[ow to Become a Ciliz OF THE l)iul^ Sfaites of America, Wie werde ich Burger Vereinigten Staaten voii Amerika? In Engflifth 4\ud Ginrman UC-NRLF $B 2^2 EID J9U, hf CiiA::i^F::^ V. Ml ^;i. t ^ li. I:- . r.i V ^ ^.' . j-i i \-'" <. ?/ J. - <,> ; ' firrW EDITEOS !$ Kallineyer Publisluag C 20$ EAtt 4St!i St^eot, NECW YOfU' l.-f't > (.,/-.,. PRICE, ONE DOLtAJr How to Become a Citizen OF THE United States of America. Wie werde ich Burger OCT*** Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika? In English and German, Copyricht 1911, by CHARLES KALLMEYER. All rights of translation reserved. Nachdruck verboten. Uebersetzungsrecht vorbehalten. FIFTH EDITION 1913 ReTi^e4 aii<< 1ulargrc4; Published by Charles Kallmeyer Publishing Company 205 East 45th Street, NEW YORK PRICE, ONE DOLLAR %'^^ 1^^;^ Copyright, 191 1 by CHARLES KALLMEYER Copyright, 19 13 by CHARLES KALLMEYER n i : CONTENTS. The Oath of Allegiance 6 Preface 7 TITLE I. Qualifications Necessary to Become a Citizen of the United States. Chapter I. A Summary of the Conditions and Qualifications Necessary to Obtain Citizenship of the United States 9 Citizenship a Matter of Right 9 Males, Unmarried Females or Widows 9 Minors and Status of Children bom within or without the Jurisdiction of the United States 10 Status of Married Women 11 Who may become Citizens of the United States 12 Free White Persons and Aliens of African Descent 12 Chinese 12 Alien Soldiers 12 Honorably Discharged Aliens From United States Navy and Members of the Marine Corps 12 Alien Seamen of United States Merchant Vessels 12 Inhabitants of Organized Territories of the United States and Their Status 13 Alien Enemies Naturalization Prohibited 13 Change of Name 13 Chapter II. In What Courts to Apply 13 United States Courts 14 State Courts 14 Application to State Courts. 14 Costs and Fees 14 261209 4 .". ::/:.,-*; .* * * *' Q-ontents Duplicate Papers for Papers Lost 14 The Right to Vote 15 Status of Naturalized Citizens who have Taken up Their Residence Abroad 15 Status of Citizens Residing Abroad after Naturalization 15 Chapter III. Penalties 16 Penalties for Forging Certificate, etc 16 Penalties for Unlawfully Engraving Any Plate in the Likeness of a Certificate of Citizenship 16 Penalties for Naturalization Unlawfully Obtained 17 TITLE 11. Procedure for Obtaining Citizenship. Chapter IV. How to Obtain the "First Paper" 18 Chapter V. How to Obtain the "Second Paper" or Final Certificate of Naturalization 19 Witnesses 20 Certificate of Commissioner of Immigration 20 Ninety Days to Elapse Before Granting of Final Certificate. . 20 Chapter VI. Valuable Information 21 TITLE III. Questions and Answers. Chapter VIL Questions Asked on Application for "First Paper" 23 Chapter VIII. Questions Asked on First Application for "Second" or "Final Paper" 24 CONTENTS 5 Chapter IX. Questions for Applicant and Witnesses a6 Chapter X. Questions Asked by the Courts with the Answers thereto at the Final Hearing: On Constitution of the United States 28 On Congress (Legislative Branch of Government) 30 On President, etc. (Executive Branch of Government) . . 31 On United States Supreme Court (Judicial Branch of Government) 33 On State Laws 34 TITLE IV. Declaration of Independence, Constitution and Naturalization Laws. Chapter XI. The Declaration of Independence 36 Chapter XII. Constitution of the United States 41 Chapter XIII. Naturalization Laws and Regulations 62 Chapter XIV. Naturalization Act of June 29, 1906 66 Forms 81-85 Expatriation of Citizens and Their Protection Abroad ^y TITLE V. Passports. Rules Governing the Granting and Issuing of Passports in the United States 89-93 THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE TO THE UNITED STATES. I do solemnly declare on oath in open Court that I will support the Constitution of the United States, that I abso- lutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state or sovereignty and particularly to the (sovereign of which I am a subject) and that I will support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States against all enemies foreign and domestic and bear true faith and allegiance to the same: So Help me God PREFACE. The title of this treatise indicates, to some degree at least, its purpose and character; but it is thought that a few ob- servations respecting the institutions and government under which we live, and with which not only every prospective citizen, but every citizen whether native-born or naturalized, should be familiar, may make the book more useful. Every civilized State has its sovereign power. In the Old- World kingdoms the monarch is the sovereign, but in the United States of America the people is the sovereign, and the law for the government of the people is the expressed word and utterance of the people. All sovereign power, that is, the power to govern and to make laws for that purpose, resides in the people, and if a law is not wise and good the people, through elected representatives, may revoke it. Hence, every citizen being in this sense a part of the law-making power in this country, it becomes the earnest duty of every one, as a unit of the whole people, to understand the character of our government and the principles upon which it is based. It is the duty of every immigrant intending to reside per- manently in the United States to acquire citizenship, for not until then is he really a member of his adopted country. But the number of those who neglect to do so, either through lack of knowledge of the privileges and rights enjoyed by citizens, through indifference, or for some other reason, is really large. The alien immigrant who fails to become natu- ralized is not without the protection of our laws, but he does not enjoy the same rights and privileges as the citizen. On the other hand, the naturalized citizen stands on a par with and enjoys the same protection under our laws either here or abroad as the native-born citizen. Often important mis- takes, leading to much loss of time and trouble, are made by persons intending to become citizens, because they have failed to meet in some essential part the requirements of the law relative to naturalization. Furthermore, there seems to be 8 PREFACE. no treatise extant which supplies completely and within the reach of everybody the information and knowledge needed on this subject. All these things together seem to demand that proper ef- forts should be made to supply all who ask for it with a manual of practical and accurate information concerning the requirements of our naturalization laws and in some degree the rights enjoyed by citizens under our laws and the duties imposed upon them. It is believed that this work will supply this demand. The book has been divided into four titles or parts. Title I treats of the requirements of the law relative to the quali- fications necessary to become a citizen of the United States and therein of males, unmarried females, widows, minors, etc.; Title II shows in detail the procedure to be followed and the formalities to be complied with in the various steps of acquiring citizenship; Title III contains a complete set of all the questions which the applicant may be required to answer sufficient to meet the relative facts of every case; Title IV comprises the "Declaration of Independence," the Constitution of the United States, and the Naturalization Laws. The work has been so arranged and the meaning so ex- pressed that every part of it will be intelligible to the attentive reader. A thorough study of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the United States in connection with the questions and answers found in Title III should place within the apprehension and understanding of every intelli- gent reader and of everyone who proposes to become a citizen of this country a knowledge of the form and division of the government by and under which the people of the United States govern themselves and enjoy and feel secure in the blessings of life and liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The Author. HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN TITLE I. QUALIFICATIONS NECESSARY TO BECOME A CITI- ZEN OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Chapter I. A Summary of the Conditions and Qualifications Necessary to Obtain Citizenship of the United States. Whenever herein the colloquial phrase "First Paper or Papers" is employed, it is synonymous with the term ''Declara- tion of Intention" to become a citizen of the United States. And whenever the phrases "Second Paper" or "Full" or "Final Papers" are used, they are synonymous with the term "Final Certificate of Citizenship." Citizenship a Matter of Right. Under the laws of the United States an alien enjoys the legal right to be admitted to citizenship, provided he has the necessary qualifications, performed the requisite conditions and follows the exact procedure prescribed by law. Conditions and Qualifications for Males, Unmarried Females or Widows. Applicant must have resided continuously within the United States five years at least on the date immediately pre- ceding his application, and at least one year within the State or Territory in which the application for citizenship is made. That during this time he has behaved as a man of good moral character. That he is attached to the principles of the Constitution of the United States. That he is able to speak English at the time of his appli- cation for his "Second Paper," provided he is not physically 10 now TO BECOME A CITIZEN unable to do so except that a person who appHes for a home- stead and performs the conditions of the Homestead laws need not show that he is able to speak English and except, sec- ondly, a person who had his First Paper before the 28th day of September, 1906. That the applicant is not an anarchist or believes in or is affiliated with any organization teaching opposition to organ- ized government or one who advocates or teaches the duty of unlawfully assaulting or killing any officer of any organized government because of his official character. He must not be a polygamist or believe in polygamy. He must renounce any hereditary title or order of nobility. He must renounce all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign potentate, prince, city or state of which he may at the time of filing his petition be a citizen or subject. He must have his so-called "First Paper" at least two years hut not more than seven years that is to say : He must make his final application for citizenship, that is for his "Second Paper," before seven years have elapsed from the date of his "First Paper" otherwise the "First Paper" becomes null and void. Exception: But a person who had received his "First Paper" before the 28th day of September, 1906, is entitled to his "Second Paper," though at the time of his application there- for he is in possession of his "First Paper" more than seven years and though he is not able to speak the English language. Conditions for Minors Status of Children Born Within or Without the Jurisdiction of the United States. Minors are all persons under 21 years of age. Formerly a minor on attaining the age of 21 years could be naturalized without having previously obtained his "First Papers." This has been changed. An alien minor on attaining the age of 18 years may take out his "First Paper." However, in order to become a citizen, he must have his HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN II "First Paper" at least two years, he must be 21 years of age, and he must have resided at least five years continuously within the United States. But children who were under 21 years of age at the time of the death of their father, who had taken out his "First Paper'* but died before he actually became a citizen, may be naturalized upon the "First Paper" of the father, upon such children or minors attaining the age of 21 years. In case a father dies after having obtained his "First Paper," but before he actually becomes a citizen, the mother, as long as she remains unmarried, may take out "Second Papers" upon the "First Paper" taken out by the deceased father and all the children who were under 21 years of age on the date of the mother's naturalization will thereby become naturalized. The children of immigrants born and dwelling within the United States acquire citizenship as a matter of right by virtue of being born within the United States. The children of immigrants born outside the United States acquire citizenship through the naturalization of the father before such children attain the age of 21 years but the citi- zenship of such children born outside the United States does not begin until they actually become residents of the United States. Children of citizens born out of the limits and jurisdiction of the United States are considered citizens of the United States. Status of Married Women. A married woman acquires citizenship through the natu- ralization of her husband, though she herself has not resided five years within the United States even when she is still in a foreign country at the time of her husband's naturalization within the United States. Girls and widows, whether under or over 21 years of age, acquire citizenship as a matter of course through their mar- riage to citizens of the United States. 12 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN WHO MAY BECOME CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES. Free White Persons and Aliens of African Descent. All aliens being free white persons and aliens of African nativity and persons of African descent may become citizens. Chinese. The naturalization of Chinese is prohibited by the laws of the United States of America. Alien Soldiers. An alien soldier of the United States Army of good moral character, at the age of 21 years, shall be admitted to become a citizen of the United States after one year's residence within the United States and without having previously obtained his "First Paper." Honorably Discharged Aliens from the U. S. Navy and Mem- bers of the Marine Corps. Any alien of 21 years and upward who has served or may hereafter serve five consecutive years in the United States Navy or one enlistment in the United States Marine Corps, and has been honorably discharged, shall be admitted to become a citizen of the United States without previously having taken out his "First Paper." Alien Seamen of United States Merchant Vessels. Alien Seamen of United States Merchant Vessels may become citizens after three years' service. Every alien sea- man who has taken out his "First Paper" and who shall have served, subsequent to the date of his "First Paper," three years on board of a merchant vessel of the United States, shall be admitted a citizen of the United States upon his application for citizenship by producing the following papers : 1. His certificate of discharge and good conduct during that time. 2. His "First Paper." HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 1 3 But such seaman enjoys all the protection of an American citizen immediately after obtaining his "First Paper." Inhabitants of Organized Territories of the United States and Their Status. That all the applicable provisions of the naturalization laws of the United States shall apply to and be held to author- ize the admission to citizenship of all persons not citizens who owe permanent allegiance to the United States, and who may become residents of any State or organized Territory of the United States, with the following modifications : The applicant shall not be required to renounce allegiance to any foreign sovereignty; he shall make his declaration of intention to become a citizen of the United States at least two years prior to his admission; and residence within the jurisdiction of the United States, owing such permanent allegiance, shall be re- garded as residence within the United States within the mean- ing of the five years' residence clause of the existing law. Naturalization of Alien Enemies Prohibited. Aliens who are citizens or subjects of a country with which the United States is at war cannot become citizens during the continuance of the war, subject to certain statutory exceptions. Change of Name. It shall be lawful, at the time and as a part of naturaliza- tion of any alien, for the court, in its discretion, upon the petition of such alien, to make a decree changing the name of said alien, and his certificate of naturalization shall be issued to him in accordance therewith. Chapter II. IN WHAT COURTS TO APPLY. The applicant may apply for admission to citizenship either to the United States Courts or to a State Court. 14 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN United States Courts. The United States or Federal Courts are: any Circuit or District Court of the United States within the district where the appHcant resides. The United States Court in the State of New York com- prises four separate districts, viz., the Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western. The seat of the United States Circuit and District Court for the Southern District of New York is in the General Post Office Building, City of New York. The United States Circuit and District Courts for the Eastern District are in the General Post Office Building, in Brooklyn, City of New York. STATE COURTS. Application to State Courts. State Courts to which application for citizenship may be made are : all courts of record having a seal, a clerk, and juris- diction in actions at law or equity, in which the amount in controversy is unlimited. The application to the State Court for admission to citizen- ship must be made in the county wherein the applicant has his residence; Municipal, Police and Criminal Courts have no power to issue certificates of citizenship. Costs and Fees. The "First Paper" will cost $i. The "Second Paper," or final certificate of naturalization, costs $4. The fees are the same anywhere within the United States. Duplicate Papers for Lost Papers. Any one having lost his "First" or "Second Paper" may obtain a duplicate "First" or "Second Paper" upon a sworn statement showing the loss of the respective paper. HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN I5 The statement must be sworn to before the Clerk of the Court to which the application for a "Duplicate Certificate" is addressed. This statement is then forwarded to the proper department in Washington with the request for authorization to issue "Duplicate Certificates." The Right to Vote. In some of the States of the United States aliens who have taken out their "First Paper" have the right to vote equally with naturalized or native-born citizens. But in the majority of States only actual citizens have the right to vote. The reason for this difference in the right to vote in the respective States is that "the right to vote" is conferred by and comes from the State, while naturalization is a right created by the laws of the United States and not by any one single State. Status of Naturalized Citizens Who Have Taken Up Their Residence Abroad. When any naturalized citizen, within five years from the issuance of his certificate of citizenship, shall return to the country of his nativity or any other foreign country and take permanent residence therein, it shall be considered prima facie evidence of a lack of intention on the part of such naturalized alien to become a permanent citizen of the United States, and his certificate of citizenship may be cancelled. It is the duty of United States consuls in foreign countries to furnish from time to time to the Department of Justice the names of such persons who have certificates of citizenship of the United States and who have taken permanent residence in such foreign countries. Status of Citizens Residing Abroad After Naturalization. When any naturalized American citizen shall have resided for two years in the State from which he came, or for five years in any other foreign State, it shall b^ presumed that he l6 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN has ceased to be an American citizen and the place of his general abode shall be deemed his place of residence during those years: Provided, however, that such presumption may be overcome on the presentation of satisfactory evidence to a diplomatic or consular officer of the United States under such rules and regulations as the Department of State may prescribe. Chapter III. PENALTIES. Penalties for Forging Certificate, Etc. That every person who falsely makes, forges, counterfeits, or causes or procures to be falsely made, forged, or counter- feited, or knowingly aids or assists in falsely making, forging, or counterfeiting any certificate of citizenship, with intent to use the same, or with the intent that the same may be used by some other person or persons, shall be guilty of a felony, and a person convicted of such offense shall be punished by im- prisonment for not more than ten years, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars, or by both such fine and im- prisonment. Penalties for Unlawfully Engraving Any Plate in the Likeness of a Certificate of Citizenship. That every person who engraves or causes or procures to be engraved, or assists in engraving, any plate in the likeness of any plate designed for the printing of a certificate of citi- zenship, or who sells any such plate, or who brings into the United States from any foreign place any such plate, except under the direction of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, or other proper officer, any person who has in his control, custody, or possession any metallic plate engraved after the similitude of any plate from which any such certificate has been printed, with intent to use such plate or suffer the same to be used in forging or counterfeiting any such certificate or any part thereof; and every person who prints, photographs. row -co BECOME A CITIZEN IJ or in any other manner causes to be printed, photographed, made or executed, any print or impression in the likeness of any such certificate, or any part thereof, or who sells any such certificate or brings the same into the United States from any foreign place, except by direction of some proper officer of the United States, or who has in his possession a distinctive paper which has been adopted by the proper officer of the United States for the printing of such certificate, with intent to unlawfully use the same, shall be punished by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars, or by imprisonment at hard labor for not more than ten years, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Penalties for Naturalization Unlawfully Procured, Etc. That any person who knowingly procures naturalization in violation of the provisions of this Act shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars, or shall be imprisoned not more than five years, or both, and upon conviction the court in which such conviction is had shall thereupon adjudge and declare the final order admitting such person to citizenship void. Jurisdiction is hereby conferred on the courts having jurisdiction of the trial of such oflFense to make such adjudi- cation. Any person who knowingly aids, advises, or encour- ages any person not entitled thereto to apply for or to secure naturalization, or to file the preliminary papers declaring an intent to become a citizen of the United States, or who in any naturalization proceeding knowingly procures or gives false testimony as to any material fact, or who knowingly makes an affidavit false as to any material fact required to be proved in such proceeding, shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. 1 8 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN TITLE II. Chapter IV. PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING CITIZENSHIP. How to Obtain the "First Paper." The so-called "First Paper*' is the declaration on the part of the applicant that it is his bona fide intention to become a citizen of the United States and to renounce all allegiance to the country of which he is a citizen or subject. The applicant must be at least i8 years of age. He should apply for his "First Paper" either to any Circuit or District Court of the United States in the District in which he resides or to any State Court authorized by law to confer citizenship. He must give the following information: His name, age, place of birth, profession, business or trade, his previous resi- dence in the foreign country, the date of his arrival, the name of the ship on which he arrived, the name of the port where he arrived, and an exact description of his person, such as height, color of hair, eyes, weight, complexion, and other vis- ible distinctive marks; that he is not an anarchist, that he is not a polygamist, that it is his bona fide intention to renounce allegiance to the State of which he is a citizen or subject, that it is his intention in good faith to become a citizen of the United States of America and permanently reside therein. All the foregoing statements must be embodied in the Declaration of Intention, and must be subscribed and sworn to by the applicant. Printed forms to be filled in and to be signed by the applicant are provided. See form on page 8i. The "First Paper" becomes invalid for all purposes seven HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN I9 years after the date thereof, unless the holder thereof has applied for his ^'Second Paper" within seven years after the date of the "First Paper." No witnesses are necessary on the application for "First Papers.*' Chapter V. How to Obtain the "Second Paper" or Final Certificate of Naturalization. The application for the "Second Paper" cannot be made until two years after the date of the "First Paper," but such application must be made within seven years after the date of the "First Paper," otherwise the "First Paper" becomes invalid. The applicant must be 21 years of age. He must have resided continuously for five years in the United States, and at least one year in the State in which he makes his application. He should apply to one of the Courts previously mentioned. Again he must sign a written petition and give the follow- ing information: His full name, his place of residence, by street and num- ber, his occupation, the date of his birth, when he emigrated to the United States, the name of the ship, the date of his arrival, the port where he arrived, whether he is married, his wife's name, the date of birth of his wife, her residence, num- ber of his children, the name, date and place of birth and place of residence of each of such children; that he is not an anarchist, that he is not a polygamist, that it is his intention to become a citizen of the United States and renounce alle- giance to any foreign potentate or State, that he is able to speak the English language, that he has resided continuously five years in the United States. The petition must be sworn to and signed by the applicant. Printed forms are provided by the Clerk of the Court, and are in substance like the form on pages 82-83 of this book. 20 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN Witnesses. Attached to the petition to be signed by the applicant is the statement of the two witnesses. The witnesses must be citizens of the United States (a woman may be a witness), and must state: their occupation, residence, that they have known the appHcant to be a resident of the United States for at least five years, that the applicant is a person of good moral character, attached to the principles of the Constitution of the United States and that in the opin- ion of the witness the applicant is qualified to be admitted to citizenship. Certificate of Commissioner of Immigration. If the applicant arrived in the United States after June 29, 1906, he must secure from the United States Commis- sioner of Immigration at the port where he arrived a certifi- cate showing the date of his arrival. The certificate is fur- nished free and may be obtained by writing to the Commis- sioner. (A form of the affidavit to be signed and sworn to by the witness is found on pages 83-84.) The petition of the applicant, with the affidavit of the witnesses and the certificate of the Commissioner of Immigra- tion (if any), are filed in Court. Ninety Days to Elapse Before Granting of Final Certificate of Naturalization. After the filing of the petition the names of the applicant and witnesses are posted by the Clerk in a public place in the court building. The Final Certificate of Naturalization, however, is not granted until at least 90 days have elapsed from the date of the filing of the petition. The applicant is usually notified on what day he shall ap- pear in Court for the final hearing citizenship being granted in open Court applicant must appear on the day designated HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 21 with his witnesses and he is then examined in open Court by the judge as to his qualifications, his witnesses are examined, and if appHcant's quaHfications are deemed sufficient the citi- zenship is granted. During the preceding ninety days or more, that is, in the interim between the fihng of the petition and the final hear- ing, the Clerk through the various Departments, Bureaus of Immigration and Naturalization and the channels of informa- tion available to him has made inquiries whether all the state- ments made by the applicant or his witnesses are true. Chapter VI. Valuable Information. You want two witnesses naturalized or native-born citizens. If your witnesses are naturalized they are required to have their citizen paper in Court. Witnesses must have personally known and must have been in contact with you for at least five years. They are required to state how and when they became acquainted with you, how often they have seen you during the five years or the period they have known you. Take such witnesses as have seen you at least once or twice a month during the five years. Witnesses must have known you for five years at least immediately preceding the filing of your petition. If you cannot get your witnesses to come voluntarily you may have them summoned to Court by subpoena. If you have lived part of the five years in another State and you cannot get witnesses in the city or State where you make your application, you may have the testimony of wit- nesses who have known you in such other State during the time you resided there, taken before a District Attorney and forwarded to you to be used on your application. Be very careful to answer all questions correctly, particu- larly the correct names of your wife and children, the correct 22 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN dates of their birth for if you make a mistake, for instance, in the age of a child, such child cannot claim citizenship through your naturalization. Therefore do not make any errors in your answers. Be careful that your answers are the same on your appli- cations for first and second papers. Don't make any false statements intentionally or uninten- tionally. Any false statement by you or your witnesses, if discovered within five years afterwards, may be sufficient grounds for the cancellation of your citizenship. The following questions should be carefully studied, and if the applicant can master them he will be qualified for citi- zenship. The applicant should carefully read the Constitu- tion of the United States and the Declaration of Independence, and by doing so will better understand many of the questions and answers. BOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 23 TITLE III. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PREPARED FOR APPLICANTS FOR CITIZENSHIP OF THE UNITED STATES. Chapter VII. QUESTIONS ASKED ON APPLICATION FOR YOUR "FIRST PAPER." Each of the following questions the applicant must be prepared to answer in taking out his "First Paper.*' Q. What is your age? Q. What is your occupation? Q. What is your personal description : color, complexion, height, weight, color of hair, color of eyes, other visible dis- tinctive marks? Q. Where were you born and when? Q. Where do you now reside? Q. When did you emigrate to the United States of America ? Q. From what port did you sail? Q. On what vessel did you come? Q. Is it your bona fide intention to renounce forever all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state or sovereignty, particularly of of which you arc now a citizen (subject) ? Q. At what port did you arrive? Q. On what date did you arrive? Q. Are you an anarchist? Q. Are you a polygamist or do you believe in the prac- tice of polygamy? 24 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN Q. Is it your intention in good faith to become a citizen of the United States of America and to permanently reside therein ? The foregoing are all the questions asked the applicant for "First Papers" and no witnesses are necessary. All the questions, however, must be correctly answered; they are in- corporated in his Declaration of Intention to become a citizen, which must be signed and sworn to by the applicant. Chapter VIII. QUESTIONS ASKED ON FIRST APPLICATION FOR YOUR "SECOND OR FINAL PAPER." Each of the following questions the applicant must be prepared to answer at the time of applying for his "Second Paper." Q. What is your full name? Q. Where is your place of residence number and street city of State (Territory or District) of? Q. What is your occupation? Q. When were you born date and year? Q. Where were you born? Q. When did yoy emigrate to the United States from what port or place when date and year? Q. At what port in the United States did you arrive in what vessel (ship) and when? Q. When did you declare your intention to become a citizen of the United States (= when did you get your "First Paper") what date where in what court? Q. Are you married? Q. What is the full name of your wife? Q. Where was your wife born? Q. Where does your wife reside? Q. How many children have you? Q. What is the name, date and place of birth and place of residence of each of your children? HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 25 Q. Do you disbelieve or are you opposed to organized government ? Q. Are you a member of or affiliated with any organiza- tion or body of persons teaching disbelief in organized gov- ernment ? Q. Are you a polygamist or a believer in the practice of polygamy ? Q. Are you attached to the principles of the Constitution of the United States? Q. Is it your intention to become a citizen of the United States and to renounce absolutely and forever all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state or sovereignty, and particularly to of which you are now a citizen (or subject) ? Q. Is it your intention to reside permanently in the United States? Q. Are you able to speak the English language? Q. Have you resided continuously in the United States of America for a term of five years at least immediately pre- ceding the date of your petition (for "Second Papers")? Q. Have you resided in the State (Territory or District) of (where you apply for "Second Papers") for one year at least next preceding the date of your petition? Q. Have you ever made a petition for citizenship to any court before? If so ^where and why it was denied? All the foregoing questions must be answered by the appli- cant on making his application to the Court for his "Second Paper." They are incorporated in narrative form in the petition, which must be signed and sworn to by the applicant. Many of the questions are the same as on the application for "First Papers." Care should be taken by the applicant that all the questions are answered correctly, and particularly the questions with respect to name of wife, number of children, names, date and place of birth and place of residence of each of such children, as any material error will prevent any such child from claiming citizenship of the United States through and on the ground that his father was a citizen. (Of course, 26 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN this applies only to children born out of the limits and juris- diction of the United States. ) Chapter IX. QUESTIONS FOR APPLICANT AND WITNESSES. Questions Asked the Applicant. Q. When did you become acquainted with your witnesses and each one of them? Q. Where did you become acquainted with your wit- nesses ? Q. How did you become acquainted with your witnesses with each one ? (State all the circumstances when, where and how you met them the first time in the United States.) Q. How often have you seen each of your witnesses dur- ing the past five years ? Questions Asked the Witnesses. Q. What is your name and occupation? Q. Where do you reside? Q. Are you a citizen of the United States? (Witnesses must be citizens.) Q. How long have you personally known the applicant? Q. Have you personally known the applicant to be a resi- dent of the United States for a period of at least five years continuously immediately preceding the date of the filing of the petition and of the State (Territory or District) of (in which the application is made) for a period of one year at least preceding the date of the filing of the petition? State how long. Q. When, where and how did you first meet or become acquainted with the applicant? (State the circumstances of the first acquaintance this must substantially correspond with the statements made by the applicant in answer to the like question. ) HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 2^ Q. How often during the time of your acquaintance have you seen the appHcant? Q. Do you know of your own personal knowledge that the applicant is a person of good moral character? Q. Do you know of your own personal knowledge that the applicant is attached to the principles of the Constitution of the United States? Q. In your opinion, is the applicant qualified in every way to be admitted as a citizen of the United States? All the foregoing questions must be answered by each of the two witnesses. The answers are incorporated in narrative form in the witnesses' affidavit, which must be signed and sworn to by each of the witnesses. The affidavit of the witnesses is attached to the petition of the applicant and petition of applicant and affidavit of wit- nesses are filed with the Clerk of the Court. This concludes the first step in the application for "Second Papers." Ninety days at least must elapse after the filing of the petition, after which the applicant and his witnesses must again appear in Court; the applicant and witnesses to be finally examined as to whether the applicant is properly qualified to be admitted to citizenship. The applicant will be notified by the clerk when to appear with his witnesses. This last examination takes place in open court before a Justice. The witnesses will be asked practically the same questions as above stated. The applicant, however, now faces his final examination, during which he must show to the satisfaction of the presiding Justice that he possesses a sufficient knowledge of the Consti- tution, Form of Government of the United States, the various States, etc., as will qualify him to be admitted to citizenship. The applicant should thoroughly study the following ques- tions and answers, read the Constitution and Declaration of 28 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN Independence contained in this book, and compare the same with the questions and answers. Though it may be possible that some of the questions may be asked in another form, if the appHcant thoroughly famil- iarizes himself with the meaning of the questions and with the answers thereto he will be sufficiently qualified to be admitted to citizenship. The applicant should have no fear, and answer the ques- tions asked by the Justice or District Attorney frankly for one wrong answer will not disqualify him and the judge is quick to see whether the applicant has studied the questions, and in such case will usually render him assistance in passing the examination by asking the question over again or in an- other way so as to guide the applicant to a correct answer. Chapter X. QUESTIONS ASKED BY THE COURTS WITH THE ANSWERS THERETO AT THE FINAL HEARING. Concerning Particularly the Constitution of the United States, the Form of our National and State Governments, Etc. Q. Under what form of government do we live? A. We live under a Republican form of Government in other words our Government is a Republic. Q. What is a Republic ? A. A representative government ^that is, a government by the people. Q. Have we an emperor, a king or other ruler? A. No. Q. What is a Monarchy? A. A country ruled by an emperor or king. Q. What is the difference between a Republic, such as we have, and a Monarchy? A. Under a Monarchy the laws are made by the emperor or king, while in our country the laws are made by the people HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 2g through elected representatives in other words, in a Mon- archy the king rules while in this country the people rule. Constitution. Q. Which is the highest law in the United States? A. The Constitution. Q. What is the Constitution? A. It is the fundamental law of the country to which all other laws must be subject. Q. Did you ever read the Constitution? A. Yes. Q. What are the purposes of the Constitution? A. To establish and secure justice and equal rights to all and the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity. Q. Who made the Constitution? A. The representatives of the thirteen original colonies. Q. When was the Constitution of the United States adopted ? A. September 1 7th, 1 787. In the Constitutional Conven- tion, Congress and the several States accepted it. Q. Where was it adopted? A. In Philadelphia. Q. What are the names of those thirteen original States? A. They are Maryland, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Virginia, New Jersey, New York, Delaware, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, Rhode Island. Q. How can the Constitution be amended? A. Amendments to the Constitution must be proposed by a two-thirds majority of both houses of Congress and approved by three-quarters of the States of the Union. Q. Has the Constitution ever been amended since its original adoption? A. Yes. Q. How many amendments are there to the Constitution ? A. Fifteen. !;t^ -^ ^ , 30 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN Q. Into how many branches has the Constitution divided the Government of the United States ? A. Into three branches. Q. What are they? A. The Legislative, the Executive and the Judicial. Q. What constitutes the Legislative Branch of the United States Government? A. Congress. Q. What constitutes the Executive Branch? A. The President and his Cabinet. Q. And what constitutes the Judicial Branch ? A. The Supreme Court of the United States. Q. Why was the U. S. Government divided into three Branches ? A. To prevent the whole power of government from being lodged in one man or one body, therefore the divisiot^ that one branch should act as a check upon the other. Congress. (The Legislative Branch.) Q. Who makes the laws of the United States ? A. Congress, at Washington. Q. Does the Congress alone make the laws ? A. Yes, but the President must sign the laws made by Congress. Q. What does the Congress consist of ? A. The Congress of the United States consists of two Houses, which are ^the Senate and the House of Representa- tives. Q. How many members has the Senate ? A. Two. from every State of the Union. Q. Are the Senators elected directly by the people ? A. No.lj>i^ Q. How are the United States Senators appointed? A. The-tegislatur~.af--ach^,StataifJb--^^^ twe-&natox:. Q. How long is their term of office? HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 3 1 A. United States Senators are elected for six years. Q. How are the members of the House of Representa- tives elected? A. By direct vote of the people. Q. For how long a term are they elected ? A. For two years. Q. How many members of the House of Representatives may each State have? , ^^^ A. One Representative for about every ^9^^000 inhabi- tants; (but a State having less inhabitants is entitled to a Representative in Congress). Q. How are the Congressional Districts formed ? A. The Congress allots to each State of the Union as many Representatives as such respective State is entitled to, according to its population ; but the Legislature of each State divides the State into Congressional Districts. Q. Congress meets how often? A. Once, yearly, on the first Monday of December. Q. What are the powers of Congress ? A. To impose taxes, to borrow money on the credit of the United States, to regulate commerce with foreign nations, to establish a uniform system of naturalization, to coin money, to establish post-offices and roads, to declare war, to raise and support armies, etc. President, Vice-President, The Cabinet. (The Executive Branch of the Government.) Q. Who is chief executive officer of the United States? A. The President. Q. Where is the seat of government of the United States and the President ? A. At Washington, District of Columbia. Q. Who elects the President of the United States? A, Indirectly the people; that is, the people of each State elect a certain number of electors, and the electors thus elected by the people elect the President. The electors are 32 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN apportioned among the States according to population. New York elects the largest number of electors. Q. For how long is the President elected? A. For four years. Q. If no candidate for President receives a majority of the votes of the electors, who elects the President in such case ? A. The House of Representatives elects the President in such a case. Q. What are the duties and power of the President? A. He shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States. He shall see that the laws are enforced. He shall have power to make treaties with the consent of the Senate. He shall appoint ambassadors and other public minis- ters and consuls. He can veto laws made by Congress. Q. Where does the President preside? A. Over his Cabinet, which consists of the Secretaries of the State, Treasury, War, Navy, Interior, Agriculture, the Attorney-General, the Postmaster-General and the Secretary' of Commerce, and Labor. Q. How are the laws of the United States adopted? A. A bill in order to become a law, must first be adopted by the House of Representatives, then by the Senate, then it must be signed by the President, before it becomes a law. Q. Is it necessary that every law be signed by the Presi- dent? A. No; if the President retains a bill for ten days with- out signing or vetoing it, the bill becomes a law without his signature. Q. If the President refuses to sign or veto a bill which has passed both Houses of Congress, to wit: the Senate and the House of Representatives, can it still become a law? A. Yes ; but in such case Congress must pass the bill again by a two-thirds majority of the Senate and of the House of Representatives, and it then becomes a law without the Presi- dent's signature. Q. Can a naturalized citizen become President of the United States? HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 33 A. No; only a native-born citizen, not less than 35 years of age, can become President. Q. If the President dies, who becomes the President? A. The Vice-President ; and if the Vice-President dies, the Secretary of State, down to the last member of the President's Cabinet. Q. How is the Vice-President elected? In the same manner as the President. Over what body does the Vice-President preside ? Over the Senate of the United States. Who was the first President of the United States? George Washington from 1789 to 1793. Who is the present President ? Woodrow Wilson. May a native-born woman become President of the United States? A. Yes. United States Supreme Court and United States Courts. (Constituting the Judicial Branch of the Government.) Q. What is the highest Court in the United States ? A. United States Supreme Court at Washington. Q. What are the powers and duties of the Supreme Court at Washington? A. To define and interpret the meaning of the Constitu- tion ; to decide whether laws enacted by Congress or State laws are in conformity or against the principles and meaning of the Constitution, and to declare any law in conflict with the Con- stitution to be unconstitutional, as the Constitution is our high- est law, coming directly from the people. Q. Who appoints the judges of the United States Courts? A. They are appointed for life by the President, but with the advice and consent of the Senate. Q. Is every citizen who is accused of a crime, entitled to have a trial by jury? A. Yes, under the Constitution. Q. What is a jury? 34 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN A. Twelve men selected by the accused and the people, who hear the evidence and either acquit or convict the accused. Q. State the duties of a United States citizen? A. To obey the laws and to defend the country in times of war. Q. How many stars are there in the flag of the United States? A. Forty-eight one star for each State. Q. How many States has the Union? A. Forty-eight. Q. Did you read the Declaration of Independence? A. Yes. Q. What is the date of the Declaration of Independence and when did our country declare its independence? A. July 4, I yjd, on which date it was signed in Congress by the deputies of the thirteen original colonies. STATE LAWS. (The following questions and answers have particular reference to the State and City of New York, but the questions may be adopted for each State. ) Q. Can you name any other laws besides those made by Congress at Washington? A. Yes ; each State makes its own laws. Q. Who makes the laws in each State? A The Legislature of each State, which consists of a Senate and an Assembly the Senate being the Upper House and the Assembly the Lower House. Q. How are the members of the Senate and the members of the Assembly of each State elected? A. By direct vote of the people. Q. Who is the head of the government of a State? A. The Governor of each State. Q. Who elects the Governor of a State? A. By direct vote of the people. Q. What are the powers and duties of the Governor of a State? HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 35 A. To enforce the laws of the State; to sign all bills passed by the Legislature; if the Governor vetoes a bill the Legislature may pass the bill again with a two-thirds majority, and it then becomes a law without the signature of the Governor. Q. Who makes the laws of the State of New York? A. The Legislature at Albany, consisting of the State Senate and the State Assembly. Q. How many members has the Senate at Albany? A. Fifty-one members; each State Senator is elected for two years. Q. How many members has the Assembly at Albany? A. One hundred and fifty members; each Assemblyman is elected for one year. Q. What is the term of office of the Governor of the State of New York? A. Two years. Q. Name the capital of the State of New York? A. Albany. Q. Who makes the laws for the government of the City of New York? A. The Legislature at Albany. Q. What is the title of the chief executive officer of the City Government? A. The Mayor. Q. What is the term of office of the Mayor of the City of New York? A. Four years; he is elected by the people. Q. May the Mayor of the City of New York veto a law made at Albany for the government of the City of New York? A. Yes; but in such case, the Legislature may pass the bill again, and if so passed again it becomes a law. Q. Do you know what a City Ordinance is? A. Yes; a law for the regulation of the matters and affairs not provided for by the Legislature at Albany. Q. Who makes the City Ordinances? A. The Municipal Assembly Board of Aldermen. 36 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN TITLE IV. Chapter XL THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. In Congress, July 4th, 1776. The Unanimous Declaration of the Thirteen Original Colonies (United States) of America. When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have con- nected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed, by their creator, with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, gov- ernments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed ; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and or- ganizing its powers in such form as to them shall seem most likely to affect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate, that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly, all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 37 despotism, it is their right, it is their duty to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these col- onies ; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present king of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation, till his assent should be obtained ; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relin- quish the right of representation in the legislature a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the repository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people. He has refused, for a long time after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large, for their exercise, the state remaining, in the mean time, exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within. He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states; for that purpose obstructing the laws for naturaliza- tion of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new appropria- tions of lands. 38 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refus- ing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers, to harass our people, and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the consent of our legislatures. He has affected to render the military independent of, and superior to, the civil power. He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation: For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these states : For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world : For imposing taxes on us without our consent: For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury: For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences : For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neigh- boring province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies : For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering, fundamentally, the forms of our govern- ment: For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring them- selves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases what- soever. HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 39 He has abdicated government here by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns and destroyed the lives of our people. He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mer- cenaries to complete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny already begun, with circumstances of cruelty and per- fidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation. He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. He has excited domestic insurrections among us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions. In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms ; our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have we been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable juris- diction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of justice and consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity which denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace friends. We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled, appealing to the 40 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, to, in the name and by the authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare that these United Col- onies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States ; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; and that, as free and independent States, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliance, establish com- merce, and to do all other acts and things which independent States may of right do. And for the support of this declara- tion, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Provi- dence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. Signed by order and in behalf of the Congress. JOHN HANCOCK, President. Attested, CHARLES THOMPSON, Secretary. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Benjamin Rush, JosHiAH Bartlett, Benjamin Franklin, William Whipple, John Morton, Matthew Thornton. George Clymer, James Smith, RHODE ISLAND, ETC. George Taylor, Stephen Hopkins, J^^^^ Wilson, William Ellely. ^^^^^^ ^^ss. NEW YORK. VIRGINIA. William Floyd, George Wythe, Phillip Livingston, Richard Henry Lee, Francis Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, Lewis Morris. Benjamin Harrison, PENNSYLVANIA. Jr4\lJ';;. Robert Morris, Carter Braxton. HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 41 SOUTH CAROLINA. Edward Rutledge, Thomas Haywood, Jr., Thomas Lynch, Jr:, Arthur Middleton. MASSACHUSETTS BAY. Samuel Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Eldridge Gerry. CONNECTICUT. Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntingdon, William Williams, Oliver Wolcott. NEW JERSEY. Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark. DELAWARE. Caesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas M'kean. MARYLAND. Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. NORTH CAROLINA. William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Penn. GEORGIA. Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton. Chapter XII. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. preamble. We, the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tran- quility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. 4^ HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN Article I. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. Section i. Division into Two Houses. I. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Section 2. House of Representatives. 1. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States; and the electors in each State shall have the qualifica- tions requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. 2. No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. 3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative ; and until such enumera- tion shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three; Massachusetts, eight; Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, one; Connecticut, five; New York, six; New Jersey, four; Pennsylvania, eight; Delaware, HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 43 one; Maryland, six; Virginia, ten; North Carolina, five; South Carolina, five; and Georgia, three. 4. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of elec- tion to fill such vacancies. 5. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. Section 3. Senate, 1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. 2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in conse- quence of the first election, they shall be divided, as equally as may be, into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year; of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year; and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year; so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacan- cies happen, by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments, until the next meeting of the Legisla- ture, which shall then fill such vacancies. 3. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. 4. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. 5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. 44 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 6. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all im- peachments; when sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief-Justice shall preside ; and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the mem- bers present. 7. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit, under the United States; but the party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment and punishment, according to law. Section 4. Elections and Meetings of Congress. 1. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof ; but the Congress may at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year ; and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in Decem- ber, unless they shall, by law, appoint a different day. Section 5. Powers and Duties of the Houses. 1. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, re- turns, and qualifications of its own members; and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties, as each House may provide. 2. Each House may determine the rules of its proceed- ings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. 3. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy; and the yeas and HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 45 nays of the members of either House, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. 4. Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. Section 6. Privileges of and Prohibitions upon Members, 1. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a com- pensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall, in all cases except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other place. 2. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased, during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office. Section /. Revenue Bills: President's Veto. 1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose, or concur with, amendments, as on other bills. 2. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Repre- sentatives and the Senate shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States; if he approve, he shall sign it ; but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to recon- sider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that 46 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and, if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But, in all such cases, the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bills shall be entered on the journal of each House respectively. H any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. 3. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concur- rence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United States, and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. J Section 8. Legislative Powers of Congress. The Congress shall have power : 1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States: 2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States : 3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes : 4. To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uni- form laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States: 5. To coin money; to regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin; and fix the standard of weights and measures: HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 47 6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States: 7. To estabHsh post-offices and post-roads : 8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for Hmited times, to authors and inventors, the ex- clusive right to their respective writings and discoveries : 9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court : 10. To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations : 11. To declare war; grant letters of marque and reprisal; and make rules concerning captures on land and water: 12. To raise and support armies; but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years : 13. To provide and maintain a navy : 14. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces : 15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions : 16. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States ; reserving to the States respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress : 17. To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatso- ever over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockyards, and other needful buildings : And 18. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. 48 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN Section p. Prohibitions upon the United States. 1. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. 2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. . 3. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. 4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. 5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. No preference shall be given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one State be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. 6. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. 7. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States ; and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State. Section 10. Prohibitions upon the States. I. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or con- federation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 49 post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts; or grant any title of nobility. 2. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws ; and the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. Article II. EXECUTIVE department: THE PRESIDENT AND VICE- PRESIDENT. Section i. Term Election Qualifications Salary Oath of Office. 1. The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice- President, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows: 2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legis- lature thereof may direct, a number of Electors equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. The following clause has been superseded by Article XII of the Amendments: 3. The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall 50 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such num- ber be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representa- tives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for Presi- dent; and if no person have a majority, then, from the five highest on the list, the said House shall, in like manner, choose the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a mem- ber or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them, by ballot, the Vice- President. 4. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes, which day shall be the same throughout the United States. 5. No person except a native-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Consti- tution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resi- dent within the United States. 6. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 5 1 powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress may, by law, provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President; and such officer shall act accord- ingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. 7. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected ; and he shall not receive, within that period, any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. 8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation : "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States ; and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." Section 2. Presidents Execntive Powers, 1. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States when called into the actual service of the United States ; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive Departments upon any sub- ject relating to the duties of their respective offices; and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for oflFences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 2. He shall have power by and with the advice and con- sent of the Senate to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate shall appoint, am- bassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law ; but the Congress may. 52 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN by law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the Heads of Departments. 3. The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. Section j. President's Executive Powers Continued. I. He shall from time to time give to the Congress in- formation of the state of the Union; and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient. He may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper. He shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers. He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed; and shall commission all the officers of the United States. Section 4. Impeachment. I. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United States shall be removed from office on impeach- ment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. Article IH. judicial department. Section i. Courts Terms of Office. I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Con- gress may, from time to time, ordain and establish. The judges both of the Supreme and inferior Courts shall hold their offices during good behavior; and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 53 Section 2. Jurisdiction. 1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases afifecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party, to controversies between two or more States; between a State and citizens of another State; between citizens of different States ; between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States; and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects. 2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public minis- ters and consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations, as the Congress shall make. 3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeach- ment, shall be by jury ; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. Section j. Treason. 1. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. 2. The Congress shall have power to declare the punish- ment of treason; but no attainder of treason shall \,ork cor- ruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. 54 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN Article IV. RELATIONS OF STATES. Section i. Public Records. I. Full faith and credit shall be given, in each State, to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every Other State. And the Congress may, by general laws, pre- scribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. Section 2. Rights in One State of Citizens of Another, 1. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States. 2. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. 3. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor; but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. Section j. New States Territories. 1. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State, nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. 2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of, and make all needful rules and regulations respecting, the terri- tory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to preju- HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 55 dice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State. Section 4. Protection afforded to States by the Nation. I. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government; and shall protect each of them against invasion, and on application of the Legis- lature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence. Article V. AMENDMENT. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitu- tion, or, on the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments ; which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress; pro- vided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. Article VL NATIONAL debts SUPREMACY OF NATIONAL LAW OATH. 1. All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confederation. 2. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties 56 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN made or which shall be made under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land, and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Con- stitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. 3. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several Legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound, by oath or affirmation, to sup- port this Constitution; but no religious test shall ever be re- quired as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. Article VII. ESTABLISHMENT OF CONSTITUTION. The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same. [Constitution ratified by States, 1 787-1 790.] AMENDMENTS. Article I. FREEDOM OF RELIGION, OF SPEECH, AND OF THE PRESS RIGHT OF PETITION. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. ^^^^p^^^ ^^^^^ Article II. RIGHT TO KEEP ARMS. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. ^^^^p^^^ ^^^^^ HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 57 Article III. QUARTERING OF SOLDIERS IN PRIVATE HOUSES. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner ; nor in a time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. [Adopted 1 791.] Article IV. SEARCH WARRANTS. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated ; and no warrant shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the person or things to be seized. [Adopted 1 791.] Article V. CRIMINAL proceedings. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or other- wise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service, in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject, for the same offence, to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb, nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation. [Adopted 1 791.] Article VI. CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been com- mitted, which district shall have been previously ascertained 58 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. [Adopted 1 791.] Article VII. JURY TRIAL IN CIVIL CASES. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re- examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law. [Adopted 1 791.] Article VIII. EXCESSIVE PUNISHMENTS. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. [Adopted 1 791.] Article IX. rights. OF people not named. The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. [Adopted 1 79 1.] Article X. POWERS RESERVED TO STATES. The powers not delegated to the United States, by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. [Adopted 1 791.] Article XL SUITS against states. The judicial power of the United States shall not be con- strued to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 59 prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. [Adopted 1798.] Article XII. ELECTION OF PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT. 1. The Electors shall meet in their respective States and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with them- selves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open jill the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then, from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the Representatives from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-Presi- dent shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. 2. The jjj!rson having the greatest number of votes as 60 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN Vice-President shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and if no person have a majority, then, from the two highest num- bers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President ; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole num- ber shall be necessary to a choice. 3. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. [Adopted 1804.] Article XIIL SLAVERY. Section i. Abolition of Slavery. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a pun- ishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly con- victed, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Power of Congress. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro- priate legislation. [Adopted 1865.] Article XIV. CIVIL RIGHTS ^apportionment OF REPRESENTATIVES POLIT- ICAL DISABILITIES PUBLIC DEBT. Section i. Civil Rights. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 6l due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdic- tion the equal protection of the laws. Section 2. Apportionment of Representatives. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. Section j. Political Disabilities. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Con- gress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. Section 4. Public Debt. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United 62 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. Section 5. Power of Congress. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. [Adopted 1868.] Article XV. RIGHT OF suffrage. Section i. Right of Negro to Vote. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any State, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Section 2. Power of Congress. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. [Adopted 1870.] Chapter XIII. NATURALIZATION LAWS AND REGULATIONS. Naturalization Laws. [In regard to the acquisition of citizenship by other means than naturalization, see Sections 1992 to 1995, inclusive, of the United States Revised Statutes. See also Section 2172 of the Revised Statutes.] United States Revised Statutes. TiTLE^ Naturalization. Honorably Discharged Soldiers Exempt from Certain For- malities. Sec. 2166. Any alien, of the age of twenty-one years and HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 63 Upward, who has enlisted, or may enlist, in the armies of the United States, either the regular or the volunteer forces, and has been, or may be hereafter, honorably discharged, shall be admitted to become a citizen of the United States, upon his petition, without any previous declaration of his intention to become such ; and he shall not be required to prove more than one year's residence within the United States previous to his application to become such citizen; and the court admitting such alien shall, in addition to such proof of residence and good moral character, as now provided by law, be satisfied by competent proof of such person's having been honorably dis- charged from the service of the United States. Aliens of African Nativity and Descent. Sec. 2169. (^^ amended, 1875.) The provisions of this title shall apply to aliens being free white persons, and to aliens of African nativity and to persons of African descent. Naturalisation to Alien Enemies Prohibited. Sec. 21 71. No alien who is a native citizen or subject, or a denizen of any country, state or sovereignty with which the United States are at war, at the time of his application, shall be then admitted to become a citizen of the United States; but persons resident within the United States, or the Terri- tories thereof, on the eighteenth day of June, in the year one thousand eight hundred and twelve, who had before that day made a declaration, according to law, of their intention to become citizens of the United States, or who were on that day entitled to become citizens, without making such declara- tion, may be admitted to become citizens thereof, notwith- standing they were alien enemies at the time and in the manner prescribed by the laws heretofore passed on that subject; nor shall anything herein contained be taken or construed to inter- fere with or prevent the apprehension and removal, agreeably to law, of any alien enemy at any time previous to the actual naturalization of such alien. 04 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN Alien Seamen of Merchant Vessels. Sec. 2174. Every seaman, being a foreigner, who declares his intention of becoming a citizen of the United States in any competent court, and shall have served three years on board of a merchant vessel of the United States subsequent to the date of such declaration, may, on his application to any com- petent court, and the production of his certificate of discharge and good conduct during that time, together with the certifi- cate of his declaration of intention to become a citizen, be admitted a citizen of the United States; and every seaman, being a foreigner, shall, after his declaration of intention to become a citizen of the United States, and after he shall have served such three years, be deemed a citizen of the United States for the purpose of manning and serving on board any merchant vessel of the United States, anything to the contrary in any act of Congress notwithstanding; but such seaman shall, for all purposes of protection as an American citizen, be deemed such, after the filing of his declaration of intention to become such citizen. Twenty-second Statutes at Large^ Page 58. Naturalisation of Chinese Prohibited. Sec. 14. That hereafter no State court or court of the United States shall admit Chinese to citizenship; and all laws in conflict with this act are hereby repealed. Twenty-eighth Statutes at Large, Page 124. Aliens Honorably Discharged from Service in Navy or Marine Corps. Any alien of the age of twenty-one years and upward who has enlisted or may enlist in the United States Navy or Marine Corps, and has served or may hereafter serve five consecutive years in the United States Navy or one enlistment in the United States Marine Corps, and has been or may hereafter HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 65 be honorably discharged, shall be admitted to become a citizen of the United States upon his petition, without any previous declaration of his intention to become such; and the court admitting such alien shall, in addition to proof of good moral character, be satisfied by competent proof of such person's service in and honorable discharge from the United States Navy or Marine Corps. An Act to Validate Certain Certificates of Natural- ization. [Stat. 1905-6, Part I, 630.] Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That naturalization certificates issued after the Act approved March third, nineteen hundred and three, entitled "An Act to regulate the immigration of aliens into the United States," went into effect, which fail to show that the courts issuing said certifi- cates complied with the requirements of section thirty-nine of said Act, but which were otherwise lawfully issued, are hereby declared to be as valid as though said certificates complied with said section. Provided, That in all such cases applications shall be made for new naturalization certificates, and when the same are granted, upon compliance with the provisions of said Act of nineteen hundred and three, they shall relate back to the defective certificates, and citizenship shall be deemed to have been perfected at the date of the defective certificate. Sec. 2. That all the records relating to naturalization, all declarations of intention to become citizens of the United States, and all certificates of naturalization filed, recorded, or issued prior to the time when this Act takes effect in or from the criminal court of Cook County, Illinois, shall for all pur- poses be deemed to be and to have been made, filed, recorded, or issued by a court with jurisdiction to naturalize aliens, but shall not be by this Act further validated or legalized. Approved, June 29, 1906. 66 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN Chapter XIV. NATURALIZATION ACT OF JUNE 29, 1906. An Act to Establish a Bureau of Immigration and Natural- ization, and to Provide for a Uniform Rule for the Naturalization of Aliens Throughout the United States. [Stat. 1905-6, Part I, p. 596.] Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the designation of the Bureau of Immigration in the Depart- ment of Commerce and Labor is hereby changed to the "Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization," which said Bureau, under the direction and control of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, in addition to the duties now provided by law, shall have charge of all matters concerning the natu- ralization of aliens. That it shall be the duty of the said Bureau to provide, for use at the various immigration sta- tions throughout the United States, books of record, wherein the commissioners of immigration shall cause a registry to be made in the case of each alien arriving in the United States from and after the passing of this Act of the name, age, occupation, personal description (including height, com- plexion, color of hair and eyes), the place of birth, the last residence, the intended place of residence in the United States, and the date of arrival of said alien, and, if entered through a port, the name of the vessel in which he comes. And it shall be the duty of said commissioners of immigration to cause to be granted to such alien a certificate of such registry, with the particulars thereof. Sec. 2. That the Secretary of Commerce and Labor shall provide the said Bureau with such additional furnished offices within the city of Washington, such books of record and facilities, and such additional assistants, clerks, stenographers, typewriters, and other employees as may be necessary for the proper discharge of the duties imposed by this Act upon such HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 6/ Bureau, fixing the compensation of such additional employees until July first, nineteen hundred and seven, within the appro- priations made for that purpose. Sec. 3. That exclusive jurisdiction to naturalize aliens as citizens of the United States is hereby conferred upon the following specified courts : United States and district courts now existing, or which may hereafter be established by Congress in any State, United States district courts for the Territories of Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Hawaii, and Alaska, the supreme court of the District of Columbia, and the United States courts for the Indian Territory; also all courts of record in any State or Territory now existing, or which may hereafter be created, having a seal, a clerk, and jurisdiction in actions at law or equity, or law and equity, in which the amount in controversy is unlimited. That the naturalization jurisdiction of all courts herein specified. State, Territorial, and Federal, shall extend only to aliens resident within the respective judicial districts of such courts. The courts herein specified shall, upon the requisition of the clerks of such courts, be furnished from time to time by the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization with such blank forms as may be required in the naturalization of aliens, and all certificates of naturalization shall be consecutively numbered and printed on safety paper furnished by said Bureau. Sec. 4. That an alien may be admitted to become a citizen of the United States in the following manner and not other- wise: First. He shall declare on oath before the clerk of any court authorized by the Act to naturalize aliens, or his author- ized deputy, in the district in which such alien resides, two years at least prior to his admission, and after he has reached the age of eighteen years, that it is bona fide his intention to become a citizen of the United States, and to renounce for- 68 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN ever all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty, and particularly, by name, to the prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty of which the alien may be at the time a citizen or subject. And such declaration shall set forth the name, age, occupation, personal description, place of birth, last foreign residence and allegiance, the date of arrival, the name of the vessel, if any, in which he came to the United States, and the present place of residence in the United States of said alien: Provided, however. That no alien who, in conformity with the law in force at the date of his declaration, has declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States shall be required to renew such declaration. Second. Not less than two years or more than seven years after he has made such declaration of intention he shall make and file, in duplicate, a petition in writing, signed by the appli- cant in his own handwriting and duly verified, in which peti- tion such applicant shall state his full name, his place of resi- dence (by street and number, if possible), his occupation, and, if possible, the date and place of his birth; the place from which he emigrated, and the date and place of his arrival in the United States, and, if he entered through a port, the name of the vessel on which he arrived; the time when and the place and name of the court where he declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States; if he is married he shall state the name of his wife and, if possible, the country of her nativity and her place of residence at the time of filing his petition; and if he has children, the name, date, and place of birth and place of residence of each child living at the time of the filing of his petition; Provided, That if he has filed his declaration before the passage of this Act he shall not be required to sign the petition in his own handwriting. The petition shall set forth that he is not a disbeliever in or opposed to organized government, or a member of or affiliated with any organization or body of persons teaching disbelief in or opposed to organized government, a polygamist HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 69 or believer in the practice of polygamy, and that it is his inten- tion to become a citizen of the United States and to renounce absolutely and forever all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty, and particularly by name to the prince, potentate, state or sovereignty of which he at the time of filing of his petition may be a citizen or sub- ject, and that it is his intention to reside permanently within the United States, and whether or not he has been denied admission as a citizen of the United States, and, if denied, the ground or grounds of such denial, the court or courts in which such decision was rendered, and that the cause for such denial has since been cured or removed, and every fact material to his naturalization and required to be proved upon the final hearing of his application. The petition shall also be verified by the affidavits of at least two credible witnesses, who are citizens of the United States, and who shall state in their affidavits that they have personally known the applicant to be a resident of the United States for a period of at least five years continuously, and of the state, territory or district in which the application is made for a period of at least one year immediately preceding the date of the filing of his petition, and that they each have per- sonal knowledge that the petitioner is a person of good moral character, and that he is in every way qualified, in their opinion, to be admitted as a citizen of the United States. At the time of filing his petition there shall be filed with the clerk of the court a certificate from the Department of Commerce and Labor, if the petitioner arrives in the United States after the passage of this act, stating the date, place and manner of his arrival in the United States, and the declara- tion of intention of such petitioner, which certificate and declaration shall be attached to and made a part of said petition. Third. He shall, before he is admitted to citizenship, de- clare on oath in open court that he will support the Constitu- tion of the United States, and that he absolutely and entirely yO HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN renounces and abjures all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state or sovereignty, and particularly by name to the prince, potentate, state or sovereignty of which he was before a citizen or subject; that he will support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic, and bear true faith and allegiance to the same. Fourth. It shall be made to appear to the satisfaction of the court admitting any alien to citizenship that immediately preceding the date of his application he has resided continu- ously within the United States five years at least, and within the state or territory where such court is at the time held one year at least, and that during that time he has behaved as a man of good moral character, attached to the principles of the Constitution of the United States, and well disposed to the good order and happiness of the same. In addition to the oath of the applicant, the testimony of at least two witnesses, citizens of the United States, as to the facts of residence, moral character and attachment to the principles of the Con- stitution shall be required, and the name, place of residence, and occupation of each witness shall be set forth in the record. Fifth. In case the alien applying to be admitted to citizen- ship has borne any hereditary title, or has been of any of the orders of nobility in the kingdom or state from which he came, he shall, in addition to the above requisites, make an express renunciation of his title or order of nobility in the court to which his application is made, and his renunciation shall be recorded in the court. Sixth. When any alien who has declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States dies before he is actually naturalized, the widow and minor children of such alien may, by complying with the other provisions of this act, be naturalized without making any declaration of in- tention. Sec. 5. That the clerk of the court shall, immediately after filing the petition, give notice thereof by posting in a HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN yi public and conspicuous place in his office, or in the building in which his office is situated, under an appropriate heading, the name, nativity and residence of the alien, the date and place of his arrival in the United States, and the date, as nearly as may be, for the final hearing of his petition, and the names of the witnesses whom the applicant expects to summon in his behalf; and the clerk shall, if the applicant requests it, issue a subpoena for the witnesses so named by the said applicant to appear upon the day set for the final hearing, but in case such witnesses cannot be produced upon the final hearing, other witnesses may be summoned. Sec. 6. That petitions for naturalization may be made and filed during term time or vacation of the court and shall be docketed the same day as filed, but final action thereon shall be had only on stated days, to be fixed by rule of the court, and in no case shall final action be had upon a petition until at least ninety days have elapsed after filing and posting the notice of such petition; Provided, That no person shall be naturalized nor shall any certificate of naturalization be issued by any court within thirty days preceding the holding of any general election within its territorial jurisdiction. It shall be lawful, at the time and as a part of the naturalization of any alien, for the court, in its discretion, upon the petition of such alien, to make a decree changing the name of said alien, and his certificate of naturalization shall be issued to him in accordance therewith. Sec. 7. That no person who disbelieves in or who is opposed to organized government, or who is a member of or affiliated with any organization entertaining and teaching such belief in or opposition to organized government, or who advo- cates or teaches the duty, necessity, or propriety of the unlaw- ful assaulting or killing of any officer or officers, either of specific individuals or of officers generally of the Government of the United States, or of any other organized government, because of his or their official character, or who is a polyg- 72 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN amist, shall be naturalized or be made a citizen of the United States. Sec. 8. That no alien shall hereafter be naturalized or admitted as a citizen of the United States who cannot speak the English language: Provided, That this requirement shall not apply to aliens who are physically unable to comply there- with, if they are otherwise qualified to become citizens of the United States: And provided further, That the requirements of this section shall not apply to any alien who has prior to the passage of this Act declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States in conformity with the law in force at the date of making such declaration: Provided further. That the requirements of Section 8 shall not apply to aliens who shall hereafter declare their intention to become citizens and who shall make homestead entries upon the public lands of the United States and comply in all respects with the laws providing for homestead entries on such lands. Sec. 9. That every final hearing upon such petition shall be had in open court before a judge or judges thereof, and every final order which may be made upon such petition shall be under the hand of the court and entered in full upon a record kept for that purpose, and upon such final hearing of such petition the applicant and witnesses shall be examined under oath before the court and in the presence of the court. Sec. 10. That in case the petitioner has not resided in the State, territory or district for a period of five years continu- ously and immediately preceding the filing of his petition he may establish by two witnesses, both in his petition and at the hearing, the time of his residence within the State, provided that it has been for more than one year, and the remaining portion of his five years' residence within the United States required by law to be established may be proved by the deposi- tions of two or more witnesses who are citizens of the United States, upon notice to the Bureau of Immigration and Natural- ization and the United States attorney for the district in which said witnesses may reside. HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 73 Sec. II. That the United States shall have the right to appear before any court or courts exercising jurisdiction in naturalization proceedings for the purpose of cross-examining the petitioner and the witnesses produced in support of his petition concerning any matter touching or in any way affect- ing his right to admission to citizenship, and shall have the right to call witnesses, produce evidence, and be heard in opposition to the granting of any petition in naturalization proceedings. Sec. 12. That it is hereby made the duty of the clerk of each and every court exercising jurisdiction in naturalization matters under the provisions of this Act to keep and file a duplicate of each declaration of intention made before him and to send to the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization at Washington, within thirty days after the issuance of a certificate of citizenship, a duplicate of such certificate, and to make and keep on file in his office a stub for each certificate so issued by him, whereon shall be entered a memorandum of all the essential facts set forth in such certificate. It shall also be the duty of the clerk of each of said courts to report to the said Bureau, within thirty days after the final hearing and decision of the court, the name of each and every alien who shall be denied naturalization, and to furnish to said Bureau duplicates of all petitions within thirty days after the filing of the same, and certified copies of such other proceedings and orders instituted in or issued out of said court aflfecting or relating to the naturalization of aliens as may be required from time to time by the said Bureau. In case any such clerk or officer acting under his direction shall refuse or neglect to comply with any of the foregoing provisions he shall forfeit and pay to the United States the sum of twenty-five dollars in each and every case in which such violation or omission occurs, and the amount of such forfeiture may be recovered by the United States in an action of debt against such clerk. Clerks of courts having and exercising jurisdiction in 74 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN naturalization matters shall be responsible for all blank certifi- cates of citizenship received by them from time to time from the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization, and shall account for the same to the said Bureau whenever required so to do by such Bureau. No certificate of citizenship received by any such clerk which may be defaced or injured in such manner as to prevent its use as herein provided shall in any case be destroyed, but such certificate shall be returned to the said Bureau ; and in case any such clerk shall fail to return or properly account for any certificate furnished by the said Bureau, as herein provided, he shall be liable to the United States in the sum of fifty dollars, to be recovered in an action of debt, for each and every certificate not properly accounted for or returned. Sec. 13. That the clerk of each and every court exercising jurisdiction in naturalization cases shall charge, collect, and account for the following fees in each proceeding : For receiving and filing a declaration of intention and issuing a duplicate thereof, one dollar. For making, filing, and docketing the petition of an alien for admission as a citizen of the United States and for the final hearing thereon, two dollars; and for entering the final order and the issuance of the certificate of citizenship there- under, if granted, two dollars. The clerk of any court collecting such fees is hereby author- ized to retain one-half of the fees collected by him in such naturalization proceeding; the remaining one-half of the natu- ralization fees in each case collected by such clerks, respectively, shall be accounted for in their quarterly accounts, which they are hereby required to render the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization, and paid over to such Bureau within thirty days from the close of each quarter in each and every fiscal year, and the moneys so received shall be paid over to the disbursing clerk of the Department of Commerce and Labor, who shall thereupon deposit them in the Treasury of the United States, rendering an account therefor quarterly to the HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 75 Auditor for the State and other Departments, and the said disbursing clerk shall be held responsible under his bond for said fees so received. In addition to the fees herein required, the petitioner shall, upon the filing of his petition to become a citizen of the United States, deposit with and pay to the clerk of the court a sum of money sufficient to cover the expenses of subpoenaing and paying the legal fees of any witnesses for whom he may request a subpoena, and upon the final discharge of such witnesses they shall receive, if they demand the same from the clerk, the customary and usual witness fees from the moneys which the petitioner shall have paid to such clerk for such purpose, and the residue, if any, shall be returned by the clerk to the peti- tioner : Provided, That the clerks of courts exercising jurisdic- tion in naturalization proceedings shall be permitted to retain one-half of the fees in any fiscal year up to the sum of three thousand dollars, and that all fees received by such clerks in naturalization proceedings in excess of such amount shall be accounted for and paid over to said Bureau as in case of other fees to which the United States may be entitled under the pro- visions of this Act. The clerks of the various courts exercising jurisdiction in naturalization proceedings shall pay all addi- tional clerical force that may be required in performing the duties imposed by this Act upon the clerks of courts from fees received by such clerks in naturalization proceedings. And in case the clerk of any court collects fees in excess of the sum of six thousand dollars in any one year, the Secretary of Commerce and Labor may allow to such clerk from the money which the United States shall receive additional compensation for the employment of additional clerical assistance, but for no other purpose, if in the opinion of the said Secretary the busi- ness of such clerk warrants such allowance. Sec. 14. That the declarations of intention and the peti- tions for naturalization shall be bound in chronological order in separate volumes, indexed, consecutively numbered, and made part of the records of the court. Each certificate of y6 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN naturalization issued shall bear upon its face, in a place pre- pared therefor, the volume number and page number of the petition whereon such certificate was issued, and the volume number and page number of the stub of such certificate. Sec. 15. That it shall be the duty of the United States district attorneys for the respective districts, upon affidavit showing good cause therefor, to institute proceedings in any court having jurisdiction to naturalize aliens in the judicial district in which the naturalized citizen may reside at the time of bringing the suit, for the purpose of setting aside and can- celling the certificate of citizenship on the ground of fraud or on the ground that such certificate of citizenship was illegally procured. In any such proceedings the party holding the cer- tificate of citizenship alleged to have been fraudulently or illegally procured shall have sixty days' personal notice in which to make answer to the petition of the United States; and if the holder of such certificate be absent from the United States or from the district in which he last had his residence, such notice shall be given by publication in the manner pro- vided for the service of summons by publication or upon absentees by the laws of the State or the place where such suit is brought. If any alien who shall have secured a certificate of citizen- ship under the provisions of this Act shall, within five years after the issuance of such certificate, return to the country of his nativity, or go to any other foreign country, and take per- manent residence therein, it shall be considered prima facie evidence of a lack of intention on the part of such alien to become a permanent citizen of the United States at the time of filing his application for citizenship, and, in the absence of countervailing evidence, it shall be sufficient in the proper pro- ceedings to authorize the cancellation of his certificate of citizenship as fraudulent, and the diplomatic and consular officers of the United States in foreign countries shall from time to time, through the Department of State, furnish the De- partment of Justice with the names of those within their respec- HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN *]*] tive jurisdictions who have such certificates of citizenship and who have taken permanent residence in the country of their nativity, or in any other foreign country, and such statements, duly certified, shall be admissible in evidence in all courts in proceedings to cancel certificates of citizenship. Whenever any certificate of citizenship shall be set aside or cancelled, as herein provided, the court in which such judg- ment or decree is rendered shall make an order canceling such certificate of citizenship and shall send a certified copy of such order to the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization; and in case such certificate was not originally issued by the court making such order it shall direct the clerk of the court to transmit a copy of such order and judgment to the court out of which such certificate of citizenship shall have been orig- inally issued. And it shall thereupon be the duty of the clerk of the court receiving such certified copy of the order and judgment of the court to enter the same of record and to can- cel such original certificate of citizenship upon the records and to notify the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization of such cancellation. The provisions of this section shall apply not only to cer- tificates of citizenship issued under the provisions of this Act, but to all certificates of citizenship which may have been issued heretofore by any court exercising jurisdiction in naturaliza- tion proceedings under prior laws. Sec. 1 6. That every person who falsely makes, forges, counterfeits, or causes or procures to be falsely made, forged, or counterfeited, or knowingly aids or assists in falsely mak- ing, forging, or counterfeiting any certificate of citizenship, with intent to use the same, or with the intent that the same may be used by some other person or persons, shall be guilty of a felony, and a person convicted of such offense shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than ten years, or by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Sec. 17. That every person who engraves or causes or j6 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN procures to be engraved, or assists in engraving, any plate in the likeness of any plate designed for the printing of a certifi- cate of citizenship, or who sells any such plate, or who brings into the United States from any foreign place any such plate, except under the direction of the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, or other proper officer, and any person who has in his control, custody, or possession any metallic plate engraved after the similitude of any plate from which any such certifi- cate has been printed, with intent to use such plate or suffer the same to be used in forging or counterfeiting any such certificate or any part thereof; and every person who prints, photographs, or in any other manner causes to be printed, photographed, made, or executed, any print or impression in the likeness of any such certificate, or any part thereof, or who sells any such certificate, or brings the same into the United States from any foreign place, except by direction of some proper officer of the United States, or who has in his posses- sion a distinctive paper which has been adopted by the proper officer of the United States for the printing of such certificate, with intent to unlawfully use the same, shall be punished by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars, or by imprison- ment at hard labor for not more than ten years, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Sec. 1 8. That it is hereby made a felony for any clerk or other person to issue or be a party to the issuance of a certifi- cate of citizenship contrary to the provisions of this Act, except upon a final order under the hand of a court having jurisdiction to make such order, and upon conviction thereof such clerk or other person shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than five years and a fine of not more than five thousand dollars, in the discretion of the court. Sec. 19. That every person who without lawful excuse is possessed of any blank certificate of citizenship provided by the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization, with intent unlawfully to use the same, shall be imprisoned at hard labor HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 79 not more than five years or be fined not more than one thou- sand dollars. Sec. 20. That any clerk or other officer of a court having power under this Act to naturalize aliens, who willfully neg- lects to render true accounts of moneys received by him for naturalization proceedings or who willfully neglects to pay over any balance of such moneys due to the United States within thirty days after said payment shall become due and demand therefor has been made and refused, shall be deemed guilty of embezzlement of the public moneys, and shall be punishable by imprisonment for not more than five years, or by a fine of not more than five thousand dollars, or both. Sec. 21. That it shall be unlawful for any clerk of any court or his authorized deputy or assistant exercising jurisdic- tion in naturalization proceedings, or to demand, charge, col- lect, or receive any other or additional fees or moneys in naturalization proceedings save the fees and moneys herein specified ; and a violation of any of the provisions of this sec- tion or any part thereof is hereby declared to be a misde- meanor and shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than two years, or by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars, or by both such fine and imprisonment. Sec. 22. That the clerk of any court exercising jurisdic- tion in naturalization proceedings, or any person acting under authority of this Act, who shall knowingly certify that a peti- tioner, affiant, or witness named in an affidavit, petition, or certificate of citizenship, or other paper or writing required to be executed under the provisions of this Act, personally appeared before him and was sworn thereto, or acknowledged the execution thereof or signed the same, when in fact such petitioner, affiant, or witness did not personally appear before him, or was not sworn thereto, or did not execute the same, or did not acknowledge the execution thereof shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars, or by imprison- ment not to exceed five years. Sec. 23. That any person who knowingly procures natu- 80 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN ralization in violation of the provisions of this Act shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars, or shall be impris- oned not more than five years, or both, and upon conviction the court in which such conviction is had shall thereupon ad- judge and declare the final order admitting such person to citizenship void. Jurisdiction is hereby conferred on the courts having jurisdiction of the trial of such offense to make such adjudication. Any person who knowingly aids, advises, or encourages any person not entitled thereto to apply for or to secure naturalization, or to file the preliminary papers declaring an intent to become a citizen of the United States, or who in any naturalization proceeding knowingly procures or gives false testimony as to any material fact, or who know- ingly makes an affidavit false as to any material fact required to be proved in such proceeding, shall be fined not more than five thousand dollars, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. Sec. 24. That no person shall be prosecuted, tried, or punished for any crime arising under the provisions of this Act unless the indictment is found or the information is filed within five years next after the commission of such crime. Sec. 25. That for the purpose of the prosecution of all crimes and offenses against the naturalization laws of the United States which may have been committed prior to the date when this Act shall go into effect, the existing naturaliza- tion laws shall remain in full force and effect. Sec. 26. That Sections twenty-one hundred and sixty-five, twenty-one hundred and sixty-seven, twenty-one hundred and sixty-eight, twenty-one hundred and seventy-three of the Re- vised Statutes of the United States of America, and Section thirty-nine of chapter one thousand and twelve of the Statutes at Large of the United States of America for the year nine- teen hundred and three, and all Acts or parts of Acts incon- sistent with or repugnant to the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed. HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 8l Sec. 2'j. That substantially the following forms shall be used in the proceedings to which they relate : Declaration of Intention. (Invalid for all purposes seven years after the date hereof.) , ss : I, , aged .... years, occupa- tion , do declare on oath (afifirm) that my per- sonal description is : Color , complexion , height , weight , color of hair , color of eyes , other visible distinctive marks ; I was born in on the day of , anno Domini ; I now reside at ; I emigrated to the United States of America from on the vessel ; my last foreign residence was It is my bona fide intention to renounce forever all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty and par- ticularly to , of which I am now a citizen (subject) ; I arrived at the (port) of , in the State (Territory or District) of on or about the day of anno Domini ; I am not an anarchist ; I am not a polyg- amist nor a believer in the practice of polygamy; and it is my intention in good faith to become a citizen of the United States of America and to permanently reside therein. So help me God. (Original signature of declarant) Subscribed and sworn to (affirmed) before me this day of , anno Domini (L. S.) Official character of attestator. Petition for Naturalization. Court of In the matter of the petition of to be admitted as a citizen of the United States of America, To the Court : "^ 82 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN The petition of respectfully shows : First. My full name is Second. My place of residence is No street, city of State (Territory or District) of Third. My occupation is Fourth. I was born on the day of at Fifth. I emigrated to the United States from , on or about the day of , anno Domini , and arrived at the port of , in the United States, on the vessel Sixth. I declared my intention to become a citizen of the United States on the day of at in the court of Seventh. I am .... married. My wife's name is She was born in and now resides at I have children, and the name , date, and place of birth and place of residence of each of said children is as follows : ; ; Eighth. I am not a disbeliever in or opposed to organized government or a member of or affiliated with any organiza- tion or body of persons teaching disbelief in organized govern- ment. I am not a polygamist nor a believer in the practice of polygamy. I am attached to the principles of the Constitution of the United States, and it is my intention to become a citizen of the United States and to renounce absolutely and forever all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty, and particularly to , of which at this time I am a citizen (or subject), and it is my intention to reside permanently in the United States. Ninth. I am able to speak the English language. Tenth. I have resided continuously in the United States of America for a term of five years at least immediately pre- ceding the date of this petition, to wit, since , anno Domini and in the State (Territory or District) of for one year at least next preceding the date of this petition, to wit, since day of anno Domini HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 83 Eleventh. I have not heretofore made petition for citizen- ship to any court. (I made petition for citizenship to the court of at , and the said petition was denied by the said court for the following reasons and causes, to wit, , and the cause of such denial has since been cured or removed. ) Attached hereto and made a part of this petition are my declaration of intention to become a citizen of the United States and the certificate from the Department of Commerce and Labor required by law. Wherefore your petitioner prays that he may be admitted a citizen of the United States of America. Dated (Signature of p^etitioner) , ss : , being duly sworn, deposes and says that he is the petitioner in the above-entitled proceeding; that he has read the foregoing petition and knows the contents thereof; that the same is true of his own knowledge, except as to matters therein stated to be alleged upon information and belief, and that as to those matters he believes it to be true. Subscribed and sworn to before me this day of , anno Domini (L. S.) Clerk of the Court. Affidavit of Witnesses. Court of In the matter of the petition of to be admitted a citizen of the United States of America. , ss : , occupation , residing at and , occupation , residing at , each being severally, duly, and respectively sworn, deposes and says that he is a citizen of the United States of America ; that he has personally known , the petitioner above men- 84 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN tioned, to be a resident of the United States for a period of at least five years continuously immediately preceding the date of filing his petition, and of the State (Territory or District) in which the above-entitled application is made for a period of years immediately preceding the date of filing his petition: and that he has personal knowledge that the said petitioner is a person of good moral character, attached to the principles of the Constitution of the United States, and that he is in every way qualified, in his opinion, to be admitted as a citizen of the United States. Subscribed and sworn to before me this day of . . . , nineteen hundred and [L. S.] (Official character of attestor). Certificate of Naturalization. Number . Petition, volume , page . .' . Stub, volume page (Signature of holder) Description of holder : Age, ; height, ; color, ; complexion, ; color of eyes, ; color of hair, ; visible distinguishing marks, Name, age, and place of residence of wife, , , Names, ages, and places of residence of minor children, , ss : Be it remembered, that at a term of the court of , held at on the day of , in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and , , who previous to his (her) naturalization was a citizen or sub- ject of , at present residing at number HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 85 Street, city (town) State (Territory or Dis- trict), having applied to be admitted a citizen of the United States of America pursuant to law, and the courts having found that the petitioner had resided continuously within the United States for at least five years and in this State for one year immediately preceding the date of the hearing of his (her) petition, and that said petitioner intends to reside permanently in the United States, had in all respects com- plied with the law in relation thereto, and that ..he was entitled to be so admitted, it was thereupon ordered by the said court that ..he be admitted as a citizen of the United States of America. In testimony whereof the seal of said court is hereunto affixed on the day of , in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and , and of our independence the [L. S.] (Official character of attestor.) Stub of Ceitificate of Naturalization No. of certificate, Name ; age, Declaration of intention, volume , page Petition, volume , page Name, age, and place of residence of wife, , , Names, ages, and places of residence of minor children, , , , Date of order, volume , page (Signature of holder) S6 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN Sec. 28. That the Secretary of Commerce and Labor shall have power to make such rules and regulations as may be necessary for properly carrying into execution the various provisions of this Act. Certified copies of all papers, docu- ments, certificates, and records required to be used, filed, re- corded, or kept under any and all of the provisions of this Act shall be admitted in evidence equally with the originals in any and all proceedings under this Act and in all cases in which the originals thereof might be admissible as evidence. Sec. 29. That for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of this Act there is hereby appropriated the sum of one hundred thousand dollars, out of any moneys in the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated, which appropriation shall be in full for the objects hereby expressed until June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and seven; and the provisions of section thirty-six hundred and seventy- nine of the Revised Statutes of the United States shall not be applicable in any way to this appropriation. Sec. 30. That all the applicable provisions of the natural- ization laws of the United States shall apply to and be held to authorize the admission to citizenship of all persons not citizens who owe permanent allegiance to the United States, and who may become residents of any State or organized Territory of the United States, with the following modi- fications: The applicant shall not be required to renounce allegiance to any foreign sovereignty; he shall make his declaration of intention to become a citizen of the United States at least two years prior to his admission ; and residence within the jurisdiction of the United States, owing such per- manent allegiance, shall be regarded as residence within the United States within the meaning of the five years' residence clause of the existing law. Sec. 31. That this Act shall take effect and be in force from and after ninety days from the date of its passage : Pro- HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN 87 \ided, That sections one, two, twenty-eight, and twenty-nine shall go into effect from and after the passage of this Act. Approved, June 29, 1906. Expatriation of Citizens and Their Protection Abroad. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of State shall be authorized, in his discretion, to issue passports to persons not citizens of the United States as follows : Where any person has made a declaration of inten- tion to become such a citizen as provided by law and has resided in the United States for three years, a passport may be issued to him entitling him to the protection of the Govern- ment in any foreign country: Provided, that such passport shall not be valid for more than six months and shall not be renewed, and that such passport shall not entitle the holder to the protection of this Government in the country of which he was a citizen prior to making such declaration of intention. Sec. 2. That any American citizen shall be deemed to have expatriated himself when he has been naturalized in any for- eign state in conformity with its laws, or when he has taken an oath of allegiance to any foreign state. When any naturalized citizen shall have resided for two years in the foreign state from which he came, or for five years in any other foreign state, it shall be presumed that he has ceased to be an American citizen, and the place of his general abode shall be deemed his place of residence during said years : Provided, however, that such presumption may be overcome on the presentation of satisfactory evidence to a diplomatic or consular officer of the United States, under such rules and regulations as the Department of State may prescribe : And provided also. That no American citizen shall be allowed to expatriate himself when this country is at war. Sec. 3. That any American woman who marries a for- eigner shall take the nationality of her husband. At the ter- mination of the marital relation she may resume her American 88 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN citizenship, if abroad, by registering as an American citizen within one year with a consul of the United States, or by returning to reside in the United States, or, if residing in the United States at the termination of the marital relation, by continuing to reside therein. Sec. 4. That any foreign woman who acquires American citizenship by marriage to an American shall be assumed to retain the same after the termination of the marital relation if she continue to reside in the United States, unless she makes formal renunciation thereof, before a court having jurisdic- tion to naturalize aliens, or if she resides abroad she may retain her citizenship by registering as such before a United States consul within one year after the termination of such marital relation. Sec. 5. That a child born without the United States of alien parents shall be deemed a citizen of the United States by virtue of the naturalization of or resumption of American citizenship by the parent; Provided, That such naturalization or resumption takes place during the minority of such child : And provided further, That the citizenship of such minor child shall begin at the time such minor child begins to reside permanently in the United States. Sec. 6. That all children born outside the limits of the United States who are citizens thereof in accordance with the provisions of Section nineteen hundred and ninety-three of the Revised Statutes of the United States, and who continue to reside outside the United States shall, in order to receive the protection of this government, be required upon reaching the age of eighteen years to record at an American consulate their intention to become residents and remain citizens of the United States, and shall be further required to take the oath of allegiance to the United States upon attaining their majority. Sec. 7. That duplicates of any evidence, registration, or other acts required by this Act shall be filed with the Depart- ment of State for record. Approved, March 2, 1907. HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN K9 TITLE V. PASSPORTS. Rules Governing the Granting and Issuing of Passports in the United States. 1. By Whom Issued and Refusal to Issue. No one but the Secretary of State may grant and issue passports in the United States (Revised Statutes, Sections 4075, 4078) and he is empowered to refuse them in his discretion. Passports are not issued by American diplomatic and con- sular officers abroad, except in cases of emergency; and a citizen who is abroad and desires to procure a passport must apply therefor through the nearest diplomatic or consular officer to the Secretary of State. Applications for passports by persons in Porto Rico or the Philippines should be made to the Chief Executives of those Islands. The evidence required of such applicants is the same as that required of applicants in the United States. 2. Fee. By Act of Congress approved March 23, 1888, a fee of one dollar is required to be collected for every citi- zen's passport. That amount in currency or postal money order should accompany each application made by a citizen of the United States. Orders should be made payable to the Disbursing Clerk of the Department of State. Drafts or checks will not be accepted. 3. Applications. A person who is entitled to receive a passport, if within the United States, must make a written application, in the form of an affidavit, to the Secretary of State. The application must be made by the person to whom the passport is to be issued and signed by him, as it is not competent for one person to apply for another. 90 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN The affidavit must be attested by an officer authorized to administer oaths, and if he has an official seal it must be affixed. If he has no seal, his official character must be authenticated by certificate of the proper legal officer. If the applicant signs by mark, two attesting witnesses to his signature are required. The applicant is required to state the date and place of his birth, his occupation, the place of his permanent residence, and within what length of time he will return to the United States with the purpose of residing and performing the duties of citizenship. The applicant must take the oath of allegiance to the Government of the United States. The application must be accompanied by a description of the person applying, and should state the following particu- lars, viz. : Age, ; stature, feet inches (English measure); forehead, ; eyes, ; nose, ; mouth, ; chin, ; hair, ; com- plexion, ; face, . The application must be accompanied by a certificate from at least one credible witness that the applicant is the person he represents himself to be, and that the facts stated in the affidavit are true to the best of the witness's knowledge and belief. 4. Native Citizens. An application containing the in- formation indicated by rule 3 will be sufficient evidence in the case of native citizens; but A person of the Chinese race, alleging birth in the United States, must obtain from the Commissioner of Immigration or Chinese Inspector in Charge at the port through which he proposes to leave the country a certificate upon his applica- tion, under the seal of such officer, showing that there has been granted to him by the latter a return certificate in accord- ance with rule 16 of the Chinese Regulations of the Depart- ment of Commerce and Labor. For this purpose special blank forms of application for passports are provided. Passports issued by the Department of State or its diplo- HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN QI matic or consular representatives are intended for identifica- tion and protection in foreign countries, and not to facilitate entry into the United States, immigration being under the supervision of the Department of Commerce and Labor. 5. A Person Born Abroad Whose Father Was a Native Citkcn of the United States. In addition to the statements required by rule 3, his application must show that his father was bom in the United States, resided therein, and was a citizen at the time of the applicant's birth. The Department may require that this affidavit be supported by that of one other citizen acauainted with the facts. 6. Naturalized Citizens. In addition to the statements required by rule 3, a naturalized citizen must transmit his certificate of naturalization, or a duly certified copy of the court record thereof, with his application. It will be returned to him after inspection. He must state in his affidavit when and from what port he emigrated to this country, what ship he sailed on, where he has lived since his arrival in the United States, when and before what court he was naturalized, and that he is the identical person described in the certificate of naturalization. The signature to the application should con- form in orthography to the applicant's name as written in his certificate of naturalization, or an explanation of the difference should be submitted. 7. Woman's Application. If she is unmarried, in addi- tion to the statements required by rule 3, she should state that she has never been married. If she is the wife or widow of a native citizen of the United States the fact should be made to appear in her application, which should be made according to the form prescribed for a native citizen whether she was born in this country or abroad. If she is the wife or widow of a naturalized citizen, in addition to the statements required by rule 3, she must transmit for inspection her husband's cer- tificate of naturalization or a certified copy of the court record thereof, must state that she is the wife (or widow) of the 92 HOW TO BECOME A CITIZEN person described therein, and must set forth the facts of his emigration, naturalization, and residence, as required in the rules governing the application of a naturalized citizen. (A married woman's citizenship follows that of her hus- band so far as her international status is concerned. It is essential, therefore, that a woman's marital relations be indi- cated in her application for a passport, and that in the case of a married woman her husband's citizenship be established.) 8. The Child of a Naturalized Citizen Claiming Citizen- ship Through the Naturalization of the Parent. In addition to the statements required by rule 3, the applicant must state that he or she is the son or daughter, as the case may be, of the person described in the certificate of naturalization, which must be submitted for inspection, and must set forth the facts of emigration, naturalization, and residence, as required in the rule governing the application of a naturalized citizen. 9. A Resident of An Insular Possession of the United States Who Owes Allegiance to the United States. In addi- tion to the statements required by rule 3, he must state that he owes allegiance to the United States and that he does not acknowledge allegiance to any other government; and must submit affidavits from at least two credible witnesses having good means of knowledge in substantiation of his statements of birth, residence and loyalty. 10. Expiration of Passport. A passport expires two years from the date of its issuance. A new one will be issued upon a new application, and, if the applicant be a naturalized citizen, the old passport will be accepted in lieu of a certificate of naturalization, if the application upon which it was issued is found to contain sufficient information as to the naturaliza- tion of the applicant. Passports are not renewed by the De- partment, but a person abroad holding a passport issued by the Department may have it renewed for a period of two years upon presenting it to a diplomatic or principal consular officer of the United States when it is about to expire. HOW TO BECOME .^, /i^ITlZEN f)3 11. Wife, Minor Children, and Servants. When the ap- plicant is accompanied by his wife, minor children, or servant who would be entitled to receive a passport, it will be sufficient to state the fact, giving the respective ages of the children and the allegiance of the servant, when one passport will suffice for all. For any other person in the party a separate passport will be required. A woman's passport may hiclude her minor chil- dren and servant under the above-named conditions. (The term servant does not include a governess, tutor, pupil, companion, or person holding like relations to the appli- cant for a passport.) 12. Titles. Professional and other titles will not be in- serted in passports. 13. Blank Forms of Application. They will be furnished by the Department to persons who desire to apply for pass- ix)rts, but are not furnished, except as samples, to those who make a business of procuring passports. 14. Address. Communications should be addressed to the Department of State, Bureau of Citizenship, and each com- munication should give the post-office address of the person to whom the answer is to be directed. Section 4075 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, as amended by the Act of Congress, approved June 14, 1902, provides that "the Secretary of State may grant and issue pass- ports, and cause passports to be granted, issued and verified in foreign countries by such diplomatic or consular officers of the United States, and by such chief or other executive officer of the insular possessions of the United States, and under such rules as the President shall designate and prescribe for and on behalf of the United States." The foregoing rules are accord- ingly prescribed for the granting and issuing of passports in the United States. The Secretary of State is authorized to make regulations on the subject of granting and issuing passports additional to these rules and not inconsistent with them. t ? ? We Announce the Publication of I I Kallmeyer s. Practical Legal I and Business Manual i by j CHARLES KALLMEYER, Ph. D. | This book is a necessity to everybody. It should have a prominent place in each business, office and family. Every one is engaged in some business transaction occasionally or called upon to answer some question affecting his domestic or family affairs. Business relations are becom- ing more and more complex, the requirements and demands which business exacts from its votaries are more strenuous than twenty or thirty years ago. Hence every business man should acquire at least some familiarity with the laws which govern his daily transactions and deter- mine his rights and remedies, aAd particularly the young man entering upon his business career should properly equip himself with a knowledge of business law. Here the author has compiled in a brief trea- tise, in language easily comprehensible, the laws on every-day business transactions, on promis- sory notes, checks, bills of sale, deeds, mortgages, leases, useful hints in drawing contracts, entering into partnership agreements, making wills, powers of attorney, practical suggestions, etc., etc. .^..,, , , >ii>i H i ti I H t ii>i>ii this bringing within the reach of everybody the possibiHty to acquire a useful and practical knowledge of business law at the cost of little time and making this book a real guide for busi- ness people. A brief summary of its contents is subjoined: CONTENTS Preface; Acknowledgments; Affidavits; Con- tracts and Agreements ; Bills, Promissory Notes and Checks ; Bill of Sale (Transfer of Personal Prop- erty) ; Chattel Mortgages; Deeds; Mortgages of Real Property; Lease (Landlord and Tenant); Dower; Domestic Relations Law (Husband and Wife, Infants, Adoption) ; Matrimonial Actions (Annulment of Marriage, Absolute Divorce and Separation) ; Partnership ; Corporations ; Power of Attorney; Receipts and Releases; Notary Public; Wills; Executors and Administrators; Poor Laws. APPENDIX Practical Suggestions On Buying a Business; Illustration on the Purchase of a Furnished Room House ; On Selling a Business ; On the Purchase of Real Estate and Lots; As to Security Furnished by Employees. Price, $L00. In English and German in One Volume. May be ordered directly from us or through your wholesale house. Charles Kallmeyer Publishing Company 205 BAST 45th STREET, NEW YORK Remittance must accompany all orders. ALL BOOKS SHIPPED FREE OF CHARGE. < i i Hierdurch erlauben wir uns, Ihre Aufmerksamkeit auf das von dem New Yorker Notar und Sprachlehrer Charles Kall- meyer verfasste Gesetzbuch Notar Kallmeyer^s Praktischer Ratgeber^^ zu lenken, dessen Inhalt Sic in kurzem Auszuge untenstehend verzeichnet linden. Dieses Buch entspricht einem dringenden Bediirfnisse, es sollte in keinem Bureau, in keinem Geschaftskontor, in keinem Haushalte fehlen, denn die darin festgelegten Rechtsgrundsatze sind solche, die auf das tagliche Leben Anwendung finden, all- taglich in alien moglichen Transaktionen in Frage kommen, und die Kenntnis derselben schiitzt vor Unannehmlichkeiten, vor Verlusten. Der Verfasser blickt auf eine 25jahrige Tatigkeit im offent- lichen Leben zuriick, als offentlicher Notar sowohl, wie als Lei- ter einer Sprachschule und eines umfangreichen Grundeigentums- Geschaftes ; er verf tigt demnach iiber einen reichen Schatz prak- tischer Erfahrung und griindlichen Wissens, einen Schatz, den er in seinem Buche jedermann zuganglich macht, und zwar in leicht fasslicher, allgemein verstandlicher Form. Der Preis des hochelegant gebundenen, iiberaus handlichen Buches Deutsch und Englisch in einem Bande betragt nur $i.oo. Die Zusendung erfolgt gegen Einsendung des Betrages ^ ' Mit vorzuglicher Hochachtung Charles Kallmeyer Publishing Company, 205 East 45th Street, New York. Inhalts-Uebersicht : Beglaubigungen. Beschworene Aussagen (eides- stattliche Erklarungen). Vertragliche Abkommen aller Art. Rechnungen, Wechsel, Checks. Kaufvertrage. Hypotheken auf Mobilien und Geschafte aller Art. Besitztitel. Hypotheken auf Grundstucke und Liegenschaften. Mietsvertrage (Vermieter und Mieter). Mitgift, Ausstattung, Einge- brachtes. Gesetzliche Bestimmungen im Verhaltnis der Familiennutglie- der zu einander (Mann, Frau, Kinder, Adoption, Volljahrig- keit, Heirat). 12. Scheidungen, absolute und zwi- schen Tisch und Bett. 13. Societatsvertrage und Beteili- gungen. 14. Gesellschaftsvertrage und Ge- sellschaftcn. 15. Vollmachten. 16. Quittungen und Loschungsbe- willigungen. 17. Oeffentlicher Notar. 18. Testamente. 19. Vermogensverwalter und Testa- mentsvollstrecker. 20. Armenrecht. Anhang: Praktische Winke fur den An- kauf eines Geschafts. Beispiele fiir den Ankauf eines moblierten Hauses und War- nung vor dabei vorkommenden Unregelmassigkeiten. 3. Ueber den Verkauf eines Ge- schafts. 4. Ueber den Ankauf von Grund und Boden und Baustellen. 5. Ueber Sicherheiten von Ange- stellten (Kautionen). Wie werde ich Burger Vereinlgten Staaten von Amerika? Herautgegeben von Charles Kallmeyer Publishing Company 205 Ost 45. Strasse NEW YORK INHALTS-VERZEICHNIS. Der Treueid 5 Vorwort 6 ABTEILUNG I. Erforderliche Eigenschaften, um BQrger der Ver. Staaten werden zu kdnnen. Kapitel I. Eine kurze Uebersicht der Bedingungen und erforderlichen Eigen- schaften, um Burger der Ver. Staaten werden zu konnen 7 Biirgerrecht Gegenstand des Rechts 7 Manner, unverheiratete Frauen und Witwen 7 Minderjahrige und Vorschriften beziiglich Kinder, die untcr oder ausserhalb der Gerichtsbarkeit der Ver. Staaten geboren wurden 8 Vorschriften in Bezug auf verheiratete Frauen g Wer kann Burger der Ver. Staaten werden 10 Freie Personen weisser Farbe und Auslander afrikanischer Ab- stammung 10 Chinesen 10 Auslandische Soldaten Ehrenvoll entlassene Auslander aus der Ver. Staaten Marine oder Marinecorps 10 Auslandische Seeleute bei der Ver. Staaten Handelsmarine 10 Einwohner der von den Ver. Staaten organisierten Territorien und ihre Bestimmungen 11 Die Naturalisation auslandischer Feinde verboten Il Namensanderung ll Kapitel II. An was fiir einen Gerichtshof soli man sich wenden 12 Bundesgericht 12 Staats-Gerichtshofe 12 Gesuche an Staats-Gerichtshofe '. 12 Gebiihren 13 Duplikate fur verlorene Papiere 13 Das Stimmrecht IJ Vorschriften beziiglich naturalisierter Burger, die ihren Wohnsitz im Auslande genommen haben 13 Vorschriften beziiglich Biirger, die nach ihrer Naturalisation ins Aus- land verzogen sind 14 4 Kapitel III. Strafen 14 Straf en fur Falschung von Biirgerscheinen 14 Strafen fiir ungesetzliches Gravicren einer Platte ahnlich einem Biir- gerscheine 15 Strafen fur ungesetzlich zuwege gebrachte Naturalisation 15 ABTEILUNG II. Das Verfahren, um das Biirgerrecht zu erhalten. Kapitel IV. Wie erlangt man das erste Papier" 16 K a p i t e 1 V. Wie erhalt man das zweite Papier", oder die endgiiltige Bescheini- gung der Naturalisation 17 Zeugen 18 Bescheinigung vom Einwanderungs-Commissar 18 Neunzig Tage miissen vergehen, bevor die endgiiltige Bescheinigung bewilligt wird ; 19 K a p i t e 1 VI. Wichtige Aufklarungen 19 ABTEILUNG III. Fragen und Antworten 21 Kapitel VII. Fragen fiir die Herausnahme des ersten Papieres" 2! Kapitel VIII. Fragen, die bei der Herausnahme des zweiten oder letzten Papieres" gestellt werden 22 Kapitel IX. Fragen an den Applikanten und Zeugen 24 Kapitel X. Fragen, die von den Gerichten beim letzten Verhor gestellt werden, und die Antworten dazu "^^ Ueber die Verfassung der Ver. Staaten 27 Ueber den Congress (gesetzgebende Abteilung der Regierung) 28 Ueber den Prasidenten u. s. w 30 Ueber das Obergericht der Ver, Staaten 3* Ueber Staats-Gesetze ZZ Der Treueid fur die Vereinigten Staaten. Ich erklare hiermit unter f eierlichem Eid vor einem offent- lichen Gerichtshof, dass ich die Verfassung der Ver. Staaten unterstiitzen will, dass ich fiir nun und immerdar alle Treue und Ergebenheit irgend einem auslandischen Fiirsten, Macht- haber, Staatswesen, oder einer Souveranitat, besonders (dem, dessen Untertan ich bin) entsage und abschwore; dass ich von nun an die Verfassung und Gesetze der Ver. Staaten gegen alle Feinde, sowohl innere als auch aussere, verteidigen will, denselben aufrichtigen Glauben und Ergebenheit entgegen- bringen werde: So wahr mir Gott helfe! VORWORT. Es ist eine geniigend bekannte Tatsache, dass viele Ein- wanderer es unterlassen, entweder aus einfacher Nach- lassigkeit, oder aus Furcht, dass sie vielleicht die bei der Naturalisation an sie gerichteten Fragen nicht werden be- antworten konnen, von ihrem Rechte, Biarger zu werden, Gebrauch zu machen. Denn nach den Gesetzen der Vereinigten Staaten kann ein jeder unbescholtene Aus- lander Burger der Vereinigten Staaten werden. Deshalb hat sich nun der Verfasser dieses Buches, welches zuerst in eng- lischer Sprache allein erschien, der grossen Miihe unterzogen, dasselbe auch in deutscher Sprache erscheinen zu lassen. Er hatte vor allem an seine eigenen Landsleute gedacht. Denn die haben den grossten Teil durch ihr vielf aches Verlangen und Bitten dazu beigetragen, dass dieses Buch in deutscher Sprache erscheint. Hierdurch glaubt nun der Verfasser den so langst gehegten Herzenswunsch sehr Vieler erfiillt zu haben. Denn so manch bescheidener deutscher Einwanderer hatte sich sehr gerne um das Biirgerrecht beworben, aber nichts stand ihm zur Verfiigung, was ihm einige Fingerzeige in dieser Bezie- hung hatte geben konnen. Hier ist nun das Buch, in einem klaren und verstandlichen Deutsch geschrieben, um einem jeden, der des Englischen nicht geniigend machtig ist, Gelegenheit zu geben, sich um das ame- rikanische Biirgerrecht bewerben zu konnen. Mogen sich nun alle Leser dieses Buches der Segnungen der Freiheit dieses so herrlichen Landes erfreuen. Dei* Veifas$etm Wie werde ich Biirger 7 Abteilung I. Die erforderlichen Eigenschaften, um Burger der Ver. Staaten von Amerika werden zu konnen. Kapitel I. Eine kurze Uebersicht iiber die Bedingungen und erforderlichen Eigenschaften, um das Biirgerrecht der Ver. Staaten erhalten zu konnen. Wenn hier der Aiisdriick erstes Papier" angewandt wird, so ist damit gemeint, dass jemand die Absicht kundgab", Biirger der Ver. Staaten werden zu wollen. Wenn hier die Rede vom zweiten Papier" ist, so ist es gleichbedeutend mit dem Ausdruck ,,eine endgiiltige Bescheinigung des Biirger- rechtes". Biirgerrecht Gegenstand des Rechts. Nach den Gesetzen der Ver. Staaten geniesst ein Aus- lander das voile Recht, zum Biirgerrecht zugelasen zu werden, vorausgesetzt, dass er die erforderlichen Eigenschaften besitzt, die gestellten Bedingungen erfiillt, und das vom Gesetz vor- geschriebene Verfahren genau befolgt. Bedingungen und Eigenschaften der Manner, unverheirateter Frauen Oder Witwen. Der Applikant muss mindestens fiinf Jahre ununterbrochen bis unmittelbar vor seiner Applikation in den Vereinigten Staaten, und davon wenigstens ein Jahr in jenem Staate oder Territorium, in welchem er fiir sein Biirgerrecht nachsucht, gewohnt haben. Dass er wahrend der Zeit einen ordentlichen Lebenswandel gefiihrt und sich als ein Mann von gutem Charakter bewahrt hatte. Dass er den Prinzipien der Ver. Staaten- Verfassung er- geben ist. Dass er zur Zeit seiner Applikation fiir das zweite Papier" die englische Sprache beherrscht, wenn er nicht durch Krankheit daran gehindert ist. Ausnahmen bilden : Erstens, Personen, die um ein Heimats- 8 Wie werde ich Burger recht nachsuchen und die damit verbundenen Bedingungen und Vorschriften vollfullen; von ihnen wird Kenntnis der eng- lischen Sprache nicht verlangt. Zweitens, Personen, die ihr erstes Papier" vor dem 28. September 1906 herausgenommen batten. Dass der Applikant kein Anarchist ist, oder anarchisti- schen Grundsatzen huldigt. Oder irgend einem Orden angehore, der Widerstand gegen ein geordnetes Regierungssystem lehrt, oder einer Organisa- tion, die zu ungesetzHchen Pflichten auffordert oder lehrt, einen Regierungsbeamten anzugreifen oder zu toten, weil er ein Beamter ist. Er darf keine Vielweiberei treiben. Er muss auf jeden erblichen Titel oder Adelsprivileg ver- zichten. Er muss sich jeder Treue und Ergebenheit zu irgend einem auslandischen Fiirsten, Machthaber, Stadt oder Staat, dessen Untertan oder Burger er zur Zeit ist, als er um das Biirger- recht nachsucht, vollstandig entsagen. Er muss mindestens zwei Jahre, aber nicht langer als sieben, im Besitze des ersten Papieres" sein, bevor er um sein zweites Papier" nachsucht. Hat er aber langer als sieben Jahre mit der Herausnahme des zweiten Papieres" gewartet, so wird sein erstes Papier" fiir null und nichtig erklart. Ausnahme: Eine Person, die ihr ,,erstes Papier" vor dem 28. September 1906 erhalten, ist zum zweiten Papier" berech- tigt, trotzdem dieselbe mehr als sieben Jahre im Besitze des ersten Papieres" und auch der englischen Sprache nicht machtig ist. Bedingungen fur Minderjahrige. Bestimmungen fur Kinder, die unter oder ausserhalb der Gerichtsbarkeit der Ver. Staaten geboren sind. Minder jahrig sind Personen, die nicht 21 Jahre alt sind. Vorher konnte eine minderjahrige Person, sobald sie 21 Jahre alt wurde, ohne das erste Papier" vorher erlangt zu Wie werde ich Burger 9 haben, natiiralisiert werden. Dieses Gesetz ist nun ausser Kraft. Ein minderjahriger Auslander kann sein erstes Papier" erhalten, sobald er 18 Jahre alt ist. Um aber Burger zu werden, muss er erstens: Mindestens zwei Jahre im Besitze des ersten Papieres" sein; zweitens: 21 Jahre alt sein; und drittens: fiinf Jahre ununterbrochen in den Ver. Staaten gewohnt haben. Kinder, die beim Tode ihres Vaters nicht 21 Jahre alt waren, er aber im Besitze des ersten Papieres", ohne vorher sein endgiiltiges Biirgerrecht erlangt zu haben, verstorben ist, konnen auf Grund dessen, sobald sie das 21. Lebensjahr erreicht haben, naturalisiert werden. Im Falle, dass ein Ehemann, der im Besitze des ersten Pa- pieres" war, ohne voiles Biirgerrecht zu haben, verstorben ist, kann die Ehefrau, so lange sie unverheiratet bleibt, auf Grund ihres verstorbenen Gatten erstes Papier" das zweite Papier" erlangen, und alle Kinder, die zur Zeit der Naturalisation der Mutter nicht 21 Jahre alt sind, mit ihr das Biirgerrecht er- halten. Kinder von Immigranten, die in den Ver. Staaten geboren werden und daselbst wohnen, werden Kraft ihrer Geburt in den Ver. Staaten vom Gesetz als vollberechtigte Biirger aner- kannt. Kinder von Immigranten, die ausserhalb der Ver. Staaten geboren sind, werden Biirger durch die Naturalisation ihres Vaters, vorausgesetzt, dass sie zu dieser Zeit noch nicht 21 Jahre alt sind. Solche Kinder sind aber keine vollen Biirger, bevor sie sich ganzlich in den Ver. Staaten niedergelassen haben. Kinder von Biirgern, die ausserhalb der Grenzen und Ge- richtsbarkeit der Ver. Staaten geboren sind, werden als Biirger betrachtet. Vorschriften beziiglich vcrhciratctcr Frauen. Eine verheiratete Frau erhalt das Biirgerrecht durch die Naturalisation ihres Mannes, wenn sie auch nicht voile fiinf 10 Wie werde ich Burger Jahre in den Ver. Staaten gewohnt hat, und auch noch zur Zeit der Naturalisation ihres Ehemannes immer im Auslande wohnt. Madchen und Witwen, einerlei, ob sie unter oder iiber 21 Jahre alt sind, erhalten ohne weiteres das Biirgerrecht durch eine Heirat mit einem Burger der Ver. Staaten. Wer kann Burger der Ver. Staaten werden. Freie Personen weisser Farbe und Auslander afrikanischer Abstammung. Ein jeder freier Auslander weisser Hautfarbe und ein Aus- lander afrikanischer Abstammung oder in Afrika geboren, kann Biirger werden. Chinesen. Das Naturalisieren der Chinesen verbietet das Gesetz der Ver. Staaten von Amerika. Auslandische Soldaten. Ein Auslander, der in das Heer der Ver. Staaten einge- treten ist und einen sittlichen Lebenswandel fuhrt, wird beim Alter von 21 Jahren, nachdem er sich ein Jahr in den Ver. Staaten aufhielt, ohne vorher das erste Papier" heraus- genommen zu haben, zum Burgerrecht zugelassen. Ehrenvoll entlassene Auslander aus der Ver. Staaten Marine oder Marinecorps. Ein jeder Auslander vom 21. Lebensjahre und weiter, der funf Jahre ununterbrochen bei der Ver. Staaten Marine gedient hat oder dienen will, oder an einer Anwerbung bei dem Ver. Staaten Marinecorps teilgenommen hat und dann ehrenvoll entlassen wird, kann Burger der Ver. Staaten werden, ohne vorher das erste Papier" erlangt zu haben. Auslandische Seeleute bei der Ver. Staaten Handelsmarine. Ein auslandischer Seemann kann nach dreijahriger Dienst- zeit auf einem amerikanischen Handelsschiff Burger werden. Ein jeder auslandische Seemann, der sein erstes Papier" Wie werde ich BUrger II erlangt unci voile drei Jahre vom Datum des ,,ersten Papiers" an Bord eines der Ver. Staaten Handelsschiflfe dienen wird, kann auf sein Ansuchen das amerikanische Burger recht cr- halten, wenn er folgende Papiere beibringen kann: 1. Eine Bescheinigung seiner Entlassung und ein Fiih- rungszeugnis von seiner Dienstzeit. 2. Sein erstes Papier". Ein soldier Seemann geniesst den vollen Schutz eines amerikanischen Burgers gleich nach der Herausnahme des ersten Papieres". Einwohner der von den Ver. Staaten organisierten Territorien und ihre Bestimmungen. Alle Verordnungen beziiglich der Naturalisations-Gesetze der Ver. Staaten sollen so gehandhabt werden, dass sie alien Nichtburgern, die den Ver. Staaten ganz ergeben und Be- wohner eines Staates oder eines von den Ver. Staaten organi- sierten Territoriums sind, die Zulassung zum Burgerrecht er- moglichen und zwar unter folgenden Bestimmungen: Der Applikant soil nicht aufgefordert werden, sich der Treue zu einer auslandischen Regierung zu entsagen. Er soil eine Erklarung, dass er Burger werden will, zwei Jahre vor seiner Zulassung abgeben. Er soil ferner unter der Gerichtsbarkeit der Ver. Staaten wohnen, wobei die Niederlassung in solcher Gerichtsbarkeit der Ver. Staaten ihm gleich einer Niederlassung innerhalb der Ver. Staaten angerechnet wird. Die Naturalisierung auslandischer Feinde ist verboten. Auslander, die Burger oder Untertanen eines Landes sind, mit welchem die Ver. Staaten Krieg fiihren, konnen wahrend der Dauer des Krieges nicht Burger werden. Diese Bestim- mung ist jedoch gesetzlichen Ausnahmen unterworfen. Namensanderung. Es ist dem Gerichtshof gestattet, zur Zeit und als Teil der Naturalisation eines Auslanders, auf sein Ansuchen eine Ent- 12 Wie werde ich Burger scheidung iiber die Namensanderung, die der betreffende Appli- kant vornehmen will, abzugeben. Die Naturalisations-Urkunde muss dann demgemass aus- gestellt werden. K a p i t e 1 II. An was fiir einen Gerichtshof soil man sich wenden. Der Applikant kann sich um die Zulassung zum Biirger- recht entweder an das Bundesgericht oder an ein Staatsgericht wenden. Bundesgericht. Bundesgerichte sind ein jedes Kreis- oder Bezirks-Gericht der Ver. Staaten, in welchem Bezirk der Applikant sesshaft ist. Das Bundesgericht vom Staate New York zerteilt sich auf vier besondere Bezirke, wie auf einen nord-, siid-, ost- und westlichen. Der Sitz des Ver. Staaten Bezirksgerichtes fiir den siid- lichen Bezirk von New York befindet sich im Hauptpost- gebaude der Stadt New York. Der Sitz des Ver. Staaten Bezirks- oder Kreisgerichts fiir den ostlichen Bezirk befindet sich im Hauptpostgebaude von Brooklyn, Stadt New York. Staats-Gerichtshofe. Gesuchs an Staats-Gerichtshofe. Staatsgerichte, an die Gesuche fiir das Biirgerrecht ge- richtet werden konnen, sind alle Gerichtshof e, in welchen ein Siegel und ein Gerichtsschreiber vorhanden sind, und ferner die, welche Gerichtsbarkeit in gesetzlichen Handlungen oder Billigkeitsverfahren haben, und in welchen die Summe, um die der Prozess gefiihrt wird, unbegrenzt ist. Das Gesuch an das Staatsgericht muss in dem Bezirk gemacht werden, in welchem der betreffende Applikant wohnt. Stadt-, Polizei- und Kriminal-Gerichte haben keine Befugnis, Biirgerpapiere auszustellen. Wie werde ich BUrger 13 Die GebOhren. Das erste Papier" kostet einen Dollar. Das zweite Papier", oder die endgiiltige Bescheinigung des Biirgerrechts, kostet vier Dollar. Die Gebiihren sind in den ganzen Ver. Staaten dieselben. Duplikate fttr verlorene Papiere. Ein jeder, der das erste" oder zweite Papier" verloren hat, kann ein Duplikat erhalten, wenn er eidlich den Verlust des betreffenden Papieres bekraftigt. Die beschworene Aussage muss vor dem Gerichtsschreiber desjenigen Gerichtshofes gemacht werden, an welchen das Gesuch um ein Duplikat gerichtet worden ist. Diese Besta- tigung wird dann an das betreffende Departement nach Wash- ington mit dem Ersuchen eingesandt, dass dem Gericht die Erlaubnis erteilt wird, dem Applikanten ein Duplikat ausstellen zu diirfen. Das Stimmrecht. In einigen Staaten der Union erhalt ein Auslander, der sein erstes Papier" erhalten hat, das Stimmrecht gleich einem naturalisierten oder eingeborenen Burger. In den meisten Staaten aber erhalt man das Stimmrecht erst nach der Bewil- ligung des ,,zweiten Papieres". Der Grund des Unterschiedes im Recht zum Stimmen in den betreffenden Staaten erklart sich dadurch, dass das Recht zum Stimmen von den einzelnen Staaten erteilt wird, wahrend die Naturalisation ein Recht ist, das von den Ver. Staaten Gesetzen geschaffen wurde (und nicht von irgend einem einzelnen Staate). Vorschriften beziiglich naturalisiertcr Biirger, die ihren Wohnsitz im Auslande gcnommen haben. Wenn irgend ein naturalisiertcr Burger innerhalb der fiinf Jahre, in denen er das Biirgerrecht erhalten hat, in sein Heimatsland oder in irgend ein fremdes Land zuriickkehrt und sich dort dauernd niederlasst, so wird das beim ersten Blick als ein Beweis dafiir betrachtet, dass ein solch naturali- 14 Wie werde ich Burger sierter Auslander nicht die Absicht habe, amerikanischer Burger zu sein, und sein Biirgerbrief kann fiir null und nichtig erklart werden. Es ist zur Aufgabe der Ver. Staaten Konsuln im Auslande gemacht worden, dass sie von Zeit zu Zeit dem Justiz-Ministe- rium die Namen solcher Personen mitteilen sollen, welche Biirgerscheine von den Ver. Staaten haben und sich im Aus- lande dauernd niederlassen wollen. Vorschriften beziiglich Burger, die sich nach ihrer Naturalisation im Auslande niederlassen. Sollte irgend ein naturalisierter amerikanischer Biirger zwei Jahre in dem Lande, aus welchem er eingewandert ist, oder in einem fremden Lande fiinf Jahre wohnen, so wird voraus- gesetzt, dass er aufgehort hat, amerikanischer Burger zu sein. Sein Hauptaufenthaltsort wird dann als seine Wohnstatte fiir die Zeit betrachtet. Es ist aber dennoch eine Moglichkeit vor- handen, dass solch eine Vermutung durch eine bestimmte Ver- ordnung des Staats-Ministeriums widerlegt wird, wenn man einem Diplomaten oder Konsular-Beamten geniigende Beweise dafur liefern kann. Kapitel III. Strafen. Strafen fiir Falschung von Biirgerscheinen u. s. w. Eine jede Person, die falscht oder nachmacht, oder ver- ursacht, dass gefalscht oder nachgemacht wird, wissentlich mithilft oder unterstiitzt das Falschen oder Nachmachen eines Biirgerscheines, in der Absicht, denselben zu gebrauchen, oder, dass eine andere oder mehrere Personen denselben gebrauchen sollen, macht sich eines Verbrechens schuldig. Eine Person, die solch eines Verbrechens iiberfuhrt wird, kann mit einer Gefangnisstrafe von nicht mehr als zehn Jahren, oder mit einer Geldstrafe von nicht mehr als zehntausend Dollar, oder mit beiden. Geld und Gefangnis, bestraft werden. Wie werde ich BUrger 15 Strafen fiir ungesetxliches Gravieren einer Platte, fthnlich einem Biirgerscheine. Eine jede Person, die graviert, oder verursacht, dass gra- viert wird, oder das Gravieren einer Platte ahnlich einem Burgerscheine unterstiitzt, solche Platten verkauft, oder sie von irgend einem Orte im Auslande importiert, ausgenommen, dass es mit der Erlaubnis des Handels- und Arbeits-Ministe- riums oder eines Beamten geschieht, kann mit einer Gefangnis- strafe von nicht iiber lo Jahren, oder mit einer Geldstrafe von nicht mehr als 10,000 Dollar, oder mit beiden, Gefangnis und Geld, bestraft werden. Eine jede Person, die im Besitze einer Platte ist, die ahn- lich graviert ist einer Platte mit welcher bereits Burgerscheine gedruckt worden sind, und die Absicht hat, diese Platte zum Falschen von Biirgerscheinen zu gebrauch^n, oder gestattet, dass die Platte zu solchen Zwecken, und wenn auch nur ein Teil gebraucht wird, kann wie oben gesagt bestraft werden. Eine jede Person, welche druckt oder photographiert oder verursacht das Drucken oder Photograph ieren einer Druck- form ahnlich einem Burgerschein, wird wie vorher genannt bestraft. Eine Person, die solche Bescheinigungen verkauft, oder sie von irgend einem Orte im Auslande in die Ver. Staaten einfiihrt, ausgenommen, dass es unter Aufsicht eines Beamten der Ver. Staaten geschieht, oder eine Person, welche im Be- sitze eines Papieres ist, welches von einem Beamten der Ver. Staaten zum Drucken solcher Bescheinigungen ausersehen worden ist, und die Person die Absicht hat, das Papier zu ungesetzlichen Zwecken zu gebrauchen, kann mit einer Ge- fangnisstrafe von nicht iiber zehn Jahren, oder mit einer Geld- strafe von nicht mehr als 10,000 Dollar, oder mit beiden, Geld und Gefangnis, bestraft werden. Strafen fiir ungesetzlich zuwege gebrachte Naturalisation u. s. w. Eine Person, welche wissend eine falsche Naturalisation zu- wege bringt und die Verfiigungen bei dieser Handlung verletzt. kann mit einer Geldstrafe von nicht uber 5,000 Dollar, oder i6 Wie werde ich Burger einer Gefangnisstrafe von nicht uber fiinf Jahren, oder mit beiden, Geld und Gefangnis, bestraft werden. Es ist dem Gerichtshof anheimgestellt, in welchem ein solches Vergehen untersucht wird, die betreffende Person vom weiteren Erwerb des Biirgerrechtes ausschliessen zu kdnnen. Gerichtsbarkeit in solchen Fallen ist den Gerichtshofen ver- liehen, welche das Recht haben, bei Untersuchung eines solchen Vergehens genanntes Urteil zu fallen. Eine jede Person, welche mithilft, Rat erteilt, oder ermutigt cine andere Person, die dazu nicht berechtigt ist, dass dieselbe die Vorbereitungs-Papiere fiir die Naturalisation hinterlegt, mit der Absicht, Biirger der Ver. Staaten werden zu wollen ; Oder eine Person welche bei einer Naturalisation ein fal- sches Zeugnis bei einer wichtigen Angelegenheit ablegt, oder eine beschworene Aussage macht, die bei solch einem Ver- fahren unbedingt nachgepriift wird und sich dann als falsch erweist, kann mit einer Geldstrafe von nicht mehr als 5,000 Dollar, oder einer Gefangnisstrafe von nicht iiber fiinf Jahren, oder mit beiden. Geld und Gefangnis, bestraft werden. Abteilung II. Kapitel IV. Das Verfahren bei der Nachsuchung um das Burgerrecht. Wie erlangt man das erste Papier"? Das sogenannte erste Papier" ist eine Erklarung von Seiten des Applikanten, dass er aus gutem Glauben Biirger der Ver. Staaten zu werden, und sich jeder Treue dem Lande, dessen Untertan oder Biirger er war, zu entsagen beabsich- tige. Der Applikant muss mindestens 18 Jahre alt sein. Er soil fiir das erste Papier" entweder bei einem der Ver. Staaten Kreis- oder Bezirksgerichte im selben Bezirke, in welchem er wohnt, oder bei einem Staats-Gericht, das gesetz- liche Autorisation hat, Biirgerscheine auszustellen, nachsuchen. Er hat folgende Angaben zu machen: Namen, Alter, Ge- Wic wcrde ich BUrger 17 burtsort, Beruf, Kaufmann oder Handwerker, seinen vor- herigen Aufenthaltsort im Auslande, das Datum seiner An- kunft, den Namen des SchiflFes, auf welchem er gekommen ist, und den Namen des Hafens, in dem er gelandet ist. Ferner eine genaue Beschreibung seiner Person, wie Grosse, tlie Farbe vom Haar, der Augen, Gewicht und andere sichtbaren Merkmale. Dass er kein Anarchist ist; dass er keine Vielweiberei be- treibt; dass er aus gutem Glauben jeder Treue dem Staate, dessen Burger oder Untertan er ist, sich zu entsagen beabsich- tige. Dass er aus Treue Burger der Ver. Staaten von Amerika werden und sich daselbst dauernd niederlassen will. Alle vorherigen Angaben mussen in seine Absichts-Erkla- rung einverleibt, mit des Applikanten Unterschrift versehen und auch beschworen werden. Gedruckte Formulare, die vom Applikanten ausgefiillt und unterzeichnet werden, sind vorgesehen. (Vergl. Seite 81 des englischen Textes.) Das erste Papier" wird im Verlaufe von sieben Jahren ungultig, ausgenommen, dass der Applikant in den sieben Jahren vom Datum des ersten Papieres" um das zweite Pa- pier" nachsucht. Zeugen sind zur Herausnahme des ersten Papieres" nicht notig. Kapitel V. Wie erhalt man das zwcite Papier", oder die endgiiltige Beschei- nigung der Naturalisation? Bevor zwei voile Jahre vom Datum des ersten Papieres" vergangen sind, kann um das zweite Papier" nicht nachge- sucht werden. Das Gesuch fiir das zweite Papier" muss aber innerhalb der sieben Jahre vom Datum des ersten Papieres" gemacht werden, denn sonst wird das erste Papier" ungultig. Der Applikant muss 21 Jahre alt sein. Er muss fiinf Jahre ununterbrochen in den Ver. Staaten, und davon mindestens ein Jahr in dem Staate, in welchem er um das Burgerrecht nachsucht, gewohnt haben. l8 Wie werde ich Burger Er soil sein Gesuch an einen der oben erwahnten Gerichts- hofe richten. Auch hier, wie bei der Heraiisnahme des ersten Papie- res", muss er ein geschriebenes Gesuch unterzeichnen und folgende Angaben machen: Seinen Vor- und Zunamen, den Ort seines Aufenthaltes, wie Strasse und Hausnummer, Beruf, Geburtstag, wann er in die Ver. Staaten eingewandert ist, den Namen des Schiffes, den Tag seiner Ankunft, den Hafen, in dem er gelandet ist, ob verheiratet oder ledig, den Namen und Geburtstag der Frau, ihre Wohnung, die Zahl der Kinder, deren Namen, Geburtstag und Ort, wo sich ein jedes von den Kindern aufhalt; dass er kein Anarchist ist, keine Vielweiberei treibt; dass es seine Absicht ist. Burger der Ver. Staaten zu werden; dass er sich der Treue zu einem jeden fremden Machthaber entsagt; dass er englisch sprechen kann, und dass er voile fiinf Jahre in den Ver. Staaten gewohnt hat. Das Gesuch muss vom Applikanten unterzeichnet und be- schworen werden. Die gedruckten Formulare hierfiir sind beim betreffenden Gehulfen des Gerichtshofes zu haben und sind inhaltlich der auf Seite 82 83 des Buches angegebenen Form ahnlich. Zeugen. Nachdem das Gesuch vom Applikanten unterzeichnet wurde, folgt die Aussage der Zeugen. Die Zeugen miissen Biirger der Ver. Staaten sein (auch eine Frau kann Zeuge sein). Sie, die Zeugen, miissen angeben: ihren Beruf, Wohnort, dass sie den Applikanten mindestens seit fiinf Jahren als Ein- wohner der Ver. Staaten kennen, dass der Applikant eine Per- son sittlichen Charakters ist, dass er den Prinzipien der Ver. Staaten- Ver fassung ergeben, und dass er, der Zeugen Ansicht nach, wiirdig ist. Burger der Ver. Staaten zu werden. Bescheinigung vom Einwanderungs-Commissar. Wenn der Applikant nach dem 29. Juni 1906 in den Ver. Staaten gelandet ist, so hat er um eine Bescheinigung iiber Wic werdc ich BUrger 19 das Datum seiner Ankiinft von dem Ver. Staaten Kommissar des Hafens, in vvelchem er gelandet ist, nachzusuchen. (Eine Form der Erkliirung, die die Zeugen unterzeichnen und beschworen miissen, befindet sich auf Seite 83 84 des Buches. ) Des Applikanten Gesuch, die beschworene Erklarung der Zeugen und die Bescheinigung vom Kommissar (wenn solche vorhanden) mussen beim Gerichtshof hinterlegt werden. Neunzig Tage mussen vergehen, bcvor die endgiiltige Bescheinigung der Naturalisation bewilligt wird. Nachdem das Gesuch eingereicht wurde, werden die Namen des Applikanten und Zeugen vom Gerichtsschreiber an einem offentlichen Platze des Gerichtshofes angeschlagen. Die end- giiltige Bescheinigung der Naturalisation wird nicht erteilt, bevor wenigstens 90 Tage vom Datum, an welchem das Gesuch eingereicht wurde, verlaufen sind. Dem Applikanten wird es gewohnlich angezeigt, an wel- chem Tage er fiir das letzte Verhor vor dem Gericht zu erscheinen hat. Biirgerrechte werden vor einem offentlichen Gerichte erteilt. Der Applikant hat an dem festgesetzten Tage mit seinen Zeugen zu erscheinen und wird dann vom Richter im offentlichen Gericht beziiglich seiner Wiirdigkeit gepriift, und auch seine Zeugen werden gepriift. Wird nun der Appfikant fiir ^Vurdig befunden, so wird ihm das Biirgerrecht erteilt Im Verlaufe der 90 Tage oder mehr, das heisst in der Zwischenzeit, wann das Gesuch eingereicht wurde und bis zuni letzten Verhor, macht der Gerichtsgehiilfe bei den verschie- denen Abteilungen, Einwanderungs- und Naturalisations- Bureaus und bei alien ihm verfiigbaren Auskunftsquellen An- fragent ob die vom Applikanten und dessen Zeugen gemachten Aussagen auf Wahrheit beruhen. Wichtige Aufklarungen. Man muss zwei Zeugen haben naturalisierte oder einge- borene Biirger. 20 Wie werde ich Burger Wenn die Zeugen naturalisierte Burger sind, so haben sie ihre Biirgerpapiere mit sich ins Gericht zu bringen. Man muss die Zeugen personlich kennen und mit ihnen mindestens fiinf Jahre in Beziehung gewesen sein. Sie, die Zeugen, werden aufgefordert, zu erklaren, wie und wann sie den Betreffenden kennen gelernt haben, wie oft sie ihn im Laufe der fiinf Jahre oder der Zeit, seit der sie ihn kennen, gesehen haben. Man nehme solche Zeugen, die man wenigstens ein- oder zweimal monathch in den fiinf Jahren gesehen hat. Die Zeugen miissen einen wenigstens fiinf Jahre bis unmittelbar vor der Zeit wann das Gesuch eingereicht wurde, kennen. Wenn die Zeugen nicht freiwilhg ins Gericht kommen wollen, so kann man sie gerichtHch vorladen lassen. Wenn man einen Teil der fiinf Jahre in einem anderen Staate verlebt hatte und keine Zeugen in der Stadt oder Staat, wo um das Burgerrecht nachgesucht wird, haben kann, so konnen die Zeu- gen, die man im Staate des friiheren Aufenthaltes kennt, ihre Aussagen vor einem Bezirksanwalt machen und dann weiter befordern, und vom AppHkanten an seinem gegenwartigen Aufenthaltsort gebraucht werden. Man sei sehr vorsichtig, dass alle Fragen genau beantwortet werden: besonders die richtigen Namen der Frau und Kin- der, genau den Tag ihrer Geburt ; denn wird hierbei ein Irrtum gemacht, wie zum Beispiel beim Alter eines Kindes, so kann das Kind nicht auf Grund der NaturaHsation des Vaters An- spruch auf das Burgerrecht erheben. Man vermeide daher Irrtiimer beim Antworten, und achte sehr darauf, dass die Antworten dieselben sind beim Gesuche fiir das erste" als auch fiir das zweite Papier". Man mache keine falschen Angaben, sei es mit oder ohne Absicht. Eine jede falsche Angabe, die, vom AppHkanten oder seinen Zeugen gemacht, in den folgenden fiinf Jahren ent- deckt wird, wiirde geniigenden Grund liefern, um den Biirger- schein fur nichtig erklaren zu konnen. Folgende Fragen sollten vom AppHkanten sorgf altig durch- Wie werdc ich Burger 21 gelesen werden, und wenn er sie gut beherrscht, so wird er wiirdig sein, Burger zu werden. Der Applikant soil die Verfassung und Unabhangigkeits-Erklarung der Vcreinigten Staaten sorgfaltig durchlesen, denn so wird er viele Fragen besser verstehen konnen. Abteilung III. Fragen, die beim Gcsuch fur das erste Papier" gestellt werden. Kapitel VII. Auf jede der folgenden Fragen muss der Applikant bei der Heraus- nahme des ersten Papieres" mit ciner Antwort vorbereitet sein. Fr. Wie alt sind Sie ? Fr. Was ist Hire Beschaftigung? Fr. Wie ist Ihre korperliche Beschreibung, Farbe, Aus- sehen, Grosse, Gewicht, die Farbe von Haar und den Augen und andere sichtbaren Merkmale? Fr. Wo und wann sind Sie geboren worden? Fr. Wo wohnen Sie jetzt? Fr. Wann sind Sie in die Vereinigten Staaten von Ame- rika eingewandert ? Fr. Von welchem Hafen sind Sie abgefahren? Fr. Mit welchem Schiff sind Sie gekommen? Fr. Beabsichtigen Sie aus gutem Glauben jeder Treue und Ergebenheit zu irgend einem auslandischen Fiirsten, Machthaber, Staatswesen oder Souveranitat, besonders dem. dessen Untertan oder Burger Sie jetzt sind, zu entsagen? Fr. In welchem Hafen sind Sie gelandet? Fr. An welchem Datum sind Sie angekommen? Fr. Sind Sie ein Anarchist? Fr. Betreiben Sie Vielweiberei, oder glauben Sie an die Verwirklichung derselben ? Fr. Ist Ihre Absicht, Burger der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika zu werden und sich da dauernd niederzulassen, aus gutem Glauben? 22 Wie werde ich Burger Das sind all die Fragen, welche an den Applikanten bei der Herausnahme des ersten Papieres" gerichtet werden. Zeugen sind dazu nicht notig. Alle Fragen miissen jedoch genau beantwortet werden. Sie werden in seiner Absichts- Erklarung", Burger zu werden, eingetragen und voni Appli- kanten imterzeichnet und beschworen. Kapitel VIIL Fragen, die beim ersten Gesuch fur das zweite Papier" oder letztes Papier" gestellt werden. Auf jede der folgenden Fragen muss der Applikant mit einer genii- genden Antwort vorbereitet sein, wenn er um sein zweites Papier" nachsucht. Fr. Wie heissen Sie, Vor- und Zunamen? Fr. Wo wohnen Sie, Strasse und Nummer, Stadt, Staat, Territorium oder Bezirk? Fr. Was ist Ihre Beschaftigung? Fr. Wann sind Sie geboren, Tag und Jahr? Fr. Wo sind Sie geboren? Fr. Wann sind Sie in die Vereinigten Staaten eingewan- dert, von welchem Hafen oder Ort, Tag und Jahr? Fr. In welchem Hafen der Vereinigten Staaten sind Sie gelandet, mit welchem Schiff und wann? Fr. Wann haben Sie erklart, Burger der Vereinigten Staaten zu werden (das heisst, wann haben Sie Ihr ,,erste3 Papier" herausgenommen), das Datum, Stadt und bei welchem Gericht ? Fr. Sind Sie verheiratet? Fr. Wie heisst Ihre Frau mit vollem Namen? Fr. Wo ist Ihre Frau geboren? Fr. Wo wohnt Ihre Frau? Fr. Wie viele Kinder haben Sie? Fr. Wie heisst ein jedes von den Kinder n. Datum, Ge- burtsort und Wohnort? Fr. Sind Sie gegen ein geordnetes Regierungssystem ? Wic wcrde ich BUrgef ij Fr. Sind Sie ein Mitglied oder verbunden mit einer or- ganisierten Korperschaft von Personen, die Unzufriedenheit gegen die organisierte Regierung lehrt? Fr. Betreiben Sie Vielweiberei oder glauben Sie an die Verwirklichung derselben ? Fr. Sind Sie den Prinzipien der Vereinigten Staaten- Verf assung ergeben ? Fr. 1st es Hire Absicht, Burger der Vereinigten Staaten zu werden und sich vollstandig und fiir immer jeder Treue iind Ergebenheit zu irgend einem auslandischen Fiirsten, Machthaber, Staat oder Souveranitat und besonders dem, dessen Untertan oder Burger Sie jetzt sind, zu entsagen? Fr. Beabsichtigen Sie sich in den Vereinigten Staaten dauernd niederzulassen ? Fr. Sprechen Sie englisch? Fr. Haben Sie wenigstens eine Zeit von funf Jahren un- unterbrochen, bis unmittelbar vor Ihrem Gesuche fiir das zweite Papier", in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika gewohnt ? Fr. Haben Sie mindestens ein Jahr in dem Staate, Terri- torium oder Bezirk (wo Sie um das zweite Papier" nach- suchten) gewohnt? Fr. Haben Sie je bevor bei einem Gerichtshof um das Burgerrecht nachgesucht? Wenn das der Fall ist, warum wurde Ihr Gesuch abgelehnt? Alle vorhergesagten Fragen miissen vom Applikanten bei seinem Gesuch an das Gericht fiir sein zweites Papier" beant- wortet werden. Sie sind alle im Gesuchs-Formular, welches vom Applikanten unterzeichnet und beschworen werden muss, enthalten und aufgezahlt. Manche der Fragen sind ahnlich denen, die im Gesuche fur das erste Papier" enthalten sind. Viel Sorgfalt sollte der Applikant bei der Beantwortung der Fragen verwenden ; besonders bezuglich des Namens der Frau, der Zahl der Kinder, ihrer Namen, Geburts- und Aufenthalts- crt. Denn jeder wesentliche Irrtum hierbei wiirde ein solches Kind daran verhindern, Anspruch auf das Biirgerrecht der 24 Wie werde ich Burger Vereinigten Staaten, auf Grund der Naturalisation des Vaters, zu erheben. (Natiirlich kann hier nur die Rede sein von Kin- dern, die ausserhalb der Grenzen und Gerichtsbarkeit der Ver- einigten Staaten geboren sind.) Kapitel IX. Fragen an den Applikanten und seine Zeugen. Fragen, die an den Applikanten gestellt werden. Fr. Wann haben Sie Bekanntschaft gemacht mit Ihren Zeugen und einem jeden von ihnen? Fr. Wo haben Sie Ihre Zeugen kennen gelernt? Fr. Wie sind Sie mit Ihren Zeugen bekannt geworden und einem jeden von ihnen? (Man gebe alle Umstande an, wann, wo und wie man den Zeugen in der ersten Zeit in den Vereinigten Staaten begeg- net ist.) Fr. Wie oft haben Sie in den vergangenen fiinf Jahren einen jeden von Ihren Zeugen gesehen? Fragen, die an die Zeugen gestellt werden. Fr. Wie heissen Sie und was ist Ihre Beschaftigung? Fr. Wo wohnen Sie? Fr. Sind Sie Burger der Vereinigten Staaten? (Die Zeu- gen miissen Burger sein.) Fr. Wie lange her kennen Sie schon den Applikanten? Fr. Haben Sie personlich den Applikanten als einen Ein- wohner der Vereinigten Staaten fiinf Jahre, bis zum Datum, wo er sein Gesuch eingereicht hat, gekannt, und wissen Sie, dass der Applikant mindestens ein Jahr in dem Staate Oder Territorium oder Bezirk gewohnt hat, wo er sein Gesuch hinterlegte? Sagen Sie, wie lange? Fr. Wann, wo und wie sind Sie zuerst dem Applikanten begegnet oder mit ihm bekannt geworden? (Man gebe die Umstande der ersten Begegnung an; diese muss inhaltlich der Antwort, die der Applikant auf eine ahn- liche Frage gibt, entsprechen. ) Wie werde ich BUrger 2$ Fr. Wie oft haben Sie den Applikanten seit Hirer Be- kanntschaft gesehen? Fr. Wissen Sie aus eigner Erfahning, dass der Applikant eine Person sittlichen Charakters ist? Fr. Wissen Sie aus eigner Erfahrung, dass der Appli- kant den Prinzipien der Vereinigten Staaten-Verfassung erge- ben ist? Fr. Ist der Applikant Ihrer Ansicht nach in jeder Bezie- hung wiirdig, Burger der Ver. Staaten werden zu konnen? Die vorherigen Fragen miissen von einem jeden der Zeugen beantwortet werden. Die Fragen sind in erzahlender Form in der beschworenen Aussage (affidavit), welche von den Zeugen beschworen und unterzeichnet werden muss, enthalten. Die beschworene Aussage der Zeugen wird dem Gesuche des Applikanten beigelegt, und beides wird dann beim Gerichts- schreiber hinterlegt. Neunzig Tage miissen mindestens vergehen von der Zeit, wann der Applikant sein Gesuch einreicht und mit den Zeugen wieder vor dem Gericht erscheinen muss. Dann wird der Ap- plikant darauf untersucht, ob er wirklich wiirdig ist, zum Biir- gerrecht zugelassen zu werden. Der Applikant erhalt Mit- teilung vom Gerichtsschreiber, wann er mit seinen Zeugen vor dem Gericht zu erscheinen hat. Die letzte Prufung findet vor einem Richter in offenem Gerichtshof statt. An die Zeugen werden tatsachlich die oben angefuhrten Fragen gerichtet. Der Applikant dagegen steht jetzt vor seiner letzten Prii- fung, wahrend deren er zur Genugtuung des vorsitzfiihrenden Richters beweisen muss, dass er hinreichende Kenntnisse iiber die Verfassung und Regierungsformen der Vereinigten Staaten und anderer Staaten besitzt. Dies wurde ihn befahigen, Bur- ger werden zu konnen. Der Applikant sollte folgende Fragen und Antworten fleis- sig studieren. Er soil die Verfassung und Unabhangigkeits- Erklarung, die in diesem Buche enthalten sind, lesen und mit 26 Wie werde ich Burger den Fragen und Antworten vergleichen. Da es aber vorkom- men kann, dass manche Fragen in einer anderen Form gestellt werden, ist es notig, dass der Applikant sich mit dem Sinn der hier angegebenen Fragen vertraut macht. Dies wiirde ihm hinreichende Befahigung geben, um Biirger werden zu konnen. Der Applikant soil ohne Furcht sein und auf die Fragen vom Richter oder Bezirksanwalt freimiitig antworten. Denn eine unrichtige Antwort wiirde ihn nicht fiir unwiirdig erkla- ren. Dem Richter ist nur daran gelegen, zu wissen, ob der Applikant auch die Fragen gelesen hat ; in einem solchen Falle wird der Richter ihm zu Hilfe kommen, indem er entweder die Fragen nochmals wiederholt, oder sie in einer anderen Form stellt, um den Applikanten auf die richtige Antwort zu bringen. Kapitel X. Fragen, die von den Gerichten beim letzten Verhor gestellt werden, und die Antworten dazu. Betreffs der Einzelheiten der Ver. Staaten-Verfassung, der Form unserer National- und Staats-Regierung. Fr. Unter was fiir einer Regierungsform leben wir hier? A. Wir leben unter einer republikanischen Regierungs- form, mit anderen Worten, unsere Regierung ist eine Republik. Fr. Was ist eine Republik ? A. Eine reprasentative Regierung, das heisst, eine Regie- rung, wo das Volk regiert. Fr. Haben wir einen Kaiser, Konig oder einen sonstigen Herrscher ? A. Nein. Fr. Was ist eine Monarchic? A. Kin Land, das von einem Kaiser oder Konig regiert wird. Fr. Was ist der Unterschied zwischen einer Republik, die wir haben, und einer Monarchic ? A. In einer Monarchic werden die Gesetze vom Kaiser oder Konig erlassen, wahrend in unserem Lande die Gesetze Wic wcrdc ich Bilrger 27 \ om Volk, durch erwahlte Vertreter, gemacht werden. Mit anderen Worten, in einer Monarchic regiert der Konig, wah- rend in diesem Lande das Volk regiert. Die Verfassung. Fr. Was ist das hochste Gesetz der Vereinigten Staaten? A. Die Verfassung. Fr. Was ist die Verfassung? A. Sie ist das grundlegende Gesetz unseres Landes, dem sich alle anderen Gesetze unterordnen miissen. Fr. Haben Sie je die Verfassung gelesen? A. Ja. Fr. Was ist der Sinn der Verfassung? A. Um die Gerechtigkeit zu schiitzen, gleiches Recht fur alle und die Segnungen der Freiheit fiir uns selbst und unsere Nachkommen zu sichern. Fr. Wer hat die Verfassung gemacht? A. Die Vertreter der dreizehn ursprunglichen Kolonien. Fr. Wann wurde die Verfassung von den Vereinigten Staaten angenommen ? A. Am 17. September 1787 in der verfassungsmassigen Convention hat sie der Kongress und die anderen Staaten an- genommen. Fr. Wo wurde sie angenommen? A. In Philadelphia. Fr. Wie heissen die 13 ursprunglichen Staaten? A. Es sind : Maryland, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Virginia, New Jersey, New York, Delaware, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia, Rhode Island. Fr. Wie durfen Aenderungen in der Verfassung vorge- nommen werden? A. Aenderungen in der Verfassung miissen von einer Mehrheit von zwei Dritteln der beiden Hauser des Kongresses und von drei Vierteln der Staaten der Union gutgeheissen wer- den. 28 Wie werde ich Burger Fr. Sind in der Verfassung seit ihrer ursprunglichen An- nahme je Aenderungen vorgenommen worden? A. Ja. Fr. Wie viele Zusatze hat die Verfassung? A. Fiinf zehn. Fr. In wie viele Abteilungen hat die Verfassung die Re- gierung der Vereinigten Staaten geteilt ? A. In drei Abteilungen. Fr. Welches sind die? A. Die gesetzgebende, vollziehende und die gerichtliche. Fr. Wer bildet die gesetzgebende Abteilung der Vereinig- ten Staaten-Regierung? A. Der Kongress. Fr. Wer bildet die vollziehende Abteilung? A. Der Prasident und sein Kabinett. Fr. Wer bildet die gerichtliche Abteilung? A. Der hochste Gerichtshof der Vereinigten Staaten. Fr. Warum wurde die Regierung der Vereinigten Staaten in drei Abteilungen geteilt ? A. Um vorzubeugen, dass nicht die ganze Regierungsge- walt ein Mann oder eine Korperschaft inne hat. Deshalb wurde sie verteilt, damit eine Abteilung die andere in Schach halt. Kongress (gesetzgebende Abteilung). Fr. Wer macht die Gesetze in den Vereinigten Staaten? A. Der Kongress zu Washington. Fr. Macht der Kongress allein die Gesetze? A. Jawohl, dennoch miissen die Gesetze mit der Unter- schrift des Prasidenten versehen sein. Fr. Woraus besteht der Kongress? A. Der Kongress setzt sich aus zwei Hausern zusammen : dies sind der Senat und das Abgeordnetenhaus. Fr. Wie viele Mitglieder hat der Senat? A. Zwei von jedem Staate der Union. Fr. Werden die Senatoren direkt vom Volk erwahlt? A. Nein. Wie wcrdc ich Burger 39 Fr. Wie werden die Vereinigten Staaten-Senatoren er- nannt ? A. Die gesetzgebende Versammlung von jedem Staat (ler Union ernennt zwei Senatoren. Fr. Auf wie lange Zeit? A. Die Vereinigten Staaten-Senatoren werden auf sechs Jahre erwahlt. Fr. Wie werden die Mitglieder des Abgeordnetenhauses erwahlt? A. Durch direkte Abstimmung vom Volk. Fr. Auf wie lange Zeit werden die erwahlt? A. Fiir zwei Jahre. Fr. Wie viele Mitglieder kann ein jeder Staat ins Abge- ordnetenhaus entsenden ? A. Einen Vertreter auf ungefahr 191,000 Einwohner (wenn ein Staat aber weniger als 191,000 Einwohner hat, ist er dennoch berechtigt, einen Vertreter in den Kongress zu senden). Fr. Wie sind die Kongress-Bezirke eingeteilt? A. Der Kongress erkennt einem jeden Staate der Union so viele Vertreter zu, zu wie vielen der betreffende Staat be- rechtigt ist, das heisst, der Bevolkerungszahl gemass wird ein jeder Staat von seiner Legislatur in Kongress-Bezirke einge- teilt. Fr. Wie oft versammelt sich der Kongress? A. Einmal im Jahre, dem ersten Montag im Monat Dezember. Fr. Worin besteht die Macht des Kongresses? A. Um Steuern aufzuerlegen, Geld auf der Vereinigten Staaten Kredit zu leihen, Handelsvertrage mit f remden Natio- nen abzuschliessen, eine einformige Naturalisations-Ordnung zu bestimmen, um Geld zu pragen, Postamter und Landstrassen zu errichten, Krieg zu erklaren und ein Heer auszuheben und zu unterhaltea 30 Wie werde ich Burger President, Vizeprasident, das Kabinett (die vollziehende Abteilung der Regierung). Fr. Wer ist der hochste Exekutivbeamte der Vereinigten Staaten ? A. Der Prasident. Fr. Wo ist der Vereinigten Staaten-Regierung und des Prasidenten Sitz? A. Zu Washington, Distrikt Columbia. Fr. Wer erwahlt den Prasidenten der Vereinigten Staaten ? A. Das Volk durch indirekte Wahl, das heisst, das Volk von einem jeden Staate erwahlt eine bestimmte Anzahl Wahl- manner, und die vom Volk erwahlten Wahlmanner erwahlen den Prasidenten. Die Wahlmanner werden unter den Staaten der Bevolkerung gemass verteilt. Fr. Auf wie lange wird der Prasident erwahlt? A. Auf vier Jahre. Fr. Wenn nun kein Kandidat fur das Prasidentenamt eine Mehrheit der Stimmen der Wahlmanner erhalt, wer erwahlt dann den Prasidenten? A. Das Abgeordnetenhaus erwahlt in solch einem Falle den Prasidenten. Fr. Was sind die Pflichten und die Macht des Prasidenten? A. Er ist Oberbefehlshaber uber das Heer und die Marine der Vereinigten Staaten. Er soil darauf achten, dass die Ge- setze genau durchgefuhrt werden. Er kann Vertrage abschlies- sen, aber benotigt dazu die Zustimmung des Senats. Er er- nennt Gesandte, andere offentliche Beamte und Konsuln. Er kann die vom Kongress gemachten Gesetze fiir ungiiltig er- klaren. Fr. Woriiber fiihrt der Prasident den Vorsitz? A. Ueber sein Kabinett, welches sich wie folgt zusam- mensetzt: Staats-, Finanz-, Kriegs-, Marine-, des Innern, Landwirtschafts-, Generalanwalts-, Hauptpostmeister-, Han- dels- und Arbeits-Ministerium. Fr. Wie werden die Gesetze der Vereinigten Staaten an- genommen ? Wic werde ich Burger 3* A. Ein Gesetzesvorschlag muss zuerst vom Abg^eordne- tenhaus und dann vom Senat angenommen werden; zuletzt muss es vom Prasidenten, bevor es Gesetz wird, unterschrie- ben werden. Fr. 1st es notwendig, dass jedes Gesetz vom Prasidenten iinterzeichnet wird? A. Nein; wenn ein Gesetzesvorschlag zehn Tage vom Prasidenten zuriickgehalten wird, ohne ihn zu unterschreiben noch fiir ungiiltig zu erklaren, dann wird er Gesetz ohne des Prasidenten Unterschrift. Fr. Wenn nun der Prasident einem Gesetzesvorschlag seine Unterschrift verweigert oder denselben fiir ungiiltig er- klart, den aber die beiden Hauser des Kongresses gutgeheissen haben, namlich der Senat und das Abgeordnetenhaus, kann derselbe noch immer ein Gesetz werden? A. Jawohl. Aber in einem solchen Falle muss der Kon- gress den Vorschlag mit einer Majoritat von zwei Dritteln des Senats und des Abgeordnetenhauses durchbringen ; dann wird er ohne die Unterschrift des Prasidenten ein Gesetz. Fr. Kann ein naturalisierter Burger Prasident der Ver- einigten Staaten werden? A. Nein. Nur ein eingeborener Biirger, nicht vor dem 35. Lebensjahre, kann Prasident werden. Fr. Wer wird Prasident, wenn der Prasident stirbt? A. Der Vizeprasident, und im Falle, dass der Vizepra- sident stirbt, wird der Staatssekretar Prasident u. s. w. bis auf das letzte Mitglied des Prasidenten-Kabinetts. Fr. Wie wird der Vizeprasident erwahlt? A. In derselben Weise wie der Prasident. Fr. Ueber was fiir eine Korperschaft fiihrt der Vizepra- sident den Vorsitz? A. Ueber den Senat der Vereinigten Staaten. Fr. Wer war der erste Prasident der \'ereinigten Staa- ten? A. George Washington, von 1789 1793. Fr. Wer ist jetzt Prasident? 32 Wie werde ich Burger A. Woodrow Wilson. Fr. Kann eine hiergeborene Frau Prasident der Vereinig- ten Staaten werden? A. Jawohl. Ver. Staaten-Obergericht und das Bundesgericht (bilden die gericht- liche Abteilung der Regierung). Fr. Welches ist das hochste Gericht in den Vereinigten Staaten ? A. Das Vereingte Staaten-Obergericht zu Washington. Fr. Worin besteht die Pflicht und Macht des Oberge- richts zu Washington? A. Um den Sinn der Verfassung zu erklaren und auszu- legen, zu entscheiden, ob Gesetze, die vom Kongress verfiigt oder Staatsgesetze mit der Verfassung iibereinstimmen und nicht gegen den Sinn oder Prinzipien derselben sind, und je- des Gesetz, das mit der Verfassung in Widerspruch steht, fiir verfassungswidrig zu erklaren, da die Verfassung unser hochstes Gesetz ist, das unmittelbar vom Volk herkommt. Fr. Wer ernennt die Richter fiir das Vereinigte Staaten- Bundesgericht ? A. Sie werden fiir lebenslanglich vom Prasidenten, und zwar unter Zustimmung und Gutachten des Senats, ernannt. Fr. Ist ein jeder Burger, der eines Verbrechens angeklagt wird, zu einem Verhor vor einem Schwurgericht berechtigt? A. Jawohl, nach der Verfassung. Fr. Was ist ein Schwurgericht? A. Zwolf Manner, die vom Angeklagten und vom Volk erwahlt werden; sie horen die Aussagen an, um entweder den Angeklagten freizusprechen oder zu verurteilen. Fr. Was sind die Pflichten eines Burgers der Vereinigten Staaten ? A. Gehorsam den Gesetzen gegenuber und das Land in Kriegszeiten zu verteidigen. Fr. Wie viele Sterne hat die Flagge der Vereinigten Staaten ? A. Achtundvierzig, ein Stern fiir einen jeden Staat. Wie wcrde ich BUrger 33 Fr. Wie viele Staaten hat die Union? A. Achtundvierzig. Fr. Haben Sie die Unabhangigkcits-Erklarung gelesen? A. Jawohl. Fr. Von wann datiert die Unabhangigkcits-Erklarung inid wann hat unser Land seine Unabhangigkeit erklart? A. Am 4. Juli 1776, an diesem Datum wurde sie im Kongress von den Abgeordneten der dreizehn urspriingHchen Staaten unterzeichnet. Staats-Gesetze. (Die folgenden Fragen haben zwar nur auf den Staat und die Stadt New York Bezug. Sie konnen aber auch fiir einen anderen Staat gebraucht werden.) Fr. Konnen Sie mir auch andere Gesetze, ausser denen, die vom Kongress zu Washington gemacht werden, nennen? A. Ja, ein jeder Staat hat seine eignen Gesetze. Fr. Wer macht die Gesetze fiir einen jeden Staat? A. Die gesetzgebende Versammlung eines jeden Staates, welche sich aus dem Senat und Assembly zusammensetzt ; der Senat wird das Oberhaus, die Assembly das Unterhaus ge- nannt. Fr. Wie werden die Mitglieder des Senats und Assembly eines jeden Staates erwahlt? A. Durch direkte Abstimmung vom Volk. Fr. Wer ist das Haupt einer jeden Staatsregierung ? A. Der Gouverneur von einem jeden Staat. Fr. Wer erwahlt den Gouverneur eines jeden Staates? A. Das Volk durch direkte Abstimmung. Fr. Worin besteht die Pflicht und Macht eines Gouver- neurs von einem jeden Staate? A. Dass die Staatsgesetze genau durchgefuhrt werden, und die Gesetzesvorschlage, welche von der Legislatur vorge- legt werden, unterzeichnet werden. Wenn der Gouverneur ir- gend einen Gesetzesvorschlag fiir ungiiltig erklart, so kann der- selbe von der Legislatur nochmals eingebracht werden und, wenn ei mit einer Mehrheit von zwei Dritteln angenommen 34 Wic werde ich Burger wird, so wird er ein Gesetz ohne des Gouverneurs Unterschrift. Fr. Wer macht die Gesetze f iir den Staat New York ? A. Die gesetzgebende Korperschaft zu Albany, die sich aus dem Senat und Assembly zusammensetzt. Fr. Wie viele Mitglieder hat der Senat zu Albany? A. Einundfiinfzig Mitglieder; ein jedcr Staats-Senator wird auf zwei Jahre erwahlt. Fr. Wie viele Mitglieder hat die Assembly zu Albany? A. Einhundertundfiinfzig Mitglieder; ein jeder Assem- blyman wird auf ein Jahr erwahlt. Fr. Auf wie lange Zeit wird ein Gouverneur vom Staat New York erwahlt? A. Auf zwei Jahre. Fr. Wie heisst die Hauptstadt vom Staat New York? A. Albany. Fr. Wer macht die Gesetze fur die Stadt New York ? A. Die gesetzgebende Versammlung zu Albany. Fr. Was ist der Titel des Hauptexekutiv-Beamten der Stadt New York? A. Mayor (Biirgermeister). Fr. Auf wie lange Zeit wird der Mayor der Stadt New York erwahlt? A. Auf vier Jahre, und zwar wird er vom Volk erwahlt. Fr. Kann der Mayor der Stadt New York ein Gesetz, das zu Albany f iir die Regierung der Stadt New York gemacht wurde, fur ungiiltig erklaren? A. Ja; in einem solchen Falle darf die Legislatur den Vorschlag nochmals einbringen ; wird er angenommen, so wird er ein Gesetz. Fr. Wissen Sie, was eine stadtische Verordnung ist? A. Ein Gesetz, das Angelegenheiten und Geschafte ord- nen soil, fiir welche die Legislatur keine besonderen Vor- schriften hat. Fr. Wer macht die stadtischen Verordnungen ? A. Der stadtische Gemeinderat, die Versammlung der Aldermen. Ein gutes Werk. Zcit ist Geld," unci dieses Sprichvvort sollte man auch beim Erlernen der englischen Sprache anwenden. Leider wird auf diesem Gebiete noch manch Einer Lehrgeld bezahlen miissen. That- sache ist es, dass Leute, die mit grammatisch ge- ordneten Sprachbiichern jahrelang sicli abplagen, trotzdem im Sprechen kaum welche Fahigkeit besitzen. Aus der Praxis fiir die Praxis schuf nun, um dem Uebelstand abzuhelfen, der Ge- neral-Dolmetscher Dr. R. Rosenthal sein geniales Werk, betitelt: ,, System der englischen Sprache, zum Selbstunterricht.** Spielend leicht, nicht ermudend, wirkt der Lehrkursus, so dass man mit wenig Uebung in 3 Monaten Englisch spricht. Die Siegespalme des Erfolges gehort daher unstreitig dem Dr. Rosenthal'schen Selbstunterrichts-System, weil jeder in die Lage versetzt wird, billig, sicher, leicht und schnell die Landessprache zu erlernen. Die grossen Anerkennungen fast sammtlicher Weltzeitungen, ebenso die uberaus giinstigen Kri- tiken derselben haben dem Werk einen Weltruf gesichert. Moge Jeder, der die englische Sprache zu erlernen hat, sich davon iiberzeugen. Gratis-Prospekt, sowie das Werk selbst, sind zu beziehen durch Notar CHARLES KALLMEYER 205 East 45. Str. - - New York, N. Y. Fiir Antwort und Zusendung von Prospektcn bittc 40 Pfcnnige Riickporto bcizufugcn. *ii> > >! n m n > i> i>.i n n nn ii fn t 9 t 9 f f i>i 9 < " < .Am..m*~**~~~~ Das Dr. Richard S. Rosenthars Meisterschafts-System ist durch eine grosse Anzahl hervorragender Ge- lehrter aller Facultaten gepruft, sowohl von deutschen, wie amerikanischen Staatsmannern bestens empfohlen und von den hervorragendsten Pressorganen beider Welten auf das glanzendste recensirt und als unstreitig beste Methode der Welt anerkannt. Audi nicht Beanlagte oder Aeltere, denen die leichte Fassungsgabe der Ju- gend mangelt, konnen nach dieser Methode in 3 4 Monaten fliessend englisch sprechen und schreiben lernen. Charles Kallmeyer aber ist der Erste und bis jetzt Einzige in den Vereinigten Staaten von Nord-Amerika, welcher seit Jahren erfolgreich nach dieser Methode unterrichtet. In die Rumpelkammer mit alien veralteten, theoretischen, unpraktischen Methoden, hier bliiht des Lebens gold'ener Baum. Sprechstunden : Von lo Uhr Morgens bis 5 Uhr Nachmittags und Abends zwischen 7 und 9 Uhr in meinem Privatbureau. CHARLES KALLMEYER 205 EAST 45. STR. NEW YORK, N. Y. Gesellschaft fiir Publicitat von CHARLES KALLMEYER Bureau: 205 East 45. Str., New York City, U. S. A. Wer die grosse Hilfe der amerikanischen Presse braucht; wer einen Verschollenen sucht; wer Land kaufen will; wer Stellung sucht; wer Geld leihen will; wer eine Erfindung verkaufen will; wer seine Waare anbieten will und neue Markte sucht, der wende sich an obiges Verof- fentlichungs-Bureau. Es wird viel Geld damit erspart, denn es kommt darauf an, nur in den Zeitungen zu publiciren, die dafiir in Frage kom- men und den gewiinschten Erfolg versprechen In Amerika und Canada existiren 24,345 deut sche, amerikanische und canadische Zeitungen, und wer unter diesen Zeitungen die richtige Aus- wahl treffen und sein Inserat gut abfassen kann, wird Erfolg erzielen. FUr Auskunft 1 Mark Ruckporto. -9 <* <'!< ii >> ; >> ; ,9,m u; , ; ,9 9 9 < <9 i %< aiit < < '9> CHARLES KALLMEYER & CO. 205 East 45. Str., New York City. Erbschaften, Vermogen, Pensioner! und sonstige Forderungen in alien Theilen der Welt eingezogen, speziell in Deutschland, Oesterreich, Ungarn, Schweiz, Hol- land, Russland und Frankreich u. s. w. auf die schnellste und billigste Art und Weise. VoUmachten und notarielle Urkunden jeder Art wie auch Incorporationen, Adoptionsgesuche, Testamente, Deeds, Mortgages, Leases, Bills of Sale, Agreements, etc., werden sachkundigst und billigst ausgefertigt und, wo notig, die konsularische Beglaubigung besorgt ; auch U. S. Reise-Passe besorgt. J^p*' Unsere Notare sind beim Kaiserlich Deutschen Consulat registrirt, so dass jeder, welcher einen Brief oder ein Schreiben aus der alten Heimath wegen einer Erbschafts- oder sonstigen Familien- oder Rechts-Sache erhalt, die eine konsularische Beglaubigung notig ma- chen, sich den Gang nach dem betreffenden Con- sulate sparen kann, wenn er direkt nach unserer Office kommt, von wo alles Weitere prompt erledigt und ihm auch von amerikanischen und deutschen Rechtskundigen der beste Rath be- reitwilligst ertheilt wird. Durch unsere hiesigen Rechtsbeistande lassen wir auch Surrogat-Gerichtsfalle, insbesondere Erlangung von Vormundschafts-, Nachlass- und Testaments-Papieren besorgen und iibernehmen auch die Regulirung von Hin- terlassenschaften und Einziehung von Erbschaf- ten innerhalb der ganzen Vereinigten Staaten Amerikas unter den bestmoglichen Bedingungen. Ferner iibernehmen wir die Aemter eines Testaments - Vollstreckers, Vormundes oder Nachlass-Verwalters in gewissenhafter Weise. Rath und Auskunft iiber alle Rechtssachen, namentlich in deutschen Militar-Angelegenhei- ten, wird ertheilt. Fur Aiukunft 1 Mark Ruckporto. CHARLES KALLMEYER & CO. M It i> ' i < 9 '9 '9 9 >9 ' " ii>iii m ii>ii i>ii>ii>iit H H STAMPED LSr^^"'""^'^ Miq o REC'D LD fliC2 6'63-UA SEP 21 1993 14 AUTOOISCGRC SEflO^-ga ^I^2l-50m-l,'33 ye 27054 U,C.BRKELEV LIBRARIES I I co^5aat,3^cJ ^ 1 O"