
 Hacienda de San Juan Bautista del 
 Ojito del Rio de Las Gallinas, 344 
 
 Hague, William, 270 
 
 Half breeds, Santa Fe, 339, settle at 
 Sandia, 353 
 
 Hall's Mexican Law, 8 
 
 Hemenway expedition, 13 
 
 Hernandez, Joseph Anastacio. 168 
 
 Hernandez. Fray Juan Joseph, 156 
 
 Herrera, Antonio de, 181 
 
 Herrera, Domingo de, 158 
 
 Herrera, Francisco, 88 
 
 Herrera, Joseph de, 102, 124 
 
 Herrera, Juan Bautista de, 124 
 
 Herrera, Juan Manuel de. 88, 124, 127 
 
 Herrera, Maria de, 27, 35. 107, 158, 
 176, 237 
 
 Herrera, Mariano de, 168 
 
 Herrera, Miguel de, 161 
 
 Herrera, Sebastian, 2. 201, 202, 203 
 
 Herrera, Teresa de, 185 
 
 Herrera, Tomas de, 187 
 
 Herrera y Sandoval. Teresa. 123 
 
 Herrera y Sandoval. Tomas, 123 
 
 Holiba, Pedro de, 208 
 
 Holguin, Juan de la Cruz, 111 
 
 Homayo, pueblo, 26 
 
 Hosio, Fray Francisco de. 94, 113 
 
 Houghton, Joab, 276 
 
 Houiri, pueblo, 26 
 
 House, government, Santa Fe, 326 
 
 Hoyo de Mendoza, Joseph Gonzales, 
 147 
 
 Hulibarri, Antonio de, 36, 71 
 
 Hulibarri, Juan Antonio de, 104 
 
 Hurtado, Bartolo, 124 
 
 Hurtado, Joseph, 158 
 
 Hurtado, Juan, 158 
 
 Hurtado, Juan Paez, governor, 12, col- 
 onists. 18; 67, 69, 81, 83, 88, 123, 
 124, 398 
 
 Hurtado, Maria, 124 
 Hurtado, Martin, 66, 200 
 Hurtado, Miguel, 168 
 Hurtado, Miguel Geronimo, 168 
 Hurtado de Mendoza, Joseph, 128 
 
 IcuzA Y Elizondo, Juan Joseph de, 
 124 
 
 Idalgo, Nicanor, 80 
 
 Inventario de Diligencias, 320 
 
 Ipalenzia, Manuel Ramon, 146 
 
 Irigoyen, Fr. Joseph, 105 
 
 Irigoyen, Martin, 113 
 
 Isleta, pueblo, 45, 70, 71, 143, 187, 188, 
 189, reestablished, 305, 440, 448, 480 
 
 Iturrieta, Joseph Mariano de Los Do- 
 lores, 287 
 
 Iturrieta, Pedro, 32, 43, 111 
 
 Jacona, pueblo, 8, 204 
 
 Jalona, Dolores, 270 
 
 Jaquez. Juan Joseph, 237 
 
 Jaramillo, Cristobal, 34 
 
 Jaramillo, Geronimo, 40, 70 
 
 Jaramillo, Ignacio, 90 
 
 Jaramillo, Joseph, 128 
 
 Jaramillo, Juan Barela, 34 
 
 Jaramillo, Juan de, 128 
 
 Jaramillo, Luis, 128 
 
 Jaramillo, Ramon Jacinto, 127 
 
 Jaramillo, Xavier, 128 
 
 Jemez, Caiion de, 77 
 
 Jemez, pueblo. 2, 92, 311, 421, 422, 
 
 451, 452, 453, 477, 478, 481 
 Jicarilla. post, 391 
 Jiron, Dimas, 92, 206 
 Jiron, Maria, 97 
 Jiron de Xeda, Tomas, 97 
 Jollanga, Bonifacio, 141 
 Jorge de Bera, Isabel, 126 
 Jo-so, 26 
 
 Jo-so-ge. pueblo, 26, 27 
 Juanatilla, 74 
 
 Juanjuebe, Juan Esteban, 128 
 Juan Toboso, Caiiada de, 237 
 Jumanes, pueblo de, 347 
 Junta de Fomento de Miner ia, 346 
 .Junta de Guerra, 1 
 Jurado, Catalina, 128 
 Jurado, Francisco, 119 
 
 Ka-Po, pueblo, 13 
 
 Kearnv, Stephen W., brigadier-general 
 
 U. S. A., proclamation, 327 
 Kiowas, Indians, 347 
 
 Labadia, Domingo, 164 
 La Cuesta, 31
 
 514 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 La Cueva de Los Pescadores, 80 
 Ladron de Guevara, Ignacio, 215, 298 
 Ladron de Guevara, Miguel, 97, 98 
 La Garza, Florencio, 123 
 Lain, Joaquin, 112 
 Lago, Juan Gabriel, 165 
 Laguna, Marques de La, 3 
 Laguna, pueblo, 30, 76, 180, 388, 389, 
 
 441, 442, 443, 481 
 Laguna purchases, 184 
 Lagunita del Rio Puerco, 159 
 La Lande, Juan Bautista, 21 
 La Lusera, 112 
 
 La Majada, tract, 49, 168, 230, 371 
 Lamelas, Fernando, 165 
 Lamy, grant, 214 
 Land grants, 363 
 Land laws, 1842, 343 
 Land of Sunshine, 148 
 Lands, purchase, etc., 1, 370 
 Lands, settlement, 325, 326 
 Langham, John S., 143 
 Larragoite, Benito Antonio, 175 
 Larraiiaga, Cristobal, 113, 180 
 La Salle, Robert, Cavalier, expedition, 
 
 13 
 Las Trampas, grant, 289 
 Las Trampas, rancho, 83, 142, 143 
 Laureano, Juan, 86 
 Leal, Nicolas, 107 
 Ledesma, Juan de, 28, 165, 210 
 Leon, Alonzo de, governor, 13 
 Leon, Juan, 27 
 Leon, Pedro Joseph, 188, 362 
 Lerud (Leroux), Antonio, 143, 144 
 Leyba, Angela de, 281 
 Leyba, Antonio de, 132 
 Leyba, Carmen, 144 
 Leyba, Joseph de, 136 
 Leyba, Juan Angel, 136 
 Leyba, Luis Francisco, 294 
 Leyba, Simon de, 136, 139 
 Leyba y Mendoza, Maria de, 123 
 Limpia Concepcion, 20 
 Lisarras y Gamboa, Jose Joaqiun, 86 
 Lobato, Agustin, 138, 311 
 Lobato, Antonio Joseph, 293 
 Lobato, Bartolome, 67, 132, 133, 230, 
 
 299, 451 
 Lobato, Bias, 209 
 Lobato, Cayetano, 135, 311 
 Lobato, Domingo, 106 
 Lobato, Gregorio, 158 
 Lobato, Jose Manuel, 140 
 Lobato, Juan Cayetano, 138 
 Lobato, Juan Domingo, 290 
 
 Lobato, Juan Joseph, 27, 40, 41, 290, 
 293 
 
 Lobato, Juan Tomas, 288 
 
 Lobato, Maria Francisca, 143 
 
 Lobato, Miguel Antonio, 172 
 
 Lobato, Pedro, 47 
 
 Lobato, Roque, 92, 179 
 
 Lobera, Francisco, 179 
 
 Lo de I3asquez, 35, 301 
 
 Lo de Padia, 71, 143 
 
 Lopez, Antonio, 133 
 
 Lopez, Antonio Jose, 140 
 
 Lopez, Bias, 77 
 
 Lopez, Carlos, 82 
 
 Lopez, Geronimo, 138, 139, 140 
 
 Lopez, Jose, 132 
 
 Lopez, Jose Antonio, 111 
 
 Lopez, Juan, 132 
 
 Lopez, Manuel, 138 
 
 Lopez, Maria Josepha, 112, 136, 138 
 
 Lopez, Pedro, 36, 37 
 
 Lorenz, Manuel Antonio, 239 
 
 Losano, Ignacio, 19, 140 
 
 Losano, Joseph, 138 
 
 Losano, Juan, 138 
 
 Losano, Maria Manuela, 138 
 
 Los Corrales, 33 
 
 Los Lunas, 77, 141 
 
 lios Quelites, 70, 200, Comanche at- 
 tack, 20, 372 
 
 Los Valles de Santa Getrudis de Lo 
 de Mora, 33, 143, 144 
 
 Los Trigos, 296 
 
 Louisiana, colonists, 367 
 
 Lucero, Bernardo, 142, 143 
 
 Lueero, Diego, 144 
 
 Lucero, Juan, 143, 207 
 
 Lucero, Julian, 144 
 
 Lucero, Manuel, 28, 102 
 
 Lucero, Manuela, 102 
 
 Lucero, Maria Antonia, 367 
 
 Lucero, Miguel, 27, 111, 138 
 
 Lucero, Nicolas, 82 
 
 Lucero, Pedro, 68, 82 
 
 Lucero de Godoy, Antonio, 97, 130, 131 
 
 Lucero de Godoy, Antonio, or Antonio 
 Martinez, 130, 131, 145, 203, 231 
 
 Lucero de Godoy, Francisco Mateo, 5 
 
 Lucero de Godoy, Juan, 202, 129, 239 
 
 Lucero de Godoy, Juan de Dios, 17, 
 203 
 
 Lucero de Godoy, Nicolas, 201 
 
 Luis Marie, 391 
 Lujan, Ana, 33, 144, 145 
 Lujan, Antonio, 31 
 Lujan, Francisco, 140 
 Lujan, Isabel, 140, 239
 
 INDEX 
 
 515 
 
 Lujan, Josepha, 68, 99, 133, 145 
 
 Lujan, Juan, 101, 138, 311 
 
 Lujan, Juan Antonio, 106, 156 
 
 Lujan, Juan Jose, 138, 143, 384 
 
 Lujan, Juana, 133 
 
 Lujan, Miguel, 135 
 
 Luna, Antonio, de, 141, 142, 164, 165, 
 
 200 
 Luna, Domingo de, 76, 105, 141, 295 
 Luna, Joaquin de, 115, 240 
 Lucero, Antonio de Jesus, 179 
 Lucero, Antonio Salado, 110 
 
 Madariaga, Francisco IgTiacio de, 94, 
 
 343 
 Madrid, Antonio, 161 
 Madrid, Antonio Xavier, 168 
 Madrid, Cristobal, 160, 163, 240 
 Madrid, Jose Ignacio, 45, 169, 381 
 Madrid, Joseph, 299 
 Madrid, Lorenzo, 4, 5, 97, 126, 145, 
 
 230 
 Madrid, Matias, 299 
 Madrid, Koque, 4, lead mine, 18, 98, 
 
 144, 146, 152, 169 
 Madrid, Tomas, 25, 112, 128, 163, 165 
 Maese, Antonia, 19 
 Maese, Bernardo de Sena, 164, 241 
 Maese, Catarina, 155 
 Maese, Felix, 278 
 Maese, Francisca, 19 
 Maese. Francisco, 207 
 Maese, Joseph, 164 
 Maese, Juan de Dios, 324, 388, 389, 
 
 175 
 Maese, Luis, 144 
 Maese, Maria Micaela, 166 
 Maldonado, Jose, 92, 111, 159, 163, 
 
 will, 165, 180 
 Maldonado, Jose Manuel, 386 
 Maldonado, Jose Miguel, 180 
 Mallet Brothers, 20 
 Mangino, Eafael, 392 
 Manrique, Jose, governor, 45, 77, 114, 
 
 421 
 Manuelita, grant, 175 
 Manzanares, Andres, 164 
 Manzanares, Juan, 315 
 Manzanares, Manuel, 164 
 Manzano, 119, 298 
 Mares, Jose, 138, 165 
 Mares, Manuel, 166 
 Mares, Nicolas, 161 
 Marie, Louis, 20, 266 
 Marin, Joaquin, 105 
 Marin de Valle, Francisco, Antonio, 
 
 42, 43 
 
 Margue, Diego Antonio, 128 
 
 Marques, Antonia, 6 
 
 Marques, Bartolome, 158, 163, 296 
 
 Marques, Pedro, 1 
 
 Marques de Ayala, Joseph Miguel, 153 
 
 Marquez, Ana Maria, 200 
 
 Marquez, Diego Antonio, 138 
 
 Marquez, de Ayala, Maria, 166 
 
 Martin, Alejo, 145 
 
 Martin 
 
 161, 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 
 152, 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 
 154, 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 
 169 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 Martin 
 
 Antonio, 19, 27, 152, 155, 157, 
 188, 237 
 
 Antonio Elias, 295 
 Cristobal, 11, 119, 146, 147, 
 153, 154, 158 
 
 Diego, 123, 204 
 
 Diego Antonio, 168 
 
 Domingo, 144 
 
 Francisco, 146, 147, 152, 153, 
 157, 161, 206 
 
 Geronimo, 154, 160 
 
 Getrudis, 160 
 
 Hernando, 28 
 
 Ignacio, 154 
 
 Isidro, 138, 159, 200, 294 
 
 Jacinto, 154, 155, 237 
 
 Jose, 42, 138, 160 
 Jose Antonio, El Renegado, 
 
 Josepha, 152, 317 
 
 Juan, 200, 295 
 
 Juan Francisco, 155, 162, 165 
 
 Juan Manuel, 166 
 
 Juan Pablo 
 
 Juana, 19, 68 
 
 Lorenzo, 157 
 
 Magdalena, 40 
 
 Manuel, 27, 112, 142, 147, 157 
 
 Marcial, 75, 164 
 
 Marcos, 158 
 
 Margarita, 155 
 
 Maria, 164, 206 
 
 Maria Rosa, 88 
 
 Maria Viviana, 167 
 
 Matias, 81 
 
 Miguel, 153 
 
 Monica Tomasa, 164 
 
 Pedro, 122, 157, 166, 168 
 
 Rosa, 41 
 
 Santiago, 160, 315 
 
 Sebastian, 41, 67, 68, 75, 121, 
 145, 160, 188, 189, 190, 278 
 Martin, Vicente, 165 
 Martin y Sandoval, Juan de Dios, 204 
 Martinet, ChaflSe, 175 
 Martinez, Antonio, grant, Taos, county, 
 
 131, 152 
 Martinez, Fr. Antonio Jose, 60
 
 516 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Martinez, Bernardo, 169 
 
 Martinez, Felix, governor 9, 68, 81, 
 
 145, 154 
 Martinez, Joaquin, 107 
 Martinez, Jose Haria, 31, 143 
 Martinez, Juan de Jesus, 170 
 Martinez, Margarita, 175 
 Martinez, Mariano, governor, 11, 33, 
 
 348, 390 
 Martinez, Miguel, de Sandoval, 99, 133 
 Martinez, Nazario, 33 
 Martinez, Salvador, 127, Sandia Vega, 
 
 156. 355 
 Martinez, Santiago, 170 
 Martinez, Severino, 347 
 Mascareiias, Francisco, 362 
 Maseareiias, Miguel, 172, Mora, 173, 
 
 174 
 Maxwell Grant, 51-60, 62, 63, 64 
 Maxwell, Lucien B., 60 
 Maynez. Alberto, governor, 76, 86, 147 
 
 193, 194, 195, 432 
 McNair, Alexander governor of Mis- 
 souri, 342 
 Medina, Antonia de, 85 
 Medina, Joseph de, 128, grant, 128, 
 
 158, 315 
 Medina, Juan Lorenzo de, 316 
 Medina, Maria Magdalena de, 155 
 Medina, Ramon de, 280 
 Medrano, Fray Joseph, 142 
 Melgares, Don Facundo, governor, 30, 
 
 46, 79, 115, 372, 373 
 Menchero, Juan Migtuel, Fray, 155, 
 
 235, 236 
 Mendoza, Antonio Dominguez, 155 
 Mendoza, Don Gaspar Domingo de, 
 governor, 20, 21, 23, 37, 38, 71, 72, 
 81, 82 
 Mendoza, Maria Dominguez, 316 
 Mendinueta, Don Pedro Fermin de, 
 governor, 28, 29, 43, 44, birthplace, 
 177 
 Merino, Manuel, 345 
 Mesilla Colony, settlers, ceremonies, 
 
 172 
 Mesita de Juana Lopez, 185, 186 
 Mesita del Alamillo, 79 
 Mesnier, Pedro, 13 
 Mestas, Antonio de, 328 
 Mestas, Casilda de, 158 
 Mestas, Cristobal, 157 
 Mestas, Francisco Xavier, 154 
 Mestas, Hilario, 348 
 Mestas, Joaquin de. 42, 159, 160, 162 
 Mestas, Josepha, 165 
 
 Mestas, Juan de, 134, 204, grant, 204. 
 
 205, heirs, 281 
 Mestas, Maria, 211 
 Mestas, Maria de Rosa, 288 
 Mestas, Mateo, 157, 161 
 Mestas, Pedro Antonio, 350 
 Mestas, Tomas, 119 
 Mestas, Ventura de, 154, 156, 157, 158, 
 
 328 
 Mier, Jose Maria, 215 
 Miera, Anacleto, 112 
 Miera, Francisco, 79 
 Miera y Pacheco, Bernardo, 104, 163, 
 
 180 
 Miera y Pacheco, Cleto, 15, 86, 113, 
 
 estate, 114, 164, 165, 166 
 Mina del Toro, 15 
 Mina traitor, 346 
 
 Mines and mining, 1, 15, 66, regula- 
 tions, 324, courts, 342, lead. 344. 346, 
 decrees, 348, regulations, 363, 371 
 Miiion, Juan, 159 
 
 Mirabel, Carlos Jose Perez de, 71, 178 
 Mirabel, Fr. Juan, 20 
 Mirabal, Maria Nieves, 168 
 Mirabal, Miguel, 166 
 Miranda, Francisco Xavier, 101, 165 
 Miranda, Guadalupe, 62, 63, 64, 65, 171, 
 
 390 
 Misquia, Francisco de, 147 
 Misquia, Lazaro de, 5 
 Missions, 349 
 Mississippi, river, 20 
 Missouri, river, 20 
 
 Mogollon, Don Juan Ignacio Flores, 
 governor, 6, 7, Cienega, 10, 11, 67, 
 81 
 Molina, Pedro de, 384 
 Molina, Simon de, 302 
 Mondragon, Juan Alonzo de, 11, 14, 
 
 205 
 Mondragon, Sebastian de, 97, 187, 231 
 Montano, Antonio Urban, 301 
 Montano, Bernabel Manuel, 91 
 Montano y Cuelar, Bernabel, 90 
 Montano, Joseph, 27, 153 
 Montano, Juan Bautista, 71, 162 
 Montano, Juana Barbara, 167 
 Montaiio, Leonor, 69 
 Montaiio, Vicente, 167 
 Montes de Oca, Valentina de, 35, 40 
 Montesdoca, Pedro de, 132, 147, 317 
 Montes y Vigil, Domingo, 135 
 Montes y Vigil, Francisco, Alameda, 
 99, 146, 148, 165, 166, 310, grant, 
 314 
 Montes y Vigil, Getrudis, 153
 
 INDEX 
 
 517 
 
 Montes j Vigil, Jose Victorino, 170 
 Montes y Vigil, Juan, 400 
 Montes y Vigil, Pedro, Eio Lucero, 170 
 Montezuma, origin of story, 26 
 Montoya, Andres, 153, 155, 177, 231, 
 
 234 
 Montoya, Antonio, 20, 40, 66, 89, 145, 
 
 151, 154, 155, 159 
 Montoya, Barbara, 83, 84 
 Montoya, Clemente, 147, 237 
 Montoya, Diego, 5, 34, 50, 81 
 Montoya, Eutimio, 115 
 Montoya, Felipe, 175 
 Montoya, Isabel, 102 
 Montoya, Jose, 167 
 Montoya, Jose Francisco, 153 
 Montoya, Jose Joaquin, 354 
 Montoya, Jose Pablo, 33 
 Montoya, Josepha, 152, 157, 161 
 Montoya, Juan Jos6, 175 
 Montoya, Manuel, 40, 208 
 Montoya, Marcial, 168 
 Montoya, Maria, 136 
 Montoya, Maria Getrudis, 170 
 Montoya, Mariano, 169 
 Montoya, Miguel, 161, claim, 163 
 Montoya, Nerio Antonio, 142, 162, 163 
 Montoya, Nicolasa, 138 
 Montoya, Pablo, 50, 168, 169, 170, 270, 
 
 390 
 Montoya, Paulin, 163, 166 
 Montoya, Santiago, 161, claim, 100, 
 
 163, 177 
 Montoya, Salvador, 146, 153 
 Montoya, Tomas Manuel, 142 
 Moqui, 26, 27 
 
 Mora, Francisco de la, 4, 97 
 Mora, Francisco Alberto de la, 35 
 Mora, town of, 172, settlement, 173, 
 
 174, 175, grant, 174, 175, 390 
 Moraga, Antonio de, 147, 300 
 Moraga, Felipe, 152 
 Morales, Pedro de, 152 
 Moran, Nicolas, 295 
 Moreno, Joche, 239 
 Moreno, Joseph, 42 
 Moreno, Juan Joseph, 159, 209, 356 
 Moreto, Antonio, 140 
 Moya, Juan Francisco, 159 
 Moya, Lucas. 108, 159, 163 
 Moya, Lucas Manuel de, 15, 106, 138 
 Moya, Manuel, 163 
 Moya, Maria de, 153 
 Moya, Santiago, 115 
 
 Naba, Maria de, 176 
 Naeimiento, 346 
 
 Nambe, pueblo, 8, 21, 23, 481 
 
 Napoleon, emperor, 393 
 
 Naranjo, Jose Antonio, 176 
 
 Narbona, Antonio, governor, 31, 45, 
 49, 182 
 
 Nava, Pedro de, 324, 325, 350, 367 
 
 Nava de Brazinas, Marques de la, 34 
 
 Navajo Apaches, 71 
 
 Navarro, Francisco Trebol, governor, 
 29, 43, 112, 177 
 
 Navarro, Galindo, 328 
 
 Navarro, Juan, governor of Durango, 
 348 
 
 Negreres y Soria, Jose Ignacio, 349 
 
 New Biscay, 363 
 
 New Mexico, boundaries, 1, 2, 3, 13, 
 329, 348, 363 
 
 Newspaper (clipping), 327 
 
 Nieto, Cristobal, 176 
 
 Nieto, Francisco, 177 
 
 Nieto, Simon, 176 
 
 Niiio Ladron de Guevara, Juan Fran- 
 cisco, 112, 161, 239 
 
 Nombre de Dios, river, 3 
 
 Non Numerata Pecunia, 136 
 
 Nuanez, Phelipe Jacobo, 77 
 
 Nuestra Senora de La Concepcion de 
 Tome Dominguez, 285 
 
 Nuestra Senora de La Luz, Lamy 
 Grant, 214 
 
 Nuestra Senora de La Luz, San Fer- 
 nando y San Bias, 43, 90, 128, 189, 
 320 
 
 Nuestra Senora de La Luz y San Bias, 
 43, 90, 128, 189, 320 
 
 Nuestra Senora de La Soledad. 112 
 
 Nuestra Seiiora de La Soledad del Rio 
 Arriba, 289 
 
 Nuestra Senora de Los Dolores de San- 
 dia, 235 
 
 Nuestra Senora del Pilar de Zaragoza, 
 103 
 
 Nuestra Seiiora del Rosario, San Fer- 
 nando y Santiago, 209 
 
 Nuiies de Aro, Tomas, 102 
 
 Ogama, Magdalena de, 146, 316 
 
 Ojeda, Bartolome de, 2, 4 
 
 Ojeda, Juana de, 163 
 
 Ojito de Las Ruedas, 297 
 
 Ojo Caliente, sitio de, 19, inhabitants 
 of, 25, re-settlement, 178, 179, set- 
 tlers, 179, 180, grant, 180, 315, 349, 
 354 
 
 Ojo de La Cabra, 186, 187, 448, 449, 
 450 
 
 Ojo de La Jara, 79
 
 518 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Ojo del Coyote, 136 
 
 Ojo del Oso, 32 
 
 Olavide y Michelena, Don Enrique, 
 
 governor, 188 
 Olaya de Oton, 5 
 Olguin, Bartolom6, 178 
 Olguin, Maria Manuela, 211 
 Olguin, Miguel, 179 
 Onate, Juan de, 78, honorary titles, 
 
 321, 322, 323 
 Ontiveros, Josef a de, 317 
 Ordenal, Juan Antonio, 84 
 Ordenanza de Intendentes, 345, 354 
 Ordenanzas de Terras y Agixas, 8 
 Ordinances, municipal, 1846, 327 
 Ortega, Antonio, 138, 178, 179, 180 
 Ortega, Andres, 185, 354 
 Ortega, Francisco, 179, 180 
 Ortega, Geronimo, 101, 103 
 Ortega, Jose Vivian de, 180 
 Ortega, Lucia, 179 
 Ortega, Mateo de, 147 
 Ortega, Tomas de, 178, 179 
 Ortiz, Agapito, 390 
 Ortiz, Antonio, grant, 201 
 Ortiz, Casimiro, 390 
 Ortiz, Cristobal, 180 
 Ortiz, Francisco, 25, 88, 207, 370 
 Ortiz, Francisco Xavier, 381 
 Ortiz, Caspar, 25, grant, 272 
 Ortiz, Gertrudis, Teodora, 45 
 Ortiz, Ignacio, 185 
 
 Ortiz, Jose Antonio, 15, 28, 29, 45, 180 
 Ortiz, Jose Francisco, 185 
 Ortiz, Jose Ignacio, 185 
 Ortiz, Jose Eafael, 122, 185 
 Ortiz, Jose Vicente, 30, 180, 350 
 Ortiz, Jose Vitervo, 143 
 Ortiz, Juan de Medina, 123 
 Ortiz, Juan Rafael, 185, governor ad 
 
 interim, 197, 266, 377 
 Ortiz, Marcelino, 123, 213 
 Ortiz, Matias. 180, 196 
 Ortiz, Miguel, 180 
 Ortiz, mine grant, 185 
 Ortiz, Nazario, 390 
 Ortiz, Nicolas. 74, 111 
 Ortiz, Pablo, 50 
 Ortiz, Ricardo, 390 
 Ortiz, Teodora, 45 
 Ortiz, Tomas, 33, 172 
 Ortiz, Torribio, 106, 178, 210, 211 
 Ortiz y Delgado. Francisco, 197, 295 
 Ortiz y Miera, Pablo, 272 
 Ortiz Nino Ladron de Guevara, 2 
 Ortiz Nino Ladron de Guevara, Fran- 
 cisco, 178 
 
 Ortiz Nino Ladron de Guevara, Nico- 
 las, 19, 67, genealogy, 177, will, 177, 
 178, 316, 317,318 
 
 Otermin, Don Antonio de, 1, 2, 4, 201 
 
 Otero, Antonio Jose, grant, 186, 450, 
 451 
 
 Otero, Juan, 186, 342, 448 
 
 Otero, Miguel Antonio, 388 
 
 Otero, Vicente, letter, 385 
 
 Pacheco, Felipe, lands, Taos, 121 
 
 Pacheeo, Francisco, 122 
 
 Pacheco, Geronimo, 28 
 
 Pacheco, Isabel, 122 
 
 Pacheco, Joseph, 190 
 
 Pacheco, Juan, 188, 189 
 
 Pacheco, Juan Jose, 188 
 
 Pacheco, Marcos, 189 
 
 Pacheco, Sylvestre, 146, 187 
 
 Pacheco, Valentina, 104 
 
 Padilla, Bernardo, 77 
 
 Padilla, Diego, 31, 187, grant, 187, 
 
 188, will, 188, 189, 197, 296, 213 
 Padilla, Estevan, 77 
 Padilla, Francisco, 77, 189 
 Padilla, Jose Antonio, 193 
 Padilla, Jose Martin, 196 
 Padilla, Juan, 190 
 Padilla, Juan Manuel, 111 
 Padilla, Luis, 77 
 Padilla, Maria Antonia, 197 
 Padilla, Maria Feliciana, 180 
 Padilla, Pascual, 20 
 Padilla, Rafael, 197 
 Padilla, Victoriano, 143 
 Paguati, Antonio, 181 
 Paguati Purchase, 76, 181, 184, 442, 
 
 443, 444 
 Pajarito, Pascual, 181 
 Pajarito tract, 40, 45, 113, 153, 343 
 Pajarito, Vicente, 181 
 Palace of the Governors, towers, 235, 
 
 repairs, 324, papers, 324, 328, 344, 
 
 in 1810, 370, 371, earliest reference, 
 
 98, irrigation ditch, 146 
 Palacios, 301 
 
 Palacios y Bolivar, Maria de, 124 
 Palomino, Tomas, 97, 187, 230 
 Pankey, B. F., 96 
 Pare j a, Manuel Garcia, 29 
 Parkman, Francis, 13 
 Parral, City of, 3 
 Parrida, Arroya de la, 115 
 Partido del Bado, 166 
 Paruanarimuco, Comanche chief, 328 
 Pawnee, villages, 21 
 Paz, Andres de la, 205
 
 INDEX 
 
 519 
 
 Paz, Marina de la, 140 
 
 Pecos, pueblo of, 2, 30, 31, 46, 47, 94, 
 
 97, 195, 267, 296, Comanche attack, 
 
 391, 441, 466, 467, 468, 478 
 Pecos, river, 46, 47, 49, 94, 95, 96, 97, 
 
 212, 213 
 Pelaez, Jacinto, 204 
 Peiia, Diego de la, 113, 163 
 Peiia, Jose Agustin, de la, 77 
 Pena, Jos6 de la, 193 
 Pena, Josef Mariano de la, 113, 115, 
 
 168 
 Pena, Josef Migaiel de la, 15, 45, 90, 
 
 107, 113, 210 
 Pena, Juan de Dios, 113, 143, 193 
 Pena Redonda, Mattheo, de, 112, 140, 
 
 164 
 Penaseo Blanco, de las Golondrinas, 
 
 136 
 Peiiuela, Marques de la, 8, 66, 83, 146, 
 
 193, coat of arms, 193, 199 
 Peralta, Felipe, 79 
 Perea, Eugenio, 179, 190 
 Perea, Jacinto, 177, 294 
 Perea, Jose, 298 
 Perea, Juan Casimiro, 241 
 Perea, Juana de la, 20 
 Perea, Maria de, 187 
 Perea, Maria Manuela, 196 
 Perea, Mariano, 113 
 Perea, Nicolasa, 197 
 Perea, Pedro Jose, 115, 196 
 Pereyro, Fr. Josef Benito, 26 
 Perez, Albino, governor, 50, 143, 271, 
 
 272, 389 
 Perez, Jose Miguel, 196 
 Pesos de la Tierra, 360 
 Phillip 2d, 6 
 Picuries, pueblo, 103, 144, 170. 444, 
 
 463, 478 
 Piedra Lumbre, 141 
 Pike, Zebulon M., 21 
 Pilabo, pueblo, 115 
 Prneda, Juan de la Mora, 68, 83, 133, 
 
 188, 199 
 Pino, Felix, 118 
 Pino, heirs of, 193 
 Pino, Joaquin, 49, 79, 180 
 Pino, Juan Estevan, 196, 197, 269, 
 
 271, 348, 349 
 Pino, Manuel Doroteo, 389 
 Pino, Maria Catarina de, 164, 165 
 Pino, Mateo, 70 
 Pino, Miguel, 342 
 
 Pino, Pedro Bautista, 30, 45, 119, 266 
 Pino, Fr. Pedro, 156 
 Pintto, Roque de, 11, 67, 146 
 
 Piro, pueblos, 78, 79 
 
 Plows, 277 
 
 Pojoaque, pueblo, 6, 23, 50, 480 
 
 Poiiil, settlers, 62, 80 
 
 Political economy, treatise on, 346 
 
 Portillo Urrisola, Manuel de, 42 
 
 Potrero Vie jo, 4 
 
 Pratt, George R., 196, 270 
 
 Private land claims, 484, 491, court of, 
 492, 502 
 
 Proclamation, constitution, 1820, 323, 
 Kearny, 1846, 327 
 
 Protector of Indians, 6 
 
 Provencio, Francisco, 123 
 
 Provincial deputation, 46 
 
 Pueblo Colorado, 101 
 
 Pueblo Quemado, 25, 28, 43, 44, 74, 
 144, 146, 177, 200, 209, 237 
 
 Pueblo de Jumanos, 347 
 
 Pueblo de San Antonio del Biquiu, 43 
 
 Pueblo de San Antonio del Guyquiu, 
 43 
 
 Pueblos, 2, 6, 12, 13, 21, 23, 25, 26, 
 28, 30, 31, 40, 43, 46, 47, 48, 78, 91, 
 92, 94, 141, 378, 379, 380, education, 
 393, grants, 394, Sumas, 403, sales 
 of land, 437, 451, 483 
 
 Puente, Pedro de la, 189 
 
 Puesto de la Cienega, 123 
 
 Puesto del Pino, 241 
 
 Puesto de Nuestra Senora de la Sole- 
 dad del Rio Arriba, 74 
 
 Quarters, soldiers', 367 
 
 Quaron, Lorenzo Antonio, 189 
 
 Quicksilver, 343 
 
 Quintana, Coehiti Indian, 432 
 
 Quintana, Francisco, 102 
 
 Quintana, Gabriel, 28 
 
 Quintana, Jose Alejandro, 79 
 
 Quintana, Joseph de, 152, 153, 200 
 
 Quintana, Leonisio, 200 
 
 Quintana, Luis, 73 
 
 Quintana, Lugarda, 288 
 
 Quintana, Manuel, 200 
 
 Quintana, Maria de Los Angeles, 201 
 
 Quintana, Miguel de, 102, 153, 201 
 
 Quintana, Teodosio, 49, 201 
 
 Quiros, Joseph de, 6, 7, 8, 279 
 
 Rael, Eusebio. 169, heirs, Sandia, 353 
 
 Rael, Julian, 383, 384 
 
 Rael, Jose Pablo, 45 
 
 Rael, Juan Pablo, 353 
 
 Rael, Maria Francisca, 238 
 
 Rael, Nicolas, 45 
 
 Rael de Aguilar, Alonzo or Alphonso,
 
 520 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, heirs, 15, grant, 16, 
 
 17, Si, lieutenant-geueral, 68, 103, 
 
 132, 133, 145, 153, 203, grant, 203, 
 
 205, 207, 356, 398 
 Eael de Agiiilar Antonio, 126 
 Eael de Aguilar, Francisco de, 158, 
 
 294 
 Eael de Aguilar, Juan, 153 
 Eael de Aguilar, Julian, 27 
 Eael de Aguilar, Manuela, 209 
 Eael de Aguilar, Nicolas, 210 
 Eamirez, Jorge, 215 
 Eamirez, Santiago, 143, 197 
 Eamirez j Casanova, Jose Serafin, 143 
 Eamos, Manuel, 208 
 Eanios, Ursula, 127, 204 
 Eancho de Cuberos, 93 
 Eancho de Peralta, 371 
 Eancho de Velasquez, 286 
 Eascon, Francisco, 271 
 Eascon, Jose Ignacio, 30 
 Eaynolds, A. W., 96 
 Eeal de Los Dolores, 32, 66, 88 
 Eeal de San Francisco del Tuerto, 175 
 Eeligion, 349 
 
 Eendon, Francisco, 205, 206, 234, 286 
 Eendon, Maria Estela Palomino, 211 
 Eeneros de Posada, Pedro, 2 
 Eevilla Gigedo, Conde de, 329 
 Eeyes, Melchora de los, 97 
 Eiano, Canones de, 119 
 Eiafio, Joseph de, 154, 206, 207, 208, 
 
 312 
 Eiano, Tagle, Joseph de, 286 
 Eibera, Antonio, 209 
 Eibera, Antonio Jose, 267 
 Eibera, Francisco de, 147 
 Eibera, Joseph Manuel, 211 
 Eibera, Juan de, 66 
 Eibera, Juan Felipe de, 133, 206 
 Eibera, Manuel, 213 
 Eibera, Manuel Antonio, 267 
 Eibera, Maria Luisa, 213 
 Eibera, Miguel, 213 
 Eibera, Salvador Matheo de, 67, 145 
 Eibera, Vicente, 390 
 Eibera, Tomas, 358 
 Eico, Francisco, 145 
 Eincon, Joseph, 158 
 Eio Arriba, 11, 27, 88 
 Eio Chiquito, 27, 67, 126, 132, 138, 188 
 Eio Colorado, 92 
 Eio Colorado del Eincon de la Cinta 
 
 a La Trinchera, 169 
 Eio Lucero, 170, 171 
 Eio Puerco, settlers, 41, 42, 128, 162, 
 
 189 
 
 Eio de Chama, 133 
 
 Eio de Las Trampas, 83, 207 
 
 Eio del Oso, 127 
 
 Eios, Gaspar Gutierrez de los, 146 
 
 Eios, Juan de los, 204, 313 
 
 Eivas Palacio, 13 
 
 Eoa y Carillo, Francisco, de, 77, 103, 
 155, 207 
 
 Eobledo, Lucia Gomez, 238 
 
 Eobledo, Maria Gomez, 235 
 
 Eoche, Maiia de la, 145 
 
 Eodelo, Juan, 27, 203 
 
 Eodriguez Cubero, Don Pedro, gov- 
 ernor, 130, 131 
 
 Eodriguez, Felipe, 138, 204 
 
 Eodriguez, Francisco Xavier, 210 
 
 Eodriguez, Getrudes, 86 
 
 Eodriguez, Isidor, 211 
 
 Eodriguez, Joseph, 6, 33, 74, 279 
 
 Eodriguez, Juan, 206 
 
 Eodriguez, Juan Antonio, 211 
 
 Eodriguez, Juan Felipe, 71 
 
 Eodriguez, Lorenzo, 205 
 
 Eodriguez, Manuel, 210, 211 
 
 Eodriguez, Marcos, 90, 138, 212 
 
 Eodriguez, Melchor, 207, 314 
 
 Eodriguez, Santiago, 93 
 
 Eodriguez, Sebastian, 310 
 
 Eodriguez, Vicente, 210, 211, 212 
 
 Eomero, Andres, 83, 207 
 
 Eomero, Baltazar, 100, 206, 279, 283, 
 350, 362, 399 
 
 Eomero, Diego, 83, 84, 207, 210 
 
 Eomero, Domingo, 413, 416 
 
 Eomero, Felipe, 27, 43 
 
 Eomero, Fernando, 238 
 
 Eomero, Francisco, 83, 210 
 
 Eomero, Francisco Xavier, 205, 207, 
 210 
 
 Eomero, Juan Jose, 206 
 
 Eomero, Jose Dolores, 215 
 
 Eomero, Jose Guadalupe, 213, 215 
 
 Eomero, Juan, 74, 356 
 
 Eomero, Juan Bautista, 211 
 
 Eomero, Juan Domingo, 296 
 
 Eomero, Juan de Dios, 208, 315 
 
 Eomero, Juana, 209 
 
 Eomero, Juana Maria, 206 
 
 Eomero, Luis, Picuries Indians, 311 
 
 Eomero, Maria, 84. 210 
 
 Eomero, Maria Eosalia, 210 
 
 Eomero, Matias, 206 
 
 Eomero, Miguel, 211, 212, 413-416 
 
 Eomero, Pablo, 168, 213 
 
 Eomero, Pablo Antonio, 168 
 
 Eomero de Pedraza, Francisco, 5, 33, 
 144
 
 INDEX 
 
 521 
 
 Eomero, Santiago, 205 
 
 Eomo de Vera, Joseph, 103, 207, 314 
 
 Eon y Thobar, Vicente Gtnzo, 127 
 
 Eosa, Manuel de la, 157 
 
 Eoubidoux, Antonio, 215 
 
 Eoyal decrees, 319, orders, 328, 330, 
 
 342, 349, 392, 394, Suraas Indians, 
 
 402 
 Eoybal, Ignacio, 146, 147, 159, 204, 
 
 205, 206 
 Eoybal, Jose Maria, 31 
 Eoybal, Juana, 211 
 Eoybal, Manuela, 212 
 Eoybal, Eafael, 31 
 Eoybal, Santiago, 77, 209, 238, 294 
 Eoybal, Tomas, 209, 294 
 Eoybal, Vicente, 123, 213 
 Eoxas, Pedro de, 4, 100, 133, 355 
 Eubin de Zelis, Alonzo Victores, 25 
 Euiz, Antonio Villegas, 113 
 
 Sabinal, inhabitants, 240 
 
 Sabinos Altos, 301 
 
 Sacramento, river, 3 
 
 Saenz, Domingo, 361 
 
 Saenz de Garvisu, Juan, 278 
 
 Saenz de Garvisu, Juana de la Cruz, 
 
 239 
 Saenz de Garvisu, Manuel, 178 
 Saes, Agustin, 6, 234, 266, 278 
 Sais, Francisco, 237, 197, 205, 237 
 Sais, Joseph Antonio, 241 
 Sais, Juliana, 197 
 Salaises, Joseph, 30, 267 
 Salas, Joseph, 235 
 Salas, Sebastian de, 187, 278 
 Salazar, Antonio de, 67, 73, 134, 142, 
 
 232, 237, 240 
 Salazar, Joseph, 240 
 Salazar, Juan Angela, 240 
 Salazar, Juan Domingo, 270 
 Salazar, Pablo, 210 
 Salazar, Santiago, 316 
 Salcedo, Nemesio. 30, 349, 370, 319 
 Sales of land, pueblos, 437 
 Samorra, Jose, 316 
 Samorra, Jose Eafael, Pecos, 267 
 San Andres de Los Padillas, 77 
 San Antonio de Carnue, 118 
 San Antonio de Mora, 319 
 San Antonio de Padua del Pueblo Que- 
 
 mado, 237 
 San Antonio del Embudo, 161 
 San Buenaventura de Chimayo, 107 
 San Buenaventura de Cochiti, 74, 392 
 San Carlos, 328 
 San Carlos de Alameda, 86 
 
 San Clemente, 141, 142 
 
 San Cristobal, grant, 94, 98 
 
 San Cristobal, pueblo, 483 
 
 San Diego de Tesuque, pueblo, 40 
 
 San Felipe, pueblo, 34, 46, 79, 87, 93, 
 
 116, 117, 118, 151, 185, 267, 300. 
 
 316, 358, 416, 422, 439, 446, 465, 
 
 478 
 San Fernando del Eio Puerco, 162, 189 
 San Francisco de Sandia, 127 
 San Francisco, street, 10, 99 
 San Francisco Xavier del Bosque 
 
 Grande, 98 
 San Francisco Xavier del Pueblo Que- 
 
 mado, 27, 74, 208 
 San Gabriel, pueblo, 26 
 San Gabriel de Las Nutrias, 177, 210. 
 
 211 
 San Geronimo de Taos, 83, 84, 148, 149, 
 
 150. 151, 342, 413 
 San Ildefonzo, 204, 381, 394, 395, 396, 
 
 403-5, 406, 413, 416-21, 480 
 San Jose de la Laguna, 180, 181 
 San Jose de Las Huertas, 79, 114 
 San Jose del Bado del Eio Pecos, 266 
 San Jose del Encinal, 44 
 San Josef de Garcia, raneho, 293 
 San Joseph, Maria de, 206 
 San Joseph de Chama, 85 
 San Joseph de Los Corrales, 127 
 San Juan, pueblo, 2, 462, 463 
 San Juan de Los Caballeros, 145, 176. 
 
 177, 440, 478 
 San Lazaro, Sierra de, 32 
 San Lorenzo, 189 
 San Lorenzo de Picuries, 170 
 San Lorenzo de la Toma del Eio del 
 
 Norte, 201 
 San Lorenzo del Eeal de Dolores, 86 
 San Marcos, 171, 172, 301, 319 
 San Miguel del Bado, 45. 196, 329. 
 
 389, ayuntamiento, 49, 50, 301, 344 
 San Miguel del Socorro, 298 
 San Pedro de Cliamita, 80 
 San Pedro, tract, 345 
 San Pedro de Chama. 42, 160 
 San Pedro de Chamita, 80 
 Santa Ana, 92, 116, 117, 118, 342, 358, 
 
 359, 399, 422-428, 439, 482 
 Santa Ana del Sabinal, 122 
 Santa Anna, General Antonio Lopez 
 
 de, 275, 392 
 Santa Barbara, 106, 239, grant, 239 
 Santa Barbara de la Junta de Los 
 
 Bios, 239 
 Santa Clara, Caiiada, 283, 312, 371, 
 
 403-5, 416-421
 
 522 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Santa Clara, pueblo, 13, 77, 78, 280, 
 
 282, 479 
 Santa Ci-uz de La Canada, 4, 7, 11, 15, 
 
 45, 66, 68, 74, 75, 80, south of river, 
 
 182, 205, 241, 242, 264 
 Santa Cruz del Ojo Caliente, 27, 237 
 Santa Fe, ayuntamiento, 30, 143, 185, 
 
 proceedings, 187. names, 187, 197, 
 
 266, 275, 381, cabildo, 5, 10, 87, 123, 
 
 143 
 Santa Fe, city, 1, 4, Cienega, 10, 11, 
 
 21, grant, 215, 228, cabildo archives, 
 
 330, 338, houses, 350, 377, reservoir, 
 
 389, property owners, 389, petition 
 
 for lands, 390 
 Santa Fe, river, 82 
 Santa Getrudis, 319 
 Santa Rosa de Abiquiii, 162 
 Santa Eosa de Cubero, 92 
 Santa Rosa de Lima. 103 
 Santa Rosalia del Vallecito, 316 
 Santa Teresa de Jesus, 159 
 , Santa Toribib de Jemez, 114 
 Sandoval, Agapito, 273 
 Sandoval, Andres, 238 
 Sandoval, Antonia, 239 
 Sandoval, Diego, 273 
 Sandoval. Francisco, 272 
 Sandoval, Grefiforio, 27, 237 
 Sandoval, Jose, 143 
 Sandoval, Juan, 238 
 Sandoval, Juan Josef. 27, 41 
 Sandoval, Junn Joseph. 74 
 Sandoval. Juliana. 240 
 Sandoval, Maria de Los Dolores, 50 
 Sandoval, Matias, 266 
 Sandoval, Melchora. 238 
 Snndovnl. Miguel de Dios, 238 
 Sandoval, Nicolas, 33 
 Sandoval, Pedro de, 230 
 Sandoval, Phelipe, 43, 162, 193, 238, 
 
 266, 278, 421, 423 
 Sandoval, Salvador de, 90 
 Sandoval, Santiago, 49 
 Sandoval Martinez, Juan de Dios. 279 
 Sandoval Martinez, Miguel de, 356 
 Sandoval y Manzanares, Ana de, 141 
 Sandoval y Manzanares, Mateo de, 141 
 Sangil. Marcial Martin, 164 
 Sanguijuela, 301 
 Santistievan, Alejandro, 270 
 Santistievan, Antonio de, 234 
 Santistievan, Joseph de, 233 
 Santistievan, Salvador de, 67, 133, 231, 
 
 278 
 Sapello, 89, 380 
 
 Sarracino, Francisco, governor, 50, 385 
 
 Sarracino, Jose Rafael, 113 
 
 Sarracinol, Juan Jose, 272 
 
 Sausal, 193 
 
 Scolly, John, grant, 270, 276 
 
 Sebastian, Fr. Antonio, 392 
 
 Sebolleta, 30, 32 
 
 Sedano, Antonio, 126 
 
 Sedano, Joseph, 152, 316 
 
 Sedano, Josepha, 135, 152, 188 
 
 Sedillo, Antonio, 44, 70, 181 
 
 Sedillo, Joaquin de, 70, grant, 71 
 
 Sedillo, Juana de, 70 
 
 Segura, Juan, 201, 266 
 
 Segura, Simon, 239 
 
 Selorga, Maria de, 233 
 
 Sena, Antonio de, 28, 270 
 
 Sena, Bernardino de, 9, 21, 231, 233, 
 
 234, 235, 238 
 Sena, Felipe, 267, 270 
 Sena, Francisco de, 238 
 Sena, Jose Francisco, 329 
 Sena, Josepha, 89 
 Sena, Juan Diego, 143 
 Sena, Manuel, 270, 271 
 Sena, Maria Franeisca de, 237, 239 
 Sena, Maria Tomasa, 237 
 Sena, Matias, 266, 350 
 Sena, Miguel, 80, 271 
 Sena, Rafael, 266, 271 
 Sena, Tomas, 180, 239 
 Sena, Vicente de, 112, 163, 237 
 Senecu, 360 
 
 Serna, Antonia de la, 88 
 Serna, Cristobal de la, 83, 207, 210, 231 
 Serna, Joseph de la, 211 
 Serna, Juana de la, 84 
 Serna, Sebastiana de la, 84 
 Serrano, Bias Martin, 178 
 Serrano, Domingo Martin, 203, 231 
 Serrano, Francisco Perez, 93, 180 
 Serrano, Miguel Martin, 158, 235, 284 
 Serrano, Pedro Martin, 141, 240 
 Serrito de Lara, 21 
 Servantes, Manuel de, 231 
 Settlements, 325, 349, 367, instructions 
 
 to Cruzate, 394 
 Sevilleta, grant, 79, 350 
 Shapellote (Sapello), 89 
 Silva, Antonio de, 30, 100, 230 
 Silva, Francisco de, 234 
 Silva, Jose, 123 
 Silva, Juan, 123 
 Silva, Juan Jose, 241, 265 
 Silva, Maria, 105, 235 
 Silva, Maria Polonia, 266 
 Silva, Santiago, 113
 
 INDEX 
 
 523 
 
 Sisneros, Antonio, 68, 73, 166 
 
 Sisneros, Heremenigildo, 68 
 
 Sisneros, Juan Pedro, 158 
 
 Sisneros, Juana, 68, 238 
 
 Sisneros, Maria Manuela, 166 
 
 Sisneros, Phelipe Nerio, 68, 106 
 
 Sisneros, Roman, 123 
 
 Socorro, 79, 115, 266, 348, 350 
 
 Solano, Antonio, 164 
 
 Soldiers' quarters, 367 
 
 Soledad, 329 
 
 Sopena, Fr. Manuel de, 153 
 
 Sossa Canela, Juana de, 67 
 
 Springer, Frank, argument, Maxwell, 
 
 laud grant case, 53-60 
 Stamped paper, law, 349 
 Sumas, Indians, 397, 402 
 Supreme Tribunal of Justice, 49, 50 
 
 Tafoya, Altamirano Cristobal, 280 
 
 Tafoya, Altamirano Juan, 282 
 
 Tafoya, Antonio, 68, 106, 139, 279, 
 280, 282, 283, 286, 295 
 
 Tafoya, Cristobal, 68, 100. 279, 284 
 
 Tafoya, Felipe, 29, 43, 73, 105, 106, 
 139. 286, 294, 295 
 
 Tafoya, Getrudes, 298 
 
 Tafoya, Ignacio, 297 
 
 Tafoya, Jose, 298 
 
 Tafoya, Juan, 42, 68, 280, 283, 294 
 
 Tafoya, Lugarda, 44, 240, 281 
 
 Tafoya, Maria, 102, 281 
 
 Tafoya, Miguel, 240, 294 
 
 Tafoya, Pedro, 112, 138, 209 
 
 Tafoya, Pedro Antonio, 138 
 
 Tajique, settlers, 387 
 
 Taiache Coyote, 210 
 
 Tamaris, Felipe, 15, 110, 279, 281, 284 
 
 Tamaris, Francisco, 281 
 
 Tamaris. Joseph, 102 
 
 Taos, pueblo, 26, 29, 83. 121, ayun- 
 tamiento, 143, 170, Comanche at- 
 tack, 200, 265. 348. fences, 361, 
 water rights, 380, 428, 432. 479 
 
 Tapia, Cristobal, 295 
 
 Tapia, Josef, 114 
 
 Tapia, Maria de, 66 
 
 Tapia, Tomas de, 84, 286 
 
 Tecolote. 297, 328 
 
 Tehua, 27 
 
 Teieda, Dimas Xiron de, 81 
 
 Teiles, Manuel, 295 
 
 Tenorio, Cayetano, 286 
 
 Tenorio, Josepha, 294 
 
 Tenorio, Teresa, 288 
 
 Tenorio de Alya, Manuel, 38, 296 
 
 Tenorio de Alya, Matthias, 140 
 
 Tenorio de Alva, Miguel, 6, 7, 8, 68, 
 
 83, 104, 131, 136, 140, 131, 136, 
 
 140, 279, 295 
 Territorial Assembly, 51, 298 
 Territorial Deputation, 50, 79, 80 
 Terrus, Jose Francisco, 32 
 Terrus, Joseph de, 36, 38, 72, 83, 103, 
 
 287 
 Tesuque, pueblo, 479, riyer, 29 
 Tesuque, San Diego de, 40, 45 
 Thanos, 253, 263, 264 
 Thorre, Joseph Antonio de la, 155 
 Tierra Amarilla, 168, report, 325 
 Tipton, Will M., 4, 118 
 Titles, grants, 362 
 Tlascalan, Indians, 36 
 Toledo, Fray Juan Jose, 26, 105, 110 
 Tome Dominguez, 142 
 Tome tract, 43, 45, inhabitants, 241, 
 
 grant, 285, 286, 343 
 Torres, Carlos, 33 
 Torres, Cayetano, 295 
 Torres, CVistobal, grant, 127, 135, 
 
 heirs, 296, 280 
 Torres, Diego, 73, 142, 176, 206, 283 
 Torres, Francisco, 89 
 Torres. Francisco Antonio, 350 
 Torres, .lose. 89, 293, 294 
 Torres, Josef Antonio, 284 
 Torres, Josefa, 284 
 Torres, Juan Geronimo, 122 
 Torres, Manuel, 71 
 Torres, Marcos, 294 
 Torres, Martin, 294, 315 
 Torres, Ramon, 80, heirs, 384 
 Torres, Salvador, 156, 284 
 Tostado, Jose Alyarez, 349 
 Tournier, Juan, 66 
 Troncoso, Vicente, 86, 110, 296 
 Trujillo, Antonio, 133, grant, 134, 288 
 Trujillo, Baltazar, 6, 7, 281, 282 
 Trujillo, Barbara, 296 
 Trujillo, Bartolome, 85, 138, 142, 158, 
 
 284. 293 
 Trujillo. Bernardino, 286 
 Trujillo, Bias. 288 
 Trujillo, Cristobal, 97 
 Trujillo, Diego, 278 
 Trujillo, Francisca, 29, 288 
 Trujillo, Francisco, 284, 294, 296, 297, 
 
 349, 356 
 Trujillo, Getrudis, 294 
 Trujillo, Jose, 279 
 Trujillo, Jose Manuel, 80, 296, 298 
 Trujillo, Joseph, 7. 72, 296 
 Trujillo, Josepha, 288 
 Trujillo, Juan, 8, 84, 278, 288
 
 524 THE SPANISH ARCHIVES OF NEW MEXICO 
 
 Trujillo, Lorenzo, 311 
 TTujillo, Manuel, 295, 298 
 Trujillo, Marcela, 28, 238 
 Trujillo, Maria, 237 
 Trujillo, Maria Trancisca, 295 
 Trujillo, Mariano, 296 
 Trujillo, Mateo, 279, 311 
 Trujillo, Paseual, 82, 231, 279 
 Trujillo, Pedro, 288 
 Trujillo, Pedro Antonio, 104, 288 
 Trujillo, Santiago, 111 
 Trujillo, Sebastiana, 11, 205 
 Turquoise Mines, 12 
 
 Ugarte, Diego de, 101, 154 
 Ugarte y Loyola, Jacobo, 392 
 Ulibarri, Antonio de, 281, 300 
 Ulibarri, Juan de, 66, 94. 101, 127, 
 
 195, 196, 204, 298, 299 
 Ulibarri, Santiago, 49 
 Unanuez, Juan Antonio de, 82, 101, 
 
 109, 153, 154 
 Unanuez, Juan Cayetano, 300 
 Unanuez, Phelipe Jacobo de, 105 
 United States, colonists from, 391 
 United States v. San Pedro Co., 345 
 Uribarri, Antonio de, 10, 20, 21, 38, 
 
 40, 82, 300 
 Uribarri, Jose Francisco, 301 
 Urioste, Tomas. 301 
 Urquidi, Joseph de, 348 
 Utes, Indians, 26 
 
 Vaca, Jose, 42 
 
 Vaca, Manuel, 71, 81 
 
 Valdez, Antonio Feliz, La Vandera, 85 
 
 Valdez, Domingo, 314 
 
 Valdez, Ignacio, 296 
 
 Valdez, Joseph Luis de, 66 
 
 Valdez, Juan Lorenzo, 296 
 
 Valdez, Los, 235 
 
 Valdez, Eosalia, 296 
 
 Valdez y Bustos, Francisco, 188 
 
 Valencia county, 30 
 
 Valle, Francisco del, 193 
 
 Valle de Santa detrudes de Lo de 
 
 Mora, 80, 89, 172, 273 
 Vallecito, grant, 114, 316, 349, 370 
 Vallecito de Xenies, 114, 316 
 Valerio, Felix, 315 
 Valerio, Manuel, 142, 314 
 Valverde, Jose Antonio, 316 
 Valverde, Josepha, 127 
 Valverde Nicolas de, 67, 134, 278 
 Valverde de Cossio, Antonio de, 310 
 Varela, Antonio, 314 
 Varela, Benito, 123 
 
 Varela, Eusebio, 45 
 
 Varela, Jose, 45 
 
 Varela, Jose Manuel, 28 
 
 Varela, Mariano, 66 
 
 Vasquez, Pascuala, 295 
 
 Veccia Diego de, 33, 97 
 
 Vega y Coca, Maria de la, 43 
 
 Vega y Coca, Miguel Josef de la, 124 
 
 136, 178, 188 
 Velarde, Joseph Manuel, 315 
 Velarde, Miguel 316 
 Velasco, Diego de, 66, 313 
 Velasco, Micaela de, 126, 310 
 Velasquez, Antonio, 311, 313 
 Velasquez, Diego de, 99, 113 
 Velasquez, Francisco, 310 
 Velasquez (Blasquez), Joseph, 99 
 Velasquez, Manuel, 286 313 
 Velo, Santiago, 149 
 Venavides, Domingo de, 44 
 Vergara, Ignacio Sanchez de, 114, 316, 
 
 327, 350, 436, 439 
 Vevtia, Manuela de, 74 
 Vial, Pedro, will, 315 
 A^iceroy, New Spain, Indians, 397 
 Victoria, Guadalupe, 394 
 Vigil, Donaciano, governor, 61 
 Vigil, Francisco, 127, 142 
 Vigil, Juan Nepomuceno, 47 
 Vigil, Manuel, 29 
 Villasur, Pedro de, 15, 100 
 Villa Nueva de Santa Cruz, 84, 228, 
 
 229, 241, 264 
 Villanueva, Don Vicente, 30 
 Villapando, Pablo Francisco, 178 
 Villapando, Maria Antonio, 210 
 Villareal, Clara de, 314 
 Virgen, Joseph de la, 67 
 Viscaya, Province, 3 
 Vitton, Jose Gabriel, 27 
 
 Weavebs' Bend, 81 
 
 Xaramillo, Cristobal, 82, 206 
 
 Xaramillo, Geronimo, 19, 213 
 
 Xaramillo, Getrudes, 158 
 
 Xaramillo, Joseph, 313, 345 
 
 Xaramillo. Luiz, 128 
 
 Xaramillo, Maria de La Luz, 362 
 
 Xaramillo, Salvador, 119 
 
 Xemez, pueblo, 311, rancho, 316. 342, 
 
 360, 370 
 Xiron, Antonia, 127 
 Xiron, Antonio, 179 
 Xiron, Vicente, 284 
 Xiron de Texeda, Dimas. 1.53, 355 
 
 Yunque, pueblo, 135, 299
 
 INDEX 525 
 
 Za-ES, Francisco, 107 Zembrano, Fray Manuel, 103 
 
 Zaino, Diego, 279 Zena, Bernardo de, 112 
 
 Zanez, Manuel, 43 Zia, pueblo, 2, 75, 92, 342, 480, 481 
 
 Zanez, Manuel Garvisu, 43 Zisneros, Francisco, 293 
 
 Zapata, Antonio Maldonado, 306 Zuloaga, Manuel Jose, 349 
 
 Zaragosa, Nuestra Senora del Pilar Zuni, pueblo, 483 
 de, 1
 
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